LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

NO.___l>(o_?iS-_-_DATE._g_-L&8_7.
SOURCE...W.R.MMv\dg.r

Jul^- 'Dec.
1 S84-

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December 27. 1S84,

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

^ WitM^ mimtxaiti) gournal

OF

Horticulture and Allied Subjects.

(ESTABLISHED IN 1841.)

VOL. XXII.-NEW SERIES.

JULY TO DECEMBER, i884.

LONDON:

41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W,C.

1884.

LONDON :
BRADBURV, AGNEW, & TO., PRINTERS, WMITEFRIARS.

Tlie Gaideners' Chronicle,

[Decemter 7-j,

JULY TO DECEMBER, 1884.

iEHK'i Park, Leicester, (^04

.bhotslord, $^i

.bies cephalonica, ^•^a ; A. lasiocarpa,
438 ; A. Webbiana, 467

.ccr Ncgundo var. variegala, 360 ; A.
Reitcnbachii, 536

Lcids, organic, 337

iciphylla squarrosa, 328

Lcorns and cattle, 725

kdianlum Fergusoni, 360

advancement of Science, An^erican Asso-
ciation for, 469

Kchmea Marie Hegina, 499

r.cidium berberidis, 308, 375

ierides Sandeiiana, 134, 460 ; A. viren?,
558

African mountain tropical flora, 626

iganisia, new, a, 494

vgave americana, a florilerous sucker. 53 ;
A. americana flowering, 504

Agricultural education, 753

Agricultural returns of Great Britain,
246

Agriculture in the province of Novara,
Italy, 754

Uchemilla alpina, 749

^/C'''. British fresh-water, 658 ; of Gran-
ton Quarry, 105

\lgin, 50

Ulotment extension, 694

Uoe Bainesii, 18

Vloysia cilriodora, 556

Mpine plants, 48

Vlslrumerias, 52

\mateur, an, 440 ; what is an, 7S5

\merican Apples. 722

American Association, the, for the Ad-
vancement of Science, 4*59

\merican exbibilion, 402

\nalysis of falling leaves. 531

\nchonianes Hookerii. 498

\nchii£a callithyrsa, 587

\nchcsas. 21

\nderson-Henry, Isaac, 400

\ndrosace rotundifolia, 536

\nemones, 501

Xngra Pequena, 560

\ngr?ecum bilobum Kiikii, 780 ; A.
Rotschyi, 712, 745

Annuals becoming perennial, 21

\nomathec,i cruenta, 48

'\nthurium Witchii, 273

\ntidotes and decoys for wireworms
298

\ntigonon leptopus. 71

Aphides, a plague of, 50

Aphis and the, storm, the 148 ; and rest-
ing spores, 249

Apple, prolific. 308 ; the Blenheim, 471 ;
\\'arncr's King, 471 ; Tom Putt, 472 ;
I^dy Sudeley, 364 ; Bramley's Seed-
ling, 602, 750 ; the Sandringham, 724 ;
Court Pendu Plat, 725

,\pple Congress, 1S83, Report, 304 ; at
Chiswick, 392, 638 ; culture. 779

.Apple crop in Hereford, the, 694

Apples. 178, 438 ; early, 115 ; early, for
the kitchen, 264

Apples, American, 722 ; at Gloucester,
372 ; at the Exeter show, 601

Apples and Pear5, 471 ; root-pruning of,
249

Aquilegia glandulosa, 521

Aralia papyrifera, 408 ; A. Sieboldii, 272

Aralias, propagation ot, 398

Araucaria iinbricata, 492 ; at Kew, 690

Arboretum, the, 43, 143

Arboriculture in Scotland, 231, 295, 328
Arbutus canariensis, 492 ; A. Croorai,

492 ; A. microphylla. 402
Archaeology of Coven t Gaiden, the, 340
Architecture and landscape gardening,

()82

Ardisia Oliveri, 242

Arcnaria gvpsophylloides, 179

Argyreia HooUerii, 338

Arisnema fimbriatum. 680

Aristolochia altissima, 754

Artichokes flowering, 535

Arundel, 327

Ash, galls on, 441

Abh of Wheat-grain and straw, composi-
tion of, 555

Associate, a British, on his travels, 330,
427, 504. 658

Asters, notes on the cultivated, 523, 554,
618, 680, 744. ; perennial, 489

Astranlia Biebersteini, 115

Aucuba, propagation of the, 206

Audley End, 293

Auricula and Carnation and Picotee So-

^ciety (Southern Section), the National,
661

Auricula, Page's Champion, 114 ; A.
White Rival, 627

Auriculas, 237

Austen. Mr., presentation to, 179

Australia. South, 237

Autumn leafage, 658

Awards to fruit. 758

Azaleas, 563 ; and thrips, 470 ; old whit'^,
the, 459; A., sinensis, 214

RArTERTA, 115

R.ilsams at flower shows, 308

Bank notes, microvegetation of, (".50

Barkeria Barkeriola, 6i6 ; B. cyclottlla,

Birk, Tamkatra, 754

Barron, Mr., presentation to, 147

Be^ns, runner, 594 ; Carob, 85; French,

a gigantic, 662 ; Sejour, 11
Ee.\ndesert, 748
Bediord Park, gardening at, 44
Bcrchwood, Chrysanthemums at, 722
Betl;eepers' Association for Middlesex,

a, 50
Rets and single Dahlias, 470, 501 ;

Apricots and wasps, 24S
Begonias, Bedding, 336, 501
Begonias, 467 ; a new bedding, 721 ; at
Stanstead Park nurseries, 434 ; at
Swanley, 202 ; B. Beddomei, 80 ; B.
fuchiioides, 5or ; R. geranoides, 269 ;
new, 205 ; new tuberous-rooted, 50 ;
the tuberous, 70 ; tuberous as bedding
plants, 501 : tuberous for bedding, 366
4:;S ; B. Wallenstcinii, 86
Belgian Horlicultur'", Syndicate of. 243
Belgium, cultural education in, 213
Belladonna Lilies. 338
Beniham, Mr , 368. 432, 464
Berberis congesti folia,. 243 ; B. Fortunei,

492 ; B. mildew, 308
Reschorneria Decosteriana, 242
Bignonia radicans, 306
Bilbergia Porteana, 147 ; B. Sanderiana,

304
Bird, the bower, 187

Birds and berries, 660 : migration of, sia

Bitton. 775

Blackberries, 407 ; American, 437

Bladder Ketmia. 248

Bleaching grass plumcF, 337

Blenheim, 528

Blossoming, unseasonable, 50

Blue Roses. 562

Bogota, and how to get there, 150

Boiler. Fawkes' Slow-combustion, 597 ;

horizontal tubular, 536, 365 ; tubular,

598, 758
Bomarea Carderii, 146 ; B. conferta, 469

Books Noticed : — Algce. Fresh-water
Briti-h, 728 ; Book Lore. 728 ; Englit,h
Botany, 432 ; Bramble Cloisters, 728 ;
British Apples, 747 ; British Ferns and
their Extermination, 216; Bromeliacex,
Antoine's, 432 ; Chiswick Floral Com.-
mittee, 216 ; Chrysanthemum, the, 557 ;
Comparative Anatomy of the Vegeta-
tive Organs of Phanerogams and Ferns,
by Dr. " A. De Bary. 756 ; Diseases of
Field and Garden Crops, by W. G.
Smith, 403 : Dictionary of Gardening,
illustrated, ^62 ; Gardening in India,
Hints on, 78 ; Gartenflora, the, 728 ;
Herbarium Normale Austro-Africanuni,
434; Histoiyof a Lump of Iron, 78 ;
Les Plantes des Alpes. 654 ; Kulilers
Medicinal Pflanzen, 786; Lilies, cata-
logue of, 728 ; Mosses, Synopsis of, by
Mr. Hobkirk, 403 ; P'^nt Lore and
Garden Craft of Shakespeare. 349 ;
Plants. Originof Cultivated, 728 ; Roses,
a Book about, 728; Synoptical Flora of
North America. 3.10; The Australian in
America, 728 ; Window Gardening,
Modern, by S. Wood, 403

Bouquet, royal Orchid. 272

Botanic garden. Christchurch. N Z.,204 ;
Cork, 468 : Melbourne. 365 ; Moscow,
i4r ; St. Petersburg. 713. 745 ; Syd-
ney. 115

Botanic Society, the Royal. 210

Botanical certificates, 757

Botanical Misazine, the, ;86

" Botanical " Orchids. 809

Botanists, butterflies as, 82

Bottom-heat for Pine-apples, 724

Bournemouth and its gardens, 404

Boussingaullia baselloides, 759

Bouvardias at Aske Hall, 429 ; planted
out, 563

Bower bird, the, 187

Bowood. Wilts. 296

Boxley Hill, Maidstone, 11

Brassia antherotes, 524

Bravoa BuUiana. 328

Breslau Botanic Garden. 370

Britain, crops of the year in, 306

British Apples, 815

British Applet, 656

British Freshwater Algi^, 658

British Associate on his travels, a, 339,
427, 504, 658

Broadlands, 391

Broome, Mr. John, marriage of, 400

Brous^a Tea, 622

Broxboume, 2ir

Buckinghamshire Garden, notes from a,
52

Buddleia crispa, 594: R- Lindleyana, 49:;

Bulbs, 290, 330, 370, 460 ; Cape, 753

BliU's. Mr.. Orchids. 147

Bulrushes in running water, 667

Burford Lodge, Dorking. 107

Butterflies as botanists, 83

Cauhages. 438

Cabbage Lettuifi-S 54

Cacti, edible, i/r

Ccelogyne Rossiana, 808

Callamander wood. 149

Calanthe Curtisii, 262 ; C.dipteryx, 394 ;
C. Regneriana, 776

Calceolaria Sinclaiii, 267

Calcutta Ro>al Botanic Gardens, 12

Campanulaalpina, 214 ; C. thyrsoidea, 105

Canada, the fruit trade of. 588

Canadian plants. 176

Cape bulbs 753

Caper bubh, the, 234

Capparis spinosa. 267, 276, 307

Caraguata angustifolia, 616

Carapa guianensis, 813

Carnation and Auricula Society, National,
499

Carnation Clove for forcing at Gcuberl's
nursery, 470 ; fly, 667 ; C. Louisa A^I -
burton, 500 ; perpetual or tiee, 552 ;
perpetual flowering. 425 ; and Picotee-,
43 ; Souvenir de la Malniaiion. 8. 52,

Carnations, autumn and spring planiint".
684

Carapa guiantnsis, 813

Carob beans, 83

Carter's Grasshoppers. 3:,9

Caryopleris Mastacantluis, 492

Cassia corymbosa, 466, 628

Castle Hill. 651

Catasetum Cliristyanum obscurum, C49

Caterpillars on the Oak. 82, 114 ; plsguc
of in the Rhonda Valley, 211

Cattle and Acorns, 725

Catileya Brymeriana. 274. 520 ; C. calum-
mata, 780 ; C. crocaia, 520 ; C. cin-
cata rosea. 745 ; C. intricata, 7 : C.
maxima, 620; C. maxima aphltbia,
394 ; C. Mossia; Arnoldiana,^ 7 ; _('.
'iriana? superbissima. 236 ; C. Wai-
keriana, 364 ; C. Walkeriaua (bulbo.'-a),
780 : C. Whiiei, 424

Catileya, a new, 211

Cauliflowers, autumn planted, 72*3

Ceanothus velutinus. 232

Celery mrggot. 406. sor, 470

Celosias, pyraniiial, 242

Cereuspauci5pinus,434; C triangulari5,3o5

Champion Auritula, Page's, 114

Changes induced by cultivation. 7^6

Charcoal, kilns. 18*1 ; for packing seeds, 50

Chaumonu'lle orchard in Jersey, 395

Chenies and its Cherries. 102

Chestnut, the sweet. S14

Chestnut, the Fcru-leaved. 536; the sweet,
814

Chiswick Conference, the propo<:ed, 117

Chiswick, notes from, 37 ; Potato experi-
ments in moulding, 656

Chiswick Rid Tomato, 276, 370

Chlorophyll, 304

Chrislnius decorations, 75).

<:hristmas Roses, 594. 628

Chrysanihcnium segetum, 20; C, coro-
narium. 395 ; C cinerarilolium, 528 ;
C. Cullingiurdi. 751 ;

Chrysanthemum shous, 718

Chr\santhemum. jellow sport from
Aiadame Desgranges. 530

Chrysanthemums. 492. 684 ; in town,
1^36; new, at Bccchwood, 722; at
Messrs. Vi-iichV, 595 ; at Slough. 596;
sportive. ^97 ; for cutting. 661 ; diseases
of. 685 ; outdoor, 690 ; new, 717, 723 ;
cultivation of, 724 ; new, at Messrs,
Bull's, 753 ; the future, of. 779

IV

The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 27, 1884.

Chrysobactron Hookerii. 176

Chrysophyllum Glaziovii (Theophrasta
iniperialis), 468

Church dfcorations, 470

Cigars, Havana, 716

Cinchona plantations in Java, 178

Cinchona Ledgeriana, 690

Citrons in Mogador, 601

Clematis Gipsy Queen, 690

Clematises, 18, 595 ; for bedding, 499

Clerodendron Ballourianum, to propa-
gate from seed, 10

Cl:rrodendron culture, 10

Clerodendron fceiiduni, 304, 374 ; C.
illustre. 424 ; C. niacrosiphon. 242 ; C.
siphonanihus, 562 ; C. trichotomum,

395
Clerodendron, propagation and culture,

76

Clerodendron splendens, to propagate, 10
Clerodendron Thompsoni, to propagate,

TO

Climbers, sunlight for, in cool-house, 54 ;

yellow-flowered, for greenhouse, 403
Clover, diseases of, 84
Clove, new white Gloire de Nancy, 147
Clubbing of Hoya and Sparmannia, 692
Cneorum tricocciuii, 492
Cobbett's Indian Corn, 660
Cobham Hall, 261
Cocaine. 753
Coelogyne Gardneriana, 364 ; C. Rossiana,

808
Cockroaches, 628
Cockscombs, 434
Codonopsis ovata, 53
Cola-nut, 626
Colchicum arenarium, 468 ; C, parvulum,

468
College of Agriculture, Downton, 45
Co'onia! notes, 12, 46, 84, 205, 296, 237,

364. 685
Colorado fruit growing, 600
Colour blindness, 80
Colours, nomenclature of, 693
Columbia Market, 198
Composition for trees against ravages by

vermin, 474
Commerce, curiosities of, 128

Committee, the Scientific, of the Royal
Horticultural Society : — Abies Nord-
manniana, 118 ; ^cidium euphorbias,
54; Agapanthus, 118 ; Antigonon l^p-
topus, 118; Birch, knot in, 662;
British Gymnosporangia, 55 ; Cedar,
knots from, 118 ; Chlora perfoliata, 54 ;
Cola acuminata, 759 ; Diospyros Kaki,

759 ; Egyptian mummy with wreath in
situ, drawings of, 760 ; evergreen Plane,

760 ; floral monstrosities, 759 ; Gen-
tiana bavarica, 54 ; Hoya roots club-
bing, 663 ; Lancea tibetica, 54 ; Lilium
auratum, bulbiferoiis, 662 ; Masdevallia
leaves, diseased, 662 ; Uidium balsami,
760 ; Orchids, photographs ot, 662 ;
Orchis pyramidalis, 118; Palm stove,
cockroaches in, 662 ; Passiflora fcetid^^,
759 ; Pear stem, diseased, 662 ; Potato
disease, 118, tti ; Potato dry rot, 662 ;
Potato scab, 662 ; Potato sclerotia,
662, 759 ; Potato, spotted and mottled;
tubers, 662 ; Potato wet rot, 662 ,
Potatos, Chiswick experiments on
moulding, 54, 662 ; Potatos. red spotted,
759 I proliferous Geum rivale, 54 ;
Puccinia vincte, 55 ; Rhubarb stalks,
dried, 55 ; Rhubarb, dried, 118 ; roots,
fusion of, 118 : Sarracenia flava, 118 ;
Sclerotia of Potato, 759 ; Sparmannia
roots. 759: Sparmannia roots clubbing,
663] ; Sphasralcea umbellata, 759 ;
teratological specimens, 118 ; weevils
attacking Orchids, 662

Committees of the Royal Horticultural

Society, 692
Coiuposition of ash of Wheat grain and

straw, 555
Cones, injury to, 114
Congress at Rouen, pomological, 466 ;

a Vine at Chiswick, 48
Conifers, collection of, at Forestry Exhi-
bition, 200 ; dimensions of, 268 ; hardy,

215
Coniferse. Japanese, 493
Conservatory, a model, 530 ; decoration,

722
Continental novelties in flowers, 662
Copiophora cornuta, 212
Cork Botanic Garden, 468
Corylopsis himalayana, 536
Correspond a lice Botanique, 242
Cottage gardening in Wilts. 410
Covent Garden salesmen, 720, 758, 815
Covent Garden, the archaeology of, 440
Cow Parsnip, the, 114
Crabs, new. 629 ; seedling, 500
Cranberries, 117
Crassula gracilis, 560
Crataegus Douglasii, 365 ; C. pyracantha

LaUndei. 53*5
Criiiurn Sanderianum, 102 ; C. leuco-

phv Hum, 6go
Crittenden Damson, a new use for, 392 ;

the, 372

Crops of the year in Britain, 306

Crocus valUcola, 338 ; C. zonatus, 588

Crotons spotting, 628

Crute's patent pots, 406

Cryptogamic meeting of the Essex Field

Club, 46S ; Society of Scotland, 181
Cucumbers, 307 ; a cure for gumming on,

21 ; growing, 726, 759
Cultivated Asters, notes on, 523, 554, 618,

680. 744 ; perennial, 4S9
Cultivation of the Potato, the, 723
Curraghmore, 180
Currant. Raby Castle, 245
Cut flowers, transmission of, to Victoria,

685
Cutting-back treatment of old plants, 210
Cyclamens, 721 ; corms, 179 ; C.

hedersefolium, 469
Cyclopia genistoides, 149
Cymbidium eburneum, 77
Cypher s. Mr. , nursery at Cheltenham, 532
Cypripedium Ashburtoniae expansum,

552 ; C. calurum, 558 ; C. Haynaldia-

num, 7S0 ; C. Sedeni candidulum, 489 ;

in cold frames, 714 ; C. insigne, 364 :

C. Spicerianum. 692, 776

Daffodils, double, fertility of, 689 ;
double producing seed, 661

Dahlias, 439 ; in autumn, 562 ; Mr. C.
Turner's, 304 ; new of 1884, new single,
428 ; seedling, 370 ; single, 305, 340,
354 ; single and bees, 470, 501 ; roots,
lifting. 662 ; roots, winter protection
for, 726

Damsons, 272 ; the Crittenden, 372, 392,
472 ; the Farleigh, 300 ; Strood Cluster,
471

Darlingtonia californica, 18, 466

Dasylirion acrotrichum, 33B

Decorations, church, 470 ; Christmas,
754 ; conservatory, 782 ; dinner-table,
20

Delphiniums, 18, 22, 653

Demerara, a show at Georgetown in, 590

Dendrobium Bensonse, 144 ; D. chlorop-
terum, 648 ; D, crassinode, 236 ; D.
cruentum, 456 ; D. cumulatuni, 714
D. longicornu and D. flexuosum, 489
D. Lowii, 745 ; D. moschatum cup
reum, 780 ; D. Phalaenopsis, 396, 428
D. thyrsiflorum, 460 ; D. virginianum,
520

Dendrochilum cucumerinum, 649

Dichotrichium ternateum, 434

Dictionary of Em^lish Names of Plants,
528

Digging shrubberies, 500

Dimorphism in Aroides, 500

Dinner-table decorations, 20

Dioscoreas species, 237 ; D. retusa, 472

Dipladenia Brearleyana, 210 ; D, Elliotti,
306

Disease in Poplars, 407

Diseased Potatos, New Zealand 'sweet,
555

Diseases of Clover, 84 ; of Grapes and
Gourds, 307

Dittany, 397

Dot plants, 232

Downton Castle, 679

Downton College of Agriculture, 45

Dropmore, 165

Drosera capensis, 10

Droseras and dragon-flies, 82

Drought, incidents of the, 18

Dr. Schiich's forest administration in
India, 528

Dr. Regel, 755

Drymonia marmorata, 84

Dryness of the past season, the, 813

Dry season, effects of, 272

Dunbar, Mr. R. S., dissolution of part-
nership, 402

Dundee, the recent exhibition at, 531 ;
the disqualified bunch at, 658

Dyckia leptoslachya, 198

Earl of Pembroke Rose, 558

Eaton Hall, 743

Ecklinville Pippin, 471

Economic plants in Borneo, 753 ; in
Teneriffe, 168

Edible Cacti, 171

Edge Hall, 332, 366

Edgings to garden walks, 629

Edinburgh School of Forestry, proposed,
658

Education, agricultural, 753 ; horticul-
tural, 243

Effects of dry season, 273

Klisena longipetala, 40

Elms. 19

Eriibothrium coccineum, 489

Encephalartos viUosus, 530

Entomology, 212

Enville Hall. Stourbridge, 330

Epidendiums, 524 ; E. atropurpureum,
236; E. Christyanum, 38; E. bicor-
nuluin, 558 ; E. radicans, 780

Epiphyllura Russellianum var. Gaertnerii,

754 . ..,

Epipremnum mirabile, 532
Eremurus aurantiacus, 178, 214, 563 ;

E. Bungei, 563 ; E. himalaicus, 85
Eria bigibba, 680; E. Comerii, 428
Erica Eemula, 395 ; E. Maruockiana, 264
Eryngium OUverianum, 238
Eucalyptographia, 80
Eucharis amazonica, 694, 746
Eulophia pulchra, 102
Euphorbia Cyparissias, 469
Evergreens, 168 ; autumn planted, 810
Events of the year, 812
Everlasting Peas, 248
Exacum macranthum, 146
Exhibition, horticultural, in Berlin, 560
Exhibition, International Forestry, the,

17. 22. 39, 73. 136, 167, 199. 232, 263,

298, 374, 464, 472, 496 , programme

for 1885, 240
Experiments at Rothamsted, 114

f'ALLiNG leaves, the analysis of, 531

Kail of the leaf, 176

l'\illowfield Orchids, the, 753

Fancy Pansies from Boreatton, 371

Fatsia japonica, 786

Fawkes' slow combustion boiler, 597

Fernery and Orchid-house at Woolton

Wood, 652
Fern nursery at Sale, the, 7
Ferns in baskets, 395, 813
Kerns, the germination of, 813
Fertility of hybrids, 362, 394
Festetics, Count, 432
Fete at the Health Exhibition, 146
Fibre from Pueraria, 617
Ficus repens, 176
Field Club, the Essex, 402
Floore House, Weedon, 587
Flora, destruction of British, 219
Flora. Italiana, 560
Flora, tropical African mountain, 626
Floral colours, 722
Floral Committee at Ghent, 498
Florist and Poinologist, 752
Florist flowers, 44, 78. 152, 204, 237, 269,

331. 439- 532. 622. 660, 814
Flower-beds, dressing for winter, 690
Flower garden, the, 47, in, 175, 239,

366, 463, 495, 558, 623, 687. 751, 811
Flower pot, a new, 375
Flower pots, the manufacture of, i66
Flower shows. Balsams at, 30S
Flowering of Artichokes, 535
Flowers and aquatics, wayside, 108
Flowers and the Post-office, 82
Flowers, baskets of, 179
Flowers, Continental novelties in, 662
Flowers in season, 87, 142, 173, 267, 395,

653
Flowers, wild, 83

Forcing department (vegetables), 751
Koreign notes, 246
Forest industries in the United States of

America, 370 ; produce, foreign, 621
Forest management. Dr. Schiich's, in

India, 528
Forestry, 46, 151, 301, 334, 430, 556, 715,

720
Forestry, a school of, 109
Forestry Exhibition, International, 22, 39,

73, 136, 167. 199, 232, 263, 298, 374,

464, 472, 496 ; awards at the, 371, 377,

400, 469, 535
Footpath Preservation Society, the Na-
tional, 337
Foxgloves, 21

Frames (or tree pictures, 437
Franciscea uniflora, 304
Fraxinus arbutifolia, 536 : F. globosa, 536
Freesia Giardino Corsi Salviati, 242
French Bean, a gigantic, 662
Fritillaria bucharica, 754
Frost damages, record of, 240
Fruit and the cholera, 17
Fruit, awards to, 758
Fruit crops, 18 1 ; at Great Gearies, 245 ;

in Illinois, 238 ; our, 53
Fruit crops, reports on, 182 ; report on

the condition of the, 137
Fruit garden, the hardy, 47, in, 175,

239. 302. 367. 431. 527. 654, 719
Fruit gathering and storing, 363
Fruit growing in Colorado, 600 ; growing

in Kent, 372
Fruit in Warwickshire, 502
Fruit notes, 54, 84. 180, 245, 372
Fruit trees, pruning of, 726
Fruit trade, the French, 309 ; the West

Indian, 87
Fruit trees and autumn planting, 5°^ ;

trees at Dilton Park, 305 ; trees in

Turkestan, 377 ; trees, ripening the
wood of, 597

Fruit trees, thmning, 535 ; trees, unseason-
able blooming of. 661

Fruits and no fruits, 434 ; in Jamaica,
70 ; rare, at Cambridge, 661

Fruits, certificated, 757

Fruits under glass, 16, 78, 142, 207, 271,
335. 399. 463. 527. 591. 655, 7". 782

Fuchsias at Trowbridge Show, 277

Fumigating, 470 ; frames, 725

Fungus, meetmgs, 306 ; on ensilage, 405 ;
Tomato, the. 498

Gaillardias, 308

Galanthus nivalis var. octobrensis, 587

Galtonia clavata, 401

Galls on Ash, 441

Game coverts and underwood, 251

Garden, a Buckinghamshire, 52

Garden, alpine, the, 267 ; a Belgian,
584 ; a hotel winter, 242 ; a suburban
winter, 71

Garden, Hull Botanic, 375

Garden, the hardy fruit, 47, in, 175,
239. 302, 367. 431. 527. 591. 654, 719,
783

Garden, Mr. BrockbaDk s, at Brockhurst,
266

Garden Palms, 426, 595, 728

Garden, the flower, 303, 431 ; thekitchen.
303, 431 ; Yorkshire, a, 233, 274

Garden work, 750

Gardeners, a hint to young, 816

Gardeners and salesmen, 815

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution,
19, 117, 146, 211, 466, 490. 528, 53;,
565. 597. 627, 658, 688, 723, 753, 758

Gardeners, the health of, 17

Gardening, amateur, 17 ; at Bedfonl
Park, 44 ; in Russia, 554 ; tour, a,
135- 458. 586 ; window, at West-
minster, 50

Gardening World, the, 306

Gardens, a gossip on, 490

Garnishing plants, 596

Garrya elliptica, 365, 425

Gaskell's, Mr., garden, 436

Gatehouse Rival Pea, 114

Gauliheria nummularioides, 456

Geranium Wallichianum, 149

Ghent, Floral Committee at, 498 ; Horti-
cultural Society, 371, 753

Gladiolus Colvillei albus, 82 ; Messrs. Kel-
way's, 304 ; ripening of bulbs, 722 ;
storing, 627 ; The Bride, 402, 471, 502,

535- 814

Glasnevin, 487, 525

Glasshouse designs, 690

Glass screens, Monro's, 393

Gleichenias and Todeas, 242

Gloucester, Apples at, 372

Golden wedding of Mr. W. Heath, 371

Gooseberries, large, 2n ; market, 341 ;
on waste walls. 179 ; pruning the. 556

Govenia Andrieuxii, 230 ; G. deliciosa,
230

Graham's, Mr., Orchids, 402

Grammatophyllum Ellisii, 44

Grange, Alreslord, the, 229

Granton Quarry, AlgK of, 105

Grape congress at Chiswick, a proposed,
80 ; Gros Maroc, 397, 471, 502, 535,
626

Grapes and Gourds, diseases of, 307 ;
and Tomatos, 174 ; at the Health
Exhibition, 371 ; at Heckfield, 276 ; at
Syon, 210 ; in cool vineries, 460, 498,
500 ; outdoor, 466 ; out-of-doors in
Yorkshire, 535 ; shanking, 692, 725,
759. 778 : the colouring of, 176

Grass and Clover seeds, foreign, 306

Great Britain, agricultural returns of, 246

Green crops, blight on, 626

Greenhouse climbers, yellow- flowered, 403

Green Peas, a warning against, 50

Greystoke, 647

Grove of Spruce Firs, 338

Growth of trees and protoplasmic con-
tinuity, 786, 816

Growths, premature, 816

Gustavia augusta, 468 ; G. speciosa. 468

Gumming Roses, 566. 598, 624, 628

Gymnogramma Lathamia, 360

Haarlem show of flowering bulbs, 1885,

658
Hablitzia tamnoides, 176
Habrothamnus elegans. 535
Hasmanthus Katherinre, 528
Ha-ha walls for fruits, 214
Halesta ( Plerostyrax) hispida, 176
Ham House, 69
Hampshire Fruit Preserving Company,

lis

The Gardeners' Chronicle.]

INDEX.

iDecemlier 77, 1884.

Hatfield House, 133

Havana cigars, 716

Hazel, the weeping, 536

Heads or tails, 471

Health Exhibition, 20, 42 ; vegetarianism

at, 493
Heat, the. 2o3, 214 ; in Norfolk, 306 ;

useful, 244
Hedychiunis. hybrid, 375 ; H. Gardneria-

num, 470. 500, Si^' 627
Helenium pumiluni. 395
Helianthus cucumerifolius, 439 ; H. doro-

nicoides, 437 ; H. formosus, 690 ; H.

muUiflorus. 438
lleliocrope, a new, SoS
Hetleborus niger, 726
Hemldic sprigs and sprays, 777
Herbaceous or mixed borders and beds,

654; plants at Swanley, 116
Hereford, Apple crop in, 694
Hibiscus, hybrid, 80 ; H. syriacus, 364
Highbury, the gardens at. 519
Hildesheim Rose, the, 620
Holland House, 5
Holly, propagation of, 206
Hollyhock disease, is it dying out? 146
Hong Kong, trees near temples, 175
Honour to an Edinburgh firm, 786
Hop, Japanese, the, 720
Hops in New Zealand. 205
Horizontal tubular boiler, 536
Horse Radish, 751
Horticulture and agriculture, principles

of, 436
Horticultural chemistry, 755 ; Club, 658
Horticulture, Belgian syndicate of, 243 ;

cosmopolitan, 210
Horticultural notes in Russia, 300
Hot-water pipes, 566; and tar, 692, 735, 815
Houlletia odoratissima, 38
House and church decoration, 407
Hoya carnosa, 441
Hyacinths for early work, ^-^^ ; how to

grow, 407
Hybrids, fertility of, 362, 394, 406
Hydnum coraloides, 588
Hydrangea pubescens, 616 ; H. querci-

folia. 370
Hymenanthera crassifolia, 395
Hypericum empetrifoliimi. 115: H. rep-
tans. 166 ; H. nummularia, 148 ; H.

coris, 268
Hypericums, 199
Hypoxia colchicifolia, 649

Impatiens flaccida, 176 : I. Jerdoniae,

623 ; I. Sultani, 249. 308. 469, 596
India, a holiday trip in, 361, 409 ; as hot

as, 50 ; Dr. Schlich's forest administra-

tration in, 528
Indian corn, Cobbett's, 660
Indiarubber. 237
Industrial training, 950
Influence of stock on scion. 522
Iris, English and Spanish, iS ; some new

varieties of. 524
Iris fcetidissima, 54 ; I. hexagona, 71,

62U, 590 ; I. tingilana, 434
Insects, 312 ; and mildew, 53 ; on plants,

efTects of, 114
Insecticides. 304
International Exhibition, 1885, 430 ;

Health Exhibition. 560
Introduced plants, 629
Inventions, new, 271
Ipomosa Bona Nox, 536
Irish statistics, 239
Ivies, 176, 553 ; propagation of, 206
Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, 146
Ivy, the, 809
Ixora macrothyrsa, 267

[AFFA Oranges, 401

Jam farm, a Gloucester, 748

Jamaica and its Orchids, 168

Japan Hop, the, 720

Japanese Coniferre, 492 ; Japanese firm,

a, 370
Jasmine, fruiting of the common, 557
Jasminum gracillimum, 816
Java,Cinchona plantations in, 178
Jensenian theory. 759
Jersey, a hailstorm in, 40
jersey, Chamontelle orchard in, 395
Jersey gardens, a peep into, 11, 43, 104
Jhand tree (Prosopis spicigera), the, 594

Kenfield, 711
Kentiopsis macrophylla, 231
Kew, Royal Gardens, the, 593
Kilimanjaro, flora of, 370

Kitchen garden, the, 47. iii, 175, 239,
367. 495. 559. 633, 687, 751, 8ii

Kitool fibre, 84

Knap Hill, 423

KniphofiaLeichtlinii, 230 ; K. Macowani,
466

Ka-lreulpri.T paniculata, 401

L,t:lia anceps Hilliana, 44 ; L. Dayana,

274 ; L. Dominiana rosea, 15 ; L.

elegans var., 208 ; L. e. var. alba, 714 ;

L. Perrinii, 552
Landscape gardening and architecture,

682
Lapageria alba, a fine spike, 656 ; L.

rosea, double flowers of, 624 ; seedling,

469 ; a double, 777 ; white, 565
Larch thinning, 683
l^siandra macrantha, 627
Lathyrus luberosus, 179
Layering the Quince, 566
Laying turf, 762
Law notes : Benyon -'. Grieve and Smith,

59 ; noxious vapours, 729
Laws, the Phylloxera, at the Cape, 18
Leaf, the fall of, 176
Leifage, autumn, 658
Leaves, in winter, clean, 726 ; the falling,

649
Leeks, diseased, 593
Lespedeza bicolor, 466
Lettuces, Cabbage, 54
Leucojum autumnale, 468 ; L. roseum

var. longifolium, 468
Ligature, the Bennet safety, 722
Lilac, the, 627 ; for forcing, 179
Lilies, alphabetical catalogue of, 530 ;

Belladonna, 338 ; of scripture, the,563 ;

planting hardy, 241
Lilies, Belladonna, 338
Lilium auratum, spot in, 54, 375, 435

466 ; L. colchicum, 501 ; L. neilgher-

rensis, 276, 308
Lilium candidum, 815
Lily bed, a, 80

Lily Nursery, Dersingham, the, 170
Lily of the Valley, disease of, 12
Linaria hepatic^efolia, 272
Linden, M. Lucien, 179
Linnean Society, 595, 624, 690
Liparis decursiva, 38
Lisianthus Russellianus, 249
Lobelia salicifolia, 587
Lobelia tupa, 587
London, open spaces in, 18
London, University of, 812
Lonicera Mackii, 536 ; L. semperfiorens

minor, 178
Loughcrew, 244

Low, H., Esq., marriage of, 146
Lowther Castle, 455
Luddemann's, M., Orchids, 528
Lycaste plana, 715
Lynford Hall, 359
Lyihrum Salicaria var. rosea, 108

Maggot, Celery, 406, 470, 501

Magnolia Champaca, 468

Mainland, 11

Mango, its propagation and improvement,

the, 634
Mangroves at the Royal Botanic Society's

Garden, 523
Manitoba. Dr. Gilbert in, 658 ; notes

from, 269
Manure water for pot plants, 50
Maples, Japanese, origin of new, 50
Market gardening, at home and abroad,

720
Market gardeners of France, 231
Marriage of H. Low, Esq., 146
Mascarenhasia curnoviana, 146
Masdevallias at an auction sale, 402 ; M.

Gairyana, 38 ; M. SchUmi, 682 ; small,

525 ; M. vilifera, 723
May Island, the, 103
Meconopsis nepalensis, 598
Melbom-ne Botanic Garden, 365
Melon, Bailey's green-flesh, 535 ; and

Grapes at Longford Castle, 118
Melville Castle, 298
Memecylon ramifiorum, 786
Meredith, Mrs. L. A, : a spirited little

colony, 562
Miconia magnifica, 243
Microbes, 208

Microvegetntion of bank notes, the, 650
Middlesex, association for beekeepers, 56
Mignonette. 501

Mildew on Berberis, 308 ; beware of, 48
Milionia spectabilis radicans, 780
Mineral waters at Messrs. Kinmont &

Kidd's nursery, 434
Mogador, Citrons in, 601

Monro's glass screens, 393
Morina Coulteriana, 141
Moscow Botanic Garden, 141
Mosquitos, do they live on animal or

vegetable juices?, 171
Moth, an Apple, 300
Mounds, how formed on level plains, 215
Mountains, Lo-fanshan, the, 75
Muritham Court, 615
Mushrooms, diseases of, 245

N

Narcissi, how to grow, 203

Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus and its varie-
ties. 650 ; N. serotinus, 364 ; N. viridi-
fiorus, 816

National Auricula, Carnation and Picotee
Society, 691, 813

National Chrysanthemum Society, 146 ;
Society's Catalogue, 722

Nectarine, Oldenburg, the, 84

Nigella damgscena, 248

Nelumbium luteum, 71

Nepenthes, the, 425 ; measuring, 85 ; N.
sanguinea, 18 ; to propagate, 718

Nerine venusta, 661

Nerines at Giinnersbury, 594

New Hall, Hey, Rawtenstall, 718

New Orleans International Horticultund
Exhibition, 82

New Plants : — Aerides Sanderianum
134 ; Angroecum Kotschyi, 712 ; Ari
SEema fimbriatum, 680 ; Barkeria Bar-
keriola. 616 ; Bravoa Bulliana. 328
Buibophyllum siUemianiim, 166 ; Ca
lanthe Curtisii, 262 ; C. dipteryx, 394
Caraguata anguslifolia, 616 ; Cata-
setum Christyanum obscurum, 649
Cattleya Brymeriana, 520 ; C. in
tricata, 7 ; C. maxima aphlebia,
394 ; C. Mossise Arnoldiana, 7
C. labiata crocata, 520 ; C. guttata
Williamsiana, 70 ; Clerodendron
iUustre, 424 ; Coelogyne Rossiana, 808
Crinum Sanderianum, 102 ; Cypripe-
dium Ashburtonias expansuni, 552
Dendrobium chloropterum, 648 ; D,
cruentum, 456 ; D. virginicum, 520
Dendrochilum cucumerinum. 649
Dyckia leptostachya, 198 ; Epidendrum
Christyanum, 38 ; Erica bigibba, 680
F.ulophia pulchra divergens, 102
Govenia Andrieuxii, 230 ; G. deliciosa,
230 ; Hypoxis colchicifolia, 649
Houlletia odoratissima xanthina, 38
Kniphofia Leichtlinii var. distachya,
230 ; Laelia Perrinii, 552 ; Liparis
decursiva, 38 ; Masdevallia Gairiana,
38 ; Odontoglossum crispum Veitch
lanum, 7 ; O. stellimicans, 63o ; O,
Vuylstekeanum, 7 ; O. V. maculatum,
584 ; Oncidium aurarium, 394 ; O.
Limminghei, 394 ; O. Loxense, 584,
616 ; O. tricuspidatum, 70 ; O. ver^
nixium, 616 ; Phalaenopsis violacea var,
Bowringiana, 262 ; Piper ornatum
424 ; Primula admontensis, 808 ; Rho-
dodendron Toverense, 712 ; Scilla Belli
4:8 ; Tricopilia laxa var. flaveola, 520

New plants certificated, 756, 814

New Zealand, notes from, 172. 204 ;

vegetation of, 685
Newnham Paddox, 491
Nicotiana afftnis, 308
Nomenclature, trinomial, 112
North American vegetation, 374
Norwegian names of plants, 470
Notes from a Buckinghamshire garden,

52
Nottingham, notes from, 86
Notts Horticultural and Botanical Society,

658
Novarra, agriculture in the province of,

754
Nurseries at Langport, the Royal, 457
Nursery, Mr. B. S. Williams', 234 ;

a West Country, 564 ; Messrs. Page &

Sons', 682 ; Mr. Cypher's, 532 ; Veitch

& Son's. Chelsea, 778
Nut, the Chilian, 40
Nymphseas at Kew, 626 ; variations in,

691

Oak destroyed by lightning, 114, 168 ;

caterpillars on the, 82, 114
Oaks in the Ardennes, 22

Olituary : — Anderson-Henry, Isaac,
400 ; Bentham, George, 336 ; Bohn,
Henry, 283 ; Crowder, William, 155 ;
Crossting, John, 440 ; Fendler, Auguste,
91; Gardener, J. |., 189; Hamond,
W. Parker, 667 ; Hayes, Hon.
Francis, 504; Judd, Daniel, 761;
Leonard, Emily J., 188 ; Mathews. G.,
729; Mangles, |. Henry, 311; Ry-
lance, Charles, 283 ; Shearer, Alex-
ander, 602 ; Smith, Mary, 252 ; Toll,

George, 27 ; Voelcker, Dr., 752 ; Wil-
liams, George, 155

" Observation," 247

Odontoglossum Andersonianum, 44 ; O.
aduncum, 682 ; O. Cervantesii, 780 ;
O. cirrosum, 237 ; O. crispum Veitch-
ianum, 7 ; O. Edwardii, 236 ; O. Pes-
catorei, 332, 364, 396 ; O. Pescatorei
Veitchianuin, 236 ; O. stellimicnns, 680;
O. vexillaiium Laurenceanimj, 396 ; O.
Vuylstekeanum, 7 ; O. V. maculatum,

584

Odontospcrmnm, 305 ; O. maritimum,
393 ; O mirandum, 776 ; O. Williams-
imum, 780

CEnanthe tluviatilis, 6

Oidium chrysanthemi, 685

Olantigh Towers, 6ot

Old Sneyd Park, 588

Oleavia Haasiii, 200

Oncidium aurarium, 394 ; O. bicolor, 745 ;
O. i:heirophoruni, 8io; O. Limminghei,
394; O. Loxense, 584, 616; O. orni-
thorynchum, 810 ; O Phalaanopsis,
723 ; O. tricuspidatum, 70 ; O. vari-
cosuni var, Rogersii, 460 ; O. vernixium,
616

Oncidiums, cool house, 294 ; fur the in-
termediate-house, 363

Onion, cultivation for large bulbs, 494

Onions, 566

Opimtia (icu5 indica, 437

Orange peel. 8ro

Orangery, the, 559

Oranges, Jaffa, 401; in New South Wales,

813

Orchard-house, the, 239, 359 ; a profit-
able, 276

Orchid cultivation, 564

Orchid-house, large, at Messrs. Veitch's,
681

Orchid inflorescences, 780

Orchid prices, 178 ; pruning, 395

Orchid notes and gleanings, 15, 44, 77,
III, 142, 172, 236, 302. 332. 780

Orchids at Bocking Place, tiraintree. 77 ;
at Ferridres-en-Brie, 531 ; at Furze
Djwn, 6St ; at Lawrie Park, 524, ; at
Messrs. Veitch's, 42S ; at Mr. Bull's,
715 ; at Mr. E. .S. Williams', 602 ; at
Birchfield. FaliowfielJ, 744 ; Mr. Per-
cival's, 63 1 ; at St. Albans, 134 ; at
SiWerdrile Lorlge, 502 ; at The U plands,
Selby Hill, SsS ; at The Woodlands,
Streatham, 682 ; at Westbrook, 525

Orchids, Backhouse's unshaded, 15

Orchids, botanical, 809

Orchids for amateurs, 589. 686

Orchids, Mr. Graham's, 402

Orchids, sale of M. Oscar Lamarche's,
467 ; some high-priced, 434

Organic acids, 337

Ornamental plants, 240

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, 558

Ornithogalum gracile, 374, 406, 597

Orthocarpus purpurascens, 530

Osmanihus aquifolius variegata, 366

Oltelia ovalifolia, 178

P.«ONiES, herbaceous, 652

Poeonies. notes on, 9 ; P. arietina, 9 ; P.
Broterii, 10 ; P. coralina, 9 ; P. de-
cora, 10 ; P. Russii, 9 ; P. tritemata, 9

Page's Champion Auricula, 114

Palm baskets, 524

Palm leaves diseased, 569

Palms, diseases in, 429 ; garden. 426,
522, 595. 728, 74S

Pancratium caribsum, 816

Pandanus odoratissimus, 624

Pansies from Boreatton, 371

Pansy, the. 778

Papaver Hookerii, 52 ; P. umbrosum, 48,

83

Paper making material, 210

Paphinia grandis, 44

Paris Daisies, 691

Park, Queen's, Glasgow, the, 118

Parrottia persica, 492

Parsley, 277

Parsnip, fc'lcombe's, 694

Parsnips, disease of, 716

Passiflora coerulea, 366

Paterson, Alexander, Bridge of Allan, 560

Pea crop, the 1884, 407 ; season, a short,

147, 205 ; Wordsley Wonder, 181
Peach Alexander, 86, 117, 149, i8i ; and

Nectarines, for the open air, 312 ;

Baron Dufour, 536 ; Belle de St.

Geslin Blanche, 472 ; Conklind, 750 ;

borders, 83 ; large, 84,
Pear, Casteline, 602 ; Grand Soleil, 181 ;
Pears and Apples, root pruning of, 249

large, 534 ; orchard in jersey, 395
Peas and tlieir culture, late, 170
Peas, at Loughcrew, 248 ; early crops of,

242 ; early, 374 ; early and Iate,| 341 ;

early, Mr. Berberry's, 340 ; late, 628 ;

Sharpe's Paragon and Jeffrey's Edible

VI

The Gardeners' Chronicle,!

INDEX.

[December 27, i8Sf

Pod, 20G ; Veiich's Selected Early, 374,
407 ; Everlasting, 2-[8
Pelargoniuiii, the, 492 ; Dresden China,

210 ; Ivyleaf as climbers, 53 ; new, at

Regent's Park, 45
Pelargoniums, 684
Pellionia pulchra, 594
Penge, Polatos at, 71
Pentapterygium serpens, 4^4
Prntstemons, 52
l^eople's plants, the, 114
Pergnlaria odoratissiraa, 276
Perle des Jardins Rose, 534
Peronospora nivea, 716
Phacelia campanularia, S9S
Phaivis bicolor, 428 ; P. Roberlsii, 428
Phalaenopsis I.owi, 338 ; P. Reichenbaclii-

ana, 396 ; P. speciosa, 525 ; P. violacea,

262
Philodendron Selloum, 434
Phlox Drumniondi, 662 ; P. compacta,

85 ; herbaceous, 603 ; P. Miss Harrison,

83
Phthisis, the bacillus of, 82
Phyllocalyx cduUs, 243
Phylloxera vastatrix, 48
Phytomiza S])., Carnation fly, 667
Pine Lady Beatrice Lambton, 504 ; the

Scotch, ti2
Pine-apples in peat, 307
Pines going black in the centre, 337
Pinguicula hirtifolia, 690
Piniis halepensis, 532 ; P. uncinata, 208 ;

P. Jeffrevi, 814
Piper ornatuni, 424; P. porphyroliyllum^

438, SCO
Pipes, hot-water, 598 ; hot-water and tar,

741, 759 : semi-annular, 661
Plagianthus Lampenii, 200
Plain speaking, 626
Planera Richardi, 3(53, 435

Plant Portraits :— Abies religiosa,
2o5 : Aceras anthropophora, 206 ; Alo-
casia Sanderiana, 275 ; .l-.thionema
pulchellum, 206 ; Allium Reme-
novii, 275 ; A. macranthum, 787 ;
Anemone vernalis, 206 ; Ancniathcca
cruenta, 48 ; Aphelandra atrovirens,
275 ; Ardisia Oliveri, 242 ; Azalea in-
dica \'erva^neana, 206 ; Begonia Bed-
domei, 80 ; B. Mdme. Linden, 787 ; Bcr-
beris congestifolia, 243 ; Beschorneria
Carpenteria californica, 275 ; Decor-
teriana (Baker), 242 : Bilbergia San-
deriana, 304 ; Callimeris Albert!,
206 ; Caraguata sangiiinea, 206 ;
Cereus Engelmanni, 787 ; C. pauci-
spinus, 434'; C. triangularis, 305; Cha-
maecladon metallicuni, 787 ; Ckinatis
Fran^oise Morel, 623 ; Clcrodcndron
fcetidum, 304 ; C. niacrosiphon, 242 ;
Crinum leucophyllum, 690 ; Cypripc-
diumciholare, 622; C. Spicerianum, 206;
Dahlia Prof. Burvenich, 787 ; Dianlhus
alpinus, 622 ; Dichotriclnura ternateuni,
434, 787 ; Elasagnus longipes, 206 ;
Eremurus aurantiacus, 363, 622 ; E.
Bungei, 563 ; Erodium macradeniuni,
622 : Eucliaris Sanderiana, 206 ;
Fritillaria iniperialis var. inodora
purpure.1, 622 ; Gunncra manicata,
622 : Gymnogramnia schizophylla
var. gloriosa, 206 ; Habranthus
punctatus, 622 ; Hremanthus Kathe-
rinfe, 528 ; Helianthemum formosum,
690 ; Hydrangea peliolaris, 787 ; Hy-
pericum empetrifolium, 115; Hypocyrla
brevicalyx, 273 ; Iris hexagona, 690 ; I.
tingitana, 434 ; Ismene Andreana, 622 ;
Krempferi "ornata, 787 ; Kolreutcria
paniculata, 401 ; Leea amabilis, 20O ;
Lespedeza bicolor, 466 ; Lilium
Washingtonianum, 206 ; Lrclia anceps,
L. Dawsoni, L. Willianisii, L. I'er-
civaliana rosea, L. Barkeri, L. liilli,
L. Vcitchii, 206 : L. autumnalis var.
venusta, 206 ; Leschenaullia biloba ma-
jor, 622 ; Lilium supcrbutu and L.
typicum, C22 ; Lycaste Skinneri and L.
Skinneri var. alba, 206; Lychnis lagascre.
206 ; Magnolia Soulangeana nigra, 200;
Masdcvallia bella, 622 ; Miconia mag-
nifica, 243 ; Muscari Ileldrcichii, 273 ;
M. botryoides var. album, 275 ; M. eon-
laniinata, 273 ; M. neglectum, 275 ; .Mu-
tisia brcvifolia and M. versicolor, 622 ;
Nidularium acanthocratcr, 7S7 ; Odon-
toglossum Oerstedtii, 622 ; O. ntbu-
losumvar. guttatum,2o6; O. Roezliivar.
albimi, 622 ; Orchis pauciflora, 206 ; O.
undulatifolia, 206 ; Orthocarpus purpu-
rascens, 530; O.iytropisfrigida, 206; O.
ochroleuca, 206 ; Panax \'ictoria', 20G ;
Pentachccteaurea, 206 ; Pentaiiterygiimi
serpens, 434 ; Philodendron Selloum,
434; Phyllocactuscrenatagrandiflora:. ,
787; Phyllocalyx edulis, 243: I'inguicula
hirtiflora, 690 ; Plectranthus fo-_;tidus,
787 ; Potentilla nitida, 2c6 ; Primula
obconica, <j22 ; Pynis Maulei, Mast.,
622 ; Rhododendron Curtisi, 242 ;
Romneya Coulleri, 690 ; Salvia dis-
color, 242 ; S. paniculata, 787 ; .Saxi-
fraga aquatica, 528 ; Scabiosa caucasica
var. amoena, 179 ; Scutellaria Leh-

manni, 206 ; Sedum senipervivum,
27s : Senecio niacroglossus, 622 ; Sera-
pias cordigera, 206 ; Solanum Janiesii,
178 ; Stachys coccinea, 179 ; Streptoso-
len Jamesoni, 206 ; S. Kirkii, 622 ;
Tulipa Borsczowi, 787 ; T. Breyniana,
690 : Vriesia Duvaliana, 787 ; V. (cnc-
stralis, 362 ; V. xiphostachys, 622 ;
Vucca Whipple! violacea, 275

Plant shades, 19

I'lant, travels of a useful, 72 ; gronps, 144

Plants, alpine, 48

Plants and their culture, 16, 79, 143, 207,
270, 335, 399, 462, 526, 390, 635, 718,
782 ;' acclimatisation of, Chinese, in the
U nited States of . America, 210 ; &c., for
a town garden, 666 ; action on, by rain,
dew, and artificial watering, 422

Plants, autumn and winter-flowering,
stove, 270 ; bedding, propagation of,
270 ; blooming at the Hale Nurseries,
470 ; choice, at Cambridge, 71 ; certi-
ficated, 756; exportation of, to Ger-
many, 658

Plants, invigorating influence of light on,
248 ; nitrates in, 338 ; Norwegian
names of, 470

Plants, new, certificated, 736, 814

Plants new, see New Plants

Plants, of the Pacific Coast, 83 ; orna-
luental, in masses, 213

Plants, reports on losses' ami injuries in
severe winters, 498

Plants, respiration of, 562

Plants, Spanish, 560

Plants, the death of, 2G4

Pleiones, 460

Pleroma Benthami, 628

Plum Lady Lucy. 472 : P. Mirabelle, 307

Plumbago Larpenlae, 464

Plumetia lutea, 466

Podisoma juniperi and Rcestelia lacerata.

Propagation of the Aucuba, Holly, Ivy,

Laurel, and other shrubs, 206
Propagator, the, .'o, 76, 141, 206, 334,

366, 398, 622
Prosopis spicigera, 594
Prospects of the foreign seed crops, 82
Protoplasm, 338
Pruning, 624, 659, 683, 693 ; Ihe theory

of, 502
Prunus myrobalana, flora roseo plena,

213 ; P. Pissardi, 435 ; P. triloba fruit,

■t'- r ■

Pseudo-Larix Krempferi, 238

Psyschotria leucocephal.i, 468

Pterostyrax hispid.-' (Halesia), 19

Pyms mains pendula Elise Rathl;e, 273,

471
uUencea Gunni, 734

Q

QUEENSLANll, 30

tlueen's Park, Glasgow,
t'iueen's .Seedsmen, the.

the, 118
Siitt.'>ii S; Sons,

Quince, layering the.

5f,5

Poisonous fungi, 629

Polemonium Richardsoni, 148

Pollen, 336

Polyanthus, gold-laced, 814

Polypodium vulgare v, P. tricliomanoides,

435

Pontederia aurea, 4-0

Poplars, disease in, 407

Poppy, the Dancbrog, 147

Populus alba Picardi, 536

Portulaccas at Reading, 276

Postal box, 181

Post-office and flowers, 82

Pot, Crute's patent, 406

Pot plants, a moist bottom for, 811

Pot Roses, treatment of, 750

Potato, Carter's Ashtop Fluke, 816

Potato cultivation, 816

Potato crops, the, loi, 178 ; crop of Ire-
land, 407; crop reports for 1884, 106:
crop in Ireland, prospect of die, 85 ;
crop, the Jersey, 19 ; crop, rtport on
the of 1844, 152 ; culture, 464 ; culliue
for exhibition, 660

Potato disease, 2t, 40, 54, 117, 15°.
iSi, 214, 247, 276, 307, 407, 459, 597.

627, 757, 787 ., ,

Potato disease, practical notes on, 758

Potato, extraordinary crop, 402

Potato, International Exhibition, 457

Potato r.aising at Messrs. Sutton & Sons',
726 ; scab, 724 ; sclerotia, or Plasmo-
dia, 726 ; White Elephant, 435 ; M.ag-
num bonum, 276

Potatos, 149, 337 ; at Chiswick, moulding
experiments, 636 ; at Penge, 71 ; Car-
ter's Liliputian, 629 ; cultivated, 629

Potatos, hybridising, 628 ; hybridising at
Reading, 383, 660

Potatos in l-rance, 214

I'otatos, judging, 149 ; lifting and storing,
247

Potatos, new :— BedfontRose, 437 ; Car-
dinal. 457 ; Crump's Seedling, 457 ;
London Hero, 437 i No- 2 (Ironside) ;
447 ; No, 3 (Lye), 457 : No- 4 (Lye)
457 ; No. 6 (Fenn), 437
Lydon, 457 \ Rosebud, 437
437 ; Seedling, Floyd, 437 ;
M.P., 457; Snowball, 457;

•he. 457 . . , , J

I'otatos, raising new, in Ireland,
spotted, 63y ; seedling, 43S

Practical dietetics, 135

Practical notes on Potato disease, 738

Premature fall of leaf, 30

Preserved vegetables, 650

Preston Hall, 461

Priest, Mr., New Batde Abbey, presenta-
tion to, 639

Primroses, double, 661 ; double ( Innrse,

49-
I'rimula admontensis, 808
Primula farinosa, smut on, 248, 308 ; P.

japonica, 6G1
Primulas, disease of, 268
" Prince of Palms," the, 393
Princess | ulie d' Aremberg Rose, 538
Profits of Woodlands, GGi
Prolific Apples, 308
Propagation and culture of greenhouse

Rhododendrons, 622

Pride of

Rufus,

Seedling

Suketra,

308 ; red

kAuv Castle Cuuaiil, 243
Ragusa, %'egetable products of, 691
Railway stations, gardening at, 400
Rainfall, 338, 434 ; and the land, C26
Rain, power of the, 432
Raspberries. American, 404
Ravenea Hildebrandtii, 754
Reason why woods do not pay, 331
Respiration of plants, 362
Rhododendrons and hardy .Azaleas, 2T
Rhododendron Toverenas, 712 ; R. Cui-.
tisi, 242 : R. Griftithianum, G3G ; R.
lepidotum, 296
Rhododendrons, grafting, 439 ; green-
house varieties, to propagate, 494
Rhododendrons, propagation and culture

of greenhouse, 622
Rhubarb cultivation, 248 ; English grown
medicinal, 243

Robinias, 336

Rocket, double white, the. 2r

RcEStelia laceraH, 22

Romneya Conlteiii, 267, 690

Rooks and steeped Wheat, 816

Root fusion, 300, 373, 406

Root, the, 619

Roots, ai-rial on Vines, 21

Roots, clubbing of Sparmanni:! and Hoya,

759
Roupelha grata, 146
Rose of Hildesheim, the, 620
Rose realities, 202
Rose notes from Paris, iS
Rose Perle des Jardins, 534 ;
Julie d'Aremberg, 558 ; R
Pembroke, 538
Roses, blue, 562 ; choice, 397 ; for
autumn blooming, 396 ; for suburban
gardens, 338 ; gumming, 366, 598, 624 ;
in Melbourne, 364 ; new, 333, 337 ;
propagating, 472
Rosery, the, 233 ; Rose show fixtures for

J883, 8og
Rothamsted experiments, 114
Rouen, the National Exhibition at,
Royal Horticultural Society's

niittees, 724
Royal Meteorological .Society, 733, 816
Royal Orchid bouquet, 272
Royal woods and forests, 148
Rubus chamneinorus, 178, 204, 247, 277,
340, 406 : R. l.aciniatus, 366 ; R. leu-
codermis, 366 ; R. rosrefolius, 366 ; R.
coronarius, 366
Rudbeckia maxima, 266 ; R. californica,
266 ; R. laciniata, 266 ; R. subtomcn-
tosa, 266 ; R. pinnata, 266 ; R. spe-
ciosa, 266 ; R. hirta, 266 ; R. fulgid.i,
266 ; R. purpurea, 468
Ruellia niacrophylla, 690
Runner Beans, 247
Runner Beans for market, 147 ; sowing,

660
Running water and Bulrushes, 667
Russia, gardening in, 534 ; hortindtural
notes, 262, 33T. See .Moscow, St.
Petersburg
Ryde, Isle of Wight, 244

R. Princess
the Enrl of

321
t^oni-

SACCOi.Aniu.\i bellinum, 364

Salisbury Plain, 274

Salix rigida pendula, 336

Salvia Bcthelli, O24 ; S. di.seolor, 242

Sandal wood. New South Wales, the

Santa Barbara Vine, 270

Saraca indica (Jonesia Asora), 468

Sarcostemma Brunnonianum, 400

Sarrarenia llava, 133 ; S. psittacina,

S. purpurea, 219 ; S. rubra, 187
Savoy, Gilbert's l.'ni\ersal, 636

Saxifraga aquatica, 528, 598 j S. sholdet,

749

Scabious, 661

Schedules lor self instruction, 753

Schismatoglottis pulchra, 105

Schizophyllum commune, 403

.School Boards ami plant culture, 147

Scilla Belli, 488

Scotch Pine, the, 112 ; thinning, 6S3

Scotland, arboriculture in, 23T, 293. 328

-Seaside shrubs, (104, 739

Season, the, 50 ; mildness of, 398 ; dry-
ness of Ihe past, 813 , ,

Seasonable notes on greenhouse florists
flowers, 684

Seaweed, economic applications of, 38

Sedum erythrosticum, 468

Seed crops, prospects of the foreign, 82

Seed vessels, subterranean. 50

Selborne, Streatham, Surrey, 743

Semiannular pipes, 661

Senecilhs carpatica, 73

Senecio pulcher, 723

Shirenewton, plants in flosver at, f'vJ

.Shoddyman, a caution, 398

Shrubbery borders, digging, 300

Shrub;, and trees, hardy ornamental, 30 ;
hardy, 15

Silverdale Lodge, Orchids at, 302

Silver Fir, the, 8

Smilax aspera, 784

Smut on Primula formosn, 248, 308

Sobralia xantholeuca, 78

SOCIKTIF.S : — Bagshot and Windleshanl
Horticultural, 26 ; Basingstoke, 279 ;
Bath Horticultural. 3to, 664 ; Birming-
ham Chrysanthemum, 695 ; Bourne-
mouth Horticultural, 21S ; Braintree
and Bocking Horticultural, 90 ; Brighton
and Hove, 632 ; Brighton and Sussex
Horticultural Show, 345 ; Buckingham
Horticultural, 1S6 ; Calne District
Horticultural, 309; Caterham Horti-
cultural, 122 ; Cheltenham 409 ;
Cheshunt, 633 ; Chippenham District
Horticultural, 309 ; Chislehurst and
West of Kent Horticultural, 26 ; Chis-
wick, Turnham Green, and District
Horticultural, ^7 ; Cottagers' show at
Stretford, 341 ; Crystal Palace Dahlia
and fruit show, 342 ; Chrysanthe-
mum show, 6^13 ; hardy fruit and
International Potato show, 473 ; Rose
Show, 33 ; Cryptog.imic of Scot-
land, 345; Devon and Exeter, Horti-
cultural, 282, 728 ; Dundee Interna-
tional Horticultural E.hibilion, 346 ;
Dundee Horticultur.il, 373 : Ealing,
Acton, and Hanwell Horticultural, 88,
399 ; Eastbourne Horticultural, 249 ;
East Samford Horticultural. 377 ; Edin-
burgh Botanicil, Sg, 663 ; English Ar-
boricultural, the, 760 ; Exeter Apple
and Pear, 398 ; Farnham Royal, i36 ;
Harpendeii, a wild flower show at, 122 ;
Harpenden HorlituUural, 343 ; Has-
tings and St. Leonards, 281 ; Highgate
Horticultural, 89 : Hull and Esst
Riding Chrysanthemum, 727 ; Interna-
tional Forestry Exhibition (essay and
report awards). 726 ; Ipswich and East
of England Ilordculuiral, 23 ; Kings-
ton and Surbiton, 632 ; Lambeth Ama-
teur Chrysanthemum, 664; Liver-
pool Horticultmal Association, 183 ;
Liverpool Horticultural, 696; Man-
chester Chrysanthemum, 6(56 ; Mas-
sachusetts Horticultural, 23, 187,
218, 23r, 347, 409, 728; Me-
teorological, Royal, 816 ; Natioiial
Carnation and Picotee, 119: Na-
tional Chrysanthemum. 3C0, 630 ;
National Picotee and Carnation, Nor-
thern Section, 278 ; National Rose, 23,
T2I ; Nottingham Horticultural Floral
Fete, 38 ; Notts lloiticultural ami Bo-
tanical, 468; Peterborough Horticul-
tural and Cottage Garden, 1S3 ; Put-
ney and District, 633 ; Reading Honi-
culticul, 282 : Reading Chrysanthe-
luum, 605 ; Richmond Ilotticuhnral,
665 ; R'oyal Botanic, 786 ; Rose
.Society, the National,' 339 ; Royal
Caledonian Horticultural, 88, 760;
Royal Caledonian Hoiticullural, 376 ;
Royal Horticultural Society, 34. "8.
216, 277, 341, 302, 567 ; fruit show,
408; Royal" Horticultural ol Ireland
Summer Show, 36 ; Salisbury Rose
Show, 37 ; Scottish Horticuliur,>l As-
sociation, 36, 218, 310, .504, 309, 727 I
Sevenoaks Ilorticul'tural, 311 ; Sheffield
Rot.anical and Horticultural, ilQ ;
Shrensburv Horticultural, 281 ; South-
ampton Royal Horticultural, 184 ;
6^r ; .Staines and Egham

district, 663 ; Stoke Ntwington,
633; Stratlord-on-Avon Horticidtui"il,
344 ; Stroud Horticultur.al, 249 ; Taun-
ton Dcane Horticultur.al, 250; Torquay
Horticultural, 24; Trowbridge, 2S0 ;
Tunhridge Wells Horticultural, 37 ;
Tunbridgc Wells Chrysanthemum
show, 665 ; Twickenham Hoiticultural,
24, 695 ; Warwick Amateurs and

Tlie CirJcnei-s' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

(December £?,

Vll

Cottagers, i86 ; Weston-super-M.irc.
27y ; \\'inchesttr Horticuliural, 50 ;
Woodbridgc Horticultural. 90 ; Wor-
cester City and Amateurs HoriicuUural.
250 ; Yeovil, 728 ; York Ancient
Florists Chrysanihemum Show, 727
National Auricula, Carnation, ami
Picolee (Southern Section), j;:;4, 508 ;
N.ilional Clirysanthemum, 467 ; Na-
tional Footpath PreseiratiOR, the,
468

Soils and composts, 684

Solanum rommcrsoni, 50; S. ];ntU'sii,
17S

Sophora japonica pendula, 536

Sophronitis, the, 563

South Auslialia. 237

South AustniUan Gardeners' Society^
178

Spanish plants, 5'jo

Spain, treaty with. 624

Sparmannia and Hoya, clubbing of roots,
692

Sp.uhipliylluni Minhassa?, 501

Spergula, golden, the, 371

Spiriea palmata, S2

Spruce Kirs, a orove of, 33S

Spyers' memorial, the, 464

St. Andries. 555

St. Petersburg Botanic liauleii, 713,

745
Si. Petershnri!!: International I Ahiliiiion,

274. {See also Russia)
Stachvs coccinea, 170
Stake' Hill House, Castleton, 246
Stanclifte, 807
Slansted Park Nurseries, Begonia,^ at,

434
Starch, formation of, 235
Starling, the, 234, 307 ; and its services,

203
Statistics, Irish, 339
Stenorhynchus speciosus, 44
Stokesia cyanea, 395
Strawberries. S3 ; at Mentmore, 107 ;

Vlcomte Hcricart de Thury, 500 ; and

Vines in the same house. 722
Strealley Hill and woods, 39
Streptosolen Jamesonii, 364
Struggles between trees in Danish forests,

754
Subterranean seed vessels, 50
Sunflowers, 238

Simlight for climbers in cool houses, 54
Swanley, Begonias at, 202
Swanmore Park Gardens, 246
Sweet Brier, 406
Sweet Pea, Mr. Eckford's, 114

Sweet Potatos, diseased, New Zcit! nid,

555 . . ,

Sydney Botanic Garden, 115
Syndicate of Belgian Horticulture, 243
Syon House, Brentford, 197

TACiiiAnKNis cniinatus, 242

Tamkatra bark, 754

Tapeinotes Carolinre major, 786

Ti-chiiii-a/ Jouni.iU ibe, 786

Tedsmore Hall (iardeus, 71

Tenerifto, Tobacco in, 588

Testudinaria syKatica, 721

Thalictruni aquilegifolium, 10

Thames Iron Company, 337

Then and now, 530

Thinning Larch and Pine, 683

Thrips and Azaleas, 470

Thladianlha dubia, Cy:,^

Tichbomc, Hants. 551

Ti!ia argentea, ^-^'i

Tobacco in Tenerifle, 588

Tomatos, 30S, 470, 566 ; Chi^wick Reii.

27'j, 370 ; disease. 628, 6g2 ; fungus,

the. 408 : UacUwood Prolific, 406, 438 ;

in the open air, 530, 5^(3
Tomatos, 813
Torenia pediincularis, 147
Torreyas, 681
Tortrix Webberiana, 300
Tour, a gardening, 135, 458, 586
7'own trees, 538
Trees, struggle between, in D.iai^h

forests, 754
Tu-lu, note on (Coriaria ruscifolia), 117
Tuberoses, to grow, 538
Tubing for gas, indiarubber, 271
Tubular boilers, 628, 725
Tulasne, M. C. 588
Tulipa Breyniana, 690 ; T. Gesneriana,

20
Tulip, the, 466
Tulips, choice late, 499
Tupa Fuellei, 33S
Training, industrial, 50
Transplanting fruit and evergreen trees,

407
Tree growth, curious meidents of. 597
Trees and '^hrubs, planting, 201 ; compo-
sition for, against ravages by vermin,
4M

Trees, how to measure the height of, 83

Trees, town, 53S

Trichopilia laxa, 520

Tritonia aurea. 338 ; T. grandis, 243

Tropitolum Kmprcss of India, 147 ; T,

speciosuni, 499 ; T, tuberosum, fiqo
Turf laying, 702

rNDERWOi^n and game coverts, 05r
I 'nseasonable blossoming, 50
I'niversal Savoy, Mr. Gilbert's, ^15(1
Credo, Pucclnia and .Tcidium. 498, 534,

596, 660
Urocystis primulicola, 268

Vanda Caihcartii, 7tto ; V. Lowii. 745 ;
V. Sanderiana, 78, lift ; \ . suavis, 23'',
332 ; V. tricolor, 332 ; \'. tricolor Pater-
son i, 236

\'andas, 364

Variation, its cau.^es and eftVcts, r48

Vegetable Marrows, 470

Vegetables, certificated, 737 ; new, 438 ;
preserved, 650; two new and distinct,
31S

Vegetable products of Ragusa, 691

Vegetarianism at tlie Health Exhibition,
49S

Vegetation. North American, the, 374 ;
of New Zealand, 6S5

\'erbenas, the Dun mow, i3

\'ictoria regia, 82. 619, 753

Vine, a graft sport on a Black Hamburgh,
566 ; at Santa Barbara, 270 ; big at
Mauresa House, Roehampton, 41 ;
culture and Grape shinking, 617 ;
growing extraordinary. 370 ; influenc**
of stock on the, 566 ; roots in dry
seasons, 48

Vines, aerial roots on, 21 ; amateurs'. 432 ;
outdoors, 51 ; ripening the wood of,
370 ; seedhng, 472

Violas, bedding, 115, 149

Violets, 296, 458, 53'5 ; and WaUftowers,

341
Vilis gongylodes, 71

W

Wakefied Paxton Society, 562

Walks of grave 1 and tar, 312

Ward's patent troughs for keeping
Grapes. 109

Wat'^rcress for Londoners, S3

Wattring and mulching combined, 21 ;
in hot weather, 19

Water supply, 233 ; warm, for plants. 33

Weather aspects, 19, 52, 83. 115, 147,
170,211, 243. 274, 300,339,371,402,
■no, 467, 499, 53r, 363, 595, 626, O50,
''Or, 723, 754

Weeping Hazel, 5j')

Weevils, 233

Weichseln, 067

Wlieat crop of 1884, the, 398

Wheat grain and straw, composition of
ash oi, 553

Wild garden, a tropical, 755, 776

Wilts, cottage gardening in, 410
Winter berry-bearing plants at Mel-
bourne, 588

Wireworms. antidotes and decoy for, 298

Wood Calamander, 149

Woodlands, profits ol, 596, 661

Wood pulp in America, 371

Wood, ripening the, 272

Woods and rainfall. 363

Woods, why the\- do not pay, 334, J.qg,

r,83

Woolliope Naturalists' I-ield Club, 619
Woolton Wood, near Liverpool. 436
World's I'-xposition at New Orleans, the.

Vam.'^, 237

Yeast fungi and the Ascomycetes. 374

Vol kshire Gala, the grand, 179

Zausciineria californica, 267
" Zinconia," 783

Vlll

The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 57, 1884.

y

1ST OF

I

LLUSTRATIONS.

Abies cephalonica,, 593

Abies Webbiana, 465

Aciphylla squarrosa, 328

iEcidiura berberidis, 308 ; J^. convallariae,

Agave americana, 53

Apples, lornis of, 693

Apple moth, 300

Apple, oblate, 693; A,, oblong, 693 ; A.,

globose, 693 ; A., ovate, 603
Apple, Sandnngham, the, 725
Aquilegia glandulosa, 521
Arisasma timbriatum, 689
Arundel. 337
Audley End, the flower garden, 305

B

Beaudesert, 749

Begonia Countess Louise Erdody, 205 ;

B. Diadema, 205
Belgian garden, a, 585
Boiler, Fawkes' improved, 597
Botanic garden of St. Petersburg, 713,

717
Bouquets, Italian, 524, 525

Fernery at Woolton Wood, 652
Fir, Silver, at Rosenealh, 9
Floral pattern, a, 52
Flower-pot, a new, 375
Frames for tree pictures, 437
Fungus on ensilage, Schizophyllum com-
mune, 405
Fusiporium raucophytum, 245

Garkya elliptica, 425

Gaultheria nummulanoides, 457

Gladiolus, our native, 333

Glasnevin, buildings in the garden, 497 ;

views in the garden, 529
Gooseberry shoot when pruned, a, 556
Grasshoppers, Brazilian, 212, 213
Guevina aveltana, 41
Guttering at Stancliffe, 815

MoRiNA Coulteriana, 141

Muntham Court, views at, 625

Mushrooms, diseases of, 245

My house among the Palms (Supplement)

Nut weevil, B17

Oak destroyed by lightning, 169
Uak Lodge, Kensington, 401
Odonioglossura Andersonianum, foims

of. 44. 45 ^

Odontospeimum maritmium, 303 ; O.

Pescatorei, 332
Oidium Chrysanthemi, 685
Old Sneyd Park, views, 588. 589
Orchid-house at Woolton Wood, 653
Orchid pests, 789

Pseudo-Larix Keempferi, cones of, 24T
Phytophthora infestans, 757
Pterostyrax hispida, 177

Rhododendron grafung, 439 ; R.

Grlffithianum, 657 I R. lepidotura, 297 ;

R. Toverenae, 721
Root fusion, 301
Rose at Hildesheim, 621

Saprolegnia mucophaga, 245
Schizophyllum commune, fungus on

ensilage, 405
Scotch Pine, 113
Smilax aspera, 785
Sneyd Park, Old. views in, 588. 589
Sophronitis, the, 561
St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, 713, 717

Campanula ihyrsoidea, 105

Cattleya Reineckiana, 173 ; C. maxima,

620 ; C. Walkeriana, 701
Ceanothus velutinus, 233
Celery maggot, the, 501
Charcoal kilns, 181
Chrysanthemum mildew, 685
Clover, disease of, 84
Copiophora cornuta, male and female,

212, 213
Cyclopia genistoides, 149

Damsons, 273

Damson, Crittenden, the, 373

Dendrobium Bensonae, 145

Embothrium coccineum, 489

Erica Marnockiana, 265 ; E. asmula,

specimen of, 397
Euphorbia Cyparissias, 469

Halesia hispida, 177

Heliotropum incanum var. glabra, 809

Hildesheim, Rose at, 621

Holland House, 17

House among the Palms, my. (See Sup-
plement.)

Hydrangea pubescens, 617 ; H querci-
folia, 369

li.LUSTRATFONS of guttering at Stanclifte,

Jasmine, fruit of, 557

LiLV of the Valley disease, 13

Lynford Hall, 361

Lynford, the flower garden at, 365

Palm baskets, 524, 525

Palms, diseases in, 429

Panel of various woods, 437

Papaver umbrosum, 49

Parrottia persica shoot, 492 ; leaf and
scale, 493

Parsnip disease, 716

Peronospora nivea, 716 ; P. sph?eroides,
84

Pestalozzia niacrosperma, 429 ; P. phoe-
niois, 429

Pine, Scotch, 113

Pinus halepensis, 553 ; P. uncinata, 209

Pinus Jeffrey!, 814

Plagianthus Lampenii, 201

Polypodium vulgare var. P. trichomano-
id«s, 433

Postal box, i8i

Potato disease, 788 ; from Phytophthora,
788 ; from dry rot, 788 ; internal spot-
ting, 788

Potato, a supertuberated, 117

Preston Hall. 461

Primula disease, 268, 269

Protomyces macrospotus, 716

Pruning, specimens of, 659

Tokreva niyristica, 68r

Tortrix Webberiana, 300 ; T. Webberi-

ana, effects of attack, 300
Trer measuier, a simple, 85

URorvsTis primulicola, 268

Vanda tricolor Patersoni. 236 ; V.
suavis, Wingate's variety, 237

Ward's Grape troughs, 109

Winter moth, 817

Wood sections, 186

Woolton Wood, views in, 652, 653

/ / / THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Cstaljlisijeti i84i.

No. 549.— Vol. XXII. {skk'ks, } SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1884.

{

RegistereJ at the General ? Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. j"posT.rKEE, sjif.

CONTENTS.

Archusas

SI

Obituary

Books, notices of ..

n

(ICnanihe fluviatilii

6

Boxley Hili. M.udstone ..

11

Urchid nntes and glean-

Carnanon Souvenir de la

nigs

Malmaisxn

8

Pa;3( ies, r.o'es on ..

Calcuiia Royal Botanic

Plaiils and iheircuUure ..

TS

Garden

13

,. rew eaiden ..

-7

Chivs-anihemum scgetuin

70

Plant shaties

Til

Colonial notes

:2

Propagator, ihe ..

rn

Cucumbers gumming, a

Rocket the double white

2r

cure for . .

21

Silver Fir. th«

a

Darliogtonia califoinica ..

18

Shrubs, hardy

De'ph'oiums .. 18

22

So:ietie^ : —

Droscra capensis . .

10

ChisUhu St and West

Dinner-table decorations .

20

Kent Horticultural ..

2=;

Fern Nursery. Pale, the . .

7

Ipswich and East of

forestry Exhibition, the

Englard Horticu'tural

2i

Inlernational .. 16

23

Massachusetts Horticul-

Fruits under glass

tural

Fruit and the cholera

]6

National Rose ..

■??

Gardeners' Royal Benevo-

Torquay Horticullual .

lent Instiution ..

It)

Tw cktnhain Honicu!-

H-alth Exhibition

20

tural

7^

HoU.nd Heme ..

•;

Todeas al tl e York Nur-

Iris, English and Spanish

18

series

i8

T'rsey girden?, a peep

Tulipa Gesni riana

20

inio

11

Verbenas, tl e Dunmow ,.

iS

Lily of the Valley, disease

Vines, aeri.l roots on

21

of

12

\^'ateririg at d mulching . .

21

Loudon, open spaces in . .

18

Weather, lie

27

ILLUSTRATIONS.

/Ecidium convallariae 13

Holland House 17

1 ily of the Valley, disease of 13.13

Siher Fir at Rosenealh .. ,. o

p\A F F O D I L CONFERENCE
■'-^ ai South Kensington. — Two Large
COLOURED PLATES (19 in. x 13 /«.) oj
" DAFFODILS.' Price (,d. each, post-free Jii.
W. RICHARDS, "Gardeners' Chronicle"
Office, 41, IVelline^ton Street, Strand, IV.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS ami OTHERS.
Post-office Ordi'rs and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.
Now Ready, In clotli, 16s.,
"THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 4t. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

qpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent lor America :— C H. MAROT. 814, Chestnut .^trett,
Philadelphia, U.S.A , to whom American Orders mav be sent.

OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington. S.W.

NOTICE ! — COMMITTEEV MEETINGS. Fruit and

Floral, at 11 A M.. in Ihe Conservatory; SCIENTl FIC at i p M.

GENERAL MEETING for the Election of Fellows at 3 P.M., in

the Gallery of ihe Conservatory, on TUESDAY NEXT, July 8

N. B — Exhibitors' Entrance, west side of Royal Albert Hall.

R Y S T A L PALACE.

GREAT ROSE SH'W.
SATURDAY, Julys. For Schiduks. &c., apply,

Mr. W. G. HEAD. Garden Superintendent
Crystal palace.

IGHGATE HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL FLOWER SHOW will be held (by per-
mission of F. Reckitt, Esq ) in tTie Grounds of Caen Wood
Towers. Highgate, N , on THURSDAY, July 10 Admission
from I o'clock till 3, is. id. ; from 3 till 5, 1^. ; from s till 8. dd.
Child) en halt price. Bands in attendance Refreshments on the

Grcunds.

W. M. BURCK. Sec.

MANSION HOUSE ROSE SHOW and
FLORAL FferE, THURSDAY, July 17. In aid of
The R^yal Hospital 'or Children and Women, Waterloo Brif'ge
Road, S.E.

rr.coo ROSES ard other CHOICE FLOWERS.
Amaicur.s and Gruweis i.iiendtng to Exhibit should cim-
minicate with Mr J Fi 1R>YTH JOHNSON, go. New
Boud Sited. W. The Lady MayorCTS will be glad to receive
Cor tiibutions of Bouquets or Baskets of Flower- Cut Flowers,
or Fruit*. Tickets, 2;. 6.1". each, and other particulars, may be
obtained of RICHARD G. KESTIN", Secretary.

NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE
FLOWER SHOW. -July 23 a4and2S,
&c.. apply to

SUMMER

Ff r ."chedules.

IAS J GILI ESPIF, Secretary.
Cross House Chambers, Newcasile--^n-Tvne

N-B.-Entn.!S CIrse Fiiday July j?.

BISHOP AUCKLAND FLORAL, HORTI-
CULTURAL, and I.VDUSTRIAL SHOW, FRIDAY,
August 8. Catalogues now ready.

ROBERT W. THOMPSON, Secretary.

s

For Present Sowing.
UTTON'S P^LOKISTS'

SEEDS, post-free.

FLOWER

QUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA. The Best.

^^ "Some plants fmni your ( alctolaria seed took fiist pnz-j
here last week. I never saw anythinK; to equal thtm.*'— Sir A.
KamshY, May aa, 1884.
- '■ Price, af. ftrf. and 5^. per Packet, post-free.

BUTTON'S CINERARIA. The Best.

•^ 'We have a most splendid di-play of Cineraria-i fr ra
your strain ; as many as 145 blooms on one plant, some 2'^ inrhes
across, and all perfect in shape."— Mr. J. Watton, March 20,
1^84. Price, 2j 6-7. and 55. per Packet, post-free.

QUTTON'S PRIMULA. The Best.

k_? '^Tfie strain of Primula you sent me is the best I have
ever seen. "—Mr. S. Peakcb, December 13, 1883.
Price, IS. 6d., 35. 6d., and 51. per Packet, post-free.

s

UTTON'S BEGONIA. The Best.

Your prize Begonia was superb." — Mr. G. Coopek.
Price. 25. 6ci. and 5J. per Packet, post-free.

QUTTON'S GLOXINIA. The Best.

*^ "The Gloxinia seed germinated finely, and I never had
such magnificent flowers."— Mr. Jnq. Marshall.

Price, 2S. td and s^. per Packet, post-fiee.

s

UTTON AND SONS,

THE Queen's Seedsmen,

OEADING, BERKS.

NOW ON VIEW.— Collections of Roses,
Hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous
Plants, Fruit Trees, &c. Admission free.

WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross,
adjoining Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway.

PRIMULAS. ^^P R I M U L AS. —
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, *s 6d. per dozen, \os. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery. AltrJocham.

Berlin Lily of the Valley, finest single blooming crowns ;
HELLEBORUS NIGER. Sec..

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, Nurseryman,
• Brandenburg on Havel, by Berlin, Germany, has just
published hts Wholesale CATALOGUE of the above, which
may be obtained, post-free, from his Agents,

Me5.srs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
London, E.C.

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New (1884) and
Old English and Foreign sorts, from i8j. to 365 per dozen.
These worM-famed Roses canni.>t fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies. &c,

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
e Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free, on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friar'^, London, E C.

P)ANUNCULUS LYALLL— The finest of
•J the genus Grows 2 to 4 feet high. Flowers, waxy
whire. 4 inches across. Fiesh seed of this magnificent plant just
arrived frcm New Zealand. Price. 21. 6-^ per packet of jo seeds.
NEW PLANT AND HULB CO., Lion Walk Colchester.

Floral Commission Agency, 13, Southampton Street.
I^OTICE of REMOVAL.—
-^^ W. CALE, Flobal Commission ^^gent, begs to give
Notire to Senders, that he has REMOVED to the ABOVE
ADDRESS, where all Goods are to be Consigned.

ARGE DOUBLE WHITE CAMELLIA,

Sloefeet, handsome, for SALE or EXCHANGE for olher
Plants.— FOTHERINGHAM anb WALLACE, Dumfries.

Q QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

^^ Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^v3 giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus etabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

O U E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded ueekly.

Bankers and trade reffrences.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• i4, Han Street, and New I* lower Ma>ket C'lvent t^arden,
W.C. isopen to receive CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT Fl OWEkS in any quintities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C. have speaal facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES. LABEL?, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

G

4.OOD THINGS FOR THE GARDEN.

CARTERS' REGISTERED TRADE MARK.

QARTERS'.— JULY IN THE GARDEN.
pARTERS; CINERARIA. First Prize.

V> ' Th- Brilliant Prize Cinerariis grown fr- mCiiters -eed
by my gardener are splendid. The llowets are larger ihan a
five--h lUng piece."— H. Stringer K-q., t^eiu Romney.

' 1 send a bloom of CineT..ria which is over t iii< hes acro's.
Many of mv plants have fl wers as large as a crown." — Rtv. W.
Fakrer, Porchcster Square.
Price, IS iyd.y is 6d., 31. 6d.. and 5^. per Packet, post-free.

CARTERS' CALCEOLARIA. First PrTzZ
Canon Babincton Londotderry, -writes. May, 1884: —
" The plants of Carters' Victoria Calceolar)a aie wonderful. In
shape, form, and colour the flowers are splendid. My gardener
has been having all the neighbouring gardeners to inspect,
praise, and, I would add, envy them."

Price, 15. 6d , 21 6d., 31. 6d., and 5^. per Packet, posl-free.

LOWER SEEDS FOR PRESENT

Select LIST, Gratis and Post-

F

SOWING. See Carters'
free on application.

CARTERS, Royal Seedsmen bv Warrant,
237 and 238, High Holb-irn. Londnr, W C.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Wriic
fur R. H.VERTEGANS" Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

YACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.

The New Wholesale Trade CATALOGUE is now
ready, and will be forwarded Post-free on application. Lew
Prices to ihe Trade.

B. J. LOMANS, Bulb Grower. Haarlem, Holland.

African Tuberoses.

WM. RISLEY, Nurseryman,
Natal, South Africa,
will have ready for shipment in August next, about 200,000
first-class flowering roots of the above, and respectfully solicits
Orders direct or through his London Agent.

Mr. WM. G. MACGREGOR, Langbourn Chambers, 17,
Fenchurch Street. E.C.

From whom price and particulars may be obtained.

OUR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,
just issued, contain all the North Ameiican Lilies, Rare
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti. Fritillarias, Heuchera micrantha,
8ic., Ferns andCypripedia, tobedeliverea next autumn, to order,
at unprecedentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocusea, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBuRG BROS., BuLB GROWERS,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on applicilion.

RIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.

Fifteenth year of distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN. ,s ea'. per d- z. . loi. per ico.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage tree for
cash with order. Above ate strong and fit for potting into
3-inch pots.

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

EW AUTUMN TRADE- UST ^f
BULBS including NARCISSUS, LILIES, SNOW-
DROPS, CHIONODOXA LUCILI/E, FREESIAS. LILY
of the Valley, and a large collection of Ml SCE LLAN EOUS
BULBS and TUBERS, is now ready, free on application, to
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, N.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLeSiATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become ro inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Bedding, from 12; to 24J. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO,. Nurserj-men and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Hellehorus nlger (Christmas Eose).

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, NURSERYM.AN,
• Brandenburg on Havel, b^.' Reilin, h.^ving an immense
stock of these useful Plants, can cfler them at prices per tco or
loco which defy com. eiition. See CATALOGUE, which may
be obtained free of

Messrs. R. bILBERRAD and SON, 25, S-tvage Gardens,
London. E C.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

are strong, healthy and well-rooied.

LI5T of varieties ^iih Prices on at. plication.

" A Bofik ab <ut Strawberries," 3 f.

W, LOVFL AND SON, Strawberry Growers. DiiffieM.

Cabbage PJams— Cibbage Plants

SBIDE can now offer vrry fine Sprinjj-
• siwii Pla ts o' Noiiparei', Enfield Marker, and Cham-
pion Drumhead, or Calile CAEB.'V'iE. .^t vx. 6d per rox ;
alto very fine Auiumn-sown Red CABBAGE, all prickcd-
out plants, at 5f. per 1000. Packages free on rail for cash with
order to

S. BIDE Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Valuable SbeUs and Books.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, Kine Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY, TUESDAY, and
WEDNESDAY, July 7. 8. and 9, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, a grand COLLECTION of SHELLS, com-
prising many rare and valuable species, many of which are
unique ; together with the two splendid CABINETS of 34
Drawers each, in the best possible condition, made about
15 years ago by a celebrated maker ; and the LIBRARY of
Conchologtcal and other Natural History Works, including a
number of the Ray Society's Publications, Reeve's "Iconics,"
" British Conchology " (Jeffrey's), &c., the property of a well-
known collector.

On view the Saturday prior and morning of Sale, and
Catalogues had.

Tliuraaay Next. -(Sale 6688.)
■VANDA SANDERIANA, grand importation ;
V. HOdKKRI.
CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI,
C. NIVEUM.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, -.8, King Street,
Covfnt Ga'd^n, W.C, by urier o( Mr F. Sander, on THURS-
D »y NtXr. July lo, at hali.past la oCl > k precise y, the
finest imporlaiioii of VAND'\ SANDEKIANA ever yet
offcted, as f:'r hs size and health are concerned. The plants are
in vigorous Condi' ion, with sound, plump leaves, and fi e sound
old and new lO'ts. 'The bale will also include grand plants of
VANDA HOOKERI. CYPklPEDIUM STONEI, C.
NIVEUM, and other valuable importations.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Maine's Nursery, Stapleton Boad, Bristol.

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises as
above, on THURSDAY. July 17. at half-past is o'clock pre-
cisely, in consequence of the death of Mr. Alexander James
Maule, the COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, comprising
several plants of the new Aetides Leoni, Cypripedium insigne
Maulei, Saccolabiums, Vandas. Aiirides, and other w-ll-known
varieties; also specimen ERICAS. EUCHARIS, PAI,M«,
CVCADS, FERNS, Indian AZALEAS, YUCCAS, PYRUS
MAULEI, Stc; Rustic Terra-Cotia POTS, square BASKETS,
and other ORNAMENTAL WORK-a portion of the
Nurseries being required for Building purposes, but the
Business will be carried on as usual.

On view day prior and morning of Sale, and Catalogues had
on the Premises, or of Mr. f C. STEVENS, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Tuesday Next.

By order of Messrs. F. H .r^man & Co., of Colchester.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central
Sal,. Rooms, 67 and £8. Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY
NEXl", July 8. at half-past 12 o C], ck precisely, a very fine
and valuable importation of OKCHIDS, comprising fepiden-
drum vilelliiium majus (a superior sttain with extra laige bulbs),
Cattleyi citrina, Arpophyllum giganteum, Schomburghia tibi-
cina. Odontogloseum Rossi majiis, O. Cervantesi, O. nebu-
losum, O. Dominianum, O. cordatum, La:'ia albida, L. aulum-
nalis, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE on TUESDAY NEXT,
10 > lots of choice established ORCHIDS, amongst which will
be found several very fine species: an importation of IMAN-
TOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS from Natal,
and various lots of ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA MENDELI. LyELIA ELEGANS.
L/ELIA PURPURATA. VANDA LOWI.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are inscructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at tleir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside,
E.C.. on FRIDAY NEXT, July 11, at half-past 12 o'Clock
preci.-ely, fine importations, including large and well formed
masses of CATTLEYA MENDELI, L^LIA ELEGANS,
L^LIA PURPURATA, VANDA LOWI, and other
ORCHIDS of value.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Established Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction
Rooms. 67 and 63, Cheapside. E.C.. on TUESDAY, July 15,
the COLLECI ION of t)RCHlDS formed by N. Wills. Esq .
of Clive House. Esher. Also an unusually fine lot of
I.'VIPliRTED orchids, by order of Messrs. F. Horsman
hi Co., of Colchester.

Thursday Next.— Drill Hall, Tlvarton, Devon.

Imporiant and totally UNRF.SERVEU SALE of Splendid
HOTHOUSEandHAKDY ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
SHRUBS. PALMS, FERNS, &c.

MESSRS. AYRE BROS. AND CROCKER
are Tivoiired ■with i he,! ructions from Sir John H. Heath-
c-iat-Amiry, Bart., M-P.. to SEl .L by AUCTION at the Drill
Hall. Tivt-rtiin. aforesaid, on THUKSDAY NfXT, July lo,
at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, a valuable and attractive Coiiec-
tion of Hoihouse Exotic, and Hardy Ornamental SHRUBS,
Fl-OWERING PLANTS, PAt.MS. FERNS, &c.

The Aiiciioiieers beg to draw ihe particular attention of the
Nobility, Genirv, Piolessional and Am:iteur Gardeners, Nursery-
men, and the Public generally, to the wbove collection of Horii-
cnkural Gems, which are loo numc-rnus to fully dc'-cibe the
many magniticent specimens ofT'^red, but would mcnlion that
many of the plants offered will be recognised as halving aided
in obtaining prizes in several shows in the Wfi^t of England ;
and will be arranged in the Catalogue to suit all purchasers,
there being not th? slightest reserve.

On view from 9 to 3 o'Clock on the day of Sale. Catalogues
may be obtained one week prior to Sale, of the Auctioneers,
Tiverton and Creditoo. Should intending purchasers wish to
view the Plants before the day of Sale, application may be made
to Mr. PEEBLES, Gardener, Knightshayes.

Dated Auciion and Estate Agency Officer, Tiverton and
Crediton, Devon, June 28, 1884.

Thursday, July 10, at 12 o'clock.

Within 70. George Street, Edinburgh.
VALUABLE SPECIMEN ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. SMITH and DEWAR beg to
intimate that they have been instructed by John Gair,
Esq, The Kilns, Falkirk, to SELL by AUCTION, within
their Rooms, 79. George Street. Edinburgh, on THURSD-AY.
July 10, at 12 o't'Iock, a large and choice COLLECTION of
SPECIMEN ORCHIDS (parted with solely for want of room),
including Cattleya labiata, true autumn-flowering variety ;
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Walkerianum, grand specimen, with
thirty enormnus bulbs ; Lselia Wolstenholmia;, L. elegans Schil-
leriana splendens, Cattleya Skinneri superba, extra fine variety ;
Cattleya Walhsii, true ; some splendid plants of Cattleya Dowi-
ana and C. gigas, fifty OJontoglossum Alexandrx, good plants
and fine varieties, &c.

The Plants will be on view on July 9, after i o'Clock, and
Catalogues may be had from the Auctioneers, or from Mr. WM.
THOMSON, Jun., Clovenfords, by Galashiels, who has charge
of the Sale,

SIDCUP HILL NURSERY,
Foot's Cray, Kent,
Mist; SIM having considcrabw reductd the stork by Auction,
is anxious to FIND a PURCHASER for ihe BUSINEbS. To
any one having a taste lor the Culture of Ferns the present is
an opportunity seldom met with. Incoming miHerate

Apply on the Piemi-ts, or to Messrs. PROTHEROE and
MOKKIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, EC.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, artd Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-csiabli bed BUSlNRSS (of
over 153 years and only changed hands three llme^) of a
NURSERVMAN. SEED:.MAN, and FLORIST, cauied on
for many years past by Mr, John Sc itt, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurfcries. Merriott, near Crewkerne. and at Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse, Princes Street, Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comprise 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid louiig, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coniferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and Well stocked Greenhouses, &c.

The Residence, Offices, Stabling, Manager's Villa, and
Cottages, and a porti.jn of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well slocked, and is piovided
with newly erected and conven enily-fitted GreenhoUhCs, and
other Erections adapted for the bu-iness. These Piemises may
also he Purchased or taken on Le.iiC.

The age and state of health of ihe Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will be prepared to Sell on advantageous terms.

'Ihe Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately ii so
desiied, or the whole aff-^ir in its entirety, which would in the
latter case afifurd an excellei't opportunity for Partnership.

For tunher particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCoTI', Roval Nurseries, Merriott; or, to Messrs.
bPARK^ AND BLAKE, Solicitors, Crewktme.— June, 1884.

To Small Capitalists. &c.

ON SALE, the UNEXPIRED LEASE and
STOCK of a ROSE NURSERY, situated in one of the
best districts in the North of England— 7 Acres of Land, four
Greenhouses, and other very useful buildings. Good old-
established business. Price £^1,00. Great bargain.

Apply X. 88, Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand W.C ___^_^_

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a FLORIST
BUblNESS, nejr London. Long lease. Paiticularly
suited for any one having a shop in London. Patronised by
Royalty. Prettily and newiy erected Cottage and Greenhouses,
well stocked Garden, and near railway station.

Apply, M. C, Gardeners* Chrotdcie Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

One of the most Picturesque Gardens at

WEYBRIDGE HEATH

FOR SALE, with moderate-sized House,
Freehold. Gardens could not be formed and matched in
a lifetime. Kitchen and Fruit Garden, Woodland and Heaiher
(which grows luxuriantly on this dry sandy soil), Ferns and
Wild Flowers, and a fringe of fine old Pine Trees.

Messrs. DEBENHAM, TEWSON, FARMER, and
BRIDGEWATER, 80. Cheap^de. E.C — (38,1 16.)

TO LET, a NURSERY, 4 miles from
Covent Garden, containing thirteen modern built Houses
(about 15,000 feet of Glass), well he.ited ; 5-ioonied House.
4 stall Stable, two Van-houses, water on premises. Well stocked
with Palms, Draca;nap. Ficus, &c. Stock optional or suitable
PARTNER would be accepted.

M. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. WC. _^^

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the NURSERY GROUNDS, late in the occupation of
William Corp, consisting of 4 Acres of Land, well stocked with
a fine collection of Hybrid Peipetual and Tea-scented Rose?,
worked on the seedling and culiiVrited Brier ; Pot Rqses, &c. ;
2 l.trge Grcer.hjuses, Potting Shed, Stablf, &c,, siuiate on
Cowley Mar>h, near Oxford, about 5 minutes* walk from the
tramway terminus.

Full particiihrs may be obtained from Mr. W. KIRTLAND,
Chipping Norton, and to vitw the same apply to GEORGE
STREET, at the Ntin^ery^

Abergavenny Nursery.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the above Old established NURSERY, cofsi-iing of
i( Acies of excellent ground, stocked with Trees and Shmbs. 6
divisions of Greenhouses heated with h' t v\aier, a large number
of Pits and Frames, large Packing Shed, good Stable and Cart
Shed, Pipgtrics, &c., loi-cihtr with an excellfriit Residence,
and 10 Acres of good Pasture Land j-ining the nur^eiy. Ihe
above forms one of the most cm pact and desirable biisineas
premises to be mi^t with, and h;is been carried on by the same
family f»r nearly 70 years, and is now to Let owing to the
dealh of the I;Ue proprietor and failini; hcalih of his successor.
Stock and Fixtures lo bi; taken .it a vain tlon.

For oarticulars auply to HORACE WUODS, The Gardens,
Maindiff Court, Aberg;.venny.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E,C.

WIRKSWORTH ROSE SOCIETY.
Alfiiiaied to the National Rose Society of England
A ROSE SHOW, open to All England, will be held on
" The Lees Grounas." Wirkswrtth. on TURsD'XY July 17
when upwards of SIXTY POUNDS in PRIZES, together
with Medals of the National Rose Society, will be offered for
competition. The fine Band of H.M. sih Dragoon Guards will
be in attendance.
Admission, i to 3 p, Ri., 2^. ; 3 to 5 p.m., ij. ; after 5 r.M , dd,
A special train will run from Nottingham, Trent, Beeston
and Derby (for particulars see bills), and return tickets will
also be issued by all ordinary Midland trains, at a fare and
quarter lor the double joiirney from Nottingham, Burton-on-
Trent, Derby, Sheffield, Chesterfield. &c.. to Wiikswoith, and
from Buxton, Millers Dale, Hassop, and Bakewell, to Matlock
Bath.

a HREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL F£tE,

^ WEDNESDAY and THUKSDAY. August 3^ and ai.
FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in PRIZES, open m all
England. Twenty Plants, £.^1. £20, ^13. Schedules and full
particulars from

Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees.
Shrewsbury.

WARWICKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A GRAND HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION will be
held on the -'h jw (Iround at Siiat(ord-on-Avon on 'I UEsDAY
anJ WEDNEbDAY, September 2 and 3. Open to aii England.
Fntries close Monday, August 18, Schedule of Premiums,
Forms of Entry, and all information can be had from

Stratford-on-Avon.

Mr. A. M. COX, Local Secretajry,

PURSUANT to an ORDER
of the CHANCERY DIVISION of the Hi. h Court of
Justice, made in the matter of the estate of WILLIAM
MILES, deceased, and in an Action, Morris agaii st Miles,
1884, M. 436. the CREDITORS of WILLIAM MILES, late
of Cliftonvijle, in the County of Sus.-.ex, Flonst, who died in or
about the month of February, 1883, are, on or before the 28th
day of JULY. 1884, to send by pose prepaid to Mr. John
Vernon, oi No. 36, C lieman Street, in the City of London, the
Soliciior of the Defendant, Eliz.i Miles, the Executrix of the
Deceased, their Christian and Surname in full (uicluding those
of Partners), their Addre^s^s and Descriptioi s, the full particu-
lars of their Claims, a statement of their Accounts, and the
n-uure oi ihe Securities (if any) held by them, or in default
there :f they will be perempt rily excluded from the benefit of
the said order. Eveiy creditor boloiiig any Security is to pro-
uucc the same be'ore Vice-Chancellor Bacon, at his Chambers
at the Royal C uris of Justice, Strand, London, on the sih day
of August. 18S4, at 12 o'Cl> ck at nooD,ibeiiig the time appointed
for aojudicatiun on the Claims,

Dated this 27th day of June, 1884,

E. LlOiNcf, CLARK, Chief Clerk.

IJROTHEROE and MORRIS, HORTICUL-
-L TURAL, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, £ C, and at l^eyton-
stone, E Monthly HoriicuHural Krgi-,ier had on application.

'^1^ MILLINGTON AND CO., English

A • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

H

Double Wtiite Primulas.
B. MAY offers strong healthy Plants, fit for

' immediate potting. Price (which is low! on application.
Dyson*^ Lane Nursery, Edmonton.

TEA ROSES.— Fine Plants, in 4S's (Marc^chal
Nitl, Gloire de Dijon, and other best kinds), 505, per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kicidermln^ter.

CUT ROSE BLOOMS in variety.— Large
quantity to be disposed of weekly, sr. per loo, including
package. Cash with Order.
W. B. ROWE AND CO. (limited), Barbourne, Worcester.

Perpetual Flowering Tree Carnations.

W HOWARD, Southgaie, N., has a surplus
• Stock of bushy, short jointed, ll owe ring Pl.ints,
grown in the open air, for delivery in September next. Having
mri' e Tree Carnations a speciality for many years my Stock
only consists ot cood varieties, and, being the larj;t-st grower
of them for Covent Garden Market, they may depend on
getting the right thing from me.

Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers the following vai'ieties, in
• clean, strong, healthy plants, at \ts. per 100, 2f. dd.
per d.'2-jn, packing included (Cash with order) : — Ptcris serru-
iiita major, P. hastata, P. longifolia, Adiantum cuneatum,
Dotyopteiii palm.ita, Cyrlomium falcatum.

Dysim's Lane Nursery, Edmonton.

PAUL AND SON, The "Old^' Nurseries
Cheshunt, N.,
respectfully announce as now ready for sending out : —
ROSES IN POTS, fur planting out or culture in pots, from a

sincU of 30,oop.
NEW ENGLISH ROSE, H.P., Grandeur of Cheshuot (Paul

& Son), 31. (:.d, each.
NEW FRENCH ROSES of 1884, 31. ^d. each.
HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS, such as Dahlias, Chry-
s;inthemums, Carnation';, Pyrethrum, P.msy, Violas, I'^c,
Hardy Herbaceous Plants, and Rock Plants, at the New
Heibaceous Ptant Nurseiy »t ilroxbourne.
Notes. — The ROCKWiiRK at Kroxbourrc, adjoining
St^ition of Great Eastern Riilway, is now moit interesting.
Tfte ROSES at Cheshuni a^c now in bloom.

Descriptive CATALOGUES post-free on application.
PAUL ANn SON, The "Old" Nurseries, Chcshunt, N.,
Gieat Eastern Railway.

OFFERRDFOR EARLY ORDERS: —
HELLEf^OKUS NIGER, fine strong Pl.ints, 36 florins
per toco. Slron^; Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP/'EUM,
34 fl irin"; per 1000 : Smaller Tubur*, 14 Hi.rins per 1000. I\AR-
(■ISSUS POETICUS, 14 florins per I030. MI.IUM MAR-
TAGON, 30 florins per 1000 CVPK I PEDlUiM CALCEO-
LUS, 80 florins per icoo. VERATKUM ALBUM, 45 florins
per 1000. Seed of HELLEBORUS NIGER, 12 florins per
kilogramme. A sample of the most popular and beautiful Alpine
Plants, together with packing, and properly addresscd,»froin
CHRISTOF SLEINPOCK, Altlengbach Lower AusUhi.

July s, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

LOUISA ASHBURTON CARNATION,

WHITE PERPETUAL.

THE BEST FLOWER FOR PERSONAL ADORNMENT THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

Plants now ready, y. dd. eacli. Usual terms to the Trade.

W. J. CROSS AND STEER, 8, CANAL, SALISBURY.

MEDALS-Belfaat, 1844; London, 1851, 1862, and (Gold) 1870; Paris (Gold), 1867;
Dublin, 1865 and 1872 ; Belfast, 1870 ; PhUadelphia, 1876.

John S. Brown and Sons,

BELFAST,

LakJ

(registered trade mark)

IRELAND,

MANUFACTURERS BY HAND AND POWER OF

Table Linens, Sheetings,
Pillow Linens,
Fronting and Body Linens,
Irish Point Lace and Cambric
Handkerchiefs,

Diapers, Huckaback, and Fancy

Towels,
Glass and Tea Cloths, Lawns,
Hemstitched Linen Cambric

Frilling, &c.

All our Fabrics are made of the best Irish and Courtrai Flax, spun, woven, and bleached in
Ireland ; and the Patterns woven in our Table Linen are designed by Irish Artists, which have for
many years excelled those of any other country.

WE WARRANT ALL OUR GOODS TO GIVE SATISFACTION IN WEAR, AND THEY CAN BE
HAD FROM ANY RESPECTABLE LINEN DRAPER.

Purchasers must see that our Trade Mark Ticket, as above, is on each article.

BOULTON &. PAUL, NORWICH.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price Sd., Post Free 3Jd.

K

HLANE AND SON respectfully invite their
• Patrons and Friends to visit their Nurseries during
the present month to view their fine Collection of ROSES, now
in tull bloom. Purchasers can select from many thousands.
Standards, 15J, to i8j. per dozen ; Dwarfs, gs. tu as per dozen.
A choice and immense sioclc ol RHOPOiiH N DRONS,
Cf)NlFERS, TREES and SHRUBS. FRUIT TREE^
of all de-ciiptions extensive ORCHARDS in full bearing,
VINERIES oi all the kaoing kinds of Graces, &c.
The Nurseiies, Berkhamsied, Hots.

Daffodil, Daffodilly, Daffodowndllllea.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALUGUE of more
than 300 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free of

KELWAY AND Son, Langport.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price Liit settt free to any address oh receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, xs. plct., is. td. per oz.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, u. td. pkt., us. 6d, per oz,

Daniels' Little Queen, superfine early dwarf, is. td. pkt,,s,i,6i/. oz,

DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing.

Daniels' Golden Rocca, fine straw-coloured skin, \s. (sd. per

packet, 35. td, per oz.
Danielb' Giant Rocca, weight a to 3 lb., is. per 02., loj. per lb.
DanieU' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and best Silver-

skm Onion known, is. 6d. per packet, 35. dd. per oz.
Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, Sd,

per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed MerchantB. NORWICH.

GRAPE VINE S.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO,

(JOHN COWAN) Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON.

have this Season a splendid Stock of Grape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catalogues, with full particulars, on application.

Wmi^j^^iilmMmm

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

'T'HE HOME OF FLOWERS.

-*- The most instructive and interesting display of Flowers
in England will be found to comprise such an array of colour
as never before seen. BEGONIAS. PEt.ARGONIUMS.
ROSES. FUCHSIAS, COLEUS, GLOXINIAS. VER-
BENAS, BALSAMS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS. PANSIES,
VIOLAS, DELPHINIUMS, SWEET WILLIAMS, RA-
NUNCULUS, ANEMONES, &c., and all the best HER-
BACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS aie now a erand sight,
including all the numerous FLORAL NOVELTIES, &c. All
supplied at the very lowest Prices, consistent with quality and
C(jrrectness.
Send (or a CATALOGUE.

H. CaNNELL and SONS, Swanky, Kent.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT HERE REFUSE.

^d. per bushel ; loo for 25;. ; truck (loose, about z tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel ba^s, ^d. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, sr. id. per sack:
5 sacks. 255, ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 22J. ; sacks,
^d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. grf. per bushel; rsi. per half
ton. 26r. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, i,d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. Write for Free
Price LIST.-H. G. SMYTH, 2t, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
StoyePlants,&c.,;(;66i.per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, ISJ,
per ton per Truck. Sample Bap, sj. : 5 Bags, 22j. fid. ; 10 Bags,
45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 105. td. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fme, 52^. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Famborough Station, Hants.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, IJ. per Bag ; 15 Bags, \^s. ; 30 Bags. 255,, sent to all
parts ; Truckload, 25J , free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT,
A. FOULON, 3a, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Koyal Gardens, Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, \s. yi per
sack ; 10 for \is., 15 for 175 , 30 for 30J. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), ■^3* Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 55. per
sack ; 5 for iis. 6d. Biack Fibrous Peat, 4J. td. per sack ; 5 for
20s.: sacks 43. each. Cr^arse SilverSand, is dd. per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. MANURES of all kinds.
Fresh Sphagnum, 6s. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels.
Russia Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the
market ; Cloth, Zd. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely
by us, jod. per lb.. 28 lb. 21s. Write for Price LIST.

W. HERBERT and CO.. The Hop Exchange Ware-
houses, SouTHWARK Street, London, S.E., iale 19, New
Broad Street, E.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, iS

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HOR TICUL 7 UR AL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET. WESTMINSTER, S.W ;

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AM)

GREENHOUSE?,
in Word and Iron.

pfsii

'vjiS;=»;-:ji

f<— t:-

.)-

W'

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
•with Prices, Post-free.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by His Royal Highviess the Prince o( Wales.

Baiiksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazhd. Old Woodwofk Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber'^, Westminster. S.W.

Illustrated C;ii.tl ■p.'i'^s of Art Conservatories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford. Essex.

London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C

Cucumber Frames.

EH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — {, s. d.
a-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p„„i,:„^ ( 3 »o o
3-lightframe, I2feetby6fect ^pff^fre^ 5 5 o
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet \ ^^^ "" ( 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick piis at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY AND CO.. Hoihouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121. BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.

pa

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. wdl ^ivc Estimates for
itvery description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, tree of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW RUCKWORK material in various
colours. .

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, t'heapside, E.G..

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths^ and stages,
ient post-free on application.

SPLENDID NEW NARCISSUS INCOMPARABIUS GIGIANTEUS,

''SIR WATKIN."

TB£ GREAT WELSH CHALICE FLOWER.

First-clasB Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, April 8, 1884, under the
name of Narciesus iccoiuparabilis " James Dickson."

Without doubt the largest and finest Daffodil known in breadth ot perianth, contour
colouring, and fragrance, eclipsing all others. There are in the flowers those qaaliiies which
will make it an universal favourite for the outside gaiden, while its value for cutting purposes can
scarcely be over-estimated.

*' SIR WATKIN " will be distributed during the ensuing season. Orders now being booked
for execution in strict rotation. __^

Price, 3s. 6d each; SBs. per dozen ; 250s. per 100.

Tiie Rev. C. WOLLEY DOD, says in a Letter dated

April 1, 1&84 :—
"With regard to the grand fljwers of N. incomparabilis,
fhown me at your nursery yesterday, I have n ver seen any-
thing in its way nearly so fine. As soun as you have Bulbs for
sale I shall be glad to hive some at your own price, as I am
impatient to test it in my soil."

Fram 'The Journ.^l of Horticulture,"
A/rit 17. 1S8+ :—
" Distinct in an unusual degree from the multitude of the
Chalice DaffLidils is the magniftceni variety represented in
fig- 73 (page 299)- The flowers are of wonderful size, with a
noble and imposing appearance, which at once attracts
altcnlion,"

F. W. BURBIDGF, Esq., wri/es in "The Garden."
Jl/.iy 24, 1884 : —
" This is without doubt the finest of all the Peerless Narcissi,
or Chilice Flowers. This is sa^ ing a great deal, hut it is true.
This finest of all the Chalice Flowers will soon be a welcome
guest in all good gardens where Daffjdils are grown."
FriJm "The Gardeners* Chronicle," Afirit 26, 1884: —
" This remarkable flower, which I consider the finest Daffodil
novelty of the season. Its merits consist not so much in ihe
wider expai.se of the flower as in its great substance, but the
most remarkable character is the width of the crown, as compared
with thi propoitions of that of th; common N. incomparabihs.
From " The Garden," A/>ril 12, 1884 : —
" Vhere is a great future for this Daffjdil."

Coloured Plate post-free tp intending Purchasers, on application.

JAMES DICKSON &S0N,"NEWTON" nurseries, CHESTER.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

which are now ripening Large Crops of Frmt.
A. FINE COLLECTION OF ROSE S~ IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 2.50 for the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBEIDG-BWORTH, HERTS.

THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6688.)

VANDA SANDERIANA,

GRAND IMPORTATION;

VANDA HOOKERI, CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI,

CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM.

TV/TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great

Rooms, 38, Kins Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
THURSDAY NEXT, July lo, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the finest importation of
VANDA SANDERIANA ever yet ofifered, as far as size and health are concerned ; the Plants
are in vigorous condition, with sound plump leaves, .and fine sound old and new roots.
The Sale will also include grand Plants of VANDA HOOKERI, CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI,
C. NIVEUM, and other valuable importations.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hid.

AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,

LONDON, W.C.

JBLY 5, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Lalng's
Flower
Seeds.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our choice Sirains are unequalled.
Primula, white or red, u. and ts. 6J. per packet.
Begonia, Calceolaria, Cyclamen, is. Sc 2s. 6^i. ,,
Glt'xini.i, Cineraria, Pansy, is.6ti. and -25. 6a. ,.
Mignonelte, 6J. per oz. ; Sweet Peas, 4(/. per cz,
A-ters, Stocks Dahlias. Petuuias, 6ii. & is. per pkl.
Wa'lflowets, Zinnias, Marigolds, 3</. per packet.
Seedsmen, Forc-t Hill. S.E.

F

ORESTRY

E^

XHIBITION.

THE SUBSCRIBERS invite inspection of
their EXHIBITS in the GREAT BUILDING
of the above, which comprises an exhaustive
COLLECTION of HARDY TREE and
SHRUB SEEDS, some remarkable Cones
Grown in the great Pinetum of Dropmore and
elsewhere, sections of European, American, and
Colonial Woods used in the Arts and Sciences ;
practical Foresters' Tools in dailj'- use on
Noblemen's Estates, &c.

In the Open Grounds their Exhibits comprise
a very large Collection of Medium-sized
SPECIMEN CONIFEROUS.DECIDUOUS,
and EVERGREEN TREES, SHRUBS,
HOLLIES, &c,. Planted Out and Plainly
Labellsd.

Attendance will be given, CATALOGUES
furnished, and all information in reference to
Estate Work generally may be had.

J^ITTLE AND "DALLANTYNE,
NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN to the QUEEN.

AND

WOOD FORESTERS to HER MAJESTVS
GOVERNMENT,

CARLISLE.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, cur Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-. E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

CoUections unnamed, our Selection :—
Singles. G 21/-, H 18/-, J 18/-, K 12/-. L9/- per doi.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen,
tingles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30'-, O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers. Forest Hill. S.E.

'■po THE TRADE ONL Y.—

-L NORTH AMERICAN LILIES.-LILIUM COLUM BI-
ANUM, HUMBOLDTII, MARITIMUM. PARRVI, PAR-
VU.\I, PARD\LINUM in 3 varieties, RUBESCENS, &c :
WASHINGTONIANUM— all m sound condition. Extra fine
bulbs will be supplied to order, next autumn, at unprecS'
<icntedty tino rates. See our New LIST (No. 68). just issued.
NORTH AMERICAN BULBS. — ALLIUMS. BRODI-
^■iS, CALOCHORTI, FklTILLARIA, TRILLIUMS, and
others, including some new varieties.

MISCELLANEOUS Plants In variety, includinc such
Xoz'etlies as CLINTONIA ANDREWSIANA. IT.NO-
THERA OVATA. HEUCHERA MICRANTHA, RO.vlAN-
ZOFFIA SITCHENSIS, VIOLA CHRVSANTHA. &c.

FERNS, Cypripedla and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, from

North America, are in like manner offered to order in this List.
Our General Trade CATALOGUE (List. No. 69. just issued)
contaitis quotations for Liliuoi auratum and other Japanese
Bulbs, to be delivered jiext autumn, and includes a great
number of other Lilies. Miscellaneous Bulbous Plants, Iris,
Narcissi. Maples, Orchids. &C-

NEW PLAJJT and BULB CO., Lion Wa'k. Colchester.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
cffer iheir choice strain of the above Inteiniediate Stocks
in five colours. Scarlet, Purple, White. Critrson, and Snow-
white, wall-leaved, in packets, u , ns. dd., and sj. each cobur.
Price lo the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

EXOTIC and BRITISH F£KNS

and SELAQINELLAS,

suiuble for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety.

CATALOGUE of over 1000 SPECIES and VARIETIES
may be had free on application.

Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, the best ever pub-
lished (price \s ), contains copious Hints on Fern Cultivation,
many desaiptions and much valuable information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

o
o
o

o
o

o

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of WUte Begonias.

Seedlitigs from three beat whites, large tubers,
per dozen lai. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

R C H I D EX H I B I T I O N.

Perfectly lovely.

R C H I D 1e X hi BTTrO~N.— Surpassing

imagination

RCHID exhibition.— "A scene of the

gre.'ilest orchidic beauly, b.iflling desciipti n. and, we
had almost said, defying exaggeration." — Catdeners'
Chrui-cle, May 17, 1884.

RCHIDS. — "A display of wonderful ra^g-

i\\fict:ucc."^yournai 0/ /{orticuiinre. May :<.}, 1E84.

RCHIDS. — Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S

ORCHID EXHIBITION Open to the Public every
MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY, lo to
5 o'clock, throuRhout MAY, JUNE, and JULY. Admis-
sion each day, 2^ 6d ; Season Tickets, \os,

R C H I DS.— PrTiVATE V I E W of

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S ORCHID EXHIBITION
every TUESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY,
10 to 5 o'clock, throughaut MAY, JUNE, and JULY,
to Patrons of the Establishment and those having re-
ceived invitations. — Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, 5.W.

RCHID EXHIBITION.

sights of London.

RCHIDS. — Must be seen to be realised.

O

O

QRCHIDS.— Perfeclly marvellous.

o
o
o

One of the

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION is worth

going any distance lo see.

o

o

o

o
o
o

RCHIDS. — But few have any idea such

marvellous flowers are in exiit^'nce.

RCHIDS. — Specimens in Flower from

Me-ticri, Colombia, J ipan, Madagascar, Peru, Bume •,
and various parts of the East Indies.

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION at Mr.

WILLIAM BULL'S is quite astonishing and en-
chanting : many beautiful kinds new to Science and this
country in blossom. The Exhibition is not only unparalleled
in connection wilh Horticulture and Botanical Science,
but one of the most beautiful iights in London. —
Establi-hment for ]New and Rare Plants, 536, King's
Road, Cbehea, London. S.W.

RCHIDS.— Private View every TUESDAY,

THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, of Mr. WILLIAM
BULL'S EXHIBITION of ORCHIDS to those who
have received invitations.

RCHIDS.— OPEN to the PUBLIC every

MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY, lo to 5
o'clock. Admission each day, w. 6d. ; Season 'Jickets. loj.

RCHID EXHIBITION.— An unparalleled

s'gh'.

RCHID EXHIBITIO N.— Simply

astonishing,

R C H I D EXHIBITIO N, at Mr.

WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Bare
Plants, 5?6, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nur.serymen,
• Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) of Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants for
1884 and 1885, is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Fimisf^. The
Catalrgue, although givinc only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 pa^es 8vj, in two columrs and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. The
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

NEW ROSES for 1884.

Cranston's
NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited)

ARE NOW ISSUING THEIR

SPRING CATALOGUE,

Which will be forwarded free on application.

It comprises a Selection of the best

NEW ENGLISH and FRENCH ROSES,

A choice assortment of TEA-SCENTED,
NOISETTE, and other varieties suitable for
Spring Planting, also CLEMATIS, BEDDING
and HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1884.

HOLLAND HOUSE.

FIVE HUNDRED travelled people," said
Sydney Smith, "had found HoUai.d
House, Kensington, the most agreeable house
in Europe," and he shared their opinion. The
modern fame of this noted residence dates
from its restoration by Lord Holland at the
period of his return from foreign travels in
1796. As to its earlier history the Manor of
Kensington belonged to the De Veres, whose
pedigree genealogists have deduced from Noah.
Part of the present building was erected about
[5oy_i6io by Sir Walter Cope, whose heirass
married Sir Henry Rich, who was first created
Baron Kensington, and then, in 1624, Earl of
Holland. During the Civil War in 164S the
Earl, being then a Royalist, was captured,
imprisoned in Warwick Castle— the seat of his
elder brother, who had been created Earl of
Warwick— and beheaded in Palace Yard, West-
minster, wearing a white satin waistcoat, and
cap with silver lace. The two earldoms of
Holland and Warwick were both inherited by
the son of the first Earl of Holland, and his
son Edward, sixth Earl of Warwick and third
Earl of Holland, dying, left a widow, the
Countess of Warwick, who married Joseph
Addison.

Here the most charming of our essayists, the
author of " Sir Roger de Coverley," died of
asthma and dropsy, or, as Walpole, the gossip,
has it, of brandy !— a story not quite consistent
with his sending for the youthful Lord Warwick,
and saying to him, " See in what peace a Chris-
tian can die !" In 1621, Lord Warwick died,
and in 1627, Stephen Fox, the founder of the
Fox family, a choir-boy at Salisbury Cathedral,
and afterwards the Paymaster-General of the
Army, was born. Evelyn said of his great for-
tune that "it was honestly got and unenvied ;
which is next to a miracle." We cannot write
his history, and must only briefly say that in
I7i6hedied at his villa at Chiswick, where
Charles James Fox, his grandson, died ninety
years later. Two of his nine sons were respec-
tively created Earl of Ilchester and Baron Hol-
land, and the former seat of the Rich family
passed by purchase to Henry Fox, the first Lord
Holland, in 1767.

The modern history of Holland House com-
mences with its restoration in 1796 by the third
Lord Holland, that genial and accomplished
nobleman, who described himself as the
" nephew of Fox and friend of Grey ;" and to
this house the eyes of the world have been from
that time directed. During forty years, from
the times of Byron, Fox, and Sheridan, to those
of Lords Melbourne, Russell, and Houghton,
there was hardly a distinguished Englishman
or foreign visitor to this country who did not
become the guest of Lord and Lady Holland.
With the omission of his own prominent figure,
Macaulay has himself painted a striking picture
of the society they assembled around them.
The grounds of this famous residence now
include a park so admirably fenced and

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[July j, 1884,

Planted that none would imagine, except for
the occasional murmur of trafific, what a
world of streets and houses lies near.
Their extent has, by necessity, grown
smaller. The original manor of the De Veres
consisted of 500 acres, but more than four-fifths
of this wide space has now been built upon.
The site of Little Holland House, worth ^20,000
per acre, has been long since devoted to the
crop which, at Kensington, exceeds all others
in profit. The area of the kitchen garden
between the house and Addison Road has been
considerably diminished by the erection of a
good house called Oak Lodge, whose ample and
ornamental grounds occupy, it is said, the site
of the old Manor House, with its moats or stew
ponds, and of the monastery. The name of
Addison Road speaks for itself That of Mel-
bury Road was derived from the name of Lord
Ilchester's chief seat in Dorsetshire ; and Lord
Ilchester, being the descendant of the eldest son
of the founder of the Fox family, will inherit
Holland House. It is surprising how secluded
the walks and lawns here still are, especially the
Green Lane which passes from Melbury Road
to Notting Hill, and is a greener lane than is
often seen, the grass below being densely over-
arched by Elms, interspersed with the Maple
and Sycamore. On the occasion of the Scot-
tish fites, which some may remember, the
Queen and Prince Consort passed along this
beautiful green drive.

The English Elm is here the favourite tree.
Mr. Dixon, the excellent gardener, has found
that the Holly does not thrive here as an under-
growth to large timber, and he has successfully
replaced it with the hardiest of our shrubs, the
Elder. The black Italian Poplar has been
found to defy the smoke as well as the Plane
itself, and has been planted here as a substitute
for that tree. On all occasions kings should
take precedence, and in describing the grounds,
Louis Philippe's Walk should have been first
mentioned. That illustrious exile came to
Holland House as a friend and visitor, and
Queen Amelia resided here in 1862, after the
death of Lord Holland. The bust of Napo-
leon I., near the alcove where Rogers sat,
reminds us of Lord Holland's and C. J. Fox's
personal friendship with the Emperor, which
later members of their family enjoyed in the
case both of the third Emperor Napoleon and
of the other banished ruler just mentioned.

The house, being a square block, has four
sides ; the southern, and the best side, is
relieved by the wings and arcades, built by the
Earl of Holland ; and here will be found
a columnar specimen of a tree always wel-
come for its foliage and novelty — the Gingko
adiantifolia. The Dutch garden is on the
west side, with borders edged with clipped Box
in good condition at eighty years of age with-
out having been relaid, in spite of the recent
wet summers, which the Box dislikes. On this
west side, close to the house, are several speci-
mens of the Judas Tree, which produces its
flowers on the old wood before the leaves
appear : one of two standards has a girth of
4 feet at 4 feet from the ground. A wall divides
this curious old Dutch garden from the north
lawn, and is planted on the sunny side, where
the poet Rogers loved to stroll, with Peaches,
Nectarines, and Plums. It would grieve a
strolling poet, this year, to discover no Plums on
any of the standards here except on Denyer's
Victoria and the Prince of Wales, which are
full. The Oranges have suffered from the wet,
cold seasons, for the summers that suit our
agriculture suit our Oranges as a rule. The
Dutch garden is completely secluded by means
of another wall, or bank of trees and protecting
shrubs on the south side. At the end furthest
from the house is an evergreen arcade covered
with Ivy, and beyond is a flower garden which
has been devoted to the Dahlia, of which the
third Lady Holland was one of the introducers.

bringing Ithe seed from Spain and sowing it in
this very garden in 1804. This is what her
husband said on the subject : —

" The Dahlia you brought to our isle
Your praises forever shall speak,
'Mid gardens as sweet as your smile,
And in colours as bright as your cheek."

Other accounts say that Lady Bute's first
introduction of Dahlias in 1789, as well as
Lady Holland's, failed, and that the plant was
reimported from France in 1814.

Princess Marie Lichtenstein says, very
prettily, in her work entitled Holland House,
that this picturesque arcade " has a secret
which the Ivy is trying to keep," and she then
discloses that the stables stood here close to
the lawn where the garden parties are held,
and close to the refreshment-room, till the third
lord partly removed them, leaving only those
massive arches which the Ivy now decorates.

The main entrance is on the east side, which
is divided from the north lawn by a screen or
wall, made elegant by the tiles which fill its
panels, and which the late Lord Holland pro-
cured in Florence, where he resided as the
English ambassador. To reach the lawn on
the north you pass a double flight of steps
through gates hung on piers designed by Inigo
Jones, and here you enter an extensive lawn
sloping gradually upward from the house into a
hill surmounted by an old and mutilated Cedar
tree, which the authoress just quoted pourtrays
in her book as one of the shattered veterans of
her former home. In the same delightful
volumes there are frequent illustrations of the
house and grounds, and minute descriptions of
the interior of the house.

We have only space to notice further among
specimen trees of interest growing here, almost
in London, a weeping Ash, with many curious
contortions of the trunk, a Catalpa syringifolia
introduced at the same time as those at Hamp-
ton Court and Sion House, a Liquidambar, a
Kentucky Coffee tree, Gymnocladus canadensis,
a noble Platanus orientalis, and a Service tree.
Pomegranates, grown in boxes like Oranges, are
rather novel and very pretty shrubs, used here
for terrace decoration. The most remarkable
clump of trees is that known as the Cedar Grove,
consisting of Cedars of Lebanon of large size,
but somewhat damaged by the atm osphere of
London, and now more remarkable for age and
the associations attaching to them than for
beauty. The Cedar is common in the Thames
Valley, but this particular group has been
honoured probably by the presence of more
good company and distinguished men and
women, than any other on the Thames or else-
where. Addison must have strolled beneath
them in their youth, as well as most of the
great men and writers of the last century, who
would hardly fail to visit the spot where the
great master of elegant prose had dwelt.
Charles James Fox must have looked at them
fondly when he came, shortly before his death,
to bid the Green Lane and his early home a last
farewell. Nelson and Wellington saw them, no
doubt — the first in their greener days, and the
other hero later on, when the three kings whom
he served had been succeeded by Her Majesty,
and the Cedar trees, like himself, were stiffening
with age. These trees could tell us, had they
language, of Byron's beautiful face — the ideal
of a poet's countenance, Scott called it.

They could describe the personal appearance
of scores of men, whom illustrious painters have
idealised on canvas. Lord Beaconsfield attended
church in a country village on a cold morning,
and the people thought him pinched, yellow,
and exceedingly ugly. He stands in bronze
outside Westminster Abbey, and in marble
within it, untouched by cold and chills, and ex-
ceedingly handsome. One would like a little
discriminating gossip from the Cedars about
Burke and Pitt, Bufifon, Humboldt, Count Rum-

ford, Brougham, Washington Irving, Madame
de Stael, Mettemich, and the other lumi-
naries, English or foreign, who have strolled
here upon the turf during the sway of the
famous Lady Holland.

One would like to hear them, too, on the
subject of the more recent people and events of
the Victorian period, and especially one would
like a description, if it could but be obtained
from them, of the present Lady Holland's garden
parties. These aristocratic gatherings are held
near them on the west lawn under their shade, and
that of several other sorts of trees, as various as
the individuals of the distinguished crowd that
gathers beneath them ; some homely, others
ornate ; some very useful, others good for
nothing, except for show. The site seems to
have formed part of an orchard once, and there
still remain the Apple, and Walnut, and other
old fruit trees, with the Oak and the Ailantus
and other specimens. The tent for the Royal
family is pitched under some Walnut trees,
while the band is placed in an Oak grove. The
Cedars, having eyes, might have seen the
Queen, on these occasions, a guest among
1200 or 1500 of her most fortunate lieges, who
are privileged to attend such fetes. And on
this side the gay scene certain Royal children,
a few years since, might have been observed
enjoying with great delight the special amuse-
ments provided for their entertainment. But
young people are not alone in their admiration
of Punch and Judy, the Marionettes and danc-
ing dogs, and such grave statesmen as Glad-
stone, Disraeli, Hartington, and Lowe have
been observed in this part of the grounds
intently watching the fun.

These same Cedars, too, must have witnessed
the rambles and the meditations of those more
intimate friends who, on quiet days, sought the
retirement of these green retreats. The poet
Rogers had his favourite seat hard by, within
an Ivy-covered alcove, which now bears on its
wall the following inscription : —

" Here Rogers sat, and here lor ever dwell,
With me, the pleasures that he sings so well."

They must have seen, too, Cetewayo and his
four chiefs, jovial and loud, a little lamed by
their unaccustomed boots, but rollicking and
full of laughter, as of beef Among all the
flowers the huge monarch most admired the
Salvia patens, that flower of deepest blue which
has but one fault, that it stays with us, like the
nightingale, only a short time. It is sad to
record that all the Cedars have suffered from
smoke. There are several in the grounds, not-
ably in the Dutch garden, which have been so
seriously shaken by age and London life that
strict taste would perhaps condemn them to be
felled, but Lady Holland, with kindly sym-
pathy, refuses to pronounce their death warrant.
May they still stand many years I

We ought to mention a rapid run through
several houses, none very new, where Mr.
Dixon grows, with much skill, the large quan-
tity of flowers required of him. H. E. [For an
illustration of the garden, see p. 17.]

CEnanthe fluviatilis. — This is considered in
some botanical books to be a mere variety of CE,
Phellandrium, but is so decidedly different as to deserve
specific distinction. The members of the genus are
remarkably various in their habit, ranging from those
that frequent firm and comparatively dry ground to the
present one, which has its foliage more or less entirely
submerged in running water. The finely divided
leaves with wedge-shaped leaflets together with their
dull green colour are so suggestive of a Filmy Fern,
that the plant is well worth cullivating by those who
can command a running stream. The leaves and
stems, especially when bruised, emit an agreeable
Parsley-like odour. It is rather a rare plant, being
confined to the southern half of England, and perhaps
one place in Ireland. There is a figure of it in
i.nglisk Botany, t. 2944, and clumps of it occur wild
in the brook Colne, Hounslow, Middlesex,

July s, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

em

w mt\\[^.

CATTLEYA INTRICATA, «. hyb. nai. f
Ah, those dreadful "uniques"! They are the
pride of collectors, the despair of poor botanists,
who have to name them. The habit of this most
recent riddle is that of Cattleya intermedia as I ain
informed by its actual excellent possessor. The
flower makes one think of those of Cattleya inter-
media, the narrow sepals and petals being lightest
white-rose, the lip is that of L.-elia elegans picta,
only that the sharp-angled, long side-laoinix are
white, the free blade of the mid-lacini^e wuh abrupt
stalk, of the deepest warm purple. Column light
rosy. Pollen of a Cattleya.

The plant has puzzled Mr. S. Low himself, whose
eyes are so much accustomed to judge bulbs of our
pets. After a long, vexing meditation I cannot but
endorse Mr. S. Low's view, that it has the strains of
Cattleya intermedia and Lcelia elegans. I expect
the future possessor of this rarissima avis will have
less anxiety with it than either Mr. S. Low or I
have endured about it. If. G. .Rchb. f.

Cattleya Mossi.^ Arnoldiana, hort. Sand.

I have received two very 6ne flowers of this.
Sepals and petals lightest while-rose. The lip is
rather narrow, and thus approaches rather that of Cat-
tleya Luddemanniana. Its basilar part shows very
dark purple stripes, mid and anterior part, excepting
the front part, a light mid-Hne and very 6ne orange
stripes on a lighter ground, the front part sulphur,
with a very few small purple lines, thus presenting
the character of Cattleya Mossice.

I feel but too happy that the possessor, Mr. R. P.
Pefcival, informs me the plant has a name in Mr.
Sander's catalogue of a certain sale. The question
is if it is a member of a certain equal staff, or if it is a
single individual. It has, Mr. R. P. Percival tells
me, ordinary Mossia^ bulbs, and was sold at the same
lime as C. Reineckeana and C. Wagneri. Qui vivra
verra. H. G. Rchb.f.

Odontoglossum Vuylstekeanum, k, hyb. nat.

A grand thing. Take an Odontoglossum mulus
sulphureum, give it a lip much dilated at the top,
and add the i^harp edges of the petals of Odonto-
glossum Wiickeanum. The whole is sulphur coloured.
The few blotches, however, of the odd sepal, petals,
and lip are deepest richest dazzling orange, the lateral
sepals are of that colour except their base.

I was exceedingly surprised by the extra beauty,
and so were my orchidia visitors during the last days.
One, however, bitterly complained of Mr. Vuylsteke's
not selling his best uniques. I regard this a matter
of taste. As to me, I well know this is no botanic
species. It is one of those painful riddles we shall be
puzzled by till Messrs, Veitch reveal the question
by a few thousand flowering mules, produced by
Mr. Seden's laborious work and careful notes. As
it is, the bright royal beauty wants a name for horti-
culture. I name it with great satisfaction in honour
of Mr. Vuylsteke, of Loochristy, Ghent, who sent
50 many fine things to the grand exhibition of St,
Petersburg, though the greater part did not appear,
having been detained by unexpected impediments,
ff. G. Rchb.f,

Odontoglossum crispum Veitchianum,
K. var.

A grand beauty, including and connecting the cha-
racters of Chestertoni and fastuosum. Petals and
sepals unusually broad, petals tooihletted. Both
petals and sepals are white, mauve and purple-cin-
namon coloured. The last colour is confined to few
lobed brown blotches. They lie chiefly on white
discs, which are separated from the white borders by
a zone of mauve, toothletted outside. And this zone
is most curious in the petals, where from the presence
of fine darker stripes there is an effect of colour
that makes one think of velvet.

The history is short. It belonged to Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons. Proud of the beauty they
exhibited it as crispum mirabile. Now came Baron
von Schroeder, of The Dell, Staines, who appears to
have taken possession of the beauty by putting, if not

his banner, yet his carte de visile^ on the plant.
Struck by the analogy of this with Odontoglos-
sum Pescatorei Veitchianum the Baron declared it
would be well to have it called Odontoglossum crispum
Veitchianum : I glady accept this Schroederian nomen-
clature— a flattering compliment both to Mr. Harry
Vciich as to the everlasting splendour of the grand
Veitchian establishment. In this time of eager
competition arrives a competitor, Mr. F. Sander,
who sends one of the arcana of his firm, a rather
well dried wild grown flower, as the same. For
me it is quite distinct, since the lobed blotches appear
undoubtedly mauve, and the lip is a little acute (not
blunt) though very broad, so that it cannot be
regarded as Ruckerianum. H, G. Rchb, f.

THE FERN NURSERY, SALE.

Perhaps the majority of the horticultural fraternity
are more familiar with that modest and truthful notice
in the advertising columns of the horticultural papers,
"Ferns a speciality," than they aie with the
most beautiful and varied collection of Ferns
which Messrs. W, & J. Birkenhead have now
brought together in their nurseries. I had long
promised myself the delight of inspecting their
collection, and the event came off at last, and
although I went with large expectations they were
more than fully met with the rich and varied
multitudes of ferndom there associated. A veritable
Fern world I said one to oneself, all the while filled
to overflowing with the joy which arises from a true
appreciation of the delicate greenery, and infinitude
of differentiations revealed in Ferns. Here they are
by the thousand, everything elbowed out of the way,
and for the matter of that elbowing each other out of
the way, until every inch of available space is replete
with interest and beauty. Many old friends are recog-
nised, and many new ones observed ; indeed one was
immensely struck with the rarities and fresh species
and varieties here assembled, each and all forming
part and parcel of the life of their fortunate possessors.
Come here ye members of the gardening fraternity,
and ye who admire Fern life, and confess your
ignorance of the numerous gems Dame Nature has
been pleased to pass into existence without the
adjuncts of floral dress ! Confess also, ye members
of the fraternity, your lack of taste {forgive me,
refined taste I mean), because so few Ferns are grown,
when so wide a field of beauty presents itself to select
from I The idea amongst gardeners in this utili-
tarian age seems to be *' Ferns for cutting." I would
fain urge "grow Ferns for themselves." But I must
proceed to mention a few of the best and most
striking Ferns noticed during an examination extend-
ing over ten hours — a time far too short — but a very
rigid selection must be made to keep oneself within
reasonable limits, for to mention anything like
what is here to be seen would be compiling a
huge catalogue — a matter so admirably accomplished
by Messrs. Birkenhead in their Fern catalogue,
which is a work of art and replete with valuable
information, and one was happy to see it duly appre-
ciated in the pages of the Gardeners* Chronicle very
recently. The utilitarian Ferns are here in enormous
quantities, while the enthusiast will find much that is
unsurpassed, I venture to suggest, even in our national
collection at Kew, which, by the way, one is happy
to learn has improved so much of late. Without
further appearance of digression I will note the
good things seen in the

Home Nursery. — Here are several low, mostly
span-roofed houses filled to overflowing, and let us
first walk through the propagating-house, and just
fancy what meets you — countless multitudes of spore-
lings in all stages of infant happy growth I — what a
host in thimble pots, other hosts in pans, others not
pricked off, while multitudes are in their humble
prothallic condition working out the reproduction of
the Fern world I "Hidden and unseen," crypto-
gamic or "obscurely wedded " members they of the
green world, as the sagacious Linnaeus' name suggests.
Here broad masses of Adiantum macrophyllura,
cuneatum, gracilHmum, fulvum, polyphyllum, Asple-
niums, Gymnogrammas, Nephrodiums, Cheilanthus,
Gleicbenias, Pteris, the new and very striking
Selaginella grandis, meet you on all sides, and beneath
good batches of Gleichenias are being raised from
spores. A most charming lot of G. flabellata was
especially attractive, while many varieties also find a
congenial home.

It seems well-nigh impossible for one to write sys-
tematically regardmg this collection, for the forms
which arise before one's vision are so numerous — each
deserving mention. It will be best perhaps to pass
the primary genera in review, and begin with the
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantums). A. Luddeman-
nianum is especially attractive, with its agglomerated
pinnx and dark slender stipes — perhaps the most
distinct Adiantum of hybrid origin ; it does best in
an intermediate temperature. A. dolabriforme,
grown in baskets and pyramids of pots inserted one
in the other, is extremely pretty, with its crescent-
shaped pinncc and elongated fronds bearing at the
extremities young plantlets, which under proper con-
ditions will speedily form pretty colonies, A. cauda-
tum is another species admirably adapted for baskets,
also producing plantlets. A. neo-caledoniae, one of
Messrs. Birkenhead's introductions, is very distinct,
with deltoid tripinnate fronds. This was fully
described, I think, in the Gardeners* Chronicle by
Mr. Moore. A very fine batch of A. Victorice, so
dwarf and handsome, with broad, cuneate pinnules,
quite distinct, was especially noticeable, while the rarer
Henslovianum was also in good order, A. Seemanni
and peruvianum were well represented, as well as A.
princeps, velutinum — a magnificent species — Wilsoni,
amabile, rubellum, venustum, pellucidum, Williamsii
— these three being stepping-stones one to the other —
Lathomi, the rare reniforme, sulphureum, aneitense,
speciosum, and a host of others, were all in excellent
health, and mostly in strong force. Before leaving
the Adiantums, I must not forget the charming little
A. Capillus- Veneris daphnites, of which there is a large
lot of most beautiful plants ; also the North Ameri-
can A. pedatum, of which there are two distinct
forms, one of which may be regarded as normal,
having flat pinnules, while in the other the pinnules
are distinctly curled upwards, and if one may be god-
father I would propose that it should be named
crispum. Adiantopsis radiata is so much like a
Maidenhair Fern that one may be pardoned for
naming it with them, but really it belongs to a
section of Cheilanthes. It is a charming Fern, and
never have I seen it in better condition than at Sale,
all the plants being in the best possible health, with
their pretty radiating fronds. Being a native of
Tropical America, this plant is grown in stove heat.

The Spleenworts also muster in strong force both
as regards the number of varieties and plants. There
are several South African forms which are by no
means satisfactorily identified, and it is quite likely
some fresh species may turn up. A. affine and species
or varieties clustering round it are especially worth
attention. There is also an excellent variety of A,
furcatum, named laceratum, which is very graceful in
appearance, and is certainly one of the best cool-
house Spleenworts in cultivation. A. bulbiferum is a
very scarce plant ; the plant usually supplied as such
is A. bifolium, which is here largely grown ; and a
most useful subject it is, A. luxum, resectum, Fer-
nandezianum, and flabellifolium, are also temperate
Ferns of the first merit ; while too much praise cannot
be levied upon A. rutsefolium, which we have never
seen so abundant anywhere as at Sale ; handsome
plants in all sizes plainly reveal its decorative and
most useful character. I quite think this will ulti-
mately prove itself one of the most useful of all Ferns,
Nice batches of the rock Spleeuwort (A. fontanum)
and the Pyrenean A. fissum are attractive ; the latter
is a very pretty species, while septentrionale, ger-
roanicum, and the queer little Seelosiiare represented,
with many other hardy or frame Ferns. Glancing at
the stove Aspleniums we notice the graceful alatum
also the old and much too seldom seen A. Belangerii,
Here, too, are A, abscissum, Baptistii, cicutarium,
formosum, heterodon, longissimum — excellent for
baskets or mural pockets — and the charming vivi-
parum, the latter one of the best case Ferns in culti-
vation— all of which are most attractive kinds. The
Bird's-nest Fern, A. nidus, and the charming little
A. obtusilobum are also well grown ; the latter is
arranged in pot pyramids, and very pretty it looks.

Cheilanthes, Nothochlaenas, and Pell^eas constitute
a most interesting series, and it is when amongst
these gems that the blood of the enthusiast reaches
fever-heat. I mention these together because, in my
opinion, they should be grown together, and further,
because I regard them as a beautiful group. Of the
former genus there are many kinds. Fancy the exqui-
site beauty of the " Lace Fern " (C. elegans), as it
droops over the shelf upon which it stands, each frond
a picture of beauty ; this species is especially well
suited at Sale, Other species of Cheilanthes we

'8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JULY 5, 18S4.

admired and made note of are gracillima, tenuis,
viscosa, alabamensis, callfornica, Clevelandii, the
very rare Eatoni and Fendleri, lanuginosa, and the
extremely scarce Lindheimeri (a most charming
species), multifida, Sieberi, lomentosa, viscida,
aod Wrightii ; these, with others, formed a most
interesting series, which might well engage one's
attention for a much more extended period. C.
Eatoni is a very pretty species. Accommodated with
them was a charming batch of the rare Gymno-
gramma hispida with its triangular jwoolly fronds ;
also a few plants of the rarer G. vestita from the
Indian hills, and some of the Californian G. trian-
gularis. The species of ( Nothochlo^na are also
numerous ; especially noticeable vpas a fine batch
of the little golden-fronded N, flavens, and the
silvery N. nivea ; also Eckloniana, rufa, sinuata —
a very lovely species, with the underside of the fronds
densely clothed with silvery scales ; while well worth
mention are Candida, dealbata, Grayii — a very rare
and and pretty species — Lemmonii, the charming S.
European Maranta Newberryi, and the very scarce
Parryi, which perhaps is scarcely found in any other
collection. The Pellieas are also well grown, and
numerous; indeed it would be difficult to know
where to find such another lot. Take the more
familiar European P. atropurpurea, or the Bird's-foot
Pelliea {P. ornilhopus) from California as examples;
here they are in good numbers, and quite happy,
and the same may be said of the charming P.
calomelanos, andromedifolia, densa, the rare and
very charming Bridgesii, Breweri, geranifolia, intramar-
ginalis, and the ever-graceful ternifolia with its pretty
arching fronds, the stipes of which pass through the
glaucous pinnee, while that very scarce North
American, P. Wrightiana, is quite at home, pro-
ducing excellent fronds ; and we must not forget a
handsome variety of the old P. rotundifolia named
cordifolia. The pinnos are oblong, cordate at the
base, and well developed plants are most attractive.

A house is devoted to filmy Ferns, and here in
the greatest luxuriance are the Todeas, excellent
specimens of superba, Fraseri, and pellucida — the
latler extremely beautiful. Several species of Tricho-
manes and Hymenophyllum are in excellent con-
dition ; the Killarney Fern is charming, especially
the variety dissectum. The curious and pretty T.
reniforme is also well grown, also the rare little T.
Petersii of Carolina, and auriculatum, crispum, veno-
sum, and Luschnalhianum. Among the Hymeno-
phyllums demissum flexuosum, pulcherrimum, Tun-
bridgense, &c., a frame outside of the latter planted
out is in admirable condition, also frames of Todeas,
which were out during the winter and subjected to
frost, which, however, had no prejudicial effect upon
them.

Davallias are largely grown, and one met with
many good things. The useful D. fijiensis is largely
grown, but as a decorative species this is superseded
by its variety plumosa, which produces larger,
broader, and more copiously divided fronds, and is in
every way a more vigorous grower. One very distinc-
tive characteristic Mr. J. Birkenhead pointed out was
the peculiar disposition of the very scaly rhizomes to
grow perpendicularly, or nearly so, and not prostate,
as in the normal form, hence good plants are attached
to portions of stems. D. Kunzei and D, solida are
also well grown, on blocks of cork fastened with
copper wire. The rare little D. parvula and D. hete-
rophylla are also very happy, as well as D. hirsuta,
D. chrerophylla, and D. bullata. D. Mooreana is
largely grown in all stages.

Space will not permit me to specialise any other
genera, but some other varieties can scarcely
be passed over without notice, and first there is
the distinct and beautiful little Aspidium mohrioides
— a veritable little gem, a picture even of Fern
greenery, with its deep green oblong-lanceolate fronds
with densely imbricated segments, coming to us from
Patagonia and the Cordilleras of Chili, and which is a
cool-house or case Fern par excellence. While with
the Shield Ferns I may mention an Indian form of A.
falcatum, approaching, but quite distinct from A.
caryotideum ; the pinnce are broader across the base,
the terminal one especially, and more deeply lobed ;
ihe apices of the lobes and lateral pinna; are elon-
gated, almost caudate — it is a most effective kind, but
not yet ofT^-red for sale. Lastrea Richardsii mul'ilida
is a very effective Fern, and grown in quantity. Poly-
rodium glaucnphyllum is a very handsome species,
the back surface of the fronds being very glaucous. A
most striking Fern exists under the name of Pleo-
peliis fossa, producing very variable fronds, some

simple, others sparingly lobed, while others are freely
lobed, the plants presenting a very distinct appear-
ance. P. pictus is very handsome, and the rare little
Drymoglossum piloselloides is very happy grown on
blocks. Gymnogramma Wettenhalliana is very
pretty, and abundantly grown ; and we saw the
handsome decomposita and the silvery peruviana in
the best condition. Sadleria cyalheoides and pallida
are both rare small Tree Ferns. Dicksonia daval-
loides Voungi is a very handsome large growing
variety, admirably adapted for the embellishment
of a large rockery. Doryopteris sagittifolia alcyonis
is a very distinct and striking Fern, the fronds being
curiously divided. A Nephrodium under the name
of N. molle Sangwelli, is we believe quite new even
to literature— it certainly has some affinity to molle,
but the fronds are broadly deltoid, and superficially
the plant is quite distinct from molle ; a large
number of molle corymbiferum are grown, a very
handsome Fern, reproducing itself from spores. One
is always reminded of a trite saying, which is accredited
to Mr. Baker when first examining this form " Dear
me !— molie is gone mad ! "

Hardy Ferns.— These are mainly grown in a
branch nursery, but one's time was far too short and
nothing more than a cursory glance was enjoyed, but
sufficient to know the collection is very rich, composed
of thousands of the best varieties, including the North
American Osmundas, in grand condition, Struthio-
pteris germanica, broad masses of the Oak Fern, in
the happiest luxuriance, the Beech and Parsley are
also strong]} represented. Almost countless are the
forms of the Lady Fern, Scolopendrium, Polystichum,
Lastrica, and Polpodium. Several houses and
frames are crowded with them, while broad quarters
are planted out beneath small trees. Indeed this
as well as the other nursery is a real Fern world
where countless differentiations are to be seen and
admired. But I must leave and draw this imperfect
sketch of one of the richest collections of Ferns to a
close ; by strongly urging all Fern lovers to
avail themselves of the treat afforded at Sale ;
it feeds the most finely strung enthusiasm, a
treat greatly enhanced by the hospitality of the
Messrs. Birkenhead. I may mention a curious
instance of Ivy growth to which my attention was
drawn by Mr. William Birkenhead : a strong shoot
founditswayfromthe outside, through the wall, into the
sitting-room, where it was encouraged, and has made
excellent growth, being trained inside the window.
If memory serves well I think it has been inside two
years. By what method of growth was the shoot
thus forced through the wall ? Why did it leave the
air and sunshine ? Plcris,

CARNATION SOUVENIR DE LA

MALMAISON.

A SUPERB lot of this beautiful plant is now in
bloom in Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's well appointed
garden at Ascott, where they present a most lovely
sight, and give, perhaps, the best example of what
can be done with it which has ever been heard of.
The whole of a span-roofed house 42 feet in length
and in two compartments is entirely filled with stout
bushes of this Carnation, every one of them furnished
with stout flower-spikes, each bearing many buds
and blooms, the latter varying from 3 to 4^ inches
in diameter, and giving ofT the most delightful odour.
The sight which meets the eye as it glances over the
enormous uplifted heads of delicate blush blooms is
indescribable, and the beauty of the flowers is well
shown up by the stout healthy foliage of the plants,
which is also assisted by a neat edging of Isolepis
gracilis. Nothing in its way can compare with the
beauty of this plant when it is well grown, and few
plants are more remunerative to grow for cut flowers
with those who cultivate it successfully, but unfor-
tunately by far the greater part of those who attempt
it fail ; we are therefore glad to be able to give Mr.
Jennings' method of treatment, as similar proceeding
should ensure a like result, and such a result leaves
nothing to be desired in connection with Souvenir de
la Malmaison Carnations.

In the first place, Mr. Jennings propagates fresh
slock every year, only saving the old plants until
sufficient young _oncs are obtained; thus the grand
show now to be seen in plants from i foot to \\ foot
across, is from plants not yet quite a year old. In the
second place, Mr. Jennings ab.vays gets his young

stock from layers. Beginning in the first week in
July, all the plants which have done flowering are
plunged, pots and all, in a cold pit, in rather fine soil
composed of loam, peat, and sand, and the grass is at
once layered in it. The lights are left off the pit, but
are kept ready to put on in case of heavy rains, as too
much water is found to be detrimental to the free
rooting of the layers, and causes them to die off. In
about a month the layers are ready, and those which
are not ready are not of much use, as the slow rooting
ones are always stubborn. The whole of the bed is
therefore gone over about a month after layering, and
the good layers potted into 6o-size pots, and are
still kept in cold pits. During the summer they are
potted on as they require it until the month of
September, when the last shift is given into 32's,
24*s, and i6-si2e pots, according as the prospect of
each plant may seem to indicate. The compost used
on each occasion is turfy loam about two-thirds, and
peat and sand one-third, with a dash of soot added to
the whole : this last is a great check to the wireworm,
which often plays such havoc with this plant. At the
close of the summer the lights are put over the plants,
and they are kept in the cold pits throughout the
winter and removed to the houses in April, there to
remain until their blooms are over.

Several new forms of Malmaison Carnation have
been introduced, of which a few are grown here,
but there appears to be only one of them tolerable —
the pink one, and that can well be done without. A
sight of the wonderful display which Mr. Jennings'
skill has conjured up at Ascott would set anyone
eager to grow Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnations ;
let us hope that this note of his mode ol treatment
may be useful to many who have been vexed afore-
time with it.

THE SILVER FIR.

Among the most useful, and at the same, time
ornamental, of our timber trees must be ranked the
Silver Fir. Its dark green foliage, noble boles
covered with bark of so pale a colour that it has
given the name of Silver Fir, and its irregular branch-
ing head give it a distinct appearance. The silvery
character of the bark is espacially obvious when the
bark is wet with rain or dew. A ride through the
forests of Eastern France, even in a railway train,
will enable the traveller to form some idea of the
noble proportions and shining colour of the tree. Our
illustration (fig. i) is taken from a photograph by
Mr. Vernon Heath of a Silver Fir growing in the
Duke of Argyle's grounds at Roseneath, Dambaitot-
shire, probably the one which at the date of the pub-
lication of Loudon's Arboretum was 124 feet high. It
shows one character which, though by no means un-
common, yet always seems to excite surprise even
among foresters. We allude to the growth of erect
branches like leaders from some of the horizontal limb?.

Some Firs are much more prone to this than others,
particularly the MenziesFir and the beautiful Ajanese
Fir, Picea ajanensis. If these be examined in spring it
will frequently be found that small shoots spring in
an erect position (_L) from the branches. On the
ordinary shoots the leaves are arranged principally
into two rows, as may be shown thus — Q — » *^^
circle indicating the branch, the lines the leaves ;
but on these erect shoots the leaves, instead of being
all twisted so as to form two rows, retain their original
character and diverge on all side=,-)(-. Such shoots as
these usually either fall oft', or they become horizontal
like the rest, and then the leaves likewise become
more or less two-ranked. It will be remembered that
this two-ranked arrangement is only a seeming one, for
the leaves originate on all sides, but some of them
become twisted so as to form two rows. On the
leader shoot the leaves are not twisted,
and come off on all sides. These little erect shoots,
as we have said, generally disappear or lose their
character, but sometimes they persist, and then pro-
duce the appearance such as is shown in the fine tree
in our illustration.

The timber of the Silver Fir, especially when
grown singly, is softer than that of the Spruce or
Scotch, and hence is less valuable for building pur-
poses where durability is required, but for ordinary
indoor carpentry work, charcoal. Sec, it is well
adapted. In this country it prefers a moist, but not
too stiff soil, and a damp shady situation. Neverthe-
less, it is somewhat spring-tender when young, and is
very subject to lose its leader. It is of slow growth,
and is in perfection as a timber tree when it arrives at

July j, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

100—120 years of age, but Gtigor mentions many in-
stances of trees of no — 120 feet high in various parts
of England and Scotland, which have produced 200
cubic feet of timber at seventy years of age. It is said
to have been introduced into this country in
1603, by Serjeant Newdigate, who planted them at
Harefield, Middlesex, where they were seen and
noted by Evelyn,

The Nordmann Fir, Abies Nordmanniana, is
probably only a geographical variety of the common
Silver Fir, and from its hardihood, robust character,
and rapid growth, bids fair to be superior as a timber
tree to the common Silver, and to be handsomer also.
In fact, there are few if any trees known to us, which,
from the few data we have at command, are more

bitemate, with nine distinct oblong acute segments, the
side ones i — ij inch broad, the end one sometimes
2 inches broad, and reaching a length of 3 — 4 inches.
Peduncle short, so that the flowers do not much overtop
the leaves. Outer sepals foliaceous, lanceolate, simple ;
inner obtuse. Petals 6—8, obovate or suborbicular,
2 — 3 inches long, crimson or rose-red. Follicles 3 — 4,
rarely 5, spreading from the base when fully mature,
decurved, densely viUose, \\ inch long ; stigma small,
scarlet, folded together, recurved.

Spread as a wild plant across Europe from France
to Asia Minor. Not so well known in gardens as
P. officinalis. In company with Russi and triternata
it may be known from all the other species by its
leaves, the segments of which, casual exceptions

rica, Andr., Bot. Rep., t. 486; Bot. Mag., t. 1441 ;
Anders., Monogr., No. 7. — Root-tubers thick. Stem
ij- a feet long, glabrous, never more than i-flowered.
Leaves 5 — 6 to a stem, glabrous, pale green above,
glaucous beneath, with broad oblong or obovate leaflets,
obtusely rounded at the ape.x, with a small cusp, not
confluent at the base, the side ones often a inches broad,
and the end one obovate or orbicular, 3—4 inches long
and broad. Outer sepals foliaceous ; inner obtuse.
Petals 6—8, obovate, rose-red, 3— zj inches long. Fol-
licles a— 4, densely tomentose, spreading from the base
when mature ; stigraaa small, ovate, folded together, re-
curved.

A native of the Caucasus, Asia Minor, and the
Crimea, It is a near ally of F, corallina, with which

FlO, I,— SILVER FIR3 AT ROSENEATH, DUMBARTONSHIRE,

promising than this, but We are at present absolutely
without information as to the value of the timber.

NOTES ON PEONIES.— IV.

SuBGENtJS II. Py€ONiA PROPER. — Stems herbaceous.
Root a cluster of fusiform fibres. Disc not
produced into a cup.

Section 3. — Follicles tomentose, spreading when mature
from the very base.
17. P. corallina, Retz., Obs., iii., 34 ; Anders.,
Moncgr., No. 6 ; DC, Prodr., i., 65 ; Reich., Ic. Germ.,
lab. 128, fig. 4745; Engl., Hot., tab. 1513, 3d edit., t.
so. P. mascula. Miller, Card. Diet., edit, vi.. No. i. —
Tubers of the root fusiform. Stem 2—3 feet long,
glabrous, never more than i -headed. Leaves 5 — 6 to a
stem, glabrous on trath sides, moderately firm in texture,
dark green above, pale green beneath, the lower simply

apart, are quite distinct from ofie anotlier at the base,
and nine in number in the fully developed lower
leaves.

18. P. Russi, Bivon, Man. Sic, iv., r2 ; DC, Prodr.,
i., 66 ; Gren. and Godr., Fl. France, i., 52. — Stem
I — ij foot long, always i-headed. Leaves thin in
texture, green and glabrous above, pale green and
densely pubescent beneath, the lower exactly bitemate,
with nine ovate or oblong distinct acute segments,
I — 2 inches broad, the end one 3 — 4 inches long.
Flower like that of P. corallina. FoUicles 3 — 4, finely
pubescent, spreading from the base when mature,
finally i\ inch long.

A native of Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, and Algeria.
Scarcely more than a variety of F. corallina,

19. P. triternata, Pallas, Nov. Act. Petrop., x., 312 ;
DC, Prodr., i., 65 ; Ledeb., Fl. Ross., i., 73. P. coral-
lina var. triternata, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i., 97. P. dau-

Soissier now unites It. The name daurica, under
which Anderson describes it, was given to it under a
mistake as to its native country. Anderson remarks
upon it, " Though in general habit a good deal re-
sembling P. corallina, it is nevertheless essentially
distinct from that species in having the leaves always
rounded, partially cordate, oblique and much undu-
lated ( whereas those of the former are more or less
pointed, and nearly flat, the spherical, brownish-
black, reticulated seeds, and the yellow tint of its
leaves, stalks and germens, would otherwise charac-
terise it. Its leaves are diposed to wither at the
points, and to remain longer on the stalks than those
of the others. Its flower is of a pleasant pale rose
colour. Amongst seedlings it is seen to vary in the
degree of undulation of its leaves, but retains its
essential character throughout."

ao. P, arittina, Anders., Monogr., No. lO ; DC,

10

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, i8

Prod., i., 66. P. tartarica, Miller, Gard. Diet., edit, vi^
No, 5 (Icones, t. 109). P. cretica (Clusius), Sabine ;
Lindl., in Bot. Reg., t. 819. P. lobata, Reich., Ic.
Germ., t. 123, fig. 4741 a, non Desf. — Stem 2 — 3 feet
long, hairy upwards, wiih never more than a single
flower. Leaves 5 — 6 on a stem, green and glabrous
above, pale green, or rather glaucous and pubescent
beneath, the oblong or oblong-lanceolate segments
copiously confluent, and not more than i — 1^ inch
broad, about thirty in the fully developed lower leaves.
Corolla dark red in the type, 4 inches in diameter.
Follicles 3 — 4, densely tomentose, ovoid, spreading
almost horizontally from the base, when mature i inch
long, h inch diameter; stigma small, dark red, re-
curved.

This is well-known in gardens, but it is not dis-
tinct from peregrina in a broad sense, and no doubt
IS included under that name by Boissier and other
authors of Floras from the various regions of
Southern Europe. Millet's figure just cited repre-
sents excellently the ordinary garden form of the
plant. P. cretica is distinguished from the type by
"its dwarfer habit, flesh-coloured flowers changing to
nearly white, and shining coriaceous flat blistered
leaves, which are very glaucous beneath."

21. P. decora^ Anders., Monogr., No. 9; DC,
Prodr., i., 65; Boiss., Fi. Orient., i., 98. — Stem 2— 3
feet long, glabrous, not bearing more than a single
flower. Leaves 5 — 6 to a stem, pale green or slightly
glaucous, red at the margin, glabrous, or slightly pilose
beneath, the segments numerous and very confluent, 30
— 40 to the fully-developed leaves. Outer sepals broad
and foliaceous. Petals 6—8, crimson, x\ — 2 inches long,
and not more than an inch broad in our wild speci-
mens. Follicles 2 — 3, tomentose, ovoid, very thick,
diverging widely when mature.

The alliance of this is with P. arietina. I have
not had the opportunity of studying it alive, and it
has not been figured, but it is maintained by Boissier
as a distinct species. Both the end and lowest side
segments of the fully developed leaves have five divi-
sions, which run together so as to form a broad wing
all the way up the midrib. Our wild dried speci*
mens came from Anatolia and Servia. Anderson
identifies it with the Preonia byzantina of Clusius
{Hisl.^ p. 279), and says of it : — "It is remarkable
for the elegant stateliness of its habit, each stalk,
accompanied by its horizontal leaves, diminishing as
they ascend, and terminated by its flower (which is
rather smaller than is usual in the genus), supported
on a long peduncle, exhibits somewhat of a pyra-
midal figure. Its leaflets are constantly more or less
longitudinally inflexed or concave ; in this respect it
resembles the last described (humilis), but diff^ers
from it in the leaflets being broad and obtuse. The
follicles are less pubescent than those of the three
following species (arietina, peregrina, and paradoxa),
but more so than those of the preceding. They are
very large, and at maturity diverge widely."

22. P. Br.itcri, Boiss. et Rent., Diag., 4 ; Willk. et
Lange, Fl. Hiip., iii., 975. P. lusitanica, Miller, Gard.
Diet., edit, ii., No. 6? P. officinalis, Brotero, Fl. Lusit.,
ii., 299. — Stems glabrous, i-fiowered, i — 2 feet long.
Leaves 6—8 to astern, glabrous on both surfaces, bright
green above, glaucescent beneath, the terminal oblong
acute segment i— ij inch broad at the middle, the fully
developed lower leaves with about 20 segments, scarcely
at all confluent at the base, but the upper side ones
cuncately decurrent on the rachis. Outer sepals very
foliaceous. Petals 6 — 8, obovate-cuneate, about 2 inches
long, crimson or rose-red, rarely white. Follicles 2 — 4,
densely pilose, \\ inch long, spreading horizontally from
the base when mature.

A native of the mountainous and subalpine regions
of Spain and Portugal. It is intermediate in general
character between ofiicinalis and corallina, neither of
which are admitted by Willkomm and Lange as
natives of the Iberian peninsula.

This concludes the series of known species. /. G.
Baker,

TttALlCTRUM AQUILEGlFOLIUM, — This fine
herbaceous plant was cultivated by Philip Miller
more than a century and a half ago. There are two
distinct forms in gardens now, one with purplish
stamens, and the other with the filaments snow-white.
Both are equally handsome, and are well worth a
place in every herbaceous border. The foliage is
bolder and more striking than that of perhaps any
other Thalictrum usually found in gardens, and the
•flowers are decidedly more showy than those of the
vast majority. It grows about 2 feet in height, and
in a wild s'ate the species is widely distributed
^hrou;>hout Central and Southern Europe.

JhE pF^OPAQATOR.

The Propagation and Culture of Clero-
DENDRONS. — Among the many kinds of plants useful
for decorative and other purposes the Cierodendron
holds a place, and the increase and culture of this
beautiful plant merits more attention and labour than
is generally bestowed upon it. Although the cuttings
of some species do not readily root, the scope of the
propagator is not too limited by being restricted in
some cases to grafting and seeds ; and it will be found
that these methods will yield an ample success if pro-
perly carried out. It is a good plan to select a few
good varieties, which we intend to do, giving the
methods of propagation and their culture,

Clerodendron splendens. — Of climbing Clero-
dendrons C. splendens is remarkable as one of those
sorts the cuttings of which will not root freely, but
there are two means of grafting them which can be
employed. In grafting on roots those of C. Thomp-
soni are the best. From the side of each of the roots
which have been selected a piece an inch long and
one-eighth of an inch deep should be cut out to
receive the graft, which should be shaped to fit the
cut. The graft must be carefully bound to the root
with a strong piece of matting. When potting them
up the top of the root-graft should be placed level
with the surface of the soil. Before potting it is of
the greatest importance to have the soil well damped,
in order to sustain the grafts, which must not be
watered for a week after potting. The soil best
adapted to the Clerodendron grafts or cuttings is com-
posed of half peat, a quarter loam, and a quarter
silver-sand, the whole well mixed together, and sifted
or rubbed througha^-inchsieve. The root-grafts should
be placed on a gentle bottom-heat in a cutting-case,
and require ventilation for an hour during the morn-
ing, and also shading to protect them from the fierce
rays of the sun. After a week has elapsed, and
whenever the cuttings become dry, they require to be
well watered. As soon as the grafts have united,
which will be in about eight or nine days, they can be
removed from the cutting-case and stood upon an
open bottom-heat for five or six days. At the end of
that time they should be potted into large 6o-sized
pots, in soil made up of half turfy loam, a quarter of
good leaf-soil, and a quarter river-sand, well mixed
together and sifted. It is well to support each graft
with a stick, to which it should be tied in one place
only. It is necessary to replace them upon the bottom-
heat until they become sufficiently strong to neces-
sitate their being potted into larger (48-sized) pots.

There are also two methods of grafting upon the
stem or stock, and C. Thompson!, C, Balfourianum,
C. speciosa, and C. Rollissoni, afford the best stocks
upon which to graft C, splendens. One method is,
if the plants are very strong, to cut them down, so as
to leave 2 inches of the stem above the soil. What is
termed a "clean " cut should be made at the top of
the stock, from the side of which a piece i inch long
and one-eighth of an inch deep should be cut out.
The cut will be in shape like the letter Vi and the
graft must be made to fit it. It is of importance that
the bark of the graft should be made to meet the
bark of the stock, the former being carefully bound to
the latter with strong matting. In the other method
of grafting one-half or more of the shoots are cut off
the stock, leaving only a sufficient number to carry
the sap, and all the eyes at the bottom of the stem
are rubbed off to prevent the plant sending out shoots
after it has been grafted, A slip an inch in length is
cut off the side of the stock, to which the graft, after
having been properly shaped, is carefully bound with
strong matting. The grafts should be made as near
the soil as possible.

The stock-grafts must be placed in the cutting-
frame, which should be ventilated for an hour in the
morning, and shaded while the sun shines. After the
grafts have united they must be removed to another
frame, where air is always kept on ; this will harden
the plants, and prepare them for the open bottom-
heat, upon which they will remain, outside the case,
tor five or six days. By that time they will have
become sufficiently hard, and can be potted up ; each
plant being supported with a stick by a single tie.

Clerodendron Thompsoni, C. speciosum, C.
Rollissoni, C, Balfourianum. — These varieties
root so freely fiom cuttings that it is not necessary tb

graft them. The cuttings should be taken at the
time the wood is hardening, and they should be strong
pieces, with four or six leaves attached to each piece.
It is not necessary to cut them off to a joint. Having
cut the bottom of the cuttings with a sharp knife they
can be potted up into long thumbs, and pressing the
soil tightly round each cutting. They require to be
watered before being put in the cutting-frame, and
when they are in they should never be allowed to
become dry. They also require air for an hour in the
morning, and shading from the rays of the sun. When
they have rooted they can be taken out of the case
and placed upon open bottom-heat for seven or eight
days. At the expiration of that period they can be
potted into large 6's, placing a stick to each cutting,
watering them, and then replacing upon the bottom-
heat ; they can be potted into 4S's as soon as they
have rooted through.

C. Balfourianum from Seed. — It is very
handy to have a few seedlings of this plant, seeing "
that it makes such a good free stock upon which to
graft C. splendens. As a rule it seeds very freely of
its own accord, but in order to ensure success it is
advisable to fertilise it, which is soon done with a
camel's-hair brush. When the seed is ripe separate it
from the husks and sow in pans, each seed to be
about half an inch apart, and cover them with a
quarter of an inch of soil. After watering them, place
them in a cutting-frame till they have grown about
2 inches in height, when they can be placed outside
the case for a few days. Afterwards pot into thumb-
pots, support by little slicks, water well, and replace
upon bottom-heat. They can be potted into large
6o's when they have rooted through, and repotted as
necessity dictates.

Culture. — When the Clerodendron has been
potted into i6-sized pots it will not be necessary to
repot it for several years, and it will only require a
little strong soil on the surface year by year. When
in flower they are very useful for decorative and other
purposes in the conservatory and elsewhere. They
will live in a temperature as low as 45°, and in sum-
mer-time they will stand a high temperature with
plenty of air.

In training them six Bamboo canes, or three 4-feet
laths, each split into two parts, and painted green,
should be placed around the edge of the pot at equal
distances, and at the top each stick should be tied to
a ring of wire running around them ; the plants can
then be trained round the sticks. Place the plants in
a good growing house ; keep them well syringed and
ventilated. When the plant has covered and reached
the top of the trellis, every four shoots it makes
should be pinched back to two. By thus continually
pinching the plant back it matures into a semi-
shrubby state, and causes the plant to flower very
freely.

C. Balfourianum will become a fine plant when
trained under the roof over the pathway of the house.
For this purpose it should be potted into a No. I pot,
and placed in any convenient place for training to the
roof. Four wires of the required length should be
fixed along the roof about a foot from the glass. The
plant must be trained over the pathway because, as it
requires so much syringing, the continual diip of
water would injure the plants below.

The plant should be stopped when it has grown
the required length, and at the time it is out of flower
the side-shoots should be cut back to two leaves.
This will keep the plant in a free flowering state.

r. o.

Drosera capensis. — Independently of the
beautiful rosy-purple flowers of this species, the foliage
alone would constitute it a desirable plant for cultiva-
tion. The long linear strap-shaped leaves are clus-
tered or aggregated at the top of short erect stems,
and densely covered with red gland-tipped hairs that
glisten at all limes with a viscid excreted juice, giving
them the characteristic appearance now so familiar
to most people in this interesting class of plants.
The flowers expand one at a time only from the upper
angle or knee of the curved flower-scape, but as several
flower-scapes are produced on the plant, and a long
succession maintained, it possesses a double interest
for the cultivator. It is of comparatively recent intro-
duction from the Cape, and is figured in the Bolauical
Magazine, t. 6583. Several other species equally or
even more showy and interesting are found at the
Cape, the introduction of which is extremely desir-
able. The present one may be seen in the cool porch
adjoining the Orchid-house at Kcw,

July 5, 1SS4.]

THE CAR£)EM^kS' CMkONlCLE.

ti

A PEEP INTO SOME JERSEY

GARDENS, &c.

Many of our readers probably enough may be
visiting Jersey during the present summer, and as
strangers in a strange land may like to know where
best they can get a peep at those places of gardening
interest which the guide books cannot, and do not,
for patent reasons, deal with. We are therefore, in
this and another article, about to tell them whither
Ihey should hie in order to see to perfection the
floricultural and one or two other agronomic industries
for which this island is far-famed ; premising, how-
ever, that as the spots to which we shall direct their
steps are private property, so permission must be
previously obtained before attempting entrance, for
most, if not all, their occupants have a rooted objec-
tion to "droppers in," and, figuratively at least, have
posted over their gates : —

" Let me have no intruders here —
Above all, keep the tourist from my sight."

Beau Sejour.

The first homestead we shall suggest our friends to
visit is Beau Sejour, Rouge Bouillon, the residence of
Charles Godfray, Esq. Rouge Bouillon is upon the
outskirts of the town of St, Helier, and but an easy
stroll from almost any part of it. Upon entering its
frontage, notice two of the largest and healthiest
specimens in the island of the Cedrus Deodara
growing on the lawn, and thickly and gracefully
spreading their lower branches over it. They have
been planted for many years, are thoroughly accli-
matised, and are in truth magnificent trees — none to
be seen better anywhere out of their natural habitats.
Close beside these Cedars stands one of Lebanon,
also a good and handsome tree, but paling in size
and in beauty before its twin brethren of the
Himalayas. From the lawn now pass into the
conservatories, where Mr. Godfray will show you
with well merited pride a large and valuable col-
lection of Orchids, of which he is a most suc-
cessful amateur grower. His list is much too
numerous to give as a whole, but we may just
mention that when we had the pleasure of inspecting
the houses there were in splendid bloom Masde-
vallia chimera, Cattleya citrina, Maxillaria luteo-
alba, Masdevallia Wagneri, Cypripedium la:vigatum,
and many others, including Vanilla planifolia and
aromatica. This gentleman's speciality is the
Orchidaces, Jjut still he devotes attention to choice
flowers generally. Let us try and recall to memory,
hap-hazard, a few he possesses. For instance,
a glorious specimen of Medinilla magnifica, upon
which we counted no less than forty-eight bunches of
its rich deep pink flowers, all well developed. Then
he has some Anthuriums worth looking at, particu-
larly so one A. Warocquianum, the long green velvety
leaf of which measured more than 3 feet. Close be-
side this, and contrasting well with it, is an excellent
growth of Impatiens Sultani, which since June of last
year has never ceased to bloom in more or less pro-
fusion. Mr. Godfray's Gleichenias are remarkably
good, the very best admittedly in Jersey. Of the
G. semivestita and G. flabellata, when found, take a
note of, for you will not see a better in your rambles
among conservatories at home or abroad ; and while
noting, jot down also a few first-rate Clerodendron
Balfourianum and some equally good Chrysophyllum
macrophyllum, one of these latter particularly, in
which the under-side of the Brobdingnagian foliage is
about the richest dead gold in colour you may ever set
eyes upon. The Bromeliace.-e, too, which will be
pointed out to you, are many and super-excellent,
with A I specimens among them of -Ejhmea, Bilbergia,
Nidularium, Tillandsia, and others ; and if you
be lucky enough to find a choice plant of Rudgea
macrocephala in flower, do not omit to include it
among your memos. It is a thick pearl-white,
waxy, quaint-looking flower, shooting out from
the top of the plant, and looking not very unlike
a diminutive Cauliflower. If you have never
seen the Monstera deliciosa you have now the
opportunity of inspecting two good healthy speci-
mens of it in fruit, and which will put you in
mind a little of the Bread Fruit of the West Indies
and some parts of Ceylon, bar that the produce of
the Monstera is conical instead of being globular or
ovate, and that it is neither so large nor so nodulated.
Like the Bread Fruit it is edible, but mawkishly
sweet and more buttery-like in consistence. Mr.
Godfray says that some of his gardeners appreciate

its flavour immensely, but that he cannot touch it,
nor indeed the generality of persons to whom he has
offered it. It will be quite superfluous to enlarge
upon the Pelargoniums, Cinerarias, Achimenes, Cala-
diums, Coleus, Convolvulus, and other flowers and
plants Beau Sejour's master has on view ; enough to
say that they cannot be bettered. Nor can the
Chinese Bananas be outdone anywhere, for from one
was cut last year a bunch of golden luscious fruit
which weighed between 60 and 701b. Mr. Godfray's
greenhouses contain Date and other Palms in good
growth, Coffee bushes in flower when we saw them,
Cocoa, Tea and other plants entering into domestic
economy, and last, though not by any means least, a
young Durian (D. zibethinus) from Singapore — that
delicate fruit, so offensive to the smell, so delicious to
the taste, and concerning which we said something in
a recent article. If you stroll into the kitchen garden
you will observe trained against a wall a monster
. Pear tree (Beurre d'Aremberg), the largest in Jersey,
The old Spanish adage has it —

" Quien no ha vista Sevilla
No ha vista Maravilla."

Let us be permitted to parody it and say —

" Gardeners who have in Jersey been,
And charming Beau Sejour not seen.
In truth have failed the best to see —
Of gardens in that isle that be."

Mainland.

The next place the visitor we write for should go
to is Mainland, the residence of Moses Gilaut, Esq.,
in the parish of St, Lawrence, It is a pretty and by
no means a long walk from Beau Sejour, through St.
John's Cemetery, down the Bellozanne Valley, and
so either across country or by the St. Aubyn's
Road, Very far and very wide are the grounds of
Mainland noted for their Camellias, that flower
being Mr. Gilaut's speciality. He has Roses in mul-
titudes ; he has choice Gloxinias and Pelargoniums,
but he does not seem to care much about them ;
Camellias are his particular vanity. He possesses
some sixty or seventy named varieties of the flower,
does this thotnme aux Car/ieUias, so to call him,
of all colours and tints and variegated shades, not
growing, mark you, under glass, with one or two
rare exceptions, but " all a growing and a blowing "
out-of-doors, in clumps, in rows, in thickets, here,
there, everywhere— a perfect [forest of the tree, for
some have attained such very respectable sizes that
they may well be dignified with that name. To see
this garden in the month of March, when every bush
is a blaze of well-shaped, large, brilliant-coloured
flowers, is to see a sight few of us get the opportunity
of gloating over — quoqiie ipse jucundissimc vidi, to
alter Virgil a little ; but you, friend, visitor aforesaid,
coming in the summer-tide, will find no blooms, and
will have mentally to picture what existed a month or
two ago. H, L, C.

iTo be continued.)

BOXLEY HILL, MAIDSTONE,

It is frequently asserted that Kent is the Garden
of England, and if the area of land under cultivation
is referred to, the allusion is a pretty correct one.
The traveller, as he wends his way along the dusty
roads, and crooked lanes surrounded by hedges,
cannot fail to be impressed with the luxuriant fields of
Wheat, Onobrychis sativa, Trifolium pratense, and
T, incarnatum, and the frequent occurrence of Hop
fields, bristling with stakes now more than half
covered with the twining stems. Each field, or num-
ber of fields, is attended with their quota of curious
cone-topped kilns for drying the Hops. The cottage
gardens are extremely gay everywhere with flowers of
every hue, while the air is redolent with the perfume
of Roses, Pinks, and Fhiladelpbus. The hedges are
well stocked with their usual flora ; but amidst all
this the botanist fails to discern what would meet with
a keener welcome from his scrutinising eye, namely,
the rarer and choicer members of the British flora.
These have to be sought for on land unmolested
by the ploughshare, which unfortunately is of rare
occurrence in this part of the country.

A little to the eastward of Maidstone is a range of
hills or downs, extending nearly from Rochester,
in a south-easterly direction to Dover. On this we
find the remnants of a rich and varied flora that has
been chased hither by encroaching cultivation. A
prominent and conspicuous part of this range, known
as Boxley Hill, well clad with copsewood in many

parts, and deeply scarred here and there with chalk,
pits, may be taken as representing the bulk of the
most interesting flora, and typical of the other parts
of the range.

The number of species, and the very limited area
on which they can all be picked up is alike wonderful
and interesting. It points to the agreement of a
number of conditions requisite for their welfare,
amongst which may be mentioned that of soil,
climate, shelter, and immunity from the disturbing
influences of cultivation which extend to all (including
the flat top) except the steepest slopes of the downs.

Orchids, although not numerically strong in species,
nevertheless crop up wherever the nature of the
ground and the copsewood offers the requisite con-
ditions. Amongst these are Gymnadenia conopsca.
Orchis maculata, Listera ovata, and the beautiful
Ophrys apifera, Rosa spinosissima is very plentiful
in open places, flowering profusely when only a few
inches high, and filling the air with the fragrance of
its white or pink tinted blossoms, Rosa canina
and R. tomentosa also crop up occasionally. Viola
hitta and. Iris Pseud- Acorus are not in season, but very
plentiful. The latter seems altogether out of place,
but flowers and fruits under the shade of low trees
and bushes, as is evidenced by the remains of last
year's fruit with showy scarlet seeds, [Is not
Iris fetidissima meant? Ed.] Its tenacity of life,
and the varying conditions and circumstances to
which it can accommodate itself are very well shown by
the wholly dissimilar and sometimes unlikely habitats
it frequents. In shallow running streams, on the
moist banks of ponds, brooks, rivers, or in boggy
places it luxuriates and flowers with great freedom.
On the other hand, when growing as it is is here,
growth is more wiry and starved in appearance, but
healthy withal. The intricate mass of wiry inter-
lacing roots accounts for this power the plant has
of adapting itself to its surroundings. In gardens its
behaviour is well marked in a dry season, compared
with other species, especially in a stiff clay soil.
While others are killed outright, this will thrive and
even flower.

Viburnum opulus, with its rayed Hydrangea-like
inflorescence, is now in full beauty, while V. lantana
is over or passing into fruit. The former is notable
on account of its stipulate leaves, thus breaking down
one of the most valid distinctions between the two
natural orders Caprifoliaces and Rubiacete. Poison-
ous plants are well represented by Atropa belladonna,
Daphne laureola, and Helleborus fcetidus. The first
mentioned is just expanding its solitary unattractive
flowers, while the two latter are in fruit. All are
rare plants and frequently grown in gardens, the
Belladonna being used for medicinal purposes, while
the Hellebore is grown for its highly ornamental and
finely divided foliage. The Daphne is sometimes
planted in shrubberies for the sake of its low bushy
habit and evergreen foliage. Lithospermum officmale
aft'ects the same habitat as a number of the other
plants just mentioned, namely, in copses or bushy
places. It is by no means a conspicuous plant, but
interesting on account of its rarity and relationship
with its beautiful blue-flowered congeners in gardens.
Associated with these is the small red-fruited Fragaria
vesca, now ripening its fruit, and peering from
amongst the bushes as if to greet the sunshine.

On the margins of the low tangled scrub, and
sufficiently protected from the sun, Asperula odorata
revels in perfect freedom, displaying its white
flowers and graceful fragrant foliage, that seem more
attractive than they are under cultivation, Lysima-
chia nemorum and Melampyrum pratense affect the
clearings where the rays of the sun may bffmodified
but not obscured. In grassy open places fully exposed
to the sun, Lotus corniculatus and Hippocrepig
comosa cover the sward with broad patches of yellow,
tinged to a varying extent with rich brown, Spirrea
filipendula with its pretty foliage disputes the ground
with Poterium Sanguisorba, while Chlora perfoliata
and Anthyllis vulneraria are much less plentiful,
Polygala vulgaris and Helianthemum vulgare are
common weeds that adorn the turf everywhere.
Silene inflata, Centaurca scabiosa, Scabiosa colum-
baria, and Peucedanum sativum frequent places some-
what similar to one another on the outskirts of the
underwood where the soil is more broken and loose,
affording free scope to their grosser herbage. The two
latter are partial to a limestone soil, and arc byno means
common plants. If cultivated on the more exposed
parts of rockwork, the true wild form of Scabiosa
columbaria is really a neat and attractive plan*.
Some forms grown in gardens under this name at?

12

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1884.

inferior to the type, both in the size and colour
of the flower. The Peucedanum has been
cultivated in Britain since the time of
the Romans, and seems hardly recognisable in a wild
state, being of a much duller green and more hairy
than the cultivated plant. Reseda lutea luxuriates on
the barren sides of chalk pits, where nothing else
apparently can find a subsistence. In open pastures
on the more or less cultivated parts of the hill, many
interesting or even ornamental plants are to be found
scattered about in tolerable abundance. Amongst
these may be mentioned Briza media, a very graceful
grass indeed ; Primula veris, Anagallis arvensis, Tra-
gopogon pratensis, Rhinanthus crista-galli, and the
great white Ox-eyed Daisy, that in many places proves
itself the pest of hayfields as Papaver Rhceas does in
cornfields, and likewise present here. Chenopodium
Bonus- Henricus still clings to its old habitats near
human dwellings. It is a dull. Dock-like plant of no
beauty whatever, but possessed of some economical
importance as a pot-herb, and used in the manner of
Spinach. It is a familiar acquaintance by the sides of
streets in old-fashioned country villages, and seems to
have outlived the knowledge of the modern inhabitants
as to its uses. X.

or grass-land. Fortunately the Darjeeling grub has
not as yet displayed any partiality for Tea, From the
Report of the Garden for 1883—84.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. — The
planting-out of the Palm-house, the erection of which
had been completed during the previous year, was the
most noticeable work carried out in the garden during
1883-84. For this purpose, plants that had outgrown
the limits of the former low-roofed conservatories
were transplanted, while the interspaces between the
larger plants were filled in by lower-growing species
of various kinds — Aroids, Marantas, Selaginellas, and
the like. The Palm-house already presents a hand-
some appearance, and the general effect of it will be
greatly enhanced as the plants continue to grow.

The economic plants which engaged the Super-
intendent's attention during the year were the Sabai-
grass (Andropogon involutus), the Paper Mulberry
(Broussonetia papyrifera), the Cinnamon plant yield-
ing the Cassia bark of commerce, and the Soy Bean.
The Sabai-grass was extensively distributed in various
parts of the province, and its suitability as a paper
fibre has been established beyond doubt. The bark
of the Paper Mulberry, which has an easy and rapid
growth, was reported on by a paper manufacturer
and pronounced to be "an admirable paper mate-
rial." Dr. King believes that the plant is capable of
producing one of the very best paper fibres known — a
fibre at once strong and fine, and requiring very little
bleach. A further consignment of the Cinnamon
plant was received from Hong Kong during the year.
The plants, though healthy, are quite young ; and as
they seem to grow slowly, it will be some time before
their suitability to the soil of Bengal can be ascer-
tained. The Soy Bean, of which Dr. King had
arranged for a supply from Japan, was distributed
during the year among planters and others for experi-
mental cultivation. The result, as was anticipated,
has been a failure.

Owing to the insufficient accommodation afforded
by the old herbarium, it had not been possible to
arrange and name a large collection of dried plants
received during the past few years ; but since the
completion of the new building this work has made
considerable progress under Mr. Brace's supervision.
The interchange of seeds and plants went on actively
during the year ; 23,809 living plants and 3716
packets of seeds were distributed, the principal recipi-
ents being, as usual, station committees, cantonment
magistrates, and superintendents of hospitals and
gaols. A considerable number of plants was also
sent to the International Exhibition in Calcutta. On
the other hand, 9179 plants and 103S packets of seeds
were presented to the garden by various contributors.
The receipts from the sale of surplus plants amounted
to Rs. I345-II-9, while the whole of the budget
allotment of Rs. 70,350 was spent.

For the third year in succession, the Lloyd Botani-
cal garden at Darjeeling suffered from the ravages of
the cockchafer grub. Specimens of this grub and of
the beetle into which it developes have been sent to a
specialist in London for identification and report, but
no answer has yet been received. Dr. King pro-
poses to suspend all distribution of living plants Irom
the garden, in case the grub shows itself again this
year. A similar grub, it is stated, has proved very
destructive in Ceylon to Coffee planted in "patana"

DISEASE OF LILY OF THE

VALLEY.

Latkly an obliging correspondent of the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, Mr. Thomas Hebden, forwarded
leaves of Lily of the Valley badly infested with the
fungus named .?£cidium convallarias, Schum, and
new to Britain. The examples were found on one of
the small islets of Windermere, where the plant and
its fungus were extremely abundant. [Mr. Plowright
also mentions its occurrence near Scarborough. Ed.] '

It is to be sincerely hoped that the parasite will
keep where it is, and not travel to gardens, where
the Lily of the Valley is such a valued ornament in the

Fig, 2, — DISEASE OF LILY OF THE VALLEV.

spring and early summer months. There is, how-
ever, every reason to expect that if the new pest has
not already appeared elsewhere in Britain it will now
speedily be seen in various quarters. It is not likely
that the parasite will confine itself to the Lily of the
Valley; there is every probability of its invading
Liliaceous plants belonging to the genera near Con-
vallaria. Whether it attacks the Fritillary, Tulip,
&c., on the Continent we are unable to say, for our
own books are at the moment not at hand, and on
applying to the obliging officers of the British
Museum we found that their books were, some at the
binders', and others not at the moment easily acces-
sible. Our time, too, has been limited, and the heat
of the sun unlimited. Under these circumstances
the account of the Continental distribution of the
plant and its host plants abroad must be reserved for
another time,

The fungus has a decided preference for the primary
leaf, but in a few instances it affects the secondary
leaf sparingly. Our illustration at fig. 2 shows one

pair of leaves suffering from the disease. The fungus
causes large spots to decay on the leaves, and these
decayed patches fall out, leaving holes in the leaves.
The fungus is, no doubt, more secure from injury on
the dead leaf fragment, on the moist shaded ground,
than on the living leaf.

Different members of the genus .Ecidium have at
various times been described in the Gardemrs"
Chronicle ; the most familiar and notorious is the
/Ecidium of Barberry blight, often associated with
the mildew of corn. All .Ecidia are not alike in
form and habit, and the one before us differs suffi-
ciently from the type to make it worthy of illustra-
tion, not only for itself botanically, but as a novelty
and a new plague to be dreaded by horticulturists.
When a diseased place on a leaf is examined with a
strong lens, numerous little yellow cups are seen ;
each cup is less in size than a pin's head. The cups
are arranged in small circles less than a quarter
of an inch across, like extremely minute Fairy
Rings. In the middle of the ring a considerable
number of very small dark coloured dots are seen,
each dot being about the size of the point of a needle.
Most of the cups and dots burst through the looser
under-surface of the leaf, but in some few instances
they grow on both sides, and a few cups and dots of
erratic habit may be seen in various places outside the
circle of the miniature Fairy Rings.

With a magnifying power of fifty diameters we see
the cups as at A (fig. 3), the broken irregular edges
of the cups turning outwards : these are the Ecidium
cups of botanists. At b five of the much smaller
dark coloured viscid dots are shown ; each of these is
furnished with a little central mouth, and from the
mouth a few highly attenuated sticky threads emerge
as illustrated. The minute dark coloured dots are the
spermagones, and, as many botanists think, male
organs of the /Ecidium,

At c we have a section through a fragment of a
leaf of the Lily of the Valley, with the .licidium cups
and spermagones in section ; c is the upper surface of
the leaf, and two /Ecidium cups are seen cut through
at D D ; the cups have a bark or peridium as shown,
it consists of a single row of transparent cells. The
cups are usually full of small globular spores, but for
convenience we for the present show them empty.
Three spermagones embedded in the leaf are seen at
K — one is thrusting its attenuated little tentacles out
of the upper side of the leaf, one on the lower, and
one is protruding the fine hair-like growths from
both the upper and under surface. The leaf of a
Lily of the Valley is extremely thin when compared
with some other common leaves.

A section through a spermagonium is shown at F
(fig. 4), enlarged 300 diameters ; it is shown embedded
in the constituent cells of a fragment of the leaf. Near
F a larger leaf-cell may be seen full of the common
little needle-like crystals termed raphides. Other
rod-like crystals, very much larger in size, occur
as isolated examples in different parts of the leaf.

It will be noticed that the mycelium of the fungus
which runs amongst the intercellular spaces of the
leaf weaves a sort of globular investing mesh of myce-
lium which forms a loose soft coating round the central
threads, which in infancy all point towards the centre
of the spermagonium. As maturity is reached the
spermagonium bursts at its apex, and then the threads
which till this time had all pointed to the centre, turn
up, and grow out of the orifice as shown. When
these threads have once emerged they become attenu-
ated into long points of almost inconceivable fineness,
and the extreme ends (as growth is continued) break
up into atoms of the very smallest size. Both the
points and the atoms are glutinous, but when placed
in a film of water the little atoms become loosened
away from the point, and they then oscillate with an
animal-like motion round the apex of the protruded
thread. The oscillating atoms are shown at G ; these
microscopic bodies are termed spermatia, and it is
supposed that they have a function similar with that
of pollen. The slightest current in the film of water
carries them from one part of the glass to the other.
The spermagones, the protruded threads, and the
oscillating spermatia, differ somewhat in the species
before us from the bodies of the same class often
seen with other species of /Ecidium. The observa-
tions above recorded are our own, and we are respon-
sible for them. No illustration of a spermagonium
with its spermatia could be more feeble and incorrect
than the one which usually does duty for this subject.
'We refer to the venerable illustration and description,
JTas reproduced in Sachs' Handbook, We will now ex-

July j, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

13

amine the ^Ecidium cup ; as this is a much larger
body, a magnification of one half the power of the
spermagonium will be sufficient. A cup is seen in
section enlarged 150 diameters at fig. 5, the letter
J shows the transparent shell, or, as it is termed
by botanists, the peridium, composed of one row
of cells ; the thickness of the Lily of the Valley
leaf is shown at H K, with its upper and lower colour-
less epidermal cells. The lower cells, it will be ob-
served, arc'butst aside by this growth of the fungus cup.
The spores of the fungus hang from the open mouth
of the cup in chain-like or necklace-like fashion, as at
L ; and as the spores drop out of the cup they are
continually renewed by the chain forming new spores
at the part of the cup which is immersed in the leaf.
The leaves of the Lily of the Valley, of course, grow
in a perpendicular fashion, and so the spores, on
being discharged from the cups, do not all fall to the
ground, but a large number remain on the little
inequalities of the leaf.

The reader must now imagine that the leaf of the
invaded plant has become moist after a fine summer
rain, or in the mists of morning or evening. The
slightest film of moisture, of course, sets all the little
glutinous oscillating spermatia in motion, and in their
movements large numbers become attached to the
spores from the cups. When the spermatia attach
themselves to the -l£cidium spores the latter probably
become fertilised. The spore may be roughly com-
pared with an ovule, and the spermatia to pollen
grains. The act of fertilisation commonly takes place
on a more or less decayed part of the leaf, and, as we
said at the commencement of this paper, the decayed
patches, with the spores, fall to the ground and
hibernate or rest. A single spore with spermatia
attached is shown at m (fig 2, p. 12), near the base of
the pair of leaves. There is a difference of opinion
amongst botanists as to whether some germinating
.-Ecidium spores can by their germ-tubes enter a host
plant of the same nature as the plant which originally
bore them, and there at once reproduce an /Eci-
dium. Certain botanists, according to their pro-
clivities, think that some, or all, /Ecidia have a
Uredo stage (known or unknown), like the familiar
red rust of corn, but other observers, the writer of
these notes included, respectfully consider that the
facts which are brought forward as proofs are very
unsatisfactory, and capable of a different interpreta-
tion.

With the Ecidium we have just described our
correpondent found an abundance of Puccinia beto-
nicse, DC, a familiar fungus on Stachys Betonica,
Benth., a fungus known to have been in this country
ever since fungi were properly studied. It is given in
Hooker's British Flora, 1836. In the classification
of the Uredines as manipulated by Schroder, and
altered and modified by Messrs. Winter and Plow-
right, Puccinia betonicte, DC, is termed a Micro-
puccinia, i.e., a plant in which only the ordinary
Puccinia spores are known.

We have a Uredo on Lilies, named U. Prostii, and
an ally of this, if not the same plant, grows on
Onions; there is also U. alliorum, DC, on Allium,
and there is a Puccinia named P. asparagi, DC, on
Asparagus, and P. mixta, PI., on Onions, as well as
/Ecidium allii, Grev., and Uromyces alliorum, DC,
on Allium, and Uromyces concentrica. Lev., on Hya-
cinths. We forbear entering into any discussion
as to possible hetercecism or metSacea (as it is termed
— alternation of generations, or dimorphism, is not
correct enough) in the parasites of the Liliacese. It
would be an act of cruelty to the readers of this
paper. Wherever /Ecidium convallarise is seen it
should be immediately gathered and burnt. W, G,
Smiths

fftius 0f Jflflh.

Etude Generale du Genre Pommier et particu.
lierement des pommiers microcarpes ou
pommiers d'ornement, &c. Par E. A Car-
riere. Paris : Libraire Agricole, 26, Rue Jacob.
(Ornamental Crab Apple Trees, &c.)

This is a little treatise devoted to ornamental
Apple trees, more especially to a group of small-
fruited Apples or Crabs, many of which are so con-
spicuously beautiful in our shrubberies and plantations
in spring. These are divided by M. Carriere into
groups according to the nature of the fruit. Thus in
his caducous group are included those in which the
fruit rots on the tree and ultimately falls to the ground

leaving the stalk still attached to the branch. Here
are included Malus Torringo, oxyacanthoides, flori-
bunda, tenuiflora (Ringo), baccata, luteola Kaido,
and turbinata, of all of which descriptions are given.
Unfortunately, we in this country have little oppor-
tunity of testing the value of M. Carriure's classifica-
tion for, partly from climatal reasons, partly from other
causes, we rarely see the fruits of these forms except

Fig. 3 — .^JCIDH'M CONVALLARI.-E, SCHL'M.

Cups, A, and spermagones, Q, seen in elevation and section.
Enlarged 50 diatn.

G k-' */v

Fig. 4.— section through a fragment op lily of the
valley leaf,

Showing a spermagonium and spermatia of Ecidium con-
vallarix, Schum. Enlarged 300 diam.

X- 150

Fig. s.— section through fragment of lily of the

VALLEY leaf,

Showing cup of /Ecidium convallariae, Schum. Enlarged
150 diam.

in such cases as the Siberian Crab and a few others.
M. Carricre's second group includes species which do
not blet or rot on the tree but do so in the fruit-room.
M. cerasifera, chrysocarpa = (Malus Kaido, or M.
Ringo major, hort. Van Houtte) M. sulfurea, robusta,
pisiformis ochroleuca, cratcegicarpa, jucunda, violas*
cens, Bertinis, patula, splendida, Kermesina, rutilans.
In a third section, characterised by the fruits remaining
on the branch for many months (twelve or more) in a
dried state, M. Carriere enumerates M, microcarpa

praecox, purpurea (M. prunifera and purpurea, hort.),
serotina, eburnea, macrantha. The fourth section
comprises those in which the fruits are mealy, they do
not rot or shrivel, but become mealy ; herein are com-
prised M. ccarulescens cinnabarina, Ringo, lucida,
depressa = (cerasifera), coccinea = (cerasifera), fal-
lax, aurea, fulvicarpa, insignis, lutescens, fastigiata,
sphaerica, pulchella, truncata, spectabills, spectabilis
grandiffora, expansa, translucens, ampla ornata,
atropurpurea, formosa, mirabilis, flava, rubi-
cunda, pallida, nigra, apiosa, heteromorpba,
Jennensis, longifolia, flavida. A fifth group, called
Intermedia, contains plants with green fruits, often
with "grit," and with reddish anthers ; among them
are enumerated coronaria and sempervirens.

We have thought it well to place these names on
record, for, doubtless, many of the plants will, as
some have already done, find their way to our gardens.
We ought to add that M. Carritre keeps us the genus
Malus as distinct from Pyrus, and that all the forms
above enumerated fall under his Malus microcarpa,
though, for brevity's sake, we have omitted repeating
the specific epithet on each occasion. Some sort of
condensation is indeed desirable, in view of such
names as (Pyrus) Malus microcarpa spectabilis
grandiflora. Many of these forms are quite unknown
to us, and are probably — indeed, it is so stated —
merely seedling variations from better known forms.

When we have recalled to the reader the extreme
beauty of some of these forms, we have said as much on
that point as we can do in writing, but there are other
matters of interest in M. Carricre's book to which we may
appropriately call attention. First, as to ths distinction
between Apples and Pears : Linnseus included both
under one genus, Pyrus ; others thought the Apple as
distinct as the Pear, and adopted accordingly the two
genera, Pyrus and Malus. Bentham and Hooker
reverted to the Linnasan practice, which brought out a
protest from no less an authority than the late M.
Decaisne. Alluding to these matters, M. Carriere
shows that in Pears (Pyrus) the anthers are orange-
red, the fruits contain deposit of woody matter
(" gfit ") and no malic acid. Apples (Malus), on the
other hand, have yellow anthers, no grit to the fruit,
and abundance of malic acid. But none of these
characteristics are absolute. M. Carriere points out
that Malus coronaria and sempervirens have reddish-
orange anthers, M. microcarpa sempervirens has
grit like a Pear, and the character derived from the
presence or absence of malic acid is not constant.
These facts and the circumstance that Apple trees not
very rarely produce pear-shaped fruits, and vice versd,
while P. malifolia has the fruit of the Pear and the
foliage of an Apple, might be taken to support
Linnaeus' view and that of Bentham and Hooker as to
the existence of one genus only. But in everyday
life we have to take things as we find them, without
reference to scientific propriety, and perforce prefer
expediency to strict accuracy, and hence we think M,
Carriere has done well, from his point of view, to
preserve the distinction between Pyrus and Malus —
Pears and Apples — even although in some cases,
(relatively extremely few), there are exceptional forms
which nullify the arrangement of ihe botanists. M,
Carriere terminates his book with some remarks on
culture and propagation, and throws out a hint which
we hope some of our cultivators will adopt, viz.,
that of grafting the plants on small plants of the
Paradise or the Doucin stock, with a view to pot
culture under glass, in the same way that beautiful
varieties of Crataegus are often treated in this
country.

Introduction to the Study of Modern Forest
Economy. By John Crombie Brown, LL.D,
Edinburgh ; Oliver & Boyd,
Dr. Brown is indefatigable. He never seems to
miss an opportunity, and now, of course, he has found
an excellent one in the opening of the great Forestry
Exhibition in Edinburgh. By persistent *' pegging
away " Dr. Brown hopes to promote the development
of the Arboretum in Edinburgh, and more especially
the formation of a School of Forestry in Scotland.
On both these points we are in hearty sympathy with
him. Much of what Dr. Brown lays before the reader
in these pages he has published previously in one or
other of his many books on the same subject. To a
large extent, indeed, the present book may be con-
sidered in the light of a summary of what is contained
in the previous volumes, and we must say that, in our
own opinion, the process of condensation has been
very advantageous to the reader.

H

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1884.

A brief indication of the principal contents of the
work will give the reader a general notion of its
contents, while as to the way in which Dr, Brown
has dealt with them it must suffice to say that the
sulhor has collated most of the principal treatises on
(orest lore on the Continent and in India, and has
added many observations as the result of his own
experience in South Africa and elsewhere. First we
have a brief statement as to the area and extent of
forests in Europe, followed by an account of their
gradual destruction and the evils, climatal and as
regards failure of supplies, consequent thereupon.
The second and third parts deal with practical matters,
and show how the forests of the Continent are
managed and administered. It is to be regretted, we
think, that Dr. Brown should not have found some
English equivalents for the French terms he employs.
Surely replanting or planting is to the full as expres-
sive as " Rcboisement" management as intelligible as
" exphilalion," clearance as " Sar/a£i," selection as
" jardinage" rotation or cropping for "la mcthode a
tire et aire" coppice for " fureta^e" zed " taillis
satis fiitaie." Were these English terms, or any
other which may be considered more expressive,
made use of it would become apparent to the most
conservative of wood-reeves that there was nothing
radically different in the Continental systems of
management from that which any British forester cog.
nisant of his business, and not untrammelled by the
exigencies of game preserving and the necessities of
his master's balance-sheet, would recommend, and
which he does, in fact, follow, much less systema-
tically it is true, but as far as the circumstances
of the case admit. This is really an import-
ant point, for once convince the British forester that
he has been, like M. Jourdain, talking prose all his
life, and thac all that is desired is that he should in
future talk (or act) to better advantage, and his
natural insular dislike to foreign ways will vanish.
It is, indeed, the different circumstances under which
forestry is practised here and on the Continent which
constitute the essential difference between the two
methods. The foreign plan is scientifically exact and
adapted to Government and autocratic establishments,
but it could not be adopted satisfactorily in the ca^^ of
private estates unless in exceptional cases. Still the
scientific principles are necessarily the same in any
case, and the intelligence of the well-trained forester
might safely be trusted to make the necessary adapta-
tions, and adjust the inevitable compromise. In
India and the Colonies the circumstances are often
widely different, and in addition to scientific principles
and practical details of management the forester must
possess to a considerable degree the characteristics of
an equity judge to ensure that the rights of the natives
be duly regarded, and those of a statesman to promote the
present welfare and future advantage of the country at
large. These evidently involve questions of first-rate
importance, and for their successful handling demand
not only practical experience in routine work, but an
amount of trained intelligence which can only be
secured by natural ability fostered and developed by
adequate instruction such as a properly organised
forest school can afford.

i\\\i jpcs mi Mmmp,

Messrs. Backhouse's Unshaded Orchids. —
Another season's experience at the York Nurseries in
growing Orchids without shade goes to confirm the
opinions previously entertained as to the benefits
derivable from the practice with such species as are
found able to bear full exposure to the sun, and it may
be well to add, with those that have been previously
grown under conditions that make them capable of
bearing the solar rays without injury, for in viewing a
matter of this kind which has so important a bearing on
the cultivation of these plants it is well to repeat what I
have always urged when either speaking or writing
on the subject, that not only is it necessary to be
careful in submitting only such species to the treat-
ment as are naturally benefited by direct sunlight, but
also those which are in a state to bear its unrestricted
force ; without the latter of these conditions, as well as
the former being present, failure will be the result.
The inhabitants of the Soudan through usage are able
to bear the full force of the cloudless Egyptian sun
with scarcely a scrap of clothing to shield them from its

burning rays, but a European, through the opposite
usage of always having his body and the greater part
of his limbs covered with clothes, would be in a sorry
plight if placed under like conditions to the Oriental.
It is similar with Orchids, even such species as
naturally produce leaves of a texture that enables
them to withstand the sun, when they have been sub-
jected for a length of time to close shading and an
over-moist atmosphere, are no more capable of
standing it unshaded than the habitually clothed
European. The big span-roofed house with clear
glass in the roof is now not shaded in any way ; in it
are an immense number of Cattleyas in the best
possible condition, they comprise most of the leading
sorts, such as C. Mossise, C, Mendelii, C. Trianse, C,
gigas, C. Gaskelliana, C. Warneri, and others in
thousands, as well as the two-leaved kinds, all with big,
fat bulbs, and leaves as thick and tough, and in most
cases larger than in the strongest imported examples.
Of those in Bower are C. gigas and the distinct
variety C. gigas Sanderiana, of which there are now
blooming several grand forms ; it differs from the
type species in having the sepals and petals of a
darker colour, the leaves also differ, being of a redder
shade, especially on the edges. An almost white
form of C. Gaskelliana was in flower. In addition to
the pure white sepals and petals the lip has only the
faintest shade of purple in front of the large lemon-
coloured interior blotch. Several fine varieties
of C. Warneri were also blooming. The two-leaved
section of Cattleyas do equally well under this
exposed treatment ; a small plant of C. Leopoldi
has four spikes of bloom with from a dozen to
sixteen flowers on a spike. Lselia elegans is here
wonderfully strong, as also Lselia purpurata. The
effect that this exposed treatment has on such things
as Vanda teres is shown by the way in which little
short growths of it bloom, producing as many flowers
as are usually seen on growths 3 or 4 feet long. V.
coerulea is at home without shade, and also Epiden-
drums, such as E. nemorale, the growth and profuse
flowering of which are such as is not usually seen.
Cymbidium eburneum is evidentlysuited with like con-
ditions, the growth being unexceptionable, the plants
blooming profusely. The thicker leaved Dendro-
biums all appear to revel in the sun, such kinds as D.
Dalhousianum and D. calceolare bloom freely from
every bit of growth they make. The same may be
said of the many other Orchids here located in addi-
tion to those mentioned. Another matter connected
with their blooming is that the flowers have more
substance in them, enabling them to last considerably
longer than they do when the plants are much
shaded. In the adjoining span - roofed house
the glass is not clear as in the preceding, but no shade is
used. Large quantities of Cattleyas are in the grandest
health ;] amongst them are numbers of C. Mendeli in
bloom, showing the great variety this fine species pre-
sents. Here also are thousands of Lxlia anceps and
L, autumnalis, including the lovely L. autumnalis atro-
rubens ; one mass of L. autumnalis last year bore
forty spikes of bloom, many of which carried from
six to eight flowers. Sobralia macrantha does beauti-
fully, making short growths which flower abundantly.
The unsold remains of the immense stock of Odonto-
glossum vexillarium that was in this nursery a few
years back are now in this house, strong, full of vigour,
and blooming profusely ; 0. Phali)enopsis, a ticklish
subject as most growers can testify, is being tried in
this house, and so far succeeds. Speaking collectively
of the large and varied stock of Orchids in these un-
shaded houses they are remarkable for their rude
healthy condition, the big shining bulbs are
so plump that they look as if the stem
was ready to burst, the leaves are large, and of a
thickness rarely met with ; as might be expected, the
older leaves that have been formed some years are
yellower in colour than where shaded, especially at
this time of the year, but they get greener in autumn.
By those who can appreciate a healthy, vigorous con-
dition in the plants that enables them to keep on
thriving for time indefinite, a little absence of colour
in the leaves will not be reckoned of much account,
and the defect is much more than balanced by the
additional quantity of flowers produced. In one of the
other long span-roofed houses was the finest mass of
Vanda Sanderiana ever imported ; it has eight leads,
and is a picture of healthy growth, with 'the leaves
all fresh and plump. This distinct and magnificent
species has hitherto been a very difficult plant to
import, but the York specimen looks as if it would
repay the long figure (200 guineas) which it cost.

Quantities of Cypripedlums of the leading kinds and
other heat-requiring Orchids are here in good condi-
tion ; amongst them may be named a number of
plants of the true Comparettia macrophylla ; it bears
branching spikes of flowers, lilac in colour, and much
like the old Zygopetalum intermedium ; it is a winter
bloomer, lasting about three weeks. T. B,

L.1!LIA DOMINIANA ROSEA, shown by Baron
Schrceder at the last fortnightly meeting at South
Kensington, and deservedly certificated by the com-
mittee, is worthy of something more than a cursory
notice, not alone from the splendid character of its
flowers, but also as an evidence of the long waiting
which hybridisers of Orchids have in some cases to
endure. It is one of the many magnificent crosses
effected by Mr. Dominy in Messrs. Veitch's establish-
ment, and is, we understand, a seedling from L^lia
exoniensis, crossed with the pollen of the first flower
that opened of Cattleya Dowiana, and plainly shows
the influence in form exercised by the male parent in
its very large flat lip, which is whole-coloured, and of
the deepest ruby-crimson shade, 'with that peculiar
velvety appearance which the flowers of Orchids
of this colour often have ; there is a little
orange colour perceptible at the extreme base of the
lip ; the sepals and petals are in form like those of
Lselia purpurata ; in colour they may be described as
like claret freely diluted with water. But ere this
grand hybrid deigned to show its lovely flower it im-
posed a serious tax in the matter of time on the
raisers : fifteen years elapsed before it unfolded its
first bloom. One other plant only was the outcome
ol the cross, both of which we believe have passed into
Baron Schroeder's hands at a figure which would be
looked on as enough to stock a range of houses by
many of those who look upon a flower as a flower,
and only grow plants because they happen to be
fashionable.

HARDY SHRUBS.

Some time since the neat Daphne rupestris flowered
here. It is a dwarf evergreen shrub with small dark
green leaves and is of compact growth. It flowers very
freely, in fact the whole plant was quite covered
with blooms. The flowers are of a very delicate rose
colour, of rather strong substance and deliciously
fragrant. Everybody was struck by its beauty
and sweet odour. Another point worthy of mention
is, that it is quite hardy even in our climate. Another
beautiful Daphne, better known than rupestris, is
Daphne Blagayana. It is evergreen and perfectly
hardy, but is a stronger grower and flowers earlier.
The flowers are pure white and delightfully scented.
The plant is quite at home in a shady damp corner of
the rockery,

Slyrax japonica is another fine flowering shrub of
small dimensions, which ought to find a place in every
collection. The foliage, which is very neat and pretty,
much resembles that of a Euonymus. The flowers
are white, with large yellow stamens, pendulous and
produced very freely. It is flowering here just now.

Flowering for the last three weeks, and still in full
beauty, is Viburnum plicatum. The foliage is much
like that of Viburnum lantana, but the flowers are
much more beautiful. They are large, snow-while, in
clusters, like a Hydrangea; the clusters are pro-
duced in abundance, and as the flowers last a consider-
able time in full beauty, make the shrub very desir-
able for every garden. Aralia Maximowiczi and
Echinopanax horridus are perfectly hardy, and very
ornamental plants. Both are deciduous, and, as it
appears, do not attain large dimensions. The leaves
of A, Maximowiczi are seven-Iobed, very deeply cut,
in general appearance much resembling those of
Aralia leptophylla, light green, with long dark brown
stalks. The lobes are elegantly drooping, and the
whole plant has an elegant and noble appearance.
The diameter of the leaves is about lo inches, but as
the plant is still small I trust the leaves will in course
of time increase in size.

Echinopanax horridus is a curious looking thing :
the leaves are not deeply cut — at first sight much
like those of Gunnera scabra, but a great deal smaller.
They are not drooping, but erect, and the leafstalks
and ribs are thickly covered with strong yellowish
spines. The leaves are but lo inches in diameter ;
but, the plant being still small, we may hope that the
leaves will increase in size. The plant is flowering
at present, but the flowers are quite small and incon-
spicuous. C IVissenbachf Koyal GariUus^ WilhclmS"
hohc^ near Casset^ Germany.

July j, 18S4,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

IS

}^F{UlTg -yNDEF^ 'QlA53.

Strawderries.— Where an adequate number of
runners to meet requirements for forcing, with a sur-
plus for the allowance for blind or weak ones, together
with a sufficient number to plant out for the purpose
of yielding a supply for next season has not been
obtained and layered in small pots, there should now
be no delay in securing them. The utility of plunging
the pots in the mulching material is amply manifested
this dry, sunny season by the saving in watering, and
the benefit the plants derive from the roots being thus
preserved in a more uniform state of coolness than it
is possible to keep them in when the pots are fully
exposed to the sun and air. Keep the parent plants
as well as the young ones free from superfluous run-
ners, and see that they are properly watered and are
syringed over each line evening towards sunset, until
the balls of soil are well netted with roots, when the
young plants should be cut away (choosing a dull day
for the purpose), and removed to a bed of ashes,
either in a cool frame, where they can be shaded from
scorching sunshine, or in a shady situation out-of-
doors, but not under trees, there to remain until they
have recovered from the check, when they should be
placed in their fruiting-pots. The size of the pots
we employ varies from 5 J inches to 7 inches in
diameter, the smallest being used for early forcing,
such as Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, while Pre-
sident and later varieties, which mature their crops in
spring and early summer, are potted in the latter. In
potting thorough drainage should be insured by clean
potsherds covered with a thin layer of dry moss,
which should be coated over with soot to make
it distasteful to worms. The compost should be pressed
or rammed more or less firmly according to the
character of the soil, for although Strawberries -need
firm potting, the ramming of heavy soils is sometimes
carried too far, with the results that the plants become
waterlogged and greatly damaged thereby. A shady
situation should be found for the plants for a few days
after potting until they can endure the sun, when they
should be placed on beds of ashes in open quarters a
distance from high walls, and be well syringed daily.
With regard to soil, that most desirable is a mode-
rately heavy one derived from an old pasture, and
stacked sufliciently long to decay the f.ecbage ; it
should be well broken up and placed in an airy shed
when tolerably dry, where it should be turned and
mixed with old cow-manure or dried horse-droppings,
with a little soot added. We are not particular about
the nutritious qualities of the manure, and always use
horse-droppings, because our soil is rather close and
heavy ; the aim is to induce the plants to produce an
abundance of active roots ready to feed upon nourish-
ing liquid when administered,

Vines.— We are induced, notwithstanding the
necessity of repetition, to impress upon cultivators
who have not been favoured with welcome thunder
showers, as we have recently been, the great import-
ance of giving to all borders, both outside and in,
containing the roots of Vines laden with advancing
crops, timely and copious drenchings of tepid liquid-
manure and mulchings of short manure, for we do not
remember a season when closer attention was de-
manded in these particulars, and it is not only bene-
ficial to the Vines in supporting them with nutriment,
but is productive of good by keeping the roots neat
the surface, and therefore in the warmer part of the
border, especially where the borders are resting upon a
cool subsoil and unconcreted bed. Attacks of red-
spider may be expected to be prevalent this season, and
on its first appearance in a house sponging with
soapy water must be resorted to and persevered with.
A painstaking and patient hand is required for this
operation, for the slightest rub against a bunch mars
its appearance, and the brittle footstalks of the leaves
readily snap asunder. Houses in which ripe fruit is
hanging should be kept cool, and the fruit preserved
in good condition by a constant current of air and light
shading ; this latter must not, however, be used to the
extent of preventing the natural ripening of wood and
foliage, and should altyays be removed when the sun
declines. The principal crops of Lady Downes'
Seedling and Alicante will now be entering upon the
stage when their berries are liable to scald ; the latter
is not exempt from this defect, while the former is
more susceptible to it than any other variety, and
requires the treatment advised for Muscats at p. 739

of the last volume to be rigidly carried out, par-
ticularly when the weather is sultry and change-
able, as then the elTects are more to be guarded
against than during the continuance of bright
sunshine ; this kind is, however, well worthy
of extra pains being taken with it, as it is un-
doubtedly the best keeping Grape in existence, and
so highly is it prized here on that account, that a
house is entirely devoted to it where it can receive
special treatment, which it is as much entitled to as
are Muscats or llamburghs. Late Ilamburghs may
now be brought on without fire-heat, except 'during
spells of cool weather, when sufficient to warm the
pipes and prevent a check should be made use of.

Pines. — In situations where the night temperature
for fruiting plants can be kept up to 70°, and that for
young plants to 65', without fire-heat, it may be shut
off until a change in the weather takes place. The
early Queens being relieved of their fruits, their roots
should be well watered, and a free circulation of warm
air with daily syringings overhead afforded them to
bring on suckers, well furnished with broad sturdy
foliage. We like to depend upon a second batch of
Queens for a supply of suckers, because through not
being fit for potting until late in August or the be-
ginning of September they do not become pot-bound
before winter, and are on that account in a better con-
dition for shifting into their fruiting pots in February
than those more early are ; and to show there is nothing
gained by a long season of growth, we may mention
that some of the best fruits we have ripened this sea-
son were produced by plants which were ordinary
sized rootlesss suckers in February, 1SS3. Smooth
Cayennes and Charlotte Rothschilds for supplying
ripe fruits during the late summer and autumn months
we like to propagate in February, and for affording
a winter and early spring supply in July and August.
By this way of rooting batches at frequent intervals a
constant supply of ripe fruits may be kept up without
difficulty. In dealing with suckers pot them firmly in
well drained 6-inch or Sinch pots in good fibrous soil,
and plunge in a bottom-beat of about 85° in a moist
pit or low house that has a night temperature of 65°,
where they can be kept moderately close and rather
heavily shaded until the roots are formed, when
thinner shading will suffice and more air should
be given ; give water sufficient to moisten the balls
through after plunging and as dew overhead
each afternoon. Suckers that are affected with
brown or white scale should be cleansed before being
potted. The former can be removed by syringing
with water heated to 130°, or by sponging with soapy
water ; the latter is, however, not so easily dealt with.
When we took charge here we found the collection in-
fested with it, and after trying various remedies with-
out success, we destroyed the plants, thoroughly
cleansed the structures, and procured a clean set of
suckers ; and this is the only means of eradication we
can confidently recommend. Perhaps there is no
better way of annihilating mealy-bug than by effec-
tually syringing with a mixture of paraffin, soft soap,
and rain-water, used in the manner so frequently
recommended in these columns for the destruction of
insects upon other subjects. Happily we have had
no experience with it upon Pines, and we are parti-
cularly careful not to introduce it or white scale into
the houses devoted to their cultivation, Thomas
Coomber, The Hcndrc Gardens, Monmoulh,

jjlanta and i\\^\\ \}iM^,

Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. — The remarks
made in our preceding Calendar (p. 803, June 21)
will, when carried out, allow more room for the exotic
Ferns during the next two or three months, A good
collection of these is indispensable in every large
establishment — and where much Fern is required for
cutting, a good stock of the well-tried sorts is quite
necessary. With a supply of such always at hand, a
better appearance will be imparted to the floral
embellishment — not that itiis necessary or desirable to
rely absolutely on cut Fern to use in association with
cut flowers, far from it, but still a healthy stock of
suitable kinds should always be grown for constant
use. Adiantum cuneatum is one of the best that can
be grown. To have a healthy stock of this Fern, it
should not receive either excessive heat or moisture
combined with shade, as under this treatment

the fronds will be of a deep green colour, large in all
their parts ; but this is not the kind of growth to last
long after being cut, often fading the same day— an
occurrence which is very disappointing, especially so
on occasions of importance. The best plan with this
Adiantum and other species of this genus is to culti-
vate Ihera in a cooler temperature, with more air
admitted, and nearly fully exposed to the sun,
using shading of the thinnest kind, and then only in
bright weather. The fronds thus produced will be
pale green in colour, and much smaller in the pinna",
as well as more rigid in texture, therefore far more
durable when used in a cut state. In potting them a
liberal quantity of good friable yellow loam should be
used in preference to any great amount of peat. The
larger the plants the greater the quantity of loam and
vice versii.

For supplying cut fronds plants in large pots are
not the best, rather the reverse, by reason of the
more crowded state of the fronds, and the liability to
damp off in the centre. Pots 8 or 9 inches in
diameter are most suitable for such purposes, supply.
ing a greater amount of foliage in a given space, as
well as being more convenient to move from place to
place. The present is a good time to overhaul a
good proportion of the stock of this Fern and of any
other kind that is relied on for supply. Probably
some of the plants have been cut rather hard of late,
these should be rested for awhile, and induced to
make a vigorous growth during the next two or
three months, in order to be in readiness for the
autumn. Two batches at the least are necessary, and
three are even better, each in its turn. We have
stated before, when treating of Ferns, what an in-
valuable supply we draw from a quantity of the
British Maidenhair (Adiantum Capillus- Veneris) that
has grown spontaneously on the back wall of a lean-to
stove. It has much extended itself in the last year or
two, so that now we can cut a hundred or more
fronds without their being missed ; several square yards
of wall are now clothed with this pretty species,
where at one time there was only a dirty piece of
wall ; its rhizomes cling to the wall, and require
no soil or other aid whatever beyond occasional
waterings when the heating apparatus is much
used. We have now started another lot on a
similar wall that was also unsightly, and hope to get
them to succeed. Next to the Adiantums the smaller
growing forms of Davallia rank among the very
best of Ferns either in a cut state or on the plant.
No genus among all the Ferns in cultivation surpasses
them in their adaptability in unfavourable circum-
stances. The Aspleniums are among the best, too,
but not equal to the Davallias, by reason of their
fading so quickly when cut for use in that way. D.
bullata, D. elegans, D. dissecta, and D. Mariesii are
all valuable kinds, and ought to be in every collection
of importance. They are as easy to cultivate as any
Fern we could name, and are readily increased by
division.

Give attention to any seedlings that may be spring-
ing up of their own accord, and either prick them off
into pots or pans, or pot them singly, if of sufficient
size ; they will have plenty of time to become estab-
lished before winter, and then be found useful, as
they are in small pots, for decorative work, or to
succeed that portion of the stock that may have
become exhausted. Examine such as are in need of
a shift, and see to repotting without delay, so that the
plants get well rooted before the dull season. If
excessively pot-bound during the lime of sharp firing,
one oversight in the way of watering will soon be
apparent, and is not easily remedied. Healthy grow-
ing young stock of Tree Ferns should have particular
attention in this respect. Young plants of Cibotiums,
Cyatheas, and Alsophilas will quickly make speci-
mens of handsome proportions when carefully attended
to. The same course, too, should be followed with
the seldom seem Maraltias (at least, in private col-
lections) ; this is a handsome genus of Ferns, not so
much grown as they deserve to be, and taking some
few years before tiecoming of unwieldy proportions in
a private garden.

During hot weather especial care will be necessary
with all Ferns in baskets in respect to watering ; in
some cases they may need attention twice a day. The
beautiful effect that they impart to any arrangement
will amply repay the extra labour. The genus Platy-
ceriunri, too, will need more attention in the same
direction, as, though not showing outward signs of suf-
fering, they nevertheless do in many cases feel the
want of more frequent waterings than they receive. The
Nephrolepis also do not flag so readily as many Ferns,
but afterwards they show the signs in the premature
dropping of the pinna:. At this season of the year
both black thrips and brown scale will be found to
increase somewhat rapidly among Terns ; a liberal
use of the syringe will keep in check the former
insect, and judicious thinning of the older fronds will
rid them of the latter pest to a certain degree ; but
on those fronds that it is not deemed expedient to
remove the tedious process of poking them ofl' with a
stick may have to be used when an insecticide is not
applied. Jamis H»<ison, Cunnersbiiry House,
Aclon, IV., yulr X.

t6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Monday, July 7— Erockham Rose Show.

f Royal Horticultural Society ; Meeting of
Fruit and Floral Committee, at 11 a-m. ;
' Scientific Committee, at I P.M.
Tuesday, July 8 \ Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,

at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Farningham, Ludlow, and Vale of Evesham
u Rose Shows.
National Rose Society's Show at Salisbury.
Ealinp. Acton, and Hanwell Horticultural

Society's Show.
Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society s
Wednesday, Julyo^ show (two days),

Lee and Elackhealh Horticultural Society s

Show (two days).
Floral Fgte at Mapperly Park, Nottingham
(two days).
■ Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'

Thubsdav, July 10^ HiehgTe Horticultural Society's Show.
0.\ford Rose Show.
Wirral Rose Society's Show.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe fi:
; Morris' Rooms.

July II

THE Scottish Arboricultural Society, in pro-
moting the International Forestry
Exhibition, that was opened by the Marquis
of Lothian on Tuesday, have wisely recog-
nised that theory and practice should go hand-
in-hand, and that there can be no opposition
between what is taught by true science and by
well founded experience. If exhibitions have
any value, it is as a means of disseminating the
teachings of science and experience derived
from all quarters, and the Lord Provost, Sir
George Harrison, was probably right when
he said that universal exhibitions were less
attractive than more special ones, because they
were simply bewildering to our limited intellects.
An ideal International Forestry Exhibition
should comprise all the forest products of the
world, with means for estimating their quan-
tity, their modes of production, and their uses,
the theory of their growth and manufacture,
and means to increase or improve them.

A descriptive catalogue of such an exhibition
would be an encyclopasdia of forest science.
The programme issued by the committee for
the Edinburgh Exhibition was carefully con-
sidered, and at once exhaustive and well de-
fined, and, upon the whole, they are to be con-
gratulated upon the large measure of success
which they have obtained. It is to be regretted
that many countries that yield most important
timber and other forest produce should not have
responded to the invitation to exhibit ; that the
Eastern United States, France, Germany, and
other countries should be absent. But, on the
other hand, there are but few objects in
the Exhibition which have not an obvious
and practical bearing upon forestry. The
Indian section is, in the present incomplete
state of the Exhibition, by far the most
important, its description occupying nearly
half the official catalogue. Though, as the
Marquis of Lothian said in his opening
remarks, it is true that in 1846 the natives of
India were ignorant of the fact that by the
reckless felling of their forests they were ren-
dering their country liable to drought and
famine, it is equally true that in Europe the
necessity for forest conservation, though better
understood, was but little acted upon ; so that
Colonel Michael— who when only a lieutenant
acted as the pioneer of the practical work of
conservation in Madras— was fully justified in
saying that no Government has done more
than that of India for the advancement of
forestry. One result cf their wisdom, as
pointed out by Sir George Birdwood in an
admirable introduction to the Indian section
of the catalogue, is already visible in the
gradually increasing rainfall in the North-west
of India.

The committee have been reluctantly obliged
to adopt a geographical classification, instead of
one based upon their prospectus, and we have
accordingly brought together in the collection
displayed by Colonel Michael, the timbers,
forest implements, fibres, resins, dyes, tanning
materials, and other produce of the whole of
India, a great scientific value being given to the
whole by the accompanying maps and large-

scale working plans, prepared and exhibited by
Major Bailey, and by the various publications
of the Department that accompany the collec-
tion. The scientific names of the various
plants have all been carefully ascertained — a
point in which some other countries have been
less solicitous. The Danish Government sets
an equally good example in the carefully com-
piled statistics as to its forest produce that
appears in the catalogue; and our own Commis-
sioners of Woods and Forests, through Sir
James Campbell, exhibit most instructive
series of woods from the Dean, Windsor, and
New Forests, with tables showing the nature of
soil and subsoil and the rate of growth ; a set
of forest account-books ; tools of local design
and manufacture, economical methods of
fencing, and illustrations of defects in timber-
trees.

Owing to those delays which inevitably beset
a first attempt — and there has been no previous
International Exhibition of forest produce —
many most important series, such as that from
Japan, have not yet arrived ; but British
Guiana, the Cape Colony, Mauritius, St. Vincent,
New Brunswick, and Johore, have sent very
complete representations of their timber, fibres,
and other productions. The specimens illus-
trating the well-known Greenheart and Mora
timber of the first-named country, the hard-
woods of the Cape, possibly including some
substitute for Boxwood, the multiplicity of fibres
from Mauritius, and the Camphor and Gambler
of Johore, must attract the attention of all who
take a wide view of the question ; whilst an
enormous log of Teak, over 52 feet long, from
Burmah, and a section of Californian Redwood,
13 feet in diameter, illustrate the immense im-
portance to the world at large of the supply of
individual species. Unfortunately, residents
amid tropical luxuriance are hard to convince as
to the necessity for conservation. The bcottish
Arboricultural Society and its individual mem-
bers exhibit many useful scientific instruments,
such as rain-gauges, theodolites, and dendro-
meters, and there are numerous series of micro-
scopic sections of wood, so that hardly any de-
partment of scientific forestry is unrepresented.

The importance of pure and correctly named
seed for forest planting has been fully recognised,
as is witnessed by the unique collections of
Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., and Jas.
Veitch & Sons, the latter remarkable for its
accuracy of nomenclature, and the Commis-
sioners of Woods and Forests, Mr. McCORQUO-
dale, and other Scotch foresters abundantly
illustrate the defects arising from bad pruning,
squirrels and insects, though the collection is at
present rather weak in forest entomology. A
splendid series of woodpeckers is, however,
in the series, and rather too many merely
curious specimens of fantastic knots and inarch-
ings. Of special importance to our national
foresters are the various compounds recom-
mended to protect trees from ground game,'and
to act as substitutes for creosoting underground
structures, whilst the hardiness, rapid growth,
and considerable durability of the Douglas Fir,
perhaps entitle it to rank as our forest tree of
the future. The specimens from Balmoral,
shown by Mr. Michie, demonstrate, however,
the admirable return in sound timber, with a
large proportion of heart-wood of great dura-
bility, which the Scotch Fir will yield even on
the most barren sands and gravels. It is a
pity that France has not sent something to
represent the growth of Pinus maritima on the
Landes of Bordeaux, which affords a valuable
illustration of both the direct and the in-
direct advantages of timber planting. Space
only permits a passing reference to many
instructive exhibitions of well-designed forest
tools and labour-saving machinery, among
which De Canville's portable street tramway
must certainly take a high place, or to that
rapidly increasing industry, at present almost

monopolised by Norway and Sweden, the
manufacture of paper-pulp from wood, more
especially from that of the Pine and the Aspen.
This is abundantly illustrated in the Exhibition.
A valuable library is in process of formation,
and it is certainly much to be hoped that some
of the more instructive part of the Exhibition
may not be dispersed, but may form the nucleus
of an educational institution that may take
away from us the reproach of being the only
country of importance without a forest school,
whilst we own more forests than any other
Goverment. Meanwhile, the success of the
Exhibition must in a great measure depend
upon the support of the public ; and while con-
gratulating Dr. Cleghorn and the committee
upon the results of their labours, we may say
that the Exhibition is itself so highly educa-
tional, that no one interested in trees or their
produce should fail to visit it, and to do so in a
teachable spirit. In another column we give
some further details relating to this unique
Exhibition, and to which we expect to have
further opportunities of referring.

Fruit and the Cholera.— An outbreak of

this deadly epidemic so near to us as France, naturally
provokes amongst timid people some alarm, a state of
mind that seems always to be productive of evil. It is to
be feared that the report industriously circulated that the
cholera at Toulon originated with the free eating on the
part of some of the population, of unripe Apricots, may
lead to a fanatical outcry against the eating of fruit in
any form during the present season. It is true we
have here no great abundance of that product, but
still there is some to dispose of, and market growers
have been so badly hit that any addition to their mis-
fortunes by raising a foolish cry against the use of
fruit would be as unfortunate as it would be stupid.
There is no proof that unripe fruit had any connection
with the cholera outbreak at Toulon, and it does not
seem certain whether the disease prevalent is of the
dread Asiatic form, or is of the sporadic order. With
the prospect before us of a hot summer it is possible,
nay, even probable, that this epidemic will visit our
shores, and if it does it will be well if it find us pre-
pared to meet it without alarm and surrounded by the
best sanitary conditions. Fruit growers will do well
to send to market only ripe fruit, and that which is in
a perfectly sound state. It is not, however, so much
from the growers that any danger of that kind will
arise. It is rather from dealers who are not too care-
ful as to the places in which they store their unsold
fruit or to the condition in which it may be. How-
ever, fruit is perhaps less injurious, if at all, when
sound than many other articles of food, and rightly
used may help to promote the public health rather
than bring to it any danger,

The Health of Gardeners. — At a recent

Conference held at the Health Exhibition, it appeared
from some statistics collected by Dr. Ord that gar-
deners had a better chance of life than any other class
out of some eighty specified classes of workers, with
the exception of clergymen. If 1000 be taken as the
average standard number of deaths within a given period
among all classes taken together, then the number of
gardeners who die during the period is barely more
than half the average, i.e, 559 ; that of clergymen,
who have the best chance of all, 556 j agricultural
labourers, 653; farmers, 675; medical men, 1125.
The highest death rate is among persons engaged in
hotels, 2205 ; innkeepers, 1521 ; brewers, 1361 —
significant figures these ! The proportion of medical
men who die in a given time, though above the
general average, is less than might have been expected
from the harassing life they mostly lead, and the
special risks they run.

"Amateur Gardening" speaks for itself.

It announced its intention of doing so when it first
appeared — it has done so, and will, we hope, long
continue to do so, because, when it speaks it is with
the object of being "generally useful." It recognises
the fact that, for hardy Englishmen, at least, idle-
ness is not pleasure, and that to get recreation,
change, refreshment out of a garden — which is
what amateurs want a garden for — they must
work. "Work will be as pleasant to good
people as honey to the bee." In the spirit of this
philosophy, as sound as it is pleasant, AmeUtnr

i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1884.

Canknin^atSLiii in the race among the low-priced gar-
dening periodicals. There is abundant evidence of
work— genuine worlc, not mere paste and scissors
business — about this publication, ample proof that the
requirements of the amateur have been well con-
sidered, and full assurance that they will be met.
We need say no more, unless it is to apologise to our
youngest contemporary for having, from sheer inad-
vertence, deferred our notice of this useful publication
till it has cut its teeth — we mean, issued its second
monthly part. We regret this the less as first numbers
rarely give so good an idea of the scope of a work
and the way it is likely to be treated as those that
come after, and so we have now a better opportunity
of judging than we had on the receipt of No. i.

Darlingtonia californica keeps on grow-

ng freely, planted out at the York Nurseries in a
two-light frame facing south, in sandy peat. The
lights are kept close shut down all day, however
sunny it may be, through the growing season, but are
drawn off completely in the night, with plenty of
water. So treated they make splendid large pitchers,
hat colour beautifully as they approach maturity.

Rose Notes from Paris. — M. Bergman

nforms us that at the last meeting of the French

Horticultural Society, held on June 26, M. Mar-
GOTTIN, pere, of Bourg-la-Reine, showed a new
hybrid perpetual Rose, which he has named Raoul
Guillard (after his grandson). The colour is between
that of General Jacqueminot and that of Louis van
Houtte, and very bright. The flower is full j the
plant has fine green foliage, and it is a very free
bloomer, with a strong perfume. M. Emile
Gobereau, 106, Route Nationale, St. Cloud, sent
to the same meeting a dozen or so of white Roses,
to which, by a chemical process, he had given a fine
pale blue tint, not violet, but real pale blue.

Nepenthes sanguinea. — In the stove at

the York Nurseries is one of the best grown examples
of this Nepenthes we have seen ; the pitchers are
quite a foot long, and of the deepest crimson colour.
This is one of the gems of this singular genus, and
deserves a place wherever there is a warm moist stove
at command.

Aloe Bainesii. — A letter from Cape Town,

dated June 4, states that Aloe Bainesii was then
coming into flower in the Cape Town Botanic
Garden,

The Phyllo.xera Laws at the Cape. —

A Cape Town correspondent writes, that an ill-timed
and ill-managed attempt to relax the Cape Anti-
Phylloxera laws has resulted in the downfall of the
ScANLEN Ministry. It was recommended, in face of
the strong feeling shown by the wine farmers, who
are a compact political body, to relax only so far as
to admit tubers and bulbs in a dry state. This would
probably have led to no harm, and would have con-
tented the anti-Phylloxerists of extreme type. But the
Ministry being previously almost moribund, an easy
victory was snatched, and the old stringent regula-
tions were re-enacted. We hear that one gentleman
who tried to get in a large parcel of Roses between
proclamation and proclamation — failed, and all the
plants were burnt by the Customs,

Tacsonia insignis, planted out twelve

months since, and trained against a sheltered wall of
one of the offices in the York Nurseries, is now making
growth. It has stood 12° of frost; how low a tem-
perature it will bear yet remains to be seen.

The American Association. — The

Botanical Gazette states that the notable English
botanists who may be confidently expected to attend
the American Association at Philadelphia are, so far
as now known. Sir J. 1). Hooker, Prof. MacNab,
Mr. John Ball, Mr. Alfred Bennett, and Sir
John Lubbock. The preparations for the enter-
tainment of botanists at the Philadelphia meeting are
steadily progressing. Among the special excursions
decided upon is one to the Bartram House and
garden at Kinsessing, and another to the Pine barrens
of New Jersey.

Todeas at the York Nurseries. — In

the lean-to north house, 80 feet long, in three
divisions — hot, greenhouse, and cool — filled with
Filmy F^ems, the plants, of which there are some

thousands, are in beautiful condition ; none are
confined under glasses, all having the full air of the
house in which they are grown. Where only a few
of these plants are grown, in company with other
things, their beauty is only imperfectly seen ; but
where the collection is complete the varied forms,
contrasting as they do with each other, are seen to
advantage. There are many specimens of Todea
3 feet across.

Delphiniums. — These fine herbaceous

flowers, which are now indispensable in the herba-
ceous border, are to be found in great variety, their
colours exhibiting almost every shade of blue, violet,
and purple. We received from Mr. T. Ware, Hale
Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, a rather numerous
assortment of them, from which, as more distinct
than some others, we select the following :— James
Helme, a ccerulean blue, with a slender long spike
having smallish blooms closely set ; Madame Rougier,
similar in colour, with the addition of a silvery sheen j
Leonie Barbe, a pale blue, but of a different shade,
and with a massive truss. Madame Stenger, Pul-
chrum, and Azureum reckon also among the finer light
blue-tinted flowers. Of deeper shades of blue are
Lifeguardsman, with a long moderately dense spike,
the blooms being large and of a pure colour ; Con-
spicuum is nearly of the same tint, but with white
anthers of a large size, and massive much branched
spike ; Madame Joigneaux, a dark purplish-blue,
with blooms that expand well ; Hendersoni, still one
of the best of the deep blue section ; Madame Le
Bihan is a semi-double metallic blue, having a strong
spike of great length ; Madame Richalet is a moder-
ately large flower and spike ; Protee, a dark flower
of smallish size — very pretty and compact ; Alope-
curioides, a very charming dark blue variety, the
blooms having the shape of rosettes that are close and
neat. These last three are double-flowered varieties,
and are very distinct,

English and Spanish Iris. — Thanks to

Messrs. Veitch & Son, and others, some idea could
be entertained of the beauty of these handsome hardy
flowers at the last meeting of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society The collection from the Chel-
sea nurseries was in the form of large and showy
bunches of cut flowers, well set up, and really very
instructive. A selection of the best varieties would
give the following : — Hope, deep purplish-blue ;
Mungo Park, maroon ; Apollo, blue ; Lady Ann,
rich purple ; Formosa, mottled purple and white ;
Julia, pale blue ; Penelope, white, with featherings of
pale purple — very pretty ; Aurea perfecta, golden-
yellow ; Mont Blanc, white ; Miss Wild, deep
purple ; Miranda, a very distinct and beautiful
variety, the ground suffused with delicate blue, and
flaked with reddish-purple ; and La Dame du Lac,
the lip rich golden-yellow, the crest pale blue flaked
with dark blue. The Spanish Iris were showy be-
cause of the rich golden-yellow seen on the lip. What
were named German Iris appeared to be smaller
flowered types of the English Iris, but mostly with
white and blue or lilac striped flowers. For border
purposes these Irises are very showy and useful at this
season of the year ; and it would appear from what
was seen on this occasion that the varieties grow in
number rapidly. Those named would make a charm-
ing collection for any one to commence with, but
whether they are to be found in plant lists generally,
or are varieties solely in the possession of IMessrs.
Veitch & Sons, we cannot say, but at most nurseries
a selection of good varieties is cultivated.

Open Spaces in London. — A meeting of

the Metropolitan Public Garden, Boulevard, and
Playground Association was held lately at the resid-
ence of Lord Drabazon, 83, Lancaster Gate, Mr.
Ernest Hart in the chair. It was stated that the
"playground " at old Horsemonger Lane Gaol had
been olfered as a free gilt by this Association to the
local vestry, subject to a ground rent of 5^. a year,
payable to the Surrey magistrates. This Association
have spent over ^300 in improving this ground. The
Metropolitan Board of Works had been asked on
June 19 to lay out and maintain as an open space a
disused burial-ground situated in the vicinity of the
Royal Mint, formerly belonging to St. Botolph, Aid-
gate, but now their property, and offered for sale as a
building site. Part of it is sold, and is about to be
used as such, which action they were asked to pre-
vent. The Marquis of Northampton was willing
to allow the Association to open to the public as

a recreation ground Spa Fields, Cleikenwell, and
there was every probability of his giving his con-
sent in the case of three other squares in
the neighbourhood. The opening of the garden
of Cliflbrd's Inn and that of the south-east
extremity of Blackfriars Bridge had occupied the
attention of the Corporation, as supported by this
Association, with [every prospect of success. The
laying out of Marlborough Square, Chelsea, and the
churchyard of St. Luke's, Chelsea, was certain to be ■
carried out by the local vestry, on the suggestion of
this Association, which has asked the Limehouse
Board of Works to take over under the Metropolitan
Open Spaces Act of iSSi the disused churchyards
of St. Dunstan's, Stepney; St. James', Ratcliff; St.
Anne's, Limehouse ; and St. Paul's, Shadwell ; the
estimated cost of laying out these four grounds as
public gardens would amount to /^2200. Half of
these amounts would be furnished by the Metropolitan
Board of Works. The Association are about to
initiate a movement for the acquisition of a magnifi-
cent park bordering the northern suburbs of London,
300 acres in extent. A vote of thanks to the Chair-
man brought the proceedings to a close. — The St.
George's burial-ground in Wakefield Street, Gray's
Inn Road, was formally thrown open to the public on
Tuesday by the Princess Louise, Marchioness of
LoRNE. The work has been taken in hand by the
Kyrle Society, with the understanding that things
should be kept in order by the vestry. Asphalle
paths, with a seat here and there, have been laid
down, and the remainder of the ground, except where
a small bed has been let in, has been sown with grass.
A fountain ornaments the centre of the garden, and
for the most part the tombstones have been taken up
and placed against the walls.

Clematis. — We have not seen any of the

light coloured Clematis grown in a position where the
flowers were so well shown off as they are trained
thinly round the old dead trunks of a couple of Dick-
sonia antarctica standing at each side of a walk in the
York Nurseries. The black colour of these gigantic
Fern stems brings out the form and colour of the
flowers remarkably. The dead trunks of this Fern
appear to be very enduring. These have been stood
out here twenty-five years, and they look as fresh as
if they had not been dead so many weeks.

The Dunmow Verbenas. — Mr. W. H.

Stacey's persistency with the Verbena is meeting
with the fitting reward of having his work recognised.
It is needful that certificates be awarded to new
varieties of this flower with care, but the Floral Com-
mittee are not slow to recognise what is of undoubted
merit. Thus Striata, awarded a First-class Certificate
of Merit on the 24th inst., possesses much distinctness
of character and novelty of marking, the lavender-pink
and white quarterings being regular, and the pip
stout and of fine form. Fantastic is another pretty
striped variety, having pencillings and flakes of bright
crimson on a white ground ; in the case of a pale
form of this variety the pencillings were slight, and of
a pink colour. Hamlet is a fine orange-crimson
variety ; Orion, fine in colour and bold in the truss ;
and Ophelia, rich pucy-rose, very fine both in pip
and truss. Lilacina is of a pale lilac-mauve colour,
very pretty and distinct also. It is gratifying to
observe that the Verbena is not the neglected plant
some had feared it had become.

INCICENTS OF THE DROUGHT. — No doubl

the greater portion of the pleasure-loving public
think the weather we have had of late to be the most
delightful and enjoyable imaginable. It is, of course,
a pity that fine weather should do any harm, but that
is just what does follow upon so long and unwonted
a spell of it as the present season has afforded. The
fruit growers who saw with dismay the imperative
ruin of their top crops last April certainly solaced
themselves with the reflection that bush fruits were
fairly plentiful and Strawberries full of promise. But
already the drought has in dry soils practically setlleil
the latter crop ere it had given one-half its promised
abundance, and only where water could be given
liberally has there been anything like an average
yield. Raspberries, too, are small and greatly suffer-
ing, and Currants are exceedingly blighted. The
poor birds, also driven by stress of drought, are
almost ravenous after soft fruits, and the rooks play
havoc with Peas, and scratch out the young Potatos,
because of the absence of moisture and ordinary food.
Peas, too, are hard and dry eating. They have little

July 5, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

19

flavour, and the crop is hardly one half the customary
yield. The getting out of winter plants, and specially
Brussels Sprouts and autumn Cauliflowers (a pressing
necessity), can only be done with the aid of the water-
cait, and the prime necessity of all life is far from
plentiful. Generally the Polatos yet look well, but
the root-produce is greatly suftering, and every week
of drought now will render the prospect of a good
toot crop exceedingly uncertain. The disease will
have a poor prospect of working mischief, and so far
that is satisfactory ; but some good rains for the
Potato would be much less an evil. If long delayed
vegetable, as well as fruit growers, must look for a
disastrous season.

Pterostvrax hispida.— Mr. Gumbleton

obligingly sends us a specimen of this very ornamental
hardy shrub, which has much the appearance of a
Deutzia, though widely removed from that genus.
We propose shortly to give a figure of this valuable
plant, which is as yet little known in gardens. From
^fr. Gumbleton also, as well as from the Cambridge
Botanic Garden, and from other correspondents, we
have received various species of Philadelphus — -popu-
larly, but erroneously, called Syringa. These are
among the most lovely of flowering shrubs, but as
usual there is much confusion as to their names.

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti-
tution.— Whether regarded from a financial or social
point of view, the forty-first annual festival of this
Institution, held on Wednesday evening, under the
presidency of George Lambert, Esq., was a great
success, the financial results especially being of the
most satisfactory character, the sum collected being,
with two or three notable exceptions, the largest
amount raised at any of these gatherings. The Chair-
man, we are glad to say, was well supported by nur-
serymen and gardeners, and the decoration of the
tables — always a prominent feature at this festival-
was never carried out with better taste than on this
occasion, by Miss Williams, of Holloway. Mr.
B. S. Williams, Messrs. Veitch, Messrs. Charles
Lee & Son, Messrs. Cannell, Messrs. Paul
& Sox, Cooling, Bath ; Cranston, Smith,
Fisher Holmes, and others, were heartily thanked
for their floral contributions, the donors of fruit
also not being forgotten. The usual loyal and
patriotic toasts having been duly honoured, and
" The Services " responded to by Colonel Shadwell
Clarke, the Chairman gave •' The Gardeners' Royal
Benevolent Institution — long may it continue its
usefulness," and in so doing commented upon
the pleasures and delights which business men en-
joyed, either from the practice of the gardener's art
themselves during what little leisure time they had,
or as partakers of the luscious fruits, the toothsome
and wholesome vegetables grown for them by the
gardeners — the cause of the unfortunate among whom
it was his mission and his great pleasure that evening
to plead. There was nothing like gardening to rub
off a little of the cash-book and ledger, to which
*' we Londoners " seem to be chained for the best
part of the day, whether it was in the pure air of the
country or even in the less salubrious dust-holes digni-
fied with the name of gardens in towns. It ameliorated
the troubles of the business man, and materially
helped to lengthen his days. As to the professional
gardener — he was a man who worked early and late,
in extremes of heat and cold, and it was the fre-
quent and sudden transition from one of these atmo-
spheric conditions to the other that made him a prey
to many disorders, and tended to bring on premature
decrepitude. It was to help deserving men of this
class who in the evening of life found them-
selves in want of assistance, that this admirable
Institution had been founded, and conducted for
so many years with an amount of success that all
must admit was remarkable. He appealed to
those before him to do their utmost in the
cause of this charity ; to consider their wealth as
not their own, but as trust-money of which they had
the dispensing, and of which he hoped the gardeners
would always get a good share. For his own part he
would be always glad to help them, and he hoped
that so good an Institution would root and branch
flourish for ever. The toast was feelingly responded
to by Mr. John Lee, the father of the Institution,
after which Mr. Shirley Hibberd gave "The Cor-
poration and Guilds of London," which was responded
to by Mr. Alderman De Keyser ; and Mr. CoL-
lixgridge, the Master of the Horners' Company.
The Treasurer, Mr, Tidswell, in proposing the

" Health of the Chairman," announced the financial
result of the gathering— over ;^iooo. The Chairman's
list, which included Ico gs. from himself, amounted
'0 Liy- The announcement of these figures was
received with the usual signs of approbation, and the
Chairman thanked them all for their kindness in
making his tenure of the Chair so beneficial to the
Institution, and so pleasant to himself. Several other
toasts followed, including " The Secretary," who, it
was said, had the " Institution on the brain " night
and day, and who was never so happy as when doing
his best to help the needy gardeners.

Watering in Hot Weather.— Watering

pot plants is an operation that is frequently supposed
may be done by any one, and that if pnly enough is
given, provided the drainage in the pots is in a condi-
tion that admits of the water passing freely through
it, all will go light ; yet a more fallacious notion
could scarcely exist, for not only is there great
difference in the more or less moist condition the sail
needs to be kept continually in through the growing
season with different kinds of plants, and which
needs to be understood by those who have this work
to carry out, but it is equally necessary for the
operator to know the different degrees of dryness the
soil should be allowed to get to with plants that are
different in their nature before water is given them.
As instance, although the soil in which a Hydrangea
or a Chrysanthemum is growing may be in no moister
a condition when newly watered than that of a large-
flowered or a fancy Pelargonium after water has alike
been applied, still if the soil of either of the last named
plants is not allowed to become muchdrier before being
watered than is needful with the former, the roots
will very soon be irreparably injured. The same
holds good in respect to such things as Genistas and
Acacias, on the one hand, as compared with Heaths
and Epacrises on the other ; with the latter the soil
needs to be permitted to get all but dry before water
is given — in fact, so dry that it would cause the former
to flag if carried so far in their case. The different
treatment required by the plants above instanced only
serves to illustrate the wide difference that exists in the
moisture requirements of the large number of plants
now subject to pot-culture, the necessary acquaintance
with which can only be fully learnt by practice, and
attentive observation in noting the varied wants of
different species and varieties. It is scarcely needful
to say that in hot summer weather more attention and
judgment require to be brought to bear on this im-
portant operation of watering, for plants of all kinds
will not only bear, but require, correspondingly more
moisture present in the soil when, in addition to their
being in full growth, they are surrounded by a drier
atmosphere that fast sucks the moisture out of the
open pores of their young soft leaves. The healthy
condition of pot-plants to some extent depends on the
time of day they are watered : morning, and well on
in the evening, are often said to be alike suitable ;
but morning is much to be preferred ; the work then
is less likely to be hurried through, and odd plants
missed. If with a given set of plants the work is
always carried out by the same hand, it is much more
likely to be done satisfactorily. Plants, like animals,
do not usually like a change of attendants, providing
those who attend to them are fond of them, without
which in both cases they often fare badly. Watering
in the middle of the day under a blazing sun is so
proverbially wrong as to scarcely require alluding to ;
but if a plant of any kind, however common or
insusceptible of injury, is found dry, and perchance
flagging, it should be shaded before it is watered,
letting the shade remain over it a couple of hours
until it has had time to recover. There is no cause
more likely to produce sudden death than giving
water to a drooping plant under the full force of the
sun.

— ^ Plant Shades. — The hot suns of summer,
when we get them, do our flowering pot-plants no
good, in fact, if we expose them, either out-of-doors
or keep them in glasshouses — that are carefully shaded
— the time we can enjoy them is woefully shortened
by a period of real warm weather. There are Rho-
dodendrons, of the hybrid arboreum kinds, especially
the latest blooming ones, Sikkim species — Roses,
New Holland Boronias, Aotus, early Fuchsias, Pelar-
goniums, and Odontoglossum Alexandras, Cypri-
pediums, &c., which would enjoy life under some
fixed kind of shading. Here they would be benefited
by the cool air of night and by its dews, and owing to
the direct rays of the sun being passed between some

opaque material, the flowers would not fade prema-
turely, and the foliage would not get burnt or changed
to unpleasing shades of colour As theorising is con-
sidered to be dangerous by our practical gardeners,
the recorded observations of one of themselves will
be more likely to find listeners. The structure
seen was put up by a Continental nurseryman, now
deceased, for the purposes indicated above, and being
the property of a plant grower who could not afford
unnecessary decorative detail, the structure was con-
spicuous for its severe simplicity. The form was that
of a span- roofed greenhouse, minus the sides and ends,
which were quite open. The roof was made of tiling-
laths, placed diagonally across the light rafters, that
were made of deal, \\ inch thick, by 3 inches
in depth. The laths were quite 2 inches asunder,
and the rafters that carried them were 5 feet apart.
This roof rested on squared posts of 5-inch stuff", with
champfered edges, and were securely fixed in holes in
the soil. The height at the eaves was from 5 feet to
7 feet, so that a person could enter conveniently, and
large plants be put in without unnecessarily tilting
them over. Through such a lattice roof, which may be
painted green, and so rendered inconspicuous in the
garden, the sun's rays penetrate sufficiently to avoid
spindling of the growth, and to preserve the perfectly
healthy look of all foliage : if there is no overcrowd-
ing of the specimens. Plants do not scald, as the
shadows from above are constantly shifting, and the
air keeps in slight motion always. The sides may be
left open or may be enclosed with flowerless shrubs,
or be planted round with tall herbaceous plants, as
Dahlias, Hollyhocks, Castor-oil plants, Cannas, &c. ,
or be closed with canvas, mats, or lighter lattice-
work movable screens. If it rains there is no drip,
and when there are dews the plants benefit likewise.

Elms. — The danger of being under these

trees on still, hot days, was well shown on the occa-
sion of the flower show at Chislehurst, a large limb
falling from a great height without any preliminary
crackUng ol the wood, as would be the case in less
brittle timber. Fortunately the visitors v/ere resting
under an Oak in the neighbourhood of the band-
stand, no one being near the Elm at the time, so that
there was no accident to spoil the enjoyment of the
gathering.

The Jersey Potato Crop is, we (Jcrsi)/

Gardener) hear, likely to turn out an unusually good
one this season ; and although the earliest crop did
not yield over well, the later ones have made amends,
and the total export will probably exceed 45,000 tons,
and realise over ^300,000.

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending June 30, 1S84, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 1 16, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has been cloudy over Ireland, but
generally fine and bright in England and the greater
part of Scotland. Towards the close of the period,
however, the weather over England became tempo-
rarily unsettled, with local thunderstorms, and some
heavy falls of rain. The temperature has been about
equal to the mean in " Scotland, N.," and the
" Channel Islands," but from 1° to 3° above it in all
other districts. The maxima, which were recorded
on the 27th or 2Sth, varied from 71" in *' Scotland,
N.," and 75" in " Ireland, S.," and the "Channel
Islands" to Si° in "England, N.W.," and "Ire-
land, N.," S3* in the "Midland Counties," "Eng-
land, S.," and " Scotland, W.," and 84* in "Eng-
land, E ," and " England, S.W." The minima were
registered on the 26th, and in "Scotland, N.," and
" England, E.," were as low as 39°, while in
other parts of the kingdom they varied from 41° 1049°.
The rainfall has been a little more than the mean in the
"Midland Counties " and the "Channel Islands,"
and about equal to it in " England, S,," but less else-
where. Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than
during last week over our south-western districts, but
considerably more so in all other places. The per-
centages of possible duration varied from 62 in
" England, N.E.," 59 in " England, E.," and 58 in
the "Channel Islands," to 29 in "Ireland, S.,"and 24
in " Ireland, N." Depressions observed. — Barometric
pressure has been generally high and uniform over the
whole of our area, the only depression observed being
some travelling north-eastwards over Scandinavia
during the earlier partof the period and a few local
" thunderstorm " disturbances over England towards
its close. Light or moderate breezes from the westward
were general during thefirst few days of the week, but
subsequently variable airs or light breezes from the
eastward.

20

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

guLY 5, l8

DINNER-TABLE DECORATIONS.

Exhibitors of these efforts of good or bad taste
have some reason to complain of the eccentricity which
seems to govern judges in making their awards when
dressed vases, epergnes, or similar objects are con-
cerned. Indeed, we may well go a little farther, and
include in the list of exhibits which now and then call
forth strange decisions such popular subjects as plant
groups. One who has long been a prominent exhibitor
in all ^these subjects but the other day remarked that
" You never knew where you are, for in working out
the most favoured designs of one class of judges you
certainly fall into discredit with others, and it is im-
possible, even if seeming to follow the best canons of
taste, to be sure you are right." There are many things
in flower shows which judge themselves, and in re-
ference to which the most obstinate censor can hardly
go wrong J but when decorative efforts, the which can
only be judged in accordance with the taste shown in
their production, come under consideration, decisions
prove to be all abroad. But a few days since, at a
prominent suburban show, where table decorations
are always well done and largely shown, we saw with
pain some singularly beautiful stands either passed
over or put low down, because the judges favoured
others that were more densely loaded — indeed, were
so crowded with material that they presented objec-
tionable obstacles to social intercourse at any dining
table. It might have obtained for the rejected stands
some consideration that they were the products of
some of the most experienced decorators of the day ;
but perchance the judges knew not of that. Still, it
is evident that when the best professional talent is
brought to bear upon such objects that ordinary judges
may well pause, and ask how far they have qualifica-
tions that entitled them to censure the outcome of
educated professional experience. It is very obvious
that the training of a good plant grower, or any ordinary
gardener, or even of a successful nurseryman, hardly
qualifies for the judging of objects of taste or of art,
and it is pitiful when, through the want ol fitting
capacity, mistakes are made that might well make
angels weep.

That there is some tendency to utilise stands of a
much lighter character now for floral or table deco-
rations than we have long been accustomed to is
evident. The old March stand, with its two or
three dishes, one above the other, and rendering
variety in dressing impossible, is now becoming ob-
solete. To that design there followed one of more
pleasing character, in which the centre stem rising
from out a vase dish, was supported by three side
cornucopias, and one on the top completed the stand.
These are now pronounced to be too heavy, and
wanting in elegance and taste. Nay more, they are
too short as a rule, for in the newest forms of stands,
or epergnes, we see a small stem bearing a small
vase rising to a height of from 20 to 24 inches from
out a single dish, and the decorator is enabled by
using a simple fastening of wire to add small side
vases or glasses as he likes, and at what elevation
seems desirable. Thus we saw in two sets of these
stands shown the other day— all very lightly, elegantly,
and tastefully decorated — that whilst in one case the
decorator had affixed movable side vases to his centre
stand only, the other had movable vases to his two end
stands. In the latter case there was, however, one
defect in the stands, and that was that the height of
the three was almost uniform, whilst of the other three
the two end ones were at least 3 inches shorter than
was the centre one. This avoidance of uniformity in
height gave to the stands in question considerable
advantage. Without doubt also stands of this pat-
tern admit of more variety and of taste in dressing
than do the older forms. Specially pleasing are they
that, when dressed, they offer no obstacle to con-
versation across a dining-table, and do not admit of
that tendency to overload which marks so many
amateur decorators. Some pleasing effects are obtained
by utilising shoots of the climbing Cissus discolor, or
of the climbing Fern, for dressing the stems, for the
object of the decorator should be, not to absolutely
hide the stem of the stand, but rather to shape its
nakedness with some suitable clothing. Grasses of
the coarse field form arc now less employed than
formerly, but the pretty Barley-grass is made to play
a pleasing part in decorative effects. To say what
flowers look best is to say that which would be
absurd, simply because the decorator must always use
the material to h.ind. Still, it is just as well not to
introduce too much variety, and specially to avoid

intense hues. It is not an unco nmon objection to
some yet very charming arrangement that the flowers
used would be unsuitable for artificial light, but we
rather take it that the decorator is justified in con-
sidering the conditions of light under which his
stands will be judged, and not troubling about
conditions that will not exist. Flower show com-
mittees might ofttimes render to exhibitors of these
stands more justice in the matter of space, for too
often the stands are crowded together, much to their
injury. One condition ought to be affixed to all
these decorative competitions, and that is, that all
should be dressed in the show by the real compe-
titors. The lack of such stipulation sometimes leads
to results that are the reverse of honest.

HEALTH EXHIBITION.

This seems to be inexhaustible. The sight-seer
who, from repeated visits, has familiarised himself
with the main galleries, will nevertheless find him-
self coming upon some previously overlooked nook
or corner, containing something of interest. One
such is the Anthropometric laboratory, in one of
the supplementary corridors. Here, for a fee of
threepence, the visitor may test the relative excellence
of his eyesight in judging the distance and positions
of objects, the correctness of his sense of colour —
an [important point for florists — the keenness of his
hearing, the force and rapidity of his blow, the
extent of his breathing capacity, his height, weight,
and a variety of other particulars of first-rate import-
ance to the individual himself, and also valuable as
furnishing materials for the statistician, statesman, and
medical man. In another nook we came across a
horticultural exhibit which had escaped our notice
previously, and to which, strangely, our attention had
not been called — we allude to a display of cordon
fruit trees, trained obliquely on walls, or as espaliers,
and, prettiest of all, on wire arches. The space is too
limited for many to be shown, but the sample is good,
and the effect pleasing. We have only to add that the
exhibit in question is that of Messrs. Cheal & Sons.
How to find it at the " Healtheries " without a map
we do not know, so we may add that Messrs. Cheal's
addresss is Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex.

A considerable amount of useful and entertaining
literature may be had by simply making a collection
of the handbills and circulars offered to the visitor.
Before us is one advocating the virtues of Quillaia.
The botanist will know that this is the bark of
Quillaia saponaria, the Soap-bark of Chili, a Rosa-
ceous tree. The bark contains much Saponin, so
that the virtues claimed for Quillaia on the hand-
bill as a means of removing grease and dirt, may
readily be admitted. We demur, however, to the
statement that it has never before been introduced
into this country. Marvel of marvels ! — there is no
name or address on the handbill, and so we cannot
tell the reader where to procure this really useful
article. We cannot say so much in favour of roasted
acorns for coffee — acorns are but acorns even when
roasted — and no amount of torrefaction will mix
their starch with the fragrant nerve-restoring
caffein. Dried Chestnuts displayed as such, and
not made into coffee, are good honest starch and
sugar-yielding productions, which may heartily be
commended.

There is something to be said in favour of the Bread
Reform League, who advocate bread reform, and
few things to our taste stand in greater need of it
in this country, where bread is usually either as dry
and tasteless as sawdust or as digestible as sponge.
The whole of the meal, including the outer gluten-
cells — often entirely discarded, though really con-
taining the most important food product of Wheat —
is uniformly ground into the finest flour.

Indian and Ceylon Teas were noticed in a former
number. To keep tea hot, or preserve ice from melt-
ing, and for a variety of other purposes, Silver's
Housemaid's Friend and Norwegian cooking apparatus
may be strengly recommended. Their cost, however,
seems so large as to be likely to be a check to
their use. — HuUett's canteen, being a good thing for
soldiers, tourists, and sportsmen, why should it not
be equally good for the workman or labourer, who
often has to get his meals at a distance from home
how he can ? Will not Messrs. Hullett contrive
some less expensive article which would meet the
wants of the class we allude to ? — The City of London
Sanitary Association, 61, Cannon Street, provide a
kettle without a lid, without a bottom, without a

spout, and, if we do not place too literal an interpre-
tation on the words, their statement may be accepted
as fact. In truth the kettle is a modified saddle boiler,
and every gardener knows how useful they are.

In an out-of-the-way corner, where, if the visitor
find his way, he stands a chance of being watched to
see that he is not about to deposit dynamite and blow
up the dairy and the kitchen of Messrs. Bertram
& Roberts, Messrs. James Carter & Co. have a
series of samples of named grasses, &c., in growth.
These are amply worth inspection, while their
" Explanatory Guide " to their remarkable " exhibit "
in the South Gallery, already referred to — a copy of
which has just reached us — is worth keeping as a per-
manent record of much valuable information, acces-
sible enough to those who have libraries at command,
but not so easily obtainable to those whose books are
necessarily few.

J4ojvlE j^ORREgPOp^DEp^CE.

Chrysanthemum segetum. — Farmers around
here are incredulous when I tell them that this plant
often receives favourable notice in the gardening
papers, and that the flowers are sold in London for
decorative purposes, as some of the fields on this
estate are so full of this Chrysanthemum that the
tenants regard it as the most troublesome weed they
have to deal with, for, like most of the Composit?e, it
seeds profusely, and soon covers the ground. If the
farmers could only sell the flowers, even at a very
cheap rate, they would make quite a fortune, but they
cannot get an offer, as I persuaded one 4o send a
hamper of them up to a salesman at Covent Garden
to see what could be done, and he sent to say they
were no use, which quite disappointed my friend,
who began to have visions that his weeds would bring
him a profit, and that farming had taken quite a new
turn. When I meet him now he slyly asks me if
there is any demand for Boodle blooms — Boodle
being the name he knows the Chrysanthemum under,
and I tell him that he and others grow too many, as
the fashion for them has only just set in. Ox-eyed
Daisies, according to some accounts, are now sought
after, and with wild grasses they really dress well, and
only want a few coloured single Pyrethrums to mix
with them to make a fine show. ^. 6".

Tulipa Gesneriana. — In the Archives Italiennes
de Biologic of April, 1S84, Dr. Emile Levier has an
article on the origin of Savoyard and Italian Tulips,
and there, speaking of the different TuHps which are
described as Gesneriana, proposes the name of Tulipa
connivens for the Gesneriana of Parlatore, of which
the Tulip figured in the Botanical Register^ vol. xxiv.,
plate 46, is said to be a garden form, as it has, accord-
ing to the author, nothing to do with the Tulips
described as Gesneriana. I am able to say something
about the probable origin of the name Gesneriana,
given to that garden form figured in the Botanical
Re^isier^ and which may interest the readers of the
Gardeners^ Chronicle. The Gesneriana of the Bolani'
cal Rt'j^islcr is doubtless the same Tulip that was
cultivated for years under that name in the Dutch
collections, although there are various other red
Tulips in Holland as Gesneriana which, however, are
there not considered to be the true sort. The true
Gesneriana of Dutch gardens {the same as that of the
Botanical Rcj^ister) was first cultivated by the late
Mr. Vincent van der Vinne, a famous Tulip as well
as Hyacinth grower, and a descendant of the
family of painters of that name, of whom some
were known as possessors of Tulips 150 years ago.
The above-mentioned Gesneriana Tulip was received
by Mr. van der Vinne from the south without name,
and he applied to it the name Gesneriana, as it seemed
to him to be the most appropriate. The plant
figured in the Botanical Register is most probably
taken from a Tulip derived trom this stock. The
remaining stock of this T. Gesneriana, after it had
been already in commerce for a long period of years,
was sold by public auction in 1S63, when Mr. van der
Vinne gave up cultivating these plants. Then also a
great number of seedlings were sold for the first time,
among them four [hundred sorts of late mother
Tulips or selfs, loo also the following sorts offered as
seedlings of Mr. van der Vinne, which are usually
classified among miscellaneous Tulips, viz., elegans,
maculata, major, retroflexa, fulgens, fulgens variegata,
vitellina, flava, carinala rubra, and carinata violacea.
As for the parentage of these Tulips nothing
was ever published. Among these is T. fulgens,
which has been considered to be the same as T.
Gesneriana, Botanical Register, This is not the
case, as the true l^utch Tulipa fulgens jis that originally
from Mr. van der Vinne's collection, and it differs
from the true Dutch T. Gesneriana, which came from
the same source. Very often all the varieties which
are called in Holland Due Van ThoU are considered
to belong to Tulipa suaveolens, of which the common

July s, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

21

single Due Van Tholl is the cultivated type. This is
not at all true ; among these Dutch-called Due Van
ThoII Tulips there are some which certainly had
another origin. So the now so generally grown
scarlet Due Van Tholl, figured among others as a
variety of T. suaveolens in the Flores Jcs Sfrn'Hf t.
1223, belongs to the common early single Tulip (T.
pubescens, Willd.). It was cultivated formerly in
Holland among this class, under the name of
Dolphyn, but, although a very fine Tulip, it did not
sell, so the owner changed the name and ofTered it as
scarlet Due Xsld Tholl. This name made it popular,
and that it deserved to be so is proved by the fact, that
now it is sent out annually by the million, and it will
always remain one of the most popular bulbs for grow-
ing, as well as for bedding-out. 7. ^- A'«/<i.ij<f,
Haarhm^ yune 24.

The Double White Rocket.— A rooted cutting
of this good old plant, brought to me from a cottage
garden two years last April, is now a plant 2 feet
9 inches high and 3 feet through, with twenty stems
rising from the base carrying flower-heads 9 inches
long. The donor has had it for years, and makes it
a practice of inserting a few cuttings annually, which
is a safe method of preserving the plants with cer-
tainty. His practice is to cut oft" the flower-heads
just when they are on the wane from an odd plant or
two, and later on, as the buds are pushing, he takes
the portions of flower-stems left, and cuts them into
pieces about 4 inches long and inserts them where
they are screened from the mid-day sun, under the
east side of a Gooseberry bush being his favourite
spot. My method of propagating has been to cut
the shoots off" to within 3 or 4 inches of the
base, and when the young shoots were long
enough to remove them with a heel and insert them
under hand-glasses. The flower-stem cuttings are the
least trouble, and are equally certain to form roots,
but to secure them involves the sacrificing of the
flowers from the desired number of plants, for it will
not do to allow them to remain after the first
symptoms of fading. As one of your correspondents
has already remarked, I found the plant short-lived in
the neighbourhood of London, and very rarely to be
met with. When I formed the herbaceous garden at
Peterborough House, Fulham (which contained the
best private collection near London at that time), I
received two plants from Mr. Parker, of Tooting, in
the spring of the year, and they did very well, but
perished during the winter ; but the cuttings secured
from them survived, and were planted in holes well
lined with cow-dung, with the view of keeping them
cooler during the summer, but only one lived over the
winter, and I was disposed to attribute the failure to
an atmosphere heavily laden with moisture and smoke,
in which everything was enveloped sometimes for
days. We have here what is termed the purple
variety, and I am suspicious of the sportive tendency
of the white to become that colour, as I have observed
spikes heavily tinted on some of the plants. Soil,
climate, and probably culture, exercise considerable
influence in deciding the character of the plant, and
any one seeing the plant near London, for instance,
may be pardoned for concluding that it is a distinct
kind to that grown some distance ofl^. W, Roberts,
Citerden Hall, Preston.

Aerial Roots on Vines.— I have read Mr.
Bishop's remarks on this subject, and am of opinion
that their growing on Vines is no sign that such Vines
are suffering from ill-treatment, or are in any degree
in an unsatisfactory state, notwithstanding what Mr.
Thompson says in his work on Vines to the contrary.
For the last sixteen years I have had charge of
vineries in England, Ireland, and Scotland. I have
had new vineries, old vineries, and middle-aged ones
to manage during that time. I have always extracted
abundant crops from them, with hardly an exception,
and I may say that I never was free of these aerial
roots during the time we were forced to keep the
houses moist until the bunches started colouring,
when, of course, we kept them dry. These roots
then soon shrivelled and disappeared. I never
detected that they in the slightest degree weakened
or injured the canes so affected, and I can guarantee
they were on some of the best. Hence I have come
to the conclusion that they are caused or brought on
by the heat and moisture which necessarily must be
in vineries in the first period of growing Grapes, and
that they will come no matter how well borders and
ventilation are attended to. A. Macdonald, Tlie
Gardens, Royal Asylum, Cheadle, Manchester.

A Cure for Gumming in Cucumbers.— I have
been a Cucumber grower for years, and, like most
others, have at times experienced a good deal of
trouble from attacks of gumming. The usual reme-
dies have been resorted to, viz., boring the stem,
keeping the stems dry, dusting with dry lime, &c. ;
but the gumming continued, and the plants eventually
died, and I don't remember a single instance in which
any of the methods adopted was of any avail. This
season I planted two houses in the usual way. For

bottom-heat I put in about a foot deep of old Mush-
room manure, horse-droppings, and shoddy mixed,
and the soil used was from an old meadow. The
plants set olT and got to such a degree of vigour as to
excite great hopes of a fine crop ; but presently they
showed signs of gumming, and several went off, and
considerable uneasiness was lelt as to the fate of the
rest, as several showed unmistakable signs of the dreaded
disease. Between hope and desperation, however, I
set to work by removing the soil from the stem, and
with a pocket-knife scraped off every particle of gum
until the stem looked fresh and clean ; in some
instances the stem was quite half gone. I then
got some potting sand and put round the stem,
afterwards covering up with some nice fibry soil,
taking care that the wounded part was completely
covered with the sand and the soil packed up the
stem an inch farther. And now as to the result. A
week afterwards the stem was examined and found to
present a healthy appearance, being covered with
white dots, as if new roots were being formed, and a
week later proved that such was the case ; and now
from and above the wounded part roots are being
freely formed in the soil, so that I believe the remedy
is in my own hands. It would be interesting to your
Cucumber growing readers, as well as to myself, to
know the result of such treatment as tried by others,
U.y. A, Bruce, Chorlton-mm- Hardy,

Foxgloves. — Undoubtedly these are fine things
for shrubberies or the backs of herbaceous borders, or
as I saw them last summer at Heythrop, the seat of
A. Brassey, Esq., in immense beds by the side of the
coach road. Owing to the dry weather these will be
rather shortlived this season. I have a pure white
strain without a spot of any kind, which I brought
from Hampshire a few years ago, and which, en-
twined with purple Rockets, are very telling in the
distance. Any of your readers desiring to obtain this
variety can do so by sending me a stamped envelope
as soon as the seed is ripe, which will be in a few
weeks. J. Corlett, Fawlcy Court, Henley-on-Thames.

Anchusas. — There is generally a great scarcity of
blue flowers, both indoors and out, but by growing
the Anchusas there need be no lack of that desirable
colour to ornament borders at and before this season,
as both A. italica and A. capensis come into bloom
very early, and lovely things they are in their rich
shades, the first-named being equal in depth to the
much-admired Gentian, and the latter rivalling the
Forget-me-Not in its delicate tone. To see A.
italica at its best, it should be planted well back in
the border, as in good soil it grows to a height of
4 or 5 feet, and when at either of those sizes produces
a bold and striking effect. The way to raise plants is
to sow seed, which sets and ripens in abundance,
and an increase may also be effected by division of
the crowns, which is best carried out in the spring, as
then the severed parts soon heal, and the crowns
quickly start into growth without feeling much check.
A. capensis, being a little more tender than the other,
requires a sheltered position, and is well adapted for
semi-wild places, where, if favoured in the way re-
ferred to, it establishes itself and spreads in a natural
way. J. S.

Annuals becoming Perennial. — This seems a
paradox, or a privileged Irish bull, but it is neverthe-
less true. For instance, two of the most useful and
not the least showy annuals I had last year in the
mixed borders, were Chrysanthemum coronarium
fl.-pl., both alba and aurea, and Marigold Meteor.
Some of these are much better than others — generally
the dwarfest in growth, like Stocks and other annuals,
turn out the finest in bloom. Observing this, I left in
the ground last winter a selection of each, and,
probably owing to the mildness of that time, they
slowly grew away, and have now been in bloom for
the past month, I must not be understood as saying
they had not previously flowered — this is the second
season of their doing so. The same thing evidently
applies to other annuals in mild winters, and points
the moral that the line of demarcation between
annuals and perennials is not so distinctly marked as
it may seem. W. y. Murphy, Clonmel.

Rhododendrons and Hardy Azaleas. — Al-
though these suffered from the dry winds just when
their buds were expanding, the rain came in time to
enable them to open their blossoms, and in districts
where the soil suits them bushes have been quite a
sight, as they were literally laden with flowers. No
doubt, much of this was due to the favourable season
last year, as during the time plants were making their
growth we had moist cool weather, and they therefore
developed plenty of young wood, which ripened well
after, and nearly every shoot set a bloom-bud at the
end. It cannot be expected that the bushes will do
this again quickly, unless they have some assistance,
which may be afforded by picking off the seed-pods,
the bearing and maturing of which are very exhaust-
ing— far more so than carrying the flowers, as may
quickly be seen by any one at all observant, for plants

soon show what a burden such a crop is to them in
the distressed look they present. As the plants burst
their wood-buds very soon after the blooms die away,
the pods should be picked off at once, when the work
may be carried on speedily without hurting the young
shoots just emerging, if ordinary care is exercised in
breaking the seed-heads out. The easiest and best way
of doing this is to take the whole bunch in the
hand and bend it sharply and suddenly on one side,
giving a pluck at the same time, when it will snap off
at the base, that being the weakest part, or where there
is a sort of joint at the crown of the wood. Not only
will the picking ol the pods greatly relieve the
plants, by freeing them from a burdensome load, but
it will make them look neat and tidy for the rest of
the season. With the pods oft', a mulching should
then be given, as the great thing with Rhododendrons
is to keep the roots shaded and cool, which can only
be done by covering the soil under the bushes with
some sort of litter, and if this is carried out the plants
will be enabled to bear the heat and drought of the
summer without suffering or failing to make plenty of
wood and set a fine lot of bud. Some advocate
manure for Rhododendrons, but though it may do
good on some soils, I think, in the majority of cases,
the plants are better without it, and if they have any
at all, it should be that from a stableyard containing
a good deal of short strawy matter, which kind of
material forms an excellent mulch, as the straw lies
light and loose, and is non-conducting, which makes
it valuable for the purpose referred to. J. S.

Watering and Mulching Combined. — If
there are many districts, similar to this, where
there has not been a heavy shower of rain, nor even
a good dew, for the past two months, then at pre-
sent there is no subject of equal vital importance
for gardeners. All this time, too, there has been a
somewhat tropical heat, and, as a rule, unclouded
skies. The temperature in the shade with me, as
noted by three Fahrenheit thermometers, varied little
under 66° or over 70°. I am particular in noting this,
as your correspondent's return is different from the
" South of Ireland." In trying to keep my flowers
alive, I have, in this case, the misfortune of growing
them on a southern incline, where, as a rule, water
does not lodge, and the further shortcoming of being
obliged to use hard water, much impregnated, espe-
cially with lime. Exposure to the sun considerably
"softens" the water; and while on this point I
would like to ask, ' Is the action of the sun
in softening the water chemical or mechanical,
or both ? The water, too, is not plentiful, and
has to be forced by machinery underground
a very considerable distance. These personal
references are not peculiar, as I know numbers of
gardeners and amateurs worse off, but I mention this
last for the purpose of coming to the above heading,
while saying at the same time, for these and other
reasons, watering, under the circumstances, is only
desirable when it cannot be helped — that is, when
your plants would suffer if you did not water. The
question as to when to do it involves a number of
considerations, and would require more space than
I can give it here, but some of these considerations
are, whether the plant, or plants, are established or
not, surface or deep rooting, the past or probable
action of the sun, loose or retentive soil, and so on,
that will strike any thoughtful person. These circum-
stances compelled me long since to consider how I
might water to the best advantage, and I shall con-
clude by referring to the matter briefly, hoping others
may add their quota to a subject that during the
summer and autumn months is second to no other. I
use guano and other artificial manures in special
cases, but my mainstay is fresh horse manure. If 1
had the oozings from a heap of farmyard manure con-
venient, or a tank in connection with a cowbyre, as
we had at Glasnevin in my time, under certain circum-
stances I might give them a preference ; but in garden-
ing, either for amusement or duty, as in other things,
when one cannot have what one wants or wishes for,
the point then is to utilise what one has. I put the fresh
horse-droppings, with artificial manures sometimes
added, into a large vessel of water until tolerably
thick, and then use all combined, both as a watering
and mulching. Roses delight in this treatment, so
do Dahlias, Pansies, Asters, Stocks, zonals. Chrysan-
themums, and Gladiolus ; in fact, they would be
pigmies without it. This obviates watering for some
time, and no amount of sun-heat penetrates through
the soil to injure the surface fibrous roots. Appear-
ances and too rapid evaporation are consulted by a
boy following with a vessel of dry loam and scattering
it wherever the water mulching has been done. This
year, though it may not suit others, the plan has been
very useful to me. IV. J. Murphy, Clonmel.

Potato Disease. — According to Mr. Jensen's
researches upon the time at which the dreaded Pero-
nospora makes its appearance, we were led to believe
this (18S4) would be an early year, and that the
fungus would do a proportionate amount of damage
— "weather permitting." We have had, however,
such a long period of drought, that it seemed to me

22

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1SS4.

to be a hopeless task up to the present time to search
for it systematically. I thought that such an absence
of rain as we have had would prove an absolute bar
to the development of the fungus, in short, that this
year the weather was " not permitting." On June iS
at Hunstanton I gathered one or two very suspicious-
looking leaves, but as they had no conidia upon them
visible to a pocket lens, I did not further examine
them, for June iS is a date far too early for the dis-
ease in this locality. I have little doubt, however,
now, that these leaves were attacked by the fungus,
for Mr. Smith received specimens of it from Bedford
onthe23dult., only five days later, and from Worcester
on the 22d, only four days later. There can then be
no doubt that this is an early year, and that the alter-
nation between a late and early outbreak occurring
annually is a fact. Of course the actual number of
diseased leaves is at present but small, but if we get a
day or two of rain we shall hear about fields suc-
cumbing in a night. At present the disease centres
are small and easily overlooked, but they are numerous
enough to produce a very serious outbreak of the
disease in the event of rainy weather. Fortunately
there is every prospect of this not taking place. Mr.
Jensen informs me that he found the first diseased
leaf in a Potato field near Neuilly on June 17, and
others in different fields on the iSth and 19th. Last
year, it will be remembered, that in the same place he
did not find the disease in the fields until the last
week in July, although he had artificially produced it
in his garden some weeks sooner. Charles B, PloW'
rights Rin£s Lynn, July i.

Oaks in the Ardennes. — A short but very plea-
sant trip up the Rhine and Mosel disclosed a vigorous
growth on the Vines ; they appear in robust health,
and, as far as I could see, promise a fruitful vintage ;
so let us hope to hear of plenty of "good Rhine
wdne" by-and-bye ! But I noticed, in travelling
through a part of the Ardennes, that the Oaks had all
the appearance of having been burned ; the leaves
being either partially destroyed, or gone altogether ;
unfortunately I could not make my steam-horse wait"
for me to examine closely, but I fear some caterpillar
has attacked them, as, some few years ago, the Oaks
of Windsor were attacked. Have you received any
report on this subject, or have you any correspondent
in the vicinity of Namur who could elucidate the
matter ? Charles NoOle, Bagshot,

Delphiniums. — Few, if any, plants do more to
brighten and enliven herbaceous borders at this
season than the perennial Larkspurs, of which there
are now many varieties, and these will no doubt
increase rapidly, as, like most other soft-wooded
subjects, they cross and seed freely, and may be
quickly raised and got into bloom. D. formosum,
although one of the oldest, is still one of the best, as
besides being of free branching habit and exceedingly
floriferous, the blooms are larger and present more
contrast than any of the others, that is, when a good
strain is secured, as the outer petals are of a lovely
bright blue, and the lip nearly pure white, which
colours not only harmonise well but show up to ad-
vantage. A most pleasing and striking effect may be
produced by planting this kind thinly among beds, or
around plants of the Acer Negundo variegata, and
allowing the two to mix or commingle together,
grown in which way the branches and twiggy shoots
of the Acer form a support to the Delphinium, and
the leaves a rich contrast to the deep shade of the
flowers. Another great favourite among the Delphi-
niums is D. belladonna, which is a very distinct sort,
having finely divided foliage, and somewhat spare
branching stems running a yard or so high, that
bear delicate pale blue flowers in the greatest
profusion. D. cardinale is a beautiful species,
having bright scarlet blooms, very like those of
D. nudicaule, which is more difficult to grow and
keep, and seems more delicate, and often dies
away in the winter. Although there are a great
many other named single kinds worth having, it is a
good plan to be constantly raising seedlings and pick-
ing out fiom them, as any that are inferior come in for
growing till they can be replaced by better, in some
wild places, and the tall good ones in the backs of
borders in the foreground of shrubs, where they are
most conspicuous, and form noble objects, towering
up, as several of ours now are, 6 feet to 8 feet high*
candelabra-like in their long branching spikes, of
most commanding appearance. The soil that suits
these noble perennial Larkspurs best is a light,
rich, deep one, and if it is desired to increase or
transplant, ihey should be divided and moved in the
spring, just before growth commences, when they may
be cut through the crowns. In raising them from
seed people generally sow in the spring, but time
may be saved, and strong fine plants obtained, by
sowing as soon as the seed is ripe, at which time, if
scattered on a prepared bed, and the ground kept
moist, it germinates quickly, and the plants may then
be left to stand for the winter. The doubles, of
which there are several, can only be propagated by
dividing the crowns, and it is advisable to do this

every two or three years, both with them and the
singles, and replant again at once in fresh places, but
before doing this the soil should be prepared by deep
<^iggingi and have plenty of manure worked in. J. S,

Podisoma juniperi and Rcestelia lacerata.

— The fact that these two spore-forms are only two
stages of one and the same fungus was demonstrated
more than twenty years ago by Oersted. The con-
nection between the Podisoma and Kcestelia was, I
believe, suggested by Des Longchamp * with regard
to P. Sabinre and R. cancellata, but to the eminent
Danish botanist belongs the credit of actually demon-
strating the fact. From the time that Oersted per-
formed his cultures, until comparatively recently, it
was thought that the three European species of Po-
disoma were connected with the three European
species of Rcestelia, and that there the matter ended.
The connection which thus existed is shown below in
a tabular form : —

1. Podisoma juniperi on Ju- 1 _ f Kccitelia lacerata on Haw-

niper f ( thorn

=. P-jd^oma Sabine on Sa- ^ ^ ^ ^a.<.xt\\^ cancellata on Pear

3. Gymnosporangium juni- ) _ j Rcestelia comuta on Moun-
peri on Juniper ] ~ \ tain Ash

This is very satisfactory as far as it goes— these three
Kcidiospores agreeing nicely with three the teleuto-
spores. Unfortunately, however, for those individuals
who like to see Nature laid out in straight lines, neatly
and trimly as in a Dutch garden, the plodding investi-
gators of the Teutonic school were not long in dis-
covering that other host-plants besides the Pear,
Hawthorn, and Mountain Ash were the hosts of the
Rcestelise. Instead of rushing to the conclusion, that
because the exact correspondence in point of numbers
between the host plants of the Podisomata and Rces-
telia was disturbed, that therefore Orested must be
wrong, they set to work by direct experiment to
endeavour to clear the matter up. The most recent
investigations are those of Rathay, which are sub-
joined : —

.. Podisoma iuniperi) , •,. ■ ( '^""=8"' "''Jf ""'*
n„ i„^;«-..i.c ™™ [ has Its xci-J ,, monogyna
Zlu^ I diospore on i P^nis communis

""""^ . . ISorbustorminalis

2. Podisoma Sabina:on ) has its aeci- ) t>.„,... „„„„„„:.,

Juniperus Sabine f diospore on P>""^ """"""".^
^Sorbus aucuparia

3. Gymnosporangium) . - • j Aronia rotundifolia

juniperi on Juni- )■ ^- "^ ^^'" \ Pyrus malus
perus communis ) d'ospore on | ^^^^^^ ^^j^

VCydonia vulgaris.
Charles B. Plowrighf,

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY
EXHIBITION AT EDINBURGH.

Few places in this country afford such peculiar
advantages for the holding of an International Forestry
Exhibition, as the northern metropolis. That suc-
cess has crowned the efforts of the promoters of
this great scheme is beyond a doubt, and it now
only remains for the general public to show their
appreciation of this gigantic undertaking, by freely
patronising the Exhibition during the three months it
is to remain open.

The Exhibition building, of which we gave a plan
at p. 713, of our last volume, is erected in the
beautiful grounds in front of Donaldson's Hospital,
at the west end of the city, and is not only an elegant
structure, but one that is in every way appropriate for
the occasion — the pillars, walls, arches, girders, and
roof, being entirely of wood.

The main building consists of an avenue or nave
210 yards in length by about 17 yards in width,
intersected in the middle and near each end by
transepts of the same width, running north and south
for 100 yards.

A park of from 7 to 8 acres in extent, on the west
side of the Hospital grounds, has also been set apart
for nurserymen and others, in which is a fine display
of specimen trees, horticultural buildings, Swiss,
Calilornian, and Canadian cottages, as well as a
model of the Queen's Highland chalet from Balmoral,
which latter seems to attract a more than ordinary
amount of attention.

Passing through the westmost gate of Donaldson's
Hospital and along a covered corridor, which
follows the present line of the road for over 50
yards in length, we turn off at right angles, and
by two short flights of steps gain admission to the
Exhibition buildings. Here the wealth and variety
of interesting objects that meet the gaze is simply
bewildering, and for which even a forester is by no
means prepared.

The miscellaneous exhibits include all kinds of
machinery for cutting timber, specimens of wood

* BnU, Sec. Linn, de NortitandiSt 1862, vi., p. 41.

carving, sections of wood from nearly every country,
basket work, gun-stocks, wood prepared for railway
purposes, wood pulp for paper-making, specimens of
inlaid work, models of bridges and foresters' cottages,
fencing materials, picture frames, bows and arrows,
foresters' tools, as well as furniture in all its varieties.
Private exhibitors number about 500, and contribute
articles under most of the sections or classes just men-
tioned.

The following, amongst other Governments and
Departments are also represented : — Home Govern-
ment : the Department of Woods and Forests, the
Epping Forest Commission, and the War Office.
Colonial Governments, including British Guiana,
Sierra Leone, St. Vincent, Tobago, Cyprus, the
Cape, IMauritius, New Brunswick, Dominica, Gambia,
South Australia, and Tasmania. Indian Empire :
Calcutta, Punjab, Pegu, Norlh-West Provinces,
Andaman Islands, Madras, Malabar, Johore, Travan-
core, Tinnevelly, Coimbatore, Nelambur, the Straits
Settlements, Protected States, and Ceylon. The
foreign Governments include Norway and Sweden,
Denmark, Chili, Persia, Siam, Honduras, Missis-
sippi, Florida, Venezuela, Borneo, San Salvador,
and Japan,

The Scottish Arboricultural Society, to whom great
credit is due for the inception of the Exhibition, is
well represented, a considerable number of the mem-
bers having willingly responded to the cry for help,
and by their united efforts brought together a most
interesting and valuable collection of forest produce.
Particularly so do the foresters (members of the
Society) appear to have represented almost every
district in Scotland — a fact most gratifying to record,
as it shows that they are thoroughly alive to the
advantages that modern science places within their
reach, and are determined to unite in every laudable
effort to raise the art and science ot forestry to its
highest pitch in this country. Amongst the Society's
exhibits we noticed various collections of cones,
sections of wood, foresters' tools, specimens of orna-
mental slate fencing, models of arbours and bridges,
tree labels of various sorts, specimens of trees, tree
seeds, and groups of Indian figures carved in wood.
One of the most prominent objects on this table is,
however, a drawing-room album of ingenious con-
struction, composed of 5S0 pieces of wood, carved
with a pocket-knife, and put together without nails or
glue.

One of the most interesting and curious ex-
hibits is the bark of a Californian Redwood,
erected to form a section of the trunk, whose
gigantic dimensions may best be realised by taking
a walk round its circumference, or by surveying
the internal space, which is large enough to accom-
modate a small pic-nic party. The tree from which
the bark and slice of the trunk, which is also exhi-
bited, were taken, contained 6250 cubic feet of
timber, and is estimated to have lived more than 2000
years. Contiguous to this are placed some immense
slabs of wood, sections of trees from the West Coast
of America.

In the south central transept, allotted to the Indian
Government for their exhibits, is one of the most
effective displays in the building. Here are a number
of very curious and attractive objects, including
splendid specimens of the Pedowk (?) tree, the wood
of which is in appearance not unlike that of
mahogany, but of a redder hue, and admir-
ably adapted for decorative purposes. A mantel-
piece, also made of this wood, is shown as a wall
ornament, the design being principally outlined with
black iron-wood. There are also several huge Bamboo
canes from Burmah, ranging in length from 80 to
nearly 100 feet, as well as models of Bamboo houses,
and baskets made from grass and fibre. The
celebrated Index Collection of India consists of 666
different specimens of timber trees, valuable either for
the wood or resins they contain. Along with the
Indian collection are disposed the Prince of Wales'
hunting trophies, as well as contributions from the
Duke of Edinburgh, and other distinguished Indian
sportsmen. Amongst the innumerable varieties of
Indian woodwork we noticed various models of carts
for transporting heavy timber from the forests of
Bombay.

The Maharajah of Johore contributes 357 different
trees, tools used for timber-working in that country,
and the model of a raft showing how logs in b.\tches
of 200 or 300 are floated down the rivers to the saw-
mills.

From the Canadian side we have a collection of

July s, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

23

native woods in rough and finished state, shown by
the Provincial Government and the New Brunswick
Land and Lumber Company ; a wooden screen or
"trophy" showing in combination all varieties of
native woods ; a miniature log cabin, an Indian
camp, furniture in various styles, and a collection of
Indian goods including Birch bark j;oods, snow-shoes,
tobogans, baskets. Lacrosse clubs, bobbins, spools,
wash-tubs, butter-firkins, Venetian blinds, and mould-
ings, a collection of Birch-bark pictures, and many
other interesting as well as use^'ul articles loo numerous
to mention at present.

From the ofliceofthe Gardeners^ CZ/r^JMrV/tr has been
sent a collection of engravings of cones, trees, fungi,
&c. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company exhibit
collections of tree seeds, as well as a beautifully
mounted series of the illustrations from the Pindum
Britannicttm ; while Messrs. James Veitch & Sons
show a case of dried specimens of the foliage of
coniferous trees and a unique collection of cones.
Two hundred different samples of tree seeds are
shown in small glasses by Messrs. Little & Ballantyne,
of Carlisle, which, together with a carefully got-up
collection of wood sections and forester's tools, are
greatly admired. Messrs. Sutton li Sons have a
well arranged stand, on which numerous objects of
interest to agriculturists are displayed. There are
models of various agricultural roots, including the
leading sorts of Mangel, Swede, and Turnip, as well
as some life-like representations of Cabbages. Turn-
ing from these we observe samples of mixtures
recommended for forming permanent pasture and
other purposes. There are also specimens of the
grasses recommended as being suitable for permanent
pasture, each distinctly labelled with its botanical and
popular name, and bearing a concise description,
pointing out the particular soils for which it is more
especially adapted.

A Fir tree erected in the centre of the building by
Messrs. A. B. Fleming & Co., Granton, shows how
trees are " bled " of their resin in Continental forests.

Other exhibits include wreaths of South African
wild flowers and grasses, necklets and polished
ornaments of gum, sections of wood and fibres
from the various woods, vessels for holding milk,
model of timber waggon, &c., all from the Cape of
Good Hope.

Taylor Brothers, Sheffield, show a collection of
saws, felling axes and files ; while Mr. Wells, Leith,
makes a speciality of various compositions for pre-
venting decay in timber. A handsome fountain has
been erected under the central dome of the building,
the lower basin being outlined with eight semicircles,
on which are placed several figures supporting a small
central basin, into which water is constantly playing.
Groups of plants have been artistically arranged
around the margin of the fountain, which, together
with the play of water, gives to that part of the build-
ing a very natural as well as deliciously cool appear-
ance.

A most attractive feature in the park set apart for
outdoor exhibits, and to which attention has already
been directed, is the display of trees and shrubs laid
out in plots by our various enterprising nurserymen.

The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company have
sent an extensive and valuable collection of Conifer?-',
variegated Maples,' Rhododendrons, Kalmias, Sweet
Bays, Laurel, and Vew. Notable for their brilliancy
of colour and effect as decorative plants is a very
interesting and varied collection of Japanese Maples
shown by Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, Chester,
who also exhibit some splendid specimens of the
various forms of Retinospora, Thuia, Cupressus, and
Thuiopsis, showing in small space a very varied
collection of forest and ornamental trees.

From Messrs. Veitch, London, come a collection
of Japanese Oaks, and a specimen of the Umbrella
Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata), about lofeet in height,
and well feathered with branches from base to apex.
This is certainly the finest plant of the Umbrella
Pine we have yet seen, and possibly it is the largest
of its kind in this country. Messrs. Veitch also show
Thuiopsis dolabrata, 9 feet ; Abies (Tsuga) Hookeri-
ana, 8 feet ; Juniperuschinensis aurea, Abies Veitchii,
the best plant in the country — well in character ;
Abies brachyphylla, Acer cratcegifolium, A. carpini-
folium, A. rutinerve — all distinct and valuable recent
additions to the British arboretum ; Quercus cuspi-
data, Olearia Haastii, Olea ilicifolia, Abies Douglasii
glauca, &c. The same firm shows a collection of
cones and dried specimens, gathered chiefly in the
native countries, of the species represented by col-
lectors and correspondents of the firm, including the
first Wellingtonia introduced by Lobb. Also a col-

lection of woods by Mr. J. G. Veitch of timber trees
growing in the neighbourhood of Veddo ; of trees
growing in the vicinity of Manila (Philippines), by
Lobb and Peaice ; of trees natives of Chili, Cali-
fornia, &c. Specimens of Mexican Pines from the
pinetum at Bicton, gathered by permission of the
Right Hon. Lady Rolle ; specimens of some of the
principal woods of New Zealand ; and specimens
(dried) of some of the most distinct forms of Acer
pal malum (polymorphum) cultivated at Coombe
Wood, are also exhibited by the Chelsea firm.
Messrs. Little & Ballantyne, of Carlisle, are well
represented, as well as Messrs. Austin & McAslan,
Glasgow ; Stuart & Mein, Kelso ; Mr. Lamont, Edin-
burgh ; Messrs. J. Palmer & Son, Annan ; and Mr.
Fraser, Edinburgh — the latter showing a most inter-
esting and varied collection of Hollies.

Fencing in various forms, turnstiles, gates, and
ornamental seats are shown by Messrs. Ben. Reid
& Co., Aberdeen ; A. & J. Main & Co., Wm. Bain
& Co., W. Smith & Son, and others. Of Messrs.
Vilmorin's unrivalled collection of cones we must
speak on another occasion.

Not the least interesting feature of the outdoor
exhibition is the model of a Manitoba farm, including
a complete reproduction of a homestead in the Cana-
dian North-west, with settlers' furniture and imple-
ments of husbandry. Here is also a model of the
Queen's Highland chalet from Balmoral, built entirely
of Scotch Fir from the forests there, with rustic orna-
mentations, and a royal stag's head set over the door.
Alongside this are exhibited some immense sections
of Scotch Fir, the largest of which girthed 23^ feet at
the base, the tree from which it was cut having con-
tained 4S3 cubic feet of timber. The ground around
the (Queen's chalet has been laid out in flower garden
style, and planted with a rich and varied assortment
of coniferous and other trees by Messrs. Methven &
Sons, Edinburgh. Near this Messrs. Ben. Reid &
Co., Aberdeen, show an excellent group of Conifers,
effectively arranged, amongst which we noticed some
fine specimens of the new and rarer Conifers.

Machinery for converting timber from the rough
log into the most finished state, is shown in motion by
Messrs. John McDowall & Sons, Johnstone.

Messrs. Jack & Sons, Maybole, exhibit some well
made and highly finished carts, timber jankers,
wheels, &c, ; while Messrs. Pooley & Sons show
weighing machines in various forms, and of improved
construction.

The above notes, jotted down on the day of opening,
must only be considered as the results of a mere
cursory glance at the many rare objects of interest to
be seen at the great International Exhibition — an
exhibition which we sincerely trust will be productive
of great and lasting good to the cause of forestry
in this country. The foundation of a School of
Forestry in connection with the Royal Botanic
Gardens at Edinburgh has long been hinted at, and
we now trust that this vital question will receive the
earnest attention it deserves at the hands of the
Government and the authorities of the city of Edin-
burgh, for under all circumstances the present is a
fitting opportunity for starting such an institution
on a suitable and satisfactory basis. Other countries
are far in advance of our own in this way, and it cer-
tainly cannot be said that the results of sending can-
didates for Indian forest appointments to be trained
at Continental forest schools has been so satisfactory
as to warrant its being said that we cannot educate
them much better at home, fully qualified in every
way to undertake the superintendence of our forests
at home and abroad.

cp

National Rose : July i.— The cold easterly winds
which swept over the greater part of the country late in
spring, checked growth to such an extent that it was not
expected that the early Rose shows would be up to the
average ; and the long-continued drought has since ren-
dered it almost impossible that the plants can now re-
cover their vigour in lime to save the record of ihe season's
work from being one of mediocrity only. In the West of
England an average may be maintained, but it is very
doubtful if this standard will obtain elsewhere. Under
these conditions a strong show was hardly expected at
South Kensington, and consequently many, besides our-
selves, were most agreeably surprised to find the display
so good as it was. The nurserymen's flowers were by no
means of a high standard of merit, and but little more
can be said of those staged by the amateurs, excepting
one or two collections, and especially so the box of
eighteen Teas and Noisettes exhibted by the Rev. F.
Page Roberts, The Rectory. Scole, which won the hand-
some shield presented by the Rev. J. A, Williams, and
which were simply superb. TheChallenge Trophy and ^^5
presented by amateurs, to be held for one year by the ex-
hibitor of the best trade collection of seventy-two blooms,
this year goes to Cheshunt for a change ; while the cor-
responding prize offered by nurserymen, was won in
good style by J. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge,
Reigate (Mr. Ridout, gr.)

Nt;Rsi:RYMEN's Classes.— Five competitors entered
the lists for the Challenge Trophy, given in class i, for
seventy-two single blooms, and after a close competition
between Messrs. Paul & Son and Mr. B. R. Cant the
verdict fell to the former, and we need scarcely add the
win was a popular one. In freshness and colour the
Cheshunt flowers left little to be desired, but size and
substance were generally wanting. The leading blooms
were of Ulrich Brunner, Dr. Andre, Madame Lacharme,
Ktienne Levet, Niphetos, Francois Michelon, Abel
Carrii-re, Alfred Colomb, Star of Waltham, Alba rosea,
A. K. Williams, Sultan of Zanzibar, Jean Sury, Lady
Mary Fitzwilliam. H. Schultheis, Madame Eugenie Ver-
dier, Pride of Waltham, Xavier Olibo, the new Grandeur
of Cheshunt, Madame Fanny Giron, Marie Baumann,
Mdlle. Prosper Langier, Antoine Ducher, and Mrs. Geo.
Paul. Mr. B. R. Cant had fine examples of Fran9ois
Michelon, Madame Ducher, Comtesse d'Oxtord,
Countess of Rosebery, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Abel
Carricre, John Stuart Mill, Etienne Levct, Xavier Olibo,
Anna Olivier, Marie Baumann, Viile de Lyon, Niphetos,
Madame Bravy, Caroline Kiister, Marie Van Houtte,
Mdme. Lacharme, Edward Morren, and Ferdinand Chaffo-
lete. The3d prize went to Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.,
and the 4tli to the Cranston Nursery Company, Hereford.
In the next class for forty-eight trebles, Mr. Cant was
more fortunate, securing the ist prize, while equal 2d
were awarded to Mr. Turner and Messrs. Paul cS: Son,
the 3d to the Cranston Nursery Company, and the 4th
to Messrs. Keynes, Williams, & Co. Here Mr. Cant
had a strong lot, including fine blooms of Madame
Ducher, Antoine Ducher, Duke of Edinburgh, Dr.
Sewell, Prince Arthur, Horace Vernet, Boildeau,
G^ndral jacqueminot, Devoniensis, Merveille de
Lyon, Countess of Oxford, Baroness Rothschild,
Prince Camille de Rohan, Duke of Teck, Fran9ois
Michelon, Victor Verdier, Duchesse de Vallombrosa,
&c. In the next two lots, conspicuous for their excellent
quality, were Etoile de Lyon, Caroline Kiister, Madame
Marie Verdier, Sultan of Zanzibar, Madame Willermoz,
Niphetos, Jean Ducher, Alba rosea. Sir G. Wolseley,
Marie van Houtte, Star of Waltham, Madame H.
Jamain, Merveille de Lyon, and Catherine Mermet.
With eighteen Teas or Noisettes, Mr. B. R. Cant also
held his own, having by far the finest flowers for size
and brightness in the class. Madame Willermoz,
Catherine Mermet, Devoniensis, Souvenir d'Elise,
Madame Bravy, Innocente Pirola, Madame Angele
Jacquier, Madame Margottin, Rubens, Marechal Niel,
Marie van Houtte, Moire, Perle des Jardins, Madame
Cusin, Caroline Kiister, Souvenir d'un Ami, and Anna
Olivier, were all worthy of remark. Messrs. Paul & Son
were 2d ; Mr. G. Prince, Oxford, 3d ;and Mr. Turner 4th.

In the second division, open only to exhibitors not
competing in the previous section, Messrs. Curtis, Sand-
ford & Co., Torquay, took the lead, securing the highest
honours for forty-eight and twenty-four singles respec-
tively, with flowers of fine size, and surprisingly fresh and
bright in colour. The leading bloom in their stand of
forty-eight was a superbly coloured General facqucminot,
which was adjudged to be the finest single H. P. shown
by nurserymen, and grand flowers of Star of Waltham,
Lady Sheffield, Fran9ois Michelon, Duchesse de Morny,
La Havre, Marie Rady, lovely in colour ; Duchess of
Bedford, Beauty of Waltham, Alfred Colomb, Madame
Lacharme, Madame Vidot, Merveille de Lyon, extra
fine ; A. K. Williams, Lord Bacon, Etienne Levet, and
Countess of Oxford. Mr. Frank Cant, Colchester, came
in ad. Mr. John House, Peterborough, 3d ; and Messrs.
J. Jefferies & Sons, Cirencester, 4th. In the class for
twenty-four blooms there were twelve competitors as
compared with five in the 48's, so that the Torquay
growers' win here was even more creditable. Besides
sorts already named as being shown by them in the
former class, they had in this stand many fine examples
of Alfred Dumesnil, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Captain
Christy, Madame C. Wood, Comtesse de Serenye, Rey-
nolds Hole, Marie Rady, Duchess of Bedford. Sdnateur
Vaisse, Elie Morel, and Jean Liabaud. Messrs. G.
Cooling & Son, Bath, came in a good 2d, with Mr.
Frank Cant 3d, and Messrs. John Jefferies & Son
4th. Several boxes of twelve Teas were also staged in
this division, and Mr. Frank Cant was well to the front,
winning with a stand containing Souvenir d'un Ami,
Souvenir d'Elise, Devoniensis, Marechal Niel, Catherine
Mermet, Marie van Houtte, Moire, Madame Welch,
Jean Ducher, and Rubens— all fresh and nice ; Mr.
John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford, was 2d, with
a very pretty lot ; Messrs. J. Burrell & Co. , Howe House
Nurseries, Cambridge, 3d ; and Messrs. J. [efferies &
Son, 4 th.

Amateurs' Classes,— The first collection to be
noticed in this division is the one that secured the hand-
some Challenge Trophy. The class for forty-eight singles,
distinct, T. B. Hey wood, Esq. , Woodhatch Lodge,
Reigate (gr., Mr. J. Ridout), whose blooms of extra
merit were of Capt. Christy, Eugene Verdier, Mrs.
Baker, the sport from C. Joigneaux. a fine bloom,
Horace Vernet, Duchesse de Morny, Lady Mary Fitz-
william, La France, Jean Pernet, Edward Morren, Lady
Sheffield, Countess of Rosebery, and Mons. Xonian ;
the remainder composing the stand were Madame
Lacharme, Etienne Levet, Marie Baumann, Th(5rese
Levet, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Mons. E. V. Teas, Abel
Grand, Abel Carricre, John Hopper. Anna Olivier,
Pierre Notting, Alfred Colomb. Fisher Holmes, Baroness
Rothschild, Marquise de Castellane, Mons. Jowitt,
Beauty of Waltham, Louis van Houtte, A. K. Williams,
Francois Michelon, Ferd. de Lesseps, riippolyte
Jamain, Star of Waltham, Dr. Hogg, Madame Rady,
La Havre. Royal Standard, Mrs. Laxton, G^n^ral
Jacqueminot, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Chas. Lefebvre.
The 2d prize was awarded to the Rev. Hu^h A. Berners,
Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich. In this admirable stand
were fine examples of Marie Baumann, Beauty of

24

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(JotY S, i8

Waltham, Magna Charta, Victor Verdier, Baroness
Rothschild, Marie Finger, Rubens, Hippolyte Jamain,
Fran9ois Michelon, Thos. Mills, Duchesse de Caylus and
Duke of Connaught. 3d, F. W. Girdlestone, Esq.,
Sunningdale, Berks, who had Baron Bonstettin, A. K.
Williams, Crown Prince, and a grand bloom of Marie
Finger, to which was awarded the Silver Medal of
the Society as being the best H. P. shown by
amateurs. 4th, A. J. Waterloo, Esq. , Great
Doods, Reigate (gr., Mr. Brown). For the best
twelve distinct Roses of three trusses of each,
T. B. Hey wood, Esq., was again 1st, with fine blooms
of the following kinds : — Alfred Colomb, Edward Morren,
Captain ^Christy, Monsieurj Noman, Etienne Levet,
Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Duchesse de Vallombrosa,
Beauty of Waltham, La France, Countess of Oxford,
Madame Lacharme, and Charles Lefebvre ; 2d, F. W. Gir-
dlestone, Esq., whose Marie Finger, Marquise de Castel-
lane, Baron Bonstettin, La France, and A. K. Williams
were fine blooms ; 3d, Thomas B. Hall, Esq., Larch
Wood, Rock Ferry, who showed Sir Garnet Wolseley,
Marquise de Castellane, and Madame Lacharme in
superb condition. For the best twelve Tea Roses, which
were among the most admired blooms in the show, the
ist prize was awarded to A. J. Waterloo, Esq., Great
Doods, Reigate, for the sorts Caroline Kuster, Rubens,
Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Jean Ducher, Jean Fernet,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Etoile de Lyon, amongst the best ;
and Marie van Houtte, Catherine Mermet, Inno-
cente Pirola, and Madame Willermoz the remain-
ing sorts. The ad prize was taken by the Rev.
Hugh A. Berners, whose Madame Bravy, Sou-
venir d'Elise, and Caroline Ktister were of good quality.
Alfred Slaughter, Esq., Jarvis Villa, Steyning, took the
3d prize, having capital blooms of Devoniensis, Madame
Lacharme, Madame Lambard, Jean Ducher, and
Bouquet d'Or ; T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., being 4th, with
blooms much less in size. In the competition for the best
twenty-four single trusses, distinct, a class in every way
as well represented with perfect flowers as the former
ones — the premier prize was awarded to the Rev. Joseph
H. Pemberton, Havering-atte- Bower, Romford, the
most meritorious blooms in whose stand were Marie
Verdier, Souvenir de la MalmaJson, Duchess of Bedford,
Marie Finger, La France, Marquise de Castellane,
Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Duke of Edinburgh, Duchesse
de Vallombrosa, Constantine Tretiakopf, Annie Laxton,
Countess of Roseberry, Madame Victor Verdier, Etienne
Levet, and Exposition de Brie ; the flowers of lesser
merit being Star of Waltham, Horace Vernet, Marie
Cointet, Mons. Louis van Houtte, Caroline Kuster, A.
K. Williams, Marquise de Castellane, Beauty of
Waltham, and Helen Paul, an exquisite flower of pale
flesh, but small in this instance. The 2d prize was
awarded to Captain A. Christy, Sidmouth, the
extra good blooms in the stand being Francois
Michelon, Jean Ducher, Duchess of Bedford, Charles
Lefebvre, Bouquet d'Or; and Baroness Rothschild.
Miss Watson Taylor, Manor House, Headington, Oxon
(gr., Mr. W. Gurdon), was the winner of the 3d prize,
the sorts A. K. Williams, La France, E. Y. Teas, Prince
Arthur, Louis van Houtte, Duchess of Bedford, being
especially good ; George Baker, Esq., Holmfels, Reigate,
being 4th ; and F. C. Pawle, Esq., Northcote, Reigate,
was Highly Commended. The competitors for the best
six Tea Roses, to be shown in trusses of three, were con-
siderably more than in the bigger classes, many charm-
ing stands being put up, Miss Watson Taylor winning
the ist prize with A. K. Williams, a very fine bloom ;
Prince Arthur, La France, Duchess of Bedford ; of the
others, Marie van Houtte was a litUe over-blown, as
was Marguerite de St. Amand ; 2d, Mr. S. P. Budd,
Gay Street, Bath, whose Franfois Michelon, La France,
and Marie Baumann were very good ; 3d, Rev. |. H.
Pemberton ; 4th, W. H. Wakeley, Esq., Macklands,
Rainham. For the best twelve Tea or Noisette Roses,
single trusses, distinct. Miss W. Taylor again headed the
list, her Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'un Ami, Amazon,
and Mar^chal Niel being perfect ; the other sorts were
Madame Willermoz, Marie van Houtte, Niphetos,
Souvenir d'Elise, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and Alba rosea,
2d, Rev. E. L, Fellowes, Wimpole Rectory, Royston, his
stand containingbeautiful examples of Mar^chal Niel, Anna
Olivier, Souvenir d'Elise, Adam, and Marie van Houtte ;
3d, W. H. Wakeley, Esq. ; 4th, R. L. Knight, Esq.,
Sittingbourne. For the best twelve, distinct, single
trusses, the ist prize, a piece of plate, given by J. House,
Esq., was awarded to R. E. West, Reigate, his stand
consisting of excellent blooms of Captain Christy, Annie
Wood, Baroness Rothschild, La Havre, Fran9ois
Michelon, Marie Finger, Abel Carri^re, Madame Victor
Verdier, Marie Baumann, Madame Gabrielle Luizet,
Alfred Colomb, and Duchesse de Vallombrosa ; 2d,
E. M. Bethune, Esq., Denne Park, Horsham {gr., Mr.
H . Harris), whose La France, Marie Ledechaux, and
Marguerite de Brassac, were fine flowers ; 3d, T. F.
Burnaby Atkins, Halstead Place, Sevenoaks, Jean
Ducher, A. K. Williams, Niphetos, and C. Lefebvre,
being likewise fine examples ; 4th, Rev. J. A. Fellowes,
Blighton Rectory, Norwich. For the best nine, shown
in single trusses, distinct, ist, Mrs. Fuller, The
Vicarage, Bexley, with fine blooms of Etienne Levet, La
Havre, La France, and Captain Christy ; 2d, Rev.
R. C. Hales, Woodmancote Rectory, Henfield, Sussex
— his A. K. WiUiams, Dupuy Jamain, Marie van
Houtte, being good blooms; 3d, G. G. Stone, Esq.,
Eastcote, Redhill (gr. Mr. C. Goode) ; 4th, Edward
Mawley, Esq., Addiscombe ; an equal 4th being
awarded to the Rev. H. B. Biron. For the best
six, distinct, single trusses, ist, W. Miller, Esq.,
Sewardstone Lodge, Chingford {gr., Mr. J. Turk). In
this stand Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Souvenir de
Madame Alfred, Jean Ducher, and Madame Auguste
Perriere, were superior examples. 2d, Charles E.
Cuthill, Chapel Croft, West Humble, Dorking, whose
blooms of La France, Etienne Levet, and Marguerite de

St. Amand, were very good ; 3d, J. G. Hodgson, Esq.,
Saltwood Rectory ; 4th, Rev. Frank S. Taylor, Little-
ton Vicarage, Evesham. For the best six Tea or
Noisette Roses~ist, Rev. H. Page Roberts. Scole
Rectory, Norfolk, whose Souvenir d'Elise Vardon,
Madame Hipolyte Jamain, and Niphetos, were of
great merit— the others in the stand being Jean Ducher,
Caroline Kuster, and Catherine Mermet ; 2d. Rev. R.
C. Hales, his blooms of Marie van Houtte, Jean
Ducher, and Madame Bravy, being fine ; 3d, J. G.
Hodgson ; 4th, W. Miller, Esq,

Open and Extra Classes. — The open classes con-
sisted of six in number, but only in five was there any
competition, the Gold Medal for three trusses of any new
seedling Rose, or distinct sport, not being awarded.
The best twelve new Roses came from Messrs. Paul &
Son, and consisted of Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, H. Schul-
theis, Uh-ich JBrunner, Queen of Queens, Baron N.
de Rothschild, Helen Paul, Grandeur of Cheshunt,
Merveille de Lyon, Comtesse de Paris, Etoile de Lyon,
Madame Melaine, Vigneron, and Pride of Waltham.
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., who were a close 2d,
had Ulrich Bninner in fine form, Madame Marie
Gamier, Andr6 Gill, Souvenir de Madame Berthier,
&c, ; 3d, Mr. B. R. Cant. For twelve single trusses of
any yellow Rose, Messrs. Paul & Son were ist, with
Marie van Houtte ; 2d, Mr. B. R. Cant, with Mar^chal
Niel ; 3d, Mr. J. Mattock, with Marie van Houtte. In
the any white Rose class the highest honours were
divided between Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., and
Mr. B. R. Cant, the former having a magnificent lot of
Merveille de Lyon, and the latter a charming sample of
Devoniensis. Messrs. Paul & Son were 3d, with Niphe-
tos. The ist prize for twelve crimson Roses went to an
exhibitor whose name we did not ascertain ; Mr. J.
Hoare was 2d, with A. K. WiUiams, large and fine ; 3d,
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., with Marie Baumann.

In the extra classes by far the finest exhibit was the
before-mentioned stand of eighteen Teas and Noisettes
shown by the Rev. F. Page Roberts, Scole, Norfolk,
which included a magnificent flower of Souvenir d'Elise
Vardon — the finest Tea Rose shown by an amateur ;
and large, beautifully -coloured blooms of Anna Ohvier,
Madame Camille, Perle de Lyon. Madame Bravy, Jean
Ducher, Madame H. Jamain, Niphetos, Souvenir d'un
Ami, Madame Margottin, Souvenir de Paul N^ron,
Madame Lambard, Innocente Pirola, Marie van Houtte,
Caroline Kuster, Marie Guillot, Madame Welch, and
Jean Ducher ; the Rev. J. H. Pemberton secured the
2d prize, and the Rev. E. L. Fellowes the 3d. For six,
distinct, single trusses, the ist prize went to G. Christy,
Esq., Buckliurst Lodge, Westerham ; the 2d to E. B.
Lindsell, Esq., Bearton, Hitchin ; the 3d to R. E. West,
Esq., Reigate ; and the 4th to the Rev. G. H. Hodgson,
Saltwood Rectory. Hythe. For six new Roses the ist
prize went to F, W. Girdlestone, Esq., Sunningdale ; and
for six trusses of any Rose, the Rev. H. A. Berners came
in ist, with a grand box of Jean Ducher.

Torquay Horticultural : June 26.— The annual
exhibition of this Society was held in marquees erected
in a field close to the centre of Torbay, thus com-
manding a delightful view of Torquay and the sur-
rounding scenery, offering a rich combination of attrac-
tions rarely seen in conjunction with an exhibition. The
long period of drought previously endured was expected
to influence the quaUty of the Roses and the number of
competitors. Such, however, was not the case, the ex-
hibition being as large as on any former occasion, and
the Roses in as good form. Messrs. Curtis, Sandford &
Co., of the Down Roseries, Torquay, took ist prize in
every class in which they competed ; Messrs. Cooling, of
Bath, the 2d. Mr. Gurdon, gr. to Miss Watson Taylor,
Manor House, Headington, Oxford, was very successful in
the amateur classes ; Captain Christy, G. Endacott, Esq.,
and J. Drew, Esq., were the other principal prizetakers.

In Class I, for twelve new Roses of 1883 and 1884,
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford &Co., took ist, staging Joachim
du Bcllay, Andr(5 Gill, Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild,
Merveille de Lyon, a splendid white ; Madlle. Marie
Digat, a beautiful deep crimson ; Madame Veuve
Alexandre Pommeroy, Antoine Chantini, very good ;
Queen of Queens, Lord F. Cavendish, a fine fiery
red, imbricated ; the best in the stand were
Marguerite de Roman, Admiral Seymour, and
Alexander Dupont ; Messrs. Cooling & Son, 2d.
Class 2. Six blooms of any new Rose of 1883. — Messrs.
Curtis, Sandford & Co. were ist, with Merveille de Lyon
Messrs, Cooling 2d, with Queen of Queens. Class 3.
For twelve blooms, any one variety. — Messrs. Curtis,
Sandford & Co. again were placed ist, with a splendid
box of Merveille de Lyon, a beautiful Rose ; Messrs,
CooUng again 2d, with Violet Bowyer. Class 4. Seventy-
two distinct varieties, one truss of each. — Messrs. Curtis,
Sandford & Co. took ist honoiu-s, with a splendid lot of
Roses — Captain Christy, Marie Baumann, Countess of
Oxford, Reynolds Hole, Horace Vernet, E. Y. Teas,
Merveille de Lyon, and Madame A. Foulon being espe-
cially good blooms, their collection being of their usual
excellence. Class 5. Forty-eight varieties. — Messrs.
Curtis, Sandford & Co. were ist — Mons. Constantine,
Tretiakopf, Elie Morel, Marie Verdier, Duke ol Welling-
ton, A. Colomb, Merveille de Lyon, and Violet Bowyer
being fine blooms ; Messrs. CooUng, who were again 2d,
had La France, Lady Mary FitzwiUiam, Madame G.
Luizet, A. K. WilUams, Comte de Flandres, Violet
Bowyer, and Queen of Queens ; Mr. R. W. Beachy,
nurseryman, Kingskerswell, took the 3d prize. Class 6.
For thirty-six varieties, one truss of each. — Messrs.
Curtis. Sandford & Co. put up a very fine box of blooms ;
noticeable among them were Etienne Levet, Merveille
de Lyon, Bartholemy Joubert, A. K. WiUiams, Madame
G. Luizet ; R. W. Beachy, 2d. Class 7. Twenty-four

ditto.—Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co. and R. W,
Beachy were placed in the same order as in the preced-
ing class. In Class 8, for twelve Teas and Noisettes. —
ist, Mr. GurdcD, with a capital lot of blooms. His
stand contained Rubens, Anna Olivier, Devoniensis,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Niphetos, Marie Sisley, Jean Ducher,
Souvenir de Paul Nitron, and Catherine Mermet, each in
good form ; 2d, Captain Christy : good blooms of
Catherine Mermet, Jean Ducher, and Etoile de Lyon
were put up in hiscoUection ; 3d, Moreton Sparkes, Esq.

Amateur Classes. — Class 9. Forty-eight distinct
varieties, one truss of each. — ist, Mr. Gurdon, his col-
lection containing exceUent blooms of Teas and H.P.'s ;
2d, G. Endacott, Esq., who was very close with good
blooms, but rather overblown. Class 10. Twelve
trebles. — Mr. Gurdon and Captain Christy look ist
and 2d prizes respectively. Class 11. For twenty-four
varieties, one truss of each, there were seven competitors,
and Captain Christy came to the front with a splendid
box of blooms ; Mr. Leach, gr. to J. Drew, Esq., Park
ViUa, Kenton, 2d ; and Mr. Cole, gr. to W. B. For-
tescue, Octon, Torquay, 3d. Class 12. Twelve varieties,
one truss of each. — ist, Captain Christy ; 2d, Mr.
Gurdon ; 3d, Moreton Sparkes, Esq. This class had
many competitors. Class 13. For six trebles. — ist, Mr.
Gurdon ; 2d, G. Endacott, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. Leach.
Class 14, Twelve blooms of one variety. — isl, Captain
Christy, with Duchesse de VaUombrosa, very good ; 2d,
Mr. Gurdon, with M. de St. Amand. In addition
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., staged several boxes of
cut Roses, not for competition.

The Orchid classes were very attractive. For four
Orchids, ist, Mr. Medland, gr. to Moreton Sparkes, Esq.,
Rooklands, Torquay. For a single specimen, ist, J. M.
Brown, Esq., Florian, Torquay, with a beautiful Cat-
tleya Mossise ; 2d, Mr. Medland, with Dendrobium
formosum giganteum.

The nurserymen of the neighbourhood put up large
collections of plants, adding much to the beauty of the
display. Messrs. Smale, of the Barton Nurseries, had
an excellent lot of useful decorative plants, arranged
effectively, including Palms, Tree Ferns, Araucaria
excelsa, Anthurium Andreanum, and some nice speci-
mens of Cattleya Mossire, good single and double Bego-
nias, &c, ; in front were boxes of cut flowers in variety.
Messrs. PhiUps, Torbay Nurseries, staged a very similar
coUection, including Lilium longiflorum album and L,
auralum, some splendid examples of Calceolarias, Hy-
drangeas, and show Pelargoniums. Messrs. AUward &
Sons. Braddon HiU Nursery, Torquay, put up a collec-
tion, comprising such things as foUaged plants, single
and double Begonias, &c. Mr. Burridge, nurseryman,
Paignton, had also a coUection of plants similar to the
foregoing. Messrs, Lucombe, Pince & Co. had a fine
assortment of stove and greenhouse plants, Orchids, &c.
The Orchids themselves made a fine display. The same
firm showed seedling Pansies, Iris Kcempferi, Carnations
The Governor and Gloire de Nancy. Messrs. Veitch &
Son, of Exeter, contributed a very choice coUection of
plants, including new double Begonias, LitUe Pet Rose,
a group of Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, Japanese
Maples that were exceedingly pretty and in great variety.
They also had weU bloomed specimens of Odontoglossum
vexillarium var. rosea. They exhibited Ukewise a number
of photographs of rockwork erected by them in the county,
some of which have been described in the columns of
this paper. Mr. R. W. Beachy, nurseryman, Kings-
kersweU, showed Violas and herbaceous flowers, Nicoti-
ana aflJinis, and several new varieties of zonals, &c.

Fruit. — Mr. Geeson took the ist prize for the coUection
of six kinds, with good examples of Black Hamburgh
and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Hale's Early Peaches,
Scarlet Premier Melon, Queen Pine, and James Veitch
Strawberries, The same competitor took ist prize also
for black and white Grapes with the same varieties. Mr.
Cole, gr. to W. B. Fortescue, Esq., took 2d prize, and
also for black Grapes. For six Peaches, 1st, Mr. J.
Hobbs, gr. to H. B. Samuelson, Esq., M.P., with very
fine fruit ; 2d. Mr, Cole. Mr. Geeson was ist for Melon
(single fruit) ; Mr. Leach ist for Strawberries, and was
also ist for a dish of Clierries.

Vegetaules were limited to a few classes only, but
for tlie collection good productions were staged, ist,
Mr. P. B. Drinkwater ; 2d, Mr. Hobbs ; 3d, Mr. Leach.
Mr. G. H. Pearce, market gardener, Torquay, showed
an exceUent collection of vegetables and fruit, conspicu-
ous being Sir Joseph Paxton and President Strawberries.

Twickenham Horticultural : July I. — The
fifteenth annual summer exhibition of this suburban
Society was held in the admirable pleasure grounds
adjoining Poulett Lodge, the residence of J. E. Meek,
Esq.. and which is situated close to tlie town, and pre-
senting advantages to which many show committees are
strangers. The weather was brilliant, perhaps too much
so, but fine weather is such a boon for a flower show
that it would be ungrateful to complain of exceeding
warmth. A large tent devoted chiefly to decorative
groups proved exceedingly attractive, and a very brilliant
feature in it was a big collection of show and fancy
Pelargoniums— some of the specimens being admirably
grown, sent not for campctition by W. Clay, Esq., of
burbiton (gr., Mr, Wiggins), which deservedly re-
ceived high commendation. Messrs. Jackson & .Sons,
of Kingston, had a group of choice plants, a prominent
feature in which was a good plant of Franciscea calycina
major, that was supported by a fine Cypripedium
barbatum superbum, some charming Ericas, good
Orchids, and other pleasing plants. Messrs. Hooper &
Co. {manager, Mr. Brockaus), grouped a number of
plants effectively in the centre of the tent, and Messrs,

July s, 1884.]

Tin: GA RDRNRRS' CHRONICLE-.

25

C. Lee & Sons had one of their remarkable and unique
groups of hardy decorative trees and shrubs, inchiding
beamitul variegated Acers, Elders, Oaks, Ehns, Chest-
nuts, and otiier elTective things, with which frequenters
of most London shows are now becoming familiar.
Messrs. Jas. Carter & Co.. High Holborn, sent a very
interesting group of twelve b.iikets of double German
Stocks, one ot whioli was full of mixed kinds : llie
white, scarlet, violet, and pale blue colours were very
pleasing. Mr. R. Liing of Twickenham, had also, not
forconipelition, a large, qviantily of cut Roses and some
capital plants. The comp&iitive decoraUve groups were
of admir.ible character. Messrs. Fromow & Sons, Turn-
ham Green, having one of exceeding elegance and
beauty, and were close run by Mr. W. Brown, of
Riohmond, who is in this sort of work an able decorator.
Several smaller groups in another class were capital in
their way, and gave good competition.

The best stove and greenhouse plants came from Mr.
J. Munro. gr. to E. D. Paul, Esq.. Cambridge House,
Twickenham, and wliose e.xcetlent lot included Cleroden-
dron Ballourianum, Steplianotis floribunda. the some-
what rare Gloriosa superba, Hoya carnosa. &c. ; Mr.
Parsons, gr. to T. Twining, Esq., Twickenham, was 2d,
having in his lot a fine Impaliens Sultani, and a large
piece of Oncidium crispuni. Mr. Munro had the best
six foliage plants, including good Crotons majesticus and
Regina. a large Dracxna Voungii, of fine colour ; Pan-
danus \'eitchii. and a couple of Palms. Mr. Parsons
was again 2d, chiefly with Palms. Wiih six Ferns, Mr.
B. .Morrell, gr. to [. S. Ruiter, Esq., Richmond, was a
good ist ; his plants. inclu>ive of a fine golden Gymno-
graninia and a good Dav.illia Mooreana, were excellent.
Mr. Munro had smaller specimens. Achimenes are
always shown well here, and the six pans put up by Mr.
J. Sallows, gr. to T. J. Flack, Esq., Twickenham, were
splendid examples ot culiure, and full of bloom. The
kinds were chiefly old ones, but still very pleasing. Mr.
Munro had smaller pans, but prettily (lowered. Some
very good Gloxinias were staged by Mr. J. Parsons, his
nine plants being very fresh and finely tlowered The
same exhibitor had the best six Begonias, small but
neatly flowered plants, some good plants also coming
from Messrs. Munro and Sallows. Only two lots ot bed-
ding Pelargoniums were staged ; the first one, a capitally
bloomed and grown collection, came from Mr. C. Waite,
gr. to the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Esher, and included
Blanche Gordon, Colonel Holden, Mrs. Strachan. White
Vesuvius, and a couple of doubles ; whilst Mr. Sallows'
lot were all doubles, though admirably flowered. Mr.
Morrell had the best six Fuchsias, good old sorts, well
bloomed. Cut flowers were fairly well shown, though
the Rose display was weaker than usual. Mr. C.
Warwick took the ist place with a very fresh twenty-
four, and Mr. |. A. Moorman had the best twelve. Mr.
Warwick was, as usual, placed ist with twelve bunches
of Gloxinias, set in moss and without Fern — really a
beautiful lot of flowers, and worthy of all admiration.
Some very good table decorations were shown, though
chiefly of the usual pattern, but in a single stand class
a small upright egg-shaped vase on a tripod containing
just a handful of semi-double bright-coloured Poppies
and Fern was welt placed ist, as it was an arrange-
ment that extorted admiration. Mrs. AUfrey 's dressing
of three table pieces was singularly light and elegant,
and deservedly obtained a ist prize. One epergne filled
with white 5symph£Eas and Fern was original and
pleasing in spite of its heaviness and lack of variety in
colour. A basket of Roses with Fern sent by a lady
was a charming arrangement.

The best black Grapes, Hamburghs, cam':; from Mr.
Parsons ; the best whites, Buckland Sweetwater, from
Mr. Waite; and the best Melon, Bellemoor llybiid,
from Mr. Morrell. Peaches and Nectarines were very
good, and Mr. Morrell's brace of Tender and True
Cucumbers were first-rate. Mr. Waite had the best col-
lection of ten dishes of vegetables, really a capital lot,
and admirably put up ; Mr. Morrell coming 2d, and Mr.
Thompson, of Hounslow, the best dish of Tomalos.
Mr. W. Poupart, of Twickenham, had a grand collec-
tion of vegetables, fruit, and flowers, market grown
produce ; and Messrs. R. Clarke, Howell, and Mann
some really superb Strawberries. The beautiful grounds
around the house were thrown open to the visitors, and
all the surroundings reflected the high^t credit upon the
gardener, Mr. Bates.

Ipswich and East of England Horticultural :

— This Society commenced its annual jete on June 26,
the committee having decided to hold a two days' show,
so as to fit in with the Suffolk agricultural meeting,
which took place at the same time in Christchurch
Park, and as this latter event brought great numbers
from all the outlying districts into the town, which was
in gala dress, the coffers of the Horticultural Society
must have become well filled. The prospect of this, and
the great success that has attended his efforts, cannot
fail to be a source of much satisfaction to the Rev. H. A.
Berners, the honorary secretary, who has laboured so
assiduously for years to lift the Society out of the Slough
of Despond and place it on a firm footing, which work
he has now accompUshed, and deserves the thanks of all
who have to do with this part of the county, as there
was a near prospect of the show dying out. This would
have been matter for deep regret, for though there are
many now held in the country, the interests of horticul-
ture must suffer even by the loss of one. especially in an
important part of the country with a town like Ipswich,
numbering some 60.000 inhabitants, among whom there
are many wealthy merchants havmg fine houses and
grounds in the suburbs. Although the time and atten-
tion of several of these must be much absorbed in the
gigantic business undertakings they are connected with,
they are fortunately warm patrons of gardening, as was

evidenced by their productions, those of E. Packard,
Esq., R. C. R.msome, Esq., and W. H. Booth, Esq.,
being specially noticeable for the quantity and quality of
the exhibits, which went far to make up the show.

It was feared at one lime that the tents would be very
thin, as Sir Richard Wallace, one of the -Society's chief
supporters, has left Sudbourne. where the houses, under
Mr. Bethel's able and skillul management, were full of
fine specimens of plants and the various varieties of Iruit,
many and much of which used to be sent to Ipswich and
Woodbridge /?Ax Mr. Allan, too, Lord Suftield's able
gardener, was conspicuous by his absence ; but it is quite
as well perhaps that these strong growers should stay
away now and then, as it gives the weaker and more timid
courage to venture, and they do. often surprising them-
selves by the way they are afterwards able to hold their
own, success having given them the necessary fillip to
struggle and use, as well as improve their skill in battling
with their opponents, whom, once defeated, they are not
afraid to meet in fair fight. This is how it should be,
and the loss of one big exhibitor often brings many
smaller ; but tor all this it is to be hoped that the new
gardener at Sudbourne and the new one at Gunton may
make the names of those noted places familiar at Ipswich
again.

In the fruit department Mr. Blair {Sir Geo. Broke
Middlelon's gardener) was. as usual, to the front
with a collection of fruit (Pines excluded) consisting of
nice, compact, well coloured bunches of Black Hamburgh
and Golden Queen Grapes, fine Royal George Peaches,
ditto Nectarines, and Brown Turkey Figs, British Queen
Strawberries, and well finished handsome Scarlet Premier
and Hero of Lockinge Melons, for which he took the
special prize offered by Sir Richard Wallace. That
given by the Mayor of Ipswich {J. May, Esq.), for three
bunches of black Grapes, fell to Mr. W. Sheppard, gr,
to E. Packard, Esq., of Birkfield ; the 2d to Mr.
Chenery, gr. to W. H. Booth, Esq. ; and the 3d to Mr.
Hobson, gr. to C. B. Skinner, Esq., of The Chantry. In
the class for white, the ist prize was awarded to Lady
North's gardener at Glenham Hall, who had big berried
Buckland Sweetwater ; and Mr. Sheppard, gr. to E.
Packard. Esq. . came in 2d with large bunches of
Foster's Seedling ; the same kind, almost equally
fine, but less ripe, being shown by Mr. Chenery,
and coming in 3d. For the best dish of Peaches. Mr.
W. Sheppard was ist, the 2d falling to Mr. Hobson,
and the 3d to Mr. Hobson, gr. to C, B. Skinner, Esq.
For Nectarines, Mr. Hobson took ist with well coloured
Lord Napier, and Mr. W. Sheppard 2d with the same
valuable fine early kind. In the contest for Melons,
green-fleshed varieties. Mr. Blair was ist, and Mr. Mil-
ler, gr. to Lord Rendlesham, 2d. Strawberries, for
flavour, were represented by British Queens, and Mr.
Blair took ist, and Mr. Steven of Ipswich 2d. The
prize for thirty for weight fell to Colonel Long's gar-
dener. Messrs. Prior & Son taking 3d. The show
was too early for bush fruits, which are backward,
and will not, judging from present appearances, be at
all fine.

For the collection of twelve sorts of vegetables there was
strong competition, and Mr. Blair won the ist prize,
having in his lot fine Trophy Tomatos, Peas, close white-
headed Cauliflower, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, French
and Broad Beans, Asparagus, and Potatos— Mr. Crisp,
of Playford Hall, and Mr. Cobbold, of Ipswich, taking
2d and 3d. Among the other classes in this department
there was nothing to call for any special remark, but it
was a pleasing feature in the show to see the cottagers in
such strong force both as regards vegetables and plants,
for which good prizes were offered.

The great attraction in the exhibition was the Roses,
the honorary secretary being a very enthusiastic culti-
vator, and one of the most successful competitors, he
having won the ist prize in the large class for thirty-six,
in which there were five entries, the best flowers in the
collection being Monsieur Rady, Madame Lacharme.
Etienne Levet, Marie Finger, Marie Rady, and the
lovely delicately tinted Violet Bowyer ; the Rev. H. T.
Frere, of Burstock Rectory, coming in 2d, and Miss
Penrice 3d. For the best twenty-four, Mr. D, T. Fish,
of Hardwicke. was ist, his best consisting of Niphetos.
Baronne de Rothschild, Jean Ducher, Beauty of Walt-
ham, and La France. In the open class for forty-eight
the contest lay between the two rival Cants, the cham-
pion B. R. Cant, who has b^en so long before the public
still holding his own by again winning on this occasion
with averyfinelot, among which themostnoteworthy were
VilledeLyon, Mons. Gabrielle Luizet, Marguerite de St.
Amand, Souvenird'ua Ami, Dupuyjamin, Annie Laxton.
Etienne Levet, Souvenir d'Elise (very fine), Innocente
Pirola, and Duchess de \'allombrosa. Mr. Frank Cant
had also a very good lot, the finest flowers being Wilhelm
Koile, Madame Bravy. Marquise de Castellane, Homer
(very large for the variety), Etienne Levet, and Catherine
Mermet. the latter perfect in colour. In the class for
twelve, three trusses of each sort, Mr. B, R, Cant was
again ist. Mr. F. Cant 2d, and Miss Penrice 3d. For
the best twelve Tea or Noisette, Mr. B. R. Cant again
took the lead. In the c ass for twelve to be competed
for by amateurs, the Rev. Page Roberts took the special
prize off"ered by R. C. Ransome, Esq. ; the 2d falling to
tlie lot of Mr. D. T. Fish, and the 3d to Mr. Rushmorc.
gr. to Sir C. Rowley, of Tendring. For the best twelve
Tea and Noisette the special prize of Jjz zs. offered by
F. H. Fosdick. Esq.. the Rev. H. A. Berners came in
1st, the Rev. Page Roberts 2d, and the Rev. Foster-
Melliar 3d. In the sixes the Rev. Page Roberts w^s
again to the fore, and Mr. D. T. Fish 2d ; and the same
gentlemc-n were placed in a like position for the best Rose
in any amateur's collection, the first-named taking the
National Society's Silver Medal, and the latter the bronze.
Cut zonal Pelargoniums, as usual, made a good show,
but the herbaceous flowers, next to the Roses, attracted
most notice, the stand shown by the Messrs. Gilbert,

nurserymen, of Ipswich, having some good showy things
in it, the most noteworthy being Gladiolus The Bride,
Delphinium formosum, Beauti5 de Peyron and hya-
cimhirtora, Lihum umbellatum, G.iiUardia grandiflora.
Iris vulgaris, the old Dictamnus fraxinclla, Alstromerias,
and Ornithogalum arabicum, the latter of whidi was
much admired on account of its fine appearance and ivory
whiteness. The ist prize for six bunches of stove and
greenhouse flowers was taken by Mr. Mill. gr. to Lord
Rendlesham. among which were Odontoglossum Pesca-
torei, Amaryllis The Queen, Epidendrum vitellinutn
majus, and Anthurium Scherzerianum, with much finer
spathes than are usually seen. The best thing in the 2d
lot, contributed by Mr. Mundey, gr. to R. C. Ransome,
Esq.. was Hibiscus Lamberti, the flowers ot which were
double, and remarkably bright. In the plant department
there was a falling ofl from causes already referred to. but
for ail that Mr. W. Sheppard, gr. to E. Packard, Esq..
contributed four fine-foliaged subjects that were well
grown and coloured, the most striking thing in the lot
being Dracri'na Shepherdi, with its big strongly marked
leaves, and in the open class for the same number Mr.
W. Sheppard stood 2d, the Messrs. Gilbert taking the
lead. For four stove and greenhouse plants in flower
Mr. Mundey. gr. to R. C. Ransome, Esq , was ist. and
Mr. W. Sheppard 2d ; and the first named was also to
the fore for the best specimen with a well flowered
Ixora Fraseri. In the open class for the best six stove
and greenliouse plants the Mes'^rs. Gilbert were a good
ist, their best plant being a fine well bloomed Erica
Cavendishi. Mr. W. Sheppard took 2d for a nice even
lot.

The groups of stove and greenhouse plants set up in
a limited space were much admired, and deservedly so,
as they comprised just the sized and right sort of things
for furnishing, and showed what niiglit be done with
them when arranged with taste. In the open class the
Messrs. Gilbert were the only exhibitors, but among the
amateurs there was keen competition. F. T. Cobbold,
Esq., being ist, and R. C. Ransome, Esq., 2d. The
last-named gentleman (gr., Mr. Mundey) contributed
six Gloxinias, as fine as any ever staged, the blooms
being very large, bright, and stout, and the plants
perfect. The 2d and 3d lots, shown by Mr. Chenery.
gr. to D. H. Booth, Esq., and those of Mr. Wcsthorp
were also remarkably good. The prize for six dinner-
table plants was won by Mr. Blair, and the 2d by Mr.
W. Sheppard. For six exotic Ferns the Messrs. Gilbert
were ist, they having a very fine Gleichenia rupestris
glauca, Microlepis hirta cristata, Gymnogramma chry-
sophili, Davallia pyxidata, and Leucostegia immersus.
Mr. W. Sheppard came 2d, the best in his lot being a
Davallia Mooreana — a fine exhibition Fern.

Massachusetts Horticultural : Boston, June 7.
— The Rhododendron show to-day was the finest ever
made in the Society's rooms. Most prominent among
these was a magnificent pyramidal plant of Azalea decora,
nearly covered with its rich crimson flowers, from John
L. Gardner. Mr. Gardner also filled a stand near by
with delicate Heaths and large-flowered Pelargoniums.
Edwin Sheppard contributed a finely flowered plant of
Laslia purpurata, and James Cartwright one of Dendro-
bium densiflorum. J. W. Manning's collection of herba-
ceous plants was very interesting. Directly facing the
spectator on entering the hall was the collection of three
tender varieties, from the President of the Society, which
took the ist prize — Auguste Van Geert, Duchess of Con-
naught, and Lady Dorothy Neville — and we venture to
say that three finer trusses were never seen. The first of
these three kinds is, to our taste, the most beautiful of
all the half-hardy Rhododendrons. Near these was a
truss of Lady Grenville, which took the prize for the best
single specimen of any tender variety. A table on the
left of the centre was completely filled with fine speci-
mens of Rhododendrons from H. H. Hunnewell, and
one on the right with Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and
Cacti from C. M. Hovey. Francis Parkman contributed
a collection of seedling Azaleas, comprising some unique
colours. The contribution from Jackson Dawson, of the
Arnold .A.rboretum, included, besides Rhododendrons
and Azaleas, a great variety of hardy flowering shrubs,
among which were eight species of Roses. The vege-
table table was filled with Asparagus. Rhubarb, Carrots,
Cucumbers, &c. — all fine specimens.

Awards for plants and flowers : Hunnewell prizes for
Rhododendrons and Azaleas. — For twenty-four tender
varieties of Rhododendrons, six tender varieties, three
tender varieties and a single truss of any tender variety,
six hardy varieties and a single truss of any hardy
variety, to Hon. Francis B. Hayes, President of the
Society ; for ten hardy varieties and three hardy varie-
ties, to John L. Gardner ; fifteen named varieties df
hardy Azaleas, to E. Sheppard ; for the best six named
varieties, and the best cluster of trusses of one variety,
to Benjamin G. .Smith. Society's prizes. — For German
Iris, E. Sheppard ; 2d, J. W. Manning. Displ/iy of
Clematis. — J. H. Woodford ; 2d, E. Sheppard. Hardy
flowering shrubs, twelve varieties. — Benjamin G. Smith.
Display of cut flowers. — W. K. Wood ; 2d, Mrs. E. M.
Gill. Table design, other than a basket of flowers. —
Mrs. E. M. Gill ; 2d, Miss S. W. Story. Herbaceous
plants —J. W. Manning.

Gratuities. — To H. H. Hunnewell, for collections
of Rhododendrons and Aznleas ; Francis B. Hayes,
for Rhododendrons and cut flowers ; Francis Park-
man, for seedling Azaleas ; John B. Moore &
Son, for Pasonies. hybrid perpetual Roses, and
Gloxinias ; Benjamin G. Smith, fur Clematis and
Pansies ; E. Sheppard, for two Orchids ; James
Cartwright, lor Orchid ; Edvvin Fewkes, (or Roses and
Aquilegias ; John L. Gardner, for Pelargoniums and
Ericas ; J. W. Manning, for Pyrethrums ; Jackson Daw-
son, for Azaleas, shrubs, &c. ; C. M. Hovey and E.

26

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

LJuLv 5, 1884.

Sheppard, for displays ; and Miss S. W. Story, for cut
flowers. A Silver Medal was awarded to John L.
Gardner for a plant of Azalea decora.

Awards for Vegetables — Short scarlet Carrot and
long scarlet Radishes. ^o^iah Crosby. Four bunches
of Asparagus of twelve stalks each— John B. Moore ;
2d, L. W. Weston. Twelve stalks of Rhubarb.— C. H.
Brackett ; ad, M. W. Chadbourne. Pair of Cucumbers.
— E. \V. Wood; 2d, Josiah Crosby. Four heads of
Lettuce —Josiah Crosby ; 2d, Warren Heustis. Gratuities
to C. H. Brackett, for Tomatos ; Josiah Crosby, for
Lettuce ; Warren Heustis, for Onions ; and Samuel
Hartwell, for Asparagus. [From a Correspondent.)

Chislehurst and West Kent Horticultural. —

Amidst the beautiful scenery which environs Camden
House, the tents for the display of garden productions
of competitors living in the locality were pitched. A
breezier spot on a sultry June day could hardly have
been selected, yet, though the heat in the tents was
extreme, cut flowers and fruit suffering greatly by the
afternoon, we noticed Roses that were m the morning
but half opened buds, were in a few hours blooms appa-
rently long since overblown. One large tent was set
apart for displaying the stove and greenhouse plants.
Fuchsias, Begonias, zonal Pelargoniums. Ferns, and
groups of decorative plants, Messrs. Laing & Co.,
Forest Hill, makmg one end ot the table gay with
Begonias, Crolnns, Dracaenas, Caladiums, and Japan
Maples, whilst the opposite extremity of the table was
allotted to Mr. B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, for a
choice collection of small Orchids, Sarracenias, and
Amaryllis — two handsome varieties of this last being
Mrs. Lee and Marginata, Aralia Chabrieri, a pretty
dark foliaged variety, with long much divided leaves ;
Croton Manglesi, Chirata asparagoides were likewise
distinct novelties observed in the group. One tent was
devoted to Culeuses, Begonias {with handsome foliage),
Gloxinias, &c. ; another to collections of fruit, vege-
tables, stands of cut blooms of Roses and of herbaceous
plants ; cottagers' productions finding a place also in
this tent. In reference to the productions of these last-
named, it may be stated that they were with a few
exceptions remarkably meagre and unworthy of the
county. Especially good were the Cabbages, Broad
Beans, and Onions, whilst Potatos could scarcely be
worse, even for the month of June.

Besides these tents there was one for the display of
ladies' work, in the shape of bouquets and dinner-table
decorations. These latter were in some abundance, and
served as more or less tasteful illustrations of the newer
ideas on these matters. Here, instead of epergnes or
vases, bowls, &c., filled to overcrowding with the choicest
flowers of the stove, greenhouse, or border, we found
nothing but Himalayan and common English Poppies,
Nasturtiums, grasses, Forget-me-Nots, Pansies, Chry-
santhemum segetum. Dog Roses, Buttercups — all very
lightly arranged and disposed — everybody's flowers, and
costing nothmg beyond time and taste.

Bees at work and specimens of honey were to be seen
in another small tent ; and a lecture on bees and their
management was likewise wisely added to the attractions
of the show.

In the class for six stove and greenhouse plants the ist
prize was awarded to Mr, A. Gibson, gr. to T. F. Bur-
naby Atkins, Esq., Halstead Place, for medium-sized
plants of Alocasia Lowii, A. metallica, Anthurium
crystallinum, Croton Youngi, Thrinax elegans, and
Dracaena Baptisti, the Aroidaceous plants bemg of con-
siderable merit ; 2d, Mr. J. Kent, gr. to F. Heritage
Esq., Lady wood, Orpington, whose Maranta zebrina,
Geonoma grandis, and Davallia Mooreana were pretty
specimens ; 3d, Mr. J. Bolton, gr. to Mrs. Spottiswood,
Combe Bank. Mr. Gibson was also the winner of the
special ist prize for the best six stove and greenhouse
plants, his Statice profusa, Clerodendron Balfourianum,
Dipladenia amabilis being particularly handsome plants.
In the class for six specimens of exotic Ferns, ist, Mr.
J. Bolton, Combe Bank, for good useful specimens of
Davallia bullata, Adiantum cardiochl^num, Balantium
culcitum, Cibotium Barometz, and Adiantum farleyense ;
2d, Mr. Thomas Gearing, gr. to S. Williams, Esq., Black
Brook, Bickley Park, in whose group were a very fine Adi-
antum gracillimum, and an Asplenium bulbiferum. Mr.
]. Bolton was awarded the ist prize for the best single
specimen of an exotic Fern, the winning plant being a
finely grown example of Adiantum cardiochlaenum. In the
competition for the best six exotic Lycopodiums, ist, Mr.
Neighbour, gr. to the Executors of the late G. Wythes,
Esq., Bickley Park ; 2d. Mr. G. Cooper, gr. to W.
Yeatman, Esq., Shawfield, Bromley, the order being re-
versed in the competition for a single specimen of the
same. Some few groups of Caladiums were observed,
the sorts including some few of the later novelties. For
the best Mr. Jeal, gr. to A. M. Tapp, Esq., The
Gables, Shortlands ; 2d, Mr. Blackburn, gr. to John
Scott, Esq., Elmstead Grange, Chislehurst. For the
best four Fuchsias, ist, Mr. H. Cole, gr. to T, A. Mit-
chell, Elmstead Gbde, Chi-lehurst, who showed capital
examples of Mrs. Marshall, Little Harry, Prince Chiirm-
ing, and Magenta ; 2d, Mr. J. Neighbour, whose plants
were nicely grown, but wanted more time. A few zonal
Pelargoniums were shown, the winner of the 1st prize
being Mr. J. Neighbour. Achimenes were well done by
most ol the exhibitors, old kinds holding their own in all
ol the collections. For the best six pans of these plants,
ist, Mr. J. Stent, gr, to J. Scott. Esq., Abbeyfield,
Bickley ; 2d. Mr. C. Bridger, gr. to Captain Favy, P"air-
field, Bickley. Some effective groups of decorative
plants, stove and greenhouse, were observed in the big
tent, the ist prize being awarded to Mr. J. Black-
burn, Elmstead Grange, for a group con'^isiing
mainly of Odontoglossum vexlllarium embedded in
a thick line of Adiantum, the new varieties of

Coleus, Caladiums, Gloxinias. Palms, Dracasnas, &c. ;
Mr. A. Gibson was 2d, and Mr. J. Kent was 3d. There
were some few good groups of flowering Begonias of
varying merit, the ist prize being awarded to Mr. J.
Neighbour for plants compact and large, and nearly all
of recent introduction ; the 2d was awarded to Mr.
Story, gr. to J. Scott. Esq., Bickley, for smaller plants
of Vesuve. orange-scarlet ; Coloni, Paul Masurel. all
shades of the same colour ; J. W. Ferrand being a beau-
tiful rich crimson. The usual flat specimens of tricolor
Pelargoniums were to be seen, but in lessening numbers,
Mr. J. Neighbour taking the ist prize for Lady Cullum,
Mr. Laing, Sophia Dumaresque, and Charming Bride ;
and Mr. F. Maynard the 2d prize. Double-flowered Pelar-
goniums were shown by Mr. H. Cole, who was awarded
the ist prize. His Adelaide BUnchon, a pure white,
very full, and pure in colour, seemed likely to be a useful
sort as a flower for cutting.

In the open class for the best forty-eight varieties of
Roses, in trusses of three each — 1st, Messrs. Paul &
Son, the Old Nurseries, Chcshunt, with a very fine stand
of flowers of tolerably level merit, viz., Horace Vernet,
Henri Ledechaux, Violette Bowyer, Madame Gabrielle
Luizet, M. E. Verdier, M. I'h^r^se Levet, M. Alfred
Dumesnil, Mdlle. Prosper Langier, Mons. Noman,
Mons. E, Y. Teas. Maurice Bernardin, Jean Ducher,
Captain Christy, Marguerite de St. Amand. Etienne
Levet, Marie Cointet, A. K. Williams. Nardy Freres,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Beauty of Waltham, Caroline
Kiister. Niphetos, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Prize of
Waltham, Charles Darwin. Perle de Lyon, La France,
Devoniense, and others. The 2d prize was awnrded to
Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, whose stand, but htlle
behind the winner, contained ifine blooms of Mar-
quise de Castellane. Annie Laxton, Rubens, Marie
Van Houtte. Madame Alfred Dumesnil, Etienne Levet,
Dr. Andry. Marie Baumann, Mons. Noman, Madame C.
Kiister, Horace Vernet, Miss Hassard. In the
class for twenty-four single blooms, distinct, the
ist prize was also taken by Messss. Paul & Son,
amongst whose beautiful blooms were exquisite
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Marie Finger, Uirich Brenner,
Horace Vernet, Comte Raimbaud, and A. K. Williams ;
2d, Mr. Frank Cant, his Madame Hippolyte Jamain,
Mons. Noman, Souvenir de Paul N^ron, Countess of
Rosebery, Mar^chal Niel. Madame Willermoz. Catherine
Mermet, and Souvenir d'Elise, being especially fine ; 3d,
Messrs, Bunyard & Co., Maidstone. For twelve single
trusses, distinct, Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, was
awarded the ist prize, his best blooms being Anna
Olivier, Exposition de Brie, Miss Hassard, Francois
Michelon, Mar^chal Niel, Mons. Noman, Duke of
Edinburgh, Marie Baumann, Dachessede Vallombrosa,
and Madame Gabrielle Leuzet ; 2d, G. Mount, St.
Dunstan's Nursery, Canterbury, who had fine specimens
of Caroline Kiister, Mari^chal Niel. Catherine Mermet,
Capt. Christy, Anna Olivier ; 3d, Mr. F. Cant. For the
best box of any one kind of Rose, the ist prize was
awarded to Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries,
Cheshunt, for A. K. Williams; 2d. Mr. B. R. Cant,
(or Devoniensis ; and 3d. Mr. Frank Cant, for Devon-
iensis — these sorts being shown in fine condition. For
twenty-four cut blooms, single or in trusses, distinct,
ist, Mr. H. Blundell, gr. to George Christy, Esq.,
Buckhurst Lodge, the sorts Madame Prosper Langier,
Mons. Noman, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Duke of Wellington,
Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Marie Hardy, Henri
Ledichaux, Chas. Lefebvre, La France, Jean Soupert,
Marquis de Gibot, being admirable in form and condition
but wanting the size observed in the nurserymen's
classes ; 2d, Mr. A. Gibson, Halstead Place, whose A.
K. Williams, Alba rosea, Magna Charta, Anna Olivier,
La France, were fair blooms ; 3d, Mr. R. Lewis.
For twelve cut Roses, single blooms or trusses. — In this
competition the ist prize was awarded to Rev. J. M.
Fuller, the Vicarage, Bexley ; 2d. Messrs. Ashursl &
Tucker. Farningham ; 3d, Mr. H. Cole, gr. to T. A.
Mitchell, The Glade, Chislehurst. For six cut Roses,
single blooms or trusses, ist, Alexander Puller, Esq ,
Stoneycroft, Bromley, this stand containing fair blooms
of Rosy Morn, Paul Jamain, Gloire de Dijon, Abel
Carri6re, La France, and Marie Baumann. The Rev.
M. Fuller took likewise the premier prize for six cut
blooms of Teas, with Comtesse Panisse, a rosy-cream ;
Anna Olivier, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'un Ami,
Rubens, and Jules Finger.

Considerable quantities of cut flowers of herbaceous
plants. Pinks, Sweet Williams, Pansies, and similar
flowers, were exhibited, as were also wild flowers ; and
table decorations were exhibited in some profusion,
the prizes for these being taken almost solely by the
ladies.

Fruit was rather plentifully shown, Mr. J. Neighbour
being ist for Black Hamburgh, three bunches, perfect
in colour and berry, and of large size of bunch ; Mr,
Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq., Preston Hall,
was awarded 2d for good fruit, but which had suffered in
transit; 3d, Mr. A. F. Waite, gr. to S. Ordens, Esq.,
Woodlands. Beckenhani, for large bunches of a poor
colour. For white Grapes, 1st, Mr. Waterman, with
Buckland Sweetwater ; 2d, Mr. J. Bolton, for Foster's
Seedling. The prizes for Melons were taken by Mr. J.
Neighbour, ist, with Golden Perfection, a very diminu-
tive fruit ; 2d, Mr. F. Maynard, with Victory of Bath.
For six Nectarines Mr. G. Tucker, gr. to J. L. Lovi-
bond, Esq.. Stent's Hill. Farnborough. was placed ist,
for very finely coloured Elruge, Sianwick var. ; 2d, Mr.
J. Neighbour, with Elruge; 3d, Mr. W. Gammon, with
Pitmasion Orange. For the best six Peaches, ist, Mr.
G. Tucker, with Royal George ; 2d, Mr. W. Gammon,
gr. to C. Boosey, Esq., The Pines, Bickley Park, with
Albert Edward. For the best three dishes of Straw-
berries, 1st, Mr. J, Bolton ; 2d, Mr. Waterman ; 3d,
Mr. J. Cooper.

The competition for the best collection of fruit, open

to the market growers of West Kent, brought sofne
examples of capital cultivation, the ist prize being
awarded to Mr. A. Waterman, his collection consisting
of Stirling Castle Peach, Elruge Nectarine, Buckland
Sweetwater and Black Hamburgh Grapes, Strawberry
British Queen. Frogmore Early Cherry, and Queen Pine ;
2d. Mr. J. Neighbour, who had well preserved Holbert's
Victoria Appl-'s. Black Hamburgh and Royal Muscadine
Grapes ; 3d, Mr. G. Tucker.

Collections of vegetables were shown by Mr. J. Neigh-
bour, who was awarded the ist prize ; whilst Mr. Water-
man was allotted the 2d prize — a decision that excited
some astonishment amongst the cognoscenti, but both
collections were good in every way ; the Peas William
I., F-arly Hammersmith Potatos. and Early London
Cauliflowers in the winning one. and the Vick's Tomatos,
Canadian Wonder Beans, and Nantes Carrots in the 2d
lot, were very superior productions. Mr. H. Eke, gr. to
S. B. Berington, Esq.. The Elms, Bickley, showed
capital Cucumbers of the variety Tender and True, for
which he obtained the ist prize ; and the 2d was awarded
for the same variety to Mr. J. Neighbour.

Bagshot and Windlesham Horticultural :

July I and 2.— The fifteenth annual show of this Society
was held conjointly with a poultry show and a rural
file, in Bagshot Park, by permission of His Royal
Highness the Duke of Connaught, on Tuesday and
Wednesday last. Several large tents were well filled
with plants, fruits, cut flowers, including several taste-
Jully arranged dinner tables, groups of vases, bouquets,
Vegetables, &c. The most noteworthy feature in the
way of foliage and flowering plants was contributed by
Messrs. John Waterer & Son, American Nursery. Bag-
shot. It consisted ot a grandly flowered batch of new
Rhododendrons in pots, among which was one named
Duchess of Connaught, having large well-shaped trusses
of creamy-white flowers ; Japanese Maples, and well-
flowered plants of LiUum auraium, &c. ; the whole being
fringed with dwarf foliage and flowering plants. The
weather being everything that the secretary of a flower
show could desire, the exhibits were numerous, and for
the most part of superior merit.

Vegetables. — The most noticeable ol these were
those (six lots) staged in competition for the prizes
offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons for twelve kinds, and
by Messrs. Carter & Co. for their Peas and Broad Beans.
The ist prize in both these classes were awarded to
Mr. H. W. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Longford
Castle, Salisbury ; the 2d in Messrs. Suttons' class went
to Mr. J. Clark, Moor Park, Farnham, who also took
the Society's ist prize for a dish of French Beans, and
2d for fifty pods of Peas.

Fruit. — Grapes, three bunches Black Hamburgh ;
ist, G. Pollock. Esq.; 2d, H. P. Leschallas, Esq.; 3d,
J. B. Ward, Esq. In the class for one bunch of Grapes,
1st, Mr. Pollock, with a well finished bimch of Black
Hamburgh ; Colonel Harris and J. B. Ward, Esq.,
being 2d and 3d. For one Melon G. Pollock, Esq.,
took ist ; and Thomas Sellar, Esq., and G Ricketts,
Esq,, 2d and 3d. For six Peaches H. P. Leschallas,
Esq., A- Southard, Esq., and G. Pollock, Esq., obtained
the prizes in the order named ; and for a hke number of
Nectarines the prizes were awarded in the order speci-
fied—to A. Southard. Esq., G. Pollock, Esq., and ]. H.
Baxendale, Esq. Strawberries were well shown, and (or
groups of miscellaneous plants arranged tor effect the
chief honours went to H. P. Leschallas. Esq., and G.
Pollock, Esq. These were two very tastefully arranged
groups. In conclusion, we need only remark that the
arrangement of cut flowers and grasses in vases. &c.,
showed great taste on the part of the lady competitors.
{From a Correspond e?it.)

Scottish Horticultural Association. — The

Association met on Tuesday, July i, at 5, St.
Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr. J. Methven, President,
in the chair. Mr. M. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gardens,
read a paper on "The Indigenous Trees of Grt-at
Britain." He spoke first of the Scotch Fir, alluding to
its adaptability to various soils and climates, to its pic-
turesque efftct in landscape scenery, and to its being, all
things considered, one of the most profitable for cultiva-
tion. The Odk, he thought, was not cultivated to the
extent it deserved from a commercial point of view ; and
for the purposes of park adornment there was, in his
opinion, no nobler tree. In the course of his further
remarks he alluded to the picturesque appt arance of the
Mountain Ash in autumn, remarking that in that tree and
the Scotch Fir the Highlands of Scotland had much to
be proud of. Mr. Hutton, Royal Bank of Scotland.
Arbroath, read a paper on " The Rose and its Relatives."
Discu5^ions followed the reading 01 this and the pre-
ceding paper, and both Mr. Dunn and Mr. Hutton
received the thanks ot the meeting for their communica-
tions. The Universities (Scotland) Bill, and particularly
its proposals in regard to the Botanic Garden, was
afterwards brought under the notice of the meeting by
Mr. M. Todd, Edinburgh. As the result of some dis-
cussion, in which th^ opinion seemed to be pretty
generally entertained that the proposed placing of the
garden under the control of the University authorities
would prove injurious to tlie inti-rcsts of liorticu ture in
Scotland, it was agreed to petition agamst that part of
the measure. Exhibits were displayed on the table
during the evening. Mr. Ware, of Tottenham, sent a
collection of Lilies and other plants ; and Mr. Chapman,
Easter Duddingston Lodge, a (me collection of single
Roses, and various species of Scotch Roses, single and
double.

July 5, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

27

Cjie Mcatljcr.

STA TE OF THE WEA THER A T BLACKHBA TH, LO.WOX,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, Ji-ly a, 1883.

a

a

Barometer

Temperature of
THE Air.

llygromc
tric^l I)c

ductions

from
Glaisher's
Tables tih

Edition

Wind.

J

i

1

lq

1

1

1

s'

Dew Point.

Degree of
Humidity.
Sal. = 100.

> E

June

In.

In.

1

1 •

1

Til.

^

J9.56

+ 0 i6

JS..5J9.5

39,063.5

4- a.3

50.3 63 {

N :
w. sw.

0 00

^

30.00

+ ol3

8j 0 51.5

37.566.7

+ S-4

55 9 6<)|

N.W.

o.co

li

30.0a

+ o.«>

7Q 054.0

35. 0.66.0

+ 47

S4.6 66

N.

o.co

»9

«)83

+ 001

73 0570

16.163.9

+ 16

56.7 8o{

E. ; S.

O.II

T^Hv

»9 9S

+ 013

7S-»S» 0

33 3 63. 3 + 3.0

S..4 6i{

W :
W. SW.

0,00

1

30.03

40 31

77.SSS.0 3a.sJ6s i'+ 43

i4 3 67

W. SVV.

0.00

a

»9 9S

+0.13

74.0JS4.0 30.064.4+ 3.3

53.6 68 {

E.

0.00

Hear

3»96

+ 0.15

77.053.733.364.6 + 3.453-8 68

variable

O.II

June 26. — Very fine day and night.

— 27. — Very fine day and nighu

— 38.- -Very fine day and night.

— 39. — Dull day, rain from 9.30 A. M. to 10.30 a.m. Fine
clear night.

30 — Vety fine day and night.
1. — Fine bright day and night.

2. — Very fine day and night, few dark clouds passing
occasionally.

July

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending June 2S, the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.18 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.94 inches by 3 p.m. on
the 24ih, increased to 30.19 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 26th, decreased to 30.13 inches by 3 p.m. on
the same day, increased to 30.17 inches by 9 A.M.
and decreased to 30.14 inches by 3 p.m. on the 27th,
increased to 30.25 inches by 9 a.m. on the 281b,
and was 30.17 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
at the level of the sea was 30.11 inches, being o. 10
inch lower than last week, and o. 1 1 inch above the
average of the week.

Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 82°, on the 27th ; the highest
on the Z3d was (>')"■$■ The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 75°. 3.

The lowest temperature was 49°. 5, on the 26th;
on the 25th the lowest temperature was 56°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 53^.3.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
29", on the 26th ; the smallest was 14°. 5, on the
23d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 22°.

The mean temperatures were — on the 22d, 6o°.6;
on the 23d, 61°. I : on the 24th, 62^3 ; on the 25th,
6l°.6 ; on the 26th, 63°.; ; on the 27th, 66°.7 ; and
on the 2Sth, 66" ; and these were all above their
averages by o°.2, o°.4, 1°.4, o°.5, 2°. 3, 5°.4, and 4°. 7
respectively.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 140°, on the 27th. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 125°. 8.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 42°, on the 26lh.
The mean of the seven readings was 45°. 5.

Rain. — Rain fell on three days to the amount of
0.06 inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
June 28 the highest temperatures were 82°, at
Blackheath, Si'.g at Nottingham, 81°. 2 at Liverpool ;
the highest at Truro and Plymouth was 75°, at
Preston 76^.5. The general mean was 79°. i.

The lowest temperatures in the week were 41°,
at Cambridge, 42°.5 at Wolverhampton, 43°.3 at
Nottingham ; the lowest at Plymouth and Preston
was 51°, at Brighton and Liverpool 5o°.5. The
general mean was 46^.5.

The greatest ranges were 39°. 4 at Cambridge,
38°.6 at Nottingham, 36°. 2 at Bolton ; the smallest
ranges were 24°, at Plymouth, 25°. 5 at Preston, and
27°, at Truro. The general mean was 32 .6.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Blackheath, 75°. 3, at Cambridge 75°, at
Nottingham 74° 5; and was lowest at Bradford
67°.2, at Wolverhampton 6S°.5, and at Liverpool
68*.6, The general mean was 7i**.2.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 5S°.2, at Brighton 54°.3, at
Liverpool 54°.! ; and wis lowest at Cambridge,
48°, at ^Wolverhampton 48°. 2; and at Bolton and
Hull 48°.7. The general mean was 5I°.3.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
27°, at Hull 25°, 2, at Nottingham 25°; and was least
at Liverpool, 14°. 5, at Preston 16". I, and at Brad-
ford l6''.6. The general mean was 19°. 9.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
63°. I, at Plymouth 62°. i, at Brighton 6l°.4 ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 56°. 6, at Bolton 5*^'''9> *^t
Bradford 57°. I. The general mean was 59". 5-

Kain. — The largest fall was 0.96 inch, at Wolver-
hampton, 0.12 inch at Bristol, o. n inch at Cam-
bridge ; the smallest fall was 0 ot inch at Bradford,
o 02 inch at Leeds, o 05 inch at Leicester. No rain
fell at Plymouth. The general mean fall was o. 14
inch.

Scotland ; Temperature. — During the week end-
ing June 28, the highest temperature was %'^, at
Glasgow ; at Gieenock the highest was 72°. The
general mean was 77°. I.

The lowest temperature in the week was 4i°.5,
at Glasgow ; at Leith the lowest temperature was
48°.8. The general mean was 45". 9.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
59°. 2, and lowest at Aberdeen, 56°. 7. The general
mean was 58°.

Rain. — The largest fall was 0.53 inch, at Aber-
deen ; and the smallest fall was 0.03 inch, at Edin-
burgh, The general mean fall was 0.20 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

©ijttuari)*

We regret to have to record the death, on June 23,
of Mr. George Toll, of Hullard Hall Nursery,
Manchester, aged forty-nine years — an announcement
that will be a sad surprise to many who saw him so
lately as at the Whit-week show at Old Trafford. Mr.
Toll was a native of Dunsford, near Exeter, Devon-
shire, and as a lad worked in the nurseriesof the Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons. Afterwards he entered the service
of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co,, with whom he
stayed a few years. He then went as foreman in a
private place in South Wales, where, however, he did
not stay long, but found his way back to Messrs.
Lucombe, Pince & Co.'s nursery. When the Art
Treasures Exhibition was opened in Old Trafford in
the spring of 1857 he was sent from Exeter with a large
collection of Orchids, his employers considering him
fully competent twenty-seven years ago to take charge
of and stage for them — a collection of plants that in
those days was considered almost unique. How well he
acquitted himself, and how successfully he fulfilled his
mission, may be gathered from the fact that Mr. W.
Turner, of Barr Hill, Pendleton, was so charmed with
the plants, and so much pleased with the man, that
he forthwith purchased the majority of the former,
and under no circumstances would he allow them to
be separated from the latter. Plants and man
were then duly installed at Barr Hill. After
a time, however, as the collection increased,
the whole were removed to Pendlebury House, where
they came under the supervision of the late J. A.
Turner, Esq., M.P. Here master and man were
enthusiastic in their attachment to their plants, and
as any new Orchid appeared anywhere it was eagerly
secured and placed among the already choice and rare
subjects in the houses. The writer has often heard Mr.
Toll tell how when he had purchased the first flower-
ing plant he saw of Calanlhe Veitchii and placed it
amongst his plants in the evening he had witched the
following morning when his employer walked through
the houses to see with what delight and pleasure the
master saw the veritable gem that had been secured.
Again when a rival appeared in the exhibition tent it
became a serious matter to decide how the position
secured by Mr. Toll should be maintained, and how
heartily he used to tell the story of his being despatched
on one occasion to Exeter to pick out some plants that
might be of service the following season. As soon
as he reached the nursery of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince
& Co. he was informed that his rival had only just
left, and had taken the sizes and descriptions of a
number of choice specimens. Here was just the
opportunity — nothing had been purchased, so "little
George," as he was familiarly called, went round and
at once secured all he required, and soon they were
despatched to Pendlebury House. This collection
now became invincible, but in 1867 another Turner
was spoken of, and the collection from Leicester was
to be pitted against Manchester. June 7 came, and
the show opened, but the Leicester group was
only able to secure 2d honours. The Pendlebury
group of twenty plants were objects of high culture,
and were deservedly placed ist. In June of the fol-
lowing year the collection was disposed of, Messrs,

Stevens, of King Street, Covent Garden, coming
down to sell them. Many high prices were given for
the plants, for some choice pieces of Saccolabium,
Vanda, Acrides, Cattleya, and Lcelia were amongst
them. Soon after the plants were parted with Mr.
Toll secured the business at Hullard Hall, and for
the last sixteen years he has been known as one of
the more prominent nurserymen in the neighbourhood
of Manchester. At the present time the houses are
stocked with Orchids, and a keen eye may here find
many varieties that are not usually to be met with,
for it was always the practice of Mr. Toll to secure
the rare and choice varieties, knowing well that in
these days it is not enough to hold the type of any
species, but that superior varieties are those mostly
sought after, and those that command the best prices.
How well Mr. Toll grew Anaectochili twenty years
ago may be gathered from Mr. B. S. Williams'
Orchid Groioers' Alanual^ where he says, * ' The
best collection I ever saw was grown at Pendlebury
House by Mr. G. Toll." Now that he has gone the
mind instinctively runs back, and the mcmury calls
up Mr. A. Beesley, Mr. T. Hubberstey, Mr. W.
Milford, and Mr. J. Brooke, all intimately connected
with Orchid culture, and all of whom have passed
away in middle life. Now we have to mourn the
loss of one who long retained a foremost place
in the ranks and affectionate regard of Orchid
growers. S.

Answers to Correspondents.

Amateur : Pafgravc, Diss. A nurseryman is one who
grows and buys and sells plants, as a means of
obtaining his livelihood. An amateur grows flowers,
fruits, and vegetables for his own pleasure or con-
sumption, as the case may be, but who does not buy
or sell as a matter of busmess.

Books ; A. D. W. All well known works, and of no
particular value, that is to say, they do not realise
fancy prices.— G. Pirn. Messrs. John Menzies & Co.,
Edinburgh or Glasgow.

Cutting Striking in Moss : W. Tyers. We do not
know if Carnations can be struck in this way. Why
not try the plan yourselt ?

Do Humble Bees Sting? Leirion. Yes ; all the
aculeate Hymenoptera — bees, wasps, and ants — sting.
The needle-like tube through which the eggs are
ejected is in this group of insects attached to a bag
containing a poisonous fluid. But generally, ii you do
unto others as you would like them to do to you — i.e.,
not molest them — they will let you alone.

EucHARis AND LiLiUM : H. J. You would certainly
not be justified in showing six pots of Eucharis in a
class tor "six pots of Lilium."

Insects : D. McL. The moth sent is the common
Oak Egger (Lasiocampa Roboris). W. — 7". W., Aig-
burth. The handsome bronzed beetle, an inch long,
found in the Orchid-house is a common Brazilian one,
which has doubtless been imported in the pupa stale,
in the earth of your plants. It belongs to the family
Helopidae and to the genus Camaria, and is not known
as injurious to Orchids. W,

IXORA WiLLiAMSii : T. Joh7isofi. We cannot tell
from the information you afford us the precise reason
for the blooms falling off at that particular stage of
growth. They are perfect in their parts, and simply
refuse to grow. Is the bottom-heat more than 85*?
and is it kept steadily at one point? Are the plants
dry near the centre of the ball, whilst the surfaces
appear moist ?

Marattia elegans : Exhibitor. Certainly. We
know of no reason to the contrary.

Names of Plants : R. S. Nmujll. Anagallis tenella.
— H. Britten. Ceanothus azureus. — G. W. B. i,
Astrantia major; 2, Lactuca Plumieri. — Enquirer,
I, Crataegus nigra, so far as we can tell without the
fruit: is the tree spineless or spiney? 2, Pyrus pin-
natifida. — D. D. i, Agrimonia Eupatorium ; 2, Teu-
crium scorodonia ; 3, Hypericum pulchrum ; 4, Rumex
obtusifohus ; 5, Anagallis arvensis ; 6, Urtica dioica.

Napoleon Pear : 7- Scott. We cannot tell you why
your Napoleon Pear produces two crops of flowers
every year, but we know that this variety frequently
does the same thing in other places, and ihat it usually
flowers at the ends of the shoots instead of on the
spurs, as has been frequently commented on in these
columns.

Orchids : A. Johnson. The Cattleya Mossios is a very
ordinary variety. We do not recognise the Odonto-
glossum — a poor thing. — T. Spencer. A nice form of
Cattleya Mossias.

POT-PouRRi ; W. M. Broomford. This, according to
Mr. G. W. S. Piesse, in h\s Art of Perfumery , is made
with the following ingredients : — Dried Lavender,
lib.; whole Rose If-aves, i lb, ; crushed Orris (coarse),
i lb. ; broken Cloves, Cinnanion, and Allspice, of
each 2 oz. ; table-salt, i lb. ; the salt being used to
increase the weight and bulk of the product, to sell it
cheaply. The mixture is made of dried flowers, and
the spices not ground.

SiKKTM Rhododendrons : An Old Reader. The
Sikkira Rhododendrons are all natives of the Sikkim
Himalayas, in North-eastern India, and are nearly all

28

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 18S4.

hardy, or nearly so, in the soulh-western counties of
England and Ireland.

Strawberry Culture : A. Barker. Very successful
practice, but nothing particularly unusual.

Vines : T. B. We have been unable to ascertain by
what means the plants have been injured, but the case
certainly seems very suspicious. We can find neither
insect nor fungi, and suspect that some chemical has
been used.

Communications Beceivkd : — T. S. W.— P. P. P. — G. P.
—J. Hammond. -T. N.-W. E. G.— J. S.-B.-W.— J. B.-
M. Ctirrevon. Geneva. — K — F. M., Olasnevin (best itiaoks).
— E. S. D.-E. D— T. HilL— S. A.-F. A. B.— G. W.-
C H.-C. J. G.— D. C. P.

CO VENT GARDEN, July 3.
Strawberries are now in full swing ; heavy supplies,
with prices at their lowest. Cherries also in iair quan-
tities, and looking well. Business less active. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Apples, 5^-sieve . . 3 o-?5 o
Cherries, J^-ieve .. 7 0-12 o
Currants, black, per

J^ sitve . . 56-66

Figs, per dozen .. 40-80
Grapes, per lb, . , 20-50

5.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case,, 10 o- 14 o
Pine-apples, Eng ,Ib. 20-30
— St. Michael's, each 20-50
Strawberries, per lb. 04-10
PtacheSj per doz. .. 2 0-12 o

Vbgetables.— Average Retail Prices.

,r. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,

per doz, . . ..30-50

Asparagus, English,

per 100 . . .,4^60

— French, bund.., 20-..
Beans, French, p. 100 16-..
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-..
Carroti, per bun. ,. o 4- ..

— New French, per
bunch .. ..13-..

CauhHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. a o- 3 o

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen . . ..30-..

Garlic, per lb. ,.06-..

d. s.

Herbs, per bunch .. o 2- t
Horse Radish, bund. 3 o- i
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. .. i 6- .

— Cos, each .. 02- ,
Mint, green, bunch., o 6- ,
Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- :
Onions, per bushel.. 6 o- ,

— Spring, per bun. o 6- ,
Parsley, per bunch. . o 6- ,
Peas, English, quart i 6- .
Radishes, per do/. ..16-
Rhubarb, per bund, o 4- i
Small saladirg, per

pUQnet .. ..04-,

Spinach, per bushel 2 6-
Tomatos, per lb. , . i 6-
Turnips, new, bun. .. i 3-

PoTATOS. — Old Potatos finished. New — Jersey kidneys, 7^,
per cwt. ; round, 6j. Cherbourg, roimd, 6j. ; kidneys, yj.

Plants in Pots. —Average Wholesale Prices-

,1. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.12 0-34 o
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per do7en . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 6 0-12 o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsena term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz.12 0-48 o
tuonymus. various,

per dozen .. ,. 90-18 o

Evergreens, in var.*
per doze . . ,.6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Kicus elasiica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o

5. d. s, d.

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 4 o-ij o
Heliotrope, doz. ,, 40-90
Hydrangea, per doz, 9 o- 18 o
Lilium loDgiflorum,

per dozen.. ..30 o 48 o

Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..8 0-18 o

Mignonette, per doz 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in var.. each 2 6-2t o
Pelargoniums (show)

per dozen ., ..6 0-18 o

— scarlet, per doz.. 4 o 12 o
Petunias, per dozen 6 0-12 o
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 60-90
Roses, each . . ..20-30

Spira;a, per dozen .. 8 0-12 o
Spiraea palmata, doz. iS o 30 o

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Abutilon. 12 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 30-60
Bouvardias, per bun. 09-10
t-'alceolaria.izsprays 10-16
Carnations, 112 bun. 20-60
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 20-40
Eschschoitzia,t2 bun. 20-40
Eucharis, per doz. .. 40-80
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches .. ..20-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60
Gladiolus, various,

12 burches ., 2 c- g o

Heliotropes. i3Sp. .. 06-1 o
Ins, various, 12 bun, 3 0-12 o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . , ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60

s. d. s. a.

Mignonette, 12 bun. 30-60
Nemophila, 12 bun. i o- 1 6
Pelargoniums, per 12
sprays .. ..06-10

— zonal, 12 sprays 04-09
Pinks,various,i2 bun. 20-60
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrethurm, 12 bun. 20-60
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 6 0-12 o
Roses {indoor), doz. 10-40

— (ouidoor), 12 bun. 3 o- g o

— coloured, doz. .. 2 c- 0 o
Stephanoti*, 12 spr. 26-40
Stocks, 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas. 12 bun. 20-60
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 40-60
Tropseolum, 12 bun. 16-30
Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-16
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10

SEEDS.

London : July 2. — The seed market continues of
quite a holiday character, business being nominal. Rain
is still much needed for the crops. Full prices are made
for Rape seed, and good lots are sought after. In Tri-
foliuni incarnatum there is a little more doing ; the
samples of new French seed now offering exhibit line
quality. Hemp seed continues exceedingly scarce and
dear. Blue boiling Peas and Haricot Beans sell at last
week's quotations. Feeding Linseed is firm. Juh/i Skaio
fir* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C,

POTATOS.

The following are the latest prices to hand : —
Magnum Bonums, 8ar. to 90J. ; new — St. Malo, 6j. ;
kidneys, gj. 6t/. to loj. ; Jerseys, gj. to ioj. ; and
Cherbourgs, 6t. dd. per cwt.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepaied to make special offers to the Trade, for quantitie> by
the Yard or Ton in truckl ^ads. Terms on application. In
sample bags, 4J (id. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
6j. per bag ; twenty bags for 55. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, AS. per bag; five bags for \is. td.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM. SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD, COCOA FIBRE, MATS.
RAFFIA. CORK. GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS,
LABELS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, ^d. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 355. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is.6d. per bushel ; izi. td. per % ton ;
2 2 J. per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, is. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is. td. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD. \s. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, \s. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS. is. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered— a very powerful
Fertiliser. 13J. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, iZs. per cwt. ; s^lb.,
lis.; 7 lb , 25. 6d. Alt bags id. each.

Terms, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Station Road, Elephant and Castle, S.E,

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ,

Circulars, 7uith full particidars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVEBPOOL.

BEESON'S

MANURE.

This is the Manure now used by the leading Nurserymen
and Rose Growers. Prlce, 12S. per CWt.. carriage paid for
Cash. In Sealed Bags, thoroughly air-tight. Also in \s. Tins ;
per Parcels Post, is. 6d. It will keep for any lengih of time, and
is the best Manure for all purposes in the Flower, Fruit, or
Kitchen Garden. References, Directions for Use, &c , on
application to

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffisld,

FOk
GLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

CREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpensive, Easily applied, Lnsts all tlie
Summer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., po.^t l.'l.

For Fixinf? Bloom in Azaleas,
&c., and for Cut Flowers.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Sold in bottles. Is. & 2s. Per post, 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very efiectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles. Cockroaches, U||^|JtC'
Criekefs, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwilCO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses, — for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price 6d., Is. & 2s, 6d. Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "/Si;;;j'

VICTORIA & OATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble inWater)

FIR TREE OIL

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites fmm the Roots
or Foliape of Trees and Phut:-. Kill.-i uU \'ey^''t:Lblo Gnibs,
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Unipea
from Mealy Bug, ire. and makes a gout Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedrtinen'and Chemists, 1/(5, 2/6, 4/G a bottle. Per pal-
Ion 12 'fi. or less in lareer quantities. A Treat's'' on *^Fir Tri-e
OU," and its application, nei>t fvpe nn vcfipt of adiin^", ''v 'h'
Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANC^HESTEll.
Wholesale from HoopriP. & Co. ; Corhy. Soper, Fnwi v.v. an 1
Co ', C. E. OsMAN At Co . and from all the Loudon Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

FiTBt Arrival of New Archangel Mats this Season.
T BLACKBURN AND bONS are prepared

*■-' • to Sell now at lnwes.t pritts. Particulars on application
at 4 aud s, Woimwood Stieet, E.G.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Ktd Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and other BliEht. r to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in laiher from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3s., aud 10s. td.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantain'^. Kib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass Testimoaials and
mstruclions on application. 365, per cwt. : 28 lb. tins, loi-. ;
5^ lb. kegs, igr. each ; sample tins, 51., 2j. td. and is.

W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row, Leeds.

RICHARDSONS

GLAZED WALL-TREE

PROTECTORS.

IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES.

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fi.\cd in any part of the
^^ Oitj^i^''^. Kingdom with Hot-water

™ME^DAL^^^ Apparatus complete

SOUTH KEN-
SINGTON, 1883.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICaLTURAL WORK.?,

DARLINGTON.

CATALOGUE
free.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings,

Price Liit on application to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

DAVID LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

AND

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK. EDINHURGH; and CORNEROOK.

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estim.ites on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

Ga rde n Era mes and Sashes i n Sioc k .

TCLifeSSHOUSES8c»EATi5

BMw^mwmf

vKIGHCATE ROAD . LONDON .N.Wc-^j

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Rafifia, Mati;, Bamboo Canas, Rustic
Woik, Manures. &c. Cheapest Pnc.'; of
WATSON AM) SCULL, go. Lower Th-im-is Si , London, E.C.

July 5, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

29

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS,

the Largest Assortment in London at

K. HOLLIDAY'S SHOW BOOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.
For Price, £r'f., set Catalogue,

WATER BARROWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS,
LAWN MOWERS, &c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORV WIREWORK,
see Special Catalogue.

Patent EXCELSIOR Lawn Mower,

tbe Best In the World.

To practically demonstrate it'i superiority
over all other Machines, the EXCELSIOR
will be shown in actual work every Thursday
and Saturday, on the
Crystal Palace Lawr,
near the steps leading to
the grounds. Gardeners
and Amiteurs are invited
to test its cutting powers
on the grass.

CHADBORN &

333. UPPER

Makers : —

COLDWELL MFG. CO.,

THAMES STREET.
LONDON. E.C.

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER.

PATENT.

The old system of tying completely done away with. Great
economy of labour and time. Will bear the weight of the
heaviest crop of Graces grown under glass. Can be fixed during
the growth of the Vine. Sold in Foxes, containing 6 dozen
each, price 6^, td. Orders received by

Mr. J. W. DART, St. Aubln's. Jersey.

*#* Awarded the

AT EACH OF T,

THREE GREAT CONTESTS

Birmingham, 1874,
Manchester, 1881,
London, 1832. _, .-^ ,

.0^

•*• PONY and
HORSE-POWER.;

Send for Tlliistraled Price Lists
to tlie SOLE MAKERS,

THE ONLY

GOLD
M EDAL

EVER OFFERED
IN ENGLAND.

JOHN CROWLEY & CO., SHEFFIELD.

HORTICDLTDRAL STRHCTTIRES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

i I

.9- U

c5

ii^a*'

JAMES BOYD ife SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HE.VriNG ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

L0ND3N OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall, S.W.

*^^t^s<8!

HOT-WATEK APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS Of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

R. HAL.LIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th«

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,

and that THR VERY BEST.

COUServatOrieS and Winter Gardens designed arcbitecturaliy correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the laree-t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hothed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of tJu Kingdotn.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIAL?.

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,

Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.

Illustrated CATALOGUE Free en amplication.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS. WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C.

LAWN MOWER.— Green's 26-in. Pony
Machine; recently undergone thorough repair.
H. SHEMEN. Oatlands Paik. Weybtidge.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stoue.
(Registertd Trade Mark )

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty yeari ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihslanding a host of unprmcipleo
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. id, prr gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Piercefield Park, yune -zi, 1876. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstnw to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varni=h as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAl/TIOiV. — H 11.1. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencmg Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironwcrks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E,C.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street. Glasgow.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pines, 9 feel long, 4J. 3*/. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feel long, 4J. dd. each.

Price List on application.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. Lasts four times as 1 mg as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."

Private Cuitoiners Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ol

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manu'acturers, 63, Long Acre, London. W.C.
TEN SILVER ^^Mt MEDALS

AWARDED ^:^^^i^^ '^^

JOHN MATTHEWS, THE Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Marh. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from r to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldf^m turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIICING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS. Sic. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs. 11.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splittin.? and

thin for using whole. The largest holder m England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool,

B

30

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

UCLY 5, 1884.

DEANE &
CONSERVATORIES k

CO.'S

GREENHOUSES.

The prices given include ERECTING CUMPLhlE, viith
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... J5ft. by9ft. .. 20ft. by 12ft. .. 25ft. by 15ft.
Price.. {,¥>■ ■■ £ii 103. .. A58.

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size.. loft. by6ft. i2fi. by 8ft. isfl. by loft. 20ft. by 12ft.
Price. £19101. ;£23 roj. . .£29 i&r. £,o.

Propomonale prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories.free.
THE
LOU GH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, complete as shown,
wiih 12 ft. of 4-in. Hot. water
Pipe, £4 4J.

The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-

tatus made. It requires

no buck seiiiiiji, no stokehole, and no hot- water fitter for fixing,
and hums more ihan twelve hours witnout attention.

Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE & CO.,
Owm'^st"). LONDON BRIDGE.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES. FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

BENSON'S

WORKMAN'S

SILVER ENGLISH LEVER.
£5 : 5 : O

S
S'

PECIALLY MADE TO KEEP PER-

FECT TIME.

TAND ROUGH WEAR and

AST A LIFETIME.

JN

ALL SIZES.

pAPPED, JEWELLED, and
A LL LATEST IMPROVEMENTS.

rs WITHOUT EXCEPTION THE

B

EST WATCH MADE FOR THE

w

ORKING CLASSES, AND ALL

VS/HO REQUIRE A WATCH OF
QPECIAL STRENGTH and ACCURACY.
tSeLWERED FREE, and at OURRISK,
TiO ALL PARTS for P.O.O., or CASH BY

K

EGISTERED LETTER to VALUE OF

"PIVE GUINEAS— by

J. W. BENSON,

THE STEAM FACTORY,

LUDGATE HILL, LONDON. E.G.

Illustrated LISTS of this Watch and all
others made at the Steam Factory free on
application .

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

The ahove Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK- FACED LETTERS. ,

The Ccirdeners Magazine says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit. '
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-op-Avon.

GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICES.

LUGGAGE LABELS,

LINEN and MANILLA

(EVELETTED).

Samples and Price LISTS on application.

JOHN HEYWOOD,

Wholesale Stationer,
DEANSGATE and RIDGEFIELD,
M AN C HESTER.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, kl.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
tain., aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by^i6in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-oz.
and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases

Roaher'B Garden Edging Tiles.

1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in m;uerials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited (or KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they bar.
hour no Slugs or Inaects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDKN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable ard of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. : King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsiand Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FdXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
fur Conservatorie&, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 35 per square yard upwards. Patteru Sheet of Plain or
mo'C elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selcciion.

WHITE GLAZtD TILES, for Limns Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Kanees. Baths, &c. Gjooved and other Stable

Paving ol t;reat durability Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tilths in great variety Slates, v^ement, &C.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addre'ises above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckioad. ou Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pit", to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURKS lor Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates iti any
quantUies.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.

yNDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-

J- houses, Proteclirg Seed-beds, &c , ico yards (25 inches
wide) for loi., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for
loi . delivered Iree per Parcels Post. This is a perfectly pure
Cotton Muslin, very useful for Curtains. Blinds, Draperies.
Cream Colour. Postal Older to be sent with each order.
Send stampe-d envelope for Pattern.

J. Kay and sons. Bu.nley Wood Mills. Burnley.

BLAKE'S PATEMT ** SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Paicel Post Boxes.

For ^izes and Price apply to the Sgle Maiiu'artnTers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL.

LAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S

WATt:RPROOF' and other labels, for Nursery and
Greenhou-e purposes; also the WILl.ESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmea's requisites.
Address: School Lane. Liverpool.

NE^tInG for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Sttawbemrs, &C.-TANNED NETTING for
protf cling the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, -id. per yard, or 100 yards, 165, ; 4 yards wide, i^d. per
yard, or 50 yards, i6i. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes, or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, td. per yard ; 4 yards wide, ir. per yard ; ?4-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, js,td. per yard. TIFFANY, SJ. and 6j. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Ciooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.

RALPH WALLER AND CO.
(Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester,
MANUFACTURERS of GARDEN NETTING for Hot-
houses, Orchids. Cheap SUMMER SHADINGS, Light and
Durable ; TI FFANIES. Samples and prices on apphcation.

^piFFANY and SCRIM for Protecting Fruit

J- Trees and Greenhouse Shadiig, from 2df per yard.
TANNED NETTING in all widths at wholesale prices.
RUSSIAN MATS of every description at reduced prices, aud
RAFFIA FIBRE. Price List cd application at

J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London, E.C.

GARDEN NETTING.

6'. A. SANDS,

(Successor to J. W. Haythorn,)

MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND
CHISWICK GARDEN NETS.

Warranted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds,
Hail, ifc. ; and Fruit from Birds, Wasps, ifc.

Pattern and Prices Free per Post.

Address, S. A. SANDS,

20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially aelected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i%d., and 4 yards wide, yt. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and sh.iding Greenhouses, tram ilid. per yard and upwards.

Kussla Mats, Eaffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

CANADA NORTH-WEST

LAND COMPANY, LIMITED.
This Company offers for Sale to lavestors and Farmers the
finest WHEAT-GROWING Land in the World, situated in
MANITOB--^ aiid the ereat Norih-West. The properties may
be reached in 14 DAYS FROM ENGLAND, and terms of
payment ate FAVOURABLE TO BUYERS. Personal
application, if possible, is invited by the undersigned, who has
visited the Lands. For lull paiticulars apply to the Company's

Emigration and Land Agent —
ALEXANDER MObSES, 114, Cannon Street, London, E.C.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal-Mr. H. E. MlLNER, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Kooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p M. Prospsctus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the bchool of Art, Sci-^nce, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MlLNHR has moved his (.tffices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETRANGEKE (Belgian and ForeiRn Hmticultural
Review). — Among the pnn-^ipal Contributors are: — A. Allaid,
E- Andre. C. Baltei, T. Buchelet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci6pin,
Comle de Gomcr, De Jonse van Ellemeet, O de Kerchove de
Dei.terghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkiiidi Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies., B. Pvnaen, E Ro*?igas A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A. van Geerl Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxeni,
H. J. Veiich, A. Wotmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every mnntb,
in Parts 01 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms ol Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
lis., payable in advance.

Publishing f)fiicc : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Po^t-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
si the Chief Post-office, Ghent.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1S65, by F. BuRVE*
NiCH, F. Paynakpt, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hullb,
Professors at the Herticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mcntat Ghent. Post-paid, iw. per annum.

H. T. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purcha^idC an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on staling the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties
/^ era /d Office, Birmingham." Th« Midland Counties Herala
always contains large numbers of adverii.-ements relating to
Farms. F.st.iies, and Residrnces for Sale and to be Let.

PARTNER WANTED, who can invest a
small amount of money in a Nursery Business. Ho must
understand the Propagation of Ficus, Palms, Feins, &c. - For
particulars address R. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street. Ptiand. W.C.

/ANTED, a good ORCHID GAR-

DENER.— Apply, by letter, to J. B., The Collage,
Bushey Park, Teddingtoo.

ANTED, in Sussex, a GARDENER,

about 40, without children. Absolutely dependable
couple required. Man must have a good working knowledge
of Grapes, Flowers. Vegetables, and Jersey Cows ; Wife to take
charge of a Small Dairy and Poultry. The place is a small one
of 5 acres. One other man is kept.— Testimonials, including
one from a clergyman, to C. H. Wells, Esq., The Lodge,
South Norwood Park, S.E,

July s, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

31

WANTED, as SECOND GARDENER
[siit[;le), a man who is iDdu^trious ai>d uiidersttnds
thoroughly iu and Oaidoor Work, fruit and Plant Growing.
Three kept. — Apply by letter only, with paiticulais, Mr.
Waller. The Gaidens, Beech Lodge. Watford, Hens.

ANTED, an UNDER GARDEDER,

without children. Wife to take care of Lodge. Must
have thoroughly gond character. — Address, by leiter, A.,
Howard's Printing Office, S}denham, S.E.

ANTED, a good FOREMAN, Indoors,

to take charge of Fruit and Plant Growing for Cut
Flower, House aud Table Decoration, &c. — Apply by li;Ucr
only, ^.tating age, experience, and references, to THOS. H.
SUTTON, \ he Gardens. Worksop Manor. Notts.

W' ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a FORE-
MANaud PROPAG.vrOR. As it is a situali-jn of
confidence and trust excectional references as to elTiciency,
honesty, and sobriety will be required. Must have a good
knowledge of Growing for Matkel. Specialiies cultivated aie
Koses, Strawberries, Tomato-;, and Chrysanthemums, A young,
energetic man preferred. — Apply, by letter only, in own h<.nd-
wriliiig. stating wages required, &c.. to H. BENNETT,
Pedigree Rose Nur>ery, Shepperton, Middlesex

ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and

GROWER, for a Market Nursery. Every enc 'Urage-
tnent given to a good man. Wages commencing ai 30J per
werk. One from a m.irket nursery preferred. — TURNER
BR<*S., Green Hill Nuisery. Allcrton. LiverLiool.

WANTED, a young MAN, to Assist in
Growing Ferns and Flanta for Market, From a
London Nursery preferred. -CHAS. HOLLINGWORTH,
Fir Wcxl Nursery, F-irnbofoueh. Kent.

WANTED, a young MAN, strong and will-
ing, for J-awn Work and to A;?sist hi the Houses.
Wages i6j. per week, good bothy an J vegetables. — Mr. J.
BlSH.The Lodge, Marchwiel Ha^l. Wrexham, Norih Wales.

WANTED, in a Nursery, a young man as
BOOK-KEEPER, and make himself otherwi-e useful
in the Business. A preference given to one used to the Cut
Flower Trade — Address, with lull particulars, where last
employed, salary expected, &c, S. DIXOX and CO.. Amhurst
Nursery. Amllu^^t Ri'iad, Hackney. N. K.

/"lOMMISSlUN OFFERED to TKA-

yj VEILERS who can Sell English.grown PALMS.

FERNS, FICUi, &c.

B. F., Gardeners' Chrtiiicte Office, 41, Wellington Street, W.C.

WANT PLACES.

*^ Gardeners and others seeking; siluations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
•with so-called Horticttliitral As;enis, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
AIONEY to any Agent unless they have good
re tson to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be tinknown to them, ■with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

C O T C H GARDENERS.

— John Dowme, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street- Edin-
burgh, has at preaent on his list a number of SCOTCH
GAKDENERS, waiting re-engng!^ments. at wages ranging
from £$0 to .£100 per annum, and he will be pleased to sujply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trutt-
worlhy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD S MITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vir.eyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

EB. LAIRD AND SONS (successo7s to the
• late Firm of DowNiH & Laird) can at present recom-
mer.d with every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities may be thoroughly de-
pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and
FAkM B-AlLIFFS. — 17. Frederick Street. Edinburgh.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen reqmrlng Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFPS. or GARDEiVERS.

TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all

^* times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be mat'e t*^ 237 and 238 High Holbom, W.C.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 39; great ex-

perience inall Kiacches, includinL; Orchids. Abstainer for
twe've year:.— H. V.. ^^5. Nivna Road. Uoper Tooting. S.W.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no
family ; thoroughly experienced. Wife cun attend to
1 dge gate or assist in house, if required. — F. MOOKE, :o,
Fl.e^ Street. R.'seh'M. P-rby. "'

GARDENER (Head) ; age 29,— W. Bastin
is open to ergige with any Lady or Gentleman re^uirii g
lh° services of a thoiough pracacal Gaidener. Two years and
a half General Foreman in prese;,! situaiion. First-cla<;s cha-
racter from present and previous employers. — W. BA3TIN,
Ashgrcva Gardens, Sevenoaks, Kent.

C "^ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
^ Mr. Ironmonger, Graisley Hii], Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his late Head Gardener, who is thoroughly
competent to underUke the charge of any Lady's or Gentle-
man s Garden in all its requurements. Has had considerable ex-
perience at some of the leading places in England. — B.
GWVNNE, Railway Road, Alvechurch, near Redditch.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three
are kept, or good Single handed. — Age 26, single;
eleven yearb' exuerience.— J. WALKER, 169, Cambridge
Strtet. Pimhco, S.W.

GARDENER ^Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man. — Age 35,
two children (one seven, one five rcspealively) ; ten jeais Head
Gardener at Testwood Park with Lieut -Col. llruce, having
previously taken practice in the garden of Arundel Castle and
other very good places No objection lo the Supervision of a
little Pasiure and Arable Land, having bten closely connected
with it at Testwood. Wife would undertake a Small Dairy and
Poultry. — HY. VICKERY, Chalk Hill.Wc^i End, Souihampto:i.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Experi-
enced in Vines, Early and Late Forcing, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Wife good Dairywiman. Good character
from present employer. — J. P., Ridgway Oaks, Enfield, N.

GARDENER (He.^d Working), where two
or thrte more are kept. — Age 27, single ; thoroughly
experienced in all branches. First-class references. — G. W.,
I, Stafford's Place, Exmouth, Devon.

/^ARDENER (Head~Working).— Age 34,

^•^ mairied. Thorou2;hly understands his.profession in all
its branches. Nine years and a half in present situation.— C,
W , The Gardens, Livermere Park, Bury St. Edmunds.

C ^ARDENER (Head Working); age 30.
y — Mr. Rann, Gaidener to J. Warren, Esq.. Handcross
Park, Crawley, Sussex, can hii*hly recommend a thorough good
Gardener, with sixteen years* exoerience in Early and Late
Forcing, also in the General Woiking of a good Garden.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
marned, t^o children; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants Flo*erand Kitchen
Gardening. Good character. — E. C., 2, Flexion Terrace, Rye
Common, Hoddesdon, Herts.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Age 29,
mil ried, one child ; thoroughly experienced in all
branches of the profession. Excellent references as to character
and ability. —GARDENER, Culver Hou-e, Woodcaebier,
Gloucestershire.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,

mimed, two children ; thoioughly experienced in ad
branches. Reason of leaving. Gentleman giving up the esiab-
menc. Can be highly recommended. — J. M., Buobcnhall, near
Kenilwortlt.

C"!. ARDENER (Head Working), where two
■^ or three ate kept. — Age 32, married ; undersiands Or-
chids, Stove atid Greenhouse Plants, Melons. Cucumbers, and
General Work o' a gentleman's garden. Two years' and ttven
months good character.— G. CHILDS, Palmer's Cottages,
Lower Streaiham, Surrey.

r^ARDENER (Head Working), where

VJ three or four are kept. — Age 33, single; thoroughly
experienced in all branches of the pro essiun. Can be highly
recommended. Six years and nine months in present situation.
Leaving of his own accord. — A. B,, Moraston House, Ross,
Herefordshire.

GARDENER (Working).— Age 28, single^;
thirteen years' experience iu all branches of the profes-
sion. Good characier.— H. BRYANT, 104, Leighton Road,
Kentish Town, London, N.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Age 26 ; highly recommended from
present and previous employers.— G. B. T., Leyiaud Post Office,
near Preston, Lancashire,

ARDENER (SECOND or Single-handed).

— Sinele ; total abstainer ; two years' character. — F. J.
ARTHUR. Dollis B-onk. Church End. Finchiey. N

tf':j.ARDENER (Second), in a good establish-

V-* ment. — Age 26 ; steady and persevering. — G. C,
Stephen Se^Ie, F^rnham, Surrey.

/ ^ARDENER (SECOND), where three or four

V-^ are kept.— Age 22 ; thoroughly understands his work
both in Houses and out. One year and nine months good
character.— J. W., 55, Upper Park Road, Hampstead, N.W.

/:j.ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY-

VJ MAN, in a gooJ establishment; age 23.— Stephen
Castle, West Lynn Vineyard. King's Lynn, Norfolk, can
highly recommend a man :is above —Full pi^rticulars on
application to STEPHEN CASTLE, as above.

ARDENER (UNDER, or Third), where

three or more are kept, where he can Improve himself.—
Age 20.— E., 6, North End, Hampstead, London, N.W.

^^.ARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—

V-J Age 23.— W. ARMITAGE, Elm Field House, Don-
caster, Yorkshire.

/^ARDENER (Under), where three or more

VJ are ket^t.-A-e 21; aevcn yearh' experience. Goud
references — K. W, HOGGARD. Tranl-v Li.dge, Hcssle.

(^ARDENER (Under). —Age 20; good

V^ character.-J. BROWN. Sua Street, VVailhain Abbey.
Essex.

('^ARDENER (Under). — Age 25, single ;

V^ ten years' experience in all branches. Good Budrer.
Permanent employment in good Nursery preferred. — S. R ,
4, Denmark Riad, Camberwtli, S.E.

ri ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman^

V-fl establishment. — Age 25, single ; eood Gardener. Cha-
racter for honesty and sobriety.— R. TUCKER, 38, Manor
Road, Dawliah. Devonshire.

GJ.ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years'
' good character from present employer. In the Houses
preferred. In or near London.— A. CROW3LEV, 40, Caale
Hill. Bedford.

To Market GrowerB.

CLYCLAMEN GROWER (First-CLASS).—
Age 32 ; ten years with H. B, Smith. Ealing Dean, and
five years with R. Clarke, Twickenham. Well up in Soft-
wooded Plants.— J. MAY, 2, May Villas, Isleworth.

ORCHID GROWER. — Wanted, by an
energetic young man, a situation as Seci^nd Orchid
Grower, in the United Stales of America, after August 14, 1884.
The highest references can be given. — W. ATWOOD,
Heath & Son. Rojal Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham.

FOREMAN, or MANAGER, where Choice
Cut Flowers and Decorative Plants are required ui quan-
tiiies to supply a First-class Trade— Well up in P.ouq lets.
Wreaths, &c. Good character from present and prtvious
employers. — T. SNOW, York Street, Harborne, Hiriniiigh,im.

FOREMAN and GROWER, in a London
Market Nursery, where Plants are grown in quantity. —
Advertiser has been with Messrs. Gregory &. Evans for the
past five years. Good character from past aod present
employer. — F. C. , Longlands Nursery, Sidcup,

FOREMAN, in the Houses, where not less
than three, under Glass, are kept. Good knowledge of
the profession in all its branches. — WILLIAM MARKELL,
The (Jardens. Rocketts, Brentwood, Essex.

FOREMAN. — Well experienced in Fruit
Forcing and Soft-wooded Propdgaiing and Plant Growing
for Market. Good character and reterences. — W. S., 58, Queen's
Road, Bowes Park, New Souihgatc. London, N.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27, single;
understands Fruit and Plant Growing. Forcing, Propa-
g^linp. Sec. ; first class testimonials from previous situations ;
state wases, &c. — C. DUMPER, r, Myrtle Cottages, Bevois
Hill. Souihampton.

To Nurserymea.

FOREMAN GROWER, DECORATOR,
&c. — Aee 28, married, no encumbrance ; good references.
FLORIST, Knypersley Nursery, Biddulph, near Conglelon,
Cheshire.

"POREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estab-

J- lishment. — The Head Gardener, Harptree Court, can
recommend his Second Gardener as above. State wages.—
W. M , East Harptree, Bristol

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab-

*J lishment. — Agd 21 ; five and a half years chjracter from
U^i employer —T. rULLETT. The Gardens, Hemstead Paik,
Bennenden, Kent.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19 ;

" has had gi^od experience in thiee places. Good cha-
racter,—A. C. Poyle Park, Colnbrook, Bucks.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

f-' establihmei.t. — Age ai ; six year-.' experience. Good
character - G L , 8 Lower Barclay Sireet, Ipswich

TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's estab-

f ment. — Age ?.2 ; has had exoerience in Sc^jve and lireen-
house, and twelvitmonths in Orchids. Three years' characcer.
— S. W.. Stone's Library, 510. King's Roa-J. Chelsea. S.W.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.—

fJ Mr. Mitchell, Gardener to Sir George Elliot, Bart.,
M.P., can with confidence rec>mm-nd A. C. Twiichen asab'jve.
-Mr. MirCHELLor A C. TWITCHEN, Aberaman Park
Gardens, Aberdare, South Wale^,

To Head Gardeners.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— T. Head,

*-/ Gardener to S. A. Ralle, Esq., Cleveland House,
Clapham Park, S.W., can with confidence recommend a younff
man as Jnurneyman in ihe Houses, where Fruit and Plants are
grown. Thoroughly honest, trustwonhy, and industrious. Has
been two years in present place. — Address as above,

TOURNEYMAN7SECOND),~in the Houses,

'' or otherwise.- .Aee 22; Siugleh;»nded not objected tc.
Nursery no object.— F R., 18, Lymiugton 'ierrace, B^leyn
Road. Upton Park, Essex.

TMPROVER, in a good Establishment.—

J- Age 18 : used to the Houses. Can bs thoroughly recom-
mended.— 'Die Gardens, Haydon Hall, Eaitcoie.

IMPROVER, in a good establishment.— Age
17 ; has had two years' experience in the profession ; can
be well recommended —J. A., 25, Barrow Hill Road, St. Jchn's
Wood, London, N.W.

/^IQWMAN, or COWMAN and UNDER

V^ GARDENER.— Age 24, single ; thoroughly understands
Pias and Poultry. Good character. — JAMES DAVIES,
Pirton, Hitchin, Herts.

O NURSERYMEN, &c.— Situation wanted,

in the Houses. Good practicil experience in Growing
and Furnishing Wholesale and Retail Nurseries. Good refer-
ence, Married.- B., 3, Brewery Road, Bromley Common,
Kent.

TO HEAD GARDENERS.— A~Gardener
will have great pleasure in recommending a strong, active,
and obliging young man (age 20) to work under a Forem in ;
nver thtee years' character.— GARDF.NER. Belmont, Oiley,

Yorkshire.

/"po GARDENERS, &c.— A young man (age

-*- 20) desires a situation in the Houses ; ha^ been used to
Nursery Work. Good character.— F. W., is, Bareud, Win-
ch-^bter, Hants.

''I'^O NURSERYMEN, &c.— A young man

-*- seeks a situation in a Nursery, Sever.il yeats m Seed
Trade. Willi', g to As?istin Sh ,pand (Jffice.— A. D., Gardeticn*
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Sireet, btrand, W.C.

TJOLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.

-*--*- —Billions aff'ections. with all ihcir cmcomitant annoy-
arice* induced by atmospheric change, or loo liberal diet, sh >u!d
be checked at once, or iericui consequences mayen-ue When
any one finds his ideas less clear than usual, his eyesight din.mcd,
and his head dizzy, accompanied by a disinclination f<r all ex-
ertion physical or mental, he may be quite sure that he is ia
immediate need of some alterative medicine. Let him at oacesend
for a box of HoUoway's Pills, amiid course of which will remove
the symptoms, and speedily renew his usual healthful feeling- If
the bowels be irritable, HoUoway's Ointment should be diligently
rubbed over the stomach and liver every night and morning.

32

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 5, 1SS4. ,

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SHOW,

SHREWSBURY,
JULY 12 TO 18.

These Frames
will be exhibited
at Stand 342 ;
also Improved
Boiler, Plant
House, &c.

These Frames
will be exhibited
at Stand 342 ;
also Improved
Boiler, Plant
House, &c.

FOSTER & PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGIMEERS,

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

No, 37. DICKP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.

No. 63. PORTABLK IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. [GarHens he.

No. afid. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 543. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. q8. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54*. THE CARSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Karl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. C.\ST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths o( Hose for

^ , Garden use.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect everv description of Hvdrauhc and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms. .1c.. comprising PUMPS. TURBINES,
WAFER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS. DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, ■^•" •■••<- '^"^
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Eslimatts furnished.

FIRE MAINS,

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price Sd., Post Free 3Jd.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications shrnld be addre i^-d to "The Editor ;" AdvertisemenU and Business Letters to "The Piibli'.her." at the Office. 41. Wtllington Street, Covent Garden, Lomi.>n. W C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRAnBURV. Acnew, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of MidJIestx. and Published ly
the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellincton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said Countv.— SATt'Rr av. July 5, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Heyvvqoh. Agenls for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

establisijeti i84i.

No. 550. — Vol.

XXI I. {series. }

SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1884.

! Registered at the General ? Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. TpoST-FREE, 5j</.

CONTENTS.

Acave americana . .
Alpire plans
Al&t I Oilier ias
Aphides a Prague of
Araucaria imbncata
Arboretum, the
Auriculas, new alpiDC
Begonias, new
Blossoming, unseasonable
Buckinghamshire gardeoi

notes from a
C3r..ation, Souvenir de

Malmaison
Chiswick, notes from
Climbers, suolight for
Cooonopsi* ovata ..
Colonial notes
Dowiiton College ,.
Eliseua lorgii'cLiIa
Fall o( lea*, premature . .
Flower gardeD, ihe
Forestry Exhibiiiun, Inter-

national . .
Forestry

Fruit notes

Fruit crops, our . .
Gardening at Bedford

Park

Guevina Avellana . .
Epidendrum Chnsiyanum
Hardy Iruii garden
HeaUh Exhibition
Houlleti.1 odoratissima

xanihina

Jersey gardens, some
Kitchen garden, the
Law notes . .
Lettuces, Cibbage
Lilium auratum. spott in .
Liparis decuTsiva ..
MaoU'C - water for pot

plants

Masdevallla Gairiana
Mildew, beware o!
OdantoglossumAndersoni-

anum . .
Orchid notes

Ouchterloney Valley, the .
Papaver Hookeri . .

„ umbrosum . .
Pelargonium ■;, Ivy-leaved,
as climbers

,, new

Pentsiemons
Plants, new garden
Potato disease .. ..
Pocatos, disease of
Queensland

Sea-ion, the

Seaweed, economic appli-

cations of
Seed vessels, subterranean
Societies : —

Chiswick Flower Show .

Crv St al Palace Rose
Show . .

Nottiogham Horticul-
tural

Royal Horticultural . .

Royal Horticultural of
Ireland

Salisbury Rose Show . .

Tunbridge Wells Horti-
cultural

Winchester Horticul-
tural

Streatley Hill and woods .
Vine, the big, at Manresa

House
Vine roots in dry season. .
Vines, outdoor
Water, warm, for plants..
Weather .. ..
Window gardening

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Agave americana, fljwering offsets of .. .. .. ■ ■ 53

ChiHan Nut, the 41

Floral Pattern, a .. .. -• S»

OdontPglo sum Andersonianum, forms of .. .. 44i 45

Papaver umbrosum .. 49

Potaioi, Fungus in Diseased . . . . . . 40

T

Now Ready, In cloth, 16e.,
HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 18S4.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellineton Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

1 IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Mouths,

Agent lor America :— C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A , to whom American Orders may be sent.

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY
EXHIBITION. EDINBURGH. Now Open Daily.
Under the Pstronageof Ths Qlehn, The Prin'ce ofWales.&c.
GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS from about 50 Foreign
Countries and Cniooies. 500 Private Exhibitors. Charming
Pictures of Woodland Scenery by eminent artists. Beautiful
Display in the Indian Courts. Unique Collection in the Japanese
Courts. Manitoba Farm. Electric Railway. Grand Exhibition of
Rare and Beautiiul Trees and Shrubs. Military and other Bands.
Admission, ir: Season Tickets, 20J. : Fortnightly Tickets, rar.

ANSION HOUSE ROSE SHOW and

FLORAL FETE, THURSDAY, July 17. In aid of
The Royal Hospital lor Children and Women, Waterloo Bridge
Road, S.E.

10,000 ROSES ard other CHOICE FLOWERS.
Amateurs and Growers intending to Exhibit should com-
municate wiih Mr. J FORSYTH JOHNSON, go, New
Bond Street, W, The Lady Mayoress will be glad to receive
Contributions of Bouquets or Baskets of Flowers. Cut Flowers,
or Fruits. Tickets, zr. 6d, each, and other particulars, may be
obtained of RICHARD G. KESTIN, Secretary.

EWCASTLE-ON-TYNE SUMMER

FLOWER SHOW.— July 23. 24 and 25. For Schedules,
&c., apply to ,y^5 j GILLESPIE, Secretary.

Cross House Chambers, NewcaslIe-on-Tyne.

N-B.— Entries Close Friday. July i8.

IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION.

The SIXTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION will be

held in Selton Park, on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August

2 and 4. Upwards of FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in
PRIZES. ALL CLASSES OPEN Entries Close July 27.
Also the FIFTH CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION will
take place on NOVEMBER 35 and 26, in St. George's Hall.
For Schedules and further information apply to

JOSEPH GORE, Secretary.
5r, Maple Grove, Sefton Park, Liverpool.

BISHOP AUCKLAND FLORAL, HORTI-
CULTURAL, and INDUSTRIAL SHOW, FRIDAY,
August 8. Catalogues now ready.

ROBERT W. THOMPSON, Secretary.

Helleborus nlger (Christmas Rose).

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, NURSERYMAN,
• Brandenburg on Havel, bv Berlin, having an immense
stock of the.-ie useful Plants, can cffer them at prices per loo or
loco which defy competition. See CATALOGUE, which may
be obtained free of

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
London. E.G.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
Bedding, from 12^ to 241. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARO SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.
Fifteenth year of disti ibution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN, ts 6;^. per dor, loj.perico.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage iree for
cash with order. Above are strong and ht for potting into
3-inch pots,

JOHNT STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry,

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDKNbuRG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current oi Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Bush Hill Park Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, GKAPE VINES,
and other Nursery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nursery, near
the Bush Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and
they cordially inviie their friends to inspect the same.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

FOR SALE, splendid Specimen CAMELLIA
STORYI, fine pink, 8 feet high. 6 feet wide, in fine
health, and set wiih over 1000 bloom-buds. Price £,^ $s.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties with Prices on anplication.
*■ A Book about Strawbeiries," 3 f.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

Cabbage Plants— Cabbage Plants.

SBIDK can now offer very fine Spring-
• siwri Plaits of Nonpareil, Enfield Market, and Cham-
pion Drumhead, or Caiile CABBAGE, at 7S. 6d. per 1000;
also very fine Autumn - sown Red CABBAGE, all prickcd-
out plants, at 5,r. per 1000. Packages free on rail for cash with
order to

S. BIDE AlmaNursery, Farnham, Surrey.

SQUELCH AND B A R N H A M,
Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOM ATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

kJ7 giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thos enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM.
ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To NirTBerymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Harden,
W.C , is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application

ILLIAM DENMAN, SALESMAN and
Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden. W.C, is
open to RECEIVE from Faimers, Nurserymen, and Private
Growers. CONSIGNMENTS of FRUIT and oiher GARDEN
PRODUCE, for Disposal at the best Market Prices, in large
or small quantities.

Boxes, Baskets, Labels, &c , fjrwarded on application.
Accounts settled on demand.

WANTED, Old Plants, with plenty of
Cutiines. out of pots, of REGAL PELARGONIUMS ;
also EUCHARIS BULBS. Sorts and Prices to

PROPRIETOR, Springfield Nursery Jersey.

WANTED, to arrange for Supplies of
STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES, &c., with a
Farmer in the neighbourhood of London, who has 25 acres of
ground suitable for Fruit Growing purposes.

Apply by letter to the MANAGING DIRECTOR, .Tohn
Moir & Son (Limited), 148, Leadeohall Street, London, E.C.

s

For Present Sowing.
UTTON'S FLORISTS'

SEEDS, post-free.

FLOWER

SUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA. The Best.
"Some plants from your Calceolaria seed took first prize
here last week. I never saw anything to equal them," — Sir A.
Ramsev, Afay 22, 1884.

Price. 2S. 6a. and 5s. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S CINERARIA. The BEST.

■* We have a most splendid display of Cinerarias from
your strain ; as many as 345 blooms on one pl.int, sume ajij inches
across, and all perfect in shape." — Mr. J. Watton, March ao,
1884. Price, 25. 61^. and 5.?. per Packet, post-free.

SUTTON'S PRIMULA. The BEST.

"The strain of Primula you sent me k the best I have
CTerseen." — Mr. S. Pearce, December 13, 1883.

Price, 2i, 6rf,, 3*. dd., and 5^. per Packet, post-free.

s

UTTON'S BEGONIA. The BEST.

Your prize Begonia was superb." — Mr, G. Cooper.
Price, 2J, td, and %s. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S GLOxInTa; The Best.

"The Gloxinia seed germinated finely, and I never had
such magnificent flowers." — Mr. Jno. Marshall.

Price, IS. 6d. and ss. per Packet, poat-fiee.

s

UTTON AND

THE Queen's Seedsmen,

^BERKS.

SONS

"READING.

OUR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,
just issued, contain all the North American Lilies, Rare
Rulbs and Plants, Calochorti, Fritillarias, Heuchera micrantha,
&c., Ferns and Cy pi ipedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order,
at unprecedentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, lo be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

R"^EMAHL AND PLAN TH ABE R,
Seedsmen, Stockholm, e.vporters of Swedish CLOWER,
TIMOTHY and ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS.

URICULAS.— A choice Collection of

Alpines for Sale, all named floweis : also some splendid
Specimen CAMELLIAS in tubs.— Z., 97, South Street, Extter.

EW AUTUMN TRADE LIST

of Bulbs, including Narcissus, LiHe , Snowdrops, Chio-
nodoxa Luciiiec. Freesias, Lily of the Valley, and a large Col-
lection of Miscellaneous Bulbs and Tubers, is now ready, free
on application to
TH05. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham. London.

N"~~A R C I S S U S PO E TI C U S
^PHEASANT-EYED).
Ss. per bushel, 55. per half bushel, 35. per peck. Free oa rail
for cash.
R. FARRANCE, Chadwell Heath, Essex.

K

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post.free of

KELWAY AND SijN, Langport.

Daffodil, Daffodilly, Daffodowndlllles.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, r2. King Irtreet, Covent Garden, W.C.

Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free, on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E. C.

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New (1884) and
Old Enelish and Foreign sorts, from 1 8s. to 36,1. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

Berlin Lily of the Valley, finest single blooming crowns ;
HELLEBORUS NIGER. &c.

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, NURSERYMAN,
• Brandenburg on Havel, by Berlin, Germany, has just
published his Wholesale CATALOGUE of the above, which
may be obtained, post-free, from his Agents,

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
London. E.C.

PRIMULAS. — PRIMULAS,-—
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, i^. 6d. per dozen, los. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

NOW ON VIEW.— Collections of Roses,
Hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, acd Herbaceous
Plants, Fruit Trees, &c. Admission free.

WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross,
adjoining Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway.

OINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, 3 inches

hi^h, in aj^-inch pots well rooted, ready for 4S's, 25J. per
100, Ca-.h only ; packing free,

TURNER UROb., Florists AUerton, Liverpool.

34

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

QULY 12, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT,
July 15. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the small and choice
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS of N. W.Ils. Esq . of Clive
House, Esher (who is givang uo their culture to make room for
the growth of other plants), including several very fine pairs of
Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, Lslias, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums,
&c. A good selection of IMPORTED ORCHIDS from
Messrs. Fred. Horsman & Co., Colchester, consisting of Odon-
toglossum Rossi majus, O. bictonense superbum, La^lia autum-
nalis, Catllcya citrina. and others; also a small importation of
L/ELIA PURPURATA.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

ONCIDIUMS and ether Or<CKIDS from the Brazils.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their SALE on FRID.1V NEXT, four
Cases of ONCIDIUMS and CATTLEVAS, received direct
from the Brazils.

Friday Next.

CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZI SAMDERIANA.

CATTLEYA (LALIA) VELUTINA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Roams, 67 and 68.
Cheapside, E C, on FRIDAY NEXT. July 18. st half-past
12 o'clock precisely, a grand lot of CATTLEYA SANDER-
IAN A in supeib health, also the fiaest importation of
CATTLEYA VELUTINA ever offered-this is one of the
rarest and finest Orchids; together with many other ORCHIDS
of value, including three masses of an extraordinary looking
L^LIA.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.— Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
bee to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY,
July 20, and they will be glad to receive particulars not later
than ^londay, the 21st inst.

Offices, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.G.

Panfield, Essex.

Within 3 miles of the Important Alarket Town and Railway
Station of Braintree.

MESSRS. BALLS and NEWMAN are
favoured with instructions from the Trustees for Sale
under the will of the late Mr, John Barnard, to SELL by
AUCTION, at the -Horn" Hotel, Braintree, on WEDNES-
DAY, [uly 23, iSS4, at 3 for 4 o'CIock in the afternoon, the fol-
lowing valuable Properties : —

The desirable and attractive GARDEN or SEED FARM,
known as '■ Lightwaters," with a superb Residence, extensive
Agricultural Buildings, and about 94 acres ol productive Arable
and Pasture Land, situate by the roadside leading from ShaU
ford Green to Braintree.

The desirable GARDEN and SEED FARM called "Nokes,"
situate by the roadside near last lot, comprising 5 large well-
stocked Vineries, fitted with hot-water apparatus suitable for
growing all kinds of fruit and vegetables, large Seed Shed,
Potato Pit, and Coke House, and about 22 acres of capital
Arable Land.

Seven enclosures of fertile ARABLE and PASTURE LAND,
formerly part of" Lightwaters." situate near last lot, with suit-
able Agricultural Buildings, and containing in the whole about
65 acres.

The valuable FARM known as " Kynastons," situate by the
roadside, near the village of Panfield, with Cottage, set of
Agricultural Buildings, and about 36 acres of Arable and Pasture
Land.

The Valuable GARDEN or SEED FARM called " Perry-
childs." situate by the roadside, in the parish of Panfield, near
"Lightwaters Farm," with good Farmhouse, extensive Agri-
cultural Buildings, and about 57 Acres of capital Arable Land.

Also an enclosure of FREEHOLD PASTURE LAND,
containing about 3!'3 Acres ; four enclosures of accommodation
Arable Land and Garden Ground, 18 Cottages and Garden
Ground, all or which are in good repair.

A bRlCK-EUILT and SLATED CHAPEL, capable of
seating 150 people, with a large piece of Garden Ground.

Particulars and conditions of Sale, with Lithographed Plans,
may he had of Messrs. VELEY& CUNNING10N, Solicitors,
Braintree ; and of the Auctioneers, Castle Hedingham, Rayne,
and 6i, High Street, Braintree.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6691.)

Importations received direct from Santa Catharina, Brazil.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY, July 16, at
half-past rz o'clock precisely, zoo grand plants of L.-ELIA
PURPURATA in four varieties. 150 CATTLEYA SPECIES,
12 ONCIDIUM SPECIES. 18 MILTONIA REGNELLI,
25 CATTLEYA GUTTATA (grand plants), 25 CVRTO-
PODIUM SPECIES, 20 ONCIDIUM PR.ETEXTUM,
8 Plants of an extremely sweet-scented MILTONIA,
about 30 GONGORAS, 50 ONCIDIUM B I FOLIUM, 25
ZYGOPETALUM GAUTIERI, and a quantity of other
ORCHIDS just received direct from Santa Catharina. Brazil.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6691.)
IMPORTATIONS RECEIVED DIRECT.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, July t6,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, three cases of ORCHIDS,
just received from the Avila Mountains, Caracas, containing a
quantity of Cattleyas in fine masses ; also two cases of
ORCHIDS from India, 5000 South African TUBEROSES, a
few TREE and other FERNS, AMARYLLIS, ORCHID
BASKETS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6691.)
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.(;., on WEDNESDAY, July 16, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shultleworih,
Carder & Co., importations of ODONTOGI.OSSUM CKIS-
PUM (Alexandra), CATTLEYA GIGAS, C AURKA, C.
TRIAN/E (Ibague var). ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLA-
KIUM, and ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM, &c., all in the
best of condition.

On view morniog of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Maule's Nursery, Stapleton Road, Bristol.

E.sTaBLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises as
above, on THURSDAY. July 17. at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, in consequence of the death of Mr. Alexander James
Maule, the COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, compribing
several plants of the new Aerides Leoni, Cypripedium insigne
Maulei, Saccolabiums, Vandas. Aerides, and other well-known
varieties ; also specimen ERICAS. EUCHARIS, PALMS,
CYCADS, FERNS, Indian AZALEAS, YUCCAS, PYRUS
MAULEI, &c.; Rustic Terra-Cotla POTS, square BASKETS,
and other ORNAMENTAL WORK-a portion of the
Nurseries being required for Building purposes, but the
Business will be carried on as usual.

On view day prior and morning of Sale, and Catalogues had
on the Premises, or of Mr. L C. STEVENS. 38, King Sueet,
Covent Garden, London, W.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a FLORIST
BUSINESS, near London, Long lease, Paiticularly
suited for any one having a shop in London. Patronised by
Royalty. Prettily and newly erected Cottage and Greenhouses,
well stocked Garden, and near railway station.

Apply, M. C , Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C. ^_^_____^

To Small Capitalists. &c.

ON SALE, the UNEXPIRED LEASE and
STOCK of a ROSE NURSERY, situated in one of the
best districts in the North of England — 7 Acres of Land, four
Greenhouses, and other very useful buildings. Good old-
established business. Price ,^£400. Great bargain.

Apply X. 88, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-established BUSINESS (of
over 130 years and only changed hands three limes) of a
NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, and FLORIST, carried or.
for many years past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurseries, Merriott, near Crewkerne, and at Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse, Princes Street, Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comprise 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coniferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and well stocked Greenhouses, &c.

The Residence, Offices, Stabling, Manager's Villa, and
Cottages, and a portion of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well stocked, and is provided
with newly erected and conveniently-fitted Greenhouses, and
other Erections adapted for the business. These Premises may
also be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The age and state of health of the Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will be prepared to Sell on advantageous terms.

The Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately if so
desired, or the whole affair in its entirety, which would in the
latter case afford an excellent opportunity for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT. Roval Nurseries, Merriott ; or. to Messrs.
SPARKS AND BLAKE, Solicitors, Crewkerne. — June, 1S84.

TO BeTeT, the Old PALACE GARDENS,
Weybridge, suitable for Market Gardener and Florist.
Fine walled-in Garden, Meadow Land, &c. ; large Vineries and
quantity of other Glass for forcing purposes. Lease and Stock
at valuation. Apply to

TAYLOR AND KNIGHT. Palace Gardens, Weybndge.

Rhyl, North WaJea.

TO BE LET, ORCHARD, NURSERY,
and MARKET GARDENS, of between 6 and 7 acres,
with Greenhouse, Vinery, and Plant-houses. Established 28 years.
An S-roomed House, with Stable, Outbuildings, &c., on the same
property, can be had if required. Application to he made to
Mr. PETER BROWNE. Plastirion, Rhyl.

Abergavenny Nursery.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the above Old-established NURSERY, consisting of
14 Acres of excellent ground, stocked with Trees and Shrubs, 6
divisions of Greenhouses heated with hot water, a large number
of Pits and Frames, large Packing Shed, good Stable and Cart
Shed, Piggeries, &c., together with an excellent Residence,
and 10 Acres of good Pasture Land joining the nursery. The
above forms one of the most compact and desirable busmess
premises to be met with, and has been carried on by the same
family for nearly 70 years, and is now to Let owing to the
death of the late proprietor and failing health of his successor.
Stock and Fixtures to be taken at a valuation.

For particulars apply to HORACE WOODS, The Gardens,
Maindiff Court, Abergavenny.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the NURSERY GROUNDS, late in the occupation of
William Corp, consisting of 4 Acres of Land, well stocked with
a fine collection of Hybrid Perpetual and Tea-scented Roses,
worked on the seedling and cultivated Brier ; Pot Roses, Sic. ;
2 large Greenhouses, Potting Shed, Stable, &c., situate on
Cowley Marsh, near Oxford, about 5 minutes* walk from the
tramway terminus.

Full particulars may be obtained from Mr W. KIRTLAND,
Chipping Norton, and to view the same apply to GEORGE
STREET, at the Nursery.

To Florists and Others,

TO LET, with Immediate Possession, Two
DWELLING-HOUSES, and Five large PLANT
HOUSES, near Shepherd's Bush. Very low rent.

Apply to GEORGE RICHARDSON, Builder, &c., Great
Church Lane, Hammersmith, near St. Paul's Schools.

'■p MILLINGTON and CO., English

-L • and FoRF.iGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lbad, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

WEBBS'

Perfection Cyclamen.

From Mr. Wm. Richards, Holly

Cottage.

" Out of the packetl of Cyclamen

seeds (thirty in number) you sent me

last year I have raised twenty five

healthy young plants."

li. 6rf. and qs. 6d. per packet.

WEBB & SONS,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

Laing's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen 12^. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

NEW ROSES for 1884.

Cranston's
NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited)

ARE NOW ISSUING THEIR

SPRING CATALOGUE,

Which will be forwarded free on application.

It comprises a Selection of the best

NEW ENGLISH and FRENCH ROSES,
a choice assortment of TEA-SCENTED,
NOISETTE, and other varieties suitable for
Spring Planting, also CLEMATIS, BEDDING
and HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,

suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety.

CATALOGUE of over 1000 SPECIES and VARIETIES
may be had free on application.

Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, the best ever pub-
lished (price IS.), contains copious Hints on Fern Cultivation,
many descriptions and much valuable information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Laing's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/.
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-. T 42/-

Collections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-, H iS/-. J t8/-, K 12/-. L 9/- per doz.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding. M 40/-. N 30'-, O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E.

GRAPE VINES.

THE

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN) Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON.
have this Season a splendid Stock of Giape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catalogues, loilh full particulars, on application.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price List sent free to any address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS. NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant E.trly Marrow, is. pkt., 2j. dd. per oz.

AUan'.s I ncomp.arable Early Marrow, is. bd. pkt.. is. 6d. per oz.

Daniels' Little Queen, superfine early dwarf, i^ 6d. pkt., QS.Od. oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers, Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing.

Daniels' Golden Rocca. fine straw-coloured skin, is. 6d per

packet. 3r. 6d. per cz
Daniels' Giant Rocca. weifiht 3 to 3 lb., if. per oz., lOl. per lb.
Daniels' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and best bilver-

skin Onion known, is. 6d. per packet, 31. 6rf. per cz,
Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, 8rf.

per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS., Seed Merchants, NORWICH.

Laing's
Flower
Seeds.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our choice Strains are unequalled.
Primula, white or red, is. and 2S. 6d. per p.acket.
Begonia, Calceolaria. Cyclamen, 11. Si is. bd. ,,
Gloxinia, Cineraria, Pansy, is.bd. and is. ba. ,,
Mignonette, bd. per oz. ; Sweet Peas, 4rf. per or.
Asters, Stocks, Dahlias. Petunias, 6rf. & 1 J. per pkt
Wallflowers, Zinnias, Mangolds, ^d■v^^ packet.
Seedsmen, Forest HjU, S.E.

July 12, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

35

To BE SOLD, a small Collection of
STOVE PLANTS, comprising Ferns. Dracxnas, Cro-
tons, Palms, Ficus elasticus, Caladiums, and other specimens.
Apply 10 the

GARDENER, 3, Lennard Place, Cavendish Road, St.
John's Wood, N.W.

ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM, splendid
Plants, fit for immediate picking or decorating, large
Exhibition Plants, in 24-pots. 2\s. and 30J. per di/en ; Smaller,
iSi. and 135. per dozen. Cash with oroer from unknown corrc-
pondents.

T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, Dersingham, Norfolk.

OFFERED FOR EARLY ORDERS : —
HELLEBORUS NIGER, fioe strong Plants, 36 florins
per 1000. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP.EUM,
24 florins per 1000 ; Smaller Tubers, 14 florins per 1000. NAR-
CISSUS POETICUS. 14 florms per 1000. LlLlUM MAR-
TAGON, 30 florins per icoo. CYPRIPEDIUM CaLCEO-
LUS, So florins per ICOO. VERATRUM ALBUM, 45 florins
per icoo. Seed of HELLEBORUS NIGER, la florins per
kilogramme. A sample of the most popular and beaiitihU Alpine
Plants, together with packing, and properly addressed, from
CHRISI'OF SLEINPOCK. Alilengbach. Lower Austria.

To the Trade.

NEW TURNIP SEEDS, for present sowing.

HAND F. SHAKPE have now ready the
• following varieties of NEW TURNIP SEEDS
suitable for present Sowing, viz. : —

Fosterion Hybrid Yellow I Selected Green Globe
Green-top Yellow Selected Green Barrel

Purple-top Yellow | Pomeranian While GInbe

Early Fi-^ld Yellow I Mammoth Purple-top White

Yellow Taiikatd I Devonshire Grry Store

Robertson's Golden Ball | White Stone or Stubble

Lincolnshire Red Round.
Seed Growing Estahlishment. Wishech.

WEBBS'
SuperbCalceolaria

Frnm Mr. Hathawav, Gr. to

Capt. J. Beavan.

"The Calceolaria seed was a

magniflcent strain in almost

every shade of colour."

\s. 6d. and 25. 6d. per packet.

WEBR & SONS,

W-^irdsley, Stourbridge.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NDT HERE REFUSE.

4</. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
401. ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ;
5 sacks. 25J. ; sacks, \d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, ss. per sack. 5 sacks ajf. ; sacks,
4</. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. gd. per bushel; 15J. per halt
ton, ^&s. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags. 4</. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, rj. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. 6d. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOl'H, RUSSIA MATS. &c. WritelorFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, anti it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, -witk full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN). Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the.
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepared to make special offers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in truckloads. Terms on application. In
sample bags, xs. 6d. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
ts. per bag ; twenty bags for 5J. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, 4i. per bag ; five bags for i-js. td.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and nne), LEAF MOULD, COCOA FIBRE, MATS,
RAFFIA. CORK. GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS.
LABELS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, ■i.d. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 35J. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is.dd. per bushel ; izi. td. per J^ ton ;
22,1. per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, is. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is. 6d. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, js. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered — a very powerful
Fertiliser. 13J. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, iZs. per cwt, ; 561b.,
tis.\ 7 lb , 25. 6d. All bags ^. each.

Terms, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Station Road, Elephant and Castle. S.£.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 25^., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great E.istern, London
and Nonh-Western, and Midland, other lines 30.T., in s.ncks is.;
30 sacks £1 ^s. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige, — J, STEVENS and CO., " Greyhound "
Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. Established 1872.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied lo the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. ^d. per
sack : 10 for 12s., 15 for lys , 30 for 30^. : all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 53J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 4J. 6d. per sack ; 5 for
20s. : sacks 4d. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is. 6d. per bushel,
35s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemic.il MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, ts. per sack. Garden Slicks and Labels. Russia
^Iats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth.
Sd. per lb. : Specialile Paper, imported solely by us, io(i'. per
lb., 2Slb. ms. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hoh Exchange
Warhhohshs, Southwark Street, London, S.E., /ai£
ig. New Broad Street, E.G.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

IniBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, ^\:c.—
' BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
StoyePIants,&c.,^66j.per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT,
for Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths. American Plant Beds, 155.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags, 22^. 6d. ; 10 Bags,
45J. B.igs included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loi. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fme. 521. per Truck of 4. tons.
WALKER AND CO., Fatnborough Station, Hants.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly Aplils, Green and Black Fly, Lice,

Red Spider, Tbrips, Mealy-Bng, Caterpillars,

Ants, Worms, &;c.

SOLUBLE \

IN WATER/

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that

Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, I'sic.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Birds. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., 2s. 6d., and 45. 6d. 3 bottle.
Per gal. i2J. 6d., or less in larger quantities. Per post ^d. extra.
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Wholesale:— HOOPERS: CO.: CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN and CO ; and frum all the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.
New York: -ROLKER and SONS.

BEESON'S

MANURE.

This is the Manure now used by the leading Nurserymen
and Rose Growers. Price, 12S. per CWt., carriage paid for
Cash. In Sealed Bags, thoroughly air-tight. Also in is. Tins ;
per Parcels Post, is.6d. It will keep for any length of time, and
is the best Manure for all purposes iri the Flower, Fruit, or
Kitchen Garden. References, Directions for Use, &c., on
application to

W.H.Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffieidi

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeuers since 1859 against Ked Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, ij-., 3s., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at 8d. and gd. per lb., 2S lb. iSs. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73. Rendlesham Road, Clapton. E.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains. Rib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36^. per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, los. ;
56 lb, kegs, iqs. each ; sample tins, 5^.. zs. 6d. and 1.1.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row. Leeds.

IRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, Carlton Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal,

First Arrival of New Archangel Mats this Season-

J BLACKBURN and SONS are prepared
• to Sell now at lowest prices. Particulars on application
at 4 and s, Wormwood Street, E.G.

SUPERIOR VARNISH,

BLACK, RED, GREEN and CHOCOLATE.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or other unskilled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks equally as well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourth the cost.

PRICES : -BLACK, is. 6d. ; RED and
CHOCOLATE, 2s. 2d. : and GREEN,
2S ()d. per gallon ; in casks, containing not
less than 9 gallons, delivered free at most

, , , railway stations. Casks extra, but two-

iRWr^M' ' thirds .^llowcd if returned carriage paid to
^ril,.'., our works in good condition. BRUSHES for
l;:'i'.'>- coating Ironwork, Wood, or Stone, is. each.
CATALOGUES of nil kinds of Iron and Wire Fencing^
Gates, i^c.^ Jrec on application.

BAYLISS, JONES & BATLISS,

VICTORIAWORKS,WOLVERHAMPTON; and 3. Crooked
Lane, King William St., ^.Q..— Please name this paper.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i%d.. and 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and ^hiiding (.ireei. houses, from -2] 2d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, RafBa Flhre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

GARDEN NETTING.

S. A. SANDS,

(Successor to J. W. Haythorn,)

MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND
CHISWICK GARDEN NETS.

Warranted to Protect B/oom from Frost, Winds,
Hail, ^c. ; and Fruit from Birds, Wasps, 6'c.

Pattern and Prices Free per Post.

Address, S. A. SANDS,

20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM.

TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-

J- houses, Protecting Seed-beds, &c., ico yards (25 inches
wide) for loi., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for
ics,, delivered free per Parcels Post. This is a perfectly pure
Cotton Muslin, very useful for Curtains, Blinds, Draperies.
Cream Colour. Postal Order to be sent with each order.
Send stamped envelope for Pattern.

J. KaY and SONS. Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.

NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, 2d. per yard, or 100 yards, i6i, ; 4 yards wide, i,d. per
yard, or 30 yards, i6j. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes, or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, kd. per yard ; 4 yards wide, is. per yard ; >':i-inch mesh.
4 yards wide, is. Cd. per yard. TIFFANY, 5s. and 6^. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
(Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipleQ
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at 15. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicitkd Testimonial.

" Pierce field Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."

CAUTION. — Hii.\^ & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kmgdom for upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE o*" Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
i Street, Glasgow.

36

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 1884.

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15,003 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.

Is extensively used for al! kind* of

OUTDOOR WOBK, CONSEKVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR

I Cmt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C A R S O N S,

LA liELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUF, BELFAST

Discount for Cas/i.

/"lARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,

VJ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic

Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Pricf^s of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Tnaiups Si , London, E.C.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IlMPEKISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

J.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm befure all ot^ler plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Koyal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon,

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Button Street, Liverpool

BoBher'B Garden Edging Tiles.

B

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
hour no Slugs or Insects,
tak(.- up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, ' -

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently beiug much cheaper,
GARDEN VAStS, FOUNTAINS. &c., m Artificial Stone,
very durable acd of superior finish, and in great variety of debign.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Sireet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kiagsland koad, E

Agents fnr LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; a(>o
for FOXLEYb PAIENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAvTnG TILES,
fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c ,
from 3^ per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain ur
mo'-e elaborate Designs, wiih Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Linmg Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c, Giooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Rnofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addre>ises above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS lor Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO, -Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES. &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities ol

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 30 in. by
ta in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., ao in. by 18 in , in i6-oz.
and 31-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cuttiog-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and -^oo-ft. cases.

TEN SILVER

AWARDED

MEDALS

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,

^r Weston-super-Mark. Manufacturer of lERRA-
COTTA VASES. FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN CASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior qualiiy
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; OKCHID. FERN, SKED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS. &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6^. Book of Designs. li.

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER.

PATENT.

The old system of tying completely done away with. Great
economy of labour and time. Will bear the weight of the
heaviest crop of Grants grown under glass. Can be fixed during
the growth of ihe Vine. Sold in Boxes, containing 6 dozen
each, price 6j. dd. Orders received by

Jdr. J. W. DART, St. Aubln'a, Jersey.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES,
THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

which are now ripening Large Crops of Friat.

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 3.50 for the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBBIDGEWQBTH, HERTS.

FRIDAY NEXT.

CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZI SANDERIANA.
CATTLEYA (Ly€LiA) VELUTINA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received
instructions from Mr. F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 18, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a grand lot of CATTLEYA SANDERIANA in superb health, also the finest importa-
tion of CATTLEYA VELUTINA ever offered— this is one of the rarest and finest Orchids ;
together with many other ORCHIDS of value, including three masses of an extraordinary looking

L.«LIA.

On view tnortiing of Sale, and Catalogues had.

FAAVKES' UNIVERSAL RANGE.

THE CHEAPEST BANGE MANUFACTURED.

May be composed of 2 Vineries and a Plant House ; or Peach House, Vinery, and Stove ; or
Melon House, Vinery, and Greenhouse ; or Stove, Greenhouse, and \'inery ; or as various other
combinations. Detailed Prices and particulars post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS

AND HEATING
ENGINEERS.

VINERIES

Erected in correct style by

competent men.

CONSERVATORIES.

GREENHOUSES
For all parts of the World of
class materials.

GARDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VABULTT in Stock or Made to Order.

No. 74 Three quarter
Span-roof Garden
Frame.

Cash Prices.

Carriagh

Paid.

. ;£4 IS o

6 10 o

These Frames are it inches deep in front, aa inches deep at
back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turn over.
Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of
best oil colour, the lights glaicd with best ai-02. English glas*.

Gtneral CA T A LOG UE post-fret , twenty-fcui

No. 76. Melon or Cucumber Frames,
Cash Pkiche, Cakhiagk Paid.
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 leet wide .. £,7^ 7 6
No. 3 .. 13 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 4 17 6
No. 4 .. 16 leet long .. 6 feet wide .. 0 7 6
ThcJ-e Frames are 13 inches d»?ep in fmnt, and 34 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron har and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
coloui, the lights glared with 2i-oz. English glass.
fenny starnfii. F.stimalei and Liiis />oslJrec.

JOLY 12, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..

37

RCHIDS.— Perfectly marvellous.

ORCHID EXHIBITION-
Perfectly lovely.

ORCHID E X H I B I T I O N.— Surpassing
itnaginAtion,

ORCHID E.XHIBITION. — One of the
sichts of Lfindoo.

/^RCHIDS.— Must be seen to be realised.

O
O
O
O

O

O
O

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION is worth

goiDg any distance to see.

RCHIDS.— But few have any idea such

marvellous flowers are in existence.

RCHIDS. — Specimens in Flower trom

Mexico, Colombia, Japan, Madagascar, Peiu, Borneo,
and various pans of the East Indies.

RCHIDS.— Private View every TUESDAY,

THURSDAY, and SATURD.W, of Mr. WILLIAM
BULL'S EXHIBITION of ORCHIDS to those who
have received invitations.

RCHIDS.— OPEN to the PUBLIC every

MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY. 10 to 5
o'clock. Admission each day. is.dd. : Season Tickets, los.

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION at Mr.

WILLIAM BULL'S is quite astonishing and en-
chanting ; many beautiful kinds new to Science and this
country in blossom. The Exhibition is not only unparalleled
in connection with Horticulture and Botanical Science,
but one of the most beautiful sights in London. —
Establi>hment for New and Rare Plants. 536, King's
Road, Chelsea. London. S. W,

To the Traae.

HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer ;—
BOUVARDIAS, white. i2j. per dozen.
CORYPHA AUSTR.VLIS. good, \is to 181. per doieo.
DRAC/ENAS. in variety, fine plants, 18^. to 30.1. per dozen.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA. 501., 751., and looi. per ico.
EUCHARIS SANDERIANA, 751. and locj. per 100.
FERNS, in variety, 4S-P01S, 75J. per 100.

HYDRANGEA cyanoclada, otaksa, Thomas Hogg, gj perdoz
HYDRANGEA paniculata grandiflora, in flower, i8j. per dozen.
U^TANIA BORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plams, 150J.

to 200J. per 100.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.^. small growing plants,

ioas per 100.
OD0NT0GL05SUM PESCATOREI, small growing plants,

looj. p=r 100.
PALMS, in vaiiety. 31.. 6f.. 91.. \is., iSj., and 30J. per dozen.
PELARGONIUMS, Zonal, in flower, in 48-potb, 305. per 100.
PELARGONIUMS, in flower, 6oj., 75^-. a"d 1001. per 102.
ROSE, Mar^chil Niel, extra fine, 8 to 9 feet, 30J per dozen ;

smaller, 121. and 185 per dozen. [per dozen.

RO'E, Gloire de Dijon, extra size, y^s. per dozen : strong, i8j.
KOSl£, Niphetos. isr. per dozen; e.vlra size, with buds, iSi.

and 34£. per dozen.

Clapton Nursery. London, E.

Sow Now for Early Flowering In Spring.

ROEMER'S Superb Prize PANSY b£ED.
S^ The best Pansy Seed in the World. *!££
FANCY VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, loJ. per ounce, 6<f, per packet.
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, 5^. per ounce, td. per packet.
FANCY and SHOW VARIETIES, fioe, mixed, 31. per ounce.

7,4. per packet.
ASSORTMENT of 18 splendid distinct varieties, containing

each I packet, ■>,s.
CAREFULLY SAVED only from named Exhibition Flowers.

of all varieties, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, 2J.

per 1000 seeds, td. per packet.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED SHOW VARIETIES, new and

distinct, flowers up to 4, inches in diameter, 6x. per 1000

seeds, is. 6d. per packet.
My Pansy gained the First Prize at the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884.
For separate sons see CATALOGUE, forwarded post-free on
application.

FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg. Germany.

HLANE AND SON respectfully invite their
• Patrons and Friends to visit their Nurseries during
ihe present month to view their fine Collection of ROSES, now
in full bloom. Purchasers can select from many thousands.
Standards, 13^. to 185. per dozen ; Dwarfs, gj, to laj per dozen,
A choice and immense stock of RHODODENDRONS,
CONIFERS, TREES and SHRUBS. FRUIT TREEb
of all descriptions, extensive ORCHARDS in full bearing,
VINERIES of all the leading kinds of Grapes, &c
The Nurseries, Berkhamsled, Herts.

AUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,

Cheshunt, N..

respectfully announce as now ready for sending out :—

ROSEb IN POTS, for planting out or culture in pots, from a

stock of 30,00c.
NEW ENGLISH ROSE, H.P, Grandeur of Cheshunt (Paul

& Son), 3J, 6d. each.
NEW FRENCH ROSES of 18S4, 3s. td. each.
HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWER?:, such as Dahtiap, Chry-
santbemums. Carnations, Pyrethrum, Pansy, Violas, &c..
Hardy Herbaceous Plants, and Rock Plants, at the New
Herbaceous Piant Nursery at Broxboume.
Notes. — The ROCKWORK at Broxbourne. adjoining
Station of Great Eastern Railway, is now most interesting.
The ROSES at Cheshunt are now in bloom.

Descriptive CATALOGUE^ post-free on application.
PAUL AND SON, The '■ Old " Nurseries. Cheshunt, N..
Great Eastern Railway

HEAP. — 20,000 ALTERNANTHERAS,

Echeverias, Ingrami Lobelias, Coleus Verschaffelti,
Iresines (Prince Albert, Lindeni and Herb^tii), Centaureas,
Lantaoas, Sedum carneum, Tropseolums Vesuvius and elegans,
Cupheas, Libonias (two kinds). Marguerites, Tradescantias,
Fvichsias, Solanums, Ricinus. and Acacias in several varieties.
Offers per dozen, or ico. &c. , to

R. A. SMITH, Head Gardener. Catton, Norwich.
The Alternant heras are amasna spectabilis, Coscilis amoena
(new), latifoUa superba (new), latifolia major (new, superb),
latjfolia rosea (new), aurea, versicolor grandis.

I WEBBS'
I New Primulas,

^ Purity .. .. Per packet is 6J.

1 -^osy Morn .. .. . . 3s. td.

■ Sc.Trlet Emperor .. .. SJ. 6a.

Exquisite (mixed) .. .. is. (id.

I 'I he finest strains io cultivation.

The Queen's SeedBmen,
I Wordsley, Stourbridge.

To tlie Trade.
NEW CABBAGE SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE are now offering their
• fine selected stocks of CABBAGE SEEDi>, which
comprise the following varieties, viz. : —

Early Emperor
Early Suijatloaf
Early Oxheart

Early Dwarf York
Early Large York
Daniels' Defiance
Early Nonpareil
Early Rainham
Early Enfield Market
Manchester Market
Early Battersea

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech

Robinson's Champion Drum-
head
Shaw's Dwarf Drumhead
Flat Dutch

CYCLAMENS. — Lamb's grand unrivalled
Strain, fit to pot or bloom next winter, twelve for 15. 6a'.,
twenty-four for 2^. 6d — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Belper,

CINERARIAS. — Bull's noted Prize Strain
are unrivalled for quality and variety. Twelve good
plants for is. -zd.. twenty-four (or -zs. id. — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Fiorisl. Prospect House, Belper.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS!— BuU'ssplendid
Premier Prize Strain, the best strain in cultivation, and
geatest variety of colour— good plants. Twelve for i^. 31/. ,
t venty-four for 15, ^d, — all free.

b. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

C A B B A G K

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SUTTON'S
IMPERIAL.

Is. per oz,
post-ftee.

" Sutton's Imperial is the finest Cabbage I ever grew : it
is not only the handsomest, but the best flavoured Cabbage
I have ever eaten."— Mr. A. S. Campbell, Ware.

Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all
poods value las. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England or Wales, •

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE AND SON, NURSERYMEN,
• Seedsmen, and Florists. Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) of Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberou'i- rooted Plants for
1S84 and 1885, is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. The
Catalcgue, ahhoueh giving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 paees 8vo, in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. The
collections of every description of the esiabhshment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,
B. S. WILLIAMS

Takes the opportunity of announcing that he has received
his annual consignments of the above Bulbs, -wJiKk are
invaluable /or early Jorcing, and solicits Early Orders,
which will have prompt and immediate attention.

The Buibs are un exceptionally fine this year.

VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

WEBBS'
Superb CINERARIA,

From Mr. W. Dell. Gr. to the Earl
of Dartmouth,
" The Cinerarias were really splen-
did : some of the flowers measured
2 inches across— of the richest colours,"
IS. td. and 3J. (>d. per packet.
W£BB & SONS,
Wordsley, Stourbridge.

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1884.

NOTES FROM CHISWICK.

A LOOK in at Chiswick Gardens after the
tremendous washing rainfall of Sunday
last showed everything looking exceedingly
refreshed, though in many cases much be-
spattered with soil, the which some gentle
showers would do much to cleanse off. That
every portion of the grounds was so neat and
well kept, especially under the disadvantages
of the demand upon labour in watering for so
long a period, speaks well for the industry of
Mr. Barron's staff, which, by-the-bye, for the
amount of work to be done, is none too large.
It was an interesting sight looking into the
huge lofty vinery to see nine young men seated
or standing in the most uncomfortable of posi-
tions on the high arch iron ladder which travels
to-and-fro the entire length of the building,
busily engaged thinning Grapes. Work of this
kind day after day in excessive heat, and for
some fourteen hours per day, requires patience
and endurance, especially as the position in
which the body is placed is very provocative of
exhaustion. A picture of the great vinery at
any time will not, in our minds, be complete
unless it includes the incident of these men
busily engaged in the arduous labour of mani-
pulating the thousands of bunches with which
the vast expanse of roof and Vine is studded.

We were pleased to note that the Begonias
this year bid fair to make a grand display.
Not only are the kinds grown at Chiswick
eminently decorative, but the plants are large,
almost luxuriant of growth, and full of promise.
Very many of the kinds grown are Chiswick-
raised seedlings, and thus have in the gardens
special local interest. Certainly the ease with
which such beautiful new kinds can be raised
seems to demonstrate freely enough that a
packet of seed will reproduce almost the best of
named varieties. A large lean-to house now
filled with strong Tomato plants in pots will
presently have special interest, for these fruits,
when the plants are well grown, are not only
decoratively striking, but are valuable for their
usefulness. Already one kind, a selection or
seedling sport in the gardens from Trophy, and
named Chiswick Red, is carrying an abundance
of ripe fruit. The plants, indeed, are literally
laden with the clusters. The fruits are of Acme
shape— that is to say, are Plum shaped, and of
a rich red hue. The kind seems to be not only
very early, but wondrously prolific. Away in
the eastern portions of the gardens there is now
being carried out a large trial of Cauliflowers and
Broccolis. Of the former the names are legion,
let us hope that eventually the kinds may be
counted on the fingers. The earliest kinds have
suffered from the heat and drought, and will
hardly give satisfactory results, but the late or
autumn flowering kinds will evidently do well.
Certainly the recent downfall of water has come
in good time for the plants.

Near these is also a trial of Lettuces, chiefly
of Cabbage kinds, inclusive of many of the
fringed or curled sorts. These, however, seem
less favoured with us than are the smooth

38

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 1884.

leaved, solid hearting forms, probably because
our tastes in salads differ so much from those
of our Continental neighbours. The Lettuces
need a week or two longer to enable them to
exhibit their respective qualities in full maturity.
Peas have not proved satisfactory this year,
and in scarcely any case will exhibit true form.
Chiswickhasnowbecome so surrounded with tall
houses, trees, and walls, that in hot weather the
air of the gardens becomes, as it were, super-
heated ; whilst the soil, though e.xcellent in
quality, is very porous and close upon gravel,
hence garden products often suffer here in an
unusual degree in dry seasons. Peas always
show the effects of great heat and drought
quickly, hence the crop of pods this year is not
so good as usual. On the other hand, Potatos,
always one of the most important of trial vege-
tables in the gardens, look for the season re-
markably well, and probably will give fairly
satisfactory results. There are in one spot a
large number of new kinds with some old ones
for the delectation of the Fruit Committee, but
we regret to notice so many kinds simply called
seedlings and unnamed. Surely the raisers can
help the committee by selecting the very best
of their sorts and naming them rather than
leave the committee to perform for them their
invidious task.

In another piece of ground a less number of
new kinds are being grown for the Seedling
Committee of the International Potato Exhibi-
tion, and judging by the appearance of some of
the earlier sorts it is nearly time they were over-
hauled. Close by these are the rows planted
for the Scientific Committee : the kinds are
Recorder, which is rather early, and has a short
spreading top ; and Adirondack, late, tall, and, as
a rule, rather indisposed to disease. Portions
of these rows are already protectively earthed,
and other portions remain as planted, whilst
others are earthed on the customary plan.
Certain rows, too, are from cut sets and others
from the uncut sets, the advantage evidently
being in favour of the latter, though by no
means so much so as a week or two ago.

not crowded, to be seen on the outer basilar margin
of the lateral sepals. There is a reddish eye-spot on
each side of the base of the tube as in M. Davisii,
and there are now and then a few short reddish dark
lines there in M. Veitchiana. The outside colours
are much less brilliant, reddish-orange, upper sepal
darker. Petals as in M. Davisii, lip as in M. Davisii,
pandurate, blunt. Column as in M. Veitchiana.

Messrs. Veitch wished it named in honour of Mr.
John Gair, The Kilns, Falkirk, an enthusiastic
Orchid grower, famous for his grand BoUeas and
Pescatoreas, who from very large experience under-
stands very well to make Masdevallias popular. H. G.
Rckh. f.

HOULLETIA ODOEATISSIMA (Lindl.) XANTHINA,
«. var.

A fine Orchid, with a raceme of flowers equalling
those of Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, but fine orange-
yellow. Lip sulphur and white, with falcate horns, a
stipitate clavate callus, foveate at the top, and an
anterior triangular process growing out in a round
wart, incumbent on the epichile, which is a little
broader than that of the original H. odcratissinia.
A multitude of specimens at hand teach me the
variability of that organ. The lip is not in a very
good state. I guess it is white with basilar sulphur-
coloured shanks. The sepals and petals remind me
of those of Acineta densa, Lindl. Both peduncle
and stalked ovaries are of a remarkably gay green
(nearly so-called Schweinfurth green). I had a fine
inflorescence from Baron Hruby, Peckau, Kolin,
Bohemia, grown by Herr Skopec. It had originally
been sent by Mr. F. Sander. H. G. Kchl). f.

LiPARIS DECURSIVA, M. Sp*

A thick bulbed species, with remarkably decurrent
base of leaf on bulb, not in a winged, but yet in a
distinctly marked blunt line. Leaves cuneate oblong,
probably acute. Peduncle with narrow wings and a
lax raceme, with ten flowers in the specimen at hand.
Bracts lanceolate acuminate, surpassing the stalked
ovaries with winged ribs. Sepals lanceolate. Tepals
hnear. Lip with a channelled short unguis and a
great hastate transverse blade, emarginate, with a
small apiculus inf ront, denticulate excepting at the
posterior side. On the nail is a tumour emarginate
in front. Column curved, with a small angle at each
side of the fovea. Flowers green, much darker on each
side of the whitish mid-line of lip. I had this from
my excellent correspondent, Curator Moore, Glasnevin
Botanic Garden, who states its East Indian origin.
H. G. &/it>. f.

EPIDENDRUM CHRISTYANUM. n. sp*
If you saw nothing but thegreeenish and brown
flowers (not the racemose erect inflorescence), you
might think they belonged to Epidendrum glaucum,
Lindl. This new species has, however, long pyriform
diphyllous pseudobulb, and an erect racemose in-
florescence of flowers surpassing those of Epidendrum
glaucum. It is a great botanical curiosity, imported
from Bolivia by Mr. T. Christy, F.L.S., to whom it is
dedicated as an acknowledgment ot his endeavours to
enrich our knowledge of plants. H. G. Rchh. f.

Masdevallia Gairiana, k. hyb. art.
(Veitchiana X Davisii).

A new Veitchian surprise, no doubt of Sedenian
origin. The foliage is intermediate in habit between
that of the two parents. The longest leaf is 4 inches
long by J inch wide, and is not so upright as in
Masdevallia Davisii, but more drooping in the way of
Masdevallia Veitchiana.

The flower is highly curious ; the free part of the
odd sepal as in M. Veitchiana, the lateral sepals
are very shortly acuminate as in M. Davisii, but not
so abruptly pointed. Ground colour reddish-orange,
but the odd sepal, excluding the narrow tail, is
wholly covered with mauve warts, such watts are,

• EHdmdrum ChrUlyamim. n. sp. — Affine Epidendro
elauco Lindl : bene prumosum ; pseudobulbo pynforrai bene
attenuito diphyllo agcregato ; lol.is hgulalis acutis, "Cf mo
erecto- sepalis oblongis apiculaus ; tepalls spalulatis : labello
sublibe'ro trifido ante unguera, lacinus lateralibus siibquadratis,
extroisis lacinia mediana Iriangula apiculata ; callo depresso
subauadrato inter lacinias laterales in lacmiam mediam Imea
nata excurrente ; columna trifida, lacings lateralibus sulcat.s ;
laciiiia mediana retusa denticulata. Ex Bolivia imp. d. 1.
Christy. H. G. Rcltb. f.

ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS OF

SEAWEED.

Seaweed as Food. — In this country little advance
has been made in the use of the Algce as food. The
Alga2 generally contain important nitrogenous con-
stituents, and form nutritious articles of diet, but they
have not been popular. We are equally guilty, how-
ever, in rejecting the majority of the fungi, so largely
consumed as an important article of food on the Con-
tinent. The Alga: are closely allied to these, but
have the advantage of containing, as far as is known,
no poisonous species. The Alga; also contain a large
proportion of salts, which, however, are easily
removed if desirable.

Ulva latissima, or green laver, and Porphyra laci-
niata, or pink laver, are occasionally used in soups.
Rhodomenia palmata, or dulse, is still sold in the
streets of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Alaria esculenta,
or murlins, is also eaten in Ireland ; some others are
occasionally used, but, as a general food, the Algse
are almost unknown. The sweetest species is the
Laminaria saccharina, which is usually covered, when
dry, with an efllorescence of mannite ; a large quantity
of this plant yielded me 7.47 per cent, of mannite.
It appears to be a product of fermentation, and does
not exist in the fresh plant. This plant is found only
on sandy or gravelly shores.

* Liparis (J^oriifolicr) decicrsiva, n. sp. — Pseudobulbo
tumido subpyriformi utrinque obtusissime angulato diphyllo ;
foliis cuneato oblongis chartaceis ; pedunculo angusle ancipiti
alato racemoso ; bracteis lanceis acuniinatis caruialis ovaria
pcdicellata saltern inferiora superantibus ; sepalis triangulo
Iigulatis : tepalls linearibus ; labello unguiculato ungue brevi
canalicnlalo cum tumore antice cmarginato, lamina abrupte
hastata celerum subrotunda transverse, antice emarginata
cum denticulo, antice et laleribus serrulata ; columna incurva ;
basin versus ampliata, juxta foveam utrinque angulata. Ex
India Orientali. (Dimensiones Liparidis loliosse, Lindl., sed
folia plus duplo latiora et probabiliter breviora.) H, G. Rclib,/.

The best known British species of the edible Alg.-e
is the Chondrus crispus, or Irish Moss. This grows
far down on the rocks, and is only uncovered at low
spring tides. It is obtained mostly from the wist
coast of Ireland, and after being bleached by exposure
to sun and rain is largely exported to this country
and to Germany. It is a gelatinous species, contain-
ing a principle known as carragheenin ; it yielded me
63.7 per cent, of this substance.

The only other gelatinous British species is the
Gelidium corneum ; this is not very common, but it
furnishes the import known as Japanese isinglass, of
which it contains 50 per cent. This substance, known
also as gelose, was first imported into France from
China in 1S56 ; it has great gelatinising power, much
higher than any other material. It is not nitrogenous.
Gelose has eight times the gelatinising power of
isinglass and gelatine ; but the melting-point of the
jelly is too high to melt quickly in the mouth, hence
gelatine is still the favourite.

The carragheeenin has evidently become altered by
evaporation. Gelose jelly keeps well, the others soon
get mouldy. Although not fit for jelly, gelose may
be valuable in the arts as a substitute for gelatine,
which it so much exceeds in gelatinising power. I
would specially suggest its use as a substitute for
gelatine in the production of instantaneous photo-
graphs.

The Euchemia spinosa, or agar-agar, is an Austra-
lian Alga, and another important gelatinous species.
The Algas form a large article of food consumption in
China and Japan. Some years ago I procured some
of these samples ; one was a dark green frond, and
the other two were cut up from it, about the size of
vermicelli.

The taste for marine vegetables must be acquired,
but those who have eaten them often are said to be-
come very fond of them ; and I have known some
gentlemen in the Highlands, no mean judges of diet,
who consider a dish of dulse, boiled in milk, the best
of all vegetables. There is no doubt that a valuable
food is lost in entirely neglecting the Algte ; but I
shall show presently how much of this may be
recovered in an available form.

Seaweed as Manure. — This appears to me
to be one of the worst applications of seawed.
Farmers are beginning to find out that it seldom con-
tains less than So per cent, of water, often more, and
that for the actual manurial value in it it may be very
expensive if a long cartage is required. F"our tons of
water, at least, must be carted for every ton of dry
manure, and when dried there is much additional
expense, and it is very bulky. The dry weed con-
tains an average of 2 per cent, of nitrogen, so
that, as it is used, it contains less than half per
cent. The chemical value is very little, except
from the potash contained ; but the mechanical
value may be greater, as in covering root crops
as a protection from frost, or where the soil is simply
sand, and it binds it together. However, the cartage
of water, and the manufacture of soil, are expensive
amusements, and seaweed is not much used where
there is high farming. It appears also, where con-
tinually used alone, to impoverish the soil ; it is like
feeding a dog on butter. The residue of seaweed
ash, or kelp waste — i ton of which is equal to 40 tons
of wet seaweed, and contains all the phosphates — is
quite unsaleable for manure in this country. It may
be remarked, too, that in the wet climates of the
West of Ireland and of Scotland, where it is mostly
used, the application of water is quite a superfluous
operation for the farmer.

Another application of seaweed, which I mentioned
before, was the manufacture of paper. As far as I
know, this has only been carried out in France, on
one plant, the Zostera marina, or Grass-wrack, a
material largely used in this country for stuffing
mattresses, and for packing light furniture. Some
curious specimens of this plant, rolled up in little
balls of fibre, were shown at the meeting, as thrown
up by the sea at Majorca and Minorca ; and soon
after it created a good deal of attention, having
been proposed as a substitute for cotton ; it contains
little fibre, however. It grows in enormous fields, on
sand-banks, and is widely distributed, and is to be
found in almost every ocean. It is a pure marine
plant, with flowers, having nothing in common with
the Algx- except the habitat. It is often found on
the shore perfectly bleached. All the Algce are
cellular, and contain no fibre, but properly treated
they make a tough transparent paper. Edward C. C,
Stanford, F.C.S,, in " JournaloftheSocUty of Arts,''

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

39

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY

EXHIBITION.

British Guiana. ^Opposite the Indian exhibits,
on the north side of the middle transept, will be found
a representative and most interesting collection of
woods and other forest produce from British Guiana.
It would seem almost incredible were we to enumerate
the many valuable trees procurable from these
primaeval forests. The rivers being tidal for a con-
siderable distance inland, alTord special facilities for
the rafting of timber from the inland stalions to
Georgetown, and various other ports to which ships
resort. The principal tree of these forests is the
Mora giganlea — until lately well known to our ship-
builders, but since the extended use of iron now
almost discarded — the wood of which is not unlike
Teak, hard and tough. Another valuable timber is
the Greenheart, which from its great specific gravity
and immunity from the attacks of sea-worms, is exten-
sively used in the construction of docks, and for
marine purposes generally. Over loo specimens of
trees abounding in the colony are shown, both in a
rough and finished state, all of which are well worth
inspection by those interested in such matters. Not
less interesting than the above is a collection of the
parasites and fungi which grow upon these trees.
The bush-rope, an extraordinary tree parasite, first
makes its appearance at the top of the tree, where the
seed had been deposited by birds, and growing
downwards frequently strangles the tree in its
deadly embrace. The huge and extraordinary fungi
here submitted for view — some having the appearance
of metal, others of stone or leather — are simply
astonishing, and would, to those interested in this
way, be a study alone. Specimens of raw fibre and
ropes manufactured therefrom are shown as illustra-
tive of the fibre-bearing plants, in which the colony
appears to be exceedingly rich. The material is, to
all appearance, of excellent quality, and the threads
of fibre of great length. Many notable examples of
Indian art industry are also to be seen, such as the
buck-pot formed out of a peculiar clay entirely by the
hand, in which all their food is cooked ; the " shake-
shake," or rattle, of the Pei-man, or village wizard,
and children's rattles made of Gourds.

Manitoba Farm. — Now that the Manitoba farm,
in the open-air portion of the Exhibition, has been
thoroughly equipped, a good idea is given to visitors
of the mode of life followed by the emigrant farmer in
the great Canadian North-West. Inside the entrance-
gate of the steading a tent is erected, in which the
new settler is supposed to live during the time his
first dwelling-house, in these parts, is in course of
erection. This tent is usually made of canvas, with a
camp-fire in front, and contains such articles as may
be of immediate use, including the settler's box, bed-
ding, and cooking utensils. The permanent house
shown on the farm contains two apartments, and is
furnished in the style usually adopted by new settlers.
The space between the joints of the house are filled
in with a mixture of clay and chopped hay, over
which is tacked a heavy kind of paper instead of lath
and plaster. Adjoining this primitive but comfort-
able dwelling is a representation of a log stable, the
mangers of which are filled with hay from Manitoba
prairies. A cattle shed is also shown, in which are
displayed various samples of timber from Manitoba.
Examples of the various modes of fencing adopted on
the prairies are also on view, as well as pails, tubs,
and washboards. A cart made entirely of wood, and
which, from its well worn appearance, had seen better
days, stands near the house, and shows what from
time immemorial has been used for freighting over
the vast prairies, while alongside this is placed a
modern Canadian waggon and a heavy "bob" sleigh,
whose fittings are so arranged, that the box on the
waggon can be transferred to the sleigh in winter.
The exhibit, which is made by the Canadian Pacific
Railway Company, is very neatly arranged, and
seems, from the number of people constantly in its
vicinity, to attract a fair share of public attention.

Scottish Arboricultural Society. — In the
transept immediately opposite that appropriated to the
royal forests is a display of much practical value, con-
tributed by the Scottish Arboricultural Society and
about fifty of its members. The Society as a body
contributes sections of wood in design and otherwise,
including over forty Canadian sections, a collection of
cones, and various meteorological instruments. Neat

models of a bridge over the River Almond, and a
heather house, are exhibited by the Earl of Mans-
field's forester. From the same place comes a Silver
Fir railway sleeper, which was laid along with
sleepers of Baltic Pine on the Caledonian Railway in
1S77, and when lifted last month was found perfectly
sound, while many of the Baltic sleepers had been
worn out a year ago. From Morton Hall has been
sent an elegant library table, showing a beautiful com-
bination of 117 diflerent varieties of wood. Wood
sections and a collection of forest leaves showing the
autumnal tints have been sent from Dalkeith Park.
The model of a river embankment, showing two differ-
ent methods of preventing erosion, rustic bridge,
stool, and table, all of superior workmanship, are
kindly lent by the forester at Rothes Castle. Viscount
Strathallan's forester contributes sections of Cedars of
Lebanon, Abies Douglasii, and Abies Pinsapo ; a
piece of Holly tree which had at one time been used
as a target, and still shows an arrow-head, as well as
a self-shutting iron wicket-gate of neat design. From
the Luss estate has been forwarded a fine example of
the Silver Fir, while the Baroness Willoughby
d'Eresby exhibits a section of the same tree, and of
Cedrus atlantica grown at Drummond Castle. Other
exhibits come from the Duke of Argyll, the Duke of
Sutherland, Penrhyn Castle, Gordon Castle, Skibo
Castle, and Baron's Court, Ireland.

The Commissioners of Woods and Forests.
— The Government, by sending the extensive and
valuable collection enumerated below, have certainly
shown a great desire to further the interests of
forestry. The extent of woodland under the direct
management of this public department is about
53,000 acres, and is distributed as follows : — Dean
Forest and High Meadow Woods, Gloucestershire,
about 19,500; New Forest, Hampshire, 18,750;
Windsor, Berkshire, 10,000 ; Parkhurst, Isle uf
Wight, 1 152 ; Bere Woods, Hampshire, 1434 ;
Alice Holt, Hampshire, 1887 ; Woolmer, Hamp-
shire, S70 acres. From these various woodlands
a selection of the different varieties of timber
grown has been forwarded to the Exhibition, as
well as numerous sections of wood, grown in
different soils at altitudes ranging from 190 to 720 feet
above sea level, and varying from 25 to 22S years of
age. A most interesting chart or record of the com-
parative growth in Dean Forest of Oaks transplanted
as well as not transplanted, since 1809, has been
prepared at considerable trouble, and forwarded for
perusal by those interested in such matters. Examples
of the injurious results of leaving dead wood to en-
cumber a tree, the effects of blight or canker, and
the devastation caused by various insects, are clearly
set forth, and will, no doubt, be the means of in-
creased attention being devoted to these hitherto
much-neglected points of forest management. The
method of enclosure generally used in the New
Forest is well illustrated in the outdoor portion of
the Exhibition, where a hoop-iron fence has been
erected, which, with bank and ditch, costs but a very
nominal rate for erection. A cleft Oak fence, of
rather rough construction, for preventing the inroads
of pigs to these forests, is also shown. From Windsor
Park come numerous sections of trees ranging in age
from 204 years downwards, a Cedar of Lebanon 120
years old, a piece of Heme's Oak, and several cases
of home-grown woods. A stack of Oak bark is
shown as illustrative of the method usually adopted
in Hants of setting up and saving this forest com-
modity, as well as a case of forest tools, which, to all
appearance are of a less finished and more cumber-
some construction than those used by our Scotch
foresters.

Balmoral. — Amongst outdoor exhibits perhaps
few attract a greater amount of attention than those
of Her Majesty. Not only to the casual observer are
these of particular interest but to the practical
forester as well, illustrating as they do the valuable
quality and uses of the wood, as well as soil in which
these Highland Pines are best at home. The ex-
hibits in question consist of a rustic ch.ilet made en-
tirely of the grand old Scotch Fir from Balmoral,
with numerous examples of the wood in a rough and
polished state.

The chalet is made from trees that had been re-
cently blown down, and is not, as generally supposed,
a model or counterpart of any rustic arbour at Bal-
moral, but was erected for Her Majesty's inspection
and met with her entire approval. The interior
is panelled with beautifully grained and well

polished ' boards of this native Pine, while the
exterior is composed of branches, bark, and
mosses collected from the forest. Some beautiful
articles of furniture, also made of this Pine, are
exhibited within the chalet, the beautiful grain and
susceptibility of a high polish showing how well
this wood is adapted for the use of the cabinet-maker.
Two inverted bell-glasses filled with specimens of the
soil on which these trees have grown are of great
practical value to the arboriculturist. One of these
contains crumbled granite with a small quantity of
decomposed vegetable matter atop, and the other,
which produces the largest and finest timber, is com-
posed principally of ferruginous gravel, or almost pure
inorganic matter, with a few inches of peaty turf on
the surface.

An album containing a most interesting collection
of mosses from the Ballochbuie Forest is shown by the
forester at Balmoral, and specimens illustrating both
the size and quality of the Highland Pine.

STREATLEY HILL AND

WOODS.

Streatley, in Berkshire, is well known as one of
the prettiest spots on the banks of the Thames, and
the neighbouring hills offer rich hunting ground for
the botanist. Starling from Goring station soon after
noon we — a few enthusiasts — make our way through
the ancient village. A turn in the road brings us to
Goring Church, a beautiful edifice, that has held
an important position in the clerical world in
years gone by. The interior of the church is well
worthy a visit ; the tower contains a most interesting
ring of five bells, one of which has echoed in this old
Thames Valley for no less than 5S3 years. There is
a capital Ivy-covered lich-gate to the entrance of the
churchyard, and has been fortunate enough to escape
*' modern improvements."

On a shady wall close by we espy some strong
plants of the Ivy-leaved Lettuce (Lactuca muralis),
while a little farther on, in the more exposed parts,
are masses of Sedum acre, with its bright starlike
flowers ; Veronica arvensis, the wall Veronica ; the
three- nerved Sandwort, Arenaria trinervis ; Poa
rigida, of the strigosa form of Poa pratensis. Another
wall by the church is covered with the pilose Hawk-
weed (Hieracium pilosella), whose orange-tipped
flowers and hairy leaves make a bold show.

Crossing the Thames by the wooden bridge we get
an extremely picturesque view of the river, with its
lock and broad weir, the old Streatley mill, and
Goring Church opposite, a spot well known to the
Thames roving artist. The first wall on the Streatley
side of the river yields us lovely masses of the Ivy-
leaved Toad-flax (L. cymbalaria) in full flower,
accompanied by L. repens, which will soon be gay
with its pretty violet flowers. This last is a common
plant in the neighbourhood, at home on many a
chalk bank and old wall. Reaching the " Bull," a
well-known hostelry, we are tempted to test the
quality of its hospitality before we climb the hill
which is immediately behind. There is a well-kept
garden here, teeming with showy old fashioned
flowers.

Crossing the paddock we reach the base of Streatley
Hill, with fine undulating chalk sides, half-a-mile in
extent, and dotted with Juniper bushes. Our first
find is Gymnadenia conopsea, the fragrant Orchis ; a
little higher up, scattered amongst the Juniper, are a
few spikes of the spotted Orchis (O. maculata), but
the soil is too dry lor them to be finer. Orchis pyra-
midalis is just showing, and promises to be as good as
usual. Gymnadenia in abundance, grand spikes,
many 6 and 7 inches in length, varying greatly in
colour — purple, rich pink, and pure white, while
here and there we see a rosy-white form of great
beauty.

Still ascending, we observe Sweet Brier bushes
among the Juniper. On the most exposed parts of
the hill we meet with the feathery leaves of the
Pasque-flower {Anemone Pulsatilla), the flowers being
over — in this district by the beginning of May at the
latest. Linum catharticum, with pure white
petals and drooping buds, is here in profusion.
Kceleria cristata is pretty plentiful, so also is Avena
pubescens, and A. pratensis ; this latter is not un-
frequently mistaken by the young botanist for Avena
pubescens, but its narrow leaves, which are glaucous,
at once distinguishes it from pubescens. Carex
glauca we see, but it is over now ; glorious masses of
Polygala vulgaris, the Procession-plant of our ances-

40

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 18S4.

tors, intense blue, rosy-pink, and pure white flowers,
welcome at all times. Has a satisfactory answer been
given to the question Sir John Lubbock asked, why
the flowers should be indifferently blue or pink ?
Close by, amongst the nodding Briza media— Wiggle
Waggle, as it is locally called — are clumps of Bird's-
foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), whilst

" The mountain Thyme
Purples the hassock of the heaving mole,
And the short turf is gay with Tormenlils."

Ophrys apifera turns up next, though sparingly, and
its quaint flowers call admiration from all. The
Squinancy-wort, Asperula cynanchica ? Yes ! there
is no mistaking its pretty pink striped flowers — plenty
of it too, though no smell to this like its near relation,
the Sweet Woodruffe, but it is welcome, being local.
Bromus erectus, the tall Brome-grass, and Triodia
procumbens, procumbent Heath-grass, is common in
the shadier parts of the hill. There has evidently
been a good show of Orchis morio, the green-winged
Orchis, but only withered flowers now remain.

Cephalanthera grandiflora, large white Helleborine,
is at home, just in the shade of the wood — grand
examples with six, seven, and eight creamy-white
flowers on a spike. Of the dwarf Orchis, O ustulata,
we find but a solitary specimen, which we leave after
noting the raised crimson spots on the labellum. We
are doomed not to meet the Orchis we have been
keeping our eye for : our penetrating glances are of
no avail, for Orchis militaris (the Military Orchis)
is not to be numbered amongst our finds. This is one
of the homes of militaris, but with the exception of
my friend. Dr. Arnold Lees, F.L.S., who was
fortunate enough to find it last year close by Streatley,
but not on the hill. I do not think it has been
found for a long while now. We are partly con-
soled, however, for we find the field Cineraria
(Senecio campestris), not a few plants, but hundreds,
though we are careful not to pull roots up, plentiful
as it is. The Dropwort (Spircea Filipendula) is also
at home here, with its elegant cut leaf and crimson-
tipped inflorescence.

The Beech wood which crowns the hill is reached
at last, and we get a capital view of the surrounding
country. Down beneath us is Father Thames winding
like a ribbon, dotted here and there with eyots, and
fringed in places with heavily leaved trees. Out in
front of us, to the right and left, as far as the eye
can reach, are spread the fields in endless variety of
colour, while at our feet amongst the tall Elms lie
Goring and Streatley.

To explore the woods is our next thought, and we
are not long inside before we find the Bird's-nest
Orchis {Neottia Nidus-avis) with its peculiar scent,
" like pepper," as one of the party exclaimed. Their
place will shortly be taken by a no less curious plant,
i.e., Monotropa Hypopitys (Yellow Bird's-nest). As-
perula odorata has had a good time of it here, but
enough is left to gather a few of the white blossoms.
Bunium flexuosum — the Earth-nut — is in flower, but
the country children around here like to search for the
Nut nearer the autumn. Habenaria bifolia — the
Butterfly Orchis — with welcome scent, is next dis-
covered. The Enchanter's Nightshade (Circasa lute-
tiana, Veronica montana, the Wood Pimpernel
(Lysimachia nemorum), are common plants. The
grasses lend a rare charm to the woodland scenery ;
Minium efi'usum in abundance, waving its spreading
head ; Melica unillora, Poa nemoralis, and others, in
company with Carex sylvatica.

In the more open spots we find several St. John's
Worts, Hypericum perforatum, pulchrum, hirsutum,
and montanum, mostly showing their first flowers.
A cornfield at the back of the wood yields us Iberis
amara, Candytuft, full of white blossoms ; and Cam-
panula hybrida. Many other things worthy of note
are to be found here ; but time has flown ; so with
well-filled vasculums and grateful spirits we wend our
way down the hill towards the station. Frank
Tufnail,

Elisena longipetala. — Notwithstanding the
fact that many of the flowers of this class are short-
lived, they are universally admired, and where grown
are valued not merely for the delicate purity of
their flowers, but for their fragrance. In this one,
however, we have a departure from the usual type, as
seen in the Pancratiums, Hymenocallis, and Eucharis,
inasmuch as the stamens, the crown, and the perianth,
are deflexed and irregular. The segments of the
latter are also somewhat wavy and crisped at the
margin, which adds much to the general attractiveness
of the whole inflorescence, which consists of some
four to six sessile short-tubed flowers seated on the
top of a stout compressed peduncle. There is a figure
of it in the Botanical Magazini, t. 3873, and a
flowering specimen in the Cape-house at Kew.

DISEASE OF POTATOS.

FusispORiUM ROSEOLUM, Sieph. — During the last
few days we have had an opportunity of examining
some of the Potato plants destroyed by the Perono-
spora at Bedford, as recorded by Mr, Thomas Laxton.
Mr. Laxton states that he first observed affected
plants at the latter end of May last. This need cause
no surprise. In 1875 we detected the perfect fungus

X-4-0O

Fig. 7. — FUNGUS in disbased potatos : fusisporium

ROSEOLUM, 5TEPH.

Fig. 8.— disease of mushrooms : fusisporium muco-

FHVTUM.

Fusisporium roseolum, Steph., a fungus described by
the Rev. M. J. Beikeley, from the MS. of Mr. H. O.
Stephens, of Bristol, in the first years of the Pot.ito
disease. As the fungus has not, we believe, hitherto
been illustrated, the accompanying engraving (fig. 7)
may be welcome and useful. The Fusisporium often
accompanies the Peronospora, and there is a second,
very different, colourless, and more common species
of Fusisporium, named F. Solani, Mart., which also
accompanies the Peronospora, and grows on and in
Potatos ; the latter is illustrated to the same scale as
F. roseolum, Steph,, in the Gardeners Chronicle for
May 20, 1S76, and July S, 1S76, The different
species of Fusisporium grow in the inside as well as
the outside of aflfected plants.

If a fragment of the rose-coloured jelly be taken
from a diseased Potato tuber, and observed under the
microscope with a power of 400 diameters, it will be
seen as in fig. 7, an involved mass of pink myce-
lium, with short stems carrying an immense number
of beautiful curved, rose-coloured, spindle-shaped
spores, each spore being furnished with (rom three to
eight stops or septa. Each piece of a spore thus cut
into segments is capable of germinating and repro-
ducing new mycelium, and ultimately spores of the
Fusisporium. It is common to see a Fusisporium
working in company with a Peronospora ; the latter
is the lion, and the former the jackal. A similar
phenomenon is seen on evergreens, where Capnodium
Footii, B. and Desm., is almost invariably accom-
panied by Strigula Babingtoni, B., and in the instances
where a Puccinia is accompanied by an /Ecidium. This
peculiar habit is sometimes termed " consortism,"
and only means that one host plant exactly suits
the requirements of two different parasites, just
as one animal may be a suitable harbour
for lice as well as fleas. When Peronospora
Schleideniana, Ung., seizes on Onions, Fusi-
sporium atrovirens, B., frequently assists in the
attack. When Peronospora parasitica, Pers., attacks
Cabbages it is often aided by Fusisporium aurantia-
cum. Link ; Peronospora eflfasa, Grev., on Chenopo-
dium, is commonly helped by Fusisporium belre,
Desm. No imaginative person has yet ventured to
say that a Fusisporium is one form of a Peronospora.
W. G. Smith.

Fig. q.— disease of mushrooms: saprolegnia muco-

PHAGA.

in the beginning of June. (See Gardeners' Chronicle,
July 10, 1S75, p. 35.)

Some of Mr. Laxton's tubers were reduced by the
disease to the well-known jelly condition so familiar
to Potato growers. The diseased tubers become quite
soft, and on being cut open the whole interior is one
somewhat firm, semi-transparent, gelatinous mass.
Under the microscope this translucent jelly is usually
full of mycelium belonging to Peronospora infestans,
Mont,, and the threads frequently carry the reproduc-
tive organs.

Sometimes this jelly-like mass exhibits rose-coloured
patches of great beauty, resembling rose-coloured
blanc-mange ; this colour is Caused by the presence of

THE CHILIAN NUT.

In February last we received for naming some
flowering shoots of a very handsome shrub from the
(garden of J. B. Bolitho, Esq., Greenway, Brixham,
Devon, which proved to be the Chilian Nut, Guevina
Avellana, a plant introduced and distributed by Mr.
Bull a few years ago, and of which we now give an illus-
tration (fig. 10), with a view to calling attention to it.
Mr. Bull well describes it as " an evergreen tree, grow-
ing in its native country, Chili, to the height of
30 feet, and furnished with coriaceous imparipinnate
leaves, consisting of from two to live pairs of ovate-
dentate leaflets. The flowers are in simple erect
racemes, 2 to 4 inches long, succeeded by globose
edible drupes, enclosing almond-like seeds, which are
eaten in Chili and Peru, The latter have a mild and
somewhat oily taste, while the fleshy pericarp is made
a substitute for the Pomegranate." It belongs to the
tribe Grevilleae, of the natural order Proleacere, and
has proved itself quite hardy in Devonshire, though
whether it is so in any of the less favoured parts of
the country we are unable to say. Any way, it is a
very handsome shrub.

A Hailstorm in Jersey. — The terrific down-
pour of hailstones, on a recent Saturday even
ing, has done damage in Jersey to an incredible
amount. Besides the appalling destruction of qiass,
the damage done to the Pear and Apple crop must
amount to thousands of pounds, the young fruit being
quite spoiled by bruises from the hailstones, which
were as large as Cob Nuts. The injury to plants and
flowers, and nursery stock generally, is bad enough,
but to the fruit crop it is far worse, affecting as it
does so many who can ill alTord to bear the loss ; and
it is to be hoped that something will be done by the
wealthy public for those on whom the damage will
fall so heavily, and probably entail distress. *' It is,"
says the Jersey Gardener, '* enough to fill our minds
with wonder and dismay to think of the amount of
damage done to property in our beautiful little islaod
in the space of ten minutes 1 "

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

41

THE BIG VINE AT MANRESA
HOUSE, ROEHAMPTON.

Amongst the big Vines existent in various places,
about which little has been said, may be mentioned the
one at the above place. I doubt if a more remarkable
example is in existence, taking all connected with it
into account. It occupies a hip-roofed house 224 feet
long, by II feet wide, the roof glass, which rests on a
low brick wall, is 13 feet 6 inches to the ridge, the
back light 3 feet ; the Vine, Elack Hamburgh, was
planted twenty-one years ago, in an accidental sort of
way, no border or preparation of any kind being
made, but the plant simply turned out of a pot up to
a wall, with a view to its furnishing leaves for gar-
nishing so as to avoid these being taken from the
bearing Vines in the houses, it grew away freely and
soon covered a considerable space, when part of the

shoots together, and when the union was effected to
sever the rods of the smaller Vine from its stem at
the end of the house ; in this way, as a matter of
course, the rods thus worked on to those of the big
Vine would have become part of it, and have been
supported wholly by it, the sap working through the
attached rods the wrong way, but here a remarkable
unexpected occurrence took place. First, to try how
the union would answer, last summer one of the rods
of the small Vine had its leading shoot inarched to
that opposite it of the big Vine, with the sap thus
running in opposite directions, the union nevertheless
was soon as complete as if the shoots had been grow-
ing in the same direction, and attached side to side in
the ordinary way where this kind of grafting is
effected. This spring the united shoots were allowed
to remain, each attached to the Vine it belonged to,
under the supposition that, for a time, until the

necessarily working in the reverse of it^ natural
direction, and also the lower part freed from the
adverse influence of its powerful partner, began to
push leaves of the ordinary character. Here is a very
interesting case, even if of no consequence, from a
gardening point of view. The primary cause of the
derangement was obvious ; the flow of sap in the
stronger Vine overpowered that of the weaker one,
but how the contention acted in bringing about the
detriment in the least powerful is likely to remain
unsolved.

In a continuation of the same run of wall is another
big Vine in a similarly constructed house, 7° ^^^^
long, and which is at once to have 160 feet more
added to it. The back wall is occupied by a fine lot
of healthy Peach trees, which will be kept for a time
until the Vine wants all the room, till which it will
be confined to some three rods running along under

Fig. 10. — THE CHILIAN NUT (GUEVINA AVELLANA). (SEE P. 40.)

bouse as it now exists was built over it and as it ex-
tended more was added. It consists of seven rods,
which run horizontally along the house. The bearing
shoots are confined to such as spring from the upper
side of each of the rods, and are trained upright under
the glass at about the usual distance from it. The
Vine is in the best of health, producing regularly
highly finished fruits which have taken 1st prizes at
some of the neighbouring shows. Last year it bore
70S bunches, weighing 900 lb. ; this year's crop
consists of 780 bunches, The stem is 15]. inches in
girth, and two of the seven rods are each 6^- inches
round.

It does not yet quite fill the whole of the house,
another Vine planted at one end occupies 27 feet.
This Vine has a similar number of rods, which are
trained in like manner. Early last year the shoots of
the two Vines had met, and with a view to filling the
whole space with one Vine without further delay,
Mr. Davis thought of inarching the extremities of the

united extremities had got more strength, the support
of both Vines would be an advantage to the rod
thus united, but when growth commenced the joint
action of the two soon began to show that
it would not act, the young leaves and bunches
on the shoots of the portion of the grafted
rod belonging to the big Vine went on all
right, as usual, but the leaves produced on the part
of the rod belonging to the smaller Vine came from
end to end all crumpled and deformed, and not more
than a fourth of their natural size, whilst the bunches
were nothing but twisted distortions, presenting, when
I saw them, a singular contrast to the ample foliage
on the other rods not grafted.

Mr. Davis let this go on for a short lime, thinking
that the growth might come right, but such was not
the result the rod of the smaller Vine was then
severed at some distance below the point of union,
after which each portion, both that which had now to
depend for its support on the big Vine, with the sap

the lower portion of the roof. This Vine is also in a
somewhat peculiar position ; it is planted, like the
one already noticed, against an open wall, but the
wall runs at right angles to that against which the
house it occupies is built, and separated from it by a
gravel walk, under which the rods have been bent
down and brought up again on the opposite side
within the house. Where the natural soil is suitable
for Vines, as it evidently at this place is, border
making, as ordinarily carried out, is an unnecessary
operation. The kitchen garden in which these Vines
are planted, and in which the roots have an unlimited
run, is an old one. Rich liquid stimulants, without
stint, are applied to the borders inside the houses,
which consist of the natural soil. If all goes well,
at no distant date these two houses, 454 feet in
length, will be filled by a couple of Vines.

Those who are conversant with what appeared a
few years back in the pages of the Gardeners'
Chronicle respecting the produce of a large Peach

42

THE GARDENERS' CMROMICLM.

tJuLV 12, 1884.

tree, which at that time filled one of the houses at
this place, will no doubt recollect the surprise that
was created amongst fruit growers by the extraordi-
nary amount the crop realised, which was ^702 in
the sixteen years during which it was forced, reaching
to as much as ^,78 in one year, when at its best.
Needless to say early Peaches, like a good many
other kinds of forced fruit, commanded very different
figures then than at the present day. The variety
was Grosse Mignonne — it came to an untimely end,
being killed by a dressing of parafiin, applied in an
insufficiently diluted state. Mr. Davis keeps the
stem of this peerless tree stuck in one of the borders
adjoining a walk in the garden. Any one afllicted
with over-strung nerves would have buried it out of
sight, to banish the thoughts of the mishap. The
stem of this remarkable tree is more like that of a
good sized Apple in thickness than a Peach.

A large quantity of this fruit is still grown ; the big
lean-to house the old tree occupied is now filled by
others bearing a fine crop, not forced to come in so
early as in times past. Ilalf-a-dozen trees in grand
bearing condition, filling another large house, and
now carrying a beautiful crop, are deserving of
especial notice on account of the circumstances con-
nected with them. About eight years since these
trees occupied a house in the hands of a market gar-
dener and fruiterer, five years planted, and nearly as
big as they are now, but they did not bear satisfac-
torily, and for this reason were about to be destroyed.
Mr. Davis happening to see them made an offer to
take them, which was accepted ; in July he had the
roots all cut back to within 3 feet of the stems, and
afterwards freely supplied with water. They were
moved in October with every possible bit of root they
then had to the house they are now in, and the
following June the crop was sold for ^^75. No bad
instance of what can be done in at once filling a house
with Peaches, and having no waiting for a crop, pro-
viding trees in right condition are obtainable, and
they are rightly managed afterwards. The sorts are —
Peaches : Red Magdalen, Stirling Castle, Grosse Mig-
nonne, two trees of Royal George ; and an EIruge
Nectarine.

Several houses of considerable size contain Vines in
good bearing order, and now carrying satisfactory
crops of nice compact bunches in different stages, but,
none are forced so as to come in nearly so early as was
the practice here when better prices were to be had.
Melons are grown extensively in long low houses suit-
able for this kind of fruit. A large extent of wall is
occupied by outdoor Peaches, which do remarkably
well, the trees on the principal south wall are this
season as full of fruit as they might have been expected
to be had the frosty nights, which did so much mis-
chief in many places, not occurred ; the wall is 10 feet
high, without coping, and no protection of any kind
was used. The wood is kept thin, the garden engine
freely used and the roots well supplied with moisture
as they require it. T. B.

HEALTH EXHIBITION.

Notes on Fruits and Vegetable Sub-
stances Preserved. — If we take the word "pre-
serves " in a wider sense than the housewife would do,
we find that there would be included all those multi-
tudinous articles that civilised humanity endeavours
in a variety of ways to keep in an eatable or usable
condition for considerable periods of time ; these are
treated in the season of the year in which they
are to be found naturally in the greatest abundance,
whether it be fruit, vegetables, fish of certain kinds,
&c. Mr. Gladstone struck the right note in one of
his recent speeches in the country when he said that
we must take more to fruit growing and fruit preserv-
ing than he thought at present was the case, although
he perhaps somewhat underrated the advances already
made by our countrymen in that direction, and not-
ably by Lord Sudeley, who at Toddington, near
Cheltenham, has laid down 500 acres to fruit culture
alone. This quantity of land, that consisted mainly
of good sound loam, overlying a lias formation, was
eminently adapted for fruit tree growth, in fact the
district has been famous for fruit growing for many
}ears. On carefully prepared land 30,000 standard
Plums were planted, chiefiy consisting of Denyer's
Victoria, Pond's Seedling, Diamond, early Green
Gages, and about forty other kinds. Of Damsons
there were planted 9000, half of them being the
Cluster or Crittenden, Of Apples there are 50001

mostly Cox's Orange Pippin and Lord SufReld J of
Pears S52, in leading kinds ; and 582 Cherries of the
Bigarreau and Blackheart sorts. These numbers,
though large, become insignificant when compared
with those of small fruits. Black Currants head the
list with 220,000, mostly Baldwins and Black
Naples, 20,000 red Currants of the Raby
Castle and Scotch red varieties. Gooseberries
number 130,000 of Crown Bob, Warrington, White-
smith, and Lancashire Lad, and Raspberries 120,000
stools. Of this last-named the Fastolf was once
preferred, but now, on account of its better colour.
Semper Fidelis is the favourite preserving variety,
although it is distinguished rather for its acerbity
than for any other quality, which in a preserve
perhaps saves it from that attribute of mawkishness
so often found in Raspberry and Strawberry jam.
Stirling Castle was the sort of Strawberry at first
planted, but now the preference is given to a kind
called the American Scarlet, which has a higher
grade of aroma ; in that respect almost equalling the
wood Strawberry, than which connoisseurs will say
there is none better. To our eye the preserved fruit
had a strong resemblance to the Grove End Scarlet —
a kind now quite out of fashion, but which is one of the
best coloured fruits for the purpose we are acquainted
with. Some idea of the immense quantity of plants
wanted for the large extent of ground under the crop
may be formed from the fact, that 30 tons of runners
of (this American sort have been sent from Isleworth
and Brentford to Toddington for planting.

Mr, T. W. Beach takes all the fruit grown under
agreement for a series of years, and converts it into
jam, iS:c., on the spot, an old farm-house having
been "converted into a factory. He has seen the
desirability of employing glass jars instead of earthen-
ware, thus enabling his customers to see the condition
of the fruit. Most of what is here on his stand
exhibits the fruit in an unbroken form, not mashed
up as so much of the fruit is which is sold at a
cheap price ; the unbroken fruit being not only more
enticing but it is a proof that only sound fruit
has been used, and also precludes the addition of any
adulterating substances. We can speak of its excel-
lence, having tasted some of the new fruit that was
sent in on June 20. The public should wish this
spirited joint undertaking of Lord Sudeley and Mr.
Beach all prosperity ; and there is no reason why
many similar enterprises should not be inaugurated,
and an endeavour be made to secure some portion of
the ^2,000,000 that yearly go out of the country for
the purchase of foreign fruit.

Another exhibit, consisting of articles of great
utility to a seafaring people is that of C. Prevet & Co.,
late Chollet & Co., of Fenchurch Street, London.
Here are all sorts of garden vegetables, such as green
Bean-pods, Spinach, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage,
flavouring herbs, Onions, Cauliflowers, Turnips,
Carrots, and Leeks, dried, of their almost natural
colours, and consequently reduced in the process to
about one-sixth of their normal bulk. The various
items are mostly cut up into small pieces, and into
other still more minute portions for "Julienne."
These are sold in either a loose or a compressed state,
the former for home consumption, the latter for ships,
exploring parties, or for the military commissariat.
Most sea-going vessels are enjoined by the Board of
Trade regulations to take ChoIIet's compressed
vegetables as a medical necessary, and a preventative
of scurvy. We were assured that one cubic metre of
the compressed vegetables was sufficient mess for
40,000 men. Portions of 4 lb. weight, containing
sixty-four rations, also tins containing the materials
for sixty and for twelve plates of soup — excellent
things to take on pedestrian and other short tours
into parts of the country where decent cookery is not
likely to be found, especially as they are exceedingly
light, and pack close together. In tropical lands,
where vegetables grow luxuriantly and ferment quickly
the Chollet vegetables are preferred, as they do not
cause dysentery and cholera to Europeans. Another
London firm, that of D, A. McCorquodale, 126,
London Wall, have preserved in a dry condition
Potatos, Onions, Parsnips, and Turnips, exhibited in
separate tins. These methods, well adapted as they
are for long preservation (two years being guaranteed),
and being portable commercial articles, do not com-
mend themselves precisely to the housewife, who may
be desirous to preserve her surplus vegetables and
Pulse in the season of plenty to the next winter
season when the summer delicacies will be so much
appreciated, The drying methods require threat ex-

actitude in the temperature, a special chamber, and
much experience of a special kind. We should like
to have found methods simple and inexpensive for
keeping Kidney Beans, Runner Beans, Asparagus,
Marrows, Cucumbers, and full grown Summer Cab-
bage, European people inhabiting countries that
have severer winters than ours keep this vegetable over
the winter by a process of salting-in, whereby an acid
fermentation is set up. The ditTerent things are pre-
served entire, with the exception of Cabbage, which
last is shred up first. Such vegetables are possessed
of a flavour, the liking for which is a matter of
acquirement, but they are wholesome and nouiishing.
Banana fruit in splendid bunches, and a meal made
from the fruit, was shown by Mr. W. \l. Ussher, of
Bath. A pamphlet, staling how excellent the food was
for a strong man doing heavy work, set us wondering
what a railway navvy fed on this substance would
do compared with another consuming his beef, pork,
bread, and beer, and how he would stand in his
piece-work account on pay-day. In several stands
Paraguay Tea, Ilex paraguayensis, formed one of the
exhibits, the renowned restorative being seen in the
form of a brownish powder interspersed with coarsely
broken up leaf. The Chinese Soya Bean, employed
by the Celestials in sauce and oil manufacture, was
observed in Mr. Christy's stand, as were Australian
Pepper, Piper novce-hollandiae, Kokum butter, a
substance made from the fruit of Garcinia indica, a
tree growing on the hills on the western coast of
India. The not very appetising looking balls arc
prepared by removing the seeds and drying the pulp
in the sun. A fuller description of its prepara-
tion and uses will be found on p. 320, in
this year's volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle^
Here also were to be seen specimens of Odika bread
(Irvingia Barteri) from the region of the Gaboon
River, often used in the manufacture of confectionery
with chocolate. It is likewise used as a national
food by the natives. A variety of Coffee called
Maragogipe, that is supplanting the other varieties of
Coffee throughout Brazil, and which is said to be
exceedingly productive, possessing berries withsmooth,
satiny skins, and of the highest quality. Erythroxy*
Ion coca, the leaves of which make a very delicious
liqueur, and contain a very nutritive principle.
Several varieties of Cinchonas are to be observed in
the form of seeds and bark, such as Calisaya Verde, a
Bolivian variety ; C. morada, from the same country ;
C. Ledgeriana, from Ceylon ; also a substitute for
Cinchona, from Queensland — Alstonia constricta, a
genus of the Apocynura family. The bark is intensely
bitter, and is used as a tonic, and in stomach com-
plaints. Hymenodictyon excelsum, related to the
Cinchonas, with bark that is very astringent, as much
as that of Cinchona. This plant is a native of Ceylon,
and the bark finds employment in leather tanning.
Here were also found Henna, Breadfruit flour, Papaine,
a vegetable pepsine, the active principle of Carica
papaya ; Mandioc, an excellent Sago, a food frequently
mentioned by Livingstone in his Travels on the West
Coast of Africa : Tonquin Beans, the pleasantly per-
fumed seeds of Dipterix odorata, a native of Cayenne ;
the seeds are not unlike an almond, but longer, and
covered with a shining black skin ; Myroxylon
Pereiros, the bark yielding the Balsam of Peru of
commerce.

Miscellanea. — Hose, water-pots, engines
and irrigators, have all been in constant use at
South Kensington lately, as elsewhere, and the
public have had the opportunity, as wc have had, of
seeing the serviceable work done by Deverill's
Patent Irrigator, which is easily movable from place
to place, does its work efficiently, and may be left to do
it while the workman goes off to something else. We
can confirm the favourable opinion we gave in iSSl. —
Messrs. Charles Lee & Son, now that the Rhodo-
dendron season is over, are rearranging the areas
alloted to them by the introduction of ornamental
deciduous and evergreen shrubs in pots. The white
variegated Cornus mas is very effective mixed in
with green shrubs ; the tricolor variety is perhaps
not so effective as usual, the dry dust-laden air
of Kensington, impairing the colour of the Golden
Elder and Golden Privet. Messrs. Lee make effec-
tive use of standards, such as the common variegated
Euonymus radicans grafted on a standard some 3—4
feet high ; the old gold-leaved Ivy is similarly treated,
as also the new silver variegated form and others.
The naked standard is concealed by the surrounding
shrubs, above which the heads project with striking
elTect, — Messrs. Osterlook, of Amsterdam (Dulan
& Co,, agents), show in the gallery of the Albeit

July 12, 1884.]

THR CARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

43

Hall some excellent models in pasteboard of the
Peronospora of the Potato, the Oidium of the Vine,
and other similar things, which would be most
valuable in schools of horticulture. — Messrs. Dick
RadclyfTe & Co. are, to our thinking, more suc-
cessful with their Queen Anne window Fern case
than with) their more ambitious production, already
noticed, near the Prince's Pavilion. — Great interest
attaches among those competent to appreciate it, to
the exhibition in the French Court of the apparatus
and instruments employed by M. Pasteur in his
wonderful experiments on the cultivation of bacterial
growths, their propagation and attenuation by
culture, the means provided for entirely excluding
them, and so forth. The vastness of the benefit to
the human race and to animals by these experiments
is beyond calculation, and yet it is just this sort of
observation which some well-meaning but woefully
misguided people are doing and have done their best
to stop. Wait till they get bitten by a mad dog them-
selves, and see what they will say then.— The library
and reading-room have been discovered, we suspect,
by only a small fraction of the visitors ; lor those who
have leisure enough or who wish to prosecute special
research, this library will be found quiet, convenient,
and well arranged. Why should not the Lindley
Library be equally well housed and rendered acces-
sible ? But that involves other questions, which we
cannot enter into now. — The Danish portable houses,
made of felt and canvas, with wooden floors, are
offered as a substitute for tents, to which they offer
superior advantages, as they are quite as portable,
more easily put together, more commodious and
wholesome ; for shooting or fishing huts, garden
offices, and a variety of other purposes they seem
well adapted. Messrs. Puggaard & Galschiot, of 34,
Eastcheap, are the agents. By the way, we have
discovered that the agents for the Quillaia, mentioned
in a former number, are Messrs. Chase & Co., Ade-
laide Buildings, London Bridge.

Araucaria imbricata.— This fine tree, assuredly
the finest evergreen tree we have, well deserves that
we should accumulate all the documents and observa-
tions calculated to elucidate it. Among the desiderata
I lay special stress on good photographs of the tree as
growing in its native Chilian forests ; perhaps some
obliging reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle could
supply the Editor with such a photograph ? Of six
Araucarias sown in situ in 1823 by M. de Kersanton
near Brest, the finest measured in 1878 22 metres in
height by 1.90 metre in circumference. By this time
it must have reached 24 metres in height. It is
with great interest that I have read of the exist-
ence of two additional cases of the monoicous
condition of the Araucaria, which raises the total
known to me to four — a very small proportion
to the number of dioicous plants of this species. It
remains to be seen whether the monoicous condition
is constant or accidental in the trees in which it has
been observed ; but, in any case, it can only be
looked on as an anomaly. It seems that the male
catkins do not show themselves regularly every
year, but at rather long and irregular intervals, and
that the number of these male catkins is very few,
while in the dioicous plants the cones are produced
in abundance, and regularly every year. At one
time I thought that the loose-habited candelabriform
trees were female, the closer habited one male, but I
have since come to the conclusion that it is impossible
to tell the sex of an Araucaria previous to the pro-
duction of flowers. This year I think the Araucarias
will produce an abundance of cones. One of my trees,
forming a fine pyramid, bore two cones in 1877, two
others in 1879, and none since till this year, when
it bears at least fifty already as large as my fist. I
took from the late Mr. Hammond's garden at Cher-
bourg some twenty male spikes, some of which I
attached to long Bamboo rods, and by their means was
enabled to fertilise the female cones of my plant, and
thus, as I hope, to secure seed. Lastly, I should
esteem it a favour if some of your correspondents
along the Mediterranean coast, in Italy or Spain, or
even in the South of France, would tell us how the
Araucaria thrives in those regions, and to what dimen-
sions it attains. P, "Joseph- Lafosse,

CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES.

Messrs. James Veitcii & Sons have again pre-
pared a very large and choice exhibition of Carnations
and Picotees, in their Royal Exotic Nursery, King's
Road, Chelsea. They have all been planted out in
beds in the open ground, and although they have
been grown in the same beds for many years the fact
remains, that in no previous season have they been
better than they are this year. The collection is so
thoroughly representative, that not one class or section
of the Carnation or Picotee has been left out. The
plants have had no protection whatever until the
flowers opened, when they received the light shade of
a canvass awning to shelter them from the burning
sun.

The florists' section of bizarre and flake Carnations
comprises all the finest new and old varieties, but to
give a list of them would take up too much space ; it
is sufTicient to say that they may be seen growing here
in their unsophisticated beauty, untouched by
tweezers or dressing implements of any kind.
Admiral Curzon, Arthur Medhurst, Fred, and
Robert Lord aie yet the most beautiful of the scarlet
bizarres ; while of the crimsons the new Master
Fred and E. S. Dodwell seem to hold a very pro-
minent place. The rose-flakes seem specially adapted
for out-of-doors culture ; the best of them are fames
Merryweather, John Keet, Sybil, and Lord Chelms-
ford.

The Picotees surpass the Carnations in beauty
and vigorous development ; the rose and scarlet-
edged section are singularly pure and beautiful in the
white ground, while the edges of both the light and
heavy section seem to be most brilliant in their newly
opened colours.

The Carnation and Picotee blooms have unjustly
obtained the character of being fugacious. This is
not so ; they will last in beauty a month in cold
weather, but they cannot stand a maximum tempera-
ture of 85° and 90° in the shade for days together ;
their time of flowering is the hottest period of the
year.

Of the purple-edged section, Clara Penson was
certainly the queen of light edges, and Mrs, Chancellor
the best of the heavy-edged. Baroness B. Coutts
represented the best of the medium-edged. John
Smith, Dr. Epps, Thomas William, Mrs. Gorton, and
Mrs. Dodwell are the best of the red-edged kinds.

The most important part of this exhibition by far,
from a gardening point of view, is the self and fancy
Cloves and Carnations planted in beds and groups,
while the new yellow sells introduced by the firm
from France will probably effect quite a revolution in
this important section. They are of a dwarf free-
flowering habit, and this, combined with good quality
in the flowers, makes them very desirable acquisitions.
Aurea floribunda has large, full, well formed flowers
of a bright and pleasing primrose colour, and so flori-
ferous that 140 flowers and buds were counted on a
plant from an autumn layer, Mrs. Glen is of the
type of Iving of the Yellows ; the flowers are larger
and fuller, while the plants have a vigorous constitu-
tion, which King of the Yellows has not. Miss Emily
Little, with the largest flowers of all, is of a soft prim-
rose colour. Primrose Queen has also very large
flowers, which are beautifully fringed. Soleil Levant,
fringed yellow, with a continuous flowering habit.
The above is a selection from a numerous family of
an entirely new type. Mrs. Buller must be noted as
a variety with well formed flowers of a new yellowish
buff colour. Princess Mary is one of the
largest blooms, yellow barred and edged with
crimson. Another kind, which cannot fairly be
classed with the yellow varieties, has been named
Fairy King ; it is a straw colour, and seems to be per-
petually flowering. These yellow kinds are planted
in groups of from three to a dozen plants together,
and their effect as border flowers can be seen at a
glance. There are also beds and groups of pure
white varieties, which also afford an excellent oppor-
tunity for comparison. Well, which is the best
white ? For form and quality. The Bride, certainly ;
but there are several white Carnations under this
name ; Hodges is the best. The plants were full of
flowers, most sweetly perfumed. Of W. P. Milner
there is a whole bed ; the white is very pure, the
growth vigorous ; it is certainly the next best. Virgo
is a charming flower, of the purest white, the plants
of neat habit, Gloire de Nancy is esteemed by some,
but the flowers burst their calyx, and they are rather
coarse. Miss Marianne North is quite distinct as a

white, and has large full flowers. Laura, though not
quite pure white, is a desirable variety.

Duchess of Connaught is also a very pretty white
kind, and desirable as a border plant for its dwarf
habit. Ossian is also distinct in its way, prettily
fringed, and seems to have a good habit and vigorous
constitution. The above includes the best white
varieties.

Rose and pink selfs are well represented, and at the
head of the list must be placed Celia. As the flowers
were exhibited at South Kensington cut from the
plants, it received a First-Class Certificate from the
Floral Committee on the 8th ; if it could have been
seen here growing on the plants the certificate would
have been confirmed. The flowers are rosy-pink,
Clove-scented, and the plants are very vigorous. John
Barnet, of which there is a bed, is a noble flower,
rich pink in colour, and very free. Elysian Beauty,
very pretty, pale pink. Mary Morris makes an excel-
lent bed, flowering very freely ; its weak point is a
tendency in the outer petals to lose their bright colour
at the edge ; but for this it would be second to none ;
with this fault it is surpassed by Celia. Corsair added
to the above includes the best of the pink and rose
colours.

There are three good purple-coloured kinds that
stand out prominently. Walter Ware is the richest
in colour, but the flowers are but medium in size.
Improvement has large full flowers, very fine in colour ;
while I\oyal Purple is distinct and good. Here, also,
is a whole bed of the " true old Clove ; " it is very
fine, but cannot be named on thesame page with Ouida;
this variety must be seen on the plant to appreciate
its merits, and not in the form of cut flowers laced in
a collar. There is nothing near it in its brilliant
crimson-maroon colour ; the flowers are also of good
form, and the plants of a free blooming, dwarf habit.
There is also a whole bed of amethyst aglow with
rich and dazzling colour. The different tints of
scarlet also add life and beauty to the picture. Field
Marshal is a rich deep scarlet kind, of good habit. Of
Bertie there is a large bed, the plants blooming very
freely indeed. Coroner is yet well alongside some of
the best for its warm and distinct scarlet shade.

The above includes most of the fine flowers to be
seen in this collection ; it does not include all of
them : tastes vary in these matters, but the taste that
refused to be gratified after an inspection of these
Carnations would at least be peculiar. The Pinks
have been fine, but they are nearly over ; one, named
Rose Perfection, has been raised as a sport in the
nursery, is yet well in flower ; it is a self of a bright
rose colour, and must be a great addition to the list
if it forces well. Z.

A PEEP INTO SOME JERSEY
GARDENS, &c.

{Continued from p. ii.)
The Vineries. —From the Camellia garden at
Mainland to The Vineries, the Grape-growing estab-
lishment of the Messrs. Pond, the well-known experts
in cultivating the fruit of the Vine, is but a step.
They are also in the parish of St. Lawrence, and are
most charmingly situated, standing on the southern
side of a hill about 300 feet above sea level, and com-
manding an extensive and picturesque view of a great
extent of land, and a very considerable sweep of water.
The " houses " are terraced one above the other, and
face the south ; they are long and narrow, and are
divided into compartments by glass doors, whereby,
say Messrs. Pond, they are made more snug, and heat
is more advantageously concentrated. Messrs. Pond
following necessarily the lay of the land, plant their
Vines in borders behind the vineries, for the reason that
space is saved, and the canes grow downwards instead
of upwards. They are large as well as successful
prize-takers, and their fruit is well known in the
London and provincial markets. They consider an
average crop to be about four tons. Stable manure
is the fertiliser upon which they pin their faith.

Although the grounds of The Vineries are worth
looking over, there is nothing beyond the Vines of
very special interest. Cape bulbs, choice Carnations
and Picotees are their floral fancies, and they have
long offered a local prize for a speciality in the latter
flower, as yet, however, without a single competitor.

MoRLEY House'.
Rivalling certainly, we will not venture to say
excelling. The Vinericj just told of, are those of Mr.
George Bashford, of Morley House, Bagot, St,-

44

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 1884.

Saviour's, a short mile to the east of St. Helier,
Compared to Messrs. Pond's " fixings," as an Ameri-
can would put it, in point of situation and beauty,
Mr. Bashford yields the palm, for his grounds are
low and are completely shut in by walls, and except
from the upper windows of his house there is no out-
look at all, save upon 12 acres of land richly culti-
vated with vegetables and fruits for the London
market, and studded with vineries to the extent of a
round dozen, measuring in glass upwards of 105,000
feet. One vinery alone is enormous — S70 feet long,
by 32 feet wide, devoted to varieties of black Grapes ;
while another, for Muscats, of the same dimensions,
is shortly to match it. His output of fruit last year
exceeded 10 tons of Grapes, and is estimated this year
at over 15 tons. One house alone — a lean-to — 600
feet in length, contained in the month of April last,
when we saw it, 2\ tons of Black Hamburghs in
course of rapid ripening and cutting.

Mr. Bashford's system of fertilising his Vines to
their high state of bearing and size and delicacy of
fructification is his secret, but at the same time he
will so far disclose it as to tell you that one year he
uses lime, a second well rotted stable and poultry
manure, and a third, fourth, and fifth an artificial
compost prepared by himself at home — how, and
with what, he is "mum " about, and rightly so. His
former experience as a chemist has taught him, and
the lesson is to his interest. He is a free water giver
to his Vines, and has erected at very considerable
expense a pumping apparatus, from the tank of which,
placed in a tower So feet in height, about 100 tons of
water can be pumped daily.

Besides Grapes Mr. Bashford sends some 40 tons
of early Potatos to England annually. He is also a
successful Strawberry cultivator, and in March last
shipped for Covent Garden large quantities of splen-
did fruit, many of them weighing more than 2 oz.
each, the produce of some Sooo odd pots. Peaches
and Tomatos are also specialities of this gentleman,
who, take him for all in all, is unquestionably the
most scientific grower in Jersey ; therefore you must
needs visit him, reader, and if also you feel disposed
to loiter away an hour in nurseries — nurseries of fruit
trees, shrubs, flowers, and flowering plants, wander
through the plantations of Mr. Saunders, in the St.
Saviour's Road, or those of Messrs. Le Cornu, Mont
a I'Abbe, both places being always open to inspec-
tion without formal introduction. H. L. C,
{To he continued.')

||ril|id foks and Ikanings.

Odontoglossum Andersonianum. — First
flowered in the Meadowbank collection, and described
in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ June 6, 1S6S, this pretty
Odontoglot marked a new departure, and opened up
a fresh series of varieties, ranging between O. crispum
and that form of 0. odoratum which is often named
O. gloriosum in gardens, the different specimens vary-
ing in every conceivable way, as they partake more
markedly of the characteristics of either one or other
of the parents, or as they seem to combine the
features of both. In speaking of hybrid Orchids, we
are apt to speak of them as though the plants of them
received into this country were actually obtained from
seed borne by one of the parents, and cross-fertilised
by the other, but such probably is not the case in
many instances. In many cases, no doubt, the plants
of to-day are the result of seeds borne by self-fertilised
flowers of cross-bred varieties, and of which the
original mingling of the species may have taken place
in the very remote past. Hence it may be that the
progeny by reverting to one parent or the other, gives
us a much greater variety than we should have if the
plants were always the results of immediate crossings.
Odontoglossum Andersonianum has endless variety.

Mr. Philbrick (Orchid Album, t. 148) " air is every-
thing ; the fullest freest circulation, no shade even
in the hottest sun, but full in its rays — the more sun
the better. When growing keep watered, dipped over-
head as often as you can. I often dip mine myself
. . . and put them back in the full sun dripping wet.
They like this, extraordinary as it sounds. . . . In a
common Orchid-house, especially with no air on at
night, ' it living doth languish, and languishing doth
die.* "

L.EUA ANCEPS HiLLIANA. — Flowers flat, star-
like, with narrow lanceolate white segments and a
three-lobed lip, the side lobes of which are upturned,
while the central ovate free lobe is flat or recurved,
pale violet, with a yellow disc, striped with red.
Gardeners' Chronicle, n. s., xv., i6g. It flowers in
early spring. Mr. Williams recommends the Lselias
to be cultivated in the Catlleya-house, with abundance
of water in the growing season. The plants should
be raised above the pot or basket. Orchid Album,
t. 146,

Stenorhyncus speciosus. — A terrestrial Orchid,
with broad undulate leaves and erect many-flowered
pyramidal racemes of crimson bracts, subtending
flowers of the same colour, but with white lip.
Garden, June 14.

GARDENING AT BEDFORD
PARK.

A NOVEL feature was imported into the proceedings
of the Bedford Park Gardening Society, at a recent very
interesting meeting in the club theatre, Bedford Park.
The business of the evening comprised an exhibition
of bouquets and decorations of garden flowers and
wild flowers, and a vocal and instrumental concert ;
the several performances fitting in " between whiles,"
the occasional rest to the ear enhancing the freshness
and cheerfulness of the music ; and last, but not least,
a lecture in the garden on garden flowers. The
exhibitors who were specially honoured because of
the high quality of their contributions, were Mr. D.
J. Ebbets (first prize). Master Charlie Codd, Mrs.
Swinley, Rev. J. W. Ilorsley, Mrs. Leigh, Mr.
R. Read, Mrs. Brooke, Miss Viner, and Mr.
Atherley Jones. For the critical inspection of the
contributions and award of prizes and com-
mendations, the committee secured the services
of Mr. Shirley Hibberd, and when he had
performed this duty, he was invited to address
the company — a very large gathering of ladies
and gentlemen — in the garden. Adapting himself
to the novel situation, Mr. Hibberd gave a brief
and bright address on the garden as a microcosm
of the world, saying that our favourite flowers
were capable of illustrating the most practical
truths, and the most abstract ideas. The idea of time
was illustrated from the polar and alpine flora, and its
relation to the glacial epoch ; the idea of form was
boldly represented in the persistent types of vegetable
beauty, and especially in the geometric or rythmic
repetition of parts in all vegetable as well as most
animal organisms. The importance of typical num-
bers in the structure of plants was illustrated by the
dissection of the flowers of an Iris, which was
explained to be a near relation of an Orchis, not in
appearance only, but in the fundamentals of its
organisation, the number fifteen being the typical
number for both. We shall hope to hear of garden
lectures in the garden becoming somewhat of an
inatitution.

t ^:«^**

A

^^^^^dtkf

Fig. II,— odontoglossum andersonianum.

but every form of it is very lovely, and has the
additional charm of being delightfully Hawthorn-
scented. It is a very vigorous grower if managed the
same as O. Alexandra, and kept cool and moist all the
year round. We give illustrations of the ordinary O.
Andersonianum (fig. 11) and of O. Andersonianum lo-
batum (fig. 12), a well marked and very distinct variety.

Paphinia orandis. — A singular Brazilian Orchid,
with egg-shaped pseudobulbs, broadly ovate lanceolate
plicate leaves, and racemes of large transversely oval
somewhat cup-shaped flowers, 7 inches across. Sepals
and petals oblong lanceolate acuminate, yellow,
barred with chocolate-brown, the free ends wholly
brown ; lip shorter than the segments, of too remark-
able a shape to be made intelligible by words. Mr.
Williams recommends their culture in suspended pans
near the glass, in a warm moist house, with shade
from the burning sun. Orchid Album, t. 146.

Grammatophyllum Ellisii.— This remarkable
Orchid, with its many flowered racemes of triangular
cupped flowers of a yellowish colour, densely spotted
with reddish-brown, is figured in the Orchid Album,
t. 147. It is a native of Madagascar, and will thrive
well in the East India-house.

Barkeria cyclotella. — This Guatemalan
species has racemes of flat oblong flowers, each about
2 inches across, with ovate acute sepals and petals,
and oblong obtuse lip. All the segments are of a
bright rosy lilac, and the lip has, in addition, a white
blotch at the base. " In Barkeria culture," says

m^iii %.mt^i.

New Alpine Auriculas. — At a recent exhibition
of the National Auricula Society in London, two
visitors stopped before a very fine collection of new
alpine Auriculas, staged by Mr. Charles Turner, of
Slough, and one remarked to the other, " These are
Primulas." " Oh, no ! " was the reply of her com-
panion, "they are Auriculas." Both admired the
exquisite beauty of the flowers, but neither appeared
to be quite clear as to what they were. The florist,
who for years had watched with increasing interest
the marvellous development seen in the Slough
alpine Auriculas, witnessed here so much of unex-
pected beauty, that, despite of large expectations, it
came as a floral surprise. A wave of improvement,
appeared to have passed over the flower in
the course of a season or two, raising it to
a higher level of perfection in an incredibly short
time.

When will these new flowers find their way into
commerce? is a question of interest with many.
Alpine Auriculas are much more fertile of offsets
generally than are the show varieties j but it is obvious
that with the large demand Mr. Turner is sure to
receive for new varieties of acknowledged merit, three
years at least would be necessary to obtain suflicient
increase. Unfortunately, the intervening space be-
tween being certificated and being sold is so great
that one is apt to forget the characters of the flowers
that made so deep an impression on the fancy at the
time.

Among the flowers of high quality shown on this
occasion were Roysterer, golden centre, black ground
colour, with a broad and regularly defined margin of
bright salmon and amber — very fine shape ; Rob Roy,
golden centre, dark ground, with a broad edging of
rich chestnut-salmon — very bright, fine and distinct ;
Resplendens, pale yellow centre, slight dark ground,
with broad edging of magenta-crimson — very fine
form and large bold pip ; A. Lloyd, very rich deep
golden centre, dark maroon ground with slight mar-
gin of bright crimson — very fine and striking ; Dr.
Denny, pale yellow centre, with a broad smooth mar-
gin of dark plum — very fine ; and Romer, golden
centre, slight dark ground, with a very distinct edg-
ing of lively salraon-scarlet — a flower of great beauty.
To all the foregoing First-class Certificates of Merit
were awarded. Other representatives of this fine
break were Gipsy, clear pale golden ground,
edged with maroon, flat in shape, and very fine ;
Criterion, creamy centre, dark ground, with edging
of pale rosy-mauve ; Marguerite, pale yellow centre,
black ground, with edging of bright rose — very pretty;
Portia, sulphur centre, dark ground, edged with
bright crimson — large pip and very fine ; Ouida, pale
golden centre, maroon ground, with slight claret-
crimson shading — very fine pip ; W. H. Greenfield,
bright golden centre, not unlike the foregoing, but

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

45

having a deeper coloured centre, broader in the mar-
ginal colour — a little more shaded, and larger in the
pip ; Dr. Masters, very rich golden centre, dark
claret ground, broad crimson and bufl edging — very
fine pip and truss ; Dr. Hogg, rich golden centre,
velvety black ground, golden-buff edging — very fine ;
Raphael, pale-golden centre, broad dark ground, with
the merest shading of pucy-crimson — fine pip and
truss ; Condor, pale gold, slight dark ground, with
broad shading of pinkish lilac — very pretty and dis-
tinct ; Artist, pale gold, broad dark ground, bright
reddish-salmon edging— pip large and of very fine
form ; E. R. Cutler, golden centre, dark ground,
with distinct edging of salmon-scarlet — fine rounded
pip and truss ; E. S. Dodwell, pale golden
ground, changing to white, slight dark ground, with
broad edging of salmon, dashed with purple ; Corsair,
white centre, broad dark ground and wide margin of
rosy-lilac — very fine ; Bayard, white centre, dark
ground, shaded with bluish-lilac — very pretty and
distinct ; Talisman, white centre, broad black ground,
with narrow edge of pale mauve-purple ; Guy Denzil,
white centre, dark ground, and bright purplish-rose
shading, very finely formed pip and truss ; Milton,
white centre, broad dark margin, pale bright purple

the main actors in this transformation scene ; and as
the work done to-day is only an earnest of what
will be attempted to-morrow, there is no saying
to what length the work of improvement may
go. On this occasion First • class Certificates
of Merit were awarded to Magnate (Foster),
a flower of great size and fine quality, having
rich dark top petals with a wire edge of bright crim-
son, and salmon-carmine lower petals veined with
dark, white throat ; the flower of this was of unusual
size, of the finest form, rare substance, and good
habit of growth. This and Man of Arms (Foster)
were awarded First-class Certificates of Merit ; the
latter has dark top petals with a wire edge of crimson,
bright orange-carmine lower petals, with many
heavily pencilled dark lines. The following new
varieties shown on this occasion were also raised by
Mr. Foster : — Democracy, rich dark top petals with
narrow margin of crimson, rich pink lower petals with
slight dark lines and blotches, large white throat — fine
form and good quality ; Outlaw, with dark top petals
with wire edge of crimson, lively orange lower petals with
slight dark blotches, and white throat — finely formed
flowers, produced in bold trusses; Li vely,a bright orange-
crimson self, with a rich black spot on each top petal,

Fig. 12. — ODONTOGLOSSUM ANDERSONIANUM LOBATUM. (SEE P. 44.)

shading ; Tennyson, a variety with very large pips,
inclining to coarseness, dark ground, broad shading
of pale purple ; and Mabel, cream centre, broad dark
ground, with a fine wire shading of bright purple —
pretty and distinct.

The foregoing list does not include any of the new
varieties produced by Mr. Turner this year.

New Pelargoniums at Regent's Park. —
The charming group of new large-flowered and
fancy Pelargoniums shown by Mr. C. Turner, of
Slough, at the meeting of the Royal Botanic Society
on June l8, was so full of interest that it was a
pity so much ot darkness hung over the tent that the
plants lost half of their attractiveness in consequence,
and they were well worth inspection, for they repre-
sented the latest outcome of Mr. E. B. Foster's pro-
ductions that had received names. The name of
Foster has now been associated with the improvement
of the Pelargonium for some forty years, and the
march onwards from such starry, small-sized flowers
as Gem of the West, Guardsman, and Bridesmaid in
1840, to such as the magnificent variety Magnate,
shown on the above date, is indeed extraordinary.
Catleugh, Gaines, Beck, Hoyle, and a few others
not so well known to fame, but who in their day
did worthy work on a smaller scale, have been

and broad margin of deep bright scarlet — very bright
and effective ; Rising Sun, rich dark top petals, with
margin of deep crimson and orange, crimson lower
petals with slight dark pencillings, white throat — fine
form and very free ; Chief Secretary, large dark blotch
on top petals, with broad margin of shaded crimson,
warm pink lower petals, and white throat — Czar,
shaded crimson lower petals with dark lines, rich
dark top petals and white throat — distinct, fine form
and very free ; Fair Rosamond, glossy dark top petals
with slight wire edge of deep rose, orange lower petals
with slight dark stains and lines, white throat ;
Patrician, glossy dark top petals, with slight wire
edge of crimson-rose, rosy-pink lower petals with slight
dark blotches on each, white throat ; Glowworm,
bright scarlet, pure in colour and very striking, dark
blotch on top petals, fine in colour, bold and showy ;
Purpurea, rosy-purple lower petals, glossy dark top
petals with narrow margin of rosy-crimson, white
throat — distinct, flowers a little rough, good habit
and very free ; and Democrat, dark top petals, deep
rosy-pink lower petals, shaded with orange, white
throat — good form.

The following varieties were also shown in very
fine condition, and they may be taken as represent-
ing some of the best of the last year or two : — Con-
fessor, black top petals with narrow rose margin,

bright rose lower petals and white throat— large fine
form and very free ; Retreat, deep rose, deepening to
scarlet, dark spots, white throat— very free and
showy, and a fine variety for house decoration ;
Comet, bright red— very free and fine ; Dido, bright
scarlet : Retreat may be considered an improvement
upon this ; Margaret, a large flower of fine shape,
rosy-purple lower petals, dark top petals, margined
with rosy-purple, white throat— extra fine ; Monarch,
black top petals, edged with crimson, crimson-purple
lower petals, white throat — extra fine ; Royal Review,
lower petals richly painted with crimson, very dark
top petals, with wide edges of crimson — good habit,
very free, extra fine ; Scylla, maroon top petals, pale
rose lower petals, white throat — very free and good ;
Statesman, pale rose lower petals, dark top petals,
margined with rose, white throat— large and fine ; and
Veteran, dark top petals, lively rose lower petals,
white throat— large flower, of fine shape. All the
foregoing are also of Mr. Foster's raising.

Two new fancy varieties of Mr. Turner's raising
were submitted for certificates, and to one the award
was made, viz., Phyllis, deep purplish-rose, each
petal having a wire edge of white, large white throat —
excellent form and very free ; and Murillo, in the way
of the foregoing, but with more of puce in the colour,
white throat, and also edged with white — very free
and good form. During the past few years, new
fancy Pelargoniums appear to have been produced
somewhat sparingly. The striped sport, Dresden
China, was shown on this occasion, very pretty
where the flowers were nicely marked, but with the
customary habit of sports to revert to that from
which it sprang. A singular looking decorative
variety, named Madame Albert Decaris, was also
shown by Mr. Turner, It is of Continental origin,
and has a large white throat, with a broad bright
reddish-rose margin, and the flowers are uniform
throughout, there being the entire absence of anything
like blotches. It is very novel in character, and
decidedly free. R. D.

DOWNTON COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE.

After chatting through a summer evening with
learned Professors, Messrs. Wrightson, Fream, Munro,
and others, and retiring to rest under the same roof
with forty students, all sons of gentlemen, some of
noblemen, training for the business and pursuit of
agriculture — they may make it a science yet, these
energetic well educated young Englishmen, picked as
they are, and as their appearance shows them to be,
from the best of our race — I could not avoid reflecting
on the changes impending in the mananagement of
estates and farms. But the breezes of Wilts are pure
and soporific when inhaled through a long day, and
the quiet of this gentle valley in this chalk range,
brought me the blessing that Henry IV. apostrophised
in vain, and dreams followed, such as the historic
atmosphere of Charford House, which has now been
expanded into Downton College, by means of new
wings and protrusions, would naturally inspire. Pro-
fessor Wrightson occupied the old house and farmed
500 or 600 acres of land around it and took pupils
here, and this formed the nucleus of a college which
is enlarging every year and is likely to do so under bis
able management, even if there were twenty agricul-
tural colleges in England instead of only two. But
this is modern history.

In the Saxon Chronicle of the year 508 A.D., we
read that Cerdic slew a British king that year near
this very spot where the College now stands amid
lawns and meadows, with a boat-house at the outskirts
of the gardens and the Avon — as good a river for boat-
ing as the Cam itself, and affording pike which some-
times serve a numerous party with amazing appetites.
Some of the meadows are watered and made thereby
to produce early and most useful "feed" for the sheep,
but the greater part of the College farm extends across the
slope of the chalk range, and you will reach the rising
ground with five minutes' walking from the College.
Then you may traverse a lane running for more than
a mile through fields of corn, as heavy as you will
find this year, and yet upstanding, kept so by profes-
sional art, by soluble silica, or what else may be
necessary according to the analysis of the soil.

But our history says, that circular embankment
on the hill, enclosing now a clump of trees where
ravens build, is Clayberry Ring. The irrepressible
Romans were busy here on the hills throwing up

46

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

July 12, 1884.

earthworks, but conquering — not colonising, so
that all their records have been effaced except some
roads, some earthworks like Old Sarum, some
grass-grown and tree-covered camps in the hill, like
Claybury Ring, or Whitsbury with the maze in it,
Grimsditch— their work too, I believe— extends from
here across the down towards Salisbury. We have
not finished with Cerdic— may we never have done
with his descendants, of whom the Queen is the latest
reigning representative. In the first page of Green's
History, the battle which was fought in this retired
part of Wilts is mentioned as forming a new point of
departure in the early history of the realm. It gave
us, in fact, our long line of kings and queens— our
present dynasty. Here Cerdic crossed the Avon,
called the Chris'lchurch Avon, and hence, Cerdics-
ford, now abbreviated and altered into Charford.

At this spot then, amid some of the most ancient
and interesting memorials of our history, the old and
the new may be said to meet, for except Cssar's
Commmtaries, few narratives relating to England are
older than the Saxon ChronUk, and on the other
hand none of our institutions are newer and none are
more necessary than the Agricultural College. Its
object is to afford instruction in the art and science of
agriculture by lectures delivered, either in the lecture
room or the field, and by investigations in the
laboratory. Numerous members of the coming race
of landowners, land-agents, and farmers of the better
class, will have reasons to be thankful for the teach-
ing here. I listened to a lecture which expounded
admirably the methods of cultivating a particular
crop — the Turnip — and the use, and abuse too, of the
new manures, whose effect on the soil, permanent or
transient, has been so much discussed recently, and
is at present so little understood by farmers. Farming
has been found a perilous undertaking for Professors
sometimes, but the large farm attached to the College
is as well managed as that of any farmer in Wilts.
There is no breed of sheep peculiar to the county,
but the flock of 1200 Hampshire Down sheep has
been raised to a high level of excellence in a short
space of time, and the flocks that have attained a
higher place after a longer struggle, might be counted
on the fingers. Last year, August 12, lambs born
about New Year's day, sold at £-1, ly. each, a
hundred of them. Cerdic may have paid a farthing
a pound for mutton for his royal table ; we pay
fourteen pence ! but only because our agriculture is
defective. The good teaching which combines
practice with science, will gradually attract a superior
class of farmers with ample capital, and the price of
mutton will be reduced. //. E.

FOf^ESTJ^Y.

Forest Work for the Month.— Young planta-
tions should be carefully looked over during the early
part of the present month, and all rough herbage,
Gorse, Brambles, Ferns, &c., be cleared from around
the plants. Cut Thistles, Docks, and Nettles round
the margins of plantations and along the sides of
drives and roads. This work should be annually
performed on all estates, so as to prevent as much as
possible the dissemination of seeds. In this district
recently planted trees and shrubs have suffered very
severely from the long continuance of dry, warm
weather. In light sandy soils numbers have been
killed outright, while those that have survived so far
look anything but in a promising condition. In the
case of forest planting, at least on an extensive scale,
watering is impracticable and altogether out of the
question, but in the case of shrubs and ornamental
Conifers a good syringing overhead in the evening
may be administered with very satisfactory results.

Mulching the ground surface, as well as encasing
the stems of the rarer trees for a couple of feet in
height with a hay-rope, prevents the too speedy
evaporation of moisture, and is usually attended with
beneficial results. When once watering is started it
must, however, be persevered with at regular inter-
vals until rain sets in.

The pruning and disbudding of forest trees should
be brought to a close with the month, and all branches
removed from the woodlands previous to the young
birds being introduced. Budding may now be suc-
cessfully done, and being useful as well as highly
interesting, should be practised by every young
forester. Untie ligatures from early grafts, and,

where necessary, stake and tie the young shoots.
This is probably the best season for all water-work
operations, such as repairing, deepening, or scouring
drains and watercourses ; piling and embanking
rivers and streams, and, where necessary, draining
ground intended for planting next season. As stated
last month dig, hoe, and clean young hedges, and
mow weeds and grass from the bottom of all live
fences, as the getting up of a close fence near the sur-
face of the ground can only be secured by keeping it
clean and free from weeds. Ornamental hedges of
Laurel, Yew, Box, Laurustinus, &c., may now be
carefully trimmed with the pruning-hook, hedging-
shears, or switching-knife. Have all prunings, espe-
cially of Yew, if practicable, burned on the ground,
as they are pernicious to cattle.

Continue the tarring and varnishing of gates, fences,
and tree-guards, and attend to the painting of out-
buildings, rustic-houses, and seats. Remove blisters
from fencing (iron) previous to using the tar or paint,
and use the brush well down to the ground surface. In
the nursery the chief work will be keeping down
weeds, which there is every facility for doing during
the present dry, sunny weather.

Attend regularly to the watering and shading of seed-
beds, and to such seedlings as have been lined out
during the past season. Turn heaps of Holly, Yew,
and other store seeds, attend to grafts, and prune
lightly where this operation is needed. Compost
heaps may also beturnedandaquantity of lime added,
which not only destroys the germinative powers of
many seeds but acts as a valuable fertiliser a^ well.
As the peeling of Oak is now over for the season no
time should be lost in the removing and lotting of
timber, firewood and branches. Prune dead and
broken branches from trees in the park and policy
grounds, remove by felling or grubbing such trees as
may now be seen to be either dead or dying, and pay
attention generally to the pruning and cleaning of
shrubberies, ornamental fences, and .the interior of
wire or wooden erections used as tree-guards.

Than the present no better time can be chosen for
observing the ravages of insects among our timber
trees, and devising means for their destruction. This
is, unfortunately, a point in forest management by far
too often neglected, the results of which are that in
very many cases serious loss arises from the ravages
committed by these pests in their various forms. It
is by no means uncommon to see trees, especially
Limes, stripped of their branches by the caterpillar of
the Pygsera bucephala, while the bark beetle grub
(Scolytus destructor) and the wood borer (Sirex
juvencus) are equally destructive. To those interested
in this subject one of the many manuals by Miss
Ormerod will prove highly instructive.

Fencing in wood, iron, or stone should now be
pushed forward with vigour, and all damaged fences
strongly repaired. Tree-guards and rabbit-proof
nettings will also require frequent examinations during
the summer months. As previously recommended,
continue the preparation of ground for autumn or
spring planting. Where wet ground is to be planted
in the autumn, no time should be lost in having the
drainage effected. A. D. Webster, Penrhyn Castle,
North Wales,

COLONIAL NOTES.

The Ouchterlony Valley, Southern India.
— Starting from the Nedinuttum plantations by a
bridle path across the intervening grass hills, the
top of the Ouchterlony Valley is quickly reached,
presenting to the observer a series of views of
mountain scenery not to be surpassed anywhere
in Southern India. Flanked on the left by the
rocky, precipitous heights of the upper Nilgiri
plateau, with forest-clad ravines, and gorges down
which dash and foam the numerous mountain streams
and torrents supplying the Pandi River, which after
flowing through a portion of south-east Wynaad, enters
the Nellumboor district, so famed for its Teak forests.

To the right it is bounded by a long spur of low
fertile hills, the sides of which are covered with
flourishing Coffee and Cinchona estates, interspersed
with belts of jungle and primaeval forests. The bridle
path, which runs through the entire length of the
valley, is a most interesting ride to any one possess-
ing a botanical turn of mind, a continuous change
occurring in the variety of vegetation met with as we
descend from an altitude of 5500 feet above sea level
to the lowest point, which is a little over 3000 feet,

At the commencement the scarlet Rhododendrons
form, with the yellow-flowered Hypericum Hookeria-
num, the principal features of the landscape, the
denser jungles having an almost impenetrable under-
growth of a tall-growing Strobilantbes, while most
conspicuous amongst the numerous species of Ferns
is the magnificent Tree Fern, Alsophila latebrosa.
Palms are rare, but species of Dendrocalamus are
plentiful in the jungles, the long canes of which are
greatly in use for basket-work and tying purposes,
and the dwarf Palm, Phcsnix farinifera, grows on
the open grass lands. The principal grasses, utilised
greatly for thatching cattle-sheds and coolie lines, and
for protecting the stems of freshly decorticated Cin-
chona trees, are Andropogon schcenanthus and A,
Martinii.

About half a mile down we pass through the
Balmadies Coffee and Cinchona Estate, where,
although showing signs of being nearly worn out, are
some of the finest Cinchona succirubra and officinalis
in the district, the Coffee calling for no special
remark beyond beating crops above the average
usually attained at a high elevation. A few acres
of Tea are also cultivated.

As we pass through the jungle belts we notice speci-
mens of the Nilgiri Nettle, Urtica heterophylla,
which yields a fibre of considerable value, a sample
of it, forwarded by me to a firm in London,
being valued at £(io per ton. Numerous epiphytal
Orchids occur on the trees, the principal jungle trees
consisting of various species of Diospyros, wild Cin-
namon, Artocarpus, Ficus, &c., the most valuable
timber trees being Black-wood, White Cedar, Jack,
Vengay, and Ben Teak.

The Guynd estate, a magnificent property of 800
acres of Coffee in a highly cultivated condition, is
next reached. Here large numbers of Cinchonas are
planted out amongst the Coffee bushes, great atten-
tion being paid to the valuable C. Ledgeriana. The
usual crop of Coffee is between 200 and 300 tons
annually. Three well-built bungalows are on the
property, and a fine two-storeyed Coffee store, the
pulping-bouse containing the largest pulping ma-
chinery in the district ; this is worked by a huge
water-wheel, christened "The Viceroy" by Lord
Lytton when on a visit to the Ouchterlony Valley
during his sojourn in India. Looking round on such
flourishing properties one can hardly fancy that not a
generation ago nothing was to be seen but dense,
dark jungle, through which the wild elephants,
bison, and numerous herds of spotted deer and
sambur roamed unmolested.

From the adjoining estate, called "Tulloes," there
is a fine panoramic view of South-east Wynaad,
including the Devallah gold-fields and the distant
Vellera Mulla hills, besides numerous outlying Coffee
estates and extensive ranges of grass hills.

The jungles here contain fine specimens of Bam-
busa, including a scandent variety, and an orna-
mental Asparagus of the same nature, the Oak-
leaved Platycerium being also common on the older
forest trees, amongst which are to be seen numerous
black monkeys, green pigeons, and the pretty Malabar
squirrel.

Ipomoea malabarica, the fine purple Cispara
creeper, and Gloriosa superba, are some amongst the
many flowering plants ; a bright scarlet-flowered
Ipomcea growing over a granite rock near the Hope
Bridge proved also very attractive. Small gardens
cultivated by the estate coolies are here and there
observed, containing principally Yams, Sweet
Potatos, Castor-oil, and vegetables used in com-
pounding curries, English vegetables being repre-
sented by Potatos, Cabbage, Carrots, Turnips,
&c. Various kinds of tropical fruits are more
or less plentiful, such as Plantains, Guavas,
Limes, Citrons, Oranges, Shaddocks, Jack-fruit,
Loquats, Pomegranates, and Papaws. The gardens
around the planters' bungalows are generally very
interesting, furnished with highly coloured Iresines,
Alternantheras, and Coleus, as well as Pelargoniums,
Fuchsias, Gardenias, Roses, Crotons, Hibiscus, and
others too numerous to mention. Fine hedges are
formed with Roses, Lantanas, and Datura sanguinea,
and the various species of Thuia thrive remarkably
well. All the bungalows on the Ouchterlony pro-
perty, which is upwards of 50,000 acres in extent,
ate well built with burnt bricks and sawn timber, the
total number of coolies working on the various estates
often exceeding 8000 in number, and altogether over
4000 acres are already under Coffee cultivation,
extension being made annually. Unfortunately this

July 12, 1884.1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

47

fertile region has lately been the source of much
troublesome litigation, owing to the disagreements of
the various partners interested therein, in consequence
of which it is under the ruling of the High Court of
Madras, which conducts all its afiairs through the
medium of a receiver and manager. W. 7. K'emp.

fbitiq mi\i^i

The work in this department now consists chiefly
in maintaining neatness and perfect order ; to ensure
this the various details of labour should be regularly
and frequently performed, such as mowing, sweeping
and rolling turf ; shearing verges, weeding, sweeping
and rolling walks ; clipping hedges ; weeding, stirring
the surface soil, and mulching the beds with tho-
roughly decomposed manure, leaf-soil, cocoa-nut
fibre, or other similar materials ; clipping, pegging,
pinching and tying the various plants into the required
forms and designs, and where the beds are strictly
geometrical and the carpet system of bedding is
adopted, special care should be taken to keep the out-
lines of the patterns strictly accurate, and this cannot
be effected except by daily attention in pinching,
pegging, and training.

To accomplish this properly during the busy season
requires a sufiiciency of labour with which, in these
days of economy, few gardens indeed are well pro-
vided, hence the necessity of adopting a method of
bedding, which while being quite equal if not superior
to that already mentioned, in eflect, does not entail
so much labour in its maintenance. To this end
the more liberal use of flowering plants associated
with those of elegant habit, fine-foliaged plants,
annuals and perennials, as well as the late flowering
bulbs such as Lilies, Gladiolus and Tigridias, so as to
ensure sufficient variety and produce efTects which
shall be more graceful and pleasing, and at the same
time assist in toning down the too brilliant colours,
seems to be the system yearly increasing in favour
and popularity.

Although slight disadvantages may attend this
system, and although in late autumn it may be not
inaptly termed " wild and weedy " — at which time the
carpet beds are at their best — yet it must be admitted,
on the other hand, that the latter does not in the
summer months present nearly so gay and attractive
an appearance as the latter, nor do carpet beds at any
time lose that extreme sameness and formality which
quickly satiates and dissatisfies the frequent onlooker.
To do these mixed borders justice they require liberal
treatment, not only when making their growth, but
also when in bloom, not only by occasional dress-
ings with rotten dung and artificial manures on the
surface, but also by occasional soakings with liquid
manure. By these means the quantity and quality of
their bloom is increased and improved, the period of
their flowering will be considerably extended, and the
brilliancy of their colours considerably intensified.

Roses now require daily attention in clearing off
old blooms, thinning successional buds, and more
especially in destroying insects, mildew, and ether
pests immediately they appear. Aphides have been
unusually plentiful this season, and unless destroyed
instantly they soon cause great injury to the young
shoots and buds. Tobacco-water syringed over the
plants will disperse them, but this neither improves the
appearance of the flowers nor the foliage. After fre-
quent trials with clear water syringed overhead in the
evening at a temperature of 135°, I feel assured no
better antidote to this pest need be sought for, nor are
the expanded blossoms at all injured thereby. Mildew
can only be arrested out-of-doors in dry weather,
and when in an early stage of development ; for this
purpose, sulphur dusted over the foliage in such quan-
tity as to be plainly visible, and allowed to remain for
at least two days, will effectually check its progress.
If from any cause it is removed during that time, the
operation should be repeated.

Lawns and Shrubberies. — The former should
be regularly rolled and mown, but if in dry situations
the least sign of brown turf is visible, the mowing
machine should be dispensed with for a time, and the
scythe only used to remove the quicker growing coirser
grasses as they appear above the ordinary level.
Where the early flowering shrubs, such as Rhodo-

dendrons and Azaleas, have finished blooming, the
dead blooms and seed-pods should be removed. This
operation will strengthen the plants and greatly im-
prove their appearance. Moderate thinning and
pruning, so as to prevent undue crowding, may still
be practised, but on no account do this severely at
this season, otherwise the effect will be very objection-
able. Maintain the strictest cleanliness and order,
neither allowing weeds nor dirt to accumulate, nor
permit dead branches or leaves to remain so as to
offend the eye where everything should be bright and
pleasing. T. S. C.

Onions. — From the middle to the 24th of the
present month will be a good time to make the first
sowing of Onions to come into use in April and May
next ; and again about the middle of next month, for
use in June and July. In cold districts the first
sowing should be made at the beginning of next week,
and in order to secure the best possible results a dry
and rather light soil should be selected in preference
to a damp and heavy one, and the site should be well
exposed to the south and west. The ground should
be liberally manured and deeply trenched, and after-
wards it should be trodden all over, and then roughly
raked, and after receiving a good suriace dusting of
soot should be again raked — this time evenly, and
with a finer tool. The drills should be drawn 12 or
15 inches apart, and I inch deep. The seed should
be sown somewhat thickly and covered, and be
finished off in the same way as spring-sown Onions,
the after-treatment being identical with that given to
the latter. The young plants can be thinned out
when necessary, as required for salading in the
autumn ; they should, however, be left sufficiently
thick in the rows to make allowance for mishaps
during the winter months. The varieties most suit-
able for this sowing are the Queen and Early White
Naples, and these come into use in the order in which
their names appear. The Red and White Tripoli
and Giant Zittau, if sown, as already stated, in the
middle of August, will make a good succession. The
result of these sowings will fill the blank that would
otherwise most probably occur between the bulbs of
the preceding and current year's growth, through that
of the former becoming flabby, and consequently of
little value for culinary purposes, from the bulbs
starting into growth in May and June.

Celery Planting, &c. — The principal plantings
should be made as soon as the ground is available for
the trenches to be got out in the way detailed in a
former Calendar, and before the plants become too
large in the nursery bed, as in that case they
would be subject to a severe check in the process of
transplanting, and subsequently to " piping." The
earlier plantings will now require to be earthed up by
having a little of the soil from the ridges on either
side of the plants cut down with the spade, and then
with the hand placed around the plants, taking care
in doing so that the soil does not get into the hearts
of the plants. But before this operation is proceeded
with the plants should have a few of the outside
leaves, with any suckers that may happen to have
sprung from the crown, removed. Celery being a
moisture-loving vegetable, the plants during dry
weather should have liberal and frequent supplies of
water at the roots ; and Peas, late sowings of which
should be earthed up, sticked and mulched with
rotten dung as soon as the haulms are high enough.
Beans, Cauliflowers, &c., will also need seeing to in
this direction. Shallots and Garlic bulbs should be
taken up as soon as they have completed their growth,
and be stored away in an airy loft when dry.

Parsley Sowing,— This will be a good time to
make a sowing of Curled Parsley in a warm border,
and where part of it can be afforded a little protection
during the presence of frost or snow, so as to be able
to obtain a daily supply of fresh Parsley for garnish-
ing, ^;c., irrespective of the adverse weather. If the
ground destined for this purpose is not vacant at the
time the seed should be sown there need be no em-
barrassment experienced on that account, as a small
patch of it (a square yard or two) sown at the proper
time, and the necessary number of seedling plants
subsequently transplanted in rows 12 or 15 inches

apart and 6 or 7 inches from plant to plant in the
rows, as soon as they are lar^;e enough to handle and
the ground is ready, will answer the purpose just as
well as if the seed had been sown in drills, in the
ordinary way, and the plants afterwards thinned out
to the distance above indicated in the rows.

The MusHROOM-iioi'sE. — Any spent beds which
are still in this structure should be removed forth-
with, the house limewashed, and woodlice, which
are sure to be present in the old beds, destroyed, by
pouring boiling water over them. Horse-droppings
should now be got in readiness for the formation of
fresh beds for the winter supply. In preparing the
droppings care should be taken to see that the
ammonia in the same is not wasted in the process
of drying. The droppings should be spread out
thinly in a dry shed, but not exposed to the
sun, and be turned over for a few days until suffi-
ciently dry to prevent rapid fermentation ensuing';
and when the droppings have become moderately
dry, not parched up. they will be in a fit state for
taking into the Mushroom-house. There they should
be allowed to remain, and be turned over for a few
days, as the droppings will undergo another ferment-
ing process in the house before being beaten down,
which should be done as firmly as possible, and a test-
stick or two put in the beds. One good-sized bed will
be enough at a time, and when the heat, which should
be ascertained by aground thermometer, has declined
to 70°, the spawn, which should be broken into pieces
about the size of bantams' eggs, may be inserted
under the surface of the bed 6 or 7 inches apart, and
a little fresh droppings spread over it ; and when it
has been ascertained that the heat in the bed is not
likely to rise above 70°, it can be covered over in the
usual way with maiden soil, which should be beaten
firmly together with the back of the spade, and in
order to do this the soil should be sufliciently moist at
the time of putting it on the bed to yield to the pres-
sure of the spade. //. W. IVarJ, Longford Castle
Gardens, Salisbury.

Those who have followed our advice in a previous
Calendar, and mulched their Strawberries and bush
fruits, will now see the advantage of so doing, by the
plants better withstanding the drought and almost
tropical sunshine to which which we are daily exposed.
The Strawberry season will be a short one, on account
of the heat, therefore encourage those on north borders
by a liberal soaking, and even Cherries planted last
autumn in the same situation, will need attention in
this respect. There is no difficulty in arranging the
netting to cover the wall and the border at the same
time and to protect both crops. Black Currants will
be ripe enough for preserving in many districts, and
in gathering this and every other fruit for preserving
it should never be allowed to get dead ripe ; when this
is the case, the fruit loses its briskness and the jam
is flat. Let Raspberries be gathered up quite close
every Saturday, for the quiet of Sunday gives the
birds a double advantage unless this is done. The
Apple crop from now onwards suffers from the saw-
fly, the purple weevil, the codling moth, and other
insects in all cases eat the heart of the young fruit,
causing it to drop and sometimes in serious quantities ;
where this is the case they should be picked up
daily, and be burned, to lessen their numbers next
year. Wood-lice and earwigs are most destructive in
dry, warm localities to Apricots and Peaches, tapping
the finest fruit ; bean-stalks stuck in amongst the
branches and blown out daily into scalding water, or
small garden pots filled with hay, will materially
lessen their numbers ; and if ants are numerous, guano
strewn in their runs will drive them farther afield.
Fill a sufficient quantity of small flower-pots with
soil and place them in the Strawberry beds, and on
these place the most promising runners, for the pur-
pose of getting plants to form a new plantation,
preferring those which have been fruitful to layer
from. There is more in this than is generally sup-
posed. Cut out superfluous shoots of Morello
Cherries, and lay in those best placed for next
year's crop, taking care to retain plenty of those
near the stem and centre of the trees, otherwise
they will get bare and unsightly. J, Rust, Eridge
Castle, Sussex,

48

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, iS

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TT!Fcn»v T,.i,T T,. * Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,

1 utbDAY, J uiy 15 I gj protheroe & Morris* Rooms.

Darlington Rose Show,

Flower Show in Jephson Gardens, Leam-
inpton

Bedford Horticultural Society's Show

Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.

Rose Show at the Mansion House, E.C. ■

Carlisle and Border Counties Horticultural
Society's Show (two days).

Sale ol Messrs. Maule's Orchids, at Staple-
ton Road, Bristol, by Mr. J. C, Stevens.

Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

Wednesday, July 16

ThURSDVV, July 17

July 18 I
July 19 J

National Rose Society's Show, at Man-
chester.

WITHOUT in any way wishing to detract
from the interest attaching to the
Health Exhibition — which, indeed, grows daily —
we may yet express the opinion that those who
wish to exhibit a healthy condition in their own
persons are more likely to obtain the desired
result in the garden or in the country than in
the hot and crowded galleries at Kensington.
Some there are who are so fortunate as to be
able to escape from ihtftinutm et opes, strepit-
umgiie Rome?, and still more fortunate those
who can enhance the delight of their holiday
by the pursuit of some cherished hobby. We
have no wish to proclaim our own particular
weakness as the one of all others to give
delight and refreshment to a weary brain, but
at least we may testify to its good effects on
all like-minded with ourselves. Hence, in
these days of rambles in search of health, and
especially in quest of plants, it may not be in-
appropriate to call attention to some of the
approved methods for introducing into our
gardens the gems which cause such pleasure
when we meet with them in the mountain
pastures.

As a rule, only moderate success results
from these efforts to introduce the alpine
denizens. The plants either die outright or lead
an enfeebled existence and eventually succumb.
The reasons for this are neither few nor difficult
to appreciate. Perhaps the sustained power of
endurance possessed by some plants is the
more wonderful. Of this we have an illustration
before us as we write.

The delicious little tufts of Sempervivum
arachnoideum in the rocky clefts at Zermatt
were so tempting that it was as hard to
resist collecting them as it would be to
a child to resist the temptations offered
by a plate of Strawberries. Boxes were
filled, and when their capacity was exhausted
pockets came into requisition. And now for
our tale of endurance. Many months, six at
least, after the plants had been gathered, one
of these said pockets, undisturbed after arrival
at home, chanced to be examined, and in it
was found a little tuft of the Sempervivum
in question — apparently none the worse for its
long seclusion. In fact, it looks worse now
that it has been for some weeks under appa-
rently healthier auspices than when first disin-
terred !

This poor little Stonecrop affords also an
illustration of the difficuhy that exists for the
ordinary tourist, constantly on the move, to
coUectand transmithealthyspecimens. Nodoubt
our experienced correspondent, M. Correvon, is
amply justified in giving the preference to
plants raised from seed, and we had the oppor-
tunity of judging for ourselves of M. Correvon's
success at the Botanic Garden, Geneva, from
which establishment he has since migrated, to
undertake the direction of a " Jardin d'Acclima-
tation " in the same city. Nevertheless, as M.
Correvon himself admits, there are certain
plants which it is more convenient to trans-
plant than to grow from seed, such as Ferns,
Lycopods, Heaths, Pyrolas, Orchids, and others
of slow growth, as well as certain other plants
the seeds of which are difficult to procure and
difficult to raise.

In selecting plants for transplantation M,

Correvon recommends that, where possible,
the plants should be removed from a soil the
conditions of which offer facilities for the removal
of all or the greater part of the roots in an unmu-
tilated condition. As a rule, young specimens
alone should be collected — strong tufts rarely
transplant well, and flower indifferently. The
newcomer must grow to his work. It is, how-
ever, difficult sometimes to find young plants,
as in the case of Azalea procumbens, alpine
Rhododendrons, Dryas octopetala, &c. Seed-
lings of these are rarely found among the old
plants, but in separate colonies, at a distance
from the parent plants, and where they consti-
tute, as it were, miniature forests of their own.
M. Correvon mentions in a letter before us
having found strong seedling plants of Azalea
in moist peaty soil in the clefts and holes of the
rocks, especially in those known as " lappiaz,"
which are hollows in the limestone rocks hol-
lowed out by water or ice.

As to the plants of the alpine meadows and
pasturages — the Gentians, the Primroses, the
Silenes, &c. — young plants are easily found
around the parent tufts, and as easily collected ;
but the case is different with true rock plants,
which thrust their roots to'great depths in the
clefts of the rocks.

Success in transplantation mainly depends
on the period at which it is done. If plants are
uprooted when in flower they are almost certain
to succumb, or to dwindle, when removed to
another spot where the climatal conditions may
be widely different. The poor plant in such
cases is first of all mutilated, and then grown
under strange and more or less unnatural con-
ditions. No wonder if it fail in the struggle
against such an untoward combination of cir-
cumstances.

M. Correvon recommends the period
immediately after the ripening of the seed
as that which is best adapted for trans-
plantation. The^ plant is then comparatively
at rest, and is less injuriously affected by
removal. August and September are, therefore,
good months to select for this purpose, although
some spring - flowering plants, as Gentiana
vema, Soldanella alpina, &c., may be removed
earlier, say in July. During their transit from
the mountain-side every precaution should be
taken to prevent the plants from flagging. We
have ourselves successfully transplanted alpines
in closed bottles, which thus become so many
Ward's cases.

On arrival at their destination the plants
should be placed in a moist, sheltered situation,
and then planted in suitable soil in the locality
selected as best adapted for their requirements.
In some respects our moist climate and vapour-
laden atmosphere offer greater facilities for
successful transplantation than does the trans-
fer from the wet but sunny mountain-side to the
dry and scorching atmosphere of Continental
gardens,

Papaver umbrosum. — Whether this (fig. 13)

is anything more than a variety of the common
field Poppy, P. Rhoeas, may well be doubted,
but this is a matter of indifference to most people,
who will be contented to take the plant on its
own merits without prying too inquisitively into its
origin. The brilliant crimson colour of the petals is
set off by a large blotch of shining black, which pro-
duces a most striking effect. Miiller tells us that the
common field Poppy contains no honey and is more-
over to a large extent, though not exclusively,
fertilised by its own pollen. Assuming this statement
to be correct it is obvious that the presence of the
blotch is likely to be of benefit to the flower or to its
offspring, by the invitation it holds out to insects.
Miiller tells us that the flowers of P. Rhceas are
visited by pollen-eating insects, only as there is no
honey for those who are partial to that substance, it
would therefore be interesting if any reader who has
the umbrosum Poppy in bloom would observe
whether honey is formed therein, as the presence of
the blotch would lead us to infer must be the case.

The fleeting nature of the flower which Burns alluded
to when he declared that

" pleasures are like Poppies spread —
You seize the flower, its bloom is shed,"

is obviated by the abundant succession of flowers.
As an annual of the easiest possible culture, this plant
may be recommended with safety to the humblest
cottager, who with it may produce an effect not to be
excelled by those who array themselves in purple and
fine linen,

A Vine Congress at Chiswick.— From force

of circumstances, not altogether to be regretted, com-
paratively little has been done for practical horticul-
ture in genera], and gardeners in particular, at South
Kensington this summer. This circumstance leads us
to throw out a suggestion for consideration — that a
meeting of practical horticulturists be arranged at
Chiswick in the coming autumn. As there must be
some inducement to come, we would suggest an exhi-
bition (not competitive) of various Grapes, with a view
to ensure correctness of nomenclature, the bunches to
be accompanied in all cases with samples of the foliage.
A conference might be arranged to discuss subjects of
never failing interest to gardeners connected with
Vine culture, such as the construction of borders, the
cause and prevention of shanking, the various methods
of training, the management of pot Vines, and any-
thing else connected with the Vine. We do not
pretend to have elaborated any scheme, but we
make the proposal in the assurance that, at least, it is
worthy of consideration.

Anomatheca cruenta in East Tropical

Africa. — Mr, W, Mitten, the eminent bryologist,
has just raised Anomatheca cruenta from seeds
brought by Bishop Hannington from the Usagura
Mountains. The tropical specimens agree pre-
cisely with the Natal plant, as figured in Bot. Reg.,
t. 1639.

Phylloxera vastatrix. — There are at the

Health Exhibition, south gallery, at the Austro-
Hungarian stand, the " Weinlaube," some specimens
of this insect in several stages o{ development on
roots and foliage. These should be of interest to
cultivators of the Vine in this country, as they fre-
quently are alarmed by the quite innocent but ab-
normal appearance on leaf and root of their plants,
and here there is the chance of becoming optically
acquainted with the devastator. The stand is the
property of the Government School of Lower Austria
for Pomology and Viticulture at Klosterneuberg— a
"berg " which grows some of the choicest wine to be
found in the country,

Beware of Mildew, — It is scarcely neces-
sary to say that fungoid parasites differ in their re-
quirements in the matter of moisture as do other
plants ; some, like the dreaded Potato devastator,
need a hot reeking atmosphere to bring their spores
into active growth ; others, like the moulds that
attack Peas, Roses, and various other things, are
most destructive in their effects in dry seasons when
the atmosphere contains little moisture, and when the
plants on which they thrive are languid through
wanting enough water in the soil. It is thus that in
dry seasons like the present, perpetual Roses often
so far fail, after the first bloom is passed through
the attacks of mildew, as to do little towards main-
taining the character they have for successional
flowering ; and when the rows upon which rest
the hopes of having Peas so late in the autumn
that they are then even a greater rarity than in the
early spring get their leaves white with mould, there
is small chance of much crop, for even if plenty of
moisture subsequently falls from the clouds the mildew
once fairly established holds its own. The best pre-
ventives to parasitic attacks on Roses and Peas are
plenty of root moisture, with equally sufficient manu-
rial sustenance ; where both these are abundantly
supplied the mould is much less likely to put in an
appearance. Copious drenchings of the roots, with
mulching to diminish evaporation, are requisite ;
where these essentials are deficient, and the want is
not promptly made good, there is not much prospect
this season of late Roses or late Peas,

Vine Roots in Dry Seasons, — Those who

are well versed in Grape growing are not in need of
being reminded about the quantity of water which

July 12, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

49

Fig. 13. — PAPAVER UMBROSUM. (SEE P. 48.)

healthy Vines in full vigour will not only take, but
must have, during the growing season, particularly
whilst the formation of shoots and leaves and the
swelling of the fruit is going on. But there are many
engaged in the cultivation of this fruit whose years, or
experience, are insufficient to enable them to fully
understand the wants of Vines in this respect ; beyond
this so much has been said and written as to half the ills
that aflfect Vines being attributable to the roots being
wet, that a mischievously erroneous impression often
prevails on the matter. Those who for any length of
time have annually had an opportunity of seeing the
results of Grape cultivation in numbers of places in
various parts of the kingdom, where the rainfall

varies in amount, from that which occurs in the
southern counties to double or more, know that, soil
and treatment being equal, there is much less
shanking met with in the moister localities,
with better finish in the matter of colour than in the
drier districts — further than this, the Vines last longer.
This points to the necessity of giving more water to
outside borders in such seasons as the present, when
all the conditions tend in one direction, that is, to
an exceptionally dry state of the soil ; for it is neces-
sary to bear in mind that not only has there been
much less than the usual amount of rain in most parts
of the kingdom during the present summer and
spring, with the consequent drier condition of the

air daily drawing a more than ordinary amount of
moisture out through the countless pores of the leaves
of strong vigorous Vines, but, in addition to this, the
soil, both surface and substratum, was very much
drier to commence with at the end of winter than
usual, the outcome of which is such that unless water
is given in proportionately greater quantities the want
will tell its own tale on the late crops. With fair
drainage there is little danger of overdoing the work
by giving too much. In cases where the soil in which
the roots are placed is at all poor, manure-water of
some sort will be of much use, and covering the
border with fresh horse-droppings before applying
the water will be equally beneficial.

50

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July i2, 1884.

Industrial Training.— "The Englishman

has yet to learn that an extended and systematic
education up to and including the methods of original
research, is now a necessary preliminary to the fullest
development of industry." These words were quoted
at the opening of the new Technical School at South
Kensington, and they apply with singular force to
horticulture. With a few exceptions, there are no
means and resources in this country open to young
gardeners desirous of learning the principles of their
profession. The state of horticultural literature
evidenced by many of the books which appear in the
market, however excellent from a practical point of
view, is from that of scientific principles simply
scandalous.

Subterranean Seed-vessels. — There are a

few cases — of which the Cyclamen, Trifolium subterra-
neum, andArachis hypoga^aare perhaps the best known
— in which the unripe seed-vessel is thrust into the
ground, there to mature its seeds, place them out of
danger from predatory birds, and sow them in the most
favourable conditions for germination. A short time
ago, in uprooting a common Primrose which had
come up as a wilding in a frame intended to be used
for the growth of Vegetable Marrows, we were sur-
prised to find, in addition to a number of seed-pods
borne on erect stalks of the ordinary character, some
five or six which were buried some 2 inches deep in
the soil, owing to the downward curvature of the
stalks. The capsules, instead of being dry and more
or less membranous, were soft and succulent, although
so thin that on exposure they rapidly became dry, so
that after a short time, but for the curvature of the
stalks, nothing particular would have been noticed.
We are not aware whether this peculiarity has been
noticed before in the Primrose.

New Tuberous-rooted Begonias.— One

may well ask. What is to be the future of this popular
flower ? What an advance in point of size and sub-
stance could be seen in the flowers of the new varieties
shown by Messrs. Laing & Co., of Forest Hill, at
a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Some of them must have measured from 5 to 6
inches in diameter, they were stout in proportion
and of the finest form. The most enthusiastic
believer in the possibilities of the tuberous-rooted
Begonias ten years ago, could scarcely have antici-
pated such a development in 1884. The two fine
varieties awarded First-class Certificates were charac-
terised by striking novelty of character ; they were
Her Majesty, white, or the most delicate flesh, with
a regular and well defined margin or edge of bright
pink — very distinct and pleasing ; and Torey Laing,
deep gold shaded with orange — a decided advance
in respect of this colour. Lady Chesterfield, pinkish-
rose ; White Perfection, pure white — very fine ; Lord
Crewe, brilliant crimson ; and Fireball (double),
bright scarlet, were very fine also, but the flowers of
some of them had unfortunately become damaged in
course of transit to South Kensington. The Begonia
will soon, if it does not already, rival the Pelargo-
nium as a subject for exhibition. Of its decorative
value there can be no possible cause for doubt.

A Beekeepers' Association kor Middle-
sex.— An effort was made rather more than a year
ago to .start a county association, the headquarters
being at Ealing, and the Association under strictly
local government. This being found altogether in-
adequate as a fair representation of the county, a
representative meeting of beekeepers and others
interested in the work took place recently in the
rooms of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals, Jermyn Street, the Hon. and Kev. H.
Bligh, Vicar of Hampton, in the chair, the Rev, H,
R. Peel, of the British Beekeepers' Association, being
also present, there being a good attendance of those
interested in the movement. The Chairman slated that
while there was a county association in nearly every
one of the counties of England and Wales, there was
none in Middlesex. He recommended such an exten-
sion of the Association as would make it county in
fact. It was the business of the British Beekeepers'
Association, whose assistance they had on this occa-
sion, to work up the counties ; the county association
would act on the districts, and the districts set bee-
keeping going in the parishes. The Chairman trusted
one result of the formation of the Associa-
tion would be that a honey market would be
opened in London similar to that at Reading.
In reference to this market it was stated that it bad

proved most successful under the management of the
Rev. H. V. MoYLE, and that Messrs. Huntley &
Palmer, the eminent biscuit makers, had com-
menced the manufacture of honey drops, a small
biscuit in which honey was employed instead of
sugar, and that they could use z tons of honey weekly.
New rules were adopted, and an influential com-
mittee formed. The secretary is Mr. Fox Ken-
worthy, of 55, Coleman Street, E.C.

Manure Water for Pot Plants. — The

advantages of manure, applied in a liquid state,
whereby nutriment is at once put, as it were, within
reach of the feeding roots of plants, are well known.
But its use is presumably not always carried so far as
with advantage it might be. There are few things
that are not benefited by it, especially when their
roots are confined within the limited space of a pot,
where necessarily they have no chance of feeding for
themselves in the way open to them when they can
spread out as is their nature. One advantage in
applying manure in this way, rather than in a solid
form intermixed with the soil at the time of potting,
is that in the latter way, if enough is given to sustain
the plants so long as the roots are to remain in the
soil within the pot, more must be used than is well
for them to have access to all at once. With
such plants as require liberal feeding the double
course of mixing some solid manure with the
potting soil, and of supplementing this with
manure-water, is usually followed with satisfactory
results. Another of the advantages of using
manure-water to as great an extent as the nature of
the kinds of plants to which it is given will bear, is
that much smaller pots will suffice than where depend-
ence wholly or in a great measure is put on solid
manure, as the necessary sustenance can in this way
be supplied without more extended root-room. This is
especially the case with soft-wooded plants, particu-
larly such as are grown up quickly for flowering in
the autumn or winter from cuttings or seeds put in
the preceding winter or spring. In all cases where
manure-water is to be given, its application should
not be so long deferred as to allow the soil to get
too poor to keep up free growth, the want of which
is sure to tell in the want of size the plants will show,
with a corresponding inability to yield the full quan-
tity of flowers they would were their wants better
attended to. Quick growing plants need more food
to build up their rapidly developed shoots and leaves,
and naturally exhaust the moisture in the soil in pro-
portionately little time, requiring the application of
water daily, or all but daily, in dry summer weather,
the result of the use of which is that much of the
manurial elements in the soil get washed away through
the bottom of the pots, leaving the roots with insufli-
cient food unless it is supplied to them in the form of
surface-dressing in a concentrated form, or by the
application of manure-water, the last of which, when
given strong enough, but not too strong, for the
plants to bear, and at the right time, is the most cer-
tain means of having quick growing things in the best
condition, and is equally effective with such as are of
a more enduring description.

Window Gardening at Westminster.

— The eighteenth annual flower show, under the
auspices of the Society for Promoting Window Gar-
dening among the Working-classes in the united
parishes of St. Margaret and St. John, Westminster,
took place in the pleasant enclosure of the Dean's
Yard on the 3d inst. It may be stated that the
operations of the Society extend over nine districts,
the two parishes being thus divided for exhibition
purposes. The plants were all taken to a .iichool-room
in each district, and duly registered on the 27th of
May last, and this is done in order that there should
be no doubt as to the plants remaining under the care
of the exhibitors until the day of exhibition. The
plants are then taken to the show-tent, and on
delivering the plants each exhibitor receives a number
which he places on the pot, and a corresponding
number which he retains, and on producing this
number at the close of the exhibition the plant is
delivered up to him ; and no exhibitor can take
more than one prize at the show. There was
an immense number of plants brought together,
and they were arranged in groups according to
their several districts, but unfortunately so numer-
ous were they that they were thickly huddled
together, and the judges must have had great diffi-
culty in selecting fitting subjects for their awards.

One very interesting group was shown by the patients
of Westminster Hospital. Fuchsias were largely
shown, some trained to home-made trellises, looking
like huge kites, and they must have occupied con-
siderable space. They were drawn to a front, as if
one side only had been presented to the light. There
were very good Creeping Jennies, some capitally
bloomed Nasturtiums, Gladiolus (a few), Carna-
tions with single flowers, the variegated Japanese
Honeysuckles, Cyperus alternifolius, Virginian
Creeper, boxes of Mignonette, Begonias, Sedumacre,
plenty of Pelargoniums, good Indiarubber plants,
Mimulus, Agave americana. Chrysanthemum frutes-
cens, Houseleeks, Myrtles, Southernwood, Aspidistra
lurida, Ornithogalum longebracteatum, and here and
there, as if the aesthetic tastes of the day had descended
to Brown's Rents or Bakehouse Alley, Sunflowers. Two
plants of Sunflower growing out of a carpet of Migno-
nette, had developed a flower-bud each, but the leaves
had died away one by one. The healthiest and best
grown plants came from the districts of St. James the
Less, Holy Trinity, and St. Stephens. Peabody
Buildings came out well, several prizes going to the
inmates of these, and this fact seems to say something
respecting the value of improved dwellings for the
working classes. We wonder whether, in the case of
such a competition, the judges take into consideration
the character of the locality in which the plants are
grown ? It must be much more difficult to grow a
plant in a darksome crowded alley than in the lighter
and clearer atmosphere that surrounds the much more
elevated pile of Peabody Buildings. In all respects
it was a most interesting exhibition, and hundreds of
children visited the show and frisked about on the
grass plot, enjoying a romp in the quiet, respectable
enclosure of the Dean's Yard.

Premature Fall of Leaf. — An interest-
ing article by Mr. W. G. Smith on the fungus
which is attacking Yew trees in Cornwall, and
which is now very actively at work at Sibbertoft,
has called my especial attention to the fact that
the lawn here is as thick with fallen leaves as it
is in autumn. A large \'ew tree in front of the
vicarage is suffering from the identical fungus, and
tens of thousands of leaves are scattered over the sub-
jacent ground. The leaves of Apple trees especially
are falling, in a very few cases only, from an attack
of the Hawthorn blight, the conidia of the genus
Podosphseria, but in the majority of cases from a
marked defect of chlorophyll, so that the leaves are
curiously mottled. I have, however, observed the
same in former years. I find the Sphrerella taxi
principally on the under - surface of the Yew
leaves, and most abundant on the parts where
the chlorophyll has either not been exhausted, or
better developed— a matter which has been observed
in the parasitic Sph^sriaceae, as for example in S.
fimbriata. The leaflets of Walnut trees, and even
the leaves themselves, are equally deciduous, and, as
with the Apple leaves, there is a great want of
chlorophyll. In most cases the upper portion of each
leaflet is dead and brown, but from what cause I am
at present unable to say, as they were not noticed in
an early stage of growth, but possibly from a low
temperature when young. AI, J. B.

" As Hot as India."— We have frequently

heard lately the opinion expressed that the weather
has been '* as hot as India." A vague expression,
considering that India comprises mountains thousands
of feet above the snow line, as well as '.the parched
plains of Sindh or Bengal. Presuming, however,
that the speakers generally mean to speak of the
lowlands of India, it may be interesting to note,
that in 1SS3, on the (Jueen's birthday. May 24,
the temperature at Madras was 107^7 in the shade.
The coldest temperature in Madras in 1SS3 was
61'', on December 28.

. Queensland.— Under the title of Contribu-
tions lo the Flora of Qiiccnslamtyix. P. A. O'Sha-
nesy publishes a reprint of some newspaper articles
descriptive of the flora of various parts of the colony,
with special articles on Queensland Eucalypts and
grasses. As to the latter, the author shows that it is
not necessary to go beyond their own farms to find
grasses for cultivation better suited to the climate than
the introduced grasses. This is a point to which we
have frequently ventured to direct the attention of
colonists, and we arc glad to find Mr. CShanesy
confirming the view of the importance of endeavouring
to develope the natural resources of the country by

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

51

selection and cullivatioD, as well as by introduction of
foreign products. The keen eye of an intelligent
observer, combined with a little patience in experi-
menting, will do wonders. We repeat our often
tendered advice to colonial societies, to offer
inducements In this direction rather than for the
importation of European novelties. Mr. O'Sha-
nesy's chapters are interesting and suggestive,
but they greatly stand in need of competent
botanical revision, and we demur altogether to the
first sentence of the chapter entitled " Epitome of
Botany for Beginners " (in itself a misleading title),
and which opens thus — " Botany is a description of
plants." Mr. O'Shanesy's own pages show that
botany is vastly more comprehensive and useful than
that expression would imply. The pamphlet may be
had from Messrs. Lovell Reeve & Co.

Charcoal for Packing Seeds.— We are

glad to find the Agri-Horticultural Society of Madras
confirming our statement as to the inefficiency of
packing seeds in charcol for transit on long voyages
involving variations of climate. Package in damp
mould firmly pressed down is far preferable.

Unseasonable Blossoming. — Every year

we receive specimens of Pears blooming out of season,
and among these Napoleon is the most frequent. The
period of flowering is, however, not the only point of
interest ; another may be found in the circumstance
that the fiowers in question are formed, not on
" spurs," but at the ends of long wood shoots of this
year's growth. These flowers are, in fact, formed on
this year's wood, and must derive their food from the
older branch out of which they issue. They flower
out of season because the branch which bears them,
instead of assuming the appearance of a spur, lengthens
into a shoot. The spur is a reservoir of nutriment
destined for a resting period, just as a tuber or a seed
is. Such formations therefore indicate a resting period
brought about by drought, by cold, or some other
cause. It would be interesting to ascertain whether
Pears, such as the Napoleon, having this tendency in
excess, originated from varieties grown in districts
where vegetation is not so subject to checks as it is
in this climate ; and, again, whether such varieties
should not be selected for growth in warm countries.
We do not, however, lay much stress on these points,
as the common Laburnum is very subject to similar
unseasonable flowering. Probably if the hot, dry
period we have lately passed through be succeeded by
a rainy autumn season we may have to chronicle
numerous such cases. But as it is, we observe an
instance of a Ghent Azalea in our garden producing a
second crop of distorted bloom,

"Conspectus Flor.e Europ.e.-e."— It is

not long since we announced the publication of Mr.
Nyman's valuable catalogue of European plants,
and now we have to record the publication of a
supplement containing the Ferns and allied plants,
the Charas, and a complete index of species, varieties,
and synonyms, which add immensely to the value of the
book. Another supplement is promised, for additions.

Solanum Commersoni. — Mr. Burbidge

kindly sends us a specimen of this plant, lately rein-
troduced under the name S. Ohrondi. The foliage is
only slightly hairy, unequally pinnatisect ; the seg-
ments oblong, crenulate, the terminal one broadest.
The purple flowers are borne in cymes on long slender
stalks, the sepals ovate, abruptly acuminate half the
length of the purplish lanceolate petals. The anthers
open long before the projecting style is ready for ferti-
lisation ; the plant offers thus facilities for cross-ferti-
lisation, for there seems to be little chance of the
flower being fertilised by its own pollen.

New Maples of Japanese Origin. —

These handsome foliage half trees are now in the
hands of some members of the nursery trads in con-
siderable numbers, but still are seldom met with in
gardens. The fault is with the trade itself, as in its
haste to propagate and sell a great many weaklings
are disposed of, which perish during the first hard
wmter, or become so injured that they make no satis-
factory progress for a series of years. If such plants
come into the possession of a gardener, instead of put-
ting them in permanent positions at once the better plan
would be to place them in a sheltered part of the reserve
garden or in the kitchen garden, where they could
have the very necessary care and protection in winter.
Groups of them will get planted in time, which will

add great richness of colour to summer foliage in the
garden and home park, and also to that of autumn, as
Maples mostly die off in beautiful colours, and these
Japan species are no exception to the rule. The
laclniated leaved section ought to make striking
edgings to beds of other shrubs or tall flowers, as
they have none of the robustness of the indigenous
species, and would bear cutting-in without injury so
as to form a regular outline.

The Season.— We are indebted to Mr.

Glaisher for the following summary of the climatal
features at Blackheath for the last few months :—

RainftiU in incties {six vioitt/is.)

Inches. Average.

January .. 1.77 .. i.83

February .. 1.50 .. 1.59

March .. 1.37 .. 1.54

April .. 1. 13 .. 1.75

May .. o 1^4 .. 3.^6

June .. 3.11 ,. a.oo

8. Si 10.82

De&ciency for six mouths, 3.01 inches.

The mean temperature of the air for April was 45°. r,
being I** to 2° below the averages of 113 years and forty-
three years respectively ; it was r"./ lower than in 1883,
2^.8 lower than in 1882, and o°.8 lower that in i88r.

The mean temperature of the air for May was 54°.3,
being 4^.8 and i°.6 above the averages of 113 years and
forty-three years ; it was i°.2 higher than in 1883, o°.2
lower than in 1882, and o°.2 higher than in i83i.

The mean temperature of the air for June was 57^6,
being o°.6 and 1°. 3 below the averages of 113 years and
forly-three years respectively ; it was 1^.4 lower than in
18S3, i".! higher than in 1882, and t^.i lower in i88r.

The mean temperature for the quarter was 42°.3, being
o°.i above the average of 113 years, and 0^.8 below the
average of forty-three years.

The mean high day temperatures of the air in April
was 54". 3, being 3^.3 lower than the average of forty-
three years ; in May it was 65°. 8, being r\6 higher than
the average, and in June it was 67°. 2, being 3^.7 lower
than the average.

The mean low night temperature of the air in April
was 37°.i. being 2* lower than the average of forty-
three years ; in May it was 43°. 8, being o^ i higher than
the average ; and in June it was 50". 3, being 0^.4 higher
than the average.

Algin, — Mr. Stanford, in a recent paper

at the Society of Arts, calls attention to a product
from seaweeds, to which he gives the above name. It
is a glutinous substance, obtained from various Lami-
nariae, Fuci, &c., and contains nitrogen. It dissolves
in weak alkalies, but is insoluble in boiling water,
and does not coagulate by heat, as albumen, to which
it is otherwise allied, does. It is used for sizing
fabrics, as an article of food, containing 3.7 per cent,
of nitrogen ; useful for thickening soups, or in the
manufacture of jujubes, lozenges, &c.

A Warning against cheap Green Peas.

—Dr. Muter, of the South London Central Public
Laboratory, cautions the public, through The Times,
against certain green Peas which are sold in large
quantities at a cheap rate in the poorer neighbour-
hoods. Samples have been sent in to the South
London Central Public Laboratory, both by the
magistrate's order and by a private consumer who
was attacked after eating them with sickness
and diarrhoea. They are affected by a fungoid
growth (revealed by the microscope) on the inner
surface of the testa or outer coating of the seed.
When simply boiled with water they have a sickly
pale green colour, with yellowish spots, but when
cooked in water containing a little soda they develope
deep violet-brown markings, and on keeping give off
a pungent odour quite peculiar. Any one buying
cheap or shelled Peas would be wise to put a small
fragment of common washing soda in the water they
are boiled in, and, if the above described appearances
develope, reject them without hesitation.

A Plague of Aphides. — Such springs as

that we have recently passed through are proverbial
for being favourable to the increase of aphides. The
condition to which the young growth of most plants
on which they thrive is reduced by the long-continued
chilling easterly winds evidently favours their increase
much better than the quick vigorous development of
growth in genial weather. When the growth of
plants is in a languid state the sap is better suited to
the requirements of animal parasites of most kinds
than when the extension of shoots and leaves is more
rapid. This is evident, for a low chilly temperature

in itself is by no means conducive to insect develop-
ment, especially aphides, which show their preference
for a genial atmosphere by the way they keep on
increasing, even in the winter months, in the kindly
warmth of a greenhouse. This spring all the condi-
tions favourable to their appearing in quantities
approaching that of a plague were present. We had
no frost through the entire winter sufficient to destroy
the breeding stock out-of-doors ; Roses on walks,
and other sheltered places, scarcely ceased growing ;
an examination of the green prominent buds of many
plants on which aphides feed and increase at the
latter end of winter disclosed their presence in num-
bers sufficient to give forecast of what was coming.
So ravenous have these plant-lice been in the present
season that they have attacked numbers of plants not
usually affected with them ; the young shoots of Ivy
on walls in many places have been completely
smothered with them, to the destruction or malforma-
tion of the first formed leaves, whilst herbaceous
plants of many kinds seldom attacked have equally
suffered by their presence. Even weeds of several
kinds are swarming with them. As to fruit trees,
especially Plums and Currants (black, as well as red
and white), their condition is as bad as it could be ;
in the case of Currants of all kinds the leaves in many
places promise to fall before the fruit is ripe, which,
coupled with the drought, will reduce its size much
below the average. The demand for t,>uassia amongst
the Hop growers is such, we understand, as to have
caused the price to run up to nearly double its usual
amount. To those who note what occurs in exceptional
seasons, and act accordingly, there is always something
to be learned, or that which has been before taught
further impressed. " Prevention is better than cure."
If Roses, and other climbing plants, on buildings and
in other sheltered places where the vermin escape
through such winters as the past in more than usual
numbers, were given, as soon as pruned, a thorough
washing with the syringe or garden-engine with
tobacco or Quassia-water, Gishurst, or even good
drenchings with soapy water from the wash-house,
repeated once or twice, not only would the plants on
which the insects are lurking be in a great measure
freed from them through the spring, but many other
things to which they spread would be less affected,

The Millionth of an Inch, — One of Sir

Joseph Whitworth's feats was the construction of
a measuring machine designed to ensure the similarity
between gauges. So delicate is this machine that it
will record differences in size to the one-millionth of
an inch. An idea of this infinitesimal measure may
be obtained by supposing the thickness of a piece of
thin French writing-paper divided 4000 times.

Hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.

— One of those interesting and instructive exhibits of
these plants, from Messrs. C. Lee & Sons' Arbo-
retum at Isleworth, was set up by Mr. Wright, the
manager, at the exhibition of the Chiswick and Turn-
ham Green Horticultural Society on the 3d inst.
There were a large number of specimens of most
valuable and useful things. Set up in an admirable
manner, and illustrative of the wealth of subjects at
service for the decoration of pleasure-grounds, &c.
Among them were Alnus campestris latifolius, finely
coloured Golden Elders, ^iisculus aurea, Acer Negundo
variegata, Castanea vesca aurea magnifica, *,)uercus
Concordia, Acercolchicumvar. rubra, Alnus imperialis,
Acer Schroederi, Robinia angustifolia elegans, Alnus
glutinosa aurea, Sambucus laciniata variegata, Populus
canadensis aurea, Ligustrum ovalifolium variegatum,
Persica purpurea, -Esculus laciniatus, Fraxinus aucu-
ba^folia, andCorylusAvellana purpurea. The foregoing
by DO means exhausts the collection, which was of a
widely representative character, and distinctly striking.

Outdoor Vines. — One of the most remark-
able effects of the recent heat has been found in the
luxuriant growth made by outdoor Vines, although in
a particular instance, in which some half-dozen kinds
are concerned, the soil about the Vines has been
literally of the dryest, so that surface crops were
nearly roasted up. Very largely the soil is exhausted
by the roots of larger trees, which penetrate beneath
the wall upon which the Vines are growing, and come
up and impoverish the surface soil. Yet, in spite of
these drawbacks, conditions that might have been
expected to check growth in the Vines, they have
made splendid shoots many feet in length, and have
produced large glossy leafage ; yet not a drop of

52

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 1884.

water have the roots had beyond such as one of the
dryest seasons on record has afforded. The Vines are
of several years' planting, and therefore do not possess
that youthful vigour always seen in plants more
recently propagated. We are so very much accus-
tomed to associate with vigour in Vines ample
moisture to the roots, that an incident of this kind
would seem to show that, after all, the best conditions
of culture are not those commonly received. Perhaps
Vine roots have power to extract moisture from the
soil which many other tree or plant roots may not
possess, and rather revel in such root conditions if
the plants themselves are in ample warmth. The
most successful results of Continental Vine culture are
doubtless found where the greatest warmth and pro-
tection are associated with ample root-space and very
free drainage in the soil. That we may ever again
see in this country a return to the old wine-producing
days is improbable. Such a season as the present
may give to us all the conditions we desire, but two
such seasons may not be anticipated in succession ;
perchance the next one may be wet and cold — the
very opposite of the present.

Pentstemons.— We find in these biennials—

indeed, they might almost be termed annuals and
perennials also— a class of border flowers always much
fancied, yet not widely grown. It may be that some
of this lack of common culture is due to the compara-
tive absence of that robustness which will carry the
plants safely through a hard winter ; or perchance too
largely the colours of the flowers have not always been
of a striking kind, and perhaps something is due to
the fact also, that these are not well adapted for
cutting. On the other hand, a big bed of Pentstemons,
when in bloom, as the plants now are, forms a very
interesting and exceedingly pleasing feature in any
garden, and in good holding soil the bloom is for a
long time continued. We can get a good show of
Pentstemons from seed easily, and if seed be sown
under glass in March, so that the seedlings may be
planted out early in June, a very fine show of bloom
will result in the autumn, such as cannot be too
highly prized- Then, should the winter prove
generous, the following season will give a remarkable
abundance of flowers, and many plants may continue
to exist for a lengthened period. Still, so easily can
seedlings be raised, and so well do good kinds
reproduce good seedlings, that no plant need be
retained longer than the second year, whilst exception-
ally good kinds may easily be perpetuated through
cuttings. No doubt, in the past, we have endured too
much in the Pentstemon of these dull heavy red or
purplish-red tints, that kept the flowers from being
regarded with favour. Now, we may not only have
plenty of very charming, bright, pleasing hues of
colour, but very fine flowers with either pure white
or elegantly pencilled throat, and produced on large
bold spikes. It is a good time to sow seed now for
the production of bloom next year.

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 7, 1884, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has varied greatly in different parts
of the kingdom. In most of the English districts it
has been fine and warm, though towards the close of
the period some sharp thunderstorms and heavy local
rains were experienced. A thunderstorm occurred at
the same time in the south of Scotland also. In
Ireland and the west of Scotland it has been
cloudy or dull, with rather frequent falls of rain,
while in the east and north-east of Scotland
a thick wet fog or mist has prevailed. The tem-
perature has been about equal to the mean in " Scot-
land, E.," but from 1° to 4° above it in all other
districts. The maxima were generally registered on
the 4th, and varied from 69° in " Scotland, E.," to
86° in "England, S.,"87° in the "Midland Coun-
ties," and 88° in " England, E." The minima,
which were recorded during the earlier days
of the period, ranged from 42° in "Ireland, S.,"
and 43° in the "Midland Counties," and "Scot-
land, E.," to 51° in " England, N.E.," and 54
in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has been a
little less or about equal to the mean in " Scotland,
N.," "England, E.," the "Midland Counties,"
"England, S.," "England, N.W.," and " Ireland,
S.," but more elsewhere. Bright sunshine shows a
marked decrease in " Scotland, E.," and a slight
decrease in nearly all other places. The percentage
of possible duration varied from 54 in the " Channel
Islands"and 52 in "England, S.,"and " England, E.,"
to 22 in " Ireland,N.,"and8in Scotland, E." Depres-
sions observed : — Beyond a few shallow " thunder-
storm " depressions which passed over our islands
during the latter part of the period, and a deeper
disturbance which moved northwards over the west of
Ireland on the 7th, there have been no depressions
worthy of notice. Barometric readings have been,
as a rule, exceedingly uniform, and the wind gene-
rally light and variable on all our coasts.

j4o/y1E j!!J0RRE3P0p^DEp^CE.

Papaver Hookeri. — Seed of this showy annual
was kindly sent to me by the distinguished botanist
whose name it bears. It was sown in the open ground
under a south wall in April, and is now in full flower.
It grows from 2 feet to 3 feet high. In general appear-
ance the plant is not unlike the common field Poppy
(P. Rhceas), but the leaves are more slender and the
branches more upright. The flowers in size and shape
come very near those of P. Rhceas. The colour is
most varied — from dark red to light rose and white.
Some are quite single, and some the fullest double.
The double rose and white are the most attractive,
and I am marking the best flowers, from which I
shall save seed, to see whether a large proportion of
the seedlings follow the colour and habit of the parent.
C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire, July 3.

Notes from a Buckinghamshire Garden :

yune 29. — In the clear darkness of these June nights
a strangely lovely sight may be enjoyed on the lawn
under the old Acacia tree. Millions of fallen blossoms
whiten all the turf. From a little distance one would
think it to be a sheet of snow that lies so white around
the tree, melting into grey at the edges. Nearer it is
snow no more — it is a veil of the richest lace. The
pattern is intricate and very delicate, yet none can
doubt that a true pattern there is of the most beautiful
design ; others who come to see it feel at once as I do
— that this is no scattering'anyhow of Acacia blossoms,
but that the little Pea-flowers have formed as they

Fig- 14.— floral pattern.

fell into bosses and leaves and parallel lines of perfect
symmetry. Old Spanish lace, or Flemish point, are
often seen of a pattern whose outline (for the outlines
are not filled in as with lace) might be compared
to this very flower-lace in miniature. There is the
same kind of design also sometimes in Indian rugs, or
in the older work of Persian looms. As the darkness
deepens upon the dusky grass more vividly glows out
the pure white flower pattern. I have tried to trace
something like it on paper, but find the task of copy-
ing in the dark to be well-nigh an impossibility.
With the morning light comes a change and a sad
falling off'. Snow, and lace, and Persian tapestry,
have somehow gone away — nothing remains but a
thin covering of shrunken, faded Acacia blooms
upon the grass. One can scarce believe that,
with the evening shades, will certainly again
appear in perfect whiteness, distinct and fair,
the lovely tracery of flowers. Again at night-
fall the same attraction draws me to the same
spot on the lawn under the old Acacia, and once more
I try to preserve with paper and black chalk some
clumsy record of its wonders. And more than ever
am I curious to know if it is all chance — if, as some
would have one believe, it is only the natural inclina-
tion of the human eye to form patterns out of nothing
particular ; or if by some fixed law of Nature petals
and blossoms must, as they rain down from the tree,
softly drop into symmetrical patterns, in the same way
as snow, in greater perfection, has to crystallise into
stars and wheels and diamond shapes ; or as frost
upon a window-pane, in never-ending variations of
exquisite inflorescence; or as sea-sand arranges its
myriads into circling patterns under the tremulous
influence of music. Other blossoms are observed to
fall in patterns ; the Gum Cistus casts bold lines of
tesselated pavement on the grass, and Apple blossom
falls petal by petal into shapes and lines, but none, I

think, approach in grace or finish the beauty of these
Acacia patterns. E, V, B,

The Royal Horticultural Society's Winter
Committee Meetings.— It has often occurred to me
that these are twice too few, being one month between
each, and I have at last determined to publicly ask
my brother Orchid growers to help me in making a
petition to the Royal Horticultural Society to hold its
meetings of Floral (if not Fruit and Scientific) Com-
mittees twice a month in winter, as in summer.
There are many, doubtless, who would have had
plants to exhibit for certificates of the various deno-
minations had there been a second meeting in each
month, who, like myself, have been obliged to wait
another year for it, and then, perhaps, some one else
blooms another plant, and gets it noticed before the
owner who bloomed it a year previously. Personally
speaking, I have two years in succession bloomed a
plant in January, just too late to catch the meeting, and,
of course, in a month the flowers were faded and utterly
unfit for exhibiting. This is experienced by many I
know, and if they and all others will write to me who
approve of the action I purpose to take I will get a
petition formulated and send it round to them for their
signatures, begging the Society to commence with
1885 by holding fortnightly meetings of the various
committees throughout the year. In the interest of
all concerned, and those of the Royal Horticultural
Society itself, I think it would be a great step
forward. I take the opportunity of using your
valuable paper for the purpose of addressing those
interested in horticulture generally. I hope that
those most interested in fruit culture will also second
me ; if they do I shall be very much gratified to see I
have struck their nail on its head : if not I shall be
sorry and growers must try alone. De B, Crawshay,
Rosefidd, Sevenoaks, Kent. [The committee meet-
ings are not held so frequently in the winter months
because the number of subjects that would be brought
forward is not large enough ; besides, even com-
mitteemen require some cessation from labour, and
some reduction in the strain on their pockets. Ed.]

The Souvenir de Malmaison Carnation. —

Your account of Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's
Malmaison Carnations is most interesting, and I
trust will induce others to raise this charming
flower in quantities. I have myself about 300
plants now in full bloom and intend leaving them
uncut until the 17th inst. for a bazaar in the Duke of
Wellington's Riding School, in aid of the Kew
church. We have grown Malmaisons for ten years in
great quantities, indeed I fancy Mrs. Villebois and
ourselves were almost the only growers ; hundreds
and hundreds of plants have been given away, but
the attempts of our friends to cultivate them have
certainly not been successful. The truth is, the plant
has been too much coddled ; it is essentially a cold-
house plant, indeed were it not for the loose calyx, it
would do better out-of-doors. The great secret of its
cultivation is drainage ; a couple of worms in the pot
will destroy the labour of months ; for this reason I
employ soot-water all the year round : they require
constant and careful watering during the summer, and
neglect in this respect will show itself by the presence
of a green centre. Mr. Jennings is quite right in pro-
pagating from layers only ; but I know from expe-
rience that he is wrong in thinking that plants a year
old give the best result in flowers : they take of
course less room, but though I propagate every
year, I always fill the centre of my house with
four or five-year-old plants, and these are now
smothered with bloom. I stand the plants out-
of-doors from the middle of August to the middle of
September, and repot in September. Alas !
my house is only a span-roof, 20 feet long, while
Mr. Jennings' is 40 feet ; but if his blooms are twice
as big as mine I should like to see them. By keep-
ing a certain number of old plants the necessity for
a centre stage is avoided, and the big plants stand on
the ground. The reasons for failure in the treatment
of this plant are so obvious that were it not for my
fear of trespassing on your space I could ensure per-
fect success in the growth of them to any one with
space enough at their command. M. L.

Alstrbmerias. — The dry parching weather, which
is causing nearly all other flowers to wither and
perish, is just suiting Alstromerias, as never before
have I seen them in a higher state of perfection,
which shows the valuable things they are to grow for
making a fine show, or for cutting from at this season.
Why so many fail with them is through planting
them in unsuitable positions, as they require full
exposure to the sun, with suflicient shelter to prevent
injury from spring frosts and keen winds, which
damage the young shoots as soon as they make their
appearance when they are tender, and it is a good
plan, therefore, just before they protrude through the
ground, to give a surface-dressing of sifted leaf-soil,
cocoa-nut fibre, or anything of that kind that will be
light and loose. A mulching, too, of similar material
put on in the autumn and left during the winter

July 12, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

53

is also a great help, as though considered
hardy, Alstromerias are only really so through
having their roots deep down, and if they can-
not penetrate to a low level their tubers are sure
to perish after very sharp frosts. The best situation
for the plants is a sloping border facing south, and if
backed up by a wall or close fence it will be all in
their favour. The way we prepared the beds for
ours was by digging out the earth a yard or so in
depth, and then draining the botlOKi, when, after
mixing some leaf-mould and sand with the soil dug
out, it was returned and the plants put in 6 inches
below the surface, after which they were well watered
to give them a start. Although all this labour is
necessary, and was bestowed on them at the beginning,
they have required little or no attention since, beyond
the protection referred to, and yet they have stood

succeed one another at different heights. It seems
likely to have a very long flowering season. Its culti-
vation seems easy, and if really hardy will be a great
acquisition. C. WolUy Dod^ EJ^e^ 7'th' 3-

Floriferous Sucker of Agave americana. —
In removing the American Aloe which flowered here
last season I found that it was putting up a sucker of
unusual growth, which appeared to be of interest. It
was producing flowers instead of leaves, as shown in
the accompanying sketch (fig. 15), natural size. The
flowers, which are not perfectly formed, are of a pale
green colour, its growth having been made under the
old foliage, almost in the dark ; but it is now potted
and exposed to the light, so that we shall see how it
behaves under the altered conditions, W/n. H,
Baxter, Oxford Botatiic Garden.

d-

Fig. 15.— flowering offset of agave Americana.

where they are for quite twenty years, and are now
remarkably strong and form a fine mass. If plants
are raised from seed they may either be sown where
they are to stand, or in small pots, and then placed
in heat, so as to get them up and strong, ready for
turning out early in June, but a year at least will be
saved by buying and planting the tubers, y. S,

Codonopsis ovata. — Herr Max Leichtlin gave
me seed of this beautiful Himalayan Bellwort, and it
is now flowering, having been planted out last
autumn. Unfortunately the great beauty of the
flowers, consisting in the kaleidoscopic markings at
the base of the inside of the bell, cannot be easily
seen as they grow, owing to their pendulous habit.
It is, however, elegant in appearance and distinct in
form. It is of procumbent spreading habit, and
makes many branches, each of which rises in a flower-
jtalk a foot high, bearing two or three flowers, which

Insects and Mildew. — There is a notion among
many that when the atmosphere is hazy there is mil-
dew in it, and, judging from the present appearance
of vegetation the idea does not seem far wrong, for if
there is not actual mildew in the air the condition of
it now and for a long time past has been much in
favour of generating or breeding that particular para-
site, which seems prevalent everywhere, and is affect-
ing some of the crops. The blade and straw of Wheat
is of a peculiar glaucous blue hue, showing clearly
that it is smitten — so much so, I fear, that unless rain
comes quickly the ears and grain will suffer seriously,
as the whole energies of the plant must be thrown
out of work or impeded, and that just at a time when
the corn wants the most feeding. In gardens Peas
are giving up quickly and look very distressed, but
not more so than Strawberries, especially British
Queens, the leaves on which curl and show the mil-
dew plainly, which is also thick on the fruit. This,

instead of swelling, looks hard and starved, and what
ripens is of very inferior flavour, t The same has been
the case with plants indoors, and it is only in certain
houses where we syringed heavily, driving the water
with force, that we have had Strawberries at all up to
the mark. Not only is mildew rife, but insects are a
perfect plague, for, look where one will, blue, green,
or black fly is to be seen in such quantity that every
twig, leaf and shoot is covered either with one or
other of the aphis or the excreta from them. Cherries
are poisoned, as the By is not only on the leaves and
stalks, but all round about the spurs and buds and on
the stems of the fruit, where they are as close as they
can pack, and the same with blue aphis on Plums, the
trees of which they are crippling and spoiling for
bearing next year. As to getting rid of them, the
work is too formidable, for to destroy them would
take a sea of liquid insecticide and an army of operators,
and all that can be done is to ply the garden-engine
and wash some of them off. Happy are they who have
water laid on at high-pressure, as it must be a special
delight to see these parasites drenched and carried
away in a flood on the border. Would that I could
have this joy in vanquishing such a pernicious pest
instead of squirting at them in the feeble way we now
do. A thunderstorm would help greatly, and may it
soon come, for, if not too heavy, it will do incalculable
good, not only in gardens, but all over the country,
which wants rain everywhere, and in no district more
than in this. J. Sheppard.

Warm Water for Plants. — This is indispensable
for successful fruit forcing and plant growing, but
which is not to be had in many gardens in quantity
commensurate with the requiremtnts. For plant
watering, when such are in pots, enough may be
drawn from the beating apparatus, or maybe there is
a tank heated by a coil of pipes from the boiler avail-
able, but such supplies are perfectly inadequate when
a Vine border 40 feet by iS feet requires its 2^ — 3 feet
of depth to be thoroughly soaked. Something more
than tepid water is ' wanted to warm efficiently the
cold manure-water, or other water, that must then be
given, and the quantity altogether ought to be, at the
lowest calculation, one gallon to the superficial square
foot, which makes a total of 720 gallons, for a house
of the size taken for exemplification ; I would rather
say 1000 gallons, of which at least 500 would be
manure-water when such would be given, the other
500 would require, for mixing purposes, to be brought
up nearly to the boiling point, so that to keep the pot
boiling in a way that would cause no cessation of the
work, a boiler containing 100 gallons should be made
use of, and this, if once got hot, would sufiice by
repeatedly filling it up. Such a useful thing could be
placed in any shed or outbuilding, and would be
found exceedingly handy for a variety of purposes. It
has been discovered that warm water has a very
renovating effect on soils that have been long in use
in pots and borders — it also seems to be a means for
purifying soured and almost infertile soils ; this may
be the reason that old window plants, such as Myrtles,
are kept in such an enviable state of health, by the
ladies who indulge these favourites with warm tea and
coffee at times — the good results springing from the
warm water itself, rather than from the theine or
caffeine contained therein. M,

Our Fruit Crops.— We have now arrived at that
season of the year when we can safely form an
estimate of our fruit crops. After seven years' wet
unfavourable seasons it is very disheartening to find
after the first dry season the fruit crops are only light
and poor. With the exception of the Strawberry
crop all the others are below an average. Apricots
and Peaches coming early into bloom, and the
weather being favourable, a good crop ol fruit set ;
but the cold weather that followed and continued for
so long a time was very injurious to the crop, which
now turns out to be only moderate. Plums promised
to be a heavy crop, but the frosts proved fatal, and
the crops are only light. Cherries are a moderate
crop. There was a great bloom on Pears, but the
crop is poor. Apples are below an average crop, and
the trees are troubled with insects. Gooseberries and
Raspberries are only a moderate crop. Currants are
plentiful, but the trees are covered with insects, and
the quantity is only moderate in consequence.
Strawberries are very fine and abundant ; the late
rains will have greatly benefited the crop by prolong-
ing it and swelling off the fruit. Potatos are looking
remarkably well, especially the late kinds. The early
kinds are in general light, but are free from disease,
M. Saul, York.

Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums as Climbers. —
Having planted two of these beautiful climbers
about twelve months since against two iron columns
in a greenhouse here, I am desirous of drawing the
attention ot some of your readers to these plants
as most desirable subjects for the above purpose.
They were turned out of small pots into the border,
and quickly started into a strong growth, and soon
covered the unsightly iron columns. They are now

54

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, i8

about 8 feet high, and are full of beautiful pink
flowers which are well shown off by theit handsome
foliage, which even in the dull time of winter is a
great attraction. They are the admiration of all who
see them, and I am very frequently asked for cuttings
as they are so easy to manage. I cannot too highly
recommend them to any one desirous of covering an
unsightly place in their conservatory or greenhouse.
Alfred Biihof, The Gardens, Wannock House, near
Polegate,

Sunlight for Climbers in Cool-houses.—
How seldom are the climbers in cool conservatories
in presentable order ? The selection of species was a
good one, the borders were well made, and most
other points have had proper attention, but the plants
have not been things of beauty for a long time past.
The chief fault seems to lie in too much shade being
given ; this is done possibly to preserve the tender
pot things, but it is generally at the expense of the
permanent inmates. We do use too much shade un-
doubtedly for the benefit of the plants in our desire to
preserve the beauty of some florists' flowers to as late
a date as possible. That this is so we have only to
observe the flowerless condition of Bougainvillea,
the sun-loving Passifloras and Tacsonias, Bignonias
that will flower finely only when their wood is, so to
speak, roasted. As a proof that the excessive shad-
ing is the cause of this we may observe the great
floriferousness of Stephanotis, Allamandas, Ipomceas,
and others when grown on the roofs of Pine-stoves in
the full blaze of the sun, and if shaded at all it is only
by the thinnest of tiffany, and then only from II A.M.
to 3 P.M. on very sunny days. Here we have wood
that is well matured, there that which is green, sappy,
immature, and incompetent to carry flowers. The
writer saw a greenhouse not long since on which was
no shading, nor the means of giving any ; in this
bright place the climbers hung from roof and pillar in
orderly confusion and entanglement in all directions,
and ifnot so thickly trained on the roof as to be detri-
mental to the plants under them, they just afforded
that trifling amount of shading that plants in our too
sunless country need. I think this absence of shade
had aided in keeping the plants free from insects, or
they had a robustness that put the insect attacks to
nought, for cleaner plants could not be seen any-
where. HI.

Spot in Lilium auratum. — The question has
been raised in these columns, whether spot in Lilies
adheres to the same plants from year to year, or
whether the attack is, so to speak, accidental to each
year. Last year I marked some very fine and strong
bulbs of L. auratum which were attacked with spot
whilst in flower, having previously seemed healthy.
These were transplanted in winter, some to a bed
where spot rarely appears, some were potted and put
in the greenhouse, under which treatment I have
hardly ever seen symptoms of spot. All these bulbs
have failed to develope healthy buds, though L.
auratum generally is looking well. I should be glad
to know whether their blighly appearance is due to
the disease called " spot." I can account for it in no
other way. C. IVolley Dod, Edpie Hall, July g.
[We see no "spot," but simply evidence of arrested
growth, as if from cold. Still, it is very likely spot
—i.e., fungus — will develope later on. Ed.]

Potato Disease— Early and Late Years.- Mr.
Jensen's views on this subject (see p. 21) are, in my
opinion, probably erroneous. The fungus of the Potato
disease varies in its time of appearance, just as noxious
insects vary. Sometimes we have an early harvest of
corn, sometimes a late ; sometimes an early and good
crop of Strawberries, sometimes a late and bad one ; the
crops of insects, fungi, corn, and fruit, are regulated by
the warmth of the sun, the rainfall, and other causes j
not by an occult, shadowy, oscillating pendulum. In
the Gardeners' Chronicle for May 3, 1884, p. 5S9,
Mr. Jensen says, that since 1877 (no very long time)
the Potato disease has been alternately early and late.
I have not yet found time to examine all the agricul-
tural reports for seven years in confirmation — or
refutation— of Mr. Jensen's views, but I am sorry he
has stopped at 1S77 (one of his late years), for 1S75
was the earliest on record ; therefore 1876, whether
early or late, seriously upsets the Jensenian hypothesis.
W. G. S.

Although Mr. Plowright may have found

just a diseased leaf or two in a Potato field, or some
other person may have been equally as successful,
yet I think the general verdict is that, for the
period of the year, the Potato crop has seldom been
more free — or shall I, to be correct, say apparently
more free ? — from the attacks of the Peronospora than
now. What may happen after rain it is not easy to
say, because much depends upon the form the
moisture may assume. A thorough good soaking
rain, which would tend to produce renewed life and
vigour in the plants, cleansing and purifying the air,
foliage, and soil, would be productive of far less harm
than stagnant humidity in the air — rain assuming the
form of drizzle, accompanied at night with mist or

fog. In this latter case we might see breadths black-
ened in a single night, but certainly not in the former
case. It would, however, be then that the protective
moulding would have a chance to prove how far Mr.
Jensen was right or otherwise. So far moulded and
non-moulded Polatosare all on anequality. As thunder-
storms are frequent in places, and the disease may
follow in their wake, it may be as well to remind
readers that the once fondly held electrical theory of
the Potato disease has no basis ; in fact, that it is the
humidity of the atmosphere thunderstorms promote
which gives the fungus such occasional sudden and
so extraordinary vitality. So far with early Potatos
plenty of leaves thought to be diseased have been
simply scalded by the great heat of the sun and the
earth, especially when the night's dew has condensed
into drops of water at the points of the leaves. A. D.

Iris fcetidissima.— At p. 11 of the present volume
attention is called to an Iris described as I. Pseud-
Acorus, for which I feel greatly obliged, and the more
so seeing that on determination it proves to be I.
frctidissima, by far the rarer of the two British plants.
The leaves of the latter much resemble those of the
common Yellow Flag, and their flaccid nature ap-
peared to be owing to the situation. Such chalky
copses, however, are the true home of I. fcetidissima.
The flowers were only in bud, but last year's seeds
still hanging sufficiently distinguish the species. These
are globose, with a soft testa, and although now
somewhat wrinkled, are yet perfect in outline. The
seeds of I. Pseud-Acorus, on the other hand, are very
much compressed and flattened, with a hard testa. A'.

Cabbage Lettuces. — In the face ol the mar-
vellously dry season we have so far experienced, I
have had cause to marvel over the capacities of two
or three kinds of Cabbage Lettuces to endure drought
and yet turn in beautiful hearts— far beyond all I could
have anticipated under the disadvantageous condi-
tions of their culture. The kinds were, I believe, of
French origin, the seed being sent me that I might
grow them for trial. I sowed under glass in April,
but when the plants were ready to put out the soil
was so dry and harsh I laid a few of each kind in to
wait for a rainy day. Still the rain did not come,
and I had to water the soil, that the lumps might be
broken to draw drills, and plant out my Lettuces,
then water them in and leave them to their own
resources. These, however, proved to be fairly good,
for the plants took root in spite of drought and no
more water, for there was none near, and recently
hearted-in so admirably as to evoke surprise and
satisfaction. I believe the majority of Lettuces in
such cases would have become foul with aphis and
have bolted off to flower almost at once. The kinds
are Trocadero, a very handsome solid form of pale
green colour, and partly tinged with bronze ; White
Chavigny, evidently a fine white Cabbage form, very
firm and compact hearted i and Green Unctuous, the
earliest and finest, something like All the Year Round,
but larger. All the kinds are very sweet and crisp in
spite of the drought, and seem to offer special useful-
ness for cultivation and consumption during hot, dry
seasons. A, D.

FRUIT NOTES.

Fruit Prospects on the Clyde.— Fruit grow-
ing in Scotland is principally carried on as an industry
in the districts of Aberdeen, Crieff, and along the
valley of the Clyde. The latter, from the nature of
its soil, sheltered position, climate, and proximity to
Glasgow and the coalfields, which yield a large
quantity of cheap labour, mark it distinctly as being
the premier place for carrying on this industry.
From an examination of the fruit district, extending
along both banks of the Clyde from Lanark to Hamil-
ton, the headquarters being Crossford, or the Tilli-
tudlem of Sir Walter Scott, we noticed that the fruit
crop will barely reach an average, and with a con-
tinuance of the present dry weather may be consider-
ably short. Strawberries are the largest cultivated
crop, and from present appearances will probably yield
the best crop. A large extent of land has this year
again been brought into bearing condition for thii
favourite fruit. The plants have generally blossomed
extra well, but owing to the drought, or some other
cause intimately connected with it, a large proportion
of the blooms have not set. On some fields we
examined these unset blooms would extend from 15
to 30 per cent, of the whole, while on others very few
were noticed. The earlier varieties of Scotch Straw-
berries are just about ready for the market. In many
cases it, however, will be smaller in size than usual,
as, owing to the scarcity of moisture at the roots of
the plants, the berries are ripening prematurely, and
not swelling to their usual size. Many contracts
were some time ago entered into with the pre-

servers or boilers, as they are called in the dis-
trict, at about the average of last year's prices.
By at least the Clydeside men these prices are
now considered to be too low, as present appearances
do not warrant the crop which was expected a month
ago, nor the yield predicted by mcny of the Scottish
Press. Gooseberries and Currants are also likely to
yield an under-average crop, particularly on the older
plantations. Growers are sadly complaining of the
increasing cost of growing the small fruits, and their
fall in price^Strawberries within a few years having
fallen from £a,^ per ton to £12 and £\<-, in many
cases. Apples, Pears, and Plums are also a light
crop, although neither in this district have got the
best chance for some time, as the plantations are
getting rather old. A few new plantations of Plums
and Pears have been lately laid out, and are looking
well : Apples are, however, quite neglected, being
considered unworthy of attention. North British Ap'i'
cullurisC.

Apple Souvenir d'Etichove. — A medium-
sized globular Apple, with short deeply set stalks,
slightly ribbed around the closed eyes. The skin is
deep red, longitudinally striped with yellow. It
ripens in September, and keeps well till March.
Described by M. Burvenich in the Bulletin d' Arbori-
culture, June, 1S84.

Apple Mrs. Barron. — The June number of the
Florist and Pomologist contains a striking coloured
illustration of an Apple grown at Chiswick under the
name of Yellow Belle-Fleur. The Apple Congress last
year furnished the means of rectifying this appellation,
and the Apple in question is henceforth to be known
under the name above given. The fruit is large,
ovate-conic, truncate at the top, with a short stalk set
in a deep basin, and a broad funnel-shaped eye. The
skin is of a rich yellow colour, flushed and streaked
on the sunny side, the flesh pale straw-coloured,
sweet. Season, October to February. The tree is
of vigorous habit, a good cropper, and recommended
for orchard culture.

Royal Horticultural : July S.

Scientific Committee. — Professor Michael
Foster, M.D., F.R.S., in the chair. Present :
Messrs. Grote, Bennett, W. G. Smith, Ridley,
Murray, Boulger, Loder, Glaisher ; Dts. Hogg and
Masters ; Rev. G. Henslow, Secretary.

Lancca tibetica. — Mr. Loder showed flowering
specimens of this Tibetan Scrophulariad flowering, as
was believed, for the first time in Europe. It is a
dwarf herb with tufted, glabrous, oboval, oblong
leaves, and blue 2-lipped flowers in loose terminal
racemes.

Gentiana bavarica, Cs'c. — Mr. Loder also showed
flowering specimens of this beautiful species, which is
diSjcult to grow. Mr. Loder had succeeded by
growing it in peat amid stones. Other specimens,
including Ranunculus cortusifolius, monstrous Plan-
tains, &c., were also exhibited by this gentleman.

Proliferous Geum rivale. — Mr. Boulger showed
flowers of this species affected with median prolifi-
cation in the manner so frequent in this species.

Chlora ferfoliata. — It has been observed that this
plant opens its flowers with considerable degree of
regularity about 9 A.M., and closes them about 4 P.M.
Mr. Boulger had ascertained that, though shut up in
a collecting-box, the flower opened at the usual time.

.Ticidium Euphorbi,c. — Dr. Masters showed speci-
mens of Euphorbia Cyparissias from Zermatt, affected
with a fungus determined by Mr. W. G. Smith to be
.ICcidium Euphorbia, another form of which is sup-
posed to be Uromyces pisi, growing on Peas ; but we
question whether there are Peas at Zermatt, and
while the .Ecidium is common the Uromyces is
not known here. The special point of interest
in the specimen consisted in the great alteration in
the form and dimensions of the leaf. The normal
leaves are linear, \—'i inch long and upwards, and
very narrow, while those leaves affected by the fungus
were invariably shorter, broader, ovate or oblong, in
fact, and slightly thickened in texture. Sometimes
the whole plant was affected, and then on a super-
ficial glance it might readily be passed as a distinct
species.

Potato E.rptriinents at Chiswick. — Dr. Masters
briefly reported on the condition of the experimental
rows of Potatos at Chiswick on the occasion of the
second visit of the sub-committee. The disease had
appeared in another quarter of the garden, but had
not, up to the date of the visit of inspection on

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

55

June 30, appeared on the trial ground. The next visit
will be paid on July 14, when the third series will be
earlhed-up in the Jenseniau method,

riucinia viiiuc. — Mr. W. G. Smith showed speci-
mens of Vinca major destroyed by this fungus, which
had caused the destruction of all the plants of this
species iti a London nursery.

British Gynmcsf'oraugia, — A paper was read on
this subject trom Mr. Tlowright, giving a preliminary
account of his experiments during the last two years,
which so far as they have yet proceeded tend to con-
firm the statement of Oersted, that certain Rorstelice
were simply stages of growth of a particular fungus
existing in a dillerent slate on some other plant,
hence the term " heteroicism " as applied to these
fungi. This heteroicism is still doubted by some
botanists, but has been confirmed by many observers
and experimenters, and lately by Rathay. Mr.
riowrighl's independent observations tend in the
same direction, and a specimen of Rccsteha lacerata on
the Pear induced by the author was sent in evidence.
Mr. Plowright also indicates the presence of two
distinct and well-marked Riesteli.-e on the Hawthorn,
stating that he had "produced them attifically on
manydifterent occasions, and they also occur naturally.
Four times in 1SS2, and twice in 1S84 he has
produced upon Thorn (CratKgus) a Rrestelia from a
Gymnosporangium on Savin, a Rcestelia which dilTers
from R. lacerata in many points," which were
indicated.

Rhubarb Stalks Dried. — Mrs. I. Jones sent a
bundle of dried Rhubarb stalks for winter use, and
which will be reported on after trial.

Aliscetlanca. — Various plants were exhibited, some
of which will be reported on on another occasion.

Floral Committee.— Present in Section A. ;
Thomas Moore, Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Laing,
H. Herbst, J. Hudson, J. Dominy, E. Hill, Dr.
Masters, and the Rev. G. Henslow, Section B. :
Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the chair; Messrs. H.
Bennett, J. T. D. Llewelyn, G. Dufl^eld, and
J. Douglas. Few plants were exhibited at this
meeting, but cut flowers, especially of Roses and
herbaceous plants, were plentiful and good. The new
plants shown included a strikingly handsome example
of the remarkably fine Vanda Sanderiana, with one
spike bearing nine of its large and most attractive
blossoms. This came from W. Vanner, Esq., Cam-
den Wood, Chislehurst. Sir Trevor Lawrence had
three good novelties in Aerides illustre, a supposed
natural hybrid, of a high order of merit, its fine
amethyst-purple lip being well set oft' by its white
lilac shaded sepals and petals j the new Cypripedium
Curtisi, a species with an unusually large and some-
what angular, rich brown lip, somewhat narrow,
spotted petals, shading off to pink at the extremities,
and the dorsal sepal margined with white ; and Cat-
tieya calumniata x , a new hybrid raised in France by
M. Bleu (C. amethystina x C. Acklandire), and
flowering now for the first time in this country. Both
in habit and in its variegated flowers it partakes most
ot C. Acklandije, the lip being violet-red, and the
whitish-rose tinted sepals and petals spotted with
violet. The seldom exhibited, small bright orange-
red flowered Dendrobium erythroxanthum also came
from the Burford Lodge collection. Mr. de Bary
Crawshay showed a very fine white form of the new
Cattleya Gaskelliana, the only colour about it being
i ts bright yellow throat and a faint blotch of
mauve on the lip. Cattleya Sanderiana, with
two lovely coloured flowers, came from the same
exhibitor ; and the rare Odontoglossum mirandum, a
showy yellow ground flower, with bold brown mark-
ings, came from Mr. H, J. Buchan, of Southampton.
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons astonished us with a
splendid display of varieties of the Japanese Iris
Kjempferi (more fully alluded to below), of which
three were selected for Certificates, viz. :— Mary An-
derson, pale lilac veined with purple — very fine ;
Princess Maud, extra fine in size, and pure white,
excepting the yellow blotches on the outer segments ;
and Earl Granville, a remarkably fine flower, measur-
ing 8 inches in diameter, and rich purple shading to
lilac in colour. The same firm also sent Spircea pur-
purea, a neat, compact-growing plant of medium
height, with handsome purple, variegated, palmate
leaves, and rich rose-pink flowers ; Medinilla Teys-
maniana, an erect-flowering species with large leaves,
and a fine panicle of large rich rose-pink flowers ;
Torenia rubens, a useful stove trailing plant with dark
purple flowers shading ofi'to porcelain- blue ; Carnation
Celia, a fine Clove-scented bedding variety of the same
size and colour as Mary Morris, but which the brightest
sunshine does not burn at the edges ; Campanula
calycanthema rosea, with rose-pink flowers, pretty
and novel ; Indigofera floribunda alba, a pure white
flowering variety ; and Andromeda speciosa var. cas-
sinefolia, a North-American hardy shruO, worth
looking after for its grand clusters of waxy-white cup-
shaped flowers. If this plant will force well, it will
furnish something new for spring cutting. Mr. G.
Duffield, gr. to H. K. Mayor, Esq., Winchmore
liill, exhibited a box of blooms of a pretty seedling

Carnation named Martha, of medium site, very neat,
yellow ground, with rose-scarlet and purple shadings.
Mr. W. Bealby, Roehampton, showed in Delphinium
Gloire de Nancy, a very (ine branching double variety
of a dark lilac colour ; and a medium-sized pure
white Tree Carnation named Madame Carle, a flower
of good properties. Messrs. Cannell & Sons had a
good white-flowered Begonia named Virginalis ; some
double Antirrhinums, and a truss of salmon-pink,
semi-double zonal Pelargoniums of very large propor-
tions.

The collection of Iris Ksmpferi from Messrs.
Veitch & Sons, met with almost univers.al admiration
for their exceeding beauty, rivalling that of the finest
Orchids. The colours ranged from the purest white
through various shades of violet-blue to the darkest
purple, several being what may with propriety be
called seKs, whilst very many are charmingly striped
in varying degrees of density, or are suffused tenderly
with harmonious tints, or have patches of gold on the
exterior segments. It was supposed that these plants
had disappeared from cultivation, which was partly
true, but it has began to put in an appearance now in
much greater variety. The same firm also showed a
white and yellow climbing Lonicera japonica, named
Halleana; a collection of Campanula calycanthema
in variety, and a very fine collection of Tea, hybrid
perpetual, and Bourbon Roses from their nursery at
Langley, which show great robustness in flower and
leaf. We noticed as nice blooms. Countess of Rose-
bery, Louis van Houtte, Auguste Rigotard, and
Marie Baumann. For the collection of Roses
a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. Messrs.
W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, showed four
hybrid Tea-scented climbing Roses, the offspring
of Gloire de Dijon — this sort probably as seed bearer;
they were either crimson or pink, and if possessing
the hardiness of "the Glory" these perfumed
varieties would find much favour as climbers, the
flowers, as at present seen, being of fairly good form.
A large and remarkably good collection of Roses
came from the same nursery, and, although sent not
for competition, it contained some particularly fine
examples of Jules Finger, Countess of Rosebery,
Souvenir d'Elise, La France, Xavier Olibo, Jean
Ducher, Reynolds Hole, and Crown Prince. There
were about twenty baskets of Rose blooms and a
great number of boxes — altogether a most liberal
addition to the day's show. A Silver Banksian Medal
was awarded. Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport,
Somerset, showed a large assortment of single and
double varieties of Pyrethrums, Roses mostly of the
Tea class, single perennial Gaillardias in many varieties
— fine conspicuous flowers being observed in Magnifica,
a crimson and brown ; Leonidas, similar ; Paraphos,
a semi-double yellow ; Paccius, crimson and
gold; Babilis, the same tint; Valentia, with
tubular florets, similar in colour to the last ;
several fine Delphiniums, especially striking being D.
ranunculoides, a double violet-coloured flower, the
petals of which are delicately margined sometimes with
a darker colour j Sidalcea Candida, rarely seen, a
pure white flower set on slender spikes ; Monarda
fistulosa, and a variety of interesting hardy flowers.
For the entire collection a Silver Banksian Medal was
bestowed. Mr. T. S. Ware showed three varieties of
Brodifeas — B. grandiflora, a deep blue flower, the
plant being of slender habit ; B. grandiflora major, a
plant having a similarly coloured flower, but the
growth stronger ; and B. Wareii, a slender grower
with pink blossoms. Mr. Ware had also a very large
collection of hardy plants, for which a Silver-gilt
Banksian Medal was awarded. There were many
varieties of Lilies, notably the rather rare L. Browni,
L. pallidiflorum, and a great spike of L. giganteura.
There were many varieties of the handsome and but
little grown Alstromerias, of Pentstemons, Aquilegias,
specimen Lachenalia pallida, the great Spanish
Thistle, Scolymus grandiflorus, border Carnations,
Himalayan Poppies, Hemerocallis, Delphiniums, &c.
Mr. Cannell showed two strange looking Antirrhinums
that had malformed blooms — apparently an attempt
at doubling, that can hardly be said to be imorove-
ments on the simple form ; and Mr. Jas. King,
Rowsham, Aylesbury, another Antirrhinum, in which
the mouth of the diminutive flower presents itself,
quite opened — all of these being of more interest
botanically than otherwise. Mr. Turner brought up
a pretty display of Carnations and Picotees— a
pleasant foretaste of the good things in this way we
may expect to see at the next meeting.
The awards made were ; —

First-Class Certificates.
Section A,

To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for Aerides
illustre.

To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M, P., for Cypripedium
Curtisii.

To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for Cattleya
calumniata.

To Messrs. James Veitch &. Sons, for Medinilla Teys-
maniana.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Spiriea pur-
purea.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Indigofera flori-
bunda alba.

To De B. Crawshay, Esq., for Cattleya Gaskelliana
alba.

Section B.

To Messrs. fames Veitch & Sons, for Iris K.-smpleri
var. Mary Anderson.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Iris KEempferi
var. Princess Maud.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Iris Kcemnferi
var. Earl Granville.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Carnation
Celia.

To Mr. W. Bealby, for Delphinium Gloire de Nancy.

To Mr. G. Duflield, for Carnation Martha.

Fruit Committee.— Present : H. J. Veitch,
Esq., in the chair; Messrs. J. Smith, William Paul,
G. T. Miles, G. Bunyard, J. Willard, and P. Crowley.
Mr. House, of Peterborough, sent samples of his new
Perfect Marrow Pea as grown under field culture
without stakes, and which appears to be a good early
variety of the Ne Plus Ultra section. The committee
requested that it should be sent to Chiswick for trial,
as also two or three other new varieties shown by Mr.
Eckford. Mr. H. S. Forman, 28, Upgate, Louth,
sent samples of three new Strawberries, the best of
which was the oldest of the trio— Forman's Excelsior,
a well coloured Cockscomb-shaped fruit, of good
quality. Three or four seedling Melons came up for
testing, but all were bad.

Crystal Palace Rose Show : yuly 5.— This,
the best attended of the metropolitan Rose shows, was
not quite such a brilliant affair as those of some former
years, a state of things that may easily be accounted for
by the admitted want of really fine blooms all through
the home counties owing to the unusually prolonged
period of dry weather. Many of our excellent growers,
who reside in localities where light, porous soils prevail,
found it impossible under the circumstances to compete
with any chance of success in the open classes. Still, in
spite of the dryness, our eastern counties, which are gener-
ally the first to suffer, contributed the major numbers of
the winners in the larger classes ; hence we find class 1,
for seventy-two varieties of Roses shown in single trusses,
that the rst prize was awarded to Mr. B. R. Cant, Col-
Chester, for a good lot of blooms for this season, the
undermentioned sorts being those which were most
noticeable for qnaUty and general excellence :— Marie
Baumann, Duke of Teck, Devoniensis, Abel Carriere,
Auguste Neumann, John Hopper, Madame H. Jamain,
Lady Sheffield, Countess of Rosebery, Caroline Kuster,
Lord Macaulay, Comtesse de Paris, Beauty of Waltham,
Fisher Holmes, Marechal Niel. and Souvenir d'Elise ;
2d in the same class were Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old
Nursery, Cheshunt, whose finest blooms were Hy.
Ledechaux, Niphetos, Madame Gabrielle Luizet,
Horace Vernet, Captain Christy, and Lady M. Fitz-
William. The 3d prize was awarded to the Crans-
ton Nursery Company. King's Acre, Hereford.
For the competition for the forty-eight varieties in
trusses of three each, distinct, the entries were more
numerous, and the display was very satisfactory, not-
withstanding the evident admixture of some blooms that
were under the mark, ist again Mr. B. R. Cant, with
good examples of John Hopper, Antoine Ducher,
Niphetos, Mons. E. Y. Teas. Madame Charles Wood,
Marquise deSt. Armand, Madame Marie Cointet, A. K.
Williams, and Exposition de Brie ; 2d, Messrs. Paul
& Son, Cheshunt, in whose collection we noticed Lady
Marie Fitzwilliam, Boildieu, Madame E. Verdier, and
Alfred Colomb ; 3d, the Cranston Nursery Company.
For the best twenty-four hybrid perpetuals in trusses of
three each the ist prize went to Messrs. J. Jefferies &
Son, Cirencester ; the 2d to Mr. F. Cant, Colchester ;
and the 3d to Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone.'
Messrs. Jefferies & Sons' stand included flowers of fine
quality in General Jacqueminot, Souvenir d'Adolfe
Thiers, and Mons. E. V. Teas, Mrs. C. Wood, Madame
Rougier. and Mons. Alfred Dumesnil ; 3d, Mr. John
House, Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough. For twenty,
four single trusses, ist, Mr. Frank Cant, the Mile End
Nurseries, Colchester, with fine examples of Madame
Ducher, Madame G. Luizet, Souvenir d'Elise, and
Boule d'Or, Madame H. Jamain, and Madame
Lacharme ; 2d, Messrs. Burrell & Co., Howe House
Nurseries, Cambridge, with good blooms of La France,
Comtesse Nadaillac, Abel Carriere, and Etienne Levet '
3d, Messrs. G. Cooling & Son. Bath ; and extra 3d'
Messrs. Kinmont & Kidd. Mr. B. R. Cant took
the ist prize for eighteen tea-scented or Noisette Roses
among them being fair blooms of President, Caroline
Kiister, La Boule d'Or, Madame Bravy. and Moire ; and
the 3d was awarded to Messrs. Paul & Son for a
tolerably even lot of nice blooms. Mr. B. R. Cant was
likewise the winner of the 1st prize for a collection of Roses
shown in trusses of three each, Marechal Niel, Madame
Welsh, Marie van Houtte, Jean Ducher, and Etoile de
Lyon being represented by flue blooms ; 2d, Messrs
Burrell & Co.; 3d, Messrs. Paul & Son. For the
collection of white Roses. Mr. B. R. Cant, whose
examples of Innocente Pirola, Devoniensis, Niphetos,
and Madame Bravy were particularly noticeable, again
came m ist ; Messrs. Burrell & Co. took the 2d, and The
Cranston Nursery Company the 3d. In the competition
for the best collection of pink Roses, Messrs. Paul &
Son were ist, with Madame Thcf-rese Levet, Madame
Melanie Vigneron, R. Schultheis, Marquise de St.
Amand, and Madame H. Jamain ; 2d, Mr. f. Mattock,
New Headington, Oxon ; 3d, The Cranston .Nursery
Co. Mr. B. R. Cant took also the premier prize for the
collection of crimsons, with similar blooms to those seen

56

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JDLY 12, iS

in his other successful stands ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son ;
3d, The Cranston Nursery Co. For velvety-crimson,— ist,
Mr. B. R. Cant. For eighteen Teas or Noisettes.— ist,
Mr. B. R. Cant, whose Souvenir d'EUse were exceed-
ingly fine examples ; 2d, Rev. Page Roberts,
Scole Rectory, Norfolk, with an even lot
of Souvenir d'Elise ; 3d, Mr. G. W. Piper,
For the best eighteen Roses ot the Marie Baumann
colour. — ist, Mr. B. R. Cant, with good specimens of
that kind ; 2d, Messrs. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, with
the same ; 3d, Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. , Clapton, also
with the same variety. For Roses of the Prince CamiUe
de Rohan type, Messrs. Paul & Son took the 2d prize
with Abel Carriere ; whilst Mr. \V. ]. Grant, Hope End,
Ledbury, lor eighteen of the Francois Michelon type,
was placed ist, for Marquise de Castellane ; Mr. B. R.
Cant 2d, with Marie Verdier ; and Messrs. Bunyard &
Co. 3d, with Francois Michelon. For the best eighteen
Roses of Captain Christy, or any similar variety, the ist
prize was taken by Mr. Hy. Bennett, Shepperlon, for
capital blooms of Lady Mary FitzwiUiam ; 2d, Messrs.
Paul & Son, with Captain Christy ; 3d, Messrs. G. Cool-
ing & Sons. For eighteen of the A. K. Williams type.—
ist, Mr. B. R. Cant ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son ; 3d, Mr.
John House. Mr. J. House took Ukewise the ist prize
for eighteen Roses of the W. A. Richardson type, with
rather loosely formed blooms of that variety. Messrs.
Paul & Son were the winners of the best prize for
eighteen bunches of Moss Roses. For eighteen trusses
of Niphetos, the 1st prize went to Mr. B. R. Cant, for
extra fine examples of this fine variety, whilst Messrs.
Keynes, WiUiams & Co., SaUsbury, were 2d.

In the classes in whicli amateurs alone competed, Mr.
W. J. Grant took the ist prize for forty-eight varieties,
his Uhich Brenner, La France, Baroness Rothschild,
Niphetos, Mrs. Woolchild, H. Vemet, Etienne Levet,
and Due de Montpensier, being fine blooms ; Mr. J.
Ridout, gr. to ]. B. Heywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge,
was 2d— this stand contained fine specimens of Duke of
WeUington, Etienne Levet, Captain Christy, and Jean
Ducher ; 3d, R. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-
Bower, Romford. For the best twenty-four distinct
H.P. Roses.— ist, T. W. Budd, 8, Gay Street, Bath—
his Horace Vemet, La Havre, Xavier Olibo and Prince
Arther being amongst his best blooms ; 2d, Mr. Geo.
Christy, Buckhurst Lodge, Westerham, who had supe-
rior examples of Henry Ledechaux, Duchesse de Vallom-
brosa, and Alfred Colomb ; 3d, Mr. R. Gray, gr. to the
Earl of Stanhope, Chevening Park. For the best twenty-
four varieties, three trusses each. — ist, Mr. Jos. Davis,
The Square, Wilton, Sahsbury ; 2d, Mr. J. Brown, gr.
to A. J. Waterloo, Esq., Great Doods, Reigate ; 3d,
Mr. W. ]. Grant. For the best twelve varieties H.P.,
shown in' single trusses.— ist, Mr. J. Brown ; 2d, Mr. C.
Taylor, Swan Inn, Headington, O.xon ; 3d, Rev. E. L.
Fellowes, Wimpole Rectory, Royston. For the best
twelve Tea-scented Roses.— ist. Rev. F. Page Roberts,
whose fine examples of Catherine Kiister, Comtesse
Nadaillac, Madame Bravy, Marechal Niel, and Innocente
Pirola were particularly handsome blooms ; 2d, Rev. E.
L. Fellowes ; 3d, Rev. Hugh A. Bemers, Harkstead
Rectory, Ipswich.

In the miscellaneous exhibits Messrs. John Laing &
Co. put up a splendid lot of their finest Begonias, repre-
sentative of all the newest and best of their own and
foreign raising. For these plants, that were imposingly
disposed at the eastern entrance to the tent, a ist prize
was awarded — a 2d prize for another smaller collection
going to Mr. H. Coppin, Rose Nursery, Shirley, Croy-
don. Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, showed Lilium
auratum, Carnations, Pinks, (show and fancy Pelargo-
niums, for each and all of which ist prizes were bestowed.
Messrs. Paul & Son, Paul's Nursery, Waltham Cross,
contributed, but not for competition, many boxes and
baskets of Roses, many of the flowers being of much
beauty, an extra prize being awarded them for Rose
Mad. Cheddau Guinnoseau. Messrs. Keynes, WiUiams &
Co. and Mr. Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham Cross,
Ukewise sent several collections of Roses, adding consi-
derably to the attractiveness of the show. Some beautiful
Pansies came from Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale,
which found many admirers, the flowers being of con-
siderable merit from the florists' point of view.

From Mr. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, came dishes of
Cherries, Early Rivers, a splendid black fruit, Uke Cir-
cassian, but less rich in flavour, although earlier ; Bigar-
reau Napoleon, Ludwig's Bigarreau, Black Hawke, Der
Schucken Plum, Early Transparent Gage, a luscious
fruit of a good size ; Nectarines Goldoni, Humboldt,
Pine-apple, and Victoria, and Peaches Sea Eagle, Nec-
tarine Peach and Exquisite. These were stated to be
the produce of pot trees, and were fine examples of their
kind.

First-class Certificates were granted to Messrs. John
Laing & Co., Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, for Begonias
Alba Plena, Golden Queen, Mr. A. Forbes, Rose Per-
fection. White Perfection ; and to Mr. Turner, Slough,
for Pink (seedling) Captain Kennedy.

named Ethel Brownlow, in every way a beautilul Rose,
which no doubt will soon become very popular. Mr.
Hartland's finest blooms were La France, Duchess of
Bedford, Marie Baumann, Emile Hausberg, Marie
Hausmann, Rironess Rothschild. In the amateur's
class for thirty-six blooms (eighteen vars.), the Cup was
awarded to D. L. Coddington, Esq. (Mr. Marry, gr.), who
had good blooms of the leading varieties ; and for twenty-
four Teas the same exhibitor took ist prize with a stand,
in which Souvenir d'une Ami, Triomphe de Rennes, and
Niphetos were very fine. The clsss for twelve stove and
greenhouse plants brought out three competitors — ist,
H. Deasy, Esq., Carysfort House (Mr. Darcy, gr.), who
staged a good group of foUage plants, but the flowering
plants were weak ; 2d, J. Jameson, Esq., Blackrock : and
3d, the Chief Secretary, m whose group was a very fine
and well-bloomed plant of Aerides odoratum. For six
fine-foUaged plants, L. G. Watson, Esq., Newstead,
Blackrock, was placed ist with a nice group. Ferns
were well shown, the ist prize going to L. G. Watson,
Esq., who staged well-grown moderate sized plants of
Adiantura farleyense, Gleichenia semivestita, Davalha
Mooreana, Nephrolepis fulva, &c. For six British Ferns,
Phineas Raill, Esq., was ist, with a nice lot, which
included Scolopendrium Gloveri, Osmunda cristata, &c.

For six Orchids Mrs. Campbell, The Hermitage, was
placed 1st, with a moderate lot, and the 2d prize was
taken by the Chief Secretary (Mr. McKenna, gr.), whose
group included a nice well-bloomed plant of Sobralia
raacrantha. H. Deasy, Esq., was awarded ist prize for
a new exotic — a well-grown plant of Alocasia Thibau-
tiana. Kalosanthes were present in quantity: Mr. Tobin,
gr. to W. J. Perry, Esq., Blackrock, took ist honours
with nice dwarf plants, profusely bloomed; and the same
exhibitor was ist for Pelargoniums, which were well
shown.

Hardy plants in pots formed a special feature, especi-
ally those from the Rev, F. Tymons, who was easily
1st, most noticeable in his group being Gladiolus
ColviUei var. The Bride, Iris xiphioides, double white
Rocket, Statice Suwaroii, white Martagon Lily,
&c. A nice group of plants, not for competition, was
exhibited from the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, and
included MasdevaUia Harryana and the BuU's-blood
variety of the same species, some well-grown Draccenas,
Crotons, &c. ; and Messrs. Henderson & Sons, of the
Templeogue Nurseries, put up two neat groups of small,
neatly-grown stove and greenhouse plants. Ferns, &c.,
which were Highly Commended by the judges.

The show of indoor fruit was exceedingly poor : Mr.
M'CuUagh, gr. to Lord Powerscourt, Co. Wicklow, was
placed 1st in all three of the Grape classes, with bunches
which were mostly far from being ripe, particularly the
Muscats. Melons were also poorly represented, only
four being staged — Mr. M'Cullagh being placed ist in
the class for green-fleshed, and Mr. Tyler took the lead in
the scarlet-fleshed class, with a seedling named Shelton
Abbey, a variety very similar to Blenheim Orange, but
much smaller. For a Pine Mr. Tyler, gr. to Lord
Wicklow, Shelton Abbey, Arklow, was ist, with a nice
Queen. Peaches were shown by five or six competitors,
the ist award going to Richard Pinn, Esq., for a fair
dish of Noblesse. Strawberries were very well shown by
Lord Wicklow, who took ist honours in both classes.
For a dish of Cherries Mrs. Milner was placed ist with
a good dish of Royal Duke.

Taking the exhibits collectively thoy were only of
second-rate quality (with the exception of Roses), and it
seems a great pity that the citizens of Dubhn do not
promote their exhibitions by giving prizes worth com-
peting for, for gardeners, as a rule (although they may
obtain honour), are not in a position to lose money on
account of the amount taken in prizes not being sufficient
to defray their expenses. Visitor.

Royal Horticultural of Ireland Summer
Showr : July 3. — This exhibition took place in Mr.
Guinness' grounds at Earlscourt Terrace, but the display
in nearly all classes was very small, and the task of the
judges must have been a very fight one, excepting in the
case of Roses, which were well shown by Mr. Hartland,
of the Cork Nurseries, and Messrs. .Vlex. Dickson &
Sons, of Newtownards — the former taking the Society's
Cup for a stand of forty.eight varieties ; and the latter
took the lead in the other nurserymen's classes.
Noticeableamong Messrs. Dickson's blooms were Edward
Morren, Marie Verdier, Marquise de Castellane, Star of
Waltham, CaroUne Soupert, Etienne Levet, Marquise
de Mortemarte, Cheshunt Hybrid, and a new Tea

Winchester Horticultural : July 3 and 4. —
The first summer show of this Society was held under
favourable auspices, and was a great success in a horti-
cultural point of view ; the attendance, we are sorry to
say, however, was not large, probably owing to the/i'/«,
&c., going on in the city in commemoration of the
seven hundredth anniversary of the Mayoralty, which
caused a large influx of visitors to make their way into
the city. This young and enterprising Society deserves
greater success, and we trust that next time it will
be able to find a site for their show more suitable to
the purpose both for the general public and exhibitors.
The Honorary Secretaries, Messrs. Porter and Colson,
worked hard to make the show a thorough success, and
thanks are due to them for their energy and the courtesy
shown to all concerned. The entries in most classes
were plentiful, if we except fruit and vegetables, which
were rather limited. Roses were a strong feature, and
would have been more so had the continued dry weather
not prevented many at the last moment from competing.
Stove and greenhouse plants and groups arranged for
effect were plentifully shown. We should hke to see a
change in the style of arrangement, all, excepting the
ist prize group, from Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce,
The Firs, Bassett, Southampton, being much too flat
and formal and too closely packed. The group above-
mentioned was a long way ahead of all others, being
much lighter, and the plants oi better quality for the
purpose.

In class I, open to all members, for twelve stove and
greenhouse plants, six to be in bloom and six fine-
foliaged, there were three exhibitors. Mr. E. Wills, gr.
to Mrs. Pearce, took the lead, with fine healthy speci-
mens of good quahty, the principal among them being
Latania bprbonica, a healthy plant ; Cycas revolula, a
good piece of Cocos Weddelliana, and a finely-coloured
Croton Queen Victoria ; the principal blooming plants
were a very fresh Clerodendron Balfourianum, Cypripe-
dium barbatum, andC. na;vium with about forty flowers ;

a nice fresh Kalosanthes coccinea, and a rather small
plant of Impatiens Sultani. Mr. Cox. gr. to R. K.
Windham, Esq., Corhampton House, Bishops Waltham,
followed with good blooming plants, but his foUage
plants were weak as compared to the ist prize lot. His
best plants were a good Allamanda Hendersoni, Stepha-
notis floribunda, a small, healthy, well bloomed Medinilla
magnifica, and a well bloomed plant of Bougainxillea
glabra grown as a standard ; the 3d prize went to Mr. E.
Hilher, nurseryman, Winchester.

In cl.ass 2, for a miscellaneous group arranged for
effect, space 11 feet by 10, there were only two com-
petitors-Mr. Wills, who was ist, and Mr. Hillier,
whose group before stated was much too closely packed
and formal. For six stove and greenhouse Ferns Mr.
Cox was placed ist, with healthy specimens of Adian-
tum farleyense and A. cuneatum, and a seedling Gym-
nograrama; 2d, Mr. Hunt, gr. to R. Moss, Esq., M.P.,
Weston Grove, Southampton, who had among others a
good 1 piece of Lycopodium scandens ; 3d, Mr. E,
.•\stridge, gr. to W. B. Simmonds, Esq., Abbots Barton,
Winchester. For six stove and greenhouse plants, three
in bloom and three fine-foUaged, Mr. E. Molyneux, gr. to
W. H. Myers, Esq., Swanmore Park, Bishops Waltham,
was a long way ahead of the other competitors ; his plants
were Alocasia macrorhiza variegata, Cissus discolor,
Croton Queen Victoria, Allamanda Hendersoni, a very
fine and densely-bloomed plant of Bougainvillea glabra,
and a good specimen of Begonia Emperor ; Mr. Hunt
was 2d ; and Mr. A. Fronting, gr. to Miss Butler,
Thomas Street, Winchester, and Mr. E. Gandy, gr. to
the Earl of Nonhbrook, Stratton Park, were placed
equal 3d. The class for a smaller group (10 feet by 8)
arranged for eft'ect, brought four competitors, all of
whose arrangements were much too flat and stiff.— the
best was from Mr. Neville, gr. to F. W. Fhght, Esq,
Comstiles, Twyford, Winchester, who had a bright
group, and had made the most of the plants at his dis-
posal, which were not particularly well suited for the
purpose ; 2d, Mr. Axford, gr. to C. M. Shipley, Esq.,
Twyford Moors, Winchester ; 3d, Mr. Hunt. For a
single specimen foHaged plant Mr. Wills was ist, with a
healthy Cocos Weddelliana ; 2d, Mr. Hilher, with Cycas
revoluta, pale in colour ; 3d, Mr. Astridge, \vith a small
Alocasia metallica. For a single specimen blooming plant,
Mr. Cox took the lead with a fine pyramid-shaped speci-
men of Bougainvillea glabra which was slightly past its
best. Mr. Molyneux followed with a fine specimen of
Emperor Begonia. Begonias, Pelargoniums (show and
zonal), Coleus and table plants were well shown by
Messrs. Hunt, Wills, Cox, and Hillier.

Cut Roses were shown in large quantities and gene-
rally in good condidon, the principal class being for
seventy-two varieties, the corporation giving a piece of
plate value ^^lo as ist prize, which only brought two
competitors, no doubt owing to the hot dry weather,
Mr. B. Cant, Colchester, was an easy ist, his blooms
being fresh, neat, and of good colour. Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., Sahsbury, took the 2d prize, with
blooms which were somewhat unequal in size and some
past their best. For forty-eight distinct single trusses
Mr. B. Cant was again ist, followed by Mr. F. Cant,
Colchester, and Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co. For
twenty-four varieties, distinct, three trusses of each, Mr.
B. Cant followed up his previous successes by again tak-
ing ist, La France and Dr. Andry being specially good ;
Mr. F. Cant and Messrs. Keynes, WilUams & Co. fol-
lowing in the order named. For twelve Teas or Noisettes,
distinct, Mr. Frank Cant was ist, Mr. B. Cant being 2d.
For twelve single trusses, any dark hybrid perpetual,
Mr. B. Cant was ist, with neat, fresh flowers of A. K.
WiUiams ; Mr. HiUier foUowed with the same variety.
For twelve blooms, any hght variety of hybrid perpetual,
Mr. HiUier was ist, with La France, in good condition ;
2d, Mr. B. Cant, with MerveiUe de Lyon. For twelve
single trusses, any one variety of Tea or Noisette, Mr.
F. Cant was ist, with very fine blooms of Souvenir
d'Elise ; Mr. B. Cant foUowing, with Devoniensis. In
the classes not open to nurserymen there were some
good stands of blooms, Mr. NeviUe being premier exhi-
bitor, winning ist for twenty-four and twelve H. P.'s and
twelve Teas ; Captain Ramsay, Fareham, and Mr. WiUs
foUowing. Hardy herbaceous flowers were Umited in
numbers, but good in quahty, Mr. Molyneux leading
with a neat stand.

Fruit was thinly represented but good in quahty. A
very fine coUection was staged by Mr. WUdsmith, gr. to
Lord Eversley, Heckfield (not for competition), consist-
ing of three fine Pines, two Melons, two dishes of Straw-
berries, two dishes of fine Figs, two of Peaches, finely
coloured ; two of Cherries ; three bunches of Black
Hamburgh Grapes, both fine in bunch and berry, and
grandly finished ; three good bunches of Muscat of
Alexandria, completed this collection, which was much
admired. For three bimches of black Grapes, Mr.
Molyneux was an easy ist, with fine Black Hamburgh
bunches, very fine in berry, and superbly coloured ; Mr.
J. Cox and Mr. J. Dauncey, gr. to J. B. Staine, Esq.,
were placed equal 2d, the former had fine bunches of
Black Hamburgh, with good berries, but not quite
coloured ; the latter had smaUer bunches of the same
variety, better coloured, but smaller in the berries. For
three bunches of white Grapes, Mr. Molyneux was ist,
with Buckland Sweetwater, nicely coloured ; Mr. H.
Galton, gr. to Mrs. Fredericks, Twyford, being 2d with
the same variety, larger in the berry, but green. For six
Nectarines, Mr. H. Galton was ist, with Lord Napier,
richly coloured ; Mr. Dauncey 2d. Mr. Hunt had the
best green-fleshed Melon, a seedling ; Mr. Molyneux
coming in 2d, with Hero of Lockinge. The latter was
ist, with Scarlet Gem, in the scarlet class ; and Mr.
Cox 2d, with Blenheim Orange For twenty-four Straw-
berries, Messrs. Dauncey, Hunt, and Mr. R. Dicken, gr.
to Mrs. Major Lowth, were the prizetakers, aU showing
fine fruit.

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

57

Vegetables were represented by two collections, the
winning lot being from Mr. Molyneux ; his best dishes
were of Leviathan Onioni, fine ; good Hackwood Park
Tomato, Stratagem Peas, Long White Marrows, and
Early London Cauliflower ; Mr. Dauncey was 2d, his
best dishes being Tomaios, Arlicliokes, and Peas.

For a dessert table decoration, Miss Bessie Flight was
an easy ist, with a nice light arrangement ; and Mrs.
Colonel Nicoll, Wesibourne Lodge, Winchester, was 2d,
with an arrangement much too crowded. For a single
vase for drawing-room decoration, Miss Bertha Flight
was ist ; 2d, Miss Agnes Fhght. Mr. Hillier was ist
for bouquet wild flowers ; and grasses were shown in
large (juantities for the prizes offered to school children,
upwards of eighty baskets being shown. [From a Corre-
spondent').

Tunbridge Wells Horticultural : 'July 4.— The
display within the tents in the well-adapted grounds and
the lofty spacious hall, in which this Society hold their
annual exhibitions, has rarely if ever before been of so
uniformily meritorious a character as on this occasion,
which, combinedwitli the brilhantweather, suppliedamost
enjoyable treat to the throng ol appreciative visitors that
invariably attend the exhibitions at this fashionable place.

Stove and greenhouse plants are generally to be met
with here in better condition and in larger numbers than
in most places where the shows do not take place early
enough to caich the Azaleas and other effective plants
that bloom in spring, the presence of which is missed
later on.

In the open class for eight stove and greenhouse plants
there were four exhibitors, Mr. Gilbert, of the Springfield
Nurseries, Hastings, taking ist with a wt-U-grown pro-
fusely flowered group, the best of which were Uipladenia
amabilis, in good condition ; Aphelexis macrantha rosea,
quite fresh ; a large densely flowered Kalosanlhes coc-
cinea. Stephanotis floribunda, and Statice profusa. Mr.
Tudgey, 'I'he Exotic Nursery. Wallhani Cross, who was
2d, had also a good lot. in which were Erica ferruginea
major, E. Shannoni, a huge specimen of Azalea Brilliant,
one of the best of all varieties for late flowering ; and,
Allamanda nobilis. Mr. Rann, gr. to J. Warren, Esq.,
Handcross Park, Crawley. 3d. The class for four stove
and greenhouse plants was also well filled, Mr. Moor-
house, gr. to J. W. Temple, Esq., Leyswood, being 1st,
with, amongst others, an unusually large and well
bloomed example of Erica obbata, one of the best of all
Heaths ; with it was a nicely flowered Stephanotis. Mr.
Bolton, gr. to Mrs. Spottiswoode, Coorabe Bank, 2d,
his best examples being Clerodendron fallax, with
numerous spikes of its brilliant scarlet flowers ; Anthu-
riura Scherzerianum and Statice imbricata. 3d, Mr,
Gilbert.

FiNE-FOLiAGED PLANTS were well represented. In
the class for eight the competition was very close, Mr.
Tudgey taking the lead with a very good set of plants,
the most noticeable of which was Kentia australis,
Prilchardia pacinca. Cocos Weddelliana. Cycas circina is,
Croton Johannis, and Cordyline indivisa ; Mr. Rann,
who was a very close 2d, had immense examples of
Phoenix tenuis, Thrinax elegans, Croton Queen Victoria,
C. princeps. and C. Williamsii ; Mr. Gilbert, 3d, also
having a fine group, in which were large and well
managed examples of Kentia Fosteriana and Charaserops
Fortunei.

For a group of eight Ferns, Mr. Pope, gr. to J. J.
Barrow, Esq. , Holmwood, took 1st, with a nice
selection of small growing kinds. In the amateurs'
class for six stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Pope
was a good ist, with a pretty half-dozen, containing
Ixora javanica, I. javanica floribunda, and Alla-
manda Henderson] ; Mr. Bolton 2d. Four stove and
greenhouse plants (amateurs). — Here Mr. Cooke,
gr. to De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks,
had 1st, with a group of well-flowered Orchids,
consisting of Cattleya gigas, bearing twelve flowers ;
Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Disa grandiflora, and
the scarce Anguloa Ruckerii sanguinea ; 2d, Mr. Pope.
Six fine-leaved plants (amateurs). — With these Mr.
Rann took the lead, staging a large and well-grown
group, remarkable in which was Livistonia rotundifolia,
one of the best ol Fan-leaved Palms, an excellent speci-
men of Bonapartea stricta and Croton Challenger — a
fine variety ; Mr. Moorhouse 2d. Six Ferns (amateurs).
— ist, Mr. Bolton, with nicely grown, medium-sized
plants ; 2d, Mr. Wilkins, Shirley Hall, Langton.

Large-flowered Pelargoniums were in good condition,
considering the advance of season and scorching weather.
For six, Mr. Wilkins had ist honours, with a fresh,
nicely-flowered group ; Mr . Shoebridge, gr. to W.
Edwards, Esq., Fern Bank, 2d, staging a credit-
able lot of plants. With six fancies, Mr, Wilkins
was likewise ist ; 2d, Mr. Turner, gr. to F. R.
Lachene, Esq., The Wilderness. Zonal Pelargo-
niums were also well shown by Mr. Allen, who was
ist with six single varieties. Double zonals were beau-
tifully flowered and not too stiffly trained — a fault very
common with zonals of both the double and single
sections. Six double varieties. — ist, Mr. Wilkins ;
2d, Mr. Allen. Fuchsias were not so well shown as we
have before seen them here, the competing groups being
uneven in size. In the class for six Mr. Turner had ist,
Mr. Shoebridge 2d. Hardy Ferns. — In a close run Mr,
Allen took ist with even well grown plants, Mr. H.
Scammell, gr. to C. Reiley, Esq., Nevil Park, being 2d.
Gloxinias were shown in beautiful condition by Mr.
Read, gr. to Mrs. W. C. Cripps, Mount Calverley
Lodge, who took ist in the class for eight with pro-
fusely bloomed examples, all erect kinds bearing un-
usually large flowers of well varied colours ; 2d, Mr.
Turner. Achimenes were equally well done, the growth
of the plants being close and compact, in addition to

their being profusely flowered. With six Mr. Scammell
had ist, staging Mauve Queen, Verschaffeltii, Longiflora
major, L. rosea, L. alba, and Edmund Bossier, which
represent a nice selection of colours of these useful sum-
mer flowering plants, not now so much grown as their
niL-riis entitle them to ; 2d. Mr. Moorhouse.

Groups ok Plants arranged for Effect were in
great force, seven competitors putting in an appearance,
the exhibits of which almost filled a large tent. In a keen
competition Mr. Fennell, gr. to Mrs. Cazalet, Fairlawn,
Tonbridge, took the lead with a very pretty arrangement
in which form and colour in the materials of which the
group was composed left little to be desired ; Mr. Bolton,
who was 2d, had also a well arranged lot of plants ; as
likewise had Mr. Cooke, who took 3d. Lycopodiums
were contributed in beautiful condition by Mr. H. Scam-
mell, and Mr. H. Aylward, gr. to Mrs. Foster, who were
equal ist.

Roses were not forthcoming in such quantities as
usual here, no doubt owing to the number of exhibitions
on at the same time, and to the scorching weather, which
makes short work of the flowers. In the open class for
forty-eight varieties, single blooms, Messrs. Bunyard &
Co.. Maidstone, took the lead with a very good stand,
well varied in colour, in addition to the flowers being
fine, and just to the hour ; 2d, Mrs. WoUard. Lewes ;
3d, Mr. G. W. Piper, Uckfield. Twenty-four Roses,
single blooms. — With these Messrs. Bunyard were also
ist, here again having a beautiful lot of flowers ; Mrs.
WoUard 2d. In the amaleura' class lor twenty-four
there were some good flowers staged. Mr. Ridout, gr. to
T. B. Haywood. Esq., Reigate, taking ist; Mr. Sim-
mons, gr. to the Rev. R. C. Hales, Henfield, 2d.
Twelve Roses. — ist, Mr. Ridout ; 2d, Mr. Allen. Teas,
as usual here, were beautifully shown, the Rev. J. G.
Hodgson, Hythe, being ist, with twelve, amongst which
Catherine Mermet, Jean Ducher, Devoniensis, Madame
Lambard, and Souvenir de Paul N^ron, were repre-
sented by beautiful flowers ; 2d, Mr. Allen, gr. to J. H.
Field, Esq.

Table Decorations are always plentifully shown
here, and the present occasion was no exception. With
three groups, Mr. J. K. Chard. Clapham, was
placed ist ; 2d, Mrs. Bishop. Croydon ; 3d, Mrs.
Fennell, with a chastely beautilul set, in which the
ordinary tall stands were dispensed with. Single stand :
ist, Mr. Bishop ; 2d, Mrs. Gilmour, Hawkhurst ; 3d.
Mr. Chard. Single stand of wild flowers : Miss Kin-
mont, Canterbury, had ist ; 2d. Miss K. R. Ware,
Frant. Bouquets were forthcoming in quantity, Mr.
Gilbert being isl and 2d for a bride's with beautiful
examples ; 3d, Mrs. Bishop. Ball bouquets : Mr. J.
K. Chard was placed ist, Mr. Gilbert 2d. Button-
hole bouquets : ist, Mr. G. W. Piper ; 2d, Miss K. R.
Ware.

Collections of cut stove and greenhouse flowers in eighteen
varieties were nicely shown by Mr. Johnstone, gr. to the
Marchioness of Camden, and Capl. Green, Mr. Bolton,
and Mr. Turner, who took the prizes in the order of
their names. Wild flowers, unlimited as to the number,
correctly labelled with their botanical and English names,
are unusually well shown at Tunbridge W-^lls, and are
an interesting and instructive leature. Miss K. R.
Ware took the lead with a numerous and well arranged
lot ; Mr. Dixon, gr. to Sir Spencer Wilson, Fletching,
being 2d,

Fkuit. — There was a considerable display oF fruit,
most of which was in good condition. For a collection
unlimited as to the number of dishes, quality and
arrangement to be taken into account, 1st honours
went to Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq.,
Aylesford ; his best kinds were Black Hamburgh and
Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, in nice condition ; a
Queen Pine, Nectarines, Peaches, Strawberries, and
Cherries. Mr. Hopgood, gr. to Sir Julian Goldsmid,
Tonbridge, was a good 2d, his most meritorious dishes
being Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes,
Peaches, and Nectarines ; 3d, Mr. Fennell. There were
eleven exhibitors in the class for three bunches of black
Grapes, most oi which were in good condition. Mr.
Henderson, gr, to F. Deacon. Esq., Tonbridge, had ist,
with Black Hamburgh, well finished, the bunches mode-
rate in size ; 2d, Mr. Moorhouse, who had larger
bunches but not so heavily bloomed ; 3d, Mr. Morris,
gr. to C. F. Ebden, Esq., who likewise had good
examples. Three bunches of white Grapes. — ist. Mr.
Gore, gr. to Captain Taylor, Hastings, who had Muscat
of Alexandria, very well coloured tor the season ; 2d,
Mr. Waterman, with Buckland Sweetwater. Three
bunches of any other three varieties of Grapes. — With
these also Mr. Gore took the lead, having a nice stand,
in which Madresfield Court was well coloured and even
in berry ; 2d, Mr. Allen ; 3d, Mr. Bolton. Six Peaches.
— ist, Mr. A. Bashford, gr. to Mrs. Stoddart Douglas,
Tunbridge Wells ; 2d, Mr. Fennell. Six Nectarines. —
ist, Mr. y. Bashford, gr. to }, Corlett, Esq., East
Sutton ; 2d. Mr. Pope, gr. to J. J. Barrow. Esq. Scarlet-
fleshed Melon. — ist, Mr. Moorhouse ; 2d, Mr. Rann.
Green-fleshed Melon. — ist, Mr. Moorhouse ; 2d, Mr.
Hopgood. Strawberries were well shown. Mr. Bridger,
gr. to Lord de I'lsle and Dudley, taking ist, with a
grand dish of Sir Joseph Paxton ; 2d, Mr. Amies,
with British Queen.

Society does not grow in extent and importance com-
mensurate with the growth of the neighbourhood, for a
more fitting place in which to hold a show scarcely exists
m the neighbourhood. The weather was all that could
be desired, and the arrangements made by Mr. A. F.
Barron and his staff perfect, but anything like an appro-
priate company was not forthcoming ; while the produc-
tions, generally of a high-class character, were limited in
quantity. There were some charming groups of plants
arranged for effect — in the nurserymen's class Messrs.
W. Fromow & Son, Turnham Green, beat Mr. W.
Brown, florist, Richmond, staging a group arranged
with excellent taste, and composed of Palms, Crotons,
Orchids, Ferns, &c. ; nor was Mr. Brown very far behind,
for he is an adept in the art of floral decoration.
There were five small groups, and here Mr. Wright,
gr. to E. H. Watts, Esq., Chiswick, was ist with a
charming arrangement ; Mr. E. Chadwick, gr. to E. M.
Nelson, Esq., Ealing, being 2d ; and H. Pearks. Esq ,
Chiswick, 3d. Two extra prizes were awarded. Mr.
Chadwick was well ahead with the best six stove and
greenhouse plants in flower, having good examples ot
Allamanda Hendersoni, A. Chelsoni, Vinca alba, Dar-
winia tuUpifera, and Plumbago capensis ; 2d, Mr.
Wright, who had nice specimens of Clerodendron Bal-
founanum, Bougainvillea glabra, Odontoglossum ve.vil-
larium, and Cattleya gigas.

White Fuchsias and zonal Pelargoniums were of
inferior quality. Tuberous-rooted Begonias were well
shown by Mr. Harding, gr. to J. R. Siariing, Esq., The
Chestnuts, Gunnersbury ; Mr. Chadwick being 2d.
Both lots were nicely grown and flowered. Gloxinias
were a leading feature, being well grown and flowered.
The best twelve came from Mr. Starling, and the best
six from Mr. J. J. Flack. Some very fine Achimenes
were shown by Mr. Wright ; his 1st prize six plants
were very large, finely grown and flowered. Some
smaller but well done plants were shown by Mr. J. R.
Starling.

Foliage plants were a leading feature, and. being
large, proved of great service in securing effect. Mr.
W. Brown, Richmond, who had Areca cruenia, Ptycho-
sperma Alexandras, an extremely elegant Palm ; Areca
Herbstii, Croton variegatus, Pandanus Veitchii, and
Dracosna Baptistii ; 2d, Mr. Chadwick, whose best
examples were Croton variegatus, Seaforthia elegans,
Pandanus Veitchii, Latania borbonica, and Croton
angustifolius ; 3d, Messrs. W. Fromow & Son. Ferns
were small but finely grown ; Mr. Wright had the best
six. Mr. H. G. Lake being 2d. Caladiums were very
nice, especially the six pretty specimens shown by Mr.
J. R. Starling, which were admirably grown ; the sorts
were Meyerbeer, Chantini, candidum, Cann^^^ti, Prince
Albert Edward, and Luddemanni. 2d. Mr. H. Pearks,
with a good lot but rather drawn. Lycopods were finely
shown by Mr. Wright very large and admirably grown
specimens ; Mr. Chadwick being 2d. Plants for table
decoration were also a good feature.

In the cut flower class the best twenty-four blooms
came from Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, the
Misses Christy, Kingston, being 2d. Stands of twelve
bunches of cut flowers were also shown, Mr. Chadwick
having the best lot. Cut blooms of Gloxinias, shown in
pairs on stands, were a little disappointing. Messrs.
W. Fromow & Son had the best three bouquets ; Mr.
W. Brown being jd. There were vases of flowers for
table decoration shown by ladies ; among them a charm-
ing arrangement in wild flowers shown by Miss Barron,
which was awarded a ist prize in that class. There
were a large number of bouquets of wild flowers shown
by children, some of them very pretty indeed.

Fruit was not extensively produced, but there were
some good Black Hamburgh Grapes from Mr. Wright
and Mr. Baird, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq.. Ealing ; the
latter had the best two bunches of white Grapes, staging
Duke of Buccleuch and Foster's Seedling, both very
good. Other fruits consisted of Strawberries, Cherries,
Melons, &c.

There was a very good lot of vegetables, the season
considered. Mr. C. J. Waite had the best nine dishes,
and Mr. Chadwick the best three dishes of Potatos, the
new Midsummer Kidney being very good. In the class
for special prizes for six dishes of vegetables, given by
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, there were nine competitors,
Mr. C. J. Waite being ist, and Sir H. Meux 2d. Messrs.
Carter & Co. offered prizes for three dishes of their new
Peas, Mr. H. W. Ward, gr., Longford Castle, being ist,
with a very good lot ; and Mr. J. Morton, of Aylesbury,
2d.

Mr. May. gr. to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House,
sent a well arranged group of miscellaneous plants, not
for competition ; Mr. Webb, manager to Messrs. C.
Lee & Son, The Arboretum, Isleworth, sent a fine col-
lection of hardy ornamental plants ; and Mr. Geo.
Cannon, their manager at Ealing, some boxes of very
fine cut Roses.

Chiswick, Turnham Green and District Hor-
ticultural: Ju^y S- — The annual exhibition of this
Society took place as usual in the gardens of the Royal
Horticultural Society at Chiswick, a commodious tent
having been erected on the fine piece of turf south of the
Council chamber. It is a matter for regret that this

Salisbury Rose Show : 'Ju^y 9.— The first Rose
show held in this city in association with the National
Rose Society took place in the Episcopal grounds on
Wednesday last, and though the weather was showery in
the morning the sun shone out in the alternoon, with the
result that the grounds and large exhibition tent were
crowded by visitors, who were loud in their praise of the
queen of flowers, which, notwithstanding the frosts of
April and the dryness of the season, were shown in
capital condition, and with the following results.

Division A. Nurserymen. — For forty-eight, distinct,
single trusses, 1st, Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.,
Castle Street Nurseries, Salisbury, with a grand lot, con-
sisting of Franfois Micheion {prize Medal Rose}, Duke
of Edinburgh, Marguerite de St. Amand, Rosieriste, La
France, William Koelle, Marie Eaumann, Reynolds

58

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, iS

Hole, Merveille de Lyon, Louis van Houtte, Marie,
Victor Verdier, Madame Willermoz, John Bright,
Edouard Morren, A. K. Williams, Beauty of Wallham.
Souvenir d'un Ami. Baron de Bonstettin, Magna Charta,
Duke of Wellington, Madame Lacharme, Lord Macau-
lay. Paul Neron, Madame Emilie Fontaine, Archi-
duchesse d'Autriche, Senateur Vaisse, Comtesse d'Oxford,
Auguste Rigotard, Antoine Ducher, Xavier Olibo,
Madame Nachury, Madame Gabrielle Luizet. Marquise
de Castellane, Duke of Teck, Niplietos, diaries Lefebvre,
Etienne Levet, Fisher Holmes, Alba rosea, Bartholemy
Joubert, Madame Eugene Verdier, Ferdinand de Les-
seps, La Rosi^re, Camille Bernardin, Catherine Mer-
met. This stand was also awarded the Silver
Cup. The 2d prize went to Messrs. Paul & Son,
Cheshunt, whose best blooms were A. K.. Williams,
Reynolds Hole, Fisher Holmes, Countess of Oxford,
Sultan of Zanzibar, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Edward Andrt^.
Beauty of Wallham, Le Havre, Ferdinand de Chaffolte ;
3d, Mr. B. Cant, Colchester, whose collection was only
a tew points behind the preceding ones, Class 2. — For
twenty-four distinct trusses of each, Mr. George Prince,
Oxford, secured chief honours with a grand lot of well-
formed fresh blooms, the varieties being Prince Arthur,
Due de Morny, Catherine Mermet, Marie Baumann,
Souvenir d'un Ami. Prince Camille de Rohan, jean
Ducher. Duke of Connaught, Marie van Houtte, Mare-
chal Niel, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Reynolds Hole,
Mdlle. Thtl'rese Levet, Lord Macaulay, Niphetos,
Xavier Olibo, &c. ; 2d, Messrs. Keynes & Co., with
a stand only a few points behind ; and the same may be
said of the 3d prize stand lot in this class, which was
awarded to Messrs. Paul & Son. Class 3. Division B,—
For 36 distinct, singles, Messrs. Cooling & Son, Bath,
were awarded the ist prize for fresh blooms, consisting
of Francois Michelon, Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo,
P'erdinand de Lesseps, Lady Sheffield (very fine). La
France, Alfred Colomb, &c. ; 2d, Mr. Frank Cant, Col-
chester, with large fresh blooms ; the 3d being secured,
with a fine even lot, by Messrs. Cross & Steer, Canal,
SaUsbury. For eighteen, distinct, three trusses of
each, Messrs. Cooling & Son was again to the
front with, among others, Xavier Olibo, Pride of
Waltham, Alfred Colomb, Louis van Houtte, Com-
lesse d'Oxford, La France, Marie Verdier, and Reynolds
Hole ; the 2d and 3d going respectively to Mr. John
House, Peterborough, and Mr. J. Davis, Wilton.
Class 5. For twelve Feasor Noisette (extra class), the ist
honour was awarded to Mr. Prince, O.xford, who showed
fine blooms of Comtesse Nadaillac, Marie van Houtte,
Etoile de Lyon, Madame Janiin, Marechal Niel, Sou-
venir d'un Ami, Niphetos, Madame Cusin, Madame A.
]acquier, Jean Ducher, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and
Francisca Kruger ; the 2d and 3d being awarded, in the
order specified, to Mr. B. Cant and Messrs. Paul & Son.

Amateurs' Classes. Division C. — For thirty-six,
distinct, single trusses. — ist, Thomas B. Haywood, Esq.,
Reigate ; 2d, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Romford ; 3d,
A. Slaughter, Esq., Steyning. The ist prize stand,
which was also awarded the Silver Cup presented by the
Salisbury Local Commilte, included Duchesse de Morny,
Dr. Andry, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. A. K. Williams.
Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefebvre, Countess of
Oxford, Pierre Notting, Etienne Levet, Horace Vernet,
Etoile de Lyon, Duke of Wellington, Reynolds Hole,
Constance Nadaillac, Lady Sheffield, Prince Arthur, &:c.
The most telling blooms in the 2d stand were Duke of
Wellington, Dr. Andry, Charles Lefebvre, and Beauty
of Waltham. In the class (7) for eighteen distinct
singles the ist prize was secured by W. J. Grant,
Esq., Ledbury, with a nice even fresh lot of blooms;
and the 2d and 3d by T. W. Girdleston, Esq., Sun-
ningdale, and Miss Watson Taylor, Headington. And
in class 8, for twenty distinct singles, the prizes
were awarded to S. P. Budd, Esq., Bath;
Captain Christy, Sidmouth ; and Thomas Hobbs, Esq.,
Bristol, in the order in which their names appear.
In class 9, for eighteen distinct singles, Mr. S. P. Budd
was to the front again, and Mr. Thomas Hobbs, Bristol,
and the Rev. C. Eddy, 2d and 3d. Class 10, ior twelve
distinct single trusses. — E. M. Bethune. Esq., Horsham,
was ist, being followed closely by ]. T. Strange, Esq.,
Reading, and Captain Ramsey, Fareham ; and in class
II, for six distinct, single trusses, the prizes were awarded
as specified — to Edward Mawley, Esq., Croydon, Rev.
G. Gardiner, Box Vicarage, and the Rev. H. Cheales,
Andover. The ist position in class 12, for twelve Teas
or Noisettes, was awarded to E. M. Bethune, Esq., the
2d and 3d going respectively to the Rev, J. H. Pember-
ton, and Thomas Hayward, Esq. Class 13, for six Teas
or Noisettes.— The ist prize out of nine lots was awarded
to Joseph .Smith, Esq., Warminster, and the 2d and 3d
to Thomas Hobbs, Esq.. and Captain Chribty, in the
order named. Class 14, for twelve single dark trusses of
any hybrid perpetual (dark).— ist, Mr. Prince. Oxford,
with Marie Baumann ; 2d, Messrs. Cooling & Son, with
Alfred Colomb ; and 3d. Mr. B. Cant, with Reynolds
Hole ; and for a like number ot (H.P.) light Messrs.
Cooling & .Son were 1st, with La France ; 2d, Messrs.
Keynes & Co., with Francois Michelon ; and Messrs.
Paul & Son 3d, with Merveille de Lyon. In this class the
competition was very keen, there being ten lots staged,
including some splendid stands of Madme Gabrielle
Luizet (which in the opinion of many ought to have
been placed), from Messrs. Cross & Steer, which firm
also showed several grand stands, not for competition.
Class 16. For twelve single trusses of any Tea or Noisette.
— 1st, Mr, Frank Cant, with splendid trusses of Boule
d'Or (this lot, which in form and freshness was as near
perfection as could be, was greatly admired) ; 2d, Mr.
G. Prince, with Comtesse Nadaillac, to a bloom of
which the Silver Medal presented for the best Tea Rose
in the nurserymen's class was awarded ; 3d, Messrs.
Keynes & Co., for grand blooms of Marie van Houtte.

This well-known firm also showed twelve fine blooms of
Niphetos, and a like number of Alba rosea in fine form.

In the classes for home-grown Roses the ist place was
given, in class 22, to Mr. Hatch, Salisbury, for
six trusses ; and in class 23, for twelve distinct
singles, Captain Wigram, Downton, was placed ist, and
Mr. J, Cunis, Salisbury, 2d ; and in a similar class Cap-
tain Wigram and the Lord Bishop of Sahsbury (gr., Mr.
Smith) were ist and 2d, in the order named ; and for
twelve trebles, distinct, Joseph Smith, Esq., Warminster,
was ist ; the 2d and 3d going respectively to Phillip
Grubb, Esq., Warminster, and Rev. W. Hickman, also
of Warminster. For twenty-four distinct, singles, Mr.
J. Hatch, Sahsbury, secured the ist place ; and Mr. F.
W. Flight, Winchester, whose Madame Lambard
secured the Silver Medal presented for the lea or
Noisette bloom, among the home or district grown
Roses; 3d, J. Rawlins, Esq., Warminster.

For six decorative plants, the prizes were awarded to
Captain Wigram, the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, and Sir
F. H. Bathurst, Bart. , in the order named. Sam.
Griffin, Esq., Wilton Road, Salisbury, also contributed
a well grown lot of Ferns, including good specimens of
Adiantum gracillimum, A. cuneatum, &c., as also did
Mr.Smith, from the Palace gardens, including a fine A.
farleyense.

In conclusion, a word of praise is due to the local hon.
secretary and Mr. Griffin, for the manner in which they
endeavoured to meet the wishes and wants of exhibitors.

Nottingham Horticultural Floral Fete : July 9
and 10. — Mapperly Park was the site chosen for the hor-
ticultural contests of Notts and the adjoining counties.
The Society was extremely unfortunate m the day fi.xed,
as rain fell almost uninterruptedly during the afternoon,
so that, however much good it may have done to the
suffering farmers, it brought only loss and embarrass-
ment to our horticultural Jriends. The attendance was
exceedingly scanty owing to the wet, so that the lunds
must necessarily suffer much diminution, which is the
more to be regretted in consequence of the Society meet-
ing with less generous support than its aims entitle
it to. There were three large marquees, none
of which could be said to be overflowing with
specimens of the gardener's skill. One of these
was mainly filled with groups of miscellaneous
plants arranged for effect, in squares not exceeding 150
square leet ; these being disposed in a line in the centre
of the tent, and having Iree access on all sides, were
observed under unusually favourable conditions. The
only fault, if fault must be found, was that the gardeners
had been too liberal with their plants, putting them so
thickly together, that the individual beauties of many
were lost. This remark applies with equal force to
all the specimens of bouquet work, and to nearly all the
efforts in table decoration observed. The ist prize for a
group was awarded to S. Thacker, Esq., Ball Street, St.
Anns, a gentleman who keeps no regular gardener, but
whose plants, in most of the classes in which hee.xhibited,
were exceedingly creditable to him as a cultivator. The
group was lightly disposed, and consisted of many small
examples of Palms, Dracaenas, Alocasias, Tillandsias,
Ferns in great variety, Crotons, Dieffenbachias, Marantas,
and stove herbs too numerous to specify within our
limits. The foreground was treated very artistically,
the smaller specimens standing independenily on hillocks
of or on the plain surface of a black green moss
this foreground forming a kind of rectangular recess.
Mr. J. Edmonds, gr. to the Duke of St. Albans, Best-
wood Lodge, was awarded the 2d prize, for a group dis-
posed in quite another method, but which was also effec-
tive. It contained many fine Crotons, Orchids, Eucharis,
Tuberoses, tuberous Begonias. Adiantums, Marantas, tlic.
The 3d prize went to Mr. German, gr. to T. B, Cutts,
Esq., Malvern House, Nottingham, who had likewise a
good lot of well grown stul^', amongst them being several
fine new Crotons, first-class Amaryllis, capital Dracaenas
and Palms, and the dehciously scented Hedychium
venustum ; 4th, Mr. J. Lyon, gr. to Viscountess Ossing-
ton, Ossington Manor, Retford, with plants not diftering
greatly from the preceding groups ; 5lh, Mr. J. Lamb,
gr. to P. Sewen, Esq., Pelham Crescent, Nottingham.
Other groups, much smaller than the above, were dis-
played along the sides of this tent, as were conmion flat
nursery baskets filled with Caladiums, Crotons. Dieffen-
bachias, Spiraea purpurea, Lisianthus Russelianus, &c.,
which were rather pretty objects so treated. For groups
of miscellaneous plants, not less than twelve and noi
more than twenty, ist, Mr. German; 2d, Mr. John
Meadows, gr. to C. J. Cox, Esq., Rock House, Basford ;
3d, Mr. H. Ralphs, gr. to f. Booth, Esq., P'ern House.

Stove and greenhouse plants formed a main portion of
the show, occupying as they did the greater part of one
of the large tents, and consisted of some excellent
examples of both flowering and foliage plants. For the
best six, three ot which were the former and three the
latter, ist, Mr. ]. Ward, gr. to T. H. Oaks, Esq.,
Riddings Park, in whose collection we noticed good ex-
amples of Clerodendron Balfourianum, a beautiful Kalo-
santhes Frederick Dubois, 3 feet high and as much in
diameter ; Statice profusa, even larger ; Chama;rops
excelsa, and Crotons Weismanni and Johannis ; 2d,
Mr. Lyon, Ossington Park, with Alocasia macrorhiza
variegata of robust growth, a beautifully coloured Croton
Queen Victoria, Trachelospermum jasminoides, and
Ixora Williamsii ; 3d, Mr. J. Meadows, with good
Croton pictus and Clerodendron Balfourianum. In this
tent, not for competition, Messrs. J. R. Pearson & Sons,
the Chilwell Nurseries, had displayed some handsome
wreaths, crosses, &c., that received high commendation ;
and a few of Messrs. John Laing & Co.'s Begonias as
plants and specimens of bloom weie seen. Ornamental
foliage plants were well shown by Mr. J. Ward, who
was awarded the ist prize for six examples, consisting of

Dasyhrion glaucescens, a fine plant of Cycas revoluta,
with abundant leafage ; Croton Youngii, &c. S. Thacker,
Esq., took 2d, his Croton Victoria, a young, vigorous
plant of great merit, being the best Croton at the show :
the other good plants in this group were Maranta zebrina
and Phojnix daclylifera. Mr. J. Lyon took the 3d
prize for his Alocasia macrorhiza variegata. The prize
tor the best stove plant in bloom was awarded to Mr. J.
Ward for a bright example ot Anihurium Andreanum
with nine blooms ; and for the best ornamenial foliage
plant— ist, S. Thacker, Esq., Wall Street, for Cycas
revoluta ; 2d, Mr. Swanwick, gr., Sherwood Lodge ; 3d,
Mr. Lyon ; and for one greenhouse plant in flower, Mr.
Ward, Mr. J. Meadows, and Mr. S. Harvey, Elythe
Street Nursery, were respectively ist, 2d, and 3d. For
the best greenhouse foliage plant — ist, Mr. G. Kirke,
gr. to John Whitman, Esq., 7, Villa Road. Nottingham,
for Dasylirion gracile ; 2d, Mr. [. Ward, for the rare
Beaucarnea recurvata — a very old plant. Table plants
were of the usual character, and contained nothing
that was novel in sorts. Exotic Ferns were shown
in considerable abundance, and many plants of a
large size were observed in the different lots. Here
Mr. J. Ward took the ist prize for Microlepia hirta,
a large, healthy specimen ; Gymnogramma Laucheana,
Neottopteris Nidus-Avis, over 6 feet in height ; Gleichenia
rupestris glaucescens. Cyalhea Smithi, and a Dicksonia
antarctica. 2d, Mr. Eddington, gr. to H. Ashwell. Esq.,
Woodthorpe Cottage, with two good plants of Gymno-
gramma dealbataand sulphurea ; 3d, Mr. Swanwick. In
the class for three exotic Ferns, Mr. Lyon and Mr. J. Mea-
dows divided the honours. The best single specimen
brought a fine example of Cibotium Schiedei from Mr.
German, who was placed ist, whilst Mr. Lyon took 2d for
a robust Woodwardiaradicans,and S. Thacker, Esq., 3d.
A few examples of Tree Ferns were also shown, but there
was nothing calling for especial mention — Mr. Ralphs,
gr. to — Booth, Esq., being ist, and Mr. Meadows 2d.
Some well grown Tuberous Begonias wer^; shown by Mr.
Sam. Harvey, these consisted of oldj kinds, but teUing
colours — a ist prize was awarded ; Mr, E. Wooley,
gr. to Mrs. Herbert, The Ropewalk, Nottingham, was
awarded the 2d, and Mr. Ralphs the 3d prize. Some bril-
liant zonal Pelargoniums as medium-sized examples were,
with no name attached, exhibited by Messrs. J. R. Pearson
&Sons. Itismuch to be regretted that the naming of exhi-
bits is not more insisted on at horticultural shows, and here
this defect was abundantly noticeable in almost every class,
robbing the show of much of its \-^i\\\^\,o connoisseurs ?lX\A
professionals. Coleus were observed in considerable
variety, but none were particularly novel ; the hke may
be remarked of Caladiums.

The Fuchsias had the centre portion of a large
marquee to themselves, being arranged in two imposing
straight hues down the entire length, and were almost
without exception good specimens of culture. They
were all grown as pyramids, aqd would range from 6 — 7
feet in height, regular, even, and mostly full of flower.
For the best six, ist, Mr. German ; 2d. T. Argill,
Esq. For the best three, 1st, Mr. Wooley ; 2d, Mr.
German. Gloxinias were exhibited in some numbers,
but were below the standard we have seen them further
south ; and zonal and double-flowering Pelargoniums
were not very brilliant of their kind. Some nice healthy
pans of Selaginellas were exhibited by Mr. Collins, gr.
to H. M. Barns. Esq., Elm Bank, but there was no
competition. A few Orchids added their attractions to
the show, Mr. J. Edmonds showing a very fine and large
Laiha purpurata ; Mr. Meadows a grand bit of Oncidium
macranthum, a small Cattleya Mendeli, and Cypripe-
dium barbatum, and a good variety of Epidendrum vitel-
linum. The Petunia was shown by Mr. H. Ralphs,
who obtained the ist prize for two doubles and two
singles ; Mr. Ward the 2d, and Mr. Meadows, 3d.

The cut blooms were well shown by — ist, Mr. Lyon,
with chiefly stove blooms, in well chosen kinds ; 2d, Mr.
Ward; 3d, Mr. Swanwick. gr. to C. J. Seeley, Esq.,
M.P. The hardy herbaceous plants came out in great
force, exhibidng their use in certain kinds of gardening,
but almost useless to those unacquainted with them, by
reason of the general omission of the names. Bouquets,
table decorations, buttonhole bouquets, in all imaginable
varieties, were there. Of the first-named, we are forced
to admit, they did not e.xactly please us — the arrange-
ment wanting a lighter hand. Indeed it is doubtful il a
heavy-handed gardener has the requisite lightness of
touch that is essential for the good boiKjuct maker.
Some good intermediate Stocks were seen, Mr. J. Fol-
jambe being ist, Mr. J. Collins 2d. and Mr. Corah 3d.
Roses of course found a prominent place at the
show — some few good flowers, considerering the pre-
valent dry weather, were observed in all the col-
lections. The winner of the ist prize for the champion
bloom was Mr. J. Foljambe, on whose stand were
nice blooms of Dupuy Jamain, Etienne Levet, Alfred
Colomb, Franfois Michelon, Dr. Andry, Louis van
Houtte — the winning bloom being Baron Bonstettin.
Mr. H. Frettingham took the ist prize for the best
thirty-six single trusses, his Baroness Rothschild,
Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Marie Baumann, Souvenir dc
Spiie. Lady Sheffield, and Dr. Andry being very good.
For twenty-four single trusses Mr. Howe was placed ist,
the stand showing fair examples of Camille Bernardin,
Dr. Andry, A. K. Williams, Madame Victor Verdier,
and Dupuy Jamain ; 2d, Mr, J. Foljambe, whose Charles
Lefebvre, Captam Christy, and Marie Baumann were of
some merit ; 3d, Mr. H. Frettingham ; 4th, Mr. F.
Yates ; sth. Mr. C. R. Palmer. Mr. J, Foljambe won
also the ist prize for the best dozen distinct blooms, his
Alfred Colomb, Etienne Levet, and Dupuy Jamain being
good examples ; Mr. Howe was awarded ifie 2d prize,
Mr, Frettingham 3d, and Mr. Yates again had to be
contented with the 4th place.

Fruit.— For the fruit prizes some very superior items
were staged, the ist prize for the collection of six varieties

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

59

being tal<en by Mr. ]. Edmonds, with a handsome Queen
Pine, just in the right state ; very lar£:e Chancellor
Peaches, Highcross Hybrid Melon, and Black Grapes,
well coloured and large in bunch and berry ; Muscat of
Alexandria were also of fair quality. The 2d prize was
awarded to Mr. J. Ward, who had splendid Muscat
Hamburgh Grapes and Queen Pines ; 3d, Mr. Roberts,
gr., Prestwold, who had Stirhng Castle Peach in fine
order ; 4th. Mr. Webb. Fur Black Hamburgh Grapes,
two bunches, ist. Mr. J. Edmonds, with heavily-
shouldered, perfectly bhtck bunches; 2d, Mr. J. Ward,
a good sample, also remarkable for colour ; 3d, Mr. D.
Melville, gr. to Mrs. Hornsby. Tlie white Grapes were
generally good in colour and not deficient in oilier
qualities : 1st, Mr. German, for Muscat of Alexandria
of medium sized bunch but large of berry ; 2d, Mr.
Webb, gr. to J. H. N. Sutton, Esq., Kelham Hall, (or
good bunches of Foster's Seedling ; 3d, Mr. Eb-
butt, gr. to F. Wright, Esq. Foster's Seedhng Grape
was shown by a great number of the unsuccessful men.
Pines seem to find favour in the county, and many tine
examples were seen in the two classes in which they
came. For the best fruit Mr. Roberts was awarded 1st
prize for a Queen of fine proportions ; Mr. J. Edmonds
2d for the same variety ; 3d, Mr. T Hare. gr. to R. H.
Neville, Esq., Grantham. There was an abundance of
seasonable small fruits, the Strawberries being especially
fine.

The Vegetable classes brought many good things
forward. Cauliflowers, Cucumbers, Cabbages, Onions,
and Toniatos being the best of them. Peas were
generally small of pod, and Potatos very inferior, both in
size and outward appearance.

Messrs. Barron & Son, Elvaston, exhibited a group in
the open of handsome Conifers, HoUies, and other
hardy trees and shrubs, as also did Mr. Burrel, nursery-
man. Local and distant firms contributing specimens ol
hothouses, patent glazing, &c.

Cbe Mcatbcr.

O U

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,

For the \\

EEK

Ekding Wednesday, Ji'LY q

.883.

Hj'Krome-

tricai De-
ductions
from

Temperature of

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•0,0786.560.526.072.34-10.0593, 62J ■ £ ■
0.03 77.061.0 16.066.4

— o.oT 71.6 g6. 8 14.861.3

— 001 77.0
— aogjS
—0.21 3

55.2 31 8 64.9

I

0.00
4-4962.81 88.jlgg£ ooB
— 0,356.3 81 jW. SVV. 0.13
+ 3.156.4 73 : S. 0.00

56.038.070.8 -(- 8.8 56.1 60
52.5I21. 5'70. 8 -t- 8.760.8! 69I

Mean: 29.76 — o.c6So.6 58.1 23.5168.0 -f- 6.358.5 72

3.E. :

o.oo
0.00

July 3.-

— 5--

— 6,

— 7.

— 8.-

— 9-

-Very fine day and night.

-Distant thunder between 12.30 P..M. and i P.M. Very
fine day and niqhl.

-Dull, rain from 2 p.m. to 3 F.M., fine aftei wards.

-Occasional light showers of rain, one flash of light-
ning with thunder in the afternoon. Fine clear
night.

-Dull morning, fine afternoon and evening.

-Very fine day, cloudy at mimight.

-Fine day, few spots of rain falling at 2 50 P.M. Fine
afterwards.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 5, the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.17 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.99 inches by 3 p.m. on
June 29th, increased to 30.22 inches by 9 .\.M.,
decreased to 30.20 inches by 3 p.M^, and increased to
30.23 inches by midnight on July I, decreased to
29. 98 inches by 3 p.m. on the 3d, decreased to 29 SS
inches by 3 p.m. on the 4th, and was 29.98 inches
by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
at the level of the sea was 30.05 inches, being 0.06
inch lower than last week, and 0.06 inch higher than
the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 86". 5, on July 4th ; the
highest on June 29'h was 73'. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 78' 2

The lowest temperature was 52°, on June 30th ;
on July 5th the lowest temperature was 61°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 56^.4.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
29°, on July 3 ; the smallest was 16°, on June 29
and July 5. The mean of the seven daily ranges was
2i°,8.

The mean temperatures — on June 29, 62°.9 ; on the
30lh, 63°.2 ; on July i, 65''.4 ; on the 2d, 64°.4 ; on
the 3d, 69°.3 : on the 4lh, 72°.3; and on the 5th,
66''.4 ; and these were all above their averages by
l".6, 2°, 4°.2, ^".l, 8". I, 10°, and 4". 9 respectively.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 144°, on the 4th. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 128^.9.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
was 44°. Si on June 30. The mean of the seven
readings was 47''.4.

J!ain. — Rain fell on two days, to the amount of
0.19 inch.

England : Temperature,- — During the week ending
July 5 the highest temperatures were 8S°.2, at
Cambridge, 86°. 5 at Blackheath, 85°. 8 at Notting-
ham ; the highest at Sunderland was 66°, at Ply-
mouth 73°, and at Bristol 73°.?. The general mean
was 79". 5.

The lowest temperatures were 43°. 2 at Notting-
ham, 44° at Truro, 45°. 5 at Wolverhampton, ; the
lowest at Liverpool was 54°. 5, at Preston 54", and
at Blackheath, Bolton, and Bradford 52°. The
general mean was 49°. 3.

The greatest ranges were 42°. 6 at Nottingham,
4t°.5 at Cambridge, 34°.Sa' Blackheath ; the smallest
ranges were 16° at Sunderland, 22°. 5 at Liverpool,
25°. I at Bolton. The general mean was 30°.2.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
8i°.3 at Cambridge, 8o°.9 at Nottingham, 7S°.2 at
Blackheath ; was lowest at Sunderland, 61°.!, at
Plymouth 69°.9, and at Bristol 7o".9. The general
mean was 74". 2.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Preston, 57°.4, at Liverpool 57°, at Black-
heath 56°.4 ; and was lowest at Hull, S0°.4, at
Cambridge and Wolverhampton 51°. The general
mean was 54°. I.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
30°. 3, at Nottingham 29°.4, at Hull 26°. 4 ; and was
least at Sunderland, 8°. 5, at Liverpool 16°, at Ply-
mouth and Preston i6°.3. The general mean was
20°. I.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
66°.3, at Leeds 64.°. 6, at Cambridge 64°. 3 ; and was
lowest at Sunderland, 54°.9, at Plymouth 59°.9, at
Bristol 60^.3. The general mean was 62°. 3.

/iaiii. — The largest fall was 2.30 inches, at Bristol,
of which 2.15 inches fell on June 29, 0.67 inch at
Hull, 0.60 inch at Liverpool ; the smallest fall was
0.02 inch at Brighton, 0.04 inch at Bradford, and
0 05 inch at Leeds. The general mean was 0.43
inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing July 5, the highest temperature was 80°, at
Edinburgh ; at Aberdeen the highest wa567°.s. The
general mean was 74°. i.

The lowest temperature in the week was 5o°.5,
at Glasgow ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
52°. The general mean was 51°. 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
63°. 5, and lowest at Aberdeen, 56°.9. The general
me<in was 59°. 8.

Rain. — The largest fall of rain was 1.49 inch, at
Greenock ; and the smallest fall was 0.02 inch, at
Aberdeen. The general mean fall was o. 5 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Law Notes.

Benyon v. Grieve and Smith. — In the High
Court of Justice, Chancery Division, Mr. Justice Kay
had recently before him the case of the Rev. E. R.
Benyon, deceased— Benyon v. Grieve and Smith, of
Bury St. Edmunds. This case raised a short but
rather interesting point of construction affecting the
defendant, Mr. Peter Grieve. Mr. Smith, one of the
defendants, claimed under the will of the deceased
;£"ioo, a year's wages, and after a very short time the
judge decided that Smith, being a servant at the time
of the decease of Mr. Benyon, was undoubtedly
entitled to that sum. As to Mr. Grieve the case pre-
sented a different aspect. According to the report in
the Times, the will of the testator, who died in July,
18S3, contained a bequest in the following terms : —
'* To each of my servants who shall at my death have
been in my service twelve calendar months or longer,
one year's wages, in addition to anything owing by
me, and to my gardener, Peter Grieve, 1^300 in addi-
tion." In the will itself the clause read : — " To each
of my servants who shall at my death have been in my
service twelve calendar months or longer, one year's
wages, in addition to anything owing by me. And to
mygardener, PeterGrieve, /300 in addition." The will
was dated November23, 1S76, and in August, iSSo, Mr.
Grieve, who had been in the testator's service for 33
years, relinquished his situation, so that the question

arose whether in these circumstances he was entitled
to the legacy of ^^300 or not. It appeared that when
he left the testator made him a present of ^100, though
this fact did not, of course, allect the construction to be
put upon the will. Mr. Grosvenor Woods and Mr.
Jason Smith (instructed by Messrs. W. Salmon cS:
Son, of Bury St. Edmunds) appeared for the several
parties. Mr. Justice Kay said that, striking out the
words in the middle of the bequest " in addition to
anything owing by me," could there be any reasonable
doubt that what followed "and to my gardener,
Peter Grieve, j^300 in addition," was governed by the
condition precedent that the servant should have been
in his service during the twelve months preceding the
testator's death ? To what could the expression " in
addition " apply, except to the year's wages, which
were only given on that condition precedent ? In his
lordship's opinion such condition applied both to the
wages and to the legacy, and this construction was
unaltered by the restoration of the words with refer-
ence to anything owing. As Mr. Grieve, therefore,
did not fulfil the condition, he was not entitled to the
7^300. The costs of both parties the judge ordered
should be paid out of the estate.

Answers to Correspondents.

Fasciation : J . C. This condition is very common in
Asparagus. In your case the edges ol the upper coils
have become united so as to form a cup.

Fruit Spurs : Enquirer. Undoubtedly they are
branches, but branches adapted for a particular pur-
pose. The cellular part preponderates over the woody
or fibrous portion, as might be expected wlien the use
of the spur as a depot for nutritious matter is con-
sidered.

Grapes ; J. Calvert. The heaviest bunch of Grapes
that we have any record of was the bunch of Trebbiana
exhibited in Edinburgh in September, 1075, by Mr.
Curror, of Eskbank, Dalkeith, and which weighed
26 lb. 4 oz. — C. D. Some of the berries are shanked,
and others scalded. The former is brought about
generally by a combination of evils at the roots ; the
latter by the sun catching the berries early in the d.iy
while bathed in atmospheric moisture. — W. Toomer.
The small caterpillar which has attacked your Grapes
is the larva of a little moth (Lobesia reliquana). A
correspondent, who wrote about the same pest in our
number for August 19. 1882, states that as soon as dis-
turbed it will drop from the bunch, and can then be
easily caught. We have had it from one or two other
sources this season.

Names of Plants : '/. B. y. Euphorbia Laihyris
(the Caper Spurge).— Z>. D. i, Hypericum perloraiuui ;
2. Erylhrcea Centaurium ; 3, Carduus nutans ; 4,
Echium vulgare ; 5, Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane) ;
6, Rumex crispus. — A. W. Heraclcum giganleum. —
T, I. &" Sons. Poa trivialis.

Oaks in the Ardennes : C. N. Our correspondent
in Namur states that the leaves of the O.iks have bet^n
almost completely destroyed by the caterpillar of a
moth (Tortrix viridana).

Scottish Pansy Society : A Subscriber. No report
was sent by the secretary.

Strawberries : P.. IV. Hoare. We cannot attempt to
name .Strawberries from a couple of berries reduced to
pulp before they reach us.

*»* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not tu the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
■written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 4r, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the Post
Olhce, Drury Lane, London, W.C.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and nut
to the Editor.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Stephen Brown, Weston-super-Mare — Seeds for
Summer and Autumn Sowing.

J. Brunell & Co., 10, Great Queen Street, West-
minster, S.W. — Horticultural Buildings.

EUGiNE Vervaet de Vos, Swynaerde, near Ghent,
Belgium — Indian Azaleas, and other Stove and
Greenhouse Plants.

Communications Received :—E. M. (many thanks).— J. V.
i S.— F. Sander & Co.— E. P. -C. H.— Lucombe, Pince &
Co.— F. K., Namur (best thanks).-J. H.— Wright & Co. (2).
— T. C— J. A. D., Boston, U.S (many thanks).— P. MacO.,
Cape Town.— H. G. S— W. V.-W. H. L.-J. B. W.— W.
W. G.-J. O'B.-T. W.

DIED, at "View Villa, Kilmarnock, on the 5th inst.,
Robert Paton, of the firm of Wm. Samson & Co.,
seedsmen, aged seventy-five years. Friends will please
accept this intimation.

6o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 1884.

Marluls.

COVEN 1 GARDEN, 'July lo.

The soft fruil season has now well set in, and supplies
are more than equal to the demand, prices all round
being much lower. Business flat. James Webber, W/mIc-
sale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d, s.d.

Cherries, J^-'-ieve .. 7 0-12 o
Currents, \AaCh,, per

% sieve .. ..36-40
Fiys, per dozen .. 20-30
Grapes, per lb. .. a o- 5 o

s.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case. . 10 o- 14 o
Piiie-apples. Eng .lb- 2 o- 30
— St.Michael's.each 2 0-50
Strawberiies, per lb, 04-10
I Ktaches. per doz, .. 2 o-iz o

Vegetables —AvHRAGB Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. .. ..30-50

A&par<igus, English,
per 100 ..40-80

Aubergities, each .. 04- ..

Ueaii^, Kiench, p. 100 16-..

Hctt, perdoi. .. 10- ..

Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-,.

Cairoti. per bun. .. 08- ..
— t^ew FreoLh, per
bunch ., ..13-..

CauiiHowers, Eng-
lish, duien.. .. 20-30

Celery per bundle,. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ,.06-10

Endive, French, per

opzen .. .. 2 o- ..

Garlic, per lb. .,06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. o a- o 4

ForATOS —Old Rotates fioished. New— Jersey kidneys much
diseastd — stopf ed cominE ; Ken: kidi eys, j^? co jfig per ten.

Plants in Pots — Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish bund. 30-40
Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-..

— Cos, each . . 02- . .
Marrows, each .. o 6- ,.
Mint, green, bunch. . 06-,.
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Unions, per bunch ..09

— Spring, per bun. 00-,.
Paisley, per bunch. , og- ..
Peas. English, quart 1 0- . .
Radishes, per do*. .,16-,.
Rhubaib, per bund, 04-06
Small saladiDg. per

punnet .. ..04-..

Spinach, per strike,. 30-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun. .. 08-..

*. d. s. d.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vitac (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 4 o- g o
Clock-combs, d iz. .. 30-00
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term, doj,..3o 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz. .12 0-24 o
£rica, various, doz. 12 o 48 o
Euonyraus, various,

per dozen .. ..9 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

pel doze ., ,.6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 o-iS o

Ficus etastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each ,. ..2 o-io o

*. d. s. d.

Fuchsias, per dor. .. 40-120
Heliotrope, doz, ., 40-90
Hydrangea, per doi. 9 o- 18 o

— paniclata. doz. 18 0-36 o
Lilium loDgiflorum,

per dozen ,. 34 0-36 o

— lancifoUum, doz. 9 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..8 0-18 o
Mignonette, per dor. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 0 c-ia o
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums (show)

per dozen .. .. 6 0-18 o

— scarlet, per doz . , 3 c- 9 o
Petunias, per daiten 0 0-12 o
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 6 o- q o
Spirxi, per dozen . , 8 0-12 o
hpirxa paLmata, doz. 18 o 30 o

Cut Flowers,— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. 5. d.
Abutilon. i> bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, la bims. 30-60
Bouvardias, per bun. o 9- i o
Calceolaria, lasprays 06-10
Caruations, 12 bun. 20-60
Cornflower, 12 bun . 20-40
Eschschoilzia,i2bun. 20-40
Eucharis, pet doz, .. 30-40
Forget- me-not, 12

bunches .. a o- 6 o

Gardenias, 12 bIms.. 30-60
Gladiolus, various,

12 buuches .. 20-90

Heliotropes. 12 so. .. o 6- i o
Ins, various, 12 bun, 3 o-ia o
i^pageria, white, la

blooms , . ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Marguentes, iz bun. 30-60

t. d. s. a.
Mienonetle, 12 bun. 30-60
Pelargoniums, per iz
sprays .. .,06-10

— zonal, 12 sprays o 3- o g
Pinks,various,i2 bun. 20-60
Pnmula. double, bun. 10-16
Pyretburm, 12 bun. 20-60
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 6 o-ia o
Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40

— (outdoor), 12 bun, 30-90

— coloured, doz. .. 20-00
Stephanoti-', la spr. 20-40
Stocks, 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas, la bun. 16-40
Sweet Sultan,i2 buQ. 20-60
Tropaeolum, 12 bun, 16-30
Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-16
White Jasmine, btin. 06-10

SEEDS.

LONDOM ; yuly 9. — The seed market to-day ruled
quiet. New Trifolium, both English and ioreign, is
now appearing and meets with fair enquiry. Rape seed
has become exceedingly scarce. Hemp seed, being in
short supply, is held lor more money. There is no
change in Canary seed. Fine blue Peas have now got
into narrow compass. Other articles at this inactive
season offer no subject for remark. John Shaw fir» Sons,
Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane. London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane, on Monday, English Wheat maintained
late value, but foreign was hardly so well supported.
The flour trade was very slow. Beans and Peas were
without alteration. Maize was quiet, and common quali-
ties of Oats were 2>^. lower. — On Wednesday sales
of Wheat to any extent were impracticable, and the little
that was done showed easier rales. Flour was exceed-
ingly dull, and the tone depressed. Barley was quiet.
Oats of common qualities were again ^d. lower. Beans and
Peas remained unaltered, and Maize rather easier in all
positions. — Average prices of corn for the week ending
July 5 :— Wheat. 37J. id. ; Barley, 23^. 5^, ; Oats,
235. td. For the corresponding period last year: —
Wheal, 421. 4-/, ; Barley, 28J. iid. ; Oats, 23 f. 5*/.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

POTATOS.

The average prices during the week were as follows :
— Kidneys, i20i. to 140J. per ton ; Midas, iooj. ; Early
Rose, 120J. ; Regents, 120s. Foreign— Jerseys, 150^. to
160J. ; Cherbourg, x-zos. to 150J. ; rounds, 120J, to 130J.
per ton ; Dutch, 2.s. 6d. per basket. — The imports into
London during last week comprised 3397 cases from
Cherbourg, 100 tons St. Malo, 4018 packages 70 tons
Jersey, 439 baskets Rotterdam, 16 casks Boulogne, and
490 boxes from Barfieur.

PRACTICAL HOKl ILUL1UR.\L and HfcAtlN'G
ENu!NEfc,RS. and Manufacturers of Every Class of BUILD-
INGS. MARKET GROWING HOUSES, PLANT and
MELON FRAMES, &c., from /[ 16s. Apply for Price LIST.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without excepiifin the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden >hould
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. S'zes and prices, carriage paid to any iiation
in England, ready glazed and painted:—

6 Teet long. 4 feel wide, packing cases free
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, »

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ .*

12 feet long, 5 leet wide, ,, ,. _ m

'the glass is nailed and puttied in.

£2 t5

4 15

3 15

6 10

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Eneineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10 GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W. ;

and LOUGHBOROUGH JONCTIOK, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES,
in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
iviih Prices, Post-free,

Patent EXCELSIOR Lawn Mower

the Best in the World.

To practically demonstrate its superiority
over all other Machines, the EXCELSIOR
will be shown in actual work every Thursday
and Saturday, on the
Crystal Palace Lawn,
near the sieps leading to
the grounds. Gardeners
and Amateurs are invited
to test its cutting powers
on the grass.

CHADBORN &

2J3. UPPER

Makers ; —

corn WELL MFG. CO.,

THAMES STREET.

LONDON, E.G.

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSElEY road. BIRMINGHAM.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS,

the Largest Assortment in London at

B. HOLLIDAY'S SHOW BOOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.
For Price, b^c, see Catalogue.

WATER BARROWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS,

LAWN MOWERS, &:c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORV WIREWORK,

tee Special Catalogue.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on al^plication to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORl ICULTURAL WORK, hee of
charge and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C. _ . .

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application^

■^GLASSHeUSES S<»EATmC,:

B-W-WARWU-RST

xHIGHCAI'E ROAD .LONDON.N.m

TIFFANY and SCRIM for Protecting Fruit
Trees and Greenhouse Shading, from -id. per yard.
TANNED NETTING in all widths at wholesale prices.
RUSSIAN MATS of every description at reduced prices, and
RAFFIA FIBRE. Price List on application at

J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London, E.C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS. STOURBRIDGE.

The Best
■'] and Qolclcest
Madei

4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pines. 5 feet long, 41. jrf each ;

4-m. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 4J. f}d. each.

Price List on afifiltcativn.

HOSE— HOSE— HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. La-ts four times as I ^ng as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose. Lighter in Weight. Greater in Streneih, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes :— " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as R-od as ever.''

Private Customers Supplied at Trade PrUes.

Sample and Price ol

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63, LrfDng Acre, London, W.C

JOLY 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

61

♦,* Awarded the FIRST PRIZE

AT EACH OF THE

THREE GREAT CONTESTS-

Birmiugham, 1874,

Manchester, 1881,

London, 1882. •••^^fo.'V* *^.'

^^i^^^-^V* .•• ALSO FOR

^/^^••"*' PONY and
^.V-'" HORSE-POWER.

Send for Illuslrated Price Lists
to the SOLE MAKERS,

THE OKLY

GOLD
MEDAL

EVEE OFFERED
IN ENOLAMD.

JOHN CROWLEY &, CO., SHEFFIELD.

MEDALS-Belfast, 1844; London. 1851, 1862 and (Gold) 1870; Paris (Gold), 1867;
Eublm, 1865 and 1872 ; Belfast, 1870 ; Puiladelphia, 1876.

John S. Brown and Sons,

BELFAST,

(registered trade riark)

IRELAND,

MANUFACTURERS BY HAND AND POWER OF

Table Linens, Sheetings,
Pillow Linens,
Fronting and Body Linens,
Irish Point Lace and Cambric
Handkerchiefs,

I

Diapers, Huckaback, and Fancy

Towels,
Glass and Tea Cloths, Lawns,
Hemstitched Linen Cambric

Frilling, &c.

All our Fabrics are made of the best Irish and Courtrai Flax, spun, woven, and bleached in
Ireland ; and the Patterns woven in our Table Linen are designed by Irish Artists, which have for
many years excelled those of any other country.

VV£ WARRANT ALL OUR GOODS TO G/VE SATISFACTION IN WEAR, AND THEY CAN BE
HAD FROM ANY RESPECTABLE LINEN DRAPER.

Purchasers must see that our Trade Mark Ticket, as above, is on each article.

DEANE&CO.'S GARDEN FURNITURE

LAWN MOWERS.
20 PER, CENT.

FOR CASH OFF MAKERS'
PRICES.

Cania&e Paid.

GARDEN ENGINES

12 gall., 631.; 16 gall., Zos,

GAKDEN ROLLERS.

Single Cylinder.

i6-in., 32^.; 18-m., 35J.; 20-in., 45J.

Z3-m., S2J. ; 24 in., 63J.: 26-in., 8oj.

Double Cylinder.
i8-in., saj.: 2o-in., 6of . ; Z3-in , ^os.
24-in-, 80J.; 26-in., goi'. ; aS-in., 115J.

PATENT WATER BALLAST
ROLLERS.

All the best makes ot Lawn Mowers
in Stock — EXCELSIOR. IN-
VINCIBLE. SHANK S',
GREEN'S, RANSOME'S, EASY.

Strong Wood Barrow .
Ditto, with looie top

Swing Water Barrow,
with galvanised cistern,
15 gall., 301.; 2ogall.,3&i.
3ogall., 46J.; 4ogall., 54*-

Suburban Seat, 5 ft. 173-.; 6ft.,i9J.
Strong and easy. the cheapest 'eat made.
Garden Seats in Great Variety.

Iron

GARDEN

Table.

2t in. diam.

price -iis.

Summer Houses, Vases, Water Carts, Wire Netting, Hurdles, and Tools of all Descriptions.
DEANE AND CO.S ILI^USTRATED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN FURNITURE GRATIS AND POST-FREE,
UtANi. AND K.^. J^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ .^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Railway Station. Discount op cash paymenls.

DEANE & CO.. 46, King William Street. LONDON BRIDGE. E.C.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3jd.

\V. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

IN WHITE GLASS,

TABLE J ELLI E S,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samcles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Anntxe.

BENSON'S

WORKMAN'S

SILVER ENGLISH LEVER.
£5:5:0

s

PECIALLY MADE TO KEEP PER-
FECT TIME.

s

TAND rough weak and

AST A lifetime.

"N ALL SIZES.

pAPPED, JEWELLED, and

A

LL LATEST IMPROVEMEMTi.

rs WITHOUT EXCEPTION THE

B

EST WATCH MADE FOR THE

Y\/*J1*K'NG CLASSES, AND AL).

VX/^HO REQUIRE A WAICH OF

QPECIAL STRENGTH and ACCURACY.

yyELIVERED FREE, and at OURTRl'SKi

'po ALL PARTS for P.O.O,, or CASH BY
_

EGISTERED LETTER to VALUE OF

"PIVE GUINEAS— by

J. W. BENSON,

THE STEAM FACTORY,

LUDGATE HILL LONDON, F.C.

Illustrated LISTS pJ this IValch and all
others made at the Steam Fac.ory free en
application.

The Original and only Genuine Stevens'
Trentham Rivetted Boiler,

All others are simply imitations.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High Quality. Larsett Stack in iht Country.
4.inch Pipes. IJ. ^d. per yard.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle HIU Foundry, Newcastle,
BtaffOrdSblre. This Advertisemeot appeals alternate week..

62

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 12, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line cJtar^ed as two.

4 Lines

f.o

3 0

15 Lines

ir.o 8

6

5

0

T 6

16 „

0 9

e

6

0

4 0

17 „

0 9

6

7

0

4 6

18 „

0 10

0

8

0

19 „

0 10

6

9

0

■i 6

20 .,

0 II

0

10

0

6 0

21 „

0 II

f,

11

0

6 6

22 „

0 12

0

12

0

23 „

0 12

6

13

0

7 6

24 „

0 13

0

14 ,

0

8 0

25 „

0 13

6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL

LINE

If set across col

umns, the lowest charge

will be

3OJ.

Page

ll

0

0

Half Page

•i

0

0

Column

3

5

0

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words IS. td., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BS PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. -- Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the antliorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, ^s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable in advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £i 3s, lod. • 6 Months,

lis. lid. • 3 Months, ts.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

jCi bs. lor IS Months ; India and China, £,1 Zs. 2d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C.

Important Saving of Coal.

THE NEW HORIZONTAL TUBULAR
BOILER, " RED ROSE," will be at the Newcastle-on-
Tyne Horticultural Show, July 2;i, for the inspection of the
Judges. J. Wn MF.RSPOON. of the Red Rose Vineries, Chester-
le-Sireet (where the Boiler may be seen at work), for years has
been studying the wants of Gardeners and Nurserymen, and
now their inspection, and the inspection of all interested in
Eccnomic and Efficient Heating Power, is respectfully invited.
No brickwork, no soot-stoppings, can be set up, and, if neces-
sary, any portion can be replaced, or taken out entirely, by any
person, in a few mmules. The Boiler. Red Rose, with power
extended at pleasure, is the long hoped for.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.G. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE.— Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL.
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Inconne, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman :— Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.G.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal — Mr. H. E. Milner, A.M. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 pm- Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literaiure, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNHR has moved his OtTices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price 25J.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6d.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 5s. 6d.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Illustrations, 8vo, cloth. Price qs.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo,
cloth. Price 5s.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self- Instruct ion and ' the Use of Schools. Priiie
IS. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvcne
Street, £.C.

DAFFODIL CONFERENCE

AT SOUTH KENSINGTON.

Two Large COLOURED PLATES (19 in. X 13 in.) of

"DAFFODILS."

Price 6d. each, Post-free jd.

W. RICHARDS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS:—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout i'hc
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 63. per Annum.

Single Copies, dd, ; Stamped, -jd.
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The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

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Street. E.G.
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^^ Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices fat the use of Advertisers.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'AKBOR I CULTURE,,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Blirve-
NiCH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, lai. per annum.

H. 1. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGEKE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural'
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre'. C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Gr6pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonee van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jonglcindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaen, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, U.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulte, J. van Volxem,
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous-
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Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year^
11.T., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-oflice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAEKT^
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

Farms. Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purcha.sing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
//f r-rt/rf OiTice, Birmingham." Th« Midland Counties Hi-ra la.
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY I'RTNTRD,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.

To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,

It is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is Reliable,

because its Editor and Contributors are all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable,

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the wc rk of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It Is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, ^s. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on New- York or LondoJi.

B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publisliers,

34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK, U.S.A.

Works for tbe Possessors of Gardens.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earlev, Author of '* How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Grown
8vo, with Coloured Frontis ce. Price 4^. 6a.

LOUDON'S LADIES'

MRS.
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN.

COM-

A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price yj.

N GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-

DOORS. Uy Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price ij.

O
H

OW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.

By William Earlev. Price u. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earlev. Price is. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene
Street, E.G.

rPHE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of

X GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir Joseph
Paxton, M.P.

Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle, with numerous
Alterations and Additions.

Price 3(/. ; post-free ^J^t/.

Post-office Orders are to be made p; yable to Wm, Richards,
at Drury Lane, London. W.C.

Published at the Office of the Gardeners' ChronicU^ 41,
Wellington Street. W.C.

WANTED a HEAD WORKING
GARDENER, nge about 40, married and without

fan

V GARDENER, nge about 40, married and w
ily. Must be energetic, steady, and thoroughly experi
;very department. Stale wages with cottage. — A.
i;. . c \\f

lilhoi .

^, - S...J -..,..;rienced

.„ every department. Stale wages with cottage. — A. B.,
Wilton Street, S.W.

WANTED, in a Gentleman's Small Garden,
ID miles from London, a WORKING GARDENEK,
single man preferred. One Greenhouse and a Conservatory.
Must have good working knowledge of Flowers, Vegetables,
and Cows, Help is given. A good character indispensable. —
A. W. BENVON, Esq., Aylward, Slanmore, Middlesex

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, to
take charge of Houses. Must be well up in Stove
Plants, Orchids, and to Grow Cut Flowers for Market. Must
have had experience in Nursery Work. Will have to see to
Fires.— Mr. R. B. EVERED. Oatlaiids, Horlcy. Surrey.

WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, for
the Island of Jersey. Some experience. Good refer-
ences.— A. X. Z., Noirmont Manor, Jersey.

July 12, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

63

WANTED, as UNDER GARDENER, a
Strong and active man, who undersianils Vegetables iho-
roiighly, and Outdoor Work eeneraliy ; also to Assist in Houses,
and undertake Fowls. Boots, Knives, and Windows. Wapes 245.
—Apply by letter to Mr. RASCHEN. 5S, Tulse Hill, S.W.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a FORE-

MAN and PROPAGATOR. As it is a situation of
confidence and trust exceptional references as to efliciency,
honesty, and sobriety will be required. Must have a good
knowledge of Growing for Market. Specialites cultivated are
Roses, Strawberries, Tomatos, and Chrysantheiniuns, A young,
energetic man preferred. — Apply, by letter only, in own hand-
writuig, staling wages required, &c., to H. BENNETT.
Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepperton, Middlesex.

CANNELLandSONS aie"\VANTlNG

• a young MAN who well understands Picotees and
Carnations, Auriculas and Polyanthus, and to make them a
specialty. And also a MAN for Hotwaier Works, &c. — The
Home of Flowers, Swanley, Kent.

W^

\.NTED,

a

JOURNEYMAN,

who understanc

s Orchids.

A youni;

m.'Vn, well reconi-

mended.

Wages 2o.r. a

week.

-Mr

WEST,

Sunbury House,

Sunburj

-on-Thames.

WANTED, a young MAN, used to Rearing
and Growing Ferns, and to make himself generally
useful. One used to Growing for Market preierred. Wa^es to
commence at iSr. per week. — LEWIS and SON, Newtown
Nursery, Malvern.

WANTED, a single MAN, middle-aged
preferred, to look after a Small Garden, and Horse, &c.,
if required. To live in the house and make himself genfr.»lly
useful. All found. — Apply by letter, B., Wynnestay Lodge,
Tavistock Road, Croydon.

WANTED, a young MAN, to assist the
Propagator. Preference given to one from a Market
Nursery.— WILLIAM DEEDMAN. Titchfield, Hants.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, in one of the largest Seed Houses
in America, a young MAN, ihorouehly competent and
experienced in the Trade, to Receive, Examine and Store
Seeds in the Warehouse, to put up and Ship Orders, and to
take charge of and attend to the Trial Grounds. .\ liberal
salary and every encouragement will be given to a first-class
man. — Apply, slating age, experience, and where obtained, to
CHASE BROS.. Seed Merchants. Rochester, New York.

ANTED, as SHOPMAN, an active,

energetic young man, of good address. Quick at
Counter-work. Must have a knowledge of Plants, Flowers,
&c. — Apply, stating experience, references, and salary expected,
lo M. N.. Gardeners' Chronicie Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

W"" ANTED, a JUNIOR SH'oPMAnV in
Seed Shop in Loudon. A good Salesman. — Apply by
letter to H., Garaenen' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

W" ANTED, AT ONCE, for City, young
LADY, well up in Making of Buttonholes, Sprays,
&c One just out of apprenticeship preferred. State experi-
ence, salary, &c. — S., iS, Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

WANT PLACES.

%* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in tlieir dealings
•with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be Jinknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to iill ihe situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as G-VRDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

RI C H A R D SmTtH and C O.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

COTCH GARDENERS.

— John Downie. Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, wailing re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ;£5o to ^iod per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

Gardener" (Head) ; age 29, singliT^
£,$ Bonus to any one procuring Adverti;.er a situation as
above. Good reference. — W. H , 14. Pimlico Road, S.W.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no

family ; thoroughly experienced. Wife can attend to
lodge gate or assist in house, if required.— F. MOORE, 39,
Fleet Street. Rosehill, Derby.

ARDENER (Head). — Well up in New

Holland Plants, Vines, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. ;
eleven years' Colonial experience. — E, LANGTON, Faith
Cottages, Flumstead Common, Kent.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept. — Age 35, married, four children ; twenty-one
years' good practical experience; eight years' good character
from present employer.— G. MAY, Callow Hill, Virginia Water,
Staines.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— W. Bastin
is at liberty to engage with any l^dy or Gentleman
requiring the services of a thorough experienced Gardener.
Disengaged the end of July. Highly recommended by present
and previous employers.— W. BASTIN, Ashgrove Gardens,
Sevenoaks, Kent.

(■^ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, one

V^ child ; over twenty years practical experience in Early
and Late Forcing all kindb of Fruit, Orchids, Stove and Green-
house Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years'
good character.— H. S. V., Mr. W. Bull's Establi.shmeut for
New and Rare Plants, 536. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 45; well
versed in the general routine of a good Garden, in-
cluding the Forcing of Grapes, Pines, &c. Also understands
the Laying-out and Planning New Grounds, Stock. &c , if
required. Eleven years in present situation.— A. B., Rosa-
mond Cottages, Glover's Road, Reigate.

C:j.ARDENER (Head).— A^e 31 ; ^5 Bonus,
-^ The Advertiser, desiring an engagement lu the above
capacity, will give the above sum to any person who may he the
means ol his securing a suitable situation. Experienced in all
branches. First-class references and character. — • W. M ,
Pring's. Poltimore. near Exeter.

C:j.ARDENER (Head); married. — A

VJ Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener,
who has lived several years in his service, and who is now at
liberty. He is a most excellent, steady, and thoroughly trust-
woithy man, a good Gardener, and will receive the highest
character.-HENRY FENNELL, Grosvenor Street, Sandal
Lane, Waketield.

C|ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
-* Mr. Ironmonger, Graisley Hill, Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his late Head Gardener, who is thoroughly
competent to undertake the charge of any Lady's or Gentle-
man's Garden m all its requirements. Has had considerable ex-
perience at some of the leading places in England. — B.
GWVNNE, Railway Road, Alvechurch, near Redditch.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man. — Has
had great experience in Laying-out New Gardens and Improv-
ing Old ones ; aUo Early and Late Forcmg, and the General
Management of a Large Establishment. First-class recom-
mendations.—W. H., Mr. Selway's, Iron Gates, Ottery St.
Mary. Devon.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble-
man or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly
practical Gardener, whose qualifications are quite reliable
to produce by high-class culture all classes of Fruit, Flowers,
and Vegetables, and who thoroughly understands Orchids,
Stove-plants, both Hard-wooded and Soft-wooded Flowering
Plants for the Conservatory and Drawing-Room Decoration,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening in the various rotations
and Designs, Bouquet Making, and Dinner-table Decorations,
&c.— JNO. McNICOL, Waldecke Cottage, Lyne, near Virginia
Water Station, Chertsey.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept.— Age 27, single; thoroughly
experienced in all branches. First-class references.- G. W.,
I, Stafford's Place, Exmouth, Devon.

GARDENER (Head "Wor^king).- Age 32,
married, one child ; total abstainer. Fourteen years'
experience in all departments of Gardening.— A. BON WICK,
The Warren, Hever, Edenbridge, Kent.

GARDENER (He.a.d Working).— Age 38,
married, two children ; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Good character.— E. C, 2, Fiexton Terrace, Rye
Common. Hoddesdon, Herts.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING), where two
or three are kept.— Age 32, married ; understands Or-
chids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Melons, Cucum-
bers. Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Two years and
seven months good character. — G. CHILDS, Palmer's
Cottages, Lower Streatham, Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working), where

three or four are kept. — Age 32, single: thoroughly
experienced in all branches of the proiession. Can be highly
recommended. Six years and nine months in present situation.
Leaving of his own accord. — A. B., Morasion House, Ross,
Herefordshire,

GARDENER (HEAD Working), or the
MANAGEMENT of a Small Dairy Farm.— Age 40;
understands the business in all its branches. Six vears in last
place.— GARDENER, The Manse. Biggleswade, Beds.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given. — Age 31, married, no family ; wife good
Laundress. Four years' good character. — W. COLE, The Old
House, Esher, Surrey.

C:|.ARDENER (Second).— Age 27 ; has had
•^ good experience. Two and a half years* good character.
— H. P., 47, Upper Park Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.

GARDENER (Second), in a~ good estab^-
lishment. — Age 22 ; understands Plants, Fruit. Forcing,
&c. Seven years' sood practical experience. Good references.
— W. G.. Treeland Cottage, St. Vincent's Hill, Redland, Bristol.

GARDENER (Second), where three or
four are kept. — Age 22 ; has had seven years' experience
both in Houses and out.doors, ( )ne year and nine months good
character. — J. W., 55, Upper Park Road, Hampitead. N.W.

C4.ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
J Young; EOod Character,— LEWKS FITZJOHN,
Kingswalden, Hitchin. Herts.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years'

good character from present employer. In the houses
preferred. In or near London.— A. CROWSLEY, 40, Castle
Hill, Bedford.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; four
years" experience. Twelve months good character fram
last place.— G. HEAD.jThe Gardens. Beuarepairc Park, Basing-
stoke.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kepi. — Age 20 ; in last situation seven years. Wants
a change. Been used to In and Outdoor Work. Good character.
— J. IVES, 35, Palk Road, WellinEborough, Northamptonshire.

KITCHEN GARDENER.— A married man
(no family) desires to have charge of the Work of a
Large Garden (has been already so engaged for fourteen years),
or a place in a Kitchen Garden unuer the Head Gardener.
Good character. State wages to VINCENT, Mr. Ingram,
Walberton. Arundel, Sussex.

To Market Growers.

CYCLAMEN GROWER, first-class. — Age
32 ; ten years with H. R. Smith. Ealing Dean, and live
years with R. Clarke. Twickenham. Well up in Soft-wooded
Plants.— J. MAY, 2. May Villa, Isleworth.

L^ O R E M A N, in a good establishment.—

J- Age 26 ; good reference. — B. W., 47, Elgin Terrace,
Maida Vale, London, W.

ij^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 27, single ;
well up in Fruit and Plant Crowing, Forcing, Ptopa-
gatins, Table Decorations, &c. ; ftrst. class testimonials from
previous situations. Stale wages.- C. DUMPER, i, Myrtle
Cmtages, Bevois Hill, Southampton.

Ij^OREMAN (General); has had eleven

-L year;,' thorough experience in the routine of Gardeninp.
No objection to Manage a Nursery. Good references from all
precedmg situations. — Mr. G. D. VALLANCE, Head
Gardener to Dorrien Smith, Esq., The Gardens, Tresco, Isles
ol Scilly, Cornwall.

I^^OREMAN, o7 MANAGER, where Choice

J- Cut Flowers and Decorative Plants are required in quan-
tities to supply a First-class Trade, — Well up in Houqueis,
Wreaths, &c. Good character Irom present and previous
employers. —T. SNOW, York Street. Harborne, Birmingham.

jVlURSERY FOREMAN or MANAGER.—

-^* Middle-aged; thoroughly experienced in all branches
of the trade. Good references —M. W., Mr. Hall, Down Road,
Merrow, Guildford, Surrey.

OURNEYMAN (First), in a Nobleman's

or Gentleman's establishment, where Gardening is carried
on with spirit. Excellent character.— THOMAS GRIFFIN,
Blenheim Palace Gardens, Woodstock. Oxon,

TOURNEYMAN (First), m a good establish-

^ ment. — Age 22 ; good references as to character and ability.
West of England preferred.- T. TULLETT, The Gardens.
Hemstead Park, Bennenden, Kent.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good

t/ establishment. — Age 22 ; two years'good character from pre-
sent situation.— H. MOSCHAM, Wray Park, Reigale, Surrey.

TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish-

t/ ment where several are kept. — Age 19 ; four years' expe-
rience. Bothy preferred. — M, M.. The Gardens, Elmswood,
Ryder's Road, Wallon-on-Thames, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a

*-' Foreman. — Age 2a ; seven years' experience. Near
London preferred.— A. B., Buih Hill Lodge, Winchmore
Hill, Middlesex.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.—

^J Mr. Mitchell, Gardener to Sir George Elliot, Bart.,
M.P., can with confidence recommend A. C. Twilchen as above.
-Mr. MITCHELL or A. C. TWITCHEN, Aberaman Park
Gardens, Aberdare, South Wales.

T' ~0~NURSERYMEN.— ALFRED EVERETT,
late Foreman eighteen years to Messrs. James Garaway
& Co., Bristol, having recently resigned his engagement with
above, offers his services in a similar capacity. Can produce in
quantities Vines, Roses, Bouvardias, Pelargoniums, Poinsettias,
Double Petunias, Verbenas, &c. ; successful Cultivator of
Azaleas, Camellias, Eucharis, Double Primulas, and Plants for
Cut Flowers. Good Bouquetist. — 105, Elm Park, Brixton,
London, S.W,

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age i8 ; three years' good character.
Bothy preferred. Premium given. — T. H., Head Gardener,
Chacombe Priory, near Banbury.

Seed Trade.
TMPROVER, or SECOND SHOPMAN.—

-^ Age iq : three years in the trade. Good reference. —
B. PIERPOINT. 32. Horse Market, W.irrinaton.

fro GARDENERS.— Wanted to place a Boy

J- (age 15) in a Gentleman's Garden, where he may obtain a
knowledge of the profession. Small Premium not objected to.
— T,, 17. Wellington Road, Camberwetl, S.E.

UEED TRADE.— Advertiser (30 years of

^^ age), ten years in last situation, acting as Manager and
Book-keeper during the latter four years, seeks re-engagement
in a similar position, or as Head or Second Shopman, Testi-
monials will bear the strictest investigation. — SEEDS, Taylor
& Co., Staines, Middlesex.

pARPENTER, PAINTER, or HANDY-

>_/' MAN, on a Gentleman's estate. Good testimonials and
character from previous place'^. Total abstainer. — W. M.,
Cnrdefters' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — Pure Blood.—
When the Blood is pure, its circulation calm and equable,
and the nerves v/ell strung, we are well. These Pills possess a
marvellous power in securing these essentials of health, by
purifying, regulating, and strengthening the fluids and solids.
Holloway's Pills can be confidently recommended to all persons
suffering from disordered digestion, or worried by nervous
fancies, or neuralgic pains. They correct acidity and heart-
burn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of the liver, and
act as alteratives and gentle aperients. The weak and delicate
may take them without fear. Holloway's Pills are eminently
serviceable to invalids of irritable constitution, as they raise the
action of every organ to its natural standard, and universally
exeidse a calming and sedatire loilueDce.

64

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JULY II, 1884.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

Gold

and

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON,

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

suver and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

S.E.,

Medals

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22. 1SS3.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, \i,th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or
the Materials supplied.

^ See Gardeners' Chronicle, June 7, 1883.

ROYAL

AGRICULTURAL

SHREWSBURY,
JULY 12 TO 18.

SHOW,

These Frames
will be exhibited
at Stand 342 ;
also Improved
Boiler, Plant
House, &c.

These Frames
will be exhibited
at Stand 342 ;
also Improved
Boiler, Plant
House, &c.

FOSTER & PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS.

SMPLEI

LEAD

^mmm

Section 0/ a Rafter be/ore and after
Giazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labnur to fix ; brealtages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WI I H.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STRIPS,

Section 0/ a H'ltiJoui Sash-Bar be/ort and
after Glazing.

Write for Prospectus. Illustrations,
and Testimonials.

GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers. &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N

Editorial Communications should bo addre<sed to "The Editor ;" Adyertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, <t. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London W.C.
Printed by William Sichards. at the Office of Messrs. BKADBURy, Agnii%v, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Wbitefriars. City ol London, m ihc County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richakss, at the Office. 41, Wdlineton Street. Palish of St. Paul's, Coveot Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. July la, 1884. . . _,

Ageu (or Maacheun— John Hivnoos. Ageuii for Scotland— Muui, J. MxMiist & Co., Sdiubuigb and Cbigow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstatJlisijeti i84i.

No.

551.— Vol. XXII. {s^r'I} SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1884.

CONTENTS.

Apples, p.ickaee of
Begonia, the tuberous . .

.. Wallensieini
Books, Qotices of , ,
Butterflies as botanists . .
Catob Beans

Caterpillars on the Oalc . .
Caitleya guttata Wil-

liamsiana
Clerodendrons, culture of
Clover disease
Coionial notes
Colour blindness , ,
Cymbidiiim eburneurn
Drymonia mamioraia
Kremurus himalalcus
Florists' flowers
Flowers in season . .

,, and the Post-t Alice. .
ForeiKa seed crop pro-
spects
Forestry Exhibition, the

Inteniatioaal
Fruits under glass
Gladiolus Cotvilei albus ..
Ham House
Kitool fibre.,
Lily bed, a ..
Lo-fau-Shan Mountains,

the

Nepenthes, measuring ..
Ntw Orleans Exhibition,

the

Nottingham, notes from..

(Jhituary

Oncidium tricuspidatum..

Orchid notes

Orchids at Boclcing Place

Papaver umbrosum

Fetch borders

lie-

So-

Peach, Alexander, the ..
Peaches, large
Phlox Drummondi com-
pacta
., Miss Harrison
Plant, travels of a useful
Plants and their culture . .
„ choice, at Cam-
bridge
,. new garden
Potato I rjspects in

land
Potatos at Penge ..
Propagator, rhe ..
Royal Horticultural

ciely

SeneciUis carpatica
Societies; —

Braintree Horticultural
Ealing Horticultural ..
Edinburgh Botanical ..
Highgate Hoilicultural
Koyal Caledonian Horti-
cultural
Woodbridge Horticul-
tural

Sobralta xantholeuca
Spirasa palmata
Strawberries

Tedsmore Hall Gardens,.
Trees, how to measure . .
Vanda Sanderiana
Victoria regia
Watercress for the Lon-
doners

Weather, the

West Indian fiuit trade,

»he
Wild flowers
Winter garden, suburban .

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Disease of Clover : Peronospora sphseroldes .
Lily Bed. a ,

^enecillis carpatica _^

Tree Measurer, a simple " ..85

KOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS ami OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.

T>OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

-^ ^ South Kensington, S.W.

NOTICE l-COMMIlTElib- MEETINGS, Fruit and
Flnral, at 11A.M.. in the Conservatory ; SCIENTIFIC at 1 1- m

FRUIT and VEGETABLE and CARNATION and PICO-
TEE SOCIETY'S SHOW.

GENERAL MEETINGfortheEIectionofFellowsat3P.M
in the Gallery of the Conservatory, on TUESDAY NEXT
July 32, '

COMPETITION for PRIZES ofTered by the following -
VIZ., Messrs. James Carter & Co., Mr. J. House, Messrs. Webb
& Sons, Mr. 1 horaas Laxton, and Messrs. J. C. Wheeler & Sons
N.B.— Exhibitors' Entrance. West Side of Royal Albert Hall.

OVAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington, S.W.

EXHIBITION of FRUITS and VEGETABLES, in con-

cctioD »*uh the International Health Exhibition will be held

in the Conservatory, on TUESDAY, July 22. Entries Qose

Saturday. July ig. ' '

Exhibitors Entrance, West Side of Royal Albert Hall.

T IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

J^-' ASSOCIATION.

The SIXTH GRAND SUMMER EXHIBITION will be
held 11. Selton Park, on SATURDAY and MONDAY August
2 and ^. Upwards of FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in
PRIZES. ALL CLASSES OPEN, Entries Close July 2,
Also the FIFTH CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION will
S X'" ^ NOVEMBER 55 and 26, in St. George's Hall
For Schedules and further information apply to

,, , ^ ,, „ .JOSEPH GORE, Secretary.

51, Maple Grove, Sefton Patk, Liverpool.

T5ISH0P AUCKLAND FLORAL, H^ORtT-

A-» CULTURAL, and INDUSTRIAL SHOW, FRIDAY
fVugust 8. Catalogues now ready. '

ROBERT W. THOMPSON. Secretary.

WARWICKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A GRAND HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION will be
held on the ^how Ground at Stratford-on-Avon. on TUESDAY
and WEDNESDAY, September 2 and 3. Open to all England.
Knlries close Monday, August 18. Schedule of Premiums,
forms ol Entry, and all information can be had from

_. ., . . Mr. A. M. COX, Local Secretary,

Stxatford-on-Avon.

fTUDDKRSFlELD CHRYSANTHEMUM
Jr „. SOCIETY.

^^^f}} ^\"„'',i"P'' "^' ''^ h'M in the Town Hall,

^lIddersfield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November i,

»n<I 15. Schedules and Entry Forms are now ready, and may

e had on apphcation to ,, ,^,^». „«. , .

Marsh, Huddersfield. ^r. JOHN BELL, Hon. Sec

s

, , .„ ~ -., ''<"' Present flowing.
UTTON'S FLORISTb' FLOWER

SEEDS, post-free.

QUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA. The Best.

►-' Some plants from your Calceolaria seed took first prize
nere last week. I never saw anythinj to equal them."— Sir A.
RamSBY, May 22, 1884.
Price. 2j. tJ. and 51. per Packet, post-free.

CUTTON'S cineraria; The Best.

►^ •' We have a most splendid display of Cinerarias from
your strain ; as many as 345 blooms on one plant, some M inches
across, and all perfect in shape."-Mr. J. Watton, March 20,
IB»4. Price, 2i. 6rf. and 51. per Packet, post-free.

QUTTON'S primula. The Best.

,? S'/^'S 'JT P""!"!" you sent me is the best I have
ever seen. "-Mr. S. Pearce, Decnber ,3, ,883.

Price, 2j. e:d., 31. 6rf., and 51. per Packet, post-free.

BUTTON'S BEGONIA. The Best.

r^ Your prize Begonia was superb."— Mr. G. Cooper
Price, 21. id. and 51. per Packet, post-free.

QUTTON'S gloxinia. The Best.

t "The Gloxinia seed germinated finely, and I never had
such magnificent flowers. "—Mr. Jno. Marshall.

""^°. 2s. id. and SJ. per Packet, post-free.

s

UTTON AND

THa Q[;EHN*S SEBOSMStf,

SONS

J^EADING, BERKS.

pOINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, 3 inches

high, in 2H-inch pots. weU rooted, ready for 48's, 25J. per
too. Cash only ; packing free. ^ • ^ V

TURNER BROS., Florists Allerton, Liverpool.

N°W ON VIEW.-Collections of Roses,

Plants Frn?,T ^°°?'°'H7""- ^''"'''^' »"<» Herbaceous

,.^..' Sj"" "««. &c Admission free.

WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross
adjoming Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway

PRIMULAS. -PRIMULA S.-

^est CINERARIAS. -Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, ,1. M. per dozen. ,m. per ,00
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Alirincham.

R9,m¥ i".^°?,;~".-^" '^^ l'^^' New (1884) and

^ 5"?'"'"/!,'' ^°'"«" '°"'' fr<«" '8'- '0 36r. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis^
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Worcester.

T OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

r reT-"""' strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of varieties wiih Prices on application
<„ , ^.,„.'^ ^°°'' ^''°"' Strawberries," -tJ.
W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

'Y MILLINGTON and CO., English

T,.* m"'' ''™""<='' Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

To the Continental and Foreign Horticultural Trade

Wand OTHERS.
ILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and
Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden. London,
vv.i... is now open to receive instructions for the DISPOSAL
of all kinds of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS
ORCHIDS NURSERY STOCK, BUL^TsIeDS &? '
Having had long practical experience in all branches of
o!hrr'?» l"'?-' "" r,f <^""?«9""' »«!> numerous Market and

other large Growers, W. D. is in a position to dispose of very
Urge quantities of various stock, more especially Lily of the

are forced"'"'"' ll*'-''^'- T^b^o^es. Bulbsfand such things a1
are lorced annually 10 enormous quantities.

Early communications, with Catalogues, are requested.

WISE AND RIDES, FRUlFIlld"FLOWER
..' ^ .. Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality. wv-*- u.

forw^^H^'^'^^- ^^^^^•. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon apphcation. ^

wTlLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and

» ' Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden W C i«
open to RECEIVE from Farmers, Nurserfmen and Pri^tl
PROmJr?'}^'S?"^^f^'^^ f '■'^U'T an^^fhJr GArSeN
PRODUCE, for Disposal at the best Market Prices, in large
or small quantities. *

Boxes Baskets, Labels, &c , forwarded on application.
Accounts settled on demand. i/fin-mun.

T ^^^P^^^^^ for~SmalI pilnts of CRO-

J- TONS, DRACAENAS, and GREENHOUSE PLANTS

CYCA°S REVO?^TIt''a'''''^'^"°«'°,'"''v"'' l"° '" PO'^; »'»
NUS VEITCmr If "M"''' lf«t,'h'ough; one PANDA.
W,. p r 1I • ' ''", ">'°"Sh. '"o l^ge 'or present owner's
houses. For full particulars apply to

Cbre IreW '"°°'^^^- gardener, Ennistymon House, Co.

WANTED, 1000 IVIES, from s to lo feet

w wTTTT-rm. ^'''^'^ Send price to

W. WILLETT, Rosery Gardens. South Kensington, S.W.

(Registered at the General ? Price 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. j"posT-FREE, c,\d.

To Rose Exhibitors.
ly/riSSING from the CRYSTAL PALACE

•*■ SHOW in April, three ROSE BO.XES — two 24's
one 12, with upright cups fixed to bottom. Each bcx branded
at end J. Mayo, Oxford." The same were given to two men
with van(who represented themselves in the employ of Mr.
lurncr, Slough), to bring on for me to Slough. Any one civiug
information as to recovery of same will be rewarded.

JOHN MAYO, Oxford.

ARCISSUS INCOMPARABILIS

GIGANTEUS, "SIR WATKIN."
A splendid new variety, eclipsing all others. Received First-
class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, under
name of ' James Dickson." Price, 31. bd. each, 36!. per doz.
250J. per 100. Coloured Plate free to intending purchasers.
tax full particulars, see large Advertisement in Gardtntrs'
Cnronicie of July 5.

JAMES DICKSON and SONS, "Newton" Nurseries,
Chester.

AUSTRALIAN FERN TREES
(BALANTIUM ANTARCTICUM).
Orders for next spring will be promptly attended to.
Price, loj. per foot under 5 feet high, 121. 6d. per foot over 5 feet
high, free to London.
■„.T"S^ fSl? '*'= """= »^ »■ "" Crystal Palace Shows.
WM. T. SCHOENING, G.P.O., Melbourne, Australia.

XpOR SALE, for want of room, 5 dozen

-»-, healthy young Plants of GARDENIA, a foot to
18 inches each way, i2r. per dozen.
A. EDWARD, Uak Hill, Dawlish.

r)UR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,

D~M. Ju^'^uetl. contain all the North American Lilies, Rare
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti, Fritillarias, Heuchera micrantha,
(Sc. , t erns and Cyprlpedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order,
at unprec«Jentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Ins, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

"DEST WHITE CAPE FLOWERS,

<i,^ ^^i.Si P.?'; i?°°' Package free for cash with order.
WALTER WATSON, Florist, Higham Hill, Walihamstow.

TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

r D ,?°,T,.'5.i'l5„'''^°" '° P'ant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

HyaolnthB, TuUpa, Crocuses, Narcissus, LUles, &c.
"DUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

"V;^., , , H''l<=KO"ii. near Haarlem, Holland.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

"POR SALE, a splendid TREE FERN

^c JP"^'"°"'^„'°'"'='''^'' ■' also large plants of AZALEAS,
KUSti in pots, &c. Price and full particulars, apply to
A. LAW, The Gardens, Ford Place, Thctford, Norfolk.

pRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.

,■"-., Fifteenth year of distribution.

nVfcIA?! o,^."/^"*" STRAIN, ,.. 6d. per doz., loj. per ,co,
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage Iree f.r

cash with order. Above are strong and fit for potting into

3-inch pots. *•

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

TTIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

-»-J pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
01 the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
??5S!''K, from I2S. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants. Descripli%-e
Li bl on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

XfOR SALE, splendid Specimen CAMELLIA

VI , STORYI, fine pink, 8 feet high. 6 feet wide, in fine
health, and set with over looo bloom-buds Price /s sr
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, KidderminsVer. '

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, LUles, &o
n G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jim., Haarlem,

t Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready a..d
may be had free, on application 10

CrSe'J-pfiarf L^n^dSlTc.*"" '°''' "' ^^^^^ °-<"-.

Daffodil, DaffodlUy, DaffodowndllUes
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more

^r'^o"?!?!?" °' DAFFODILS free on application.
bARR AND SON, rz. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

c- A^" . r^"?, ^A"?l°'„ ?°" '" ■'"= '""= "> plan'-

Lri.i,iT.J; ^ S gratU and post-free of
KELWAY AND SON, Langport.

K

IV^EW AUTUMN TRADE LIST

J °,' ^",'-''^' including Narcissus, Lilies, Snowdrops, Chio-
nodoxa LuciliiE. Freesias, Lily of the Valley, and a large Col-
lection of Miscellaneous Bulbs and Tubers, is now ready free
on application to
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London.

DEMAHL AND PLANTHABER^

^Mr^^^uv^"^'''«?'?,'i!^°^?,• exporters of Swedish CLOVER,
TIMOTHY and ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS.

66

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

UULY 19, 1SS4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Tlmrsday Next.— (Sale No. 66q^)
MOST RARE IMPORTATIONS,
ConsistiDK of a grand lot of ANGR/ECUM CAUDATUM.
This superb Orchid is most difficult to introduce, ana not at
present in collections. The dried ftDwers. and the plants
covered with long spikes, will give a fair idea of its beauty.
The flower-spikes seem to spring in pairs from the leaf axils,
and the spike grows in a triangle, proQucing a flower in
each angle, so that they stand boldly out. Some extra-
ordinary masses will be found among this importation.
Some six other new species of .'\nEr3;cum will be cffered ;
also the free-flowering and lovely ONCIDIUM NIGRI-
TUM, in large and fine plants. It is fully described in the
Gardeners' Chromcle. June 23, 18S3. ZYGOPiTALUM
BURKEI, a rare and valuable species, figured in last
month's Orchid Album ; together with many other
ORCHIDS of value.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by orjer of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT. July 24, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely, the
above importations of ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA DOVVIANA.

L^LIA ELEGANS.
CATTLEYA LEOPOLDI.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE .and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside,
K.C.. on FRIDAY, July 25, at half-past t2 o'clock preci-ely,
grand importations of the above, also CATTLEYA MEN DELI,
C. SPECIOSISSIMA, C. MOSSIiE, ODONTOGLOa-
SUMS, and many other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Floiyering Orchids.— Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY,
July 29, and they will be glad to receive particulars not later
than Monday, the 2rst inst.

Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Friday, August 1.
Highly Important SALE of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the
property of T. S. Bockett, Esq., The Hall, Stamford Hill,
N., the Estate being at once required for Building Purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, at
half.past 12 o'clock precisely, the third portion of this valuable
COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Amongst
many other fine things will be found ; —

Cattleya exoniensis I Lailia anceps Dawsoni

Phalaenopsis Portei ,. elegans

„ Stuartiana I Oncldium macranthum

On THURSDAY, August 7. the whole of the choice STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, valuable COWS, and other
LIVE STOCK, GLASS ERECTIONS, &c, will be SOLD by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Hall, Stamford Hill, N.
More detailed particulars will shortly appear.

WANTED TO PURCHASE, a
FLORIbT'S BUSINESS or PREMISES suitable
for one ; neighbourhood of Kensington or Baysivater.

Address, with particulars, S. B^, Mr, Bigg, 27, Russell
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

WANTED TO RENT, on moderate terms,
a few Acres of NURSERY GROUND, or SMALL
NURSERY, with Dwelling-house, near good town.

Apply, H. H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

Twlckenliaiu.

TO BE SOLD, about '\\ Acre Freehold
Walled-in GARDEN, suitable fL.r a Florist Business,
&c., with frontage to Pope's Grove, close to Strawbeiry HiU
StatiOD. Plans and particulars, apply to

Mr. GOATLY, Auctioneer, Twickenham.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-established BUSINESS (of
over 150 years and only changed hands three times) of a
NURSERYMAN. SEEDSMAN, and FLORIST, carried on
for many years past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurseries, Merriott, near Crewkerne. and at Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse, Princes Street, Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comprise 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coniferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and well stocked Greenhouses, &c.

The Residence, Offices, Stabling, Manager's Villa, and
Cottages, and a portion of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well stocked, and is provided
with newly erected and conveniently-fitted Greenhouses, and
other Erections adapted for the business. These Premises may
also be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The age and state of health of the Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will be prepared to Sell on advantageous terras.

ihe Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately if so
desired, or the whole affair in ils entirety, which would in the
latter case afford an excellent opportunity for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT, Roval Nurseries, Merriott : or. to Messrs.
SPARKS AND BLARE. Solicitors, Crewkerne.— June, 1884.

TO BE"dISPOSED~6'f7 a FLORIST
BUSINESS, near London. Long lease. Particularly
suited for any one having a shop in London, Patronised by
Royalty. Prettily and newiy erected Cottage and Greenhouses,
well stocked Garden, and near railway station.

Apply, M. C-, Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, WelUagton
Street, Strand, W.C.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY GARDEN, at
Red Hill, Surrey, with 3 Glasshouses and Shop fronting
on a main street. Held under lease, with 18 years to run, at
;^3S per annum. Comfortable Cottage on the ground. Price
for lease and stock, £fio.

Address, W. S., 9, Walbrook, London, E.C.

To Nurserymen and Amateur Gardeners.

TO LET (or the LEASE would be SOLD),
a charming nine-roomed HOUSE, with Garden back and
front, with Ornamental Conservatories and Hothouses; corner
house in the Fulham Road.

Apply, 433, Fulham Road, West Brompton, S.W.

Rbyl, Nortti Wales.

TO BE LET, ORCHARD, NURSERY,
and MARKET GARDENS, of between 6 and 7 Acres,
with Greenhouse, Vinery, and Plant-houses. Established 28 years.
An 8-roomed House, with Stable, Outbuildings, &c , on the same
property, can be had if required. Application to be made to
Mr. PETER BROWNE, Plastirion, Rhyl.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.
Perfectly lovely.

O

ORCHID EXHIBITION. — One of the
sights of London.

RCHID EXHIBITION.— Surpassing

imagination.

Sevenoaks Common, Kent.

TO BE LET, a 4-roomed COTTAGE, in
good repair, having Out-house (Apple room over/, and
other domestic conveniences, with a GARDEN well stocked
wiih Fruit Trees, Vegetables, and Flowers, in which are a Span-
roof Greenhouse, 33 feet long. 14 feet wide, with six good
fruiting Vines; a span-roof Stove-house or Fernery, 30 feet long,
14 feet wide ; 48 feet of brick-built Melon ai.d Cucumber
Frames ; 30 feet of Plant Preservers—the whole heated by one
Boiler (Weeks' Improved Upright Tubular) : a roomy Potting
Shed, suitably fitted \ip ; a covered Fowl-run, 50 feet long. S
feet wide ; an enclosed Tool Shed, ^c,

Apply to the HOUSEKEEPER, Tweed Bank.

Abergavenny Nursery.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the above Old-established NURSERY, consisting of
14 Acres of e.\cellent ground, stocked with Trees and Shrubs, six
divisions of Greenhouses heated with hot water, a large number
of Pits and Frames, large Packing Shed, good Stable and Cart
Shed, Piggeries, S:c., together with an excellent Residence,
and 10 Acres of good Pasture Land joining the nursery. The
above terms one of the most compact and desirable business
premises to be met with, and has been carried on by the same
family for nearly 70 years, and is now 10 Let owing to the
death of the late proprietor and failing health of his successor.
Slock and Fixtures to be taken at a valu,.tion.

For particulars apply to HORACE WOODS, The Gardens,
Maindiff Court, Abergavenny.

PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
" Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CU M BERS. STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

O giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

SOUELCH AND BARN HAM.
'" ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and

CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

Bush Hill Parli Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, and other Outdoor
Nursery Stock, of line quality, at their Nursery, near the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the Glass
Erections, which consist of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
three Houses, averaging upwards of 100 feet in length, many of
them 25 feel wide, containing Acacias, Azaleas, Adiantums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracaenas, Ericas, Gardenias, Genistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines. Palm^^, Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
nums, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERYMEN,
• Seedsmen, and Florists. Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) ol Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rnoied Plants for
1884 and 1S85, is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Flori&t-;. The
Catalcgue, although giving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 paces Svo. in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. The
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

HLANE AND SON respectfully invite their
• Patrons and Friends to visit their Nurseries during
the present month to view their fine Collection of ROSES, now
in lull bloom. Purchasers can select from many thousands.
Standards, 15^. to \%s. per dozen ; Dwarfs, gj. to xts per dozen,
A choice and immense stock of RHODODENDRONS,
CONIFERS, TREES and SHRUBS. FRUIT TREES
of all descriptions, extensive ORCHARDS in full bearing.
VINERIES of all the leading kinds of Grapes, &c.
The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.

CYCLAMENS. — LamVs grand unrivalled
Strain, fit to pot or bloom next winter, twelve for is. 6d.,
twenty-four for 2s. 6d — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Helper.

CINERARIAS. — Bull's noted Prize Strain
are unrivalled for quality and variety. Twelve good
plants for ix. 2d., twenty-four for zj, sd. — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Helper.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS!— BuU'ssplendid
Premier Prize Strain, the best strain in cultivation, and
greatest variety of colour— good plants. Twelve for is. 3(/.,
twenty-four for 2.t. jd. — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen i2J. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels

Post.

Begonia. Growers, Forest Hill* S.K.

Laing's
Begonia
Tubers.

O
O
O
O
O

O

RCHIDS. — Must be seen to be realised.

RCHIDS.— Perfectly marvellous.

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION is worth

going any distance to see.

RCHIDS.— But few have any idea such

marvellous flowers are in exi-tence.

RCHIDS. — Specimens in Flower Irom

Mexico, Colombia, Japan, Madagascar, Peru, Borne?,
and various parts of the East Indies.

RCHIDS.— Private View every TUESDAY,

THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, of Mr. WILLIAM
BULL'S EXHIBITION of ORCHIDS to those who
have received invitations.

o

ORCHIDS.— OPEN to the PUBLIC every
MONDAY. WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY. 10 to 3
o'clock. Admission each day, 2s. 6d. ; Season Tickets, los.

RCHIDS.— The EXHIBITION at Mr.

WILLIAM BULL'S is quite astonishing and en-
chanting ; many beautiful kinds new to Science and this
country in blossom. The Exhibition is not only unparalleled
in connection with Horticulture and Botanical Scienre,
but one of the most beautiful sights in London.—
Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King'5
Road, Chelsea. London. S.W.

To the Trade.

HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer :—
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. 75^.. looj., 150J. per 100.
ADIANTUM DECORUM, strong, 481. and 75^. per 100.
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHU. strong, in pots, tos per 100.
ARALIA SIEBOLDII, strong. 95. and 125. per dozen.
CORYPHA AUSTRALIS. good, 12^. to iSi. per doze.i.
DRACiENAS. in variety, fine plants, 18^. to 30.1. per dozen.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA. 50^., 75J., and row. per ico.
EUCHARIS SANDERIANA. 75J. and loci. per 100.
FERNS, in variety, strong. 4S-pois, 75J per 100.
EICUS ELASTICA. 21^. and 24J per dozen.
GYNERIUM ARGENTEUM (Pampas-grass), strong, in pots,

25J. and 30J. per roa.
HYDRANGEA cyanoclada. otaksa. Thomas Hogg. 95 perdoz.
HYDRANGEA panicuta'a granditlora, in flower, iSi. perdoieu.' 1
JASMINUM GRANDlFLORUM.fine. 12s. per dozen. i

L.ATANIA BORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants. 150J-

to loos, per roo.
LOMARIA GIBBA, PTERIS SERRULATA CRIS-

TATA, S:c.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, small growing platitp,

loos per 100.
ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, small growing plants,

looi, p;r loo.
PALMS, in variety, -^s.. 6s., 91., 12J., iSi., and 30J. per dozen.
PASSIFLOkA ClEKULEA, strong, in pots. los. per loa.
PTERIS SERRULATA, strong, 48s., 50... and 60s. per 100.
RHODODENDRON, Princess Alexandra, laj., i8j., 245.,

and 305. per dozen.
RHODODENDRON. Princess Royal, i2X., i8j., 34^., :tnd

30J. per dozen.
ROSE, Mar^chal Niel, extra fine, 8 to 9 feet, 30J per dozen;

smaller, 12s. and iZs. per dozen. [per dozen.

ROSE, Gloire de Dijon, extra size, 3^r. per dozen ; strong, iSj.
HOSE, Niphetos, i2j. per dozen; extra size, with buds, iSi.

and 30J. per dozen.

Clapton Nursery. London, E.

PAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshunt, N.,
respectfully announce as now ready for sending out :—
ROSES IN POTS, for planting out or culture in pots, from a

stock of 30,000.
NEW ENGLISH ROSE, H.P., Grandeur of Cheshunt (Paul

& Son), 3J, 6d. each.
NEW FRENCH ROSES of 18S4. 31. Sd. each.
HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS, such as Dahlias, Chry-
santhemums, Carnations, Pyrethrum, Pansy, Violas, itc.
Hardy Herbaceous Plants, and Rock Plants, at the New
Herbaceous Plant Nursery at Broxbourne.
Notes. — The ROCK-WuRK at Broxbourne, adjoining
Station of Great Eastern Railway, is now most interesting.
The ROSES at Cheshunt are now m bloom.

Descriptive CATALOGUES post-free on application.
PAUL AND SON, The '■Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt, N.,
Great Eastern Railway. __^ .

To the Trade.

NEW TURNIP SEEDS, for present sowing.

HAND F. SHARPE have now ready the
• following varieties of NEW TURNIP SEEDS
suitable for present Sowing, viz. :—

Fosterton Hybrid Yellow I Selected Green Globe
Green-top Yellow Selected Green Barrel

Purple-top Yellow I Pomeranian White Globe

Early Field Yellow I Mammoth Purplc-lop White

Yellow Tankard Devonshire Gr»-y Stone

Robertson's Golden B.^U | White Stone or Stubble

Lincolnshire Red Round.
Seed Growing Fstablishment, Wisbech.

FFERED FOR EARLY ORDERS :—

HELLEHORUS NIGER, fine slronc Plants. 52J. pc^
xooo. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP.EUM, ^Zsl
per 1000: Smaller Tubers, 28J. per icoo. NARCISSUS
POETICUS, 2Sj. per looo. LILlUM MARTAGON. Cos.
per 1000. CYPRIFEDIUM CALCEOLUS, i6oi. per i coo.
VF.RATRUM ALBUM, 901. per 1000. Seed of HELLE-
HORUS NIGER, s^i'. per kilogramme. A sample of the mosi
popular and beautilul Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
properly addressed, from

CHRISTOF SLEINPOCK. Altlenpbach. Lower Austria.

B

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The larRcst holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dulton Street, Liverpool.

July 19, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

67

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,

REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,

REVIEWS of BOOKS, a7id NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of

CURRENT INTEREST,

HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

ALPINE PLANTS.

ARBORETUM— The.

BEDDING PLANTS.

BEES.

BOTANY.

BULBOUS PLANTS.

CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS,

CONIFERS.

DISEASES OF PLANTS.

EVERGREENS.

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

FLOWER GARDENS.

Special attention is given

FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.

to tlie following subjects :-

ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.

PALMS.

PLANTING.

PLEASURE GROUNDS.

POMOLOGY.

POTATOS.— POULTRY.

RHODODENDRONS.

ROCKERIES.

ROSES.

SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.

STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.

SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE
VEGETABLE
VINES.

WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.

CULTURE.
PHYSIOLOGY.

Illustrations by W. II. FITCH, F.L.S., IV. G. SMITH, F.L.S., IV. f. WELCH, and Others.

Anfiong the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;-

ABBA V. Rev

ANDERSON (J.),, .. ' ,,
ANURfi(E.). P.im
ANTOINE(F,), Vienna,,

ATKIMS (J,)

BADEN-POWELL (H,)

BADGER (E. W.)

BAINESCT,)

BAKER(G.)

BAKER (J. G.), F.R,S

BALFOUR (the late Professor) , ,

B.\LL {}.). F,R.S

BANCROFT (G.). M.D.
BARRON (A F.), Chiswiclc . .
BEI lERINCK, Dr., Wageiiingen
BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G), M.D.. Sydney
BENTHAM(G.), F.RS.
BERG.MAN (E.), Paris ..
BERKELEV(Rev.JI,J.), F,R.S.
KLACKMORE (R, D.) .,
BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens

BLOW (T. B.)

BO!SSIER(E.), Geneva
BOSCAWEN (Hon, & Rev. I. T,)
EOULGER (G. S,), F.L.S,
BRIGHT (the late H. A.)
BRITTEN 0), British Museum
BKOWN (N, E.), Kew ,.
BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden,

Glasgow
BURBIDGE (F. W.). Botanic

Garden, Dublin
C.^ROEL (Professor), Florence..
CASPARV(Prof.), Kcenigsberg.,

CrtALLISfD

CLARKE (Col TREVOR)
CLARKE (C. B.). F.R.S,
COBBOLD(T. S), F,R.S,
COLEMAN (\V.), Eastnor Castle
Gardens . ,

COOKE (M.C.)

COOMBEKfJ ). TheHendre ..
COOPER (Sir DAN.. Bart.) .,
CORREVON (H), Geneva
COX (J.), Redleaf (Jatdens
CREWE (the lare Rev, H, H.) , ,
CROSSLING (R,), St, Fagan's

C^tle Gardens
CROUCHER (J,)
DARWIN (the late CHARLES)

DEAN (A.)

BEAM (R.)

DECAISNE (thelate Prof,), Paris
DE CANDOLLE {.\.), Geneva,,
DEH RAIN (Professor), Paris.,
DOD (Rev. C. \V,)
DODWELLfE, S.)
DOUGLAS Q,). Great Gearies,

Ilford

DOWN I E (J, ), Edinburgh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden ,.
DUCHA RTRE (Professor). Paris
DUTHIE (J. F.), Saharunpore, ,
DYER (BERNARD) ..
DVER (Rev, T, F.)
DYER (W. T, T), F,R,S,
EARLEY (W.)
ELLACOMBE (Rev. H, N,) ,''

Coffee-leaf Disease,

Orchids,

Foreign Correspondence,

Foreign Correspondence,

Practical Gardening,

Forestry,

Practical Gardening,

Practical (jardening.

Practical Gardening;,

Garden Botany,

Garden Botany,

Alpine Plants,

Queensland Correspondence

Fruit Culture,

Diseases of Plants,

Foreign Correspondence,

Vegetable Physiology.

Australian Correspondence,

Garden Botany,

Foreign Correspondence,

Diseases of Plants,

Pomology,

Practical (gardening.

Bees,

Garden Plants.

Landscape Gardening,

Vegetable Physiology,

Notes from a Lancashire

Plant Lore, [Garden,

Garden Botany,

Orchid Notes.

Garden Botany.
Foreign (I^rrespondence,
Foreign Correspondence,
Practical Gardening,
Garden Botany,
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.

Practical (jardening.

Fungi.

Practical Gardening.

Australian Correspondence,

Alpine Plants.

Practical Gardening,

Garden Plants,

Practical Gardening,
Succulent Plants,
Physiology of Plants,
Practical Gardening,
Floriculture,
Garden Botany,
Garden Botany. &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany,
Practical Gardening,
Garden Botany,

EICHLER (Professor). Directm
Imperial Botanic Garden.

Berlin

ELWES in, J.)

ENGELMANN (the late G.), St,

Louis
EVERSHED (H.)

EYLES(G.)

FELLOWES(Rev, E) ,,
FENZ1(E.). Florence ,,
FISH (D, T), Hardwicke

Gardens
FISHER(Rev. O.)
FITCH (W. H), F.L.S.
FLEMING (thelate J), Cliveden

Gardens
FOSTER (Dr. M.). F,R,S.
FROST (P.). Dropraore Gardens

GIBSON (WM.)

GILBERT (J. H.), F,R S.
GLA1SHER(J.), F.R.S
GRAY (Prof ASA), Boston
GREEN(CHARLES) .,
GRIEVE (P), Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDON (LEO)
HAN BURY (T.), Mentone ..
HART (J.). Jamaica
HEER (Professor O), Zurich ..
HEMSLEV (W. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. 0.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.), K.C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev. F, D,)
HOWARD (J. E.), F.R,S.
HUDsON 0). Gunnersbury

Gardens
IM THURN (EVERARD).

British Guiana
INGRAM (W.). Bel voir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum

J0LY(C.). Paris

KING (Dr.). Calcutta ..

KNIGHT (H.)

KOLB (MAX), Munich
KRELAGE (J, H,l, Haarlem .,
LANGE (Prof.), Copenhagen ,,
LAVALLEE (ihe late ALPH,),

Paris

LEES (E,). F.L.S

LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden

Baden ..
LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R. I ), Cambridge

Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN(R.), F.RS. ..
MaCOWAN (Prof.), Cape Town
MANGLESfJ. H.), F,L,S, ,,

MARIES (C.)

MARTINS (Prof,), Montpellier,.

MAW (G,), F,L,S

MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D,), Dunrobin

Gardens
MICHIE (C Y,), CuUen House,

Banff

MILES (G, T,), Wycombe Abbey

Gardens . ,
MILLER (W). Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIR0(Chev.). Lisbon ..
MOORE (F. W). GLasnevin Bo-
tanic Garden

Foreign Correspondence,
Garden Botany.

Conifers,

Garden Literature,

Landscape Cxardening,

Roses.

Foreign Correspondence,

Practical Gardening,

Roses,

Illustrations,

Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening,
Vegetable Chemistry,
Meteorology'.
Garden Botany,
Plant Culture,
Practical Gardening,
G,arden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence,
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence,
Garden Botany,
Garden Plants,
Foreign Correspondence,
Vegetable Physiology,
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers,
Cinchonas,

Flower Gardening,

Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening,
Economic Botany,
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening,
Foreign Correspondence,
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence,

Garden Botany,
Tree Lore,

Garden Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Insects.

Colonial Notes.

Rhodod endrons.

Japan Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Crocus — Garden Plants.

American Correspondence.

Practical Gardec'ing.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence,

Practical Gardening.

Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.

Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes,
Foreign Correspondence,

MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge

-MORRIS (D.), Jamaica ,,

MUDD (C), South Africa

MUELLER (B,aron FERD, V.),
Melbourne

MURTON (H. J.). Siam

NAUDIN (C). Antibes ,,

NELSON (C, J.), Orange Free

State Foreign Correspondence,

NESFIELD (the late MARK-
HAM) Landscape Gardening.

NICHOLSON (G.), Kew ,, Arboretum.

O'BRIEN (JAMES) ,. .. Orchid Culture.

OLIVER (Capt. S.) ., ., Foreign Correspondence,

OLIVEIRA (1, D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence.

OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon

Park Gardens Practical Gardening,

Insects.

ORMEROD(Miss)
OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam . .
PAGET (Sir James)
PAUL (GEORGE)

PAUL(WM,)

PEAKK (ihr late A. W,)
PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg

PHILIPS (W.) Fungi -Plant Diseases,

PLANCHlJN (Prof.), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.
Diseases of Plants.
Floriculture.
Floriculture.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Orchids.

PLOWRlGHTfC. B.)

PRESTO (H.). Trinidad..

PYNAERT(E,), Ghent ..

REGEL (E). St. Petersburg .

REICHENBACH (Professor) .

RIVERS (F.). Sawbridgeworth.

ROBERTS (J.) Practical Gardening.

ROBINSON (J. F) .. .. Bees.

RODIGAS, (E.), Ghent .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

RUST (J.) Practical Gardening.

SARGEANT (C. W.), Boston .. American Correspondence.

SAUL (M.), York Practical Gardening.

SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide Colonial Notes.

SCHUBELER(Prof.),Christiana "

SHEPPARD a.), Wolverston
Gardens

SIEMENS (the late Sir W.).
F.R.S

SMITH (A.). Hyires ..

SMITH (W. G.), F.L.S.

SORAUER (Prof.), Proskau ..

SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden

SWAN (W.), Fallowfield..

SY.ME (G.). Jamaica
THURBER(G.), New York ..
TI DM ARSH, Graham's Town..
TODARO (Baron), Palermo . ,
TRIMEN(H.), Ceylon
WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens ..
WARD (H. W.), Longford Castle

Gardens
WARINGTON (R.)
WATSON (SERENO)
WEBSTER 0-), Gordon Castle

Gardens Practical Gardening,

WEBSTER(A. D) ,, ,, Forestry,

WEIR(H.), Brenchley ., ., Gardening for Amateurs,

WESTWOOD (Professor) ,, Insects,

WILDSMITH (W,), Heckfield

Gardens Practical Gardening,

WILLIS (J, W.), Harpenden .. Chemistry.
WILSON (G, F.), F,K.S., .. Lilies. &c.

WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening,

WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin ,. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN,St.Petersburg Foreign Correspondence.
With many others.

Fungi — Plant Diseases,

Colonial Notes,

Foreign Correspondence,

Foreign Correspondence,

Orchids,

Fruit Culture.

Coloi

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening

Electric Light,
Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations— Fungi.
Diseases of Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes.
American Correspondence.
Colonial Notes,
Garden Botany,
Colonial Notes,
Practical Gardening,

Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemisuy,
Garden Botany,

68

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 1884.

o

The Newry Nurseries.
UR CUSTOMERS AND OTHERS

will please address all business communicaiioDS to the
Firm. Mr. T. Smith (our late Nursery Foieman) is not
now in our employmeDt.

RODGER, MCCLELLAND & CO.,

N E W R V.
IRISH ANEMONES

(INCLUDING "ST. BRIGID'S ' ).
As exhibited by 11= at the Manchester Whiljuntide Show. 1SS3.
acd so (avourabiv noticed in the newspaper reports. We hold
the priDcipal stock ot these beautiful flowers, in Seed and Roots,
and offer Seed —

Df>UBLE, per packet, 6rf. to 11. 6d. 1 5„. ■,, „,„„„„„„„,
SINGLE. ,, 6rfto.r. f Special price per ounce.

DRY ROOTS.
DOUBLE ditto, ys. td. per 101. | SINGLE ditto. 5J. per 100.

WE ALSO OFFER THE FOLLOWING :-

ARABIS ALBID* V.^Rlr G.-^TA. 3s. per doz.. iot per 100.
ARMtRlA MARITIMA Sf LEN Dh'.NS, 31. pet doz.

,. ., Al BA (-ciily Isies). rj. per doz.
ASPARAGUS lAMASINUl'DE--, \i.id each, isj, per dor.
AUBRIHTIA CAMPBF.LLI. 3J ptr ocz.. 201. per 100
C.^LANDKINIA UMBELLATA. 4J. p€rd,-.z,
CAMPANULA POkTENSCHLAGlANA. is. per dor.

,, TUKKlNATA, 6s fercioz

., VAN- H0UTTEI,6s perdtz.
EkYNGIUM PANDANIFOLIUM, ij, each. loi per doz.
GENTIANA BUR-jEKI, ij. each. loj. per doz., fine

„ MACPOPHVLLUM, ij each, gr per doz., fine.
LOBELIA MILLERI, ts. each, loi. perdcz.
PAN.SY, King of Vellows, 2j td per d( z , i6r. per ico

,, other sorts, lists 00 apolication, 2t. td. per doz.. i6j per too.
PENlsTEMON CONFERrUS grf e,ich, 8s. per doz.
Pri I l)X SETaCEA, 3j. each, -.oi. per 100
SAXIFKAGA DIVERSIKOLIA, 11. each, loj. per doz.

., PURPUREA, IS. each. tor. per dtz
SIDALCEA CANDIDA, qd. each, St. per doz.
SltVER'ilA ELATA.oi each, ts per doz,
Sn.ENE CaUCASICA. &/ each, ss. per doz.
VERONICA MACRANTHERA(new), 2S. 61/. each, strone

,, sorts on application. [plants.

ARALIA QUINQUEFOUIA. ito2feet,is 6^ to 3s. 6i. each.
., „ GKACILI^ (new), ij^ to 2 feet. 3r. dd. to 5s. each.

B«CK!.\ ASTARTIOIDES, is. 6^ toss. bd. each.

CORDYLINE AUjTRALIS, in stores two years, loi. per 100
,, INDIVISA, in stores two years, los. per too
.. VEITCHII. in stores two years. los. per 100

COROKEA COTONEASTER. 6 to 9 inches, rs. id. each,
iss. per doz. ; 2 to zJ4 feet, 2s td to 3s. td. each.

CHOrSYA TERNATA. 15. each, los perd.z.

DRAC^NA nPACO fine plants. 2s 10 2t. 6i. each.

HYDRANGEA CYANmCLADI^ is ea'. to 2s. 6</. each.

OZ'lTHAMNUS KOSMARINUOLIUS, is. 6<i. each. 151.

PITTOSPFRMUM LAGINOIDES. [per doz.

YUCCA WHIPLEYI. IS. fsd. each. 15s perdcz.

CLIMBING AND TWINING PLANTS.

COE/EA SCANDENS 9^. each, 8s. per dozen.
ESCAILONIA GRANDIFLORA, is. to 3s. each.

,, PHILIPPIANA, 2s.6rf. t03S.6rf.

,. many other varieties (List on appHcation). [nerdoz.

MUHI.ENBECKIA COMPLEXA. is. to is 6rf. each, izs.
TACSONIA VAN VOLXEMI, is.id. lon.bd. each.
VITIS RIPARIA, IS tots.6rf.

,, STUARTIA, IS. td. each, iss. per doz.

Our New CATALOGUES of Perennial and Alpine
Plants free on application.

RODGER, McClelland & co.,

The Newry Nurseries, Newry.

THE BEST WINTER LETTUCE,

COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS.

The hardiest, largest, and broadest leaved
variety in cultivation, a decided improvement
on the Bath Cos.

Per Packet la., post-free.

From Mr. H. W. WARD, Head Gardiner to The Right
Hon. the Earl of Radnor :— " I have no hesitation in pronounc-
ine It to be the finest Winter and Spiing Lettuce that I am
acquainted with."

From Mr. J. HORSEFIELD, Head Gardener to The Rijht
Hun. Lord Heytesbury ;— " Your New Lettuce in my opinion
is a decided improvement on the original Bath Cos."

GEO. COOLING jc SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH.

CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons'

Collection, including all the best Show and Border Varieties, planted in the open ground,

IS NOW IN FULL BLOOM.

T/ie Collection contains several Novelties of great merit.

" The collection is so thnroughlv representative, that not one class or section of the Carnation or Picotee has been left out."
" In no previous season have they been better than they are this y^ar,"~GarJcKers Chronicle, July 12.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

SPLENDID NEW NARCISSUS INCOiVIPARABILIS 6IGIANTEUS,

"SIR WATKIN."

THE GREAT WELSH CHALICE FLOWER.

First-class Certificate from the Boyal Horticultural Society, April 8, 1884, under the
name of Narcissus incomparabilis ** James Dickson."

Without doubt the largest and finest Daffodil known in breadth of perianth, contour,
colouring, and fragrance, eclipsing all others. There are in the flowers those qualities which
will make it an universal favourite for the outside garden, while its value for cutting purposes can
scarcely be over-estimated.

" SIR WATKIN " will be distributed during the ensuing season. Orders now being booked
for execution in strict rotation.

Price, 3s. 6d. each ; 36s. per dozen ; 250s. per 100.

Th^ Rev. C. WOLLEY DOD, says tn a Letter dated

April I, 1884 : —
"With regard to the grand flowers of N. iDComparabilis,
shown me at your nursery yesterday, I have n'^ver seen any-
ihing in its way nearly so fine. As soon as you have Bulbs (or
Bale I shall be giad to h^ve some at your own price, as 1 am
impatient to test it in my soil."

From "The Journal of Horticulture,"
April 17. 1684 : —
" Distinct in an unusual degree from the multitude of the
Chalice Daffodils is the magnificent variety represented in
fig- 73 (page 299). The flowers are of wonderful size, with a
noble and imposirig appearance, which at once attracts
attention."

F. W. BURBIDGF, Esq., wriies in "The Garden."
May 24, 18S4 : —
" This is withnut doubt the finest of all the Peerless Narcissi,
or Chilice Flowers. This is saline a great deal, but it is true.
This finest of all the Cnalice Flowers will soon be a welcome
guest in all good gardens where DafTtdils are gr-jwn."
From "The Gardeneks' Chronicle,'* April 26, 1884:—
"This remarkable fljwer, which I consider the fine>t Daffodil
novelcy of the season. lis merits consist not so much in ihe
wider expanse cf the fiowtr as in its great subNtaoce, bur the
most remarkable character is the width of the ccvwn, as com^iared
with the proportions ot that of the common N. incomparauilis."
From " The Garden," April 12, 1884 : —
" There is a great future for this Daffodil."

Coloured Plate post-p-ee to intending Purchasers., on applicaiiofu

JAMES DICKSON &S0N,"NEWTON" nurseries, CHESTER.

LOUISA ASHBURTON CARNATION,

Vv^HITE PERPETUAL.

THE BEST FLOWER FOR PERSONAL aDORmMENT THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

Plants now ready, y. dd. each. Usual terms lo the Trade.

W. J. CROSS AND STEER, 8, CANAL, SALISBURY.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES.
THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

•which are now Hpening Large Crops of Fruit.

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 2.50 for the Sawbridgewonli
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS.

July 19, 18S4.I

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

69

CABBAGE

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SUTTON'S

IMPERIAL.

The best
("abbsge for
u' spring use If
'^Iv suwn the first
orsecond week
in July it will
produce beau-
iiful Cabbages
f T earlyspnng
use. Heads
coDe • shaped,
very large,
fi>m, and of
mild flavour.

Is. per oz ,

post-free.

" Sutton's Imperial is the finest Cabbage I ever erew : it
is not ooly ihe handsomest, but the best flavo<ired Cabbage
I have ever eaten." — Mr. A. S. Campbell, Ware.

Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all
coods value 20s Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England or Wales.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN. READING.

Lalng's

Roman

Hya-

cintbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.
Free by Parcels Post.
Ta for 2f. <)d ; 6 for is. 6d, fine bulbs of Early
White Romdn Hyacinths. So chaste and uselulfor
early winter blooming. Catalogue of Duich Blltb^,
Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., ready August i, aJso free
by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, P.E.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING,

Pric; List sent free to any address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS. NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use,

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, \s. pkt.. is. td. per oz.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, is. 6d. pkt.. ss. 6d. per oz.

Damels' Little Queen, superfine early dwarf, is 6d.pVx..,2s.6d. oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers. Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing.

Daniels' Golden Rocca. fine straw-coloHred skin, u. td. per

packet. 3i. 6d. per ( z
Daniels' Giant Rocca. weight 2 to 3 lb., is. per oz-, los. per lb.
Daniels* White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and be-t Silver-

skm Onion known, is. 6d. per packet. 31. 6d. per i z.
Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, &d,

per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Merchants. NORWICH.

GH APE VINES.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN) Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NtJRSERIES, GARSTON,
have this Season a splendid Stock of Grape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catalcgues, with full particulars, on application.

EAST LOTHIAN^STOOKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
offer iheLr choice strain of the above Intermediate Stocks
in five colours, Scarlet, Purple, While. Crimson, and Snow-
white, wall-leaved, in packets, i.r., zr. 6d.. and sJ. each colour.
Price to the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

EXOTIC and BBITI3H FEKNS

and SELAQINELLAS,

suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE CultivatioD, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety.

CATALOGUE of over 1000 SPECIES and VARIETIES
may be hari free on application.

Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, the best ever pub-
lisbed (price is.), contains copious Hints on Fern Cultivation,
many descriptions and much valuable information.

W. «& J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of I dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E i8/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

CoUections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-. H 18/-. J 18/-. K 12/-. L9/- per dor.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.£.

CABBAGE.

THE BEST CABBAGE in CULTIVATION

64. and Is. per packet, Is. 6d. per ounce.

Mr. J. Mulr, In the "Journal of Hortl-

tlculture " of May 24, says :—

" Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage

measures 70 feet by 60 feet, and here

we have many sorts growing. The

best of all these at the present time Is

WEBBS' EMPEROR."

I I

Per Ounce, Post-free.
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE . . 6d.
ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 6d.

EARLY RAINH AM do. .. 6d.

EARLY DWARF YORK do. . . 6d.

LAE.GE RED DUTCH do. 6d. pkt. 9d.

ONION. p,,,,. Ounce.

WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI 6d. .. Is.

WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI 6d. . . 9d.

LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI 6d. . . 9d.

GIANT ROCOA 6d. .. Is.

WHITE LISBON . .. 6d.

WHITE SPANISH or READING 6d.

All Garden Seeds free by Post or Rail.
Five per Cent. Discount for Cash.

WEBB &, SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

NEW ROSES for 1884.

Cranston's
NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited)

ARE NOW ISSUING THEIR

SPRING CATALOGUE,

Which will be forwarded free on application.

It comprises a Selection of the best

NEW ENQLISH and FBENCH BOSES,

a choice assortment of TEA-SCENTED,
NOISETTE, and other varieties suitable for
Spring Planting, also CLEMATIS, BEDDING
and HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD,

THE

SATURDAY, fULY 19, 1884.

HAM HOUSE.

THE manor of Petersham, bounded by the
Thames, Richmond Park, and the grounds
of Ham House, belonged to the abbey of Chert-
sey, whose tutelary saint was St. Peter. It
remained the ham or dwelling of Peter till the
fifteenth century, when it passed by gift to
Henry V. In 1541 it was granted to the
divorced Queen Anne of Cleves. In 1617 it
was devised by letters patent to Sir Francis
Bacon and others as trustees for Charles, Prince
of Wales ; and twenty years later it was granted
by the same prince, then King Charles I., to
William Murray, page and whipping boy 10 the
Prince of Wales, a son of the Kector of Dysart
in the county of Fife, and afterwards, by
creation, Baron Huntingtower, and Earl Dysart
in the peerage of Scotland. In default of male
heirs Scotch peerages usually descend to
females, and the title and estates of the earl
accordingly descended to his eldest daughter
Elizabeth, whose marriage with Sir Lionel Tol-
lemache, Bart., of Helmingham Hall, in Suffolk,
brought the earldom of Dysart into that ancient
family.

Sir Lionel died, and two years later his
accomplished lady, " the beautiful, witty, eccen-
tric Lady Dysart," as she was justly called,
married the Earl (afterwards Duke) of Lauder-
dale. By the Duke she had no children ; by
Sir Lionel she had a numerous family, one of
whom married Lord Lorn, afterwards first Duke
of Argyle, and in consequence of this alliance
Ham House became the birthplace of two
children who were both in turn Dukes of
Argyle. Ham House, in fact, has been the
cradle and home of dukes and earls — Lander-
dales, Argyles, and Dysarts. The brothers
just mentioned were both distinguished as
statesmen, and one of them as an arboricul-
turist at the time when tree planting became
the fashion in England, and was carried into
Scotand by several of the great proprietors of
that country. The elder brother is best known
from his flattering portrait in the Heart of Mid-
lothian. His English suburban residence was
at Sudbrook Park, Petersham, where he planted
the Cedar of Lebanon, which is now frequent
in the same district, where the earliest seed-
lings were reared and distributed. The oldest
Cedars of Lebanon in the country are found
hereabouts, and among them are some good
specimens at Ham House. The same inter-
esting historic character probably planted the
Silver Firs which now grow so magnificently
in the woods of Inverary Castle, and no doubt
he sowed the first seed of this tree, which
reached him from abroad, in his nurseries at
Sudbrook Park. The timber then planted here
would now be mature, but the devotion of the
site to the public recreation by adding it to
Richmond Park many years ago has obliterated
all traces of the ducal plantations.

John, Duke of Argyle, sometimes called
Jeannie Deans' Duke, was renowned both in
peace and war, and although we cannot now
describe the great place he held in the history

70

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 18

of his time, we may say in his praise that he
fought at Ramillies under Marlborough, drove
the Pretender out of Scotland, was noted for
his high courage, and filled great offices both in
England and Scotland. He earned his statue
in Westminster Abbey, if only by the timber he
planted, and deserved better verses than Pope's
well known and rather pompous couplet : —

" Argyle, the State's whole thunder born to wield,
And shake alike the Senate and the Field."

The duke died at Sudbrook Park in 1743.

Ham House, in three storeys of red brick, is
a good specimen of the houses of its period —
1610 ; one front faces the river, another looks
upon a terrace and lawn in the opposite direc-
tion, and in seeking an opening through the
Elms which thickly envelope the mansion, it is
found in the avenue reaching to Ham
Common. One of the Elms in this avenue is
said to have suggested Hood's poem "The Elm
Tree.'' It is difficult to get a view of the house
from any distant point, since the Elms, which
thrive so well, and grow so large on this level
land on the banks of the river, enshroud it on
every side. Immediately around the house,
however, an ample open space has been
secured by those whose taste and good sense
laid the original plan, and the Elms and their
inner edging of fine old Scotch Firs are kept at
a proper distance by wide lawns and walks and
terraces.

During more than 200 years this house has
been the residence of the same noble family,
and the richness of its decorations, the pictures,
old furniture, books, bijouterie and tapestry,
and a magnificent staircase, bespeak wealth and
something besides, which the unassisted purse
cannot attain. The Countess of Dysart must
have been a wonderful woman. It was she
who refurnished the house ; its decorations are
hers ; the inlaid floors and tables bear her
cypher. The great gates are of Charles II.'s
time and hers, and bear the ToUemache Fret
and the Murray Mullets, with the arms of her
second husband, the Duke of Lauderdale — that
very great man, the chief of those despotic
Ministers whose initials form the word " cabal,"
and who sat in council here in the Cabal
Chamber. Great as he was, she was mistress
here. "The Lady Dysart," says Burnet (///j-
tory of His Own Times), " came to have so
much power over the Lord Lauderdale that it
lessened him much in the esteem of all the
world, for he delivered himself up to all her
humours and passions." She spent his money
freely, and hence the costly magnificence of her
house, and hence our notice of the beautiful,
intriguing, talented countess. As a lover of
beauty and the arts what a garden would have
been hers if she had lived now ! Dibdin, the
bibliographer, called her library at Ham
House " a wonderful book paradise." She
filled her rooms with the portraits and
varied works of Janssen, Vandyck, Lely,
Kneller, Cuyp, Wouvermans, and others of that
date. The very recesses of her fireplaces are
enriched by the hand of art. The backs are of
metal richly embossed and overlaid with coats-
of-arms. The dogs and " irons " upon the
hearth are, in several of the rooms, of silver
and bronze. The coverlet and pillows in her
bed-chamber are richly embroidered. Her
hangings are of satin, her fringes are of gold
and silver ; a silken canopy, now in tatters,
formed a stately awning to her arm-chair. Her
own apartments, called the Duchess of Lauder-
dale's, remain very much as she left them.
Perhaps the most magnificent legacy of the
past, so far as the decoration of the house is
concerned, is the massive staircase from the
hall to the principal rooms above. Oak and
walnut do not fade, as the tapestry and rich
hangings of some of the apartments have done.
The ballustrades, as well as the entablatures
and pillars of the doorways on the landing, are

beautifully ornamented with carvings of fruits
and flowers, military trophies, and weapons of
war.

Another Countess of Dysart gains distinction
in the family history by her length of life. This
venerable lady, who died in 1840 at the age of
ninety-five years, lost her surname, as ladies
will, by marrying Mr. Manners, M.P. for
Leicestershire, a grandson of the Duke of Rut-
land, and she recovered it by royal licence, that
the ancient name of ToUemache might be con-
tinued. Her grandson was the sixth earl, the
present Lord Dysart is the eighth, and the pre-
sent occupants of this old and aristocratic seat
are his uncles, the Hon. Frederick and Hon.
Algernon ToUemache. H. E.

ONCIDIUM TRICUSPID.'^TUM, RcU. /.*

This is one of the numerous curious Costa Rican
discoveries of Herr Oberhofgartner Pi. Wendland,
It belongs to the Leochilian section. The bulbs are
narrow, ultimately much wrinkled, I-leaved, and
with an inferior leaf. Leaves cuneate, oblong acute,
of parchment texture. Peduncle panicled, surpassing
the leaves. Flowers with orange sepals, having a
brown mid-line. Petals lightest sulphur with very
numerous small brown spots and back, forming a
curious contrast with the sepals. Lip very shortly
cuneate at the base, with a great oblong bilobed blade,
sulphur, with transverse brown bars at the base, a cal-
lous elevation between. The column has two ligulate
blunt arms from the infrastigmatic part and a beaked
rostellar process. It is botanically interesting. The
fresh plant at hand was kindly forwarded by Mr. F.
Sander, of St. Albans, and I presume it was
collected by Mr. Hiibsch, since the same collector
sent lately dried inflorescences at hand. ff. G.
Rchb.f.

Cattleya guttata Williamsiana, n. var.

A fine Cattleya, very near Sir Trevor Lawrence's
Cattleya guttata lilacina, but without any spots on the
fine purplish sepals and petals. Lip white, with dark
purple front lobe. It was kindly forwarded by our
excellent Orchidic patriarch, Mr. B. S. Williams, who
received it from W, Lee, Esq., Downside, Leather-
head.

THE TUBEROUS BEGONIA.

Those who have been in the habit of visiting the
Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, cannot fail to
notice the decided improvement made during the past
year in this useful greenhouse flowering plant. Mr.
Laing works on the same lines as were laid down
many years ago by the late Mr. George Glenny. The
old veteran's teachings have been greatly ridiculed by
some members of the modern school of gardening,
but it is a remarkable fact that wherever any suc-
cessful results have been obtained in the field of flori-
culture, it has been by adhering less or more to
Glenny's rules formulated when floriculture was in its
infancy, and the rule is the same whether the flowers
are single or double. Even the single Dahlia is no
exception, for I have observed when the merits of the
new single Dahlias have been under discussion those
with circular flowers, and great substance of petals have
been preferred to those with narrower petals, and which

^ Oncidium tricusf'idatinn. — " Beitr. Orch. Kiind. Central
Amfcrikas,"&c.,7 li. — AfT.Oncidio carinato.Knw. Westc: labello
ante basin ascendentem dettexo cuneato dilatato bilobo ; callo
in basi transverso luinore anteposilo oblongo apice bilobo :
columns; brachiis ligulatis ; rostcUo ornilhorhyncho jequalibus.
Pseudobulbus ligulatus monophyllus pollicaris. Folium cuneato
oblorigum acutum valde coriaceum siccum multibtrialum ac
favulosum duos usque octos poUices longum plus duos
latum. Folium stipans inferius vulgo bene foliaceum sub.xqnale ;
vagin.x btipantes pedunculi scariosa: acuminata;. Pedunculus
validus usque bipedalis robustus vaginis distantibus actl-
tis, sursum paniculatus. Rami plures crassi, 'ongiores.
Bractea; triangula; carinatrv ovariis pedicellatis bene
breviores seu subbreviores. Sepala ligulala acuta lateralia
supra nervum medium carinata. Tepala breviora obtusiora.
Labellum basi arreclum statim deflexum subHabellato bi-
fidum : laciniis anticis obtusangulis, callo semirotundo vertice
retuso ; callo oblongo antice bilobo anteposito. Columna;
bteviusculsc brachia ligulata duo ligulata cbtusa, Rostellum
ornithorhynchum. //. G. Rchb.

did not take so well to the rounded form. In select-
ing the best seedling Amaryllises the same rule has
been applied, the flowers with narrow petals and
openings between them are rejected at once, while
those with broad stiff petals, which form a rounded
flower, are always preferred — colour of course playing
an important part, bright and decided colours being
preferred to those that are dull and undecided.

The correctness of Mr. Laing's taste in dealing with
the Begonia has been proved by the profusion with
which First-class Certificates have been positively
showered down upon his flowers by all the great
London societies. The most recent exhibition of the
Stanstead Begonias was the very fine group exhibited
at the Crystal Palace Rose Show. In that group
were two new white varieties ; the one under the name
of Bridesmaid was first brought under the notice of
the judges, and it was thought to be well worthy of
the honour of a First-class Certificate, until the other
white kind, White Perfection, was inspected ; this
had much rounder flowers, and it was preferred at
once to the other. My notes of White Perfection are
— " The best white variety yet raised ; habit of plant
dwarf and compact ; flowers round, of good substance,
pure white, and 3^ inches across." Bridesmaid forms
an erect plant, very floriferous ; flowers large, pure
white, and of good form. Between the white and
rose coloured kinds are Her Majesty, a most remark-
able variety, white, or rather blush in the centre,
shading to rose at the margin ; plant of good dwarf
habit, flowers large, of good substance, and fine form.
Distinction is a very pretty flower, white, edged with
rose. Mr. Laing is hopeful that this is the fore-
runner of a new type that will be edged like the
Picotee.

There are many fine rose-coloured varieties, the
best is Lady Chesterfield ; it has deep rose flowers of
large size and fine quality. Marchioness of Bute is a
very good pale rose-coloured kind. Lady Brooke forms
a good habited plant, with very large bright rose
flowers. William Spinks, rose, large flowers and
good habit of plant. Mrs. Weekes has flowers of a
peculiar pinky tint. Rose Perfection, a fine, rich,
clear rose, of very fine form. Hon. Mrs. Goschen,
deep rose. Miss A. (ireen, violet-rose, very free
flowering. Mr. A. Forbes is worthy of a high place
amongst scarlet flowers ; they are of a large size,
whitish at the centre. Lord Chesterfield is one of
the best crimson coloured kinds, very large and of
good form. H. Walter, brilliant orange-scarlet ; and
Ball of Fire, scarlet, are both good. The largest
flowered Begonia raised at Stanstead is vermilion-
scarlet, Stanstead Surprise ; the flowers are 61 inches
across. Swalby, rich bright scarlet. If improvement
has been great in white varieties it has been equally
so in the yellow and bronzy-yellow colours. Golden
Queen, certificated at the Crystal Palace, has larger
flowers than any yet seen ; it is clear golden-yellow,
and the flowers are freely produced. Torey Laing,
bronzy-yellow — a fine dwarf-habited plant. Countess
of Rosslyn is dark bronzy-yellow, a distinct and good
kind.

Amongst double varieties Alba plena forms neat
rosettes of pure white flowers, in the same way as
Canary Bird forms neat rosettes of clear yellow.
Virginale is also a fine double white, and Sulphurea is
yellowish-white. Prince of Wales is the largest and
best double dark crimson, Dr, Duke is the best of
the scarlet double varieties, flowers of large size,
Rosamonde Leguin, rosy-salmon— very fine, with
handsome drooping flowers. The system of culture
pursued at Stanstead is a very simple one. The
plants like a rich open compost, and when they are
coming into bloom air must be freely admitted. It
is a good plan to start the plants in heat, indeed, if
this is not done they will flower late. They may be
started early in the year in any early vinery, and be
grown on there until they are shaded by the Vines,
when they should be taken into a lighter place, and
be placed near the glass. After this they must be
kept growing steadily, and when the flowers begin
to open let them have plenty of air and light, shading
from bright sunshine. At Stanstead Park a large
span-roofed house is exclusively devoted to their
culture : under such conditions the plants receive
exactly the treatment they require. J. Douglas.

Jamaica Fruits. — The export of Pine-
apples from Jamaica last year amounted, according
to the Report of the Director of the Botanic Garden,
to 7722 dozens, of the value of £1158. Oranges are
exported to America at the rate of 34,000,000, yield-
ing .^37,560, Of Bananas 937,951 bunches, of the
value of ;J93,795 were exported.

JOLY 19, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

71

POTATOS AT PENGE.

Chiefly by reason oi his position as the active
Secretary to the International Potato Exhibition, Mr.
P. McKinlay, of Penge, the well-known amateur
cultivator of Potatos, has for some time refrained from
exhibiting largely for competition at the Crystal
Palace shows, and with a view to obtain useful
,-f„-„-.; ..^ as to the general qualifications of new or
Of recently introduced kinds, now chiefly devotes his
Cultural attention to these. As a member of the
Seedling Committee of the exhibition, and thus called
upon to take an active part in the examination of the
new kinds grown for trial in anticipation of receiving
certificates at Chiswick now yearly, it is a matter of
special value thus to have the assistance which culti-
vation under one's own eyes of many of these new
kinds gives. It is a peculiar fortune that in the
garden specially devoted to Potato culture at Penge
Mr. McKinlay has one of the most beautiful soils that
can well be found, though, perchance, the consider-
able addition of much of the sweepings from the
London streets to it has very materially helped it.
This soft rich soil is some 3 feet in depth, and as it
always works freely it presents for Potatos almost a
soil paradise.

Usually well manured, it was thought that for
once no fresh manure should be added, and there-
fore all the seed tubers were this year planted
without any additional help in the way of manure,
still the growth of strong robust kinds has been mar-
vellous. In many cases there are between the rows
intervals of 4^ feet, yet in spite of such a width there
may be seen row after row, the tops of which touch
each other, each row presenting wonderful banks or
masses of foliage. Specially grand in growth are
Prime Minister, Reading Russet, Chancellor, The
Dean, Lady Truscott, Wiltshire Giant, and others ;
indeed had the rows been closer together the tops
would have been injuriously crowded. In no case
are there any rows closer together than 3^ feet, and
although in a few instances the whole of the room is
not occupied yet in by far the larger majority it is
amply filled.

Usually an early planter, Mr. McKinlay did not
begin this year till the middle of April, but of course
the sets were well selected and prepared, so that
growth was immediate and robust. Thus too late to
receive injury from the severe April frosts, the plants
were from the first unchecked, and the growth is such
as is rarely seen in the best of gardens. Rather an
Unusual incident in Potato culture is seen in the sup-
porting erect by means of stakes and cords of the tops
of one robust kind that had been planted by mistake
amongst dwarfer sorts. Looking at the dense leaf-
age and hedge-like form of the tops, it would seem as
if such method of supporting the haulm would prove
to be the best protection to the tubers beneath from
heavy rains and washing in of the fungus spores. It
will be presently further matter of special interest to
note how much longer the leafage of a kind thus held
from contact with the soil will remain free from fungoid
attacks than will \hi leafage of a sim larkind t'e tops of
which lie sprawling all over the soil. Mr. McKinlay is
quite satisfied of the danger of promoting what Mr.
Jensen terms after-sickness in the newly lifted tubers
by taking up a crop whilst the tops are yet alive with
iungus spores. Some sad experience of this practice
in previous years especially with the handsomest
samples has made him wary, and if early lifting is
found indispensable in some cases ample care will be
taken that before doing so the affected tops are first
careiully removed a day at least before lifting. It will
be well if all Potato growers should bear this matter
in mind, for its importance cannot be over-estimated :
of course the warning only applies when disease is
prevalent.

In addition to such older kinds of Potatos as Inter-
national, Woodstock Kidney, King of Potatos, Read-
ing Russet, Vicar of Laleham, Bountiful, and others,
we saw at Penge Cosmopolitan, Recorder, Lord
Mayor, Alderman, Snowdrop, Sanday's Seedling, a
form of Lapstone ; Lady Truscott, The Dean, Prime
Minister, Chancellor, Sunrise, Edgcote Purple, Life
Guard, and others of the most recent introduction,
and not a few very promising seedlings, most of which
are also being this year grown at Chiswick. In a few
cases there is a development of rust chiefly amongst
the American kinds, though some few of these in
newer forms are doing finely, and will doubtless
shortly turn out some handsome samples. Unfor-
tunately American kinds show little improvement.

CHOICE PLANTS FLOWERING
AT CAMBRIDGE.

NEi.irMBiUM LUTEUM. — This beautiful plant is
now blooming in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, and
as it is diflkult to flower the manner of its treatment
may be of some interest. There is no proper aqua-
rium for tender water plants, and they have to be
grown in tubs, which stand on a stage in the Cactus-
house, where there is all possible light. The tub in
which this grows is 14 inches deep and 2 feet 3 inches
wide at the top. The soil is S inches deep, and con-
sists of about two parts fibry turf, one part rotten
cow-dung, and one part rough sand. Three tubers
were planted early in April, and the result now is a
handsome, though not large, specimen, with about
three dozen leaves, and five flowers in different stages,
to be seen at the present time. The earliest flower
is poised on a stalk about 3 feet high, reaching rather
above the leaves, and its pale sulphur colour is lovely
and the form most elegant, while the delightful per-
fume seems to suggest the smell of very sweet hay.
Remarks have several times been made in the garden-
ing journals about the possibility of flowering this
Nelurabium out-of-doors, chiefly, if our memory
serves, upon the strength of its enduring in the wild
state a cold more severe than that of our own winters.
With our winters no doubt it would be quite satisfied,
but success rather turns upon the more important
matter of temperature for its summer development,
and as our summers have not the warmth and sun of
its American home, we have but small hope of suc-
ceeding with it out-of-doors under our skies. True,
it does flower in the Jardin des Plantes of Paris, but
there the climate is more favourable. We do not dis-
courage trials, and where there is any chance of suc-
cess, as, for instance, in the Isle of Wight, they should
still be made. The case of Zizania aquatica is some-
what parallel with this probably. It has grown well
in the bog garden at Cambridge for the last four years,
but it never flowers, the reason being, no doubt, that
our summers are not hot enough. Perhaps in this
case, if we had colder winters, the cold would make
the plant more susceptible to the warmth we have.

Antigonon leptopus. — This fine climber, which
so rarely flowers, is now blooming. Special means have
been taken to make it flower, and probably by the prin-
ciple adopted it can always be made to bloom without
difficulty. It was introduced to Kew by seeds, and
the plant, whicVflowered for the first time in Britain
(figured in the Botanical Magazine of 1S6S), was
grown in the propagating pit and trained close to the
glass, and it was potted on with a number of other
plants for the purpose of giving shade, in order to do
without the roller-blinds as much as possible. It was
thus flowered by means of free growth and plenty of
light, and following upon this the Cambridge speci-
men was planted in a brick inclosure made for it
behind the pipes in the Cactus-house, where it has a
good mass of soil, and the shoots are trained close to
the glass over which there is no shading. These shoots
are now 12 feet long, and having made a free un-
checked growth, have attained the development
which alone will produce flowers. The fruit has not
yet been formed in this country. The tendrils are
formed by modification of the flower peduncles, and
it is interesting to observe, when flowers are produced,
that the stalks of the upper part of the inflorescence
are still modified to tendrils, and are apparently
active in the purpose they are intended to serve.
This plant was not examined by Mr, Darwin, and it
does not seem that an exactly similar case has been
recorded.

Iris hexagona. — When Mr. Baker wrote his
monograph of the genus Iris for our pages some
years ago he spoke of this species as being very
desirable to introduce, and, though it has now
been cultivated for some time, we learn that it has
flowered here recently for the first time in this
country. Though hard to flower it is a fine plant ;
the flowers are probably over 5 inches across, and of
a blue-purple, like that of some of the Kcempferi
varieties. The plant which flowered grew in the
border of a greenhouse, and it seemed to show, what
we have so often observed, that stemmed monocoty-
ledonous plants must have active roots as near as
possible to the growing point to do well. When
this specimen, with a piece of rhizome, was
taken up for the Scientific Committee, it was
found that at the very end of the rhizome, directly

below the flower-stem, descending as if they belonged
only to it, was a mass of vigorous roots. The mono-
cotyledonous stem, as a rule, appears to be a poor
transmitter of sap, and even in the case of Palms,
which often have tall trunks, it will be seen that the
most important roots are those the higher on the
stem, and nearly the youngest, which are not long
very often in superseding those that are earlier formed.
With few words more about this Itis we may add that
it will prove one of the best if it can be flowered with
any degree of certainty.

VlTis GONGYLODES.— Though already figured in
our pages (January 13, 1SS3) from the first flowering
specimens produced in this country, grown in the
Cambridge Botanic Garden, we may once more
revert to it, as it is again flowering there. We may
do so because of the very handsome appearance of
the main stems, which are beautifully undulating in
their growth, and bear numerous lateral flowering
branches. The appearance of this plant is now very
fine, and it is even diflicuU not to regard it, in its
habit of growth, as the finest species, so that it
ought, in our opinion, to be more often cultivated in
large houses, where it can never fail to be an object
of interest and beauty if well treated.

A SUBURBAN WINTER

GARDEN.

This term, Mr. Lascelles, of Sydenham Road
North, Croydon, has appropriately given to a
cheap form of glass-house which he has built and
furnished with shrubs and plants for his own comfort
and pleasure. As Mr, Lascelles truly says, he has a
perfect winter garden, with numbers of plants bloom-
ing all the year round, and this without the aid of
expensive hothouses for bringing plants into bloom
to supply what are generally termed conservatories.
He also contends that very few plants will continue
in bloom with good appearance for a satisfactory
length of time if they be removed from a hothouse
to a conservatory, even if the latter be kept at the
same temperature as the former. He instanced a
case where twelve hothouses were kept going and
several men employed to keep a large conservatory
projecting from a mansion well stocked with plants in
full bloom.

This plan necessitated the change of many
plants once a week, and when done the result
was a dazzling blaze of colour, without anything
natural to attract or aflord real comfort or plea-
sure while they are being inspected. The tem-
perature, too, is necessarily too high under this
highly artificial system to be either comfortable to
visitors, or safe for their heahh. Mr. Lascelles
aims at maintaining a moderate temperature in
his winter garden throughout the year, which
he generally succeeds in doing by employing
an inexpensive system of hot-water pipes (to be
explained below) in winter, and shading in summer.
This temperature he prefers because it suits the plants
he cultivates, and because he says it is the most com-
fortable temperature for human beings to live in,
whether they be healthy or invalids.

The winter garden is iSo feet in length, 14 feet in
width, with a span glass roof 12 feet high at the
ridge. This roof is built to a wall on the south side,
so that the aspect of the wall in the house is due north.
According to general notions, this house should have
been built to the wall on the other, or north side of
the garden, so that the glass front would have
had the full effect of the mid-day sun. But this is
just the point that Mr. Lascelles preferred to avoid.
There is plenty of light for the plants on and near
the wall with its northern aspect, as shown by their
healthy and vigorous growth ; while, with the excep-
tion of a few hours at mid-day in summer-time, the
path on this side is shaded, and any one can pro-
menade, cut flowers or otherwise attend to them in a
comfortable temperature. The shade of this wall in
the heat of summer is considered to be advantageous
to the plants in the house generally, while the extra
fire-heat required to counteract its effect on sunny
days in winter is but trifling. The object is to have a
warm winter garden and a temperate-house in summer,
and flowers to cut or take into the dwelling-house
all the year round. With a southern glass front —
unless there be an expensive system of shading by
canvas, or the unsightly plan of whitewashing inside
be adopted — the temperature from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
must partake too much of the character of an Indian

72

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

{July 19, 1884.

climate or a Turkish bath to please or suit the English
taste.

The glass side to this winter garden is, as will be
inferred, on the north. A brick wall 3 feet in height
is first built, and then glass sashes 5 feet high ate
fixed, to take the bearing of the roof.

The flooring of the house is divided in a very con-
venient and attractive manner. There is rockwork
about 18 inches in width and 3 feet in height project-
ing from each wall, with spaces intervening for plant-
ing Camellias, Fuchsias, and so on, in the bottom
soil. Between these blocks of rockwork, as they
may be termed, concrete baskets containing Ferns,
rock plants, and so on are fixed. Thus the bare
stems of Rose trees and Fuchsias, which are trained
to blossom in front of the glass on the one side, and
high up the wall on the other, and under the roof
on both sides, are hidden by charming foliage
and small blossoming plants. At the foot of
each wall, on both sides, a Fuchsia is planted
under each tie-rod. These are trained up to form
an arch by means of the main stems, and as the
spaces between them are interwired they will soon
form a pleasant shade over the paths. Fuchsias of
the same or a similar colour are planted under each
tie-rod, dark and light colours being grown alter-
nately. There are seventeen of these cross-ties so
covered. The effect already is charming, for as one
sits at either end of the winter garden and looks over
the paths the effect of the foreshortening is to
give a complete panorama of blossom and foliage.

In the soil of the blocks of rockwork there
are concrete vases placed on a level with the
surface. These are for filling with rotten manure,
on which are then placed large Pelargoniums, small
Rose trees, and other blooming plants in pots. There
are 130 Rose trees, large and small, in pots,
and about the same number of Pelargoniums and
Fuchsias. The object of placing the tubs of manure
in the rockwork is that they may be crowned with
Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, Roses, and so on, in pots a
foot in diameter and a foot in depth. The roots of
these plants find their way through the hole at the
bottom of the pot, and therefore, just at the time
when they are required to make a vigorous growth
and send out a mass of bloom, they have extra food
within reach to enable them to do it. These plants
are lifted twice a year, and so vigorous has the growth
of roots often been that the manure conies bodily out
of the sub-pot or tub on removing the top one. The
roots are then cut off under the bottom of the pot
the plants stand in, the tubs ate refilled with fresh
rotten manure, and plants replaced for another
vigorous growth. If I say that the top of these blocks
of rockwork are filled up with small Ferns and rock
plants, and moss that gets a taste of the rotten
manure and forms a perfect collar 5 or 6 inches in
depth around the base of the top pot, and also that
the basket-like projections are made in the front of
the rockwork and filled with suitable plants, the reader
can fill in the remaining details and appreciate the
effect of the whole.

The centre of this winter garden is equally interest-
ing. There are two lattice paths about 3 feet 6
inches in width, one on each side, the outer line of
each being against the 18 inches of rockwork. This
leaves about 4 feet for the centre bed, which is filled
with larger trees and plants. This bed is lined with
concrete slabs, 2 feet deep. It is also divided across
by slabs every 3 feet. Mr. Lascelles' object in doing
this is to confine the roots of each tree or plant as
much as possible to its own soil. Some trees and
shrubs are gross feeders, and if their ruots be allowed
to run without check they will starve less vigorous
ones, while, if it be desirable to move a plant or shrub
bodily to another part of the house or elsewhere, it
could not be done without injury to both plants as the
roots would be interlaced and much of them sent out
by both plants would have to be cut away to get them
parted ; but, by confining the main roots of plants to
a given space each one may be removed to a more
convenient place according to the size to which it has
grown, or packed and sent to any part of the kingdom
without causing any permanent injury. As evidence
of the success of this plan, I may add that most of
the trees and shrubs now in this house had been
growing in smaller houses eight or ten years, and
they were transplanted without the loss of a bud or
leaf withering.

Mr. Lascelles divides his blooming plants, and brings
them forward according to their respective seasons.
The main crops are Roses in the spring. Pelargoniums

and Fuchsias in the summer. Chrysanthemums in the
autumn, and Camellias in the winter. Respecting
the Chrysanthemums, I may say that these plants were
in full blossom last year from October till after
Christmas. But this year Mr. Lascelles has provided
for a relay, for which purpose he has 350 plants in pots.
Half of these will be introduced to the house at the
usual time, and the other half will be kept in a cold
house till December. Thus he will have a fine show
of these charming winter flowers from the beginning
of November till the end of January. Of course
there are varieties of minor plants brought forward,
such as annuals, for grouping and spotting about to
make gay any dull corner or gap from other plants or
shrubs having ceased flowering.

In the centre bed there is a Camellia planted ex-
actly half-way between each pair of the cross-tie rods.
Between the Camellias are a variety of choice and
interesting plants, such as the winter flowering Choro-
zema, the spring-blooming Clematis indivisa, the
Japanese Jessamine, the blue winter-flowering Lasi-
andra. Oleanders ; fine specimens of the much-
respected old-fashioned Myrtle ; Jackman's large
pale-coloured Clematis, blooming all summer ; the
ladies' favourite lemon-scented Verbena ; Genista,
a fine plant, 6 feet high, with four stems tied into a
pyramid ; Plumbago capensis, I2feet high, clean and
vigorous; Datura, 12 feet high and S feet through,
close up under the glass, full of its long bloom-buds ;
and so on.

The economy in the materials used, the con-
veniences for its easy management, and its efficiency
in regard to the purpose for which it was designed,
leave nothing to he desired. The roof is formed of
suitably light wooden rafters, and the glazing is done
by puttying. Mr. Lascelles' experience is that iron
and glass without putty are not economical. Heat
generated by the fire escapes between the crevices
left by the imperfect fitting of the glass and iron. It
is now, also, frequently, if not generally, found that
these crevices harbour mischievous insects. The
fitting of the roof at the eaves over the glass front
side is glass to glass — that is, the lower panes of the
glass of the roof rest on or join to the top of the
panes of the glass front. The roof panes slightly pro-
ject over the front panes, but not far enough to shoot
the water clear, as it is preferred to have the water
from the roof run down the front glass, whereby it is
washed. The mode of ventilation is cheapness itself.
Sashes for opening at the top and sides are simply
hinged on to the runners. The opening and holding
iron is of a modified " S " form with an eye in the
centre for screwing it to the upright which the
sash closes against. A slot is made in the lower
end of the ," S " into which a knob on the
frame of the sash is inserted. By depressing the top
of the **S,"lhe knob is acted upon, and the sash
may be opened an inch and held perfectly " taut " in
that position, or it may be opened 6 inches or a foot,
and left safely in either position. The "S" is of
cast-iron, its width 2 inches, and its cost 3</. Mr,
Lascelles says that, so far as he knows, not a single
pane of glass in this house has been cracked, although
it was completed over two years ago.

Another feature attached to this house is found to
answer admirably. A bank of soil with concrete
facing is raised against the wall on the glazed side.
This is 3 feet high, and in the form of two steps, each
iS inches high. The bottom layer is about a yard in
width, and the top one half that distance. The main
object of this is to catch the rain-water from the roof,
so that it may follow down the wall, and percolate
through the rockwork and the soil in which the in-
termediate plants stand. Ample provision is made
by ingenious drainage for preventing the soil from
getting waterlogged. The wall side of the roof is
troughed, and the water conducted into the house on
that side for the same purpose by lead pipes ; thus
just as much rain-water as would fall on the
ground if it was uncovered is conducted into the
house for the use of the plants. In the event
of an absence of rain for a long time, every facility
for keeping roots cool and for producing vapour
by means of evaporation from water heated by
the hot pipes is provided. In the middle of the
house there is a tank for water to be heated in it.
This is between the two paths, and covered with two
flaps simply hinged together in the middle, so that
one may be opened for a dip from either path. The
hot-water pipes were cheaply but efficiently laid the
whole length of the building in the trough under the
lattice path.

One merit of this winter garden is the small cost
of the glasshouse and its fittings. The roof is quite
plain, but Mr. Lascelles says he has long found that the
plants and shrubs he likes to grow thrive better with
a plain glass span-roof placed at a comparatively low
height than they do under high domes of iron and
glass. Besides, the eye soon ceases to be attracted
by fine ornamental work at a high elevation. The
cost of this house, everything included, was about
^3 per foot lineal measure. Of course these houses
can be constructed 50 feet, 100 feet, or any other
length at about the same proportionate rate. The cost
of fuel averages about 35^. per week the year round.

Every plant on the floor can be reached from the
paths, for tying or trimming, or for gathering flowers
from, while, with the aid of 6-feet steps, those on the
cross-bars and wires, as well as those at the top of the
roof, may be similarly attended to. Mr. Lascelles and
his family amuse themselves so much in this way that
his gardener says he can get through the work of
shifting pots and the heavier watering in summer in an
average of a quarter-day's time, which does not entail
much expense for manual labour.

The winter garden is admirably adapted, too, for
invalid establishments and for hotels and boarding-
houses in such humid climates as Torquay, the Lake,
and other districts. With such an attraction and its
accompanying comforts visitors would often stop over
a few rainy days, instead of saying, " We can't stand
this ; we had better pack up and go." Where one is
required for a large establishment, Mr. Lascelles
recommends that it should be built in three sections,
the width of his own, so that a 10 feet wide flooring
may be allowed for promenading and wheeling Bath
chairs and perambulators. The cost of a house in
three sections of 14 feet each would be less in propor-
tion, as there would be ample light without any side
glass.

The concrete slabs and the pieces of concrete for
rockwork are Mr. Lascelles' invention, and are now
largely made at the works of the firm of which
he was formerly a partner, at Stratford. The slabs
are also used most successfully for house building,
of which there are several specimens in the Syden-
ham Road, Croydon. With 2-inch walls the houses
are perfectly water-tight, and as the concrete is im-
pervious no moisture can rise from the foundation,
or the soil outside, by capillary attraction. The
outsides of the houses are faced with rough work in
various patterns and colours, of the iame material.
The colouring is done by mixing oxides and carbon*
ates with the concrete on a plan similar to that
adopted by painters for mixing their paints.

There are small Fern-houses, Grape-houses, and
Peach and Nectarine-hou&es in Mr. Lascelles' garden.
They are built to the north and east walls, exposure
to the full glare of a mid-day summer sun, with the
roots of the trees kept cool, suits them. There is also
a conservatory leading from the dining-room to the
winter garden. This is 20 feet in length, with an arched
roof 15 feet to the crown. It is used entirely for
foliage plants, and among them are some rare and
fine specimens. Amateur,

TRAVELS OF A USEFUL

PLANT,

In M. Mangin's work, Les yardins^ published at
Touts in 1S67, a curious account appeared of the
importation of the Coffee plant into France, and of
its subsequent conveyance to Martinique ; and ihe
same story was repeated in the Famous Parks and
Gardens oj the Worlds an illustrated volume, pub-
lished in London in iSSo, by T. Nelson & Sons.
We learn from M. Mangin that the Coffee plant first
struck root in French soil in one of the hothouses of
the Royal Gardens of Versailles, in 1703. But the
gardeners of that time were necessarily inexperienced
in the cultivation of exotics, and the plant died from
ill-treatment. The Dutch being then large importers
of produce from the East, another Coffee plant soon
reached the Royal Gardens as a present from the
Burgomaster of Amsterdam. The plant flourished,
and having been successfully propagated by cuttings,
a young plant was given by Antoine de Jussieu to the
Chevalier Declieux, a naval officer, who undertook,
at the request of the donor, to convey it to the French
colony of Martinique, the climate of which was
believed to be suitable, so that Coffee might be raised
there as an article of commerce. Aided by gods and
man, by Minerva, Bacchus, and Hercules, and by

July 19, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

73

various enterprising and colonising nations, from the Bounty with the Bread Fruit on board ; and still

Oreeks and Romans to the modern English, unnum- more frequently the plants have been neglected. But

bered plants have been removed from their original the French captain was just such an enthusiast as

stations to others in very different regions, sometimes our great plant collectors and importers are glad to

in another hemisphere, or at the antipodes, and fre- meet with, and he brought his pet plant-for he only

%ml!%

Fig. 16.— senecillis carpatica : flowers yellow,

quently the new stations have suited the emigrants
better than the old ones.

The travels of transported plants have been often
attended with danger. Sometimes they have encoun-
tered m routt a latitude too cold for them ; sometimes
the ship's crew have mutinied, as in the case of the

kept the cutting from Versailles alive by petting it—
safely to Martinique. The dangers of the voyage are
summed up briefly in the words, "Want of water."
Nothing in a sea voyage can be more terrible than a
failure of the store of water. The ration of the pre-
cious fluid which was served out to M, Declieux, at

last, did not exceed a small glassful daily, and perhaps
no other such example of self-denial in favour of a
valuable plant can be offered than that which forms
the subject of M. Mangin's very interesting narrative.
The Chevalier's devotion to the Coffee plant entrusted
to his care saved its life. He suffered severely, but
be still persisted in sharing the glass of water with
the plant, and he brought it to its destination in
safety.

If Professor Asa Gray reads this story I hope he
will regard it as making amends for an error I com-
mitted a year or two ago in half-killing the wrong
plant in these columns. This was done on pretty
good authority, too. The Professor discovered my
mistake, and corrected it, but he did not give the true
version of the story, which I trust has now been done,
as it should have been done before if I had met with
it sooner. H. E,

SENECILLIS CARPATICA.

Strictly, we suppose, we cught to refer this to
Senecio, but as that genus is so densely populated
we may be excused for retaining the garden name of
this fine herbaceous plant. A specimen was sent us
from Newry in early summer, by Mr. Smith. The
figure we give (fig. 16) is more expressive than words,
and will suffice to corroborate our statement, that
this is a very stately herbaceous plant, with yellow
flowers, suitable for the back rows of the herbaceous
border, or adapted for growing in front of shrubs,
and like situations. The plant is a native of the
Carpathians, and is but little known in gardens. It
is allied to Cineraria glauca.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

{Continued from p. 39.)
Sweden and Norway.— For real practical utility
perhaps few exhibits can excel or even equal that of
the above countries. Some idea may be formed of
the immense Pine and Fir forests which cover a very
considerable surface of this peninsula, when we state
that the value of timber yearly exported from these
countries to the United Kingdom alone is close on
;iS,ooo,ooo. Until lately but little restriction has
been placed on the cutting of timber in these countries,
so that great as the forests are they cannot be said to
have escaped injury, or that planting has been engaged
in to the extent it should have been. The Forest Cul-
ture Society, the object of which is to protect tbn
forests and promote tree culture, though only in i.'i
infancy, is doing good work in this way, and alrea 'y
a considerable portion of ground has been planted or
sown. Amongst the exhibits are several fluted columns,
21 feet in length and 4 feet in circumference, each
fluting consisting of one planed board an inch in
thickness. These columns have a remarkably light,
clean appearance, and from the conspicuous positions
in which they have been placed attract a good deal of
attention. Several well finished herring barrels and
a butter firkin show plainly what can be done in this
way by the Scandinavians. Neat models of sledges
and rafts for the conveyance of timber are also on view,
as well as the implements used by the woodmen, and
a picture showing the manner in which timber is
transported in winter from the forests to the rivers.
Sections of Pine and Fir are also exhibited, which,
with an interesting collection of young Firs and Pines
showing the trees at different stages of their growth
up to four years, cannot fail to be of great prac-
tical value to the arboriculturist.

St. Vincent.— Occupying one of the side tables
in the central transept is a series of most interesting
and curious exhibits from the Island of St. Vincent.
Particularly noteworthy amongst these is a numerous
collection of fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, as well as a
large representation of their edible products. Of tree
seeds there is also a fair collection, and good examples
of the various woods used for dyeing purposes. The
model of a woodman's hut constructed of Bamboo,
and thatched with coarse grass, as used by the natives
for temporary shelter, boats, hats, and baskets, are
also included in the collection. Chocolate, or rather
the fruit of the Cacao from which it is made, and the
roots of the plant from which arrow-root is obtained,
are well worthy of inspection, as are also the " Old
Man's Beard," a native seaweed, and the nest of one
of the termite family, popularly called, from its destruc-
tive influence on wood, the "Carpenter's Friend,"

74

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 18

both of which may be regarded more as curiosities
than otherwise.

Denmark. — Of great value to practical forestry is
a series of masses showing the mean heights of various
forest trees from 20 up to 120 years of age, and the
cubic contents per acre at the same stages of growth.
Sections of old Oak and Beech, for which this
country has long been famous, as well as various
other woods, to all appearance of good quality, are
sent for exhibition. The Crown forests of Denmark
are well managed by practical foresters, and a society
has also been established for the planting of waste
land with timber. In iSSi nearly 500,000 acres
were under woodland. Models of the ploughs used
by the society for reforesting the waste lands, and
grubbers which are employed for breaking up ground
in the woodland intended for the reception of seed,
are well worthy of imitation by such of ourown foresters
as are at times engaged in a similar pursuit. Beauti-
fully coloured plates of trees, leaves, and forest insects,
photographs of remarkable trees, fungi considered de-
trimental to tree life, and a handy and to all appear-
ance practical instrument for measuring the heights of
trees, are all placed on the table for inspection. The
above, with various specimens of wooden shoes, some
made entirely of wood, others of wood and leather,
form a most interesting collection of the various forest
products from Denmark.

Cape Colon'Y.— This name is often applied to the
English colony now better known as the Cape of
Good Hope. The principal forest of this country is
the Knysna which covers an area of about 2500 miles
of the mountainous region between Algoa and Table
Bays. Great inducement is now offered for extended
planting at the Cape, which, with the measures of
conservation recently adopted by the Government,
will ultimately be productive of bene6cial results in
not only checking the threatened deforesting of the
country but in clothing the vast flats and waste lands
with flourishing woods and plantations. The princi-
pal indigenous tree here is the Yellow Wood, which
not only attains a large size, but is particularly valu-
able for flooring purposes as well as the construction
of carts, waggons, &c. In the manufacture of furni-
ture the Stinkwood is largely employed, being of an
unusually rich appearance and susceptible of a high
polish. Black and white Ironwood, Sneeze-wood,
which is of great specific gravity ; Camphor-wood,
the Stone Pine, and the Cape Box, are also exhibits
as well as a working model of a forest waggon bearing
a variety of the native woods. Of curiosities taste-
fully arranged on the table, we particularly noted a
number of native articles of adornment, such as neck-
laces and bracelets of Melon seeds, bead-work, hats
ingeniously constructed of weeds, and an interesting
collection of the now famous Zulu assegais, ostrich
eggs, &c.

Sierra Leone and Gambia are also well repre-
sented by large and varied displays of forest produce.
Thirty-two specimens of native trees have been sent
by the Government, none, however, of any particular
value, but generally well adapted for ordinary pur-
poses. The Rosewood and Mahogany from Gambia
are very inferior, both in graining and texture, to
what is generally used in this country, but they may
no doubt be turned to good account by the cabinet-
maker of ordinary pretensions. Perhaps the most
useful of the West African trees is the Koorooloongo,
which is not only plentiful but of very superior
quality, and used for similar purposes to what the
Oak is with us. The produce o( the Rubber-Taul,
one of the best rubber-producing trees of the colony,
is well exemplified in various samples of this com-
modity shown both in pure and impure states. Other
trees are valuable for their medicinal qualities, while
for the production of fruits, wine, gums, and various
dyes, including indigo, various others are much in
request. Samples of the grasses and cereals grown
in this country are also shown, as well as ropes and
nets made from fibre. One of these fibres is of very
substantial quality, as is illustrated by a hammock
made from it and forwarded for exhibition. Other
exhibits on this stand are the Mandingo saddle, which
is made of wood, various cooking utensils, models of
native huts, canoes, drinking cups, and chairs ; all of
which are tastefully designed, and at once convey the
idea that the natives are quite at home in these various
classes of workmanship.

The Calikoknian Redwood Trees,— At the
intersection of the western transept with the nave ii

conspicuously displayed a cross section of one of the
giant Redwoods from California. From its immense
size this tree (Sequoia sempervirens) must be
ranked among the grandest and most impressive
in the exhibition. Some idea of this colossal
section of wood and bark may be realised when
we state that the tree from which it was cut
was 295 feet in height, and contained no less than
6250 cubic feet of timber. It is certainly difficult for
even the liveliest imagination to form any adequate
conception of such a leviathan, and if such a task be
one to tax the fancy what must the reader think of
other trees in the groves of California that have
measured over 400 feet in height ! The exhibit in
question consists of a slice of the trunk, 13 feet in
diameter, and several inches in thickness, around
which is placed in position a section of bark from the
same tree 12 feet in height, thus forming a complete
chamber whose interior would accommodate the
inmates of an ordinary household. The bark, owing
to being deeply furrowed, is of varying thickness, of
a dull brown colour, and soft or elastic to the touch.
The timber of the Redwood, which varies a good
deal in texture as well as hue, is usually of a deep
rich brown colour, and admirably adapted either
for outdoor work or internal finish, which the various
articles of furniture here submitted for view only too
plainly show. It is also found to be remarkably
durable, free from warp or shrinkage, and easily
wrought — qualities which cannot be too highly prized
in any class of timber. Some immense logs of these
Californian trees, both in a rough and finished state,
are placed contiguous to the sections above-mentioned.
The exhibit, which is well arranged and of particular
interest, has been sent by the Californian Redwood
Company in Edinburgh.

Collections of Cones, Tree Seeds, &c.
(Vilmorin-Andrieux et Cie., Paris). — In looking
over the complete and accurately named collection of
cones and tree seeds exhibited by the above enter-
prising firm we could not help thinking what a pity it
was that a better system of arrangement had not been
adopted by the committee, and that exhibits of real
practical value, such as this, had not been allotted a
more prominent position, more especially as some of
those laid out in the main portion of the building have,
practically speaking, no connection with forestry
whatever. In the collection of Pine cones and seeds
ample opportunity is here afforded for settling many
points of dispute regarding the nomenclature of the
different forms of this rather complicated section of
our forest trees. Of these several very rare kinds are
on view, such as Pinus sylvestris rigaensis, P. aleppica,
P. Hamiltoni, P. insignis, P. muricata, P. Torrey-
ana, and P. tuberculata. The bark of three varieties
of Acacia (A. dealbata, A. melanoxylon, and A.
retinoides), all valuable for their rapidity of growth
and the great quantity of tannin matter they contain,
are also shown. Should the quantity and quality of
tannin matter contained in these varieties of Acacia
be equal to that of our native Oak they must be of
great commercial value, attaining, as they do, a
diameter of some 12 inches in ten years. A very
substantial and useful rope made of the inner bark of
the Lime tree, and festooned with cones, is gracefully
arranged around the margin of the stall, while the
interior is decorated with dried specimens of thirty of
the most useful varieties of Eucalyptus, seeds of which
are also exhibited in glass cases on the table.

From Devonshire Mr. Barrie, forester to the Hon.
Mark Rolle, sends a highly interesting and well
arranged series of cones, tree seeds, and sections of
wood, principally the rarer kinds. The arrangement
and nomenclature of this collection certainly reflects a
great amount of credit on the exhibitor, who, as will
readily be seen from the exhibits, has gone to a great
amount of trouble in the classification and arrange-
ment of his valuable collection. This estate, judging
from the cones sent, must not only have a well
assorted collection, but be well suited for the cultiva-
tion of many of the new and rarer Conifers. Various
other valuable collections of cones and tree seeds are
also exhibited, to which, later on, we hope to refer.

Wood-tests. — Mr. McCorquodale, forester at
Scone Palace, has sent for exhibition several articles
of real practical value, as illustrative of the qualities
of various woods that have, since the failure of the
Larch in this country, attracted a good deal ol atten-
tion. The first of these is a post of the Douglas
Spruce, which, with twenty-two others, was, in the
erection of a new wire fence at Scone, put in to test

their quality along with Silver Fir and Larch. It has
thus been seven years in use, and would, as Mr.
McCorquodale remarks, last for many more years.
After a careful examination of this post we feel certain
that neither the Larch nor Silver Fir are in a better
state of preservation, a point on which we would much
like to have Mr. McCorquodale's opinion. In an
article on the Douglas Fir, which recently appeared
in the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ this experiment was
brought under notice, and we are certainly pleased to
know that it has, so far as regards the lasting quali-
ties of the timber of this tree, been all that could be
desired. We have every reason to believe, as we
have frequently stated before, that there is a bright
future in store for this valuable Fir.

The second experiment was made with Silver Fir
to test its capabilities for railway purposes, and is as
follows :— Several sleepers of Silver Fir were laid
beside new Baltic Pine sleepers on the Caledonian
Railway line, 4 miles north-west of Perth, on April 17,
1877, to test their durability, and were lifted on
June 21, 1S84, with the object of being seen at this
Exhibition. The sleepers have thus been under
ground for over seven years, and it is believed they
will last as long again. Many of the Baltic sleepers
were thrown out last year being worn out. These
two experiments, conducted as they were in a fair
and open way, and by one who can confidently be
relied upon, will no doubt be the means of increased
attention being devoted to the cultivation of the trees
in question.

TEDSMORE HALL GARDENS.

Passing along a characteristic Welsh road about
2 miles from Rednal Station on the Great Western
Railway between London and Chester, you come to
this charming place, the residence of the Rev. T. M.
Bulkeley Owen. Entering by the gate, before which,
however, you will be inclined to linger to enjoy the
grandeur of the mountain scenery in the distance on
the right, but for this wait till you reach the front of
the Hall. Passing up the short carriage drive, the
idea of the place is ascertained— rich woodlands, with
shrubs. Foxgloves, Ferns, &c., nestled in tall grass, the
taller allowed to have its own course, mainly perhaps
on account of the bulb foliage not being fully ripe, for
in all the woodland immediately surrounding the
house thousands of bulbs make gay the early season
of the year — Scillas, Daffodils, Snowdrops, Winter
Aconites, Crocuses, &c., lighting up the dull months
with bright yet modest beauty. Now we stand at the
entrance to the hall-door ; fancy the picture if you
can — splendidly wooded all round, grand specimens
of Cedar of Lebanon, Araucaria, Larch, Chestnuts,
Oaks, with innumerable shrubs, flowering and others ;
and gazing in the distance over a district of sylvan
beauty you will see the huge piles of a former era —
the Welsh mountains, clad in a hazy light, varying
materially during the day, but extremely efl'ective
during eventide. At a distance of about 40 miles to
the west is the Berwyn Range and Arran Mowddy.
Passing round to the south terrace a magnificent view
is secured of the Corndon and Stiperstones, while a
little to the left may be seen the top of the Caradoc
and the Brown Clee, the highest mountain in Shrop-
shire ; and on the right you get almost an unparalleled
view ol the Breidden series and the Welshpool valley.

But, some will be asking, what are the special sub-
jects fostered at Tedsmore ? Well, all hardy subjects,
herbaceous and bulbous plants, shrubs and trees,
indeed, here is accumulated a wealth of hardy
subjects, the like of which one does not often have
the happiness to see ; and the happy and artistic
manner in which they are arranged shows you at
once that its owner is not inclined to encourage the
now nearly defunct orthodox style of gardening.
Beds and patches of summer colouring are at a dis-
count everywhere, with the exception of those on a
terrace at the south of the Hall, which is planted with
summer bedders ; but in the writer's opinion these
were far less efl'ective than the clothing of the terrace
wall with difl'erent varieties of the red Valerian — a
deep red variety was especially attractive, with Snap-
dragons and Erinus alpinus ; the development of the
latter was most remarkable, the tufts being some of

July 19, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

75

them suspended from the masonry by long woody
shoots, and the flowers were peeping through the
shrubby growth at the base of the wall ; this
looked extremely pretty. As you walk through the
place many most charmingly elieclive blendings of
foliar and floral growth rivet the attention ; Copper
Beeches, Acer Ncgundo variegatum, Gueldres Roses,
and Laburnums are prettily arranged, so that the
contrast of each to the other is well brought out, and
as a whole the effect is very beautiful, while in the
foreground you may see masses of Spiraea aruncus,
Eastern Poppies, towering Foxgloves, and Del-
phiniums ; fancy a picture of light blue Delphiniums,
broad masses of Spirsa aruncus, backed up by a
Copper Beech. Similar arrangements to this are
numerous at Tedsmore. To give anything like a
list even of the plants worth noticing would occupy
far too much of the valuable space of the Gurdciicrs'
Chronicle, but some of the more conspicuous plants
were jotted down upon the spot, and we will begin
with the

llERHACEOUS AND BULBOUS PLANTS. — A large
superficial area is occupied with these, and the
method of culture adopted, although not peculiar to
Tedsmore, is nevertheless much less practised than it
should be, viz., the " let alone management." The
borders are never dug nor hoed, but always hand-
weeded, and early every spring a good top-dressing
of manure and leaf-soil is given, which evidently is
just the treatment the plants enjoy, for rarely does
one see more luxuriant growth. Lathyrus Drum-
mondi in several places was very striking, being
covered with the racemes of scarlet flowers, and
reminded one that it was far ahead of any other ever-
lasting Pea for garden culture. Dictamnus Fraxinella,
in a mass 2 feet or more through, is very showy ; the
white variety was also in flower. One of the finest
Crane's-bills is Geranium armenium, in a mass 3 or
4 feet through, and as much high, crowded with the
large purple-crimson flowers. -Senecio japonicus,
known also under the name of Erythrochxta
palmatifida, was very striking, also the scarlet
racemes of Stachys coccinea ; whilst the dense
plumose panicles of Astilbe japonica variegata were
very pretty. How is it this variety produces much
more dense panicles than the type ? Stobcea pur-
purea, with its pale green prickly leaves and pale
purple capitula, is a desirable Composite ; while
another yellow globular-headed member of the same
family under the name of Craspedia Richardi was
very interesting and showy. Ligularia macrophylla
is a very stately plant, producing large glaucous
foliage and tall corymbs of yellow flowers — a most
eff'ective plant. Grand masses of Rheum nobile and
R. palmatum var. tanghuticum were also effective,
especially the latter. Two of the lions of the place
are TropKolum polyphyllum and T. speciosum ; the
former was especially attractive — indeed I have never
seen it in happier luxuriance ; established in a Rhodo-
dendron bed, it evidently has its own way, producing
long trailing shoots of glaucous foliage and golden
flowers, covering a large portion of the bed, and
scrambling over the branches of the Rhododendrons,
clothing the profound green of the latter with silver
and gold. Its congener, T. speciosum, is thoroughly
established, showing itself at a long distance from the
place where it was first planted ; it did not cease to
grow through the past winter, and ere this it is most
likely like a little fiery cloud amidst the surrounding
greenery.

Thalictrum aquilegifolium, with its sweet Colum-
bine-like foliage and broad heads of white feathery
flowers, was very showy ; while a humbler subject of
blue may be seen in Ajuga Brockbanki, raised at
Didsbury, and Mr. Brockbank may well be proud of
his child. Lupinus arborescens, as here seen, is
charming — a huge mass of light-green foliage and
yellow flowers ; while a b'road spreading group of
Jerusalem Sage (Phlomis fruticosa) was equally showy.
The Siberian Lungwort — Mertensia sibirica — -was also
very handsome in a large clump, with the pale blue,
pendent, tubular flowers ; and when Lithospermum
prostratum may form a blue carpet it will be appre-
ciated. In a dry sunny position a broad spreading
3 ass of this was most effective, and close by one may
see yards of Cytisus triqueter, in full flower, was
not an objectionable associate. One of the best of
the Milk Vetches is Orobus aurantiacus, with de-
cidedly orange flowers — a wide deviation from the
usual colour in these plants.

Among the Alpines in flowers were : Polen-

tilla dubia, one of the brightest of the genus, rich
yellow, very dwarf and free ; the silvery Crane's-bill
(G. argenteum), doing right well ; the Pyrenean
Ramondia, and the muchrarer Phyteuma comosuma,
both nicely in bloom ; while near them were Cypri-
pedium patviflorum, calceolus and spectabile, and
broad masses of Arenaria grandiflora, one of the finest
of those pretty alpines producing a profusion of
comparatively larjje white flowers ; and Delphinium
cashmerianum, Hypericum reptans, Papaver nudicale
album, Mazus Pumilio, the scarce Cedronella cordata.
Primula japonica alba, and the very fine Cortusa
Mathioli grandiflora, producing umbels of flowers on
scapes 2 feet or more high : this was in the well
furnished fernery which the exigencies of space will
not permit one to notice further.

Many bulbous plants were in flower. There is the
Vegetable Fire-cracker of California, ErodiEa coccinea,
growing with B. congesta, both in abundance and
unusually fine. I counted one umbel of the former
carrying not less than twenty-five flowers, of full
size and richly coloured — the deep scarlet tube, with
green limb segments. Several Liliums were in flower,
masses of the old but ever-welcome croceum, with
immense beads of orange-coloured flowers. L. Szovit-
zianum was represented by an unusually strong
specimen, supporting a large head of flowers ; L.
martagon album was very showy, as it always is, and
the true L. pomponium, was coming on. Nothing
could look more promising than the groups of L.
auratum, which have quite established themselves
and have stems like walking-sticks, and when in
flower with their surroundings they will constitute a
very effective feature. Chrysobactron Hookeri, with its
spikes of orange-yellow flowers, is very pretty.

Hardy Shrubs. — These are grown with an
enthusiasm far too seldom seen nowadays, and the
variety is very great. A considerable time may with
advantage be spent at the wall separating the kitchen
from the flower garden ; at the base and on the
mural surface are accommodated a very choice series
of shrubs, and none in my opinion were more showy
than Ribes speciosum, with its Gooseberry-like leaves
on prickly branches, and the scarlet drooping Fuch-
sia-like flowers — which made one fancy a better
name would have been found in fuchsioides : without
doubt it is one of the handsomest wall shrubs possible
to grow. A large specimen of Abelia tri flora,
crowded with the terminal corymbs of pale pinkish
flowers, having behaved in the same fashion for
several years ; Azara microphylla is a very elegant
foliaged shrub, the specimen here being about 6 feet
high. Choisya ternata was represented by a bush 3
feet or more high and as much through, covered with
its white sweetly scented Orange-like blossoms, show-
ing it to be quite at home ; and it has stood here for
years unprotected, proving that it will do at other
places besides the sunny South. Escallonia Philip-
piana from Valdivia, is certainly "one of the finest
of all hardy shrubs," as Dr. Masters described it in
the Gardeners' Chronicle, July 27, 187S ; the branches
are thickly covered with pure white sweet-scented
flowers, which last a good time in beauty. The Green
Rose was also nicely in bloom — a remarkable curiosity,
and to a colour-loving soul not very attractive. Close
by, and far more charming, was the Austrian Brier,
nicely in flower. Other shrubs here noticed were the
scarce Carpenteria californica. Viburnum plicatum, a
Leptospermum lanigerum, Indigofera floribunda,
Spiraea adiantifolia, the beautiful Eurybia Gunnii,
Lonicera tomentosa, Cornus elegantissimus, Olearia
Haastii, and several specimens of Pavia macro-
stachya, one of which was in flower. In
other parts of the ground several beautiful
species were in flower ; conspicuous amongst them
was the Carolina Allspice (Calycanthus floridus), fine
specimens, covered with the richly scented blossoms,
which one could detect some distance from them ;
Jamesia americana was very attractive, with its huge
corymbose heads of pure white, slightly fragrant
flowers, good bushes forming objects of special interest
and beauty. Close by this I may mention a nice
specimen of Buxus balearica, which was first obtained
as a cutting from the home of the Darwins at
Shrewsbury — it lives as a reminder of the noble dead.
Two species of shrubby Veronica are worth recording,
viz., V. pinguifolia and V. Hulkei, the former very
dwarf, with small glaucous foliage and white flowers,
very desirable as a rockery shrub ; the latter with
deep green foliage and lavender coloured flowers in
slender racemes — this most likely requires a sheltered
situation. Escallonia macrantha was a picture of

beauty, crowded with flowers. Rosa rugosa and its
white variety were very attractive ; the type was
covered with flowers, revealing the great value of the
plant for decorative purposes ; R. polyantha was also
in good trim ; Spir:ca aricefolia would soon be most
charmingly etfeclive, being crowded with the drooping
inflorescence ; and while with the Spiraeas I must not
forget to mention a very fine herbaceous species
named Pallasii ; it grows about 3 feet high, and pro-
duces very fine heads of pure white flowers. Zenobia
pulverulenta, with its silvery foliage and white
Arbutus-like flowers, was very showy. Other very
pretty and comparatively rare shrubs noted can only
be mentioned, such as Pyrus arbulifolia, Spir:Ea
Lindleyana, Olearia dentata, Stephenandra flexuosa,
lUicium floridanum, I. religiosum, Genista hispanica,
Comptonia asplenifolia, the curious New Zealand
Bayonet-pKant, Aciphylla squarrosa, Salix regalis,
Lonicera Ledebouriana, Pittosporum undulatum,
Pekoe Tea-plant, Aralia Maximowiczii, "Src. ; the
whole forming a most interesting and instructive
series, enticing one to linger over them for hours,
enthusiasm all the while being kept alive by the kindly
interest and genial hospitality of the owner of Teds-
more. And thus was spent a happy time in one of the
richest private collections in the country, and no one
more than the writer feels how imperfectly this sketch
represents it.

THE LO-FAU-SHAN MOUN-
TAINS.

In the month of August last Mr. Charles Ford,
Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Hong-
Kong, accompanied by the Rev. E. Faber, visited the
Lo-Fau-Shan Mountains, situated 12 miles north of
the East River, and 50 miles distant from Canton,
for the purpose of making an exploration and col-
lection of its rich and interesting botanical treasures ;
and we quote the following remarks by Mr. Ford, from
his last annual report to the Colonial Secretary ; —

Having learnt from past experiences the advantages
which the natives will take of a foreigner's helpless-
ness if assistance is required to transport either him-
self or his baggage, &c., I took the precaution of
having several men from our regular staff with me,
the wisdom of which was proved by subsequent
events. As it transpired, the presence of these men
enabled me to take a very independent position when
additional bearers were required, and their usual
extortionate demands were made. It was possible
eventually to secure carriers at rates which were not
excessively exorbitant. The passage from Canton to
Sheklung was made in an ordinary Chinese passenger
boat ; the accommodation, which would be by no
meanspleasantfor a lengthy journey, can be put up with
for a short distance. From AVhampoa to Sheklung
the country is flat and well cultivated. Near Wham-
poa the crops consist chiefly of Paddy, which, as we
approach Sheklung, is replaced with Sugar-cane
(Sorghum). After disembarking in pouring rain at
the busy town of Sheklung, Mr. Faber and myself
decided to make our way at once for the Lo-fau
Mountains and leave all baggage to be brought on by
the coolies as quickly as they could follow us. The
way — road it could not be called — lay across i^i or 14
miles of flat land, generally Rice fields, over which we
had to travel on intricate paths, as slippery as if they
were greased, often not more than a foot wide and
standing a few inches only above the water with
which the fields were inundated. We arrived at the
foot of the hills in the evening, and there, in a monas-
tery, awaited the arrival of the coolies, who had all
our clothing, provisions, and other necessaries with
them. However, as it turned out, the men did not
arrive until after dark on the following day, the diffi-
culties of the road having been too great for them to
make a quicker journey. I need not describe the
discomfort which Mr. Faber and myself had endured
in the long and anxious waiting for their arrival.
We would have sent a messenger back to ascertain
the cause of the delay, but it was impossible to hire a
man, the excuses made being that the people were all
too busy with their crops.

Having secured the use of a room in the Wong
Lung Kun Monastery, situated at about 600 feet alti-
tude, a commencement was made the following day
of the examination and collection of the mountain
plants. As soon as the locality accessible from this
station was systematically botanised, a move was
made to another centre, and so on successively to the

76

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 18

end of the time. The highest station was 3100 feet
above sea-level ; from this I ascended the loftiest peak,
which was found to be about 3500 feet above sea-
level. The total number of stations stayed at was

six.

On the mountains themselves there is but very little
cultivation, and what there is exists only to a very
small extent close to the monasteries. On account of
the steepness of the hills it could scarcely be otherwise.
However, after ascending to a pass 1200 feet alti-
tude, near the Cha Shan Monastery, the road descended
until it reached Soo feet above sea-level, and on the
side of the road there is a considerable amount of
cultivated land, forming, with the hills rising on all
sides to from 1000 to 3000 feet altitude, a very beau-
tiful and prosperous looking valley, or kind of plateau.
Here, as for 300 miles up the West River, the absence
of forest scenery is painfully impressed on one. When
seen from a distance of several miles the mountains
show a very small area of forest growth on them.
However, in places where trees have been permitted
to remain undisturbed by the reckless woodcutters,
they have assumed in many places noble proportions.
These lovely and interesting exceptions to the bare-
ness of the mountains are invariably surrounding
monasteries secluded in sheltered and rich ravines,
and they owe their preservation to the protection and
fostering care of the priests. Even in spite of the
sacredness of the localities, the priests in some places
complain of the troublesome people, who frequently
make raids on the priests' domains for the purpose of
securing firewood.

The trees of Pinus sinensis adjacent to the Wong
Lung Kun Monastery are very fine indeed, but they
are exceeded in magnificence by those of the So Liu
Kun Monastery, secluded at an altitude of about 800
feet, where six of them, within a radius of about 50
yards, in a dense mixed forest of luxuriant trees, aver-
aged n feet 7 inches in girth at 6 feet from the
ground, and about 150 feet in height. The largest of
them was 15 feet 4 inches in circumference. A Pine
tree which had been blown down and was being cut
up I measured, and found its height to have been 102
feet, circumference at 10 feet from the ground 7 feet
10 inches, and it had seventy-five annual rings.
Rivalling these were splendid trees of Mangifera
indica, the Hog Plum, 11 feet in girth ; Liquidambar
formosana, 6 feet 2 inches; Litscea sp., upwards of
5 feet ; and Paratropia cantonensis, 4 feet 6 inches
— the latter, which we are accustomed to see as a
shrub only, was here, as will be understood from the
girth, a large tree, and on its stem and branches were
innumerable epiphytal Orchids. Amongst the trees
were also exquisite specimens So feet high of Dr.
Hance's new Palm, Caryota ochlandra, the fibre from
the leaf-sheaths of which is used for rope-making, iS:c,
On their stems at a great height from the ground
were plants of the grand Fern Polypodium coronans
encircling the stems, and forming most beautiful
objects. Camphora parthenoxylon was also here in
abundance, with stems nearly 9 feet in girth. The
Camphor trees bore on their stems and branches
abundance of Orchids of two species, which were
probably Dendrobium japonicum and a Phalcenopsis,
living plants of both of which are now flourishing in
our Gardens. A very fine tree of Celtis japonica had
all its larger branches completely covered with the
fine Malay Orchid, Dendrobium aggregatum, and the
Chinese Polypodium Fortunei ; near here, also, were
very fine specimens of the beautiful Tree Fern
Alsophilaspinulosa, which had been first discovered in
China, at this place, by my observant companion the
Rev. Mr. Faber, about three years ago.

In abundance, near the mountain stream, I noticed
Viburnum Fordice, Hance, which I first discovered on
the West River, in 1SS2, looking extremely beautiful
with its branches laden and gracefully drooping over
rocks with the weight of its bright coral-red fruit.
Not far from the So Liu Kun Monastery, close to a
village, a magniBcent specimen of the Longan tree
(Nephelium longan) had all its limbs and trunk
covered and festooned with the epiphytal Asclepiada-
ceous plant, Dischidia chinensis, which hitherto had
not been seen out of Hong Kong. The sight was ex-
ceedingly beautiful, and one not likely to be soon for-
gotten. During the expedition upwards of S50
living plants were collected, and 320 species were
collected and dried for the herbarium, and brought
back to Hong Kong. As the collections were made
the boxes and packages of plants were despatched, a
few at a time, in charge of a member of the staff, to
Hong Kong, to avoid any suspicion or obstruction on

the part of the natives, who, had they seen the whole
collection leaving at one time, might have given some
trouble to us.

Living and dried specimens of all the interesting
plants have been sent to the Royal Gardens, Kew,
from whence I have been favoured by the Assistant
Director, Mr. Thiselton Dyer, with a report on them
by Professor Oliver. Twenty-nine species, of which
fifteen are apparently new to science, have not hitherto
been found out of China. The plants of the following
list, which Bentham in the Flora Hongkongensis states
had been known only from Hong Kong, were seen on
the Lo-fau-shan Mountains : —

Acrostichum decurrens. Hook. Dischidia chinensis, Champ.

Ainslita fraprans, Champ. Ktseocarpus chinensis, Hook.
Ahophila pcdophylla, Hook. fil.

Alyxia sinensis. Champ. Eurya Macartneyi, Champ.

Ardtsia primuisc folia, Card. Ficus chlorocarpa, Benth.
Argyreia Championi, Benth. ,, impressn, Champ.

Atalantia Hindsii, Oliv. Hex viridis, Champ.

Bauhinia Championi, Benth. Indigofeia venulo^a. Champ.

Eolbophyllum radiatum, Ilea chinensis, Hook, and Arn.

Hance. Milleitia Championi, Benth.

Bowringia callicarpa. Champ. Ophiorhiza pumila. Champ.

Camellia reticulata, Lindl. Quercus fissa. Champ.

,, assimihs, Champ. Khus hypoleuca. Champ.

Calophyllum membranaceum, Rubiis ieucanthus, Hance.

Gardn. Samara obovata, Benth.

Capparis pumila, Gardn. Senecio Stauntoni, DC.

Clematis crassifolia, Benth. Stipellaria trewioides, Benth.
Diospyros enantha, Champ.

From the discovery of this large number of species
of plants, which had hitherto been regarded as
endemic in Hong Kong, we may suppose that most
or all of our very rare plants, even Rhodoleia Cham-
pioni, exist, probably in abundance, in some places
on the adjacent continent.

The living plants introduced to cultivation by this
expedition contain many things of very much interest,
which will be valuable acquisitions to gardens. A
very fine Cycas, which is probably new, but which
cannot be positively ascertained until flowers and
fruits can be obtained, is now well established in the
Garden, and is an object of at least as much beauty
as any of the other fine species in the Cycad collec-
tion. Two fine Chiritas are also doing well ; one of
them bears a beautiful white flower with a yellow
throat, and the other a rich dark blue or purple
flower. Begonia sikkimensis is remarkable amongst
Begonias, from its deeply lobed leaves. A very fine
Conifer — Podocarpus argotsenia, Hance — with silver-
white bands on the under-sides of the leaves, was also
secured at the top of the mountains. Two new species
of dwarf Ardisias of the A. primulosfolia type will
also be attractive plants when producing their bright
red berries. An ornamental leaved Zingiberaceous (?)
plant, very much in appearance like a Maranta, will
also be a serviceable addition to horticulture. A con*
siderable stock of another plant of the same order as
the last, and named Phrynium barbatum, was ob-
tained. This should be a most useful plant for cover-
ing the ground under trees where the shade has
become too dense for grass and many other plants to
live. A suitable plant for this purpose has long been
a desideratum.

A dwarf kind of Bamboo is frequent on the moun-
tains, from which the natives make excellent brooms,
which for many purposes are far superior to the split
Bamboo brooms universally used in Hong Kong. I
made arrangements with a priest to deliver a consi-
derable number of plants of this Bamboo, besides
several of other kinds, in Hong Kong during last
February, but, I regret to say, the man has not kept
his promise, although liberal prices were offered for
the plants and his services. Clethra Fabrii, a shrub
of great beauty when in flower, is well worth intro-
ducing, but no sufficiently small plants could be found
to carry away, and the season was unfavourable for
some cuttings which were tried. A most elegant
leaved Pterolobium, bearing large racemes of gorgeous
bright yellow flowers, was scrambling in the wildest
luxuriance over bushes by the walk side. Neither
seeds nor young plants of this could be procured, and,
like Clethra Fabrii, cuttings would have been of no
use. It is to be hoped that an opportunity may be
afforded of introducing the above three plants, by a
journey being made when seeds can be obtained of
the two latter at least. There are many useful and
interesting plants which I observed on the West
River when there in May, 1S82, which well deserve a
second journey being undertaken, so that seeds might
be obtained of them at the proper season. Botanical
expeditions cannot be rendered complete unless the
districts visited can be gone over at least more than
once, so as to obtain plants in different stages of
development in different seasons.

On the higher regions of the mountains a plant of

great interest is found. This is a new species of
Podophyllum, • a plant of the same genus as that from
which podophyllin, the principle of the celebrated
podophyllin pills, is obtained. The natives attach
great medicinal value to the plant, and probably
with more reason than the value which is often
ascribed by them to innumerable plants which
they so freely use for all manner of complaints.
Podophyllum peltalum, the source of podophyllin, is
an American plant, and it appears no speciesf of the
genus had been found in Asia until, a few years ago,
Mr. Watters, H.M. Consul at Tamsui, in Formosa,
discovered one, which Dr. Hance named P. pleian-
thum. The Lo-fau species is the second Asiatic one.
Both of them are in cultivation here now, two plants
of the latter have just flowered for the first time in
our Garden, where they have been growing for about
two years. The larger one of the two has leaves
2 feet in diameter, and it is a striking and ornamental
plant.

I noticed that nearly every garden contained a few
specimens of the Chusan Palm, Chamserops Fortunei,
which the nati/es cultivate for the purpose of supply-
ing themselves with fibre, obtained from the sheaths
of the leaves, to fabricate waterproof capes. Paul-
ownia imperialis, with its very large leaves, was a
conspicuous object in one locality, although it did not
attain to more than about 15 feet in height. With
the exception of some healthy young plantations of
Cunninghamia sinensis, the Conifer which supplies
China Fir for building purposes, I noticed scarcely
any tree planting operations. This is different to the
case in the West River districts, where the people
devote considerable care to the rearing of Pinus
sinensis. The neglect of tree planting in one place,
and the fostering of it in the other, is probably
accounted for by the facilities of getting the wood to
market, which is afforded by the splendid West
River in the latter case, while in the former there is
no river nearer than 8 or 9 miles to the nearest part
of the mountains.

7hE pF^OPAQATOR.

The Propagation and Culture of Clero-
dendrons : dwarf or shrubby varieties. —
The treatment of the dwarf varieties of the Clero-
dendron differs in many respects from that for the
climbing varieties ; but before giving that treatment
in detail a general instruction should be given that
it is of primary importance that the plants should be
allowed plenty of room to grow in. This will greatly
favour their growth into well-formed, bushy, and
handsome plants ; but if they are cramped during the
growing period, ill-shaped and undesirable plants are
likely to result.

I. From Cuttings. — Clerodendron fallax, C. fra-
grans, C. f. flore-pleno, C. infortunatum, C. visco-
sum, C. Kasmpferi, and C. Bethunianum, are good
varieties to select for propagating purposes. The
plants should be cut down to within 3 inches of the
soil ; the top part, with four leaves attached to it,
should be cut for the first cutting, and the remainder
of the plant can be cut up into pieces for cuttings ;
each cutting, however, should be about i^ inch of the
main stem, to which should be appended two leaves.
These cuttings have what is termed double eyes, but
it is usual to make single eye cuttings ; therefore the
former should be split down the centre of the main
stem — thus making two cuttings of one, as it were —
each piece having one leaf attached. The [cuttings
can be potted in " thumbs," but special care must be
taken in potting the single-eye cuttings to see that the
eye be put just below the surface of the soil. They
should be pressed firmly into the pots, and the single-
leaf cuttings should be tied to a stick in as uptight a
position as possible without breaking them. The soil
used is that composed of half peat, quarter loam, and
quarter silver-sand. This should be well mixed
together, and sifted or rubbed through a .{-inch sieve.
Alter watering the cuttings place in the cutting-case
or frame, upon a gentle bottom-heat. As soon as
they have rooted they can be taken from the case and
placed upon an open bottom-heat for a few days pre-
vious to potting them. Having potted them into
large 60-sized pots, replace upon the bottom-heat
until thoroughly rooted through, when the strongest

* Podophyllum versipelle, Hance. yournal of Botany,
p. 362. 1883.
t P. Emodi, Wall, w.is overlooked wlien above was written.

July 19, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

11

plants can be potted into large 32's, and the others
into large 48's. Each plant should be supported by a
stick. After well watering the plants return them to
their place upon the gentle bottom-heat, giving each
plant plenty of room in which to devclope. They
should be well syringed twice a day, and ventilation
should be well attended to. It is also necessary to
turn the plants round occasionally, to make them of
uniform growth and well shaped, and as they grow
the tops must be pinched out about twice previous to
the time of flowering. When flowers begin to appear
the plants should be removed from the bottom-heat to
a cooler part of the house, and they must no longer
be syringed.

2. Front Roots. — A selection of strong plants should
be made which appear likely to produce strong
roots. After shaking out the plants cut the requisite
number of strong roots. The old plant can be potted
up, watered, and after being placed upon a gentle
bottom-heat, and rooted through, can be placed in a
cooler part of the house. The roots can be cut up
into pieces about ij inch long, which should be
dibbled into a cutting-pot ; the tops of the roots to
be level with the surface of the soil, and the holes
made by dibbling filled up with dry sand. Cutting-
pots should be prepared beforehand, and the soil,
which should be the same as used for the cuttings,
should be well watered to make it firm. When the

also be well syringed, but as soon as the flowers
appear this should be discontinued. At this time
they should be removed to a cooler part of the house
till they flower, and then be placed in the conservatory.

r. 0.

|)rrl|irl j|otDS mi mtm\\^%

Cymiudium eburneum.— Discovered by Griflith
in the Khasia Mountains of East Bengal at an eleva-
tion of 5000 — 6000 feet, and described by Dr. Lindley
from Loddiges' plants in 1S47, this beautiful Orchid
was very rare for many years, but of late it has been
discovered in other localities and successfully imported
in suflicient quantity to allow of its being obtained by
all who are desirous of seeing its massive ivory-like
flowers among the other beauties of their Orchid-
houses. It is not all, however, who succeed in grow-
ing C. eburneum to perfection, for although when
properly managed few plants are more easy to culti-
vate, the neglect of any important point in its manage-
ment makes it very stubborn, and prevents all chance
cf its flowering. C. eburneum, coming from a high
altitude, requires to be grown cooler than most Indian

^

ffS^

Fig. 17. — CYMBIDIUM EBURNEUM : FLOWERS IVORY-WHITE.

root-cuttings have grown 2 inches in height, after
having been placed upon bottom-heat, each root-
cutting should be potted into a thumb-pot. For a
few days they must be replaced in the frame, but at
the end of that time they should be removed to the
open bottom-heat to prepare them for potting into
large 6o's. From this stage they can be treated in
the same manner as the leaf-cuttings.

3. From Seeds, — The plants intended for seeding
purposes should be set apart in a convenient part of
the house, and out of the range of the syringe. As
the flowers open they should be fertilised daily until a
sufficient quantity is determined, or at least as many
as the plant will bear. The ripe seed must be
gathered, and cleaned from the husks or pods, and
sown in well drained pans or pots ; the seeds to be
an inch apart, and covered with soil to the depth of
half an inch. The soil used for the cuttings can be
used for the seeds. It is necessary, after having
watered them, to put them in a cutting-case upon a
brisk bottom-heat. When the seedlings are 2 inches
high they can be potted into thumb-pots, watered,
and replaced within the frame for four or five days.
At the end of that time remove them from the case,
and put them upon an open bottom-heat. When they
have well rooted they can be potted into large 6o's.
Put a stick to each plant, but tie them loosely, be-
cause, being rapid growing plants, they are often cut
by the tightness of the matting. The plants potted
in 48's and 32's, as well as those potted into 6o's,
should be again placed upon a gentle heat ; plenty of
room should be given them to grow in. They should

Orchids, particularly in summer, at which season it
is best kept in a cool moist corner of an intermediate-
house, or even in a sheltered part of the Odontoglos-
sum-house, where no cold currents of air can reach it,
provided it be returned to the intermediate-house
before the cold weather sets in. So far as living
through the winter in a cold temperature goes, C,
eburneum will do in the Odontoglossum-house
at a temperature of 50° to 55°, but so wintered
it would not be likely to flower, and hence it
should be removed to one in which the tempera-
ture ranges between 60° and 65° Fahr., in order
to ensure a sturdy growth of good flowering capa-
city. Shade in summer is essential, and a liberal
supply of water at the roots at all seasons necessary.
The best material for potting C. eburneum in is
turfy yellow loam in lumps two parts to one part of
living sphagnum moss. There are several varieties
of C. eburneum, one of them having dark yellow on
the lip, and another having violet spots on it.
Our illustration (fig. 17) gives a flower of a large form
better in substance and in the clearness of the white
of its blooms than in the ordinary type, and which,
together with all the other varieties of the species, are
well grown and bloomed by William Lee, Esq.,
Downside, Leatherhead.

Orchids at Bocking Place, Braintree. —
Having a great love for his plants, and a natural apt-
ness in finding out their peculiarities, Mr. Sydney
Courtauld bids fair to make the Bocking Place col-
lection one of the leading Orchid strongholds. Com-

menced some years ago on a small scale, new plants
were added from time to time, the experience here being
the same as that gained in every new collection — plea-
sant and flattering success with some things, counter-
balanced by signal failure with others. Invariably,
however, with beginners in Orchid culture, the ease
with which success in most cases is attained, and the
beauty ol the whole family endears them to their
owner, and even the failures help to give an addi-
tional stimulus to the pursuit, by reason of the dislike
which every one has to being beaten. So it has been
with Mr. Courtauld ; he has continued treatments
which have brought success ; tried new plans where
failures have before been experienced, and gradually
brought the whole under that systematic management
which alone can give a good result. One of the most
important steps was the building of new houses
designed to keep each section separate, and to that
end a new block has been added annually /or several
years. The new block just completed and filled is
rather a novelty in Orchid-houses. The main pojrlion
is a lean-to facing north-east, and is devoted to cold-
house plants. Its novel feature is that it is constructed
with an extended roof which projects over the brick-
work of the front, the wood and glass part of the front
coming on to the wall, which is usually upright,
coming down inward at a sharp angle to make good
the front of the house between the roof and the brick-
work. Thus the upper part of the house is larger
than the brickwork and the staging, and it conse-
quently allows of bushy-headed plants being placed as
far back as possible on the front stage without their
heads being too near the glass. Another advantage
claimed for houses of this fashion is that they require
no side shading, that coming from the overhanging
roof being sufficient. This seems a real advantage, as
it allows of full light from the front or sides without
fear of sunburn. Inside, the houses are well arranged
in the matters of staging, ventilation, &c. The walks
are fitted with iron gratings, about 3 feet wide, under
which shallow tanks are made the whole way to con-
tain water to ensure the proper atmospheric moisture.
The open ironwork floors are very comfortable to
^valk on, as, notwithstanding the presence of such a
large surface of water below them they are not even
wet. The building was done by Messrs. Wrinch &
Sons, St. Lawrence Works, Ipswich. In this new
house are some fine examples of Odontoglossum
Alexandra and O. Pescatorei in bloom, as also well-
flowered plants of O. hastilabium, O. Uro-Skinneri,
O. Reichenheimii, Oncidium concolor, O. crispum,
O. sarcodes. Prominent among the many plants
well grown under cold treatment here are
Oncidium varicosum, Epidendrum vitellinum, and
Nanodes Medusas. Just now the Epidendrum is
giving its bright orange-scarlet flowers in great pro.
fusion, and one specimen of the Nanodes, having
about two dozen growths, and probably being the
largest plant of it in the country, is well furnished
with its strange fleshy dark crimson flowers. Cool
shade and moisture are necessary to the successful
culture of this plant, and given these it is easy to
grow, but of course it takes time to form such a plant
as that of Mr. Courtauld. Also in the new block,
and leading to the cold house, are the Odontoglossum
vexillarium-house, showy with their large sprays of
large, clean-looking rosy flowers, and the PhaIa;nop-
sis-house, in which some good P. grandiflora are
blooming. The Masdevallia-house is well furnished
with bloom, the many varieties of M. Harryana
giving the chief display of colour. One of the plants
in a 32-size pot has borne ninety-five fine large
blooms, and needs no further excuse for its presence.
M. rosea, too, is a very prolific bloomer, and M.
Chelsoni, a very showy thing when seen in a good
specimen. The Masdevallia collection here embraces
all kinds, large or small flowering, the beauty of
some of the curious kinds being marvellous when
the specimens are large. Even the despised
M. maculata, when well grown and pro-
fusely flowered, as at Bocking Place, is very
attractive, and M. Reichenbachiana, M. peris-
teria, M. amabilis striata, M. gemmata, and
M. tridactylites (the last-named having about thirty
of its beetle-like flowers), things to ponder over.
Well grown and bloomed, too, are some good varie-
ties of M. ignea, M. chimaera (in baskets), M. Harry-
ana sanguinea, M. macrura, &c., and overhead the
twining spikes of Oncidium macranthum bearing
many fine blooms. The Cattleya and Laslia-house
shows, perhaps, a more marked improvement than
any of the others, the attention of Mr. Alfred Wright,

78

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(July 19, 1884.

a young and rising Orchid grower who tends the
Orchids at Becking Place, having made its effect
visible on the plants under his care. The stout,
healthy condition of the growths in all the sections
leaves no doubt of the thriving condition of the
plants and of their good prospect of giving plenty of
bloom each in its season. The C. Mendeli and C.
Mossije are just over, but the C. gigas are well in
bloom, and so are the C. Gaskelliana, which seems
to bloom all the year round. A good form of C.
Gaskelliana, such as one of those now at Booking
Place, is one of the finest, sweetest, and most distinct
Cattleyas grown, and a valuable introduction cer-
tainly. Some fine masses of Lslia purpurata, L.
cinnabarina, L. majalis, Cattleya maxima, C. inter-
media, &c., are also contributing their blooms in this
house. The old cold-house is bright with Epiden-
drum vitellinum majus, Lycaste aromatica, Anguloa
Clowesii, A. uniBora, Epidendrum syringothyrsum,
Palumbina Candida, Oncidiums, S:c., and some fine
pans of Pleiones show plainly by their plump bulbs
that they like their cool moist quarters. In the various
intermediate and hothouses are many interesting plants
in bloom, such as Catasetums, Eulophia scripta, with
ils large-branched spike of flowers like small Oncidium
sarcodes ; some curious Promenajas, Restrepias, &c.;
while among well known favourites are Cypripedium
niveum (one with eighteen blooms), C. Parishii, Bras-
savola lineata, Dendrobium filiforme, Rodriguezia se-
cunda, DendrobiumDearei.Odontoglossumcitrosmum,
Cymbidium eburneum, Aerides crispum, A. virens,
Dayanum, a fine form of Epidendrum nemorale
major, and many other odd plants, all interesting and
beautiful. It is reassuring to find that Mrs. Cour-
tauld, too, is a lover of Orchids, and that the ladies
of the house are forming a very clever collection of
life-size water-colour drawings of each species as it
flowers, the whole of the plant in bloom being faith-
fully given, together with analysis of the flower in some
cases.

The Nepenthes-house is a good companion to the
Orchid-houses, and that at Booking Place is filled
with a rich collection of well-grown plants, all well
furnished with pitchers. The two varieties of that
grandest of all Pitcher-plants, N. Mastersiana, each
bearing many pitchers, some of them 14 inches in
length, are very striking objects ; the lighter-coloured
variety has a brighter red tint, and the darker one is
of a rich purplish-crimson. Near N. Mastersiana are
its parents, N. sanguinea and N. distillatoria, the
latter in flower. Also in flower is N. zeylanica
rubra, a variety with pretty red pitchers, which
is, perhaps, flowering for the first time, and will,
no doubt, be useful in producing a new race, if
others can be got to cross with it. The new N.
Northiana, too, is bearing fine pitchers over 4 inches
in length, and the quaint N. albo-marginata,
both of the old and of the Sarawak, or more
handsomely marked variety, are represented in
good specimens. The favourite old kinds, N.
Rafflesiana, N. Chelsoni, N. Hookerii, are very
heavily pitchered, and the gigantic N. bicalcarala,
the distinct N. madagascariensis, and the hard, spiky-
looking N. Veitchii wonderful objects. Many Orchid
growers take to the Nepenthes, the Nepenthes-house
being very useful to grow a few special plants re-
quiring much moisture in. Mr. Courtauld souses his
Nepthenes-house, and even the vineries and other
plant-houses are made use of whenever a nook can be
found in them likely to suit any of the fiaclious
Orchids. In one of the vineries he is succeeding
well with Vanda teres, V. Hookeriana, and Aciides
cylindtica.

SoBRALIA XANTHOLEUCA. — We have been
favoured by Mr. Geo. Palmer, gardener to T. N.
Powell, Esq., Drinkstone Park, Bury St. Edmunds,
with a couple of flowers of the rare Sobralia xanlho-
leuca, a very distinct yellow-flowered species, which
does not appear to have been described by the Pro-
fessor of Orchidology, though it has been figured in
7/u Garden, in the number for December 9. 1S82,
and is, we suspect, but little known among Orchid
growers. Messrs. \'eitch have it, and received a
First-class Certificate for it from the Floral Committee
on June 2S, 18S1 ; but we had not seen it since,
until Mr. Palmer flowered the plant, which was
bought for S. macrantha.

Vanoa Sanderiana. — The noble plant of Vanda
Sanderiana in the nurseries of James Backhouse .V
Son, ai York, is now showing fourteen flower-spikes !
This unrivalled specimen forms a compact luxuriant
mass about iS inches high, with eight stecns, and
eighty or ninety leaves, and promises shortly to afford
such "a sight" as the "Orchid world" has never
jet seen.

Jlapts' |lotD4ra.

The Auricula. — The seeds are now ripe or ripen-
ing, and it is necessary to watch them daily in case
some of it might drop on the ground and be lost.
Sometimes the pods burst, at other times they ripen
and do not do so. It is time to gather the pods when
the stems turn yellow. I now save the seeds until the
first week in February, when they are sown. Other
good growers sow the seeds as soon as it is gathered.
I have done so and find it answers well, but as the
largest portion of the seeds lie on the ground until the
spring, it is less trouble to sow it then, when the whole
of the seeds will vegetate together. I have tried them
in hotbeds, and also in cold frames, or in the green-
house ; and have found that a shelf near the glass in a
greenhouse is the best place for them. The soil in
the pots containing the seeds should just be kept
moist ; if it should get dusty dry during the process
of vegetation of the seeds many of them would
perish.

The last year's seedlings, or rather the produce of
the seeds sown this year, are being potted on as they
require it. We have now finished repotting the
whole stock of named varieties, they would have
been done earlier but for the pressure of other work.
The alpine section are not yet repotted ; if this is done
before the middle of August it will be time enough.
Greenfly has been more injurious to the plants than
usual ; but with dipping in soapy water, dusting with
tobacco-powder, and sometimes fumigating, we have
them now very clean.

The Carnation and Picotee.— The seedling
plants raised from seeds sown early in April were
pricked out into pans and boxes some time ago ; they
are now ready to be planted out in the open ground.
Good deep moderately clayey soil well enriched with
stable manure is the most suitable for them. Plant
I foot apart in the rows and 18 inches between the
rows. They require no other attention for the rest
of the season but to be kept free from weeds. Those
who grow plants to exhibit cut blooms from would
act wisely to have a number of plants in pots, and
the plants can then be taken into a house if there are
thrips upon them, as this pest cannot be dislodged
more eftectually than by fumigating them with tobacco
smoke. Our plants have been badly attacked this
year both by aphis and thrips. The thrips do no
damage until the flower-buds are large enough for
them to get inside the unopened calyx. They seem
to find their way inside before any trace of colour in
the flower-buds can be seen ; their effect on the
flowers is to take the colour out of them, causing the
rich self coloured varieties to appear blotched and
spotted. Pay attention to the culture of the perpetual
flowering varieties ; they should be grown healthily
and sturdily out-of-doors, and not be allowed to flower
until the autumn and winter, when the Cloves,
Fancies, Bizarres, and Flakes are over.

The Pink. — Whether a flower may be said to be
popular or unpopular, ils beauty is not altered thereby,
its sweet perfume is the same. The Pink is not
grown as an exhibition flower to anything like the
extent it used to be ; but this is no great calamity,
because, as a border flower of the hardiest character
few flowers are superior to it. The laced named
varieties are by far the best, but few people give them
the right treatment to obtain the best results. The
cuttings or " pipings " as they are termed, should be
put in early in July, If they can be taken off in dull
rainy weather, they may be dibbled out-of-doors in a
shady place, where they require no other attention but
to be sprinkled with water when they get dry. Fail-
ing suitable weather they may be propagated in Ijand-
lighls or garden frames, where it is very easy to prevent
their being injured by the sun : the glass can be
covered with a shade during sunshine, and daily sprink-
ling with water will give all the moisture required.
When they are well rooted they should be planted
out in the open ground, as coddling them under glass
attenuates and weakens the plants. They should be
planted out where they are to bloom about the last
week in September or first in October. The plants
will flower in almost any kind of soil, but they do
best when it is deep, rich and open. The plants of
the forcing section are now of large size ; they also
do best planted in the open ground about a foot

apart, from whence they can be lifted and potted
some time in September.

Some of the forcing kinds flower a week or two
later than others, which is an advantage. Lord
Lyons, for instance, is two weeks later than Mrs.
Moore, and I have great faith in the bright rose-
coloured self Pink which is in the hands of Messrs.
A'eitch, of Chelsea, and has been named Rose
Perfection. It is also to be included amongst the
late-flowering kinds. This is a break in the right
direction, as at present there are no selfs in Pinks
except the white ones, yet there is no reason why we
should not have many coloured self forms in Pinks as
well as in Carnation. J. Douglas,

Itoticfs of ^oofis.

Hints on Gardening in India.

We are so frequently asked for a book on Indian
f!;ardening that we gladly direct attention to Mr.
(I. Marshall Woodrow's little treatise under the
above title. It has reached ils third edition, which
is a sufticient proof that it is appreciated. It makes
no pretensions to be a scientific treatise, but gives
just the sort of information on practical matters
that is wanted by amateurs, treating of soil, ma-
nures, watering, propagation, and other garden
operations, with notes on the principal garden
plants in general cultivation, and monthly Calen-
dars of operations suitable for Western India,
Madras, Mysore, and Guzerat. In another edition
similar Calendars might profitably be inserted for other
districts, such as Sikkim, Simla, Assam, Birma, the
Neilgherries, and Southern India. A slight sketch of
the meteorology of India in relation to the cultural
operations based upon it, would also be serviceable.
We notice that Mr. Cameron, in the particular
portion of the Calendar for Mysore, does give the
information required, and we trust that others may in
future follow his example. In any case Mr. Wood-
row's book is well calculated to fulfil the aim he
has in view, and therefore criticism on points of
detail is unimportant.

■ The History of a Lump of Iron. By Alex-
ander Watt. (A. Johnston.) — A brief treatise on
the history, origin, and manufacture of iron and of
substances derived from it. For those who desire to
obtain a great deal of information in a small compass
we may recommend this unpretending little treatise.

"pf^UITg ^\1nDEF^ "C|LAg3-

Melons. — The season so far has been more propi-
tious than several of ils predecessors for the produc-
tion of good Melons, the * ' above average " amount of
sunshine having not only been beneficial to the plants
and fruits in every degree of advancement, but has
also been instrumental in diminishing the liability of
canker — a destructive di-^iease to which plants are very
susceptible during cold sunless seasons, even when
precautionary measures are taken to prevent il.
Plants ripening off their crops should slill have the
treatment essential to insure high liavour, fur although
so much care in attending to every detail of manage-
ment is not absolutely necessary in order to obtain
this desirable quality at this time of the year as it is at
the beginning or end of the season, when the weather
is invariably tickle, yet a haphazard mode of treat-
ment would surely occasion disappointment and per-
plexity. Such plants as are commencing to swell
their fruits should have their ridges of soil replenished
with layers of heavy turfy loam firmly rammed, have
their secondary lateral growths timely removed, and
be supported with tepid liquid in accordance with
their vigour and the weight of their crops. A nighl
temperature of 70 should be preserved il possible by
early closing, but if not sufticient hot water to main-
tain it should be caused to circulate through the
pipes. Later batches should have their main shoots
carefully trained to the trellis as they elongate ; this
is important, for if the shoots arc neglected and
allowed to hang down, their points become curved
and set, and, being brittle, are easily broken
when rectification is attempted. Let the laterals be
likewise tied-in and stopped at one or two joinis
beyond the female blossom-buds, and make fruitful -
ness certain by attending to artificial fertilisation.
Circumstances must regulate the date when the last

JuLy 19, 1S84.I

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

79

sowing should be made ; in light well heated struc-
tures having a southern aspect fruits of good quality
may be matured in November, and they are a valuable
addition to the dessert at that season where variety
is appreciated. Under the most favourable conditions,
when the days are longest, it is a good achieve-
ment to ripen fruits within three months from the
date of sowing the seeds, consequently a consider-
ably longer time must be afforded very late crops.
Although most cultivators have their own favourite
varieties for late use we may mention Read's Scarlet-
flesh and Blenheim Orange as invaluable for that
purpose, but as they are almost identical it is needless
to grow both.

Peaches and Nectarines.— Continue to keep
the early house perfectly cool, and the roots of the
trees properly supplied with moisture. In some
gardens the opinion still prevails that it is right to
withhold water, or at least to use it in a limited way,
whilst the wood is maturing, in order to have it in
perfection ; a greater error could scarcely be com-
mitted at a time when the fruit-buds are forming.
Should any of the trees have become unfruitfuUy
robust from the roots having penetrated deeply into
the border preparations should be made for lift-
ing the same near to the surface by sufficient
sound calcareous loam being placed under cover
in readiness for the operation, which should
be carried out just before the leaves fall, when
the opportunity of renewing the borders en-
tirely, if necessary, as well as rectifying imperfect
drainage, should not be allowed to escape notice.
There need not be the slightest apprehension of losing
a crop from this course of treatment if it is carefully
and expeditiously performed. As individual trees in
successional-houses are cleared of their crops they
should be thoroughly cleared of insects, and otherwise
be treated as previously advised for the first house ;
the importance of removing useless and cumbrous
wood should on no account be lost sight of. The
syringing of trees upon which the fruit is approaching
maturity should be discontinued as the fruits com-
mence to soften, and a drier atmosphere, with a
liberal circulation of air, be maintained to enhance
the flavour. The borders should be kept moderately
moist during the gathering season, for an extreme of
moisture or drought at the roots would deteriorate the
flavour, and the former sometimes cause the stones to
split— an unfortunate occurrence, which detracts mate-
rially from the quality of the fruit. The trees in late
houses should be systematically gone over, have their
young growths tied in regularly, but crowding — an
evil which prevents perfect maturation — should be
studiously avoided, while luxuriant shoots should be
either stopped or entirely removed, as is found
desirable for the good of each individual tree. Where
the object is to have fruits as late as possible in the
season the ventilators should be left wide open
continually ; on the other hand, if they are required
at an early date, the houses should be closed early
with a temperature of about 85°, and fire-heat may be
found necessary in low cold situations to expel
superfluous moisture.

Vines. — The wood of Vines in the early house
should now be getting matured, and be of a bright
brown colour, with prominent buds at the base of the
laterals. In cases where these conditions are unsatis-
factory, additional warmth should be upheld through
the day, with a circulation of air by day and night.
Still guard against the borders becoming dry, as well
as the foliage being impaired by insects. Where
lifting the roots is anticipated the necessary amount
of strong turfy soil, old mortar rubble, and crushed
bones should be got ready to hand. The most
opportune time for doing this is when the foliage
commences to mature and change colour so that the
roots may grasp the fresh soil before the leaves fall,
and be thus in perfect readiness to enact their
functions when the Vines are started into growth. It
would be discreeet in treating Vines having the
run of both inside and outside borders to disturb one
border only in a season. The variable weather we
are experiencing at the present time, which
necessitates unremitted attention in ventilating and
adjusting the valves of the heating apparatus, is
unfavourable to Muscats advancing to ripeness :
what suits them best at this stage is a high day tem-
perature derived from solar heat, combined with a
warm flow of air and moderate atmospheric moisture,
with the ventilation so conducted that this at no
time condenses on the berries, and sufficient fire-heat

made use of to prevent the night temperature falling
below 70". Once the crops in the late houses are
safely through the scalding period, they should be
pushed forward until they commence colouring, by
closing the structures with a temperature of 90° where
it can be derived from the sun's influence, at the
same time use the syringe freely upon all available
surfaces of borders, pathways, and walls, to promote
moisture, which keep charged with ammonia by
replenishing the mulchings with fresh horse-droppings,
or sprinklings of guano, and where the rainfall is
heavy enough to cause artificial waterings of external
borders with liquid-manure to be unnecessary, dress
their surfaces if the Vines need assistance with soot and
Peruvian guano, in quantities sufliciently plentiful to
reach their roots when rain (alls. Thos. Coomher,
TJic Ihndrc Gardens^ Moitmoulh.

Slants and i\\n\ iultuiic.

(iREENHODSE FLOWERING PLANTS. —Many of the
Cape and New Holland section of these will now have
passed their best in respect to their floral beauty for
this season. Even Erica Cavendishiana, E. depressa
and E. affinis will ere this begin to fade, and a portion
at least of their flowers should be removed and the
remaining part in a week or two. All the other
Ericas, too, that are faded should have the same atten-
tention paid to them at once ; it will prevent the pos-
sible chance of any that are disposed to perfect their
seed-pods from thus weakening the plant, which is not
desirableafier the extra strain of bringing the flowers to
perfection. This operation should be performed
with great care, especially in the case of such varieties
as the forms of E. tricolor, E. obbata, and similar-
habiled kinds. If not carefully done the young
growths clustering around the flower truss may be
easily injured or broken out. Each shoot should be
held in one hand whilst with the other the faded
flowers are taken off close home to the growth in
order that the plants may present a clean appearance.
Some Ericas will continue flowering for weeks,
sending up occasional flower-trusses, sufficient
to keep the plant fairly gay with bloom. E. profusa,
E. Fairreana, E. Exquisite, E. Massoni major, and
.lome of the varieties of E. tricolor are much disposed
to do this. These should therefore have their flowers
removed as they fade, but take the precaution of not
allowing any shading to unduly draw up any young
growth that is being made at the same time.

A minimum amount of shading at the most is
quite sufficient for Ericas, and that even is not recom-
mended except during the height of an abundant
flowering period. The more compact and sturdy the
young growths are kept, the better for another sea-
son's flowering. We have noticed, in the case of E.
Cavendishiana in particular, that young growths made
when the plant is shaded are liable at this season of
the year to be attacked with mildew. If not soon
stopped by an application of sulphur this pest to plant
life will seriously injure the tender shoots, thus pre-
venting the possible chance of a fair crop of flowers
another season. It is possible to flower this and
similar kinds fairly well every season, not perhaps up
to the standard seen at flower shows ; these latter
are generally accorded a season's rest alternately with
one of extra floriferousness. But if no time is lost in
removing the faded flowers, and then securing a good
growth, to be followed by full exposure to the sun in
one of the warmest quarters of the garden, there is no
reason why a fairly good set should not be obtained.
Such kinds as E. ventricosa and its varieties, E.
Cavendishiana and other free growing sorts, may be
moderately pruned when there are symptoms of too
much sap being concentrated in the strongest shoots.
E. cerinthoides coronata requires very careful train-
ing, and room should be allowed in the centre of the
planl for the young growths to come away without
any check. The future of the plant will be strength-
ened by the addition of these shoots, which this kind
in particular is disposed to throw up. This Erica is
well worth more extended cultivation than it now
receives, its splendid trusses of deep red flowers render
it a conspicuous object when in bloom, and this period
is greatly lengthened in the case of a vigorous speci-
men by the numbers of trusses that are produced, and
these, too, oftentimes in succession for two or three
months.

All of the autumnal-flowering varieties will now be
pushing up their flower trusses, such, for instance, as
E. Austiniana, E. Marnockiana, E. Jacksoni, and
other kinds ; these should all receive full exposure to
sun and air till they are well developed, thus to
intensify the rich colours of each variety as much as
possible. It will then be a safe plan either to housr^
them or at least to have them within easy means of
protection should the weather be rough and stormy ;
the former is, however, the better plan. The soft-
wooded varieties of winter-flowering Ericas will need
close attention for water if they are in good health
and their pots full of roots. The proper treatment
of these useful subjects will be amply repaid in the
display produced during the dull season of the year.
Keep them well exposed to light and air if possible,
but above all guard against standing them in a moist
damp spot that would be inducive to a second growth
rather than to a development of flower-buds, besides
running the risk of an attack of mildew.

Among the many Cape and New Holland plants
some few kinds that have of late been gay with flower
will now be faded. These should have their blooms
and trusses (as the case may be) removed, and fresh
growth encouraged as speedily as possible. In the
case of Dracophyllums a pair of Vine scissors would
be a good thing to use to sever the elongated stem of
each flower-truss from the shoot near to where the
young growths are being pushed forth. With the
Aphelexis the best plan is to break out the flower-
stem close home to where the first growth is being
made. Some growers make it a practice to cut them
out just below the stem of the flower, leaving a piece
of wood in numbers of instances that will eventually
die, as no young shoot that has not yet made its
appearance will now do so. Pimeleas should also be
picked over if not already done, and a moderate use
of the pruning-knife may be made in cases where the
plant is not so shapely as may be desired. Look out
for red-spider, to which this genus is subject, espe-
cially P. spectabilis and P. Hendersoni. A syringing
with a weak solution of soot-water will soon drive
away this insect, and also add vigour to the plant
itself. Darwinias (Hedaromas) generally retain their
flowers for a lengthened period, but it is not advisable
to allow them to remain any longer. The spikes of
the Acrophyllum venosum should also be carefully
removed, and the production of a young growth
encouraged. During hot weather the three lasl-
named subjects and any other closely resembling genus
may be aided in this direction by gentle bedewings
with the syringe, performing this operation in the
latter part of the afternoon. The beautiful blue Me-
lastomaceous plant, Pleroma elegans, will now, or
within a few weeks, be showing for flower. If a
good crop of bloom is the result, more water than
usual will be beneficial during that period, slill not
applied with indiscretion. Any young stock of this
plant that does not soon show their bloom-buds may
not be expected in the usual way to do so ; these
should be kept pinched in order to keep the plant
dwarf and stocky for another season. The green-
house species of Statice will continue to do good
service yet ; the older spikes, however, ought to be cut
out to give room for those not yet opened.

Any potting operations that need looking into
should not be delayed. The sooner the delicate
rooting subjects among all of these plants are lay-
ing hold of the new soil the better will each of
them get through the coming winter. Alter re-
potting be careful to guard against excessive moisture
at the root more than ever for a lew weeks. In pot-
ting use the best peat only ; that which is full of
fibre and handles haish and rough is far preferable to
that which is soft and spongy. For these plants
silver-sand of the best quality and some charcoal
should be added, the latter, more particularly in
the case of large specimens, or when the peat is of
doubtful quality. An inch all round the old ball may
be taken as a good addition of fresh soil to specimen
plants ; this must be thoroughly well rammed down
into a compact solid mass, keeping the collar of the
plant slightly elevated so that no water will con-
gregate around it. Before being placed into the new
pot see that the ball of the plant is well moistened
throughout ; no water will then be needed for a few
days. If the pots of any specimen plants, whether
fresh potted or not, are exposed too much to the sun's
rays it will be better to hang an old piece of sacking
against the pot on that side to prevent undue evapor-
ation taking place. 'Jaiiics Hiii/sott, Guttnershtry
House Gardens, Ailoii, IF., July 15.

8o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(July 19, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

[Royal Horticultural Society: Meeting |of
_ I Fruit and Floral Committees, at ham.;

lUESDAV, July22^ Scientific Committee, at i p m. ; Fruit

1 and Vef^etable Show ; National Carnation

(. and Picolec Society's Show.
,,, { Newcastle-upun-Tyne Horticultural So-

Wednesday, July 33 J ciety's show (three days).

I Feltham Horticultural Society's Show.
Thursday TuIv 2a f National Rose Society's Show, at Shef-

' J J 4 ■^ field
Friday, TuIv2'; i ^^''^ °^ Imported Orchids, at Prothcroe &

■^ ' ^ J. Morris" Rooms.

A SUGGESTION thrown out in these
■'I- columns in our last issue as to the desira-
bility of holding a gardeners' Conference at
Chiswick during the coming autumn has
elicited expressions of opinion from various
quarters favourable and otherwise, which leads
us to mention the subject again for the sake of
obtaining further opinions. So far as we are
concerned, we are not at all committed to any
particular scheme. We suggested Grapes,
because there is no subject which has greater
interest for practical gardeners than this ; but
we would prefer at present, if the principle be
accepted, to leave the actual subject to be
determined upon hereafter by a committee
appointed for the purpose. The matter sug-
gested itself to us from the circumstance that
little or nothing has been done for practical
horticulture this season by the Royal Horticul-
tural Society. We do not attach any blame to
the Council for this, for under present
circumstances the Society seems, so far as
Kensington is concerned, to be tied hand
and foot. If, as we hope may be the case,
the constriction in some departments is com-
pensated for by diminished expenditure and
increased receipts, we may as well make the
best of it, and look forward to that time, which
surely cannot be far distant, when another turn
of the wheel shall put the Society in the posses-
sion of proper offices, proper meeting rooms,
a proper place for the Lindley Library (which
has never been so housed as to be readily
accessible), and a proper place for the display
of those portraits of deceased worthies, pur-
chased for the most part by the contributions
of their fellows and admirers, and now the pro-
perty of the Society or of the Trustees of the
Library, but hidden away in some inaccessible
corner.

The Council cf the Society, we are sure, feel
the anomaly of their present position, the cruel
injustice done to the memory of those who have
gone before, and the still greater hardship
inflicted on their horticultural supporters. Con-
versant as they are with the circumstances of
the case, the horticulturists will be slow to
impute any blame to the Council for a state of
things beyond their control, and for one which
possibly, we hope probably, will have compen-
satory advantages.

As regards Chiswick, however, things are
entirely different ; the Society is still master
there, and the interest and attachment felt for
the old quarters, no less than the satisfaction
felt with the manner in which, under adverse
circumstances, that establishment is conducted,
led us to make the suggestion to which allusion
has been made. We all remember the extra-
ordinary success of the Apple Congress last
year, and the recollection of that success leads
us to hope that a second effort in the same
direction might be advantageous. To make it
so, however, some different policy must be
adopted than that which, so far, has prevented
the publication of any official report of the results
of that unprecedented meeting. The Society had,
still has, an unrivalled opportunity, not only of
doing good, but of asserting its position as the
leading horticultural society, quite apart from
its entanglements at Kensington. So far, it has
failed to rise to the level of its opportunities.
The same may be said of the report on the re-
sults of the phenomenal winters we lately passed
through : the materials are to hand, but there is

no encouragement to proceed with their revi-
sion, useful as the results would be. The Society,
unfortunately, in these matters, plays the part
of wet blanket only too well, and discourages
those who long to see it take the position it
ought to have among the leading societies of the
world. Before us lie a series of questions on
the effects of spring frost, the varieties of fruit
and other trees most affected by it, and so
forth, sent us by a leading German patholo-
gist ; but in the present state of the Society
it is useless to look for help from it, albeit the
German Government, and the German societies,
warmly interest themselves in the matter.

It may be said that these antecedents give
little hope for the success of a gardeners' con-
ference this autumn, such as we advocate, and
that we are showing reasons why such a gather-
ing should not be attempted. But this ob-
jection has but little weight, when we re-
member the great success of the Apple Con-
gress, and of the Daffodil Congress. The
Society, as such, did little for either beyond
lending its garden and its conservatory. Let it
do as much for an autumn conference of
gardeners, and let a committee of practical men
manage the details, and the results would, we
venture to think, not be doubtful. We append
two letters which we have received — one con-
cerning the suggestion we threw out, the other
relating to the proposal to continue the com-
mittee meeting fortnightly throughout the year,
instead of at monthly intervals during the
winter, as at present : —

"This is an excellent suggestion, and should be taken
up heartily by every one interested in the culture of
Grapes. Why confine it to 'practical horticulturists.'
A conference on this subject requires that practice and
science should go hand-in-hand. The whole of the
details of the exhibition and conference, in order to be
successful, should be brought out some time previously ;
indeed, if it is to be held, as it ought to be, about the
end of September, there is no time to lose. During
the last fifteen or twenty years our knowledge of
Grape culture has been greatly extended, and the
quality of Grapes consequent on that knowledge has
been greatly improved, and this has been brought
about by exhibitions and conferences. For be it
known that at every large exhibition there are con-
ferences— informal doubtless, but the discussions are
sometimes conducted with considerable warmth, espe-
cially when the judging of the fruit is taken up. It is a
fact that all good gardeners seize hold of the golden
opportunity which presents itself at all the large fruit
exhibiuons to learn from each other, and it would be
difficult to find a body of men more willing to impart in-
formation to others than those educated gardeners who
have grown grey in the service, and who have by in-
domitable perseverance risen to the highest position in
their profession. If the conference is once determined
upon the details can soon be elaborated. It would have
to be left in the hands of a committee selected from
gardeners near London, unless those at a considerable
distance would be wiUing to attend. I for one (the
Editor has my name) would be glad to do all in my
power to help in the work, and hope that the suggestion
thrown out may be speedily acted upon. "

The second letter refers to a wider subject,
and foreshadows a time when all the Horti-
cultural Societies of Great Britain shall have
a common meeting-place — a Horticultural Club
— and an adequate library. The nucleus for
all these, it may be added, already exists.

" Your editorial comment on Mr. Crawshay's note
is a very reasonable one, but the question raised is a very
important one, and the fact of its having been raised
induces me to put a more general inquiry to your readers.
'J he giving a certificate is an important matter, and entails,
as youjustly observe, agreat deal of trouble and expense ;
but there are many, however, who like to show flowers
without any ambition to gain certificates, but simply
because they think the sight of the flowers will
interest their brother gardeners, and they at the same
time may gain perhaps some valu.able information.
These are frequently, especially in the winter months, in
the same predicament as that brought forward by Mr.
Crawshav : the bloom they wish to show is over before
the time of the next meeting of the Society. Now the
question I wish to put to your readers in this. Supposing
at some future happy time the Royal Horticultural
Society were so housed that the Fellows might meet
together whenever they pleased without difficulty, and

the Lindley Library were adequately available for
reference and consultation— supposing this, would it be
worth while to make arrangements so that on some day
of the weeks in which there were no committee meetings
(say on the Tuesdays) a sort of informal gathering might
be held? If it were understood that any one
bringing or sending up a flower, on Tuesday, for
example, to the Society's rooms, might depend on its
meeting with some sympathetic eye, and that any one
dropping in on that day (between certain hours, for
instance) would probably find something to see, and
probably also some congenial soul to talk to, would such
a plan of a sort of weekly ' house of call ' for those who
love gardening and flowers be, in the opinion of your
readers, likely to bring benefits commensurable with the
relatively small amount of trouble which the necessary
arrangements would entail? Such informal gatherings
would, of course, be useless for certificates, but, on the
other hand, they would not interfere with the formal
committee meetings."

A Lily Bed. — We must at once tell the reader

that this is an ideal bed, planted, tilled, and dressed
in the imagination of the artist. The illustration (fig.
iS), as any Lily grower will at once see, is intended,
not for an actual picture of any particular bed, but as
an illustration of the kind of effect that may be pro-
duced by the grouping together of various forms.
From an artist's point of view, if there should be any
anachronism in the matter, why so much the worse
for the Lilies ; if the gardener cannot ensure that all
the species shall be flowering at the same time in the
open air, so much the worse for the gardener. At any
rate, the artist has here given us representations of the
stately Lilium giganteum in the background, with the
scarcely less imposing cordifolium. Then come
Washingtonianum, to the left, japonicum, auratum,
testaceum, philippinense, Wallichianum, polyphyllum,
nilgerrense, Catesbcei, parvum, album, longiflorum,
Humboldti, Parkmanni, dalmaticum, chalcedonicum,
oxypetalum, elegans, davuricum, nepalense, Davidii,
and pomponium. We do not think even the Wisley
Woods could produce such a show. Happy artist !

EucALYPTOGRAPHiA. — The ninth decade of

Baron Von Mueller's valuable treatise is before us,
devoted to the illustration and description of some
ten additional species, together with a series of
illustrations of the seedling plants. Of the im-
portance of this publication we have already spoken.
Under the head of Eucalyptus salubris, a West Aus-
tralian species, occasion is taken to mention the medi-
cinal properties of the oil derived from E. globulus,
and especially from E. amygdalina. Eucalyptus oil
is antiseptic, preventing putrid decomposition of albu-
men in the same way as quinine. One-half per cent,
of oil in water is asserted to preserve raw meat from
decay, and ij part of oil in looo of fluid are stated
to prevent the development of bacteria.

Hybrid Hibiscus.— In the last report of

the Jamaica Botanic Garden it is stated that a cross
has been obtained between Hibiscus rosa sinensis, as
the seed parent, and the curious East African H. schi-
zopetalus, the petals of which, as the name implies,
are deeply laciniated. The leaves and flowers are
described as intermediate between those of the
parents,

Colour-Blindness.— Mr. Chas. Roberts

has published a second edition of his useful treatise,
showing the method adopted of detecting various
imperfections of vision, with indications of the best
methods of remedying them. The test sheet of
coloured wools is designed of course for the detection
of the so-called colour-blindness, but may be applied
also in the discrimination of the colours of flowers.
It often happens that an observer can discriminate
colours with much accuracy, but applies the wrong
names to them, whence arises endless confusion and
dilference of opinion. The small treatise above
referrred to is published by Messrs. Churchill
&Co.

— — Carnations and Picoteks. — Mr. Turner's
collection, numbering some 8000 plants, is, we hear,
in fine form this season, and will be well worth seeing
up to the end of the month.

Begonia Beddomei. — A dwarf species from

Assam, with a thick rootstock, from which the leaves
proceed ; these latter have long stalks, obliquely
cordate, ovate acute, green above, with paler spots,
and vinous-red on the under-surface. Flowers about
I inch across, pale rose-coloured. Described and
figured by Sir Joseph Hooker in the July number
of the Botanical Magazine, t. 6767.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— }m.\ 19. 1S84.

Fig. 18,— "lilies of all kinds," (see p. 80.)

82

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 1884.

Pines at Fourpenck Each. — Gardeners

may well hesitate to grow this fruit any longer when
Pines can be sold by the barrow-load at the above
price ! It is a fact that large numbers were being
sold in the streets, a few days since, at that price.
True, the specimens were not first-class, and they
were more or less bruised, but for a shilling really
handsome well-flavoured fruit might be bought.

The Bacillus of Phthisis. — Following

the lines of Dr. Koch, Dr. C. T. Williams has
been experimenting with these minute organisms by
cultivating them under various conditions. It appears
I hat strong acids have little effect upon them, that
I hey multiply in such nitrogenous media as beef-tea,
but not in distilled water, while iodine, and espe-
cially quinine, appears to entirely arrest its growth,
and destroy its powers of multiplication.

Flowers and the Post-Office. — A cor-
respondent complains of the way in which his pack-
ages are maltreated by the Post-office oflicials. Of
course we do not question the validity of our cor-
respondent's complaint, but, in justice to the Post-
office, we may say that we receive every week a large
— sometimes a very large — number of parcels through
the post. Of these a considerable proportion is
undoubtedly smashed, but that result is to be attri-
buted chiefly to the carelessness or haste of the
senders. When damp Sowers are sent in thin
cardboard boxes, with the address and the stamps
placed on the box itself, instead of on a separate
label (and this is the most common case), it is no
wonder that disaster occurs. Another practice, against
which we have protested many a time and oft, but
without much avail, is the packing of flowers in
cotton-wool. This causes as much loss of time and
general inconvenience as that other imfsdimentum,
the practice of confounding the functions of Editor
and Publisher by addressing communications intended
for the one official to the other. The editorial and
the commercial departments of this journal, as of most
others, are perfectly distinct.

Hardy Herbaceous Plants. — Those who

have even a limited acquaintance with hardy herba-
ceous plants do not require to be told of the beauty of
individual kinds, or about their collective decorative
value in a garden. But those who need any reminder
in the matter would scarcely fail in getting it by a
sight of the display of hardy flowers by Mr. Ware,
of Tottenham, that has now for some time been going
on in the Conservatory of the Royal Horticultural
Society at South Kensington. If a silent, they are a
crushing comment on the poverty in the garden
which the bedding fashion, where it alone exists, has
brought about.

Victoria regia.— That the annual flower-
ing of this handsome queen of all Water Lilies creates
an unusual amount of interest there is no want of
evidence on the part of the public, judging from the
number of visitors that make a point of seeing it.
When it flowered at Chatsworth for the first time in
this country it is stated that the Duke of Devon-
shire chartered a special train to convey the flower
to the Queen at Windsor. The plant at Kew has
just opened its first flower this season, which is earlier
than usual, and it will continue to produce flowers till
late in the autumn. Unlike the closely allied Nym-
phseas, the flowers of the Victoria open in the after-
noon, giving off at the same time a powerful but
delicious odour that pervades the house. About
5 o'clock they are fully expanded, so that the public
has ample opportunity of seeing them. The present
plant, both flower and foliage, is the largest that has
been grown at Kew for many years. There is abso-
lutely no room for young leaves to expand without
cutcing away some of the older ones, several of them
being over 2 yards in diameter.

Butterflies as Botanists.— Fritz MOl-

LER, writing in Nature, alludes to certain genera, in
some respects intermediate between Solanacese and
Scrophulariacece, and which have been placed now in
the one, now in the other group, by different botanists.
In the Genera Planlariim of Bentham and Hooker
one of these genera, Brunlelsia, has finally been
located among Solanacese, having previously generally
been considered a member of the order Scrophularia-
cece, It appears that the caterpillars of some Lepid-
optera had previously come to the same conclusion,
as Brunfelsia is preyed upon only by Solanum-feeding
insects. Fritz Muller mentions a still more

singular case, in which two particular genera of
Lepidoptera were at one time placed wide apart in
the systematic arrangement of butterflies. It has,
however, been ascertained that the caterpillars of
these two genera are so nearly alike that the groups in
question are now considered to be near instead of
remote allies. The larva of the one group feed on
species of Dalechampia, those of the other on Tragia.
These two Euphorbiaceous genera were widely sepa-
rated by Endlicher, and placed in different tribes,
but Bentham places them both together in the same
subtribe, and thus their close affinity, which had been
duly appreciated by butterflies, has finally been
recognised by botanists also,

Droseras and Dragon Flies. — Accord-
ing to a writer in Nature, the innocent-looking Sun-
dews are more than a match for the ferocious dragon-
flies. On one spot, about a foot square, six plants
were found which had captured dragon-flies, Pyrrho-
soma minium. The Drosera plants, being young,
were less in expanse than the dragon-flies caught
upon them, which measure about 2 inches across the
wings, with a body about \\ inch long.

International Exhibition of Horti-
culture AT New Orleans. — The Board of
Management of the World's Industrial and Cotton
Centennial Exposition, to be held in New Orleans
during the winter and spring of 1884—85, announce
that they have organised a department of horticulture
for the purpose of making the most comprehensive
possible exhibition of the valuable fruits and plants
of all nations. The management expect to secure an
International Exhibition of Fruits and Plants, which
will be of the greatest value to all of the vast interests
connected with horticulture. To provide proper
facilities for so important an exhibition they are now
erecting a large and beautiful horticultural building,
or conservatory, the walls and a large portion of the
roof of which will be covered with glass and specially
adapted to the exhibition of both fruits and plants.
This building will be 600 feet in length, and with an
average width of 114 feet. It will furnish table room
for 25,000 plates of fruit, and 40,000 feet of space for
the exhibition of plants. Apartments with suitable
heating arrangements for the care of greenhouse and
stove plants will be provided. Extensive space has
also been assigned to this department in the beautiful
grounds adjacent to the horticultural building for the
planting of large exhibits of trees and plants. The
Government of Mexico will fill 5 acres or more of
this space, the States of Central America, the Slate
of Florida, and it is to be hoped many other States
and nations, will here occupy liberal grounds in the
exhibition of their sylvan and floral wealth. Hon.
P. J. Berckmans, of Augusta, Georgia, has lately
paid a flying visit to Europe to induce European
horticulturists to take part in what no doubt will be
a most important exhibition. Handsome prizes for
Apples, &c., are offered to foreign exhibitors.

Caterpillars on the Oak.— One of our

correspondents, travelling in the Ardennes lately,
called attention in our columns to the leafless condi-
tion of the Oaks. This communication has elicited
from a correspondent at Namur an interesting account
of the ravages of the insect, and a copy of a recent
number of VAgronome, a journal published in that
town, containing further details. The Oaks in cer-
tain districts are so despoiled of leaves that an appear-
ance is produced as if a great fire had occurred. Last
May those who had occasion to traverse the woods
were attracted by a noise as of falling rain ; on look-
ing up caterpillars were observed feeding on the
leaves, and the excrement of these creatures produced
the sound in question. So numerous were the insects
that the leaves were cleared off in a few days. Some
of the caterpillars were suspended by a long thread of
silk. The caterpillar is green, with small black hairy
warts, which is hatched in April, rolls itself up in a
leaf, and becomes a chrysalis at the end of May, when
it has fed its fill, and (inally about the middle of June
it issues forth as a pretty green night-flying moth,
called by entomologists Tortrix viridana, the females
of which deposit their eggs on the buds of the Oak,
to repeat the cycle in the succeeding year. The mere
removal of the leaves is in the long run not of much
importance in the case of the Oak, in which fresh
leaves are developed, but if the buds and young shoots
get injured the case is different, and if the female
flowers are destroyed the crop of acorns is, of course,
ruined. Various birds prey on the caterpillars, and

should therefore be encouraged, for if they do not
entirely avert the mischief they very greatly attenu-
ate it.

SpiR/F.A palmata.— At Gunnersbury Park

Mr. Roberts has hit upon a very successful expedient
for growing and flowering this handsome Spirsa to
perfection. At the head of the piece of water in
front of and near the mansion there is a slight water-
fall, with shrubs on either side, and at the margins,
close to the water, can be seen tufts of S. palmata,
blooming freely, and which are very attractive. This
points to the fact that moisture at the roots— more mois-
ture than is generally given to it — is needed to cause
the plant to flower freely. It might be objected that
the position in which the plant is placed at Gunners-
bury Park is one calculated to expose it to the dangers
of spring frosts, but the spot is sheltered by trees at
the back, while the background of shrubs supplies
some friendly protection also. It is a charming sight
to look along the length of the water at the lower
end, across a large surface of white Water Lilies in
one part, and catch the rich rosy hue of the plumes
of the Spiraea beyond. Close by, forming a part of
the foreground, is a bed of varieties of Irish Heath,
the charming evergreen plants when in full bloom
being covered with copious bell-shaped flowers. And
they Sourish in the moist soil immediately contiguous
to the water.

Gladiolus Colvillei albus. — Scarcely

any other white early spring flowering plant is grown
so largely for cutting from in early spring ; the spikes
of waxy white flowers are not only valuable for de-
corative purposes, but they can be used in various
ways. Thousands of bulbs of this Gladiolus are im-
ported annually, and as there appears to be an impres-
sion that they are useless after flowering, pro-
bably a great number are thrown away. It may be
assumed that freshly imported bulbs are best for suc-
cessful forcing, but if the pots of bulbs, as soon as they
have done flowering, be planted out in the open
ground in a prepared bed, it will be found that the
majority of them will flower in the open ground the
following season. But they should not be placed on
one side and neglected even to the point of starvation
before they are planted out. An experiment was made
by planting a number of pots of bulbs out in this way ;
plenty of refuse soil from the potting-bench was dug
into the ground, the plants were turned out of
their pots, and only the crocks removed, then care-
fully planted, and the soil pressed firmly about them.
For two or three days, the weather being warm and
drying, they were watered overhead once a day.
and then a mulching of cocoa fibre and spent Hops
was applied to the depth of 2 inches. The foliage
ripened off gradually, and this season a large quantity
of fine flowers was taken from the bed. It is a plant
that Sowers early naturally, and those in the open air
will nicely succeed those that are forced into bloom,

The Prospects of the Foreign Seed

Crops. — While home-growers of seeds, owing to the
drought, have been looking with a little apprehension
as to its probable effects, in Holland, where garden
seeds of many kinds are largely grown, the prospects
are on the whole quite favourable. The crops of
Cauliflowers look well, and a good yield is expected.
Cabbages, Savoys, Kales, and Brussels Sprouts have
passed through the winter in good condition, and as
they have bloomed well good crops may be looked
for. For some reason a much smaller area of Turnips
than usual has been planted, and a less than average
yield will result. Carrots look very well, so do all
the varieties of Spinach. Peas, excepting some of the
early varieties, are looking well ; so are Radishes,
excepting that vermin have settled upon some of
the fields. Onions are by no means promising,
the wet weather of last autumn, followed by a mild
winter time, were greatly against the Onions that
were kept over for planting keeping well ; and after
they were planted many rotted in the ground, and
small crops of seed must result. On the other hand
Leeks are full of promise ; Celery and Parsnips are
both good ; Kidney and Runner Beans are likely to
produce a good yield if favoured with warm and bene-
ficial weather. A good crop of Broad and Long-pod
Beans is anticipated ; ridge and other Cucumbers
look well, but require warm sunny weather. The
recent rains have no doubt done much to improve
the prospects of the seed crops in this country. For
a time the effect of the drought— especially on dry
early soils — was of a nature to cause alarm to pro-

July 19, 18S4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

83

ducers, but a change for the better is improving the
character of the crops. Present indications appear
calculated to lead to the inference that less than
average crops will be secured. The Onion crop
appears likely to be the greatest failure, many of the
roots having rotted from causes similar to those
which have operated to produce this result in
Holland.

Strawberries. — It is a suggestive fact that

even in a season when the Strawberry crop has been
but a poor one, and by no means heavy, that good
fruit should have obtained in the London market the
most unremunerative prices. No wonder if, after all
the cost incidental to culture, gathering, marketing,
and punnets has been borne, only is. per dozen
should be obtainable, that growers should, as is the
case just now in the celebrated Botley Strawberry
growing district, be turning their attention to jam
making. On the other hand it remains to be seen
how far preserves can ot^er even better prices than the
open market now affords, and yet make the business of
jam making profitable. It is true that the demand for
fruit preserves has grown of late enormously, but still
our present manufacturers seem to be equal to all
emergencies, and are selling at what can hardly be
other than barely remunerative prices, assuming of
course, as we do, that the material of the preserves is
boiui fide what it is represented to be. Perhaps it
is desirable to be initiated into the mysteries of jam
making to be fully able to comprehend the present
range of prices. It will be really no gain to the
public that competition in this directiun should be-
come so excessive that prices should fall ruinously
low, for some businesses must in that 'case speedily
come to grief. We are sometimes tempted to believe
that the very low prices paid in the wholesale market
to the grower by no means represent the price
eventually paid by the consumer, but taking it as
evidence of the abundance and cheapness of Straw-
berries prevalent all over the metropolis, we think
when really superb fruit were being retailed in shops at
jf/. per pound and on costermongers' barrows at z\d.y
it cannot be denied but that the public has every
incentive to purchase. Our fear is rather that the
urban populations do not consume anything like the
quantity of good fruit they might with benefit do,

Plants of the Pacific Coast. — We learn

from the Botanical Gazette that Mr. Meehan has
published a catalogue, with notes, of the plants he
collected in July, 1SS3, during an excursion along the
Pacific coast in South-east Alaska. lie enumerates
about 260 species and the local notes with regard
to occurrence, native names and uses, are very
interesting.

Wild Flowers. — One of the most remark-
able exhibits of wild fiowers we have seen at any
exhibition of a suburban kind was at the Ealing show
the other day, when for some very acceptable money
prizes, supplemented by a local confectioner of a large
number of nice cakes, children attending the public
elementary schools in the parish staged, in marvellous
variety of utensil, over 300 bunches. It need hardly
be said that the judging of this collection, kindly
undertaken by some amateur and professional ladies,
was a somewhat onerous task — perhaps the more so
that in such a truly non-rural district wild flowers are
not abundant, and special effects are hardly obtainable.
Seeing the enormous competition, the ladies most
kindly added a large number of sixpenny prizes, so
that some eighty or more bunches received awards.
A similar class for garden flowers brought over eighty
bunches of varying degrees of merit. After duly
admiring the industry displayed by these 300 children
in seeking for and collecting their exhibits of wild
flowers, and not less wondering where in such a
house-ridden locality the flowers could be found, the
question naturally arose, what good to the children
will result beyond to them the securing of the various
prizes? Unhappily the judging taught them nothing
in matters of taste or arrangement, because bulk and
variety of flowers governed the awards rather than
did evidence of taste in putting the bunches together.
Again, nothing beneficial of an educational kind
resulted, because not one child, perchance, was
botanically made one whit the wiser ; nor can we say
that the gathering from the hedgerows of such quan-
tities of wild flowers indicates any special love for
them. If children will not seek and gather them for
the decoration of their own homes, their love for
flowers is exceedingly questionable. Could not the

prizes another year be given to the best botanically
and commonly named and arranged of any twelve
kinds, of which three might be grasses ? Such con-
ditions would check rampant hedgerow robbing, and
help to promote technical knowledge.

■ Peach Borders.— Surface sprinklings with

the watering pot are admittedly deceptive, and to
many things injurious in their effects. With most
plants, the roots of which are at all in a position to
help themselves to moisture, partial waterings are
worse than none at all, and where of some use to the
plants to which they are given are misleading as to
the condition of the soil below the surface. This may
be said of passing summer rains when not more than
enough to moisten a few inches of the surface, and to
few things in a garden is this condition worse in its
effects than to Peaches. This fruit, more than most
others we cultivate, delights in an abundance of
moisture through the season of active growth, both
overhead and to the roots. Want of water to the
shoots and leaves favours the different insect
pests to which the fruit is liable ; and insufficient
moisture at the roots not only inflicts injury on the
current season's crop, reducing the weight of the fruit
proportionate to the extent of the deficiency, but
is often the cause of disease and premature death of
the trees. Through the influence of the wind it usually
happens that borders up to walls, such as where the
roots of Peaches in gardens are generally located, do
not get so much rain as falls in open exposed places,
and though the top looks moist after showers such as
the recent rains in many parts of the country have
been confined to, it frequently happens that the soil
below is much too dry to support growth to the extent
required, in which state it may not unlikely remain
until too late in the season to avail either the present
crop or admit of the trees in autumn being in the con-
dition they should be for another year. Whenever
there are any doubts about the soil being moist enough
to a depth suflicient for the roots to go, through the
time the fruit is swelling, and up to the concluding
stage of its ripening, it is well to examine the border
and at once give water as required. To gardeners
who have the misfortune to be situated where the
supply of water is insufficient, and every pailful given
to any one plant means so much shorter to all the
rest, this advice savours something of what a lecture
to the children of Israel when in Pharaoh's clutches
would have been about getting on with their brick
burning when they had nothing to burn them with.
But garden walls are costly appliances, and the trees
on them are far from bearing every year ; and in a
season like this, when in most places the Peach crop
is better than most others, it is well where possible to
do all that the means at command will admit of.
Unfortunately in many parts of England where the
climate is the most favourable for the growth of
Peaches the rainfall is the lightest, necessitating more
water being given unless the trees are to go short.

Watercress for the Londoners. — There

are few edible plants more universally liked than
the insignificant looking water-plant. Nasturtium offi-
cinale. With rich and poor it alike finds favour.
Many there are who can eat it without feeling the ill-
eftects experienced by some from partaking of other
salad plants. In large towns it is a general favourite,
and the quantities used are such as to puzzle any one
to imagine where they are grown. London alone
consumes an enormous quantity, which is grown in
various places where there are streams of water
that can be pressed into the service ; for although
Watercress will grow in any ordinary garden,
especially on the north side of a wall, if the
soil is kept sufficiently watered, still it is not
so crisp and nice as when grown in its natural
element — water. A good deal is produced in the
neighbourhood of Rickmansworth, where the beds
may be seen from the branch line that runs from the
London and North-Western Railway at that town ;
some are grown at Walthara, notably in the shallow
wide ditch that encloses a space in the locality of
the Jpld Abbey. Vast quantities are also grown on
the long stretch of land through which a small
stream winds its way by the side of the line
running from Red Hill, through Dorking to Reading,
for a distance of three or four miles between Gom-
shall station and Guildford ; the beds supplied with
water from this stream, covering many acres, may
be seen from the railway, and we believe are all
in the hands of the same grower. At the aforesaid
Gomsball station all through the season one or more

railway trucks may nearly always be seen for loading
up with the hampers containing the Cress, several
tons of which go to make up a load. In addition to
the quantities from these beds that are sent to
London, we understand trucks so loaded go to
Brighton, Birmingham, Manchester and other
places, a considerable staff of men and boys being
employed in their cultivation and gathering for sale.
As will be easily understood the condition of the
Cress is much dependent on the description of the
water in which it is grown, clean or foul, for although
the tender qualities of many vegetables so desirable
depend a good deal on their being well
supplied with manure in some form or other, the
nutritive elements from which are taken up by the
roots, and go to build the substance of the plants, the
tops or bottoms of which are to be eaten, yet it will
be easily seen that Watercress, from being in a great
measure immersed in the water that sustains it, is so
far different to other things. We believe that the
water in which is grown the Cress we have so far
named is clean and unexceptionable in every way j
but this does not apply to all the Cress that the in-
habitants of London eat. In a place we could name,
not 50 miles away, may be seen extensive beds of
Watercresses growing in sewage-water that has had
the solid matter taken out of it by a process it under-
goes, but which leaves it when run into the long series
of ditch-like beds wherein the Cress is growing, much
in appearance like diluted pea-soup, smooth, greasy-
looking stuff that one might think would answer
the purpose of stilling the storm-tossed waters
of the sea in place of the oil we hear of as
being used for this purpose. Cut and bunched
as the Cresses are from this foul water, the
presence of which is easily detected by the nose for a
considerable distance in the neighbourhood around,
the foul matter cannot fail to dry on them ; and even
if the Cresses be washed in pure water as they are
cut from the beds there are few, we think, who would
like to eat them if they only knew from whence they
came. This is a matter for consideration by the
sanitary authorities, who have to trace out the sources
of typhoid fever and cholera.

The Weather.— General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 14, 1884, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather, though fine and warm over the
greater part of England at the opening of the period,
has been cloudy and unsettled generally, with a good
deal of rain, and in many places some sharp thunder-
storms. The temperature has been a little below
the mean in " England, S.W.," and " Ireland, S.,"
and about equal to it in " Ireland, N.," and the
"Channel Islands," but in all other districts it
has exceeded its normal value by 1° to 3'. The
maxima, which were generally registered on the
8th, varied from 70° in "Scotland, N.," and
"Ireland, S.," and 72° in the "Channel Islands,"
to between 83° and 85° over southern, central,
and eastern England. The minima were recorded
during the latter part of the period, and ranged
from 43° in "England, S.W.," to 52° in "Eng-
land, N.E.," and 53° in the "Channel Islands."
The rainfall has been rather less than, or about
equal to, the mean in "Scotland, N.," "Eng-
land, E.," and "England, S.W.," but consider-
ably more elsewhere. Bright sunshine has been less
prevalent than during last week in "England, E.,"
" England, S.," and the " Channel Islands," but more
so in all other districts. The percentages of possible
duration varied from 25 in the " Channel Islands "
to 46 in "Ireland, N." Depressions observed. —
Pressure has been generally highest in the south
and south-east parts of our area, while a
series of depressions moving northwards outside our
western and north-western coasts, and some local
" thunderstorm " disturbances in different parts of
England and Scotland, have caused frequent oscilla-
tions in the barometer over the United Kingdom.
The wind, which has been moderate to fresh in force,
has varied between S. and S.E. or E.

— — Gardening Appointments. — Mr. W.
Wainwright, lately Foreman at Worksop Manor,
as Gardener to Mrs. Ellen Wai.ker, Blyth Hall,
near Worksop. — Mr. James Mayne, lately Foreman
at Broadlands, Romsey, as Gardener to Colonel
CORYTON, Pentilli Castle, St. Mellion, Cornwall, in
succession to Mr. Edwards, who is retiring. — Mr. G,
H. Sage, late Foreman at Lowther Castle, as Gardener
to Earl Dysart, Buckminster Park, Grantbam,

84

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 1884.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Cinchona Plantation in Sikkim. — In the
plantations at Mungpoo and Sittong some 232,200 red
bark trees were uprooted, and these were replaced
chiefly by the yellow bark variety. The new plantation
at Rungjung was also planted out with 42,200 trees of
this variety. This reform has been introduced at the
instance of the Home Government, ihe Secretary of
State being desirous of extending the cultivation of
the Calisaya Ledgeriana species, which is far richer
in quinine than the red bark variety. The total
number of yellow barks planted was 214,720, and
these were either Ledgerianas from plantation seed,
or Verdes and Moradas from South America. The
total number of Cinchona trees of all sorts at the
close of the year was 4,740,811, namely, red (Cin-
chona succirubra), 3,532,000; yellow (Calisaya
Ledgeriana), 854,218 ; yellow (Calisaya, Verde, and
Morada), 8500; hybrid unnamed variety, 320,500;
and other kinds, 25,593. The total number planted
in the preceding year was 4,711,168. The entire
produce of the plantations for the year was 305, 160 lb.
of dry bark. Of this 283,240 lb. were of red,
14,320 lb. of Calisaya, 5490 lb. of hybrid, and
2110 lb. of Officinalis bark. Judging from the
results of the experiments made for several years
past to grow on the plantations the plants yield-
ing the Carthagena bark, it is established, almost
beyond doubt, that the plant is unsuited to the
climate of Sikkim. The bark, however, is not so
valuable as that of the Ledgeriana or the hybrid
variety grown on the plantations. Reference was
made to the Remija plant, which produces a quinine-
yielding bark under the name of Cuprea, and it was
stated that this bark formed a very large proportion
of the quantity of quinine bark imported into Europe.
Dr. King has hitherto succeeded in getting only two
packets of this seed. The plant raised from one of
these speedily died, while the seed contained in the
second packet was only sown towards the end of the
year, and the result is not yet known. The result of
the year's working was a nett profit of 59,700-7-7
rupees, equal to a dividend o( 5^ per cent, on the
capital outlay. Dr. King points out that that this
does not represent the whole of the actual gain for
the year. The cost of the febrifuge used in substi-
tution for quinine in Government hospitals and dis-
pensaries during the year was 80,045 I'upees, whereas
an equal quantity of quinine would have cost three
times as much. Extract from Dr. Kin£s " Annual
^f/i?r/,"i8S3 — 1884.

this parasite from drawings made after my original
illustration was made. The largest figure shows the
branching condition of the fungus, and the five
smaller ones the simpler forms ; one is growing on
the tip of a leaf-hair. If I am correct in now
supposing the plant and the Ovularia to be the same,
the specific name exigua must lapse, and the plant be
known as Peronospora sphceroides, W. Sm. The
following is a description of the fungus : — Minute, con-
idiophores simple, or once, twice, or thrice branched,
slender, sparingly septate, furnished with minute
papillse, which bear the conidia, the latter falling
off as the threads extend in growth. Conidia oval,
almost globose, minute, pale grey, non-papillate, fur-
nished at the base with a very minute foot-stalk, and
bursting at the side on germination. I have seen the
very small oospores of this fungus, but my drawings
have been mislaid. The original of the unpublished
engraving is in the British Museum, and a large
drawing of the fungus is in the laboratory of the
Health Exhibition.

The fungus is not rare but common. As it very
frequently grows on the same patches with P. trifo-
liorum, D.By., it is generally overlooked. I have
seen it on many herbarium examples, both British
and foreign, with P. trifoliorum, D.By. The Rev.
J. E. Vize, in his Fasciculus III., and in his micro-
scopic slides, has sent out P. sphceroides, W. Sm.,
under the name of P, trifoliorum, D.By.; in fact, Mr,
Vize has apparently never found the latter plant at all.

DISEASE OF CLOVER.

Peronospora sPHyiiRoiDEs, W. S/u.

For several years we have been acquainted with a
destructive fungus on Clovers, commonly growing in
company with Peronospora trifoliorum, D.By. It
appears to grow on most of the Leguminosse, and is
frequent on Lotus corniculatus, L. A species of
Ovularia, a close ally of Peronospora, has been re-
corded as growing on LeguminosK near Berlin, in
1869 and 1S75, and Mr. W. B. Grove, B.A., pub-
lishes this species as British, with an illustration, in
the journal of Botany for July, p. 197, under the
name of Ovularia sphasroidea, Sacc, pi. 246, f. I.

In my work on the Diseases of Field and Garden
Plants I have referred to this parasite, and given
an illustration of a Peronospora, under the name of
P, exigua, W. Sm., which I, at the time, took to
be quite different from the Berlin plant. Since the
book has been set up, however, I think the two plants
may possibly be the same. I must say, however,
that I have never seen this parasite agreeing either
with the description or illustration of Ovularia sphae-
roidea, Sacc. I have never seen it as a single thread,
supporting a single terminal spore. On the other
hand, this plant usually bears a large number of spores,
and generally with the conidiophores or spore-bearing
stems once, twice, or three times branched. My
plant is a true Peronospora, and cannot belong to
either Ovularia or Ramularia, in which genera, if
my plant is the same with Saccardo's, it has been
alternately placed. Its characters best agree with
Phytophthora, which, however, like Ovularia, is a
bad genus. The simple thread supporting a single
spore — the possible Ovularia condition of this fungus
— can only be an ill-grown or depauperised state of
the Peronospora.

In fig. 19 I have engraved several fragments of

Fig 19. —disease of clover: i-eronosi'ORa £pHvT:roides.

The consortism of the two species is very curious,
but they are totally different from each other — P. tri-
foliorum, D.By., being a somewhat large plant, and
P. sphceroides, W. Sm,, very minute. The little
Peronospora is so small in comparison with other
species, that all the smaller growths in our illustration
would easily go inside a single conidium or spore of the
Potato disease, P. infestans, Mont. ; and the large
example as well as the small ones, and with plenty of
room to spare, would easily go inside a conidium of
the Onion fungus, P. Schleideniana, Ung.

As with many other species of Peronospora, our
plant causes putrid spots to occur on the leaves, and
these spots at length drop out and fall to the ground ;
in this material the oospores rest and become mature.
W, G, Smith.

Drymonia marmorata. — A superb Cyrtandra-
ceous plant, probably of scandent habit, as most of
the species climb on damp rocks and tree trunks
by means of long aerial roots thrown out from the in-
ternodes of the stem. This habit renders them valu-
able for covering the walls of stoves. The stems are
square, fleshy, the leaves about a foot long, about half
that size in width, on long stalks, ovate acute, green,
mottled with silver above, claret-red beneath. The
flowers are in tufts in the axils of the leaves, on long
stalks, rose-coloured, spotted with grey. Sepals more
than I inch long, ovate acute, cordate, rose-purple.
Corolla l^ inch long, primrose-yellow, tubular, with
a fine lobed limb, the lobes rounded, slightly un-
equal in size, and all toothed, The filaments are
curiously twisted. The present plant is supposed to
be a native of Guiana, and is described by Sir Joseph
Hooker in the July number of the Botanical Maga-
zine, t. 6763, from a plant in Mr. Bull's collection.

FRUIT NOTES.

Package of Apples. — The Committee of the
New Orleans International Horticultural Exhibi-
tion make the following suggestions : — All Apples,
Pears, and similar fruits intended for this exhibition
should be gathered as soon as fully grown and fairly
coloured, and while yet as firm as possible. They
should be gathered with great care, and laid in
cushioned baskets, with some soft bit of blanket
between the laj'ers. They should not be chafed or
pressed in the least degree. Each specimen should
be wrapped in three or four successive sheets of soft
paper. Great care should be used to prevent the
breakage of stems. All the specimens of a variety
should then be placed in a tough paper sack, with
sufficient packing about specimens to fill out the sack
and prevent the possibility of bruising. Mark the
sack plainly with the name of the variety in'ink ; then
pack the sacks containing the varieties belonging to a
given exhibit together in a box or barrel, which should
be well ventilated. Keep the more perishable kinds
together in the same package as far as possible. Then
attach to both heads of the barrel, or both ends of the
box and to the top, gummed labels, which will be
furnished by the chief of this department upon appli-
cation, and fill out the blanks thereon with the name
and residence of the exhibitor, the kind of fruit and
the number of varieties, and the names of varieties, so
far as possible, contained in the package. The New
Orleans Refrigeration Company have placed apart-
ments at the command of this department, where an
even temperature of about 35", and a dry air, will
hold fruit well without much change ; but it will
decay soon when taken out, and it is not desirable to
place varieties which will keep well at home in this
storage. The time for special displays of particular
fruits, if any be decided upon, will be hereafter
announced.

Large Peaches. — Yesterday (July 14) I pulled a
very large Peach (I think Noblesse) which weighed
exactly 12] oz., the circumference being ilf inches.
As this is the heaviest I have ever weighed, I should
be pleased to hear if any larger weights have been
recorded. In 1S79 I had two Peaches from the same
tree, which weighed 9^ and 9^ oz. respectively. Geo.
Sutherland^ Gr. to Colonel Makins, M.P,, Rot her field
Court, Henley 'On^ Thames, [A 12 oz. Peach is a very
respectable fruit, but the weight has been many
times exceeded. Mr. Goodwin, of Maidstone, had in
iSSoafruit of Dr. Hogg which weighed 23 J oz. ; and
in 1881 one of \%\ oz. Mr. Meehan, in the current
number of the Gardeners' Monthly^ records, from the
Florida Dispatch, a Tinley Peach which weighed
20 oz. Ed.]

Nectarine Oldenburg. — Fruit medium size,
globular, light rose, coloured on the sunny side, the
shaded side being nearly white. It is highly spoken
of by Mr. William Miller, of Combe Abbey. I-lorist
and Pomologist, July.

KITOOL FIBRE.

The Palm, Caryota urens, Linn,, is a native of
Ceylon, Malabar, Bengal, Assam, and various parts
of India. Amongst natives of Ceylon it is known as
Kitool ; in India it is called Bastard Sago, Coonda
pauna (Tamil) ; Erimpana, or Schundra-pana (Mai.).

It is a beautiful and lofty Palm, with a trunk more
than a foot in diameter, and 40 feet high. The large
bipinnatisect leaves measure iS feet to 20 feet in
length, and 10 feet to 12 feet across. The fruit is of
the size of a Plum, with a thin yellow rind, and is
very burning and acrid in taste. From the flower-
stem an enormous amount of sweet juice can be
obtained ; as much as 100 pints in twenty-four hours.
From this juice Jaggery sugar, well known in our
markets, is prepared, although it is not the only
source, other Palm trees yielding it in commercial
quantities. The caste who prepare this sugar in
Ceylon are known as Jaggeros. The juice is also
pleasant to drink when fresh, and an intoxicating
spirit, known variously as toddy, arrack, pauna, or
pawnee, is obtained by fermentation, and largely
used.

The pith of the stem contains a large amount of
farinaceous matter, equal to Sago in quality. The
natives use this largely for food in the shape of gruel,
or a kind of bread. Like its relative, the Cocoa-nut,

July ig, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

85

KItool Palm Is a source of food and profit to its
owner. Elephants make of the leaves their favourite
food, and the "heart," or expanded leaves, can be
made into a capital Cabbage, or pickled, or candied.
The woolly substance at the base of the leaves is used
in caulking ships.

The fibres or veins of the leaves furnish the Kitool
fibre, and it is largely used by the natives for the
making of ropes, fishing-lines, bow-strings, brushes,
brooms, baskets, caps, &c. Its great strength has
earned for it the name of Elephant fibre, and ropes
made of Kitool are used to tether and secure wild
elephants.

The fibre has long been known in this country,
and under the name of Indian gut has long been used
for fishing-lines. When made into brushes it is
found to be most durable, and some firms will not use
brushes made of any other material. It seems to be
the best substitute for bristles, as the fibre is strong,
tough, and impervious to water. It is, however,
rather brittle, and a sudden knock may break it. It
can be woven together with cotton for petticoat stuffs,
and forms a cheap and flexible fabric for dress-
improvers, &c. Steamed and curled, it can be used
for stuffing purposes in upholstery, and the refuse may
be used instead of hair to mix with mortar for build-
ing purposes. When dipped in oil it turns from a
dull brown to a beautiful black colour, and the oili-
ness may be removed. Journal of the Society of Arts,

CAROB BEANS.

The saccharine pods of the Ceratonia siliqua have
become an article of considerable importance as a food
for domestic cattle, and the export is now large from
many of the Mediterranean countries. From Candia
or Crete the shipments have been said to reach
iSo.ooo tons annually, from Cyprus 10,000 tons are
exported, and from the districts of Tarragona in
Spain as much.

In several of the countries where the tree is
largely grown, horses and stable cattle are almost
exclusively fed upon the pods. About 6 lb. a day
are given of the crushed pods, raw or boiled,
with or without chaff. The meat of sheep and pigs is
also greatly improved in flavour by this pod, the
fattening properties being twice that of oil-cake ; hence
Carob beans form a chief ingredient in most of the arti-
ficially prepared cattle foods. They contain about
66 per cent, of sugar and gum. The tree is grown
in Italy, Portugal, and Spain, the south of France,
and most of the islands of the Mediterranean. It has
been also carried to South America and India. The
produce is annually increasing in Cyprus. The tree
grows readily in most soils, and not requiring much
moisture or care, its cultivation gives little trouble ;
however, although the tree grows and thrives without
much moisture, the yield of fruit is affected during
dry seasons, the quantity being less, and the quality
inferior.

In Crete the trees in the eastern part of the
island produce a much finer pod than elsewhere, which
realise is. a cwt, more than those in the centre of
the island. The produce always finds a ready market
at Constantinople and the ports of the Black Sea.
These pods, in some of the countries where it is
abundant, are a great resource to the poorer classes,
who eat them in large quantities, particularly in Lent.
Containing a good proportion of sugar, they are very
nourishing and satisfying when fresh, besides being
cheap, and having the virtue of keeping well. As
met with here, however, they are hard and leathery,
and not very attractive.

As an economic plant already it is strange that no
attempts have been made by improved culture to
transform the pod into a savoury edible fruit.

In Portugal the pods are known under the name
Algarobas, and in Austria as Johannes' Bread. It
has the reputation of being the food on which St.
John fed in the wilderness ; but this is question-
able, as it was most probably the insect locusts,
which are parched and eaten to this day in parts
of Africa. In Vienna Carob beans are sold at all
the fruit stalls in the streets ; and they are even sold
in many sweet shops in London and elsewhere,
being purchased by children. In Sicily a spirit and
a syrup are made from the sweet pods ; it has a
flavour not disagreeable, and resembling in taste
the fruit. Aromatised liqueurs have also been
made from it. In Egypt a mucilaginous refreshing
beverage is made from the pods, and they steep in it
the fruits of the Balanites asgyptica.

JiojVIE -f ORREgPOjNDEJ^CE.

How to Measure the Heights of Trees.— It is
notorious that optical instruments are generally sold
at very far above their true value ; whether the
paucity of buyers raises the price or the high price
limits the number of purchasers, I cannot say.
Having taken to growing spars instead of rigging
them, 1 have transferred my sextant to a younger
relative, who I hope may maintain the honour of the
family in Her Majesty's Navy. This, however, left
me without the means of measuring the height of my
trees, and as the advertised instruments cost far more
than I am inclined to give, I set to work to manu-
facture one for myself. Having procured a pair of
toy mirrors \\ inch square, I procured a piece of i-inch
board 2 inches by 4, having two of the corners rounded
off as in the tigure (tig. 20), and upon it with a fine
saw I cut two grooves a quarter of an inch deep,
so that if produced they would form an angle of
224°. Into these I placed vertically the two mirrors,
R and H, facing one another, and wedged them with
thin strips of wood and Japan varnish. The silver-
ing should be taken off half an inch of the upper part
of the mirror H, to render it transparent. To use the
instrument, fix a piece of white paper to the stem of
the tree near the height of the eye at the point of
observation ; then at a short distance hold the reflector,
R, nearly vertical, and with the ej'e at K, the top of
the tree will be seen in H. Walk backwards or for-
wards until this reflection coincides with the white
mark, and if the mirrors are set correctly the
distance from the tree will be equal to the height
above the mark. The probability is that an amateur
will not hit the exact angle, and this must be tested
by erecting two poles at, say, 100 feet apart, and
walking from the left-hand pole at right angles to the
line between them, and measuring the distance at
which the poles coincide in the instrument. Then

Fig. 20.— a simple tree measurer : scale half size.

divide the first distance by the second, and the result
will be the ratio by which the base must be multiplied
to give the height of the tree. In my own instru-
ment this is .87, but a smaller angle would give a
longer base, and therefore a more accurate
result ; indeed, with a round-headed tree the short
base cannot be used correctly. The whole apparatus,
after being Japan varnished, did not cost me a shilling,
H. K.

Papaver umbrosum.— The figure of this on p.
49 offers an opportunity to say a few words about its
cultivation, as it has been a speciality of the garden
here ever since its introduction a few years ago by
Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich. It is very much
finer and more desirable as a spring-flowering plant
than as a spring-sown annual. Poppy seed keeps badly,
and if stored in drawers often fails altogether. The
new seed should be sown now, either thinly broad-
cast where it is intended to flower, or in some open
sunny piece of spare ground, from which it can be
transplanted late in autumn. The young plants will
not come up till September, and as their growth is
not upright, but the seedlings lay their leaves hori-
zontally on to the soil, each plant must have abund-
ance of room — from a foot to iS inches all round it —
to itself. It will entirely fill this space, or more,
before it flowers. The bat plants are those which
come up spontaneously near where the parents have
grown ; but as it is not always practicable to clear
enough room for them they may be transplanted with
a long trowel, taking up plenty of soil with each seed-
ling to a depth of 9 inches. The conditions for suc-
cessful growth are a rich moist soil, an open situation,
and abundance of room. They may be moved at any
time before Christmas, when the soil is not frozen,
and will continue to grow all winter, being injured
neither by cold nor wet. So treated they come into
flower early in May, and continue to be a blaze of
bright colour for more than a month. The seed of
these plants is now ripe. P. umbrosum is not im-
proved by being doubled, and the black mark on the
petals is often changed for a smaller spot of dull
white, greatly to the disadvantage of the flower. C.
nolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire, July 12.

N. Mastersiana

.. 20K

,, bicalcarata

.. 14S

„ distillatoria

.. 9%

„ Chelsoni ..

9

„ Hookeriana

■ ■ hi

,, Veitchii ..

.. 6K

„ intermedia

.. sK

,, Courlii

,, Dominii . .

.. 2^

„ Hibberdi ..

2

Measuring Nepenthes.— Sir Trevor Lawrence
mentioned to me the other day that the plan he adopts
for ascertaining the size of the pitchers on his Nepen-
thes is to measure their capacity in fluid ounces. This
method appears to me to be far more accurate than
the usual one of measuring the length and girth in
inches, as if carefully done it must give their exact
relative size, whereas the measurement in inches may
vary considerably, according to the ideas of the
measurer as to which exact part of the pitcher should
be taken. I append below the capacity of the pitchers
of several varieties which are now in my collection,
and 1 should be very glad if other growers would
favour us with their results. I am unable to include
N. sanguinea in the list, as I cut down my best plant
last spring, and consequently the pitchers on the
young growths are only of moderate size, the largest
being 8i inches in length and not yet open. I, and
I believe many other growers, would also be pleased
to hear whether any one has yet succeeded with those
difficult subjects, N. Rajah and N. Northiana. I find
the former impossible to please. Mr. Court told me
he intended trying it in a cool-house, and as I learn
from Mr. Veitch that in its native habitat the thermo-
meter occasionally falls to the freezing point, such cool
treatment would appear to be correct ; but the plant I
gradually removed from the Nepenthes-house to an
intermediate Orchid-house suffered severely from the
change. Nepenthes Northiana I find easy of culture,
and apparently vigorous, but the pitchers do not increase
much in size, and with me have never even approached
the reported size. The following list gives the quan-
tity of water in each pitcher when filled to the brim,
and held in the position in which it will contain
most : —

N. Northiana .. .. 2^

,, Stewartii .. .. 1^

„ zeylanica rubra .. ijij

,, rubro-maculata .. j^

,, MorganiK .. .. jH

„ gracilis major . . j J^

,, pfiyllamphora .. i}^

,, madagascarensts .. I

„ albo-marginata ,. H

My other varieties have not at the present time any
pitchers worth including, excepting a fine plant from
Borneo, bought originally of Mr. Bull, and resembling
N. Rafflesiana, but I think distinct from that species.
It is a young plant, but has pitchers which will
contain 5 J oz. S. Courtauld, Becking Place, Brain-
tree, July 1 6.

Phlox Drummondi compacta is an annual
eminently suited for pot culture as well as bedding-
out. Being of much dwarfer habit than the original P.
Drummondi, and having all the other good qualities
of the latter, it is doubtless destined to supersede it
in course of time. Any one fortunate enough to
obtain seed from a good strain will have no hesita-
tion in declaring it to be an annual worthy of being
placed in the front rank. H. J. H.

Eremurus himalaicus.— This fine hardy Indian
Asphodel, figured in your issue for July 9, 1881, on
p. 49, has bloomed well in my garden this summer,
and has now ripened a small quantity of good seed,
some of which I shall be happy to send to any of your
readers who cares to send me a stamped envelope
addressed to themselves, to the address at foot hereof,
as long as seed lasts. The woodcut above referred to
makes the inflorescence far too dense and conical
in shape, the flowers form a close column up the top-
most 2 feet of a 4 feet stem, and in nowise assume
the conical form as there pourtrayed. W. E. Gitmble-
ton, Belgrove, Qucenstruin, Ireland. [The figure
alluded to was a correct representation of the parti-
cular specimen. Ed.]

The Present Prospect of the Potato Crop
in Ireland. — You will be proud to hear— and this is
the crucial point— that from the loth to the middle of
July there has not been a whisper of blight from any
quarter. For the past four years we had the early
Potatos, especially the Flounders, in our large vege-
table garden, badly diseased at this date. This year
they are perfectly free from a trace of it, and this I
attribute in a great degree to the long spell of dry,
bright, tropical weather that came to an end a week
ago. The welcome rain will be of little use to such
early varieties as the Ashleaf Kidneys, Eight Weeks,
Cosmopolitan, Fillbasket, Pride of the Market,
Snowflake, Ashtop Fluke, First Crop, and a number
of others I have been using for the past month, and
that are of superb quality, though smaller than usual ;
at the same time it just comes at the right moment
for those on the farm — Champion, Magnum Bonum,
Schoolmaster, and Reading Hero. This last seems
most promising here. W. J. Murphy, Clonmel.

Phlox Miss Harrison.— This herbaceous Phlox
is deserving of the attention of all lovers of hardy
border plants, as it possesses merit of more than ordi-
nary degree. The plant is of vigorous habit, growing
to a height under liberal treatment of from 2 to 3 feet,

86

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[July 19, 18S4.

producing handsome pyramidal spilies of flowers of
pure while, which are of good size, form, and sub-
stance. Its flowers are of long duration, and extremely
useful for cutting. J. H,

The Alexander Peach. — I send for your inspec-
tion a few Alexander Peaches, a variety I cannot too
highly commend, especially for its earliness. I
gathered my first fruit this year from it on July 6.
The tree, which carries ten dozen fruits, is entirely
out-of-doors, and has not even a coping over it,
although we protect with cotton blinds during the
spring months. Early Louise follows in succession,
but it will be three weeks behind Alexander ; and I
think Early Beatrice, as far as I can judge now, will
be next. Early Rivers is earlier than Beatrice, but
useless, on account of the cracking of the stone. We
shall have outdoor Peaches in unbroken succession
from the first week in July to the last week in Octo-
ber. I see by referring to my diary of last year that
I gathered my last Peaches (Salway) on October 13.
I may add that the variety Dr. Hogg, in a heated
house, is not yet ripe, which will convey some idea of
the precocity of the Alexander. J. Thirlby, Gr. to
the Ri«ht Hon, Lord Mount Temple, Broadlands,
Romsey,

Begonia Wallensteini. — Amongst the orna-
mental leaved sections of Begonias there are pro-
bably none, from a decorative point of view, to equal
the above. Well grown plants from 6-inch pots
have a charming eflect on a dinner-table when lighted
up at night, the contrast between the leaves — which
are of a dark green and deep chocolate in colour —
and a white cloth being very fine. It delights in a
stove temperature, and should be grown in a com-
post consisting of good turfy loam, peat, and silver-
sand. J. H. H.

NOTES FROM NOTTINGHAM.

No stranger visiting Nottingham should omit seeing
the Arboretum. The ground is so charmingly diver-
sified— as much so, indeed, as that on which the town
is built. The garden is, in fact, a dell, with mode-
rately steep banks, artificially planned to an even
surface, the dell sloping downwards to its lower out-
let in one of the town streets. The turf, notwith-
standing the dry weather, looks at its greenest, and
shrub and tree, albeit mostly of ordinary sorts, have
a healthy, thrifty look. Nottingham, although it is
the headquarters of lace fabrication, and has other in-
dustries also on a large scale, is not a smoky town, and
the breezes that waft away its smoke keep the air pure
and healthful, and vegetable life has nothing inimical
to contend with. The Arboretum is easily accessible,
and provides a pleasant promenade for the aged and
the very young. The walks are of asphalte, broad,
and of easy gradients ; shady walks and retreats
abound, and there are flowers enough about to please
all tastes. The shrubberies are mostly edged with
some kind of flowering plants, as Antirrhinums,
Canterbury Bells, Carnations, Sweet Williams, and
Gaultheria shallon is used round others with good
effect. The Bell Temple, with its grim-looking
Russian cannon, and the Chinese bell hung in
a small pagoda, was planted or was in course
of planting with carpet bedding material generally.
The spring bedders had lasted in beauty so long that
the gardener, Mr. Locker, had been loth lo sacrifice
them in June, and thus the summer bedding wis left
till so late. Some of the carpet bed arrangements
that were put in at an earlier date were looking very
pretty, notably those at the bottom of the dell walk.
Rocks are so common about Nottingham that it is
but small matter of wonder to find them placed some-
times in apparently incongruous positions, and lumps
of them in a neat smoothly kept carpet garden is one
of them. There is this, however, that may be said
for the stone — it is of a rich brown colour, and, being
a porous sandstone, it either soon tones down in tint,
or becomes kindly covered with minute growths, the
Liverwort being the commonest of these in situations
that are damp.

A piece of water with some rare water-fowl receives
the drainage of walks and garden ; near this pool are
some capital examples of Alders and Willows. Alnus
glutinosas and A. laciniata have attained a great size,
and have begun to resemble the Oaks in their general
aspect of bark and growth. The Germans call these
trees " Wasser Eichen," Water Oaks. Coniferous
trees grow fairly well, but the pride of the place will
be in time the Limes and Elms and the other umbra-
geous trees, all of which are making great progress.

The Castle, after many years of neglect, has
been substantially restored, and refitted externally and

internally for the reception of pictures in oils and
water-colours, of which there are many. An art
collection also finds a home here, being affiliated
with South Kensington Museum. The old ram-
parts of turf have been levelled, or in some other
manner been made available for the gardener's art,
but as in good taste no flowers find a place near the
Castle itself — the windy, elevated, unsheltered sile,
and their unsuitability to such surroundings, forbid
their use. Near the barbican, where we may sup-
pose the warder might have had his patch of old-
fashioned flowers in the olden time, the flower
gardener of to-day lays out his little parterre of
flowers and particoloured foliage. The whole place
is in wonderfully good keeping, as are all the town
recreation grounds that are under the management of
Mr. Frettingham. This one is easily reached from
one of the principal streets of the town, and one is
soon amidst deep gorges, and rocky banks, and mas-
sive Cyclopsean walls, that retain the house gardens
in this part,

The Cemetery, which adjoins the race-ground,
is a most singular place for interments. Some portion
of it, adjoining the road to Bullwell, has been some
considerable time in use for burials, but the major
poriion is exceedingly rough, in fact, forest ground,
with the trees cleared away. In this part the rock is
close to the surface, and the paths and roads are
nothing more than trenches hewn out of the solid
sandstone, large caves are found that run underground
great distances, and graves have to be cut out of the
rock in most instances. Improvements are persistently
being carried out, which will in the course of time
make this one of the most singular and romantic
looking places of burial in the country. There is a
specimen of catacomb building, now nearing com-
pletion, which is nearly a complete circle of about
100 yards in diameter. This is approached at the
bottom by a tunnel cut in the rock a long time
since.

The Queen's Walk. — This is an avenue of Elms
and some Limes, planted in four straight lines
with an asphalted path of width sufficient for six
persons to walk abreast, and two side paths of lesser
width ; turf divides these walks from each other, and
the whole forms an agreeable shady promenade of
about 800 yards in length, running from the busy part
near the railway stations to the Trent Bridge. On the
right hand side, going out of the town by this walk,
is a piece of turf of about 5 acres, used as a playground
for children, and further on, to the left hand, an exten-
sive grass plot for cricket, &c., and permanent
swings for children. In addition to the above-named
recreation grounds is the Forest of Sherwood, a place
open to all for promenading and amusement, and easily
reached on foot or by tramcar. Some part of the race-
course, which is almost in the town itself now, so much
has the latter spread outwards, is also devoted to cricket
and games generally.

Bkstwood Park. — This residence of the Duke
of St. Albans lies off the Mansfield Road some
4 miles out of Nottingham, The house is a
modern building of brick, with stone quoins,
&c., and a gabled roof. There is a pretty con-
servatory here with a winding path of tesselated
work. In this are some fine specimens of Seaforthia
elegans, one of them measuring about 25 feet in
height ; large Orange trees. Camellias, Phormium
tenax, Cytisus racemosus, and creepers were planted
out in the broad borders, and doubtless, when the
house is furnished with the pot-grown specimens, as
it is during the Duke's stay, the effect is particularly
good. The flower garden is of limited dimensions,
and consists of a small thickly tree-and-shrub planted
space, surrounding two sides of the house. This
garden is overlooked from three terraces and is gay
with Roses, grown as dwarfs in masses. We thought
the effect would have been greatly improved by
taking (away many trees in the foreground, that
partly hide, and which would still more shut out
as they get bigger, the near as well as the distant
views. Fruit growing is a prime feature at Bestwood,
and not only is there a great orchard, in which
Apples are most abundant this season, but the walls
generally are covered with healthy fruitful Plums and
Pears, &c. The only fruits that do not succeed here
are Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots. These were
once good on the open south wall, but have now
almost died out, possibly from want of protection, or
because the ground was depleted of the particular

nutriment needed by them, and required an entire
removal and replacement by virgin loam. In the
houses the Peach and Nectarine were doing very well,
many of the trees, both on back walls and front
trellises, being well found and bearing fine fruit. The
early vineries contain some well grown bunches of
Hamburgh, excellently finished, many of them equalling
4 lb. in weight. The Muscat of Alexandria Grapes
are very superior in quality, but were hardly ripe at
the time of our visit. A vine of Trebbiano is carry-
ing fifteen bunches, about 70 lb. of fruit altogether,
and from this Vine last year a 15-lb. bunch was cut.
Another house is filled chiefly with Lady Downe's
Seedling, Mrs, Pince's Black Muscat — excellent
bunches, that will last well into the winter season.
A few Pines, Melons, and Cucumbers are grown, and
the usual class of plants for furnishing table plants
and cut blooms. Some wonderfully vigorous and
clean specimens of Gardenia floribunda may be ob-
served growing in a dwarf pit. They had yielded
one good crop of bloom, and had set another equally
abundant one. The plants are in pots, but the roots
have been allowed to travel into the plunging material.
The kitchen garden contains capital crops, despite
the dry weather — Peas, Potatos, Cabbages, and
Strawberries being as good as we have seen any-
where. The handsome pyramid fruit trees in this
garden form quite a feature, and in several instances
carry full crops. One of the south aspects of the
garden wall is gay with Roses, in great variety ; and
in front of this a long ribbon border. The garden is
under the able management of Mr. Edmunds.

WooDTHORPE Grange, the residence of II.
Ashwell, Esq., is a high-lying finely situated
place near Nottingham, from which a beautiful
landscape is seen stretching away in hill and vale
right into Derbyshire. Here we saw in a shel-
tered corner some beautiful examples of Roses, grow-
ing as dwarfs chiefly, a few standards alone being
seen, the place of these last being far better filled
with the pyramid or pillar Roses. The Roses were
blooming in great profusion, and many of them were
of the highest quality ; still Mr. Edington, the cour-
teous head gardener, informed us that the pyramids
were less full of flower than was the case last
year. Here we saw the results of liberal and clever
management of the Rose on a soil just adapted to
its wants. The delicately perfumed Rosa rugosa,
the purple-rose coloured variety, grew into a fine
bush that had been loaded with bloom, as could be
seen from the remaining seed-vessels. The im-
mense rockery here is the main feature, and is really
grand as a field for the alpine cultivator. It con-
sists of two immense hollows that have formerly
been excavations from which clay has been taken
for brick-making. The bare rock was exposed by
this work, and this has been still further deepened
by several feet more being taken out. These great
pits are on the side of a hill, one below the other, so
that the getting rid of water is an easy afTair. The
lower point of the rockwork may be 60 feet from the
highest point, that at which the waterfall is found.
The quarried rock has been used to face in a natural
manner the banks and hills of earth, and is rapidly
becoming clothed with rock plants. Especially fine
are the patches of Saxifrages, Sedums, Alyssums,
Aubrietias, Thymus lanuginosus, the latter making
great grey carpets of foliage. Many Campanulas are
grown in flower, being the two dwarf varieties, C.
pulla and C. p. alba, and the tall C. persicifolia.
Many Ferns of a hardy character are grown on the
more shady portions. This should in years to come,
if the planting is persistently carried out, be one of
the best bits ol rock gardening in the Midlands. In
the forcing houses we found plenty of nice fruit ; the
Noblesse and Grosse Mignonne Peaches were very
large, the former being of a higher colour than is often
seen. Grapes of all the kinds grown were, in all
cases, of fine quality. One sort, the Shiraz, was
carrying a heavy crop of large, broad-shouldered,
tapering bunches. It is a pity there are no classes for
Grapes other than black or white, or we should
oftener see this fine Grape at exhibitions. The colour
is that of the Grizzly Frontignac, but there any com-
parison of outward appearance ends. Mr. Edington
has a fine lot of healthy Azalea indicT, both as large
and small plants, and grows capital Pines, Melons,
and Cucumbers.

Malvern House. --This is another place of
repute for its horticultural doings in the neigh-
bourhood of Nottingham. It is the residence

July 19, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

87

of T. B. Cults, Esq., a getleman engaged in
commerce, who has become of late years an
ardent patron of gardening in certain phases.
Lit:e Woodlhorpe, from which it is not far removed,
the site is quite precipitous. Here Mr. Cutts has
placed his dwelling ; close to the town, indeed in it,
yet obtaining splendid views from the windows.
Here were to be found the beginning of an
Orchid collection that is about to be brought together,
some good things being already under the charge of
Mr. German, a gardener whose capability is certified
by the prizes he managed to secure at the Nottingham
show. At present the Orchids do not form a promi-
nent feature, and so we will leave them, to look
at the rockery. This is a very telling bit, of
Mr. Pulham's creation, massive, natural, and quite
suited by reason of its size to the small garden in
which it stands, and of which it is one of the boun-
daries. It may be about 20 yards in length, and
10 yards in total width. The idea is that of a shallow
cave, not deep enough to be damp, but warm and
partially sunny,; this is flanked by massive rock, and
slightly masked by a large block directly in front.
Water runs in front in an irregular channel. The
rocks are many of them purposely made in hollow
blocks of Pulhamite, so that by putting in sufficient
drainage over the outlets at the bottom of them, and
filling up with soil, plants can be got to grow in
a way that is not usually met in these imitation
rockworks. Ivies, Clematises, Rhodododendrons,
especially R. hirsutum, Cotoneaster microphylla
and C. rupestris, Ericas, and a few alpines con-
stitute the chief occupants as yet. In the hand-
some conservatory, that is divided into a cool
and warm portion, a pretty arbour of rockwork
of stalactite imitation, which is lighted from above
through a yellow glass medium, is observed in the
right hand corner on entering. An aquarium in the
Brighton style is being constructed under the warm
conservatory division, to consist of several large brick
tanks with glass front wall, and furnished with rock-
work. The conservatory itself is usually well furnished
with plants, but at the time we saw it it was almost
denuded of plants, although the luxuriant creepers on
the roof and walls, and a fine Seaforthia elegans on
the floor, planted out, helped to prove how effective
the thing would be in the Bnished state. In
the Grape-houses we found good crops of Mus-
cats nearly ripe, large in bunch and berry. A young
Muscat-house, already planted three years, is bearing
a few capital bunches, and making besides very strong
wood. Black Hamburgh Grapes are likewise well
done, as, indeed, they should be, as all are quite
young. There are small [plant-houses for warm and
cool-house plants, forcing pits. Altogether this is a
bijou establishment of a commercial gentleman not
altogether so immersed in business that he cannot
find the necessary time to cultivate the graceful art of
horticulture. The land already under the gardener's
care is of quite moderate extent, but is the acme of
cleanliness, order, and neatness ; some few more
acres are about to be added to this, and in the end
there will formed a most enjoyable secluded garden.

THE WEST INDIA FRUIT
TRADE.

The abundance and cheapness of our British fruits,
owing to the prolonged fine weather, give an interest
to a consideration of the commerce in those tropical
fruits which in the places of growth would be gladly
exchanged for some of the more common European
fruits, such as Apples and Pears, Strawberries, Rasp-
berries, and Cherries. The supply of Oranges and
Lemons has also been very abundant and cheap in
our markets this year. A few statistics ol the trade
in tropical fruits of the West Indies, which is mainly
carried on with North America, may prove of interest
at the present time. New York and Boston are the
chief centres for the sale of tropical fruits. The
figures cited are chiefly those for 18S2.

The trade in West Indian Oranges proved unsatis-
factory and unprofitable, 23,000,000 were received
from Jamaica out of a total of 31,000,000, and one-
third of the quantity perished on the voyage. The
other islands from which supplies of Oranges came
were Cuba, Bahamas, Dominica, Trinidad, and
Porto Rico. Florida is fast becoming a competitor
in Oranges, having supplied 500,000 boxes and
barrels, and in another decade it will be able to
supply the whole United States with an abundance of
fine Oranges,

The import of Pine-apples into New York was over
2,500,000, principally from the Bahamas and Jamaica,
with a few from Cuba and Cura^oa. The average
loss of the fruit on the voyage was 20 per cent. Nearly
two million Pine-apples are annually canned or p,acked
at the factories of one firm at Eleuthera and Harbour
Island, about three-fourths of which find a market in
New York, and the residue in Europe. The annual
production of Pine-apples in the State of Florida is
gradually on the increase, a quarter of a million of
fine Pines of superior quality having been received in
New York in 1SS2.

The Banana trade is an important one in the prin-
cipal United States ports. It is the fruit of the
Sweet Plantain (Musa sapientum). In California and
Florida M. Cavendishii, a dwarf and more robust
species, is chiefly grown, the yield of fruit being pro-
fuse (as much as 200 or 300 fruits in a spike), and the
flavour excellent. The delicate fruit of the eastern
species, M. simiarum, never reaches this country ;
they attain a length of i to 2 feet. The longer voyage
from the West Indies or Madeira seldom allows
Bananas to arrive in good condition in the London
market, nor is this fruit so generally appreciated here
as in America, where it is a common dessert fruit.

The importation of Bananas at New York was
double that of 1S81, but a striking offset was offered
to this increase in the very notable decrease in
Oranges, probably the most commonly used of all the
imported fruits. Nearly 1,000,000 bunches of Bananas
were received ; of the above over 150,000 bunches
perished on the voyage — a loss of 16 per cent. The
imports are principally from Aspinwall and Jamaica.
There are also direct imports at Boston of about
250,000 bunches. The price received in Jamaica is
from ^5 tO;iio per too bunches, the former repre-
senting the lowest price given in dull seasons, and the
latter the highest when fruit was most in demand.

All the Bananas imported into the United States
come from the Isthmus of Panama and the West
Indies. The different varieties are called Aspinwall,
Baracoa, and Jamaica, after the places from which
they are shipped. The Aspinwall Bananas are large
and yellow, and termed silver-skinned. The Baracoa,
so named from the pott in Cuba at which they are
shipped, are red-skinned. The Jamaica Bananas are
yellow and smaller. The Aspinwall fruit is hardy,
and can bear handling and heat or cold better than
the other two kinds. The Baracoa fruit, which comes
from the south-east end of Cuba, is by some people
thought to be superior to the Aspinwall and Jamaica
kinds, as it is more luscious. The wholesale price
last year was 2s. 6d, to 2s. <jJ. per bunch.

The Jamaica Bananas have improved in quality
lately, and fetched 2s, 8d. to 4J. a bunch. Steamers
have now been put on, which make the passage from
Jamaica in eight and a half days against fifteen or
twenty days by the ordinary sailing schooners. The
loss on the voyage, which was formerly from 10 to 15
per cent., has been almost overcome, and better fruit
is brought in as the steamer can take a cargo of nearly
lipe fruit.

The Aspinwall Bananas come to market through-
out the year. Those from Jamaica and Baracoa
reach the American markets from March i to about
August 15. In Jamaica when a sucker is planted
it only comes up single and bears but one bunch of
fruit, while in Aspinwall a sucker comes up with
several shoots, and these bear in succession one after
another. In Aspinwall also the fruit comes to
maturity in half the time it does in Jamaica or Cuba.
During the last six years the value of the annual
exports of Bananas from Port Antonio, Jamaica,
has more than doubled. In 1877 the value of
those shipped was only ^7747, in the two following
years it averaged /^lS,ooo ; last year it reached
,{[40,000. Considerable quantities are also shipped
from the ports of Lucia, Montego Bay, St. Ann's,
Port Marie, and Kingston.

The Banana is an annual, the fruit coming to
maturity about a year from the time that the shoot
is planted, the stem of the plant then attaining a
height of 8 or 10 feet and perhaps 36 inches in girth.
There are a good many Plantain walks in the island
varying in size from 25,000 to 200,000 trees, but they
are for the most part cultivated by the small settlers
in the different parishes, and prove a source of great
profit to them. The method of cultivation is
simple. The land is cleared by the aid of a primitive
and ponderous hoe, a hole is dug in which is placed
a " sucker," and Nature is left to do the rest. Unless
the season be one of exceeding drought the plant is

certain to grow and to bring forth its fruit in from
nine to twelve months. In well ordered plantations
the trees are usually planted from 12 to 15 feet apart
in the form of squares. The Bananas are taken to
market, not unfrequently a distance of 20 miles, by
means of clumsy, springless drays and carts, upon
which thirty or forty bunches are indiscriminately
placed with some attempt at wrapping them in the
dried leaves of the plant, and are chafed and scarred
by the wheels of the vehicle and the weight of the
driver, who generally makes a comfortable perch for
himself on the top of the whole. These defects do
not present themselves until the fruit has been in the
ship's hold some days, when they result in unsightly
dark patches.

The total value of the green fruit imported into
New York in 1S82 was given as follows in the
Custom House returns in dollars : —

Omngcs and Lemons . . . . . . 770,601

Grapes .. .. .. ., .. 77,378

Pine-apples ?o.S22

Bananas ,. .. .. .. .. S3. 333

Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . 12,000

Cocoa-nuts 353.502

1,316,236

Or in round numbers, ,,^261,000. The miscellaneous
fruit in the last item comprised Limes, Shaddocks,
Mangoes, Grapefruit, Plantains, Sapodillas, Avocado
Pears, Guavas, and several other varieties not
specified. /". L. S.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

Mr. Burbidge sends us from Dublin flowers
of the three following plants : —

Crinum capense var. alba, a very striking
Cape bulb, with white Lily-like flowers. It is now
flowering freely in the open border.

Balsamita grandiflora. — A singular looking
herbaceous perennial with narrow jagged leaves, tall
erect fluted stems, bearing solitary button-like heads,

2 inches across, of numerous small yellow tubular
flowers.

TheropOGON pallidus. — An elegant Himalayan
or Khasyan plant, with long narrow leaves and erect
racemes of flowers, recalling those of the Lily
of the Valley (Convallaria majalis), but of a pinkish
colour ; very pretty and effective in arrangements of
cut flowers. It needs a cool house.

Fabiana imbricata. — When seen in pots this
handsome little shrub, as a rule, is far from
satisfactory. Hallowed a position against a wall in a
spot where it does not suffer from drought it makes a
beautiful object, producing a profusion of its lovely
snow-white blossoms during May and June, and even
in July. It is a native of Chili where it is found on
plains and along the sandy banks of rivers. It has
small Heath-like foliage, and the general habit of the
plant is that of a Tamarisk.

Dryas octopetala. — Few members of our native
flora make more desirable objects when allowed
a suitable place on the rockery on which to deve-
lope properly. The dense cushion formed by the
tufted branches clothed with tiny evergreen. Oak-like
leaves, the under-surfaces ef which are white, studded
with large white flowers, borne on stalks about

3 inches high, makes a very pretty picture. Under
very dissimilar conditions, too, it seems to thrive well,
and does not, in gardens at least, refuse to thrive if
not given chalk or limestone.

HOYA BELLA. — Although an old inhabitant of
our gardens, and almost of as frequent occurrence
as the familiar H. carnosa, this pretty species does
not flower so freely. Its cultivation seems easy
enough, and while it may be grown in a variety of
ways, either as an upright bush or trained to some
kind of support, the flowering period seems more or
less uncertain and capricious. When this does happen,
however, there is no more handsome or attractive
plant of its class. The flowers are produced in
umbellate clusters from the axils of the leaves, and
are of the purest white, with a starry central corona
of a waxy consistency, and purple colour. This corona
seems to give character and individuality to all the
Hoyas, as, indeed, to most of the Asclepiads, and is
usually of a different colour from the other parts of
the flower. The subject of this note is figured in the
Botanical Afa^aiine, t. 4402, and a flowering speci-
men trained on a piece of Tree Fern stem may be
seen in the stove at Kew.

88

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[July 19, 18

Royal Caledonian Horticultural. — The summer
show of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society was
held in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on Wednes-
day and Thursday, 9th and loth inst. As to the
quality of the exhibits, taken as a whole, it was up
to the average ; though the weather has been un-
favourable lor the growth of fine flowers, there was a
larger turn-out of stuff than has been seen in former
Julys, although when compared with the grand display
in April last there was a lack of what may be called
striking features. This in part may be accounted for
by the fact that the leading nurserymen have been more
concerned to make a favourable and imposing show at
the International Forestry Exhibition than at the more
ephemeral event in the Waverley market. Despite this,
the large area of the market looked exceedingy attractive,
viewed from either end, or from the galleries. Messrs.
Mitchell and McLeod displayed their now proverbial taste
for artistic grouping in the arrangement of the exhibits.

Primarily instituted for the encouragement of practical
gardeners, notice of the show ought to begin with the
classes set apart for gardeners and amateurs, whose
exhibits are arranged on the tables which span the side
aisles of the market. First of all come the tables of
plants arranged for effect, and here Mr. R. Grossart, with a
collection so admirably set out, and his plants in them-
selves so beautiful, was awarded a ist prize. On this
occasion he wisely eschewed overcrowding his table with
plants, and the result was more artistic and more striking
than attained by him at any previous show. From the
centre of a compact bank of Adiantums edged with
Panicum variegatum there rose a number of handsome
table Palms and Crotons, and these formed a foil to a
handsome collection of Orchids and dwarf Crotons. Mr.
J. Paterson, Millbank, took his wonted place as ist for
six stove or greenhouse plants in flower, all finished in
first-class style, and showing a profusion of bloom
worthy of his repute. His lot included a fine Statice
profusa, a couple of grand Ericas — E. Shannoni and E.
BothweUiana ; Aphelexis spectabilis, a nicely flowered
Anthuriura Scherzerianum, and a Dracophyllum gracile.
There was competition for the prize for three stove or
greenhouse plants, though the quality was not up to
much, except in the first lot shown by Mr. R. Johnston,
Woolmet, whose Statice and Erica e.ximea were really
well done. Foliage plants were as a class usually good
both as to size and method of growth, but they do not call
for special detailed comment. The table of Orchids was
unusually attractive, and commanded much attention
from visitors. Mr. A. Gow, Perth, came here to the iront
with a quartette, which did him infinite credit, viz., Catt-
leya superba splendens, in rare flower ; C. gigas, Odon-
toglossum Uro-Skinneri, and Oncidium raacranthum,
a beautiful plant ; Mr. R. Grossart had to be content
with 2d place. Mr. A. Low beat Mr. J. Paterson for
the best two Orchids. Mr. Paterson was, however,
unapproachable for Cape Heaths, which he showed to
perfection in both the lots of four and one ; while Mr.
George Mackinnon name ist in one pair with two admir-
ably flowered ventricosas — BothweUiana and rosea. If
former exhibitors of exotic Ferns were missed, the plants
forward could not be complained of, Mr. Shiach's collec-
tion from Lauriston Castle being staged in the finest and
freshest condition, though they were not so large as the
specimens we were accustomed to see from Canonmills
Lodge. Mr. Graham's Adiantums were both large,
compact, and rich in colour. The Lycopods were also
very good. We have seen both a larger and a finer
display of Pelargonium, while it must also be admitted
that the Fuchsias were neither so striking nor so well
done as was the case some years ago.

The plants for table decoration were good, and exhibit
a growing taste for quiet and graceful yet open growth^
desiderata at a dinner-table, where the guests expect to
see each other and engage in the art of conversation
without the necessity of straining their necks round
a tolerably sized bush. There were a few good pots of
Carnations, some attractive Calceolarias and Gloxinias,
and a really handsome collection of alpine plants from
Wardie.

Of the cut flowers it may be said that the recent trying
weather declared itself in some respects, though the ist
prize stands of Roses were really creditable. Mr. W. Par-
lane secured the Dickson prize for thirty-six blooms with
a lot selected with judgment and staged with care. Mr.
Richardson's 2d prize three dozen were large and loose
in form, nor could high encomiums be passed on Mr.
Kirk's 3d prize lot, but the latter gentleman came
markedly to the front in the contest for the best twenty-
four, which for beauty of form and purity of colour were
by far the sweetest, Mr. J. Kidd's dozen were handsome
and equal in size, the latter excellence being absent from
Mr. Cocker's lot, while Mr. W. Gourlay's ist prize dozen
of Mar^chal Niels was equal to anything in the hall for
quality and colour.

Fruit. — Considering the season the fruit may be de-
scribed as good, though there was not a large quantity
tabled. Mr. W. McKelvie, Broxmouth, had nothing to

fear in the collection which he submitted, embracing, as
it did, two very nice and richly coloured Melons, a plate
of Violette Hative Nectarines, two inviting plates of
Peaches, the Royal George being especially luscious and
large ; a Pine, a dish of Strawberries, and two bunches
of Buckland Sweetwater Grapes — the latter, though
good in bunch and berry, being, however, hardly ripe.
The Pine-apples were all good, and the handsome spe-
cimen awarded ist prize to Mr. J. Morrison deserved its
place. We have seldom at any season seen finer Iruit
than that with which Mr. T. Boyd secured the ist pre-
mium for four bunches of Grapes. The Black Ham-
burghs formed a large though not particularly neat
bunch, but they were thoroughly ripe, and covered
with an unbroken rich bloom. The bunch of
Madresfield Court was very handsome, and beautifully
finished, while the two bunches of Waltham Cross
were a picture in the rich golden colour and size
of their luscious elongated berries ; 2d prize fell to Mr.
George Mackinnon, Melville Castle. His Black Ham-
burghs were small but exceedingly well finished, while
the Waltham Cross were very far from ripe. For a
couple of bunches of Black Hamburghs the veteran
prize-taker, Mr. George Johnston, Glamis Castle, occu-
pied his wonted position— his bunches being large, well-
shaped, though lacking in the deUcate bloom of the
Falkirk specimens. Mr. Mackinnon's pair were un-
equal— one being, however, better finished than the ist
prize lot. Mr. Boyd again was ist for any other sort of
black Grape with two bunches of Madresfield Court, whose
size, shape, and finish were deemed perfecdon. Mr.
Morison's 2d prize pair were Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
excellent in size of berry and of bunch, but unripe. Mr.
Mackinnon's Peaches distanced competition for size,
ripeness, and flavour, while Mr. Young's Nectarines of
the Elruge variety were, both as to colour and ripeness, by
far the best. The Figs formed the closest tie, all the
lots being excellent ; and of the Cherries it may be said
that the purple-black Early Rivers, shown by Mr.
W. Murray, could not be approached. Messrs. Lamont
& Son, The Glen Nurseries, swept the board in the
Strawberry classes, and it would be difficult to say which
of the following varieties were best : — President, Sir
Joseph Paxton, J. Veitch, and Duke of Edinburgh —
except that the latter must bear the Palm for richness of
colour. There was a large display of vegetables.

Although the show is not so much indebted to nursery-
men as some former ones, yet without their contributions
there would have been a comparatively meagre display,
especially of the large stuff which is so much needed to
set out the vast space of the hall. For the eighth time
in succession Messrs. Ireland & Thomson secvued the ist
prize for a table of plants, 40 feet by 10 feet. The
arrangement was strikingly effective, showing a har-
monious scheme of colour and a plan which, while
eschewing a foot-rule uniformity, was yet far from care-
lessly irregular. A graceful Date Palm formed the centre,
flanked by two handsome Crotons — Queen Victoria and
Baroness Rothschild — while the other prominent plants
were Ixoras and Drac^nas, the latter including a fine
specimen of the new Lindeni, with a beautiful white and
hght green variegation. Amidst an assortment of green-
house plants, such as Roses, Pelargoniums, were found
such Crotons as Thomsoni, one of the most effec-
tive of this type of plants ; Heaths, the white
variegated Ficus elastica, Anthurium Scherzerianum
Knightii — sent out last year, and with brilliant scarlet
flowers 10 inches long, &c. But the great value and
attraction of the collection consisted in the Orchids
and Nepenthes, for which the firm is famous. These in-
cluded Nepenthes Mastersiana, a grand plant with richly
coloured pitchers g inches long and 2^ inches broad,
and Cephalotus foUicularis with neat lid-covering and
pitchers of a rich green colour spotted with purple.
The same firm came ist for Dracaenas and table plants,
while Messrs. Laird & Sons occupied the premier place
for Palms ; Messrs. J. Methven & Sons for Tree Ferns,
and Mr. Robertson Munro for herbaceous plants and
alpines. Messrs. Laird & Sons furnished a handsome
table with a useful collection of Palms, Yuccas, Roses,
Pelargoniums, and Ixoras ; and the simple elegance
of the table decorated by Messrs. J. Methven &
Sons won for it much admiration. Nfessrs. Cunning-
ham, Eraser & Co. had also a very effectively furnished
table. The east end of the hall was allotted to Messrs.
Dicksons & Co., whose artistically arranged collection
embraced a noble specimen of Eucharisamazonica, laden
with its lovely white flowers, a large assortment of New
Zealand Flax, Yuccas, and florists' flowers ad lib. The
same firm also showed Acer Hookerianum, a new Indian
Maple with leaves brown when grown in the open air,
and a pale green when cultivated under glass.

In the cut flower department the Roses were, of
course, the great attraction, and here Mr. Hugh Dickson,
Belfast, all but swept the board, though in at least one
class Mr. T. Smith, Stranraer, might without favour have
been placed equal. The Tea Roses were also very
fine, and here Mr. J. Bryson was 2d to Mr. Dickson.
Mr. Dickson beat Mr. Smith in the dozen trusses of
Roses, to our thinking more from the excellent taste in
arrangement than for superior excellence of flowers ;
but there could be no question as to the higher merit of
the Belfast Mar^chal Niels. The Gloire de Dijons to
which ist prize was given came from the Aberdeen
Nursery of Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, and here Mr,
Dickson had to lower his colours, the North Country
Roses being of finer form and quite as good in colour as
those from the North of Ireland. I\n attractive lot,
because of the taste with which they were made up, were
the buttonhole bouquets of Roses for which the pre-
mium was awarded to Mr. J. Thomson, Edinburgh.
With the exception of the cut stove flowers shown by
Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, and for which the ist prize
was given, nothing else in the cut flowers calls for
special mention. Correspondent.

Ealing, Acton and Hanwell Horticultural :
July 9. — Under unusually pleasant weather auspices, the
twentieth summer show of this first-class metropolitan
society was held in the charming park attached to Manor
House, the residence of the President, the Right Hon.
S. Walpole, and which lies adjacent to the most populous
parts of Ealing. Not only was the show Hterally the
largest the Society has yet held, the huge tents provided
being throughout well filled, but it was the most largely
attended, for the visitors exceeded all previous experience,
and thus paid a tribute, not only to the exhibition as a
local institution, but also to horticulture in its widest
aspects. The arrangements throughout were excellent,
and in the production of good effects cannot be too
highly praised, indeed the Ealing show presents con-
clusive proof that the best road to success is found in
placing the management of similar bodies in thorough
practical hands. The groups of plants sent for exhibi-
tion but not in competition are always good at this show
and merit premier mention, because of the kindness
shown by the senders. Of these none could well be more
meritorious than was the splendid group of hardy orna-
mental and variegated trees and shrubs sent by Messrs.
C. Lee & Sons, from their Isleworth nurseries. This
was the finest bank they have yet made, and to the
elements of which we have previously often referred. It
need hardly be said that here it proved to be one of
the great attractions of the show.

Messrs. John Laing & Co., Forest Hill, sent a group
of their superb Begonias in grand form, which, in-
termixed with various ornamental plants, naturally
elicited admiration. Messrs. Fromow & Sons arranged
one of their high-class decorative plant groups with
that refined taste for which this firm has become
conspicuous. Mr. Roberts sent from Gunnersbury Park
a superb lot of plants, amongst which very striking,
because of rich colouring, were several plants full of
bloom of the hybrid Napoleon Pink. Evidently this is
as fine for pot-work as it is good in the open ground.
Ericas, Aphelexis, herbaceous Calceolarias in variety,
and many other good things were found in this group.
Messrs. Veitch & Sons and C. Lee & Sons put up each
a fine bank of cut Roses, all singularly fresh and beauti-
ful. Why these firms do not enter into the various Rose
competitions we cannot understand, but certainly their
flowers are always of a high-class order.

Turning now to the competitive classes, decorative
groups take the first place, and in the larger of these Mr.
Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill,
came ist, with a very gay and pleasing arrangement,
though square fronts are seldom so much admired as
circular ones. Mr. Chadwick had some superb Lilium
auratums in his group that were much admired. Mr.
Smith, gr. to T. Nye, Esq., Ealing, was 2d, with a very
pretty arrangement, in which some fine Gloxinias told
well ; and Mr. Fountain, gr. to Miss Wood, Hanger
Hill, was 3d. In the smaller groups, of which there were
many, the best, a very charming arrangement, was
placed by Mr. Fulford, gr. to J. Boosey, Esq., Acton ;
whilst Mr. Sutton, gr. to Mrs. Wilkinson, of EaUng,
had one that, if less light, was exceedingly gay.

In the specimen plant classes Mr. Hudson, gr. to H.
J. Atkinson, Esq., Gunnersbury House, was, as usual,
a powerful exhibitor, and in the class for six foliaged
plants had a grand Croton Weismanni, very finely
coloured ; Dracasna Youngii, a large and exceedingly
handsome piece of Asparagus plumosus, and fine Palms.
Mr. Chadwick was 2d in this class, with fine Latania
borbonica, good Crotons, Pandanus Veitchii, &c. The
best six Ferns came from Mr. Hudson, who had huge
Davallia bullata, Gleichenia Mendeli, a splendid Tham-
nopteris australasica, and others ; Mr. Smith came 2d,
with some very handsome fresh DavaUias, Adiantums,
&c. With stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Chadwick
took the honours, having good specimens of Vinca
oculata, Allamanda Hendersoni, Cissus discolor, Croton
variegatus, t&c. ; and in another class for six plants in
flower the same exhibitor was also ist, with a richly
flowered Erylhrina Crista-galli, Bougainvillea glabra,
and other good things.

In smaller classes the competition was good, indeed,
the four Ferns sent by Mr. Fulford, from Acton, were
first-rate. The best specimen plant in flower was a fine
piece of Brassia verrucosa, carrying ten large racemes of
curiously formed flowers : this was sent by Mr. Cope-
stake, gr. to W. Roebuck, Esq., Acton. The best
specimen Fuchsia came from Mr. Wright, gr. to G. P.
Greenfield, Esq., Hanwell, whose pyramid Charming
was first-rate. In the single specimen foliage plants Mr.
Hudson was unbeatable, with his monster Gleichenia
flabellata. Mr. Wright had the best four Fuchsias— good
plants of Arabella, Avalanche, Brigade, and Mrs. Mar-
shall ; and also the best six Gloxinias, the which were
largely shown. Mr. Wright's plants were not only finely
grown, but the trusses were of great excellence. Smaller
but beautifully flowered plants came also from Hanwell,
sent by Mr. Robinson, gr. to J. Harris, Esq. Begonias,
zonal Pelargoniums, Balsams, Cockscombs, Colcus, and
many other favourite summer plants were all well shown.

Amongst cut flowers the open class for twenty-four
Roses, in threes, in which trade growers compete, always
proves a great attraction. Messrs. Paul & Son, of
Cheshunt, Mr. C. Turner, of Slough, and Mr, W.
Runisey, Waltham Cross, were the exhibitors, taking
the excellent prizes in the order named. It is enough
to say that their flowers were well worthy these growers'
reputations, and were singularly fresli and attractive.
In the open classes for twelve Teas, Messrs. Paul ^1- Son
were again ist, having Madame Cusin, an exquisite rosy-
coloured flower ; Mons. Van Houtte, Catherine Mermet,
Comtesse de Nadaillac, and Souvenir d'EIise Vardon,
in beautiful form ; Mr. Rumsey came 2d, and Mr.
Turner 3d. Mr. Howard Hayward, of Ealing, proved
invincible in the local classes, carrying off a challenge
cup for the best twelve blooms, which becomes his

Juiy 19, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

89

property finally, and a second cup, of which he becomes
the possessor for a year, with other twelve blooms ; also
taking the ist prize in the class for six blooms. Mr.
F'ulford had the best twelve bunches of cut flowers,
which included the curious Stanhopea tigrina and other
gold things. Mr. Hudson came 2d, also wiili some
ocellent kinds. Hardy flowers in bunches, show and
zonal Pelargoniums, Sweet Williams, Antirrhinums, and
many other popular flowi^rs, were well shown. Table
demrntion^. all arranged and judged by ladies, were
naturally very attractive to visitors : and tliree stands
put up by Mjs- Hudson, not for competition ; a liuge
bouquet ot Miss Joliffe Pink, arranged by Mrs. H. B.
Smith ; and a lovely basket of Roses and other cut
flowers put up by a local lady proved to be the most
attractive features.

Fkuit proved to be a strong feature, and Mr. Hudson's
collection of si.x dishes would have taken considerable
belling. He had very fine Black Hamburgh and Fos-
ter's Seedling Grapes, Queen Pine, Lord Napier Nec-
tarines, Black Circassian Cherries, and scarlet-flesh
Melon. Mr. Chadwick was 2d with good samples.
With two bunches of black Grapes Mr. Hudson was ist
with fine Madresfield Court, and in the class lor whites
Mr. Baird, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq., Ealing, was best,
uith hne Duke of Buccleuch and Buckland Sweetwater.
Mr. Hudson had superb Bigarreau Napoleon and Black
Circassian Cherries; Mr. Fulford fine Dr. Hogg and
Eleanor Strawberries, and the ist prize also with James
V'eilch in the single dish class. The best Melon, a hybrid
scarlet, and the best Nectarines in very rich-coloured
Lord Napier, were Mr. Hudson's. There was a large
competition for Messrs. Jfcs. Carter & Co.'s prizes lor
Peas, the best and second best dishes coming from
William Farndon and John Farndon, both cottagers,
the samples being excellent. Mr. Wright had the best
dish of Hooper's Earhest of All Potato— a variety closely
resembling Early Rose. Vegetables were fairly good,
and plentifully shown. The best dish of kidneys in the
show was Midsummer Kidney, well shown by Mr.
Chadwick ; and Mr. Weedon easily took the ist prize in
the Cucumber class with a beautiful brace of his Best of
All, deep in colour, and carrying a good coat of bloom.
'I he single-handed gardeners", amateurs', and cottagers'
classes were well filled, and made a big show in them-
selves. The cottagers' products— always in great force
at Ealing — were hardly so fine as usual, but the com-
petition was none the less remarkable, their entries alone
exceeding 300 in number in the various classes, although
that figure is below the average oJ good seasons.

Highgate Horticultural : July 10.— This So-
ciety has now been in existence twenty-five years ; how
it has grown, and the sphere of its usefulness extended,
may be understood by the simple fact that the entries at
the first show, a quarter of a century back, numbered.
we believe, about seventy ; on the present occasion they
were over 700. The show was held in the grounds at
Caen Wood Towers, Mr. Reckitfs beautiful place on the
south-western side of Highgate, which, for its command-
ing position and lovely surroundings, would be difficult
to surpass within any reasonable distance of London,
which, so far as appearance on the spot is concerned,
might be 50 miles away. The e.vhibition was quite
equal to the average of late years both in extent and in
the quality of the exhibits ; this especially apphes to
flowering plants, which were more numerous and in
better condition than usual, giving a brighter appearance
to the display. Here, as at mostexhibilionsin recent times,
groups of plants in which effective arrangement is the
first essential, formed one of the leading features ; these
occupied the whole of one side of a very large tent ; the
President's prizes (F. Reckett. Esq.). given for ist and 2d
in this competition, were taken by Mr. Brooks, gr. to W.
Reynolds, Esq., and Mr. Witty, in the order named,
both having fairly arrangedexhibits. Intheclassforgroups
confined to 40 feet square, the prizes, also offered by the
President. Mr. T. Smith took the ist, and Mr. Howlett
the 2d. For the group of plants arranged in a space 9
feet by 6 (prizes offered by Mrs. Stedall), Mr. Aldous,
gr. to G. Heriot, Esq., took the lead with the best
arrangement of this kind in the show, form and colour
in the materials used being well balanced ; 2d, Mr.
Archer, gr. to J. J. Griffin, Esq. The Treasurer's
prize for six Ericas was taken by Mr. Eason, gr.
to B. Noakes, Esq., with a nicely flowered half-
dozen. Mr. Law's prizes for six Tuberous
Begonias, were awarded to Mr. Osborne,
gr. to J. N. Mappin, Esq., and Mr. Tong, both showing
nicely flowered examples. In the class for six Palms
(prizes offered by W. Reynolds, Esq.,) Mr. Archer was
ist, and Mr. Osborne 2d. For six Adiantums (prizes
offered by B. Noakes, Esq.). Mr. Osborne was well in
front, showing well managed, medium-sized examples ;
2d, Mr. Burnett, gr. to R. D. Littler, Esq. With six
stove and greenhouse plants. Mr. Osborne took the lead,
staging a creditable half dozen, amongst which were
Erica ferruginea, E. depressa. Bougainvillea glabra, and
Rhynchospermum jasminoides. nicely bloomed ; 2d. Mr.
Eason. who. with others had nice examples of Erica
Ailoniana superba, and E. tricolor profusa. Four stove
and greenhouse plants. — ist, Mr. Burnett, whose best
examples were Kalosanthes coccinea, and Eucharis
amazonica with some fifteen spikes of bloom. For a single
stove or greenhouse plant in flower Mr. Osborne came in
1st and Mr. Eason 2d.

In the class for six fine-foliaged plants Mr. Aldous was
1st. with medium-sized examples, the best of which were
Cocos Weddelliana, Alocasia metallica, and Croton
Prince of Wales ; 2d. Mr. Eason. Four fine-foliaged
plants.— With these Mr. Osborne was well in front ; 2d,
Mr. Burnett. Single specimen foliaged plant.— ist. Mr.
Burnett, with a very good plant of Chamasrops hurailis ;
2d, Mr. Archer.

Ferns were in nice condition, most of the exhibitors
confining their collections principally to low-growing
species, which is a step in the right direction, as the tree
kinds not unusu.illy are too much represented. With six
Mr. Burnett had 1st, showing in a pretty lot a fine speci-
men of Lygodium scandens that densely covered a
cylinder-shaped trellis ; 2d, Mr. Archer. Four Ferns. —
1st. Mr. Eason ; 2d. Mr. Shepherd. Selaginellas were
contributed by Mr. Osborne, who took the lead in the
diss for six, closely followed by Mr. Theobald, gr. to A.
Goslett. Esq.

Orchids.— With six Mr. Aldous was well in front,
with nicely bloomed examples of Dendrobium Dearei,

D. suavissimum, Odontoglossum vexillarium, Cypripe-
dium Lowii, Masdevallia Harryana, and Aerides odora-
tum ; 2d, Mr. Birse, gr. to J. H. Lermitte, Esq., who
had very good dark and light-coloured varieties of Odon-
toglossum vexillarium. Cypripedium Stonei, Masdevallia
Harryana, Cattleya Mossire. and the now seldom seen
Stanhopea tigrina ; 3d, Mr. Tonge. Single Orchid. —
1st, Mr. Aldous. with a good specimen of Dendrobium
suavissimum, bearing fourteen spikes of flowers ; Mr.
Birse, who was 2d, had a well bloomed Odontoglos-
sum ve.xillarium ; 3d. Mr. Eason, with Cypripedium
Sedeni.

Fuchsias were nicely shown, full of flower, and well
clothed with foliage, Mr. Burnett being ist, with six ;
Mr. Eason 2d. Four. — ist, Mr. Shepherd ; 2d, Mr.
Brooks. Pelargoniums of the ordinary show kinds were
nicely staged by Mr. Osborne, who was ist for six ; 2d,
Mr. Burnett. Zonal Pelargoniums were well flowered,
not so large as sometimes seen, and none the worse lor
that. With six, Mr. Eason took the lead, Mr. Shepherd
being 2d. Gloxinias were in beautiful order, Mr. Kent,
gr. to J. Lane, Esq., having ist honours for six ; Mr.
Brooks 2d. Six Achimenes. — ist, Mr. Eason ; 2d, Mr.
Tonge. Caladiums. — ist, Mr. Aldous.

Petunias, shown in si.xes, were well flowered and effec-
tive, Mr. Brooks taking ist, Mr. Shepherd 2d.
Coleus, as usual, were very telling, their bright colours
coming out well amongst the more sombre foliage of
other plants. Mr. Brooks was ist with a nicely managed
half-dozen ; 2d, Mr. Burnett. In the class for six mis-
cellaneous greenhouse plants, Mr. Shepherd had ist
honours, staging, amongst others, a nice specimen of
Plumbago capensis ; 2d, Mr. Rowson, gr. to R. Parkin-
son, Esq. Table plants of the right size and character
were shown by Mr. Eason and Mr. Aldous, who were
respectively ist and 2d for three.

Cut Flowers. — Of these there were, as usual here,
a large quantity. Table decorations in three pieces,
with or without fruit. — In this class several nice arrange-
ments were shown, the 1st prize going to three small
stands with a few flowers, confined to few colours,
loosely put together, with Ferns and grasses, quite a con-
trast to the over-done groups often met with ; these were
shown by Mr. Atkins— Mr. Theobald and Mr. Wilkin-
son, gr. to W. W. Webster. Esq., being 2d and 3d.
With twenty-four ^bunches of cut flowers Mr. Kent, gr.
to J. Lane, Esq., was ist, with a tastefully arranged
collection ; 2d. Mr. Eason ; 3d, Mr. Wilkinson. Twelve
bunches of cut flowers. — 1st, Mr. Osborne ; 2d, Mr.
Brooks. Mr. McKinley. gr. to C. Wright, Esq., was a
long way ist in the class lor bouquets, showing an ex-
cellent example, very opposite in character to the closely
packed masses frequently seen ; the flowers of which it
was composed were alike suitable in form and colour ;
2d, Mr. Brooks. Roses were not equal to what we have
seen them here before. For twenty-four, Mr. Theobald
had ist, Mr. Eason zd. Twelve ^Roses. — ist, Mr.
Osborne ; 2d, Mr. Aldous.

Fruit was nicely shown, and in considerable quanti-
ties. With six dishes Mr. Theobald took the lead,
staging Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, a Melon, and Strawberries
collectively, in good condition ; 2d, Mr. Wilkinson, with
three bunches of Black Grapes. Mr. Birse was 1st with
well finished bunches of good even berries ; 2d, Mr.
Silvester, gr. to J. Abethell. Esq., who had good
examples, a little smaller in bunch and berry. Three
bunches of white Grapes. — 1st. Mr. Calvef-t, gr. to
J. Kent, Esq. ; 2d, Mr. Theobald, both showing Muscat
of Alexandria. Dish of Peaches. — ist, Mr. Sparkes, gr.
to Sir S. H. Waterlow, with beautiful examples ; 2d,
Mr. Birse. Dish of Nectarines. — ist, Mr. Birse ; 2d,
Mr. Theobald. Melon. — ist, Mr. Kent ; 2d, Mr.
Agate. Two dishes ot Strawberries.— ist. Mr. Brooks.
Single dishes of Strawberries. — ist, Mr. Theobald ; 2d,
Mr. Osborne.

Vegetables were well and plentifully shown. With a
collection Mr. Agate was ist, Mr. Cowlf-s. gr. to

E. Fox, Esq., 2d ; Mr. Wilkinson 3d. This Society
was originally estabhshed, we understand, with a view
to encourage gardening amongst the cottagers in the
district, and which laudable object the promoters have
all along kept steadily in view. How they have suc-
ceeded the display annually present in the large tent,
always filled to overflowing with vegetables, hardy
fruit, flowers, window plants, window-boxes, herbs, &c.,
grown by cottagers who are bona fide labourers or
mechanics, either in the gardens attached to their homes,
or in allotments, give ample proof, for not only is the
produce from this class of growers annually brought
together remarkable for its extent and variety, but
equally so for its general excellence. To those ac-
quainted with the difficulties which this class of growers
especially labour under so near London, a sight of the
display at Highgate cannot fail to cause surprise.

Mr. B. S. VVilliams staged, not for competition, a
handsome group of plants of a miscellaneous description,
including Orchids, flowering stove and greenhouse
plants. Palms, Nepenthes, Sarracenias, Ferns, and other

fine-leaved kinds. Messrs. Cutbush likewise had a
nicely arranged, effective group, comprising Heaths and
various haid-wooded plants, flowering and fine-leaved,
with others of a hardy description, along with several
boxes of Roses in good condition.

Edinburgh Botanical : Ju!y 10.— The Society
met in the class-room, Royal Bo'.anic Garden, W. B.
Boyd, Esq., President, in the chair.

'rhe Society voted a donation of lo guineas to the
funds of the International Forestry Extubuiun.

The following papers were read : —

I. "The May Island; its .Archreology ; its Algoid
Flora ; its Phanerogams and higher Cryptogams, with ex-
hibition of specimens." By John Rattray, M.A., B.Sc.

II. "Note on the Algre of Grantou Quarry, with
Microscopic Demonstration of the Fructification of
several species of Algas." By John Rattray, M. A., B.Sc,

III. "On the Progress of Open-air Vegetation at the
Royal Botanic Garden." By Robert Lindsay, Curator.

' ' During the past month outdoor vegetation has
been very much retarded, owing to the extreme
drought which prevailed. There were twenty-three
dry days. Slight showers of rain fell on seven days,
viz., ihe 5th, 6th. 13th, 22d, 23d, 24lh, and 29ih.
The lowest night temperature for June was 42*. on the
nights of the 7th and 9th ; the highest, 53^ on the 29th.
The lowest day temperature was 56"^. which occurred on
the 5th ; and the highest, So°. on the 28th. In conse-
quence of the want of rain, along with the mildness of
the past winter, aphides, caterpillars, and other insect
pests have been very numerous and destructive. Beech,
Elm. Holly, Gooseberry and Currant are much infested
by them ; Roses, however, are tolerably clc-an and well
budded. Late varieties of Rhododendron and Azalea
have been inferior this season, the heads of flower were
small and of short duration. All late transplanted trees
and shrubs have suffered severely from drought. Most
coniferous plants, Piceas. Abies, and Cedrus in parti-
cular, have developed fine healthy shoots. The golden
variegated forms of Biota, Retinospora, Cupressus, and
Taxus have coloured extremely well and are very bright
and effective mixed with the green forms. The hot, dry
weather appears to have suited their requirements very
well. In the rock garden 346 species and varieties of
dwarf-growing herbaceous and alpine plants came into
flower during the month, making a total of 797 for the
season, as compared with 701 at corresponding date last
year. The following were amongst thoss which flowered

Acantholimon glumaceuni
Allium MacNabiauum
Aodrosace lanuginosa
Cacalia alpina
Calceolaria Kellyana
Caihcartia villosa
Celtnisia spectabilis
Cypripedium spectabile
Dianthus alpinus
Krodmm niacrodenuni

,, nianescavi
Edraianlhus pumiliorum
Fritillaria kamtschatica
(Taultheria carnea
Gentiaua lulea

,, orn.-ua

,, sepiemfida cotdilolia
Hedysarum obscuium

Houstonia serpyllifolia
Hypoxis erecta
Liiiaria hepaticaefolia
Mtcouop'-is Wallichii

,, ,, fiiscopurpurea
Ononis rotundifoiia
Orchis folioba

,, macuUta superba
Oxytropis utalcnsis
Papiver aipinum
Pelrocoptis Lagascana
Polemonium liumile
Rodgersia podophylla
Rosa pyrenaica
Kaymondia pyrenaica
Silene alpestns
Vicia argODtea

„ villosus

Since the present month began a copious supply of
rain has fallen, which has done much good, not only in
moistening the soil, but in cleansing the leaves of trees
and shrubs and other plants infested with insects."

IV. " Report on Temperature, Vegetation, &c. , in the
Botanic Garden, Glasgow, June, 1844." By Robert
BuUen, Curator.

"The lowest temperature registered during the month
was 36°, during the night of the 8th ; the highest 5;6°,
during the night of the 28th. The lowest day tempera-
ture in the shade was 49°, on the 5th ; the highest, 79°,
on the 28th, on which day 113'* were registered in the sun.
On the 17th 107'' were registered. The dry weather
recorded during the latter part of last month has been
continued ; bright sunny days have been general ; the
few slight showers which have fallen are barely worth
recording, consequently have been of little benefit to
vegetation. Burns 'or brooks have been dried up in
many places, and farm and garden crops have suffered
to some extent, Turnips expecially so ; but there is a
prospect of a very early and, in some districts, an abun-
dant harvest ; in others cereals are both stunted and
scant. Generally spring-sown seeds, particularly those
of annuals, germinated badly, and what few did grow
have in many instances been forced into bloom prema-
turely. Few hardy trees and shrubs have flowered well
this season ; but the hardier kinds of herbaceous plants
have bloomed earlier and more prolific than usual.
Deaths, however, have been numerous amongst tliose
transplanted during the spring months."

V. Miscellaneous contributions. — Mr. Tayler exhi-
bited a sample bag of Coffee, sent by Mr, John
Buchanan, Zomba, East Africa, which was of excellent
quality and free from disease. It represented a crop of
10 acres. Three years ago a single plant had been sent
to the Blantyre Mission Station, from the Edinburgh
Botanic Garden, and now there were 23.000 plants in
thejdistrict. A Tea plant sent from the same source had
not thriven with Mr. Buchanan, but Vines were growing
capitally.

Dr. Sanderson, Treasurer of the Scottish Meteoro-
logical Society, sent through Mr. Buchan, for exhibition,
a fine specimen of Saxifraga stellaris transmitted by Mr.
Miller, the second assistant at the Ben Nevis observatory,
which he had picked up on the top of the Ben on the
6th inst. A large well grown moth was caught at the
same lime.

90

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 1SS4.

The following plants were exhibited in pots from the
garden : —

Pratia an gu lata
Momordica balsamina
Hydrangea quercifclia
Siiene quadridentata
Campanula hederacea
Sedum sempervivum
Primula fljiibunda

Campanula barbata
Allium MacNdbianum
Bracliycome Siuclairii
Primula capitata
Papaver nudicaule fl.-pl.
PoleotiUa nitida rosea, &c,
Anagallis tenetla, &c.

The President showed ripe fruit of Rubus antarcticus,
grown in his garden at Faldonside, Melrose. This form
never fails to produce fruit in abundance..

Woodbridge Horticultural. — This Society held
its annual fi-te on July 10, in the Abbey grounds, which
are immediately contiguous to the town, and therefore
well situated for meetings of this kind, as is proved by the
great concourse of people that always assemble on such
occasions ; and though the show every year comes off in
the same place, the visitors never seem to tire, but attend
in increasing numbers, as they can always count on
having plenty to see in the tents. Good as the exhi-
bition was on this last occasion, there was a great
falling off from other years in the plant department, as
there were no contributions from Sudbourne Hall, the
estate having changed hands, but it is to be hoped that
the new owner will put in an appearance next year,
and that Mr. Collet, his gardener, wilt be as successful
as Mr. Bethell, who is now seeking a Iresh appoint-
ment. Although there was a somewhat meagre dis-
play of choice well grown plants, the long table
in the fruit tent was filled— Mr. Mill, Lord Rendle-
shara's able gardener, being the strongest and most
successful exhibitor, he having a superb collection, con-
taining magnificent Royal George Peaches and Pilmaston
Orange Xeciarines, both of which were not only un-
usually large, but of high colour. The Black Hamburgh
Grapes, White Marseilles Figs, British Queen Straw-
berries. Elton Cherries, and Melon, were also very fine ;
and Mr. Mill therefore had the honour of taking the
special prize offered by his noble employer ; the 2d,
given by Captain E. C. Moor, falling to the lot of Mr.
Fisher, gr. to Lord Waveney, of Flixton Hall, who
showed a handsome Golden Gem Melon. Muscat of
Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes, Figs, Peaches,
Nectarines, Cherries, and Strawberries. Mr. J. Best,
gr. to the Duke of Hamilton, had to be content with a
3d. although he had a highly meritorious colleclion, his
Black Hamburgh being line in berry and well coloured,
as were likewise his Buckland Sweetwater, Peaches and
Nectarines, and Emerald Gem Melon, For the best
four bunches of Grapes, two black and two white, Mr.
J. Best was ist, with large, well finished bunches of
Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling ; Mr. Fisher
coming in .^d, with Muscat of Alexandria and Black
Hamburgh. In the class for three bunches of one kind,
Mr. Fisher, gr. to Lord Waveney, was ist, and Mr.
Tebenham, gr. to Lady North, of Glenham, 2d — the last-
named gentleman coming in ist for the best three white.
In the class for Peaches, Mr. Mill outdistanced compe-
tition with six Royal George, which, for size and colour,
were more hke Barringtons, and therefore made the
others look small. The Pitmaston Orange Nectarines
contributed by Mr. Fisher, for which he took ist, were
very fine ; and Mr. Mill also had a capital dish of Lord
Napier, a Nectarine that is fast making its way, and is
decidedly the best for forcing. Of Melons there was a
good show, and the whole of the five prizes offered were
given for the same kind — Golden Perfection — which,
however, varied considerably in flesh, netting, and rind.
Strawberries were remarkably good, Mr. Mill, gr. to
Lord Rendlesham, taking ist for the best dish for flavour,
which prize he won with the fine old British Queen — the
" special," presented by G. Moor, Esq., for a collection,
being carried off by Mr. Tebenham, gr. to Lady North,
who had fine fruit of Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogj, James
Veitch, Lucas, Alice Maud, and Prince Imperial ;
the 2d falling to the lot of Mr. Cooper, gr. to Colonel
Long, of Hurt's Hall ; and the 3d to Mr. J. Best, gr. to
the Duke of Hamilton. Gooseberries were chiefly repre-
sented by the Golden Drop and Whitesmith, the latter
being one of the best, if not the best, of all the dessert
kmds. Currants, as is usual at Woodbridge, were fine,
neither black nor white showing any trace of aphis, that
have been so troublesome in nearly all gardens.

The dry season had evidently told on the vegetables,
as they were not so abundant and good as they are gene-
rally at Woodbridge, where there is usually a fine show,
especially of Potatos, which are evidently backward this
year ;i but the late rain will now help to swell them up
rapidly, if only the dreaded disease will keep off the
tops. The favourite with the judges among Broad Beans
appeared to be Daniels' Defiance, a very large, long-
podded kind, to which the ist prize was awarded ; and
among PeaS Stratagem took the lead, coming in before
Telephone and the old and well tried Ne Plus Ultra, one
of the best of all summer Peas. One good feature in the
Woodbridge show is the encouragement given to cot-
tagers, who fill a large tent with their productions, and if
they competed with gardeners would run them close.

In the plant department of the show the Orchids were
the chief feature, as though not contributed in quantity
those from Lord Rendlesham's garden were well grown
and flowered, Mr. Mill taking the prize for the best four,
consisting of Acrides odoralm, Anguloua Clowesii, Odon-
toglossum citrosmum, and a very fine pan of Epiden-
drum vitellinum majus.

In stove, greenhouse, and fine-foliaged plants the
Messrs. Gilbert, nurserymen, of Ipswich, had all pretty
much to themselves, and took ist for the best six in both
classes, and the same for a collection grouped in the best
taste in a space 12 by 4 feet. Fuchsias are always good
at Woodbridge so far as the plants are concerned, as
fine specimens are shown, but the growers still keep to

such old sorts as Venus de Medici, Rose of Castille,
Daniel Lambert, &c., which have been surpassed long
ago ; the last-named, however, is still a favourite with
many, as besides having large showy red flowers it
is of fine habit and soon makes a big plant. A Wood-
bridge show could hardly take place without Hydrangeas,
which are always to be seen there in excellent form, and
every shoot surmounted with a great head of bloom.
Zonal Pelargoniums, Petunias, Gloxinias, Cockscombs,
Achimenes, Verbenas, Begonias, and nearly all other
soft-wooded subjects are contributed in quantity, and as
these small classes bring in so many amateurs and small
growers, a big show is made up, and the tents are well
filled. It is the same again with cut flowers, as there are
classes for those wild from the fields and hedgerows, and
these, put up with the exquisite taste Miss Stidolph
always displays, hold their own for lightness and beauty
beside some of the choicest exotics. For the best and
most tastefully arranged device or table decoration, with
flowers and fruit combined, Mr. Palmer, gr. to Captain
Powell, was ist, but Mr. Mill ran him very close with
better fruit and choice Orchids, only losing the premier
position by the stand being more crowded and heavy,
thus obstructing the view across, otherwise the decision
would, no doubt, have been different. The show of cut
Roses, considering the lateness of the season and the
heat of the weather, was remarkably good, as would be
the case when such growers as the Cants of Colchester,
the Rev. H. A. Berners, Rev. H. C. Frere, Rev. F. L.
Hayward, and Mr. Palmer, of Drinkstone, put in an
appearance. In the class for twenty-four, open to all
England, Mr. B. R. Cant, of the Mile End Nursery,
was ist, and took the special prize presented by the town
of Woodbridge, the 2d falling to the lot of Mr. Frank
Cant, and the 3d to Mr. Palmer, of Drinkstone. Besides
the above noticed stands containing twenty-four there was
another with some very good flowers shown on a ground
of black velvet, which quite killed them, and showed at a
glance how very unsuitable it was compared with fresh
green moss, on which Rose blooms always look well, as
they appear cool and comfortable on such a damp
bed, and being of a neutral tint, like the foliage, there
is nothing to interfere with the colours. In the twelves,
the Rev. H. A. Berners, who has been showing
very strong this year, was 1st, with a nice even dozen.
The Rev. F. L. Hayward came in 2d. In the sixes
there were two or three of the finest blooms in the show,
the Reynolds Hole. Alfred Colomb, and Prince Arthur
being remarkable for stoutness of petals and colour.
The ist prize in this small class fell to Mr. James
Buxton, of Onehouse ; and the 2d to the Rev. H. A.
Berners, of Harkstead ; Mr. Fisher, of Flixton, taking 3d.
For the best twelve Teas the Rev. H. A. Berners was
1st, with a fine fresh-looking lot ; and Mr. Palmer, gr.
to Captain Powell, of Drinkstone, 2d. Next to the
Roses the herbaceous cut flowers came in for the
greatest share of attention, and well they deserved it, as
plants that afford them are among the most useful and
ornamental things any one can have in a garden ; and
it is very certain that they have a great future before
them. I n the collection of twenty-four the Messrs.
Gilbert, of Ipswich, were ist. The 2d prize was taken
by Mr. James Buxton, who had in his stand most of
the same kind of things. In the class for twelve Mr.
Cooper, gr. to Colonel Long, of Hurt's Hall, Sax-
mundham, was 1st, with a very fine lot ; and Mr. E.
Cox came in a good 2d. Cut zonal Pelargoniums made
a brilliant show, as both singles and doubles were exhi-
bited in quantity, and any seeing them could not fail to
notice the great progress that has been made in these
flowers of late, as their size has been more than doubled,
and the colours vastly improved.

Braintree and Becking Horticultural. — The
second annual show of this Society, of which Captain
Harrison is President, and Sydney Courtauld, Esq. ,
Treasurer, was held on July 10 in the grounds of Boleyne,
Bocking, the residence of Lieut. -Colonel S. G. Savill,
and in response to the 200 prizes offered by tlie Society,
supplemented by two Silver Cups given by Sydney
Courtauld, Esq., and Mrs. J. N. Harrison, and special
prizes by Mrs. S. Courtauld, Mrs. Parris, Mr. R. Parris,
Mr. R. W. Davis, and Mr. R. D. Sharpe, an excellent
display of good exhibits were brought together to
decorate the four large marquees produced for the pur-
pose. Many of the exhibits were far in advance of those
usually seen at local flower shows, among the best being
the eight fine, well-grown and profusely flowered stove
and greenhouse plants with which Mr. T. Harris,
nurseryman, of Chelmsford, took the .Silver Cup offered
by Sydney Courtauld. Esq. ; they were an even lot of
perfect plants, whicli the owner need not be ashamed to
stage at any show in the United Kingdom, They con-
sisted of Anthurium Scherzerianum, Phoenocoma pro-
lifera, Bougainvillea glabra, Erica Williamsii, Erica
remula, Statice profusa, Kalosanthes coccinea, and Alla-
manda Hendersoni. Mr. T. Harris' six foliage plants,
with which he took the Silver Cup offered by Mrs. J.
N. Harrison, and consisting of Crolon Andreanus, C.
<^ueen Victoria, Cycas revoluta, Theophrasta imperialis,
Cham:erops humilis, and Latania borbonica, were of the
first merit ; and so were his excellent group of Ferns, and
grand single specimen Anthurium Scherzerianum. The
collections of Coleus and Gloxinias brought by Mr.
Smoothy were also very excellent, and so were the
Caladiums (ist prize) staged by Mr. Everitt, gr. to
Mrs. Cawston, Folly House, Bocking. The prize
for plants arranged in a basket of 30 inches diameter,
brought forth a spirited competition, all the exhibits
being good. The 1st prize was awarded to that sent by
S, Courtauld, Esq., which was so tastefully arranged
and made up of such good plants that it would have
been difficult to have beaten it. The arrangement con-
tained Oncidium crispum, with branched spike over

3 feet ; Epidendrum vitellinum majus, with seven tpikes ;
Odontoglossum Alexandra;, eight flower-spikes; O.
vexillarium, several ; Oncidium raacranthuni, Masde-
vallia Harryana, M. Veitchiana, &c., arranged with
Maidenhair Ferns. The 2d prize basket, from Mr. Salt-
marsh, of Chelmsford, with some fine Lilium auraiim
in the centre, was also a good arrangement. The pr^e
for new or rare plants was won by Mr. S, Courtauld,
with a most extraordinary mass of Nanodes Mt-dusie,
well flowered. The cut flowers were well represented
in most of the classes, Roses being good gener;iily, but
particularly so those of Mr. W. Brown, of Braintree.
The Pelargoniums also, sent by Captain Harrison, of
Saling Grove, were also very fine. The fruit shown by
Mr, Soder, gr, at Holfield Grange ; Mr. Bishop, gr. to
S. Onley, Esq., Stisted Hall; and Mr. Pitcher, gr. to
E. Cooke, Esq., of Hatfield Peverill ; and the Straw-
berries shown by Mr. Clark, of Writtle, were excellent.
Table decorations consisted mainly of centrepieces, a
great many good exhibits being secured. A very effective
oval design, made up of plants in small pots and cut
flowers, surfaced with Selaginella. came from Mr.
Sydney Courtauld. and was much admired. The centre
plant was Dendrobium Dearei. with three spikes ; fifteen
spikes of Odontoglossum Alexandra, with a base of
Bougainvillea glabra, and an edge of netted leaved
Honeysuckle. The foliage was supplied by Nephrolepis
pectinata, Onychium japonicum, and Pteris cretica,
green and variegated ; and the whole made up a massive
piece, beautiful in effect, without in any way being cum-
bersome or obstructing the view across the table. The
vegetables and the cottagers' sections were well com-
peted in, and an interesting feature was added by the
Essex Bee Association having a tent on the ground, in
which bees and honey were displayed, and illustrations
of bee-driving given by Mr. W. Debenham, the expert
of the Society. A goodly company assembled to enjoy
the floral feast prepared for them.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LOi\DO.\
For the Week Ending Wednesday, Jl'i.v i6, 1883.

Hygrome-

trical De-

Barometer

Temperature of
THE Air.

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from
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July

In. I In. , ,
2Q 48 — o 34 74

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297S —0,07169.0

sg 71 — o II

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29.72 — o oc

2954 — e.27

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53.5 19.0,61.7
56.5 12.561.6
sS.o 24.0168.9
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57.0,14.0

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+ 0,858.2 84

— 0 6 52 9i 73

- o.8;58,4j 89|
■{■ 64 60.3 74
+ o.i|;4.3| 74^

+ 0.4
- o.f

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O.fl

July 10. — Heavy rain from 8.10 A.M. till 8 am. Fine day.
Rain from 5 r.M to 7 p.m.
-■ II. — Fine day and bright at times. Fine niglit, neaily
overcast.

— 12. — Plight rain falling nearly all day. Fine clear night.

— 13. — Very fine day and night.

— 14. — Fine bright morning. Dull afternoon and night.

— 15. — bhght ram falling in morning. Dull adernoon and

night.

— 16. — Rain falling in morning, fine and bright fiom 3 r.M.

Fine clear night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July I2, the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29. 9S inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.02 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 7th, decreased to 29.ijS inches by 3 p.m. on
the Slh, increased to 29,91 inches by midnight on the
same day, decreased to 29.62 inches by 3 p.m. on
the loih, increased to 29. 9S inches by 3 p.m. on the
I2lh, and was 29.94 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barnmeter for the week
at the level of the sea was 29. S6 inches, being 0.19
inch lower than last week, and 0.13 inch below the
average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 84°, on the Sih and 9th ;
the highest on the 12th was 69^ The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 75°.9.

The lowest temperature was 52". 5, on the Ilth;
on the 9th the lowest temperature was 62''. 5. The
mean of the seven low nif^hi temperatures was 56^.5.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
2S*', on the Slh ; the smallest was 12". 5, on the 12th.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 19°. 4.

The mean temperatures were — on the 6ih, 6i'*.3 ;
on the 7th, 64''.9; on the Slh, 70^S ; on the 9ih,

July io, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

91

70*.^; on the lolh, 74" ; on the iith» 6I^7; and
on the I2th, 6i".6 ; of these the 6th, nth, and I2th
we»e below their averages by 0*.3, o\6, and o'^.S
respectively ; the rest were above by 3^I, S°.S, S°.7,
and o°.S, respectively.

The hitjhest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 139°, on the Sih. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 1 22°. 4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on ^rass was 47% on the lith.
The mean of the seven readings was 50".!.

Kain. — Rain fell on four days, to the amount of
0.S9 inch, of which 0.56 inch fell on the loih.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
July 12 the highest temperatures were 85°. 9, at
Cambridge, 84°, at Blackhealh, S2°.4 at Nouing-
ham ; the highest at Sunderland was 7o^ at Ply-
mouth 71°. 2, and at Bolton 7i''.7. The general mean
was 76''.5.

The lowest temperatures in the week were 43* at
Truro, 46'.2 at Wolverhampton, 47°.3 at Plymouth ;
the lowest at Brighton was 56°, at Bradford 53°.6,
at Preston 53'. 5. The general mean was 50*. 7.

The greatest ranges were 35^9 at Cambridge,
32°.3 ai Nottingham, 3i°.5 at P.lackheath ; the
smallest ranges were iS° at Sunderland, 21° at Brad-
ford. 21". S at Brighton. The general mean was

25^s.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 7S°.2, at Blackhealh 75°. 9, at
Brighton 74°. 2 ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 66''.2,
at Plymouth 6%°.^, and at Bristol 6S".5. The general
mean was 71°. 4.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Preston, 59^1, at Brighton 57^.5, at Brad-
ford 57°. 2 ; and was lowest at Truro, 51°, at Wolver-
hampton 52°. 4, at Plymouth 53^ 9. The general
mean was 55^.3.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
24°. I, at Nottingham 20^9, at Blackhealh I9^4;
and was least at Sunderland, n", at Preston ii^.S,
at Bradford I2*.S. The general mean was 16°. i.

The mean temperature was highest at Cambridge,
64°.2, at Brighton 63^.9, at Nottingham and Preston
63'. I ; and was lowest at Truro, 5Ji''.4, at Sunderland
5S°.S, at Plymouth 59'.2. The general mean was

6^^5■

Rai7i. — The largest fall was 3.59 inches, at Leeds,
of which 1.72 inches fell on the loih, and 1.09 inch
fell on the i ilh ; 2.59 inches at Bradford, 2.44 inches
at Nottingham; the smallest fall was 0.54 inch at
Bristol, 0.60 inch at Wolverhampton, 0.66 inch at
Plymouth. The general mean fall was 1.52 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing July 12, the highest temperature 'was 75^6, at
Edinburgh ; at Aberdeen the highest was 69^ The
general mean was 72''.9.

The lowest temperature in the week was 50°. 5,
at Glasgow, Dundee, and Aberdeen ; at Greenock the
lowest temperature reached 53°. The general mean
was 51^.3.

The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow,
62°.6, and lowest at Edinburgh, 59°.9. The general
mean was 6i°.2.

Rain. — The largest fall was 4.74 inches, at
Greenock ; and the smallest fall was 1.04 inch, at
Aberdeen, The general mean was 2.9S inches.

TAMES GLAISHER, F.R. S.

©tttuarg*

Augustus Fendler died on the island of Tiini-
dad, November 27, 1833, at the age of seventy-one.
This we learn only at the present date, by a memo-
randum which was found on the table of the lamented
Dr. Engelmann, who was so soon to follow him.
Fendler was born in Eastern Prussia, somewhere near
Konigsberg ; received a good ordinary education;
came to this country (United Slates), not far from the
year 1840; was selected by Dr. Engelmann and the
present writer to make a botanical collection in the
northern part of New Mexico on the occasion of the
movement of the United States troops to Sante Fe in
1S46. Afterwards (1856-7) he, with a younger
brother, migrated to Tovar, a German settlement in
the mountains of Venezuela, where he made a large
collection of dried plants, and later a small one on
the Isthmus. He then returned to his native country,
but after a year or two his longing for botanical
exploration, and for a milder climate, look him to
Trinidad, where for a time he botanised with his old
zeal and assiduity. Fendler was a close and accurate
observer, a capital collector and specimen-maker,
very painstaking and methodical, and his excellent
distributed collections are classical, especially the first
one, a large part of which was early named and pub-
lished in the Planta; Fendieriatiic Novo-Mexicaiicr.
It was the first collection made in that part of the
country. He is commemorated in a beautiful and
quite peculiar Saxifragaceous shrub, indigenous to

New Mexico and Texas (Fendlera rupicola), and
numerous species of his own discovery bear his name.
He was very retiring and shy in habit, of refined
bearing, and of a scientific turn of mind in other lines
than that of his chosen pursuit of botany. He kept
up meteorological observations during most of his life,
and he was very much interested in speculative
physics. In the year 1874 he published at Wilming-
ton, Delaware, where he then resided, at his own
expense — and, we suppose, with small returns — a
well-writlen treatise (of 154 pages, Svo) on The
Mechanism of tJte Ciiwersc, and its Primary E/}ort-
cxeriitiQ Powers : /he Nature of Forces and the Consti-
tution of Matter^ with Remarks on the Essence and
Attributes of the All'lntelir^cnt. lie was one of the
ingenious race of paradoxers, and it may be left to the
future De Morgan to characterise his work. He will
certainly be lastingly and well remembered in botany.
A. G.. in ^' Botanical Gazette.''

Answers to Correspondents.

Books ; G. P. No book that we know of deals witli
both the subjects you mention.

Cari'et Bedding : C. P. G. We do not know, not
having seen them all yet.

Deformed Lily : E. Morse. The old so-called Double
Wliite Lily, once common in the gardens of the curious.

Diseases of Mushrooms. — By an inadvertence —
attiibuted by the artist to our proximity to the miastna
of Mud-salad Market — two illustrations relating to
diseases of Mushrooms were inserted in an article
relating solely to disease of the Potato. We are
obliged to the artist for his extenuation of our over-
sight, which shall be further corrected in a subsequent
issue.

Grapes : S. Cooper. We answered the same question
last week (see p. 59).

Insects : y. C. We found about a dozen aphides
crawling about the box containing the sprig of Arbor-
vitns, and also a few of the cast skins of the pupre of a
small frog-hopper stuck by the viscid secretion on the
discoloured part of the foliage. Syringe with soap-
suds and gas-tar water, or tobacco-water, or parrafin-
water. /. O. H'. — C. M. We cannot say wliat it is
without seeing it.— T'. Worth. It is impossible to tell
what the insect is while in the chrysalis stale.

Names of Plants : C. B. P. Hibiscus sinensis. —
Dr. Sankey. Thalictrum flavum (Meadow Rue), as
near as we can tell from the bit sent. — J . Harj-ison.
Drosera rotundifolia. — D. D. i. Sparganium ranio-
sum ; 2, Senecio fAcobcea ; 3, Q^nanthe crocata ; 4,
Caucalis infesta ; 5. Alisma Plantago ; 6, Scrophularia
aquatica. — J. Hibberd. A very good variety of
Cattleya Mossire, bearing no varietal name, so lar as
we know ; and a poor pale variety of Odontoglossum
vexillarium. — fohn Stewart ^ Son^. Lilium Marta-
gon. — Sutton ^ Sons. Periploca gr^ca. — W. Irvine.
Allamanda Schotti Hendersoni. — M. G. Jones. The
Yucca is probably Y. gloriosa, but we cannot tell for
certain from a single leaf. The Rose is the old York
and Lancaster. — yohn Kitley. i, Dictamnus Fraxi-
nella, the white variety ; 2, Bupleurum graminifoHum.
— G. P. We think it is the yellow form of Lilium con-
color, but are not certain of its identity. — H. V. Indi-
gofera decora, Japan. — W. E. Gumbletou. Adeno-
carpus foliolosus, and. perhaps, Cephalaria procera. —
C. H. P. Specimens too scrappy for determination :
send better. — E. Pond. Lathyrus cicera. — V. B. Tri-
folium arvense, Festuca ovina var. ; we cannot name
the other fragments, send better. — A'. Y. Z. Heli-
chrysum rosmarinifolium. — F. \V. B. Linaria tri-
phylla, Erigeron multiradiatus, Lathyrus tuberosus. —
M. P. B. I, Agrostis vulgaris ; 2, Trisetuni flaves-
cens ; 3, Festuca duriuscula?; 4, Poa pratensis ; 5.
Lolium perenne ; 6, Cynosurus cristata. Why send
such scraps ?

Okciiids : R. Young. No. i we believe to be Cattleya
Gaskelliana ; 2, Laelia grandis ; 3, Lycaste Skinneri,
a pale-coloured variety ; 4, Dendrobmm Bensonia; ;
5, Miltonia Regnelli, a good variety ; 6, Chysis lasvi.s.

Pea, "The Satisfaction:" J. Smith. Your Pea
does not seem to us sufficiently distinct from others
already in cultivation, and wc would advise you to
send it to Chiswick next season, for trial, before send-
ing it out.

Plantains : G. J. Cut them off below the surface,
and drop a small quantity of vitriol on the crown.

Raspberry : Y- G. &> Co. The sample received does
not bear out the laudatory character given to the
variety by your client. If it does not produce finer
fruit than those before us, it is not, in our opinion,
" the very best and finest Raspberry in existence."

Strawberry : Leirion. Sir Joseph Paxton, largely
grown in the London market gardens, and deservedly
so.

Tuberoses ; Countesthorpe. They will not lorce well a
second time.

Vegetables : Vegetarian. All vegetables contain
more or less nitrogen, especially in their seeds. The
Pulses are especially rich, and also the fungi.

Vines Cracking : H. G. Jones. You do not say
which variety it is, but it looks like Madresfield Court,
which is much subject to cracking. It is due to
irregukir growth in the plant, but we cannot explain
exactly how that may be brought about.

^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark tlic paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Communications Received ;— J, T. R. — P. C— T. S. W. —
M. P. B.--H. W. — E. M.— G. H -C. Mooney.— G. S. B. -
_W. v. — P. L. S — T. B— J. D. & Sons (all in good lime).
T. W.— W. Kershaw.-J. C.-D. J.— H. G.— W. E. G.—
C P.-W. B.— J. T. B.— M. H.— M. D.-D. T. F.-J. H.

arhcts*

CO VENT GARDEN, July 17.

Business in soft fruit has somewhat improved, the
trade being well set, but general business is getting
quiet. Peaches and Nectarines are lower, as also Pines.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit. — Average Wholbsale Prices.

s, d. s. d.

Lemons, per case,, lo o- 14 o
Melons, oach .. 26-40

Pine-apples, Eng ,1b. 20-30
— St. Michael's, each 20-50
Strawberries, per lb. 04-10
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-12 o

s. d. s. d.
Cherries, J^-sieve .. 7 0-12 o
Currants, black, per

Ja-sieve . . . . 36-40
— red, J^-sieve ,. 36-50
Figs, per dozen .. 20-30
Grapes, per lb, . . 16-30

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . ..30-50

Asparagus, English,
per 100 . . ..40-80

Aubergiaes, each .. 04- ,

Beans, French, p. 100 1 6- .

Beet, per doz. . . 10-,

Cabbages, per doz. , . i o- .

Carrots, per bun. ,,08-,
— New French, per
bunch , , ,.13-.

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen,. ..20-30

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each . . o 6- i

Endive, French, per
dozen , . ..20-..

Garlic, per lb, .,06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

PoTATOS. — Old Potatos finished. New— Jersey kidneys much
diseased — stopped comine ; Kent kidneys, Li to C'i per ton.

Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d, i. d.

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

Lettuces, Cabbage,

per dozen . .

— Cos, each
Marrows, each
Mint, green, bunch..
Mushrooms, p. baskt.
Onions, per bunch . .

— Spring, per bun.
Paisley, per bunch
Peas. English, quart
Radishes, per doz.
Rhubarb, per bund. 04-06
Small salading, per

punnet , , ..04-..

Spinach, per strike, . 30-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. i o- ,.
Turnips, new, bun. .. 08-,.

16-..

o a- ..

06-.,

o 6- ..

10-20

09'..

00-..

0 9- ..

1 &- ..
I 6-

s. d. s. d.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz, 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vit£e (golden),

per dozen ,. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 4 o- g o
Cockicombs, doz, ,. 30-60
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term, doz.,. 30 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz, .12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 12 0-4S o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..9 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,
per doze , . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Ficus elasiica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o

s. d. s. d.
Fuchsias, per doz. . . 4 o- iz o
Heliotrope, doz. ,. 40-90
Hydrangea, per doz. g 0-18 o

— paniclata, doz. 18 0-36 o
Lilium longiflorum,

per dozen .. 24 0-36 o

— lancifolium, doz. 9 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen ,, ..8 0-18 o

Mignonette, per doz 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 0 0-12 o
Palms in var.. each 2 6-2t o
Pelargoniums (show)

per dozen .. .. 6 0-18 o

— scarlet, per doz , . 30-90
Petunias, per dozen 0 0-12 o
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 60-90
Spirsea, per dozen ,. 8 0-12 o
Spirsa palmata, doz.iS o 30 o

Cut Flowers.—.

AbutiloD, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria, 12 sprays o
Carnations, 12 bun. 2
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Eschscholtzia,i2 bun, 2
Eucharis, per doz, .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . ..2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 2

Heliotropes. 12 sp. .. o
Ins, various, 12 bun. 3
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 3
— red, 13 blooms., i
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s. d.

Mignonette, 12 bun. i
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. .. o

Pinks, various, 12

bunches .. ..2

Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrelhurm, 12 bun. 2
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 6
Roses (indoor), doz. i

— (outdoor), 12 bun, 3

— coloured, doz. . . 2
Stephanoti", 12 spr. 2
Stocks, 12 bunches ,. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun, i
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 2
Tropseolum, 12 bun. 1
Tuberoses, per doz.. o
White Jasmme, bun,

0-40
0-60
g- 1 o
6-10
0-60
0-40
0-40
o- 6 Q

0-60
0-60

0-60

d. s. a.
6-60

6-10

0-60
0-16
0-60
0-12 o
0-40
0-90
0-00
0-40
0-60
6-40
0-60
6-30
6- 1 6
6-10

SEEDS.

London : July i6. — There was the usual Wednesday
attendance on the seed market to-day. The new French
Trifolium is both good and cheap. New English Rape
seed is now offering ; the quality is satisfactory and the
demand fair. Mustard realises former terms. There is
nothing doing in Clover seeds. In new Rye-grass and
new Trefoil not much business has yet been transacted.
Canary seed continues cheap. Hemp seed is scarce and
dear. John Shaw fir* Sons, Seed Alerchants, 37, Mark
Lane, London, B.C.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 100^"^- to ioo,g for delivery, and 100^ to loof for the
account. Tuesday's figures were loo^ to ioo| for deli-
very, and loO'i^g to 100^ for the account. Wednesday's
closing quotations were loOi'u 10 loog for both delivery
and account, Thursday's final figures were looj to ioo|
for both delivery and account.

92

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[July 19, i88».

H

To the Trade.

NEW CABBAGE SEEDS.
AND F. SHARPE are now offering their

' fine selected stocks of CABBAGE b£EDb,
com^^l^€ the following varieties, viz. ; —

vhich

Early Dsvarf York
Early Large York
Darnels' Defiance
Early Nonpareil
Early Rainham
Early Knfield Market
Manchester Maikei
Eaily Battersea

Early Emperor

Early Sugarloaf

Early Oxheart

Robinson's Champion Drum-"

head
Shaw's Dwarf Drumhead
Flat Dutch

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

4</. per bushel ; loo for 251. ; truck (loose, about 3 tous),
405 ; 4'busbel bags. Ad. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. jj. id. per sadc ;
5 sacks. 25i : sacks. 4^. each.

BLACK. FIBROUS PEAT, 5J. per sack, j sacks 221. ; sacks,
4^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. gd. per bushel; 151. per half
ton. 26J. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags. ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Ti. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. 6rf per sack

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOI'H, RUS'^IA MATS.&c. Write lor Free
Price LIST— H, G. SMYTH, 211 Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants, &c., £6 6!. per Truck BLACK FI BROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 155.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags. 22J. ^d. ; 10 Bags.
45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

BEESON'S

MANURE.

This is the Manure now used by the leading Nurserymen
and Rose Growers. PrlCC, 12s. per CWt., carriage paid for
Cash. In Sealed Bags, thoroughly air>tight. Also in js. Tins ;
per Parcels Post. is.6d. It will keep for any length of time, and
is the best Manure for all purposes in the Flower, Fruit, or
Kitchen Garden. References, Directions for Use, &c-, on
application to

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepaied to make special offers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in truckloads. Terms on application. In
sample bags, 4s. 6d. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
6s. per bag ; twenty bags for ss. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, 4r. per bag ; five bags foi i7r. dd.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD, COCOA FIBRE, MATS,
RAFFIA, CORK. GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS.
LABELS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, r{d. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 351. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is.6d, per bushel ; 125. 6d, per J^ too ;
S2r, per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, is. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is. 6d. per bushel,

PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 75. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered— a very powerful
Fertiliser, 131. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, i8s. per cwt, ; 56 lb.,
IIS. ; 7 lb , 2S. 6d. AH bags 4d. each.

Terms, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Station Road, Elephant and Castle, S.E.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, ■wiih full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GAR8T0N, LIVERPOOL.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of a tons 25*., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Norih- Western, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks \s.;
30 sacks £,1 55. ; 15 sacks or more free on to rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound"
Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. Established 187*,

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,
best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, is. per Bag ; 15 Bags, 145. ; 30 Hags, 25.5., sent to all
parts ; Truckload, 25^., free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT,
A. FOULON. 32. St. Mary Axe. London. E.G.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, li. yi. per
sack : 10 for 12^., 15 for tyj , 3n (or 30T. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), ^35. Selected Btown Fibrous Pent, 51. per
sack ; 5 for azs. 6d. Black Fihrous Peat, 4J. (:d. per sack ; 5 for
20i. ; sacks 4a'. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is td. per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mnuld. each at is. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, ts. per sack. Garden bticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
8(/. per lb. ; Specialite Paper, imported solely by us, loi/. per
lb.. 28 lb. 21J. Shading niaterials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. - W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southward Stkebt, London, S.E.. late
10. New ISioad Street, E.G.

HUGHES'

m^APHIClDE

Enables tlio

oper.itor to

apply the

Insef'ticide

nnrl'?nieath

the leaves, the

superfluous liquid

fallin? on the upper

surface while descending

One to four teaspoonsful of
the Fir Tree Oil to a pint of soft
water will answer for all insects
;m plants, for further directions

see Kbel on bottle.

£. OHIFFITHS HUGHES, Operative Chemist,
VICTORIA STREET. MANCHESTER.

FIR TRPE OSi »>'JSECTtCID£
rill iniUt \3tlm [Soluble inWater)

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots
or Folia-e of Trees and Plants. Kills all Vegetable Grubs,
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Bbght, Clears Gnipea
from Meuly Bug, &.\i., and makes a good Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on '*Fir Trrf
Oil," and its applicatinn. sertt free nv r^cfiipt of adrlres", h'l (he
Manufacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co. ; Corry, Soprr, Fowi.kr and
Co.; C. E. OsMAN A: Co. and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

FOh

GLASS HOUSES,

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpensive, Easily apjilied. Lasts all the
Summer, and can then be easily wash-il off. le.. post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom in Azaleaa, U | | /^ IB H" 0 1
&C.. and for Cut Flowers. rlU^L^flS^d

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Sold in bottles. Is. & 23. Per post, 3d. extra,

HUGHES^STYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, .M. extra.

For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UIIOUITO'
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nUwDlLO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Mo^t elloctuiil in Greenhouses, — for Animals and Bed
Clothing, Price 6d., Is. & 28, 6d. Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, °/SS;'^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 scainst Ked Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
Americau Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, li., 35., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground Boxes, bd. and ij. from the Trade,
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

VTr G I N~C O R K WOcTd, for Fern7ries,
Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in G.irdens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsman by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, CarlioQ Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

BLAKE'S PATENT **SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Keglstered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Size« and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE. SCHOOL LANE. LIVEBf OOI..

LAKE AND MACKENZIE'S

WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursetv and

Greenhou-e purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHKR-

PROOK SCRYM CLOTH for Shadine. Pictorial, Flower,

and Vegetable Seed Packets, and other Seedsmen's requiiiies.

Address : School Lane, Liverpool.

NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds.
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds. &c., 2 yards
wide, 2ti, per yard, or 100 yards. 165. ; 4 yard> wide, 411'. per
yard, or 50 yards, 16s. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
(or any of the above purposes, or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yaids
wide, td. per yard ; 4 yards wide, is. per yard ; ^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, is. td per vard. TIKFANY. 51. and 6i. per
piece of 20 yards. — EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7. CiuL-ked
Lane, London Bridge, E.G.

rNDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-

-L houses, Prt'tcciirR Seed-beds, &c , ico yaid*; (25 inches
wide) for 105,, d*;liveied at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for
ics , delivered litre per Parcels Post. This is a pcrfecilv pure
Cotton Muslin, very u';efid for Curtains, Blinds, Draperies.
Cream Colour, Postal Order to be sent with each order.
Send stampc-d envelope (or Pattern.

J. KaY and sons. Burnley Wood Milk. Burnley.

GARDEN NETTING.

FlTBt Arrival of New Archangel Mats this Season-

J BLACKBURN and bONS are prepared
• to Sell now at lowest prices. Particulars on application
at 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.G.

S. A. SANDS,

(Successor to J. W. Haylhorn.)

MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND
CHISWICK GARDEN NETS.

Warranted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds,
Hail, t5rv. ,■ and Fruit from Birds, Wasps, b-'c.

Pattern and Prices Free per Post.

Address, S. A. SANDS,

20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM,

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide. i%d., and 4 yaids wiue, yt. per yard ran.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, (or protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, Jrom ■i^jid. per yard and upw aids

Russia Mats, Kaffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

T49, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.
'IMFFANY and iSCKlM lor Protecting Fruit

J- Trees ai>d Greenhouse Shadii'g, from -id per yard.
TANNED NETTING in all widths at wholesale piices,
RUSSIAN MATS of every description at reduced prices, aud
RAFFIA FIBRE. Price Li^t en application at

J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 3, Wormwood Street,
London, E.C.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VtNE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

SILVER SAND, fine and coarse, 24^. and
4o.r. per truck of 4 tons. PEAT, 40J. and 5M. per truck
of 10 cubic yards. LOAM, 4'5j. and t.oi. per truck of6culiic
yaids. SILVER SAND, PEAT, and LOAM, in sacks, at
moderate piices.

W. SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex.

Important Saving of CoaL

'^PHE NEW HORIZONTAL TUBULAR

J- BOILER, " RED ROSE," will be at the Newca&tle-on-
Tyne Horticultural Siiow, July i\, for the inspection of thft
Judges. J. WiTHHRSPOON. of the Rfd Rose Vineries, Chester-
le-Sireet (where the Boiler may be seen at work), for years has
been studyinR the wants of Gardeners and Nurserymen, and
now their inspeclinn. and the inspection of all interested in
Economic and Efficient Heating Power, is respectfully invited.
No brickwoik, no soot-stoppings, can be set up, and, if neces-
sary, any portion can be replaced, or taken out entirely, by any
person, in a few minutes, 'i he Boiler, Red Rose, with power
extended at pleasure, is the long hoped for.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. La^^ts four limes as l^ng as ordinary
Indi.irubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long tun than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes :— " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as grtod as ever."

Private Customers Supplied at Trade Pricts.

Samplu and Price ol

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63, Long Acre, London, W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Priest of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thamei S) , London, K.C

July 19, 1SS4,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

93

*«♦ Awarded the FIRST PRIZE

AT EACH OF Tlir.

THREE GREAT CONTESTS

Birmingham, 1874,

Manchester, 1881, .^,''^^' ^ri»'

London, 1832. ^ '.•• '^•O, V ,•**

ii??<^,» >^, ,.•? SAMUEL

/i^^^'S'^ ...•* ALSO FO

i^;;^^^ ,..•*•" PONY and V
\'^"" HORSE-POWER.

'■li'i^ Send for Il/ustratcd Price Lis/i
to the SOLE MAKERS,

■: . u,^^

THE ONLY

GOLD
M E DAL

EVER Or.ERED
IN ENGLAND.

JOHN CROWLEY &, CO., SHEFFIELD.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

131, BUNHILL EOW, LONDON, EC.

\

%^^^^'

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
fvery description of HORTICULTURAL WuRK, liee of
charge, and send cumpetetit assistants when necessary.

LASCtLLES' NIlW RUCKWOKK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Limits of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slaba for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on appHcaiion.

Cucumber Frames.
H A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to

special attention to their Cucumber hramt^s,

J-V» draw

o*' which ihey always have a large MOck. ready glazed and
)>iniited. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
li'pether and taken apart in a few minutes by any one,
J-'ricf -s. delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-light frame, S feet by 6 feet ) pgclting

6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 (eet \ ^^^ '"'' ( 10 o

3-light frame,

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and Iram'iDg for
bnck pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY andCO.. Hoihouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works. Middleton. Manchester.

Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
W.ill-Tree Covers. &c,. Post-free.

T. H. F. DENNIS & CO.. dielmsford, Essex.

London Office: Mansion House Buildings, E.C.

^■L^SH0HSES8c»EAtlNG>t

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portahle Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD. BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price Liit on amplication to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRE^ NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince ot Wales.

Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber?, Westminster. S.W.

Patent EXCELSIOR Lawn Mower,

the Best In the World.

To practically demonstrate its superiority
over all other Machines, the EXCELSIOR
will be shown in actual work every Thursday
and Saturday, on the
Crystal Palace Lawn,
near the steps leading to
the grounds. Gardeners
and Amateurs are invited
to test Its cutting powers
on the grass.

CHADBOBN &

223. UPPER

Makkrs ; —

COLDWELL MFG. CO.

THAMES STREET,
LONDON, E.C.

TEN SILVER

AWARUED

MEDALS

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,

^f Weston-super-Marh. Manufacturer of lERRA-
COTTA VASES. FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from r to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID. FERN. SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, f</. Bnok of Designs, if.

Novelty !
SCHMIDT'S

Patent
HYACINTH
GLASSES,

Removing
all difficulty
about cleaning
the glasses and
renewing the
water. Prices
and further de-
scription on ap-
plication.

J. C. SCHMIDT,

Erfurt,

Germany.

1j"'UR SALE. — A Gen'ileman wishing to
- dispose ofa SHANKS' 36-iiich LAWN WUWEK, with
Patent Delivery tas it is too large for his work), is open to au
offer for same.

A. B , W. Drummond & Sons, 58, Dawson Street. Dublin.

OU Faint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Slone.
{.RegisUrect Trade Mark.)

Thi*; VARNISH is an eitcellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is lully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced uoward-^ of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labouier, requires no mixing
or thinning, and i*; used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of ihc Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or ij. 8(t. per gallon carriage paid 10 any
Station in the Kirgdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

** Pierce fie Id Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your addrcis a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sir>, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."

CAUTION— ^XXA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advenised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common u':e on most
of the large estates in the kingdom tor upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly mnrked with their name and Kegisiered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and 196, St. Vincent
Street. GlasEOw.

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS,

the Largest Assortment in London at

B. HOLLIDAY'S SHOW ROOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.
For Price, 5^c., see Catalogue.

WATER BARROWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS

LAWN MOWERS, &c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORY WIREWORK,

see Special Catalogue.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains. Rib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36^. per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, tof. ;
36 lb. kegs, iQJ. each ; sample tins, 5;.. m. td, and if.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row. Leeds.

94

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 1884.

" The finest Whiskeys we ever tzsted."—Cen'eniry Herald.
HID \i} O 5 years' old, 3s. 6d. per bottle ; 42^. per doz.
1 1 I K I ^ 7 years' old, 41. otf. ,, : 48^. 1.

Ul'll I \J 13 years' old. 5^. odT. „ ; 60s. „

The finest Scotch I H I O I I '° y^^'^' °^'^* ^^* P^"" ^°'- •
Whiskey, of same ln|\rl 72^. per doz. Samples and
age. at same prices. 1 1 1 1 W I I cases, rail free.

-^=sx. WHISKEY.

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample. Irish or Scotch,
or of both, before placing their orders.

BENSON'S

WORKMAN'S

SILVER ENGLISH LEVER,
£5:5:0

SPECIALLY MADE TO KEEP PER-
FECT TIME.

TAND ROUGH WEAR and

AST A LIFETIME.

JN

ALL SIZES.

/CAPPED, JEWELLED, and

A

LL LATEST IMPROVEMENTS.

rS WITHOUT EXCEPTION THE

B

EST WATCH MADE FOR THE

YyORKING CLASSES, AND ALL
VyHO REQUIRE A WATCH OF
QPECIAL STRENGTH and ACCURACY.
T) ELI VERED FREE, and at OTJRrTiSK",
'T'O ALL PARTS for P.O.O., or CASH BY
DEGISTERED LETTER to VALUE OF

"PIVE GUINEAS— by

J. W. BENSON,

THE STEAM FACTORY,

LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G.

Illustrated LISTS of this Watch and all
others made at t/ie Steam Factory free en
application .

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MAUE

JAMS, SOUPS,

IN WHITE GLASS,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samt)les at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER.

PATENT.
The old system of tying completely done away with. Great
economy of labour and time. Will bear the weight of the
heaviest crop of Graoes grown under glass. Can be fixed during
the growth of the Vine. Sold in Boxes, containing 6 dozen
each, price 6s. 6d. Orders received by

Mr. J. W. DART. St. Autoln's, Jersey.

Under the Patronage of tlie Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine ssiys,: — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

BELGIAN GLASS for^ GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of zo in. by
12 in., 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in, by 16 in., 20 in, by 18 in., in t6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and ^00-ft. cases,

Bosher's Garden Edging TUes.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, ■

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L 'y E R S a N D,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station, Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

Tba
"Expansion g
Joint." &

Tlie Ee3t

and QolclteBt

Hade.

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pioes, g feet long, 45. ^d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6d. each.

Price List on application.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milnhr, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 f-.M- Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNHR has moved his OHices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must
be thoroughly efficient for Flowers and Fruit. Good
char.icter required.- Address by leiter, siatinc full particulars,
S.. Howard's Printing Office. High Street, Sydenham. S.E.

ANTED, a GARDENER, in a single-
handed place at Hatfield, to look after two or three
Cows ; very litlle Grass. Must thoroughly under-istand his duiies,
must be married, and wife able to do Laundry Woik. M.in
with no family preferred.- Apply by letter to FRANK
PEARCE. Esq, Mr. Battye, 93, Worship Street, London, E.C.

W^ ^NTED, IMMEDIATELY, for the
country, a good WORKING GARDENER, with a
general knowledge of his business- Wages zif. per week, with
cottage containing 5 rooms and oflice, and coal. A married man
with family preferred.— Apply to A. B., care of James Veitch &
Sons. Royal E.\otic Nursery, Chelsea. S.W.

WANTED, a MAN and WIFE, as Indoor
Servants— the former as good GARDENER, and to
make himself cenerally useful, the latter as good COOK, and to
assist in the house-work. — Apply, stating full particulars, to
Mrs. LEMAN, 45, Lansdowne Road, Croydon.

WANTED, a GARDENER and PORTER,
at the Huntingdon County Hospital, without fannlv.
Wages i8j. per week and lodge, partly furnished.— F. J.
HOWSON, Esq.. HuntingdoD.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced
NURSERY FOREMAN, for the Inside Department ;
must be well up in Growing young Vines, Stove and Green-
house Plants, &c. — Apply in own handwriting, stating experience
and wages required, with copies of testimonials. W. G. CALD-
WELL AND SONS. The Nurseries, Knutsford. Cheshire.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN,
where several others are kept, to take charge of a
place where Grapes, Peaches, Strawberries. Cucumbers, Toma-
tos. Mushrooms, Cut Flowers, Plants. &:c., are grown for
Market. He must have a thorough practical knowledge of the
profession in all its branches. A middle-aeed married man
preferred.— Apply to R. WILLARD, 22, Pevensey Road,
Eastbouine.

Soft-wooded Propagator.

WANTED, a young active MAN, as above,
and to Grow for Sale— THOMAS LUNYARD, The
Nursery, Ashford, Kent.

Rose Grower.

WANTED, a single or married MAN, with-
out family, to take charge of the Roses, under the
Head Gardener, in a large private eslablibhment.— WM. PAUL
AND SON, Waltham Cross.

ANTED, an experienced GROWER of

Hardy Florist Flowers. Apply, slating age, wages,
and where formerly employed, to JAMES DICKSON and
SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

WANTED, a steady, energetic, all-round
MAN, to work wiih the Principal in a Small Nursery.
—Apply, stating full particulars, to FRANK HILLIEK,
Gonville Nurseries, Cambridge.

WANTED, a strong, active, and willing
MAN, to attend to Orchard Houses and Wall Trees.
One with some previous experience in Tying of Trees preferred.
Age not less than 22. Wages 161. per week, with good bothy,
milk and vegetables. — Wykham Park Gardens, Banbury.

WANTED, a young MAN, to take charge
of Houses, &c., and to fill up spare time outside.
Wages 1S5 , with bothy, &c.— T. BOWIE, Chillingham Castle
Gardens, Helford, Noithuniberiand. ^_____^

ANTEOTfor the Wholesale SeedT"rade

a thoroughly experienced and practical MAN, who
has been accustomed to the selection and cat e of Stocks, both
of Garden and Agricultural Seeds, also to the Arrangement and
Superiutenaence of Orders. — Apply by letter with all par-
ticulars, which will be treated confidentially, to X. Y. F. ,
Gardeners* Chronicle Oflice, 41, Wellington Street, Coveut
Garden, London, W.C _^

Seed Trade.

WANTED, in one of the largest Seed Houses
in America, a young MAN. ihoroue;hly competent and
experiencfd in the Trade, to Receive, Examine and Store
Seeds in the Warehouse, to put up and Ship Orders, and to
take charge of and attend to the Trial Grounds. A liberal
salary and every encjurogement will be given to a first-class
man. — ."^pijly, siating age, experience, and where obtained, to
CHASE ttROS., Seed Merchants. Rochester. New York.

Sppd I'Td.de

WANTED, a SHOPMAN (Scotch). Ex-
perienced in Garden and Farm Seeds — a slight know-
ledge of Plants would be a recommendation Salary £,-js per
annum. — Apply to X., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, htrand, W.C.

Sppd Tr3.de

WANTED, as SHOPMAN, for an Irish
House, an active, energetic young man, of good
address. Quick at Counter-work. Must have a knowledge of
Plants, Flowers, &c. — Apply, stating experience, references,
and salary expected, to M. N., Gurdeners' CArotttcle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C

WANTED, a smart and intelligent person,
to take CHARGE of FLOWER STAND— one who
understand the Sale of Cut Flowers and the Making-up of
Bouquets. Buttonholes. S:c, Must be strictly honest and have
good references. — ApDly, stating age, experience, an' salary
required, to J. HOUSK, Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough.

WANT PLACES.

*** Gardeners and others seeking sHuaiions
are WARNED to be careful in their dealine^s
■with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any A^i^cnt unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application for the same by letter.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all

^^ times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 218. High Holborn, W.C.

SC~b T^li"" GARDENERS.
—John Downih, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burRh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting rc-engagements. at wages ranging
from ^50 to Xlioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent t>ardener.

RICHARD S MI t"h""'an D C O.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's iVurseries^ Worcester.

HimVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nur.serics, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

July 19, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

95

GARDENER (Head). — Well up in New
Holland Plants, Vines, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. ,*
eleven years' Colonial expetience. — E. LANGTON, Faith
Cottages, Plumstead Common, Kent.

GARDENER (H ead).— Married, small
family ; skillful Grower of Orchids, Plants, Kerns.
Grapes, Peaches, Vegetables, &c. Excellent references.—
\V.. Aigburth Nursery, Grassendaie. Liverpool,

C:^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ;
^ understands Stoves, Greenhouses. Vines. Peach-houses,
Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardeunig, &c.
Excellent character.— \V. H. P., 4, North Row, Winchmoro
Hill. N.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 45; three
children (yovmgest y years). Well versed in Early and Late
Forcing, and the General Requirements of a good Garden ; also
understands the LayinR-out and Planting New Grounds. No
objection to Home Farm if required. Eleven years in last
situation. — A. B., Rosamond Cottages. Glover's Road, Reigate.

ARDENER(Head).— The Executors of the

late Thomas Gee, Esq , will be glad to recommend
George Tavlok, Mr. Gee's Head Gardener, to any Nobleman
or Gentleman wanting a thoroughly competent Gardener, capable
of Managing Large Gardens and Grounds. Has had long experi-
ence in lir-t-class establishments. Five years' in present place. —
GEORGE TAYLOR, Dtwhurst Lodee, Wadhurst, Sussex.

ARDENER (He.-\D) ; age 31, married.—

Mr. E. Ward, Gardener to Lord Windsor, Hewett
Grange, Bromsgrove, wishes to recommend Alfred Bishop to
any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough
energetic and practical man as above, who thoroughly under-
stands the routuie of Early and Late Forcing of Fruits and
Flowers, and also a good Kitchen Gardener ; has had good
experience in some ot the largest Garden Establishments, in-
cluding Hewell Grange ; with Advertiser five years as Head.
—Address as above, or to ALFRED BISHOP, Warmock
House, Polegate, Sussex.

GARDENER (He.-\D), to any Lady, Noble-
man or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly
practical Gardener, whjse qualifications are quite reliable
to produce by high-class culture all classes of Fruit, Flowers,
and Vegetables, and who thoroughly understands Orchids,
Stove-plants, both Hard- wooded and Soft-wooded Flowering
Plants for the Conservatory and Drawing-Koom Decoration,
Flower and Kiichen Gardening in the various rotations
and Designs, Bouquet Making, and Dinner-table Decorations,
&c.— JNO. McNICOL, Waldecke Cottage, Lyne, near Virginia
Water Station, Chertsey.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept. — Age 27, single ; thoroughly
experienced in all branches. First-class references. — G. W.,
1, .Stafford's Place, Exmouth, Devon.

GARDE NER"( Head WorkIng).— Age 38,
married, two children ; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Good character. — E. C, 2, Flexton Terrace, Rye
Common. Hoddesdon, Herts,

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,

married : thoroughly practical man. Seven years with
the Right Hon. Lord Kensington, M- P. Will be at liberty
August I. Hichest references.— THOMAS EDWARDS, The
Gardens. St. Brides, Little Haven R.S.O , S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working), where

more are kept. — Thoroughly experienced in Early and
Late Forcing of Fruit, Cut Flower, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, also Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Good references
from late employers. — D., 23, Salisbury Road, Upper
Holloway, N. ^_^^_^____^____^___^

GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Married,
no encumbrance ; abstainer. Thoroughly practical in
the Growing of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, and
general routine of Fruit, Flower, and Kiichen Gardening in
all branches. Four and a-half years' first-class references from
late employer.— G. KIRBY. Nascot Street, Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (HEAD Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 32. married ; thoroughly ex-
perienced in all branches, including Orchids, Stove and Green-
house Plants, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Two years and seven months good character.
— G. CHILDS, Palmer's Cottages, Lower Streaiham, Surrey.

ARDENER (HEAD Working) ; age 26.—

C. Fellowes, E=q., B> fleet Lodge, Weybndge, can
highly recommend A. Pope to any Lady or Gentleman who
may require the services of a thoroughly experienced and trust-
worthy man, as above. — A. POPE, The Gardens, Byfleet
Lodge. Weybndge, Surrey.

ARDENER (WORKING). — Middle-aged,

married, no family ; twenty years' thoroughly practical
experience in the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c., and the general routine of a
Gentleman's estaljlishment. Knowledge of Land and Stock if
required. Good reference. — W. S., Buckingham Place, Stoke
Gardens. Slough, Bucks.

GARDENER (HE.\D WORKING, or good
Single-handed) ; age 32, married. — A Geni leman
wishes to recommend an experienced man as above. — INGLE,
Colhngwood Lodge. Famborough.

GARDENER.— A. Rawle, seven and a half
years with Lord Chas. P. Clinton, is desirous of engaging
with any one requiring the services of a competent man. Good
character, and kindly recommended by previous employer. —
Please address to The Lodge, He.<;keth Crescent, Torquay,
Devon.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Age :^3, no family ; understands Green-
house, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, also Melons, Cucumbers ;
wife good Laundress. Four years' good character. — W. COLE,
The Old House. Esher.

/^ARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or SECOND).
V-^ — Age 26; undeiitands Vines, Cucumbers. Kitchen and
Flower Gardening. &c. Four years' good character from last
place.— W, C. 14, St. Thomas' Gardens, Haverstock Hill, N.W.

GARDENER (Second).— Nine years' good
character from last situation. — C. REEVES, Grass
Farm, Finchly, London, N.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; has had
good experience in Plant Houses and Vineries, and
Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good references. — A. BUSH,
Goldings Hill, Loughlon, Essex

/:j.ARDENER (Skcond or Third), in the

V_J Houses. — Age 25 : willing to Assist Out-of- doors if
required. Can be higiily recommended by present employer. —
W. RICHARDSON, Verandah Cottage. Malvern Wells.

/ :j.ARDE~Nl:R~"(UNDER)^Age'22~Seven

\-\ years' experience in all branches. Near Lontlon pre-
ferred.—A. B., Bush Hill Lodge. Winchmme Hill, Middlesex.

C;j.ARDENER (Under), in a private estab-
^ lishmeut. — Age si ; can be highly recommended. —
W. E., 8, Holly Mount, Hampstead, N.W.

riARDENER (Under), in or out of the

V_J Houses.— Age 17 : good character.— H. GEORGE, Mrs.
Stevens, Kasl Acton, W.

r:j.ARDENER (Under).— Three and a half

V^ years in present situation. Good character. — D. J.
HAZELWOOD, Tha Hall Gardens, Great Barton, Bury
St. Edmunds.

C ^ARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; six years'
-^ experience. Is leavuig fiom no lault. 'loial abstainer.
Good character. — E. ETTLES, Sinia Cottage, Lynton, North
Devon.

GARDENER (Under), or where he can
improve. — Age 17 ; two and a half years' experience
under glass. Good reterences. — W. G., z, Frederick Villa,
Crescent Road, Ramsgate. Kent.

jVl URSERY FOkEMAN or MANAGER.—

-^* Middle-aged ; thoroughly excerienced in all branches
of the trade. Good references, — M. W., Mr. Hall, Down Road,
Merrovv, Guildford, Surrey.

1 FOREMAN or MANAGER.— Middle-aged ;
experienced Plantsman and Salesman, in Bouquets,
Wreaths, Crosses, Decorations. Landscape Gardening, &c.
Good references. — B. J., 153. Albany Street, N.W.

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 28, single ; thorough knowledge of
the profession. Good reterences.— F. Ji. , Ivy Cottage, Potter's
Bar, Barnet.

L[iOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Well

J- up in Fruit and Plant Growing, Forcing, Propagating,
Table Decorations, itc. liood references. — J. P., 20, Lands-
downe Terrace, Lot's Koad. Chelsea, S.W.

FOREMAN. — Eleven years* thorough ex-
perience in the routine of Gardening. — Mr. G. D. VAL-
LENCE, Head Gardener to A. D. broith, Esq., Scilly
Island, Cornwall.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten
years" good practical experience in the Propagatmg and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches,
Melons, Cucumbers, &:c. Excellent references. — A. W., Munn,
Stationer, Elgm Koad. Maida Vale, London, N.W.

I^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 27, single ;
well up in Fruit and Plant Growing, Forcing, Propa-
gatine. Table Decorations, &c. ; first-class testimonials from
previous situations. State waees. — C. DUMPER, i. Myrtle
Cottages, Bevois Hill. Southampton.

OREMAN.— Mr. Butters, of Luton Hoo

Park Gardens, Bedfordshire, can with confidence recom-
mend his Foreman, Mr. W. Bowers (age 30), who has been with
him upwards of six years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
the services of a good prantical Gardener. Any questions will be
gladly answered on application to the above address.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
28 ; has had thirteen years' experience in good Gardens,
in the Culiivation of Pines, Vines, Melons, Orchids, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. &c. Character will bear strict investigation
for efficiency ; four and a half years in present place as Foreman,
and one m previous. Total abstainer. — FOREMAN, Putteridge
Gaidens, Luton.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR (Outdoor).—
Age 31, married ; expert Grower of Fruit Trees and
Roses, also a good knowledge of Nursery Stock generally.
Good references as to ability, character, &c. Satisfactory
reasons for leaving can be given. — Q. C, The Beeches,
Cirencester, Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and SALES-
MAN. — Hard and Soft-wooded, Stove and Greenhouse,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Conitera;, Clematis, Wreaths, Crosses,
&c. General knowledge.— SALESMAN, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, London, W.C.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 28,

married ; well up in Growing (or Market. Good
character. — E. B., Edwards Road. Clerendon Park, Leicester.

ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market.

— Age 28, single ; well experienced and good character,
— Apply stating wages given, to HOGARTHI, 4, Payne's
Cottages, Spitat Road, Windsor, Berks.

To the Trade.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard
and Soft-wooded and Stove Plants in quantity. —Tho-
roughly competent, &c. ; can give satisfactory references from
previous employers. — G. G., 16, Shrewsbury Terrace, Oxton,
Birkenhead.

To Market Growers.
pVCLAMEN GROWER (first-class).— Age

V_-^ 32 ; ten years with H. B Smith, Ealing Dean, and five
years with R. Clarke. Twickenham; well up in Soft-wooded
Plants.— J. MAY. 2. May Villa, Isleworth.

To NurserymeiL

GROWER. — Age 23 ; six years' experience
in Market Nurseries. Good character. — J, S., Biggs'
Nursery, George Lane. Lewisham, Kent.

ROOM and GARDENER.— Age 34, mar-

ried, respectable. Good character. — H, M., 43, Wool-
wich Road, Lessness Heath, Kent,

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish-
ment. — Age 22 ; good references as to character and ability .
West of England preferred.— T. TULLETT, The Gardens,
Hemstead Park, Bennenden, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a large place, or
foreman where one or two are kept under gl.1^s —
Aec 25. Good ch.ir.icter.— HEAD GARDENER, or WM
MOOkE, Canipville, North Shields.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in agood establish-

V ment. — Age 53 ; nine years' experience. Good character,
— W. H., II, Leyvenden Road, Old Dover Road, Blackheath,
Kent.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses,

^* under Head Gardener.— Eight years' experience. Excellent
testimonials as to character and ability. Total abstainer. Please
state wages.— E. V., West Drayton, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN, where several are kept.—
Age 21 ; four years' experience. Good reference. —
G. WELLAND, Peper Harow, iie.ir Godalming, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—

CJ Age 18 ; has been six years in present situation. Bothy
preferred. — G. PAGET, The Gardens, Wroxall Abbey,
Warwick.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 22.— J. Jefferson,

tJ Worksop, Notts, wishes to recommend a young man that
has served under him (or the last two and a half years. Indoois
preferred.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

tr establishment. —Age 22 ; six and a half years' experience.
Good references.— E. TICKNER, Sharps Corner, Horsham
Road. Hawkhurst, Sus?ex.

JMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 19;

J- £,1 premium. South of England preferred. Four years'
experience.— W. W., 5, Webberia Park Road, Ryde.

JMPROVER, in the Houses, under a good

J- Foreman.— Age ig ; six years' experience. Good character
and recommendation.— G. H. F., Langton Villa, Sunninghill,
Ascot, gerks.

To GARDENERS.— A young man (age 2t)
desires a situation in a good Garden where four or five
are kept, where he would have an opportunity of Learning
Gardening fully ; no objection to pay a small Premium. Bothy
preferred.— JAMES PERKIN. Heath, Stourbridge.

""PO GARDENERS.— Wanted to^^ace a Boy ,

-L (age 15), with eighteen months' previous experience, in a
Gentleman's Garden, where he may obtain a knowledge of the
profession. Small Premium not objected to, — A, E., Mrs.
Randall, Greenford, near Southall.

Seed Bu&lness.
SHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30;

^ twelve years* experience. Well up in the arrangement of
Cut Flowers for Bouquets, Wreaths, &c.— A, K., 144, Clifton
Street, Roath. Cardiff.

To Seedsmen.

OHOPMAN, or HEAD WAREHOUSE-

*^ Man.— Age 26 : twelve years' experience in Garden,
Flower, and Agricultural Seed Departments. Has been in
business on his own account in Scotland for two years. Would
have no objection to Manage a Colonial Branch. Highest
references given.— ALBA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN.— Age 25. Ten years' experi-
ence.— BRAS3ICA, 57, Brighton Street, Peas Hill Road,
Nottingham.

SHOPMAN (Under), where advertiser could
improve himself in knowledge of general Shop Work,
Four years' experience —Testimonials, &c., of Mr. F. W.
COOPER, Florist and Seedsman, Walks Nursery, Hunlim-don.

SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Age 28, married;
thoroughly steady, honest, trustworthy, and obliging.
Experienced. In England or abroad. Well recommended.—
SEEDS. Matfield, Brenchley. Staplehurst, Kent.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT), in a good Retail
Establishment.— Age 21 ; five and a half years' experi-
ence. Place with Niursery connection preferred. Can be well
recommended.— W. B., Messrs, Hurst & Son, 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.

AMPLE CLERK, or correspondent!

— Wanted, a situation with a Seed Merchant, as above ;
competent to Travel. Good references.— A. J.. David Allesler,
6, Market Buildings, Mark Lane, London, E.G.

Traveller. — Advertiser can undertake
Sundries and any other branch in Horticulture or Agri-
culture.—T. F. S., 26, Graveney Road, Lower Tooting, S.W.

RAVELLER, in the Nursery Trade.— Ex-

perienced : re<juires an engagement either permanent or
temporary. Moderate terms,- X., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

To seedsmen and FL'oRISTS.—
Wanted by a respectable willing and active young man
situation in a Seedsman and Florist's. Good references. — B.,
Mr. Weedon, St. John's Nursery, Ealing,

HOLLOWAY'S pills.— Weak Stomachs.
—The distressing symptoms arising from enfeebled di
gejtion are almost numberless, and all of them can be readily
dispelled by these admirable Pills. They clean the furred
tongue and remove all unpleasant tastes from the mouth, with
flatulency and constipation. Holloway's Pills rouse the vto-
mach, liver, and every other organ, helping digestion to that
healthy tone which fully enables it to convert all we eat and
drink to the nourishment of our bodies. Hence these Pills are
the surest strengtheners and ihe satest restoratives in nevous
ness. wasting and chronic debility. Holloway's Pills are in-
fallible remtJies for impaired appetite, eructations, and a
multitude of other disagreeable symptoms which render miser-
able the lives of thousands of our fellow creatures. These Pills
are approved by all classes.

96

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 19, 18

J. BKUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W. ;

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES,
in Wood and Iron.

= Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
tvith Prices, Post'/ree.

PARISIAN GREENHOUSE BLINDS.,

Made of Wood and Zinc only.

Medals Awarded : Paris, Marseilles, Bordeaux, &c.

Sole Agents for Great Brita n,

W. RICHARDSON & CO.,

North or England Horticulturvl Works,
DAKLINGTON.

DEANE & CO.'S
CONSFRVATOfilf^ fj GRFEMHOUSES.

Theprces t, c u e tKLClING H MPLFIE w ih

all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen mtks of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... isft. bygft. .. 2-.ft by 12ft. .. 25ft. byisft.
Price.. j^Tfi- •• ^4z JOJ'- •• ^i^-

LEAN-TO GPEENHOUSE.
Size.. loft. by 6 ft. uft. by 8ft. 150. by loll. 20ft. by 12ft.
Price. £,ig ioj. £,2^ roJ. _ £2^ \os. £,^o.

Proporiionate prices iur other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
T.OUGH BOROUGH
Hc-)T-WATER APPAKA-
'1"US, corriplele as !-hown,
with 12 ft. of <v-in. Hot-water
Pipe, £^ 41.

s The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-

ratns nmde. It requires

no brick ;.ctimg, no stokebole, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
aud hnrns more ihan twelve hours without attention.

Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE &
^tf), LONDON

CO.,
BRIDGE.

HORTIOniTDRAl STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0.

lid

-is •

■a S

n
o
■z

H

HOT-WATEXl APPAKATDb for WAKMINU CHURLHES bCHOOLS PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANSIONS,
HAl'.NESS K MS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GREENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

Catalogues and lists post-free o>i application.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peacli Houses. Forcing Housob, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utihty, economy, and duiabihty cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that thf vrrv best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens de^iicned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to ine largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Platis, Estimates uttd Catalogues /ree. Citstotners waited on in any part of the Kingdom,

Our Maxim is and always has beeti —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST M A T E R I A L P.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.

MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, with the least obstruction to light and Sim the greatest Strength and r.lgldltY.

The best Materials and Workni.^nship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Kedals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, ^'c, recently erected by M. dr" Co., /or 24 stamps.

MESSENaBK & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Editorial Communications should be addre=5;ed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv, Agnhw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Cily ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WelilnRton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturcav. July 19, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hhvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs, J. Mbnzirs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

/

./

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Cstablifijjeti 1841.

No. 552.— Vol. XXII.JsS'.es.} SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1884.

{Registered at the General f_
Post-office as a Newspaper, f;

Price 5d.

POSl-FRUE, 5j(/.

CONTENTS.

Algx of Granton Quarry

Apples, early

Auricula, Page's Cham-
pion

Bacteria

Burford Lodge, Dorking

Campanula thyrsoides ..

Caterpillars on the Oak

Chiswick confereDCe, the
proposed

Chenies and ics Cbernes

Cranberries

Crinum Sanderianum . .

Commerce, curiosities in

Coriaria tuscifolia

Eulophia pulchre diver-
gens

Ftower garden, the

Forestry, a school of ..
,. Indian

Gardeners' Royal Bene-
volent Institution

Hardy fruit garden

Hypericum empetrifolium

Inventions, new ..

Jersey gardens, a peep
into some

Kitchen garden, the

May Island, the ..

Melons and Grapes at
Longford Castle

Nomenclature, trinomial

Orchid notes

Oak tree destroyed by

lightning
Peach, Alexander
Peas, sweet, Mr. Eck-

ford's
Plants, effects of insects
on

,, herbaceous, at Swan-
ley .. ..

,, new garden

„ the people's
Potato crop, the -. 10 r,

,, disease
Queen's Park, Glasgow
Kothamstcd experiments
Salisbury Rose show
Scotch Pine, the
Societies : —

National Carnation and
Picotee

National Rose Society

Royal Horticultural ..

Sheffield Botanical and
Horticultural
Strawberries at Ment-

more

Sydney Botanic Garden
Vanda Sanderiana
Violas, bedding ..
Ward's Grape trough . .
Wayside flowers and

aquatics
Weather, the

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Campanula thyrsoides 105

Potato, a super-tuberated .. 117

Scotch Pine, the 113

Wajd's Grape troughs • T09

The Fruit Crops.
n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

-* (price 5</., Post-free sM*^.) for AUGUST 2

WILL CONTAIN THE

ANNUAL TABtrtATED REPORT ON THE CONDITION

OF THE FRUIT CROPS.

Hay be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents,

and at the Railway Bookstalls.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be fnad^ payable at

DRURY LANE.

T

Now Ready, Is clotli, 163.,
'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Montlu.

Agent for America : — C H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.

BISHOP AUCKLAND FLORAL, HORTI-
CULTURAL. and INDUSTRIAL SHOW, FRIDAY.
Augtut 8. Catalogues now ready.

ROBERT W. THOMPSON. Secretary.

MAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL SHOW of FLOWERS. FRUITS, and
VEGETABLES will be held in Kidwells Park on THURS-
DAY, August 14. By kind permission of Col. F, Bumaby, the
Band of the Royal Horse Guards, under the direction of
Mr. C. Godfrey, will perform until 7 P.M. About 2c o Prizes,
Arom 60J. downwards, will be offered ; and 100 Prizes for
Cottagers* Produce (no Entrance Fees in this Class) Entries
close August 7, except for Cottagers, who can enter up to
August 9- Admission. N on- subscribers, 2J. 6rf. from 1 until
half-pa*:t 3 o'clock ; and is. from half-past 3 until 6 o'Clock ;
after 6 o'Clock, 6(/. Tickets may be had of Mr. DURRANT,
Treasurer; and Mr. BURNHAM, the Library. Schedules

"LyP^"St^g%°Iidenhead. »-■ »■ ^ING, Sec.

RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY, 18S4.
The CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW of the above Society
will be held in the Castle Hotel Rooms, NOVEMBER 13 and
14. There are Forty Open Classes in this Show. Schedules

°L^G°.^'rgrs''tr;;rRrcgd°.°'° j- «■ ^^^^' h°°- s-c

HUDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
The FIRST EXHIBITION wUl he held in the Town Hall,
Huddersfield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November 14
and IS. Schedules and Entry Forms are now ready, and may

■"Ma^? SSjSeld! M- JO"" BELL. Hon. Sec.

Daffodil. Daffodilly, Daffodotnidllllea.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, 13, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.

Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, LUles, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free, on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the nowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Bedding, from 125. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.
Fifteenth year of distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN, u. 6(^. per doz., loj.per 100.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage tree for
cash with order. Above are strong and fit for potting into
3-inch pots.

JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.

Hyaclntha, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, £cc.

BUDDKNBURG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

OUR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,
just issued, contain all the North American Lilies, Rare
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti, Fritillarias, Heuchera micrantha,
&c,, Ferns and Cypripedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order,
at unprecedentealy low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

To Exblbitors and Others.

WILLS AND SEGAR,
Flokists to the Queen and the Prince of Wales,
have several fine Plants of the following choice PALMS to
dispose of at moderate prices, or would EXCHANGE for
LARGE PALMS, such as Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthia
etegans, &c.

LATANIA AUREA, t ARECA SPECIOSA,
LATANIA RUBRA. | THRINAX ELEGANS.

Royal Exotic Nursery, Onslow Crescent, South Kensington,
London, S.W.

To the Continental and Foreign Horticultural Trade

and OTHERS.

WILLIAM DENMAN, SALESMAN and
Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, London,
W.C, is now open to receive instructions for the DISPOSAL
of all kinds of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
ORCHIDS, NURSERY STOCK, BULBS, SEEDS, &c.

Having had long practical experience in all branches of
Horticulture, and being connected with numerous Market and
other large Growers, W. D. is in a position to dispose of very
large quantities of various stock, more especially Lily of the
Valley, Spira;as. Azaleas, Tuberoses, Bulbs, and such things as
are forced annually in enormous quantities.

Early communications, with Catalogues, are requested.

Q U E L C H AND B ARN H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS. STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

WANTED, in quantity, PELARGONIUM
CUTTINGS, best Exhibition varieties, correctly
named. Specify variety and lowest cash price to
E. J. JARMAN, The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

ANTED, SNOWDROPS^ CROCUS,

NARCISSI, and other English-grown BULBS. Any
quantity. Samples and lowest prices to

ALFRED BARKER, rstA, Holloway Road, London, N.

ANTED, Specimen Plant of PHOENO-

COMA PROLIFERA BARNESI. about 3 feet across,
in perfect health. Price. &c., to

JOHN STEWART and SONS, Nurserymen, Dundee.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, FRUIT and Flower
SALE.'iMEN, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES, LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

s

For Present Sowing.
UTTON'S FLORISTS' FLOWER

SEEDS, post-free.

SUTTON'S CALCEOLARIA. The Best.
" Some plants from your Calceolaria seed took first pri/e
here last week. I never saw anything to equal them." — Sir A.
Ramsby, May 22, 1884.

Price. 2J. dd. and 55. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S CINERARIA. The Best.

" We have a most splendid display of Cinerarias from
your strain ; as many as 345 blooms on one plant, some ■2% inches
across, and all perfect in shape." — Mr. J. Watton, March 20,
1884. Price, IS. 6d. and 55. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S PRIMULA. THE BEST.

"The strain of Primula you sent me is the best 1 have
ever seen."— Mr. S. Pearcb, December 13, 1883.

Price, 2J. ^d., 35. td., and 51. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S BEGONIA. The Best.

*' Your prize Begonia was superb." — Mr. G. Cooper.
Price, 2J. dd. and jf. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S GLOXINIA. The Best.

"The Gloxinia seed germinated finely, and I never had
such magnificent flowers."— Mr. Jno. Marshall. ,
Price, 2.S. td. and 5J. per Packet, post-free.

s

UTTON AND SONS,

THE Queen's Seedsmen,

"READING, BERKS.

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New (1884) and
Old English and Foreign sorts, from i8j. to 365. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

PRIMULAS. — PRIMULAS. —
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, ri. 6d, per dozen, lor. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

OR SALE, 1000 MYRTLES in 7-inch pots,

and 1000 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM in o-inch pots.
JOHN ROCHFORD, Page Green Nurseries, Tottenham.

TNDIAN LILIE sT-^Flowering^^Bulbs of

X L. neilgherrense, is. 6^. each ; L. Wallichianum, ns. 6d.
and 3r. 6ii. each: L. polyphyllum, 2r. 6d. and 3s. erf. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. All Orders for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Kotagiri, NUgiris, India.

New" AUTUMN TRADE LIST
of BULBS, including Narcissus, Lilies, Snowdrops,
Chionodoxa Lucilia:. Freesias, Lily of the Valley, and a large
Collection of Miscellaneous Bulbs and Tubers, is now ready,
free on application to
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham. London.

UGENE VERVAET DE VOS, Indian

Azalea Nursery, Swyna:rde, near Ghent, Belgium, is
now issuing his English Autumn CATALOGUE, which will be
forwarded free on application —

Offering 120.0=0 INDIAN AZALEAS, 80000 AZALEA
MOLLIS, many thousand STOVE and oiherGREENHOUSE
PLANTS— all of the Growers' Culture and at the Growers' Prices.
An inspection is respectfully solicited.

TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

_LX Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS* Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

USTRALI AN FERN TREES

(BALANTIUM ANTARCTICUM).

Orders for next spring will be promptly attended to.

Price, loj. per foot under 5 feet high, i2j. 6d. per foot over 5 feet

high, free to London.

They are the same as at the Crystal Palace Shows.

WM. T. SCHOENING, G.P.O.. Melbourne, Australia.

Bush Hill ParlK Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES. ROSES, and other Outdoor
Nursery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nursery, near the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the GJass
Erections, which consist of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
three Houses, averaging upwards of 100 leet in length, many of
them 25 feet wide, containing Acacias. Azaleas, Adiamums.
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracsenas, Ericas, Gardenias, Genistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines. Palms Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
nums, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

STRAWBERRIEST— Strong^Roots, 4^. pe7
100. Plants, in small pots. i6s. per loo ; ditto, in large
pots, 25J. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNE^^

are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of varieties with Prices on application.

" A Book about Strawberries," 3//.

W. LOVEL ANU SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

98

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Tuesday Next.— Imported Orcliids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE of FLOWERING
ORCHIDS, to take place at their Central Auction Rooms, 67
and 68. Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT, July 29. a
consignment of CATTLEYA LABIATA, C. FORBESI. C.
LEOPOLDI, and others, received direct from the Brazils in
first-class condition ; together with about 200 lots of Imported
ORCHIDS from Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.— Orchids In Bloom.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, July 29,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 150 lots of ORCHIDS m
flower, from several well-known collections, including many
beautiful varieties of Odontoglossums, Masdevallias and Catt-
leyas, a fine specimen of Oncidium Papilio, the rare Odonto-
glossum bictonense alba, and others.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Friday Next.— Established and Imported Orchids.

MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA (syn. Crossi).

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT.
August I. about ninety lots of valuable ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, from the well known Collection of a Private Gen-
tleman, including : — Cypripedium Fairrieanum, in flower,
extremely rare, a nice healthy plant ; and a splendid specimen
ofC. Harrisonianum ; together with a grand lot of IMPfJRTED
ORCHIDS irom Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, com-
prising Masdevallia racemosa (syn. Crossi), Cattleya Mendeli,
with flower-sheaths ; Masdevallia ephippium, grand variety ;
Vanda Sanderiana, Odontoglossum vexillarium rubellum, On-
cidium umbellatum, and other fine ORCHIDS.

On vi«w morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
Highly Important SALE of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
being the third portion of the valuable Collection of J. S.
Bockelt, Esq., of The Hall, Stamford Hill, N., who is re-
moving, the Estate being at once required for Building
Purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on
FRIDAY NEXT, August i, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
the third portion of this valuable COLLECTION of ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS. Amongst many other fine things will
be found : —

Cattleya exoniensis''

,, Mossise McMorlandse
Phalasnopsis Portei

,, Stuariiana
Dendrobium Griflithianum

Ljelia anceps Dawsoni

„ elegans Turneri
Oncidium macranthum'
Vanda coirulea
Lycaste bkinneri alba.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (Tele-
phone No. i8og).

N.B. — The STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
GLASS ERECTIONS, COWS, valuable HORSES, and
EFFECTS will be SOLD, on the Premises, on THURSDAY,
August 7. (See separate Advertisement.)

Stamford Hill. N.

A few minutes' walk from the Stamford Hill Railway Station.

CLEARANCE SALE in consequence of the Estate being at

at once required for Building Pui poses.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with mstructions from J. S. Bockett, Eyq.,
who is leaving the residence, to SELL by AUCTION on the
Premises, The Hall, Stamford Hill, N., on THURSDAY,
August 7, at I o Clock precisely, the whole of the well grown
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, fine specimen
Camellias, Lapagerta alba. Orchids m variety, Ferns, Palms,
and other foliage Plants, the erections of 5 GREENHOUSES
and fittings, zcoo feet of 4-inch hot-water PIPING, 3 Milch
COWS, valuable HORSES. 20 Store PIGS, 60 head of
POULTRY. 2000 feet of IRON FENCING. GARDEN IM-
PLEMENTS, and numerous effects.

May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catabgues may be
had ot Mr. EBBAGE, the Gardener on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Dutch Bulbs.— Special Trade Sales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have now fi.xed their SALES
of DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS for the coming season. The
FIRST AUCTION will take place on MONDAY, August i3.
This and ihe three following Sales will consist of lots specially
to suLC the Trade and other extensive Buyers, and arrange-
ments have been made for the supply of Roots of the best
quality.

Catalogues will be sent regularly on application.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6696.)
CYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM (Sir Robert Schom-
burgk). Rare importation. This very remarkable species
was described as early as October, 1S40, by Dr. Lindley.
The stem is 2 feet high, panicuiated. After a lapse of
nearly half a century this fine Lindleyan plant has reached
Mr. Sander's hands. Sent home by Mr. Seidl.
CATTLEYA MOSSIvE. fine plants.
CATTLEYAMOSSIyECHlRGUENSIS.verydistinct species.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by ordtr of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NFXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a rare
importation of CYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM. The
pUints are in fine healthy condition. The Sale will include fine
plants of CATTLEYA MOSSI^E, CATTLEYA MOSSIi*)
CHIRGUENSIS, and other valuable importations.

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Lsellopsis Domlngensis.
R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by

AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY, August 6, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, twelve good plants of the handsome
L/ELIOPSIS DOMINGENSIS. This Orchid is extremely
rare, only a few plants are known to exist.

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Cbipperfield, Herts.

2 miles from King's Langley, 6J^ miles from Watford,
and s% miles from Rickmaosworth.
FURNITURE and OUT- DOOR EFFECTS, including Green-
houses, 2 Market Carts, a capital Florist's covered Van, and
a Chestnut Cob. On view.
To Florists, Nurserymen, Furniture Dealers, and Others.

MR. W, B. HALLETT (many years with
Messrs. Oxenham) will SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises of Messrs. Lucking, close to Chipperfield Common,
2j$ miles from King's Langley Station, on MONDAY NEXT,
July aS, at 11 for 12 o'Clock, the

FURNITURE and OUTDOOR EFFECTS,
comprising Greenhouses, with heating appliances by Pegg ;
5 capital Span Pit Lights, 2 Spring Market Carts, a Florist's
Covered Van, a Chestnut Cob, Set of Harness. Chaff Cutting
Machine, sundry Hurdles, lengths of Piping and Guttering,
quantity of Horticultural Glass, Minton Tiles, Flower Pots, and
other items, and the Household Furniture.

On view, and Catalogues on Premises, or forwarded on appli-
cation to the Auctioneer. 11, Queen Victoria Street, E.C ;
and 278, Holloway Road, N. (Telephone Nos. 1609 and 7533.)

Hampton and Hauworth.

IMPORTANT SALE of LAND suitable for Florists and
Nurserymen, together with a pair of well-built Cottage
Residences.

MR. J. EMBLETON will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at the ** Lion " Hotel, Hampton, on
TUESDAY, July 29, at 6 o'Clock in the evening.

Full particulars can be had from the Auctioneer, Mr. J.
EMBLETON, Suffolk House. Hampton.

WANTED TO RENT, on moderate terms,
a few Acres of NURSERY GROUND, or SMALL
NURSERY, with Dwelling-house, near good town.

Apply, H. H.. Gardeners' Chi-onicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-established BUSINESS (of
over 150 years and only changed hands three times) of a
NURSERYMAN. SEEDSMAN, and FLORIST, carried on
for msny years past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurseries, Merriott, near Crewkeme. and at Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse. Princes Street, Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comprise 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coniferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and well stocked Greenhouses, &c.

The Residence, Offices, Stabling, Manager's Villa, and
Cottages, and a portion of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well stocked, and is provided
with newly erected and convenienity-fitted Greenhouses, and
other Erections adapted for the business. These Premises may
also be Purchased or taken on Lease,

The age and state of health of the Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will be prepared to Sell on advantageous terms.

The Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately if so
desired, or the whole affair in its entirety, which would in the
latter case afford an excellent opportunity for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT, Royal Nurseries, Merriott ; or. to Messrs.
SPARKS AND BLAKE, Solicitors, Crewkeme.— June, 1884.

To Gardeners, Nuraerymen, and Others.

FOR SALE, FRUIT HOUSES, containing
over 4500 feet of Glass. A reasonable price will be
accepted. For full particulars apply to

A LANE, The Gardens, Ford Place, Thetford, Norfolk.

M

West Hampatead, N.W.

TO LET, a large GARDEN, about
_^oo by 60 feet, fronting main road. Good business posi-
tion. Suitable for a Nurseryman.

Apply, T. POTTER and SONS, West Hampstead, N.W.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the NURSERY GROUNDS late in thej occupation of
William Corp, consisting of 4 Acres of Land, well stocked with
a fine collection of Hybrid Perpetual and Tea-scented Koses.
worked on the seedling and cultivated Brier, Pot Roses, &c. ;
Two large Greenhouses, Potting-shed, Stable, ftc.; situate on
Cowley Marsh, near Oxford, about five minutes' walk from
tramway terminus.

Full particulars may be obtained from W. KIRTLAND,
Chipping Norton ; and to view the same apply to GEORGE
STREET, at the Nursery.

TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

Ferns —Ferns— Ferns.

HB. MAY offers the following varieties,
• strong, clean, healthy Plants, in single pots : —

Adiantum cuneatum, A. pubescens, Pteris argyrea, P. serru-
lata major, P. serrulata major cristala, P. cretica albo-lineata,
P. hastata, Doryopteris palmata, Cyrtomium falcatum. -zs. td.
per dozen. 165. per 100 ; Gymnogramma peruviana, G. Wetten-
hailiana, Pteris cretica albo-Iineata cristata, P. tricolor, 35. per
dozen, 20J. per 100. Packing included. Cash with order.

Dyson's Lane Nursery. Edmonton ; and 133, 134, and 135,
Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C,

Sow Now for Early Flowering in Spring.

ROEMER'S Superb Prize PANSY SEED.
KW The best Pansy Seed in the World, '^a
FANCY YARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, loi. per ounce, td. per packet.
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, 5^. per ounce, td. per packet.
FANCY and SHOW VARIETIES, fine, mixed, 31. per ounce,

3(f. per packet.
ASSORTMENT of 18 splendid distinct varieties, containing

each I packet, 3J.
CAREFULLY SAVED only from named E.\hibition Flowers.

of all varieties, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, -zs.

per 1000 seeds, td, per packet.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED SHOW VARIETIES, new and

distinct, flowers up to 4 inches in diameter, 6j. per 1000

seeds, is. 6rf. per packet.
My Pansy gained the First Prize at the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884.
For separate sorts see CATALOGUE, forwarded post-free on
application.
FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower; Qucdlinburg, Germany.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nurserymen,
• Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.— The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) of Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants for
1SS4 and 18S5, is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. The
Catalogue, although giving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 pages 8vo. in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. The
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT HERE REFUSE.

4^. per bushel ; loo for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40i. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. W. per sack
5 sacks, 25J. ; sacks, \d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, ss. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
4/^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. grf. per bushel; 151. per half
ton, 26s. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. f>d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WriteforFree
Price LIST.— H, G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.
Ti^lBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
-L BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qnaliiy for Orchids,
Stove Plants.&c, £661. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15s.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags, 225. 6i/. ; 10 Bags,
45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM. 105. 61/. per Bag.

SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52s. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ne\yly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 255., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Nonh-Western, and Midland, other lines 305., in sacks i j. ;
30 sacks £,1 55. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound"
Yard, and 153, High Street, F.attersea, S.W, Established 1872.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepaied to make special offers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in truckloads. Terms on application. In
sample bags, \s. dd. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
6s. per bag ; twenty bags for $s. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, 45. per bag ; five bags foi 17^- 6d.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD. COCOA FIBRE, MATS.
RAFFIA. CORK. GUANO (Real Peruvian), .STICKS.
LABELS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, 3(/. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 35J. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is.6d. per bushel ; 12s. 6d. per % ton ;
22J, per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, is. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is. 6d. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, zs. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 71. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered — a very powerful
Fertiliser, ijs. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, 18s, per cwt. ; 561b.,
IIS.; 7 lb., zs. 6d. All bags td. each.

Terms, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION.
Station Road, Elephant and Castle. S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. -^d. per
sack ; 10 for t2j., rs for 171 , 30 for 305. : all sacks mcluded.
Trucks (loose), 33J, Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51, per
sack ; 5 for zzs. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 45. td. per sack ; 5 for
20s. : sacks 4^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, rs. 6d. per bushel,
35s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at js. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, fj^. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels, Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
8d. per lb. ; Speciaiiti^ Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb.. 281b. 21s. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. Thh Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., latg
19, New Broad Street, E.C.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Gruts, Woolly Aphla, Green and Black Fly, Lice,

Kea Spider, Thrlpa, Mealy-Bug, Caterpillars,

AntB, Worms, &c.

FIR TREE OIL

INSECTICIDE GI'VTt'Ie)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that

Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Clears (irapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Biids. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., ss. 6d., and 4s. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. 12s. f'd., or less in larger quantities. Per post 3^. extra.
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Wholesale :-HOOPER& CO.; CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND CO.; C E. OSMAN and CO,; and from all the London

Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

Now York :-ROLKKR ani* SONS.

July 26, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

99

,^^'>^\.'\^ 'm*' ALSO FOR

"JoV^/ii-^"'" PONY and
^^..!;^ HORSE-POWEP

'■fC^ Send for Illustraled Price Listi
to the SOLE MAKERS,

AT EACH OF THE

THREE GREAT CONTESTS-^^^i^ '^^*"

Birmingham, 1874, "i^^^\^^ ^,^*^^^^

Manchester, 1881, ,.,i^5??^" ^^••*'' H^^^^S- ## '^'nin'

London, 1882. ,^^^^^oA> ••***

MEDAL

EVER OFFERED
IN ENGLAND.

JOHN CROWLEY &, CO.. SHEFFIELD.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

AND H EATI NG
ENGINEERS.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS

VINERIES

Erected in correct style by

competent men.

CONSERVATORIES.

GREENHOUSES

For all parts of the World of
class materials.

GARDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VARIETY in Stock or Made to Order.

No. 74 Three- quarter
Span-roof Garden
Frame.

Cash Prices.

Carriage

Paid.

No. 2 .. S feet long .. 6 feet wide .. ;C4 15 o

No. 3 .. 12 feet long -. 6 feet wide .. 6 10 o

No. 4 . . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide , . 850

These Frames are 11 inches deep io front. 22 inches deep at

back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turn over.

Sei-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of

best oil colour, the lights glazed with best 7.x-oz. English glass.

General CATALOGUE post-free, (weniy-foui

No. 75. Melon or Cucumber Frames.

Cash Prices, Carriage Paid,
No. 2 . . S feet long . , 6 feet wide . . ;£$ 7 6
No. 3 .. 12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 4 17 6
No. 4 . . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights aie 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
coloui, the lights glazed with 21-oz. English glass.
penny stamps. Estimates and Lists post-free.

DEANE&CO.'S GARDEN FURNITURE

LAWN MOWEBS.
20 PER CENT.

FOR CASH OFF MAKERS-
PRICES.

Carriage Paid.

GARDEN ENGINES.

12 gall., 63^.; 16 gall., 80J.
24 gall., loof.; 30 gall., 120J.

All the best makes of Lawn Mowers
in Stock — EXCELSIOR, IN-
VINCIBLE, SHANK S',
GREEN'S, RANSOME'S, EASY.

GARDEN ROLLERS.

Single Cylinder.

16-in., 32J.; i8-in., 35J.; 20-in., 45^-

22-in., 52^.; 24-in., 63.^.; 26-in., 8o5.

Double Cylinder.

, 52i.; 20-in., 6or. ; 22-in., 70^.

24-in., 80J. ; 26-in,, gojr, ; 2S-iD., 115,1.

PATENT WATER BALLAST
ROLLERS.

Weight— Empty. Full.

cwts. qrs, cwts. qrs. Price

:S in 2 2 .. .. 3 3 .... ,£3

21 in 3 1 5 I 4

24 in 4 I . . ■ ■ 8 o . ■ . 5

2710 6 2 .... 12 o .... 7

30 in 8 2 .... 16 o .... 10

Pony and Horse Rollers from ;£S loj.

Strong Wood Barrow ,
Ditto, with loose top

Swing Water Barrow,
w^th galvanised cistern,
i5gall.,3or. ; 20 gall-, 36J.
30 gall., 46.1. ; 40 gall. , 541.

Suburban Seat, 5 ft. 17J.; 6 ft,, igj.
Strong and easy.the cheapest seat made.
Garden Seats in Great Variety.

Summer Houses, Vases, Water Carts, Wire Netting, Hurdles, and Tools of all Descriptions.

DEANE AND CO;S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN FURNITURE GRATIS AND POST-FREE.

Orders over ^-2 sent carriage free to any Railway Station. Discount on cash payments.

DEANE & CO.. 46, King William StreeTTONDON BRIDGE. E.G.

DAFFODIL CONFERENCE

AT SOUTH KENSINGTON.

Two Large COLOURED PLATES (19 in. X 13 in.) of

" DAFFODILS."

Price 6d. each. Post-free "jd.
W. RICHARDS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C,

BEESON'S

MANURE.

This is the Manure now used by the leading Nurserymen
and Rose Growers. Price, 12b. per CWt,, carriage paid for
Cash. In Sealed Bags, thoroughly air-tight. Also in is. Tins ;
per Parcels Post, is. 6d. It will keep for any length of time, and
is the best Manure for all purposes in the Flower, Fruit, or
Kitchen Garden, References, Directions for Use, &c., on
application to

W.H.Beeson.CarbrookBonelVlills, Sheffield.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen, ,

Ch'Lutars, witk full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1S59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the calte against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, u., 3s., and 1.0s. 6ti.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London,

I NEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,

at 8d. and gd. per lb,, 281b. i8s. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

SILVER SAND, fine and coarse, 24s. and
40i-. per truck of 4 tons. PEAT, 40s. and 50s. per truck
of 10 cubic yards. LOAM, 40J. and 50J. per truck of 6 cubic
yards. SILVER SAND, FEAT, and LOAM, in sacks, at
moderate prices.

W. SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns,

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains, Rib-
grass, &C-, and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36^. per cwt. ; aS lb. tins, loj. ;
56 lb. kegs, 19J. each ; sample tins, 51.. 2s. 6d. and is.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row. Leeds.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

VIRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,
Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, lo, Carlton Place,
GlaSfiOW ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

Under tlie Patronage of the Queen.

J SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
. STRATFORD LABELS.

F

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
L SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on-A von.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 50, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

B

TEK SILVER

AWARDED

MEDALS

TO

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES. FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green ; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6tl. Book of Designs, ir.

100

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

LTULY 26, 1884.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/., E 18/-, F 12/.
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

Collections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-, H 18/-, J 18/-. K 12/.. Lg/- per dot.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
RaT«, and Beautiful

. FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in cultivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Species and Varieties free on application.
. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), Containing 75 Illustra-
t^on^ t4 Ferns and Selaginelias, valuable *' Hmts on ftrn
Culture," and other useful and interesting information,

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE. MANCHESTER.

GRAPE VINES.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NUESERIES, GARSTON,
have this Season a splendid Stock of Grape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catalogues, -with full particulars, on application,

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.
Free by Parcels Post.
12 for IS. (^. ; 6 for js. 6d., fine bulbs of Early
White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for
early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,
Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., ready August 1, also free
by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

Lalng's
Roman
Hya-
cinths.

NEW ROSES for 1884.

Cranston's
NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited)

ARE NOW ISSUING THEIR

SPRING CATALOGUE,

Which will be forwarded free on application.

It comprises a Selection of the best
NEW ENQL.ISH and FRENCH ROSES,
a choice assortment of TEA-SCENTED,
NOISETTE, and other varieties suitable for
Spring Planting, also CLEMATIS, BEDDING
and HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price List sent free to any address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels* Defiance Giant Early Marrow, \s. pkt., -iS. 6d. per oz,

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, zs. 6d. pkt., 2s. td. per 02.

Daniels' LitlleQueen, superfineearlydwarf, ij 6</.pkt, is td oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers, Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing,

Daniels' Golden Rocca, fine straw-coloared skia, jj. td. per

packet. 31. 6(/. per cz
Daniels' Giant Rocca. weight 2 to 3 lb., u, per oz., los. per lb,
Daniels' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and best Silver^

skm Onion known, \5. td. per packet. 31. td. per oz.
Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, Zd.

per oz., ts. per lb,

DANIELS BROS., Seed Merchants^ORWICH.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen laj. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cuttbg. Free by Parcels

Lain^s
Begonia
Tutiers.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

wJiich are now ripening Large Crops of Fnnt.

Post.

EegonU Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 2. 50 for the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBBIDG-EWQBTH, HERTS.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.

DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

James Veitch & Sons

^ BSG TO ANNOUNCE THEV HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,

and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6696.)

CYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM (Sir Robt. Schomburgk).

RARE IMPORTATION.

This very remarkable species was described as early as October, 1S40, by Dr. Lindlev. The
stem is 2 feet high, paniculated. After a lapse of nearly half a century this fine Lindleyan Plant
has reached Mr. S.^nder's hands. Sent home by IWr. Seidl.

CATTLEYA MOSSI/E, fine plants.

CATTLEYA IVIOSSI£ CHIRGUENSIS, very distinct species.

jWTR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great

Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
THURSDAY NEXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'Clocl: precisely, a rare importation of
CYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM. The Plants are ih fine healthy condition. The Sale
will include fine Plants of CATTLEYA MOSSIvE, CATTLEYA MOSSI.-E CHIRGUENSIS,
and other valuable importations.

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,

LONDON, W.C.

FA^VKES'

UNIVERSAL RANGE.

THE CHEAPEST RANGE MANUFACTURED.

May be composed of 2 Vineries and a Plant House ; or Peach House, Vinery, .ind Stove ; or
Melon House, Vinery, and Greenhouse ; or Stove, Greenhouse, and Vinery ; or as various other
combinations. Detailed Prices and particulars post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

TULY 26, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

lOI

^EBBS'

EMPEROR

CABBAGE.

THE BEST CABBAGE in CULTIVATION

ed. and Is. per packet, Is. 6d. per ounce.
I \

Mr. J. Mulr, in the "Journal of Hortl-

tlculture " of May 24, says :—

" Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage

measures 70 feet by 60 feet, and here

we have many sorts growing. The

best of all these at the present time is

WEBBS' EMPEROR."

P«T Ounce, Post-free.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE

ENFIELD MARKET
EARLY RAINHAM
EARLY DWARF YORK
LARGE.RED DUTCH

do.
do.
do.
do. 6d. pkt.

6d.
6d.
6d.
6d.
9d.

ONION, p,.,,,

WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI 6d. .
WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI 6d. .
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI .. 6d. .

GLANT ROCCA 6d. .

WHITE LISBON

WHITE SPANISH or READING

Ounce.
is.
9d.
9d.
is.
6d.

All Garden Seeds free by Post or Rail.
Five per Cent. Discount for Cash.

WEBB &SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

OFFERED FOR EARLY ORDERS : —
HELLEBORUS NIGER, fine strone Plants, 52J. per
1000. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP^EUM, 48s.
per 1000; Smaller Tubers, aSj. per 1000, NARCISSUS
POETICUS, =81. per 1000. LILIUM MARTAGON, 6oj.
per 1000. CYPRIPEDIUM CaLCEOLUS, 1601. per icoo.
VKRATRUM ALBUM, gor. per 1000. Seed of HELLE-
BORUS NIGER, 24J. per kilogramme. A sample of the most
popular and beautiful Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
properly addressed, from

CHRISTOF SLEINPOCK, Altlengbach, Lower Austria.

CYCLAMENS. — Lamb's grand unrivalled
Strain, fit to pot or bloom next winter, twelve for ij. 6(^,,
twenty-four for zs. 6d —all free.

S. SHEPPERSON. Florist, Belper.

CINERARIAS.— Bull's noted Prize Strain
are unrivalled for quality and variety. Twelve good
plants for is. -zd., twenty-four for 2T. ^d. — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON. Florist. Prospect House, Belper.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS!— Bull'ssplendid
Premier Prize Strain, the best strain in cultivation, and
greatest variety of colour — good plants. Twelve for is. 3^.,
twenty-four for is. 3^. — all free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper.

HLANE AND SON respectfully invite their
• Patrons and Friends to visit their Nurseries during
the present month to view their 6ne Collection of ROSES, now
in full bloom. Purchasers can select from many thousands.
Standards, 155. to i8j. per dozen ; Dwarfs, oj. to i7S. per dozen,
A choice and immense stock of RHODODENDRONS,
CONIFERS, TREES and SHRUBS, PRUIT TREES
of all dasciiptions, extensive ORCHARDS in full beating,
VINERIES nf all the leading kinds of Grapes, &c.
The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Heru.

CABBAGE

FOR PRESENT SOWING

SUTTONS

IMPERIAL.

The best
Cnl b^i,'e for

p ing use. If
sown the first
or second week

n luly it will
1 reduce beau-
tiful Cabbapes
foreailyspnng
use Heads
cone shaped,
very targe,
firm and of
mild flavour.

Is per oz ,
post-free.

" Sutton's Imperial is the finest Cabbage I ever grew : it
is not only the handsomest, but the best flavoured Cabbage
I have ever eaten." — Mr. A. S. Campbell, IVare.

Vegetable Seeds Post-free {except Peas and Beans) ; all
goods value 2af. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England or Wales.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

K

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free ol

KELWAY AND SON, Langport.

'^^ixme arid <0£e^.

OUR BEGONIAS.

Beyond all question our Collection of BEGONIAS,
occupying si.\ houses 100 feet each in length, is now, and
will continue all through the season, the finest sight, and
is the finest collection ever seen in this family. We have
many wonderfully fine Seedhngs, such as CITY OF
LONDON and KING OF KINGS (6 inches).
The brilliancy of these e.\ceed any Zonal Pelargonium
ever raised, good habit, and the size enormous. Sur-
passes all conception, and must be seen to be believed.

All are cordially invited. Entrance frorn the itation.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,
SWAN LEY, KENT.

THE BEST WINTER LETTUCE,

COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS.

The hardiest, largest, and broadest leaved
variety in cultivation, a decided improvement
on the Bath Cos.

Per Packet Is., post-free.

From Mr. H. W. WARD, Head Gardener to The Right
Hon. the Earl of Radnor : — " I have no hesitation in pronounc-
ing it to be the finest Winter and Spring Lettuce that 1 am
acquainted with. ''

From Mr. I. HORSEFIELD, Head Gardener toVa^'SX^'Ki
Hon. Lord Heytesbury :— " Your New Lettuce in my opiaiOQ
is a decided improvement on the original Bath Cos."

OEO. COOLINO & SON, SEEDSMEN BATK

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1884.

THE POTATO CROP.

WE are enabled in our present issue to give
a preliminary report as to the condition
and prospects of the Potato crop in various
parts of the kingdom, and, from all we hear,
there cannot be much doubt that, when we are
enabled to publish the larger series of reports
which has already reached us that their general
tenor will be the same.

From all sides we hear that the crop is
likely to be a good one, the tubers will be
abundant, though small, from the extraordinarily
dry season we have gone through. For the
same reason there is at present comparatively
little disease. The fungus has indeed put in an
appearance in various localities, having doubt-
less been planted in diseased sets, but so far the
atmospheric and climatal conditions have
not been favourable to its spread and develop-
ment. The disease, instead of being general,
occurs in isolated patches, often only on
individual plants. It is needless to say how
much good might be done now, when the mis-
chief is thus isolated and small in amount, by at
once uprooting the diseased plants and destroy-
ing them by burning, if possible ; or, as that is
a difficult matter in the case of fresh haulm and
tubers, by burying them at a considerable depth
and covering them with quick-lime. If near
the sea, the diseased tubers and haulm might
be thrown into the sea. All this may sound
unpractical, and people of the do-nothing school
will say either that it cannot be done, or that
the trouble and expense will outweigh the
advantage. Upon this point we join issue.
We believe we have it in our power, especially
in such a season as this, if not to stamp out the
disease entirely, which is an impossibility, at
least to very greatly reduce it, and if so, our
duty is plain enough. To uproot the tubers
and allow the haulm to lie about on the
plots or fields, even for a day, is positively
to court the development of the disease ; to use
the haulm as packing, as we see constantly
done, is to favour the spread of the disease in
about as successful a manner as could be
adopted were that the object aimed at ; and to
give the tubers as food for pigs is scarcely less
reprehensible. People who do not take ordi-
nary care, and especially those who wilfully
cause the spread of the disease in any of the
manners indicated, are nothing more nor less
than enemies to Society, and should be treated
as such. Of course, our remarks apply more
especially to the early varieties. As to the
later crops we shall know more later on. Mean-
while the recent rains have had a tendency to
favour the development of the disease, so that
early lifting is more than ever desirable.

Growers are congratulating themselves that
the recent rainfall is doing good by causing
the tubers to swell, and thus produce a greater
crop. If weight alone had to be considered
no doubt there would be room for congra.
tulation, but it is a question whether any
increase in weight that takes place now (in the
earlier varieties at least) is not chiefly an

102

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 1884,

increase in the amount of water in the tuber.
It is not liliely, speaking generally, that the
amount of starch, of potash, and other ingre-
dients which render the tuber so valuable as a
food product will now be increased in propor-
tion to the augmented amount of water. In the
case of early ripened Potatos, whose maturity
has been hastened by the hot, dry weather, the
proportion of valuable ingredients is necessarily
large. If water be added now it is more than
likely that the insoluble starch will be converted
into sugar, and that the tubers will begin to
grow— to supertuberate, as the garden phrase
has it, as in the illustration at fig. 27, p. 117.
All such growth, being at the e.xpense of the
parent tuber, is so much sheer loss to the
cultivator.

From'practical observation for many years we
are strongly of opinion that the disease may be
reduced in amount, and we have often seen a
cottager's little plot ruined by the neglect to pull
up and destroy a single diseased plant immedi-
ately that it is seen ; and we are convinced also
that in some cases such a step has saved the
greater part of the crop.

In the interests, therefore, especially of small
growers, where the disease is so much more
easily combated, we do earnestly urge the imme-
diate destruction, where possible, of root and
top, when disease occurs in isolated plants. On
a large scale, from lack of co-operation among
neighbouring growers, this is a more difficult
but still not an impossible matter ; but on a small
scale it can be done, and the benefit to our
poorer neighbours would in the aggregate be
very large indeed.

CRINUM (CODONOCRINUM) SANDERIANUM,
n. j/.*

This is a very distinct new Crinum, which has just
been imported in a living state from Sierra Leone by
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans. It is allied
to C. zeylanicum, but is much smaller in bulb and
leaf, with a few sessile flowers resembling those of its
geographical neighbour, C. yuccaeflorum, of which a
figure will be found in the Botanical Magazine, at
tab. 2121, under Herbert's name of Crinum
Broussonetii. It is evident that Tropical Africa
is the true headquarters of the genus. Bulb globose,
2 inches diameter, with brown membranous tunics,
and a cylindrical neck under an inch in diameter, and
2 — 3 inches long. Leaves ensiform, thin in texture,
I 14 foot long, I — \\ inch broad, narrowed gradu-
ally from the middle to a long point, much undulated
towards the broad, membranous, obscurely denticu-
lated margins. Flowers 3 — 4 in an umbel, quite
sessile, subtended by a pair of lanceolate-deltoid,
green, spathe-valves, 3—4 inches long. Perianth with
a curved cylindrical tube, 5—6 inches long, and a
horizontal limb 4 inches long, with six permanently
connivent, lanceolate, acuminate segments under an
inch broad, with a conspicuous red keel. Stamens in-
cluded, declinate. Anthers linear-oblong, \ inch
long. Style reaching to the tip of the perianth-
segments. J. G. Baker,

EULOPHIA PULCHRA (Lindl.) DlVERGENs, n. var.

Such is the name I propose for a fresh variety
kindly sent by Mr. W. Vanner, of Chislehurst, with a
beautiful raceme. Its lip is much broader in front ;
going out into two diverging retuse shanks. The
species would appear to vary much in the lip. A
typical specimen of Du Petit Thouars himself I ex-
amined shows a totally distinct lip from that repre-
sented by the excellent author. Mr. W. Vanner kindly
informs me that he received the plant under the
name of Cymbidium rhodocharis. H. G. Rihb. f,

* Crinum {Codonocrinum) Sandcrianum, n. sp. — Bulbo
globoso pro genere parvo ; foliis ensiformibus tenuibus glabris
semi-pedalibus valde undulatis margine scariosis ; umbellis
paucifloris ; floribus sessilibus ; periantbii tubo cyliodriato cur-
vato 5 — 6 poUicari, limbi segmentis laoceolatis acummatis tubo
sesqutbrevioribus dorso conspicuo rubro-vittatis.

CHENIES AND ITS CHERRIES.

Harrow to Chenies is not a far cry. The journey
can be done afoot in a dozen miles, all pleasant going
to the pedestrian who can appreciate the beauties of
English landscape. As one approaches Chenies, the
historical seat of the Russell family, there is a con-
stant succession of charming vignettes. In spring
time, about Easter, the Cherry orchards present a
unique appearance, from the wonderful profusion of
snow-white bloom. My route on a former occasion —
last Good Friday — was through Pinner, rapidly grow-
ing in importance as the Metropolitan Extension
approaches completion ; Moor Park, with its fine old
house, Italian gardens, and stately Cedars ; and
Rickmansworth, famous for the cultivation of Water-
cress. On a recent Saturday, when my object was to see
the Cherry orchards in fruit, I took the train to Rick-
mansworth ; from thence it is 4 miles only to Chenies.
Turning to the right, about the middle of the village
there is a pathway which leads through the
park. Half way up on the verandah of a little
" Mount Pleasant " I noticed a charming combination
of colours — common enough it may be, but in this
case especially attractive and worthy of note. It con-
sisted of the Japanese Honeysuckle and Clematis
Jackmanni. On the same trellis was C. rubella, not
nearly so effective, however, nor so prodigal of bloom.
Gloire de Dijon, by the way, is an excellent companion
to Jackman's Clematis. Then there is a delightful
walk of half a mile over the soft springy turf of the
park, with its magnificent groves of Beeches drooping
gracefully with the already browning mast, its pic-
turesque old stag-headed edible Chestnuts, and its
magnificent Limes, now musical with the pleasant
humming of myriads of bees. Between the boles and
beneath the spreading foliage, bitten off level by the
browsing deer, one catches glimpses of the beautiful
sylvan scenery around. There are several footpaths
across the park, some only lately reopened. A
defeated litigant in a case of fishing appealed to
the inconvenient memories of two or three of the
oldest inhabitants with regard to rights of way, and
the result was that in place of closing the only path
accessible to the public two other ancient bye-ways
were discovered and re-opened, A group of fallow
deer eye us with languid curiosity, and gradually
retire from the neighbourhood of the inquisitive
stranger. Mrs. Heman's charmingly descriptive lines
occur to me as I watch their graceful movements : —

' ' The stately homes of England,

How beautiful they stand,
Amid the tall ancestral trees

O'er all the pleasant land.
The deer across the greensward bound,

'Mid shade and sunny gleam,
And the swan ghdes past us with the sound

Of some refreshing stream."

There are some other picturesque accessories in the
shape of a herd of Highland cattle— real Highlanders,
no doubt — black, dun, and fawn colour, with long
shaggy hair, fierce black eyes, and formidable horns ;
but they are out of place, apparently. One thinks of
Peter Graham's pictures, but where are the lichened
rocks, heather, and curling mists ? A table-land, of
which the park is a small portion, stretches hence to
Chenies, 3 miles further on. From thence the road
slopes to the valley of the Chess. Just below, as we
emerge from the park gate, is Loudwater, for a time
the seat of the first proprietor of the Illustrated London
News. The paper of the Illustrated was manufac-
tured at Loudwater, and the mills still give employ-
ment to numerous workpeople from the neighbour-
ing villages. The material now employed in the
manufacture is Esparto-grass. The estates of his
Grace the Duke of Bedford stretch along both sides of
the river as far as Latimers, the seat of Lord Ches-
ham. On the left is The Cedars, the residence of
Mr. GiUiat, of the Bank of England, The park is
noted for its fine trees.

Chenies itself is a picturesque little village, stand-
ing near the edge of the chalk plateau where it sud-
denly dips to the valley of the Chess. The cottages
are neat, roomy, and substantial ; each has its garden
of thriving bush fruits and vegetables, and a plot for
flowers now at its summer best with clumps of orange
and white Lilies, Roses, Stocks, Sweet Williams.
Several of the cottage walls are covered with care-
fully trained Vines. In the centre of the village is a
group of grand old Elms, and in the shade beneath
them is a Gothic fountain. There are a church and

school, of course, but the principal feature of interest
is a wing of the fine old manor house with its tall spiral
chimney-shafts and gabled roofs. It was built by the
first Earl of Bedford on the site of an ancient castle.
Judging from the remaining wing it must have been
an imposing structure. The main attraction of the
church is the famous mortuary chapel in which re-
pose the effigies of the more famous of the Russells.
The earliest tomb in the chapel is that of the Lady
Anne, wife to John, Earl of Bedford, 1556. It
is of elaborate workmanship the material being
a beautiful pink-veined alabaster. The Russell chapel
bears on a tablet the inscription, " This chapel is built
by Anne, Countess of Bedford." There are some
interesting brasses in the church ; one of them repre-
sents a priest bearing a scroll in his hands praying for
mercy on his soul. These interesting memorials of a
bygone time are in excellent preservation, and readily
accessible to the public on application to the matron
at the manor-house. At the back of the latter there
is a venerable Oak, dating, it is said, as far back as
the Conquest. It is upwards of 32 feet in circumfer-
ence, and hollow ; its diameter, E. and W., is nearly
twice that of N. and S. Some thirty years ago it
exhibited signs of speedy dissolution, but some juve-
nile Hodge, in attempting to burn out a wasp's nest,
charred the interior, and thus stopped the progress of
decay. The old tree has since laid on huge excres-
cences of growth, which have given it a further lease
of vigorous existence.

Another feature of interest to the visitor spending a
few hours at Chenies is the charmingly clean and
wholesome village inn, the only licensed house in the
village. It would be a betrayal of confidence to
mention the long list of famous men— poets, his-
torians, pillars of the law— who make the " B," their
headquarters while enjoying the privilege of his
Grace's permission to fish in the Chess. But on this
occasion a glance at the spotted beauties must suffice
as they dimple the limpid waters of the sparkling
Chess, or flash in the sunlight like golden goblets in
a river of liquid pearl. Just a spray or two of Meadow
Sweet and Forget-me-not, and a little bunch of golden
King Cups, as souvenirs of a day I once spent here —
thanks to the courtesy of his Grace — and, adieu !

The main purpose of my trip to Chenies was to
gather some further information with regard to the
Cherry orchards, which here and in the surrounding
neighbourhood form a marked feature in the land-
scape, and an important item in the farmer's account.
From Chipperfield on the one side, to Amersham,
Chalfont, Beaconsfield, Croxley, and Sere Green,
Cherries are grown rather extensively. There are a
few White Hearts and Black Hearts, but a great
majority of the plantations consist of a variety known
in the locality by the name of " Croons " — this is the
only spelling I could get, and the only plausible
derivation was that it is a corruption of Bigarreau,
called by the natives " Bigarroon." It is apparently
a cross between the Black Heart and the common
black, but larger and of a better quality than the
latter. Most of the trees are from thirty to sixty
years old, one I measured spread its branches over a
circumference of 190 feet. The yield is uncertain,
the last heavy crop was in '77, the wet July. The
hucksters who bought the fruit, however, sustained a
serious loss though it was sold here at Is. per dozen
pounds. Only a few hours of sunshine intervened
between the showers, and the whole of the gathered
crop was found next morning after gathering to be
utterly unfit for use except as food for pigs. The
present year is an entire failure, although the bloom
in early April was in wonderful profusion. During
May there were at least twelve nights in which the
thermometer sank below 9°. "Cherries," said an
old farm labourer who lives at Chenies, "have three
dangers — there is the frosties, the blights, and the
birds ; " what is meant by blight is the attack of the
black aphis, and a small beetle which bites into the
newly set bloom or incipient fruit. Birds, however,
are exceedingly troublesome, not only to the ripening
fruit, but to the expanded bloom. Last spring one
observed sheetsof white blossoms — not separate petals
— shed after the fruit was set, but entire blooms
apparently bitten off by the keen scissors of the
mischievous tom-tits, [for the sake of the tiny drop
of honey secreted in the nectary. But granted that
the bloom is late, unmolested by the feathered
marauders, and uninjured by frosts — the silver fringes
and tassels gradually disappear, and the falling petals
disclose the tiny fruit which rapidly swells and
reddens, and darkens into purple crimson. "Why,

July 26, 1SS4.]

7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

103

sir," said my informant, " I heered a noise one July
mornin*, an' guess what it meant, an' run out ; but it
wer too late — there were sich a lot o' starlins' that I
doon't suppose there was a Cherry apiece for 'em —
millions, I should think ; there wasn't one for me
except on the ground." On further inquiry, as to
this serious charge against our friend the starling, I
found ample contirmation of his taste for Cherries,
and the wanton mischief he commits in the orchards.
Notwithstanding all the vicissitudes to which
Cherries are liable, especially when standing in the
open unprotected, they are always worth growing.
Some of the new varieties of Rivers are surprisingly
large and beautiful, and, generally speaking, they are
a handsome, an early, and a delicious fruit. The
Morello is almost the only fruit that will come to per-
fection on a north wall, and nearly all the varieties of
Cerasus are charmingly chaste and beautiful when in
bloom. As a garden plant a Cherry tree ,is a huge
Deutzia gracilis, but the pendent tassels of snowy
bloom are, I think, more elegant and graceful still.
•'And," later on, some one suggests, '* what of their
beauty then?" Well, then, it is more a matter of taste
perhaps. T, IK, Harr<nv.

THE MAY ISLAND.*

The island of May, whose welcome light is well
known to sailors visiting the ports of Leith or
Dundee, is situated at the junction of the estuary of
the Forth with the German Ocean. It has an area of
about 143 square acres, and, although its breadth
nowhere exceeds one-third of a mile, it is upwards of
a mile in length.

The word " May " is probably to be referred to a
Gothic root signifying "verdure," although others
have attributed it to a Celtic root found in the name
of an ancient tribe of Midlanders called the Mjeots,
who are said to have occupied the sduthem part of
Scotland between the walls of Hadrian on the south
and Antonine on the north, and who are supposed to
have taken possession of the island at a very early
time. But whatever the origin of the name may be,
it is not until the reign of King Constantine (S64—
8S2) that the true dawn of history first breaks on the
island. During this reign various missionaries are tra-
ditionally said to have arrived in Scotland for the pur-
pose of introducing Christianityinto its pagan domains.
St. Adrian — who was popularly believed to have come
from Hungary, but who may not improbably have
been of Irish extraction — was at the head of one of
these reforming bodies, and after labouring for some
time among the Picts in the eastern parts of Scotland,
he selected the island of May, from which he is re-
puted to have expelled many demons and monsters,
as a place for retirement and private devotion. Here
he probably lived for some time in comparative
seclusion, but during the Danish invasions he was
cruelly slaughtered in the year S72, and was buried
on the island, where his stone coffin is still to be
seen.

A lapse of more than two and a half centuries now
follows, during which time no historical references of
importance are to be met with in connection with
this island ; but, about the middle of the twefth
century, David I., influenced, it would seem, chiefly
by the memory and sufferings of St. Adrian, founded
a imonastery thereon, and handed it over to the care
of the Abbey of Reading, on the condition that this
Abbey should maintain nine priests there to
" celebrate divine service for the soul of the donor
and for the souls of his predecessors and successors.
Kings of Scotland. "

This new monastery soon developed in its material
resources. Gifts of land in various parts of Fifeshire
and the Lothians were granted by David I. and his
successors, Malcolm IV., William the Lion, and
Alexander II., not a few of the nobles of the realm
also giving contributions of land and other privileges,
while the right to exact tithes from fishermen, who
drew their nets near the island, as well as exemption
from *' can and toll " throughout the land, which had
been granted to the monks by David I., were continued
through several successive reigns.

Although, in connection with these their numerous
temporal possessions, many controversies from time
to time arose which were not unfrequently settled by
commissioners appointed by the Pope, the monastery

" TJte May Island ; its ArchcEolof;y • its Algoid Ftcfra ; its
Phantrosams and Higher Cryptogams. By John Rattray,
M.A.,B.Sc., Marine Station, Granton, Edinburgh. Read before
the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, July to.

Still continued to prosper so long as it remained under
the jurisdiction of the house of Reading. In the
year 1269, however, a very important transfer took
place — the May Priory was sold by Robert de Burgh-
gate, who was then Abbot of Reading, to William
Wishart, Bishop of St. ,\ndrews, for a sum of 1 100
merks. This transaction seems to have been largely
influenced by considerations of a national character,
inasmuch as the exclusion of English spies from the
Priory was, at such a critical period of home affairs,
a very desirable oliject to be attained by the Scottish
monarch. But William, the next Abbot of Reading,
now tried to overturn this sale, and accordingly, in
the parliament of John Baliol, held at Scone on Feb.
10, 1292, two of his representatives appeared ostensibly
to claim the Priory or to secure payment of the
balance of the price together with the rents accruing
therefrom since the date of sale. Upon this the
Bishop of St. Andrews appealed to the Roman See,
thereby removing the case from the Scotch courts,
whereupon the indignant representatives of the Abbott
returned to England and laid their case before King
I'Zdward, who was at that time Lord Superior of the
Kingdom of Scotland, alleging that they had met with
a denial of justice. Edward now issued writs sum-
moning Baliol to appear before him, but the latter
invariably disregarded his missives, and after several
years of international disquietude, the Priory of May
was fully transferred, in the year 131S, to the Canons
of St. Andrews, to whom Martin, who was at that
time Prior, agreed to pay sixteen merks annually — a
sum which had formerly been paid to the house of
Reading.

Again we arrive at a gap in our historical record
extending over a period of 131 years, during which
time we may suppose a calm and steady march of
events to have occurred. In the course of the summer
of the year 1449, however, a vessel conveying Mary
of Gueldres, who was about to become queen of
James II., anchored near the island of May, on which
Mary is reported to have landed, and to have paid
her devotions before proceeding to Leith. During
the years 1503, 1505, 1506, 1507, and 1 50S repeated
visits were made by James to the same spot, not only
for purposes of devotion, but also, as old records have
it, "to schut fowlis with the culveryn."

The monastery, to whose foundation and develop-
ment, and to the struggles of whose manhood we
have thus briefly referred, now enters on its period of
decay. In 1534 and during several succeeding years
much of the land which had been granted by the
various kings and many of the nobles became alienated,
and in 1549 the island of May itself was feued to
Patrick Learmonth, of Dairsy, Provost of St. Andrew's,
on account of its insular situation, its liability to seizure
by an enemy in times of hostilities, and the devas-
tated condition in which it had been recently left by
English invaders. It ought, however, to be borne in
mind that soon after the transference of the May
Priory to the canons of St. Andrew's, the monks of
May took up their principal residence at Pittenweem,
on the adjoining coast of Fife, where a religious house
had already been built in connection with the mother
Priory, and in deeds belonging to this period which
have come down to us we find the Priory of May
styled the " Priory of Pittenweem, otherwise Isle of
May," or the " Priory of May and Pittenweem." It
need only be further added, that we have records of
twenty-seven priors of May or Pittenweem between
the years 1154 and l6o6, and that the church on the
island, long after it ceased to be a residence of the
monks, was resorted to on account of certain miracu-
lous changes that were believed to be effected
there : —

" Ubi steriles foeminje, annuatim D. .Adrianum
Salutantes, inde redeuntes, puerperal devenerunt."

On December 21, 1551, the island of May was
acquired by Andrew Balfour, of Mountquhanie, and
on May 12, 1558, by John Forret. It subsequently
passed into the possession of Allan Lamond, and
afterwards of Alexander Cunningham, of Barns. This
proprietor will long be remembered as being the first
to erect, by permission of King Charles I., a light-
house on the island in the year 1635, to the light of
which reference is made in the following lines,
written by Alexander Scott, formerly a professor in
the University of St. Andrews ; —

" Inter navifragam Carram et Bassas ardua saxa,
Ecce salutiferura Maia lumen habet ! "

The Carr Rock here referred to is a very dangerous

elevation near the island, 72 feet long by 23 feet
broad, which is barely uncovered at low-water mark,
and on which many ships have been wrecked, while
the Bass is a bold and prominent rock off North
Berwick. This lighthouse, which was the first built
on the east coast of Scotland, was a square tower
about 40 feet high, and provided with a flat roof, on
which, about the beginning of the present century,
upwards of 380 tons of coals were annually consumed.
Having come into the possession of the Balcomie
family, the island was purchased from the heirs of
that house by the Commissioners of the Northern
Lights in 1S16, and a beacon to a height of 240 feet
above se? level was erected. At first a system of oil-
lamps and reflectors were used in this modern light-
house, but in 1S43 these were exchanged for the
argand lamp and dioptric system of Sir David
Brewster, During 1843 — 1S44 a second and smaller
lighthouse was erected (or the purpose of affording
mariners a convenient landmark to enable them to
avoid the Carr Rock, to which we have referred
above.

The only other buildings which is now to be seen
on the island are the ruins of an old chapel,
which has been dedicated to St. Adrian ; it is
rectangular in shape, and about 32 feet in length,
and its walls have been recently pointed, under the
careful supervision of the authorities of Her Majesty's
Oflice of Works.

The May Island, whose history has thus been
briefly traced, is entirely composed of volcanic rock,
which on its western side rises vertically from the sea
to a height of 150 feet. Its eastern margin, though
in a few places capable of accommodating boats, is
in several places rugged and uneven, presenting in its
many indentations rich crops of various species of
Alga;. Although the development of the columnar
structure in this volcanic rock is less marked than in
some parts of the mainland on the shores of the
Forth, yet an incipient structure of this type is to be
found in the south-west corner of the island.

The water in the vicinity is of a clear green shade
of colour, and contrasts very markedly with its muddy
character further up the Firth. It thus, like the
Clyde and other rivers that receive the many pollu-
tions of our large cities, bears full testimony to the
well-established fact, that such rivers are capable of
purifying themselves during their subsequent course,
partly by the deposition of heavier sedimentary
matter, and partly, too, by the oxygenation of many
complex decomposable organic compounds into simpler
chemical unions. As a striking proof of the purity
of the water, it may be mentioned that on one
occasion a white disc, having a diameter of 2 feet,
was lowered by a sounding-lead from the bow of the
steam-yacht, and was gradually sunk to a depth of
9-2- fathoms before it became invisible. The depth of
the water in the immediate vicinity of the island
varies from 9 to 20 fathoms.

These waters have long been regarded as good
fishing ground, and although at the present time the
only inhabitants on the island are people connected
with the lighthouse, we are told by historians that
formerly fifteen fishermen's families lived there, and
that " the want of these families is a considerable loss
to the general interests of the fishery in the Firth,
for, placed as sentinels at its entrance, they were
enabled to descry and follow every shoal of herrings
or other fish that came in from the ocean."

As regards its productions, although historians tell
us that the wool and fur of the sheep and the rabbits
are of superfine quality — that, indeed, " the fleeces of
the coarsest wooled sheep fromjthe worst pastures in
Scotland, when put on the island of May, in course
of one season become as fine as satin," — we have now
reason to believe that if such was the case formerly it
no longer is so, but that, on the contrary, the wool
and fur of these animals are just like other wool and
fur.

The great prevalence of ants is especially note-
worthy. Some years ago the Commissioners of the
Northern Lights tried in vain to exterminate these
small creatures, and at the present time they are very
abundant, although no ant-hills are to be seen.

The absence of a supply of fresh water upon which
the inhabitants of so isolated a place could depend is
much to be regretted, and it is probable that this
escaped the observation of Sir Walter Scott when he
recommended the erection of a bathing establishment
on the island, to which visitors might resort. At the
present time the people connected with the lighthouses
have to procure their fresh water from the village of

I04

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 18

Crail on the Fifeshire coast about 6^ miles distant from
their island.

As regards the flora, the only account which we
possess of it is one by Mr. Sadler, late Curator of the
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and published in the
Transactions of the Botanical Society for 1873. In
addition to the plants enumerated in Mr. Sadler's
list twenty-three new Phanerogams have to be re-
corded, among which are Rumex crispus, R. acetosa,
Montia fontana, Festuca arenaria, Glyceria loliacea,
Poa csesia, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Carex distans,
C. fulva, Eieocharis palustris, &c. Several new
Cryptogams, exclusive of fifty-nine species of AlgK,
have also to be.noted, among which are the following :
— Lastraea Filix-fcemina, Fegatella conica, Parmelia
sinuosa, Lichinia pygmasa.

Among the Algae collected were the following : —
Himanthalia lorea (two varieties), Leathesia tuberi-
formis, Cladophorauncialis, Ectocarpus sphiT^rophorus,
Chorda tomentaria, Rhodymenia laciniata, Chylo-
cladia articulata, Polysiphonia Brodiaei, Ptilota elegans,
Laurencia pinnatifida, Conferva melagonium, Por-
phyra amcthystea, Desmarestia aculeata, Ceramium
acanthonodum, &C.

Among the more noteworthy points connected with
the flora we may refer to the following :^

1. The entire absence of trees, whose roots play so
important a part in aiding in the disruption of rocks
and the formation of soils, and whose leafy branches
prevent at once rapid radiation and excessive warmth
while they harbour many insects and modify the con-
ditions of exposure as regards wind currents.

2. The occurrence of Porphyra amethystea and
young Ectocarpi parasitically on Desmarestia aculeata
— the former being attached to the aeulei of that plant :
a fact which has not hitherto been recorded in this
estuary.

3. The occurrence of a large growthofEnteromorpha
intestinalis in a pool above the limit of spring tides
and so furnished with saline matter exclusively by the
agency of spray — a fact which is to be correlated with
the usual mode of occurrence of this species in places
where fresh water streams enter the sea.

4. The localisation of Punctaria plantaginea, which
was found only at the level of high tide on the south-
east, seaward, side of the island.

5. The very large vegetative development of Clado-
phora uncialis.

6. The abundance of Plocamium coecineum, of
which, however, no specimen was found growing,
and which must have come as drift from deep water.

A PEEP INTO SOME JERSEY
GARDENS, &C.

{Continued front p. 44.)

Steepiiill. — Two charming multuin in pait'O
flower gardens must next be visited, the first and
prettiest being Steephill, the residence of Mrs. Robin.
It stands a mile or so from St. Helier, up the high
road to St. Saviour's, and crowns the plateau of a
ridge of considerable height bounding the Vallce des
\Veux on the south. It is, be assured, you who we
are alluring there, a perfect Injou of a place, with a
bright and lively tit-bit of picturesque scenery, a little
belt of wood, little grassy meadow slopes, a little
water, a little velvety lawn— good lawns of fine grass
are somewhat rare in the island — little gardens, little
conservatories, every thing in petto, but everything
carefully and artistically laid out, tended to, made
the most of, and pleasing to dwell upon.
Add, however, to these aitificial beauties, so
10 call ihem, a peep over a good stretch of sur-
rounding country and an outlook upon the town, the
harbour and the roadstead of St. Ilelier, and you have
a word picture of the home of one branch of a well
known and time honoured Jersey family.

It goes without saying that the expert will find in
the conservatories of Steephill, and on its parterres,
and borders, excellent specimens of all the many
ordinarily cultivated in and outdoor Jersey flowers
and plants, so we may pass them by, save noticing that
under glass will be seen (i) a young and remarkably
healthy Dammara australis, and (2) an Aralia lanceo-
lata, both rare, and both brought from New Zealand
by one of Mrs. Robin's sons. But it is the Ferns, in
a very pretty fernery, to which we wish to draw
attention, and of these particularly to a Killarney
Fern (Trichomanes radicans), a most handsome speci-
men, grown in a pan 20 inches in diameter,
measuring more than i6 feet in circumference, and

with every frond grandly and healthily developed. It
is a prize Fern, this Trichomanes ; and Mrs, Kobin
has raised it from babyhood until now, when it
claims to be the finest in the island — perhaps,
indeed, anywhere. There are also to be well gazed
upon and studied magnificent growths of the Todea
pellucida, Todea superba, and others of their class
too numerous to count up or to name, for Mrs,
Robin's speciality is Ferns — all sorts and conditions
of Ferns ; and a collection of twelve exhibited so
far back as 1876 by her received a Silver Medal for
their rarity and beauty.

In the grounds around and behind the house is to
be found the largest and thickest Bamboo we have
seen in the Channel Islands, also a fine group of ten
varieties of Australian Eucalypti, and close by them a
thriving Malvaceous plant, Abutilon vitifolium, a
native of Chili, all growing, need it be repeated, in
the open air. The Steephill Roses are many and
very fine ; so are also its Azaleas, Rhododendrons,
and Lilies ; and, by the way, in a sheet of water,
much too pretty to name a pond, but not large
enough to dignify into "lake," are some glorious
plants of Calla aethiopica, which have been there
flourishing summer and winter these twenty years
and more.

Clifton House.

Clifton House, Water Lane, the home of Miss
Ainge, is the second whose gardens we want to say
one short word about, and that only that among its
many floricultural beauties is to be seen a small but
vigorous Rhododendron, a chance cross-breed between
a R. Edgworlhii and another parent, name quite
unknown. Miss Ainge elects to call this hybrid
Hendersoni, and says that it takes after Edgworthii
in character, save that it seems to be hardier. It
lately bloomed profusely ; its flowers were pure un-
sullied white, entirely without that yellow tinge or
shade usually observed in Edgworthii. It is well
worth propagating.

The Gloxinias of Clifton House are very fine, some
of them of the most delicate tints, and the Caladiums
and Coleus, though not rare, are worth pausing over.
In one of the conservatories there is a noteworthy
Begonia from Ceylon, imported by a gentleman long
resident there. We ourselves have seen it often
enough in that land where, according to Bishop
Heber, "man alone is vile," but we know not its
botanical cognomen. Its clusters of flowers are pro-
fuse, and of that very hue of scarlet which distin-
guishes the " Runner Bean" of that name. If any
expert of a floriculturist sets eyes upon it will he
oblige a lady, and christen it ?

ClareSiont House.

General KnatchbuU's garden at Claremont House,
near to the Victoria College, is well worth an entry
into, for the "old soldier " is a very successful florist
and horticulturist ; but here, more than anywhere
else, "get leave," or literally and metaphorically you
may be eaten up between a huge watch-dog and an
offended veteran.

The easiest and most economical way of getting to
the two last places we counsel inspection of — La
Chaire (the tropical garden) and the Manor House,
or Seigneurie of Rozel — is by that Jersey institution
the excursion car, or char-a-banc from St. Helier to
Rozel, itself in the parish of St. Martin, and thence
to foot it to your destination. On your route, through
some attractive country, the "amusing guide" of the
car, a sine tjiid non of the vehicle, will probably be-
guile you with anecdotes of local persons and things
more or less fictitious, and twigging you to be a
gardener, of the earth earthy, will tell you (in song)
that "Here we grow the Cabbage plant 10 feet
as to high," as to which latter point you can satisfy
yourself by looking into the first cottager's garden
you pass.

La Chaire,
This place is almost within stone's-throw of the
hotel and other buildings of the tiny fishing hamlet of
Rozel, and is the habitat of Mrs. Fothergill. Its
"tropical garden " was established some forty years
ago by her father, Mr. Curtis, the founder, we
believe, of the Botanical Magazine, and himself one
of the best botanists of his day. He placed it on the
south side of a wooded rocky hill, where it is com-
pletely sheltered, and enjoys a climate about the
same in temperature as that of Madeira. He
planted in it every tropical tree or shrub he could
lay hands upon by hook or by crook, for love

or for money, and reared and acclimatised them with
untiring solicitude. Since his death La Chaire has
degenerated — so at least the oldest inhabitant tells us,
but still there is enough on its slopes, its terraces and
tiny dells and gorges, to satisfy the most expectant,
for outside Kew, and growing in the open air, there
is nothing in England to equal it. Let us try and
recollect what is to be seen seen here, or at least
those things which are most conspicuous. We
begin with a Dacrydium cupressinum, 35 feet high at
least, growing in the grounds by the side of the
house; near it is an Aralia papyrifera, the rice-
paper plant, the palmate leaves of which are more
than 2 feet long. Then we find the very first
imported, established, and to this day the very
best Eucalyptus globulus in the island. It may be
said to be towering up to the skies, and it measures
S feet 3 inches in girth, and 68 feet in height. Again,
as we look around we cast eyes upon Phyllocladus tri-
chomanoides, the Fern-tree of New Zealand, as also
Manuka thea, the Tea of the same country, mentioned
by Cook in his Voyages [Leptospermum scoparium ? ],
and the Pepper shrub of Australia, the Olive, &c.
Acacias are legion here, and thrive splendidly, and
when they flower the whole Rozel valley has sweetness
added to its almost unrivalled scenic beauties. Con-
spicuous among thsse is A. dealbata, which has
attained the height of 50 feet.

In a place so wild as La Chaire, and where
anything like systematic arrangement would have
taken away from its miniature forest-like appear-
ance and effect, we are obliged to go upon a
sort of haphazard enumeration of exotic trees and
shrubs and plants, as we come upon them in our
stroll around. So it is that in a certain nook we
discover a glorious specimen of Eucalyptus per-
annulata (Weeping Eucalyptus), and find it in its
three stages of fructification at one and the same time,
i.e.^ fruit ripened, flowers blooming, and buds burst-
ing out, all upon the same twig. In another corner we
hit upon a Rhododendron Falconeri, and here, there,
everywhere, we see other Rhododendrons, chiefly Ame-
rican, no longer shrubs but almost gigantic trees. Still
going on, we are pointed out a Fagus Cunninghamii,
the evergreen Beech of Tasmania, under the shade of
whose wide-spreading branches a score of Virgil's
Tityruses might have comfortably reclined ; a
Pittosporum bicolor 40 feet high, and a Cupressus
macrocarpa, the trunk of which is as big as a
large cart-wheel ; an Aralia quinquefolia, and many
another growth which we have neither time nor
space to tell of. Azaleas, Camellias, tropical Laurels
flourish well here ; and Heaths — those we take so
much care to grow in England — are positively weeds.
So also Ferns, and especially the one known as the
Madeira variety.

So much for La Chaire. Now will we walk a mile
or two and go to

The Manor Housk of Rozel,

the seat of the Rev. W. Lempriere, the head of that
family, the A I \A\3.^\Aoo<^ par excellence of the Channel
Islands' gentry. Before, however, we start with just
an outlined sketch of this lovely place — much more
like an English baronial hall and demesne than any
other in Jersey — let us just remind the reader that
the Seigneur of this/£/(Rozel) holds it under condi-
tion that he rides into the sea to meet the Sovereign
when he or she visits the island, and also acts as cup-
bearer to Majesty while remaining in it.

Few places anywhere, though they may exceed
Rozel in size, cm match it for picturesqueness, as the
visitor will see. It has iis fairly large grassy park,
bordered and intersected by wooded walks stocked
with fine old timber, through which walks as you
stroll you get here and there glimpses of the sea and
the rocks encircling the Jersey coast, and in the dis-
tance the shores of France. It has its glades, and
dells, its brakes and thickets, all remarkable for the
profuse luxuriance with which Ferns flourish. It
has its "desert," for so Mr. Lempriere has elected to
call a wild and purposely untouched stretch of trees
and undergrowth. It has its well-cared-for flower
gardens, orchards, kitchen gardens, and home farm ;
and it has its vivitrs^ or fishponds, swarming with
carp and tench and eels. Within the grounds is its
chapel, a building dating between lioo and 1200,
which the family lately restored, and where Divine
Service is regularly performed. There is some fine
black Oak carving in the shape of an altar and a
bench within the sacred building, but perhaps those
will not interest our friend who has come here in

July 26, 1884. J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

105

f^^'i^

Fig. 21.— campanula thyrsoides.

search of " vegetation," so to say, as two fine Pome-
granates (Punica nana) growing on its outer walls,
in bloom, and the specimens of tree culture, the
expert of a gardener who is his cicerone will
point him out. Among these most noticeable are
Benthamia fragifera, raised from seed and in full
bloom ; a deciduous Cypress, supposed to be the

largest in Europe, girth 9 feet 6 inches ; a Gunnera
scabra, leaf g feet across j some noble Oaks — Oaks
as a rule do not thrive in Jersey, where, indeed, they
are strangely stunted ; and some fine or finer Beeches
and Chestnuts. And apropos of Nuts, no horticul-
turist has ever managed to obtain Filberts or Il-zel-
nuts in Jersey ; there is too much saline matter in iis

air, say they. The trees will grow and leaf healthily,
but are never prolific.

There even yet remain the extensive Pear orchards
of Mr. Cosset, and the show farms of Colonel le
Cornu, Mr. le Gallais, and others to talk about, but
these must remain unsaid to a fitter season, H. L. C,

CAMPANULA THYRSOIDEA.

An old-fashioned herbaceous perennial, whose rather
dull yellowish flowers are redeemed by a stateliness
of habit which renders it a worthy occupant of the
herbaceous border. It is a biennial, attaining a
height of 2 feet, with tufted, narrow, oblong, hispid
leaves and creamy-yellow bell-shaped flowers in
dense terminal clusters intermixed with broadly linear
leaves. It is a native of Hungary and Lower
Austria, very unlike most Bell-flowers in habit, and
is one of those plants which were almost lost to our
gardens till the reviving taste for interesting rather
than monotonously gaudy plantsensured its reintroduc-
tion. For the specimen whence our illustration (fig,
21) was taken we are indebted to Messrs. James
Dickson & Sons, of Chester.

ON THE ALG^ OF GRANTON

QUARRY*

In this quarry a well marked division of the tidal
belt into zones, each bearing a preponderance of
certain species, is to be observed. We may enu-
merate these zones as follows : —

1. The upper tidal zone, characterised by its abun-
dant growth of Enteromorpha compressa and Entero*
morpha intestinalis — both of which species are
especially abundant on the landward side of the
quarry, although very rare on the seaward side, which
has an exposure to the south.

2. The median tidal zone, in which very few
Chlorosperms are to be found, but which is marked
out by a great development of Fuci, especially Fucus
platycarpus and F, nodosus, as well as by the occur-
rence of the Rhodospermic Ceramiums.

3. The lower tidal zone, in which we again find a
very great development of Enteromorpha compressa
with Ulva linza growing around its lower margin.

4. The aqueous zone, which is always under water,
and where one finds a few delicate Callithamnious
Ectocarpi, and Laminaria saccharina.

While the various belts thus pointed out are very
readily distinguishable from one another, probably the
fact of greatest immediate interest is the disap-
pearance of Laminaria saccharina, which has occurred
consequent on a lowering of the low water level of
the quarry, which was effected some time ago, in
order to allow the steam-yacht connected with the
marine station to enter the quarry from the river at
high tide. A passage was cut through a bar of
shingle and boulders to a depth of several feet, and
the result has been that the large leaf-like thalli of the
Laminaria have fallen from the attachment wherever
that attachment was effected in the zone which is now
periodically exposed to the air. but which was formerly
invariably under water. It is to be noted, however,
that this species of Laminaria has not entirely disap-
peared from the quarry ; it is still to be found on the
rocks which are not exposed to the air at every low
tide, and also on cages which are buoyed in the
quarry, and in which zoological specimens are kept
alive.

It may further be remarked, that although Laminaria
saccharina seems incapable of resisting for a prolonged
period exposure to the air, Laminaria digitata does
not appear to be affected in a similar manner, as we
have recently seen it growing in places exposed at
every ebb-tide, near Lamlash, in the island of Arran.
Probably the greater succuleney of the tissues of the
latter plant, as compared with the former, may
account for this curious physiological difference. A
similar disappearance of Laminaria was noted in
some of the lakes of Stennisva, Orkney, by the late
Hugh Miller.

SCHISMATOGLOTTIS PULCHRA. — This is a tufted
Aroid, with cordate ovate acute shortly-stalked
leaves, glaucous green and silver-spotted above. The
leaves are about 4 — 5 inches long by 1^—2 inches in
breadth. The plant is very effective, and was intro-
duced from Borneo by the Compagnie Continentale,
Illustration Horticoley t. 520.

' By John Rattray, M.A., B.Sc, Marine Station, Granton,
Edinburgh.

io6

Tfin GJRDENJ^RS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 18

THE POTATO CROPS OF 1S84.

SCOTLAND.

AuEEDEEN. — The Potato crops look very well, but
in all likelihood will be small, owing to the continued
dry weather. The late rains have only now reached
the young tubers. There is a slight attack of the
disease in the earliest Ashleafs on south borders.
J. Smith, Dnnciht House, Dunecht, July 22.

Banff. — Potatos are looking strong and healthy
both in gardens and fields, and there are no signs of
the disease anywhere in this district. John Webster,
Gordon Castle Gardens, July 21.

Clackmannan. — The crops are looking extremely
well in this district, y. Dewar, Beechwood Gardens,
July 2 1 .

Forfar. — Potatos are late, but looking well all
over the district, both in fields and gardens, and there
are no signs whatever of the disease. G. Johnstone,
Glamis Castle, July 22.

Lanark. — Up to this date Potatos in both gardens
and fields have a healthy appearance, and I have
neither seen nor heard of a single trace of disease in
this locality. Andrew Turnbull, Botliwell Castle,
July 22.

MiD-LoTHlAN.— The Potato crop is looking un-
commonly well around here, and with favourable
weather promises to be an abundant one. Early
Potatos are a heavy crop, but not so good in quality
as usual, owing to the heavy rainfall of late. There
is no appearance of disease up to the present time,
but the first week in August is the period at which it
generally breaks out in the district, and the present
moist, close weather is productive of it. The plants,
however, are very healthy and vigorous, and with a
change to dry weather the disease would not be likely
to do much harm. The Turnip crop looks very promis-
ing, and all vegetable crops are above an average, and
generally of fine quality. Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith
Gardens, July 21.

The Potato'crops look well in this district. I

believe they will give a heavy yield if we have not too
much rain. Chas, Johnstone, Dalhoiisie Castle Gar-
dens, Bonnyrigg, July 21.

Roxburgh.— The Potato crop in general is look-
ing well throughout the country, and there is no
appearance of the disease. Early sorts all yield a fair
crop, but are small, on account of the dry weather we
have had previous to this. John Galloway, Minto
Gardens, Hawick, July 22,

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.

Westmoreland. — The crops are very promising
in this locality. Win. A. Miller, Underley Gardens,
July 22.

Lancashire. — The tubers are rather under-sized
at present, but remarkably healthy and clean. No
signs of the disease as yet. W. B. Upjohn, Worsley
Nail Gardens, July 21.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

Cheshire. — Early Potatos, of which great
quantities are grown about here, are good in quality,
but the tubers are small owing to the exceptionally
dry season. Late crops look well, and up to this date
are free from disease. R. Milne, Vale Royal, North-
wich, July 2[.

Notts. — Potatos look well, but many around us
are complaining of second growth, since the rain
came after such a long period of excessive heat and dry
weather. Having one of the best arranged water
systems, with an unlimited supply of water, we gave
all our early Potatos several heavy soakings through
the hose, and now we are lifting very nice tubers, and
there is no disease as yet. A. Henderson, Thoresby
Park, Ollerton, July 22.

Salop. — Potatos are looking remarkably well, and
although the earlies were small, in consequence of the
dry weather, they are all so far sound ; the late sorts
are making rapid growth since the rain. The chief
late kinds grown here are Sutton's Reading Hero,
Magnum Bonum, Red Steele, and Champion j as
earlies, Ashleaf, Myatt's Prolific, Rivers' Royal.
There are very large breadths grown in this neigh-
bourhood, and thus far I have not heard of the disease
hereabout. A. S. Kemp, Haughton Home Farm,
Shifnall, July 21.

Early Potatos are good in quality, and the

late sorts are looking well. H. Purser, Berwick
House, Shrewsbitry, July 21,

Stafford. — In this district the Potato crop pro-
spects are very promising. Up to this date we have
seen nothing of the disease ; we must not, however,
feel too sale, as there is plenty of time for it to do
much mischief. W. Ward, Little Aston Gardens,
Sutton Coldficld, July 21.

The Potato crops are looking very well. The

early ones are rather small, owing to the drought, but
are of good quality. W. Davidson, Sandon, Stone,
July 2 1 .

The crops were never more promising, and

we have not seen or heard of any sign of the disease.
E. Simpson, Wrottesley, Wohcrhamptoit, July 22.

Early kinds have turned out very well in

quantity, but are rather small in size, clean-skinned,
and entirely free from disease. I never saw late
Potatos looking better both on the farms and in the
gardens. W. Bennett, Ran^entore Gardens, Burton-
on- Trent, July 20.

Leicester. — Early Potatos are rather small, but
sound, and good in quality. Later sorts are growing
vigorously, and disease has not appeared. W. Ingram,
Belvoir Castle Gardens, July 22.

Potatos in this neighbourhood are looking

very well ; I have not heard of the disease being seen
as yet. Early sorts are turning out very good 'and
clean crops ; late ones since the rains have improved
wonderfully ; Magnum Bonums are mostly grown
here for late use. G. Maynard, Cole Orton Gardens,
Ashby-de-la-Zouck, July 22.

Warwick. — The Potato crops look remarkably
well in this neighbourhood : early varieties are good
and abundant. Every prospect of a heavy yield of
later varieties, and at present all are free from disease.
R. Greenfield, The Priory Gardens, Warwick,
July 21.

Rutland. — Early Potatos, such as Ashleafs, are
very good. No signs of the disease as yet. Late
sorts in the fields are very promising. John Grey,
Normanton Park, July 22.

Beds. — The early kinds are fast ripening, but the
tubers are rather small owing to the dry season, but
the quality is good, and the tubers free from disease.
The later kinds are looking well at the present time,
and are also free from disease. G. Ford, Wrest Park,
Ampthill, July 22.

Bucks.— The crops are looking very promising at
this lime, the haulm quite free from any appearance
of disease, and the tubers entirely free from it also.
We have lifted a breadth of Veitch's and Rivers' Ash-
leaf Kidney, also Lady Paget and Bedfont Prolific.
This is our first year's experience with the latter sort,
but as an early white round variety we like it
immensely, because it does not take up much room
for growth, and is very prolific. It appears to us to
be a promising kind for forcing purposes. G. T.
Miles, Wycombe Abbey, July 21.

■ The early varieties turn out well, all sound and

of a good flavour ; the late varieties promise to be as
good. Not a sign of disease. G. Haskins, The Gar-
dens, Stowe, Buckinc^ham, July 21.

Herts.— We are now lifting some of the early
Potatos, which are excellent ; not quite so large as
usual, but of splendid flavour. I grow between twenty
and thirty varieties, all of which look most promising
and are quite free from disease. In this locality there
are a great many Potatos grown, all of which look
well and are free from disease at present. J. C. Mun-
dcll. Moor Park, Rickmansivorth, July 21.

• Potatos that were planted on February 18,

between ridges and slightly covered with half-rotten
leaves, escaped injury. This practice suits our cold
clay soil. The crop is not so heavy as last year, but
clean and nice. I have heard nothing of the disease
yet. Field crops look well, especially since the last
rain. G. I\Iertitt, The Hoo Gardens, Wclwyn ,J uly 2Z.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincoln. — Early Potatos are a fair crop, rather
small but of good quality. Second earlies are a good
crop and are turning out well, the quality first-rate.
Late Potatos also look well. We have no disease as yet
in this neighbourhood. David Lumsden, Bloxhotm
Hall, Sleaford, July 22.

Early kinds are not very good, owing to the

continued drought, but late varieties are promising.
James Taylor, Lee Hall Gardens, Gainsborough,
July 21.

Suffolk, — Potatos that were planted early have
not been good, as during their growth drought was
continuous, and cold winds prevailed, thus checking
the tops, which in many places got cut by the frost.

Judging from present appearances, the late kinds will
yield fine crops, as the haulm looks healthy and free
from spot, and the splendid rains we have had during
the last week (July 21) cannot fail to be a great help
in swelling up the tubers, which began to be in danger
of having their skins set, so dry was the earth, but the
soaking it has now had will carry them through, and,
it is to be hoped, without any sprouting. J. Shepfard,
Woolverstone Park, Ipswich, July 21.

Norfolk. — The early crops are very good, but
late crops are arrested in their growth by the long
spell of dry weather. Yesterday (July 21) we had
0.45 inch of rain, nearly double what we had all
through June, and the Potatos are looking the better
for it. I have not seen or heard of any traces of the
disease in this neighbourhood. T. Wynne, Wro.xham,
July 22.

An excellent crop of early Potatos, except on

poor soils, where they are rather small. Late Potatos
are looking well, and the late rains should ensure a large
yield. There is no disease at present. James Border,
Hillington Hall Gardens, Kings Lynn, July 22.

Essex. — The crop is very good, but the individual
tubers are but small on account of the dry weather.
W. Bones, Havering Park, Romford, July 21.

Potatos in general are looking well, but the

tubers will be small if we do not soon get rain,
W. Bowman, Hylands, Chelmsford, July 21.

Potato crops are looking well, and there is

every prospect of an abundant yield. I have not yet
seen any disease. D. Donald, Knott's Green, Leyton,
July 21.

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Berks. — Potatos are looking extremely well in this
district, both early and late. The Early Hammer-
smiths have been of excellent quality this year, as
indeed I find they generally are. All the late varieties
are also looking well. We have seen no sign of
disease as yet. S. Mortimer, Purley Park Gardens,
Reading, July 21,

Kent. — Those at present lifted are very small, but
the late ones are looking very well. Rain, however,
is much wanted. G. Buuyard, Maidstone, July 21.

The crop in this neighbourhood will be very

short, owing to the drought ; we have had but one
fall of rain sufficient to reach the roots since the planting
season, and the probability is that should we now get
rains they will commence to grow and spoil what we
have. I have seen no appearance of disease yet.
John Charlton, Summer Vale Nursery, Tnnbrid^e
Wells, July 21.

— — Our Potato crops look well, and are of excel-
lent quality, but unless rain comes soon the crop will
be much smaller than usual. We are now nearly
4 inches short of the average fall of rain. R, Gray,
Chevening, Sevenoaks, July 2(.

Sussex. — Potato crops excellent and of good
quality. At present there is no sign of disease. F.
Rutland, Goodwood, July 21.

The Potato crop at present is very promising,

the tubers, in consequence of the want of rain, are
small but sound, and the flavour is excellent. Pro-
bably the field crops, from drought, will be under
average in bulk. J. Rust, Fridge Castle, July 21.

Wilts. — In our immediate neighbourhood there is
every prospect of a good crop, and up to date there is
comparatively little disease. J. Horsefield, HeyteS'
bury, July 21.

The whole of our Potatos, both early and late

varieties, are all we can desire as regards crop and
quality. In fact I have not seen them so good for
forty years. ]V. Phipps, Bowood, Calne, July 21.

The Potato crop in this neighbourhood is very

good and of first-rate quality ; this last week we have
found a few diseased tubers. The Ashleaf, Beauty of
Hebron, Covent Ciarden Perfection, and M.ignum
Bonum are largely grown here. Thomas King,
Devizes Castle, July 20.

Dorset. — Early Potatos yield excellent crops,
heavy and good ; Veitch's Improved Early Ashleaf, I
find, are the best croppers, and flavoured ; School-
master is a good variety, but I found yesterday
severely attacked with the disease. Late Potatos are
everywhere here looking very promising. C, Hazel,
Lctoeston Gardens, Sherborne, July 22,

WESTERN COUNTIE.S.
Somerset. — Early Potatos are a good crop, but
small. Late sorts are looking well, and we have no
disease as yet. W. J. Rowley, Kingsweston House,
I^auuion, July 21.

JutY 28, 18S4.I

TtJn GAkDEMERS' CPfRONTCLE.

to7

Gloucester.— The last few days the disease has
appeared in the cottage gardens, but field crops, on
the whole, arc looking well, yohii Sou/ray, Hishnam
Court Gankns, Gloucester, July 22.

WALES.

Cakdigan. — Potatos are looking remarkably well
at present, and I can see no signs of the disease, nor
have I heard of its appearance in this neighbourhood.
The tubers are smaller than usual, but of good
quality. There is now great danger that the recent
showers will cause them to make a second growth.
If . Howard, The Gardens, Castle Mal^7i'yn, yuly 21.

Carnarvon. — Early Potatos on the whole are
small but very good in quality. Later kinds of field
Potatos promise wonderfully well. IV. S/'ced, Peitrhyn
CastU, Bangor, July 1\.

Denbigh.— Our first lot of Potatos, owing to the
long-continued dry weather, did not yield anything like
an average, and were only of indilTerent quality, but
they have improved wonderfully since the nice genial
weather we have had from the middle of June. Second
earlies look very promising, more particularly Sutton's
Early Regent and Lady Truscott, both being of
dwarf, sturdy growth with nice broad foliage. Later
and field sorts I never saw in better condition, the
most noteworthy being Magnum Bonum, and that
grand sub-variety St. Oswald. No disease so far.
Janus Louden, The Quinia, Chirk, July 21.

Pembroke. — The early crops dug out very thin
and small, owing to the dry weather. Second earlies
are with us a grand crop, and the late sorts look well,
having a short and sturdy top. The disease put in an
early appearance, but so far has made but slow pro-
gress, and only a few spots are to be seen at present.
G. Griffin, Slebeck Park Gardens, July 21.

IRELAND.

Cavan. — Early crops are very good, and the pro-
spects of the main crops are most promising. P. J.

Clare. — At present (July 22) we have no appear-
ance of the Potato blight. Owing to the unusual
drought in June the tubers are not quite so large as I
have seen them at this time. IF. Wilson, Dromoland.

Fermanagh. — The Potato crop is promising a
good average crop throughout this locality. W, Alagee,
Florence Court, Enniskillen, July 11.

Kildare. — The early Potato crop is quite up to
the average and free from disease. The late crop is
also promising well but requires rain to develope the
tubers, otherwise they will be small and consequently
a light crop. Philip Wadds, Moore Abbey Gardens,
Monasterevan, July 22.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.

Jersey. — Potatos of the early varieties have become
the staple crop of the Jersey farmer. The varieties
most cultivated are Myatt's Prolific and Webb's Im-
perial Kidneys (the latter being grown under the name
of the Early Fluke). The crops have been good, the
tubers fine, and the prices realised have been good and
stationary. The number of loads of Potatos weighed
over the weighbridge for sphipment, from May ig to
July 16, was 37,769, which, estimating £(, per load,
would amount to ^188,785. The quantity reserved
for seed and home consumption, say one-third more,
added to this will give an idea of the quantity of
Potatos grown on this pretty productive little island :
£-3^,1^1 6s. ?:d. is the estimated value of the Potato
crop. C. B, launders, St. Saviour's, July 21.

buildings, and where air and sunlight have the freest
play. On plants in such sites the crop was enor-
mous ; the soil — a deep, rather heavy, sandy loam,
that never "gives out" — seemingly being the very
perfection of a Strawberry soil. The plants are
mostly planted on land that has been trenched some
one or two years before, and heavily manured ; these
two points of culture being indispensable, if superior
fruit and an extended season is to be expected. Mr.
Smith does not advocate the retention of a bed for a
longer period than two years, if it has been planted
with specially prepared runners, although it may be
remarked that in cases where only weak runners are
obtainable the third season may be allowed to be
reached before clearing away.

The best of the kinds this season at this place were
Moftat's Duke of Edinburgh, a sort with a very good
flavour ; a fine cropper, the fruit coming either
bluntly conical or wedge-shaped, and which will bear
forcing. Elton Pine, which is, taking all points into
consideration, the best sort grown here, the crop
being this year really enormous. Oxonian, or Myatt's
Eliza, a long-shaped pale red fruit, rather later than
Elton, and which, when planted on borders looking
north, can be had the latest of any. This is a sort
worthy of trial in good retentive soils. It would
require liberal treatment, and plenty of space, as it is
a strong grower. Loxford Hall is a fine variety for
heavy cool soils, and is of no value at all in light ones,
or in hot positions, at least, in such. We should say
this kind may be planted at i foot apart in the rows,
and \\ foot between the rows. The golden promi-
nent seeds that stand out from the surface of the
varnished-like fruit make this sort very pretty for pre-
serving whole, and jellies or dessert. Pioneer is
another fine kind, of excellent flavour ; a large fruit
that is very firm, and should pack well : it has not as
yet been tried for forcing, but if it does its packing
qualities should recommend it to growers. Sir
Joseph Paxton and Sir Charles Napier, too well
known to be mentioned further, produce capital crops
in and out-of-doors. The Bicton Pine, a large well-
flavoured white kind, does well, as does Lucas, a
medium-sized good-flavoured kind, not unlike that of
British Queen. This is found to be a fitting kind for
mid-season forcing. Mrs. Radcliffe, a superior-
flavoured large fruit that Mr. Smith thinks much of,
only it is no sort for forcing. Lastly, Crown Prince,
looking like an improved Oscar — that is, globular in
shape, and having prominent yellow seeds and a
waxy skin. This and the first named variety in our
selection are the cream of this season's introductions.
Dr. Morier, a big, uncouth, dull-red coloured fruit,
has been tried in the houses, and will have another
trial next season, but it seems to possess no other
recommendation beyond weight and flavour, and is
not handsome.

Amongst the large kinds of no particular merit we
noticed Sharpie's Seedling, Triomphe de Paris, fames
Veitch, President de la Cour, MacMahon, and Excel-
sior. Even some of these might in other soils prove
worthy of cultivation — notably President de la Cour.

As in the case of some other plants, a change of
runners from other localities has been found beneficial
in producing extra vigour and greater productiveness,
and the more distant the part from which the new
supply is drawn the better are the results. With
regard to the sort Dr. Morier, it has been found advis-
able to plant annually.

STRAWBERRIES AT MENT-
MORE.

When visiting this fine garden during the height of
the Strawberry season it was our good fortune to be
able— thanks to the kindness of Mr. Smith, Lord
Rosebery's head gardener — to taste and make com-
parisons betwixt forty diffisrent varieties of this fruit.
We saw how much soil, aspect, and position have to
do in producing size, and especially flavour. It was
also to be observed that under trees, where it is often
advocated to plant Strawberries, simply because Ihe
plants do not refuse to grow in such places, the foliage
was longer, rather drawn, and the fruit, even when as
big as on plants in open spots, had poorer colour and
more acidity, although this latter quality depended in
some cases on the variety. The best fruit in the
open were to be found on sloping borders, free from

BURFORD LODGE, DORKING.

Sheltered on the entrance side by tall trees
thickly planted, under which the Hypericum, with its
yellow flowers, and the blue Perriwinkle, form a
carpet, and enclosed for a great part of the rest of its
circumference by the abruptly rising ground of Box-
hill, clad with Box and Yew trees, through which the
white of the chalky soil appears as a background,
rising to a height of 450 feet, and securely sheltering
on the east side, and enclosing it as it were in a nest,
lies Burford Lodge. This protected situation is con-
ducive, no doubt, to the best results being obtained
from the unremitting care and attention which all
things receive once they are admitted here, and hence
it is perhaps, in some degree, that we always find so
many things at Burford Lodge in perfect health,
which have puzzled the best growers over and over
again. While good flowers of every description are
cultivated here, the marvellous Orchid collection,
which is one of the oldest and best in the country, is
always the centre of attraction, and to visit it at this

time, when the greater part of the Odontoglossum
Alexondra: and of the large flowered Cattleyas, of
which there has been such a great display until
recently, has passed, is very interesting, as it allows of
so many of the rare things coming more prominently
into notice, by reason of the absence of flowers of
those things which are grown in quantity.

First comes Odontoglossum Warscewiczii, with two
fine spikes of snow-white flowers, with their purple
markings something like those of 0. Koezlii, indeed
it seems to partake of O. Phakunopsis, O. vexillarium,
and O. Roezlii. It is a lovely and sweet thing. Why
is it so rare ? There has been time enough since its dis-
covery to allow of its becoming more common, in spite
of its being one of the worst travellers known. Next
is Odontoglossum elegans, that lovely hybrid which
partakes of both O. Ilallii and O. cirrosum. Showy
like the one and elegant like the other, it is very
fragrant and a plant much to be coveted, but it is to
be feared that its hybrid origin precludes the possi-
bility of its ever being common. A third rare beauty
is Oncidium cucullatum giganteum, a well-named
novelty, as it is much larger in all its parts than the
ordinary form and quite four times the size of the
original species. Its flower-spikes are much branched,
flowers large, petals chocolate, lip rose, spotted dark
crimson. Angrcecum Scottianum is another rare
plant in bloom, it has dark green semi-terete leaves,
and habit of growth something like a dwarf Vanda
Hookeri. It bears a two-flowered spike of almost
disproportionately large blooms, the large, wax-like,
snow-white lips being turned upwards, and the
yellowish fleshy tails hanging down. It is an African
plant, which will be well received should it ever
reach these shores alive and in quantity. Cymbidium
rhodocharis has tall upright spikes of light yellow
flowers, with curious two-lobed lips veined with
violet. It is a Madagascar plant, not of the first
merit, but it calls to mind the Brothers Humblot, one
of whom died while making the collection in which
the plant came. Among unnamed novelties are a
strange tawny-yellow form oi Odontoglossum ramos-
issimum with flowers without a tinge of the lilac
colour usually met with in that species, and a Lycaste
which may best be described as a L. Harrisonia; with
bright yellow flowers.

The better known but not commonly found species
give Aspasia lunata with showy flowers having
greenish petals spotted with black, and attractive
lips, mauve edged with white ; that little gem, Sac-
colabium Hendersonianum, with three spikes of its
rosy-pink flowers ; three Veitchian hybrid Cypri-
pediums, viz., C. tonsum, with its immense greenish
flowers ; C. oenanthum, like a C. barbatum with a
C. Spicerianum dorsal sepal; and C. albo-purpureum,
a gigantic variety of the C. Sedeni section. Utricularia
Eodresii, which has a wide-spread reputation for being
unmanageable, has, strange to say, never been any
trouble to Sir Trevor Lawrence ; from the first it
took kindly to the warm shady house in which it was
suspended, increased rapidly in the weediest manner,
and is now showering out its numerous light blue
flowers over the many pretty specimens which look
so much at home here. Epidendrum Wallisii, Den-
drobium Iluttoni, and its hybrids, which are always
noted as being in bloom at Burford, are still in flower,
and the original O. hebraicum is sending up a spike.
In the general collection a remarkable specimen of
Dendrochilum filiforme with hard on one hundred of
its elegant drooping spikes of tiny yellow flowers
forms a lovely object, the beauty of which cannot be
conceived by those who have only seen small plants.
This specimen, too, is interesting in other respect, as it
was one of the late Sigismund Rucker's favourites ; it
has lost nothing by its move from Wandsworth to
Burford. Dendrobium Dearei is represented by several
good specimens with plenty of spikes of pure white
flowers on them, in some cases fifteen to twenty of
them on a spike. The longer this plant is with us the
better it is liked.

Many other striking plants are now in bloom,
noticeable being Odontoglossum vexillarium, a plant
3 feet across, with many spikes, an immense
flowered form ; large specimens of Cypripedium
Veitchianum, C. Lawrenceanum, and C. Stonei ;
a few remaining Cattleya Dowiana, C. gigas,
and C. Gaskelliana ; a great mass of Grammato-
phyllum Ellisii, Dendrobium Lowianum, D. James-
ianum, Phatenopsis Schroederi, P. violacea, P. an-
tennifera, P. violacea, P. cornu-cervi ; Odontoglossum
bictonense album, some very finely flowered Anguloa
Ruckeriana, Cattleya Leopold!, Brassavola Digbyana,

io8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JtTLY 26, 1884.

Masdevallia bella, M. Daviesii, M. ionocharis, many
M. Harryana, Disa grandiflora, Epidendrum vitel-
linum majus, Stanhopea eburnea, Vandas, Sacco-
labiums, &c.

At Burtord Lodge there are always lessons in culture
to be learnt, and a few of them force themselves on
our notice now. Here is a grand plant of thegenerally
troublesome Dendrobium chrysotis (Hookerianum),
with pseudobulbs from 6 to 10 feet in length ; they
have been trained up as long as convenient, and
now the points of many of them have been
turned down. The stems, under the skilful manage-
ment to which they have been subjected, have grown
on year after year from the points, and now the lower
portion of the plant, on which the riper growth is
profusely set with flower-spikes. It has been grown
in a rather shady intermediate-house. Dendrobium
Falconeri here grows very freely, and without those
signs of impatience usually seen about it, in a shady
part of the cold Odontoglossum-house ; it is also said
to carry its Bowers for a much longer period when
grown cold than when kept in heat. Sobralia ma-
crantha, grown in full light in a vinery, and which is
now in bloom, bears larger flowers of better sub-
stance, and for a much longer time than when grown
in a close house. All the Sobralias like a bright
light. On the other hand, the Masdevallias at Burford
are all kept shady, and their healthy green leaves, un-
marked by that objectionable spot, are pleasant to
look at. In one of the warm Orchid-houses Eucharis
amazonica are flowering fairly, planted out on the
ground beside the hot-water pipes. It likes shade,
and if it succeeds in such a position it will be useful.

In the Nepenthes-house the giant N. Mastersiana x
and the handsome N. Northiana are among the most
striking, and thegreat specimen ofOuvirandra fenestra-
lis as flourishing as ever. In the large cold greenhouse,
which is always filled with good plants in bloom, are
a very fine collections of tuberous Begonias, some of
the best doubles being Antoinette Querin, a very full,
pure white ; Mrs. J. L. Macfarlane, a fine double
cerise ; Madame Comesse, salmon-rose ; and For-
mosa, a rosy-carmine variety like a double Hibiscus.
The best singles were Nymph, a grand white with
rose edge ; Marquis of Bute, bright crimson ; Dr.
Masters, a splendid dark crimson ; Ball of Fire,
scarlet ; and Marchioness of Bute, rosy pink. In the
same bouse are some finely-bloomed Agapanthus, both
blue and pure white ; a good lot of the handsome
carmine Impatiens Sultani, Abutilons, &c. ; an over-
head Bomarea conferta, which produces dense clusters
of crimson flowers. Many other houses are devoted
to the culture of Gardenias, Tyd^as (grandly in
bloom now), and other good and showy plants, and
in particular a good collection of those often mis-
managed bulbs — Nerines, Freesias, Lachenalias,
Ixias, &c., which make such a welcome show in their
season.

Outdoors a good selection of herbaceous perennials
are grown, good patches of each of the showy things,
many of them being now in bloom. The florists'
flowers are also well cared for, some good varieties
of Carnations being particularly noticeable ; of these
the large bright rose-pink variety, Mary Morris, is
certainly the best either as a pot-plant or in the
open border it is equally free, fresh-looking, and
sweet. A very fine hybrid| crimson, raised by Mr.
Powell when at Bury St. Edmunds, proves quite
hardy at Burford, where it is now furnished with fine
heads of bloom. For cutting the different varieties
of Alstromeria are found very useful, as they give
attractive flowers, which last well by reason of the
buds opening well in water. On the flower garden
near the new fountain Canna iridiflora Ehemanni is
in great perfection, its foliage being very ornamental,
and its spikes of crimson flowers very effective.
Turning by the dell, so inviting-looking with its wild
and naturally growing foliage, in which the clumps of
Polygonum and Doronicum are so effective, we pass
out, having passed without seeing many more good
things than we have noted, no doubt.

Lythrum Salicaria var. rosea is a hand-
some variety of the common Loosestrife, with rich
rosy-red flowers. It is, besides, a somewhat dwarfer
grower than the type. The common purple Loose-
strife of our river banks and ditches also makes a
beautiful garden plant even in dry poor sandy soils.
This species is interesting, not only on account of its
trimorphism, but also as an example of a water-lover
which thrives in cultivation under conditions so
extremely different from those which obtain where it
occurs in a state of Nature.

CURIOSITIES IN COMMERCE.

It is often said that England is the manufactory
for the world, which is so far correct that there are
few countries open to commerce that do not take
some or other of the endless articles we produce, in
the shape of either necessaries or luxuries. And in
not a few cases at the present day there are what may
be termed the curiosities of commerce, where we im-
port from other lands articles all but identical with
those we supply to the same countries. With com-
modities of a nature such as are dependent on a con-
siderable amount of solar warmth and a cloudless sky,
or, failing this, artificial heat, such as exotic fruits —
in the artificial production of which we long had no
competitors — of late years there has been direct evidence
such as leads to doubts about our being able to hold
our own against those so far more favourably
circumstanced in climate as enables them to
effect as much with unheated glass coverings as we
can with the aid of costly appliances and fuel where-
with to obtain the heat to make up for our want of
sun. This, it is needless to say, is most apparent in
fruits that will keep for some time after they are ripe,
and bear carriage — such as Grapes, which are ever
likely, as hitherto, to be the most prized for their
general properties. Year by year the influx of early
foreign Grapes has kept on increasing, until the price
which the growers are able to get is not more than a
fourth of what they used to receive. True it is that
although many of the foreign Grapes are fair to look
at, and passable to eat, yet they are far behind in flavour
the well grown, fully ripened fruit of home growth ;
and although the home growers of early Grapes are in
danger of being run off the road with the second-rate
foreign produce, still there are those in the world
who know what is good to eat as well as to look
at. In confirmation of which it is only necessary
to point to Mr. Shaw's extensive vineries at
Cowick Hall, near Goole, Yorkshire, where fine
Grapes in quantity are grown, most of which are now
being sent to St. Petersburg and Copenhagen, which
most people will admit is a curiosity in commerce.
A recent opportunity of seeing the vineries at this
place enables me to speak of the extent and quality
of the Grapes there grown for the capital of the vast
Northern Empire.

The first is a lean-to range, facing south, 300 feet
long by 17 wide, in four divisions, the first of which
is filled with a mixed lot, consisting of Black Ham-
burgh, Foster's Seedling, and Buckland Sweetwater.
Much of the crop was cleared, the remainder, and
also the Vines, bearing evidence of the satisfactory
condition they are in. In the adjoining house all are
Black Hamburghs except two or three Muscats.
Most of the crop here also was cleared, the Vines, as
in the preceding house, being in good condition.
The next division is all Muscats, bearing a full
crop of even bunches that have been unusually
well set. The last of the range contains
several varieties, but are all being inarched with Gros
Colmar and Alicante. The Vines are carrying an
excellent crop of over 500 even bunches, averaging
eighteen to nineteen to each rod. Mr. Carter, the gar-
dener here, has a wholesome aversion to over-crop-
ping; all through the place the Vines are not allowed
to bear more than they are able to finish properly.
The Vines in this range are thirteen or fourteen years
old, planted inside near the front wall, with full-sized
inside and outside borders. Three years back I under-
stand there were next to no active roots inside ; there
has been no renewal or addition to the inside borders
except some 12 inches of new soil laid on about 3 feet
in width next the stems of the Vines, but water with-
out stint, much of which is applied in the shape of
rich liquid-manure, has been given ; and Mr. Carter
says that the borders are now so full of feeding fibres
that it is scarcely possible to get a fork in to loosen
the surface without doing injury.

Fronting this range, and in a line with it, at a dis-
tance which allows a good sized double border, there
is a span-roofed range in two divisions, each 40 yards
long by 8 yards wide, planted on both sides, the
borders all outside. The eastern division is filled with
a mixture of sorts seven years planted ; they consist of
Gros Colmar, Lady Downe's, Alicante, and Barbarossa,
all of which by inarching are ultimately to be Gros
Colmar : they are bearing a full crop of even hand-
some bunches. Mr, Carter follows the long-rod
system with most of his Vines, and fire-heat is kept
constantly going all the season — with the latest kinds
and Muscats from the time they are started. The

next of these very large houses has been partly re-
planted one year, and some a year longer. The
youngest portion of these Vines are carrying two to
three bunches each, that will run from 6 to 9 lb. per
rod ; the older ones have six bunches each : they bore
three last year, which evidently from the strength
they have attained did not overtax them. For their
long journey the Grapes are packed in boxes about
16 inches square, and of sufficient depth to allow the
bunches to be stood on end with a good bed of
cork-dust in the bottom of the box under them : each
bunch is enclosed in tissue-paper, and the boxes filled
as full as they will hold. Two long span-roofed
houses, each 26 yards long by 4 feet wide, are devoted
to Cucumber growing, and were bearing freely : the
sort is a seedling of Mr. Carter's — a thick short-necked
fruit that runs from 15 to iS inches long, and evidently
a useful kind. There is a good crop of Apricots on
the walls, and some Plums on a few sorts such as
Victoria, which is largely grown here ; a straight run
of high wall, from 250 to 300 feet long, is covered with
this useful sort. T, B,

WAYSIDE FLOWERS AND

AQUATICS.

Whoever adds to his avocation or profession the
study of the British Flora, if merely for the purpose
of amusement or hobby, finds much to interest wher-
ever he goes, and besides many a useful lesson may be
learned, by one inured to habits of careful observation.
If his occupation is sedentary or of such a nature as to
necessitate "his confinement indoors all day, an occa-
sional holiday is looked forward to with an eagerness
unknown to any but those who have experienced it.
The long summer evening or early morning serves the
same pupose, affording recreation to the body as well
as relaxation to a mind wearied with study or other
monotonous routine of daily life. The dusty high-
ways under a burning sun offer few attractions to the
ordinary tourist or holiday maker, yet in the course
of a long day's journey the botanist seldom fails to
collect a considerable number of attractive or interest-
ing members of a flora that seldom or never occur in
great abundance in any given locality.

The hedge-banks and waste places in the neigh-
bourhood of Taplow, Buckinghamshire, are clad with
a varied vegetation, often rank and weedy, amidst
which, however, scattered specimens of Verbascum
nigrum may be noticed, with its straight rod-like
stem, and deep yellow flowers in clusters on a long
raceme. It is one of the most frequently cultivated
species, and although not the largest flowered is a
good herbaceous plant, and being perennial it will last
in good condition for many years, whereas the bulk
of those in gardens are biennial in their nature and
require frequent renewal. Salvia verbenaca, the
smaller flowered of the two British species, is some-
times grown in gardens. It was formerly used as a
medicinal plant, and is also interesting as a repre-
sentative of a genus numbering about 450 species.
Centaurea Cyanus, of the clearest lively blue, adorns
the Wheat fields in some places in a conspicuous
manner. Many varieties in different shades of colour
are cultivated in gardens, but the typical wild flowers
excel those varieties in brilliancy. Papaver Rhoeas
and Chrysanthemum segetum, with scarlet and golden-
yellow flowers respectively, occupy a similar position
in other fields, and although extremely ornamental in
their way find little favour in the eyes of the husband-
man. The Chrysanthemum will flourish and per-
petuate itself in any cultivated field, but it grows
most luxuriantly and developes its showy character
best in Turnip, Mangel Wurzel, and other fields
where the crops do not overtop it. In wet seasons,
when it is difficult to clean the land, fields frequented
by this Composite often assume a uniform golden-
yellow appearance. Many far less ornamental annuals
than this are assiduously cultivated in gardens. If
cultivators would take it in hand properly great im-
provements might be efi'ected in dwarfing its habit by
selection, or otherwise enhancing its value for horti-
cultural purposes. Camelina sativa occurs sparely
in waste places. It is an introduced plant, but gene-
rally recorded in the British flora, and the seeds
are valued economically for an expressed oil,
while the residue is made into cake for cattle
feeding purposes. A white variety of Ballota
nigra occurs on the hedge-banks. Conium macu-
latum is a weedy plant, with handsome foliage,
but notable on account of its poisonous proper-
ties and its disfavour in the neigbourhood of human
dwellings. Cichorium intybus grows in great abun-

JCILY 26, 1SS4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

109

dance on some banks and waste places. The herbage
is coarse and rigid, but the broad heads of dazzling
blue florets, reminding one of the Bluebottle, compen-
sate for this ungainliness. It is the origin of Chicory,
cultivated for its roots, which are ground up and
used to adulterate Coffee. Another plant frequent on
railway embankments is Daucus carota, the wild
Carrot, all but unrecognisable beside its modern
representative in cultivation. In shady sheltered
places, more or less overhung with trees, Circcea
iutetiana, Poanemoralis, and Euphorbia amygdaloidcs
find a suitable home.

As one winds along the narrow hedge-begirt high-
ways in the parish of Egham, Surrey, the country
proves itself considerably undulated, and even hilly,
adorned with many fine large trees, and occasionally
exhibiting glimpses of finely-built mansions and
private residences nestling among the trees, or crown-
ing some rising knoll. Hypericum hirsutum, H,
perforatum, and Lamium galeobdolon aft'ect the
hedge-banks and bushy places, and together with
Genista tinctoria form a series of pretty yellow
flowering plants suitable forrockwork. The Lamium
is a conspicuous plant when in flower, rather variable
in its leafage, and constitutes a separate genus accord-
ing to some authors, on account of the nearly equally
three-lobed lower lip of the corolla. Genista tinctoria
in full flower is distinguishable at a great distance by
its erect racemes of golden-yellow flowers. It grows
here in strong patches, frequenting dry fields, and is
barely surpassed for horticultural purposes by the
double form, which is more durable.

Salvia verbenaca and Cichorium intybus occur

Fig. 22. — ward's grape trough.

again in considerable quantity by the roadsides about
Staines, Middlesex. The former is evidently at
home, and ripens seed in great abundance. Scabiosa
arvensis, Erodium cicutarium, and Convolvulus
arvensis, with its white variety, are all showy or in-
teresting plants. Agrostis spica-venti, deserves a
place amongst ornamental grasses, for which its large
plume-like panicle is very suitable. In a piece of
waste water within a few yards of the highway and
close by the village itself, some of the noblest and
showiest of British aquatics occur in great abundance,
completely taking possession of the pond. The open
flowers of Nymphsea alba emit an agreeable but not
very powerful odour, and are only preserved from the
public by the difficulty of getting at them. This, the
queen of British aquatics, is very variable, even in a
wild state, both in size and colour. At the railway
stations the keen observer can detect in the hands of
pleasure seekers who have been collecting in the
Thames varieties of a decidedly rosy tinge of colour.
Butomus umbellatus must always rank close to the
Nymphcea in ornamental value, and flowers here with
great freedom. Hottonia palustris, Sagittaria sagitti-
folia, Potamogeton natans, and Iris Pseudacorus
occupy their respective places. The first named is
remarkable as a member of the Primrose order for its
finely divided submerged leaves, characteristic of many
aquatics.

The bed of the river Colne, where accessible to the
public near Bedfont, Middlesex, is almost choked up
with an aquatic vegetation noticeable for its various
shades of green. Most of the plants are submerged
and the flow of the water being strong, they flower
very sparingly, but ripple and wave in the direction of
the current. Amongst these the pale yellowish-green

foliage of the Brandy-bottle, Nuphar luteum, is con-
spicuous ; and various darker tints are exhibited by
CaMitriche hamulata, C. vernalis. Ranunculus hetero-
phyllis, Potamogeton densus, Qinanthe fluviatilis,
and the long ribbon-like pale green leaves of Spar-
ganium natans, Myosolis repens, and Thalictrum
flavum occupy the wet margins of the banks or even
wade in the water ; Daucus carota, Hypericum per-
foratum, Verbena otlicinalis, and Galium verum occupy
the drier parts, which they decorate in no mean
manner. .\'.

NEW INVENTIONS.

Ward's Patent Troughs kok Holding and
Keeping Grapes after they are Cut from
THE Vine. — Mr. GeoreeWard, of Bishop's Stottford,

Fig. 23. — ward's grape trough.

who is well known in gardening circles as a large
grower of Grapes, has invented a new trough for
keeping Grapes after they are cut from the Vine. The
trough is oblong in shape, about 17 inches long, and
being composed of glazed earthenware, is clean,
durable, and cheap. The troughs are single and
double in form, the former (see 6g5. 22and 23) for fixing
with L-shaped holdfast against walls, and the latter
(see figs. 24, 25) for standing on wood frames
specially constructed for the purpose. The method
of fixing and using them will be clearly seen on

Fig. 24. — ward's grape rail and trough.

reference to the illustrations, particularly to the larger
scale sections (figs. 23, 25).

It will be seen that both single and double troughs
have a flange or ledge, F F. The shoot bearing the
bunch of Grapes should be cut sufficiently long to
admit of the bunch hanging free of the trough, while
the end of the shoot is lodged under this flange as
shown. No tying or fastening of any kind is required
the weight of the Grapes being sufficient to hold
the bunch in position. By this simple contrivance
much labour and trouble is avoided. The Grapes
hang in their natural position, without the trough
being tilted, and consequently there is no danger of
any drip. There is no danger of the end of the
shoot being out of the water, and yet the trough need
not be filled brimfuU, Water can be put

into the troughs without disturbing the Grapes, and
each bunch can be lifted out for examination, and
replaced with the greatest ease. Mr, Ward used
these troughs for keeping Soo lb. of Grapes from
January till the first week in April of the present year,
during which time they were seen by many large
Grape growers, who expressed their unqualified
approval of the invention.

The troughs are not placed close up end to end, but
kept about 7 inches apart, as shown in the sketches.
It would be useless to place them close, because if a
bunch is hung at the extreme end of each, another
could not in any case be placed between.

FOI^ESTJ^Y.

A School of Forestry. — In the House of
Commons recently Sir J. Lubbock called the atten-
tion of the Government to the great desirability of
taking some steps to promote the study of forestry in
this country. They were sometimes told that forestry
was not of much importance, because our national
forests were small compared with those of several
other countries. Even the national woods and forests
were, however, of sufficient extent to make the ques-
tion between good and bad management one well
deserving of attention. It was estimated that alto-
gether there were some 2,500,000 acres of woodlands ;
but in addition there were also, at least, 5,000,000 or
6,000,000 acres which it would pay to plant. Indeed,
Mr. Howitz estimated the amount at 5,000,000 acres
in Ireland alone, and M. Boppe, in his report, ex-

FlG. 25.— SECTION OF WARD's GRAPH TROUGH AND RAIL.

pressed his opinion that in Scotland also there " still
remained 5,000,000 acres capable of furnishing valu-
able forests." A remarkable illustration of what
might be done by judicious and systematic planting
was afforded by the French " Landes." This region,
which thirty years ago was one of the poorest and
most miserable in France, was now one of the most
prosperous. The increased value was estimated at
no less than 1,000,000,000 fr. Our own experience
in India was another striking case. The institution
of the Forest Department in India was first placed on
a scientific footing in 1863, and what had been the
result ? In 1870 the forest revenue of India was
;f 357,000, with the nett income of ^52,000. In 1880
the gross revenue had reached ^{^545, 000, while the
nett income had increased from ;£'52,ooo to /'2i5,ooo.
One fundamental difference between the management
of woods and forests in England and France seemed
to be that we planted and then thinned, and then
finally cut down the trees. The French foresters, on
the contrary, made it an essential part of their system
that the forest should renew itself. All the great
countries of Europe had established forest schools.
Great Britain was the only exception, and it was
surely very remarkable that it should be so, when
they considered that this empire was probably the
most richly endowed with woods and forests of all the
countries of the world. The arguments in favour of
establishing a forest school in this country were very
strong. Last year, when he called the attention of
the Government to this question his hon. friend the
Secretary of the Treasury promised to give it his
serious consideration. He would respectfully urge
the Government to appoint a committee, or to appoint
a commission, to inquire into the whole subject.
Averse as he was on general principles to Govern-

no

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JULV 26, 1S84,

ment interference with private enterprise, the objection
did not seem to apply here. He did not at present
ask for a Government school ; it would be preferable,
if it were possible, to utilize the national forests in
connection with Cirencester, Downlon, or some other
similar institution, but he would press on the Govern-
ment and on the House the great need of some such
step, the result of which, he felt satisfied, would be
that our existing forests and woodlands would be
made more remunerative, large tracts would be pro-
fitably planted, we should create additional employ-
ment for the people, considerably increase the in-
comes of the landholders, and make a substantial
addition to the wealth and resources of the nation.

Indian Forestry. — The following note has been
drawn up by Sir George Birdwood, to accompany the
exhibition of Indian forest produce in the Interna-
tional Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh : —

It may be said that forest conservancy in India
originated in Edinburgh, Roxburgh, Wallich, Royle,
and others of the early explorers of Indian botany,
long ago called attention to the destruction which had
been going on for centuries of the forests of India and
Burmah. In primeval times India, as is evident from
the descriptions given in the Ramayana and Mahab-
harata, was covered with dense forests, the produc-
tions of which found their way into the commerce of
antiquity long before the name of India itself became
generally known. Thus most of the costly spices
used for embalming the dead in Egypt, and by the
Jews in the service of the Tabernacle at Shiloh and
Jerusalem, must have been received from India.
Recently, also, it has been discovered that Indian
Teak was used in the building of the temples of
Babylonia, although it is uncertain whether it was
employed in their original construction during the
period of the first Chaldean kingdom, from about the
thirteenth to the twentieth, and possibly thirtieth
century B.C., or in their restoration during the Baby-
lonian empire of Nebuchadnezzar, in the seventh
century B.C.

In the course of the gradual occupation of the
valley of the Indus and of the Jumna and Ganges,
by the Aryan race, and of Southern India by the
Dravidian races, the alluvial plain of Hindustan, and
the upland basiltic plain of the Deccan became par-
tially deforested ; but primeval forests still covered
all the southern slopes of the Himalayas, and the
mountainous coasts of Malabar and Coromandel, and
the wide hilly region of Central India, north and
south of the Nerbudda and Taptee rivers, still known
by the name of Gondwana, " The Gond Forest."

It was in the troubles following the decline of the
Moghul empire that these remaining forests were
gradually encroached on, and vast extents of the
surface of the country converted into wild wastes ;
and it was the destruction of vegetation over wide
extended areas at this time which thenceforward ren-
dered India liable to desolating droughts, and the
consequent calamity of often-recurring famines.

Where the British Government first felt the pinch
was in the increasing difficulty found in providing
timber of the required scantling for shipbuilding ; and
with the view of keeping up the supply of Teak for
the Government dockyard at Bombay, the late Dr.
Gibson, of the Medical Establishment in that Presi-
dency— where he was long known to the passing
generation by the affectionate soubriquet of " Daddy
Gibson" — was appointed in 1S46 Conservator of
Forests. Such was the state of things in India, when,
in 1850, the British Association, which met in that
year at Edinburgh, appointed a committee to report
on the probable effects of the destruction of tropical
forests, and the report was presented in the following
year, when the Association met at Ipswich. The
broad view taken of the subject in the report, and the
weight of the facts brought forward in illustration of
the immense importance to the economy of civilisa-
tion of the conservancy of the forests of the tropics,
attracted the attention of the Court of Directors of
the Honourable East India Company, and within a
few years afterward regular forest conservancy estab-
lishments were sanctioned fur the Madras Presidency
and British Burmah.

Before 1S48 no check whatever had been imposed
in India on the reckless clearing of the primeval
forests for cultivation, and no heed was taken of the
effect such clearing, particularly on the slopes of hills,
would have on the rainfall. In 1S4S Major-General
Frederick Conyers Cotton, C.S.I., then a captain in
the Madras Engineers, urged oo the Madras Govern-

ment the necessity for taking some immediate steps
to preserve the forests bordering on Coimbatore and
Cochin from further denudation by the reckless waste-
fulness of the native contractors who farmed the
forests for the supply of Teak-wood for the Bombay
dockyard. On his recommendation Colonel (then
Lieutenant) Michael, C.S.I., who had had oppor-
tunities of observing forest conservancy on the con-
tinent of Europe, and who, as an accomplished
shikari^ had a wide practical acquaintance with the
forests of Southern India, was appointed to give effect
to General Cotton's proposals. Colonel Michael
organised an establishment, opened out roads and
timber slips down the mountain passes, and soon
scored a financial success. His efiforts in providing
efficient conservancy were far more important. It
became at once apparent that it was better in the
interests of the State to preserve the magnificent
natural forests of the Presidency than to raise an
immediate revenue from them ; and the first step
taken in this view was to lease an extensive Teak
tract from the Zemindar of Colangode, and to buy up
all his minor contracts with timber merchants. The
whole of the southern forests in the Madras Presi-
dency, down to Cochin and Travancore, were thus
placed, and have ever since remained, under strict
conservancy. A system of clearing belts of brush-
wood to preserve the young saplings from fire was
also introduced, the hill tribes being employed in the
work ; and in this way the destruction of the prin-
cipal forests of Southern India was most opportunely
averted.

Within a few years the advantages of these measures,
and the great success of Colonel Michael's work,
were so clearly seen, that the court of directors, who
had just then been so strongly impressed by the report
of the British Association, sanctioned the extension
of General Cotton's scheme to the remaining forests
in the Madras Presidency, and, in short, inaugurated
the organisation of the regular forest department, not
only in Southern India, but for the whole Indian
peninsula and British Burmah. About the same time
Colonel Michael, whose health had been undermined
by seven years of incessant exposure to the dangers of
forest life, when little was known about healthy or
unhealthy seasons in the jungles, was forced to retire
from his appointment, the work of which was taken
up by Deputy-Surgeon-General HughCleghorn, M.D.,
as the first regularly constituted Conservator of
Forests in the Madras Presidency.

Cleghorn carried out the organisation of the new
department in Madras with such astonishing energy
and success that he was soon called on to extend the
sphere of his operations into the Punjaub. He also
afforded Dr. Brandis, C.I.E., the most efficient
assistance in introducing and systematically working
conservancy in the forests of Bengal, and with the
most satisfactory results. Brandis had previously
done very distinguished forest work in Burmah, and
in 1S62 was appointed Inspector-General of Forests
under the Government of India. From that time the
successful future of forest conservancy in India was
assured. The eminent scientific and administrative
abilities of Dr. Brandis have been widely recognised ;
and to him we owe the introduction of the Indian
Forest Acts, which, while strengthening the hands of
the Government, have secured to the people the
maintenance of all the ancient rights and privileges
inherited by them from time immemorial.* He, in
fact, by his great capacity, his wise recommendations,
and his personal example of enthusiastic devotion to
duty, has made the Forest Department of India what
it now is.

The cost of the three establishments (including
Bengal and Burmah), Madras and Bombay, in salaries,
travelling allowances, contingent expenses, &c., is
^190,000 per annum.

The Forest Acts, originated by Brandis, arose out

* One of the main difficulties with which the Forest Depart-
ment almost throughout India has had to cope is that of the
customary privileges of common. The people, especially the
agriculturists, have for generations been accustomed to use
the forests for cutting firewood, grazint;, and even clearing lor
cultivation, without restriction. The exercise of these rights,
withoift regulation, was tending to the certain deslruclion of the
forests, hnd, with the rapid increase of population under the
British Government, was every year becoming more injurious
to the public welfare. It was, therefore, absolutely necessary
to bring the Indian forests under some control ; while at the
same time it was felt that to suddenly prohibit the traditionary
rights of the people In them would be most cruel and unjuht.
What, therefore. Brandis aimed at in his Acts was to forbid
akngether the exercise of those privileges which were incom-
patible with the existence of the forests, and to allow others to
as great an extent as possible. Thus in every locality some of
the forest land is still left open to grazing and firewood cutting,
&c., and some strictly closed for a period long enough to
enable the trees on it to recover.

of the necessity of giving a legal status and legal
authority to the new department. There are at
present three of these Acts, viz., No. VII. of 1S78,
which applies to India generally, including Bombay ;
No. XIX. of iSSi, which applies to British Burmah
only ; and No. V. (Madras) of 1SS2, which applies
to the Madras Presidency. They are all based on
the same principle, and do not widely differ in details.
Speaking broadly, they divide the forests of India
under three select classes — Reserved forests, protected
forests, including Vellore forests, and forests which
are private property.

The reserved forests are under the direct control of
the department, and are managed exclusively as a
source of immediate and prospective profit, their
limits being surveyed and demarcated, nomadic cul-
tivation within them forbidden, destructive under-
growth cut out, the annual hot weather fires guarded
against, and the cutting of timber strictly regulated.
The protected forests are subject to less stringent
supervision, and the people retain therein, subject to
regulation, their hereditary rights of cultivation,
pasturage, and wood cutting ; only certain kinds of
timber being protected. Private forests are controlled
only to such an extent as is necessary to prevent their
destruction. Besides these there are the State plan-
tations devoted to the cultivation of timber trees.

The area of the reserved forests of India is about
46,000 square miles. That of the unreserved forests
has not yet been ascertained : while that of the plan-
tations under the Government of India and Madras
alone is 41,000 acres. The area of the plantations in
Bombay is not known ; but it is stated that the great
problem of Indian forestry, viz., the re- wooding of
waste districts, has been grappled with in the western
Presidency with great vigour and success, by sowing
broadcast the seeds of all sorts of forest trees and
shrubs, the result of which action is now beginning
to be seen in the appearance everywhere of " count-
less millions" of vigorous saplings. Extensive fuel
reserves have also been provided, and are strictly pre-
served in all parts of India, to meet the extension of
railway lines throughout the peninsula.

The nett revenue derived from these operations,
after deducting all charges for salaries and working
expenses, now amounts to over ^300,000. Prior to
1S48 the revenue from the Indian forests was nominal,
and there was no forest conservancy.* And this
vast and beneficent change, which will gradually also
reduce droughts and farames in India to a minimum,
has been achieved in a single generation, or in the
brief space of thirty-five years.

We have an illustration in Northern Afghanistan
of how misgovernment may convert a once fertile and
wealthy country, such as Afghanistan was under the
commercial rule of the Buddhists, into an inhospit-
able desert, and all India, within the solstitial line,
would probably have by this time been reduced to
the same condition but for the English conquest of
the peninsula.

When, about ten years ago, Mr. Grifiin W. Vyse
was executive engineer at Dheera Ghaza Khan in the
Punjaub, he planted over 1,000,000 timber trees
along the frontier joining India to Afghanistan and
Beloochistan, and scattered 5 tons of their seeds
broadcast everywhere ; and in 1S77 at least 50 per
cent, of these seeds had sprung up into floarishing
young trees. Great zeal was also shown by Mr.
C. E. Gladstone, who was an assistant commissioner
in the Punjaub at this time, in encouraging the plant-
ing of trees along the base of the Suleiman range.
The Punjaub Government have also formed a forest
of trees several miles in extent ut Chunza Munza,
near Lahore ; and the result of all this planting on
our Indian northwest frontier is already being felt in
the gradually increasing annual rainfall in the south-
ern Punjaub, Southern Afghanistan, Northern Beloo-
chistan, and Northern Scinde. When these results
become more marked, and extend further into Afghan-
istan, the predatory character of the population of
that country is sure to be strongly modified ; and
should Russia adopt a wise system of forest conser-
vancy in Turkestan we may hope for the gradual
restitution to the whole of Central Asia of the pros-
perity it once enjoyed.

* Hefoie 1S48 the foiest revenue, which was treated as a
brancli of the land revenue, was very trilhng. In 1S67 — 6.^; it
amounted to ^331,000. In 1^81—82 it .nmountcd to over
^874,000 ; and as the total charges under all heads amounted
lo /l557,ooo the nctt forest revenue w.as ex.ictlv /I3i7,o3o. U
must, however, he borne in mind that, even from a iinancial
point of view, the annual revenue which forest conservancy has
as yet provided is uiterly insignificant when compared with the
capital v.iUie of the Indian forests redeemed by the Uritlah
Govcramcut from ceridin dcbtruction.

July 26, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

lit

The planting of trees has always been a highly
honoured popular custom among the natives of India,
and the Brahmins have a saying, wisely devised to
encourage the practice, that " lie who plants a tree
lives long." We may augur, therefore, from the
success of our forest department, a long life to British
rule in India.

It is a happy omen also that the first International
Exhibition of Forestry should have been appointed to
be held in the stately capital of Scotland, where
scientific forestry throughout the British empire
received its earliest impulse — and that the exhibition
should be so much indebted for its prosperous issue
to the co-operation of Colonel Michael, the pioneer
of practical forestry, and of Cleghorn, the father of
scientific forestry in India. Georj;e Binhvooti, June iS,

f rcl|ifl ||olts mi mm\\\\%%

Vand.\ Sanderiana.— I forward for your inspec-
tion a flower-spike of \'anda Sanderiana bearing five
flowers, which, you will observe, are quite as large, or
larger, than these figured in the Orchid Allnan, but
not quite so rich in the colouring. The flower-spike
of this grand species rises straight above the leaves,
the flowers are very evenly placed around it, and not
too much crowded together ; so that, looked at from
any side, it is seen to great advantage. This plant
was bought by Mr. Wood at Stevens' sale-rooms on
January 31, 1SS4, at that time having seven leaves,
which were considerably shrivelled and wrinkled, and,
of course, no live roots. I placed it in a Teak basket
amongst charcoal, crocks, and sphagnum, mixed, and
hung it up to within 2 feet of the glass in the Catt-
leya-house ; there it has remained ever since it came
into my hands, making thick, strong roots very
freely. The old leaves are now fresh and plump, and
two new ones are partly grown. From what I have
seen of it I should say that it is quite as good a
grower as any other Vanda, and certainly a magnifi-
cent variety. James Rotitledge, Gr. lo C. L. Wood,
Eiii; Frieland, Bridge of Earn, Perth, July 21.

\\ mmt\

The late heavy rains have tended to harden the
soil so much that it will be necessary to loosen the
surface of the beds to prevent the soil cracking, and
at the same time admit air to the roots. If after this
is done a light mulching of well decayed dung or leaf-
mould be applied the plants will be greatly benefited.
Frequent attention should still be paid to pegging
and tying till the beds are completely furnished, and
when this is effected continue to pinch and prune the
plants to their allotted spaces, never allowing them to
grow beyond their proper limits, nor permitting them
in any way to interfere with the general effect of the
other parts of the design. Keep all the freest flower-
ing plants, such as Verbenas, Calceolarias, Violas,
and Lobelias, well supplied with liquid-manure, so as
to prevent exhaustion and assist them in supporting
the enormous amount of bloom which they produce
under good management. If at regular intervals a
portion of the blooms are removed a prolonged season
of flowering will be the result. All subtropicals will
during windy weather require careful attention in
staking and tying, so as to prevent injury to the
branches and foliage. These are, owing to the almost
tropical weather we experienced in June, unusually
vigorous and effective this season, and where they
have been judiciously planted with plenty of space to
develope their increased size they produce a fine
effect. Carpet beds are now very bright, but as they
are making very rapid growth additional care in trim-
ming will be required lo keep them within proper
bounds.

Mixed Borders should be gone over frequently,
so as to remove all decayed flowers, and where the
foliage also decays suitable plants should be intro-
duced so as to fill up all blank spaces and keep up a
succession as long as possible. Spring plants removed
to the reserve garden should now receive attention.

All bloom should be persistently removed, and propa-
gation, either by cuttings or division of the roots of
many of the subjects, should now proceed with all
speed so as to complete this important work in this
department before the time arrives for propagating
the summer plants. A north border is the best and
most convenient position for this work, as there are
few hardy plants which will not succeed either as
cuttings or divisions at this season of the year, if so
placed, provided the soil be rather sandy and the
surface be kept freely loosened. Aubrietia, Tolyan-
thus, Arabis, Alyssum, Daisies, and all similar plants,
if divided now, will make fine tufts for autumn
planting. Cuttings and layers of Carnations, Pinks,
and Picotees, may also now be made, and by striking
them thus early they will take root quickly and make
finer plants and not be so liable to disease as the late-
struck plants. This is also an excellent time to sow
the East Lothian, Intermediate, and Brompton
Stocks, as well as the various hardy biennial and
perennial plants required for next year's display. The
tenderest varieties should be sown in pans or boxes
and placed in a cold frame, but the hardier ones are
better sown in a warm, sunny border.

Roses should now be propagated by budding and
by cuttings. In budding care should be taken to
choose a period when the sap of the stock flows freely,
so as to enable the bark to be easily separated from
the wood. If left too long in the season the bark
adheres firmly to the wood, the operation cannot then
be properly executed, and many failures occur in con-
scuuence. Another frequent source of failure is
caused by fermentation after the bud is inserted,
owing to the operation having been performed in wet
weather. Dry dull weather should, if possible, be
taken advantage of, and if bright hot weather should
occur, a few extra strands of worsted over the buds
will be found advantageous in preventing too great
evaporation of moisture therefrom. In propagating
by cuttings — a practice which, since good stocks have
become scarce, is yearly becoming more popular — care
should be taken to select only sound, well ripened
shoots of moderate strength. In choosing the cuttings,
such as have a joint or keel at the base should be
selected ; cut close to this with a sharp knife, and
plant the cuttings in a hand-light in a rich sandy
border in an open position, where they should be kept
shaded from bright sun so as to retain the foliage on
them as long as possible, removing the shade and
glass covering in the evening, so as to expose them
fully to the night air and refreshing dews. The soil
must be sandy, and, what is most important, it must
be rammed thoroughly firm round the cuttings, or
failure will be the result. This is the most simple,
inexpensive, and perhaps the most successful method
of propagation either for II. P. 's. Teas, Noisettes, or
almost any kind of Rose ; and as there are few varie-
ties which refuse to grow successfully on their own
roots, it is somewhat surprising that this method is
not more generally practised. F. S, C.

Those who are fortunate enough to possess good
standard trees of our very early Pears, such as
Doyenne d'Ete, or Citron des Carmes, will now be
able to have these at their table. Early Pears as
a rule are short-lived, and need to be gathered
only a few days before required for use ; indeed,
some are best as gathered fresh from the tree. Often-
times good Pears, not only now, but during their
whole season, are spoiled by going over the fruit, and
feeling to see if they are getting soft and fit for use.
This is a ruinous plan, and many are thus spoiled.
The only and proper way to determine when they are
fit for table is a firm pressure at the base of the stalk.
If it feels hard, no harm is done, and the fruit is un-
ripe ; but if the flesh yields under the pressure the
Pear is ripe, and the fruit is uninjured. Too great
care can hardly be exercised in gathering Pears, as
they are easily bruised and spoiled for keeping. This
is one of the seasons when walls are advantageous.
Standards are not a full crop, while those on walls are
an average. It often happens, especially on light
soils, that Pears do not grow half their size simply
from the want of moisture. In cases of this kind it
is well to remove a spit of soil from the top, and give
the tree a thorough soaking of liquid manure, and
return the soil again to its place, and mulch

the ground. This should not be done just be-
fore ripening, because it may spoil the flavour,
but while the fruit is growing. Dry weather
has the etTect of driving the biros more into the
garden, so that every net must be looked up
for protection. This particularly applits to Cherries,
but even white Currants, which will be useful in the
dessert by-and-bye, will need the same care. The
Cirape Currant, an old red kind, we usually enclose
with mats, and thus keep them late for tarts, and
flavoured with the autumn-bearing Raspberry they
are very acceptable. The old Warrington Goose-
berry is a favourite with most people, and keeps well,
therefore make sure of them. Time was, not long
ago, that there was only one kind of black Currant,
but now we have half-a-dozen varieties, all desirable
in their way. Carter's Champion is the latest intro-
duction, and seems to be deserving a place in the
Orchard. It often happens that Raspberries will in
light soils throw up too many suckers : where this
is the case their numbers should be reduced, unless it
is contemplated to make a new plantation. Plums on
standards are under an average this season ; but on
walls they are plentiful— the July Green Gage, Early
Prolific, and Early Favourite are all showing signs of
ripening on south walls. Guard against tom-tits, they
will oftentimes commence on them before they are ripe.
Nuts promise a fine crop, so be prepared in districts
where squirrels abound with a gun and a license to
carry the same, for much as one laments to kill these
pretty animals, there is nothing for it but to do so
where they are numerous. Figs promise well : stop
strong shoots, and thus divert the sap to the rapidly
swelling fruit. The Strawberries are nearly over ; as
soon as the layered plants are removed get a sharp
spade and chop off all the runners, thus increasing
the crowns. By no means have recourse to Ih ;
barbarous practice of mowing off the leaves, and
on no account remove the mulching at present j
the plants will suffer from drought in conse-
quence, and the crop will be less next year. In
favoured localities the Sweetwater and Black Cluster
Grapes still bear fruit. Keep the shoots thin and
nail them into the wall, and with the exception of the
leading shoots stop them one joint beyond the cluster,
but it is well never to be too exact on this point, for
Vine leaves are often wanted for garnishing or pack-
ing fruit, and those are found useful to save the indoor
Vines. J. Idlest, Erid^s Castle, Sussex,

Seed Sowing.— Next week will be a good time to
make sowings of the following kinds of seeds,
viz., Wheeler's Imperial Cabbage, for early spring
use ; Black Seeded Bath Cos, Hicks' Hardy While
Cos, and Lee's immense hardy Cabbage Lettuces, and
Batavian and Curled Endive, to supply the autumn
and winter salading. Another sowing of French
Beans may still be made on a warm border, trusting
to the chance of a fine autumn to complete their
growth. Also a sowing of Early Nantes Horn Carrots,
for drawing young, should be made in a like situation.
I may remark, respecting seed-sowing in July and
August, that the seed should be sown as soon as the
ground is dug, and before the soil becomes dry. The
ground should be trodden and raked, and the seed
sown, covered, and watered (if necessary) in the ordi-
nary way, and a mat or two be placed over each bed,
which will prevent the soil and seed immediately
under from being parched up — a condition respecting
which there has not been much cause for apprehen-
sion of late. Moreover, the more equable temperature
and condition of the soil thus ensured will be the
means of hastening the vegetating of the seeds.

Planting, &c. — Further plantings of Broccoli,
Savoys, Coleworts, Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauli-
flowers (good breadths for late use), Lettuce, Endive,
and Wheeler's Imperial Cabbage should be made
forthwith. The early plantings of Broccoli, Savoys,
Borecoles, and Coleworts will now require to be
earthed-up. Advancing crops of Cauliflowers, French
and Broad Beans, will also require attention in the
same direction. Neither must the destruction of
weeds among crops and on walks in this department
be forgotten, else they will quickly establish them-
selves, however distasteful their appearance may be to
those who delight in the possession of a clean and
neat garden, //. IV, IVard, Longford Castle Gardens,
Saliskury,

112

THE G^ RDENERS' CHRONICLE.

UULY 26, 18S4.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Tiircn.ir T,,i,. «« / Sale of Flowerin-j and Imported Orchids,

Tuesday, July 29 [ at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Wednesday, July 30 — Warwick Horticultural Society's Show.

[■ Royal Oxfordshire Horticultural Society's

Thursday, July

C Royal Oxfordshire
J Show.
3M Sale of valuable
I Stevens' Rooms.

Sati.'RD,\v, Aug 2

Imported Orchids, at

f Sale of the Third Portion of Mr. Bockett's
\ Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris" Rooms
f Flower Show in Wcstwood Park, South-
I ampton (and Aug. 4.)
Northamptonshire Horticultural Society's

Show (and Aug 4 )
Grand Floral Exhibition In Sefton Park,
Liverpool (and Aug. 4.)

A DISCUSSION has been lately held as to
the propriety of adopting in zoology a
triple combination of names — e.g., Turdus
migratorius propinquus for a particular thrush.
The subject is one which has been discussed
over and over again at congresses, conferences,
and meetings. Committees have been appointed
to consider it, reports have been drawn up
embodying certain recommendations, and yet
people mostly go on their own way — committees,
conferences, and reports notwithstanding. We
say mostly, for we must make an e.xception in
favour of the Daffodil Conference. One prac-
tical outcome of that gathering was a deter-
mined attempt to abolish a Nomencl.4ture
which had become preposterously cumbrous, and
was ineffect throttling the subject it was intended
to promote. The discussion above alluded to had
reference simply to natural products, and espe-
cially to birds, but, of course, the principle is
the same throughout every department of
natural history ; and as it is one in which the
readers of this journal are, for many varied
reasons, greatly interested, we need make no
apology for adverting to it. In gardens addi-
tional complexity arises from the occurrence of
artificial hybrids or crosses, from the accidental
appearance of " sports " and from the selec-
tion and fixation of particular variations
often more distinct in appearance than are
different species so-called. When these things
have to be named for garden purposes it is, un-
fortunately, not a question of trinomial nomen-
clature, but too often of penta, hexa-hepta-nomial
appellations. Look, for instance, at the names
of the varieties of Holly, of Japanese Maples, or
of certain Conifers like the Retinosporas. All
this superfluity is, in the instances alluded to,
quite needless, and we hold it up to our zoologi-
cal cofifreres as a sample of the sort of thing
they may expect when every variation from a
well known central type is made to bear as
many names as a Spanish grandee. Justification
of the practice is, of course, alleged in the cir-
cumstance, that the long-winded epithets are
more or less descriptive, just as the alarmingly
long names which chemists now adopt for their
productions are. This justification may properly
be admitted and acted on, when we have but
one single qualification to deal with. We might
conveniently call a red Rose Rosa rubra, if we
were quite sure there was only one Rose of that
colour ; but when it comes to a question of
shades of colour innumerable, and admitting of
no definite lines of demarcation, then, though
we may properly keep to the original primary
epithet it would be foolish to attempt to express
each particular shade of colour as an addition to
the name, and to subjoin other words indicative of
the form of the leaves, the nature of the prickles,
and so on. To do so is to confound the objects
of nomenclature with those of description, to
go back to the awkward system which Linnaeus
so happily overthrew.

Dr. CouES, a learned American ornithologist
and advocate of the trinomial plan, points out,
as reported in Nature, that nomenclature is a
necessary evil, and the point, according to him,
is to employ that method of naming objects
which should most clearly reflect, not only the
characters of the objects themselves, but our
ideas respecting those characters and the view
we take of them. Dr. CoUES goes on to say
that the old idea of species is quite exploded,

no such thing existing any more than a genus ;
and so intimately are all the forms of animal
and vegetable life inter-connected that if we
could have them all before us at one time there
would be no break between them, and no names
would be possible. As a matter of abstract
theory we sympathise with Dr. CouES, but
in practice it is impossible, always or even
generally to combine satisfactorily the re-
quirements of simple nomenclature with
the description of forms and the statement
of their status and relations. It will be seen,
however, that the garden practice, which we de-
precate, is quite in harmony with Dr. CoUES' pro-
posal, in so far as it is an attempt to reflect the
character of the objects themselves. The view
we take of the relative degree of importance is
indicated by the number of words in the name ;
if two only, then we have to deal with a species
— if more, with variations from that species in
their respective degrees, and according to their
position to the right of the decimal point,
as in Mr. Baker's happy illustration at the
Daffodil Congress. It will be remembered that
the learned historian of the Narcissi, and of so
many other groups of plants in which gardeners
are interested, took the species (with its afifi.xed
decimal point) as the unit ; the higher groups
of species, such as genera, orders, &c , as aggre-
gates to be placed in their due order to the left
of the decimal point, while fractions or varia-
tions of the species-unit were placed to the
right. This* would be a very simple way of
putting the matter when once we had made
up our minds as to the value of any par-
ticular group and had consequently deter-
mined the right position of the decimal point,
and the due relative position of the figures ; but
if from carelessness or inability we have not
done so, it is obvious what confusion and false
notions might and indeed do arise from our
heedlessness or incapacity. But although gar-
den practice, ill regulated though it be, may be in
harmonyasto general principles with the viewsof
Dr. Coues and the proposal advocated by him,
we must say that the extreme inconvenience of
the plan in practice outweighs any theoretical ap-
propriateness, symmetry, or relevance that it may
have. Moreover, the proposal is based, though,
as we have seen, not avowedly so, on the idea that
we know what a species is. As a matter of fact, so
far from knowing what a species is, we do not
even know that species exist, we only infer that
they do. What we call species are mere con-
ventions, figments of the imagination. The man
who has the clearest judgment and the largest
knowledge will, no doubt, form the most correct
opinions, but they will be but opinions after all
— judgments, as Dr. AsA Gray says. This
being so, there is some inconsistency in the
attempt to apply to an unstable ideal a rigidly
exact system of nomenclature. Would it not be
better at once to recognise the fact that names
areonlylabels or symbols, and that nomenclature
is purely a matter of convenience, to be regulated
by conventional rules, established for the sake of
promoting facility of reference? In ordinary life
we deal with the members of the family of
Smith or Jones by affixing the names John,
Thomas, William, as the case may be, with-
out troubling ourselves to mention their several
distinctive characteristics as observable in rela-
tive age, feature, limb, cr complexion. Thus,
in most cases, two names are amply sufficient
for the purpose intended. We do not even
greatly concern ourselves if the man we call
CODLIN is in reality more like a Cucumber, nor
if the man we know as Short stands over
six feet in his stockings ; and so, on like
grounds, at any rate for garden purposes,
we strongly advocate the abolition of all
polyonomatous epithets. Nine-tenths of the
purchasers of a fine Holly or Clematis do
not — more's the pity— care a rush what is
the precise botanical status of the plant they
buy. They purchase it with other objects.

and for them the shorter and more convenient
the name the better. The happy few who do
care for such things, whose interest is such that
they want to know all they can know about
them, would be just as well pleased with
the shorter name, always provided it be
correctly applied, because they would not
in any case of doubt trust to any name or com-
bination of names, but would investigate the
matter for themselves, or at least turn to those
sources of information in which they would be
likely to find the information they required. For
neither class of persons — the one with superficial
and merely sensuous attachment to plants, the
other with intelligent love of them— is this cum-
brous and often absurd system of nomenclature
required. For both the sweet simplicity of the
Linnjean system of nomenclature is well adapted,
and if the gardener wants more than this in the
way of nomenclature — as, in fact, he mostly does
— the system for him should be simple and
unpretending, not one aping the technicalities
of the professed naturalist, or calculated to
mislead by creating an assumption that the
plant to which it is attached has been critically
examined and its place with reference to the
decimal point ascertained beyond possibility of
doubt.

Mr. J. E. Harting, in alluding to climatic
variations, stated as his opinion that, if such
variation were sufficiently well marked to dis-
tinguish it at once from the species of which it was
said to be a variety, he would prefer to regard it as
an allied species, and to bestow on it a specific
name retaining a binomial nomenclature ; and
this view will commend itself to cultivators.
On the other hand, naturalists by profession in-
terested in ascertaining, or at least of forming,
some opinion as to the relative place in the
hierarchy of a particular form, would demur,
and from their point of view rightly so, to the
establishment of so many forms of equal rank.
The difficulty might be met if we could agree
to a uniform system of terminology for orders,
genera, species, subspecies, varieties, die, so
that one might see by the construction of the name
what the relative rank in order of precedence of
the plant was. Lindley effected this to a large
extent when he made the names of all the natural
orders end in "ace.Te" — a most convenient plan,
though one which ultra purists denounce as an
infringement of the laws of priority. Ben-
THAM and Hooker, though in our opinion
unfortunately — not adopting the " aceaa " as the
termination of the names of the orders — adopted
the termination " ales '' for the cohorts, and so
far conformed to the principle we are advo-
cating. Now, if some cunning word-spinner
would coin some form by which we could tell
from the name only whether we had to deal
with a genus, a species, a subspecies, or a
variety, much of the existing difficulty would
be obviated. A binomial nomenclature — one
word for the genus, the other for the species or
subspecies, or variety, as the case may be —
would for most purposes be sufficient, or if not,
the form of the name would indicate the rank of
the plant we were dealing with.

The Scotch Pink —Now that attention is

being called to the necessity for replanting our forest
land and covering our barren hillsides with trees, no
apology will be needed for including among our series
of figures of trees that of our native Scotch Pine — Pine
it is, and not Fir, in spite of the frequency with
which it is called by the latter name. It is a genuine
native of North Britain, as well as of Northern and
Central Europe, and is represented by numberless
varieties, interesting botanicaliy and also economically,
seeing that the timber of some, such as of the Riga
variety, is of superior quality to that of others, inde-
pendently of soil. Generally it does best on a dry,
sandy loam, intermixed with stones. As an orna-
mental tree it is strikingly picturesque, and its richly
coloured orange-pink bark is most effective, especially
when wet. There is a golden-leaved variety which
is strikiDg, especially in spring. In our volume
for 1876, vol. v., p. S22, is an interesting note
on the Pine as wild in Scotland, to which we
may call the attention of our readers. As to
the quality of the wood, some difference of opinion
exists as to the relative excellence o^ home-grown or

July 26, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

113

foreign timber — a point, perhaps, of the less import-
ance as our own supplies are so very insufficient to
meet the demand. Its habit of growth shows that it
is a tree which likes full exposure to light ; and this
may be one reason for the alleged superiority of foreign-
grown specimens. Trees of 120 — 150 years of age
are the most useful for timber, as the sap-wood is of

Rose Society's recent exhibition in Salisbury was held
in the City Council Chamber, the Mayor presiding, to
decide what should be done with the funds resulting
therefrom. It was shown that after all expenses
attending the meeting (including the payment of
prizes) had been settled, there remained in the hands
of the local Hon. Secretary — Mr. W. H. Williams—

Secretary of the said defunct Society, and re-deposit
it in the names of the gentlemen above-mentioned,
thus making a reserved fund of ^^212 lu. 5^/. With
this handsome horticultural nest-egg to its credit in
the bank it may be reasonably assumed that hence-
forth Salisbury, after an interval of eleven years, will
again figure on the list of successful annual if not

Fig. 26.— the scotch pine.

relatively little worth. From its hardihood, cheapness,
and the facility with which it may be obtained from
seed, the Scotch Pine may be recommended as one
of the very best species to be introduced where plan-
tations are being carried out. Our illustration (fig,
26) is from a photograph by Mr. Vernon Heath.

Salisbury Rose Show. — On the 17th inst,

a meeting of the local committee of the National

a balance of ^179 lu. S</., and on the proposition of
Mr. Councillor F. Griffin it was decided to deposit
this sum in one of the City Banks, in the names of
the Mayor, Town Clerk, and Mr. W. H. Williams,
as the nucleus of a fund to be used in resuscitating the
defunct Wiltshire Horticultural Society. With this
object in view it was also decided that Mr.
Samuel Griffin should withdraw from the
same bank the ^33 deposited there in his name as

bi-annual, horticultural exhibitions. Before the
meeting broke up votes of thanks (proposed by the
Mayor, and seconded by Captain Kelsev) were
accorded to the Lord Bishop of Salisbury for his
kindness in granting the palace grounds for the holding
of the show, ttnn which it would be difficult to find a
more suitable place; to the Mayor (T. FuTCHER, Esq.),
not only for presiding at the various committee meet-
ings, but also for his assistance to the local Hon.

114

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 18

Sec, to whom also a well-merited vote of thanks
was given for the energetic and business-like manner
in which he discharged his onerous duties.

The People's Plants.— How often have

we heard those familiar with the market plant
manufacture — for such it really is — express wonder as
to the ultimate destination of the tens of thousands of
plants that are weekly carried into the metropolitan
market. A saunter about the streets of London and
Its most populous suburbs on some few summer
evenings, but specially upon Saturday evenings, would
reveal much that had hitherto been thought inscrut-
able. The plant Cheap Jack is an active agent in
plant disposal. Standing upon his cart, the which is
laden with all kinds of plants in season, a couple
of flaming lamps illuminating the varied colours of
the flowers beneath. Jack, by the vigour of his oral
powers, soon gathers an admiring throng. Fuchsias
just now are favourite window plants, and taking up
a pretty well flowered plant of Mrs. Marshall in a
48-pot, he invites his admirers, in language that is
bold if not choice, to offer him \s. 6d. (or it. He
knows, however, that it is but the price of his own
ambitious fancy, and not a selling one ; so down he
runs the whole gamut of intervening figures till he
seems to think 4,/. a fair one. Perhaps if it be an
exceptionally good plant he hangs fire over 4li/., but
more often he drops down even to 3W. and 3</,, at
which ^ figures he clears off his stock eventually.
Fuchsias, scarlet, zonal, and other Pelargoniums,
yellow Calceolarias, Lobelias, Musks, Creeping
Jennys, and scores of familiar London barrow plants,
all find purchasers presently ; and Jack, late at night,
goes home a little the richer of course, but his method
of business has for its basis the stock maxim, Small
profits and quick returns ; and therefore he grows rich
but slowly, especially if a wet Saturday night inter-
poses, as that means a heavy loss and a wasted
opportunity. Besides Cheap Jack, vendors of plants
almost by thousands may be found on certain evenings
in the chief market thoroughfares of the metropolis
selling things horticultural of the most heterogenous
kind. In this way myriads of poor homes get plants
to help light and cheer them, amidst the gloom of
the London desert.

The Cow Parsnip.— This majestic, though

weedy plant, is now very imposing in the Prince's
Street Gardens, at Edinburgh. We are under the im-
pression, however, that the planting of this, in the case
referred to, has been overdone, and that well arranged
patches at irregular distances apart would certainly
have displayed a greater amount of taste than the
promiscuous method adopted. The gardens on the
whole look extremely well, the numerous beds being
not only planted out with taste but are kept in a neat,
trim style as well.

HUDDERSFIELD ChYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

— One of the horticultural signs of the times is the
remarkable development of Chrysanthemum societies
of late. One has just been founded at Huddersfield,
and the first exhibition will take place on Novem-
ber 14 and 15. There are several classes open to all
England, one for forty-eight blooms, twenty-four
Japanese and twenty-four incurved, the prizes being
£^°, £S< 2nd £2,. It is perhaps to be regretted there
is such a discrepancy between the 1st and 2d prizes,
as it generally happens that the two best collections
come very close together in point of quality.

— - Auricula, Page's Champion.— Inquiries
for this .Vuricula of late reveal the fact that it is be-
lieved only three or four plants exist about the
country, and that it is extremely difficult, if not
impossible, to obtain one. It is said that this
Auricula— so much thought of by some, and so little
esteemed by other good authorities— is actually dying
out from sheer weakness of constitution. If this be
so, there are but few— very few— high-class green
edges to take its place, unless the Rev. Mr. Horner
is enabled to put some of his into commerce. The
sooner this can be done the better.

Injury to Cones.— "W. E. G." sends us

a cone of Abies nobilis with a cup-shaped cavity
large enough to contain a hen's egg scooped out at
the top of the cone. From the appearance of the
cone we suppose that some bird is the delinquent.
The common cross-bill (Loxia curvirostris) frequently
commits great havoc by splitting the cones of Firs ;
but we never saw a cone treated exactly in the same

way as this. Perhaps some of our ornithological
readers will kindly give us their opinion.

Gatehouse Rival Pea. — Last week Mr.

Gilbert sent us from Burghley a dish of Marrowfat
Peas, under the name of Gatehouse Rival, and which
proved of remarkably fine quality. We have no
particulars as to any other characteristics of the
variety, but on the score of flavour it leaves nothing
to be desired.

Destruction of an Oak Tree t.y

Lightning.— Mr. W. R. Harrison, of Maidstone,
has kindly sent us a photograph by Messrs. Field &
Son, of the same town, of an Oak tree which was
struck by lightning on Saturday, July 5, at Mote Park,
the seat of the Dowager Lady Howard de Walden.
The tree is described by the Maidstone Telegraph as
a fine one, of some S feet in girth, and between 40 and
50 feet in height. " It was growing in a slight hollow,
near to the pavilion and the workshops, and though
we have examined many Oaks which have been
struck by lightning we never saw one so totally
wrecked. The trunk was completely broken through
about 4 feet from the roots, and from thence was
divided into two parts, the roots being absolutely
drawn out of the ground. For a circle of about 150
yards in diameter the ground was strewed with
splinters and debris, and one piece of the root was
shivered into hundreds of fibres. Of the thousands of
pieces into which the tree was splintered, several of
large size are still to be seen high up in the neigh-
bouring trees, while one piece, weighing possibly
6 cwt., and 8 feet in length, has been thrown upwards
of So yards, and must have passed over three or four
lofty trees in its flight. Several of these pieces have
also cut off branches from the surrounding trees.
Much of the wood has the appearance of having been
pounded under a Nasmyth hammer, so complete is
the disintegration of the fibres. Whether the flash
was an upward or downward one we are unable
to say, but from the height to which great
masses of timber were evidently thrown, it would
appear that it was one of those cases where the earth
was positively and the clouds negatively charged.
But this is a question for experts in electrical science.
Certainly, the force must have been inconceivably
great, and it is a fortunate thing that it missed the
buildings close at hand."

Mr. Eckford's Sweet Peas. — A charm-
ing bouquet of these has just come to hand from
Bore.atton Park, Baschurch. In the fine soil of that
district the flowers attain to a large size, and are
richly coloured. Whatever may be the different
opinions as to the distinctness of these new varieties,
Mr. EcKFORD must be commended for his persistent
attempts to add to our lists. The leading ones
sent were as follows :— Imperial Blue, rich deep blue,
flushed with purple on the crest — very fine and dis-
tinct ; Purple King, bright plum-purple crest and
bright blue wings — very fine and distinct ; Cardinal,
a fine and striking variety in the way of Invincible,
scarlet, and with a pleasing flush of purple on the
wings ; Queen of the Isles, the crest scarlet, with
white markings and flakes at the sides, the wings
white, flaked with rosy-purple — very pretty and
pleasing ; Princess of Wales, white, dashed and flaked
with bright blue — large and very pretty; and Isa
Eckford, fleshy-pink crest, the wings almost white —
very delicate and pretty, and, in addition to the size
and substance of the flowers, they were richly fragrant.
A bouquet of such pretty flowers is a floral dish fit to
set before a queen.

Kothamsted Experiments.— With regard

to the Rothamsted experimental grass plots it may be
stated that this has been an exceptionally good year for
the growth of leguminous plants, particularly of Lathy-
rus pratensis and Lotus corniculatus. The experimenis
on various leguminous plants in lloosefield have
also showed good results. Plots 6 and 7 (miner.>I
manures alone) never looked more brilliant with the
bright yellow flowers of Lathyrus and Lotus than in
the present year ; and on a strip of the plots to which
ground chalk was applied three years -ago, the growth
of the leguminous species was most remarkable,
and contrasted strongly with plot 8, which h.id
the chalk as plots 0 and 7 ; but without any
potash. The growth of Lathyrus pratensis on
plot 15— previously 550 lb. nitrate of soda, now
mineral manures alone (including potash) — is in-
creasing rabidly. The graminaceous species were

stemmy, and yielded comparatively little undergrowth :
hence the crops were not large, but when the food
supply was in sufficient quantity and in an available
form the quantity of hay harvested generally
exceeded the average. On plot 3, without manure,
the yield of hay was l6.i cwt. per acre, which
is 5r, cwt. less than the average for this plot ; while
the three plots the most highly manured have given
a yield of hay of 54^, 65 J, and 70,', cwt. per acre
respectively; showing 35, SJ, and 7I cwt. per acre
above the average for these plots. The range is thus
16;', cwt. of hay without manure to 70', cwt.
per acre with a liberal supply of plant food.
Dactylis glomerata was more matured at the time of
cutting than for several years past, as was Antho-
xanthum odoratum, this species having generally
shedded its seeds. The season of 1SS4 appears to
have been more favourable for maturation of the
various species in the mixed herbage of grassland
than for luxuriant growth.

Caterpillars on the Oak.— The Oak

caterpillar, lately noticed in these columns as being
so destructive in the Ardennes, and also in the neigh-
bourhood of Namur, in Belgium, is at work much
nearer home, having made its appearance in the
northern extremity of Middlesex ; but not in such
numbers as they were two or three years back, when,
following the northern line from Hatfield up as far as
Barnet, many of the trees might be seen with all
the leaf-stalks adhering as bare as fish-bones that had
been cleanly picked. Here the caterpillars appear to
be hatched on the surface of the ground, as before
the trees were touched the whole surface was covered
thickly with their webs. Loss of leaf to any consider-
able extent, especially in the spring, invariably weakens
the growth for the current season. It would be inter-
esting to know if any diminution takes place in the
annual thickening of the trunks of such trees as are
badly affected, and if so to what extent.

Effects of Insects on Plants. — The

weakening effects which the myriads of fat aphides
have on the plants they prey upon is often, we
think, not fully realised. We see the crumpled, dis-
figured foliage and buds of the Roses and other plants
they infest, and the drain their insatiable appetites
inflicts on such things as Peach trees, when they are
allowed to get ahead, as shown by the curled leaves,
which do not attain their full size, many falling oft'
prematurely; but we do not always realise to the full
the injury they do. Perpetual Roses on which aphides
are allowed to prey on the first growth that is
made in spring, yield comparatively few flowers
on the second crop of shoots. The fruit of
Peaches and Nectarines, on which the insecis are let
to get to a head in spring never attains the size it does
where cleanly cultivation is carried out; nor when
autumn comes is the wood formed during the season
in so likely a condition for yielding a crop the ensuing
summer, being usually weak, with comparatively small,
thin buds. Red-spider and thrips on such plants as they
affect, where suffered to remain unchecked, not only do
much harm that is directly noticeable in the current
season, but equally so afterwards. A case in point
which came under our notice will do something to
confirm this. A good-sized Peach tree, which for
some years has had the greater part of its head trained
on the roof of a building, with the remainder of the
branches against the front, last summer carried
a full crop, but before the fruit began to ripen
the portion of the tree occupying the roof became
badly affected with red-spider before it was noticed,
the leaves on this part, as usual where this diminutive
pest exists, losing much of their colour. The insect
never found its way to the branches below the eave.
When the fruit was ripe there was such a marked
inferiority in the flavour of that borne on the spider-
affected part to that on the portion which was free
from its attacks, that no one not knowing the circum-
stances of the case could have credited that both were
borne by the same tree. This spring the bloom on
the spider-affected head of the tree was weak and
poor compared with that on the lower non-altackcd
branches. The peculiar position of the tree, with one
part of its branches laid close to the hot, dry-tiled
roof, and the lower parts against the wall where there
would be some moisture from the soil, no doubt caused
the insects to keep where the dry conditions they so
much like were most present — -giving an opportunity
fur noting the dift'erent efl'ects resulting from the
presence or absence of the spider not to be
seen in the case of trees of this fruit when wholly

July 26, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

115

trained against walls in the usual way. Success in
gardening is only attainable by an incessant war
against insects, which, like the weeds, are no light
infliction on those who follow the pursuit of the First
Gardener.

Early Apples. — The old-fashioned Kes-
wick Codlin, so long the sheet-anchor of the market
Apple grower for early produce, and which rarely
fails him, appears this season in many parts not to
have been able to bear the pinching spring weather
we had, as the fruits are few and far between. This is
a decided loss, not alone to the grower, but also to
the many who look on Apples — as they deserve to be
— as the best of cooking fruits. The near relative to
this good old sort, Lord Suffield, is not so thin of
fruit, but is far from carrying its usual load — a cir-
cumstance which is not altogether a loss in the case
of this variety, which not unusually suffers pre-
mature decay by over-bearing, unless the wise pre-
caution is taken of clearing half the crop as soon as
it is usable, which relieves the trees, that are after-
wards not so much distressed in bringing the reduced
portion of the crop to a larger size.

Bacteria. — It is a comfort to find that some

Bacteria are not as black as they are painted. Not
long since the seeds of Abrus precatorius (the pretty
scarlet seeds with a black patch at one end used for
beads, and, as it is said, for diamond weights) were
stated to owe their medicinal properties to a bacillus.
Under the name of ** Jecquirity " the seeds have been
used in the cure of inflammatory disease of the eye-
lids, and in India the seeds have been used to poison
cattle. It is now asserted that the poisonous ingre-
dient is a nitrogenous substance like albumen, and
that the bacilli found in the seed have nothing to do
with the poisonous effects of the bean. It may turn
out that the " comma-shaped bacillus " may have
nothing to do with the production of cholera.

The Hampshire Fruit Preserving

Company (Limited) has been formed for the purpose
of carrying on the business of jam manufacturers, pre-
servers of fruit, cSic, in the centre of the extensive
fruit growing district in the south of Hampshire. It
is proposed to establish a factory at Titchfield (where
convenient premises are available), and to furnish the
same with the best modern appliances for pulping
and preserving large quantities of fruit. The pro-
spectus states that *' In the district referred to, which
includes the parishes of TitchBeld, Hook and War-
sash, Salisbury and Swanwick, Burlesdon, Botley,
Wickham, Fareham, Rowner, and Crofton, the
Strawberry crop is one of great importance — about 800
tons of this fruit alone being gathered annually within
a radius of three miles of the centre selected for the pro-
posed factory. As showing the necessity for the
existence of this company, it may be stated that
during the last few seasons the only outlets the
growers have had for their produce have been the
markets in London and other large centres where
accommodation for the disposal of perishable fruit,
and especially Strawberries, has been so inadequate
that frequent gluts have occurred, and to prevent
complete loss the fruit has often been sold at so low
a price as to render the returns, after payment of
carriage and market expenses, wholly unreraunerative.
It has been observed that the jam-makers and fruit
dealers reap an advantage from such gluts, and
obtain as additional profit a portion of the growers'
capital. Consequently meetings have been held from
time to time for the discussion of protective measures,
with the result that the growers have expressed them-
selves strongly in favour of an organisation of this
description, which will render them, to some extent,
independent, by providing a market at their very
doors, saving them the expenses of packing, carriage,
market tolls, and commissions, and removing the
speculative character of the trade under the present
system."

Sydney Botanic Garden. — We under-
stand that Messrs. T. H. P. Dennis & Co., ol
Chelmsford, have been entrusted with the carrying
out of a series of glass-houses for the Botanic Gar-
dens, Sydney, New South Wales, under the super-
intendence of C. Moore, Esq., and to the designs of
Mr. FawivES, managing partner of this firm. The
scheme comprises a complete arrangement of winter
gardens, &c., of Messrs. Dennis & Co.'s patent
wrought-iion construction, and the work, already

sanctioned by Government and now approaching
completion, consists of two ranges of span-houses, all
20 feet in width, one adapted for stove plants and the
other for Orchids. In each case a central tiered stage
is provided, as well as side stages next the glass, the
latter so arranged with slate sides and perforated
slate bases that plunging and propagating operations
may be easily carried on. The houses are provided
with the most recent improvements in ventilators,
which are so disposed that fresh air may be admitted
at pleasure either under or over the plants, or both.
In the former case the air impinging upon the pipes
is heated before it reaches the plants. The same iirm
will also supply the whole of the heating apparatus
for these houses. The apparatus consists of a single
large Dennis' patent horizontal tubular boiler, with
mains, valves, and connections, so arranged that each
part of each house can be heated perfectly separately
and independently.

Astrantia Bieuersteini.— In comparison

with its large extent, the order Umbellifera." furnishes
very few really good garden plants. The subject of
this note, however, is a decided exception, and is
worthy ol ,t place in any collection of ornamental her-
baceous plants. It grows between 2 and 3 feet in
height, and bears very numerous umbels, which are
distinctly tinged with rose or rosy-pink. It is, more-
over, a thoroughly hardy plant, and one which is quite
able to lake care of itself in the mixed border.

Hypericum empetrifoliuih.— The Crow-
berry-leaved St. John's-wort is one of the prettiest of
all the members of a genus which furnishes not a few
first-rate garden plants. It is a small, erect, much
branched, glabrous shrub, about a foot in height, and
makes an excellent pot-plant for window or con-
servatory decoration. In order to preserve the species
from the danger of being lost during severe winters,
it is safer to winter a pot of cuttings in a cool frame.
It is a native of Greece, and was introduced to this
country nearly a century ago by Messrs. Lee, of
Hammersmith. A good figure of this pretty little
shrub appeared in one ol the most recent numbers of
the Botanical Magazine, t. 6764.

The Weather.— General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 21, 18S4, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. ;
— The weather has continued in a cloudy, unsettled,
and showery condition in all parts of the kingdom.
Some thunderstorms were experienced in different
parts of England between the 17th and 19th. The
temperature has been below the mean in all districts,
the deficit ranging from 1° to 3°. The maxima,
which were registered on different days in the
various districts, did not exceed 75° at any station.
The minima were generally recorded either on
the 20th or 21st; in "Scotland, N.," the thermo-
meter fell to 35", in " England, N.W.," to 39°, and
in most other districts to between 40" and 46°. In
the " Channel Islands " temperature did not fall below
55°. The rainfall has been rather more than
the mean in "Scotland, E.," "England, E.,"
"England, S.W.," and the "Channel Islands,"
and about equal to it in "Scotland, N., " but
ess than its nominal value elsewhere. Bright
sunshine has varied from 25 per cent, of the
possible duration in the "Channel Islands," and 26
per cent, in "Scotland, N.," to 40 per cent, in
"Scotland, W.," and 43 per cent, in "England,
N.W." Depressions observed :— The barometer has
been comparatively high and uniform over the greater
part of France, while depressions — some of which
have been rather extensive — have continued to travel
in a northerly or north-easterly direction outside
our western and north-western coasts. In addi-
tion to those, however, a few subsidiary dis-
turbances have passed across our islands from the
westward. Moderate to strong southerly winds were
general over the United Kingdom during the earlier
part of the period, moderate westerly to north-westerly
breezes on the iSth and 19th, and variable winds
during the 20th and 21st.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. W. II.

Bole, lately Foreman at Sherwood Park, Tunbridge
Wells, as Gardener at Byfleet Lodge, Weybridge,
Surrey. — Mr. E. Leaney, late Foreman at The Gar-
dens, Ashurst Park, as Gardener to Thomas
Christy, Esq., Malvern House, Sydenham, S.E,

BEDDING VIOLAS.

Destite the dry weather which prevailed during
spring and early summer, many a patch of garden
ground looked gay by reason of pretty patches of
free-flowering Violas, owing to their dwarf tufted
growth having kept the soil about them cool and
pleasant to the roots. Beds of Pansies held on with
surprising vitality and vigour in soils that were deeply
penetrated by their roots. And the Pansy is, and
ever will be, a popular flower, while its congener, the
greatly improved Viola, takes deservedly high rank
amongst bedding plants, occupying a foremost place
in gardens, and most appropriately so, for we now
possess almost innumerable shades of colour, many
of them displaying tints such as are scarcely met
with in any other bedding plant. Then they give so
little trouble, for cuttings, planted on a shady cool
border during July and August give plenty of strong
rooted plants for planting oat in the autumn for the
spring display. The soil in which they are planted
should not be too rich, and in exposed situations
fully open to the sun it is well to give them a sur-
facing of light dry decomposed manure or leaf-soil to
protect the plants in trying weather. This mulching
is equally useful in summer and winter. All the
early blooming varieties commence flowering in
March, and continue in bloom a longtime; in the
cooler northern and midland districts they bloom
freely until quite late in the summer. Even in the
south some of the newer varieties are found to resist
mildew remarkably well, because of vigorous and
tough constitutions. In the hotter and drier dis-
tricts of the south and west Violas can be used
with excellent effect among Pelargoniuns, Calceo-
larias, and other plants, the shade thus afforded
to the roots greatly assisting the durability of these
Violas. Those who have not yet tested the effect of
Violas with other plants may safely do so, and will
find much satisfaction in the results, Beds of mixed
Violas are lovely objects, and in order to secure a rich
spring display the plants should be put out in October
or November, if possible, or even earlier. When
planted late in spring a good head of bloom seldom
results.

A very large number of new varieties are sent out
annually, and it is impossible to grow all ; at a
rough guess there are from 200 to 300 varieties, and,
it must be stated, a great many of these are compara-
tively worthless, and have to be rejected. Those who
in late years, and are now working for the raising of
new varieties adapted for bedding purposes, have
laboured with no small degree of success to obtain
decided clear colours in the flowers ; a free blooming
and compact sturdy habit of growth, self-coloured
flowers as far as possible, free from any dark blotch
or markings, and thoroughly distinct from others
already sent out. In Countess of Hopetoun, Queen
of Spring, Queen of Purples, True Blue, Duchess of
Sutherland, and Mrs. Dr. Hornby, or Countess of
Kintore, are to be found six varieties of surprising
quality, all distinct in colour, and all blooming at one
time.

The following list of varieties contain many of the
best and most useful among the Violas, and in order
to assist purchasers they are arranged in colours. We
commence with the white-flowered varieties : — Mrs.
Gray, a most useful variety, pure white in colour, but
with a tendency to discolour in hot and dry weather,
many of the flowers becoming tinged and striped with
pale blue. It is of free habit, an early and con-
tinuous bloomer, very fragrant, and, excepting the
tendency to discolour, the purest white Viola grown.
Jeffreyanum is a compact growing white Viola with a
few trifling bars of blue in the centre, habit good, an
early and continuous bloomer, but not pure white.
Mont Blanc is smaller in size than Jeffreyanum, but
otherwise resembles it.^Lady Polwarth is a good useful
white, free from markings, of excellent habit, an early
and continuous bloomer, and a most useful variety.
Pilrig Park is a very showy free-blooming kind, of
compact habit, flowers large, with bars of violet in the
centre, but in hot weather the plants frequently perish
as if wanting in persistency of habit. Countess of
Hopetoun is a very superior Viola, flrst-class in every
respect, and stands A i amongst whites. It is of
compact habit, sturdy in growth, early, very free and
continuous in bloom, of a clear white celour, and
one that should be widely grown.

The leading purple-flowered varieties are as follows :
— Cliveden Purple compacta, a seedling from the old
favourite Cliveden Purple, but of a closer and more

Ii6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

(July 26, 1884.

robust habit, larger flowers, a wonderfully free bloomer,
and a telling variety for its rich colour and masses of
flower. Next comes Crimson Gem. This name is
somewhat of a misnomer, as it is of a purple hue, with
a brighter shade in it. It is a pretty variety, and in
the absence of better varieties will be welcomed. Le
Grand is a large-flowered pale purple variety of infe-
rior quality, but a profuse bloomer, is early and con-
tinuous, and of a compact and sturdy habit. Queen
of Purples stands A I amongst purples ; it is an
excellent variety, of dwarf and compact habit, and a
wonderfully free bloomer, not so deep in colour as
Cliveden Purple corapacta, but a rich coloured and
very telling kind, an early and continuous bloomer.
Queen of Violets is smaller in the flower and deeper
in colour than Queen of Purples, but good in every
respect. Triton is a variety superseded by Queen of
Violets. Mrs. Charles Turner is a variety of a very
dwarf compact habit, a profuse bloomer, early and
continuous. The colour is of a rich blue-purple ; it is
quite distinct in every way, and a useful and beautiful
variety. Paragon is an extra fine variety, of a dark
purplish colour. Teviotdale bears a resemblance to
Crimson Gem, but has more of purple in the colour.
Pantaloon is shaded crimson and violet.

The lilac-coloured varieties form a very pretty
group, and comprehend some very pretty types, such
as Elegans, pale lavender lilac, exceedingly pretty,
and very striking in a mass ; an early and continuous
bloomer. This variety is a strong grower and soon
fills a bed. Duchess of Sutherland is first-class in
every respect, and should be in every collection ; colour
bright lilac, a very pleasing shade, compact habit,
very free blooming, early and continuous. Fairy
Queen is of a similar habit to the Duchess, but of a
lighter shade of colour, and is an excellent variety.
Queen of Lilacs is an immense bloomer, lower petals
blue-lilac, top petals darker, good habit and constitu-
tion, stands dry weather well, a very early and con-
tinuous bloomer, and most effective in a mass.

There are a few excellent yellow Violas. Fore-
most we place Queen of Spring, as it is one of the
best bedding Violas known ; it is of a clear light
yellow colour, and almost without any bars in the
centre of the flower. It is early blooming and con-
tinuous, and flowers profusely. Golden Queen of
Spring is deeper in colour than the foregoing, and of
a closer and more compact habit, a great bloomer
and a first-rate variety. Yellow Dwarf is a remark-
able variety, and a good companion plant for the blue
Lobelia ; very dwarf and compact in habit, and most
floriferous, early and late ; colour, clear bright yellow,
without any marking whatever. Ardwell Gem is a
first-rate primrose-yellow variety, of excellent compact
habit, early, very free, a continuous bloomer, and
a decided acquisition. Brilliant is a deep yellow
variety, with a small blotch in the centre, and the
flowers somewhat irregularly formed, but of good
habit ; early, a free bloomer, and a telUing yellow.

Of blue Violas there are many. That Blue Bell
will be grown in almost every garden for years to
come is a statement that may be safely hazarded ; but
Blue Bell, popular as it is, is deficient in some requi-
sites, and we name the four following varieties as
coming nearest to our ideal bedding Viola : — True
Blue (Dean's), in every respect a first-class variety, of
sturdy, close habit, an immense bloomer, very
early and continuous. It should be in every gar-
den, for it is a most valuable blue-flowered
variety. Archie Grant is really a bedding Pansy,
but of excellent habit, and the colour a rich
blue-violet. It is a first-class variety, and when
well known will be certain to become a great
favourite. Holyrood is a well-known blue-violet
coloured variety, with a bronzy centre. It is a very
free-blooming summer variety, and a great favourite,
but does not flower early. Lord Darnley is a very
fine and free summer bloomer, a seedling from Holy-
rood, but very much deeper in colour, which is of a
rich blue velvety-violet, and, being very free, makes
an excellent mass : it is in every respect a very fine
variety.

There is a very interesting section of tipped or
fancy Violas, a few of which are extremely pretty and
effective. A selection of the best varieties gives
Countess of Kintore, pale greyish-purple, with large
white blotches, a handsome and very showy kind,
and an earlier and continuous bloomer ; a most attrac-
tive decorative variety. Mrs. Dr. Hornby, similar
in colour, marking, and habit to the foregoing, but
the blotches are not so white ; it is an admirable
decorative variety, of close, compact habit, and will

be a great favourite. Duchess of Albany has pale lilac-
purple flowers, with large greyish-white blotches,
of fine form, and a first-rate variety ; quite new.
Columbine is white, margined with lilac ; very pretty
and distinct. Mrs. J. Cowan is of a rich purple
colour, with white blotches on each top petal, very
fine form, a new and extra fine variety. Harlequin,
has small flowers of exquisite form, the lower petals
rich rosy-purple blotched with white, the top petals
are wholly white ; a very distinct and charming
variety. Novelty, rosy-purple with white upper
petals, fine and pleasing.

There is another class of bedding Violas which
may appropriately come under the head of miscel-
laneous; they are Bronze Queen, a variety which does
not come under either of the classes previously
mentioned ; the colour is novel and quite distinct,
being of a rich bronzy-reddish-brown colour, and
very telling. It is not a very early bloomer, but is a
decided acquisition. Skylark is a white variety with a
margin of pale blue, pretty and distinct, but wonder-
fully like an old Pansy of forty years ago.

The foregoing make a selection out of a large and
thoroughly representative collection. They comprise
all the best of the English and Scotch raised varieties.
In only one instance is the raiser's name given, and
that to distinguish itfrom another variety with thesame
designation. We have thought it best to withhold
the raisers' names, as the foregoing estimate is alto-
gether without prejudice. It is time that Mr. Barron
got together, at Chiswick, a collection inclusive of the
new varieties of the past two or three years. They
are many, and we believe they will bear comparison
with the older varieties. Let us hope that raisers will
take the initiative, and send collections to Chiswick
in the autumn, so that next spring may witness a
thoroughly complete, and we hope successful,
trial. Viola.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS AT

SWANLEY.

During the present exceptionally dry season gar-
deners round London, and southwards thereof, hear of
the copious drenchings that have fallen in some of the
western and northern counties, but look in vain for
the rain which cometh not, in more than showers
sufticient to lay the dust for an hour or two, after
which it again blows about, leaving little trace of the
sprinkling. To fully realise the over-dried condition
of the soil, it is necessary to remember that last
autumn's rainfall was unusually light, followed by a
winter without snow, and in this part of the kingdom
comparatively rainless, there not being enough to
raise the brooks more than once or twice (and this
only little). This was followed by a dry spring, to be
only remembered for its cold easterly winds, which
helped to reduce the already small amount of moisture
in the land, the natural result of which is, that beyond
the limited number of things that can be helped by
watering, there is unusually little top-growth, espe-
cially in the case of such things as hardy herbaceous
flowering plants, about which the season is not with-
out its teachings, showing that where the land is of
good quality and well cultivated, although the growth
is short and dwarf almost beyond precedent, the
stems of most things that usually attain some height
before they show flower, this summer bloom from the
ground upwards, yet the flowering disposition is not
lessened.

One difference traceable to the season is that most
plants are having a shorter time of blooming than
usual, and the flowers of some have more than the
ordinary amount of colour in them. This is particu-
larly noticeable in Messrs. Cannell's nursery at Swan-
ley, where the porous subsoil has helped the dry
weather to show what plants stand the dry summers
best. Amongst them may be named the following,
which were in fine bloom at the middle of this
month : — Campanula urticifolia alba flore-pleno, one
of the finest of the double kinds ; C. celtidifoHa, with
dense tufted heads of deep bluish-purple flowers ; the
white C. turbinata alba ; C. persicifolia alba, C. per-
sicifolia alba flore-plena ; C. persicifolia coronata
plena; C. alliari::efolia alba pleno, C. Van Houttei,
bright bluish lilac ; C. Balfouriana, a very dwarf
growing deep blue flowered variety, a cross between
C. turbinata and C. pulla ; the curious looking Digi-
talis ferruginea, with its densely clothed spikes of
small flowers, brownish yellow, profusely netted with
dull crimson ; D. lanata, creamy white, netted with
brown-red ; the deep yellow Coreopsis lanceolata, the

singular starry-petalled, white Michauxia campanu-
loides ; CEnothera Pilgrimii, a yellow flowered kind
that forms tufted heads of bloom, of close compact
habit of growth ; Gi. Fraseri, another close compact-
growing yellow flowered kind, the petals broad — one of
the best of thegenus ; the fine white flowered CE. speciosa
G£. taraxacifolia, the large pale blush flowers of which
are beautiful ; Myosotis Imperatrice Elizabeth, dark
blue, a supposed hybrid between M. sylvestris and
M. azorica, keeps on flowering when others are done ;
the white flowered Malva moschata alba, M. Kelleri,
creamy- white ; Geranium platypetalum. Lychnis
Haageana, in its difTercnt colours from white through
pink and red.

Amongst Potentillas, P. Eldorado, yellow and pale
vermilion ; P. Belzebuth, deep maroon ; P. Louis
Van Houtte, deep crimson ; Spiraea Ulmaria variegala
is well worth growing for its variegated foliage alone,
independent of the flowers ; Rose Campion atro-
sanguinea flore-plena, Achillea Millefolium var. rosea,
Erythreea diffusa, a beautiful little alpine, flowers the
colour of the common English Centaurea calcitrapa ;
Polygonum Brunonis, Commelina coslestis, the flowers
of which are amongst the most beautiful of blue
shades ; the Iceland Poppy, Papaver nudicaule, in
the three different colours of while, yellow, and yellow
flushed with red ; the rare Dianthus Atkinsoni, the
flowers of which are a glowing crimson, with others,
remarkable amongst which was D. Napoleon III., a
rich crimson ; Polemonium Richardsoni, a pretty
pale lavender-blue ; Erodium manescavi, rosy-purple,
nearly always in flower ; the dark blue Gentiana
cruciata, one of the most distinct of this fine family ;
Iberis gibraltarica, Lathyrus latifolius albus, the white
form of Everlasting Pea, a plant not near so much grown
as it deserves to be — the profusion of beautiful flowers
which it produces for a long time in the season rank
it amongst the best of hardy flowers for using in a cut
state ; L. latifolius splendens, a deep rose-purple
coloured variety of the old well-known Everlasting
Pea — a much finer variety ; the deep yellow Hele-
nium pumilum ; Epilobium Dodonoei, purplish-pink ;
Coronilla varia, pale rose and while Pea-shaped
flowers ; Platycodon grandiflorum, one of the finest
of deep blue campanulate flowers ; P. grandiflorum
album, white, slightly shaded with blue ; Androsace
lanuginosa, a little gem, with woolly leaves and com-
pact heads of rose-coloured flowers ; the Daisy-like
Erigeron mucronatum, E. aurantiacum, deep reddish-
orange.

Pentstemons seem to have stood the dry soil and
dry condition of the air well. There has been a com-
plete revolution of late years in these plants, the
flowers of which are now almost as big as those of
small Gloxinias ; some of the new ones measure quite
2 inches across the mouth of the tube. Amongst the
tinest are Charles Darwin, red, with prominent white
throat and purple markings ; Sculpteur Classinger,
pale red, prominent white throat extending over the
greater portion of the limb segments ; Gil Bias, purple,
with white centre and brown markings, immense
flowers ; Mrs. Weaver, red, throat white, reddish-
crimson markings ; Mrs. L. Dow, crimson, with
prominent pure while throat ; Atlantides, purple,
throat white ; Parlement, carmine, white throat,
another very big flower. These are all magnificent
kinds.

Phloxes. — The great advantage which young plants
possess over old ones in the production of fine flowers
is more apparent this season than often. The following
is a small selection of the best :— Auguste Riviere,
salmon-red, with crimson eye ; George Sand, pure
white, a dwarf grower ; The Queen, a dwarf grow-
ing variety, the best of all the whites ; Comte
Lambertye, very deep crimson ; De Lesseps, rosy-
mauve, with crimson eye, an immense flower ; Victor
Hugo, vivid scarlet, crimson eye (I understand there
is a greater demand for this variety than for any Phlox
grown) ; Virgo Marie, white, rose-pink eye, a fine
kind in every way ; Telephone, bright crimson ; T,
S. Ware, pale rosy-lilac, with white eye ; Countess
of Galway, white, flushed with pink ; Congo, pure
white, lilac centre ; Madame de St. Pulgent, rosy-
pink, with crimson eye ; the above twelve may be
relied on as the cream of the varieties in bloom,
other fine sorts are not yet out.

Antirrhinums rank amongst the best of the hardy
flowers for dry summers, the large beds of them at
Swanley, in every imaginable shade and colour, are a
complete mass of bloom, the only effect which the dry
weather seems to have had on them is to pack the
flowers mote densely on the spikes.

July 26, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

117

Violas. — The immense breadth of these and
Pansies, show and bedding varieties, are a mass of
bloom, but, as might be supposed, the drought has
caused their flowers to come much smaller than usual,
in common with quantities of other things.

Dahlias, single and double, occupy a large space of
ground. The plants are immensely strong, and
promise to bloom finely.

There is a plentiful supply of water, derived from an
immense lank on the high ground to the south of the
nursery, which gives pressure that sends it all over
the place through the pipes laid for the purpose ;
still the work in such a season as this is something
enormous, although necessarily confined to a limited
number of things. As an instance, the stock of
Chrysanthemums now require three men and a boy
to attend to them : many of the early blooming kinds
were [in full flower — the early and late varieties of
these plants now virtually keeping up a succession for
the greater portion of the year. The bracing air and
open situation have had the effect of keeping the
stock collectively much freer from aphides than in
many places. Even Roses, of which some 30,000
standards are grown, appear to be as free from fly as
if the intolerable pest were non-existent. T, B.

animal to whom the varied contents of a choice
flower-garden are a comestible delicacy should be
proof against this particular plant is not to be won-
drred at, but why the plant should be so powerfully
toxic as regards other ruminants is a matter for
surprise. T. H. Hustwick, in tJu ** Pharmaccuticai
yournal and Transactions,^^

NOTE ON TU-TU (CORIARIA
RUSCIFOLIA).

The "Tu-tu" plant (pronounced "Toot," the
final vowel in many Maori words being only an
aspirate, or lip sound, is dropped by Europeans) is
indigenous to New Zealand. It grows luxuriantly
where situation is favourable, and prefers an exposed
site on rising groun(?j with a dry friable soil. Its
average height, when mature, may be taken at about
5 feet, of a shrubby herbaceous character, and with its
spreading branches covering a considerable extent of
surface. Surrounded by sombre Ferns and withered
grasses, the effect of its glossy dark green foliage is
very striking.

Tu-tu, though commonly spoken of as a poison, is
such only under certain conditions, and even not then
to all animals — the horse, goat, and pig being said to
be entirely proof against it under all circumstances ;
while, conditions being favourable, cattle and sheep
often fall victims to it. The season of its greatest
activity is in spring ; then the wide-spreading roots
throw up numerous tender succulent shoots, which
are eaten with avidity by sheep fresh from the hills,
where dry grasses and Ferns have been the rule.
Cattle browse on the young leaves, and when coming
to them Iresh from other pastures, or exhausted by
labour or travel, nearly always with fatal effects. It
is said that later in the year the poisonous property is
greatly diminished — that even when most virulent its
effects are much ameliorated by a previously full
stomach, and that the system can become accustomed
to it by gradual use.

Animals suffering from the effects of this plant are
said to be "tooted." Its principal action seems to
be on the brain and nervous centres, and produces a
condition similar to "staggers." The animal be-
comes stupid and lethargic until roused into a fit of
mad frenzy by any trivial circumstance, during which
it is dangerous for man or beast to be in the way, the
frenzy recurring at rapidly decreasing intervals, until
death results in a few hours from sheer exhaustion.
The only remedy that appears to be used is bleeding
from the jugular vein, and that with very poor suc-
cess, not one in ten being benefited, while the exceed-
ing danger attending its use causes it to be practised
only under exceptional circumstances.

I am not aware what is the effect of the green herb
on man, but singularly enough the "berries," when
ripe, are grateful and refreshing to the thirsty palate,
care being taken to reject the seeds. A common
method of utilising the fruit is by tying a few bunches
in a handkerchief and sucking the juice through it.
Small birds are very partial to the ripe fruit, and no
injurious effect on them is apparent ; most probably
the seeds are voided by them entire.

In the early days of the colony, when bullock
labour was universal, whole teams were sometimes
destroyed or disabled in a single night by this per-
nicious plant, rendering great care necessary in the
choice of a camping place. The immunity enjoyed
by the goat in respect of this plant was some years
ago made use of on the Flaxbourne sheep run, a large
number of these animals being procured for the espe-
cial purpose of securing its eradication. That an

J40]V1E -pORRESPOJMDEJVCE.

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.—
Will you kindly allow me to notify through your
columns that the annual simultaneous collection in
aid of the pension augmentation fund of this Institu-
tion will take place on Monday, the 2Sth inst. Col-
lecting cards have been issued to every gardener
whose name is to be found in the Horticultural
Directories, but if any gardener who may be disposed
to assist the committee, but who has not received a
card, will apply to me I will send him one by return

Fig. 27. — surERTUBERATioN : 8HK 1'. loi. (What we may
expect if a wet season supervene.)

of post. It has been determined by the committee
that the collection shall cease on the 30th November
next. An appeal from the committee to all the
nurserymen and seedsmen, &c., throughout the United
Kingdom has also been made. The committee
earnestly hope that the gardeners of England will
cheerfully respond to their endeavours to raise the
amount of the pensions of the Society. Edw. W^
Cutler^ 14, Tavistock Row^ Covent Garden, W.C.

Cranberries, — I would gladly learn at what times
of the year the importations of this fruit into England
take place. I presume they do not occur simul-
taneously from Russia, Sweden, and America, and I
have searched the price lists in your journal unsuc-
cessfully without finding a price quoted in Covent
Garden Market. I presume they come into the
hands of the retailers through some other channel
than Covent Garden. I find in Loudon {Arboretum,
vol. ii., p. 1170) : — "Sir Joseph Banks was the first
person who cultivated the American Cranberry in
England for its fruit." I had always before supposed
that the subject of his culture was the European
plant (Oxycoccus palustris). Sir Joseph Hooker, in
the Students' Flora of the British Islands, gives

August as the month of the flowering of O. palustris ;
the older authors (Sowerby, 1790, and others later)
give June and July. Diss.

Potato Disease, — In average seasons, according
to my notes, the Potato disease is distinctly present
by July 20, in early ones in June and even May ; we
have now passed July 20, and we have had no disease.
I have kept a daily outlook for the fungus for the last
two months, and with the exception of four or five
leaves no Peronospora has been forthcoming. A
careful search in South Essex and North Kent has
produced one leaf only which has shown the Pero-
nospora. On Saturday last I visited Mr. Laxton's
garden at Girtford, where the fungus showed its readi-
ness to start a month ago ; but it had been kept back
solely by the continued dry hot weather. There is
no Peronospora in an active state in that garden now ;
I could see none at Sandy, none at Sutton, none at
Biggleswade. On inquiring of the men at work in
the fields the general answer was " It has not come
yet," and everything seems at present to point to a
sound and abundant Potato harvest. The later
varieties may, of course, yet be assailed by the para-
site. I have shown that Mr, Jensen's theory of early
and late seasons breaks down at the beginning of his
short series ; it is now evident that it breaks down at
the end. It also breaks down at 1S77, which is given
by Mr. Plowright as a late year, whilst it really was
an early one ; the disease was in a bad form at Chis-
wick in the beginning of July, 1877, and Mr. Barron
sent badly diseased examples to the Scientific Com-
mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society on July 4 ;
see two letters in the Gardeners' Chronicle, July 7,
1877, p. iS. I shall send a further report next week,
as we now have the exact meteorological conditions
upon us which suit the development of the fungus,
W, G. Smith.

Peach Alexander.— I can fully indorse all that
Mr. Thirlby (p. %^) says in favour of this early Peach,
which I got and planted through the notice given of
it by Mr. Rivers, as it is not only more precocious in
ripening than Beatrice, Louise, and Early Rivers, but
it is better in colour, size, and flavour than either of
the trees just named. With us neither of these are
ripe yet, and will not be for a week at least from this
date (July 21), while we gathered from the Alexander
on the 13th, when I was quite pleased with the fruit,
which was large, rosy, and good. I saw a fine dish
of Hale's Early — or rather what would have been a
fine dish, had they been ripe — at the Ipswich show,
and from my remembrance of them they looked very
like the Alexander in shape and colour, and, I think,
are one and the same kind. Perhaps some one who
has grown the two will tell us if they are so, or in
what particulars they differ. The Alexander, or Hale's
Early, whichever it is, is certainly a very valuable
variety, and all we want now is a Nectarine equal to
Lord Napier that will come in at the same time as
the Peach. J. Sheppard.

The Proposed Chiswrick Conference. — In sug-
gesting a Conference of gardeners, or indeed, of horti-
culturists generally, at Chiswick during the coming
autumn, the great thing to decide upon is what shall
be the special object of the gathering ; for unless some
clear and well defined subjects for consideration are
agreed upon and properly submitted to the gathering,
the results may prove barren. The Apple Congress,
so-called (though as far as the particular fruit which
formed its chief element, it was eminently a success),
has yet proved singularly barren in results, simply be-
cause all the labours of the Apple experts, so great
and so meritorious, have to the general public practi-
cally been wasted. Is it desirable to inaugurate a
similar fiasco ? Looked at from the ordinary view the
Apple Congress was rather a congress of Apples than
of Apple growers, because it is the common product of
congresses that the papers read and speeches made
are published. The labours of the Apple Congressmen
have not seen the light, and it seems never will. [We
hope our correspondent is mistaken as to this. Ed.].
Efforts were made to induce the Council to publish
the Congress reports, prepared at a great expenditure
of labour and research, but the Council sat upon it, at
once. There is a wet blanket element in the Council
that would kill any suggestion, if it had its way, and
it does seem as if it does get its way pretty often. Now,
if a second Conference be summoned at Chiswick, what
conditions will be agreed upon by the promoters with
the Royal Horticultural Society? Will the latter have
full and entire control over its proceedings and
finances, and, not least, will it be permitted to make
its literary proceedings public in any way it may think
fit ? It is true that the most entire freedom was
accorded to the gardening Press in gathering what-

118

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 18S4.

soever information it could respecting the Apples at
the Congress of last year, but beyond that nothing
more has been made known. Will the promoters or
committee be permitted to appoint their own reporters,
or give the fullest freedom to the Press to report all
its proceedings, whether literary or technical, or what
other course will be followed ? These are matters
that need thinking out and satisfactorily arranging ere
the proposed Congress becomes a reality. Of course
it is apparent enough to all outside the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Council — possibly it may be to some
in that body — that the very raison iCttre of the Society's
existence is that it should be the active promoter and
centre of all such proposals as this is — that, in fact, it
should be the rallying point of all onward horticultural
movements. The Council is a kid-glove body, a bevy
of amiable gentlemen and general horticulturists, each
one perchance devoted to his little garden hobby, but
as a body it is entirely devoid of public spirit and of
that energy which is found in bold, active workers.
Even now that the Thames is so dry there is the very
least probability that the Council collectively will
ever set it on fire ; in fact it may be pertinently asked
whether its existence is useful to horticulture in any
shape or form. As to the chief topic for discussion at
a Congress, Grape culture may prove interesting,
but , as compared with Apples, Grapes of
sorts are relatively so few that little can be
learned from an exhibition of them in the way
of nomenclature. Probably few fruits are better
known by growers, and with respect to general
features there is of Grapes little to learn. Something
new might be put forth with respect to culture, but of
all the topics that have been threshed out ad nauseam
in the gardening papers from time to time none can
approach Grape culture, and yet it remains a fact that,
in spite of yards upon yards of contention for years
past over seemingly trivial points, hardly half-a-
dozen growers are unanimous about them now.
After all the columns of the gardening papers prove
to be the best horticultural congress, but they lack one
element — that of sociality — such as results from the
bringing into actual contact of a large body of
persons. If topics of genuine usefulness were needed
few could be found of more interest than such as
** Hardy fruit culture in relation to public require-
ments," for the successful production of crops of some
kinds of fruit is with us just now one of the problems
of the day. A few years ago a discussion on the best
means of combating the Phylloxera would have been
an exciting topic, but the Phylloxera seems to have
become }ion cst^ Almost as much might be said of
our once greatest fungoid pest — the Potato disease,
but with such a dry season as the present and
Potatos ruinously abundant as they were last year,
any discussion on those topics seems needless. The
profitable production of fruit for public consumption
seems just now to be the most interesting and prac-
tical subject for the consideration of a congress of
gardeners. Horticulturist,

The Queen's Park, Glasgow. — A couple of
hours in the <2ueen's Park at Glasgow was, I think,
well spent time. The grounds around the fountain
are especially attractive, some of the beds containing
not only a beautiful but very choice collection of
plants. Here may be seen at a glance such plants,
shrubs, and trees as thrive in the smoky atmosphere
of a town garden or park. Amongst these I noted
particularly fine specimens, and certainly an unusually
large collection of Thorns, all in the most robust
health, and which, I was told, are, during "May
days," quite a treat. Hollies do well, as also Maples
of sorts, notably the variegated forms, the Service
Tree, and a host of others. With a bed of Heaths
near the University I was rather astonished, for-
getting, as I then did, that although a native of the
wild mountain sides, and where the purest of airs at
all times abound, this plant condescends to grow
and even flourish in the smoky atmosphere of a Glas-
gow garden. \\\

Melons and Grapes at Longford Castle. —
These at the present time are worth going a journey
to see. In a small span-roofed house in three divi-
sions, two of which are devoted to Melon culture and
one to Cucumbers, the first division contains the finest
crop of Melons it has been my fortune to look upon,
the little house, 18 feet long, containing forty-two
full-sized fruit, perfect in shape, many beautifully
netted, and most of them carrying that beautiful
orange colour in the skin which generally denotes
their having been grown under the influence of strong
light, and that the details of culture have been
properly carried out. It is indeed a remarkable
thing to see so many fruit so near maturity at
one time ; but there is no disadvantage felt here,
as there are others to quickly follow them. On
opening the door the perfume which meets one is
delicious. The varieties in this house are Hero of
Lockinge, I'.astnor Castle, Longford Hybrid, Hero of
Bath, and a hybrid, the result of a cross between
Hero of Bath and Longford Hybrid. In the later
house the second crop from fresh plants looks

equally promising, as they are now swelling a
fine lot of fruit, among which are the following
varieties : — Cox's Golden Gem, Dickson's Exquisite,
High Cross Hybrid, Blenheim Orange, Captain
Lock, and Longford Hybrid. In the long range of
vineries the Grapes are looking well, and quite up to
the usual standard of excellence ; they are in four
divisions, and are devoted to early, mid-season, and
late Grapes. In the early house, which mainly con-
sists of Black Hamburgh, which carry all the points of
first-class Grapes, there may be seen a first-rate
example of the Strawberry Grape, carrying a load of
small bunches some four to a lateral, and these form a
pretty contrast to their more lusty companions, when
it is considered that the bunch of the Strawberry
Grape does not weigh more in ounces than some of
their companions weigh in pounds. The Muscats are
also looking admirable — a very even lot of bunches,
weighing from 2 to 4 lb. ; and a more even set, or, in
other words, more regular size of berry, could not be
seen. Of the late kinds it is too soon to speak as to
their finish, but their promise is all that could be
desired. Mr. Ward is certainly to be congratulated
on his success. C Warden.

Royal Horticultural : July 22.

Scientific Committee.— Sir J. D. Hooker,
K.C.S.I., in the chair. Present: Messrs. Pascoe,
MacLachlan, Wilson, Houston, Ridley, Murray,
Bennett, Lynch, Grote, Drs. Lowe, Foster, Masters,
and Rev. G. Henslow.

Dried RJmharb. — The Secretary reported that this
had been tried, but found insipid and valueless,

Abies Ahrdinanniana, — Specimens of this injured
by a species of Lachnus were exhibited. Syringing
with petroleum emulsion, applied with a fire-engine,
was suggested as the only means likely to be successful
in combating the insect.

Sarracenia flava^ ^c, — Mr. G. F. Wilson showed
a fine pitcher of this species grown out-of-doors near
Weybridge ; also flowers of Begonia diversifolia and
Meconopsis Wallichii.

Fusion of Roots. — Dr. Masters showed a photo-
graph of an extraordinary fusion of roots of Pinus
Pinaster observed in Portugal by Professor Henriquez.

Orchis pyramidalis. — Mr. Ridley reported that the
flower submitted to him at the last meeting was
Orchis pyramidalis var. cylindrica, a native of Greece.

AQapanthits. — Mr. Murray called attention to a
number of these plants (some 200) growing in a
garden near Calais, all of which had fasciated
inflorescence.

Allots from Cedar. — Mr. Lynch showed a series of
knots from the trunk of an old Cedar of Lebanon.

Antij^onon Icptopiis. — Mr. Lynch showed a flower-
ing spray of this plant, some of the pedicels of which
were developed as tendrils, and attaching themselves
to a branch.

Potato Disease. — Mr. Plowright sent the following
communication : — "The manner in which the disease
spreads from the foliage to the tubers has in this
country until recently been considered to be by the
mycelium extending itself downwards inside the stem
and along its subterranean ramification to the tubers.
De Bary has, however, long ago pointed out that
this is not the case. It seemed to me desirable to
demonstrate, if possible, that the extension down-
wards inside the stem of the Peronospora mycelium
is a myth. It must not be imagined that botanists
dispute De Bary's facts, but the view hitherto current
in this country has arisen rather from a misapprehen-
sion of them. A healthy Potato plant was grown in
a large flower-pot expressly for this experiment by
Mr. S. Castle, of West Lynn. On July 5 I removed
the lower leaves from each of the three stems, and
carefully enveloped the lower part of each stem in
cotton-wool. The wool was tied round each stem
with raffia, so that about 5 inches was protected from
the surface of the ground upwards. A quantity of
spore-charged water was then poured upon the foliage
and upon the surface of the earth in the pot. The
plant was watched from time to time in the ordinary
manner. In the course of four days (on July 9) the
fungus developed itself on the foliage and stems above
the protecting cotton-wool. It gradually extended
itself until the leavesand stems were entirely destroyed,
On July 19 the plant was taken up. Four tubers
were found — one diseased and three healthy. The
diseased tuber remained attached to the skin. The
diseased parts of it were those farthest away from its
attachment. So that, in this instance at any rate, the
disease was not transmitted to it by the stem. The
lower portions of the stems which were enveloped in
cotton-wool were found to be free from disease. Here
is an instance in which (l) the tops have been
destroyed by the disease, (2) the tubers are diseased,
(3) the intervening parts of the stem are healthy.
The importance of this experiment rests not only in

confirming De Bary's views, but more particularly in
this — that if the mycelium travelled down the inside
the stem to the tubers then no amount of high mould-
ing could possibly protect the tubers from the
disease."

Teratological specimens, — Mr. Henslow showed a
large and interesting series of deviations from the
ordinary condition of various flowers.

Floral Committee. — Present in Section A.:
John Eraser, Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. E. Hill, J.
Dominy, J. Woodbridge, J. Hudson, H. Herbst, J.
Laing, H. Williams, J. O'Brien, and the Rev. G.
Henslow. Section B.: Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the
chair; Messrs. G. Duffield, C. Green, W. Bealby,
G. F. Wilson, J. James, J. Child, W. B. Kellock,
H. Cannell, and H. Turner. The greatest number
of novelties exhibited at this meeting came from
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, their contribution
including, amongst others, a good stand of unnamed
varieties of Iris Kcempferi, cut blooms of Ceanothus
azureus ; C. Arnoldi, a very fine variety with French-
grey flowers, produced in large dense spikes ; C.
albidus, creamy-white ; and the very fine pale lilac
Gloire de Versailles ; Styrax japonica, a beautiful
hardy shrub, with white, broad, bell-shaped flowers ;
Prunus Pissardi, young grafted plants grown in the
open air, and finely coloured ; Andromeda japonica
albo marginata, very dwarf, and variegated, as indi-
cated by the name ; Gladiolus hybridus Lafayette, a
hybrid raised by M. Lemoine between G. purpureo-
auratus and a hybrid of G. gandavensis, with
a bold spike of flowers of a creamy - yellow
ground flushed with rose, and the lower petals
blotched with bright crimson ; Clematis coccinea,
of which there must be good and bad varieties
about, that shown to-day being the finest we have
seen, and a remarkably pretty thing ; Rosa lucida
var. Rose-button, bright rose, with a carmine centre
— a very pretty double Balsam-flowered variety, that
will be valuable for border cultivation ; and the fol-
lowing choice hybrid Rhododendrons : — A rich
salmon-red, with fine large bells ; Princess Alex-
andra, white ; Prince Leopold, salmon-red ; Princess
Frederica, creamy-yellow ; Duchess of Edinburgh,
crimson-scarlet ; Taylori, bright rose ; and Maiden's
Blush, flesh, tinted white. From Mr. R. Dean,
Ealing, came Lathyrus latifoHus delicata, an exceed-
ingly pretty Everlasting Pea, white, veined and pen-
cilled with rose, which must be increased by cuttings,
as it will not come true from seeds ; and Primula
Rusbyi, a very pretty plant, received from America,
of the general appearance of P. rosea, but the leaves
more resembling those of P. latifolia, while the
flowers are of a rosy-purple shade. [This was re-
ferred to the Kew authorities for naming.] Mr. B. S.
Williams showed a plant with one spike of the dis-
tinct, rare, and pretty' Aerides Houllettianura, with
its buff-yellow sepals and petals and spade-shaped
white lip tipped with pink. Messrs. F. Sander &
Co. and Mr. De B. Crawshay both exhibited flower-
ing plants of the fine new Cattleya Gaskelliana, and
Messrs. Sander & Co. also had a flowering plant of
Dendrobium Griffithianum, a yellow- flowered species,
which bore the name of D. Gulbertianum. From
Mr. Z. Stevens, Trentham, came a singularly distinct
form of Odontoglossum vexillarium, named superbum,
a very rich violet-rose coloured variety, with a rich
dark crimson velvety centre. Messrs. Jacob-
Makoy & Co., of Li&ge, sent a variegated
form of Anthericum latifolium and Croton Inimit-
able, a handsomely coloured variety. Messrs.
Paul & Son, Cheshunt, showed the new Tea Rose,
Madame Eugenie Verdier, a pure rich yellow of the
Gloire de Dijon type, very sweet, and a welcome
addition to the yellow-flowered section ; Spiriiea bul-
lata, a very dwarf shrubby species, with dense ter-
minal spikes of crimson flowers — a pretty plant for
the rockery ; Campanula turbinata pelviFormis, a
pretty variety, with fine pale blue saucer-shaped
flowers ; a small group of herbaceous Phloxes, and
another of Carnations and Picotees in pots. Messrs.
Cannell & Sons exhibited an exceedingly fine double
Begonia named Ruhm von Erfurt, a very prettily
shaped flower of a glowing orange- scarlet colour;
and from Mr. W. Bealby came a new Ivy-leaved
Pelargonium, Madame Thibaut, a very fine double,
bright rose. Messrs. James Carter c^ Co. sent Rho-
danthe Manglesii alba, a very dwarf strain ; and a
dwarf bedding Nasturtium, Beauty of the Border, a
yellow ground flower, with bold crimson blotches.
Mr. T. S. Ware again had a large and effective dis-
play of hardy flowers, which did duty also on the
following day.

The awards made were :^

Fikst-Clas.s Ckutii-icates.
Section A.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Roaa lucida var.
Kose-button.

To Messrs. ]arnes Veitch & Sons, for Clematis
coccinea.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Prunus Pissardi.

To Mr. B. S. Williams, for Aerides Houliettianum.

To Mr. B. S. Williams, for Odontoglossum vexilla-
rium superbum.

July 26, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

119

To Messrs. F. Sander & Co. , and Mr. Dc B. Crawshay,
for Catileya Gaskelliana.

To Messrs. F. Sander & Co., for Dendrobium GrifTiih-
ianum.

Section B.

To Messrs. Paul & Son, for Tea Rose Madame
Eugenie Verdier.

To Messrs. Paul & Son, for Spirara buUata

To Messrs. Paul & Son, lor Canijianula lurbinata
pelvifonnis.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Rhododendron
Empress.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Gladiolus liybridus
Lafayette.

To Mr. R. Dean, for Latbyrus lalifolius delicata.

To Mr. R. Dean, for Primula Rusbyi ? .

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Begonia Ruhm von
Erfurt.

To Mr. W. Bealby, for Ivy-leaved Pelargonium
Madame Thibaul.

Fruit Committee.— Present : 11. J. Veitch, Esq.,
in the chair ; Messrs. John Lee, G. Bunyard, W.
Denning, G. Goldsmith, C. Ross, W. Paul, S. Ford,
J. Roberts, — Iluwcroft, J. Smith, IL Webb, and
R. D. Blackmore. But few subjects of any interest
came under the notice of this bodj', and these
included samples of House's Perfect Marrow Pea,
and of a small podded variety from New Zealand,
exhibited by Mr. Walker, of Thame. Mr. Laxton
sent some plants of his new Strawberry, The Captain,
which the committee requested should be sent to
Chiswick for trial.

Fruit and Veoetaisle Show.— Of the fruit
competitions which have so far been held at South
Kensington in connection with the National Health
Exhibition, the one held on Tuesday last was by far
the largest and best, and in extent will probably not
be excelled during the season. In most classes the
competitions were large, and quality of the very best,
so that the thousands of visitors who passed through
the conservatory looked over the tables with some-
thing more than admiring eyes. The schedule started
with collections of fruit of an unlimited number, four
lots being staged. As two varieties of any one kind
of fruit were admissible, the collections were not un-
usually varied. The 1st prize fell to Mr. A. Miller,
gr. to W. A. Long, Esq., Rood Ashton, Trowbridge,
who had sixteen dishes, including good Scarlet Pre-
mier and Eastnor Castle Melons, Barrington and
Violette Hative Peaches, Pine-apple and Downton
Nectarines, Early Purple and Blue Gage Plums,
Mcnstreuse de Lipari Figs, black and red Currants,
white and red Gooseberries, two Strawberries, and
one of Raspberries. Mr. G. Goldsmith, The Gar-
dens, HoUanden, Tonbridge, was 2d with twenty
dishes, all unnamed, including two kinds of Cherries,
Lord Suffield Apples, and other fruits, similar to the
previous collection. Mr. W. Robins, gr. to E. D.
Lee, Esq., Hartwell House, Aylesbury, took 3d
place with seventeen dishes, having good Barrington
Peaches and Lord Napier and Humboldt Nectarines
in his lot. Pines were in great force, the champion
exhibitor, however, being found in Mr. R. Nicholas,
The Gardens, Castle Hill, South Molton, who
had in the class for four fruits each, grand speci-
mens of the Smooth Cayenne, two weighing 8\ lb.
each, and two others S lb. each. These were handsome
and finely finished. Mr. J. Harris, gr. to Mrs,
Vivian, Singleton, Swansea, had the 2d best four in
some beautiful Queens, of fair size, and finely coloured ;
Mr. G. T. Miles, gr. to Lord Carrington, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens, was 3d, with a fine Charlotte Roths-
child, two good Queens, and a Smooth Cayenne. Mr.
Nicholas had the best two fruits with the same kind,
both weighing SJ; lb. ; Mr. Edmunds, The Gardens,
Bestwood Park, Notts, coming 2d, with very good
Queens ; and Mr. Moss, gr. to C. Eyre, Esq., Wel-
ford Park, Newbury, was 3d, with Cayennes. In
addition to those already noted, Mr. Nicholas staged,
not for competition, twelve splendid fruits, all
Smooth Cayennes, of the aggregate weight of just
over 100 lb. An extra prize was awarded to this
collection.

Grapes were well shown, some bunches, in fact,
being, of their kind, first-rate. Thus, Mr. Taverner,
gr. to Sir A. K. Macdonald, Woolmer Forest, had
grandly coloured Black Hamburghs, his three bunches
being, perhaps, as good as could be found ; 2d to
him came Mr. J. Edmunds, with well coloured but
somewhat loose bunches ; and Mr. Church, gr. to
C. S. A. Thellusen, Esq., Brodsworlh Hall, Don-
caster, was 3d, with fairly good samples. There were
seven entries in that class, but only three in the one
for three bunches of the Duke of Buccleuch ; Mr.
Baitd, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq., Holmfield, Ealing —
one of the most successful growers of this very uncer-
tain Grape — coming 1st, with medium-sized bunches,
but having fine well coloured berries; Mr. Roberts,
The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park, had the next best
bunches, but though as fine as Mr. Baird's, they were a
little wanting in colour ; Mr. Chuck took third place.
Muscat of Alexandria did not come out first-rate, the
bunches generally being rather lumpy, and the berries
greenish. Mr. Edmunds had the best ; Mr. Cake-

bread, gr. to Sir T. F. Rose, Rayners Park, Bucks,
coming 2d ; Mr. Edwards, gr. to Mrs. Tristram,
Liphook, Hants, coming 3d with tapering bunches
rather hard thinned. Mr. Roberts had three splendid
bunches of Madresfield Court, the berries of great
size and finely coloured — R. Crey, Esq., Northfield
House, Henley-on-Thames (Mr. T. Heath, gr.),
coming next with larger bunches but lacking finish.
The class foranyother kind brought better competition,
Mr. W. Tidy, Stanmorc Hall Gardens, having some
grand Black Alicantes that easily placed him 1st,
though the Foster's Seedling shown by Mr. C. Herrin,
gr. to J. A. Hibbert, Esq., Chalfont Park, Slough,
were remarkably good, indeed perfectly coloured and
finished. Mr. Roberts had three grand bunches of
ibis latter Grape also, that had they been coloured as
Mr. Herrin's were, might have placed him higher up.
There were seventeen pairs of Melons in com-
petition, and as on this occasion the judges tasted all
the fruits, their efforts to select the best flavoured
were onerous and meritorious. A brace of very
handsome fruit of a new kind, Sutton's Scarlet In-
vincible, oval in form, large and finely netted, sent
by Mr. W. Wildsmith, gr. to Viscount Eversley,
Heckfield Place, Winchfield, were well placed 1st,
the flesh proving soft, luscious, and richly flavoured.
Mr. .S, Hare, gr. to R. H. Neville, Esq., Grantham,
came 2d, with a handsome green-flesh kind unnamed ;
and Mr. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Longford
Castle, Wilts, was 3d with Blenheim Orange. Figs
were not largely shown, the prizes going to Messrs.
J. W^allis, Keele Hall, Stafford ; Roberts, and Ward.
Mr. J. Coleman, Eastnor Castle Gardens, had the
best two dishes of Peaches, with finely coloured Belle-
garde and paler Royal Kensington, both fine
samples. Mr. Robins had Stirling Castle and
Barrington in -the 2d prize lot, and Mr. J.
Read, The Gardens, Moat Mount, Mill Hill,
was 3d ; many finely coloured fruits were in the other
dishes much bruised. There were seventeen dishes
of Nectarines, Mr. Roberts coming 1st with grandly
coloured Lord Napier, Mr. Wallis and Mr. Robins
following in order with the same variety. Mr.
Edmunds had the best two dishes of Strawberries in
Sir Joseph Paxton and Sir Charles Napier. Mr.
Church followed with rich coloured Duke of Edin-
burgh and Oxonian ; and Mr. R. Maher, gr. to A.
AVaterhouse, Esq., Newbury, had Jas. Veitch and Sir
J. Paxton. Only two dishes of the old Hautbois
were shown, both samples being of a sickly hue and
unwholesome look, so that no wonder this once
famous kind finds little encouragement now. In the
class for a single dish of any kind Mr. Goldsmith
had very fine Sir J. Paxton ; Mr. Church came 2d
with pale British Queen, and Mr. Edmunds 3d with
deep coloured Duke of Edinburgh, Mr. J. Walker,
of Thame, had the two best dishes of Raspberries in
Carter's Prolific and Fastolf — Mr, Chadwick, gr. to
A. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill, Ealing, having the
same sorts, and Mr. Ward was 3d with red and white
Antwerp. Gooseberries made a brave show, Mr.
Chadwick having twenty-four dishes of really beauti-
ful samples, large and well coloured, and all distinct ;
Mr. Walker was 2d with thirty dishes, and Mr.
Goldsmith came 3d. In the class for six dishes there
were very fine samples staged, Mr. Waterman, gr. to
H. A. Brassey, Esq., Aylesford Hall, Maidstone,
coming 1st with Golden Lion, Tally-ho, Howard's
Lancer, Chorister, Lady Leicester (white), and
Leveller (red) ; Messrs. Chadwick and Ford came
2d and 3d. Currants in collections of three dishes,
red, white, and black, made a pretty show, and the
samples were wondrously good — Mr. Robins, Mr. C.
Ross, and Mr. Ford taking the prizes, the best
sorts being Black Naples, White Dutch, and Red
Grape. Finally, in the fruit section, Mr. Coleman
had the best dish of Cherries in Bigarreau Napoleon,
Mr. Miles coming next with the same kind.

Vegetables. — Very considerable were the com-
petitions in this section of the show, and the quality
throughout was excellent. In the class for collections
of eight kinds there were ten entries, Mr. S. Haines,
Coleshill Gardens, taking 1st place with capital
Globe Artichokes, fine White Naples Onions, Giant
Cauliflowers, very fair Telegraph Peas, clean hand-
some Nantes Carrots, Trophy Tomatos, Moore's
Vegetable Cream Marrows, and Ashleaf Potatos,
Mr. Miles was 2d, including in his lot Culverwell's
Giant Marrow Peas, good Intermediate Carrots,
Italian Tripoli Onions, and Asparagus. Mr. Ward
came 3d, with a capital collection. I\Ir. II, Marriott,
Boston, was invincible with Peas, and with six dishes
took the 1st place in that class, having Telegraph,
Wordsley Wonder, Commander-in-Chief, Johnson's
Full Bloom, Laxton's Evolution, and one unnamed.
Mr. Muir, gr. to C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., Margam
Park, South Wales, was 2d, with Telephone, Para-
gon, Duke of Albany, Telegraph, &c. Mr. J. May,
gr. to Captain Le Blanc, Barnet, was 3d. There was
a large competition in the class for three dishes of
Potatos, and, unfortunately, the judging was singu-
larly bad. Mr. W. Meads, gr. to Viscount Barring-
ton, Beckett Park, was placed 1st, with Henderson's
Prolific and Porter's Excelsior, very fineand handsome,

but getting greenish ; Woodstock Kidney, and a
pretty dish of Welford Park Seedling. Mr. Haines
was placed 2d, with Woodstock Kidney and Rivers'
and Veitch's Ashleafs, the two so-called latter kinds
notoriously the same ; and Mr. Herrin came 3d, with
the best lot staged, in International, Sunrise, and
Midsummer Kidney, all clean and handsome. Messrs.
Hudson, Gunnersbury House; Herrin, and Haines
took the awards for Mushrooms. Mr. Miller had
the best dish of dwarf Beans, Messrs. Ward and
Waterman following in order, all showing Canadian
Wonder. Mr. Edwards had in Criterion the hand-
somest dish of Tomatos, richly coloured for that kind ;
Mr. Cakebread coming 2d, with beautiful Excelsior ;
and Mr. R. Farrance, Chadwell Heath, Essex, 3d,
with fine Trophy. The best brace of smooth Cucum-
bers, very handsome Tender and True, came from
Mr. G. Gilmour, gr. to the Right Hon. G. J. Goschen,
M.P., Hawkhurst ; and the best couple of prickly
Cucumbers from Mr. J. Woodham, Dulwich —
these were Pearson's Long Gun : Daniel's Duke
of Edinburgh was also shown in the 2d and 3d
prize lots.

Special Prizes. — There was large competition
for dishes of Messrs, James Carter iS; Co.'s valuable
prizes for their fine Peas, Telegraph, Telephone,
Stratagem, and Pride of the Market. Mr. Marriott
had fine samples, as also had Mr. Wiles, Edgecote
Gardens, Banbury ; Mr. Ward, and others who took
prizes, Mr. Marriott easily took the only prize
offered by Mr. House, of Peterborough, for his Perfect
Marrow, a British Queen shaped kind, Mr. Marriott
was again 1st with a dish of Messrs. Webb & Sons'
Wordsley Wonder, a green sword-shaped Pea ;
Messrs. Cook, of Boston, Muir, and Gilbert of
Burghley, taking other prizes. Mr. Marriott had the
finest sample of Laxton's Evolution, a well podded
kind ; and Mr. Miles the best dish of Laxton's John
Harrison, Long-pod Bean, which is much like the
Aquadulce.

Sheffield Botanical and Horticultural : July
24 and 25. i^By Telegraph.) — This is not an exhibi-
tion of anything like the extent of the Manchester,
Leeds or York shows, seeing that large specimens
of plants of imposing appearance are wanting to
give that grandeur of effect which is characteristic
of the great Northern exhibitions ; still , there
are many objects of interest, chief among these
being the cut Roses, which are very fresh and
bright. The show is an effort to establish in
Shefiield an exhibition worthy of this great indus-
trial centre, and should it prove financially successful,
it will be of annual recurrence. At I P.M. a
lar};e and fashionable company assembled, await-
ing the opening of the tents. The arrange-
ments are a little in arrear, and wanting in finish —
a defect that will, no doubt, be remedied another
year. There are two long tents on the grassy slope
on the right hand of the broad walk leading from the
front of the fine range of glass-houses. Groups of
plants of large extent and varied character are fur-
nished by Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria Nursery,
HoUoway, London, and Messrs. Fisher, Son &
Sibray, Handsworth Nurseries, Sheffield— indeed,
the latter are such large contributors to the show,
exhibiting in many classes, that it would be thin with-
out their plants. Mr, Williams has Orchids, new
and choice plants ; the Handsworth firm have these
also, a group of Roses in pots, Carnations, and other
things. Some classes for foliage plants are in this
tent, also the Orchids, table plants, and the limited
quantity of fruit that is present.

In the second tent is a large display of cut Roses,
the scarlet and crimson varieties being numerous and
very fine. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, take the
leading prizes, in conjunction with Mr. R. W. Proc-
tor, of Sheffield. The Roses fill more than one side
of the tent. Messrs. Paul & Son's thirty-six blooms
contain fine examples of Merveille de Lyon, Due de
Rohan, Leopold I., Senateur Vaisse, Nardy Freres,
Baroness Rothschild, H. Schultheis, Edouard Andre,
Comte Rambaud, Ulrich Brunner, Madame G. Luizet,
Prince Arthur, Pierre Notting, Souvenir du Coulom-
miers, Marquise de Castellane, Camiile Bernardin,
and Comtesse de Sereneye. Mr. R. W. Proctor
takes the 2d prize. In the class for twenty-
four varieties Mr. Proctor is 1st, having fine
blooms of Sir G. Wolseley, A. K. Williams, Fram^ois
Levet, Duchess of Bedford, Louis van Houtte, C.
Darwin, Star of Waltham, and Catherine Soupert ;
2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, with good examples of Paul
Neron, Marquis of Salisbury, Madame E. Verdier,
Pride of Waltham, E. Andn;, Madame Nachury,
Ulrich Brunner, Prince Arthur, and Nardy Freres.
Messrs. Paul & Son are 1st with eighteen varieties,
and also with six Teas. They have also the
best six new Roses, having good blooms of Ulrich
Brunner, Merveille de Lyon, Pride of Waltham,
Comtesse de Paris, Duchess of Connaught, and
Queen of Queens. They also show six blooms
of Pride of Reigate, and a pretty white striped
Comtesse d'Oxford,

120

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

IJi n :C, If

In the amateurs' class for thirty-six Roses the
Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Romford, Essex, wins the
Silver Cup given by the Mayor of Sheffield, staging
fine blooms, the crimson varieties being particularly
fine, such as Madame C. Wood, Charles Crapelet,
H. Weir, Dr. Andry, Duchess of Bedford, Tierre Not-
ting, Star of Waltham, J. S. Mill, Prince Arthur, and
Horace Vernet. Mr. T. B. Hall, Rock Ferry, shows
a good lot also. Mr. Hall's twelve Teas competing
for a special prize given by Mr. Prince, of Oxford,
are very good, viz., Marechal Niel, Innocente Pirola,
Etoile de Lyon, Marcelin Rhoda, Madame Margottin,
Olivier, Comtesse Nadaillac, and Alba rosea. There
are other classes for Roses ; and the premier Rose in the
nurserymen's division is Duke of Edinburgh, shown by
Mr. Frank Hurton — that in the amateurs' class, A.
K. Williams, shown by Mr. T. B. Hall. Other cut
flowers include Carnations and Picotees. Hardy
perenials are finely shown by Messrs. Fisher, Son
& Sibray. Bouquets, &c., groups of plants arranged
for effect, and collections of fine-foliaged plants fill
up the centre of the Rose tent ; the groups are
arranged in squares, which imparts a formal appear-
ance. In the nurserymen's division, Mr. Hiram Shaw,
Richmond Nursery, is 1st, with a group showing
excellent taste ; Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sibray being
2d. In the amateurs' division, Mr. Hannah, gr to T.
Wilson, Esq., Broomhill, is 1st, and Mr. Winter,
gr. to T. Task, Esq., 2d : but they are far too
closely packed. Close by Messrs. Cannell, Swanley,
have a lot of wonderful bunches of single and double
Pelargoniums and Begonias of great beauty. Messrs.
Fisher, Son & Sibray have the best six Orchids,
staging Vanda tricolor, Cattleya guttata Leopold),
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, with nine spikes, and
Phalasnopsis grandiflora. Mr. Sheridan, gr. to Mrs.
Harmar, Ramsor, was 2d with good specimens of
Dendrobium Bensonise and Cypripedium barbatum nig-
rum, &c. The best three Orchids are Disa grandiflora,
Vanda tricolor, and Odontoglossum Alexandras, with
no exhibitor's name attached. The best single Orchid is
Cattleya gigas. Mr. Hannah has the best six Crotons,
staging Weismanni, majesticus, angustifoHus, varie-
gatus, Queen Victoria, and Mortii. He has also the
best six ornamental foliaged plants, staging fine
examples of Croton majesticus, C. variegatus,
Dracasna Youngi, Anthurium Warocqueanum, &c.

In the nurserymen's division Messrs. Fisher, Son
& Sibray have the best six ornamental foliaged plants;
they are also 1st with six greenhouse Rhododendrons,
staging fine, bushy, well grown and flowered plants ;
they also bad the best six Dracsenas, and six
exotic Ferns, the specimens being small in each
case, but well grown. The best six exotic Ferns in
the amateurs' division come from Mr. Hannah, who
has medium sized but very good specimens of Adi-
antum Farleyense, A. Veitchianum, A. gracillimum,
Mrs. Harmar also has a nice collection in this class.
The best three Orchids shown by amateurs come from
R. P. Broomhead, Esq., and consist of small but
nicely grown specimens of Dendrobium Dearei,
Miltonia spectabilis, and D. Bensonice. Messrs.
Fisher, Son & Sibray are the only exhibitors of six
tuberous rooted Begonias, staging finely grown and
flowered seedling plants of high quality. Quite a
crowd gathersabout Messrs. CanneU's dozen bunches of
double Begonias, and judging from the exclamations
made, not a few are looking upon flowers of this class
for the first time. Coleus, Caladiums, Pelargoniums,
and Gloxinias are here, but not worthy of special
mention. Pansies and Violas in pots are very pretty,
Mr. Simpson, florist, Crookes, shows a capital col-
lection of fancy Pansies in pots, not for competition.
Hardy perennials in pots are quite attractive. A
large group of the white Clove, W. P. Milner, shown
by Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sibray, is much admired
for the snowy whiteness of the flowers.

Bouquets are decidedly smaller than those usually
seen at competitions. Mr. R. W. Proctor, Chester-
field, has the best six hand bouquets of Roses, Messrs.
Fisher, Son & Sibray being 2d. Mr. Hiram Shaw
has the best bridal and best hand bouquets, Mr. R.
Crossland being 2d in both classes.

Some very good blooms of Carnations and Picotees
are shown. At 3 o'clock no exhibitors* names were
placed on them, but Mr. Ben. Simonite appeared to
be to the fore. He had good blooms of the following
Carnations : — Sarah Payne, James Merryweather,
a sport ; Henry Cannell, H. Weir, Dr. Foster,
Admiral Curzon, Dreadnought, John Keet, Mayor of
Notts, and Dan Godfrey. Of Picotees — Brunette,
Dr. Hogg, Muriel, Miss Horner, Lady Holmesdale,
Mrs. Allcroft, Miss Woods, and Violet Douglas.

There are several classes for local Rose growers,
and they appear remarkably good for the locality.

In the way of fruit Mr. Creakparts is the only exhi-
bitor of three bunches of Grapes, one of each, having
Muscat of Alexandria, Madresfield Court, and Bar-
barossa. Some good bunches of Black Hamburgh
Grapes are shown. G. Fisher, Esq., Endcliffe, is
1st, and Mr. G. H. Shaw 2d. Mr. C. F. Shorter
has the beat bunch of White Grapes, staging
Foster's Seedling, Mrs. Harmer being 2d, with
Trebbiano. Mr. G. H. Shaw and Mr. G. Fisher
competed in the class for Muscats, both having

Muscat of Alexandria. There are Vines in pots,
Peaches, Nectarines, and Tomatos, the latter very
good.

A portion of the Botanical Garden is devoted to
exhibitions of garden implements, and Messrs. C.
Merryweather & Co., Sheffield, have garden tents
and seats and mowing-machines, &c. Mr. Turner,
Wireworks, Sheffield, has plant-stands, arches, &c.,
in wirework. Messrs. R. Jackson & Co., Rother-
ham, have their conical Victor boiler. Messrs. Prim-
rose & Co., horticultural builders, Sheffield, have
houses showing their system of indestructible glazing ;
Mr. J. Daniels, Sheffield, plant-houses and mowing-
machines ; and Messrs. C. Linley & Son, Starlight
Works, a new conical boiler.

At 5 P.M. the weather is greatly improved and the
company numerous.

National Carnation and Picotee Society
(Southern Section) : ^uly 22. — The most ardent
lover of the Carnation had no reason to find fault with
the display made by his favourite flower on this occasion.
It was essentially and entirely a show made by Southern
growers, and what a barrier Nature has placed in the
way of the Southern and Northern growers meeting in
friendly rivalry is shown from the fact that the northern
show in Manchester is on August 12, and Mr. Samuel
Barlow is actually pushing on his flowers into bloom
under glass, so as to have some of them ready by that
date. On this occasion there was a good competition in
all the classes, while the flowers were of a high order of
merit — large, full, pure in the ground, and finely marked.
And it was emphatically Mr. Turner's year, for this
veteran grower was very strong at all points, staging
superb blooms, and taking off something like fifty-seven
prizes, many of them being ists. Mr. Douglas v and
Mr. E. S. Dodwell were also in good form, the former
being the only exhibitor for the Veitch Memorial Medal
and a prize of ;^5, no trade grower being permitted to
enter the lists. It was in all respects a satisfactory
exhibition, and it served to illustrate in a remark-
able degree the activity of the growers of the
Carnation and Picotee in the South ; and were there not
this among the somewhat divided "special" societies,
no such exhibition of the old July flower could have been
presented to a London putalic. The exhibits of the
Carnation and Picotee Society, the competitions with
fruit and vegetables, and the contributions to the com-
mittees filled every available space that could be devoted
to stages in the spacious conservatory.

Veitch Memorial Prizes. — In the class for the
Veitch Memorial prizes, as before stated, won by Mr.
Douglas, gr. to F. Whitbourne, Esq., Great Gearies ;
the flowers staged were — Bizarres : T. S. Ware,
a fine P.P.B. ; William Skirving, P.P.E., large, full, and
finely marked ; Admiral Curzon, Mrs. Gorton, 913
(Dodwell), C. B. ; and Joseph Crossland : flakes —
James Douglas, Jessica, a fineR.F. ; Rob Roy, R.F.,
very fine; Squire Whitburn, a valuable P. F. ; Henry
Cannell, probably one of the finest of S.F.'s ; and
Florence Nightingale. And Picotees Brunette, H. Red
E. ; Constance Heron, H. Rose E. ; Zerlina, Her
Majesty, Mrs. Gorton, a pretty L. Rose E. ; and Mrs.
Payne. In this class eighteen blooms were required
— twelve Carnations and six Picotees.

CAKNATiONS.^In the class for twenty-four blooms ot
Carnations, not less than twelve varieties, Mr. C. Turner,
Royal Nursery, Slough, was ist, with a superb lot of
blooms, staging — Bizarres : Master Fred, a very fine C. B. ;
Arthur Medhurst, C.B.; Wm. Skirving, P.P.B.; Robert
Lord, S.B. : Mr. Barlow, and Squire Penson, P.P.B.:
Flakes — Florence Nightingale, Sir Garnet Wolseley,
Mayor of Nottingham, James Douglas, a fine P. F. ; Rob
Roy, Matador, a brilliant S.F.; Sybil, Tim Bobbin, a
fineR.F.; Mrs. Bridgewater. S.F., very bright; John
Keet, and Jessica. 2d, Mr. James Douglas, Great
Gearies, Ilford, with — Bizarres: George, S.B, ; Thomas
Moore, C.B. ; Sarah Payne, Wm. Skirving, Dreadnought,
S.B.; Stanley Hudson, C.B ; Seedling 1018 (Dodwell),
Admiral Curzon, Seedling 851 (Dodwell), Seedling
(Douglas), T. S. Ware ; and Flakes — Squire Whitburn,
H. Cannell, James Douglas, Rob Roy, Florence Nightin-
gale. Seedling 1175 (Dodwell), and Jessica. 3d, E. S.
Dodwell, Esq., Oxford, with — Bizarres; Ranger John,
S.B. ; Fred, Sarah Payne, Master Fred. W. Skirving, and
James Mcintosh, with several seedlings : Flakes^
Florence Nightingale, James Douglas, Mrs. Hewitt,
R.F. ; John Keet, and seedlings. 4th, Messrs. Hooper
& Co., Widcombe Hill, Bath; sth, Mr. John Hines,
Ipswich.

In class B, for twelve blooms of Carnations, Mr.
Douglas was ist, with well finished flowers of — Bizarres :
George, Sarah Payne, Wm. Skirving, Arthur Medhurst,
Miss Henderson, P.P.B. ; W. M. Hewitt, C.B. ; and
seedlings : Flakes — Miss Helen Lodge, R.F. ; Rob
Roy, John Bayley, Florence Nightingale, and James
Douglas. 2d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with — Bizarres : S.
Barlow, C.B. ; Master Fred, Fred, H. K. Mayor, C.B. ;
Thomas Moore, C.B., very fine ; and Wm. Skirving :
Flakes — F'lorence Nightingale, Sarah Payne, and seed-
lings. 3d, Mr. Joseph Lakin, Temple Cowley, Oxford,
with — Bizarres : Thomas Bower, Thomas Moore, Lord
Milton, A. Medhurst, Admiral Curzon, Fred, and Sarah
Payne : Flakes — H. Cannell, Tim Bobbin, Florence
Nightingale, and Sarah Payne. 4th, Messrs. Hooper &
Co., Bath ; 5th. Mr. W. J. Buxton, Clapham ; 6th,
Mr. S. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham.

In the class for six blooms of Carnations, W. Rowan,
Esq., Manor Street, Clapham, was ist with — Bizarres ;
Mars, Falconbridge, Master Fred, and George, Miss

Erskine Wemyss, S.F. ; and Florence Nightingale, P.F.
2d, Mr. Arther Brown, with— Bizarres : Master Fred,
Edward Adams, S.B. ; and Florence Nightingale : Flakes
— Dr. Foster, P.F. ; Miss E. Wemyss, and Squire Dodwell,
S.F. 3d. Mr. Thomas Anstiss, Brill ; 4th, Mr. W. Slack
Chesterfield ; 5th. Mr. H. Catley, Bath. In the classes for
single blooms a large number of capital flowers were staged,
and it was here that Mr. Turner displayed his pre-
eminence in a remarkable degree with S. Biz. Mr. C.
Turner was ist, with Robert Lord ; 2d, with Master
Stanley ; 3d, with Robert Lord ; and 4th, with James
Mcintosh ; Mr. Dodwell being 5th, with Seedling looi.
In the class for C.B.'s, Mr. Dodwell was ist, with Seed-
ling 1005 ; Mr. Turner 2d, with A. D. Southgate ; 3d,
with I'homas Moore ; 4th, Mr. Dodwell, with Seedling
842 ; 5th, Mr. C. Turner with Mr. E. S. Dodwell. All the
prizes in the class for P. P. B. 's went to Mr. Turner ; he was
ist with W. Skirving, 2d with Squire Llewelyn, 3d with
W. Skirving, 4th with the same, and 5th with Squire
Llewelyn. In ihe class for P.F.'s, Mr. Douglas was ist
with Florence Nightingale ; Mr. Turner 2d and 3d,
with the same ; Mr, Douglas 4th, with Squire Whit-
burne ; and Mr. Turner, 5th, with Florence Nightingale.
In the class for S.F.'s, Mr. E. S. Dodwell was ist, with
Tom Lord, a variety of high-class merit ; 2d and 3d,
Mrs. C. Turner, with Matador ; 4th. Mr. Dodwell, with
Seedling 979 ; and 5th, Mr. C. Turner, with Matador. In
the class for P.F.'s, Mr. C. Turner was ist and 3d, with
Jessica, 2d with Mr. Bridgewater, 4th with Rob Roy ;
Mr. Douglas being 5th, with Jessica.

Picotees. — In class E., for twenty-four blooms of
Picotees, no less than twelve dissimilar varieties, Mr.
Turner was ist, with J. B. Bryant, Dr. Epps, Mrs. Gib-
bons, Mrs. Payne. Maude (Fellowes), a heavy P.E. ;
Duchess.(Fellowes). Heavy Scarlet : Louisa, Mr. Rayner,
Mrs. Webb (Fellowes) ; Heavy Scarlet — Mrs. Chancellor,
Muriel, Orlando (Fellowes) ; Light Red — Ethel, ZerUna,
Her Majesty, and Mr, Tutton. 2d, Mr. Douglas, with
Brunette, John Smith, H. Red, very fine ; Constance
Heron, Miss Lee, Mrs. Aldcroft, Mrs. Rayner, Ethel,
Jessie, Mrs. Gorton, Her Majesty, Baroness Burdett-
Coutts, Zerlina, and Thomas Williams. 3d, Mr. E. S.
Dodwell, with Royal Visit, Dr. Epps, Purple Prince.
Constance Heron, Novelty, heavily flaked with pinkish-
purple on the edge ; and Clara Penson, light purple,
very good. 4th, Mr. John Hines, Ipswich ; 3th, Messrs.
Hooper, Bath. In the class for twelve blooms, Mr.
Douglas was ist, with Constance Heron, Mrs. Payne,
Princess of Wales, Mrs. Chancellor, Mrs. Bower, Ethel,
Her Majesty, Jessie, Clara Penson, and Estelle, light
scarlet. 2d, Mr, E. S, Dodwell, with Jessie, Brunette,
Her Majesty, Medium, Edith D'Ombrain, Mrs. Chan-
cellor, Mrs. Payne, Constance Heron, Novelty, Muriel,
and Mrs. Rudd. 3d, Mr. J. Lakin ; 4th, Mr. J.
Buxton ; sth, Messrs. Hooper ; 6th, Mr. J. Hines.
In the class for six blooms there were as many as eight
competitors ; Mr. Thomas Anstiss, Brill, being ist, with
Liddington Favourite, L. Rose ; rier Majesty, Mrs.
Dodwell, Royal Visit, Mrs. Payne, and Mrs. Chancellor ;
2d, Mr. H. Catley, with J. B. Bryant, Mrs. Tonge,
Medium P. ; Alliance, H.P. ; Her Majesty, Mrs. Ford-
ham, and Rev. F. D. Homer, Light Red ; 3d, Mr. M.
Rowan ; 4th, Mr. A. Brown ; 5th, Mr. H. Meddick,
Bath.

Of single blooms there were a large number, and in the
class for Heavy Reds Mr. Turner was ist, 2d, and 3d,
with J. B. Bryant ; 4th, with Brunette ; Mr. Douglas
being 5th with Princess of Wales. Light Reds ; Mr.
Turner was ist and 2d, with Mrs. Bower ; 3d and 4th
with Mrs. Gorton ; Mr. Douglas being 5th with Violet
Douglas. Light Purple : ist and 2d, Mr. C. Turner,
with Her Majesty ; Mr. Douglas being 3d with Nymph ;
4th with Clara Penson, and 5th with Her Majesty.
Heavy Purple : In this class all the prizes went to Mr.
Turner, with Muriel, it being in fine condition. Heavy
Rose : ist, Mr. Turner, with Mrs. Payne ; 2d, with
Royal Visit ; 4th with Mrs. Payne ; and 5th do. ; Mr.
Dodwell being 3d with Royal Visit. Light Rose : ist,
Mr. Anstiss, with Liddington Favourite ; 2d, Mr. C,
Turner, with Ethel ; 3d, with Evelyn ; 4th, Mr. Anstiss,
with Liddington Favourite ; 5th, Mr. Turner, with
Empress Eugenie. In the class for single blooms of
yellow ground Picotees, Mr. Douglas was ist, 3d, and
4th, with Ne Plus Ultra ; Mr. Turner 2d, with Janira ;
and 4th, with Mrs. Cavill.

Carnations and Picotees, Fancies, &c.— With
twenty-four blooms, not less than twelve varieties, Mr.
C. Turner was ist, with a very fine and varied lot of
flowers. Some of them run blooms of well-known varie-
ties, the most striking being Seedling 3341, deep crimson
flaked with maroon ; Matador, Ihomas Jones, Reverse,
Flirt, Florence Nightingale, Elegant, Mrs. Bridgewater,
Jessica, Mabel Morris, Edith and Lady Cathcarl, two
yellow ; the Governor and Virgo, two white varieties — the
latter very fine indeed ; 2d, Mr. J. Douglas, with Queen,
Rosy Queen, Purple Gem, Fire Gem, Alice, Arthur
Medhurst, Mary, W. P. Milner, &c.; 3d, Messrs. Hooper;
4th, Mr. H. Catley. With twelve blooms, Mr. E. S.
Dodwell was ist, with a very fine lot of seedlings and
run flowers ; 2d, Mr. J. Lakin ; 3d, Mr. Thos. Austiss ;
4th, Mr. Hyam, Hayes ; sth, Mr. H. Meddick.

Yellow Ground Picotees. — Mr. Turner had thtj best
twelve blooms of these, staging fine examples of Prince
of Orange. Janira, Dove, Starlight, Eleanor, Mrs. Cavill,
Lady M. I>ascelles, and Mazzini ; 2d, Mr. J. Douglas,
with Princess Beatrice, Mrs. Coleman, Flavins, Prince of
Orange, Janira, and Ne Plus Ultra ; 3d, Messrs. Hooper ;
4tb, Mr. H. Catley.

The Premier Carnation, selected from the entire col-
lection, was C.B. M.ister Fred, shown by Mr. E. S.
Dodwell ; and the Premier Picotee, Muriel, heavy
purple, shown by Mr. C. Turner. Both these fine
varieties were raised by Mr. W. M. Hewitt, Chesterfield.

July 26, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

121

There was a class for nine specimens in pots, selected
from all the classes, and Mr. C. Turner was ist, with
plants of excellent growth and well-bloomed. Of Car-
nations there were NIatador. \V. Skirving, A. Medhurst,
and Rob Roy ; of Picotees, Brunette, Rosy Queen, Mrs.
Payne, and Yellow Clove Edith.

Some miscellaneous e.vhibits proved of a very help-
ful character. Messrs. i^aul & Son, Cheshunt, had a
large number of Carnations and Picotees in pots. Messrs.
Veilch & Sons had eight boxes of cut flowers, containing
forty blooms each — two of Carnations, two of Picotees,
and tour of Cloves, and a very fine lot they were ; in
addition they had ten bunches of self Pinks, set up neatly
and eflfeciively, about ten flowers in a bunch, and to one
of these, named Rose Perleciion, a First-class Certificate
of Merit was awarded. Messrs. Cross & Steer, of Salis-
bury, had bo\es of their new white Clove Carnations,
The Governor and Lady Louisa Ashburton— the latter
with fringed petals ; and Mr. H. G. Smyth, Goldsmith
Street, Drury Lane, had a number of fine iblooms of his
rose-coloured Carnation, Mary Morris.

National Rose Society : Manchester, July 19.
— The third exhibition of this Society held at Manchester
took place in the Royal Botanical Gardens, Old Trafford,
on the above date, the tables being arranged lengthwise
in the new exhibition house — two in the middleiand one
on either side. It was considered to be a very good ex-
hibition— the second best held in Cottonopolis, though
the quality was a little under that held at Salisbury on
the 9th inst. Mr. Geo. Paul characterised it as a very
good show, one of the best of the year ; and individual
blooms in the amateurs' classes were so good that it was
necessary, in some instances, to give them four points.
As a matter of course the new exhibition house is a
large building to fill with Roses, but there were not many
empty spaces, and the Manchester people, who came to
Old Traflbrd in large numbers, appeared greatly delighted
with the display. The day was very fine, and the grounds
at the Botanical Gardens were seen at their best — Del-
phiniums, White Lilies, Violas, and many other things
being verj' gay and effective. That the Rose is a very
favourite flower in Lancashire cannot be doubted. Time
was when the old florists placed the Pink first, the
Ranunculus second, and the Rose third ; now the Rose
would be assigned the first place. In the nurserymen 'sdivi-
sion the leading class was for seventy-two varieties, single
blooms, and here Messrs. Paul & Son, of the Old Nur-
series, Cheshunt — who it must be admitted are having a
very successful season — were well ahead with clean fresh
blooms of high quality, loremost being a superb bloom of
old Sf^nateur Vaisse, still, when at its best, one of the
finest of scarlet Roses ; and attractive examples of Pierre
Notting, Etienne Levet, Comte de Raimbaud, Oliver
Delhomrae, Annie Wood, Horace Vernet, Hippo-
lyle Jamain, Merveille de Lyon, in fine condition ;
Louis van Houtie, Duchesse de Morny, Dr. Andry,
Camille Bernardin, Tea Innocente Pirola, Duchess of
Albany, Xavier Olibo, J. S. Mill, Souvenir de Coulom-
miers. Due de Rohan, Madame Victor Verdier, Madame
Gabrielle Luizet, Queen of.Queens, Mons. Alfred Dumes-
nil, Marie Baumann, Ulrich Brunner, Star of Waltham,
Earl of Pembroke. Black Prince, Dr. Hogg, Madame
Alphonse Lavallee, Harrison Weir, Madame George
Schwartz, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Edward Andr^, Marie
Rady, A. Colomb, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Jowitt, Pride
of Waltham, Madame Nachary, Mdlle. Marie Finger,
Nardy Freres, Devienne Lamy, and Prince Arthur,
ad, Mr. B. R. Cant, St. John's Nursery, Colchester,
whose leading flowers, and some of them were very fine,
consisted of Madame Eugene Verdier, S^nateur Vaisse,
Prince Arthur, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Madame
George Paul, G^n^ral Jacqueminot, Dukeof Wellingtrin,
Gloire de Vitry, Star of Waltham, Mrs. Jowiit, Tea
Comtesse de Nadaillac, Duchess of Albany, Alfred
Colomb, Fisher Holmes, Pride of Waltham, Duke of
Wellington. Le Ha\Te, Tea Catherine Mermet, A. K.
Williams, Souvenir de Coulommiers, Black Prince, Marie
Baumann, Madame C. Crapelet, Mons. E. Y. Teas,
Etienne Levet, Prince Camille de Rohan, Noisette
Mar^chal Niel. Souvenir de Madame Boll, Charles
Lefebvre, Maurice Bernardin, Dr. Sewell, Mons. Caillat,
Auguste Neumann, and Augusta Rigotard ; 3d, Mr,
Frankland, nurseryman, Colchester, who staged good
blooms of the following : — Noisette Marechal Niel.
Duke of Edinburgh, General Jacqueminot, Fishtr
Holmes, Duchess of Connaught, Madame Crapelet,
Gustave Leveque, Comtesse de Paris, Ulrich Brunner.
A. K. Williams, Duke of Wellington, and Reynolds
Hole ; 4ih, The Cranston Seed and Nursery Company,
Hereford ; these four firms comprising the whole of the
competitors. In the class for thirty-six varieties, three
trusses of each, Messrs. Paul & Son were again ist with
a very fine lot, the most prominent varieties being A. K.
Williams, Etienne Levet, Senateur Vaisse, Baroness
Rothschild, Madame Hippolyle jamain, Comle Raim-
baud, Marie Fraz r, Merveille de Lyon, shown very
finely by this firm ; Mdlle. Prosper Langier, Alfred
Colomb, Lady Sheffield. La France, Xavier Olibo. Star
of Waltham, Ulrich Brunner, Marie Baumann, Prince
Arthur, very bright indeed; and Pride ot Waltham. 2d,
Mr. B. R. Cant, with fine fresh blooms of Marie Verdier,
Duke of Edinburgh, Mdlle. Eugene Verdier, Madame
Gabrielle Luizet. Baroness Rothschild, A. K. Williams,
Marie Rady, Alfred Colomb, Souvenir de Coulommiers,
La France, St. George, Comtesse de Nadaillac (Tea),
Catherine Mermet (Tea), Merveille de Lyon, Lady
Shepherd, Charles Lefebvre, and Louis Peyronny ; 3d,
The Cranston Nursery Company. Messrs. Mack & Son,
Catterick Bridge, were not placed in this class.

Class 3 was for eighteen Tea and Noisette Roses,
pnd their scarcity, owing to the lateness of the season,
was evidenced by the fact that two competitors only
corapeted— Mr. B, R. Cant being jst, with good blooms

of Comtesse de Nadaillac, Marechal Niel, Souvenir de
Mons. Pernet, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Auguste
Jacquin, Catherine Mermet, )ean Ducher, Innocente
Pirola, Moire, Souvenir d'Elise. Souvenir d'un Ami,
Etoile de Lyon, Souvenir de Paul Ni'-ron, Marie van
Houtte. Niphetos, La Boule d'Or. and Madame Hip-
polyle Jamain ; 2d, Messrs. Paul ^S; Son. whose leading
varieties were Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Catherine Mer-
met, Souvenir d'un Ami, Niphetos, Marie van Houtte,
Rubens. Madame Willerraoz. Perle des Jardins, Com-
tesse de Nadaillac. Madame Cusin, Alba rosa, Inno-
cente Pirola, and Madame Eugene Verdier.

In division B., for nurserymen, exhibitors injthe pre-
vious classes being excluded, there was a good competi-
tion, excepting in the class for Teas and Noisettes ; the
1st prize for thirty-six varieties, single trusses, was
taken by Mr. |ohn House, nurseryman, Peterborough,
who had good blooms of Mr. J. S. Mill. Xavier Olibo,
Baron Hausmann, Madame C. Crapelet, Horace Vernet,
Mons. E. Y. Teas, Comtesse d'Oxford, Harrison Weir,
Beauty of Waltham. A. K. Williams, Charles Lefebvre,
Reynolds Hole, Merveille de Lyon, Alfred Colomb,
Madame Eugene Verdier, Marie van Houtte, Marie
Rady, and Duchesse de Morny. 2d, Messrs. J. Burrell
& Co., Huntingdon Road Nursery, Cambridge, whose
best flowers were Devienne Lamy, St5nateur Vaisse, Duke
of Teck, Oliver Delhomme, Louis van Houtte, Annie
Wood, Comtesse de Serenye, Bouquet d'Or, Mons, E.
V. Teas, A. K. Williams. L^elia. Alfred Colomb, Dr.
Andry, Marie Finger, Princess Beatrice. Prince Camille
de Rohan, and Louis van Houtte ; 3d, ^Ir. Fretlingham,
nurseryman. Beeston, Notts ; 4th, Nlr. George Prince,
nurseryman, Oxford. There were twelve stands in this
class, and with such a competition it is a pity two or
three extra prizes could not have been awarded. There
was a similar number of competitors in the class for
eighteen varieties, three trusses of each, and here again
Mr. John House, who was showing in good form, was
ist with good examples of Madame Eugene Verdier,
Marie Baumann, Ulrich Brunner, Merveille de Lyon,
Alfred Colomb. Madame Eugene Verdier, Harrison
Weir, Mons. Alfred Dumesnil, Reynolds Hole, Charles
Lefebvre, Marie Verdier, A. K. Williams, Baroness
Rothschild, and Exposition de Brie. 2d. Mr. George
Prince, his leading flowers being Alfred Colomb, Annie
Wood, Comtesse de Nadaillac. Prince Arthur, La
France. Louis van Houtte, Marie Verdier, Mrs. Jowitt,
Anna Olivier, Marie Baumann, Fisher Holmes, A. K.
Williams, and Ulrich Brunner ; 3d, Messrs. T. Burrell
&Co. -^

There were three exhibitors of twelve Teas or
Noisettes, and here Mr. G. Prince was ist with a pretty
lot, consisting of Niphetos, Comtesse de Nadaillac,
Marechal Niel, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir de Madame
Pernet, Amazone, Madame A. Jacquin, Francesca
Kruger, Anna Olivier, Princess of Wales, Innocente
Pirola, and Madame Lambard ; 2d, Mr. John Mattock,
nurseryman, Oxford, with Marie van Houtte, Madame
Welche, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Comtesse Rizadu Pare,
Perle des Jardins. Innocente Pirola, and Devonien-
sis ; 3d, Messrs. George Cooling & Son, nurserymen,
Bath.

In division C, for amateurs, the class on which most
interest was concentrated was that for thirty-six varieties,
single trusses, as in addition to the ist prize of £\ the
winner was entitled to a Silver Cup, value 10 guineas,
given by the Council of the Royal Botanical Society,
Manchester. There were four competitors. The best
stand came from the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Romford,
who staged a very fine lot of full-sized, fresh flowers,
including Marie Baumann, Madame E. Levet, Prince
Arthur, Madame Charles Crapelet, Madame Victor
Verdier, Ulrich Brunner, Camille Bernardin, Harrison
Weir, Marquise de Castellane, A. K. Williams, Louis
van Houtte, Star of Waltham, Annie Wood, Belle
Lyonnaise, Exposition de Brie, Horace Vernet, a splen-
did flower ; May Quennell, Madame C. Wood, Dr.
Andry, Catherine Mermet, a truly marvellous bloom ;
Comte Raimbaud, Duchess of Bedford, Marie Verdier,
Alfred Colomb, Auguste Rigotard, and Duchess of Edin-
burgh. 2d, E. R. Whitwell, Esq.. Darlington, with a
very good lot indeed, consisting of Beauty of Waltham,
very fine ; Baroness Rothschild, Dupuy Jamain, Louis
van Houtte, Etienne Levet, Gt^n^ral Jacqueminot,
Charles Darwin, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, Mr. Laxton,
Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Wellington, J. S. Mill,
Duchess of Connaught, Abel Carriere, Le Havre, La
France, Lord Macaulay, Thomas Mills, and Alfred
Colomb. 3d, T. B. Hall. Esq., Rock Ferry. Class 8
was for twelve varieties, three trusses of each, and here
Mr. E. R. Whitwell was ist. out of three competitors,
staging good blooms of Marie Baumann, Fisher Holmes,
Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Thomas Mills, Due de
Morny, Violette Bruyt^re, Abel Carriere, Baroness Roths-
child, Alfred Colomb. J. S. Mill, Comte Raimbaud, and
Duke of Edinburgh ; 2d, the Rev. J, H. Pemberton,
with good examples of Horace Vernet, Alfred Colomb,
Duke of Wellington, Comtesse d'Oxford, Beauty of
Waltham. A. K. Williams, Duchess of Bedford, Coun-
tess of Rosebery. and Baroness Rothschild ; 3d, T. B.
Hall, Esq., Rock Ferry. There were three competitors
in the class for twelve Teas or Noisettes. Mr. T. B. Hall
coming in ist, with Niphetos. Marie van Houtte, Perle
des Jardins, Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame Margottin,
Madame Lambard, Innocente Pirola. Madame H.
Jamain. Madame Willermoz, Catherine Mermet, Belle
Lyonnaise, and Madame Charles; 2d. the Rev. J. H.
Pemberton, whose leading flowers were Belle Lyonnaise,
Catherine Mermet, Jean Ducher, Comtesse de Nadaillac.
Madame Bravy, Marie van Houtte, Madame Lambard.
and lean Pernet ; 3d, Mr, C. Jennings, Ronion,
Cheshire,

In division D., for amateurs, ^(lose exhibiting ia ;he
previous clEVsses were e.xcluded j ijnd with twer\;>;-fo-jr
Yf\rieties, single trusses, the Hey; J-. Garnelt, C*?.e5ter,.

was ist, with Madame Eugi>ne Verdier, Ferdinand de
Lesseps, Annie Wood, Marie Baumann, Captain Christy,
Marie Rady, Horace Vernet, Marie Verdier, Jean
Soupert, Abel Carriere, ?>anyois Michelon, Madame H.
Jamain, Alfred Colomb, Duke of Edinburgh, Baroness
Rothschild, Thomas Mills (very bright), Louis van
Houtte, and Comtesse de Serenye ; 2d, Mr. W. Boycs,
Mitford, Derby, whose best flowers were Senateur Vaisse,
Baroness Rothschild, Marie Baumann, Charles Lefebvre,
Sir Garnet Wolseley, Duchesse de Caylus, Beauty ot
Waltham, Pierre Notting, Lord Macaulay, A. K. Wil-
liams, Souvenir de Spa, Devienne Lamy, Duchess of
Connaught, and Madame Lacharme ; 3d, Miss Watson
Taylor, Headington, Oxford. In the class for eighteen
varieties, single blooms, Mr. Alfred Tate, Woolton, was
ist, with Etienne Levet. La France, Marie Verdier,
Charles Lefebvre, Victor Verdier, Dr. Andry, Marie
Rady, Charles Darwin, J. S. Mill, John Hopper,
Madame Lacharme, .Sophie Fropot, Emile Hausberg,
Pierre Notting, and Mr. Laxton ; 2d, Mr. S. P. Budd,
Bath, with Pride of Waltham, Duchess of Bedford (very
bright). La France. Comtesse d'Oxford, Fisher Holmes,
Alfred Colomb, Senateur Vaisse, Duchesse de Morny,
Dukeof Edinburgh, Charles Darwin, Heinrirh Schultheis
(a delicate purplish-rose flower, of good form), and
Madame Victor Verdier ; 3d, Mr. W. Boyes. In that
for nine Teas or Noisettes, Miss Watson Taylor was 1st,
with Belle Lyonnaise, Innocente Pirola, Catherine Mer-
met, Madame Willermoz, Madame Wilcke, Souvenir
d'un Ami, Souvenir d'EUse Vardon. Niphetos, and
Comtesse de Nadaillac ; 2d, Mr. A. Evan. Marslon,
Oxford, with Anna Olivier, Madame Welche, Devoniensis,
Souvenir de Madame Pernet, Catherine Mermet,
Souvenir de Paul N^ron, and Marie van Houtte ; 3d,
Mr. A. Tate, Woolton.

Next came Division E., also for amateurs, those who
had competed in the two previous ones being disqualified.
In the class for twelve varieties, Mr. W. Harroway,
Oxford, was the only exhibitor, having Marie Verdier,
Alfred Colomb. A. K. Williams, Madame Gabrielle
Luizet, Maurice Bernardin. Mrs. Jowitt, and Lady Mary
Keith, as his best flowers. In the class for six varieties
there were two competitors, and here the Rev. A.
Cheales, Surrey, was ist, with Comtesse de Serenye,
Marquise de Castellane, Pierre Notting. Beauty of
Waltham. Duke of Connaught, and Madame Th^rese
Levet; 2d, W. E. Hall, Esq.. Higher Bedington, his
best flowers being Emile Hausberg, Charles Darwin,
Baroness Rothschild, and Louis van Houtte. There
were three exhibitors of six Tea and Noisette varieties,
Mr. E. Clayton being ist, with pretty blooms of Alba
rosea, Madame Cusin, Bouquet d'Or, Souvenir d'un
Ami, Madame H. Jamain and Madame A. Jacquin ;
2d. Mr. W. Harroway, Oxford ; 3d, the Rev. A.
Cheales.

Special prizes were offered by Mr. George Prince, of
Oxford, for Tea or Noisette Roses, single trusses, with
blossom-buds and foliage as cut from the tree, to be
shown in an epergne with one centre and three side
cups. This brought three competitors, and made an
interesting exhibit, Mr. Alfred Evans was 1st, Mr. T.
B. Hall 2d, and Miss Watson-Taylor 3d. A good deal
of taste was shown in the arrangements, and what is
wanted is Tea Roses on long stiff stems, so that they can
be shown off to advantage. Mr. Prince himself set up a
charming stand, not for competition, thereby giving a
useful lead to competitors.

In the class for six new Roses, not having been in
commerce previous to 1881, Mr. T. B. Hall was ist,
Ulrich Brunner fils. Masterpiece, Comtesse de Camando,
Pride of Waltham, Mrs. Jowiit, and Etoile de Lyon ;
2d, The Rev. I. H. Pemberton, with White Baroness
Comtesse de Ludre, Mary Paul, Rosierisle Jacobs,
Archduchess Ehzabelh, and Helen Paul.

In the class for twelve new Roses, put into commerce
since 1881, Messrs. Paul & Son were ist, with Fran90is
Levet, Merveille de Lyon, Ulrich Brunner fils, H.
Schultheis, Grandeur of Cheshunt, Queen of Queens,
Dukeof Albany, Lady Sheffield, Comtesse de Paris, Pride
of Waltham, Duchess of Connaught, and Souvenir
de Ann Lee. 2d, Messrs. Geo. Cooling & Son, Bath.
with Merveille de Lyon, Lady Sheffield, Helen Paul.
Queen of Queens, Pride of Waltham, Alfred Dumesnil.
Duchess of Connaught, Madame Mould, Guillaume
Guillemot, and Comte de Flandres. 3d, Messrs. T. & A.
Dickson & Sons, Upton Nurseries, Chester.

In the class for the best twelve blooms of any yellow
Rose, Mr. B. R. Cant was isl, with Marechal Niel ; and
Messrs. Paul & Son 2d, with the same. In that for any
while Rose, Merveille de Lyon was superbly shown, ist
by Mr. B. R. Cant, and 2d by Messrs. Paul & Son ;
Mr. Geo. Prince being 3d, with Innocente Pirola : Helea
Paul was also shown. In that for any crimson Rose»
Mr. H. Frettingham was ist, with Alfred Colomb ; Mr.
Geo. Prince 2d, with the same ;andMr. J. House 3d, with
A. K. Williams: Prince Arthur, Marie Baumann, and
Horace Vernet were also shown. In that for any Rose,
Mr. B. R. Cant was ist, with Alfred Colomb ; Messrs.
R. Mack & Son 2d, with the same ; 3d, The Cranston
Company, with Baroness Rothschild.

The tempting prize of the Gold Medal of the Nationa
Rose Society was offered for the best new seedling Rose
or sport, not yet in commerce: and two were forth-
coming, one as a pale sport from Madame Eugenie Ver-
dier, from Mr. Geo. Swailes, of Beverley, which was
Highly Commended ; and a seedling H.P., a bright
Beauty of Waltham, from Messrs. Paul & Son, but
neither were thought good enough to receive the
medal.

B0X6S of cut blooms of WiUiam Allan Richardson were
shown by Messrs. G. Prince and Paul & Son.

Cut specimens of hardy flowers of a very inter-
esting character were shown by Messrs. Dickson,
Brown, & Ta4t,, and Dickson & Robir-SOO, both Mas-
Chester fir^ls^

122

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 1884.

Caterham Horticultural : July 23. — This was
the sixth annual show of a society that is annually grow-
ing in importance. It is mainly managed by local gar-
deners, and though there appears to be a little difficulty
in raaldng both ends meet, still a small balance accrues
every year. The exhibition for this year was held as
usual in a field attached to the Vicarage, and the exhibits
generally were cliaracterised by a decidedly higher
quality than last year. Messrs. Paul & Son sent from
Clieshunt a charming contribution of cut Roses ; Messrs.
J. Laiug & Co., Begonias and other plants arranged in
pretty groups ; Messrs. )effkins & Co.. of the Wester-
ham Nurseries, cut Roses, plants, and an interesting col-
lection of cut specimens of hardy flowers; and Messrs.
G. R. Woollett & Co., The Nurseries, Caterham, a good
collection of cut Roses.

One of the leading features of the show were the
tuberous-rooted Begonias. Messrs. J. Laing & Co.
offered special prizes for si.\ plants, and lour good collec-
tions were staged, the best winning from Mr. Chnging,
gr. to P. R. Buchanan, Esq., Marden Park; Mr. Caw-
ley being 3d, and two equal 3d pri^^es were awarded. In
the class for three plants Mr. Clinging was again ist,
and Mr. Cawley ad ; all the plants were well grown and
flowered. Mr. Clinging, who is the leading exhibitor at
this show, had the best three greenhouse plants ; Mr.
Brand, gr. to H. Gardener, Esq., being 2d. They were
generally of a common character, but well grown and
flowered. There were some Gloxinias of good quality,
and. Balsams were fairly well grown.

Ferns made a good display ; medium sized plants ol
excellent growth. Mr. Pearnian. gr. to H. Home, Esq.,
had the thiee best, having Davallia Mooreana, and two
excellent Adiantums ; Mr. Brand, came in a good 2d,
with Davallia bullata, D. Mooreana, and Adianlum
Farleyense. The best specimen foliaged plant was a
capital Seaforthia elegans from Mr. Clinging, Mr. Brand
coining 2d with a very good piece of Latania borbonica.
A special prize was offered for four Coleus, which was
won by Mr. VVyatt. with four of the best specimens we
have seen this season. The groups of plants arranged
for effect were a good feature, and Mr. Brand came in a
good ist. Mr. Pearman being 2d, and Mr. Hicks 3d.
Mr. Clinging had the best three Fuchsias, and the best
specimen also.

In the cut flower classes the best twelve Roses were
shown by Mr. Wyalt, Mr. Knight being 2d. They
were nice bright fresh flowers. Mr. Johnson had the
best twelve bunches of cut flowers, Mr. Pearman being
2d. Mr. Wyatt had the best six bunches, and Mr.
Brand 2d. There was a special class for twelve cut
Dahlias, and here some good flowers were shown.

Of fruit there was a good display for the locality. Mr.
Clinging was ist with Black Hamburgh and Buckland
Sweetwater Grapes, Royal George Peaches, and Elruge
Nectarines, making up four dishes. Mr. Pearman was
2d. Mr. Clinging had the best two bunches of Black
Hamburgh Grapes, and also of Foster's Seedling ; Mr.
Coflin was 2d, with Black Hamburgh ; and Mr. Pear-
man with white, staging Foster's Seedling.

There were prizes for table decorations shown by
ladies, and bouquets of wild flowers and grasses from
children. There were plenty of vegetables, Potatos
being very good, and the display made by cottagers was
very satisfactory.

Harpenden — A Wild Flower Show. — As the
very names of Rothamsted and Harpenden have been so
long associated with the science of vegetable life and
experimental research, and the Rothamsted Laboratory
so closely allied with botanical work, it is not surprising
that the study of economic botany is receiving more than
usual attention in the excellent British School in the
village imder the able and spirited master, Mr. J. Hen-
shaw, whose name is not unknown among the usual
amateur competitors at the Crystal Palace Dahlia
Show. On Friday and Saturday of last week the
fifth annual exhibition of wild flowers and grassses
was held in the British Boys' School, and within
the shadow of the famous laboratory of Sir J. B.
Lawes and Dr. J. H. Gilbert, whose patient researches
during the past forty years, have conferred such immense
benefits on all cultivators of the soil, The competitors
were selected Irom the boys in the upper classes of the
school, and were divided mto three divisions, the first
showing fifty species each, the second thirty, and the
third twenty. The exhibits were arranged, as in former
years, in rows of bottles of various sizes, and labelled
with the scientific and common names, the whole bemg
banked up with excellent exotic Ferns, foliage plants,
and Orange trees in lull fruit, kindly lent for the occasion
by Mrs. Warde, Mr. C. R. Fenwick, and Mr. H. T.
Hodson, the tout ensemble being extremely effective,
particularly as the walls of the room were ornamented
with admirably mounted botanical specimens of dried
British plants, the work of Mr. William Deller, a pupil
teacher of the school.

The ist prize, a book, entitled Briiish Birds and their
Haunts, by the Rev. C. A. John, offered by Mrs. Warde.
was won by Henry Rudd, whose collection included
Sedum album (Stonecrop), Cotyledon umbilicus (Penny-
wort), Hypericum pulchrum (Slender St. John's Wort),
Lychnis diuma (Red Campion). Atropa belladonna
(Deadly Nightshade), Ophioglossum vulgatiim (Adder's-
tongue Fern), Lysimachia numraularia (Moneywort),
Campanula glomerata (Clustered Eellflower), C. latifolia
(Giant Bellflower), and Chrysanthemum segetnm
The 2d prize, Flotuers of the Field, also by the
Rev. C. A. John, was taken by John D. Aldridge.
whose specimens included the following plants of
interest ; — Spiriiea I'ilipendula (Dropwort), Echium vul-
gare (Viper's Bugloss), Epipactis palustris, Campanula
Trachelium (Nettle-leaved Bellflower}, Linaria repens
(Pale Toad-flax), and Cichorium intybus (Wild Chicory).

The 1st prize in division B., for thirty specimens, a
book, entitled Wild Flowers Wotth I^oticing, by Mrs.
Lankeater, offered by the kev. G. Henslow, of Drayton
House, Ealing, was secured by Frederick Delier ; the 2d
prize. Dr. M. T. Masters' Botajiy for Beginners, was
awarded to Frederick A. Willis ; and a 3d prize, British
Ferns, was taken by William Prentice. In these collec-
tions we noticed Hypericum AndrosEemum (Tutsan),
Reseda lutea (cut-leaved Mignonette), MeUloius alba
(white Melilot), Buiomus umbeliaius (flowering Rush),
Anthyllis Vulneraria (kidney Vetch, or Lady's Fingers),
Meconopais cambrica (WeLh Yellow P' ppy), Geranium
pratense (Meadow Crane's-bill), Digitalis purpurea var.
alba (white Foxglove), Anthemis lincioria (>eilow Camu-
mile), and Hypericum humitusum (traihng St, John's
Wort).

In the next division, for twenty species, there were
foui prizes, the ist being offered by Miss Fenwick, of
High Firs, Harpenden ; and were severally entitled
Flowers of the Field, Botany /or lie^^mners, Hambles in
Woodland, and Lane and Field. The wmners of these
prizes were George Underwood, Edwin H. Guess. Fred.
Crockford ; Herbert Dawson and Fred. Crawley
equal ^ths.

A very great acquisition was made to the show, as
in former years, by some interesting collections of
hardy herbaceous cut flowers, to which was appro-
priated the class-room of the school. These were
exhibited by Mr. G. W. Sheppard, Garden House,
Wheathamsted ; Mr. |. Henshaw, Harpenden ; Rev.
Dr. Gnflith, Vicar of Sandrid^e ; and Messrs. Paul &
Son, the "Old" Nurseries, Cneshunt, from their new
herbaceous plant nursery at Broxbourne. Mr. Hen-
shaw's collection was certainly excellent, and showed
good cultural skill ; among them we noticed Spiraea
venusla, a lovely deep rosy-carmine flower, produced on
stems about 3 feet high, an extremely useful plant for
cutting, and one that jU lovers ol these flowers shnuld
grow ; Gaillardia grandiflora, a singularly beautilul
species ; Aquilegi^i Skinneri, a red flower, with tips ot the
petals golden-) ellow ; Spirea Filipendula flore-pleno,
composed ol numerous corymbs o( double white flowers
with a slight creamy lin^e— the pretty Fern-like foliage
of this variety is exceedingly attractive ; Gladiolus Col-
villi The Bride, one of the most charming of these beau-
tiful plants ; and Dianthus barbaius plenus, which is a
bouquet in itself. Messrs. f^aul's collection comprised
many rare alpine species, which, quite apart from the
testhetic interest of these plants just now, possessed
qualities well entitling them to notice, and we need
scarcely say that a large number of persons availed
themselves of the opportunity of enjoying such a floral
treat, and in some measure tracing the gradation from
the " wild " to the " cifltivated " varieties.

%\t Mmtljer.

ST A TE OF THE WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON
For the Week Ending Wednesday, July 33, i88^.

Mygrome-

tncal De.

^

Barometer

Temperature oe
THE Air.

ductions

from
Glaisher's

Wind.

Tables 6th

0

Edition

D

■^

Z

1

1

i^

=

bi E

S'S

Z

0

Mean Readin

Reduced to

33- Fahr.

Departure Tro

Average of

18 J ears.

1

to
c

Oi

i2 ..

I
Q

tl II

Mb

ci

July

In.

In. J .

0

In.

17

39.67

-013^72.0

SB'S

'8.5

63 -5

+ 0.8

48. 1

=H

S.W.

o.o8

18

21). 87

+0.07169 .0

52.0

17.0

59-7

- 29

49-3

68]

W. :
WNVV.

0.00

■9

39.97

+ 0.1767. c

49 -5

■7-3

57.8

- 4.7147 -4

69

N.W.

0.00

30

!9 93

+ 0.14 169.5

495

30.0

60.8

- 16

46.0

59{

W. :
N. NW.

0.00

21

29.74

— 0.0469.0

56-5

n.S

61.4

- 0.9

58.3

90

S.

0 30

32

3983

+005 73,0

54. 5

■8.5

63.0

+ 0-7

58.4

83

\V. :
N W

0.03

33

296s

-o.t370.o

58.0

(3 0

63.1

— 0.1

5S.2

78^

W. :
N.W.

0,00

Mean

39.8.

+ 0.02

69.9

''1

■6.5

61.2

— 1.2

51.8

72

W.NW.

0.38

July 17. — Fine and bright generally, few sliKht showers of
rain during the day. Fine clear night.
-- iS. — Fine day, overcast at times. Fine clear night.

— 19. —Fine bright day and night.

— 20. — Fine clear day and night.

— 21. — Dull morning, ram falling. Fine day, heavy rain

between 6 r.M. and 6.30 p.m.

— 22.— Dull day mostly, faint gleams of sunshine. Fine

night.

— 23.— Dull day, slight showers of rain in morning. Fine

night, clear and cloudy alternately.

London : AUnospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 19, the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 29.94 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.85 inches by 3 p.m. on
the I3lh, increased to 29.99 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 14th, decreased to 29.97 inches by 3 I'.m., in-
creased to 29.99 inches by midnight on the same day,
decreased to 29.70 inches by 9 a.m. on the 16th,
increased to 29.83 inches by 9 a.m. on the 17th,
decreased to 29.79 inches by 3 p.m. on the same day,
increased to 30.06 inches by 9 am., and decreased to

30 04 inches by 3 p.m. on the iSth, and was 30. 18
inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
at the level of the sea was 29.94 inches, being o.oS
inch higher than last week, and 0.05 inch below the
averaj^e of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 82°, on the 13th; the
highest on the 19 h was 67°. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 72".

The lowest temperature was 49". 5, on the 19th;
on the 13th the lowest temperature was 58". The
mean of the seven low night temperaiur'-- was 54°. 4.

The greatest range ot temperature in one day was
24°, on ihe 13th ; the smallest was i ;', on the I5lh
and i6th. Tne mean of the seven daily ranges was
17° 6.

The mean temperatures were — on the 13th, 6S°.9 ;
on the 14th, 62 7 ; on the 15th, 63 .1 ; on the i6ih,
6r.9 ; uu ihe I7ih, 03°.5 ; on the i8ih, 59^7; on
the I9ih, 57'. S; ot these the 13th, 14th, I5ih, and
17th were above their averages by 6°. 4, o^.i, o'*.4,
and o^.S ; and the rest were below by o^8, 2".%
and 4'^ 7, respectively.

The hiijhest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened hulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 138', on the ijih. The mean ot the seven read-
ings was 123^2.

{""he lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
wiih its Lulb placed on grass was 41" 5, on the 19th.
The mean of the seven readings wa» 47^5-

Kain. — Rain fell on three days duiing the week,
to the amount of 0.21 inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
July 19 the higtiest temperatures were 83° at
Canibtidge, 82" at Blackheath, 79" at Biighton
and Shctheld ; the highest at Truro ^nd Plymouth
was 70°, and at Sunderland 71*. The general mean
was 75°. 5.

The lowest temperatures in the week were 43'. 7 at
Wolverhampton, AS°-l ^^ Bolton, 46^ at Sunderland ;
the lowest at Plymouth was 53''.8, at Truro and
Brii^hton 52°. The general mean was 48". 7.

The greatest ranges were 36°. 5 at Cambridge,
33^5 at illackheaih, 31° at Sheffield ; the smallest
ranges were 16°. 2 at Plymouth, 18" at Truro, 21°. 5
at Preston. The general mean was 26^8.

The mean of the seven hi^h day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 74°, at Brighton 73^ at Leeds
72 .7 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 6i°.5, at Liverpool
66''.4. and at Sunderland 66", 6. The general mean
was 69". 5.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 57°.5, at Brighton 57^3, at
Truro 56^.4 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
50°.3, at Bolton 5i''.9, at Cambridge 52°.9. The
general mean was 54°.3.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
21°. I, at Wolverhampton ]9°.i, at Nottingham 18* ;
and was least at Plymouih, lo". I, at Truro Il*.3,
at Liverpool I2°.8. The general mean was 15'. 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
^'^'Z^ at Blackheath 62". 5, at Leeds 62°; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 57*'.9, at Sunderland 58",
at Liverpool 58^.2. The i.eneral mean was 6o°.i.

Kain. — The largest fall was 1.59 inch, at Bristol,
1.13 inch at Tturo, 1.12 inch at Plymouth; the
smallest fall was 0.21 inch at Blackheath, 0.24 inch
at Cambridge, 0.27 inch at Leeds. The general
mean fall was 0.60 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing July 19, the highest temperature was 73°.5, at
Aberdeen ; at Greenock the highest was 69". The
general mean was 7i°.4.

The lowest temperature in the week was 42*.$,
at Edinburgh ; at Dundee the lowest temperature was
50°. 5 The general mean was 45". 6.

Tne mean temperature was highest at Leitb,
6o^i, and lowest at (Greenock was sS°.2. The
general mean was 59°. i.

Rain. — The largest fall was 2.65 inches, at
Dundee; and the smallest fall was 0.70 inch, at
Glasgow. The general mean was 1.35 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

The Wild Chicory. ~ Were Cichorium
intybus a rare plant, difHcuU to grow and to propa-
gate, it would no doubt more frequently find a place
in gardens than is the case at present ; nevertheless,
there are few more beautiful plants in the whole series
of exotic perennials. When moved from the road-
sides or chalky banks on which it occurs in a wild
state and transplanted to a garden, where it no longer
has to do battle with the surrounding vegetation, it
assumes a larger size and forms a handsome object in
the herbaceous border. We have seen specimens 7 or
8 feet high, even in very poor sandy soil, literally
covered with beautiful lorquoise-blue flower-heads.
In the herbaceous collection at Kew one of the most
attractive plants now in flower is a specimen as high
as a man. We advise lovers of herbaceous plants who
have not yet tried this native weed to do so.

July 26, 1884

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

123

Variorum.

The Nardoo. — With reference to the Nardoo
(Marsilea), so common in all our swamps, I have
been informed by a gentleman who was at Cooper's
Creek at the time of the death of Burk and Wills,
that (speaking of the aborigines) after the swamps
have dried up they collect the Nardoo in large quan-
tities by kneeling on the ground and scraping it
together. It is then put into a "cogie," or piece of
the sap-wood of a tree, with a hollow knot or protu-
berance which forms a cup-shaped cavity, where it is
freed from earth or other dirt, and then ground in a
quern, which is simply a flat stone slightly hollowed
out in an oblong form. The process of grinding is
performed with a round, smooth boulder, and is
facilitated by the addition of a little water, or if that
is scarce, by a squirt from the mouth, and when it is
reduced to a sticky pulp it is tit for use. Contrary to ■
the general belief, the Nardoo is never converted into
bread by these blacks. In the wet season, when the
Nardoo is not procurable, the blacks derive a good
deal of their support from the seed of a Myrtaceous
tree, which he believes to be a species of Eucalyptus,
and known there by the name of Yellow Box. When
the fruit is nearly ripe a small patch is cleared round
the tree {and confined by branches, to prevent the
fruit from escaping when thrown on the .ground.
When a sufficient quantity has been cut down they
are allowed to remain on the ground till the capsule
bursts and discharges the small seed, which is then
collected into the "cogie," and afterwards manu-
factured like Naidoo. Also from the seeds of a tall
grass (evidently a Panicum), known by the aborigines
as " Pawpa," which is treated in a similar manner to
the YeHow Box seeds. Hats are made from the
stems of this grass simply by sewing them together,
P, A. O'Shancsy on the Flora of Queensland,

Pancratium maritimum.— The Sea Pan-
cratium, or Daffodil, as it is called in old books, is
the only European member of a genus which contains
a number of highly ornamental and rather popular
garden plants. It was introducee to this country
more than a couple of centuries ago, but like a few
other Amaryllids which afifect similar situations it is
difficult to flower under cultivation, A figure ap-
peared in the Botanical Register^ vol. ii., t. i6i,
and it is there stated that the plant drawn was the
only one which the author had either seen or heard
of in this country. In a state of Nature it is found
deeply buried in the sand amongst the rocks on the
sea-shore, and the species occurs all along the coast
of Southern Europe. A plant was in flower lately at
Kew, and its umbel of large, exquisitely fragrant,
handsome white flowers, made one wish they were
more frequently produced.

Answers to Correspondents.

Bees and Peaches : Lithuania. All we can suggest
is the covering of the trees in the daytime with fine
hexagon netting.

Carnations and Picotees : C. M. The Picotees
are distinguished from Carnations by the colour being
distributed solely on the margins of the petals, in
" light " or narrow, or " heavy," that is, broad, edges,
and the rest of the flower pure white. In the Carna-
tion the colour may be "self," flaked, or bizarre, as
the case may be.

Grapes ; H. E. We cannot make out the cause of
your Muscats being in such a sad condition. At first
sight it seemed like a case of scalding, but a closer
examination did not confirm this view.

Insects ; Diss. The little red-necked beetles which
infest your Rhubarb in great numbers, and strip the
common Dock in the hedges, not attacking any other
plant, are the common Chrysomela (Phaedon) poly-
goni. It is very common on Polygonum avicularia.

/. a w.

Kainit : A'. This is a mixture of chloride and sulphate
of potash, and is valuable where the soil is deficient in
potash, and where, as in the case of Vines, that
element is essential. Latterly, however, Mr. Jamieson
has arrived at the conclusion that unless neutralised
in some way the sulphuric acid of such manures as
kainit is injurious to vegetation, as we know chlorine
to be. But agricultural chemists differ, like the
doctors, and while Mr. Jamieson 's opinion as above
cited tends to disparage sulphur, Mr. Lloyd considers
it of high value, at any rate in the case of Hops.
The safest plan is for the gardener or farmer to set
apart a small portion of his ground for experimental
purposes, and determine for himself what is most likely
to suit his purpose.

Names of Plants: D. D. i, Carduus arvensis ; 2,
Mentha arvensis ; 3, Polygonum Persicaria ; 4, Arte-

misia vulgaris ; 5, Stachys Betonica ; 6, Galeopsis
Tetrahit. — £*. P. Dixon. Trifolium alexandrinum. —
Clark Brothers 6* Co. Hypericum pulchrum. —
J. S. b* Co. Spiraea sorbifolia. — J. y. IV. i, next
wetk ; 2, Myrlophylluin spicatum ; 3, Anacharis
Alsinastrum ; 4, Potamogeton prolongus. — C. J. J.
1, Sonchus oleraceus ; 2, Hieracium, not recognised ;
3, Carduus lanceolatus ; 4, Polygonum aviculare ; 5,
Clinopodium vulgaro ; 6, Crepis virens. — J. Earl.
Acer Negundo, Prunus Padus. Tradescantia virginica,
and Stanhopea oculata. Please put numbers in
future. — H. Mason. Euphorbia Lathyris (the Caper
Spurge). — A M. Loniceia Ledebourii. — IC. T. i,
Rhus Cotinus ; 2, Selaginella Martensii ; 3, Adiantum
decorum ; 4, Lastrea patens ; 5, Nephrolepis tuberosa ;
6, Adiantum foraiosum. — G. T. D. P. i, Nephro-
dium moUe ; 2, Microlepia Speluncre, probably, but
not fertile ; 3, Blechnum occidentale ; 4, Asplenium sp. ;
5, Doryopteris palmata ; 6, Nephrolepis davalHoides
fur cans.

Palm Roots : 7. B. M. They have a fleshy tap-root
at first, which becomes of a more fibry character with
age.

Peaches : 7- C. The utter insutliciency of the water
supplied to the plants since March last is qiiite suffi-
cient to account for their turning yellow, as yours have
done. They are starving. Fork the borders over,
mulch with horse-droppings, and give theni a good
soaking of clear water, following this up in a week
with liquid manure and soot-water.

Strawberries: y. Crombie. They arrived in a condi-
tion which precluded all possibility of discovering their
merits.

1^^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Pubhsher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the Post
Office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.

*^^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor " and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obHged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Plants in Pots— Average Wholesale Prices,

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

L. Spath. Kopnickerstrasse, 154, Berlin — Hyacinths
and other Bulbous and Tuberous -rooted Plants,

R. B. Laird & Sons, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh
— Dutch Flowering Bulbs.

Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh— Dutch Flower Roots.

Communications Received :— J. T. E.— C. E. P.— J. C. &
Co.— E. D.— E J.— Messrs. Webb.— W. E. G.— Mr. Nolan.
—Prof. Henriquez.— W. G. S.— M. J. B.— Mr. Rothschild.
— W. F., Isle of Mao (best thanks).-H. E.— D. & Co.—
Messrs. Krelage.— G. N.— H. F. H., Hong Kong.- F. W.
B.— P. L. S.— A. D. W.— G. A. B.— F. S. & Co.-W. H. L.

arkts*

C0VEN7 GARDEN, July 24.

[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in-one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]

The bulk of the soft fruit is now reaching us, and with
heavy supplies prices are lower. Crops generally in
Kent have been good. Peaches in demand at slight
advance. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s,d.
Cherries, 3^-sieve .. 7 0-T2 o
Currants, black, per

J^-sieve . . . . 30-..

— red, J^-Siieve .. 36-40
Figs, per dozen . . 20-30
Grapes, per lb, . . 16-30

s.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case.. 10 o- 14 o
Melons, each . . 26-40

Pine-appIes, Eng.,lb. 20-30
— St.Michaers,each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 04-10
Peaches, per doz. . . 2 0-12 o

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz 30-50

Asparagus, English,
per loo . . . . 4 o- S o

Aubergines, each . . 04- . .

Beans, French, p. 100 16-..

Beet, per doz. . . 10-..

Cabbages, per doz. . . i t>- . .

Carrots, per bun. .. o S- „
— New French, per
bunch . . ..13-..

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 20-30

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen .. ..20-..

Garlic, per lb. ..06-.,

Herbs, per bunch . . 03-04

Potatos. — Old Potatos finished

s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..16-..

— Cos, each , . 02- . .
Marrows, each .. 06- ..
Mint, green, bunch. . 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . , 09- . ,

— Spring, per bun. a 6- . .
Parsley, per bunch., o 9- ..
Peas, Enghsh, quart 16-..
Radishes, per doz, , . 16-.,
Rhubarb, per bund. 04-06
Small saladiog, per

punnet . . ..04-..

Spinach, per strike.. 30-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-,.
Turnips, new, bun. ...08-..

New — Jersey kidneys much

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldt, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vita (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 o-ia o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 4 o- g o
Cockscombs, doz. .. 30-60
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— vindis. per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, v-irious, doz. 13 0-4S o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ,. g 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per doze . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Ficus elasiica. each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..3 o-io o

s. d. s. d.

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 4 o-u o
Heliotrope, doz. .. 40-90
Hydrancea, per doz. 9 o-iS o
— paniclata, do/. 18 0-36 o
Lilium lon^iflonim,

per dozen .. 24 0-36 o
— ■ lancifolium, doz, 9 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen ., ..8 0-18 o

Mignonette, per doz 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
P.ilms in var., each a 6-3 ( o
Pelargoniums (show)

per dozen -. .,6 0-18 o
— scarlet, per doz . . 30-90
Petunias, per dozen 40-90
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 6 o- g o
Spitci^a, per dozen .. 8 o-iz o

Cut Flowers.—,

Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria,i2sprays o
Carnations. 12 bun. 2
Cornftower, 12 bun . 2
Eschschollii3,[2buQ. 2
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . . . 3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

13 bunches .. 6

Heliotropes. 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms.. 1
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Average Wholesale Prices,
d. s. d.

Mie:nonette, 12 bun. i
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. .. o

Pinks, various, 13

bunches .. ..2

Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethurm, 12 bun. 2
RhodLLiithes, iz bun. 6
Roses (indoor), doz. i

— (outdoor), 12 bun. 3

— coloured, doz . 2
Slephanoti-, 12 spr. 2
Stocks. 12 bunches .. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. i
Sweet Sultan,i2 buQ. 2
Tropxolum, 12 bun, i
Tuberoses, per doz.. o
White Jasmine, bun. o

0-40
0-60
9- 1 o
6- I o
o- 6 o
0-40
0-40
0-60

0-60
0-60

0-60
0-30
0-60

d. s. a.
6-60

0- 6 o
o- I 6
0-60
a-i2 o
0-40
0-90

O- D O

0-40
o- 6 G

6- 40
0-60
6-30
6- I 6
6-10

SEEDS.

London : yuly 23. — There was very little doing on
the seed market to-day. Rather more money is asked
for new TrifoHum. But httle attention is devoted to
Trefoil Cosh. The new Rape seed is in fair request,
and shows good quality. White Mustard sells on former
terms. The coming crop of red Clover seed is not well
spoken of. The sale for Canary and Hemp seed is con-
fined to narrow limits. Feeding Linseed is firmer.
^ohn Skazo b' Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday there was but little inquiry
for any kind of grain. English Wheat was in small
supply, and the best samples supported the rates of
Monday week : these only engaged attention. For
foreign Wheats the tendencies were hardly as good as
on the Friday previous, though on the week prices showetl
in some instances 6d. advance for white Wheats. Flour
was dull at late value. Barley was the turn in favour ot
the buyer, and a very slow sale. Smyrna Beans were
ij. lower. Peas unaltered, Maize firmly held, and ■^d.
dearer ; Oats opened with a moderate demand, but on
the day's business the commoner qualities were rather
easier. — On Wednesday the small supply of English
Wheat was held for Monday's rates ; foreign met a
very limited sale without quotable alteration. Barley
was dull of sale. Beans and Peas steady at late rates,
and for Oats prices were in favour of buyers. Maize was
firm but quiet. — Average prices of corn for the week
ending July 19 : — Wheat, 37J. id. ; Barley, 281. <jd.
Oats, 221. lid. For the corresponding period last year:
— Wheat, 421. 2,1. ; Barley, zys. lod. ; Oats, 23J. 2d.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday a good collection
of cattle, as regards quality, met a very slack demand.
Last Monday's prices were hardly obtainable, even for
first quality. There was a good supply of sheep and
lambs, and a slow sale of both. Sheep supported the
previous Monday's value, but not without difficulty.
Lambs in many cases sold for less money. The calf
trade was dull. Quotations : — Beasts, 4s. to 51. 2d., and
5J. ^d. to 5J. 8d. ; calves, 4J. 8d. to 5J. lod. ; sheep,
5^. to 5J. 4.d., and 5^. 6d. to 6j-. 2d. ; lambs, 6s. ^d. to
js. 4d. Thursday's trade was quiet. Beasts sold slowly
and were rather weak. Sheep and lambs were dull, with
a lower tendency ; calves and pigs being quiet.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
trade was very dull, supplies large, and the quotations as
follows : — Prime Clover, 95J.i,to 1151. ; inferior, 6oj. to
75^. ; prime second cut, gos. to 114s. ; best meadow hay,
80s. to 96^. ; inferior, 40s. to 65J. ; and straw, 285. to
40s. per load. On Thursday there was a moderate
supply, and trade was quiet at the above rates. — The
Cumberland Market report states that trade was the
same as last reported, at the following quotations : —
Clover, prime old, looi. to iioj. ; second quality, 80s.
to 95^. ; inferior, 60s. to 70J. ; best meadow hay, old,
80J. to 95^. ; inferior, 60s. to 75J. ; new, soi. to 84s. ;
and straw, 30s. to 38J. per load.

diseased— stopped coming ; Kent kidneys, /^6 to jQS per top.

POTATOS.

The following are the average prices recorded during
the week : — Kidneys, i2cw^. to 140s. ; rounds, iooj. to
120s. ; Early Rose. iooj. to 140J. ; Cherbourg, 130J. per
ton. — The imports into London last week were 10
baskets 57 casks from Boulogne, 1350 cases 820 boxes
from Cherbourg, 2175 packages from Jersey, and 21
packages from Lisbon.

124

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 18

Patent EXCELSIOR Lawn Mower

the Best In the World.

To practically demonstrate its superiority
over all other Machines, the EXCELSIOR
will be shown in actual work every Thursday
and Saturday, on the
Crystal Palace Lawr,
near the steps leading to
the grounds. Gardeners
and Amateurs are invited
to test its cutting powers
on the grass.

OHADBORX &

aJ3. UPPER

Makers : —

COLDWELL MFG. CO.,

THAMES STREET,
LONDON, E.C.

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS,

the Largest Assortment in London at

B. HOLLIDAya SHOW KOOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.
For Price, b'c., see Catalogue,

WATER BARKOWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS,

LAWN MOWERS, &c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORV WIREWORK,

see Special f'ataiogue.

Novelty !
SCHMIDT'S

Patent
HYACINTH
GLASSES,

R e mo V i ng
all difficulty
about cleaning
the glasses and
renewing the
water. Prices
and further de-
scription on ap-
plication.

C. SCHMIDT,
Erfurt,
Germany.

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROVAL HIGHNESS THK PRINCE OF WALES,

15,000 OF THE NOBILITV. GeNTRV, AND ClERGY.

Is extensivelv used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOBK, CONSERVATOKIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR

I Cnvt,, and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S, *

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.C ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUF, BELFAST,

Discount for Cash,

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.

Illustrated CATALOGUE Free on application.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And a, Crooked Lane. King Willi&m Street. London, E.C.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

Tbe Best
gsftaj anil Quickest
Made.

4-iii. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pines, 9 feet long, 4J. 3^/. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6df. each.

Price List on apfilicaiion.

The Original and only Genuine Stevens'
Trentham Riyetted Boileri

All ochers are simply imitations.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High Quality. Largest Stock in the Country.
4-in(h Pines. li. ("d. oer yard.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle,

Staifordslllxe. This Advertisement appears alternate weeks.

Oil Pamt No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
(or Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
(Registered Trade Mark )

^HiiWi;.^

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (ully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i5. td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or ij, 8rf. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Pierce field Park, June 21, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Su^s, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."

CAUT/ON.^Hii.L & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom (or upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and ihe numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
Sireet, Ola^enw ^^_^_^_^_

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

PRACTICAL HORTICULTURAL and HEATING
ENGINEERS, and Manufacturers of Every Class of BUILD-
INGS, MARKET GROWING HOUSES, PLANT and
MELON FRAMES, Krc. from £• ifii. Apply for Pnce LIST.

KGL%SSHOUSES8c«EATiNG>

B-W-WA-MW-RST-

ixHIGHCATfi ROAD , LONDON. N.W^^*^-^

J. BEUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES,
in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CA TALOGUE,
litk Prices. Post-free.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WEIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W H LASCELLES and LO viU give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at lai, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Che.ipside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one wilh a p-irden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any statiOQ
in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free Z2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ., •■ 4 i5 O

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, .| 3 '5 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide. ,, •• . .1 6 10 o

'ihe glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

KOVAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER,

July 26, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

125

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,

REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,

REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of

CURRENT INTEREST,

HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

ALPINE PLANTS.

ARBORETUM— The.

BEDDING PLANTS.

BEES.

BOTANY.

BULBOUS PLANTS.

CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.

CONIFERS.

DISEASES OF PLANTS.

EVERGREENS.

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

FLOWER GARDENS.

Special attention is given to tiie following subjects :

FORCING,

FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.

ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.

PALMS.

PLANTING.

PLEASURE GROUNDS.

POMOLOGY.

POTATOS.— POULTRY.

RHODODENDRONS.

ROCKERIES.

ROSES.

SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.

STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.

SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of.
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY.
VINES.

WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &:c., &c., S:c.

Illustratiom by W. H. FITCH, FL.S, W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;—

ABB AY, Rev

ANDERSON (J.)

ANDRfi(E.). Paris

ANTOINE(F.), Vienna..

ATKINS (J.)

BADEN- POWELL (H)

BADGER (E. W.)

BAINES(T.)

BAKER(G.)

BAKER (J. 0.), F.R.S

BALFOUR (the late Professor) . .

BALL J), F.R.S

BANCROFT (G.). M.D.

BARRON (A F.). Chiswick ..

BEIJERINCK.Dr., Wageoingen

BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone

BENNETT (A W.)

BENNETT (G). M.D.. Sydney

BENTHAM(G.), F.R.S.

BERGMAN (E.). Paris ..

BERKELEV(Rev.M.J.),F.R.S.

BLACKMORE (R. D) ..

BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens

BLOW(r. B.)

BO!SSIER(E.), Geneva

BOSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev. J. T.)

BOULGER(G. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGHT (the late H. A.)
BRITTEN (J.), British Museum
BROWN (N. E ), Kew ..
BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden.

Glasgow
BURBIDGE (F. W.). Botanic

Garden. Dublin
CARUEL (Professor). Florence..
CASPARY (Prof ), Koenigsberf..

CHALLIS(r.)

CLARKE (Col. TREVOK)
CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S.
COBBOLD(T. S.), F.R.S.
COLEMAN (W.). Eastnot Castle
Gardens . .

COOKE (M.C.)

COOM BE K (J ), The Hendre . .
COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) ..
CORREVON (H.). Geneva
COX (J.), Redleaf Gardens
CREWE (the laie Rev. H. H.)..
CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's

Castle Gardens
CROUCHER (J.)
DARWIN (the late CHARLES)

DEAN (A.)

DEAN (R.)

DECAISNE (the late Prof), Paris
DE CANDOLLE (A), Geneva. .
DEH - RAIN (Professor), Paris . .
DOD (Rev. C. W.)
DODWELL(E. S.)
DOUGLAS (J.), Great Gearies,

Ilford

DOWNIE O-). Edinburgh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden . .
DUCHARTRE (Professor), Paris
DUTHIE (J. F.), Saharunpore..
DYER (BERNARD) ..
DYER (Rev. T. F.)
DYER (W. T. T), F.R.S.

EARLEY (W.)

ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) . .

Coffee-leaf Disease.

Orchids.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Garden Botany.

Garden Botany.

Alpine Plants.

Queensland Correspondence

Fruit Culture.

Diseases of Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Vegetable Physiology.

Australian Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Foreign Correspondence.

Diseases of Plants.

Pomology.

Practical Gardening.

Bees.

Garden Plants.

Landscape Gardening.

Vegetable Physiology.

Notes from a Lancashire

Plant Lore. [Ciarden.

Garden Botany.

Orchid Notes.

Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.

Practical Gardening.

Fungi.

Practical Gardening.

Australian Correspondence.

Alpine Plants.

Practical Gardening.

Garden Plant;..

Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Floriculture.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.

Practical Gardening.
Practical (gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.

EICHLER (Professor), Director

Imperial Botanic Garden,

Beriin

ELWES (H. J.)

ENGELMANN (the late G.), St.

Louis
EVERSHED (H.)

EYLES(G.)

FELLOWES (Rev. E) ..
FENZ1(E.), Florence ..
FISH (D. T), Hardwicke

Gardens
FISHER (Rev O)
FITCH (W. H), F.L.S.
FLEMING (the late J.), Cliveden

Gardens
FOSTER (Dr. M.). F.R.S.
FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens

GIBSON (WM.)

GILBERT (J. H.), F.RS. ..
GLA1SHER(J.), F.R.S
GRAY (Prof AS.A). Boston
GREEN (CHARLES) ..
GRIEVE (P), Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HAN BURY (T.), Mentone ..
HART (J), Jamaica
HEER (Professor O.), Zurich ..
HEMSLEY (W. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coirabra
HENSLUW(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K. C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev. F. D.)
HOWARD U- E.), F.R.S.
HLIDiON (J.), Gunnersbury

Gardens
IM THURN (EVERARD),

British Guiana
INGRAM (W.), Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum

JULY (O.Paris

KING (Dr.). Calcutta ..

KNIGHT (H.)

KOLB (MA.X), Munich
KRELAGE(J. H.l, Haariem ..
LANGE (Prof.), Copenhagen ..
LAVALLEE (the late ALPH.),

Paris

LEES (E.), F.L.S

LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden

Baden

LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R. 1), Cambridge

Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN (R.), F.R.S. ..
MACOWAN (Prof.), Cape Town
MANGLES (J. H,), F.L.S. ..

MARIES (C.)

MARTINS (Prof), Montpellier..
MAW (G.), F.L.S. :.

MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin

Gardens

MICHIE (C. Y.), Cullen House,

Banff

MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey

Gardens

MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIRO (Chev.), Lisbon ..
MOORE (F. W.), Glasnevin Bo-
tanic Garden

Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.

Conifers.

Garden Literature.

Landscape Gardening.

Roses.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Roses.

Illustrations.

Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Meteorology.
Garden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology,
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.

Flower Gardening.

Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.

Garden Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Insects.

Colonial Notes.

Rhododendrons.

Japan Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Crocus — Garden Plants.

American Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.

Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.

MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge

MORRIS (D.), Jamaica ..

MUDD (C), South Africa

MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.),
Melbourne

MURTON (H. J.), Siam

NAUDIN(C.), Antibes ..

NELSON (C. J.), Orange Free

Stale Foreign Correspondence.

NESFIELD (the late MARK-
HAM) Landscape Gardening.

NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum.

O'BRIEN (JAMES) .. .. Orchid Culture.

OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

OLIVEIRA ((. D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence.

OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon

Park (gardens Practical Gardening.

ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects.

OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-

sterdam Foreign Correspondence.

PAGET (Sir James)
PAUL (GEO KGE)
PAUL(WM.)
PEAKE(iheUte A. W.)
PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg
PHILIPS (W.)

PLANCHON (Prof ), Montpellier
PL0WR1GHT(C. B.) ..
PRESrO (H.), Trinidad ..
PYNAERT(E ). Ghent ..
KEGEL (E.). St. Petersburg .
REICHENBACH (Professor) .
RIVERS (F.l, Sawbridgeworth.

ROBERTS (J.)

ROBINSON (J. F)
RODIGAS, (E.), Ghent ...

RUST (J.) Practical Gardening.

SARGEANT (C. W.), Boston .. American Correspondence.

SAUL (M.). York Practical Gardening.

SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide Colonial Notes.
SCHUBELER (Prof I.Christiana
SHEPPARD (J), Wolverston

Gardens
SIEMENS (the late Sir W.).

SMITH (A.),' HyeVes
SMITH (W. G.). F.L.S.
SI.1RAUER (Prof), Proskau

Diseases of Plants.

Floriculture.

Floriculture.

Vegetable Chemistry.

Orchids.

Fungi -Plant Diseases.

Foreign Correspondence.

Fungi— Plant Diseases.

Colonial Notes.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.

Orchids.

Fruit Culture.

Practical Gardening.

Bees.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening

Electric Light.
Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations — Fungi.
Diseases of Plants.

SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden Foreign Correspondence.

Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes.
American Correspondence,
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Botany.

SWAN (W.), Fallowfield
SYME (G.), Jamaica
THURBER (G.), New York ..
TIDMARSH, Graham's Town . .
TODARO (Baron). Palermo . .
TRIMEN(H.), Ceylon
WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens . .
WARD (H. W.), Longford Castle

Gardens
WARINGTON (R.)
WATSON (SERENO) ..
WEBSTER O.). Gordon Castle

Gardens Practical Gardeniag.

WEBSTER (A, D) .. .. Forestry.

WEIR (H.), Brenchley .. .. Gardeiung for Amateurs.
WEST WOOD (Professor) .. Insects.

WILDSMITH (W.), Heckfield

Gardens Practical (jardcnine

WILLIS (J. W.), Harpenden .. Chemistry.
WILSON (G. F.), F.K.S., .. Lilies, &c.

WILSON (D.) Practical («rdening.

WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN.St.Petersburg Foreign Conespondence.
With many otiiers.

126

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 26, 1884.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged €is two.

4 Lines

..£0

■\

0

15 Lines

6 „

.. 0

1

6

16 „ .. ..

6 „

.. 0

4

0

17 ,.

7 „

.. 0

6

18 „

8 ,.

.. 0

S

0

19 „

9 „

.. 0

S

6

20

10 „

.. 0

6

0

21 „

11 „

.. 0

6

6

22

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23 ..

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24 ,

14 .,

.. 0

8

0

25

.. ;to 8
o 9
o 9
o 10
o 10

O II

O II

O IZ

O 12

AND SIXPKNCH FOR EVEKV ADDITIONAL LINK.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will he 30J.

Page ^900

Half Page 500

Column . . .. .. .-350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words IS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autliorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, ^s. each insertion.

Adi'crtiseffients for the current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable In advance.

The United Kingdom ; iz Months, £,1 3^, rod. ; 6 Months,

IIS. Jid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

X^i 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. id.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE,

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. La^^ts four times as l^ng as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes :— " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever.''

Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ot

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63. Long Acre, London. W.C.
BoBber'3 Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
'¥"■ suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable andof superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street. Blackfriars, S.E. ; Kmg's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, dec.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by

tsiiL, aoin. by i4in., 20 in. by i6in., 30 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.

and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up

ptirposest in aoo-ft. and soo'ft. cases.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
aoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. Jobn's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.G.

Stock List and Prices on application Quote Chronicle.

TIFFANY and SCRIM for Protecting Fruit
Trees and Greenhouse Shading, from 2rf, per yard.
TANNED NETTING in all widths at wholesale prices.
RUSSIAN MATS of every description at reduced prices, and
RAFFIA FIBRE. Price List on application at

J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London, E.C.

TANNED NETTING

specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide. i%d., and 4 yards wide, 3^. per yard run.
ScrUtn, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from i^id. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

GARDEN NETTING.

6". A. SANDS,

(Successor to J. W. Haythorn,)

MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND
CHISWICK GARDEN NETS.

Warranted to Protect Bloomfrojn Frost, Winds,
Hail, &'c. ; and Fntit from Birds, Wasps, b'c.

Pattern and Prices Free per Post.

Address, S. A. SANDS,

20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM.

INDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-
houses. Protecting Seed-beds, ^c, loo yards {25 inches
wide) for 105., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for
icj., delivered free per Parcels Post. This is a perfectly pure
Cotton Muslin, very useful for Curtains, Blinds, Draperies.
Cream Colour. Postal Order to be sent with each order.
Send stamped envelope for Pattern,

J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.

M O I R'S

HOME-M.\DE

JAMS, SOUPS,

IN WHITE GLASS,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samcles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

The finest Whiskeys we ever tasted." — Coventry Herald.
5 years' old, 35, 6d. per bottle ; ^is. per doz.
7 years' old, 4?, od. ,, ; 485. ,,

[3 years* old, f,s. od. ,, ; 60s. ,,

The finest Scotch I f) I O |_| ^o years' old, 6s. per hot. ;
Whiskey, of same l|i|^|| 721. per doz. Samples and
age. at same prices, i I 1 1 W I I crises, rail free.

JURY'S.;

W. J. JURY,

BELFAST.

WHISKEY.

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample, Irish or Scotch,
or of both, before placing their orders.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. : Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE.— Established i8ro. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large bonuses. Immediate Qettlement of claims.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal-Mr. H. E. Mii.ner, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 f-M- Prospectus and

full particulars on aoplication to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildines, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Comhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

The Sydney Mail

AND

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles )

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription to Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Single Copies, fyd, ; Stamped, -jd.
Publishing OfEce— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London ....... Messrs. Geo. Street& Co., 30, Comhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement s Lane, Lombard

Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186. Strand.

Bristol James & Hem-y Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester,. James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.... Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

1^" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices fof the use of Advertisers.

EVUE de THORTICULTURE BELGE

et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors arc : — A. Allard,
E- Andre, C. Ealtet, T. Buchetet, F. Burveoich, F. Cr6pin,
Comie de Gomer, De Jonce van Ellemeet, O- de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C-
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Vobcem,
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year,
IIS., payable in advance.

Publishing Oftice : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in PurchasinS
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars on application to A. B,, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington .Mreet, Str-and, London, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED, to extend an old-
established Seed and Florist's Business, near London. A
Gentleman's Gardener with about ,£400 preferred. — P. B.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Od'ice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced
GARDENER. Glass House, 50 by 30 leet ; Lawns
and Kitchen Gardens, Wife to look after Cow, Dairy, and
Poultry, or Laundry. Employment can be found for strong
Boy. More than two other children objected to. Steadiness
and cleanliness essential. Near London.— J. K. 190, Messrs.
Deacon's, 154, Leadenhall Street. E.C.

W~ ANTED, as UNDER GARDENER and
LAUNDRESS, a married couple, without family.
Must be well recommended. — Apply, giving full particulars^
with reference, to Mrs. APPLETON. Woodsidc Hall, Preston-
on»Tees, via Darlington.

July 26, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

127

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced
NURSERY FOREMAN, fur the Inside Depaitmei.li
must be well up in Growing young Vines. Stove and Green-
house Plants, &c. — Apply in own handwriting, statingcxperience
and wages required, with copies of testimonials, W, G. CALD-
WELL AND SONS, The Nurseries, Knntsford, Cheshire.

WANTED, a steady persevering man, as
WORKING FOREllAN, withagood knowledge of
Fruit Trees, Roses, Evergreens, and the general routine of a
Provincial Nursery. Must be a successful Buddcr and Grafter.
— Apply, stating age, where last employed, wages e.vpected, to
A. B., Messrs. H. Low & Co., Upper Clapton Nursery. E.

Nursery Foreman Wanted.

WANTED, a WORKING J'OKEMAN, in
a Provincial Nursery. Must be an expert Budder and
Gmfter, with a gixid knowledge of Fruit Trees. Evergreens,
&c., and be competent to execute orders. Character must bear
the strictest investigation. Permanent situatioti to a suit:tble
man. Waees 301. per week.— X. Y., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
152, Houndsditch, London, E.

ANTED, a PROPAGATOR, from a

Nursery, young: and unmarried. One not afraid of
work. Used 10 Postal Trade preferred. — Apply by letter,
giving all particulars, to H.. 33, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.

ANTED, agood ORCHID GROWER^

Apply by letter to J. E.. Bushy Park. Teddlngton.

Rose Grower.

WANTED, in a Nobleman's establishment,
a MAN, to take charge, under the Head Gardener, of
a large Collection of Roses. Must be well acquainted with
their Culiiv.ition. bath under glass and out-of-dours. A single
man preferred. — Address, stating wages required and all par-
ticulais as to experience, to ROSE. James Vciich & Sons,
Royal E.\oiic Nursery. King's Road, Chelsea. P.W.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, in one of the largest Seed Houses
in America, a young MAN, thoroughly competent and
experienced in the Trade, to Receive, Examuie and Store
Seeds in the Warehouse, to put up and Ship Orders, and to
take charge of and attend to the Trial Grounds. A liberal
salary and every encouragement will be given to a first-class
man. — Apply, slating age. experience, and where obtained, to
CHASE BROS.. Seed Merchants Rochester, New York.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of t.vpenence, whose dunes would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Cu^c niers —Full
particulars as to experience, wages required &c., t'> D. E F..
Messrs. HuTst & Son, Seed vierchanis, 159, Houuosditch, E.C.

WANT PLACES.

*»* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Ai^ems, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

Thev arc also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be iinknow?t to them, ■with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston. are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that ihey are constantly receiving
applications fiom Gardeners seeking situations, and thnt
they wiii be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St, John's Nurseries. Worcester.

a C O T C H GARDENERS.

kJ —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £.so to Xio3 per annum, and be will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requirmg any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

ARDENER (Head).— Married, small

family ; skillful Grower of Orchids, Plants, Ferns
Grapes, Peaches. Vegetables, &c. E.xcellent references.—
\V.. Aigburth Nursery, Grassendale, Liverpool.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no

family; thoroughly experienced. Wife can attend to
Lodge Gate, or Assist in House, if required. — F. MOORE
39, Fleet Street, Rose Hill, Derby. '

ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married, one

child.— Mr. Ward. Gardener to Lord Windsor. Hewell
Grange, Bromsgrove, wishes to recommend a thorough practical
man as above to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services
of a thoroughly experienced Gardener— Address as above.

ARDENER (Head); age 28.— wTHrST.

QuiNTiN, Esq., wishes to recommend his Foreman to
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good
Gardener. No single-handed place accepted.— Scampston Hal).
Rilling ton, York.

GARDENER(Head) ;age3o.— Mr.BUTTERS,
of Luton Hoo Park Gardens, Bedfordshire, can with
confidence recommend his Foreman. Mr. W. Bowers, who has
been with him upwards of six years, to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring the services of a good prantical Gardener. Any ques-
tions will be gladly answered on application to the above address.

GARDENER (Head). — Well up in New
Holland Plant:^. Vines, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. :
eleven years' Colonial experience. — E, LANGTON, Faith
Cottages, Plumsiead Common, Kent.

GARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly
competent. Understands his business in all its branches.
Highly recommended.— R. WARREN, Woodfield, Streatham.
London, S.W.

/^ARDENER (He.\d).— No encmnbrance ;

V--* thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Choice
Fruit.<;. Flowers, and Vegetables ; together with the various
duties expected from a good Gardener. Excellent testimonials
as to character and ability. — F. H., 12, Montagu Terrace. Perry
Rise. Forest Hill. S.E.

/^^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble"-

*^ -* man or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly
practical Gardener, whose qua It heat ions are quite reliable
to produce by high-class culture all classes of Fruit, Flowers,
and Vegetables, and who thoroughly understands Orchids,
Stove-plants, both Hard-wooded and Soft-wooded Flowering
Hlants for the Conservatory and Drawing-Room Decoration,
Flower and Kilchen Gardening in the various rotations
and Designs. Bouquet Making, and Dinner-table Decorations,
S:c.— JNO. McNlCOL, Waldecke Cottage, Lyne, near Virginia
Water Station, Cherlsey.

"r^ ARD bTNER (Head Working), where

V^ more are kept.— Age 46, married, no famdy ; manv years*
experience in all branches of Gardening. Understands Stock.
Last employer. W. H. A. Jacobson. 41, Finsbury Square. E.C.

/'^ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG).~Married,

VJI no family ; great experience in Orchids. Forcing Flowers,
and Vegetables. Good testimonials. — G. B., 5, Chiswick
Terrace, Turnham Green. W.

i :j_AKD£NEK (Head WORKING).— Arc 32,

V^ ^ married : thoroughly practical in ail branches. Ei^ht
years good character.- S. B., 16, James' Grove, Commercial
Road, Peckham, S.E.

(^ARDENER (Head Working), where two

V_^ or three are kept.— Age 27, single; thoroughly
experienced in al! branches. First-cIass references.— G. W.,
I, Stafford'^ Place, Exinouth, Devon.

C^ARDENER (Head Working}.— Age 38,

V^ married, two children ; understands Vmes, ^Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen
*.3ioeiiuig. Goud character.— E. C. 2, Flexton Terrace, Rye
Common. Hoddesdon, Herts.

/ :j.ARDENER (He.^d Working) ; age 26.—

^. , C. Felloives. E»q., B\neet Lodge, Weybtidge, can
higlily recommend Arthur Pope to any Lady or Gentleman who
may require the services of a thorou.;hly experienced and trust-
woithy mm, as above— ARTHUR POPE, The Gardens,
Byfleet Lodge. Weybndge, Surrey.

r^ARD ENEr7he.4.d Working).— Age 40,

V^ married ; thoroughly practical man. Seven years with
the Right Hon. Lord Kensington, M P. Will be at liberty
August I. Highest references.— THOMAS EDWARDS The
Gardens. St. Brides, Little Haven R.S.O , S.W.

/ ^ARDENER (Head, where one or more are

V>« kept, or good Single-handed) -Age 25, sinple : under-
stands Vines, Melon-.. Cucumbers, Siove and Gteenhiuse
Plants- One year's good character, four years" previous. —G- A.
COX The Gardens. Hazeibourne. Box Hill, Dorking, Surrey. '

ARDENER (Head, or good Single-

handed).— Age 1!, married, one child ; total abstainer.
Fourteen years' e-vperience in all departments.— A. BON WICK
The Warren. Hever, Edenbrid^e. Kent, *

/^ARDENER (Single-handed, or other-

V--* wise).— Age 27. married, one child ; fourteen years' ex-
perience m all blanches, including Orchids. Four and a half
years good character. — T. F., 26A, Lewis Street, Kentish
Town, London. N W.

GARDENER (SECOND, or Single-handed).
Age 25 ; understands Vines. Peaches, Melons, Cucum-
bers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. One year and nine
months' good character.- C- W., 55, Upper Park Road, Hamp-
stead, N.W.

(TJ.ARDENER (Second), in a large estab-

V-* ment.-No objection to a good Single-handed place.—
A JOHNSON. 47, Yeldham Road, Fulham Palace Road.
Hammersmith, W.

GARDENER (Second, or otherwise).—
Age 23 ; two and a half years' good character. Total
abstainer.- JAMES MARTIN, Foxbush Cottaees, Hilden-
borough, Kent.

/^ARDENER (Under or Single-handed).

^^ — Age 22 : four and a half years' good character. —
W. SHINGLER, i, Broad Street, Warwick.

Q. ARD ENER (Under), in a^good establish-

V>* ment.— Age 23 : nine years' experience. Good reler-
ences. No small placeaccepted.— H. A., 28, MillRoad Haver-
hill, Suffolk.

r^ARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; six years'

V.>* experience. Is leaving from no fault. Total abstainer.
Good character.— E. ETTLES, Siuia Cottage, Lynton, North
Devon.

/^ARDENER (Under), where he' could

VJ improve himself.— Age 20, respectable and industrious ;
total abstainer. Has ah-eady a fair knowledge of Gardening,
but wants to get under a good Gardener.- GEORGE BLACK-
WELL, High Street. Roniford-

FTo the Tra4e.
OREMAN, where Choice Cut Flov/ers and
Decorative Plants are required in quantities Age 37,

married. Thoroughly experienced. Good character from pre-
sent and previous employers.— S. SNOW, York Street, Har-
borne, Birmingham.

'p'OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten

J- _ years' good practical experience in the Propagating and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches
Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references.— A. W., Mmm
Sutioner, Elgin Road, Maida Vale, London, N.W.

"POREMAN, Market or otherwise, where

J- Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Fruit generally are
Grown e.vtensively. — William Bishok, Hemsby, Great Yar-
mouth, can confidently recommend a young man to any one re-
quiring a first-rate man as above. Good Plantsman. Can be
well recommended. — W. BISHOP, Fruit Grower, Hemsby,
Yarmouth.

Tj^OREMAN {General or Indoor).— Mr.

J- Warn, Gardener to P. D. Grinfell, Esq., Hatchland
Park,^ can with every confidence recommend his Foreman to
any Gardener requiring a thoroughly practical energetic man.
Twelve years' experience.— JOSEPH HUMPHREYS, The
Gardens, Hatchland Park, Guildford, Surrey.

"POREMAN PROPAGATOR ^

-*- GROWER in Provincial place. — Age 29; satisfactory
teferences.— J. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Welhneton
Street, Strand, W.C.

P ORE MAN PROPAGATOR and

J- GROWER (Genkhal. Twenty years* experience.—

T. S., 3. Westview Terrace, Eastgate, Peterborough.

TOURNEYMAN (First), Inside or Out, in a

t/ good establishment.— Age 22 ; hve years' good character.
West of England preferred.— T. TULLETT, South Park.
Reigate, Surrey.

T O URNEYMAN (First), in a large plaii^ or

Y FOREMAN where one or two are kept under glass —
Age 25. Good character.— HEAD GARDENER, or WM
MOOKE, Campville, North Shields.

TOURNEYMAN, in a^o'Dd'estabTishraent.—

,,/^V^i° • ,*'^ y '*' SOod practical experience in all branches.
— W. J. SANDERS, Frant Forest. Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 271

Y «"sht years' experience. Two years' good character from
last employer.— S. W., H. Surman, Brixworth, Northampton.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Ho'uses," under ^

Y Foreman.— Age 53 ; seven years' experience. Near
London preferred.— H. J. R., 54, Templar Road, Hackney. E.

TOURNEYMAN^ in the Houses, in a good

'/ establishment.— Age 11 : eight years' good practical expe-
iience ; good reference. -A. FRY, Waverley Abbey, Farnham
Surrey.

TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish-

'9 ment. in the Houses p-eterred.— Age 20; three and a half
yenirs good characrer. — F. H., Mrs. G. S. Gibson, The Gardens
Saffron Waiden, Essex ■

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—

Y I ^e^.'S ; SLX years' good character from present situation.
Bothy or live out.— G. PAGET, The Gardens, Wroxall Abbey.
Warwick.

JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— J. Jefferson,

■J Worksop. Notts, wishes to recommend a yonng man that
has served under him (or the last two and a half years. Indoors
preferred.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Garden.— Age

" 21, strong and active: first ciass recommendations from
v'li ="d previous empioyers.-C. G., Mr. Oiley, Doylesford
Village, Chipping Norton, Oxon.

JOURNEYMAN, in th7Housel7under"good

y Foreman.— Age ig ; five years' experience. Two years'

r apnl^xTfo D ■ '^° ?''-i!<:"<'" «= pay Premium. —HEAD
GARDENER, Bnxworth Hall, Northampton.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Nursery.—

" Age 26, single ; permanent ; in or outdoor. Good
general experience. — G. E. R.. Messrs. Walshaw & Sons.
Wcstwood Nurseries, Scarborough.

JMPROVER, in the Houses in a Gentleman's

-*- Garden.— Age 17; Premium given. Good character.—
G. L., 44. Falcon Grove, Eattersea, S.W.

JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's establish-

-«- nient.— Age 19 ; four yeais' experience. Good references
and character. Bothy preferred.— Mr. MARTIN, Mr Hill
New Road, Walton-oo-Thames. Surrey.

]YJANAGER, in a Branch Business.—

C" 1. J'l'ldle.aged ; has a practical experience in every
branch of the Trade. Good Salesman, Landscape Gardener.
iic- B. J., IS3. Albany Street, N.W. '

Srr^x,. T" '''^ Ssed Trade.

HOPMAN or ASSISTANT. — Age 24 :
ten years' experience in Retail and Wholesale Trade —
A. A. U, 14, Canon Road, Horasey Vale, Loudon. N.

STo the Seed Trade!
HOPMAN (ASSISTANT), in a good Retail
Establishment -Age 21 ; five and a half years' experi-
ence. Place wuh Nursery connection preferred. Can be well
recomniended.-W. B., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, E,

/"^RDER CLERK.— Young ; accustomed to

V-' the work Open to Superintend Cleating-out Orders,
out or indoor. Can take other responsibilities.— 804. Keith &
Co., Edinburgh.

JJANDY MAN, on a Gentleman's Estate!^

J-->- Age 38; competent to do all branches of House and
turniture Repairs, Carpentering. Painting, Papering, Glaaing,
Upholstering, Repairing and Polishing Furniture, &c —A Z
Gardetuys ChronuleOKcc, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.c!

JJOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—

J- '*h«'"i'»"sm and Gout.— These purifying and soothing
remedies demand the earnest attention of all persons liable to
gout, sciatica, or other painful affections of the muscles nerves,
o: joints. The Ointment should be applied after the affected
pans have been patiently fomented with warm water, when it
should be diligently rubbed upon the adjacent skin, unless the
friction should cause pain. Holloway's Pills should be simul-
taneously uken to reduce inflammation and to purify the blood.
This treatment abates the violence, and lessens the frequency of

font, rheumatism, and all spasmodic diseases, which spring from
ereditary predisposition, or from any accidental weakness of
constitution. This Ointment checks the local muchief, the
Pills restore the vitel powers.

128

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

QULY 26, 1884.

The Thames Bank Iron Company.

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes,
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^ik edition, price \s.

ck>id

Medals

Price List on application Free.

ISO special certiiioate, Hot-watep and Hot-alp Apparatus erected Complete, or |

Awarded May 22, 18

the Materials supplied.

CO

P< See Gard€tt£rs' Chronicle, June 7, i88.i,

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, wfiich works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying PubUc or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.

No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. (Gardens &c.

No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 542. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdrauhc and General Engineers' Work for Mansions. Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS. WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

No. 49. G.'^RDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 39,5. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for

Garden use.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

LEAD

fiLAZ

Section of a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Section of a Windotv Sash'Bar before and
after Glazing.

Write tor Prospectua, IllUBtratlom,
and Testimonials.

QROVER &, CO. (Limited), Engineers. &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road. City Road, N.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3id.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradrurv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ot London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Sat urd as*, July a6, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS'

CstaljUsijeti i84i.

No. 553-

•t T X' \' T T ( New

-Vol. XXI 1.^ Series.

} SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1S84.

Registered at the General
I I'ost-office as a Newspaper.

I Price 6d.

I Post-free, s\d.

CONTENTS.

AtriJes Sanuleri.inum ..

A|.ihis and ihe stiTiii, tlic

Alb retiint, ihc . .

Kilbergia PiTl^ana

liogoUi, and how to gel
there

Calamander \v30tl

Carnations and Picolees
in the open ground

CInve, new white Gloire
de Nancy

" Daneliro^ " l^-^ppy

Dfndrobium Hensnno; ..

Dietetics, practical

Ferns, wild

Florists' flowers . .

Flowers in season

Forestry

Forestry exhibition

Fruit ct"Op«, report on the
condition of

Fruits under glass

Garden, Moscow Botanic

Gardeners' Royal Benevo-
lent Institution, the ..

Hatfield House ..

Hollybock d!sea e
Jiidgirg Pi'taios .
ftlascarcnhAsia l.';irnow-

iana
Mr Bull's Orchids
( Hiitnary ..
Oichld notes and plean-

inss
Orchids at St. Alban? ..
Peach, the Alexander .,
Pelargoniiim-;, lvy-ie.ivcJ
Plants and their culiure

,, new garden
Polemonium Richardsoni
Potato crops of 1SS4, the

,, disease . . ..

Propagator, the ,.
Runner Beans
Schi'iol Boards and plai.t

culture

Torenia peduncularis
] Tour, a gardening
Variation : its cause and

effect

1 Violas, bedding . .
! Weather, the

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Cyclopia genistoides

Dendrobium Ben^ona: .. .. .'.

Morina Coultenana . . . .

Wood sections

148
150

I4t)
M5

NOTICE.

T//E

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

for NEXT SATURDAY, August 9,

tvill contain a Special Report of the Great
Show of the Liverpool Horticultural Associa-
tion, to be held in Sefton Park, August 2 and i^,
and of the Exhibition of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society of Southampton, to be held in
H'estwood Park, August 2 and 4.

CRYSTAL PALACE

-A SHOW of BULB i and SPRING FLOWERS will
be held at the Crystal Palitce in 1885. Date to be hereafter
announced . A Liberal Schedule.

MATLOCK
AUGU.ST .
and BOUQUET. Good Prize!

BATH FLOWER SHOW,

An Open Class for FRUIT. ROSES,
"" ' For Schedules apply,

A. CLARK, Hon. Sec.

EOYAL BOTANICAL and HORTI-
CULTURAL SOCIF.TYofMANCHESTER.
NATIONAL CARNATION and PICOTEE SOCIE1VS
EXHIBITION, iniheTown Hall. Manchester, on TU ES HA V.
the 12th inst Exhibitors of other plants and Kiowcis can obtain
information from the undersigned.
Royal Kotanic Gardens. Manche>tM

BRUCE FINDLAV.

MAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.

The .\NNUAL SHOW of FLOWERS, FRUIT,-, and
VEGETABLES will be held in Kidwells Park on THUkS-
DAY, August 14. By kind permission of Col. F. Burnaby, the
Band of the Royal Horse Guards, under the directMn of
Mr. C. Godfrey, will perform until 7 P.M. About zro Prizes,
from 60s. downwards, will be offered ; and too Prizes for
Cottageis' Produce (no Entrance Fees in this Class) Entries
close August 7, except for Cottagers, who can enter up 10
August 9 Admission. Non. subscribers, 2s. 6a. from i until
half-past 3 o'clock ; and zs. from half-past 3 until 6 o'clock ;
after 6 o'clock, 6d. Tickets may be had of Mr. DURRANT,
Treasurer; and Mr. BURNHAM, the Librarj-. Schedules
and Rules may be had of ,, ^ t-tm/-, c-

Ray Park Cottage, Maidenhead. ^''- "' '^INO, Sec.

WARWICKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A GRAND HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION will be
held on thehhow Ground at .Stratford-on-Avon. on TUfi^SDAY
and WEDNESDAY, September 2 and 3. Open to all England.
Kntries close Monday, August _ i8. Schedule of Premiums,
Forms of Entry, and all infoimation can be had from

Stratford-on-Avon.

Mr. A. M. COX, Local Secretary,

HUDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
The FIRST EXHiniTION will be held in the Town Hall,
Huddersfield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November 14
and 15. Schedules and Entry Foims are now leady, and may
be had on application to
Marsh, Huddersfield.

Mr. JOHN BELL, Hon. Sec.
1885 I rVRAND FLORAL FETE, YOKK,

■ I VJ JUNE :7, 18, - . - . >

s

For Present Sowing.
UTTON'S FLOKISTb' FLOWER

SEEDS, post-free.

O UTTON'S CALCEOLARIA. The Best.

O " Some plants from your Culceolnria seed took lirst priz*
here last week. 1 never saw auylhini; to equal thtm."~Sir A.
Ramshv, May 22, 1884.

Price. 2J. 6rf. and 51. per Packet, post-free.

SUTTON'S CINERARIA. The Best.

" We have a most splendid display of Cinerarias from
your strain ; as many as 345 blooms on one plant, some 2j{ inches
across, and all perfect in shape."— Mr. J. Watton, Aiarck 70,
1884, Price, 2S. 6ti. and $s. per Packet, post-free.

SUTTON'S PRIMULA. The Best.

"The sirain of Primula you sent me is the best I have
ever seen."— Mr. S. Pearck, December 13, 18S3.

Price, 2J. 6ti., 31. 6d., and 5^. per Packet, post-free.

s

UTTON'S BEGONIA. The Best.

Your prize Begonia was superb," — Mr. G. Coophr.
Price, ■2S. 61/. and 5J. per Packet, post-free.

UTTON'S GLOXINIA. The Best.

"The Gloxinia seed germinated finely, and I never had
such magnificent flowers." — Mr. Jno. Marshall.

Price, Qs, td. and 5J. per Packet, posl-fiee.

s

u

T T O N AND

THE Queen's Seedsmen,

SONS

■READING, BERKS.

in January next.

nd 19. Schedules ready early
JOHN WILSON, Secretary.

NEW AUTUMN TRADE LIST
of BULBS, including Narcissus, Liliei^, Snowdrops,
Chiouodoxa Lucilice. Freesias. Lily of the Valley, and a large
Collection of Miscellaneous Bulbs and Tubers, is now ready,
free on application to
TH03. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery. Tottenham. London.

PRIMULAS. — PRIMULAS. —
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for poiting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, is 6d. per dozen, los, per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery. Altiincham.

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New (1884) and
Old English and Foreign sorts, from i8j. to 36^. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Worcester.

TEA ROSES. — Fine plants, in 4S's, price
45f. per 101. BOUVARDiAS, bushy, in ^b's, incmding
A. Neuner and President Garfield, &c., 401. per ico.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.

Strawberry Plants (Runners)

HORMbBY can now supply the above in
• strong plants. All the best Market, Kent, varieties lu
any quantity. Price on application.

Swanley, Kent.

LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
are strong, healihy. and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties wiih Pnces on application.
" A Book about Strawberries,*" yf.
W. LOVEL AND SUN, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4J. per
100. Plants, in small pots, i6f. per loo ; ditto, in large
pots, 251. per 100. Descriptive I. IS I' free.

RICHARD SMITH and CU., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Strawberries.

OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of
the most approved varieties is now ready, and will be
sent post-free on application.

THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworlh, Herts.

QU E LC H AND B ARN H AM,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBEKRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

a Q U E LC H AND B A r"n H A M,

^^ giving personal attention to ail consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM.
ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C , is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden, W.C, have special facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES, LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

LAPAGERIA ALBA for SALE.— An extr.i
large ."Specimen Pl^nt, m roiiust healtli, making sir.mg
vigorous Rrowili':, C to 7 feet line — <n a lub. Has 3 > strong
giowihs from ihe r.n t If p auietl out wtu d covur a v. ry laf^e
rn-)f. Price nn v.pplicati.Tii 10
'i". C.ANDbUSON.TheGardens. MilnfrFielJ, Rii.c'ey. Voik-.

UR l^ADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,

just issued, contain all tl\e North Anieiican Lilies, Raie
Kiilbs and Plants, Calnchorti. Fritillarias, Henchera niicraniha,
(^c, Ferns atidCypripedia, to be delivered next autumn, toordei,
at iinprecedentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratuiii, Japanese
Bulbs, MapleF, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
N EW PLANT AND nULU COM PAN Y, Lion Walk. Clche^ter.

K

Tj'IOR SALE, 22 large bushy GARDENIA
JL PLANT.S, also some CUCHARIS. No mealy-bug on
the place — W. G HAZEI.L, The Vineries, Nightingale
Road, Wood Green, Middlesex, N.

P" '^TW\yLA C A S H M I K I A N a'.

For Young Plants, write to
F. H. DAMMANN, Gc-ht;, Germany.

\^ HEINEMANN, Gardener to the Trade,

L • Ballefstadt, Germany.

SEED GROWING A SPECIALITY.
PHLOX DRUMMONDII NANA COMPACTA, in 15

varieties, ijicludnig two novelties, choice, of 1883
VERBENA, HYBRIDA ORANDIFLORA, assotted.

NARCISSUS POETICUS (Pheasant-eyed),
Zs per bushel. 5r. per half bushel, ^s. per peck tiee on
rail for cash.— R. FARRaNCE, Chadwell Heath, Essex.

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free ot

KELWAY andSdN, Langpon.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.

BUDUENBuRG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hitlegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current ol Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on applicrtion.

A"~Trs"TRALI AN FERN TREES
(BALANTIUM ANTARCTICUM)
Orders for next spring will be promptly attended to.
Price, los. per foot under 5 feet high, 125. 6d. per foot over 5 feet
high, free to London,
They are the sime as at the Crystal Palace Shows.
WM. T. SCHOENING, G.P.O.. Melbourne, Australia.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purph) for Climbing and
Bedding, trom i-zs. to 245, per dozen, strong plants. Uescriptive
LliST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserj-men and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, Lilies. &c.

CO. VAN TUBEkGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
© Holland. Wholesale CATALOGlJE i:OW reaJy, ai.ii
may be had free, on application to

Messrs. R, SILBKKKaD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Criiiched Friar-;. London, EC.

A

S

l>affodll. DafTadllly, UaitodowiiallllGs.
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more

than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on apolicalion.
BARR AND SON. 12. King .Street, Covent Garden, W C.

TEPHANOTIS, for Sale, in Tub, covering
over I . o square feet of roof — free flowering variety.
W. NICOLL, Lower Merton, Surrey.

OR SALE7 24 fine Specimen AZALEAS,
2 to 5 feet high, in fine health and well set. For par-
ticulars apply to
IKELAND AND THOMSON, so. Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

To Gardeners and Others.
pHOICE FRUIT TREES in Pots, for Sale,

yj comprising 23 PEACH. 6 NECTARINE, and 7 FIG.
Healthy and in lull beating. Must be sold ; no reasonable offer
refused. Apply to

Mr. JOHN LEES, Auctioneer, Reigate.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS* Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

UGfiNE VERVAET DE VOS, Indian

Azalea Nursery, Swynserde, near Ghent, Eelgium, is
now issuing his English Autumn CATALOGUE, which will be
forwarded free on application —

Offering 120,0^0 INDIAN AZALEAS, 80 oco AZALEA
MOLLIS, many thousand STOVE and other GREENHOUSE
PLANTS— all of the Growers' Culture and at the Growers' Prices.
An inspecticn is respectfully solicited.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, is. fii/. each ; L, Wailichianum, ax. 6d.
and -^s. 6d. each ; L. polyphyllum. af. Cd. and 3s. td. each.

■J he usual allowance to the Trade. All Orders for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December,
FRANK GRIFFITH, Koiagin. Nilgiiis, India.

I30

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 18S4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Wednesday Next -(Sale No. 6698.)
CATTLEYA SKINNERI ; eigantic planl.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
August 6, an enormous specimen of CATTLEYA SKINNERL
being one of the largest ever brought to this country, measuring
no less than 20 feet in circumference, and about 7 feet across.
It was seen in flower by Collector, who describes it as a fine
dark variety, and dried flowers will be on view at time of Sale ;
also two plants of LYCASTE SKINNERI ALBA, found by
Collector in flower, and brought over under his especial charge
in a semi-established condition ; loo plants of CATTLEYA
DOWIANA, and a quantity of L/ELIA PURPURATA. and
other BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-<Sale No. 66q8.)
BURMESE ORCHIDS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 6,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of Inpnrted Plants
of DENDROBIUM TORTILE, D. FORMOSUM GIGAN-
TEUM (true), D. EBURNEUM. D. DALHOUSIANUM,
D. VEITCHIANUM, D. ALBO SANGUINEUM ;
PLEIONEREICHENEACHL\NA.Ca:L()GYNE SCHIL-
LERIANA, SACCOLABIUM GUTCATUM, S. CURVl-
FOLIUM. S. AMPULLACEUM MOULMEINENSE ;
AERIDES LOBBII, A. AFFINE ROSEUM, &c.
On view morning ot Sale, and Catalogues had.

Lsellopsls Domlngensls.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent CJarden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 6, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, twelve good plants of the handsome
L/ELIOPSIS DOMINGENSIS. This Orchid is extremely
rare, only a few plants are known to exist.

On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6699.)
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth.
Carder & Co., oil THURSDAY NEXT, August 7, at hall-past
12 o'clock precisely, a grand importation of CATTLEYA
MENDELI, C. GIGAS, C CITRINA; CHYSIS AUREA,
LTELIA ANCRPS, EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MA-
JUS, PINGUICULA CAUDATA, ODONTOGLOSSUM
CRISPUM (Alexandrtc), all in the finest condition, and un-
usually fine masses : MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA(Crossii),
Estabhshed Plants, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs— Trade Sale.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his FIRST SALE of DUTCH BULBS for this
season will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 13, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, and will comprise 800 lots of valuable
Bulbs from well-known Farms m Holland, lotted to suit the
Trade and other Large Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.

MR. J. C STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will
take place on WEDNESDAY, August 13, Gentlemen desirous
of entering plants for this Sale will please send particulars of
same not later than Thursday next. August 7.

Auction Rooms and (JtTices, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Cyprlpedlum nlveum, grand spotted variety.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, by order of Mr F. Sander, on THURSDAY,
August 14, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a splendid
importation of a beautiful spotted form of (JYPRIPEDIUM
NIVEUM, This variety has been sent home as Sadfroyanum,
but cannot be warranted : every plant, however, was seen by
Collector in flower, and is like drawing, sepals, petals, and lip
being densely covered with spots. Also a lot of a beautiful white
variety of NIVEUM, flowers very large and bold.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Peterborough House, Fulham, S.W.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the Executor of the late W. Terry, Esq.,
to offer for SALE by AUCTION, on the Premises as above,
on FRIDAY. August 15, at half-past 12 o"Ctock precisely, the
COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising
a fine plant of Cattleya gigas, with 4 leads ; Anguloa Ruclten,
Angraicum sesquipedale, with 5 leads ; A'-rides larpentre, Den-
drobium HilUii, Vanda teres, Leelia superbiens, Miltonia
spectabilis, Odontoglnssum biclonense, &c.: also a small
COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including a nice specimen of TabernEemontana camassa, large
plant of Stephanotis floribunda, Croions of sorts, Pancra-
tiums, &c.

May be viewed day prior and morning of Sale, and Cata-
logues had on the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS,
Horticultural Auctioneer and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C.

Stamford Hill. N.-Tliursday Next.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of PLANTS, GREEN-
HOUSES. 12 valuable HORSES, COWS, IRON
FENCING, &c., by order of J. S. Bockett, Esq.. who is
removing in consequence of the Estate being at once
required for Building Purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Hall, Stamford Hill. N. (between Stoke
Newington and Stamford Hill Stations), on THURSDAY
NEXl', August 7, at 12 o'Clock precisely, in consequence of
the large number of lots, the whole of the well grown STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, specimen Azaleas and
Camellias, Orchids in variety, the erections of 5 GREEN-
HOUSES, Slate STAGING, BRICKWORK, acoo feet of
Vinch Hot-water PIPING, FRAMES, POTS, 3 Milch COWS,
12 valuable HORSES (the whole of which are the property of
Mr. Bockett, and are well known in the neighbourhood),
60 Head POULTRY, 20 Store PIGS. 2000 feet of Iron
FENCING, and numerous effects.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. H.
EBBAGE, the Gardener on the Premises, and of the Auc-
toneers and Valuers, 67 and C3, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Friday Next.

AERIDES SANDERIANUM, Rchb.f .

Grand Novelty.

Professor Rfkhenbach writes:— "This is, no doubt, a grand
Acrides, just imported by Mr. F. Sander,, who knew it
half a year since, from sketches in water-colours, sem, I
believe, from Eastern Tropical Asia, where it lurks in an
obscure valley, not much trodden, as it would appear, by
Europeans. The plant at hand is very vigorous, and its
features are short and broad leaves, with two rctuse lobes
at end. The inflorescences are very numerous and long,
and very lloriJ in the plant before me. and the flowers
match any flowers of the odoratum section in extent. A
sketch shows sepals and petals while with purple ends.
The great lip is represented yellow, with green end ol spur,
and a remarkably fine purple mid-lacinia. By this, as well
as the long spur and the equal, not paiidurate mid-lacinia,
it is distinct frpm the much similar grand Aecides Law-
renceas. It is named after Mr. Sander, who_ has been very
lucky in importing curious and rich Acrides."

AERIDES SANDERIANUM produces flowers fully as large
as Lawrencea;. from which it varies by the lip being yellow
and longer. It is one of the very finest novelties we have
had the pleasure to introduce. The importation is in superb
order, it is very rare, aod every plant is ofl"ered.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL
the above extra line lot on FRIDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C. Also superb importations of ODONTO-
GLOSSUMS, CATTLEVAS. &c.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had of the Auctioneers,

67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C.

Dutch Bulbs.— Special Trade Sales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
beg to announce that they have now fixed their SALES
of DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS for the coming season. The
FIRST AUCTION will take place on MONDAY, August i8.
This and the three following Sales will consist of lots specially
to suit the Trade and other extensive Buyers, and arrange-
ments have been made for the supply of Roots of the best
quality. ,. -

Catalogues will be sent regularly on application.

Valuable Freehold Residences. Nursery, and BuUa-

iog Land in Maghull. Lancashire.

MR. W. G. IDLE will SELL by AUC-
TION, at the " GREAT MOGUL INN," MAG-
HULL, on TUESDAY, August 19. at half-past 6 o'Clock in the
Evening prompt, subject to conditions of sale, all that FREE-
HOLD ESTATE, situate in Maghull, in the County of Lan-
caster, nearly opposite Mr. Cookson's, and fronting the Liver-
pool and Preston turnpike-road, consisting of two large SEMI-
DETACHED MESSUAGES or DWELLING-HOUSES,
with Shrubberies and Gardens to the front thereof, approached
from the road by convenient carriage drives, and with the usual
outbuildings thereto. Also a large PLOT of LAND appertain-
ing and adjoining to the left-hand side house, and nearest to
Maghull Station, laid out as a NURSERY, with the Green-
house, Cucumber-house, Frames, and other Buildings thereon
erected, and having a south wall 465 feet 6 inches in extent,
together with an extensive Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind.
and appertaining to the other residence, and together also with
a CROFT or PARCEL of LAND adjoining the last mentioned
residence. The whole property has a frontage to the said turn-
pike-road of 828 feet, and contains in the whole 4a. ar. 5p.
inli yds., statute measure, or thereabouts.

The MESSUAGE on the right-hand or Liverpool side, with
the Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind the same, and the said
Croft or Parcel of Land, are in the tenancy of Mr. Charles
Parr the other Messuage first described in that of Mr. Good-
man,' and the said Nursery, Hothouses. &c., are m the occupa-
tion of Mr. J. D. Ellison. , , „.

The HOTHOUSES consist of a span-roofed Vinery and
Plant-house, 240 feet long by 20 feet wide, in eight sections,
separately heated ; a span-roofed Cucumber-house. 240 feet
long by 10 feet wide, in two sections, separately heated ; also
Frames 100 feet long, also heated ; with a Water Tank, Store-
house, and Potting iJheds. The heating is performed by two
large Treniham Boilers. ^ , r ,

It not sold as an entirety, the property will be offered for sale
in the following lots ; — _

Lot i.-Thl MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE on
the left-hand side and nearest to Maghull Station, with the
Nursery, Holh'^uses, and other Appurtenances as above men-
tioned. This lot has a frontage of 334 feet, and contains
2a 2r, 4D. 6vds. in the whole.

Lot 2. -The MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE on
the right-hand or Liverpool side, with the larye Vegetable and
Fruit Garden, and a portion of the Croft added as marked out.
Frontage 104 feet. I'otal contents, sr. gp. 24yds „_^„„

Lot 3.— The remainder or greater portion of the CROFT as
marked out, containing la. or, 31P. 18yds. in the whole, and
having a frontage of 390 feet. This lot is exceedingly adapted
for building purposes. at v u

This estate is a quarter of an hours walk from Maghull
Station, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, and half a
mile disUnt from the new station on the Soulhport and Cheshire
Lines Extension Railway, which opens up a direct communica-
tion with Southport. and a thorough -communication with Man-
chester. A plan may be inspected at the Solicitors' Offices.

For further particulars apply to the Auctioneer, at his
Offices Derby Street. Ormskirk ; or to BRIGHOUSE, BRIG-
HOUSE AND JONES, Solicitors, Ormskirk and Southport.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-established BUSINESS (of
over 150 years and only changed hands three times) of a
NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, and FLORIST, carried on
for many years past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurseries, Merrlott. near Crewkerne, and at Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse, Princes Street, Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comprise 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coriiferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and well stocked Greenhouses, &c. ^

The Residence, Ollices, Stabling, Managers Villa, and
Cottages, and a portion of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well stocked, and is provided
with newly erected and conveniently-fitted Greenhouses, and
other Erections adapted for the business. These Premises may
also be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The age and stale of health of the Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will he prepared to Sell on advantageous terms.

The Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately if so
desired, or the whole aflair in its entirety, which would in the
latter case afford an excellent opportunity for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT. Royal Nurseries, Merriott ; or, to Messrs.
SPARKS ANii BLAKE, Solicitors, Crewkerne.— June, 1884.

Sunbury. Middlesex.

IMPORTANT and DESIRABLE PROPERTY. A rare

opportunity. Must be sold to Close the Estate.

"POR SALE, the valuable FREEHOLD

-L EST ATE known as Osborn's Nursery, comprising
17 Acres of Land, which for the Growth of Fruit Tree?, Rose^
and General Nursery Stock is unsurpassed. There are alsu
several recently built Glass Erections, with Packing and Pot-
ting-sheds, &c., which cost about ^3000 to put up.

Ihe whole of the commanding and extensive frontage to the
road could he easily utilised for building without detriment to
the other portion for Nursery purposes.

Full particulars of the above may be obtained, and ofTers
made, through Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers, 67 and 6 8, Cheapside, London, E.C

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a NURSERY,
SEED, and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, doing u
first-class trade in one of the best manufacturing disliicts in ihe
Northof England, consisting of Pinery. 3 large Vineries, 2 Peach-
houses, and the following houses, all separate : — Camellia and
Lapageria. Eucharis. Melon, Rose, and Show; with Seedshop,
Pits and Frames. Stable, Packing Sheds, and a good Dwelling-
house, all well fitted up, in good repair, and first-class working
order, well stocked with Plants. All freehold property, staudinii
on an acre of ground. Satisfactory reason given for owners'
selling. For particulars apply to

HURST AND SON. 152, Houndsditch. London. E.

NURSERY (Old-Established), about 6 miles
from Covent Garden, comjrising wetl-built lo-roomed
House, 4 Acies of Land. 6 Span-roof Greenhouses, well heated
with hot water, for growing Cucumbers and choice Cut Flowers.
The whole held for 73 years at the low Ground Rent of Z35 pt^r
annum. Good water supply indoors and out. The I'lade is
wholesale, but there is an excellent opportunity of adding ihe
Retail and Jobbing Trade.

Apply to S. MUGGERIDGE, Land Agent, 8. Duke Street
Adelphi, W.C.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens. Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
TURAL, Market GarciEN and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

fTi MILLINGTON and CO., English

i • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, Whits
Lead, Millbd Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, £.

SCOTTISH SEED and NURSERY
TRADE ASSOCIATION.

PRIZE ESSAYS.— This Association ofTers a First Prize ol
Seven Guineas, and a Second Prize of Three Guineas, for an
Essay on " The best and most economical system for the
afforestation of waste and otherwise unprofitable lands in the
United Kingdom,"

Further particulars may be had from the Secretary, Mr.
DAVID HUNTER, S.S.C , 29. Dundas Street, Edinburgh,
with whom the Essays must be lodged on or before Dec. i next,

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, BOUVAR-
DIASDAZZLER, QUEEN of ROSES, and LONGI-
FLORA FLAMMEA, all very strong, in thumbs. 205. per lou
for cash. Also MAR CHAL NIEL ROSES, strong well fur-
nished plants, in 6-inch pots, 31. f>d. each, 36.S. per dozen.
ROBERTS BROS, and ARNOLD, East Gnnstead.

To tne Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nurserymen,
• Seedsmen, and Florists. Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) o( Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous^ rooted Plants fur
1884 and 1885, is now ready, and may he had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florisf;. The
Catalogue, although giving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 paces 8vo, in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the niost complete sent out for this speciality. 'I'he
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

The Earliest and Best Strawberries in the World !

LAXTON'S "KING of the EARLIES''—
the earliest; and THE CAPTAIN,
a true large Perpetual.
Growers who desire to secure Early Runners or even Plants
at all, should apply at once for particulars, as the stocks are
being taken up for Market purposes. Coloured Plate 6rf.
T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

ARCISSUS INCOMPARABILIS

GIGANTEUS. " SIR WATKIN "
A splendid new variety, eclipsing all others. Received First-
class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, under
name of " James Dickson." Price 35. td each, -^bs. per dozen,
250s. per 100. Coloured Plate free to intending purchasers.
For full particulars see large Advertisement in Gardeners*
Chronicle of July 5.

JAMES DICKSON and SONS. *' Newlon " Nurseries,
Chester.

TllE EXECUTORS of the late B. Mallkr
beg to offer to the Trade a very extensive and extra
well grown stock of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties),
EPACRIS. SOLANUMS. GEN ISTAS, CYCLAMENS,
BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM and other
FERNS. GREVILLEAS, ViNES (in pots). &c. An inspec-
tion is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on applica-
tion.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 16.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee.

FFERED FOR EARLY ORDERS : —

HELLEHORUS NIGER, line stronc Plant";. 521. per
1000. StronK Tubers of CYCLAMKN EUROP.KUM, 481.
per 1000 : Sm.iUer Tubers, 28s. per 1000. NARCISSUS
POETICUS, 28J. per 1000. LII.IUM MARTAGON, f.oj.
per 1000. CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS, i6oi. per icoo.
VERATRUM ALUUM, got. per 1000. Seed of HEI.LK-
BORUS NIGER, 24^. per kilogramme. A sample of the most
popul.ir .and beautifiil Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
properly addressed, from
CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, Alllengbach, Lower Austria.

O

August 2, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-.

131

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN AND SONS
offer their choice strain of the .ibove Intetniediate Stocks
in five colours. Scarlet, Purple, White. Crimson, and Snow-
whiie, wall-leaved, in packets, i^., 2^. 6*/., and 55. each colour.
Price to the Trade on application.
^^^^^ 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

LEXIS DALLIERE'S Nurseiy,

Ghent, Belgium,
Oreat Culture of A/CALEA INDICA, AZALEA MOLLIS.
CAMELLIAS and RHODENDRONS in Bud. Nurserymen
reL]uirinc tliese Plants by hundreds or in larger quantities, are
requested to send their orders as early as possible. A. D. will
not be able to guarantee the execution of late orders.

I mmcnse numbers of the followmg Palms, &c. , are also
ciiltivaicd in this est.iblishment, viz., Areca lutesccns, Latania
borbonica, Phtt.'ni.\ reclinala, Phicnix tenuis, Seaforthiaelegans,
Piychospeinia Alexandra. Aspidistra fol. van, Dracaena lermi-
nalis. Drac;i;na indivisa, Spira:a japonica, Crotons, Ficus, Iko-
meliads. Ferns, Orchids, Re-
prices and dimensions sent nn application, as also the General
CATALOGUE of the Establishment.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS beg
to call the attention of the Trade to their first of Annual
Sales of ERICAS, of all the leaduiK varieties for winter and
spring blooming; also large quantities of SOLANUM and
CYTlSSUSj which wUl be otTered early in September, of which
due notice will be given. Inspection invited.

Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent.

MR. CHARLES AYRES,

Cape Seedsman and Florist,

CAPE TOWN, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE,

has now issued a

REVISED AND COMPREHENSIVE PRICE LIST OF
CAPE BULBS AND EVERLASTING FLOWERS,

wliicli may be had post-free on applicition to his London Agent,

Mr. J. CRANMER, 27, Clements Lane, London, E C,

to whom all Orders for the New Crop should be sent as eaily as
possible.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every Dart of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. ' CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GHEENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

Catalogues and lists post-free on appHcatuni.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that THF. very bf'^t.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smalle.st to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed

ID all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &;c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in aiiy Part qftJie Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS, &c.

S|u

■300

I I

.2- U

•o —

Cd

r
5

HOT -WATER APPAKATUS for WAXMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BDILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HABNESS ROOUS, DRYING ROOUS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERT DESCRIPTION.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SUTTON & SONS

having just received, in fine condition, their
first consignment of

Roman Hyacinths and Early Narcissus,

nre prepared to execute Orders at the
following prices ; —

Single White Roman
Hyaclutlis

Paper White Narcissus

Per doi!.
33.

is. 9d.

Per 100.
21s.

128. 6d.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING,

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT nSRE REFUSE.

Hd. per bushel ; loo for 25J. ; truck (loose, about a tons),
40i. ; 4-busheI bags. Ad. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6rf. per sack ;
S sacks, 25J. ; sacks. 4</. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 32J. ; sacks,
4^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. gd. per bushel; iss. per half
ton, 26s. per ton : in z bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, anj LEAF-
MOULD, ri. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. 6d. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN .STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WriteforFree
Price LIST — H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Driury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,
best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, IS. per Bag ; 15 Bags, us. ; 30 bags, 25s., sent to all
parts ; Truckload. 25s., free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT.
A. FOULON, 32. St. Mary Axe. London. E.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
StovePlants.&c.,.f66i.per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT.
for Rhododendrons. A2aleas, Heaths. American Plant Beds, 151.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags. 22s. 6d. ; 10 Bags,
45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, roj. 6rf. per Bag.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fme, 52J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepaied to make special ofiers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in iruckloads. Terms on apphcation. In
sample bags, ^s. 6d. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
6j. per bag ; twenty bags for 5s. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, 45. per bag ; five bags for 17s- td.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD, COCOA FIBRE, MATS.
RAFFIA, CORK. GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS.
LABELS, BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, vi'- per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 351. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is. 6d. per bushel ; 12s. 6d. per % ton ;
izs, per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, u. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, i^. 6d. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD, li. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, ir. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, js. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered — a very powerful
Fertiliser. 13J. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, i8j, per cwt.; 56 lb.,
115.; 7 lb., 2J. 6d. All bags ^d. each.

Terms, C^sh with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Station Road, Elephant and Castle, S.E.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, \s. -^d. per
sack ; 10 for 12J., 15 for 17J., 30 for 30^. : all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 335. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22*. 6^. Black Fibrous Peat, 4J. td. per sack ; 5 for
2QS. ; sacks 41^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, u. td. per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at t.s. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, hs. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth.
8rf. per lb. ; Specialite Paper, imported solely by us, \od. per
lb., 281b. 21J. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. Thk Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., late
19, New Broad Street, E.C.

BEESON'S

MANURE.

This is the Manure now used by the leading Nurserymen
and Rose Growers. Price, 12S. per CWt., carriage paid for
Cash. In Sealed Bags, thoroughly air-tight. Also in u. Tins ;
per Parcels Post, ij.6t/. It will keep for any length of time, and
is the best Manure for all purposes in the Flower, Fruit, or
Kitchen Garden. References, Directions for Use, &c., on
application to

W. H . Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

132

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 18

THE BEST WINTER LETTUCE,

COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS.

The hardiest, largest, and broadest leaved
variety in cultivation, a decided improvement
on the Bath Cos.

Per Packet Is., post-free.

From Mr. H. W, WARD, Head Gardentr tc The Right
Hon. the Earl of Radnor ; — " I have no hesitation in pronounc-
ing it to be the finest Winter and Spring Lettuce that I am
acquainted with."

From Mr. J. HORSEFIELD, Head Gardcmr tol'iittl.xg'M.
Hod. Lord Heytesbury ;— " Your New Lettuce in my opinion
is a decided improvement on the original Bath Cos."

GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN BATH.

Notice.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. —Established 1856.

LEWIS ISAACS, Importer of Dutch
Bulbs. 3. Victoria Warehouses, Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E.G., begs to inlorm his Customers and the Trade in general that
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with his annual
well selected stock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade only,
he begs to offer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
all true to name and colour, at an all-round price of 3^/. per
Bulb, in any quantity from hall a dozen of a sort and upwards.
The stock is on view to intending purchasers, at the above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Catalogues post-free on application.

O R S ^A L E^

SPECIAL OFFER.
FERNS, Seedling, in 6o's. clean and good colour, ready for

immediate shift.
PTERIS CRETICA ALBO LINEATA, TREMULA

SERRULATA EXALTATA, 10s. par loo.
NEPHRODIUM MOLLE, so^. per 100.
LOMARIA GIBBA, good, 301. per 100; extra, 40s. per 100.
FERNS, Mixed Seedling, in variety, 35s. per 100.
PERESKIA STOCKS, 255. per 100.

Terms cash with order, to
ENOCH WHITE, F.R.H.S.. Nurseryman and Florist,
Bournemouth.

Bush Hill Parlc Nursery, near Enfieliir

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, and other Outdoor
Nursery Stock, of line quality, at their Nursery, near the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the Glass
Erections, which consist of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
three Houses, averaging upwards of loo leet in length, many of
them 25 feel wide, containing Acacias. Azaleas, Adiantums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Draca;nas, Ericas, Gardenias, Genistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines, Palm'*, Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
nums, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

THE HOME OF FLOWERS is now in
splendid condition. All the new SOFTWOOD PLANTS
and the trial of the best older varieties is most interesting to all
lovers of flowers ; the PELARGONIUMS, BEGONIAS, &c.,
aie lar beyond anything before seen. Send for a Catalogue.

CINERARIAS.
March Past and Victory Strain,
e wish to announce that we have now large

quanliiies of SEEDLINGS of ihe above, ij. bd. per
doien, njs. per uu. All are from the finest namefl collection
that ever existed , and are as near perfect as can well be desired ;
very diOferent to those usually offered.

w

CUTTINGS.

We have now large quantities of SOFT-
WOODED PLANTS, Zjnal Pelargoniums in parli-
cular, and should be pleased to quote price (or any numbers.
Send lor a Catalogue.

We have large quantities of specially prepared ZONAL
PELARGONIUMS, just ready fiyr potting on for winter flower-
ng, from 65. to \is. per dozen. See Catalogue.

H. CANNELL. & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,
SWAN LEY, KENT.

SELECTED FARM, FLOWER, AND VEGETABLE SEEDS,

OF ALL SORTS, FOR PRESENT SOWING.

Early CABBAGE, LETTUCE, ONION, TURNIP, CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA,
PRIMULA, PANSY, BEGONIA, TRIFOLIUM, ITALIAN RYE-GRASS, Champion Ox
CABBAGE, Mixed GRASSES and CLOVERS, &c.

Priced CATALOGUES Post-free.

Early White Single Roman HYACINTHS, Paper White and Double Roman NARCISSUS,
also all other BULBS for Early Forcing purposes, of best quality.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

108, EASTGATE STREET, CHESTER.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

which are now ripening Large Crops of Fruit.

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 2.50 for the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBBIDG-EWOBTH, HEBTS.

WEDNESDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6698.)

CATTLEYA SKINNERI :

GIGANTIC PLANT.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
August 6, an enormous Specimen of CATTLEYA SKINNERI, being one of the largest ever
brought to this country, measuring no less than 20 feet in circumference, and about 7 feet across.
It was seen in flower by Collector, who describes it as a fine dark variety ; and dried flowers will be
on view at time of Sale. Also Two Plants of LYCASTE SKINNERI ALBA, found by Collector
in flower, and brought over under his especial charge in a semi-established condition ;
100 Plants of CATTLEYA DOWIANA, and a quantity of L/ELIA PURPURATA, and other
BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,

LONDON, W.C.

FRIDAY NEXT.

AERIDES SANDERIANUM, Rchb. f.

GRAND NOVELTY.

Professor Reichenbach writes : — " This is, no doubt, a grand Ac-ridcs, just imported by Mr. F. Sander, who knew
It half a year since, from sketches in water-colours sent, I believe, troni ICaatern Tropical Asi.n, where it hirky
in an obscure valley, not much trodden, as it would appear, by Europeans. 1 he plant at hand is very
vigorous, and its features are short and broad leaves, with two retuse lobes at end. The inllorescences are verd
numerous and long, and very florid in the plant before me, and the flowers match any flowers of tlie Odoratum
section m extent. A sketcli shows sepals and petals white widi purple ends. The great lip is representes
yellow, with green end of spur, and a remarkably fine purple mid-lacinia. By this, as weU as the long spur
and the equal, not pandurale mid-lacinia, it is distinct from the much similar grand Aeridcs Lawrence;v. It is
named after Mr. Sander, who has been very lucky in importing curious and rich AL-rides."

AERIDES SANDERIANUM produces flowers fully as large as Lawrence^t;, from which it varies
by the lip being yellow and longer. It is one ol the very finest novelties we have had the pleasure to introduce.
The importation is in superb order, it is very rare, and every plant is oftered.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received in-
structions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL the above extra fine lot on FRIDAY NEXT,
August S, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside
E.C. Also superb importations of ODONTOGLOSSUMS, CATTLEYAS, &c.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had of the A uctioneers, 67 and 68, Clicapside, E. C.

August 2, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

133

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

special Offer of Wlilte Besonlas.

Seedliogs from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen 125. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Prict: List sent free to any address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, u. pkt., -2$. td. per oz.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, is. Oi/. pkt., 2s. 6tf, per o/..

Dauiets' Little Queen, superfine eatly dwarf, is 6d. pVx.,^s.(>d. 02.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers. Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing,

Daniels' Golden Rocca, fine straw-coloured skin,
packet, 31. 6tf. per oz.

\s. 6(/. per

Daniels' Giant Rocca. weight 3 to 3 lb., ts. per oz., 10s. per lb.

Daniels' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and best Silver-
skin Onion known, 1,1. 6ii. per packet, 31. €>d. per oz,

Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, Stf.
per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS., Seed Merchants, NORWICH.

CABBAGE

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

.^^.

■\ \ ■J-

^v-

BUTTONS

IMPERIAL.

The best
Cabbage for
spring use. If
sown the first
or second week
in July it will
produce beau-
tiful Cabbages
for early spring
use. Heads
cone - shaped,
very large,
firm, and of
mild flavour.

Is. per oz.,
post-free.

" Sutton's Imperial is the finest Cabbage I ever ^rew : it
is not only the handsomest, but the best flavoured Cabbage
I have ever eaten." — Mr. A. S. Campbell, Ware.

Vegetable.Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all
c>icidsi value 205- Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England or Wales.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE OUEEN'.S SEEDSMEN, RE.-^DING.

Lalng's
Roman
Hya-
cinths.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for 2j. qd. : 6 for 15. 6d., fine bulbs of Early

White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter b'ooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., also free by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

GRAPE VINES.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Li.MiTED.

TH£ VINEYARD and NDRSERIES, GAKSTON,
have this Season a splendid Stock of 'Grape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catiilo^ucs, with full particiihzrs , on appiicatiofr.

FERNS^ A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready.

SPECIAL OFFER, No. 41, of Choice.
Raie, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in culiivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over looo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
lioiis ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. B I B. K E N H E A D ,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of I dozen, named, our Selection ; —
Singles, A 42/-, E 36/-. C 30/-. D 24/-, E i3/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/., R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

CoUections unnamed, our Selection :—
Singles, G zr/-, H t8/-. J 18/-, K 12/-, Lg/- per dor.
Doubles. W 30/-, X 24/-. Z 18/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding. M 40/-. N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Foiest Hill, S.£.

NOTICE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

for NEXT SATURDAY, August 9,

will contam a Special Report of the Great
Show of the Liverpool Horticultural Associa-
tion, to be held in Sefton Park, Aui^ust 2 ami 4,
ami 0/ the Exhibition of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society oj Southampton, to be held in
Westwood Park, August 2 and 4.

^EBBS;

EMPEROR

CABBAGE.

THE BEST CABBAGE in CULTIVATION

6a. and Is. per packet, Is. 63. per ounce.
I I

Mr. J. MulT, in the "Journal of Horti-

tloulture " of May 24, says :—

" Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage

measures 70 feet by BO feet, and here

we have many sorts growing. The

best ot all these at the present time is

WEBBS' EMPEROR."

Per Ounre, Post-free.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE

ENFIELD MARKET
EARLY RAINHAM
EARLY DWARF YORK
LARGE RED DUTCH

do.
do.
do.
do. Gd. pkt.

6d.
6d.
6d.
6d.
9d.

ONION, p..,.,

WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI 6d. .
WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI 6d, .
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI 6d. .

GIANT ROCCA 6d. .

WHITE LISBON

WHITE SPANISH or READING

Ounce.
Is.

9d.
9d.
is.
6d.
6d.

All Garden Seeds free by Post or Rail.
Five per Cent. Discount for Casli.

WEBB ScSONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

EARLY FORCING BULBS.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

B. S. WILLIAMS

Takes the opportunity of announcing that he has received his
annual consignments of the above Bulbs, which are invaluable
for early forcing, and solicits early Orders, which ihall have
prompt and immediate attention.

The Bulbs an unusnally fine this year.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPFtK HOLLUWAY. LONDON, N.

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1884.

HATFIELD HOUSE.

TWENTY miles from London is the town
of Hatfield, and its church founded
before the Conquest, and its inn, " The Salis-
bury Arms," formerly called "The George,"
named after "St. George, that swinged the dragon,
and sits on his horseback e'er since at mine
hostess' door." Of course you come to Hatfield
— a town of no delight, in aspect oranything — to
enjoy a day in the park, which the Marquis of
Salisbury is liberal in throwing open to the
public, remembering his great chiefs remark,
" I cannot think how people can be so foolish
as to close their parks to the public," and
perhaps having heard that when Lord Derby's
gamekeeper said to a trespasser, " You have no
business here — this is the Earl of Derby's
land," the man replied, " I can't help it ; I
must be on somebody's land, for I have got
none of my own."

Hatfield belonged to the Abbey of Ely, and
when the Abbey was erected into a bishopric in
1108, Hatfield became one of the episcopal
residences, and the monks of seven centuries
ago strolled in the great park beneath the
very Oaks — huge, umbrageous, gnarled trees —
which now, in their old age, show so grandly in
this fine old park. Under an Oak which was
probably old many centuries ago, and which is
now dead, its trunk propped, and the hollow
part filled with cement, while all the bark
is off the bole, and not one green branch
remains, the Princess Elizabeth, who resided
here during Mary's reign, received the news of
the queen's death. This venerable ruin stands
in the Lime avenue between the house and the
vineyard. This, like other interesting stories,
has been doubted. Some have doubted Shake-
speare, and his plays have been attributed to
Lord Bacon. It is so very easy to doubt.
"What! — a young girl sit beneath an Oak in
damp and drear November ! " say the critics.
Why not ? She did it as an old girl, why not
as a young one? The brave queen, the bravest
of our queens save one, gave audience under a
tree many times during her reign. She delighted
in the open air and received Fytton, Vice-Trea-
surer of Ireland, in 1575, under the same Oak
at Hatfield, in the same month of November
and nearly on the same day. In her seventieth
year she rode ten miles at a hunting party. She
walked daily in the park within six months of
her death, though ailing, and she nearly died
outdoors in her garden when her last illness
seized her late in the autumn of 1602.

Four of our sovereigns loved Hatfield so well
that they made the palace their favourite resi-
dence— Henry VIII., Edward VL, Elizabeth,
and James I. Bishop Morton, Henry VU.'s
favourite minister, rebuilt and beautified the
palace in that new style of architecture
which his master's reign, that closed the
Middle Ages, inaugurated. Embattled housef,
with moats and outworks, of which Hurst-
monceux Castle is a late specimen, were
succeeded by the red brick houses, whose age,
magnificence, and rich colour render them so

i34

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

attractive ts us at the present time. Henry VIII.
having laid hands on Hatfield, it remained
Crown property till 1607, when James I.
exchanged Hatfield for Theobalds.

It will be remembered that the founder of
the Cecil family was Queen Elizabeth's great
Treasurer, the incorruptible Lord Burleigh,
who, as Sir William Cecil, had been appointed
at Hatfield principal Secretary of State, who
used to look so sardonically at Essex or
Leicester when he and they rode in the Queen's
train. Lord Burleigh died, aged seventy-eight,
in 159S, and Elizabeth wept for him the bitter
tears of age and regret. The successor of his
eldest son is the Marquis of Exeter. His
youngest son. Sir Robert Cecil, who inherited
the park and house of Theobalds, a still more
magnificent place than Hatfield, was Elizabeth's
Secretary, when she told him as she lay dying,
" My seat has been the seat of kings ; I will
have no rascal to succeed me ! " and she then
named her tousin of Scotland, whom Cecil pro-
plaimed immediately after her death. James
came to Theobalds to visit the subtle and in-
triguing minister, who became in turn Secretary
of State and Lord Treasurer like his father ;
and in 1604, the year after Elizabeth's death,
was created Baron Cecil and Viscount Cran-
borne, and Earl of Salisbury in the following
year.

The house at Hatfield stands on high ground,
in the midst of gardens and abundant foliage,
through which the distant country is sometimes
seen. The town lies immediately outside the
gates, while the park, with noble avenues of
Limes in the foreground, and wilder scenes
beyond, reaches close to the boundaries of the
terraces and gardens on two other sides.
During a recent visit I approached the grand
pile through the shrubberies formed of beautiful
Conifers and many kinds of deciduous trees.
Fine specimens of the Cryptomeria japonica.
Sequoia sempervirens, and Araucaria imbri-
cata grow here in perfect health, protected by
Chestnuts, Beeches, evergreen Oaks, and many
shrubs. On this quiet western side the library
overlooks the sober old-fashioned garden below,
which has a close walk, a thick twining Lime
arcade growing round it, a pond in the centre,
and a Mulberry tree in each corner, planted by
King James. Beyond the garden are some
exceedingly aristocratic-looking precincts and
outbuildings, affording an excellent view of
palatial stables and parish church, with
tennis-court and riding-school, old gateway
and town : but the best of the buildings,
from a picturesque point of view, is the
brick pile, with the Ivied tower, containing the
".tables and laundry. This handsome building
was, in fact, the banqueting-hall of the old
palace, for Sir Robert Cecil was fond of build-
ing, and acted as his own architect in the erec-
tion of the present house. The length of the
south front is 300 feet, and its west wing has
been so well restored that none would suspect
the terrible accident of 1835, when it was
totally destroyed by fire, the Dowager Mar-
chioness of Salisbury perishing in the flames.
Above the drawing-room, on the east front, is a
room which bears the name of King James, and
owns perhaps the best view of any room in the
house, overlooking the terraced gardens and
some of the oldest timber of the park beyond.
The room is graced by King James' portrait,
and when his reigning successor and her con-
sort came to Hatfield and were brought to look
at it, they must have seen what an incompar-
able bit of English domestic scenery is spread
before the windows. It includes a racecourse,
where the Yeomanry races were held, amid a
number of great Oaks with tremendous boles,
not very tall, and vast spreading heads.

In the low ground this side the park a pond
glistens, having Willows, Poplars, and Birch
around, with many a quiet nook which you may
find on ramblingUhere, and a large fernery,

and among the shrubs a variegated Oak and
an Elm with leaves marked with white. You
reach this low level from the terrace below the
windows of King James' room by a series of
steps — big steps, for each consists of a terraced
garden, one having on its level surface a
croquet lawn, another a maze of Yew, another
a garden of flowers of sweet perfume. One
cannot wonder that Lord Beaconsfield was fond
of a house so grand in itself and its surround-
ings. He stayed here a long time just before
his death. It must have pleased him to observe
constant cricket in the park in summer, school
treats, Odd Fellows, and Ancient Foresters,
and thousands of other persons from far and
near wandering at will, and a good many of
them drifting through the house.

The rest of this account must be a mere
catalogue of things that may be seen, including
a kitchen garden, containing about 1 1 acres,
with fruit trees about fifteen years old ; so this
is a new garden in place of an old one further
from the house. The concrete walls are wired
and planted with fruit trees on both sides.
There are twenty-eight greenhouses and hot-
houses, including a vinery in seven divisions,
an Azalea-house, Strawberry-house, Peach-
house, stove with Ferns, Orchids, andAUaman-
das, a Melon-house, and others containing
decorative plants and plants for supplying cut
flowers. Palms, Gardenias, vast quantities of
various kinds of Adiantums, and in one house
Sod pots of Eucharis, and a great number
contain Lilium auratum, Poinsettias, and
Dracirnas. One division of this part of the
garden might be called " the hospital," where
sick plants from London are now being nursed
into health again, ready to lead, some other day,
the fast life of plants exposed to the trying
atmosphere of reception-rooms in London.
Besides these houses there is a great conserva-
tory in a shrubbery near the house, but not so
near it as those whose garden is their pride and
care and chief delight would wish it to be. In
the management of all the departments of this
grand garden Mr. Norman employs thirty men,
and not too many either.

I have not described the vineyard, which
everybody visits, on the two opposite banks of
the Lee, where the old kitchen garden once was.
The first earl. Secretary Cecil, was as fond of
gardening as of politics, and here was his
pleasaunce, designed by a Frenchman, and
planted with Yews in radiating lines and with
hedges of Juniper and Yew. The river bank
on one side is steep, and the walks are delight-
ful on a hot day, especially the broadest on the
river side, with its velvet turf and the water on
one hand, and sloping, close clipped, banks of Yew
on the other. The shelter is complete here, and
the hottest sun is shaded, for above the clipped
part of the Yews the trees take their natural
growth and spread high and wide. The Earl
received 20,000 Vines from France, through the
French ambassador, and two French
gardeners to plant and manage them. They
were planted on the other side of the river,
beyond the screen of tall trees across the wide
stream, and there also were planted various
other varieties which were sent to the great
man by his friends. Evelyn came here of
course, half a century after the Secretary's death,
for he died in 1612, before the house was quite
finished. His two gardeners were Montague
Jennings and John Tradescant, the elder, who
was Charles I.'s horticulturist afterwards, and
father of the founder of the Tradescant
Museum, now known as the Ashmolean Museum
at Oxford.

The lords of Hatfield have been fond of
gardening. Evelyn wrote, " Went to see my
Lord of Salisbury's palace at Hatfield, where
the most considerable rarity, besides the house,
inferior to few in England for its architecture,
are the garden and vineyard, rarely well planted
and watered." Nature had done much at Hat-
field, but Art has mended Nature's work. H. E.

AERIDES SANDERIANUM, n. ip:'

This is no'doubt a grand Aerides, just imported by
Mr. F. Sander, who knew of it half a year ago from
sketches in water-colours, sent, I believe, from
eastern tropical Asia, where it lurks in an obscure
valley, not much trodden, as it would appear, by
Europeans.

The plant at hand is very vigorous, and it has
short and broad leaves, with two retuse lobes at the
end. I would speak about texture if it were not for
a correspondence with my e-xcellent correspondent,
Mr. Ross, of Lastra, who may teach us one day that
texture, too, is an inconstant matter. The inflorescences
are very numerous and very long, and very florid on
the plant before me, and the flowers match any flower
of the odoratum section in extent.

A sketch shows white sepals and petals, with
purple ends. The great lip is represented yellow,
with the end of the spur green, and a remarkably fine
purple mid-Iacinia. All the laciniae of the lip are
denticulate and wavy.

I am in great embarrassment, inasmuch as the spurs
are too much pressed and with certain signs of mould.
Thus I am not very clear about the inner keels. I
believe, however, they stand in the middle on each
side of the spur, being transverse and emarginate.
By this, as well as by the long spur and the equal,
not pandurate, mid-lacinia, it is distinct from the
much similar grand Atirides Lawrencije.

It is named after Mr. F. Sander, who has been
very busy in importing curious and rich Aerides.
//. G. R.:hh. f.

ORCHIDS AT ST. ALBANS.

One hundred and twenty thousand Odontoglos-
sum Alexandfte, lo,000 Cattleyas, varying in size
from the stout plant in 48-size pot to the giant with
two or three hundred bulbs, and proportionate
quantities of most of the other good and favourite
Orchids, must produce a great show at any season.
Even now, when the display ol bloom in all
Orchid collections is at its lowest, the number of rare
things in bloom here is quite sufficient to render a
visit pleasant, while the many improvements in the
construction of the houses and the variety of devices
planned for the better cultivation of difficult plants —
the peculiarities of which Messrs. F. Sander lV Co,
are so apt in finding out — cannot fail to render it
instructive. The wonderful block of houses at the
new nursery is perfect in every respect ; nothing seems
to have been omitted in them which couid be desir-
able, and while the houses are well and substantially
built they are in all cases light and neat and in some
instances ornamental, as for example, the specimen
Caltleya-house, which has a fountain and large geo-
metrical basin at each end ; but even these ornaments
are not to be lost to the Orchids, for on pedestals
stood in the water are fine masses of Cypripedium
Schlimii, placed just within reach of the spray of
the fountain, and there they seem to be luxuriating
in such a manner as to give good hope that the
proper way of growing the plant has been discovered
at last.

In this specimen Catlleya-house and its companion
structure beside it, each of which is about 200 feet
in length, are in bloom a good many varieties of that
perpetual flowering and sweetly scented Cattleya
Gaskelliana, This always produces large showy
blooms, even if some of them are pale in colour.
When the fine varieties of it get that improvement
which good culture always gives, it will rank with the
best. C. Gaskelliana alba is also in flower, and
proves to be a very lovely thing, with massive white
fiowers, over which a faint and almost imperceptible
blush is spread. Some recently imported C. Dowiana
from a new district, many of them having nearly a
hundred bulbs, are already producing a few of their
lovely yellow and crimson blooms, and near them
some fine C. aurea with a few stray flowers which

* Arriiies Snnderianum, n. sp.— Aff. Airridi Lawrencia:.
Foliis latis brevtbus apice bilobo retusis ; racemis validissi-
niis ; calcari amplo incurvo aciito laminam prope a-iiuante,
callo emarcinalo utrin<iiit: in medio, laciniis lainin.x lateralibus
dolabriforinibiis dcntJcuiatis crispulis, lacinia mediana ligulata
crispula denticulata longiori. H. G. Rrlilt.f,

August 2, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

135

seem to be lighter in the colour of the petals than
those of C. Dowiana, but otherwise they are much
alike. The growth of the plants, however, is very
different. Also giving excellent opportunity for com-
parison are the white forms of C. Mossicu, of each
of which, as well as some new ones, Messrs. F.
Sander & Co. have a few plants. C. Wagneriana has
pure white Ilowers with an orange mark only in the
ihroat. C. ReineckJana is similar, but with the addi-
tion of violet veins on the labellum ; and C.
Arnoldiana is like a form of C. Reineckiana, with
pearly tinted petals — all are lovely, sweet, and rare.
Also among the Cattleyas are the rare yellow and
crimson C. velutina, the new hybrid C. calumniata
(lileui), a select lot of fine varieties of C. Eldorado,
including the white variety, C. Wallisii ; and a grand
I'>t of C. Mendeli, C. Trianx, C. Percivaliana, C.
gigas Sanderiana (some in flower), &c., are all in the
hest possible condition, the giant C. Skinneri, recently
i lustrated by us, breaking well. In the Cattleya-
huuses the immense specimens of Laelia elegans,
some of them with a couple of hundred pseudo-
I'ullis each, are still producing a few flowers,
one of them with large white petals and glowing
violet • crimson lip being a very grand thing.
Kvery fresh lot of this plant {L. elegans) which
arrives only goes still further to demonstrate the fact
ihat it is the result of intercrossing between C. inter*
media and L. purpurata and C. guttata and L. pur-
purata ; the pollen masses in many cases do not
dilTer in the least from those of Cattleya.

The several Odontoglossum-houses are filled with
slout ruddy-looking specimens, a wonderful sight
being presented by a view down the 250 feet length
uf the main structure devoted to them. It is the
boast of the St. Albans firm that while their importa-
tions have produced a great percentage of marvel-
lously fine and valuable hybrids not one bad variety
his been obtained from them. The few they have in
flower now are indeed superb ; in fact, it does not
seem possible to get bad varieties out of those imported
liom the best quarter, and none but these should be
got over in spite of the extra cost both in collecting
and in carriage. Odontoglossum vexillarium, too, in
its many varieties is also still giving a show, and as
the plants are in batches a marked difference can be
seen between the varieties obtained from each locality,
a curious test being furnished by which to distinguish
between the ordinary large flowered form and the
late flowering rose coloured variety— in the latter the
small ascending wings to the labellum beside the
column are pointed and in the former rounded
oflT.

In the further cold houses are many thousands of O.
Pescatorei, O. nebulosum, O. ramosissimum, &c., in
bloom being Odontoglossum sp. like O. Williams-
ianum, some new or rare Epidendrums — one of them
with growth of E. prismatocarpum and large upright
spikes of flowers, something like those of Barkeria
cyclotella, being very beautiful. Also in bloom are
good specimens of Oncidium macranthum, and under
probation some new Masdevallias, Restrepias, On-
cidiums, and Odontoglossums, including the rare O,
aspersum and O. Dormanianum.

The long intermediate-houses contain a good stock
of all the best Dendrobes, such as D. Lrymerianum,
D. Wardianum, D. thyrsiflorum, D. crassinode, &c.,
and a fine lot of the beautiful Acrides Rohaneanum,
and that princess among Acrides — A. Lawrence:^, as
well as some other phenomenal new ones which are
being proved. Vanda Sanderiana, too, is well repre-
sented. With respect to this plant, the old story has
to be told, which has to be related of every new and
beautiful Orchid on its first arrival — it has been
grown too hot. At St. Albans and in other places it
has been found that the plant is a tolerably cool-house
plant, for the summer at least ; and that while in the
winter it will not by any means stand what is called
cold, it does not require the stewing and coddling to
which it used to be subjected, and which went such a
great way in putting to flight the vital spark which
the fresh importation managed to keep in them
during their long journey. One plant of it we know
of, which is in the most robust condition, and has a
great number of fresh roots which has never been in a
higher temperature by artificial heat than 65' Fahr,,
and is now, and has been since the summer began, in an
unheated house. These facts show that it is a plant
for general cultivation as well as being one of the most
wonderful and beautiful of Orchids.

In flower in the intermediate-house is a fine
specimen of the best form of Calanthe Dominiana, with

nearly blue flowers ; together with the rare Dendrobium
Griflithianum, with a grand spike of wax-like yellow
and orange flowers, shaped like a bunch of Grapes, D.
Farmerii, Vanda limbata, some improved forms of
Dendrobium calceolus, some very strong D. Dearei,
a very fine and clearly marked Acrides quinquevul-
nerum, Sarcanthus Parishii, and various Vandas,
Acrides, Saccolabium, Lxlia grandis, L. purpurata,
&c. The new Vanda-house is a very fme structure,
nearly completed ; and the new Phal^nopsis-house,
which is quite finished, is most perfectly fitted, so that
air and moisture may be alway secured, and yet the
thermometer and hygrometer kept in accord. The
hermetically sealed hot-water tank on .the centre bed
with its plan of water circulation, both open and
through hot-water pipes ; the system of heating and
ventilating, and the labour-saving means of watering
the paths, c^c, are well worth inspecting. A few
fine specimens of the rare Angrn^cum caudatum and
Saccolabium liendersonianum are in it already. On
the whole, whatever Messrs. F. Sander & Co. have
done at their new nursery has been done well, and
at each of our visits we find an improved general
stock, in addition to the great quantities of leading
things which they are noted for.

The old establishment in the town, which with a
fast trotting horse for transit and the telephone for
speech, brings the new one in effect quite close to it,
is still devoted to the new plants on trial, and any
which by their previous good behaviour have shown a
liking for the place. A very fine collection of Mas-
devallias are there to be found, including M. racemosa
Crossii, M. rosea, and a surprisingly various collec-
tion of M. Ilarryana, imported direct and many of
which are in flower — one variety (M. H. tricolor), with
dark maroon stripes on magenta ground, being
very distinct and a better thing than the beautiful M.
H. versicolor ; another very large blood-red kind is
also very fine. Other noticeable batches at the old
nursery are a fine one of Odontoglossum madrense,
and a fresh importation of a Cypripedium with foliage
as ornamental as a Phormium, and said to have large
yellow flowers. Everything is clean and in order,
that first of all Orchid growers' maxims, " To keep
plants clean goes a great way towards keeping them
healthy," being firmly believed in at St. Albans.

A GARDENING TOUR.

Having just completed a long round, from friend
to friend and garden to garden, I have put together a
few notes of what struck me most at the time. The
following observations relate to two journeys — one in
the spring, and the other just over — which may per-
haps be taken together. Mr. Bull's Orchids attracted
me first of all, and the accident of being in town on
Whit-Monday gave me, as it turned out, the best
chance in the year of seeing them. This aristocratic
show was quite abandoned on such an occasion as
that — at any rate, I had it all to myself — and Odonto-
glossums and Lo^lias, Cattleyas, and I know not
what, in the greatest profusion both of form and of
colour, found small admiration from the public that
day. It was a feast to the eye which 1 should say
will never be excelled, and on Whit-Monday it could
be enjoyed to perfection. My next move was in the way
of failure as much as this had been in that of success.
Having a few hours at my disposal, and my oppor-
tunities of seeing Kew being scanty in the extreme, I
was tempted to go there in the course of the after-
noon. Suffice it to say that a greater mistake could
hardly have been made. I learned the next morning
from the Times that I had been a unit in a stream
of 84,000 persons. I was pushed through one or two
of the houses, and then, after a similar experience in
the new rockery and a hasty glance at some of Mr.
Joad's plants, I determined never again to try Kew
on a public holiday, and I gave up the idea of taking
notes altogether, and soon left the place.

In the evening I found myself where I have often
been before, I mean in that paradise of gardens —
Heatherbank — the residence of G. F. Wilson, Esq.
It is always a red-letter day with me when I go to
Weybridge, and there was not less to be learned there
this spring than had been the case on other occasions.
Mr. Wilson most kindly took me over to Wisley the
next morning, and an Irish lady who seemed to know
a good deal about plants went with us. The great
thing which strikes one there is that improvement is
studied to the last degree. There is sure to be some-
thing of great interest which was not apparent on the

occasion of a former visit, and many rare and difficult
plants crop up on every sida which are not to be met
with elsewhere. Moreover, old friends seem to put
on a new habit in this garden, and they proclaim
loudly enough that their wants are satisfied here in
an exceptional degree. As an instance of what I
mean in the last case I would mention a large plant
of Meconopsis nepalensis, which was a great deal
finer than anything which I had ever seen before
Instead of growing up in a straight and lanky fashion,
wiih only a bell here and there at one time to be
admired, this Meconopsis of Mr. Wilson's was of a
very sturdy growth, after the fashion of some large
Candelabrum, with a circumference, I dare say, of
l.^ foot, and covered all over with buds, which were
just ready to burst out into a full vision of beauty,
and which must soon have been entrancing to look at.
It was Mr. Wilson's method of cultivation and his
rich deep soil which brought this about, but no one
could form an idea of what Meconopsis nepalensis can
be at its best who had not seen it. At the bottom of
a sheltered bank, which was dotted all over with alpine
rarities of difTerent kinds, such as Omphalodes LuciliEe,
Campanula pulla, and many others, Gentiana ornata
seemed to be perfectly at home— there was that un-
mistakable look about it which said that it was content,
and henceforward all difficulty about this favourite
Himalayan must be considered to have been Oirercome.
I never saw the ghost of Goodyera pubescens in any
other place in the open air but here, and with Mr.
Wilson it was increasing and strong. So also Epig^ea
repens was at its best. I have failed with it over
and over again, and a nurseryman of great knowledge
in the South of England told me, not long ago, that it
absolutely declined to live with him. The odd thing
about it was that he said this fit had only lately come
upon it. Ten years ago he was able to manage it with
ease, but now he could do nothing at all with it, and
he could not account for the change. Mr. Wilson
seems to let it grow under the shade of trees, and the
autumn leaves blow over it and accumulate about it as
much as they like. It is to this and to the damp
situation in which it is placed that he seems to attri-
bute the unusual luxuriance which it displays. I also
became acquainted with Dianthus hispanicus here for
the first time. But I must refrain from all attempt to
give a list of what I saw doing well at Wisley. These
experimental grounds are rich in point of variety both
of plants and bulbs as well as in their excellence of
growth. Such very different parts of the world are
illustrated in them, one is quite taken by surprise—
e.i:;. , South America has its representative in Eryngium
pandanifolium with its fine head of small brown nut-
like flowers. I had always understood that this plant
was swept out of the country by the severity of some of
our recent winters, but here it has attained to the height
of at least 7 or 8 feet, and there is small fear regarding
it. Lilies, not in tens or twenties, but I should say in
hundreds and thousands, were responding with alacrity
to the wise care which had been bestowed upon them.
It was much too soon in the year when I was at
Wisley for me to see them in blossom, but I could
form some idea of what the blossom would be,
Auratums, with stems nearly as thick as one's finger,
presaged well for July. Lilium colchicum and L.
speciosum were preparing a fine treat for their owner,
and so also were many others. They are grown in
large enclosures or pens, and if these are not in
themselves very beautiful to look at, they at all events
protect the Lilies from wind, and so enable them to
come unharmed to perfection. Mr. Wilson showed
me some places where spring frosts had pitched rather
heavily on his favourites ; but they were recuperating
quickly, as an American would say, and it was odd to
notice their manner of raising their heads after a difii-
cult run for some distance along the ground. Along-
side of the Lilies, and grown also in the greatest
abundance, were the best of the Himalayan Primulas.
They seed themselves all over the place, and as is
always the case from some cause or another, self-
sown seedlings do a great deal better than if they had
been "copetted " instead.

I often wonder why the Ksempferi Irises are
so seldom met with in gardens. They generally
have their due place in nurserymen's catalogues,
but the attention ends with the catalogues ;
at any rate, they are known, comparatively speak-
ing, by a very few persons, and they are grown
by still fewer. But surely this is rather a pity. They
make a splendid finale for the Iris season
and their great flat, broad, open petals ate
simply astonishing, Mikado is a new one,

136

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, iS

which has been lately sent out by Messrs. Frobel, of
Zurich, and may especially be recommended ; and
there are now no lack of good varieties, but they do
not seem to make way as they ought to do. Their
requirements are not at all difikult to comply with.
They like to have a bright sun over their heads, and
to have their roots in some damp, hollow situation,
and then they increase wonderfully. IMr. Wilson is
growing them in this sort of way on the edge of a
pond, and it cannot be doubted that this is exactly
the kind of place where they will do well. I pro-
phesy that a great success will be scored by him in
this department of Irises.

All kinds of things find their place in the wood or
on the edge of it, ^..^., Kpacrises, Camellias, Lapage-
rias are all under trial, and if only a small percentage
of them survive the next hard winter, the result will
be gratifying. Mr. Wilson is, as I have said, a
pioneer in the way of improvement, and it will be
well if he has many lo imitate him ; but his garden
and trial-ground outrun the length of any ordinary
letter, and I must be content with just scratching their
surface.

The next thing was to pay a flying visit to
Mr. Mclintosh's Rhododendrons near Oatlands
Park, which were kindly open to view. The effect in
point of colour was grand in the extreme. Save
only in Messrs. Waterer's nursery I never saw any-
thing like it before. The ground falls so beautifully
from the house that one stands over a sea of colour so
to say, and the eye commands it at once. All shades
of pink and purple and claret and red are to be met
with here, besides white in abundance; and the measure
of advance which skilful hybridisation has brought
about may be tested by reference to a fine old
specimen of Rhododendron ponticum which towers
up close by some 30 feet towards the sky, but which
will not stand comparison with its more gaily dressed
rivals.

I could not help seeing one thing in Mr. Mcin-
tosh's garden which I rather regretted. His Lilies,
though of splendid growth, seemed hardly as tall as I
remember them on a former occasion. Some four or
live years ago those wonderful auratums, which were
of Brobdingnagian height and size to go with it out-
ran anything that I had ever heard of or ever seen in
that way before. They look away one's breath for
the moment as they stared at you from the Rhodo-
dendron beds. It is clear, I think, that Rhododen-
drons and Lilies agree well enough together at first,
but as lime goes on the weaker has to succumb to the
stronger. The Rhododendrons get well hold of the
ground, and no Lily in the world can stand before
them with continuous success. But change is the
order of the day, and he may be felicitated as a happy
man who can grow such Rhododendrons and such
Lilies together like those which I saw at Duneevan
the other day. A Wanderer.

for this purpose are also useful as showing the rates
o( growth in the early stages of the life of a tree. It
is important that we should have statistics of growth
for various species, at different ages, altitudes and
exposures and on different soils. The Exhibition is
rich in microscopic slides, many of which show sec-
tions of the same stem cut in various directions, but it
is a pity it does not include the admirable series of
slif>htly thicker and much larger sections prepared by
Ilerr Burkart, of Vienna. These sections of Euro-
pean trees, named in seven languages, illustrate the
great difference in colour and general appearance
often presented by the same wood according to the
direction in which it is cut. Each frame {and there
are forty) includes three sections of one species, each
about 4 inches long and 2 broad, cut transversely
{(juerschnitt^ or hirnschni(i), radially {s/icgeisc/ifii/i),
and tangentially {fladcrschniti)^ respectively. They
are thus large enough to give a fair idea of colour,
grain, width of rings, &c., to the naked eye; and
though when unvarnished, too thick to be treated as
transparent microscopic objects, yet when viewed with
a 2-inch objective and a large reflector reveal much of
the internal structure of wood. Another useful way
in which woods have long been exhibited is in the
form of books, cut from the wood inside, labelled

elliptical section ; and the lower third is uncut. Each
section is half polished and half not (fig. 3).

This gives three sections instead of the two seen in
the British Guiana rounds ; but even here an improve-
ment may be suggested. Of the planks cut from a
log, only two can exhibit radial sections ; and, as
every practical man knows, a tangential section is to
a considerable extent different from a radial one. A
tangential section might be cut off the lower thirds of
the specimens under Colonel Michael's care, giving a
fourth kind of section, and not interfering with the
indication of the diameter of the log (fig. 5).

One other point. Adhesive labels, or others nailed
on, may serve their purpose ; a painted or engraved
number is easily affixed, but necessitates a reference
to a catalogue ; so undoubtedly the best method in the
long run is that adopted in the collection from the
Andaman Islands, viz., to have the names neatly cut
in the wood itself.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

(Continued /rotn p, 74.)

Wood, and How to Extiicrr It. — Few things
are more difiicult, few of more practical importance,
than the identification of different woods when worked
up into squared logs, or otherwise deprived of bark,
leaves, and flowers. Great must, therefore, be the
educational value of a correctly named and practic-
ally exhibited series of specimens. It may seem too
obvious to be worth writing, that such merely local,
popular, or commercial names as Cedar, Dogwood,
Iron-bark, Padouk, Poon, 6cc., are of no value for
identification, but, unfortunately, the War-office sends
collections in which Cedrela odoiata, Rhamnus Fran-
gula, Eucalyptus resinifera, and Pterocarpus indicus
figure under such names as these. The commercial
names ought not to have been omitted, the use of
"Dogwood" in the gunpowder trade being, for
example, a fertile source of confusion, but the scien-
tific name is even more necessary. Unfortunately,
past errors bear their fruit in some uncertainty as to
the signification even of some scientific names, especi-
ally among Conifers, and it then becomes desirable to
add the authority for the name adopted. This is
systematically carried out in the specimens exhibited
by Messrs. fames Veitch. Locality is also a matter of
considerable interest, and " America " can hardly be
termed explicit for the Greenheart (Nectandra
Rodirei) of British Guiana. The microscopic examma-
tion of tbin sections of woods affords a certain, though
ledious means of identification, and slides prepaied

Fig. 28.— wood sections.

with its name, and hollowed into a " Solander ''
to contain preserved specimens of the leaves, flowers,
and fruits of the same tree.

Leaving out ol the question, of course, the endless
possibilities of artificial staining, painting, and grain-
ing, woods appear very different when merely polished,
and this has been generally recognised in the Exhi-
bition.

The specimens from the War Department are
small planks, some cut radially, others tangentially,
the distinction not being indicated, and each divided
diagonally by a line of black paint, on one side of
which the wood is polished, and not on the other.
Better methods are those adopted in the collection
from British (iuiana, where large specimens are used,
showing either the entire transverse section, or a thick
plank the whole thickness of a tree, in either ca«e
one side being polished, the other not. The sections
" in the round " are mostly less than a foot high, have
the bark on, and have one semicircle of the top hori-
zontal, the other oblique (fig. 28). The best method
of cutting such sections to be seen in the Exhibition,
however, is undoubtedly that in the Indian collection.
These logs in the round stand about 2 feet high ; the
top is semicircular and horizontal ; for the upper third
of the height of the specimen a vertical radial section
is £hown ; for t^^e rpiddle third an oblique R?mi*

PRACTICAL DIETETICS.

On Friday evening, June 27, Professor de Chau-
mont delivered a lecture in the Conference-room at
the Health Exhibiiion on "Practical ^ieteiics,"
especially in relation to preserved and condensed
foods, Sir Lyon Playfair, C.B., F.R.S., occupying
the chair.

The Professor pointed out the various constituents
necessary in food, namely, nitrogenous or albuminoid?,
carbohydrates, or heat-producing foods, including fat,
starch, sugar, and the like, and mineral salts, not
only (or assisting in digestion, but also for regulating
the way in which the other constituents were assimi-
lated. Besides these, there was another class, the
vegetable acids, the absence of which affected the
blood very prejudicially and produced scurvy or scor-
butic complaints. Milk was long ago found to con-
tain all these essential elements, and was, therefore,
considered a perfect food for the young, but not lor
adults, as it would require nine or ten pints per day
to support life.

It was a curious fact that almost all dietaries
prepared officially, whether for prisons, work-
houses, or armies, were defective, and the error
generally lay in the same direction, namely, a defici-
ency of albuminoids and particularly of fat. Pre-
served and concentiated foods were very valuable in
many cases, but it was necessary to distinguish between
the two, and not suppose that " preserved " was " con-
centrated," or that a small quantity of it contained a
large amount of nourishment. In fact, even in concen-
trated foods the statements sometimes made, such as
that a lozenge or two would contain enough nutriment
for twenty-four hours, were simply romances. A man
could not remain in health with less than about I lb.
of solid food per day, and that meant really water-
free food, not what appeared to be dry, like ships'
biscuits or flour, which, in fact, contained a large
percentage of water. Beef essences, liquid meat, &c.,
were next referred lo, and shown to be rather stimu-
lants than real foods, although they were very valuable
in their way. Recently several new methods of pre-
serving food had been introduced by means of sali-
cylic or boracic acids, but to these there seemed to be
some objections. Lastly, the importance of a due
proportion of fat being eaten was insisted upon, an
eminent physician, some forty or fifty years ago,
having said that one of the causes of the prevalence
of consumptive diseases in England was the high
price of butter.

The Chairman, in moving the vole of thanks to the
lecturer, pointed out that the albuminoids were
exactly of the same composition in the flesh and blood
of all animals, and when dried were perfectly indis-
tinguishable even by the chemist. These substances
had to be built into the body, it being the work of
plants to mould the elements into those forms out of
the aerial and other food around them, whilst animals
had only to give them a position in their organizations.
It was a very common belief that the body was
renewed in seven years, but as a matter of fact all the
soft parts, such as the muscles, changed in about six
weeks, and to supply this constant waste, at least four
ounces of flesh-forming food must be taken. A man
doing hard work required about an ounce more
To put I lb. of flesh upon a man would cost in the
shape of meat \s. %d. or 2.r., in Potatos is. 4(/., but
in Peas it could be done for about 3</. In conclusion,
he drew particular attention to a collection in the
Central Hall, in which the various constituents of all
articles of food were shnwn.

August 2, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

137

REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS.

[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS, AUGUST, 1884.]

COUNTY.

, APRICOTS. I PLUMS. CHERRIES.

SCOTLAND.
ABERDEEN

ARGYLL

BANFF

BERWICK

CAITHNESS

CLACKMANNAN..

CROMARTY

DUMBARTON ....

DUMFRIES

EAST LOTHIAN . .

FIFE

FORFAR

INVERNESS

KINROSS

LINLITHGOW ...
LANARK

MIDLOTHIAN ....

MORAY

NAIRN

ORKNEY

PEEBLES

PERTH

RENFREW

ROSS

ROXBURGH

STIRLING

SUTHERLAND

WEST LOTHIAN

WIGTONSHIRE

EN G LAN D-

NORTHERN

COUNTIES.

NORTHUMBERLAND

CUMBERLAND

WESTMORELAND . . . .

DURHAM

YORKSHIRE

Under

Over ; very
good

Over ; good

Under ; bad

Under

Average ; good

None p*own
outside

Over average :

good
Average ; very

good

Over
Under average

Under ; bad

Average ; good

Over average
good
Over

Average

Thin, but
large fruit

Under average

Under average

Under aver-
age ; good
Average ; good

Under

Avarage ; very

good
Not generally

grown

Under average

Not grown
outside

Under ; but
good
Under

Average

Average ; good

Under aver-
age ; good

Over

Under

Under

Rather under

average ;

good

Under ; good

Under ; good

Under

Under average

Under average

Under ; very
scarce
Average

Under average

Under ; good

Under aver-
age
Under

Under average
Average ; good

Average ; good

Under

Scarce

Failure along
the Clyde

Under aver-
age \ good

Very good
Under

Average

Extra on
walls ; half on
standards
Under aver-
age ; except
Victorias
Average on
walls ; nothing
on standards
Under ; good

Under : good

Average

Under ; good
Under aver-
age ; bad
Average ; good

Failure

Under

Under ; bad

Under

Under

Under

Under

Very scarce

Under ; bad

Under ; very
good
Bad

Very bad

Under

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average

Average

Average

Average ; good

Under

Average ; good

Average

Average ; good

Average ; very

good
Average ; good

Average ; good

Very few

Average

Under

Average
Average ; good

Average ; good

Under ; good

Average

Below average

Under aver-
age ; good

Over average ;

good

Average

Good

Average ; good

Over ; very

good

Splendid fruit

on walls

Full average
Under average

Over ; very

good

Average

Under

Average ; good

Over average ;

good

Under

Under

Under

Average , very
good
Under

Average ; gooc

Under
Morellos good
Under average
Average ; good
Average ; good

Average
Not an average

Average

PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.

Not grown
outdoors

Not grown

outside

None outside

None grown

outside
Under aver-
age ; very good

Under; bad

Under

Under average

Under ; bad

None grown
outside

Over average:
good

None outside

Under average
Under ; bad

Average

Average; good

None outside
Average
Under
Under

Very good
crop

None outside

Average

Under ; bad

Average
Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good

Only grown

under glass

Under

Average ; very

good

Not much

grown

Not grown
outside
Under

Under average

Under; bad

Under ; good

Average

Not an average

Average; good

Much under
average ; good

Under ; good

Under

Under

Under
Under ; bad

Under ; good

Much under ;

bad

Under

Under
Under ; scarce

Under

Under average

Under ; very

good
Under aver-
age
Average

Under average
Under ; good

Under ; bad

Under

Scarce

Under average

Rather undei

average ; very

good

Under ; bad

Scarcely any

Bad

Under ; good

Average

Half crop

Nearly a
failure

Under aver-
age ; very few

Under ; good

Under; bad

Under

Under average
Average ; good

Under

Failure

Under

Under

Average

Under

Under

Under; bad

Very few

Under ; good

but small
Very scarce

Under

Just a crop

Average ; good

SMALL
FRUITS.

Much under
average

Under ; bad

Under

Much under

Under ; most
kinds bad

Under

Under ; good

Under

Under ; good
Under ; scarce

Failure
Under average

Under ; good

Under average
Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Under

Standards a

failure

Under average

Under aver-
age ; very

good
Under

Very few

Under

Average

Under average

Under average

Under ; fair

Under; bad

Under

Bad
Under aver-
age ; bad
Under

Failure

Under
Under

Under
Under

Over average,

except black

Currants

Average ; good

Average ; good

Very good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Very good

Abundant

Average ; very

good

Over ; very

good
Over : good

Over average

very good

Over ; good

Over average

Average ; very

good

Average

Average ; good

Average ; very
good
Over

Plentiful

Above aver-
age ; very

good
Abundant ;
very good

Average ; good

Average

Good

Over average

Over ; very

good
Very good

Very plentiful

Above aver-
age ; very

pood
Over ; very

good

Over; very

good

Average ; very

good

Good

Over average

generally
Average ; very

good
Average ; good

Average

Average ; very

good

Over

Over ; good

Over ; good

Under ; bad Average good

Very few Good

Under ; good Average ; good

but small
Not half a crop! Average

Under Average

Under average Very good

Under Average

STRAW-
BERRIES.

Over average :
very good

Over average ;

very good

C3ver

Very good

Average

Good

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Over

Abundant

Over ; good

Average ; very

good
Over ; good

Over average

very good
Average ; good

Average

Average ; good

Average
Average ; good

Over ; very

good
Over ; good

Good crop, but
small
Above aver-
age ; very
good
Average ; good

Under aver-
age ; good
Over average ;
good
Very good

Average ; good

Over : good

Good

Very abundant

Average ; very
good

Over ; very

good

Over ; very

good

Average ; very

good

Average ; good

Average

Over ; very

good
Over ; good

Under

.Average ; very

good

Average

Under

Over ; good

Average ; good

Average; good

Average

Average ; good

Over average ;

very good
Over ; good

Very good

Average ; good

Under average

Under average

Fair
Under

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

John Forrest, The Gardens,
Haddo House

John Proctor, Slains Castle

R. Farquhar, Fyvie Castle
Gardens

James F. Smith, The Gar-
dens, Dunecht

G. Taylor, The Castle Gar-
dens, Inverary

John Webster, Gordon Castle
Gardens

William Richardson, Ayton

Castle Gardens
John Sutherland, Langwell,

Berriedale
Thomas Ormiston, Alloa Park

Gardens
James Dewar, Beechwood

Gardens
J. McKay, Tarbat Gardens.

Park Hill
Jas Mitchell, Camis Estean,

Helensburgh
James Smart, Raehills, Loc-
kerbie
L. Dow, The Gardens, New-

byth
Wm. McKelvie. Broxmouth

Gardens, Dunbar
W. Henderson, Ealbimie

G. Ramsay, Fordell House

Gardens
Geo. Johnstone, Glamis Castle
James Mitchell, Panmure,

Carnoustie
Angus Macdonald, Balmacaan

Gardens.
John Fortune, Blair Adam

Good crop W. Muir, Hopetoun Gardens

Andrew TurnbuU, Bothwell
Castle

Very few; Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith
good Gardens

Charles Johnston, Dalhousie

Castle Gardens
D. Cunningham, Darnaway

Castle Gardens
James Manson, Kilrannock

Castle, Fort George
Thos. McDonald. Balfour

Castle, Kirkwall
Malcolm Mclntyre, The

Glen, Innerleithen
P. W. Fairgrieve, Dunkeld

George Croucher, The Gar-
dens, Ochtertyre

David Doig, The Gardens,
Rossie Priory

John Robb, Drummond

Castle. Gardens
Thomas Lunt, Ardgowan

D. Harvey, Castle Gardens,
Invcrgordon

J. Munro, Duncraig Gardens

John Galloway, Minto Gar-
dens, Hawick

A. McKellar, Floors Castle
Gardens, Kelso

W. Fitzgerald, Dunmore Gar-
dens

Average D. Melville, Dunrobin Castle
Gardens

John Moyes, Dalmeny Park
Gardens

Archibald Fowler, Castle
Kennedy, Stranraer

Thomas Bowie, Chillingham

Castle Gardens
J. Hammond, Brayton, Carlisle

Under Wm. A. Miller, Underley

Gardens
Scarce Edward Evans, Storrs Gar-
dens, Windermere
Under ; bad J. Hunter, Lambton, Fence
Houses
James Larkin, Castle Gardens,

Bishop Auckland
James Fowler, Harewood
I Gardens

Under average' Joseph Shaw, Nunappleton,
I Bolton Percy
Average [Robt. C. Kingston, Erantirg-
ham Thorpe, East York

138

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August 2, 1884.

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT ZV.OV'^— {Continued),

COUNTY.

PLUMS. CHERRIES.

PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.

APPLES.

PEARS.

SMALL
FRUITS.

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NUTS.

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

NORTHERN
COUNTIES.
YORKSHIRE

LANCASHIRE

MIDLAND

COUNTIES

CHESHIRE

DERBYSHIRE ..
NOTTS

SALOP

STAFFORD

LEICESTER

RUTLAND

WARWICK

NORTHAMPTON.

HUNTINGDON.
BEDS

OXFORD

HERTS

Very few
Average

Not grown
outside

Partial crop

Under average
Under

Under

Over ; good

Average

Average

Plenty, and

good

Average ; bad

Over; very

good

Over ; very

good.

Average ; good

Over

Average

Average ; good

Under

Under ; good

Average

Under average Under aver-
{ age ; good
.. .. Average ; good

Under : bad Average ; good

Average at this

place
Over average

Total failure
Under

Very few

Bad

Under

Under

Under

Under
Under: bad

Under
Under ; bad

Under ; good

Under ; very
good
Under

Under average

Much under

Under

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under

Much under
average

Average on
walls
Under average
very good I
Average i Under average

Average ; good Under; bad
Average ; good ' ....

Average ; good j Very scarce

Thin
Average

Failure
Under

Under aver-
age ; bad
Average ; good Under average

A mactiificent

crop ; trees

healthy

Over average \

good
Under average

Average ; good
Under

Under

Over average

Average ; very
good

Under average

Under : good

Very poor

Under

Under

A perfect
failure

Under average

Under average

Under aver-
age ; good

Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Almost a
failure
Average

Under
Under

Morellos good

others under

Under

Good

Average

Over

Average ; good

Under

Average

Average ; good

Under

Plenty

Over ; very

good on walls

Average ; very

good

Over ; good

Average

Under

Average

Average ; good

Under

Average ; Mo-
rellos extra
good
Over average ;
only Morellos
Average of
Morellos
Under average

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Thin

Average

Under average

Failure

Sweet Cher-
ries, failure :
Morellos, full

crop
Average *, good

Average

Under aver-
age except
Morellos good
Average

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Good

None grown
outside

Under ; bad
Under

Bad
Average ; good
Average ; good

Under

Under

Under

Under average

Under

Under

Under

N'ot many out-
of-doors
Average ; good

Average ; very

good

Over ; very

good

Average

Over

Average

Under ; only
a few grown

outside
Undei average

Over average

good
Under average

Under ; good

Under
Over average

Thin

Under

Average ; pro-
mising
A full crop of
both

Under

Under average

Very bad ; Under average
under average
Very few ; bad Average ; good

.... lUnder average

'Average ; good

Under
Under

I

Average ; good

Under average

Average ; very
good

Average

Dessert under ;

Morellos over

Good in crop , Under average Under aver-

and quality age ; Morellos

average

Over average ; Under ; bad Under ; good ;

very good I Morellos abun-

i danc

Under

Average

Under

Average

Under ; good

Very poor

Under

Over

Good in crop
and quality

Average ; good

Under average

Under

Under average

Under

Over

Average

Under

Average

Under

Average : good

Average

Over ; good

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Average

Average

Average

Over average
very good
Average

A good average
crop

Under average

Under average

Under average

Average ; good

Under
Average ; good

Under

Over ; good

Under average

Under average

Half crop ;

Ribstons good

crop

Under average

Under average

Under aver-
age ; good

Under

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under average

Average

Average ; very
good

Under average

Under ; good

Under average

Under

Under

Under average

Moderate

Under

Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Very (ew

Under

Good
Over ; good
Average ; good
Over ; good
Over ; good

Over

Very few and

poor

Very few

Bad

Under

Under

Under

Under

Under

Under

Under

Scarce

Under, and bad

Under ; very
good
Under

Under average

Average

Under

Under average

Under

Much under

Good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Over ; good

Over : very '
good
Average

Very abundant

Average ; good

Very good

Over

Average

Average ; good

Average ; very

good

Average

Average

Average ; good

Average

Over ; good

Over ; very

good

Over ; very

good

Average

Average ; good
Average

Average ; good

Average

Over average

average and and very good

poor

Average ; good But few grown

Over ; very > ....

good
Very good I ....

Over
Over

Average ; good

Average ; very

good

Average :

good

Average ; very

good
Average , ve-y

good

Plentiful, and

fine

Over ; good

Over ; very

good
Over ; very

good
Average ; good

Average

Over

Average ; very

good

Very good

Average ; good

Failure

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under average

Under ; bad

Very few

Under

Failure

Under

Under average

None of any
consequence

Under average

Under average

Much unde
average

Under

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under average

Under

Much under
average

Very bad ;

under average

Very few

Average ; good
Under average
Average ; good

Over average ;

very good
Average ; good

Abundant and
very good
Plentiful

Average

Average ; good

Over average ;

very good
Full crops ;
fruit small

generally

Over average ;
very good
Average

Average ; ex-
cept Rasp-
berries
Average ; good

Average ; good

Over

Over average
good
Over aver-
age ; very
good
Abundant, and
good

Average

Over ; good

Fine

Under

Average
Under
Under average ' Average ; good

Over; very

good
Over ; good

Under

Under

Under
Average

Over ; veiy

good
Over ; very

good
Average

Average

Average

Average

Very few
grown

Ave) age

Average

Walnuts aver-
age ; Filberts
under
Average

Average ; good
Average
Average

Over averaee ;

very good
Abundant and

good
Average ; goo-J

Plentiful

Over ; good

Over average ;

good

Over average ;

very good

Excellent

crops ; quality

fine

Over average ; Over average
good
Aveiage

Plentiful
Average

Average
A failure

William Culverwell, Thorpe
Perrow, Bedale

W. B. Upjohn. Worsley Hal'
Gardens, Manchester

W. P. Roberts, Cuerden Hall,
Preston

F. Harrison, Knowsley Gar-
dens, Prescot

Andrew Jamieson, Haigh Hall
Gardens, Wigan

H. Lindsay, Huntroyde Park
Gardens

Alfred J. Grant, Withington
Hall Gardens, Chelford

Robert McKellar, Abney Hall
Gardens, Cheadle

Robert Milne, Vale Royal,
North wich

Thomas Selwood, Eaton Gar-
dens, Chester

0*en Thomas, Chatsworth
Gardens

Joseph Dawson, Stancliffe,
near Matlock

Thomas Keetley, The Gar-
dens, Darlry Abbey

H. Carr, Welbeck Gardens

S. A. Woods. Osberton Hall
Gardens, Worksop

J. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge,
Arnold

A, Henderson.Thoresby Park,
Ollerton.

A. S. Kemp, Haughton Home
Farm, Shifnal

James Louden, The Quinia
Gardens, Chirk

Richard Milner, Sundome
Castle Gardens, Shrewsbury

Henry Purser, Berwick House,
Shrewsbury

Wm. Davidson, Sandon,
Stone

E. Simpson, Wroltesley,
Wolverhampton

W. Bennett, Rangemore Gar-
dens, Burt on- on -Trent

W. Ward. Little Aston Gar-
den?, Sutton Coldfield

John Wallis, Keele Gardens.
Newcastle

James Maclean, Beaumanor

Park
William Ingram, Belvoir

Castle Gardens
Edmund Wainwright, Nevill

HoU, Market Harborough

G. Maynard, Cole Orton

Gardens
John Grey, Normanton Park

Henry Ma«on, Bisbrook Hall

Gardens, Uppingham
Wm. Miller, Combe Abbey,

near Coventry
R. Greenfield, The Priory

Gardens
Edward Cooper, Highbury,

Mosely, Birmingham
James Trigger. Milton Park,

Peterborouch
R. Gilbert, Bmghley

very good
Average

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Over

Over average ;
good
Over aver-
age ; very

good
Over aver-
age ; fine
quality
Average

Average ; good
except Walnu If

Under
Under average

Under ; Wal-
nuts average

Average

Edmund Cole, Althorp Park

Gardens
Wm, Kennedy, Kimbolton

Castle
Geo. Ford, Wrest Park, Ampt-

hiU

Charles Turner, Cranfield

Court, Newport Pagnell
Thomas Hedley, Putteridge

Park, Luton
Isaac Watson, Nuneham

Park, Abingdon
John Greenshiclds, Sarsdcn

House, Chipping Norton
T. Doherty, Wroxton Abbey,

Banbury

B. Hope, Middleton Park
Gardens, Bicester

Under : bad

Abundant ;
very good

Thomas Bailey, Shardeloes
I I Garden, Amersham

Over ; good Under ; good Geo. Thos. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey
Good Moderate ; J. Smith, Mentmore, Leighton

Walnuts good Buzzard
Average ; very Average George Haskins, Stowe Gar-
good dens, Buckingham
Average Avemge George Norman, The Gar-
dens. Hatfield House
Average ; good Over average Richard RufTelt, Panshanger,
Hertford

Average ; very Average ; good J. C. Mundell, Moor Park
good I ' Gardens

August 2, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

139

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT ZKOV^--{Continucd).

MIDLAND
COUNTIES.
HERTS

EASTERN
COUNTIES.

NORFOLK

SUFFOLK.

KSS£X

SOUTHERN
COUNTIES.
BERKS

MIDDLESEX .

SURREY

KENT.

SUSSEX

HANTS .

APRICOTS. PLUMS. I CHERRIES.

Over ; very Under ; bad Under ; vei-y
good filthy

Under Under : Under

rhe hnest crop Poor crop ; the
we have had worst for many

for years years

Average; very' Under; bad
good

Average I Under

Under : good Under ; bad

Under

Average ;
small

Under average Under average

Average

Under

Average ; good Under ; bad

Over average
very gooid
Average

Over ; good

Average ; good

Under; bad

Under aver-
age; good

Under

Under

Average

Under : bad

Bad

Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; bad

Under

Under

Under

Under ; bad

Over average ; Bloom killed
good by spring frosts

Under j Under

Under ; good None outside

Average ; good

Under average

Under ; bad

Bad

Under
Over

Bad

Under average

Under ; bad

Bad

Under
Under

None grown Much under
out-of-doors
Average

average
Under

Over ; very i
good '

Good

Average

Average : good

Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Average ; good

Under average

Good

Under

Very good

Average

Under average

Average

Average.

Bad

Under

Under average

Under aver-
age ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under ; bad

Average on
walls

Under ; bad

Average

Average ; good

Under

Few grown

about here

Over average

Average

Under ; bad

Under

Average ; bad

Average ; Mo-

rellos good
Morellos aver-
age, other
kinds under
Under

Average

Under

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average

Under ; good,
Morellos over

Under average

Under

Under ; except
Morellos
Under

Under
Under ; good

Much under

Average ; much

blighted

Over average ;

very good

Over ; good

Scarcely any

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under ; very

scarce
Under aver-
age ; good
Much under
average
Partial ; much
blighted

Very under

average

Bad

Much under

Good

Very good

Under average

Under

Under ; bad

Bad

Under ; good

on walls only

Bad

PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.

Abundant

under glass

Under

Heavy crop :
required much

thinning
Average ; good

Average

Average ; good

Average, but

small

Over average :

very good

Under

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Under ; bad

Average ; good

Under

Average

Average

Average ; bad

Average ; good

Under

Under ; very
good

Average; very

good
Under

Over ; good
Average ; good

Under

Under

Average ; good

Under aver-
age, but fine
Under ; good
quality

Under average

Under

Average

Good

Very good

Over average ;

good

Morellos

average

Under ; bad

Very good

Average

Under average

Much under
average

Average ; good

Under

Average ; good

Under

L''nder average
Under average

Under
Average ; good

Under

Average ; good

Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good

Under

Under

Under

Average ; good

Under average

Average

Under ; good

Under average Early sorts

bad ; Morellos
' good

Under aver- Average ; very
I age ; bad good

Average ; very

good

Average

Average ; very
good
Under

Under
Over

None grown

out-of-doors

Average

Average

Over average ;

good
Under ; good

Good

Plentiful ; good

Average ; very
good
Under

Under; good

Average ; small

Under average

Good : much
blight

Under average

Average

Good

Above ; good

Average

Average

Average : good

Bad

Average ; good

Under average

Average; very
good

Over average ;
very good

Under average

Under

Average ; good

Bad

Under
Much under

Under average

Under

Under

Under aver-
age ; good
Over ; very
good

Much over
average ; good
Average ; very

good
Average ; good

Under

Under aver-
age ; good
Much under

average

Under ; early

sorts best

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under

Good

Under aver-
age ; good
Under average

Under

Good
Over average

Under
Under average
Under average

Under aver-
age ; good

PEARS.

SMALL
FRUITS.

Under ; poor ' Over ; very
good

Under

Poor crop

Under ; bad

Under

Under ; bad

Under

Under average
Under average

Under
Under ; good

Under

Under

Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good

Under

Under

Under

Under ; good

Bloom killed

by spring frosts

Under

Under ; good

Bad ; almost a
failure
Under

Under

Bad

Under

Very much

under

Bad

Under

Under

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under; good

Under aver-
age ; good

Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under ; very

scarce
Under aver-
age ; small
Much under

average
Partial ; most
on old English
sorts
Under aver-
age ; fair
Bad

Under

Good

Under average

Average

Average

Under

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NUTS.

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

Average ; good

Under average

Average ; good

Average

I
Average ; good

Under

Good crop

Average

Average

Average ; very

good

Under

Average ; good

Under ; good

Average ; good

Over

Average

Very good

Over ; good

Average ; good

Average

Average ; very
good

Good

Average

Average ; good

Average

Over; very Average ; very Joseph Thompson, Gorham-
good good I bury Gardens, St. Albans

Average ; good Over G:o. Merritt, The Hoo

Gardens, Welwyn

Good crop and
fine

Average : very Walnuts aver-
; Filberts
under

good

Over ; good

Above ; very

good

Average

Very few
grown

Walnuts aver-
age; small
nuts under
Good crops

Average in
places

Over average; Average
good I

Under Average

Average : bad Average ; good

Average Average

Average ; good Under

Average ; good Under ; good

Average ; good i Filberts aver-
• agSi VValnuts
under ; good
Average Under

(
Average [ ....

Good I Under

Average ; good

Average : very

good

Average

Over ; good Average ; very
good

Very good

Average

Over ; very
good
Good

Average ; good Average ; good .
Average ; i Average ; good I

moderate
Abundant

Under

Three - fourths
of a crop
Average

Average

Average ; much

blighted
Over average ; Over average ;

good very good

Average ; good Under ; good

Under average

Light crop

Plentiful, fine, Very fine
and good pleptiful

Average ; good Over average ;
very good

Average ; good
Average

Over average

good

Average

Average ; small i Average; small

and dirty
A good aver- Under aver-
age age : too dry
Average; Cur- Aveiage ;dried
rants much I up in many
blighted 1 places
Average ; good Average ; good

Under

Under ; inferior!

Abundant

Average
Under
Good

Under average

Average

Under

Good

Aveiage
Average

Under

Light crop

Average

Under aver-
age ; good
Average

Under aver-
age ; good
Under average

Average ;

Kent Cobs

promising

Over average

Under

Average

Average

George B. Tillyard. Brock-
lesby P.irk, Ulceby

David Lumsden, Bloxholm
Hall, Sleaford

i'homas Vinden, Harlaxton

Manor, Grantham
James Taylor, Lee Hall,

Gainsborough
H. Bachelor, Catton Paik,

Norwich

Thomas Wynne, Wroxham
Hall Gardens

A. Lancaster, Holkham Gar-
dens

W. Shingler, Melton Con-
stable

James Forder, Hillington
Hall, King's Lynn

James Sheppard. Woolver-
.•^tone. Ipswich

John \yallis, Orwell Park,
Ipswich

Robeit Squibbs. Ickworth
Park, Bury St. Edmunds

J. Mill. The Gardens, Rendle-
sham Hall

D. T. Fish, Hardwicke, Bury

St. Edmunds
D. Donald, Knott's Green,

Leyton
W, Bones. Havering Park

Gardens, Romford
William Smith, Birch Hall

Gardens, Colchester
W. Bowman, Hylands,

Chelmsford
Henry Lister, Easlcn Lodge,

Dunmow
James Vert, Audley End

Gardens, Saff"ron Walden

Thomas Jones, Royal Gai-
dens, Windsor

James Tegg, Bearwood, Wo-
kingham

S. Mortimer, Purley Park
Gardens, Reading

Robert Feun, Sulhamstead
Abbotts

Alex. Dean, Bedfont

r. Baines. Fern Cottage,
Palmer's Green, N.

T. P., Stanmore

Robert Henderson, Fulham
Palace, S.W.

John Woodbridge, Syon
House Gardens, Brentford

J. Willard, Holly Lodge Gar-
den, Highgate. N.

John Burnett, The Deepdene
Gardens, Dorking

W. Denning, Coonibe Lane,
Kingston-on-Thames

Alfred Evans, Lythe Hill,
Haslemere

John Tanner, Tandridge
Court, Godstone

H. C. M'Kae, East Hor!,ley
Towers. Leatherhead

James Child. The Gardens,
Garbrand Hall, Ewell

R. Gray, Chevening, Seven-
oaks

Charles Whitehead, Barming
House, Maidstone

George Bunyard, Maidstone

Average ; very Average ; good Under aver-
good I age ; good

Over average ; Over average ; Average
good I excellent l

Average Average Under

Very good i Average; very
I good j

Bad Very good Very good '

Much under Average ; good, Average ; good.

Partial

Much under
average
Under average Above aver-
age ; good

Abundant, and,
fine

Under

Good

Average

Good

Henry Cannell, Swanley

jF. Deuxberry, Cobham Hall,

Gravesend
iJohn Charlton, Summer Vale
' Nursery, TunbridRc Wells
John Wilson, Casile Garden,
I Arundel
B. Coombe. Weston Park

Gardens, Steyning
Joseph Rust, Eridge Castle

;F. Rutland, Goodwood

Geo. M. Breeze, Petworth

Gardens
Sidney Ford, Leonardslee,

Horsham
John Halsey, Cowdray Park,

Mid hurst
Philip Edwards. Fowley

Gardens, Liphook

Above aver- lAverage ; bad William Smythe, The Gar-
age ; good i dens. Basing Park, Alton

Very few in-
deed ; bad

Over average ;i

I good I

Over aver-
age ; very
good

Average

iW. Wildsmith, The Gar-
I dens, Heckfield Place

140

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 18

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT C^OVs,—{Contimud).

COUNTY.

APRICOTS.

PLUMS.

CHERRIES.

PEACHES ,

AND NEC- i APPLES.

TARINES. ;

PEARS.

SMALL
FRUITS.

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NUTS.

NAME

AND

ADDRKSS.

SOUTHERN

COUNTIES.
HANTS

Under ; good

Under
Under

Over ; good
Under

Average ; good

Over ; very

good

Under ; good

Average ;
good
Under

Average ;

good

Average ; good

Average ;

good

Over; good

Under

T. D. Myles, The Gardens,
Appley Towers, Ryde

F. Thirlby, Broadlands, Rom-
sey

Wm. Phipps, Bowood Gar-

WILTS

Very good

Good

Good

Bad

Under average

Bad

Very good

Good

Under average

Under average

Under average

Under average

Average

Under average

Under average

Average ; good

Average ; good

J. Horsefield, Heytesbury,

Under average
Under average

Under average
Very bad

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under average

Average

Under average
Very bad

Under average
Very bad

Over average ;

very good
Average ; good

Over average ;

very good
Average ; good

Under average Thos. King, Devizes Castle

Under average H. W. Ward, Longford Castle
1 Gardens, Salisbury
.... J. Saltford, Ilsington Gardens,

DORSET

Under .

Under average

Average

Under

Bad

Average

Under

Bad

Under aver-
age ; bad

Good

Bad

Average ; good
under glass

Under
Average crop
Under average

Under

Bad

Under aver-
age ; bad

Good
Good
Good

Good, and very

fine

Very good

Very good

Bad
Average ; good

Puddletown
C. Hazel, Leweston Gardens,

Sherborne
William P. Leach, Bryanston

Gardens, Blandford

WESTERN

COUNTIES,

HEREFORD

Over average;

very good
Average ; good

Over ; good

Average ; good

Over ; good

Under ; good

Under aver-
age; good
Over average ;

good
Under average

Under average
Under

Under; bad

Bad

Under; bad

Under ; bad

Under aver-
age ; good

Very bad

Average ; good

Morellos aver-
age ; others

under
Average ; good

Under ; Morel-
los good
Over; good

Under ; bad

Average ; good

Morellos aver-
age ; good
Morellos good

Average ; good
Fair

Average ; good

Under

Average

Average; good

Average ; good

Average ; good

Bad

Over average ;

very good
Over ; good

Average ; good
Good

Over ; very

good
Over ; very

good
Average ; good

Average ; good

Average

Under
Under

Under ; fair

Bad

Under ; bad

Under

Under aver-
age : good
Much under
average ; bad
Under average

Over average ,

very good

Average ; very

good

Over ; good

Abundant

Over ; good

Average ; good

Over average ;

very good
Average ; good

Over average ;

Over average ;

very good
Average ; good

Good

Plentiful and

good
Abundant and

good
Average ; very

good

Over average :

very good
Average ; good

Over ; good

Good

Over ; good]

Over ; good

Over average ;

very good
Over average ;

good
Over average ;

Average

Under

Average ; Wal-
nuts over
Under

Average ; good

Under

Under average

Under average

Average

Arthiu- Ward, The Gardens,

WORCESTER

Stoke Edith Park
Charles Denning, Holme Lacy
Gardens

Arthur Barker, Hindlip Gar-

GLOUCESTER

dens, Worcester
Robert Palmer, Hagley

Gardens, Stourbridge
Waller Child, The Gardens,

Croome Court, Severn Stoke
William Crump, Madresfield

Court, Malvern
John Austen, Witley Court

Gardens, Stourport
Alexander Scott, Sherborne

Gardens. Northleach
S. Wathen, Kingscote Park

MONMOUTH

Average

Average ; very

good

Over ; very

good

Under

Very good

Bad

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under; bad

Under

Scarce

Average ; Mo-
rellos good
Average

Under ; good

Average

Failure

Under average
Average ; good

Average
Very good

Half a crop

Average

Average ; good

Average

Average

Bad

Under aver-
age ; bad
Under ; bad

Under

Under average

Over average

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average

Abundant

Bad

Average

Over

Under

Under average

G. Turner, Fretheme Court,

Stonehouse
JohnSowray, Highnam Court

Gardens
Thomas Coomber, The

SOMERSET

Hendre
William Hallet, Cossington

Farm, Bridgewater
Wm. J. Rowley, Kingsweston

House, Somerset
Alexander Ayson, Oxlon

DEVON ,..

Very scarce

Average ; very
good

Very few

Under ; bad

Average; good,
Morellos under
Under ; good

Under

Average ; very
good

Under average

Slightly under
average ; very

good

Over average

Partial

Average ; good

Under; good

Average

Much under ;
good
Under

Average ; good
Average ; good

Over ; good

Walnuts aver-
age ; good

Gardens, Kenton
David C. Powell, Powderham
Castle. Exeter

CORNWALL

Few grown

Average
Under average

Under ; bad

Under

Under

Very good
Average

Average ; good

Average ; good

Average

Average
Moderate

Under ; small

Under ; good

Under

Under average
Under average

Under ; good

Average ; very
good
Under

Very good
Abundant ;
very good
Abundant ;
very good
Over ; very

good
Over ; very

good

Very good
Plentiful ; good

Abundant ;

very good

U nder : very

good

Over ; very

good

Under ; bad
Under
Under

F. Geary, Eggesford Gardens
Geo. Baker, Membland,

Plympton
Charles Lee, Boconnoc, Lost-

wit hiel
James Murton, Pencalenick.

Truro
George Knox, Port Eliot,

St. German's

WALES.

Under ; very

good
Very few trees

grown

Do not suc-
ceed here

Under
Thin

Under; bad
Under; bad

Under ; good

Under

Under

Very heavy
crops

Morellos aver-
age ; good
Under average

Average ; good

Average

Under

Morellos ex-
cessive ; others

Under; very

good
Under average

Average ; good
Under

Moderate
crops

Average ; very

good
Under average

Under ; good

Under

Bad

Moderate
crops

Under ; bad

Almost a
failure

Under ; good

Under

Bad

Moderate
crops

Average ; very

• good

Very good

Average ; good

Average

Very good

Immense crops
of all

Over ; good

Excellent, and

of good

quality

Average ; very

good

Average

Very good

Immense cops
of all

Under ; very
good
Under

Average

A. Ballard, Glanusk Park,

CARMARTHEN

Crickhowell
Lewis Bowen, Edwinsford,
near Llandilo

Henry Howard, Castle

CARNARVON

Malgwyn
Allan Calder, Vaynol Park,

GLAMORGAN

Bangor
W. Speed. Penrhyn Castle,

Bangor
J. Muir, Margam Park,

Taibach

MERIONETH

Under

Average ; good

Over average

Average

Average ; good

Under ; bad

Over ; very
good
Over

Over average

Average ; good

Under Jas. Bennett, Rhug Gardens,

MONTGOMERY

PEMBROKE

Under

Under

Under

Under
Under

Average
Under average

Under
Bad

Over
Good

Under William Lee, Powis Castle

Gardens. Welshpool
Average Geo. Griffin, The Gardens,

IRELAND.

Slebeck Park

ANTRIM

CARLOW

Under

Under ; bad

Under average

Under

Under
Over

Over : good
Average

Average

Average ; good

Average ; good

Under

Average
Over ; good

Under
Under

Average

Over ; good

Average

Under

tinder

Under ; late
Average

Average

Under ; bad

Average

Bad
Average

Under ; bad
Average

Under

Average ; good

Under average

Average

Under
Under

Under ; b.id
Under

Under

Under; bad

Under average

Under

Good
Over ; good

Under ; good
Over

Full average ;

very fine
Average ; good

Average ; good

Over

Good
Over ; good

Average ; good
Over

Average ; good

Average ; good

Very good

Average

Average

Under
Under
Under

Geo. Porteous, Garron Tower
Thomas Bennett, Oak Park.

CAVAN

CLARE

Carlow
P- J.

W. Wilson, Dromoland Gar-

CORK

dens
W. Osborne, Fota Island

DUBLIN

J. Ellam, Brenanstown House,

FERMANAGH

KILDARE

1 Cabinteely
Under average William Magce, Florence
1 Court, EnniskiUen
Philip Wadds. Moore Abbey
1 Gardens
Under William Gray. Woodstock

KILKENNY

Very few
Under ; bad

Over ; very

good
Under average

Average ; good
Average ; good

Under ; bad

Under
Under ; good

Much under

Average: very

Average ; good
Average ; good

WESTMEATH

good
Under average Average ; good

Park, Inislioge
Under ; good J. Igo, Gardenvalc, Athlone

CHANNEL

ISLANDS.

GUERNSEY ..

Under
Under
Under

Average

Under

Under
Average

Average ; good

Under

Average

Under

Average ; good

Average

None grown in

open

Average

Average ; good

Average
Below avL-rage

Average [ Over ; good
Average ; good 1 Average

Over ; good

Over

Average ; good
Under average

.... C. Smith & Son, Caledonia

JERSEY

Nursery
Charles B. Saunders. St.

SCILLY ISLES

Average ; good
Under average

Over ; good
Average

Saviour's
Edw.iid Pond, The Vineries
Geo. D. Vallance, Tresco

Abbey Gardens

August 2, iS

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

141

MOSCOW BOTANIC GARDEN.

I WAS much interested in this establishment,
which, though not large, is well worth a visit. The
Orchids, to my mind, form the principal feature.
There were many choice kinds in flower, and the col-

the suggestion on the label to which we allude it is
probable that figures are more often consulted than
they would be without this ready help. It is more
useful than the authority of the name, which so
often is given on the label and so rarely noticed or
made any use of.

Ji'CJj /-^l @

Fig. 29. — MORINA COULTERIANA.

lection is well grown — being, indeed, on the whole,
the best we found in Russia, The labelling is very
well attended to, and a very useful reference is given
on each label to the best figure of the plant to which
it is attached. It seems a very good idea, and it no
doubt facilitates verification when the plants are in
flower. It is easy always to turn to Pritzel, but with

I noted a large specimen of Sobralia macrantha,
and of the kinds most worth notice in flower were
Cattleya Skinneri, Saccolabium guttatum splendens,
with very fine spikes ; Chysis Limminghei, Cypri-
pedium villosum, Brassia maculata major, and Lep-
totes bicolor ; but there were others, also fine, which
to name would make too long a list, and they would

be familiar to Orchid cultivators. A fine Vanda
gigantea, not in flower, I could but remark for its
superior development. I could not make a close
inspection of the houses severally, as time was
short, but it was easy to see that the collections are
choice.

The collection of succulents is good, and there is
a house devoted to Coniferce which, as a collection,
require greenhouse culture. Eugenia Glazioviana,
a not common species, attracted my attention from its
exceedingly graceful habit ; Ramondia pyrenaica was
in flower, and forms a very good pot plant for the
greenhouse. In one of the houses I found the finest
specimen I have seen of Combretum Afzelii. It
was not in flower, and flowers I do not remember to
have seen. Parenthetically it may be remarked that any
one who succeeds in blooming it should bring the
event to notice, as, so far as we are aware, it has not
been figured. In the Palm-house are some of the
best kinds, and a specimen of Pritchardia magnifica
amongst the rest is very fine. The new Cyphomandra
argentea, introduced in iSSo, I had not seen before.
The plant was not large, but it appears to be not
unlike C. betacea in habit. The leaves are elliptical,
and have a silvery upper surface broken with green
veins ; the under surface is purplish, and the plant is
ornamental and distinct.

Of the outdoor plants I was most struck with a
fine specimen of Scorodosma foetidum in the herba-
ceous department. Botanical readers may be interested
to know that a new laboratory has been built, which
though not large, is convenient and valuable for the
work that is carried on. It is entered from the
herbarium, where we noticed that the specimens
are all contained in those old-fashioned book-like
cases.

Hospitality was the order of the day in Russia, but
I cannot omit to mention the hearty reception
accorded by Dr. J. Goroshankin, the Director of
these gardens. W^ J , L,

MORINA COULTERIANA.

Though not the handsomest of its race, this is an
acceptable herbaceous plant, native of the sub-alpine
Western Himalayas. It is a tall-growing plant {2 to
3 feet), with Thistle-like foliage and yellowish flowers,
each rather less than I inch in length, and suggestive
of those of a Labiate, though really it is in the Teazel
family that we must seek for its allies. The two-
lipped flowers, each containing only two stamens, are
not what we should look for in Teazels (Dipsacece).
The curious involucel and ovarian characters, how-
ever, amply justify its position among the Scabiouses
and Teazels. Our illustration (fig. 29) is from a
sketch by Mrs. Dyer.

fHE pROPAQATOR.

The Propagation of the Different Varieties

OF THE AUCUBA, HOLLY, IVY, LaUREL, AND OTHER

Hardy Plants. — In most gardens of any extent are
to be found places which would be improved by being
planted with shrubs ; this in many cases would be
done, but for the cost of buying in the stock. Such
an obstacle could easily be removed if a little trouble
and attention were exercised to produce the requisite
material. The first requirement is a frame, which can
be constructed in the following simple manner, and
which, though rough, will serve all the purposes of one
of elaborate workmanship. The best position for it
would be under a north wall, against which three
small posts should be driven into the ground at equal
distances, but proportioned to the width of the lights.
These posts should be 15 inches above the ground,
and a piece of board I inch thick and 6 inches wide
can be nailed flatwise along the tops of them to rest
the top end of the light upon. At the bottom end,
which will be distant from the wall the length of the
light, three strong wooden pegs should be secured to
the ground, and to these on the outside should be
nailed lengthwise a board li inch thick, as long as the
width of the light, and i foot wide. To strengthen
this a piece of board should be nailed to the top of
the middle of the frame and to the middle of the
bottom. The sides can either be banked up with
turfs or boarded up. On the same plan any required
length can be made. Now with regard to the
internal arrangement. Sifted cinder ashes 2 inches

142

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

deep should be placed at the bottom, upon this a
4-inch layer of soil made up as follows : — The old soil
which had been used for pottint; purposes (but now
cast on one side as worthless) sifted through a Ainch
sieve and well mixed with a bartowful each of maiden
mould and river sand. The soil should be levelled
and made firm with a spade ready to receive a J-inch
layer of river sand. The light can now be placed
upon the top of the frame which is ready 'to receive
cuttings.

AucUEA JAPONICA. — The cuttings of this plant
should be taken off ripe wood only, and in this case the
top cuttings are the best. None of the strong shoots
should be taken but those of medium growth and well
finished up. These strong pieces, which should have
two sets of leaves on, and a joint at the bottom of
every cutting, must be taken with a sharp knile and
cut off below a joint. The knife should be drawn
across the bottom of the cutting, leaving a slight in-
dentation in the shape of an X- This plan should be
followed with regard to all large cut lings, and it will
be found that they will root more freely. They can
be dibbled in to the depth of 2 inches in the frame,
and firmly pressed in and well watered. With regard
to the distance they should be placed apart the pro-
pagator must be guided by the size of his cuttings, but
most of the hatd-leaved varieties do well when placed
in thickly.

Common Laurel. — Pieces should be selected of
the summer's growth, which are fully developed and
quite hard. They should be strong pieces, with four
to six leaves on each cutting, and they should be cut
off at the leaf-joint. Place them in the frame firmly,
and well water them.

COMMOK Ivy AND ITS VARIETIES. — For cuttings
of these plants the top and side-shoots should be
taken, because cuttings put in without a leading
growth often remain in the cutting state for twelve
months before they commence to grow. Pieces
6 inches long should be selected, and after taking one
or two leaves off the bottom of the stem, the end of
which should also be cut off with a sharp knife, they
can be dibbled into the pit to the depth of 2 inches,
and tolerably close to each other.

Holly and its Varieties.— For cutting pur-
poses in this case the side growths and smaller shoots
of the plant should be chosen. They must be quite
ripe and hard, and can be cut in lengths of 3 to 4
inches, and must be dibbled into the soil about
li inch deep. Each cutting must be firmly pressed
in its place and watered.

Ampeloi'SIS Veitchii. — Again, choice should be
made of ripe wood for cuttings, which should be
6 inches in length, and cut below the joint. Dibble
in as above.

The cuttings of all the plants above-named, and
others of a like nature, may be taken during the
months of July, August, September, and October, but
the great thing to be borne in mind is, what we have
many times pointed out, that the hard or ripe wood
only will make good cuttings.

Treatment.— ¥ or the first fortnight the cuttings
should be sprinkled overhead with a fine rose pot
every morning, giving them air on bright days, and
shading them with an old mat or piece of canvas.
The dead leaves should be taken off occasionally, but
great care should be taken not to disturb the cuttings.
They must stay in the frame until they are well
rooted, and then they can be potted off {potting is the
best plan for Ampelopsis, Ivies, &c., as they grow
freer when planted in the places where they are
wanted from pots), or planted out in a 4-feet bed,
each plant 6 inches apart. The climbing varieties
should be supported by a stick. T, O.
{To be C07iti7tued.)

thmtinm.

Spruce and Silver Fir. — Evelyn, good observer
as he was generally, had not recognised the difference
between the male and female blossom of Firs ; for in
his Silva, 3d edit., p. 102 (1679), he says "There are
of the Fir two principal species ; the male, which is
the bigger tree, most beautiful and tapering, and of
a harder wood and more hirsute leaf [the common
Spruce], and one sort which they call the Spanish
Fir bears its leaf like the Rosemary, with a white rib
underneath, and this I suppose to be the female,
which is much the softer and whiter." Referring to
the trees growing in Harefield Park, Middlesex
(belonging to Mr. Serjeant Nudigate), " where there
are two Spanish, or Silver Firs, that at two years'
growth from the seed, being planted there Anno 1603,
are now become goodly masts : the biggest of them,
from the ground to the upper bough, is 81 feet,
though forked at the top, which has not a little im-
peded its growth : the girt or circumference below is
13 feet, and the length (so far as is timber, that is to
6 inches square) 73 feet, in the middle 17 inches
square, amounting by calculation to 146 feet of good
timber : the other tree is indeed not altogether so
large, by reason of its standing near the house when
it was burnt (about twenty-two years since), when
one side of the tree was scorched also ; yet it has not
only recovered that scar, but thrives exceedingly, and
is within S or 9 feet as tall as the other, and would
probably have the better of the two, had not that
impediment happen'd, it growing so taper and erect,
as nothing can be more beautiful."

The Scots Pine. — I am delighted that you have
once more brought this tree before the public as
deserving of extensive planting, for, after all, I do
believe it is the best tree for general planting. I think
the Austrian Pine for very exposed places beats it for
shelter, but not for timber ; and the Corsican Pine
(Pinus Laricio) in sheltered valleys will rush into
timber, but in exposed places it blows over directly,
as it forms so few roots. Many persons imagine that
the quality of the timber of the Scots Pine is the same
whether planted on boggy, ill drained land, or on
comparatively dry, breezy knolls, but that is not so.
Years ago I took some pains in proving this, and can
safely say that there is no comparison between the
quality of the trees grown under the different condi-
tions. When the situation is damp the ground should
be ditched, to carry off the superabundant water.
The growth is slower, but the quality is excellent. I
know spots on Dee side where the timber, when cut
down, was like Pitch Pine. Then, again, there is a
spurious variety in the market raised trom seeds col-
lected in Germany, and which is not so good as our
true old red-stemmed Highland Pine. My advice to
planters is, give the upland to the Pine and the Larch,
while low-lying or moist spots can be planted with
Spruce, or, if stiff land, with Poplars, y. Rust, Bridge
Castle, Sussex.

mottled with silver. The profane would call it a
" kind of Ivy," at least we heard it so called at Genoa
once. The wise ones know better.

Aster Caeulicus.— A shrubby species, with
much branched erect stems, narrow lanceolate leaves,
and numerous small flower-heads of bluish flowers
surrounded by small linear bracts,

CoRONiLLA varia. — A very pretty leguminous
trailer, with heads of pale rosy-lilac flowers, and un-
equally pinnate leaves. Mules and tortoises eat it
greedily. Mr, Burbidge is warned accordingly.

Nemophila atomaria atrg-ccerulea. — This
fine new variety of Nemophila gives to flower gar-
deners a lovely hue of ultramarine-blue. A large
patch of it may be seen in full bloom in Mr. Samuel
Barlow's garden at Stake Ilill. It has a compact
spreading growth, and is singularly free of bloom,
even for a Nemophila ; it is of a rich deep hue of
blue — no coloured illustration we have seen of it does
justice to its particular shade of colour — a hue of
glorious blue wanted in flower-gardens, and which is
in no way impaired by reason of the presence of a
zone of black-purple round the small while centre.
This fine Nemophila seems peculiarly fitted to display
its beauty in the cool moist climate of Lancashire,

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

From Mr. Burbidge, Trinity College Gardens,
Dublin, come —

BUPLEURUM FRUTICOSUM, a singular shrubby
Umbellifer, with evergreen, leathery, oblong obtuse,
deep green leaves, and umbels of yellowish flowers,
fit (or the gardens of the curious.

Centaurea macrocephala. — A grand perennial
plant, with stout erect stems, rough lanceolate leaves,
and large heads of flowers, like those of a gigantic
Thistle or Artichoke, but the flowers are yellow, and
the bracts are brown and toothed like a fine comb.

Chrysanthemum Heue. — A summer-flowering
variety, with small rosy-lilac flower-heads ; very
pretty, but we do not want Chrysanthemums in
July.

Eryngium giganteum. — A fine plant, quite
architectonic in character. The rigid glaucous leaves
are spine-toothed, the flower-spikes cylindrical, packed
with small blue flowers, which reveal their Umbel-
liferous character, concealed though that be in the
stalk and foliage, A good test plant for the students
of "T. C. D."

Smilax aspera. — A trailing climber, with hook-
beset stems, and leathery hastate leaves, dark green

mn\\i Ijot^s and ileaninp.

Cypripedium Lindleyanum (Rob. Schbgk, ,
Lindl., Gen. Sp. On!:,, p. 531 ; Selenipedium Lind-
leyanum, Rchb. f., Xenia, i., p. 3). — As early as
October, 1S40, this species was described by Dr,
Lindley. Let our excellent orchidic patriarch speak
himself :— " I unwillingly consent, at the particular
instance of Mr. Schomburgk, to allow this plant to
bear my name, who have no title to the compliment.
It is a most remarkable species, with green, stiff
leaves, smooth and bordered with yellow. The stem
is 2 feet high, panicled, and covered with large,
hooded, erect scales and bracts, which are of a pale
brown colour, and densely clothed with brown glan-
dular hairs, The sepals and petals are of the same
colour, but the lip is dull green, with the sides
streaked with the same colour, and the border turned
inwards and downwards ; its sides appear to be
brought together as if the labellum were compressed.
The sterile stamen and stigmatic part of the column are
covered with stiff hairs or bristles." There is among
the drawings of Sir Robert Schomburgk a fine sketch
in water-colours, made in loco during my celebrated
countryman's journeys, kindly submitted for my use
by Mr. Carruthers, of the British Museum. The roots
are represented very thin and red. Peduncle light
red. Sepals and petals red, with darker veins. Lip
green, with darker veins. Staminode yellow, with
red. Now, after nearly half a century, the Lindleyan
plant is alive in Europe, in Mr. F. Sander's hands,
sent by Mr. Seidl. I am not enabled to judge
the living plant, but the dried materials just at hand
teach me undoubtedly that Mr. Sander has the very
thing. My elder specimens are from Sir Robert
Schomburgk, 1842, No. 727, and Mr. Richard
Schomburgk, 1842, No. 1097. I may only add that
the fine undulations of the petals were overlooked till
now. H. G. Rehli. f.

^HUlTg ^NDEFJ -C^LAgg.

Vines. — The very hot weather which recently pre-
vailed may have, in some cases, rendered the use of
fire-heat unnecessary ; where such a course has been
followed, and firing has not been resumed, it should,
now the weather has changed and continues unsettled,
no longer be withheld, for such a practice would
subject the Vines to an attack of mildew, by afford-
ing an atmospheric condition in which this destructive
parasite might spontaneously appear. It is the most
to be dreaded in low moist situations ; but even in
these it does not often affect Vines providing a warm
buoyant temperature is kept up, the ventilation
properly attended to, and atmospheric moisture main-
tained with discretion. Should it however appear,
there should be no delay in efTecting its extinction,
for if left unchecked it runs over the foliage and
bunches with amazing rapidity, working irreparable
injury. Its destruction is readily effected by the aid
of flowers of sulphur, which may be applied in the form
of paint upon the pipes after they are made hot upon
a fine day, when a free circulation of air to distribute
its fumes can be admitted. As the fruit is cleared
from successional houses of Hamburghs, &c., the
secondary lateral growths which were allowed to
extend during the time the fruit was ripening may be
shortened in, while the older foliage should be care-
fully preserved by being cleansed of insects by a
forcible use of the syringe or water-engine.

Where the wood is imperfectly matured, a warm
day temperature must be kept up in conjunction with

August 2, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

143

a genial current of air until it is perfected. The
night temperature for late houses in which the fruit is
commencing to change for ripening should not be
permitted to drop below 65°, a steady circulation of
air should be maintained both night and day, the
amount of atmospheric moisture be gradually reduced,
and the young growths allowed to push forward with-
out a check, except those that are very robust, which
should be entirely removed or stopped, according to
the condition in which the Vines are furnished with
foliage. The use of liquid manure must be discon-
tinued, but the borders preserved in a moist state
with clear water. See that young Vines are also
properly supplied with water at their roots, and
that no impediment arises from any other cause ;
use the syringe sufficiently to keep insects in subjec-
tion, stop the extension of growth when the limited
trellis space is covered, and employ artificial heat
until the wood is well matured and hardened, when a
dry atmosphere should be kept,

Strawberries.— At the time when Strawberry
plants commenced to push forth their runners the
outlook, owing to the drought, of securing a boun-
tiful supply of strong healthy young plants for potting
and planting out other than by entailing much extra
work was not a bright one ; in our case, however,
the much needed warm showers came just in time to
change our prospects, promoting a vigorous growth,
and giving us a satisfactory start for the ensuing
season. We would advise those who have not tried
the system of planting out young plants early in
August for the purpose of affording runners to do so,
and test for themselves the superiority of the plan
over that of relying upon older plants, for not only
are the runners earlier and stronger upon young
plants, but owing to the parent plants being of
moderate size they have the advantage of being in no
way drawn, as the others invariably must be through
being in a measure crowded by the older plants when
layered between the rows. By securing a robust set
of young plants the first step in successful culture is
gained, and a satisfactory result is therefore more
easily secured than is possible from plants having
weak attenuated leaf-stalks and weak crowns. We
have known cultivators, besides depending upon old
plants for offsets, leave the layering of them until
after the crops of fruit were gathered, and thus un-
reasonably limit the time for the plants to establish
themselves, to properly fill their pots with
roots, or to mature their crowns ; satisfaction from
such a mode of treatment cannot consistently be
expected. Where the shifting of plants into their
fruiting pots is not completed it should be followed
up with all possible speed as they become fit for the
operation ; discard any that have the appearance of
being blind, and see that enough room is left upon the
surfaces for the reception of sutticient water to moisten
the balls of soil through when dry . Over-filling the
pots would be a needless and continued source of in-
convenience. In selecting a site lor grouping the
plants upon beds of ashes, preference should be given
to one possessing a decline to the south, so that the
rows may be arranged in tiers, and the crowns of all
the plants be consequently fully laid bare to the sun.
Pots of Vicomtesse HCricart de Thury that have been
kept over and are being grown on for autumn use
should have their early blossom -spikes removed and
those left which show later that will ripen their fruits
at the time desired.

Pines. — Notwithstanding the present changeable
state of the weather making the work of shading
somewhat irksome, it should be properly conducted,
so as to prevent the sudden and powerful gleams of
sunshine disfiguring and crippling the young foliage
which has not been inured to it, or to avoid it being
drawn up weakly through the shading being kept on
when unneeded. Now that early fruits are gathered,
and there is spare room in the compartments which
have been devoted to them, any young plants which
have recently been shifted into their fruiting pots,
and unavoidably crowded together from want
of adequate room, should be replunged and allowed
the requisite space, /.£■., 2 feet apart, to enable them
to develope their growths, which, providing their
surroundings are satisfactory, will now make very
rapid progress. Let every encouragement be afforded
them by keeping a high, moist temperature, with
enough ventilation to keep the plants sturdy and pre-
vent a sappy, unfruitful condition.

On sunny days the temperature may safely reach
95°, and the structures should be closed at that degree

of warmth. The Oueens which were potted in
February, having now made considerable root pro-
gress, should have all suckers that show removed,
and be attentively watered with clear diluted liquid-
manure. Although it is necessary to caution the in-
experienced cultivator against over- watering, which is
a most injudicious practice to follow, it is equally
needful that the opposite extreme should be guarded
against ; instances have come under our own observa-
tion where to escape the evil consequences of the
former the latter error has been fallen into, and serious
results thereby incurred ; no pains should therefore
be spared to preserve the balls of soil in which are
young plants in a moderately moist state' — neither
dust-dry nor sodden — by only watering a plant after it
has been ascertained by close examination that it is
really in need of it, and then giving enough to moisten
the entire ball.

The last batch of Smooth Cayennes and Charlotte
Rothschilds should be shifted into their fruiting pots
not later than the beginning of September, and he
kept moving gently through the winter, to come in
for use the following winter ; and if a lot of these
varieties are started into fruit now they will ripen in
the late winter or early spring months — a time when
they are generally found very useful. Suckers being
usually plentiful at this season, it is a convenient time
to procure desirable varieties ; it is not necessary,
however, to have many kinds in order to keep up a
constant supply of ripe fruits, which can be satisfac-
torily managed with Ripley or other good Queens,
Smooth Cayennes, and Charlotte Rothschilds. For
the sake of novelty, however, we like to grow a few
others, and are now testing Lord Carrington and
Lady B. Lambton. Thomas Cooiiibcr, Hcndrc Gar-
dcnSf Monmouth.

|laul» and i\t\\ ^j<x\h\t

Stove Fine-foliage Plants.— The stove will
now be rendered effective by many of these
useful subjects. With the additional room that
is gained by distributing some of the specimens
of either foliaged or flowering plants through-
out the other houses greater facility will be afforded
to display such as are left in the stove proper to better
advantage. The Crotons will be found among the
most useful of this section of stove plants ; in order
to intensify the beautiful hues of colour to be found
in the various kinds now in cultivation but little shade
should be used to screen them from the sun's rays.
In following out this advice the better plan will be to
keep them apart from shade-loving plants, such as
Alocasias and Marantas. This can be done in most
cases without much extra trouble to the cultivator.
A close watch will, however, need to be kept against
injury to the tender foliage that is being developed
by the rapid increase of red-spider under such con-
ditions ; a free use of the syringe at least four times
daily will keep this insect in check. Fine-foliage
plants of the stove section delight in an abundance of
atmospheric moisture, but none more so than the
Crotons. Syringe them then both in the morning, at
closing time, and just about leaving-off time, also
again the last thing in the evening. The extra atten-
tion will be amply repaid by the clean growth which
is made by plants that are in a healthy state. The
rapidity with which a half specimen or even a speci-
men plant can be grown under favourable conditions
entirely does away with the necessity of attempting
to renovate a plant that is in a sickly state. Both in
the case of these and other plants, too, that occupy
valuable space, it would be far better in many instances
to be somewhat resolute and determined when they
have ceased to be aseffectiveas theyshould be,and cast
them on to the rubbish-heap rather than attempt to
patch them up for a season. There is more pleasure, we
think, in growing a plant to a certain degree of per-
fection from a small state, watching its development
as it expands in size, than can ever be obtained in
hoarding up plants just because they once were per-
fect specimens, but are now far past their best.

Some cuttings of clean, well developed shoots, with
good colour in their foliage, should be chosen from
among the Crotons and inserted singly in small pots ;
" Long Toms " are very good pots for striking cuttings
of such as are intended for future use as table plants.
As soon as the cutting pot has become well filled

with roots the young plant should be gradually inured
to the ordinary course of treatment. Alter this has
been obtained a shift into a 4-inch pot may be advan-
tageously given ; then in a lew weeks' lime there will
be an excellent table plant. The point chiefly to be
observed m these and other choice cuttings is to
retain the foliage close down to the pot. When this
shift is being given the future effect of the plant when
required to decorate a table is greatly enhanced by
dibbling in a few pieces of Selaginella Kraussiana
(denticulata) on the top of the fresh soil, where it will
quickly take root. In conjunction with the Crotons,
the Draca'nas form a large family of useful decorative
stove plants, and a^e well worth a little extra atten-
tion, especially in guarding against depredations by
the peculiar kind of thrips with which they are
affected in many cases ; frequent sponging with a
weak solution of insecticide is a sure remedy. A dark
coloured species of Aphis is partial to the young leaves
not yet unfolded ; these insects can be easily removed
with a camel'shair brush. D. Bausei is proving itself
to be a valuable kind ; so far with us it possesses the
desirable quality of retaining its foliage in perfection a
greater length of time than in many of the newer kinds.
It is richer in colour than I). Cooperi, dwarfer and
more compact in habit, and the foliage of good
substance. Propagation of the Dracaena had better
be deferred to later on, when more bottom-heat can
be obtained, as the fires are more pressed during the
colder nights, thus increasing the temperature of the
plunging medium. Do not, however, overlook some
of the grass-like growths of Pandanus Veitchii that
are showing a disposition to colour well ; each one
may take several more months to form itself into a
plant fit for use, but when it is once obtained it will
be worth a dozen, with erect or semi-erect foliage,
such as may be seen in the case of large cuttings.

Thin out the older foliage of both Alocasias and
Anthuriums, in order to leave room for the proper
development of the young leaves, which if now
allowed to perfect themselves as they should do, will
be ornamental objects throughout the winter months.
Look also pretty sharply after any symptoms of
attacks from either red spider or scale : the Anthu-
riums will be found rather more subject to the latter
insect than the former. Remove all flowering spathes
before becoming fully grown, except in the case of
Anthuriums that are cultivated for the beauty of these
alone. Give every possible attention to the culture
of Asparagus plumosus nanus and A. tenuissimus ;
these are valuable plants for supplying cut sprays
at any season of the year, but more particularly during
the winter months. Then they will be found to far
surpass the hardiest Fern in durability, effecting a
great saving in the otherwise severe usage that the
Ferns receive during that season. If any quantity of
furnishing material is likely to be wanted during the
winter in small pots, it would be a good plan to put
in a good stock of Ficus repens ; several cuttings in a
4-inch pot will soon make useful stuff for use
in finishing off the edge of groups and the like.
The same also should be provided in plenty of the
Selaginella previously quoted in this Calendar, and
its golden-lipped variety. Panicum variegatum, Iso-
lepis gracilis, Fittonia argyroneura, Sonerillas in
variety, and Tradescantias are all useful decorative
plants, which pay for being grown in good quantities.
Make the most, too, of any crowns of the variegated
Pine-apple (Ananassa sativa variegata) ; they are very
pretty vase plants in a small state, but require to be
grown near the glass to keep them compact. The
Phyllanthus furnishes a distinct type of foliage plant,
especially P. nivosus and P. roseo pictum, both of
which are of easy culture and free growth.

Greenhouse Fine-foliage Plants. — Amongst
these Ficus elastica is still one of the best, and any
cuttings that can be hunted up without injury to the
plants will prove to be useful stuff when established.
In the case of a tall, overgrown plant, the top or side
shoots can all be taken off for cuttings, and the
remainder of the wood be cut up and inserted the same
as Vine eyes, retaining the foliage when in a fresh
condition. On a par with the Ficus is that useful
plant for knocking about almost with impunity, viz..
Aspidistra lurida variegata ; this is easily increased by
division. We find this plant of great value in filling
up odd corners in the conservatory, thriving where
most plants would barely live. Should a plant of the
greenhouse Yuccas have become too tall, it may be
taken off close up to the lower foliage, removing any of
the latter that would in all probability die off, and
then inserting the head securely in a 6 or S-inch pot,
and place in a moderate heat where it will strike fresh
root in a few weeks. Remove it before top-growth
commences, otherwise the same will become unduly
elongated. James Hudson^ Gitnnersluyy Housi
Gardens, Acton, W., July 29.

144

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

■FIo'

Shows at Westwood Park, South-
MONDAY, Alls 4 < amplon : Seiton Park, Liverpool ; and

I Northampton.
Wednesday Aw 6 / ^^'^ ^^ Imported Orchids from Burmah, at
' '^ i Stevens' Rooms,

f Sale of Imported Orchids, at Ste\ens'

j Rooms.
Thursday, Aug. JJ Sale of Plants, Greenhouses, &c-. at The

I Hall, Stamford Hill, by Protheroe &

L Morris

{Flower Show at Bishop's Auckland.
Sale of a new Aerides and other Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Aug. Q_ Matlock Bath Flower Show.

Friday,
Saturday,

THERE are few flower shows held any-
where now at which may not be seen the
usual decorative Pl.^nt Groups. These eiTorts
of the taste of the arranger have, in fact,
become stereotyped classes in nearly all
schedules, and it is almost certain that should
one or two well-known exhibitors compete those
particular ones will win. These groups origin-
ally were exceedingly interesting, and gained
much popularity, but as time wore on and the
public became almost surfeited of them, their
interest declined, simply because they now
exhibit no variation in form or material, indeed
those who have seen half a dozen at* any fairly
good show do but see fac similes of hundreds
more such groups in any part of the kingdom.
It thus happens that the monotony incidental
to such exhibits tells against shows, for the
public decline to visit where they know so well
beforehand just what sort of objects will be
provided for their delectation.

Whilst the style of arrangement remains
about the same in hundreds of groups, some
slight divergence may be found ill the character
of the flowering plants employed, while in foliage
plants there is practically none, and that exhi-
bitor who has the most showy exhibits has, as
a rule, the advantage. But having seen groups
in diverse places and for several years, the
e.xhibitor naturally obtains and grows, as far as
he can, just those plants which seem most
favoured in group decoration, and thus it comes
about that in nine cases out often the nature of
the exhibits is pretty much the same, the dif-
ference in the groups being mostly found in
some slight advantage in arrangement. We
think most frequenters of flower shows have
begun to wish for some change in the nature or
general character of these decorative plant
groups, but perhaps find it easier to complain
than to suggest some variation that might
be found acceptable. But do not exhibitors
themselves feel that some change is desirable ?
We know that when originally introduced these
groups were favoured because they met the
capacities of those small gardeners who, being
unable to grow specimen plants, could yet put
up a decent group of ordinary greenhouse plants
in this decorative form.

On the other hand, it was pleaded, and with
some force, that these groups would best serve
to encourage the growth of inferior plants,
because in the ordinary arrangements it was
not possible to favour handsome specimens —
that, indeed, these would prove unsuitable, and
were much less desirable than thin plants that
would work in anywhere and accommodate
themselves to any position. There was much
truth in both sides of the discussion, but the
whole thing has now pretty well worn itself out
and some fresh break or start that would be at
once novel and attractive, yet of great service to
gardeners generally, would be hailed with satis-
faction. Perhaps from some of our corre-
spondents suggestions may come worthy of
consideration, and in the meantime we would
offer such ones as these : —

First a novel form of group might be obtained
by having a base for the group to consist of
compact habited flowering plants only, whilst
only foliage plants should be employed to dress
it, in accordance with the prevailing fashion. A
base of Begonias edged with Gloxinias, for in-
stance, or of scarlet Pelargoniums edged with

pink ones, elegant Palms, Ferns, Dracaenas, &c.,
rising from out of these, would be in quite a new
style, but whether pleasing remains to be seen.
Conversely groups composed of solid carpets of
greenery, or of silver or other variegated foliage,
from out of which rise only flowering plants,
might be made to look pleasing, but there
should be no employment of flowering plants in
these carpels as is now the case. In by far the
greater portion of present-day groups we see
just about the same mixture of flowering and
foliage plants— indeed, the copying is painful
and monotonous.

Of form of plant group it seems impossible to
obtain much satisfactory variation, for it is
found that a bold semicircular front always
gives the best artistic eftect, and is at the same
time the most pleasing. Still, any bold effort to
break away from this stereotyped form, if it can
be done without detriment to beauty and
elegance, should be hailed with pleasure. The
great want is originality, but it unfortunately
happens that whilst the one in a thousand may
be original, the rest may only prove admirable
copyists. Will flower show committees, in pre-
paring their schedules of prizes next year, in-
clude a class for plant groups that shall exhibit
a decided novelty, and boldness in arrangement,
so that fair opportunity may be given to deco-
rative geniuses in various districts to exhibit
their skill .' Such liberality may perchance bring
an ample reward.

The returns of The Fruit Crops, which,
by the courtesy of our correspondents, we
are this week enabled to publish from all
parts of Great Britain, are, we fear, not calcu-
lated to revive the hopes of the gardener or
farmer who trusts to fruit growing to counter-
balance his losses in other directions. It is
true that there are exceptions here and there,
but on the whole we can but record a failure.
One special exception we have to note this
year, and, indeed, generally— the small and soft
fruits. Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries, and
Strawberries are mostly abundant ; and if some
of these do not travel well, others present no
difficulty in this way. The soft fruit may
readily be turned into jam on the spot, and the
evil effects of a glut in the market or of bruising
in carriage may thus be averted.

There is little doubt as to the cause of the
present scanty fruit crop. It is the old story of
spring frosts. The wood and buds were ripened
well last autumn, and everything promised a
full crop, the tender leaves of Hope were put
forth, the next day came a frost — "a
killing frost." This is so common an occur-
rence that it may almost be looked on as the
normal state with which fruit growers have to
reckon. Foreign competition will probably be
severe, the more so as we hear that much of
the fruit which would, under ordinary circum-
stances, be consumed in Paris is likely to be
sent over here, as the fear of cholera has very
materially lessened the demand in the French
towns. Incidentally it may be said that fruit,
even if unripe or over-ripe, cannot of itself
produce cholera, and that those who partake in
moderation of wholesome fruit, as reasonable
persons should do, need not be under the
slightest apprehension that they will thereby be
rendering themselves more liable to cholera, or,
indeed, to any other disease whatever.

As a general summary of the condition of the
fruit crops past, present, and prospective, we
may say that : —

Apricots are under average, except in Lin-
colnshire and a few of the Midland Counties.

Plums are under average almost everywhere.

Cherries have yielded a good average.

Peaches and Nectarines are under average,
except in the Southern and Western Counties,
where the crops are about an average. Of
course this applies to outdoor fruit.

Apples are under average almost everywhere.
A few localities only claim " An average."

Pears are under average everywhere.

Small fruits are a very good average, or per-
haps a little over average.

Strawberries were over average and fine in
quality, but were soon over, from the effect of
heat.

Nuts are under average in Scotland and the
Northern Counties of England ; in the Midland
and Southern Counties somewhat better crops
are reported, though in some parts of Kent
Nuts are conspicuous by their absence. Wal-
nuts seem rather more abundant.

With the certain prospect that there will
be little autumn fruit to gather, and assured
of the worst, fruit growers are naturally
thinking no'* of the outlook for the coming
year. Business men, great as may be their
losses from time to time, cannot afford to
despair. It is wisest to accept the inevitable
and to make the best of a bad condition, still
looking hopefully for better things in time. The
growers argue, two such disasters can hardly
happen in successive seasons. Therefore the
probable fruitfulness or otherwise of all kinds
of hardy fruit trees naturally forms an interest-
ing subject of observation, and having regard
to the absence of check to abundant growth
because of the lack of fruit, we see the
grower absolutely rejoicing at the long-continued
drought, or comparative drought ; for through-
out the Midland and Southern Counties, at
least, no rain has fallen that can in any way
materially affect the roots of the trees. They
reason that a flood of moisture just now would
promote such an activity of vegetation as to
endanger the now forming and ripening buds
on the wood, and possibly produce an abnormal
autumn growth that would prove most injuri-
ous. Ample wood has already been produced,
and the one great need is the thorough ripen-
ing of what is formed. This continued dryness
for a few weeks longer will materially aid,
whilst there is yet ample life and vigour in the
trees, to create and mature fruit-buds— indeed,
these are already plentiful and stout, so that
whatever may be the result another year
(should all things go well during the remainder
of the present season), there will be no lack of
bloom, and without that factor fruit crops can-
not possibly follow.

Dendroeium Benson.e.— Hailed as one of

the best introductions of the day when sent over from
Moulmein by Colonel Benson to Messrs. Jas. Veitck
& Sons, of Chelsea, neatly twenty years ago, this
lovely Dendrobe at once became a great favourite, the
attractiveness of its lovely white flowers, relieved and
enriched by their bright orange and maroon blotched
labellums, and the profusion with which they are
produced, recommending it to all lovers of beautiful
flowers. Soon, however, it was found that the plant
was not a good doer in every one's hands, and that
even with those who managed it best it was in the
habit of departing from them suddenly and without
giving much sign of decay. In consequence of its
Impatience under culture it has been imported and
has become scarce again several times, its value rising
and falling in a most extraordinary manner — so much
so, indeed, that the first few small plants offered at
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris' this year realised
from £l to £^ each. That the plant is not unmanage-
able, however, the specimen belonging to the Hon.
and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, of Lamoran, Probus,
Cornwall, from whose plant our illustration (fig. 30)
was taken, and many other good specimens in difterent
parts of the country, which have grown on from year
to year, always improving, sufficiently demonstrates ;
it therefore but remains for those who do not succeed
well with it to endeavour to find in what particular
their treatment errs, and success will be assured.
Dendrobium Bensoni.-e should be grown in a warm,
airy house. It is safest in a basket, in peat and sphag-
num, but the less material of any kind in reason
it has about its roots the better. During the rooting
season, and until the growths are fully matured, the
plants should be copiously watered or dipped, but
after the leaves fall off, and while it is in bloom, it

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— hvcv%r 2, 1884.

F»G. 30.— DENDROEIUM BENSON^ : Sf IKE WITH THIRTY-THREE FLOWERS, GROWN BY THE HON'. AND REV. J. T. BOSCAWEN,

146

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

should be kept in a rather dry intermediate house, and
only just kept moist at the roots. The profusion with
which this plant produces its flowers plays a very
great part in the destruction of small or weak pieces ;
it is therefore advisable with such to pick off the
flower-buds as soon as they appear : the plants will
then be able to put all their strength into the
new growths, A pretty while and yellow variety
without any dark marking (D. B. xanthina), and
another in which the orange colour (D. B. aurantiaca)
is very bright, also come in small quantities with
every importation. Mr. Boscawen informs us that
he bought his specimen when in a thum-bpot, some
years since, that he has never shifted it from the pot,
but about three years ago he placed it, pot and all,
in a small basket, with sphagnum. The basket was
placed in a house with a tank and well exposed to
the sun ; in fact, the plant was never shaded, but it
was watered at the root twice a day in hot weather,
but never over the leaves. The plant was rested in a
dry house with plenty of air, but still exposed to the
sun, and no water at all was given till the flower-buds
appeared, in May, when moister, warmer treatment
was adopted. The spike figured was one of five,
about equal in size. All were cut, to the owner's
disgust, during his absence, but the plant is now
growing as well as ever,

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent

Institution.— Mr. Ceorge Forty, Gardener to
Captain Hargreaves, The Mount, Bishopstoke,
has, we hear, obtained permission from his employer
to throw open his grounds on Monday next, August 4,
in aid of the Pension Augmentation Fund of this In-
stitution. Captain Hargreaves has also very kindly
undertaken to pay for a band, so that the receipts
may not be taxed for this expense, and we sincerely
hope that the day may be fine, and the attendance of
visitors as large as Captain Hargreaves and his
gardener can desire. We regard such efforts as this
with the utmost satisfaction, and should be much
pleased to see other employers following so good an
example. It is one of the most legitimate methods of
" raising the wind " in aid of the Institution ; and a
large sum might soon be obtained if gardeners gene-
rally would but do their best. We understand that
the amount collected this year up to the 2Sth ult, is
^524 \f>s. 6d.

Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums.— The last of

the divisions of the Pelargonium family taken in
hand by the raisers of new kinds is the Ivy-leaved
section, and with them the improvement effected has
been rapid and marked in the character of the indi-
vidual flowers, but still more so in their freedom of
production, manyof the newer varieties being extremely
floriferous. Like others of the genus their continuous
disposition to bloom is not the least of their good pro-
perties ; another thing in their favour is that the
varieties now in existence afford a greater proportion
of soft colours than the zonals. As flowering plants
for hanging-baskets they have few equals, neither have
they for window boxes, in which we recently saw them
used with more telling effect than we recollect ever
before meeting with them. The house is a good-
sized one, the whole front is covered with a selection
of the best and most distinct kinds of Ivy,
kept in faultless order ; most of the plants
in the boxes are Pelargoniums selected with a view to
the colours harmonising ; one half of them are Ivy-
leaved varieties that form a drooping thicket of the
most pleasing shades, sufficiently irregular in outline
to avoid formality. These Pelargoniums, with their
luxuriant background of Ivy, constitute as pretty a
picture as could well be imagined. The double-
flowered varieties are excellent for this sort of work,
the following being amongst the best :— Abel Carriere,
flowers large, colour magenta, feathered with maroon ;
La Rosiere, soft rose ; Jeanne d'Arc, white, suffused
with lavender ; Congo, lilac, with silvery-white
edges ; Viscountess Cranbrook, rose, shaded with
white ; Isidore Firal, light rose ; Mrs. Moore, white,
edged with lilac and crimson ; M. Pasteur, pink,
shaded with magenta.

The National Chrysanthemum So-
ciety.— Some thirty members of this Society paid a
visit on the 22dJ ult. to the nursery of Messrs. Can-
NELL & Sons, of Swanley, and were well pleased
with their afternoon's inspection of the special cultures
carried on in the establishment. In the evening the
visitors sat down to a substantial repast at the Lulling-
stone Castle Hotel, with the President, E. Sander-

son, Esq., in the chair, and the Vice-President, R.
Ballantine, Esq., in the Vice-chair. A hearty and
unanimous vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Can-
NELL, and also to Mr, William Holmes, the
organiser of the trip.

Marriage of Mr. Hugh Low. — The

employes of the firm of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
of Upper Clapton and Enfield, were entertained on
Thursday evening last, July 24, in the large packing-
shed of the Clapton Nursery, which had been gaily
decorated for the occasion, to celebrate the wedding
of Mr. Hugh Low with Miss Emily Florence
DORE, of The Grange, High I^oad, Clapton. The
company numbered 140, and Mr. Low occupied the
chair. He bade all his eniployh a hearty welcome,
saying, " We have assembled here this evening to
enjoy ourselves," and alluded to the good feeling that
he felt existed between them all, from himself, his
sons, and the heads of departments, to the smallest
boy employed. Mr. Frank Casey, the manager,
proposed the health of the newly-married couple, and
adverted to the kind and generous spirit of Mr,
Hugh Low, as shown whether in or out of business,
or with whomsoever he came in contact — boys or
men : there was always the same genial bearing that
had endeared him to all. He, Mr, Casey, had
nursed him as a child, played and romped with
him as a boy, and had worked with him shoulder to
shoulder as a man ; and concluded by proposing
"Long life, health, happiness, to Mr, and Mrs,
Hugh Low," which was enthusiastically received, as
were other expressions of good will towards the host
and the manager.

■ The Evening Fete held at the Inter-
national Health Exhibition on the 23d ult., in aid
of the London Hospitals, was generally acknow-
ledged, for splendour and magnificence, to be the (He
of the season, and may be specially alluded to in our
columns, as ladies of the highest rank, headed by
H.R. H. the Princess of Wales, presided at stalls for
the sale of flowers and fruit, liberal contributions of
which were received from all parts of the country.
Roses were especially favoured — from 25,000 to 30,000
blooms being disposed of — one beautiful basket of
Marechal Niel Roses, presented by Mr. G. Butt,
Kensington, being put up to auction at the Princess's
stall in the conservatory, realising no less a sum than
£'if\ 10^., probably the highest price ever received for
a single basket of flowers. Many of the leading
growers contributed large groups of plants and flowers
for decoration. The entrance vestibule or hall was
turned into a veritable flower show, with beautiful
masses of Roses from Messrs. G. Paul & Son ;
Carnations and Picoteesfrom Mr. Turner ; Begonias
from Messrs. Laing & Co. ; Pitcher-plants from Mr.
B. S. Williams ; hardy foliaged trees from Messrs.
Charles Lee & Son ; and beautiful collections of
mixed plants from Mr. Aldous, Messrs. Fromow

6 Sons, Messrs. Cutdush & Son, and H. J. .Atkin-
son, Esq., Gunnersbury. The whole of the floral
arrangements were carried out by Mr. Barron,
Superintendent of the Gardens, and we need scarcely
add gave great satisfaction.

Mascarenhasia Curnowiana. — The

advent of a distinct handsome-flowered evergreen
climbing plant is by no means an everyday occurrence,
and when one that warrants such a character makes
its appearance it sometimes is much longer than might
be supposed in becoming generally known. Such
appears to be the case with the plant in question,
which, as regards its flowers and leaves, is a beautiful
addition to our stove climbers. The leaves are op-
posite, lanceolate in shape, deep green in colour, and
on small plants a little bigger than those of the large-
leaved Myrtle ; the flowers are produced in umbels at
the points of the shoots, and from the base of the
leaves at the joints below the apices. They are tube-
shaped, the limb is 5-lobed, spreading, quite flat, so
as to be seen to the best advantage. The individual
flowers are about the size of those of Jasminum grandi-
florum, and bright carmine in colour, with deep
crimson markings at the base of the segments. The
individual flowers last well, remaining fresh on the
plant for a week. Its natural disposition to bloom is
so free that when we recently saw it in Messrs.
Low's nursery at Bush Hill Park, Enfield, small
bushy examples in 5 or 6-inch pots, not more than

7 or S inches high, were carrying several bunches of
flowers each, which half hid the leaves. Like some
other climbers, it does not show its scandent habit

in the first stages of growth. It looks as if it would
not be too rampant a grower, most likely in this
respect being|something in the way of Trachelosper-
mum jasminoides. It comes from Madagascar, and
will no doubt thrive under moderate stove-heat, with
ordinary treatment in the matters of soil, air, shade,
and moisture.

Roupellia grata.- -Notwithstanding that

this is no new introduction, it is less frequently seen
in gardens than its beauty and fragrance, and no less
the size of its flowers, would warrant. These are
large, rosy-white, and produced in cymes terminating
the branches, which are abundantly clothed with
large, leathery, darkly coloured evergreen leaves.
Like many other members of the Dogbane family, to
which it belongs, the long flexible shoots are admir-
ably adapted for training on trellis-work, as well as
in bush-shape with a little support. The secret of
flowering it, however, is to allow these long shoots to
develope, at the end of which the large handsome
flowers are produced. A figure of it appeared in the
Botanical Magazine, t. 4466, and a specimen in the
Palm-house at Kew has been flowering for some
time.

ExACUM macranthum. — No more hand-
some flowers could adorn the shelves of the con-
servatory than this showy annual. It is usually con-
sidered tender, and treated as such in this country.
Certainly it is a native of Ceylon, but it occurs on
the mountains at an elevation of 6000 feet, and con-
sequently delights in a more airy atmosphere than

that of a stove. It may safely be germinated in J
heat, and encouraged to make a vigorous growth, I
after which it may be placed in any cool airy house,
where the growth will be more stubby and firm. The
large terminal cymes of intense blue flowers, verging
on purple, will be of greater substance and more
durable. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t.
4771, and resembles E. zeylanicum in habit, but is
readily distinguishable by its round stems and broadly
ovate acute segments of the corolla, while the latter
has square stems, paler flowers, and blunt corolla
lobes. Specimens of E. macranthum may be seen
dotted about in different places in the X"f^ngs ''t
Kew.

Is THE Hollyhock Disease Dying Out ?

— This is the question we put to ourselves a few days
ago when looking upon a large breadth of seedling
Hollyhocks in Messrs. Sutton & Sons' London
Road seed grounds at Reading. Despite the long
spell of dry weather, and the fact that the plants
occupy an exposed, open, sunny position, and the
soil in which they are growing is somewhat light, it
was assuring to note that only very few traces of
disease were noticeable, and now that the weather is
cool, dull, and showery, the manifestations of disease
will probably not present themselves to any great
extent. The plants have made a vigorous growth,
they are tall and stately, and are developing wonder-
fully fine spikes of flower, in many instances quite up
to the quality of named varieties. They are treated
to some mulching with manure, and are watered
when required. This is not the only case where we
have seen this season Hollyhocks growing vigorously,
and with little if any trace of disease. Let us hope
it is less virulent, and likely to remain so, than it was
a few years ago. At one time the loss of the Holly-
hock appeared imminent ; it may be that the condi-
tions are now more favourable to its well-being than
they were a few years ago,

Bomarea Carderi, — This very handsome

climber, which a few years ago was received by Mr,
Bull from the United Stales of Colombia, can now
be seen in very fine condition at the Ilandsworlh
Nurseries of Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sihray, at
Sheffield. Here it appears to be perfectly at home,
growing freely, and flowering abundantly. It is a
vigorous growing twining plant, with dark purplish
stems, and these on young plants in pots are seen
trained up to the roof of a house, where they put
forth large heads of charming blossoms, reminding
one somewhat of Lapageria. There is a fine stock of
it in the above nurseries, and two-year-old plants are
very strong, and flowering well. The flowers well
repay inspection ; they arc of a light rosy-pink
colour, but, unlike those of the Lapageria, the seg-
ments contract towards the mouth, and here they are
marginally spotted with purplish brown. It appears
to be a continuous bloomer, as young growths start

August 2, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

147

from below the clusters of flowers and bloom in their
turn. In a small span- roofed stove may be seen a
large specimen planted at one end which has pro-
duced quite a cluster of fruits, or seed-pods. Its
vigorous growth is one of its chief characteristics, but
perhaps its fine condition here is due to successful
treatment. The plant was first described and figured
in these columns, p. 795, vol. v., 1S76.

Runner Beans for Market. —As those

at all conversant with London market gardens cannot
fail to know, the usual practice is to grow the Runner
Beans without sticks, planting them with the rows
not more than half the distance apart that is necessary
where sticks are used. To induce a bushy condition
of the plants the tops are pinched out when they have
made some growth, which naturally has the effect of
causing them to branch at every joint down to the
ground, thus not requiring any support, and in this
way an immense quantity are grown. The obvious
reason for adopting this method is to save the cost of
sticks and the labour of preparing and putting them
in. But in Kent, where vast quantities are now
cultivated, the growers are again beginning to use
sticks, finding that the Beans, which are in this way
so much cleaner, and a better sample, (etch a price
that more than compensates for the cost and labour of
sticks.

Mr. Bull's Orchids.— Their Royal High-
nesses the Crown Prince and Princess of Germany
(Princess Royal of England), with their three
daughters, paid a visit, on Tuesday last, to Mr.
William Bull's Orchid Exhibition at Chelsea.
The Crown Princess was presented with a handsome
bouquet of Orchids by Mr. Bull, and three of his
young daughters had the honour of presenting each
of the Royal Princesses with a bouquet.

School Boards and Plant Culture.—

One among many interesting sights at the Hands-
worth Nurseries, Sheffield, is a large collection of
plants being grown by Messrs. Fisher, Son &
SiBRAY for the Sheffield School Board. There
are in all 10,000 plants, composed of Balsams,
double Petunias, Harrison's Musk, Fuchsias, and
zonal Pelargoniums. This large number of plants
has to be delivered to the School Board on August 10.
They will be distributed among the children attend-
ing the different schools in Sheffield under the control
of the Board, and after being kept five or six weeks
they will be exhibited for prizes in one central place.
The plants are all in a uniform sized pot — a kind of
large 4S, and they are all stamped with the letter S.
The weight of the 10,000 pots was 4I tons, and
12,000 gallons of soil were required to pot them.
The plants will be delivered in the best condition,
and then culture under very different, and even diffi-
cult circumstances, will follow. It is said that this
novel experiment is the outcome of an effort on a
smaller scale, but so interesting and valuable in its
results that the Sheffield School Board have been
induced to attempt it on a larger scale. Who can
attempt to forecast the influences that may come
from this attempt to apply what Gerald Massey
terms the " Silent ministry of flowers ! "

New White Clove, Gloire de Nancv.

— A beautiful bunch of this deliciously scented flower
comes from Mr. Ware's nursery, Tottenham. The
large, pure white blooms, and apparently vigorous
habit, make it a fine addition to the herbaceous
border, or for growing in pots or boxes for balcony
and window decoration. For these latter uses
the Carnation, in all its varieties, is too seldom used,
and yet in Italy and the Tyrol, everybody has them,
but they are not trained so stiffly as with us, but are
allowed to droop, and then the blooms last for a
longer period, and are not spoiled by rain and a too
brilliant sun.

' Wild Ferns. — The wasteful plundering of

our woods and hedgerows, by peripatetic gatherers
and dealers, of myriads of beautiful wild Ferns for
purposes of trade, has again attracted attention in the
daily press, and drawn forth strong remonstrances.
One well known writer, however, deprecates this
attack on the wholesale collection and— perhaps it is
safer to say — destruction of Ferns, on the ground
that the plants serve to beautify many an otherwise
dreary town garden, although even he thinks that the
collectors should be induced — nay, prevented from
taking old stools, and be permitted to gather young

ones only. He thinks that if the old spore-bearing
Ferns are left standing they will continue to raise
seedlings plentifully. The danger of granting any
such permission — assuming that the old Ferns were
really respected — seems to lie in the fact that if all
the young plants are carried away there will presently
be none left to take the place of the old ones when, in
the course of Nature, those die. Another writer
urges that the best antidote for this wholesale robbing
of our wild Ferns is to create a taste in the
public mind for those beautiful varieties which
have come into commerce chiefly through the
nursery trade. That suggestion is, we fear, nearly as
practical as was the famous one of the French
princess, that if the populace could not get bread,
why not give them cakes ? What is so deplorable is,
that the vast mass of these stolen Ferns are brought
into our great towns to be planted in soil, and under
conditions, utterly unsuited to them, and they die.
Thus the country becomes all the poorer, and the
towns none the richer. Wild plants, especially those
so comparatively slow of growth as Ferns are, need
protection from wholesale plunderers, and it is about
time something was done to check a deplorable
practice.

A Short Pea Season.— Taken altogether,

this, in most parts of the kingdom, has been one of the
worst Pea seasons on record. The long-continued
scathing east wind, and accompanying frosty nights,
experienced through the spring, when the early crops
should have been growing fast, prevented their
making headway, and retarded their blooming until
in many cases those sown for succession were too
close on alter the earliest ; then the continued dry
weather brought the later ones in too near together,
unless where exceptional conditions for keeping them
in free growth existed, such as thin sowing, with deep
cultivation and plenty of manure in the bottom, so as
to entice the roots down, and sustain them, at the
time the upper surface was too dry to support healthy
growth. This points to the advisability, particularly
where space is at all limited, of making especial pre-
paration for the later crops o( this favourite vegetable,
and above all of avoiding too thick sowing— a practice
at all times wrong, but which in dry seasons has the
worst effects with plants like the Pea, which forms
horizontal roots in quantity, but which do not extend
far enough to reach either food or moisture that is
not moderately near them.

The " Daneerog " Poppy is the most remark-
able of the single Poppies. The flowers are beautifully
fringed, of a vivid scarlet colour with a white centre.
A group of these here and there in a herbaceous
border would form quite an unique feature during
this and the following months. The Marseilles Poppy
is very double, quite as much so as a double Holly-
hock, which the flowers very much resemble ; they
are white, very slightly flushed and spotted with red.
If Poppies are to find a place in our gardens, it is well
that the very best of them should be grown, and the
above will not readily be matched,

Presentation to Mr, Barron.— Some

rascally thief some time since basely imitated the gar-
deners' art of pruning, and removed the watch that
had been presented to Mr. Barron on the occasion
of the Apple Congress. Perhaps it might be as well
if the thief be not further acquainted with the effects
of pruning. Be this as it may, some of Mr. Barron's
many friends determined to give an example of the new
growth that arises after pruning, and accordingly
presented Mr. Barron on Thursday last with a
further reminder of the respect and good feeling
entertained for him, in the shape of a handsome
watch and chain. The presentation was made at the
Health Exhibition by Mr. Maurice Young, Mr.
Somers 'Vine being in the chair. Mr. Barron,
who was completely taken by surprise, made a
suitable acknowledgment,

Torenia peduncularis. — The habit of

this plant may be compared to that of T. Fournieri
in the erect stems, but the leaves are much broader
and paler green. The flowers are pale yellow, with
two purple spots on the lateral lobes of the lower lip,
and while they much resemble those of T. edentula,
a species introduced many years ago from the East
Indies, they are an improvement upon that, and
botanically distinct in having a small tooth on the
lateral filaments, a characteristic mark of the genus,
which is absent in T. edentula. The present species

is a native of the Lo-Fau Shan Mountains, being
one of those collected by the Superintendent of the
Hong Kong Botanic Garden, in company with the
Rev. E. Faher while on a botanical tour there,
{see p. 75) and sent to Kew last year. It is now
flowering in the Begonia stove there, and if not very
important horticulturally, is so for botanical purposes,
and interesting in a genus containing several neat and
attractive plants.

Trop.^eolum Empress op India. — This is

certainly the most distinct and handsome of all the
Nasturtiums, and it seems to be one that succeeds
well in the most exposed positions it is possible to find
for it, and a heavy clay soil to root into. Under
such conditions a long row of it is very effective in
the trial grounds of Messrs. Hooper at Heme. The
rich crimson-scarlet flowers are well set off against
the neat bronzy-green foliage,

Lavatera trimestris. — In the same

grounds Lavatera trimestris forms a neat group. It
is one of the most charming annuals for the border.
The plants are I foot high, well furnished with large
characteristic rose-coloured flowers ; a few of them
cut and deftly placed in small vases on the mantel-
shelf were very pleasing,

Billbergia Porteana. — The members of

this genus, as a rule, are gorgeous and showy plants,
not merely lor the flowers alone, but for the whole
inflorescence, including the attendant bracts. In this
case the bracts on the flowerless part of the peduncle
are unusually large, and of a fine rose colour, The
rapid development of the flower-spike is a marked
feature ; but, while that is so, the short duration of
the flowers is matter of regret. The persistent sepals
and ovary are invested with a white tomentum, con-
trasting strongly with the long pale yellow petals.
The whole plant is bold and striking when in flower,
and as that event is not of frequent occurrence it is
the more noticeable and interesting. Two plants
flowered lately in the stove at Kew, making it the
fourth or fifth that has thrown up an inflorescence
since its introduction there. A figure of it appeared
in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6670,

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 2S, 1884, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has continued cloudy, showery, and
unsettled in all parts of the country. Thunderstorms
were very general over southern and central England
on the 24th and 25th, and further storms occurred
locally on the 27th. The temperature has again been
below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging
from 2" in " Ireland, S.," to as much as 5° in " Scot-
land, F,.," and the "Midland Counties." The maxima
were recorded in most places on the 22d, and varied
from 62° in " Scotland, N.,"and 65° in the " Channel
Islands," to 74" in "England, S.," and 76° in the
"Midland Counties." The minima, which were
registered on the 26th at most of the English and
Irish stations, and on the 27th in Scotland,
were as low as 36° in " Scotland, N.," 39" in " Scot-
land, E.," "England, N.E.," and "Ireland, S.,"
and between 41" and 51" elsewhere. In London the
thermometer exposed on the grass during the early
morning of the 26th descended to 32'. The
rainfall has been a little less than the mean
in " Scotland, E.," and about equal to it in
"England, N.E.," but more in all other districts —
especially in " Ireland, N.," " England, S.W.," and
"England. N.W." Bright sunshine has been less
prevalent than it was last week in most places, the
percentages of pos.sible duration varying from 37 in
"Scotland, E.," to 1 8 in " England, N.W.," and 17
in "England, N.E.," and the "Midland Counties."
Depressions observed. — During the whole of this
period barometric pressure over our islands
has been influenced by depressions (generally
travelling east-north-easterly) over the northerly parts
of the country and small subsidiary disturbances over
the more southern districts, while over France and
the Bay of Biscay the mercury has been relatively
high and steady, winds varying between south-west
and north-west in direction, and moderate to fresh in
force, have consequently been most general over the
United Kingdom, but in Scotland towards the close
of the week a light breeze from the eastward was
experienced.

148

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

VARIATION: ITS CAUSES AND
EFFECTS.

That animals and plants vary as they multiply,
has been abundantly proved. To this variation are
mainly due all the kinds of form and quality we see in
living things about us. As a rule, it is through the
seed-bud that varieties in plants occur. Stem and
root-buds, or pieces separated from a plant, and made
to grow, rarely give rise to varieties. With regard to
the seed, it appears to me that two causes are mainly
concerned in initiating variation, viz. : —

1. The position of the ovule with regard to the
circulatory system of the mother, in the plant, and its
position with regard to the circulatory and nervous
systems in the animal.

2. The potency with which an ovule is fertilised
by the male elements.

Differences in the vigour, constitution, state of
health, &c., of both parents, will, of course, cause
variation in the progeny ; and so will the conditions
to which the progeny are subjected after separation
from the mother. I shall only deal here with the two
causes above noted, and will consider other conditions
as equal.

It is an axiom that " No two things can occupy the
same place at the same time," therefore it is next to
impossible for ovules (which eventually develope into
fully formed animals and plants) to be equally
potently fertilised by the male element, and equally
nourished either before or after fertilisation.

The nearest approach to identical conditions is,
perhaps, in the case of twins, or animals born of the
same litter ; or seeds growing in the same pod or
fruit. Twins, for instance, have the same parents ;
they are conceived at the same age, and physical and
mental conditions of the parents, and probably at the
same time. The same may be stated as regards the
young of the same birth and the seed of the same
pod.

Now, of twins, I doubt whether there has ever
been any case in which the one could not be distin-
guished from the other in any way and by any one.
The nearest approach to identity I have seen or heard
of (out of novels) was in a case of twin boys, born in
India of European parents. Looking at them no
difference could be noticed. The father, who was not
constantly with them, stated that often he mistook the
one for the other ; but the mother and the nurse could
always tell which was Tom and which was Frank.
This sufficiently proves that, even in this quite excep-
tional case, there must have been some difference,
whether of form, voice, way, or otherwise, by which
the mother and the nurse could tell which was which.

Admitting, then, that there is some variation even
in twins, conceived at the same time, of the same
parents, and under similar conditions ; whether of
parental age and constitution, telluric or cosmic, a
fortiori we must, of course, admit that it is impos-
sible for descendants of the same parents, but of
different births, and therefore conceived and nourished
under different conditions of age, health, nervous
strength, season, &c., to be other than varieties.
Add to this that after birth the individuals are sub-
jected to greater differences and variable conditions
than during their connection with the parent, and
one has not much difficulty in believing that indi-
viduals are only varieties, more or less pronounced —
that, in fact, individual and variety are synonymous.

It is interesting and instructive to watch a litter of
young pups. Tiie first born, caleris paribus, has the
first suck, and is, therefore, stronger than the others.
When the mother comes among the pups the
strongest sucks more quickly than the rest ; having
exhausted one mamma it struggles for some other,
already occupied. By its greater strength it dis-
places the occupant, and so gets a larger share of the
nourishment. This shows how a minute amount of
initial advantage tends to magnify itself in after-
growth.

In the uterine life of animals, and in the fruit or
food among plants, the ovules cannot, of course,
occupy one and the same place, and therefore,
although receiving perhaps the same quality of
nourishment, cannot receive the same quantity of it.
The chances are that the position of the vessels lead-
ing to the different ovules does not admit of their
receiving an equal share of nourishment. A greater or
less distance from the circulatory centre, a more or
less angular divergence from the main vessel of the
branchlet which carries the food, a large or smaller
calibre^.of this branchlet, &c,, will inevitably modify

the conditions under which the ovules may be grow-
ing. This argument also holds good with regard to a
prior stage of the ovule, viz., its cell stage.

This condition alone would lead us to the conclu-
sion, that it is almost out of the question that any two
individuals can eventually develope into similar beings.
We cannot, therefore, help admitting that variation
in the course of descent not only must occur, but that
nothing but variation is likely to occur. Hence, put-
ting aside ancestral inheritance, I think one undoubted
cause of variation is the necessarily different position
which each ovule occupies with regard to the parental
food supply.

A stronger cause, I believe, is the potency with
which fertilisation occurs in each ovule.

From a number of experiments I have made in
fertilising the Amaryllis, and of which I have kept
accurate records, in no case have all the ovules con-
tained in an ovary been fertilised. When fertilisation
does occur some ovules are potently fertilised, others
feebly so, and the rest not at all.

The ovule, with its embryonic bud, is vivified by
the admission of the male element (how, of course, is
yet a mystery), and the potency with which it is vivi-
fied has, in my opinion, a most important effect on
the after-life of the ovule, other things being equal.
This, of course, I can only infer from the enormous
difference that exists between individuals of the same
capsule, the conditions of after-growth having been
exactly alike in all.

In cases where fertilisation of the Amaryllis ovary
has been effected by one kind of pollen, so as to
equalise conditions, and the resulting seeds of the
capsule, sown at the same time, in the same earth and
pot, and under the same depth of earth — in short,
all the seeds treated exactly in the same way — never
has it happened that material differences did not show
themselves in the germinating power of the seeds,
some seeds germinating within fifteen or twenty days,
others taking a month or more to germinate. The
individual difference of vigour in the plants is evident
also in their after-growth. Treated exactly in the
same way, some of the bulbs belonging to the same
capsule will run ahead with ease, and flower early ;
others will linger on half way, and make but slow
progress, while others again hardly make any
progress at all, and appear to have had the
atoms of their ovules but imperfectly stirred
up by the fertilising process. I understand, of
course, that a somewhat denser shell in the seed
would require more time for the moisture to penetrate
it, and start it into growth ; this, however, could
hardlyrequire a month's time to effect in the Amaryllis.
Moreover, one does not see how a harder shell, when
once the seed has germinated, would affect the after-
growth of the bulb. In my opinion, there is little
doubt that on the potency with which the male
element stirs up the female ovule (other things being
equal) a great deal of the after vigour of the Amaryllis
will depend. It is not improbable that the potency
may depend on the number of pollen grains which
take part in fertilising an ovule (when it can be
fertilised by them) ; that is, on the amount of male
elements which come in contact with the female
elements contained in an ovule. Of this, however,
I know nothing.

Parallel instances are observable in the animal
world. Some children of the same parents are
vigorous, and grow rapidly ; others are puny, weak,
and generally delicate, which no amount of core,
nursing, &c., will ever turn into strong individuals,
capable of competing, by their own efforts, in the
hard struggle for existence. E. Bonavia, M.D.,
F.tawah,

ROYAL WOODS AND FORESTS.

The plantations and woodlands in the Royal
Forests, from which the exhibits are sent to the
International Forestry Exhibition at Edinburgh,
comprise in all about 53,600 acres, viz. : —

Dean Forest and Highmeadow Woods, Glou-
cestershire, about . . . . 19,500

Windsor, Berkshire, about .. .. ,. 10,000

New Forest (Hampshire), about 18,750

Bere Woods (Hampshire), about 1,434

Alice Holt (Hampshire), about 1,887

Woohner (Hampshire), about 870

Parkhurst, Iile of Wiyht (Hampshire), about .. 1,15*

53.593

They vary in age from about 300 years to three or
four. The main crop in all these woodlands is, or
was intended to be, Oak for the navy, but many

other kinds of trees have been intermixed with them,
so as to insure, if possible, having a crop on the
ground, and to provide revenue, as well as for nurses
to the main crop. The varieties consist chiefly of
Ash, Birch, Beech, Spanish Chestnut, Elm, Lime,
Hornbeam, Larch, Scotch Fir, Pinaster, and Spruce,
also latterly a few Deodars, and Corsican and other
Pines, &c.

It is difficult to give any information as to the cost
of maintaining these woodlands, or of the revenue
derived from them ; many of them, notably Windsor
and New Forests, being kept up as much for public
pleasure grounds as for any other purpose ; conse-
quently the annual expenditure is great. In Windsor,
for example, about 40 miles of gravel roads are kept
up by the Office of Woods.

The produce is disposed of, after the repairs of
lodges, fences, and gates, &c., are provided for : the
large timber for navy purposes, if any, then to rail-
way and other waggon works, wheelwrights, chair-
makers, &c.i and the smaller kinds for pit props,
fencing, rafters, railway sleepers, telegraph posts,
wood paving, &c.— the Oak bark, of course, to
tanners.

The exhibits comprise timber and other waggons
and carts, tools, specimens of fencing, gates, &c., as
used in the Crown forests ; cross sections of trees of
different kinds, grown on different soils, and planks
showing various defects and their probable causes ; a
copy of a register kept in Dean Forest since 1S09,
showing the difference in growth between Oak trees
(now 100 years old) transplanted, and never trans-
planted, a few photographs, &c. J. Campbell, in the
Cataloi^iic of the Edinburgh Forestry Exhibition,

J4o/V!E ;pORRE3POJ^DE]VCE.

The Aphis and the Storm.— There seems to be
an opinion prevalent among many that lightning
destroys aphis, which no doubt it does in some
cases when trees are struck, but that it affects
them otherwise, I have great doubt, although they
frequently disappear after a storm. This is more
owing to the washing the foliage receives than any
help from the lightning, and it was a positive pleasure
to stand and witness the pelting they received on the
24th ult., when hail and big drops of rain poured down
m torrents. I could not but feel a spiteful sort
of satisfaction in knowing they were being dashed
headlong to the ground, and drowned mercilessly, for
they have been a deal of trouble, as look where one
would there was black, blue, or green fly on every
shoot, twig, or leaf ; or if the insects were not directly
visible, excreta from them was only too plainly to be
seen. Beekeepers call this " honey dew," and evi-
dently regard it as a beneficent deposit sent to fill
their hives ; but I made an apiarian recoil when I
told him what it was, and he said he should not again
relish his honey. It is quite as well, perhaps, that we
do not always know what we eat, and it is to be
hoped that the process the matter exuded by the flies
undergoes in the bees purifies it, and makes it more
wholesome and agreeable than at first thought ap-
pears. If it had not been for the storm of rain
coming when it did, trees would have been in a
poor plight, and could not possibly have formed fruit-
buds for another year, so crippled were Plums and
Cherries in their young growth ; but now that they
are free from aphis, they will have time to right
themselves before defoliation begins. J. S.

Hypericum nummularium.— This forms quite a
pretty feature just now on the rockwork in the York
Nurseries. Its bunches of slender reddish stems,
clothed with roundish Moneywort-like leaves, sur-
mounted with large (for the size of the plant) bright
yellow blossoms, '{—i inch in diameter, are most
attractive. It thrives well in sandy or stony soil in
warm sunny positions. It may be remarked that it is
perfectly hardy. R, P.

Polemonium Richardson!.— Three species of
Greek Valerian are tolerably common in English
gardens, but the nomenclature is r.ither confused and
uncertain. The old Jacob's Ladder (P. ca^ruleum), a
native or naturalised pl.ant, with blue or white flowers,
also with variegated leaves, is well known. Next in
frequency we find one generally sold as P. reptans,
but not a creeping, though a low growing plant. The
leaves are large, nearly all radical, with about four or

August 2, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

149

five broad pinnje on each side, acute at the tips. It
flowers in a loose panicle of pale blue flowers, rising
about 9 inches, in April. It is sometimes sold as P.
Richardson!, and is liable to be confused with the
next, which is also common in gardens, and is a more
ornamental plant, namely P. humile. This, which has a
very neat habit, and long narrow leaves, with twelve
or more closely arranged cupped pinna: on each side,
is figured in the Botaniia! Rcg,islcr for 1S29, tab.
1304. It grows well in a moist light soil, preferring a
north or west aspect, and is an elegant and desirable
garden plant. It flowers later than the last, and the
flowers are of a better blue, but its foliage is its best
part. I now come to the plant which was figured in
the Gardeners' Chronicle in the autumn of last year as
P. Richardsoni. By the kindness of Mr. Loder, of
Floore, I obtained a piece of the plant which
was figured, and have now a good stock of
flowering plants. It is the best of the genus
for garden decoration, but I think it has no
right to the name Richardsoni. The plant to which
that name was given is described as a dwarf
species, closely allied to P. humile, and the plant
in question is the largest and strongest, though not
the tallest, of the genus. It is figured and described
in the Botanical Register for 1S29, t. 1303, by the
name P. creruleum var. piliferum. It is there said to
have been brought, with several other varieties of the
genus, including P. humile, from North America by
Dr. Richardson. In Sweet's Fh-i'cr Garden I find, in
vol. iii., fig. 1S2, a plant figured as P. sibiricum,
" readily distinguished from all others by its bipinnate
leaves," which appear to be its only distinction. This
so-called species has been produced abundantly in my
garden from seed of the ordinary P. creruleum, of
which it is certainly only an accidental variety. I do
not know where the true P. Richardsoni is to be seen.
C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, July 24. P.S. Since
writing the above I have sent the four species ot
varieties of Polemonium for Mr. Baker's opinion. He
confirms the names "reptans" and "humile," and
says that Richardsoni belongs to a variety of
" humile " not in my collection.

Bedding Violas. — If I were a gardener whose
duty it was to provide a display of flowering bedding
plants, I should always plant a good number ot Violas
of good self colours, for the production of floral effects
whenever I was assured of a cool moist summer. Of
course the difficulty in finding out beforehand what
was to be the atmospheric condition of a summer
season is great, and may be insuperable. Perhaps I
should be more correct in saying that no bedding
plants will prove so satisfactory during moist summers
as Violas. On the other hand, should the season
prove hot and dry, no bedding plants will give a more
unsatisfactory result. It is pleasant to read of many
beautiful kinds growing luxuriantly in the cool North,
where Violas and Pansies are so thoroughly at home ;
but here, in the hot dry South, and especially during
such a season as the present one, no plants give more
unsatisfactory results. The suggestion that the trial
of Violas at Chiswick should be enlarged would be
worthy of attention if Violas did well there, but as a
rule they do badly, in spite of having a somewhat
shaded border and good culture. The Chiswick soil
is too light and porous for Violas, and the average
summer temperature is too high to enable satisfactory
results to follow; therefore it is hardly worth enlarging
ths present number of kinds grown there. Really,
the Viola is a bad Southern plant as a rule. It needs
ample depth of soil and abundant moisture to render
its growth and bloom continuous. There can be no
doubt but that in the more recent kinds raisers have
got farther than ever from the wiry character of the
original parents, and therefore these children are less
able to withstand our sometimes hot dry summers.
A. D.

The Alexander Peach. — Since the remarks I
made on this Peach appeared, Mr. Gilbert, of
Burghley Gardens, Stamford, has most kindly sent
me a fruit of Early Amsden to compare with the
Alexander, but unfortunately we had gathered and
used all we had on the tree before receiving the
Amsden, and therefore I cannot speak positively as
to their identity, although I feel sure that the two are
the same kind, and differ only in name. If so, it
would seem that the Americans have been free in
christening, as I am of opinion that Hale's Early is
also synonymous ; but be this as it may, they have
sent us a valuable and good early Peach that ought to

find its way into most gardens. The only course to
settle the question as to whether they are distinct or
not, is to have fruit before the committee who meet to
adjudicate on such matters ; but the trees from which
it is gathered ought, I think, to be growing under the
same conditions as to aspect, or in the same house if
under glass, that the test may be fair as to their
period of ripening. To have a Peach that will come
in on an open wall in the second week of July is a
great gain, and especially one of such quality as the
Alexander, which is equal in flavour and appearance
to most of the old standard sorts. The Alexander— if
Alexander it is to be— must not be confounded with
the Alexandra, as the last-named is a seedling from
the Noblesse, and dilTers from its parent but little
except in being more hardy, and of a better consti-
tution and growth. J. Shepfard.

Cyclopia genistoides. — This is an old-fashioned
plant, which might be classed with the New Holland
plants, except for the circumstance that it is a native
of South Africa. New Holland, too, is a geogra-
phical expression now disused, and " New Holland "
plants are experiencing a degree of neglect which
would fill the old plantsmen with digust. The wheel
will, however, revolve as usual, and the New IIol-

FlG. 31.— CYCLOPIA GENISTOIDES.

landers will come to the front again and make people
wonder why they should have been so long neglected.
When that time comes the plant here figured. Cyclopia
genistoides, will have its turn. It is a glabrous shrub,
with 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets very narrow, and
appearing more so than they really are, from the revo-
lution of the margins. The yellow papilionaceous
flowers are freely produced at the ends of the shoot,
and remain for a long time, so that the plant is a
good summer flowering greenhouse plant, and suited
for cutting. The specimen here figured (fig. 31) was
received from W. E. Gumbleton, Esq.

Potatos. — Ah I if I follow the fashion of reporters
of shows, they are not of sufficient importance to say
anything about. Well, I was interrupted in the com-
pletion of my experiments at Woodstock, so I bought
this place to secure myself from interruption for about
another seven years, to complete my task. This is
the eighth year of my residence here, and it brings
me to the end of my tether. My work is completed
that I set myself to do, and I had thoroughly made
up my mind to have nothing more to do with Potatos.
*' Man proposes," Mr. Editor. Down came a little
box from Kew this spring, containing " Solanum sp.
Most likely S. Fendleri, an interesting and rare
kind, from Huachuca, Arizona." Have I forgotten
the amenities in not thanking Mr. J. G. Baker for
the diminutive tubers ? At any rate, we have heard
of a "ruling passion strong in death," and for the
last three weeks I have been pollen working vice
versa from those and my very last seedling, and most

certainly with better success than I could achieve
after four years unsuccessfully with S. Fendleri that
Mr. Pringle sent me from America some cycle
ago. I have managed now to gain some swelling
berries from the pollen from my seedling on
" Solanum sp. ," but I have not achieved the coveted
vice versA upon my seedling. The wild fellows, how-
ever, promise me blossoms for a few days longer, and
I have gained the best results from pollen of late
bloom before now, so I shall " stick to my last," and
I hope my ncio Potato friends will stick to me. Robert
Fenn.

Calamander Wood (vide Gardeners' Chronicle,
February 23, 1884). — I apprehend that Calamander
and Coromandel Wood are not one and the same, but
quite distinct. The first, which by the Cingalese is
called called Columedrya, and has been said, perhaps
with reason, to be the most beautiful wood in the world,
has, I believe, never been plentiful, and it seems now
to be impossible to procure pieces of any considerable
size. Some years ago I took much trouble, with the
help of friends in Ceylon, to procure some, but with-
out success ; a few years later a consignment was sent
to England : I saw this in the docks, and I
do not think that the heart-wood of any stick
was more than 3 to 4 inches in diameter. Such
small pieces are of very little use, for they do not dis-
play the peculiar beauty of the wood, which consists
in the great range of colour, from a light brown
to black, displayed in a large figure or pattern. This
figure is not seen to advantage unless the breadth of
the wood is a foot or more. There is also in Ceylon
a wood somewhat resembling Calamander, but much
less beautiful — it is known as false Calamander; also
one known as *' flowered Ebony," black and brown
in a small rather stringy pattern : the native name is
Weiraucarruwelli. Coromandel wood (at least, that
wood much used in the making of dressing-cases, &c.,
and so-called in the shops), is a wood of dark colour,
nearly black, interspersed with many small irregular
patches and lines of brown ; it is wholly different in
appearance to any of the three Cingalese woods men-
tioned above. It is, I presume, pretty plentiful, and
I suppose is brought from the Coromandel coast.
Alex. Nesbitt.

Geranium Wallichianum. — This Nepalese plant
is not often met with, being probably not very hardy,
and being difficult to increase except from seed. It
spreads from a single root-stem into many horizontal
branches, hardly rising from the ground, and dying
back in winter to the base of the branches. It is a
good plant for spreading over the edge of stone-faced
banks, or for growing on the face of a rockery, where
it will flower freely from July to October. The leaves
are divided into three acutely pointed lobes, and are
elegantly shaped, something like those of the Vine,
The flowers are in some plants rich blue, in others
dark pink, and are marked conspicuously with black
veins. They are as large as those of the native G.
pratense. I met with the blue form in the garden of
Mrs. Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch, to whom I am
indebted for the plant. The pink variety I had from
Dr. Lowe's garden on Wimbledon Common. I have
never seen either of them in any other garden.
C. Wolley Dod, Ed%e Hall, Malpas, Cheshire,
July 24.

Judging Potatos. — It is unfortunate, but it is none
the less a fact, that in the judging of Potatos at exhibi-
tions, as a rule, more blunders are made than arise from
the judging of any other garden product. Sometimes
this arises, as was the case the other day at South Ken-
sington, from a want ot knowledge on the part of the
judges as to the identity or otherwise of certain so-
called varieties, or else from equal absence of infor-
mation as to the points looked for in really good show
Potatos. Such an award as was made recently at
South Kensington, through which a collection of
three dishes, two of which were Ashleaf Kidneys,
was placed 2d, is all the more to be deplored because
these kinds have been proved over and over at Chis-
wick to be identical. Had these Ashleafs, under
similar names — viz., Veitch's and Rivers' — been put
up in a collection of even twenty-four kinds at the
International Potato Show, disqualification of the
whole collection would undoubtedly have followed.
Really, it seems incredible that any gardener should
be unable to produce samples of three distinct kinds
of Potatos at the end of July ; and still more, that
any other gardeners acting as judges should commit
so grave an error as to give to such an exhibit the 2d
prize. Some of this blundering arose also, doubtless,
from the fact that too many gardeners know little
of newer kinds, and refuse to admit that certain old
ones can be excelled. At South Kensington it seems,
unhappily, that the selection of judges is limited to the
Fruit Committee, and that body is just now deplor-
ably lacking in knowledge of Potatos ; but practical
knowledge does not seem to be an essential in many
of those who are so arbitrarily selected as members of
that body. As there is to be a Potato competition for
twelve dishes on the 26th inst., and very extensive
competitions in October next, it is to be hoped that

150

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

Mr. Barron will be permitted to obtain the very best
Potato judges, and will not be tied to members of the
Fruit Committee. Pebble White.

I see the judging of the Polatos at the Royal

Horticultural Society's show on the 22d ult. has
called forth a severe rebuke from your reporter. It
is to be regretted that no fixed rules are laid down for
the guidance of those placed in the unenviable posi-
tion of having to award prizes where the varieties
shown were so numerous and varied. The rule
adopted by myself and coadjutor was to award the
prizes to those which appeared the ripest and most
fit for early use regardless of synonyms. Your reporter
certainly went out of his way in stating that the
3d prize lot was the best there. Does he think Inter-
national Kidney equal to either of the varieties in the
2d award ? The only fault that he can find is that
Rivers' and Veitch's Ashleafs are notoriously the
same. If so there was a marked difference between
the varieties in appearance, as shown and rightly
awarded the 2d prize by M. M. P. [Our correspond-
ent's letter convinces us that the adverse criticism of
our reporter was just and well founded. On his own
showing "M. M. P." did not comply with the
requirements of the schedule. Ed.]

Potato Disease.— Mr. W. G. Smith in last
week's Gardeners' Chronicle (July 26) tells us that "We
have now passed J uly 20, and we have had no disease, "
and concludes therefore that Mr. Jensen's theory of
late and early seasons breaks down, inasmuch as this
year (1884) the disease should have put in an early
appearance. Now, the facts of the case are,
that the disease appeared at an unusually early date
this year, but owing to the excessive heat and dryness
of June, its development has been arrested. Why
Mr. Smith says "we have had no disease," I really
cannot imagine, because at the meeting of the Scien-
tific Committee on June 24 he himself reported
the disease from the neighbourhood of Bedford. If
" we had no disease," why did Mr. Griffin report it
from Pembrokeshire in the Gardeners' Chronicle^
June 28, p. 835 ? How came Dr. Masters to report
to the Scientific Committee held on July 8 that it had
appeared at Chiswick prior to his visit on June 30 ?
Why does Mr. Smith say in his report on the
Potato crop that it has appeared at Dunecht in
Aberdeenshire ? or Mr. Horsefield in Wiltshire,
or Mr. Hazel, that he found the " Schoolmaster "
severely attacked in Dorsetshire on July 21 ? Why
does Mr. Sowray say it has appeared in Glouces-
tershire ? In the Gardeners'' Chronicle for the pre-
vious week Mr. Smith says, " The fungus of the
Potato disease varies in its time of appearance, just as
noxious insects vary." The connection between the
Potato disease and insects is, however, I venture to
say, not very close. Certainly a figure appeared
some years ago in the Gardeners' Chronicle of an
aphis with a resting-spore in its leg, drawn by Mr.
G. Smith from one of Mr. Smee's preparations, put
up at the time of first outbreak I believe. This,
however, seems to me rather to favour the view,
that the so-called resting-spores are those of
a Pythium, especially as De Bary found the zoospores
of P. vexans attach themselves in great numbers to
the legs of flies and recently killed mites, where they
developed abundant mycelium, and subsequently
formed oospores in the interior of the mites, iSic.
With regard to the relative late and early appearance
of the disease during the past seven years, I can only
say my table was constructed from the data given in
the Gardeners' Chronicle. In order to be the more
sure of obtaining an accurate abstract I looked over
and summarised the reports purposely, without look-
ing at the date of the year, so that I should not be
biassed by any preconceived notions as to which was
an early or which a late year. I found that of the
139 reports sent in in 1877, which were made up
from July 26 to July 30, no less than seventy said the
disease was absent — absent, of course, from a gar-
dener's point of view. I therefore set 1S77 down as
a year in which the general outbreak was late, although
I was quite aware that Mr. Jensen found 1S77 to be
an early year in Denmark. That Mr. Barron sent
badly diseased Potato plants to the Scientific Com-
mittee on July 4, 1S77, does not alter the fact that
SO per cent, of the gardeners in Great Britain three
weeks later reported their gardens free from it. Such
being the case, I must continue to differ from Mr.
Smith, and still hold that 1877 was a late year in this
country. It is not Mr. Jensen's idea that these alter-
nations of late and early follow each other with the
precision of an oscillating pendulum. He speaks of
it as a tendency to alternate between late and early,
subject to the weather. Mr. Smith says, with per-
fect truth, that the time of the general outbreak is
regulated by the warmth of the sun, the rainfall, and
other causes. One of the other causes is that some
years more sets are planted with the disease hyber-
nating in them than happen in other years, therefore
there are a greater number of foci from which the
disease can start some years than others. The present
year has been one in which many sets were planted
in which the fungus was hybernating, hence

in May and June a great number of diseased shoots
were sent up, but the spread of the disease
was arrested all through June by the excessive
heat and absence of rain. De Bary has pointed out
in his remarks upon the hybernation of the Potato
fungus in the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal^
that the first appearance of the disease in spring is
followed by the dry season of summer, and that it
does not spread extensively until the rains of autumn,
"or, as was to be seen in 1S75, the wet weather
which occurred in the height of summer." In point
of fact, the disease makes its first appearance always
about the same time, that is to say, as soon as the
Potato plants appear above-ground. But this is a
totally different thing to the general outbreak.
The time at which the latter comes depends upon the
sun, the rain, and other causes, notably upon the
number of diseased sets. What the amount of sun-
shine and rainfall are to be in any year we cannot
predict, but we can form an estimate as to whether
the diseased sets planted in any given spring are
likely to be few or many. We know that those tubers
which are first attacked by the fungus in any year are
totally destroyed by it, so that the fungus and the
tuber perish together. The case, however, is different
with the tubers which are attacked late in the year —
they are not so totally annihilated by the disease ;
hence, in any year in which the disease appeared late
there will be more of these infected tubers available
for producing diseased sets the following spring. In
other words, an early is most likely to follow a late
season, and vice versA. Charles B. Plo-wriqht, 7, ATh"-
Street, A'in«'s Lynn, July 28.

For some weeks prior to last week I had

a pleasant open invitation to spend a few days in
Wilts, Gloucester, and Somerset, for an examina-
tion, under favourable and pleasant circumstances,
of the churches and prehistoric structures near Bath,
Wells, Devizes, Avebury, &c. I selected last week
because I knew from experience that it would pro-
bably prove to be the Potato (or rather Peronospora)
week, and fungology and archceology have always
gone well together. There is a sort of hetercKcia
or metcecia in the combined studies ; when one
has feasted on prehistorics Peronospora comes in as
an agreeable and healthy change. As soon as I
arrived at the house of my host on Tuesday, the
22d inst. I sought out the head gardener, who said
that a week or two before a slight attack of the
murrain had been noticed in a special part of the
garden, surrounded by walls, and some of the tubers
destroyed. We then walked through the rows, but
not the slightest indication of disease was to be seen.
On Wednesday I again walked through every Potato
row, with the result that no disease could be detected.
Thursdaymorning early the walk was repeated, with the
same result. We were out late that day, and did not
dine till eight. Between 8 and 9 o'clock in the even-
ing the gardener sent in a letter to say the disease
had appeared on the Potatos that day. It was
then too dark to see, or I would have gone to the
rows again ; but early the next morning I again
walked through the Potatos, and the tips and edges
of the leaves through the entire crop were thinly
sprinkled with the dark disease blotches of the mur-
rain. On gathering the leaves, the greyish-white
mildew of the Peronospora was seen everywhere
beneath. He must be a daring and even reckless
man who would assert that in this instance the Pero-
nospora suddenly rushed up from the tubers and
travelled to the tips of the leaves. Of course a cloud
of spores was carried over the Potatos by the wind,
and these living spores at once germinated and pro-
duced the putridity in the most exposed parts of the
foliage. The disease was bad at Avebury and round
Silbury Hill, invariably the worst in weedy, crowded,
badly cultivated cottage gardens. A patch of Magnum
Bonum at Avebury, although surrounded by badly
diseased rows, showed no disease. At Wells Beauty
of Hebron was attacked. In all other places visited
the Potatos were in the same condition — a thin sprink-
ling of the Peronospora on the leaves, some varieties
being worse affected than others. The crops raised
by railway porters near country stations were in
several instances in a bad state of disease, accelerated
by the overcrowding of the plants. It seemed pretty
clear that the badly tended places near railway sta-
tions and the crowded positions in little stifling cot-
tage gardens acted as hotbeds for the fungus of the
murrain. W. G. Smith,

Potato Disease, South Bedfordshire.— The
showery close weather of the last few days has caused
the Potato disease to spread in a marked manner. A
good many positions in South Beds are, however, still
quite free from the murrain. In other places the
Potato plants, as seen in the fields, have their leaves
thinly sprinkled with the purplish-black spots of the
disease. The spots are chiefly on the tips and edges
of the leaves. In some instances, as in the 8 or 10
acres of workmen's garden plots just outside Dun-
stable, the disease is now in a bad form. Certain
plots exhibit the murrain in every plant, and the whole
produce will, no doubt, be rotten in a very few days.

On returning home in the evening we noticed the thin
whitemists, socommonatthistimeof theyear, hovering
over the fields close to the ground. These mists, after
close hot days, as has been so many times pointed out
by your able correspondent, "A. D,," cause the
Potato disease to spread like wildfire. A friend at
Dunstable has tried the following curious experiment.
He had White Elephant Potatos badly diseased last
year, and he selected diseased tubers and planted
them in two long rows. By the side of these rows
he planted other White Elephant Potatos, which
were apparently quite sound. It is a curious fact that
in the produce from the diseased tubers every plant
is healthy, and the plants from the apparently sound
White Elephant tubers are the only ones which show
the disease in the garden. One plant which had
been raised from the diseased sets we had dug up for
inspection, and every tuber proved to be quite sound.
Such instances are familiar to growers. IV. G, Smith,

Jfordgii Corrtspaiibcnxt.

Bogota and How to Get There (continued
from p. iyS). — The Indians bring in Odontoglossum
Alexandra: and sell them about the streets of Bogota,
or supply the nurserymen or Orchid hunters there
with them at the rate of 4 dollars, or 13^. 411'. per
hundred ; these plants all come from the Patcho dis-
trict. It is a notorious fact, even in Bogota, that,
while the price paid for imported plants in London
has been.steadily decreasing, the price asked by the
Indians have been as steadily increasing. We may
take 1000 plants as an average cargo or mule-load
from Bogota down to Nonda, and we may take
8 dollars as an average price for a mule. That
means that it will cost close upon £& a thou-
sand at Honda without any packing or dues
upon the road. The road dues are light, so that
we may dismiss them from our calculations— but
the packing comes to a considerable item, and it has
increased very much of late years. Formerly, most
of the Orchids arrived packed in two-dozen brandy
cases of Martell or Hennessy, but now no Colombian
merchant will part with these, as a large trade in
forged brandy has sprung up, and it is necessary that
the spirit should be sold in the original bottles packed
in the original cases. This spirit should be carefully
avoided by every one, or the end may be rapid. The
cases made on the spot for 1000 plants will come to
at least £1^, so that the plants arrived at Plonda
will cost ^12, then there is an agent and his fee,
then the most precarious part of the journey,
that in the Magdalena steamer from Honda to
Barranquilla, where the plants are most liable to
sulTer from two causes— first, their proximity to the
steam-chest ; or, secondly, their exposure to the
sun. The voyage down is liable to being pro-
tracted to three months, if the river is low ; and
the delay caused by being stuck on a sandbank
is very annoying and irksome to the traveller,
and means nearly certain death to the plants.
When they have arrived at Barranquilla there are
either Mr. Stracey's or Mr. Struntz's fees to be paid,
according to whether you send them by Liver-
pool packet, or by Royal Mail steamer to South-
ampton ; the latter route is preferable, as they are
getting accustomed to the treatment of plants on
board these vessels, and they place them under decks
in the fore saloon, where not much harm can happen
to them. By the time the plants have arrived in
England they will have cost ^20 per 1000, and out of
the 1000 perhaps Soo will be alive— perhaps none.
To prepare the plants for their journey at Bogota a
room will be necessary to dry them in, and this will
take up time and money. It would not be safe to
start ofl' plants full o( sap and moisture at once.

One of the favourite excursions from Botoga is to
the Falls of the Tequendama, the outlet through
which the waters that once formed the lake of the
Sabana forced their way. I was told by the Colom-
bians that I should find it something wonderful in
falls — that Niagara was not to be compared to it. On
my way there I left Bogota about 3 o'clock one after-
noon, and drove to Soacho in three hours, then dinner
and bed. At 4 o'clock the next morning early colTee,
and a pony for an hour and a half to the Falls. It is
absolutely necessary to be at the Falls before sunrise,
or the sun's rays, mixing with the spray, leave one
with a most confused idea of the beauty of the scene.
The vegetation is most glorious, but there is not the
wealth of the Orchid world that I should have
expected. Masdevallia Shuttleworthii is the most
striking of the Masdevallias, and is distinguished by

August 2, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

151

the largeness of its clumps and the delicate hue of
its flowers. There were also some Odontoglossums,
but I could not distinguish them for certain. The
Ferns were glorious, and attained a degree of per-
fection that I had never seen before ; however, they
were all well known, and in ordinary cultivation in
English greenhouses. The height of the Falls, accord-
ing to the best authorities, is about 600 feet and the
width at the top 40 feet. My aneroid made the fall
about 580 feet, but a Colombian will tell you that it
is iSoo feet. The scramble from the top of the Fall
through the thick undergrowth is pretty tough, and
there is an absence of paths about it— they will have
to be cut when Cook personally conducts his tourists
to Bogota— that gives one an impression of the wild-
ness of the country. The view from the foot of the
Falls after the sun has risen is totally diflerent from
that before the rising of the sun. The spray forms
rainbows ever changing, and it is a scene most gor-
geous ; but, as I have said, to see the Falls themselves
one must see them before sunrise. After lunching
al/n-scd, and returning to Soacho, the carriage took
me back to Bogota.

Another excursion is to the natural bridge of
Tandi, and close to a good Ale.Nandr.^; ground. The
bridge is formed by rocks wedged together, and
seems almost human in its architecture, and the
rocks in its vicinity seem to have been carved by the
hand of man in some prehistoric time, but they are
undoubtedly the work of Nature. After seeing all
that was to be seen in the neighbourhood of Bogota,
and only regretting that I had started two months
too late, I returned to the Magdalena river and its
beat. Several excursions that I took up the country
to Ambalena and its tobacco manufactories, and the
cattle ranches of an Anglo- German firm, and the
general hospitality that I met with throughout the
country, repaid me for my want of success in the
Orchid-hunting line.

The country arosnd Ambalena, which is on the
Magdalena, is totally destitute of Orchids, but the
grass is wonderfully good for cattle, and most of the
meat used in Bogota comes from there. Another
excursion from there is to Kali in the Cauca, about
four days on good mules ; here is the herbarium of
Herr Lehmann, who, if he is at home, will be always
delighted to see any botanists or in fact any one from
Europe. Here Masdevallia chimsera, Harryana,
Veitchii, trochilus, &c., are to be found, and in fact
any Orchid hunter coming out from Europe would
do well to make Kali his headquarters. From thence
I returned in a dug-out canoe to Honda and down
the river in a steamboat which was perpetually
coming to grief. We had her badly snagged and as
nearly as possible went down ; half the cargo — which
consisted of Coffee— was spoilt, and left in the river.

The principal vegetable productions of Colombia,
which are exported to Europe, are all showing a most
marked and sad decrease. The bark o( Cinchona
suffers more particularly in this way than any of the
others, and it is a moot point with the cultivators
whether they shall go on with their plantations or not.
They send it all to Milan to be manufactured, after
trying to manufacture it themselves in Colombia ; but
the laziness and carelessness of the natives caused
them to stop their manufactories there. Ivory
nuts, which were exported to Hamburgh for a
few years in large quantities, and which were made
into coat buttons and children's toys, are now also a
drug in the market. The falling price of Coffee and
the expense and difficulty of transport to the sea have
rendered that also a non-paying crop, except a small
quantity for local consumption. Cocoa, which did
pay very well, and still does pay, has been attacked
by an insect which has killed the bushes as the Phyl-
loxera has done the Vine. In addition to all these
drawbacks there are the locusts, which eat up every-
thing, particularly everything choice or newly intro-
duced.

Sugar has never been exported from Colombia, and
this is owing to the lazy disposition of the natives,
who will not take the trouble of perfecting distilla-
tion. They distil two spirits from the cane — white
rum and anason — a mixture of rum and aniseed, and
a particularly nasty mixture though drunk by the
natives with avidity. Chicha, made from Maize, is
also a favourite drink and very cheap — you can buy a
bucketful for five cents ; it is a capital restorative for an
overtired mule. I have now gone through the
principal districts of Colombia, as far as I have
explored them for Odontoglossum Alexandra, and I
hope that I may have some imitators amongst our

more adventurous amateurs in England. Next year I
hope myself to go further afield in the Amazon regions,
and to discover something new. E. IF. Walker,

FOF^ESTI^Y,

Work for the Month— Planting. — By the
middle of August the transplanting of evergreens may
be carried on with every certainty of success, pro-
vided sufiicient care is bestowed on the operation.
Wet or cloudy weather is preferable for the work, but
should the weather be dry an occasional watering and
mulching of the ground surface will greatly help
towards a successful removal.

It should, however, be remembered that water of
about the same temperature as the soil in which the
plants are growing is far preferable to what is ob-
tained from springs or deep wells. Where none but
the latter is readily got, it should stand in open tanks
for at least a couple of days previous to being used.
A word of warning regarding the lifting and replant-
ing of shrubs may not be out of place.

lo lifting avoid cutting or straining the roots, and
raise with a good ball of earth attached — as large as
practicable considering the distance to which they are
to be removed and the nature of the plant in hand —
both of which will much minimise the risk of transplant-
ing at any time, and during dry weather in particular.
The pits should be opened of sufficient size so as to
avoid crowding or cramping of the roots, which in all
cases should be spread out to their full extent, and
the bottom of each pit made loose with a pick or
spade.

The plant being placed in position, and not deeper
than it stood in the nursery border, the soil is added
and slightly trampled on until it is nearly level with the
surrounding ground. It is a mistake to heap the soil
around a plant until a small mound is formed, as this
is well known to prevent, to a great extent, the rain de-
scending in quantity to the roots. Where large trees or
shrubs are transplanted they should at once be securely
staked to prevent wind-tossing, which not only retards
root growth, but is highly injurious to the constitution
of the plant as well. Prepare new enclosures for
planting by having the land fenced, cleaned of all
scrub, and, where necessary, drained. Thorough
drainage should take precedence of all other oper-
ations, more especially where the ground is damp and
of a retentive nature. In such ungenial soils, or
where plantations have previously existed, open good-
sized pits, and expose the soil turned out to the
ameliorating influence of the winter frosts. The
young trees may then be planted in spring with far
more certainty of success than if inserted immediately
after the conclusion of draining and pitting.

Thinning. — The cleaning up and thinning of
plantations for the first time may now be proceeded
with. It is, however, not advisable to cut useful
timber at this time unless for immediate use, or
where improvements are in hand. Mark heavy
timber for future felling. This can best be done
when the trees are in full leafage, as it enables not
only the unhealthy, but such as are crowding each
other, to be removed. In many districts trees that
were blown dowti by the heavy gales experienced
during the opening weeks of the present year, have
not yet been cut up and removed. Wherever
practicable this should at once be attended to, so
that the plantations may present a clean, tidy appear-
ance during the shooting season. Prune off dead and
twisted branches, stub out or otherwise remove such
trees as are dead or appear unhealthy, and pay strict
attention to ornamental or other trees growing con-
tiguous to or alongside carriage drives and walks, as
the branches of these are apt to infringe and prove
anything but pleasant to foot or other passengers.
Switch and clear up plantation drives and roads, and
see that all woodland drains are free from rough
herbage and fallen debris. Where game is abundant
such work should be completed without delay, and
before harvest operations are commenced.

NtJRSERY. — With an abundance of rain and moder-
ately warm weather weeds are growing apace, and
will require the adopting of strenuous measures to

keep within bounds. Sunshine is much wanted to
ripen tree growth, as well as crops of all kinds. Trees
upon which budding or grafting was done early will
now require attention in the way of removing young
shoots, the untying or slackening of bandages, and,
as occasion requires, the addition or removal of clay.
Towards the end of the month insert cuttings of such
plants as are propagated in this way. The cuttings
may be made of well ripened shoots about 9 inches
in length, and inserted in previously prepared beds of
rather a sandy texture, two-thirds of their length
being placed underground. Layering may also be
commenced, more especially from stools that have
been previously prepared for the operation. This is
a capital way of extending game coverts, more espe-
cially those of Laurel, Privet, or Rhododendron, and
should be practised by all having these in charge.
Preparatory to autumn removal young trees in the
nursery border may be side-pruned with advantage.
Double or contending leaders should also be removed,
either by pinching or pruning, and a well-balanced
head at all times induced. Collect ditch cleanings,
road scrapings, parings, and decayed vegetable matter,
and form into a compost with lime, which will make
an excellent top-dressing for the nursery borders. An
occasional mixing or turning must, however, be given
preparatory to the compost being made use of.
Attend to seed-beds generally ; the present weather
is all that could be desired for the removal of weeds
from these.

Fences.— Form new and repair old fences in the
forest, and leave them in the best possible state for
preventing the inroads of cattle, horses, or sheep.
The tarring, painting, or varnishing of all continuous
iron and wire fences, as well as those of wood, should
be pushed forward during dry, warm weather.
Remove herbage from along the line of fence previous
to painting, and rub well down to the ground level.
Tree guards and rabbit-proof nettings should also be
examined and have all defects remedied.

Roads. — During the present continuance of wet,
damp weather, the utmost vigilance will be required
to keep drives and walks in anything like a sound,
passable condition and free from weeds j opportunity
should, therefore, be taken of every dry day to further
the work as much as possible. Salt or carbolic acid
may be successfully used where weeds are abundant,
but in the application of either great care is necessary
to prevent the borders being injured by too close a
contact. The destructive properties of these as weed
killers are most marked in dry weather. Prepare.
" metalling " for use later on, and see that a sufficient
supply of gravel is obtained previous to being
required.

Drainage. — Repair river banks that have been
broken into by the late floods, and, as a precaution
for the future, plant Willow cuttings along the verge
of the water. Clean out watercourses and plantation
drains when the water, as is generally the case in
August, is at the lowest ebb, and remove all accumu-
lations of gravel or leaves from the mouths and along
the courses of closed drains.

Hedges. — Evergreen hedges should now be
switched or clipped, but in most cases the former
plan is to be advocated. To such hedges as are apt
to become bare near the ground a slight switching, at
least twice in the year — say early in July and again in
August — will be very beneficial, and greatly help to
induce a young growth near the ground level. Clean
hedges by keeping them free from grass and weeds.
A slight stirring of the surface soil is also of value,
allowing, as it does, the free penetration of rain down
to the roots.

General Work. — Bind faggots for home con-
sumption, and have them stacked or stored during
dry weather. The manufacture of charcoal will also
demand attention during the present month, as well
as the splitting of firewood and large branches for
oven purposes. Grass, Ferns, and Furze should now
be mown from amongst young trees, and along
the margins of plantations. If done previous to
shedding their seeds, a great amount of trouble will
be saved hereafter. As felling and planting opera-
tions will soon commence on a large scale, all odd
jobs of the above nature should be wound up by the
end of the present month, so that the workmen may
be concentrated when required. A. D. Webster,
Penrhyn Castle, North Wales.

152

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, iS

floillsla' |l0W4ra.

The Carnation and Picotee. — The annual
exhibition of the Southern section of the Carnation
and Picotee Society affords a good opportunity to
become acquainted with the new varieties, and to
compare them with those already in cultivation. It
is very pleasant, too, to find that the exhibitions have
been the means of creating a great and wide-spread
interest in these beautiful and sweetly perfumed
flowers ; and it may not be amiss to say that the
society in question has been organised and is con-
ducted on the very widest possible basis. There are
evidently some members of the horticultural com-
munity who do not seem to be aware of this, and may
do harm by producing a false impression, although
those who know better may be quite aware that the
writers in question are merely parading their lack of
knowledge.

Those who do not cultivate a full collection of
Carnations and Picotees in their own garden can
scarcely be expected to obtain such an accurate
knowledge of the various classes as those who study
them daily under their own eyes, and who are able
to compare one variety with another in the plant,
bud, and flowering stagesof theirgrowth. For although
two cut flowers placed together in a stand may have
a very slight shade of dilTerence between them,
if they could be seen growing together in the garden
the difference between the plants and flower-buds
might be very striking indeed. The bizarre and flaked
Carnations, the broad and narrow edged Picotees will
always be held in highest esteem by those who have
given the Carnation the most careful attention. They
are divided into twelve classes or sections, and those
who give their attention to seedling raising wisely
observe the classes in which improvement is required,
and give their first attention to that class. These
choice varieties of Carnations and Picotees are quite
hardy out-of-doors, and they flower freely enough in
the open borders, but to bring the blooms up to the
highest state of perfection it is necessary to cultivate
them in pots, to be placed under glass when the
flowers are opening. They ought to have ample
ventilation, and be shaded from very bright sunshine
when under the glass, but not too much so.

The improvement that has been made this season
in some o( the classes is quite as great as we have
seen in previous years. In Carnations Mr. Dodwell
has again made the most progress, while the Rev. C.
Fellowes has added some very beautiful Picotees to the
long list of choice varieties raised by him, and already
in all good collections. The popular border Carna-
tions are also not being neglected. Messrs. Veitch,
of Chelsea, have planted a large number of varieties
in beds and groups in their Chelsea nurseries, many
of them novelties. Some of these have no chance to
obtain Certificates as cut flowers ; it is necessary to
see their efl'ect in the open garden. The dwarf Clove
Ouida, (or instance, alluded to at p. 43, was passed
by the Floral Committee, and also by the judges of
the National Carnation and Picotee Society ; had
it been seen in growth along with other Cloves it
would probably have been certificated by both com-
mittees. To do the border Carnations full justice
they ought to be lifted from the open ground, and be
exhibited as plants. In no other way can their merits
as decorative plants be ascertained. The form of the
flowers must be subordinated to profusion of bloom
and habit of the plants. In the case of show flowers
intended for exhibition, quality, form, and colour of
the individual blooms must hold the first place.

I have in previous years passed in review the most
notable flowers in the various classes, and have
recorded the progress made in the previous twelve-
months. It is a great pleasure to again undertake
the task. Beginning, as usual, with scarlet bizarres
in Carnations, the best new variety in the exhibition
was Joseph Crossland (Simonite) ; it was grown in
our collection at Great Gearies, and has greatly im-
proved since it was exhibited last year, when it was
not thought to be good enough ; the scarlet and
maroon flakes are very bright ; it received the 1st
prize and a First-class Certificate ; the 2d prize was
awarded to H. A, Rolt (Dodwell), a promising
flower with broad flakes of light scarlet and maroon
on a good white ground. In the crimson bizarre
class there were several new seedlings exhibited, by
far the best being Mrs. Francis Whitbouine (Dod-

well), grown and exhibited from Great Gearies. The
flowers are finely formed, the petals being slightly
cupped, the colour pinkish-crimson and rich purple
on a clear white ground. It received a First-class
Certificate and the 1st prize in this class. The
2d prize and a First-class Certificate was
awarded to Crimson King, raised by Mr. Dod-
well, and exhibited by Mr. Douglas. It is dis-
tinct from every other Carnation in its very
dark purple flakes and rich crimson on a good
white ground colour. The plant is very vigorous
and of good habit. One or two very good scarlet
flakes were exhibited by Mr. Dodwell, and a good
rose flake by Mr. Douglas, but they were not even
brought before the judges, owing to the visitors being
admitted and crowding round the exhibits, where the
flowers were scattered about in the various classes.

Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, exhibited some
very fine new Picotees, the productions of the Rev.
Charles Fellowes. In the light purple class Juliet
received the 1st prize ; it is a very large flower, with
a good clear white and bright purple edge, which
was not quite smooth enough to entitle it to a certifi-
cate. Duchess is an exceedingly good flower, which
must be classed in the heavy scarlet edge ; and as
Constance Heron, by the same raiser, surpassed any
other in this section, so does Duchess surpass Con-
stance Heron in its broad, well-defined edge and pure
white. It received the ist prize in its class and a
First-class Certificate. Maude promises to be the
best light rose-edged Picotee yet raised ; it is very
clear in the white, with a very even, narrow edge,
and the broad, well formed petals of Simonite's Mary.
This also obtained Ist prize and a First-class Certifi-
cate. Orlando is a promising variety, very distinct.
It has large well formed flowers with a bright scarlet
edge.

Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, received First-class
Certificates for the following varieties, selected from a
large number of border flowers exhibited by them : —
Celia, delicate rose-pink ; John Barnet, a very fine
kind with deep pink flowers ; Mrs. Glen, a very
handsome primrose-coloured kind with broad well-
formed petals ; Miss Mary Anderson has similarly
coloured flowers, which would have been certificated
but for the presence of Mrs. Glen, which was thought
a better formed flower ; Harvester, a most promising
buff-coloured flower of the same colour as Florence —
it has smooth well formed petals, whereas those of
Florence are fringed. The Messrs. Veitch also
obtained a First-class Certificate for their distinct and
beautiful rose-coloured Pink, Rose Perfection. A
large bouquet of its rich rose-coloured flowers was
exhibited.

Carnations and Picotees in the Open
Ground. — While the exhibitions of the National
Carnation and Picotee Society are undoubtedly doing
much to add to the popular knowledge of these
flowers and assist their cultivation, the fact that, in
order to have such refined flowers as those seen on the
22d ult. there must be special and careful cultivation
in pots, acts somewhat as a deterrent. We have
known persons who visited a show of this character
who took a list of names, ordered plants of them,
and made a bed in the open air, and when the plants
flowered found the blooms were not equal to those
they had seen staged at the exhibition. This result
was but natural, and no fault at all of the varieties
or the vendor of them ; there was simply lacking the
careful culture, constant attention, and the practice ol
those little arts which enables the skilful florist to
present his flowers to view in such attractive forms.
And yet the Carnation and Picotee are flowers for
the million, as is abundantly exemplified in the
London Road seed grounds of Messrs. Sutton &
Sons, at Reading. There can now be seen in full
bloom a very large patch of Carnations and
Picotees raised from seed sown last January twelve-
months. When large enough the plants were
placed in the open ground in prepared beds, where
they grow prodigiously at the present time ; being
carefully tied up to stakes, they resemble a series of
diminutive Wheat sheaves laden with charming
flowers in the place of ears of corn, each plant pro-
ducing flowers by the hundred. There are bizarres
and flakes, edged flowers and selfs, many of the latter
being exceedingly beautiful and of high quality ; and
these are what the Continental growers call "foxes,"
what we in this country are terming "fancy " Carna-
tions, not a few of very eccentric marking, and all
very pleasing. Bushels of flowers could be cut from
the beds, delicately as well as richly coloured, and

highly fragrant. There is nothing in the way of
thinning or disbudding ; each plant has its own bent,
and produces in happy plenteousness its welcome
blossoms. Here, then, is a way in which any garden
almost can be made to smile with Carnations and
Picotees. Get good seed, sown early in the year,
plant out in good soil, give the plants support by
staking them, keep the soil clean and the plants
watered if the weather be very dry, and the cultivator
will be abundantly rewarded. But get good seed : it
is as easily attainable in these days as that of indifferent
quality. Z.

THE POTATO CROPS OF 1S84.

{Concluded from p. 107).
SCOTLAND.
Aberdeen. — The Potato crops in this district, both
late and early varieties, are all that can be desired ;
they are strong and healthy, and even in the tops,
and without that dreaded spot which is a sure indica-
tion of disease. AH I have dug in the garden here,
and all that I have seen elsewhere, are a heavy crop,
large in tuber, and of good quality. John Proctor, Gr.,
Stains Castle, Jtily 23.

We have now had plenty of rain for the Potato

crop, which, as a whole, I never saw looking better,
both in field and garden, and as yet there is not the
least appearance of disease. I have now been using
Sharp's Victor for the past three weeks from the out-
side, with which I am particularly well pleased ; the
haulm is dwarf, and it is a good cropper, well shaped,
and dry in comparison with Ashleaf, as I have tried
both together. R. Farquhar, Fyvie, July 23.

Berwick.— The Potato crops look splendid, and
there is no symptom of disease. We have lifted the
early varieties for seed, and never had them finer, the
quality being extra. iV. Richardson, Aylon Castle
Gardens, July 23,

Clackmannan. — The Potato crops look very
promising, and there is no appearance of disease as
yet. If the weather keeps good we expect that the
return will be above the average. Thomas Onniston,
Alloa Park Gardens, '/itly 25.

Cromarty. — Early sorts are abundant and good
in size and quality ; later crops are looking very
promising in both gardens and fields. With a few
exceptions, where the haulm has got slightly black-
ened with frost, there are no signs of disease at pre-
sent, y. McKay, Tarbat Gardens, Park Hill,
July 24.

East Lothian. — The Potatos we have been using
from the garden — Old Ashleaf, Myatt's and Veitch's
Kidney — are a fine crop and of excellent quality ; all
the other varieties look well, there being no appear-
ance of disease. The field Potatos are very luxuriant
and promising, in fact they look as well as ever I
have seen them at this time of year, L, Dow, The
Gardens, Newhyth, July 23.

Early Potatos have been very fine, especially

Old Ashleaf Kidney, which is much grown here,
being preferred to any other for flavour. In the
gardens and fields around all varieties look well and
free from disease. ]Vm. JMcKelvie, Broxmotith Gar-
dens, Dunbar, July 23.

Fife. — The Potato crops in this district, so far as
I have seen, look remarkably healthy. There is no
appearance of disease. G. Ramsay, fordell House
Gardens, Inverkeithing, July 23.

Very fine crop. No sign of disease. \V. Hen-

derson, Balbirnie, July 22.

Forfar. — Potatos are growing most luxuriantly
since the late rains, and promise a most abundant
crop. There are not many ready for use hereabouts
as yet. James Mitchell, Gr,, Panmure, Carnoustie,
July 23.

Inverness. — The Potato crops are very pro-
mising, the stems and tubers being free from any
symptom of disease. Of kinds. Early Regents and
Victorias have developed rather excessive haulm,
which retards the growth of the tubers a good deal.
The tubers of Fortyfold, Taylor, and (Jrampian, are
normally developed ; the former are quite mealy and
ready for table, the latter are rather soft. On the
whole, the Potato crop in the gardens and district is
the most promising, both as regards freeness from
disease, abundance, and size of tubers, that I have
seen here for a long series of years. An^ns Macdonald,
Balmacaan, July 22.

Kinross. — The crop everywhere looks well. It
is too early for this district to speak about disease,
very little of this county being less than 300 feet
above the sea (here we are over 500) ; so that unless

August 2, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

153

in gardens none have been yet dug. My kidney
varieties are a good crop and of very fair quality.
yohn Forlmie^ Gr., Blair Atiaw, July 25.

Linlithgow. — With regard to the above, as yet
all is safe and luxuriant. W. Miiir, I/oJ'cloiiii Gar-
dens, July 23.

Nairn.— The Potato crop is looking well both in
gardens and fields. James Mansoii, Kilravok Castle,
fort George, 'Jtily 24.

Orkney. — The Fotatos in this district are of excel-
lent quality, and there is no appearance of disease as
yet. Titos. McDonald, Balfour Castle, k'irk-vall,
•July 23.

I'EEBLES. — The crop looks well, and there is no
s'go of disease as yet. Malcolm Mclntyre, The Glen,
IiinerUithen, July 26.

Perth. — The plants are healthy, with no appear-
ance of disease, neither in the later or early sorts, the
crop being a full average one. D, Doi^, Rossic Priory,
Iiuhturc, July 23.

Potato crops very promising. The fine dry

weather we had in May and June seems to have
favoured them much. John Rol'l', Dnmimond Castle
Gardens, July 22.

Early crops of very fine quality, and good as

regards yield. P. W. Fairi,'ricic, Dnnkcid, July 24.

Renfrew. — Potatos in this district are looking
well, the early sorts are a good crop, and excellent in
quality. Thomas Lunt, Ardi^oican, July 25.

Ross. — The Potato crop looks well in this district.
D. Nan'cy, Inver^oraon Castle, July 25.

Sutherland.— Good crop of excellent quality.
D. Melville, Dunrobin, July 25.

West Lothian. — There is promise of a good crop
at present, but in some localities where early sorts for
fir t use are grown, owing to the continued dull wet
weather the lops show signs of disease. J, Moyes,
Dalmeney Park Gardens, Edinbttrgh, July 25.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.

Northumberland.— In this district the crops are
looking exceedingly well, and so far I see there are
no signs of the disease. The early varieties are turn-
ing out very well. Thos. Btni'ie, Chillini^ham Castle
Gardens, Belford, July 23.

Durham. — Garden crops are clean and good in
quality. Our early varieties were lifted without their
ever having been wet, not even by a slight shower all
the time they were in the ground ; quality good, but
small in crop. Late varieties are looking well as yet,
and there is no disease. Field crops also look well,
y. Hunter, Lambton Castle, Pence Houses, July 25.

YoRKS. — Early Potatos are free from disease, but
the crop is very light, though good in quality. Late
Potatos look promising, and are very healthy. R. C.
Kins^ston, Brantingham Thorpe, Brous^h, July 23.

The early sorts in this district are very good,

and we have found no disease. The late field
Potatos look very promising. Jos, Shaic, Nunapple-
ton, Bolton Percy, July 23.

Early Potatos are splendid in quality and a

good crop. No disease up to this date. Late sorts
are looking well everywhere. James Fowler, Hare-
wood Gardens, July 23.

Early Potatos are light in crop but good in

quality, and no disease. Late sorts look well ; in
fact, I never saw them look better, especially in places
where they are pretty well planted. IVilliam Culver-
well, Thorpe Pcrrow, Bedale, July 23.

Lan'cashire. — It is too early to form an opinion
of the Potato crop generally in this neighbourhood ;
at present they are clean and small. The early varie-
ties appear checked in growth ; later sorts are look-
ing well and promising. H. Lindscy, Huntroydc Park,
Burnley, July 22.

The Potato crops in this locality look remark-
ably well, especially the late sorts. Early varieties
tuS'ered a little through the drought, but not so much
as might have been expected, and on the whole the
) ield is good. F, Harrison, Knowsley Gardens, Pres-
cot, July 25.

The earliest were small at first, but they have

improved since the rain, and the crops altogether {i.e.,
second and late) are likely to be good, and so far all
are free from disease. //•''. P. Roberts, Guerdon Hall,
Preston, July 23.

Early kidney Potatos are very good both in

^ize, quality, and productiveness, and are free from
disease. I have never seen late crops look so pro-
mising. Andrew Jajnieson, The Gardens, Haigh
Hall, Wigan, July 23.

Cheshire. — Early kinds are moderate in crop,
and excellent in quality. Later kinds are looking
very promising, with no appearance of the disease as
yet. Robert Mackell.u; Abney Hall Gardens, Chcadle,
July 26.

Early kinds are light in crop, but good, and

very few are diseased ; but should the weather con-
tinue so wet much longer, I fear the disease will
make rapid progress. Later kinds, such as the
Magnum Bonum, Champion, Schoolmaster, &c., look
well on all sides. Alfred J. Grant, Withinston Hall
Gardens, Chelford, Crrwe, July 25.

Early crops are sound and good, though light ;

late ones look well. T. SelwooJ, Eaton Gardens,
Chester, July 24.

Deriiy.— The Potato crop is very promising, and
the early varieties, such as Rivers' Royal and Myatt's
Prolific, are very good. Up to this dale I have not
heard of an instance of the Potato disease in this
neighbourhood. Joseph Dawson, Stanetiffe, near
Matlock, July 25.

\'eiy good, and quite free from disease, but

not quite so large as usual. Thomas Keetlv, The
Gardens, Darky Abbey, July 21.

Notts. — Both early and late Potatos look remark-
ably well, and up to this time there is no appearance
of disease. A". Carr, IVelbeck Gardens, July 24.

Early Potatos have been very small ; late

crops, both in garden an-.l fields are looking remark-
ably well. I have not seen or heard of any disease.
J. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge, Arnold, July 2^.

Saloi'.— All kinds of Potatos here, both in gar-
dens and fields, are looking remarkably well, and
show no signs of disease at present. R. I\lilner,
Sundorne Castle Gardens, Shrewsbury, July 23.

StaI'T'ORD. — Early Potatos are very good indeed
this season, both as regards crop and quality, and so
far are free from disease. Late varieties are looking
remarkably well, and with favourable weather we
should have good crops. John Wallis, A'eele Gar-
dens, Newcastle, J uly 23.

Leicester. — Early Potatos are very firm and good,
but very small, owing to the dry weather. Late sorts
round this district are looking well, and at the present
there is every appearance of a general good crop.
James Maclean, Beaumanor Park, Loughborough.

Early Potatos are a light crop, and the tubers

are rather small. Late sorts look well, and the
disease has not appeared yet. Edmund IVainwrighl,
Nevill Holt, Market Pdarborough, July 23.

NoRTH.VMPTON. — The Potato crops are very good.
The early ones are turning out well, and late ones are
looking well, with no sign of disease up to this date.
Edmund Cole, Althorf Park Gardens, July 25.

Huntingdon. — Early Potatos are a light crop, but
generally of good quality, and free from disease.
Late varieties made little progress during the dry
weather, but now look very well, with the prospect of
a good average crop. VVm. Kennedy, Kimbolton
Castle, July 24.

Beds. — The Potato crop is small, owing to the
long continuance of dry weather, but very good. No
disease at present. 'Thomas Hcdiey, Putteridge Park,
Luton, July 23.

Early Potatos in this neighbourhood are a

fair crop of good medium size, and at present there
are no signs of disease. Late kinds in many places
about here came up very irregularly, owing, no doubt,
to the dry weather and want of tilth. We had a
thorough good rain on the 9ih inst. , which was much
wanted. Charles Turner, Cranfield Court, Newport
Pagnell, July 24.

O.xford. — In this neighbourhood the Potatos are
all that could be desired. The early sorts in the
garden are both good in quantity and quality. The
late sorts at present promise to be equally good. I
have not seen or heard of any disease in the neigh-
bourhood. John Greenshields, Sarsden House, Chip-
ping Norton, July 23.

Early varieties are very good indeed,

heavy crops of first-rate quality, and not the least
sign of disease. Late crops are looking well, but I
am afraid the tubers will not be large, as the weather
is a little too dry for them. Isaac Watson, Nuneham
Park, July 24.

Excellent crops, but disease has just set in.

J, Doherty, H-ro.xton Abbey, Banbury, July 25

Garden varieties are turning out clean and so

far free from disease. Early Snowdrop is a favourite
here. Field varieties — Magnum Bonum and Pater-
son's Victoria— look remarkably well with abundance

of flowers. B, Hope, MidJlcton Park Gardens, Bices-
ter, Ox on.

Bucks.— Fine crops and almost free from disease,
\^eitch's and Myatt's arc still our best first earlies.
Lady Paget and Snowdrop are very promising second
earlies. Sutton's Reading Hero is one ol the best
tall-growing main crop Potatos. When free from
disease we find nothing better for midseason crop
than Victorias. For latest of all we grow Magnum
Bonum, planted a yard apart each way and moulded '
up singly. _■/. Smith, Mcntmore, July 24.

The crop generally in this neighbourhood is

excellent. We are taking up the early sorts and the
quality is first-rate. Thos. Bailey, Shardelocs Gardens,
.■tmersham, July 26.

Herts.— Early Potatos are good, and the main
crop varieties look first-rate. I have not seen or heard
anything of the disease this season. George Norman,
The Gardens, Hatfield House, Jttly 25.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincoln. — Early Potatos suffered from the con-
tinued dry weather, and they are small but good.
Late sorts look promising. I have not yet heard of
any disease. Thomas I 'indcn, Harlaxton Manor,
Grantham, July 24.

The crops look well in this neighbourhood,

particularly the late kinds. Early sorts are small on
light land, but particularly good on holding land.
Geo. B. Tillyard, Brocklesby Park Gardens, Ulceby,
July 25.

Norfolk. — All early Potatos in this district are
now stored, having in some cases barely reproduced
the seed owing to the long-continued drought. Late
kinds, after the recent rains, are satisfactory, and as
no disease has been noticed, an average crop may l>e
expected. The standard sorts about here are the old
Ashleaf, Beauty of Hebron, Magnum Bonum, and
Champion. A. Lancaster, Holkam, July 23.

Owing to the drought the early Potatos are

small but very good. The late ones are looking very
well, but I hear some are getting a second growth not
far from here. I have not seen or heard of any
disease in this neighbourhood. H. Batehelor, Cation
Park, Norwich, July2i,.

Suffolk. — The very dry season sadly checked the
growth of early crops of Potatos, particularly on our
lighter soils, consequently a larger proportion of the
tubers are under-sized. The haulm of later crops
having taken less harm from the drought, the pro-
duce before lifting time may be expected to attain a
more useful size. Now that we have had rain-
about li inch this month- up to the present there is
an unusual absence of the symptoms of disease. J,
IVallis, Orwell Park, /pswieh, July z^.

Potatos in this district will not yield much

more than half a crop, except in some favoured places,
0'*ing to the excessive drought experienced in the
East of England. The early sorts are very small, and
I am afraid the late ones will start again and be of
little use. Up to this time I have not seen or heard
of any disease. J. Mill, The Gardens, RcnJlesham.
/Jail, July 25.

Potatos at present, although rather small

sized, are a fair crop and of very good quality, with no
appearance of disease. The late showers will no
doubt greatly improve the size of late sorts. Robert
Si/uiili, Ickworth Park, Bury St. Edmunds, July 23.

Sound, small, plenty in number and of good

quality. Met with first sample of disease in one
garden only out of all visited at Higham, on the
22d of thi^ month. All samples in gardens and at
flower shows quite sound up to this date. D. T. Fish,
July 24.

Essex. — The early Potatos are small but very clean
and good ; the later cjops look promising, but cannot
possibly be a heavy crop. Wm. Smith, Birch Hall,
Colchester, July 25.

Early Potatos are good but rather small,

owing to the very dry weather. No disease at pre-
sent. Late sorts look very well and promise for good
crops. James I'ert, Audley End, Saffron Walden,

July 25.

Berks. ^Potatos are a good crop and free from
disease up to this date, but since the late rains they
have commenced to grow out. Thomas Jones, Royal
Gardens, Windsor, July 25.

Middlesex.— The crops are looking remarkably
well. The early kinds, such as .Myatt's Early Ash-
leaf Kidney and Veitch's Improved Ashleaf Kidney,
are yielding good crops of clean tubers and free of
disease. T. P., Stanmore, July 22.

154

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1SS4.

Middlesex. — Potatos generally are looking well,
but in some places the early sorts have been so much
afiected with blight as to cause the leaves to fall off,
leaving the stalks almost bare. Both early and late
sorts are free from disease as yet. 'John IVoodbridiiie^
The Gardens^ Syon I/oiise, Brentford^ July 22.

All Potatos are somewhat laier than usual

this year, and so far, owing to the exceeding dryness
of the soil, the produce has not been heavy. Still, not
only do all the main crop kinds look well, but so far
there seems to be an entire absence of disease. That
is an unusual experience for so late a date as July 25.
Very large breadths have been planted this year, but
even should no disease appear the drought will pre-
vent the crop from being unduly heavy. Growers
just now are rather fearing that showers may induce
super-tuberating in the late crops, but evidences of
that are not yet common, and perhaps may not
become so, as through all the dryness the tops have
held up boldly. A. Dean, Bed/out, July 25.

Potatos, although somewhat small, are on the

whole good. The disease showed itself about a fort-
night ago, but has not spread to the extent of previous
years, the late sorts being free. J. Willard^ Holly
Lodge Garden^ Ilijiihiialc, July 25.

The earliest Potatos were a much better crop,

and individually larger than the exceptionally dry
weather all through their growth, and the small
haulm, would have led us to expect. The late crops,
although they look fair in the lops, are evidently so
far stunted in their partially developed tubers that
second growth ii certain to take place if there is
much rain, without which the yield will probably be
the lightest ever known. Zl Baines^ Fern Collage^
Palmer s Grcen^ J^i^V 26.

Surrey. — Potatos are small, owing to the drought,
but are very free from disease. J. Child^ The Gaidens^
Garbrand Hall^ Eivell, July 2^.

Potatos are about an average crop and the

quality good, although in many parts of this district
they are very small owing to the drought. They
show no sign of disease. Joint Tanner^ Tandridi^e
Courts Godstone^ July 24.

Early varieties are not half a crop, mid-season

and late varieties look well, and so far not the least
sign of desease. J, Burnett^ The Dcepdcnc Gardens^
Dorking, July 24.

Potatos have suffered very much from the

intense heat and long drought ; the early kidneys
have turned out plentiful and good, but the late ones
I fear will be small, if not badly diseased, as I see
the haulm is getting spotted and going off very fast
since we have had the heavy thunderstorms of hail
and rain. The varieties that do best with me are
Veitch's and Myatt's Ashleaf, and a selected one from
Myatt's which I saved six years ago, which is more
even and a week earlier than that variety; Worm-
leighton Seedling, Vicar of Laleham, Rector of
Woodstock, Porter's Excelsior, Beauty of Hebron.
A. Evans t Lythe Ilill^ Haslemcrey July 25.

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Kent.— The Potato crops will be under the
average, as a rule, in this district. The weather has
been too dry, and the haulm is short, except in a few
instances on very fine land, and where manure has
been lavishly supplied. At present the quality is
good, though the tubers are small, and there is no in-
dication of disease. Upon lighter soils some of the
haulm, especially of American Rose, died prematurely.
Charles Whitehead^ Barming Housc^ Maidstone^
Julv 25.

Sussex. — Potatos look well in general about here.
John Halscy, Coiodray Park, Midhurst, July 23.

All kinds of early Potatos are drying off for

want of rain, and the tubers are small but good.
Throughout this district all the late kinds are still
growing, and look well. I have just been through
I he cottage gardens, and in no case did I see anything
of the disease. .S", Ford^ Lconardslee, Horsham ^
yu/y 24.

Potatos look remarkably well everywhere,

those that are taken up are sound, good in quality,
not a heavy crop, but fair-sized and very even. I have
not at present met with the disease, nor have I heard
of its appearance. Geo. M, Brcesc^ Petworth Gardens^
July 26.

Potatos up to this lime are quite free from

disease and excellent in quality. But owing to
drought the crop is rather short, more so on poor
ground. B, Coombe, The Gardens, Wiston Park^
Sieyning, July 26.

Hants. — Early Potatos have turned out a good
crop and even sized. At present there are no signs
of the disease. Late ones are looking remarkably
well. /; D. Myles, The Gardens, Appley Ton'crs,
Pyde, Isle of Wight, July 22.

All the early kinds are of ?.rst-rale quality and

quite free from disease ; a fair crop and of good size.
The late kinds in the fields look most promising and
are also free from disease. IVm. Smylhc^ The Gar-
dens, Basing Pari;, Alton, July 23.

The early varieties are as good as can be, and

though the haulm was cut down to the ground-line at
the end of April it seems to have had but little injuri-
ous effect, that little taking the direction of a larger
number than usual of small tubers, which are, how-
ever, of excellent quality. Later varieties look splen-
did, and there are is no sign of disease. IV. Wild-
smith, The Garacns, Heekfield Place, July 24.

— — A good crop, and field sorts look well. I
have not seen any symptoms of the disease yet.
Philip Edivards, Foivley Gardens^ Liphook, July 25.

Wilts. — The Potato crop up to the present time
has been very good, the ground being full of good-
sized tubers of excellent quality ; but as I write I
learn that the disease has made its appearance in the
district, and the hailstorm and heavy rain of to-day
are calculated to accelerate its spread. The American
Rose, it appears, is the variety most affected with the
Peronospora, the disease being more rife among those
growing in rich ground than on crops in poor soil.
//. W. Ward, Longford Castle, July 24.

WESTERN COUNTIES.

Hereford.— Owing to the long-continued dry
weather in the spring and early summer months early
Potatos run rather small, but good ; second early and
late crops are very promising. Charles Denning,
Holme Lacy Gardens, July 22.

The Potato crops so far are looking remark-
ably well, taking the recent dry weather into account,
and the disease has not yet shown itself. The Myatt's
Prolific Ashleaf, which we are now digging, is an
excellent crop, and of very superior flavour. Arthur
Ward, The Gcirdens, Stoke Edith, July 25.

Worcester. — So far the Potato yield has been a
good one, and is everywhere promising ; but I am
sorry to say the disease made its appearance here
about the 14th, and is spreading. J. Austen, Witley
Court Gardens, Stourport, July 23.

The early Ashleaf sections of Potatos are

daily becoming worse affected by the disease. Late
kinds, such as Magnum Bonum, Champion, Reading
Hero, Schoolmaster, &c., look very flourishing up to
date, but the growth has been so very rapid and suc-
culent since the rains that it is not likely to resist the
disease. The unusual sight of several rows of Potatos
completely annihilated by aphis has been noticed in
this neighbourhood. William Crump, Madrcsfield
Court, July 24.

Potatos good. At present no signs of

disease. Robert Palmer, Hagley Gardens, Stourbridge,
July 2^.

Our early varieties have so far escaped the

disease, and we are lifting good crops of River's and
Myall's Ashleafs. The crop all round promises an
abundant yield, though I fear, should the present un-
settled weather continue, disease will show itself.
Woodstock Kidney, Magnum Bonum, and Cham-
pions look remarkably strong and healthy. Waller
Child, The Gardens, Croome Court, Se'.'ernstoke,
July 25.

Early crops are clean and good, and above

the average quantity. The disease has appeared on
the haulms of the American varieties, and I fear
the recent rains will cause it to spread rapidly. Late
crops are looking wonderfully well. A, Barker, The
Gardens, Hindlip Hall, July 24.

Gloucester. — Good crops; no disease. AIex\
Siott, Sherborne Garden, Northleach, July 24.

Monmouth. — Early varieties, although checked
by frosts early in the season, are turning out an aver-
age crop of good quality. We depend principally
upon Veitch's Ashleaf, which always gives satisfaction
both under glass and in the open. Mid-season and
late kinds in gardens and fields look promising, the
haulm is robust, and the foliage now expanded. We
are now in need of dry weather. I am sorry to
hear the disease has already made its appearance
amongst early sorts to a serious extent in gardens near
the town of Monmouth. Thomas Coombcr, The
Hcndre^ Monmouth, July 25.

Dorset. — Potatos good up to the present time.

Disease making its appearance in some parts. W. P.
Leach, B>yauston Gardens, BUxndford, July 23.

There is a prospect of a good crop, and the

tubers are very good and fine. Slight signs of disease
have been observed. J. Sa'tford, Ihington Gardens,
PiiddLttrnm, July 23.

Devon. — Early Potato; arrived at maturity before
attaining full development ; mid-season and late
crops are very promising : a few tubers have been
found diseased in the crops of Myatt's during the past
week, all others appear quite free judging from the lops.
/). C, Po-oell, Poivdcrham Castle, Exeter, July 23.

• The Potato crop is very heavy and sound at

present, ^'esterday I saw that Covent Garden Perfection
was attacked in the haulm with the disease, all other
kinds appear perfectly clear of It. The Potato in this
part is very liable to get disease early, after a few
weeks very dry weather, followed by moist weather
and a sea mist. Geo. Baker, Membland, Plympton,
July 24.

Cornwall. — The present season will be noted as
an unusually good one for the Potato crop everywhere
in this district. The first earlies were rather small
owing to the hot weather in May, but as I staled in
iSSi, fine weather in May decides the case. Some
over luxuriant growths in moist places will be recorded :
I have seen haulm from 4 to 5 feet high. Most sorts
are good m quality this season ; a little disease has
now appeared. Charles Lee, Boconnoc, July 23.

All the early varieties are small owing to the

dry weather ; the quality is excellent. The late
varieties are looking remarkably well and as yet free
from d isease. Geo. Knox. Gr. , Port Eliot, St.
Gerj/ians, July 24.

The crop is abundant, clean, and of good

quality. Up to this no trace of disease. James
Met ton, Pencalenick, Truro, July 24.

WALES.

Carmarthen. — As a rule around here the
Potato crops are looking remarkably well, and are
lifting clean and free from disease, which has not
been observed anywhere up to the present time.
Field Potatos are looking well, being healthy and
free in their growth. Louis Bmoen, Edioinsford,
Llandilo.

Glamorgan. — For many weeks past we have
been lifting upwards of 2 cwt. of tubers per week, and
I never saw them turnout better. They are excellent
in quality and quantity. The warm dry weather we
had for a long time and up to lately suited them
admirably. I have not seen a diseased Potato this
summer, and I could never say the same before in
July. Late crops are very healthy looking. y.Muir,
'Margam Park, Taibaeh, July 23.

Merioneth. — The Potato crop is very good, early
varieties lifting well ; tubers clean and free from
disease. Second and late varieties look remarkably
well, the weather having been suitable for the Potato
in this locality, J, Bennett, Phitg Gardens, Conuen,
J'i{v 25.

IRELAND.

Antrim. — Good in garden. Field crops are also
beginning to look well. G. Porleus, Garron Tower,
Belfast, July 23.

CokK. — Early kinds good in quality but small for
want of rain. The showers in July will save late
crops which now promise well. The Champion is
slill the leading Potato, climate as a rule too sunless
and wet for Magnum Bonums ; Reading Hero will
doubtless be much grown when better known. W,
Osborne, Fota Island, yuly 23.

DuHi.iN. — Early Kidney Potatos are turning out
fine and of good (juality, and late sorts are looking
very promismg with no appearance of disease so far.
The dry weather we have had for some time past has
been favourable to the Potato crop, and should we
escape the lilight the produce will be a good average.
'/. k'.lliim, Brenaiistoicn House, Cabinteely,July 2^,

Kilkenny. — Early Potatos are a very fair crop
and ot superior quality, no doubt the result of an ex-
ceptionally dry season. Late sorts, in fields, are
most promising. No trace of disease up to the
present. William Gray, Jl'oodstock Park, Inistioqe,
Jab' 24.

SCILLV ISLES.

Early Potatos a good crop, but prices were very
low this season. Late sorts good crop, and as yet
but little disease, but we fear they will suffer on ac-
count of late heavy rains after a long spell of dry
weather. George VallancCf Tresco Abbey Gardens,
July 25.

August 2, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

155

Cfet Mtalljcr.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, Jri.v 30, 1884.

Hygrome-

trica! ]>e-

Karometer.

Temperature of

THE .\IR.

duclions

from
Claisher's

WiNIl.

Tables 6tli

Kdilioii

0

J

i.

1

s

u E

"-

So 'S's

A u

=!

'*•

iiiiil

•^

0

c

Sl,

a

11!

July

In. In.

^

,

. ' .

w '"•

»4

39.60 —0 17

67.0

49-S

17 5 SI) 0

— 3.246.0

e,j

s'.\^. -■^

'S

«)86 +009

66.0

48.9

I7.IS6.8|- S-4 47-4

7"

N.W.

o.co

:0

39.87 4-0.10

6a -5

44.0

18.553-7

- 8547.S

78

S.iS.W.

0.J4

37

39.71 —0.05

67.0

59.0

■S.''J59.7

- a 5 SI 8

7S

N.W

0.28

sS

•9 94 +0.18

69.0

S3.0 16.059.4

— a-8s3.4

8S

N.W. 0.07

so

39 92 +0 16

68.0

55.0 13. 061.6

— 0-7S7.a

8S

N.W. 0.06

30

30.03 +0.37
39.75 +0-08

71.5
673

58.5

S..6

■3.<>f>3 5
■5-7 59."

+ t.a6i.9

9»

E.: NE. 0.00

Mean

-3..

5a. I

78

N.W. 0.71

July 24.

-Fine bright morning, thunderstorm from 11.30 a.m.

till 12.30 P.M. Dull afiernoon. Fine clear night,

lightniDg at times.
-Fine, dull mostly, bright intervals. Fine night.
-Fme day, heavy rain at night,
-Very wet day, thunderstorm between 12.30 I'.M.

and 1 P.M.
-Slight rain in early morning, fine bright day. Few

slight showers of rain at night.
-Dull day and night.
-Fine and briglit generally. Fine clear night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 26, the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30. iS inches at the
IteKinning of the week to 30.09 inches by 3 p.m.,
and increased to 30.12 inches by midnight on the
20th, decreased to 29. S6 inches by 3 r.M. on the
2ist, increased to 30.02 inches by 9 a.m. on the 22d,
decreased to 29.75 inches by 3 p.m. on the 24th,
increased to 30.16 inches by 9 A.M. on the 26th,
and was 29.92 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 29.96 inches, being 0.02 inch higher than last
week, and o.oi inch above the average of the week.

Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 73", on the 22d ; the
highest on the 25lh was 62. 5^ The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 68°. 2.

The lowest temperature was 44°, on the 26th ;
on the 23d the lowest temperature was 58°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 51^6.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
20°, on the 20th ; the smallest was 12°, on the 23d.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 16°. 6.

The mean temperatures were — on the 20th, 6o^S ;
on the 2lst, 6l*.4 ; on the 22d, 63""; on the 23d,
62'.! ; on the 24th, 59°; on the 25th, 56°, 8 ; on
the 26th, 53^7 ; of these the 22d was above its
average by o''.7 ; the rest being below by i'^,6, 0^.9,
o''.!, 3°.2, 5°. 4, and S''.5, respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 59". 5, being
3° lower than last week, and 2". 7 below the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer placed in the
full rays of the sun was 124°, on the 24lh. The mean
of the seven readings was no", i.

The lowest readmg of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 41°. 5, on the 20th.
The mean of the seven readings was 46°.6.

Rain. — Rain fell on three days to the amount of
0.60 inch, of which 0.30 inch fell on the 21st, and
0.24 inch fell on the 26lh.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
July 26 the highest temperatures were 74^.5 at
Cambridge, 74* at Truro, 73° at Brighton and
Blackheath ; the highest at Sunderland was 65°, at
Liverpool 65". 2, and at Bradford 66°.4. The general
mean was 70^2.

The lowest temperatures in the week were 40°. 6 at
Wolverhampton, 41° at Cambridge and Hull ; the
lowest temperature at Liverpool was 49**. 3, at Preston
49°, at Leeds and Sunderland 46°. The general
mean was 44°. 4.

The greatest ranges were 33°. 5 at Cambridge,
3o''.6 at Nottingham, 30°. 3 at Wolverhampton ;
the smallest ranges were 15^9 at Liverpoool, 19° at
Sunderland and Preston. The general mean was
25°.8.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 71. "5, at Brighton 69^4, at
Blackheath 6S\2; and was lowest at Bolton, 6I^4,

at Liverpool 61^.5, at Bradford 63^5. The general
mean was 65". 7.

The mean ot the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 55". 7, at Plymouth 55'.3, at Brighton
and Bristol 53°. 5 ; and was lowest at Sunderland,
46^ at Hull 47^ at Cambridge 47*.S. The general
mean was 5o^9.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
23°. 7, at Sunderland 19", at Nottingham 18^5; and
was least at Liverpool 8°. 8, at Truro 10^. I, at
Preston 10°. 3. The general mean was I4''.8.

The mean temperature was highest at Brighton
and Blackheath, 59". 5, at Plymouth 59" ; and was
lowest at Sunderland, 52°. 7, at Bolton 53". 9, at Hull
54^3. The general mean was 56°. 7.

Kain. — The largest fall was 1.93 inch, at Bolton,
1.57 inch at Liverpool, 1.40 inch at Preston; the
smallest fall was 0.37 inch at Brighton, 0.48 inch at
Leeds, 0.57 inch at Cambridge. The general
mean fall was 0.S9 inch.

Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing July 26, the highest temperature was 66°. 9, at
Leith ; at Dundee the lowest temperature was 6I^8.
The general mean was 64''. 8.

The lowest temperature in the week was 40°, at
Glasgow ; at Leilh the lowest temperature was 44°. 9.
The general mean was 42^^.7.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
55". 2, and lowest at Aberdeen, 53°.4. The general
mean was 54°. 5.

Rain. — The largest fall was o.Sl inch, at Aber-
deen ; the smallest fall was 0.05 inch, at Dundee.
The general mean was 0.50 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

We regret to record the death, at University College
Hospital, on the 25th uit., of Mr. George Williams,
Gardener at Peasmarsh Place,iSussex. Mr. Williams,
who was an occasional contributor to our columns,
was widely known and respected in the South of
England, and was a successful exhibitor, especially of
Grapes, at local exhibitions. He underwent several
operations of a serious character, necessitated by an
accident which befel him while at work, and we are
sorry to hear that he has left a widow and young
family, for whom great sympathy is expressed.

■ We have also to record the death, on the 22d

uU., of Mr. William Crowder, of the Thimbleby
Nurseries, Horncastle, aged fifty-eight years. Mr.
Crowder had been in business for thirty-five years,
and was much respected by his compeers in the trade.
The nurseries will, we understand, now be carried on
by his two sons.

Variorum.

Sarracenia flava, L. — In December, 1868, I
was stopping at New Orleans, the capital of Louisi-
ana, in the south of North America, about 30" North
latitude. One beautiful morning I went by train to
Pontchartrain, a spot about a mile in distance from
the capital, on the borders of the lake of that name.
I took a place on one of the steamers and crossed the
lake. The geographical aspect of Louisiana is pecu-
liar ; the ground is flat and level. Every year, in
spring, vast spaces are inundated by the overllow of
the Mississippi, and, consequently, wherever the land
is at all undulated there are lakes or ponds of different
sizes and of infinite number. Conceive my surprise
upon seeing in these damp places Sarracenia flava in
profusion. The plants grow in water 15 to 45 cent,
in depth. The leaves, with their stalks, are in the
shape of an urn or pitcher, and their small limb is
like a lid, rising half a yard to a yard above the sur-
face. Thousands of specimens of this extraordinary
plant grow in every pond. Probably the saline exha-
lations of the sea are not without influence upon the
remarkable development of these remarkable plants.
It must also not be forgotten that they are exposed to
the rays of a burning sun, thanks to which the summer
temperature is often more than 30°R. {37 ^''C). On the
contrary in winter the temperature sometimes falls to
2' to 3° R. below zero ( — 2^ to — 4° C.) Sometimes
even over these ponds a sheet of ice is formed suffi-
ciently thick to support the weight of a man ; but
these exceptional frosts never last long, and at the
end of January the daily maximum temperature rises
to 15" — 20" R. (19° — 25 C.) The specimens found
out of the water or in shallow water bore much
smaller and less robust pitchers, but more brilliantly
coloured, Moreover, there is infinite variety of tint

in the pitchers. Every shade of yellowish-green to
dark green, some mottled, others streaked with dark
purple ; these last are the prettiest and most sought
after. I pulled out of the mud hundreds of Sarra-
cenia flava, and to tell the truth this work is far from
agreeable. Vou are exposed to attacks of thousands
of mosquitos, which buzz in your ears, and the stings
of these horrible little creatures are so annoying that
every moment you are obliged to drive them away
from your face with your muddy hands, so that in a
very short time you become so dirty that it is impos-
sible to distinguish you from the blackest negro.
When gathering the pitchers I had the curiosity
to examme how many insects these carnivorous plants
had devoured. The number of winged creatures
belonging to different species, which had been caught
in the pitchers, passes imagination. Among them
were bees and drones, but the greatest number con-
sisted of minute dipterous flies. Of either only the
skeleton was left, if 1 may so express it, all the soft
fleshy parts had disappeared, only the "bones'*
remamed in the bottom of the pitcher, heaped up in
hillocks, sometimes 33 cent, in thickness. As the
diameter of the urns varies from i — 4 decimetres, the
conclusion is arrived at, that quite half a million of
these poor creatures lost their lives in each of these
perfidious traps. They are not all so abundantly fur-
nished as this, but I never met with one which had
not devoured some insect. I have found snails and
earth-worms in specimens growing out of water, or
under such conditions that the animals can reach
them. Koczl, in ^'' La Beigi</uc Horticole."

Answers to Correspondents.

Araucaria imbricata : Barnet. We cannot tell the
precise cause of your tree going amiss from the data
you furnish, but you can impart vigour to it by taking
away the staple soil down to the roots, and likewise
for the space of a yard round the tixtremities of the
roots, replacing it with old pasture loam, to which
either peat or leaf-mould is added, using this material
in a lumpy condition, and mixing broken sandstone
with it. These trees do best on mounds, and are im-
patient of water, requiring, as they do, thorough
drainage. Chalk is also ininiieal to them.

Black Alicante: IK Dnanmond b^ Sons. As there
are other Grapes in the house, presumably Ham-
burgh, or those not requiring high temperatures to
grow them, the Alicante does not get the necessary
high degree of warmth during its flowering period ;
hence the imperfect fertilisation, and fruit the size of
Peas.

Black Beetle in Flower Garlie.n : F. B. Our
correspondent specifies a "slender variety" as the
one upon which he or she desires information, especi-
ally as to the part the insect plays In the economy of
the flower garden. We do not know what insect is
meant, but, in any case, wc tliink the best economy
would be to get rid of it.

Books: Hortus. The correct title is The Grape l'i?ie,
by Joseph Meredith. It was published in 1876, by
Philip, Son ijr' Nephew, Liverpool.

Horticultlikal Builder : H. AL E. should consult
our advertising columns. We cannot undertake to
advise hor on such a matter.

Marrows Turning Yellow : A/arrow. Growing
them in an ungenial cold soil, watering with very cold
water, or they are imperfectly fertilised, or not at all.
Try watering with warm water, and artificial impreg-
nation, as with Melons.

Mildew on Grapes, &c, : Devonian. The pest was
most probably introduced during that i nterval of
neglect of which you make mention caused by the
letting out of the fire during cool weather, with perhaps
a moist air maintained inside the liouse, and ventila-
tion given more to suit the pot plants grown in the
house than the Vines. The mildew spreads so rapidly
under such management that great damage is done
before remedies are seen to be required. The most
you can do now is, during cool overcast weather, to
keep up a buoyant atmosphere by means of fire-heat
and top ventilation only, and not allow an excessive
amount of moisture in the air. As a mixture for the
destruction of the mould, boil i lb. of quicklime and
I lb. of sulphur in 4 quarts of water, boiling for a
quartcr-of-an-hour from the moment boiling .begins.
This liquid should then be carefully decanted from
the lees, and kept closely bottled. An ordinary
wineglassful to 3 gals, of rain-water will make an
effectual remedy for dipping or syringing mildewed
Vines, &c. In the case of the bunches it must be
syringed off witli clean water, in not less than
ten minutes, or evil will result. The same diluted
mixture can be kept about in pans in the vinery,
for the purpose of giving out sulphureous fumes
by sun - heat. There are patent remedies, but
this is as effectual, and is cheap. Warmed water
should be used for watering and syringing. Read our
Calendar for Vines this week. Clierrics, you ought to
know, drop their fruit from imperfect fertilisation ; if
they "set," as you say, they would not fall.

Mosses : Moss. The Mosses are not in fruit, and can-
not, therefore, be named. Two are species of Hyp-
num, one of Dicranum. Neither of them is suitable
for Orchids.

156

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884,

Names oi- Plants: W. W. Dendrobium Parishii,
and Tit andsia acaulis zebrina. — Cajnjee. Oncidium
prcctextum, Maxiilaria sp., and TabernEemontana
coronaria flore-pleno. — John Cowan. A small flower
of Dendrobium Brymerianum, — J. C. Brotherston.
Oncidium piilvlnatum. — R. Greenfield. Zephyranlhes
Candida. — C. H. L.ysimachia tliyrsiflora. — Edwin
Hillier. Diospyros Lotus. — Ed. Withania aristata
(Canaries). — W. G. i, Polygonum cuspidalum ; 2,
Duranta Plumieri. — C. \V. S. Spiraea opulifolia.
— //. M. E. Pyrus intermedia. — W. B. Campanula
rapunculoides, Orchis pyramidalis. — VV. P., Epping.
Trachelium coeruleuni. — A. K. Common Dodder,
Ciiscuta europsea, probably introduced with the peat.
You should destroy them at once.

Sekdling Dahlias : Thos. Burrow. The flowers
sent are far too poor for doubles, of which there are
hundreds better in every way, and they are not so
pretty as their parents.

Shefi-ield Show. Mr. R. W. Proctor writes that his
address is Ashgate Road, Chesterfield, not Sheffield,
as stated in the report. We learn also that Mr.
Wilson, of Oakholme, and Mr. Sheridan, of Ranfall
Ranmoor, gr. to Mrs. Harmar, took the principal
prizes in both the amateur's classes for stove and
greenhouse foliage plants, as well as prizes in other
competitions. Our report was sent by telegraph, and
much of it was necessarily sent off before the prize
cards were properly aflixed, late in the aiternoon.

Stove Temperature : G. \V. The winter night tem-
perature during November, December, January, and
greater part of February, from 58'^ to 63°, with a
gradual increase in July to say 70". During bright
weather the day-heat may be in winter from 10' to 15°
over that of the night ; and in cloudy sunless weather
8° to 10^ increase only during the day. Summer day
temperature from 83° to 95°, according as the weather
is overcast or not. Bear in mind that tlie plants will
make firmer, healthier growth, in low night tempera-
lures than is possible when high ones are adopted.

Tomato Roots : Tomato. The swellings are occasioned
by numbers of minute worms similar to those which
frequently affect the Cucumber.

Viola Dysart White : R. R. W. "Viola" does
not know, and suggests that you should write to the
firms mentioned.

Vine Foliage : New Club, Edinburgh. These have
the look of Vine foliage that is suffering from prema-
ture ripening in consequence of great dryness at the
root. The substance is miserably thin and weak in
both examples, and one is almost eaten away on the
underside with red-spider. Such leaves are rarely
found on Vines growing under healthy conditions, and
seldom found of such a small size.

Vine Leaves and Peaches : T. IV. Your Vines are
prematurely ripening their growth, probably from
want of copious watering of the border. The Peach
trees being bare of fruit now, can be kept free from
spider with clean water applied with an engine or large
syringe, seeing that the undersides of the leaves have
the most attention. Some of the insecticides to be had
from the nurserymen, would also assist you in getting
rid of the spider. Lose no time, or the bearing wood
will be injured.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Whole-
sale Catalogue of Dutch and other Flower Roots.

Henry Ormson & Co., Stanley Bridge. King's Road,
Chelsea — Designs for Horticultural Buildings.

Dutry-Colson, Ghent, Belgium— Garden Requisites of
all Kinds,

Communications Reci;iveu ; — J. D.— J. G.— E. V. R.— J.
M.-Camjee.— P. L. S. — B. H. & Cu.-J- H -W. M.— K.
G.— J. Morton (oext week).— C. F. G.— M. P. A.— J. T.—

A. S.-W. H H.-W. G.S.-J.i; & Sons.-tmil Strauss.—
Messrs. Cassell.— R. W. P.— Cro-s & isteer (many thanks,
^iirittar cases are not uncommon). — Boston, U- S. — A. G. —
H. L. C —J. y. v. — R. J. M.-K. J. N.— Jules de Cock —
C. Y, M. (with enclosure; many thanks). — Wendland. — R.

B. Charpe.-K. T. M.-J. T. B.-F. B.

C0VEN7 GARDEN, July 31.

Our market has been firm during the past week, and
prices of soft fruit have steadily advanced. Peaches,
owing to the London season being over, are lower.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots— Average Wholbsale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitie (golden),

per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Calceolarias, par doz. 4 o- cj o
Cockscombs, doz. ., 30-60
Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doa...3o 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz.12 048 o
Kuonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..9 0-18 9

Evergreens, in var.,

per doze . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o

s, d. s. d.
Fuchsias, per doz, .. 40-120
Heliotrope, doz. .. 40-90
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 o-iS o

— paniclata, doz. iS 0-36 o
Lilium longiflorum,

per dozen .. 24 0-36 o

— lancifolium, doz. 9 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..8 0-18 o

Mignonette, per doz 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. t> 0-12 o
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums (show)

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— scarlet, per doz . . 30-90
Petunias, per dozen 40-90
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 60-90
Spirara, per dozen .. 8 0-12 o

Cut Flowers.
s.
AbutiloD. 12 bunches s
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria, 12 sprays o
Carnations. 12 bun. 2
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Eschschollzia,i2 bun. 2
Eucharii, per doz. . . 4
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . ..2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 6

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Marguerites, 13 bun. 3

-Average Wholesalb Prices.

d. s. d. s. d. s. a.

0-40 Miffnonette, 12 bun. 16-60

0-60 Pelargoniums, per la

9-10 sprays .. ..06-10

6-10 Pinks, various, 12

0-60 bunches .. ..20-60

0-40 Primula, double, bun. 10-16

0-40 Pyrethurm, 12 bun, 20-60

0-60 Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 6 0-12 o

Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40
0-60 — (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-90
0-60 — coloured, doz. .. 20-00

Stephanotii, 12 spr. 20-40
0-I2 o Slocks, labunches .. 30-60
6-10 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-40

Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 20-60
0-60 Tropxolum, iz bun. 16-30
0-30 Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-16
0-60 White Jasmine, bun. 06-10

Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Cherries, J^-sieve .. 7 o-iz o
Currants, black, per

'^-sieve .. .. 30-39
— red, j^-sieve .. 36-40
Figs, per dozen .. 20-30
Grapes, per lb, . . 16-30

s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case.. 10 o- 14 o
Melons, each .. 26-40

Pine-apples, Eng.lb. 20-30
— St. Michael's, each 2 0-50
Strawberries, per lb. 04-10
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-10 o

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

6-

o 2-

o 3-
) 4-
; o- ;

o 6-

s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. .. ..20-40

Asparagus, English,
per 100 . . .. 4 o- S o

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, per

100 .. . . ..04-..

Beet, per doz. .. 10-..

Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-..

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- .,

Caulitiowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. ,. 40-60

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-1

Endive, French, per
dozen .. ,.20-..

Garlic, per lb. ,.06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Potatos. — Old Potatos finished. New — Jersey kidneys mu
diseased— stopped coming ; Kent kidneys, jC^ to ;£8 per ton

s. d. s.

Horse Radish, bund. 3 o- .

Lettuces, Cabbage,

per dozen .. ..1

— Cos, each
Marrows, each
Mint, green, bunch. .
Mushrooms, p. baskt.
Onions, per bunch .

— Spring, per bun. o 6— ,
Paisley, per bunch. . o 9- .
Peas. English, quart i 0- .
Radishes, per do^. . . i 6- ,
Rhubarb, per bund, o 4- c
Small salading, per

punnet , , ..04-.

Spinach, per strike. .30-.
Tomatos, per lb. . . i o- ,
Turnips, new, bun. .. o 8- .

SEEDS.

London ; Jn(y 30.^There was a very small attend-
ance on the seed market to-day. Rather more inquiry
s experienced for Trifolium, and French prices come
higher. Less money is now asked for new liLnglish Rape
seed. Sowing Mustard is in improved request at steady
rates. More money is asked for Canary seed, but
Hemp seed is duU. There is not much business passing
in feeding Linseed, but prices keep very firm. Fine blue
Peas are getting exhausted. Jokn Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed
Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C,

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

CORN.

At Mark-lane on Monday, English Wheat was firmly
held. The demand, however, was slack, and the rates
of Monday se'nnight were not exceeded. Australian
Wheat tended against buyers, but generally the result of
the day's business was disappointing as to the extent of
demand, tliough the previous Monday's rates were up-
held. l''lour was steadier at previous rates. Barley also
was steady, with rather more inquiry for grinding
descriptions. Beans and Peas were firm at previous
currencies. The commoner qualities of Oats were -^d.
lower on the week ; Maize about -^d. dearer, and firmly
held. — On Wednesday English Wheat was held for firm
rates, but met only a limited inquiry ; foreign was quiet,
but there was more inquiry for Indian Wheats, which
were firmer. Flour was quiet but steady. Maize firm,
Oats slow, Beans and Peas firm, with a quiet trade, and
Barley unchanged. — Average prices of corn for the week
ending July 26 ;— Wheat, 37 j. irf. ; Barley, 27J. ^d. ;
Oats, 23J. .\d. For the corresponding period last year ;
— Wheat, 42;. id. ; Barley, 2js. 6d. ; Oats, 221. Sd.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report states that
supplies were moderate, especially of best Clover, and
trade quiet. Quotations : — Clover, prime old, 95.1. to
n6s. ; inferior, 6o.f. to 755. ; prime second cut, goj. to
ii6j. ; hay, best meadow, 8oj. to g6j, ; inferior. 40J. to
65J. ; and straw. 28^, to 40J. per load,— On Thursday
there was a moderate supply. Trade was quiet, except
for best hay and Clover, whicli were rather dearer, — Tlie
Cumberland Market report states that trade was dull at
the following rates : — Clover, prime old, looj. to iios. ;
second quality, 8oi. to 955. ; inferior, 6of. to 701. ; hay,
best old meadow, '60s. to 951. ; inferior, 60J. to 751. ; and
straw, 30J. to 381, per load.

POTATOS.

The average prices of Potatos during the week were as
follows : — Kidneys, 8oj. to 125J. ; Regents, loo.r. to
iiQs. ; Roses, jos. to looj. ; Victorias, Soj. to S5J. ;
Beauty of Hebron, 90J. to 100^. ; Jersey, i20,r. to 130J. ;
and Dutch, 60s. to 8oj. per ton. — TJie imports into
London last week consisted of 51 cases from Boulogne
and 439 baskets from Rotterdam.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Mondav
and Tuesday at loo'] to looj for both delivery and the
account. Wednesday's closing figures were 100^ to
100^ for delivery, and loo^jj to loo'jff for the aeuount.
The final quotations of Thursday were loo'j,^ to looj;';
for delivery, and looj to loi for the account.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, ivith full particulars, on applicatio7t (o

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

CARBON PASTE.

Hop, Fruit Growers, Florist?, and Market Gardeners, will find

aXEVENS AND CO.'S CARBON PASTE

^^ a most wonderful and economical preparation for the cer-
tain destruction of every kind of insect, parasite, and caterpillar
that infest trees and plants ; cures mildew and blight, and clears
Grapes from mealy-bug, &c., and is guaranteed not to injure the
most delicate foliage. 1 lb. tins, u. ; 31b ,2J.6(/. ; 7 lb., 5s. td.
Special quotations for large quantities. To be had of all Seeds-
men, Chemists &c. ; or a Sample sent free for is. td. by Mr.
STEVENS. Chemist. 67, High Street, Borough. Lon-ion, S.E.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER is particularly recom-
mended for Greenhouse Plants, as it destroys all insects, and
does not irjure the most delicate foliage, and is of a pleasant
perfume. A Samole free for it. 6(i'.

GLASS HOUSES. If II 131 n t V

GREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpensive, Easily applied. Lasts all the
Bummer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixinf? Bloom in Azaleas, BJ ■ |^LJ|C07
&c., and for Cut Flowers. n U Kam^ b W

FLORAL CEMENT.

A frrcat boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Driea

instantly. >SaM in hottk^s, Is. & 2s. Per post, 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

Tor Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very effectual in preventing- the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/G and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles. CoclcTOaches, UIIOUCC
Crickets, Bu^s, Floas, Mosquitos, &c. fl Uull LO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses. — for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Vcice 6d., Is. & 2s. 6d. Per post, 3d, extra,

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^'f^filS!^"

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble inWater)

FIR TREE OIL

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Root-s
or Foliage of Trees and PLnit-. Kills ;iU Vegetable Oi-nb.-;.
Turnip Fly, ifco. Cures Mddew and lUight. Clears Griipeg
from Mealy Bug, &c.. and makes a good Winter Drc-'isinp.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on "Fir Trr^
Oil," and its application, srnt frre ntt rrcfipt of ntldrfs*, hu the
Manufacturer, E. GRLFFITHS HUGnES, MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from noopER & Co.; Couuv. Boper, Fciwi-kh ani
Co.; C. E. OsMAN A: Co. and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 ngainst Ked Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to a ounces tn the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived m.'iny preparations iiitcnded to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3J. , and 10s. td.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Bo,xes, 6d. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

TT'IRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

T Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied m Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS. 10, Carlioa Place.
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWllERUIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GKNERAL HOKTICULTUHAL I'URl'OSRS.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire,

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SANU (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains, Rib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Gra.ss. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36J. per cwt. ; aS lb. tins, loj. ;
561b. kegs, iQJ. each ; sample tins, is., qs. 6d. and is,
W. D. BAKBOUR, ^, Park Row, Leeds.

August

1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

157

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be hid on by
any farm labourer or other \inskilled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks equally as well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourlh the cost.

PRICJCS: -BLACK. \s. Cd, per Rallon ;
in casks, containing not less than g ^allonSt
delivered free at most railway stations.
Casks extra, but two-thirds allowed if re-
turned carriage paid to our works in good
condition. BRUSHES for coaling Iron-
work, Wood, or Stone, is. each.

CATALOGUES of all kinds of Iron and Wire J'^cncing,
Gates, »S-'i'. , yr^g on appltcation.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON;. Hid 5, Crooked
Lane, KiiiR William St., E.C. — PUaSf name this paper.

DEANE
CONSERVATORIFS

& CO.'S

k GREENHOUSES,

'in. 1M1^.^ _i^Mi include ERELll^^-. i- MILETE, %Mth
all necessary* brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.

SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... 15ft. bygft. .. 20ft. by laft. .. 25ft. by i5fl.
Price .. j^^o. .. ^42 io>r. .. £,%%.

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Sire. . loft. by 6ft. 12ft. by 8ft. 15ft. by 10ft. 20ft. by isft.
Price. Z19 loi. Z=3 los. ^29 10s. £^6.

Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
LOUGHBOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, complete as shown,
with 12 ft. of 4-in. Hot-water
Pipe, £i is.

The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-
ratus made. It requires
no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and burns more than twelve hours without attention.

Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE &
it^-J^'il), LONDON

CO.,
BRIDGE.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121 BUNHILL KOW LONDON E C

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, tree of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, EunhiU
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

J,

10,

BEUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,
GREAT QUEEN STREET. WESTMINSTER, S.W.,
and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES,

C%LASSH(>USES8c»EAtiNGN

\SB^BSSJuSlsS£fSSSL3^XBKS^'^ \
kgTCHGATE ROAD ,LONDON.N.W^^

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings,

Price List oti application to

WEIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS,

the Largest Assortment in London at

■&. HOLLIDAY'S SHOW KOOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.
For Price, ^c, see Catalogue.

■WATER BAEROWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS,

LAWN MOWERS, &c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORi' WIREWORK,

see Special Catalogue.

OU Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preservine; Jronwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

-««;,(v^^j<

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced uowards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used id the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kinedom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Pierce fieid Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I ciindidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
speclfullv, Wm. Cox."

CAUTION, — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Erierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and 196, St. Vincent
Street. Glasgow.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Button Street, Liverpool.

B

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prici^s of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

Under the FatronaKe of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

J.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

DLACIC-FACSD LETTERS.

The Gardeners' jilagnzine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as thr very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

rNDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-

-L houses, Protecting Seed-beds, &c. , ico yards {25 inches
wide) for 10s., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards for
10^., delivered tree per Parcels Post. This is a perfectly pure
Cotton Muslin, very useful for Curtains, Blinds, Draperies.
Oeam Colour. Postal Order to be sent with each order.
Send stamped envelope for Pattern.

J. KaY and SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i%d.. and 4 yaids wide, 3rf. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Tree?
and shadmg Greenhouses, trum ajj*/. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Kegistered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers—
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL.

LAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S

WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane. Liverpool.

Rosher's Garden Edging TUea.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN'
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects, '■^— ,:«. il--^'
take up little room, and, ^

once put down, incur no ,jfl»\

further labour or expense, -r~-^'

as do "ffrown" Edginps, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., m Artificial Stone,
very durable andof superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. KOSHER AND Co., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Elackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3.J. per square yard upwnrds. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Linmg Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L "v E R S~A N D,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by po.st.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

-ss

TEN SILVER

AWARDED

MEDALS

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,

f-' WF.STOr;-suPFR-MARE. Manufacturer of lERRA-
COTTA VASES. FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS.
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from r to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
Ereen; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 61/. Book of Designs, is.

BELGIAN GLASS for^R EENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by

12 in., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.

and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for culling-up

purposes, in 200'ft. and 300-ft. cases,

158

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 18

DAVID LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

AND

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

GILMORE PARK. EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK.

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAI N T I NO

Adopted by ili-- Royal Highness the Prince ol Wales.

Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.

Flans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.

Illustrated Catalogues of Art Coi)serv;nories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & C0.» Chelmsford, Essex.

London Office: Mansion House Buildings, E.G.

Cucumber Frames.

BH A L L I D AY and C O. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best mateiials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) -d b' f 3 lo o
3-lightframe, i2feetby6feet U^f;f}"£. 5 5 o
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet \ ^^^^^ "^*=^ ( 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and traming for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY andCO-. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

^^^

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of Ihe

Kingdom with Hot-water

THREE ^^-^y, ^

MEDALS^^.^J^\ Apparatus complete.

SOUTH KEN-^"\~a9q.
SINGTON, 1-^ -^ \

NORTH OF ENGLAND ^^v^<& ^^ '"=•

HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON.

?V

CATALOGUE

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
aoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.G.

Stock List attd Prices on appiicatioti Quote Chronicie.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."

Private Cmtomers Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ot

M ERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63, Long Acre, London, W.C.

TH08. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

The Beat
[l^fasj and Quickest
Uado.

4-in, Expansion Joint Hot- water Pioes, 9 feet long, 4J. yi. each ;

4-L11. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4;. dd. each.

Price List on application.

The finest Whiskey we ever izsX^A." —Coventry Herald.

5 years' old, 3^. td. per bottle ; 42J. per doz.
7 years' old, 41. o</. ,, ; 48^. ,,

13 years' old. 5s. od. ,, ; 6oj. ,,

The FINEST Scotch inin M 20 years' old, 6j. perbot. ;
Whiskev, of same Ire I^H 721. per doz. Samples and
a<:;es. at same pricks, 1 1 1 1 W I I cases, rail free.

JURY'S i

W. J. JURY, BELFAST.

WHISKEY.

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample, Irish or Scotch,
or of both, before placing their orders. Rail free.

MCI R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samnles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

SC HOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal — Mr. H. E. Mii.nhr, A.M. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 i.m. Prosptctus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literaiure, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNEK has moved his Unices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in I'.ritain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. Meduun 8vo, cloth. Price 25^'.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. Hy Maxwk.i.l T.
Masthhs, M.D., F.R.S., late E.xaininer in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 31. 6*/.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene
Street, E.G.

Farms. Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for posUge, addressed '* Midland Coutties
Herald O^cc, Birmmghara." The Midland Counties HvraUt
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-Ui' MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Fann,

It Is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is ReUable,

because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable.

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and becauie all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, 5^. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on New- York or London.

B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,

34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

pARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet

J- with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington btreet, Strand, London, W.C.

Sunderland Union.

SUPERINTENDENT of OUTDOOR LABOUR
WANTED.

WANTED, by the Guardians of the Sunder-
land Union, an active, intelligent MAN, not under 30
or exceeding 50 years of .^ge, who must be possessed of a
thorough knowledge of Market Gardenmg, to take entire
charge, under Ihe general supervision of the Master, of the
Cultivation of the Land at the Workhouse, and to Superintend
the Labour of the able-bodied Paupers. Salary ^30 per
annum, with Board and Lodgings in the House. Applications,
in the handwriting of the applicants, who must be single men or
widowers, stating age, present and previous occupations, and
accompanied by Testimonials and references as to character
and competency, to be sent to me, at the Board Room. John
Street, Sunderland, on or before Monday, the 4th dayof August,
iS34.-By order, 5 g HODGSON, Clerk to the Guardians.
Sunderland, July 28, 18S4.

anted, .a HEAD WORKING GAR-

DENER, married, without family, to live on tlie
premises.— Must be experienced in Kitchen Gardening, the
care of Vines, and the Propagation of Plants. Wife must be
able to undertake Laundry.— Apply at Elmhurst. Bruce Grove,
Tottenham ; or to Mr. STAGEY, 300, High Holborn, W.C.

WANTED, a respectable married couple,
without children, as GARDENER and LAUNDRESS ;
man to look after two Cows, wife to attend to Fowls. Good
wages ; cottage found. — Major-General SIBLEY, J. P., Shirley
Goss, Caterham Valley, Surrey.

WANTED, a young man, who is a good
PROPAGATOR of Soft and Hard-wooded Plants,
also a good Grower of Pot Roses. One preferred from a
Nursery. 205. per week with rising wages.— W. GREEN,
Gardener, Crow Nest Park, Halifax, Yorkshire.

WANTED, in a London Nursery, a young
man as HARD-WOODED PROPAGATOR — one
who has been accustomed to Striking Heaths in quantity and
who is successful in Grafting Roses. Clematis, &c.— Apply by
letter to D. C. L., Gardours* Chronicle Ofiice, 41. Wellmcton
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a single young
man as ROSE GROWER and PROPAGATOR of
Hardy Shrubs, willing to in.ike himself useful in the Nursery
Wages, 2if. per week.— H. APPLEBY, Box Hill Nursery!
Dorking, Surrey.

WANTED, a single young MAN (abstainer),
to Grow Strawberries, Cucumbers, &c , for Market.
Best references required. A good opening for an energetic
man.— RICHARD BINNS, Loveland's Farm, Reig.-ite.

TI^ANTED, a strong active young MAN

▼ » (not under 21). who must be a good Florist, and under-
stand Early and Late Forcing ot Fruit, where a good deal of
glass exists. Wages iSi. per week, bothy, milk and vegetables.
—A. M., 27, George Street, Hanover Square, W.

WANTED, in the oftice of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers.— Full
particulars as to experience, wages required, &c., to U. E. F.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsdilch, E.

WANTED, a MAN for two months, to do
Outdoor Painting, Gla;!ing, and Rou^h Carpentering.
—A. B., I, Copthall Chambers, Throgmorton Street, E.G.

August 2, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

159

WANT PLACES.

RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors lo the
• late Firm of DowNlE & Laird) can at present reconi-
menJ with every confidence several tirsl-rale SCOTCH tJAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities maybe thoronfihly de-
pended upon, either for Large Esl.iblishnicnts or Single-handed
Sunaiions: also FOREMEN. UNDKK GARDEN EKS, and
FARM Bailiffs. — 17. FredericI; Street. Edinlnirgh.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs, Carter.—
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holboni, W.C.

C OTCH GARDENERS.

— John Downik, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number ot SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranying
from ^50 to ^loo per annum, and he will b* pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that
ihey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, married,
no family; is open to engage with any Nobleman cr
Gentleman who requires a practical experienced Gardener. —
G. S.. Caike Abbey, Derby.

C:j.ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no
* family ; thoroughly experienced. Wi'e can attend lo
Lodge Gate, or Assist in House, if requited. — F. MUORE.
39, Fleet Street. Rose Hill, Derby.

CIiARDENER (Head).— A Lady wishes to
-^ recommend a first-rate Gardener, with excellent cha-
racter. Lived three years in last place, and left at the master's
death and breaking up of the establishment. — C. C. , The Lodge,
Dunford House, Midhurst. Sussex.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a good practical man — Mr. Hen-
derson, Gardener to J. Deacon, Esq., Mableilon Paik, Ton-
bridge, wishes to recommend his Foreman, Wm. Couzens, as
above. Total abstainer.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married;
has a thorough knowledge of Gardening in all its
branches, also the Laymg-out of Grounds and the Management
of Park Lands, &c.-T. SWANSBOROUGH, Mrs. Cooper's,
Bridge Street, Godalming, Surrsy.

GARDENER (Head).— A. Rawle, for seven
and a half years Gardener to Lord Chas. P. Clinton, is
at liberty to engage with any one requiring his services, Tho-
roughly efiicieni. Good character. Kindly recommended by
former employer. — The Lodge, Hesketh Crescent, Torquay,

GARDENER (Head).— Age 39 ; twenty
years' experience ; thoroughly up in Vines, Melons,
Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing; also Kitchen
and Flower Gardens, Stock. &:c. Abstainer. Good reference. —
H. NUNN, 35, Noyna Road. Upper Tooling, S.W.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept. — Age 41, married, no family ; well experienced
in all branches. Sixteen years' good character from last situa-
tion. Death cause of leaving. — B. A., 25, Queen's Koad,
Sutton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr.
Bi^TTHRS, of Luton Hoo Park, Bed^'ordshire. can with
confidence recommend his Foreman, Mr. W. Bowers, who has
been with him upwards of six years, to any Laay or Gentleman
requiring the services of a good prantical Gardener. Any ques-
tions will be gladly answered on application to the above address.

GARDENER (He.\d). — Samuel Jenks,
Gardener to Donald Larnach, Esq., can with every con-
fidence recommend his Foreman— A. Brooks. Any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, energetic, trust-
worthy man could not do better than engage him. — Brambletye,
East Grinstead, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble-
man or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly
practical Gardener, whose qualifications are quite reliable
to produce by high-class culture all classes of Fiuit, Flowers,
and Vegetables, and who thoroughly understands Orchids,
Stove-plants, both Hard-wooded and Soft-wooded Flowering
Plants for the Conservatory and Drawing-Room Decoration,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening in the various rotations
and Designs. Bouquet Making, and Dinner-table Decorations,
&c.— JNO. McNICOL, Waldecke Cottage, Lyne, near Virginia
Water Station, Chertsey.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,

three in family : disengaged at Michaelmas, Twenty
years' experience. Highest references.— GARDENER, Caze-
nove House, Clapham Common, S.W.

ARDENER (He.w Working).— Age 35,

married, no family ; twenty years* practical experience
in all branches of the profession. Good references, — G, C, 35,
Alma Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDENER (He.\d WORKING), where two
or three more are kept.— Age 27 ; thirteen years' experi-
ence in very good Gardens. G^od character.— A. B., 6, Rose
Cottages, Westfields, Barnes, S.W.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age y:,,

married, three children. Thoroughly exoerienced in all
branches. Good character. Leaving through death. — HEAD
GARDENER, Vincent Lodge, Redland, Bristol.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Thorough
knowledge of the profession in all its various branches ■
highest references can be given.— R, C,, Mr. Ottey, Doylesford
Village, Chipping Norton.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,
married, small family : thoroughly understands his
duties. Twenty years' experience. First-cla^s testimonials as
to character and abilities.— W. H. SMALL, 8, Elgin Terrace,
Maida Vale, London, N.W.

GARDENER (He.\d Working), where one
or more are kept, — Age 33, married ; understands Vines,
Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gaidcning,
also the Management o( Stock and Land. Can be highly
recommended from present employer, — A. B., Mrs. Coxhead,
Great Stanmore, Middlesex.

GARDENER (He.\d Working), where not
less than three are kept. — Married, no family; highly
respectable, energetic, and trustworthy. Twenty- seven years'
practical experience in all branches of a first-class place.
Superintend Land and Stock if required. Satisfactory reasons
for leaving. Excellent character and testimonials Near
London preferred. — R. M,, Gardens, Spring wood, Hartford,
Kent.

(:j,ARDENER (Head, or gooti Single-

V-* handed), to any Lady or Gentleman,— Age 30 ",
thoroughly p>actical man. Good character from last and
present employer, Ac.^ — W, \VI LI.IAMS, ii, Alexandra
Terrace, Sunnyside Koad, Hornsey Rise, N.

GARDENER, in a good estabhshment. —
Age 26 ; ten years' experience. Used to Work under
Gla^s, and especially in Growing Plants for Market purposes.
Good references. — G. B., 4, Albany Cottages, Milton Road,
Hampton, Middtesev.

To Nurserymen, Head Gardeners, and Others.

GARDENER, where he could improve. —
Age 17 ; two and a half years under glass. Good refer-
ences.— W. G., I, Frederick Villa, Crescent Road, Ramsgate,
Kent.

/^ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 24,

VJ single ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good
character from last and previous situations. — A. G., ?, Park
Road, Chislehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise).—Age 28 ; thirteen years' practical experience in
all branches.— G. H., Mrs. Whitmitl, High Street, Edgware.

GARDENER (good Single-handed or
where help is given). — Age 31, married; thoroughly
practical in all branches. Fifteen years' expereince ; three and
a half years' good character from present employer.— W. C.
COOK, Woodberry Hill, Loughton, Essex.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
Age 26 ; understands Vines. Cucumbers, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening, S:c. Four years' good character from last
place.— W. C, 14. St. Thomas' Gardens. Haverstock Hill, N.W.

GARDENER (Second or Third), in the
Houses in a good private establishment. — Age 25 ; can be
highly recommended by present and previous employers. Dis-
tance no object.— W. RICHARDSON, Verandah Cottage,
Malvern Wells.

GARDENER (Under). — Age 22; five
years' experience. — C. J., "Tenchley Park, Limpsfield,
Surrey.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; stron'g

and active. Two years' good character. — J. M., 19,
Wix Lane, Clapham Common, S.W.

GARDENER (Under), in or out of the
Houses. — Single; can be welt recommended. — F. H.,
Mr. Durrant, Porthkerry, Cowbridge, Glamorganshire.

GARDENER (Under), in a good"establish^
ment. — Age 21 ; si-v years' experience. Good character.
— H. W,. 17. Helena Road, Windsor. Berks.

ARDENER (Under). —Age T\. Four

years' experience. Twelve months' good character from
last situation.— GEORGE HEAD, East Sytherly, Romsey,
Hants.

ARDENER (Under), In or Out of the

Houses, — Age 27. single, respectable ; good e.\perience.
Can be well recommended. Nearly three years' character from
last situatien.— W. COOPER, Elibank Lodge, Sunninghill,
Ascot, Berks.

ARDENER (Under), or GROOM and

GARDENER.— Age 26, married, one child ; respectable.
No objection to a Cow or two. Good character from present
and previous employers.— W. G., Post Office, Higham Hill,
Walthamstow, Essex.

GARDENER (UNDER, where two are kept),
or GROOM and GARDENER.— Age 24, single : good
character and highly recommended. — S, W., Warmwell Cottage,
Upper Parkstone, Poole, Dorset.

OREMAN,or MANAGER.— Middle-aged ;

experienced Plantsman and Salesman, also in Bouquets,
Wreaths, Crosses, Decorations, Landscape Gardening, and the
Management of Men. — B. J., 153, Albany Street, N.W.

FOREMAN, in a large estabhshment, or
Head, in a smaller of.e. — Age 26 ; highly rcommended.
—GEORGE LEONARD, Mereworih. Maidstone. Kent

FOREMAN ; age 24.— Mr. Henry Fossev,
Gardener to C. E. Goodheart, Esq , Laogley Park.
Beckenham, wishes to recommend his laie Foreman to any
Gardener wanting a thoroughly practical energetic man.

FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 26 ;
twelve years' experience in first-class establishments.
Unexceptionable testimonials. — F. F. G., Honeys Lodge,
Twyford. Berks,

FOREMAN, in a good estabhshment. — Ten
years' experience in Plant and Fruit Departments and
General Work of a good Garden.— E. G. B, Station Road,
Cheam, Surrey.

FOREMAN (General), in the Houses, or
In and Out combined. — Age s6, single ; thorough know-
ledge in all branches. Good references.— '1'. C, Mr, Bibb,
Woodfield, Stevenage, Herts.

FOREMAN (General).— Age 24 ; has had
six years' practical experience in good establishments.
Good reterences from all preceding situations. Total ab&tamer.
G. MATTHEWS. Cheverell's Park, Dunstable, Beds.

FOREMAN (General or Indoor).— Mr.
Warn, Gardener to P. D. Grinfell, Esq.. Hatchland
Park, can with every confidence recommend his Foreman to
any Gardener requiring a thoroughly practical energetic man.
Twelve years' experience.— JOSEPH HUMPHREYS, The
Gardens, Hatchland Park, Guildford. Surrey.

OREMAN and PROPACIATOR.

— Twenty years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Roses, Rhododendrons. Clematis, Vines ; also Bouquets,
Wreaths, &c.— T. S., 3, Westview Terrace, Eastgate, I'etet-
borough.

TjU) REMAN PROPAGATOR and

-L GROWER. — Age 27 ; twelve years' experience in London
Market Trade Nurseries. Good character, — CHARLES
JOHNSON, Sutton-on-Trent. Notts.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR ^
GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c., and
Choice Cut Flowers for Market. — Well up in Vines and Roses,
also Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. London references,- G. H.,
Gardeners C hronicle iy^\c^, i,\ . Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen.

GROWER. — Age 23 ; six years' experience
in Covent Garden Market Nurseiies ; good references. —
J, S., Mr. Cannon, Biggs" Nurseiy, George Lane, Lewisham,S.E.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—

t^ Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Excellent references as
to character and ability. Abstainer. Please state particulars.
— E. v.. West Drayton, Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a

" Foreman, — Age 23 ; seven years' experience. Near
London preferred.— H, J. R.. 54, Templar Road, Hackney, E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses7in~a~good
establishment. — Age 22 ; eight years'good practical expe-
rience ; good reference. A. FRY, Waverley Abbey, Farnham,
Surrey.

JO U RNEYMAN ; age 22.— J. JEFFERSON,
Worksop. Notts, wishes to recommend a young man that
has served under him for the last two and a half years. Houses
preferred.

JOURNEYMAN, under a good Foreman.—

P-' Age 19; six years' experience. No objection to pay
Premium. Two years' character.— HEAD GARDENER,
Erixworth Hall, Northampton.

JOURNEYMAN (SECOND or First), in a

t/ good establishment, — Can be well recommended : hve and
a half years' character. Bothy preferred.- T. TULLETT,
South Park, Reigate. Surrey.

ROSE BUDDER.— Fourteen years' expe-
rience. Good reference.— J. WILLIAMS, Stapleford,
Salisbury.

TX) GENTLEMEN'S GARDENERS.—

-L Wanted to place a Youth out (age T4) where he could
obtain a knowledge of Gardening generally — Apply, stating
Premium, to T. W. TRUSSLER, Windmill Hill, Enfield.

SHOPMAN.— Age 25 ; first-class references
and experience.— BRASSICA, 57, Brighton Street, Peas
Hill Road. Nottingham,

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. —Age 23;
nine years" experience in Wholesale and Retail Houses ;
first-class references. — E. M., Garde7ieri' Chronicle Office,
4t, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT), in a good Retail
Establishment.— Age ai ; five and a half years' e.vperi-
ence. Place with Nursery connection preferred. Can be well
recommended.— W. B., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.

To Nursery men and Florists.

SALESMAN, in Market or otherwise.— Used
to Covent Garden. Good references. — G. G., 2, Shirley
Villas SidcuD Kent.

To FLORISTS and SEEDSIWEN.— A
Situation in a Florist and Seedsman's, for Improvement
in General Shop Work. Four years' good character. Testi-
monials. &c., of F. W. COOPER, The Walks Nursery,
Huntingdon.

HANDY MAN, on a Gentleman's Estate.—
Age 38 ; competent to do all branches of House and
Furniture Repairs, Carpentering. Painting, Papering, Glazine,
Upholstering, Repairing and Polishing Furniture, &:c. — A '/. ,
Gardeners^ ChrotticleOi^ZQ, 4T, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

Consumption and Asthma In all stages are instantly

relieved by

DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS,
which taste pleasantly, and elTcct a rapid Cure. in
Bronchitis, Coughs, Colds, Whooping Cough, Phlegm, and all
Disorders of the Breath, Throat and Lungs, Hysterical. Nervous
and Heart Complaints. Rheumatism and Nervous Pains, "they
act like a charm." Price u. ^lid., is. >jd., ^5. CJ., and its.
per Box, of all Druggists.

HO L L O W A Y ' S^^I O. S^T^This coolinj
Medicine has the happiest effect when the blood is
overheated and a tendency to inf^ammilory action is set up in
the system ; one Pill taken shortly before dinner does away with
the indigestion, fulness, and flitulency— indications of a weak
stomach, or a disordered liver. A few Pills taken at bedtime
act as alteratives and aperients ; they not only relieve the
bowels, but regulate every organ connected with them, over-
come all acrid humours, and encourage a free supply of all ihe
secretions essential to our well-being. Holloway's Pills tho-
roughly cleanse and perfectly regulate the circulation, and
beget a feeling of comfort in hot climates and high temperatures,
which is most desirable for preservation of health.

i6o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 2, 1884.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,

REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,

REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of

CURRENT INTEREST,

HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

ALPINE PLANTS.

ARBORETUM— The.

BEDDING PLANTS.

BEES.

BOTANY.

BULBOUS PLANTS.

CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.

CONIFERS.

DISEASES OF PLANTS.

EVERGREENS.

EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS.

FLOWER GARDENS.

Special attention is given to the following subjects :

FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING,
LAWNS.— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.

ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.

PALMS.

PLANTING.

PLEASURE GROUNDS.

POMOLOGY.

POTATOS.— POULTRY.

RHODODENDRONS.

ROCKERIES.

ROSES.

SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.

STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.

SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of.
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY.
VINES.

WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.

Illmtratiotis by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be

ABB AY, Rev

ANDERSON (J.I..
ANURfiCE.). Paris
ANTOINE(F.), Vienna..
ATKINS (J.)
BADEN-POWELL (H)
BADGER (E. W.)..
BAINES(T.)
BAKER (G.)

BAKER (J. G), F.R.S. ..
BALFOUR (the late Professor)

BALL (J), F.R.S

BANCROFT (G.). M.D.
BARRON (A. F.), Chiswick ..
BEIJERINCK.Dr, WogeninEcn
BENNET (H.), M.D , Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G), M.D.. Sydney
BENTHAMIG.), F.R.S.
BERGMAN (E.). Paris ..
BERKELEY (Rev. M. J.), F.R.S.
BLACKMORE (K. U.) ..
BLAIR (T.), Shriibland Gardens

BLOW(l-. B.)

BO!SSIER<E.), Geneva
BOSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev. J, T.)
BOULGER(G. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGKT(thelate H. A.)
BRITTEN (J ), British Museum
BROWN (N. E.), Kew ..
BULLEN (R.), Bot.anic Carden.

Glaseow
EURBIDGE (F. W,), Botanic

Garden. Dublin
CARUEL(Professor). Florence..
CASPARY (Prof.), Ko=nigsberg . .

CHALLlS(r.)

CLARKE (Col TREVOR)
CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S.
COBHOLD(T. S.), F.R.S.
COLEMAN (W.), Eastnor Castle
Gardens . .

COOKE (M.C.)

COOMEKK (J), The Ilendre ..
COOPER (Sir DAN.. Hart.) ..
CORREVON (H). Geneva
COX (J.), Redleaf Gardens

i:REWE (the larc Rev. H. H.) ..

CROSSLING (R.). St. Fafian's
Castle Gardens

CROUCHER (J.)

DARWIN (the late CHARLES)

DEAN (A.)

DEAN (R.)

DECAI;>NE(lhelate Prof.). Paris

DE CANDOLLE(A ), Geneva..

DEH RAIN (Pro(essor),Paris..

DOU (Rev. C. W.)

DODWELL(E. S.)

DOUGLAS (J.). Great Gearies,
Uford

DOWNIE (J.), Edinburch

DRUIJE (Professor), Dresden ..

DUCHARTRE (Professor). Pans

DUTHIE (J. F.), Saharunpore. .

DVER(BERNARD) ..

DYER (Rev. T. F.)

DYER (W. T. T.), F.R.S.

EARLEY{W.)

ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) ..

Coffee-leaf Disease.

Orchids.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Garden Botany.

Garden Botany.

Alpine Plants.

Queensland Correspondence

F'riut Culture.

Diseases of Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Vegetable Physiolo;;y.

Australian Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Foreign Correspondence.

Diseases of Plants.

Pomology.

Practical Gardening.

Bees.

Garden Plants.

Landscape Gardenin;;,

Vegetable Physiology.

Notes from a Lancashire

Plant Lore. [Garden,

Garden Botany.

Orchid Notes.

Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.

Practical Gardening.

Fungi.

Practical Gardening.

Australian Correspondence.

Alpine Plants.

Practical Gardening.

Garden Plants.

Practical Gardening.
•Succulent Plants. '
Physiology of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Floriculture,
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany, R:c,
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.

EICHLER (Professor). Director
Imperial Botanic Garden,

Berlin

ELWES (H. J.)

ENGELMANN (the lateG.), St,

Louis
EVERSHED (H.)

EYLES(G.)

FELLOWES (Rev, E.) ,.
FENZI(E.), Florence ..
FISH (D. T.), Hardwicke

Gardens

FISHER (Rev. O.)
FITCH (W. H.). F.L.S.
FLEMING (the late J.), Cliveden

Gardens
FOSTER (Dr. M.). F.R.S.
FROST fP.). Dropmore Gardens

GIBSON (WM.)

GILBERT (J. H.). F.R S.
GLAISHER(J.). F.R.S,
GRAY (Prof. ASA). Boston
GREEN (CHARLES) ..
GRIEVE (P.). Bury St, Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HANBURY (I'.), Mentone
HART(J.). Jam.aica
HEER (Professor O.), Zurich ..
HEMSLEY (VV. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.), K,C.S.I.
HtJRNER (Rev. F, D.)
HOWARD (J. E,), F.R.S.
HUDSON (J.), Gunnersbury
Gardens , . . . . .

IM THURN (EVERARD),

Briti.sh Guiana
INGRAM (W.), Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLV(C,). Paris

KING (Dr.). Calcutta ..

KNIGHT (H.)

K(;LB (MAX), Munich

KRELAGE(J. H.I, H.aarlem ..

LANGE(Prot.), Copenhagen

LAVALLEE (ihe late ALPII.),
Paris

LEES (E.), F.L.S

LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden
Baden

LINDHERG (Prof,), Helsingfors

LYNCH (R. I), Cambridge
Botanic Garden

MACLACHLAN(R.), F.R,S. ..

MACOWAN (Prof,), Cape Town

MANGLES (J. H.), F,L.S. ..

MARIES (C.)

MAKTINS(Prof.), Montpellier..

MAW (G.), F,L.S

MEEHAN (T,), Philadelphia ..

MELVILLE (D.), Dnnrobin
Gardens

MICHIE (C. Y.), Cullcn House,
Banff

MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey
Gardens., .. .. ,.

MILLER (W), Combe Abbey ..

MONTEIRO(Chev.), Lisbon ..

MOORE (F. W.), Glasnevm Bo-
tanic (harden

Foreign Correspondence,
Garden Botany,

Conifers.

Garden Literature.

Landscape Gardening,

Roses.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening,

Roses.

Illustrations.

Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry,
Meteorology.
Garden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany,
Florists' Flowers,
Cinchonas,

Flower Gardening.

Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.

Garden Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Insects.

Colonial Notes.

Rhododendrons.

Japan Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Crocus — Garden Plants.

American Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

mentioned ;—

MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge . . Foreign Correspondence,

MORRIS (D.), Jamaica .. .. Colonial Notes.

MUDD (C). South Africa .. Colonial Notes.

MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.),

Melbourne Australian Plants.

MURTON (H, J.), Siam .. Colonial Notes,

NAUDIN (C), Antibes .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

NELSON (C. J.), Orange Free

State Foreign Correspondence,

NESFIELD (the late MARK-
HAM) ., Landscape Gardening,

NICHOLSON (G.), Kew ., Arboretum,

O'BRIEN (JAMES) .. .. Orchid Culture.

OLIVER (Capt. S) .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

OLIVEIRA (f. D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence.

OLLERHEAD (J), Wimbledon

Park Gardens ., .. .. Practical Gardening.

ORMEROD (Miss) .. .. Insects.

OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam .. .. .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

PAGET (Sir James) .. ., Diseases of Plants,

PAUL (GEORGE) ,. .. Floriculture.

PAUL (WM.) Floriculture.

PEAKE (the late A. W.) .. VeEet.ible Chemistry.

PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg .. Orchids

PHILIPS (W.) Fungi -Plant Diseases.

PLANCHt)N(Prof.), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence.

PLOWRlGHT(C. B.l .. .. Fungi-Plant Diseases.

PRESTO (H.). 'Trinidad .. .. Colonial Notes.

PYNAERT (E.), Ghent ,, .. Foreign Correspondence,

REI'iEL (E.), St. Petersburg .. Foreign Correspondence.

REICHENBACH (Professor) ,. Orchids.

RIVERS (F.j. Sawbridgeworth.. Fruit Culture.

ROBERTS (J.) Piactical Gardening.

ROBINSON (J, F) ., ,, Bees.

RODIGAS, (E.), Ghent ., .. Foreign Correspondence.

RUST(J.) Practical Gardening.

SARGE ANT (C. W.), Boston .. American Correspondence.

SAUL (M.), York Practical Gardening.

SCHOMBURGK (Dr.), Adelaide Colonial Notes,

SCHUBELER(Prof), Christiana Foreign Correspondence.

SHEPPARD (J), Wolverston

Gardens Practical Gardening

SIEMENS (the late Sir W.),

F,R.S, .. Electric Light.

SMITH (A.), Hycres .. .. Foreign Correspondence

SMITH (W, G.), F.L.S. .. lllustrations-Fungi.

SDRAUER (Prof.), Proskau .. Diseases of Plants.

SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden Foreign Correspondence.

SWAN (W.), Fallowfield., .. Orchid Culture.

SYMI^ (G.), Jamaica ., .. Colonial Notes.

THURBER (G ), New York .. American Correspondence.

TIDMARSH, Graham's Toivn . . Colonial Notes.

TODARO (Baron), Palermo ., G.irden Bot.any,

TRIMEN (H,), Ceylon ., Colonial Notes,

WAl.LIS (J,), Keele Gardens .. Pr.actical gardening.

WARD (H. W), Longford Castle

Gardens .. .. .. Practical Gardening.

WARINGTON (R) .. .. Vegetable Chemistry.

WATSON (SERENO) .. .. Garden Botany.

WEBSTER (J.), Gordon Castle

Gardens,, Practical Gardening,

WEBSTER (A. D) ,. ., Forestry.

WEIR(H.). Bienchley .. .. Gardening for Amateurs.

WESTWOOD (Professor) .. Insects.

WILDSMITH (W.l, Heckfield

Gardens.. .. . .. Practical Gardening.

WILLIS (J. W), Ilarpenden ,. Chemistry.

WILSON (G. F.), F,K,S,, ,. Lilies, &c.

WILSON (IJ.) Practical Caidening.

WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin ,. Foreign Correspondence.

WOLKENSTEIN.St.Petersburg Foreign Correspondence.
With many others.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Pu'olisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by Wn.i.iAM RicHAKUs. at the Ollice of Messrs. P'tAumut-.-, Ar.Naw, & Co,, Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the 5aid William RlcnAltDS, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St, Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County,— Sati'Kdav, August a, 1884,

Agent for Manchester— John Hevwouu. Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

efita!jU5iJ)eti 1841.

No. 554.— Vol. XXII. {sekTes. } SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1884. {

Registered at the Gener;
Post-office as a Ncwspapei

.•;}:

Price 5d.

POST-IREE, sJ</.

CONTENTS.

Apiiles

Buibophyllum SiUemia-

num
Cacii, edible
Charcoal kilns
Colonial DOte<
t'olouriDg of Grapes, the
Culture of Caiilcyas, the
CuTiaghmore
Cyclamen coims . .

Dro,jinore

Ereniurus aunrntiacus . .
Evergreens
Flowcr garden, the
Flowers, baskets of

,, m season
Forestry txhibilion
Fruit crops, reports on ..

,, ga)dcD, the hardy ,

,, noies
Gardening appointmetils.
Goosebenies on waste

walls
Grapes and Tomatos
Halesia hispida ..
Home corie^pondence . .
Impatiens flaccida ..

Ivits

lamaica : its Orchids, &c.
Kitchen garden, the
Lilacs for forcing
Lily Nursery, Dersing-

ham, the
Moi.qmtos, do ihey live

on itoimal or vegetable

juices? . .
New Zealaud, notes on. .

178 Oak destroyed by light-
ning

166 Obituary

171 Urchid notes and glean-
iSr ings

Peas, late, and their cul-
ture
Plants, economic, in Tene-
nffe
,, new garden
Postal boxes ..

178 Potato Crop*, the
it>S I ,, disease

175 ' Poitery, the Roval, at

179 Weston-super-Maie . .
173 Sccieiies—

Butkingham Horticul-
tural

Farnham Royal
Liverpool Horticultural

Assnciaiion . .
Mas.^achu5etis Honi-

cultuial
Peterborough Horticul-
tural and Cottage
Garden
Royal Southampton

Horliculiural
Warwick Am<iteurs and
Coiiagers*
179 Sollya parviftora . .
Souih Australian
deiiers' Society
Stocks, summer ..
Troparjluni speclosum
Weather, the . ..
Yorkshire Gala, grand

'75

)70

»72 ,

iSo

179

105

1G7 ,
182

179

179
174
176
181
176
176
168
175

170

171
172

Gai-

i63 i
1S8

17S

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Catlleya Reineckiana
Charcoal kilns
Halesia hispida . .
Oak struck by lightning.
Postal box, a

177
169

p\A FFO D I L CONFERENCE
■^ at South Kensington. — ■ Two Large
COLOURED PLATES (19 in. X 13 ?a) of
"daffodils:' Price Sd. each, post-free jd.
ir. RICHARDS, ''Gardeners' Chronicle"
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

T

Nov Ready, In clotti, 16a..
'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington, S.W.

NOTICE ! — COMMriTEEs' MKEIINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at 11A.M.. in the Conservatory.

GENERAL MEETING, for the Elenion of Fellowc,
at 3P M., in the Gallery of the Constrvatory, 00 TUESDAY
NEXT. Aueust 12.

COri"AGfc.RS' and ARTISANS' SHOW of FRUIT and
VEGETABLES.
N.a— E.xhibuots' Entrance. West Side of Royal Albert Hall.

OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington, S.W.

COTTAGERS' and ARTIZ4NS' SHOW of GARDEN
PRODUCE, FRUIT and VEGETABLES, in connection
wiih the International Health Exhibition, on TUESDAY
NEXT, August 12, in the Conservatory. Schedules and full
particulars to be had on application to Mr. A. F. BaRR( IN.

Entrance for Exhibits by Conservatory, West Side of Royal
Albert HaU.

ARWICKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL

SOCIETY.
A GRAND HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION will he
held on the l-h'jw Ground &t Stiatford-on-Avon, on J UESDAY
and WEDNESDA"i', September 2 and 3. Open to all England.
I-ntries close Monday, August 18, Schedule of Fremiurns,
Forms ol Entry, and ail infotmatioa can be had from

Mr. A. M. COX, Local Secretary.
Stratford-on-Avon.

R Y S T A T P A L A C eT

—A SHOW of BULBS and SPRING FLOWERS will
beheld at the Crystal Palace in 1885, Date to be hereafter
announced. A Liberal Schedule.

SCOTTISH^SEED "and ^NURSERY
TRADE ASSOCIATION.

PRIZE ESSAYS— This Association offers a First Priz» ot
Seven Guineas, and a Second Prize of Ihree Guineas, tor an
Fssay on "The Best and Most Economical System for the
Affjiesiation of Waite and otherwise Unprtfiiable Lands in the
United Kingdom."

Fiinher pariiculars may be had from the Scaetary. Mr.
DAVID HUNTER. S.S.C, 29. Dundas Sireet, Eciubuigh,
with whom the Essays must be lodged 00 or before Dec. i next.

Trade AXLnouncemeQt
M. BE ALE, of Caerhysdda, and

Market Place, Neath.
Flotiit, Seed&maD, &c.. Post Office Buildiogs, Neath.

w

To the Trade.
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and

»' BEALE'3 Wholesale CATALOGUE of Bulbs. Plains.
Everlasting Flowers, and Horticultural Sundiies has now b^eii
Posted to their Customers. Further Copies can he had on appli-
cation to 337 and 238. High Holboro, London, W.C.

To the Trade -Early White Roman Hyacinths.
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and

tJ UEALE hold a large stock of very fine Bulbs, and will
be pleased to give very low quotations for quantities.

To the Trade.— African Tuberoses.

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, AND
BEALE ate now Booking Orders for expected delivery
next mouth. Special quotations for quantities on application, and
nspection invited at 237 ard 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

I~ N~DIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of
L. neilgherrense, is. dd. each ; L. Waltichianum, 2^. td.
and 3f. dd. each; L polyphyllum. 25. td. and 3J. 6rf. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade, AllOiders for 251. carriage
paid to Lmdon. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Kotagiri. Nilgiiis, India.

UGfeNE VERVAET DE VOS, Indian

Azalea Nursery, Swynserde, near Ghent, Belgium, is
now issuing his English Autumn CATALOGUE, which will be
forwarded free on application —

Offering lao.oro INDIAN AZALEAS. So.oco AZALEA
MOLLIS, many thousand STOVEand oiher GREENHOUSE
PLANTS— all of the Growers' Culture and at the Growers' Prices.
An inspecticn is respectfully solicited.

Herbaceous" and alpineTlants.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Daffodil, Daffodilly, Oaffodowndlllles.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS {t&^ on application.
BARR AND SON. 12. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CAT.\LOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs, R. SILBERRAD and SON, 2S, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, EC.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of wh'ch become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
Bedding, from lai. to 24J, per doien, strong plants. Descfiptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

LAPAGERIA ALBA for SALE.— An extra
large Specimen Plant, in robust health, making strong
vigorous growths, 6 to 7 feet long — in a tub. Has 30 strong
growths from the root If planted out wou'd cover a V(.ry large
roof. Price on pppUcatloii to
T. C. AND E.USON.TheGardens.Milner Field, Bmgley, Yoik?.

OR SALE, Two large CROTONS,

pictum and variegatum, or would EXCHANGE for
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Apply to

The GARDENER, The Tower, Belvedere Park, Kent.

To Nurserymen, Private Growerp, &;e.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New V lower M ai ket. Covent Garden,
W.C , is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

W~ ISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

QU E LC H Tnd" B^ARNH AM,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to leceive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS. STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

O Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^^ giving personal attention to all consignments, thty are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ANTED, SNOWDROPS,

in Laree or Sm^ll Quantities. Samples and Price to
J. SLAVMAKER, Centre Avenue. Covent Garden, W.C.

Morello Cherries.

WANTED, from 28 lb. to 2 cwt. of the finest
MORELLO CHERRIES— Wall Fruit, quite ripe,
and very large. Any one having such can dispose of them at
full market price, to

Messrs. COBBETT and SON, 18 and 19, Pall MaU,
London, S.W.

To the Trade.

WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS AND CO.
have Posted their BULB CATALOGUE to all their
Customers. If not received, another Copy will be sent on
application. — 79, Southwaik Street, Ltndon, S.E.

TEA ROSES.— Fine plants, in 48's, price
4sr. per 103. BOUVARDIAS, bushy, in 48's. including
A. Neuiier and Preident Garlitld, &c., 40T. per too.

W, JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kiddermmster.

ROSES in Pots.— AllthebestNew(i8S4)an(i
Old English and Foreign sorts, from \%s. to 36J, per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. De-scriptive LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Worcester.

PRIMULAS. — PRIMULAS. —
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, i^. dd. per dozen, loJ. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBKAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

AUSTRALIAN FERN TREES
(BALANTIUM ANTARCTICUM).
Orders for next spring will be promptly attended to.
Price, loj. per foot under 5 feet high. i2i, di. per foot over 5 feet
high, free to London.
They are the simc y.'^ at the Crystal Palace Shows.
WM. T. SCHOENING, G,P.O.. Melbi^urne, Australia.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses. Narcissus. Lilies, ac.

BUDDENBURG BROS., Buld Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

ELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free of

KELWAY AND SUN, Langport.

K

OUR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 63 and 69,
just issued, contain all the North American Lilies, Rare
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti. Friiillarias, Heuchera micrantha,
&C., Ferns aLd Cypnpedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order,
at unprecedentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

FRICAN TUBEllOSES.— Our supply of

Bulbs ii now atrivine, in fine quality.
HOOPER AND LO., Covent Garden. London. W.C.

A

EstablUhed 1860.

Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker), Exotic
• N'ursery, Tooting, Surrey. S.W.

DELPHINIUMS. IRIS GERMAN ICA, PHLOXES.
POTENTILLAS, PEONIES. &c. Selections of too showy
varieties for Rockwork or Border, from 50J. Orders booked for
autumn planting,

F' OR SALE, Two large ORANGE TREES,
and Two large SHADDOCK TREES, in Slate Tubs.
For price and particulars apply,

J. G., The Gardens, Bayfordbury, Hertford.

N

W DRIED ROSES.

For SAMPLES, with PRICE LIST,

apply to

J- SCHRODER, Wassenaar, South Holland.

OBERT A>JD GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and alt who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrub = , &c.. ihi< autumn, that their
stock of FkUlT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and thi^t ihe present time is
the best to view and select the same, bcih as rcgatds foliage
and flower. Aperson^I visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common. S.W.

Tbe Lord Beaconsfleld Raspberry.

MR. A. FAULKNOR, of Inkpen, near
Hungerford, wishes to dispose of hi.< entire stock of
So.GCo Raspberry Canes, a sample of which tock the First-cla&s
Cerlificaie at the Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting held at
South Kensington un -August r4, 1383. Mr. Faullcnor would te
pleased to make arrangements with intending purchasers.

Strawberries.

OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of
the most approved varieties is now ready, and will be
sent post-free on apiHcation,

THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgewonh Herts.

STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, ^s. per
100. Plants, in small pots. i6i, per loo ; d:tio, in large
pot--, 251 per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymtn ai-d Seed
Merchants, Worcesttr.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

-^ are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of varieties wiih Prices on application.

" A Book about Strawbeiries," 3-/.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, Wmra
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commeicial Street, E.

1 62

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 18S4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Friday Next.

By order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., of 191, Park
Road. Clapham, S.W.

A GRAND IMPORTATION of CATTLEYA MENDELI,
C. CITRINA, C. GIGAS, C. TRIANi€. EPIDEN-
DRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS, PINGUICULA
CAUDATA, CHY.SIS AUREA ; also established plants
of MASDEVALLI A RACEMOSA(CrQS~i) M. TROCHI-
LUS. M. PACHYANi'HA, M. CHIM^ERA, and M.
HARRYANA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G.. on FRIDAY NEXT,
August IS, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS from

Mr. Loureoco Hoyer, of Rio de Janeiro, for Unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their SALE, at the Central Auction
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.. on FKIDAY NEXT,
Augustus some grand mas.es ol CATTLEYA PEhRlNI.C.
HAKRIbONIiE, I.1ELIA ELEGaNS. L. PURPURATA,
L. AMANI.A, ONclDlUM PULVINATUM MAJOR,
SOPHKONITES GRANDIFLORA, &c.

At the same time will be sold a small importation of
ORCHIDS (another property), and a few lots of ESTAB-
LI3HEU ORCHIDS

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Dutch Bulbs.— Special Trade Sales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have now fixed their SALES
of DUTCH FLUWtR ROUTS for the coming season. The
FIRSTAUCIION will lake place on MOM DAY, August i8.
This and the three fullowing Sales, on August 21, 25, and z8
respectively, will consist ot lots specially composed to suit the
Traoe and other extensive Buyers, and arrangements have
been made for the supply of Roots ofihebest quality. The
Sales will then be coniioued every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY during September, October, and November.
Catalogues will be sent regularly on apohcation to the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E. C

Flowering Orchids —Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
bee to announce ihac their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place on TUESDAY,
Augu-t a6, for which they wiU be glad to receive entries not
later than the iSih iist.

67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.

Valuable Fieeliold Retldences, Nursery, and

Euildiug Land in Maghiill, Lancashire.

MR. W. G. IDLE will SELL by AUC-
TION, at the -GREAT MOGUL INN." MAG-
HULL, on TUESDAY, August 19, at half-past 6 o'Ciock in the
Evening prompt, subject to conditions of sale, all th.it FREE-
HOLD ESTATE, siiuate in Maghull, in the County of Lan-
caster, nearly opposite Mr. Cooksun's, and fronting the liver-
pool and Preston turnpike-road. con->.istiiig of t*o large SEMI-
DEIACHED MESaUAGES or DWELLING-HOU:>ES,
with shrubberies and Gardens tu the front thereof, approached
from the road by convenient carriage drives, and with the usual
outbuildiugs thereto. Also a large PLOT of LAND appertain-
ing and adjoining to the left-hand side house, and nearest to
Mdgnull Station, laid out as a NUkSERY. with the Green-
house, Cucumber-houae, Frames, and other Buildings thereoa
erected, ana having a south wall 465 (eet 6 inches in extent,
together with an extensive Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind,
and appertaining to the other residence, and together also with
a CROFl' or PARCEL of LAND adjoining the last mentioned
resiaence. The wiiole property has a frontage to the said turn-
pike-road of 8.^8 feet, and contains in the whole 4a. ar. 5p.
17K y^*-i statute measure, or thereabouts.

ihe MESSUAGE on the right-hand or Liverpool side, with
the Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind the same, and the sjid
Croft or Parcel of Land, are in the tenancy of Mr. Charles
Parr, the other Messuage first described in that of Mr. Good-
man, and the said Nursery, Hothouses, &c., are in the occupa-
tion of Mr. J. D. Ellison.

The HOTHOUSES consist of a span-roofed Vinery and
Plant-house, 240 leec long by 20 feet wjde, in eight sections,
separately heated ; a span-rooted Cucumber-house, 240 feet
long by 10 feet wide, in two sections, separately heated ; also
Frames 100 feet long, also heated ; with a Water Tank, Store-
house, and Potting Sheds. The healing is perlormcd by two
large Treniham Boileis.

It not sold as an entirety, the property will be offered for sale
in the loUowing lots : —

Lot I.— The MEsSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE 00
the left hand side and nearest to Maghull Station, with the
Nursery, Hoihjuses, and other Appurtenances as above men-
tioned. This lot has a frontage of 334 l«et, and contains
2a. 2r. 4p. 6>d3, in the whole.

Lot 2. -The MESSUAGE or DWELLING HOUSE on
the riiiht-hand or Liverpool side, wiih the large Vegetable and
I-ruit Garden, and a portion of the Croft added as marked out.
Fioiilage 104 feel, lotal contents. 3r. gp. 24yds.

Lot 3.— Ihe remainder or greater portion of the CROFT as
marked out, containing la. or. 3ip. 18yds. in the whole, and
having a frontage of 390 feet. This lot is exceedingly adapted
for building purposes.

This estate is a quarter of an hour's walk from Maghull
Station, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, and half a
mile distant from ihe new station on the Southport and Cheshire
Lines Extension Railway, which opens up a direct communica-
tion with Souihport. and a thorough communication with Man-
chester. A plan may be inspected at the Solicitors' Offices.

For further particulars apply to the Auctioneer, at his
Offires, Derby Street. Ormskirk ; or to BRIGHOUSE, BRIG-
HOUSE AND JONES, Solicitors, Ormskirk and Southport.

Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 6702.)
FLOWERING ORCHIDS.

MR J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 13,
at half past 12 o'clock precisely, a choice COLLECTION of
ORCH J DS, in Flower, including fine (otms ol Cattieya Oaskel-
liana, C. Eldorado, C. Dowiana. Odontoglos>uni Alexandrse
var. lutecium. O. vexillaniumiubellum. ("attleya crispasuperba,
Masdevallia Norrrtatni. thret: plants of Oelogyne Massangeana,
Disa graiidiflora, &c , and nn iinprirlatiou uf 4030 Imantophyl-
lum miniatum splendcus horn ihe Cape.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs—Trade Sale.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his FIRST SALE of DUTCH BULBS for this
season will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 13, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, and will comprise 8co lots ol valuable
Bulbs from well-known Farms in Holland, lotted to suit the
Trade and other Large Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Cypripedlum nlveum, grand spotted variety.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY,
August 14, at half-past 12 o'Ciock precisely, a splendid
importation of a beautiful spotted form of CYPRIPEDIUM
NiVEUM. This variety has been sent home as Sadiroyaiium,
but cannot be warranted ; every plant, however, was seen by
Collector infliwer, and is like drawing, sepals, petals, and lip
being densely civered with spots. Also a lot of a beauiilul white
variety of NIVEUM, flowers very large and bold.

On view morning of Sale, and Catal gnes had.

Peterborougli House, FulHam, S.W.

MR. J. C, STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the Executor of the late W. Terry, Esq.,
to offer for SALE by AUCTION, on the Premises as above,
on FRIDAY, August 15, at half past 12 o'clock prtci-ely, the
COLLECTION of ESlABLIsHED ORCHID ^ comprising
a fine plant of Cattieya gigas with 4 leads ; Anguloa Ruckeri,
Angrjecum se^quipedale, with 5 leads ; Aerides larpentse, Den-
drobium Hilllii, Vanda teres, Lselia siiperbiens. Mlltonia
specubilis, t)dontogloasum bictonense, ftc. ; also a small
COLLECTION of sTOVE and GREENHOUsE PLANTS,
including a nice specimen of Tabemaemontana camatsa, large
plant of Stephanotis floribunda, Crotons of sorts, Pancra-
tiums, &c.

May be viewed day prior and morning of Sale, and Cata-
logues had on the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS,
Horticuliural Auctioneer and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C.

Saturday Next.— (Sale No. 6705.)

BULBS from HOLLAND —TRADE SALE.

MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY NEXT, Au'^ust 16.
at hall-past 13 o'Ciock orecise'y. a consignment of 800 lots of
first-class Double ana Single HYACINTH S, '"ULlPS, CRO-
CUSES. NARCIsSUS, SCILLAS. SNOWDROPS, and
other BULBS, just received from well known Farms in Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and other large Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Preliminary.
SALE of an IMPORTANT COLLECTION, comprising
Several Thousand Choice and Rare ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, in first-class conauion J and a large number
oflMPORTED PLANTS.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
respectfully noti'v the receipt of int;tructions trom the
Executrix of the late Mr. Gewrge Toll, decea^^ed. to SELL
byAUCTION.on'lUESDAYand WEDNESDAY September
9 and 10, at their Large Rooms. 45. Prt- ess Street, Manchester,
a Finely Sele< ted Lot of Good ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
Catalogues are in course of preparation.

For further particulars apply to M^srs. S. SIMPSON AND
SON. Solicitors, 15, Southgate. Kins; Street West ; or to the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, both of Manchester.

Waltham Cross, N.
R. J. TYDEMAN will SELL by AUC-

TK)N EARLY in SEPTEMBER (unless a suitable
offer is previously made for the Whole Collections), at the
Nurseries. Waltham Cross, a VALUABLE COLLECTION
of SPELIMEN sTOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
the property of Mr. E. Tudgey, of the " Exotic " Nurseries,
Waltham Cross (late of Worcester), and sold in consequence of
his giving up Exhibiting, including well grown specimens of
Azalea mdica. Cape Ericas, Genetyllis, Aphelexis, Phoeno-
comas, Dracophylliims, Stephanotis, Allaniandas, Cleroden-
drons, Francisceas, Rondeletias, Specimen Palms. Anthuriums,
Crotons, &c. Ihis well-known collection has taken first prizes
at iho London and Provincial Shows, viz: — Regent's Park,
South Kensington. Crystal Palace, Manchester, and elsewhere,
and includes i-ome o' the finest grown specimens in the country.
Also two Exhibition Plant VANS, in good repair.

Full particulars of Mr. J. TYDEMAN. Auctioneer and
Valuer, Waltham Cross, N.

Date of Sale will be announced in future Advertisement.

Suubury, Middlesex.

IMPORTANT and DESIRABLE PROPERTY. A rare
opportunity. Mutt be sold 10 Close the Estate,

FOR SALE, the valuable FREEHOLD
ESTATE known as Osborn's Nursery, comprising
17 Acres of Land, which for the Growth of Fruit Trees, Roses,
and General Nursery Stock is unsurpassed. 'There are also
several recently built Ghss Erecnons, with Packing and Pot -
ting-sheds, &c , which cost about ,,£3000 to put up.

The whole of the commanoing and extensive frontage to ihe
road could be easily utilised for building without detriment to
the other portion for Nursery purposes.

Full particulars of the above m ly be obtained, and offers
made, through Me-srs. PRoTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a NURSERY,
SEED, and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, doing a
first-class trade in one of the best manufacturing disti icts in the
Northof England, consisting of Pinery. 3 large Vineries. 2 Peach-
houses, and the fr.llowing houses, all separate : — Camellia and
Lapageria. Eucharis, Melon, Rose, and Show ; with Seedshop,
Pus and Frames. Stable, Packing Shfds, and a giod Dwelling-
house, all well fitted up, in good repair, and first-class working
order, well stocked with Plants. All freehold property, standing
on an acre of ground. Satisfactory reason given for owners'
selling. For paiticulars apply to

HURST AND SON, 152. Houndsditch, London. E.

TO BE SOLD, a FREEHOLD FARM,
comprising House. Barn, Stables, and other Out-build*
ings, and 8 CI )ses, containing about 30 acres of good Land,
suitable for a Fancy Farm, Hunting Stables. Nursery Grounds
or Building Site^ for good Villas. Prettily situated on the
south side of Rugby, and about a mile from Kugby Grammar
School. For luitber particulars, apply to the owners,

Mesirg, ABEL and SON, Alexandra House, HarrogatAi

M

Market Garden, &g.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession,
the BAILBROOK MARKET GARDEN. FRUIT and
DAIRY FARM, situate about one mile from the city of Bath
and Bathampton Station (G. W. R.). comprising q Acres Fruit
and Maiket Gardens, ^% Acres of Pasture, comfortable House,
Cart Shed, Stabling, Piggeries. Store Sheds, and numerous
outhouses Southern aspect, and commands niand vievtS.
Present tenant going abroad in consequence ol ill-heilth.

For full paiticulars, &c.. apply to BROWNE and GILL,
Surveyors, i. Fountain Buildings. Bath.

To Gardeners.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession, a
g-roomed HOUSE, with Large Garden and Hothouses,
stocked with Cucumbers, Mushrooms. &c.

Apply, 43i, Fulham Koad, West Brompton, S W.

To Gardeners and Florists

TO LET, in Clapham Road, a Large
GARDEN, with Hothouse, Vinery, Frames, Laundry.
All in good C' ndition. Rent may be woiked out Address,

B. B,. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4(, Wellii.gton Street
Strand. W.C. ^^___^^_

To Market Gardeners and Seedsmen

TO BE LET, on Lease, So Acres of
excellent GARDEN LAND. 8 acres are p.^med with
Asparagus and Fruit Trees now in full bearing. There is
upon the Estate a good Residence, 2 Cottager. Onion Sheds,
Stables, &c. Situated within half a mile of Peterborough, and
ofFcr< a most excellent opening for a Market Garoener. Apply to
J. E. LITTLE, Estate Agent, Queen Street. Peterborough.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

4(/. per bushel j 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about a tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags, xd. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5*. 6rf. per sack;
5 sacks, 251 ; sacks. 40'. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 2jj. ; sacks,
^d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. \s. grf. per bushel; 15J. per half
ton, 26.1. per too ; in 2 bushel bags. ^d. each.

YELLOW I'IBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, \s. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. td. per sack.

MANURES, GAPDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write for Free
Price LlST.-H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Druxy Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

\j made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 25^., free on to the following
rails ; — Great Western. Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and N on h- Western, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks \s.;
30 sacks ^t 5^. ; 15 sacks or more free on to rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige. — J. STEVENS and CO., "Gre\hound"
Yard, and 151, Hieh Street, Battersea, S.W, Established 1872.

ARDEN REQU ISITES as suppHed to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, u. ^d per
sack : 10 for 125., 15 for x-js , 30 for 30^. ; all sacks included.
TruLks (loose), 33s. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, sr. per
sack ; 5 for tzs. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 41. 6d. per sock : 5 for
20S. -, sacks 4ii. each. Coarse SilverSand, is. 6d. per bushel,
25s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, as. per sack. Garden Clicks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
8d. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, 10*/, per
lb. 281b. 21s. tihading materials of all kinds. Wrire for Price
LIST. — \v. HERBEkT and CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., /aii
19. New Broad Street, K.C,

HE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY

ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best Houie in th«
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purctiased 2000 tons of the very best quality, the Association is
prepaied to make special offers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in iruckloads. Terms on application. Iq
sample bags, 4^ 6d. per bag. Very best, selected for Orchids,
6s. per bag ; twenty bags for si. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, ^s. per bag ; five bags for 17^, bd.

Also the best ai.d che.ipest hjuse for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD, COCOA FIBRE, M.\TS,
RaFFIa, CORK, GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS,
lABbLS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, 3rf. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 3SJ. The best
coarse SILVERSAND, is.6d. per bushel ; t7i. 6d. per >i ton ;
gis, per ton.

BKST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, u. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is 6d. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.

COM POST for Potting or for Garden, is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 75. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACeO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered— a very powerful
Fertiliser, 13^. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUaNO. as imported, 18 j. per cwt.; 56 lb.,
iis.'f 7 lb , IS. 6d. All bags td. each.

Term'-, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Station Road, Elephant and Castle, S.E.

cXr b O^N P^ s t e~

Hop, Fruit Growers. Florists, and Market Gardeners, will find

STEVENS AND CO.'S CARBON PASTE
a most wonderful and economical preparation for the cer-
tain destruction of every kind of infect, parasite, and caterpillar
that infest trees and plants , ctues mildew and blieht, and clears
Grapes from mealy-bug, &c., and is guaranteed not to injure the
most delicate f. liage. i lb. tins, ts. : 3 lb , 7i.6d. ; 7 lb., 51. 6d,
Special quotations for large quantities. To be had oi ail Seeds-
men, Chemists &c. ; or a Sample sent free for is 6d. by Mr,
SrEVtNS. Chemist. 67. High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
STEVENS and CO.'S AMORTlSER is particularly recom-
mended for Greenhouse Plants, as it destroys all insects, and
does not injure the most delicate foliage, and is of a pleasant
perfume. A Sami'le free for is. bd.

lilINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAHKK,
X^ at 8(/. ftnd gd. p«r lb., 38 lb. 181. Special quuUtioiu
for the Trade.
J. DENVN, Muutacttuer, 7], Rendluhiun Road, Clapton, E,

August 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

163

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

IpiBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qiialiiy for Orchids,
Store Plants. &c.,;£6 6i. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PtAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaihs, American Plant Beds, isi.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55. : 5 Bags, 221. bd. ; 10 Bags,
45s. B.1ES included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. 6./. per B.ig.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fuie. 52J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Far uboioiigh Station, Hants.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes,

In Tins, 13. and 23. 6d. Sealed Bags, 5i owt., 8s. ;
1 cwt., 133.

.MANl FACTUKEU BV

W.H.Beeson,Ca»brookBone Mills, Sheffield,

Wnolesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd.,

i8, Fiiisbury Street, E,C , and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtaiued through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists io ine KinEdum.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly Aphla, Green and Black Fly, Lice,

Ked Spider, Thrlps. Mealy-Bug. Caterpillars,

Ants, Worms, &o.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULIURAL COMPANY (Jchn Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ^____^

Circulars, with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Weeda Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains, Kib-
erass. &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
in^trticiicns on appiication. 36J. per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, los. ;
56 lb. kegs, iQj- each ; sample tins, 51., -zs-^d, and \s.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row. Leeds.

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
Infest Trees and Plants, wh^hcr at tlie Kouis ur on ih«

P"olix£e. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vfgrtable Cubs, Turnip Kly, &c.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. Thickened wiili a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys I ice and Fleas on Animals and Buds. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, ij. 6-^ . ^s. td., and ^s. 6d. a bolile.
Per gal. \2S. 6d„ or less in laruer quantities. Per pcSt 2d. extra.
A. realise on FIR TREE OILasan Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Postlree on receipt of address,
by the Mannraclurer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.

Wholesale :-HOOPER&CO.: CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN AND CO ; and frum all the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Mtdicine Houses.
New York :-ROLKER and .^ONS.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 3 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, js., 3J., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and \s. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICES PATENT C.4NDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London,

"yiRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

' Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nursrrymen and Seedsm^^ by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS. 10, Carlioa Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

TEN SILVER

awarded

MEDALS

TOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,

tf Weston-super-Marh. Manufacturer of lERRA-
COTTA VASES, fUUNTAlNS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
Ereen; OKCHID, FERN, SfcED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS. &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Booit of Designs, is.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR IRON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's inexpensive Growing

Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summerhouses, &c.

Illustrations, full particulars, and Prices, Post free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONTDON OFFICE : — MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd,

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Shading Green-

X houses, Protecting Seed-beds, &c. , 90 yaids (25 incheB
wide) for j2J. 6</., or 45 yards for 6j. 6rf,, delivered tree per
Parcels Pc3t. This is a perfectly pure Cotton Muslin, very u^e'ul
forLunaius. Blinds, Draperies. Cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each ord«-r.

Send stamped cLvelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i^d., ;ind 4 yaid^ wioe, 2d- per yard run.
Sorlm, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Treea
and eluding Gieeiihouses, Irum 3%d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats. Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut ilbre Refuse, and uther Sundries at ihc
lowci.1 possible prues

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Regtittrga Tradt Mark)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (ully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i.f. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or \s. 8rf. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Thstimoniau

" Pierce/ield Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs,— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION.— Hii.1. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article ol common use on most
of the large estates in ihe kingdom for upwards of thirty years ,
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, S:c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
ti8, Quenn Victoria Street, London, E,C.; and 196, St. Vincent
Sireet. (^.'a-^cnw.

LAWN TENNIS CHAIRS.

J.

GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS

the Largest Assortment in London at

R. HOLLIDAY'S SHOW KOOMS,

The Pheasantry, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

For Price, b=c., see Catalogue.

WATER BARROWS, GARDEN HOSE, ROLLERS,

LAWN MOWERS, &c. ; also for

GARDEN and CONSERVATORV WIREWORK,

see Special Catalogue.

Under the Patronage of ttie Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.
JOHN Yl

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK FACKD LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm belure all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
r. SMITH, The Rova Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

Gji ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
^ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c Cheapest Prices of
WAT*^ON ANn Srtn T. 00, Lnwer Tb^m.'^ ^l , T^nnHon. F..C.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest h<.Ider m England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.

164

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884.

Tlie Earliest and Best Strawlierrlea In the World I

LAXTON'S "KING of the EARLIES"—
theearliebt; and THE CAPTAIN',
a true large Perpetual,
Growers who de'-ire to secure Early Runners or even Plants
at all, should apply at once lor particulars, as the stocks are
being takea up for Marktt purposes. Coloured Plate dd.
T. LAXTUN, Seed Grower, Bed'ord.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large

*^ 6j's, either for potting on or planting om, price 15s. per
100, fr-^e to London. LIST. Trade Terms, S:c , on application.
FRANCIS K. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nurserymen,
• SEEnsMtCN, and Florists. Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) ol Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and luberou* rfoiel Plants tor
1884. and 1S85, is now ready, and may be had fiee on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florist-. '1 he
Catal' giie, although givmg only an extran of the coll'-ctiiiis,
forms a pamphlet of 48 patC'i Svi, in [wo culumns and is dDubt-
less one of the miist complete sent out for this speciality. The
Collections of every description of the esiabhshment are in the
in ist d«'irab!e excellent con'iuion.

Sow Now for Early Flowering in Spring.

ROEMEK'S Superb Prize PANSY SEED.
^*r The best i'ansy Seed m the World. "SS
Fancy VARltTlFS, saved f.nm named fljweis, splendid,

mixeH, loj, per ounce, td. per paclcet,
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, 5^. per ounce, td. per packet.
FANCY and bHOW VARitTlES, fine, mixed, 3X. per ounce,

3-/. per packet.
ASSOKTMENT of i8 splendid distinct varieties, contaming

each [ paclcet, 3^.
CARb-FULLY SAVED only ft om named Exhibition Flowers.

of alt varietie--, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, w.

per 1000 seed'^, td, per packet.
GICANTlC-FLOWfc.kEL» SHOW VARtETI ES. new and

distinct, fljwers up to 4 inches in diameter, 6j. per 1000

seeds, \s. St. per packet.
My Pansy gained the First Pr'ze at the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884.
Fir separate sorts see CATALOGUE, forwaided pi.3t-free on
apulication.

FREU. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg. Germany.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SUTTON & SONS

having just received, in fine condition, their
first consignment of

Roman Hyacinths and Eaily Narcissus,

are prepared to execute Orders at the
following prices : —

Single White Roman
Byaclnttis

Paper WMte Narcissus

Per doz.
33.

Is. 9d.

Per 100.
213.

12s. 6d.

THE OUFEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

Early Flowering Balbs.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

Double Roman and Paoer White NARCISSUS.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited)
have just received their first Consignments in splendid
condition. The Bulbs are of the fine-t descfipiion. Early
Orders solicited. For Pricis and full particulars, see Bulb
CATALOGUE, post-free on application.

Highgate Nurseries, London, N.

To Exhlbltora.

WG. CALDWELL and SONS have to
• ofl"er the fol o*ing SPECIMEN PLANTS. a)l are
in excellent coi'duion and fit fjr exhibition : — Aliamandas,
CyciS revoluia. Ericas in sorts. Croton angustifolius, C. Queen
Victi-iria. C. v..riegata, C. Wei^mannj, Ixoras, Lntania bor-
boruca, Livistonias, Rondeletiaspeciusa m3J.ir, Thrinax elegai.?,
&c Also Quarter and Half Specimens of at)ove, Piice, &c ,
on application.

The Nurseries, KnutsfnrJ. Cheshire.

N

ARC I SS US INCOMPARABILIS

GIGANTEU^, "SIR WA1K.1N "
A splendid new variety, eclip-iiii; sll o hers Rec ived First-
class Celt filiate f'c ni ilie Roy.il Horiii ul.nial Sncieiy, ui der
nnme o) "James r'iijksmi " Price 31. td e^ch. 365 p^r duzeti,
2; s per I03 Ci)l nied Plate ffee to intending jii ch.i.ers
For full p.iit culais rte laige Advertisement 111 Gurdei.e'i'
Chronicle of Jii y 5

J-^MES DICKSON AND SONS, •■Newton" Nurseries,
Chester.

CO.,

Seeds Read; Nov.

DAMMANN AND
Poitici, near Nap es, Italy, offer the rollowiiie : —
AQUIIEGIA CHRYSANTHA. A. SPliC I'ABILIS, A.

t^'KkUl.F.A IJ, per ounce, 131 per pound.
GENTlANA ACAUl.I^, G. hXCISA. O. ANGU3TI.

F'tlLlA. •>(. 9''. rier riince, iB.r. per pound.
HELLEB0RU3 NIGER, H. NIGER GKANDIFLORUS,

o^. perou c, Hi iter p mud.
HEI.LKH.OKUS ORIENI Alls. rs. grf. per ounc.
CKINUVI AMARILE. Caue I.lly. .51. per 1. oj 5e. di.
COKVP4A UV1BR.«.CUI.I1''KRA. tre»ti. 121. per rcoo Fruifi.
OPHIVS- EXALTA rA, n. SI'ECULII lif. (). /■l/SCA,
O. ARACH •JITE'i; OKCIIIS A rLASTICA, O CU-
PAN/, O. EXPANSA. O PAUCthLORA, O. SAC-
CAVA ; S Eli Aft A ? CORDIGERA —

The loveliest Italian 1'eirestnal Orchids.
Price LIST of these and other Bulbs post-fiee.

STRAV/BERRIES.

J

AMES Veitch & Sons

Beg to intimate that they can supply all the leading kinds of the above,
either in Pots or prepared Runners.

Special List just published, and can be liad on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES,

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

IXVITE AN INSPECTIO.V OC THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

winch are now ripcni7ig Large Crops of FrjtiL

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at lo 32 and 2.5ofor the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile fiom The Nurseries,

S.A.WBRrDGEWOKTH:, HRRTS.

SELECTED FARM, FLOWER,
AND VEGETABLE SEEDS,

OF ALL SORTS, FOR PRESENT SOWING.

Early CABBAGE, LETTUCE, ONION, TURNIP, CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA,
PRIMULA, PANSY, BEGONIA, TRIFOLIUM, ITALIAN RYE-GRASS, Champion Ox
CABBAGE, Mixed GRASSES and CLOVERS, &c.

Priced CATALOGUES Post-free.

Early White Single Roman HYACINTHS, Paper White and Double Roman NARCISSUS,
also all other BULBS for Early Forcing purposes, of best quality.

JAMKS DICKSON & SONS,

108, EASTGATE STREET, CHESTER.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS

AND HEATING
ENGINEERS.

C' m^ctciii III

GREENHOUSES

For a'l puits of ihe World of fir-t-
cLt^s ijiateiials.

GARDEN FRAMES OF EVSRY VAKlIiTY in Stock or Kade to Order.

No. 74 Three quarter
Span-roof Garden
Frame.

Ca?ii Pkicf.s,

CARRIAtjH

Paid.

Nn, 2 .. 8 feet loi g .. 6 feet wiile .. £,^ 15 o

No. 3 .. 12 Iret loiiy .. 6iettwide .. 6 10 o

No. 4 . . 16 leei Itji.g .. 6 feel \*ide .. 850

These Frames are 11 inches deep in front, aa inches deep at

back, and 32 ir.ches in ihe ceiiire. Front or back Iiylils i ui n over.

bet-opes aie provided (or ventilating All painted four coais of

best oil colour, the lights glaied with best s-i-oz. English glass.

No. 75. Melon or CucumiDer Frames.

K'.ts-w I'kukj:, CAKKi.\t,K Paid.

No. 2 .. 8 feet lunn .. 6 Icet wide .. jCj 7 6

No. 3 . . li fcf 1 liiiikj . . 6 Ifct wide . . 41; *>

No 4 .. iiectlonu .. 6 ictl wide .. 676

Thc-e KiiUiics HFC li inches d'-'p in fioii", and 24 inches deep

at the back ; ^he likht-. are 2 inthcs thick, with an iron bar and

one handle lo e.ich light. All p.)inted f<iiir cual& of best oil

Coloui. the tights elated with 21 oz, Kr.glish glass.

General CATALOGUE pest'/ree, twtn(y-/our fenny stam/s. Jiitimalts and Lists post-/rte.

August 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

165

^EBBS'

EMPEROR CABBAGE,

The Best Variety in Cultivation,

6a. and Is. per packet, 19. 6d. per ounce.

Mr J. Mulr. In the "Journal of Horll-

tlculture " of May 24, says :—

" Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage

measures 70 feet by 80 feet, and here

we have many sorts growing. The

best of all the^e at the present time Is

WEBBS' EMPEROR."

I I

Per Ounce. Pobt-frpe
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 6d.

ENFIELD MARKET do.

EARLY RAINHAM do.

EARLY DWARF YORK do.
LARGE RED DUTCH do.

6d. pkt.

6d.
6d.
6d.
9d.

WEBB 8c SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

C'>nections of 1 dozCD, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/ . F 12/-
Douhles. P 90/-, R 63/., S 48/-. T 42/-

Collections unnamed, our Selection ; —
Singles, G 2t/-, H t8/-. J 18/-. K 12/-. L9/ psr doz.
Doubles, \V 3c/-, X 24/ , 2 18/- per dozen,
singles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.K.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready.

SPECIAL OFFER, No. 41, of Choice,
Rai«, and be^uti'ut

FERNS AND SElAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of ihe most lovely and desirable
in cuUivatiun.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ol Fetus and Selagiiiellas, valuable " Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

■W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

GRAPE VINES.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON,
have this Season a splendid Stock of Grape
Vines suitable for Present Planting. Orders
booked now for specially strong Vines for
Fruiting in Pots.

Catalogues, with full fariiculars, on apflkation.

Lalng's
Roman
Hya-
cinths

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post

12 for 2 J. 91/ ; 6 for T.r. (id., fine bulbs of Early

White RomjM Hyacinths. So chaste and useUil for

early winter b'oomine. Catalogue of Dufi.h Bulbs,

Roses, Fiuit Trees, &c , also free by post.

Bu>b Merchant*-, Forest Hill. S.K.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price Liit seni/rre to any u-ddress on nceipt of f>ost card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, u. pkt.. 2s. td. per oz.

AUan'-s Incomparable Eany Marrow, u. td. pkt.. 25. bd. per cz.

Daniels' I 11 tit Queen. S"(.e' fine eailyd waif, \s 6^. pkt..j3 6J.cz.

DANifcLS BRC^. Scpd Gmw^rs. Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing.

Daniels' Goldeo Rrcca, fine straw-coloured skin, is. 6d. per

packet, js. 6d. per f z
DanieU' Giant Rocca, weieht 2 to 3 lb., is. per oz , 10s. p^r lb.
Daniela' Whiie Elephant T-ipoli, ihe largest and be>t Silver-

skin Onion known, js. 6d. per packet, 31. 6d. per 1 z.
Zttau Vtllow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, SJ.

per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed MerchaTits. NORWICH-

Lalug's
Begonia

Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.
Special Offer of Wlilte Besonlas.

Seedliogs from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen i2J. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post.

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

CABBAGE

)A'S

SUTTON'S

IMPERIAL.

The best
Cabbage for
spring use If
s(.wn the first
or second week
m July it will
produce beau-
tiful Cabb.i^es
f ireatlyspring
use. Heads
cone - shaped,
very large,
firm, and of
mild flavour.

la. per oz.,

post-free.

" Suttnn'.'i Imperial is the finest Cabbaee I ever grew : it
is not only the handsf^mesi. but the best flavoured Cabbage
I have ever eaten." — Mr. A. S. Campbell. Ware.

Vegetable Seeds Post-free {except Peas and Beans); all
goods value ■70s Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England or Wales.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

Busli EUl Park Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, and oiher Outdoor
Nur.-ery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nuisery, rear the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Gieat Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the Glass
Erections, which consist of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
ihree Houses, averaging upwards of 100 feet in length, many of
them 25 feet wide, containing Acacias, Azaleas, Adiantums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracaenas, Ericas, Gardenias, Gi:nistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines, Palm^, Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
num!>, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

FOR SALE.

SPECIAL OFFER.
FERNS, Seedling, in 6o's, clean and good colour, ready for

immediate shift.
PTERIS CRFTICA ALBO LINEATA, TREMULA,

SERRULATA EXALTATA, ios. psr ico.
NEPHRODIUM MOLLE, lor. per 100,
I.f)MARIA GIBBA, good. 30J. per 100; extra, 40J, per 100.
FERNS. Mixfd Seedling, ju variety, 25^'. per 100.
PERESKIA STOCKS, 251. per 100.

Terms cash with order, to
ENOCH WHITE, F.R.H.S.. Nurseryman and Florist,
Bojrnemouth.

Notice.

To Nurserymen. Seedsman, and Florists.— Established 1856.

LEWIS ISAACS, IMPORTER OF DUTCH
Bulbs. 3, Victoria Warehouses. Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E,C., begs to inform his Customers and the Trade in general that
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with hi.-, annual
Well selecter) stock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade on'y,
he begs tot ffer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
a'l true to Lame and colour, at an all-round price of 30^. per
Bulb, in any quantity from half a dozen of a sort and upwards.
The stock is on view to intending purchasers, at ihe above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Catalogues post-free on application.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS beg
to call the attention of the Trade to their first of Annual
Sales of ERICAS, of all the leading varieties for winter and
spring blooming ; also large quantities of SOLANUM and
CVTISSUS, which will be offered early in September, of which
due notice will be given. Inspection invited.

Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent.

THE EXECUTORS of the late B. Maller
beg to offer to the Trade n very extensive and extia
well grown stock of ERICAS (Hyemshs and other varieties),
EPACRTS. SOLANUMS. GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS,
BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTTJM CUNEATUM and other
FERNS. GREVILLEAS, VINES (in pits). &c. An inspec-
ti(in is invued Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on applica-
tion.

The ANNUAL S^LE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, Sepiemher 16.

Bum A'h Lpne Nurseries, Lee,

FFERKD FOR EARLY ORDERS :—

HELLEHORUS NIGER, fine strone Plants. 261, per
lOQo. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP/EUM, 24J.
per icoo : Smaller TubtrF, 14^. per 1000. NARCISSUS
POETICUS, i4f. p-r lo^r,. LILIUM MARTAGON, 30J.
perttoQ CYPRIPRDIUM CALCEOLUS, Zos. vir n 00.
VPRATRUM ALBUM, 45'. per 1000. Seed ofHELLE-
EOKUS NIGER, I5J per kilogramme. A sample of the most
papuhr and beautiful Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
propcTlv addressed, from

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK. Alilen^bach, Lower Austria.

ALEXIS DA LL IE RE'S Nursery,
Ghent, Be'gium.

Great Cu't'.re of AZ\LFA INDICA. AZXT.EA MOLLIS,
CAMELLrAS and RHODODENDRONS in Bud Nursery-
men r»quiting these Plan's by hundreds or in largtr quantities,
are req'esten to send their orders as early as fossib'e. A, D.
wi'l not be able to guarantee the execution of late orders.

loimeose numbers of the followirg Palms. &c., are aUo
cultivated in this establishment, viz., Areca lutesc^ns, Lalanii,
botb''nica. Phoenix reclinata. Phosnix tenuis, Seaf'Tthiaelegans,
Ptvchosperma Alexandice, Aspidistra fil. var,, Dracaana termi-
nalis Dracseia indivi^a, Spitiea jipooica, Ccotoiis, Fkus. Bro-
meliadfi, Ferns, Orchids, &c.

Prices and dimensions sent on application, as also the General
CATALOGUE of the Establishment.

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1884.

D R O P M O R E.

THOUGH one of the best seen places in the
kingdom, yet there are some who must
of necessity visit Dropmore for the first time,
and such was my own case when, but a few
days since, I was driven through its woody
glades, teeming with surprises at every turn
and beauty everywhere. Dropmore, though
so popular a show place, yet differs greatly
from many others, because it includes trees
and shrubs everywhere, and from entrance
to exit the visitor seems scarcely for a moment
to quit the shade of the one or the cool delicious
greenness of the other. My conductor, well
acquainted with every path and turn, carried
me through many a mile of rich growth of Rho-
dodendron and Azalea, of noble and beautiful
trees, now shut in as in a dense thicket, now
emerging into some lovely glade, or for a
moment breaking sunshine by the side of a bit
of Heather or, perchance, cf flower-skirted path.
Then came some special objects of beauty, not
the least attractive of which was an Azalea in
luxuriant bloom at the end of July, making the
woodland sweet with its delicious fragrance.
Then it was a monster bank of Rhododendrons,
the huge plants towering up one above the
other like a series of rugged green cliffs. Anon
broke into view a grand Cedar of Lebanon and
lofty Douglas Fir, a gigantic Cryptomeria, a
singularly elegant Araucaria, or a pendulous
Deodar, with wondrous wealth of many other
Conifeiae, such as any gardener may well be
proud to exhibit to admiring visitors. It was
reserved for the climax of the pleasures of the
visit that I should see the magnificent
Douglas Fir which old Phillip Frost, the
gardener — whose memory seems to recall days
of remote generations — regards as his especial
charge, but which a fierce and unfeeling wind
has robbed of some of its more lofty branches.
Even more remarkable than the Douglas,
however, do 1 feel to be the grand and sin-
gularly perfect Araucaria of which so much
has been written from time to time, and which
is almost as well known in these days as is the
Monument. Just now it is bearing many cat-
kins, for it is a male plant ; and were it sur-
rounded by a colony of females, prolific seed-
cones might be abundant. The nearest, how-
ever, is some So yards distant, but still it is
producing some seed cones which doubt-
less will prove fertile. It need hardly be said
that stories concerning these and many another
noble Dropmore tree are told with the
heartiest gusto. They are rich and racy, and,
unlike some oft-told stories, lose nothing in
repetition, but form one of the charms of a
Dropmore visit. In the course of my long
drive through the outer woods, a couple of
trees struck me as being the most beautiful
of all I had noticed, though perhaps not
the most remarkable. In one spot, on a
triangular space, and where three drives
met, we saw, only to stop and intensely
admire, a singularly beautiful specimen of
Abies Albertiana, one of the most charming of a,

1 66

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 18

grand family of trees — a specimen that lovers
of beautiful trees might well travel miles to see.
Then in another spot we came upon a hand-
some lofty specimen of Cedrus atlantica, too
much hidden by other trees, but still a beautiful,
striking, and most perfect tree, its singularly
bluish-grey foliage standing out in marked con-
trastlothe surrounding mass of natural greenery.
Both these trees are perfect pictures, and should
be seen by all who visit Dropmore.

Without doubt one of the reasons of the
splendid development seen in all kinds of
Pinuses at Dropmore is found in planting them
over deeply moved soil, and on mounds, or, at
least, somewhat elevated positions, so that the
roots are kept fairly dry ; further, they are
helped by occasional top-dressings of good soil,
and are thus encouraged to root near the
surface.

Naturally the gardens call for little notice,
because the trees are the features of the place.
Still the curious old-fashioned elements seen in
the flower gardens and pleasure grounds,
almost identical with what were to be found in
them when William IV. used to visit Lord
Grenville and chat over the horticultural as
well as the political incidents of the day, carry
one back to remote times that vanity forbids
recalling. Almost the same kinds of plants fill
the beds, the same flowers are seen in the long
rambling borders, everything seems to have
stood still. Away in one grassy glade, sur-
rounded by lofty trees and brightened by
some simple beds of flowers, I saw huge
standard Fuchsias, one of which, the ancient
Riccarton Fuchsia, Mr. Frost affirms to be
forty-five years of age, and the massive stem
bears evidence of his truthfulness. Amongst
others, that early and once favoured kind,
Venus de Medici, makes also a noble standard.
In other portions of the grounds the old coc-
cinea and Riccartoni make handsome bushes,
flowering beautifully all the autumn season.
The most striking flower-beds were a couple
filled only with the rich yellow-flowered Gazania
splendens, which in the bright sunlight gave
colour such as no other bedding plant could
excel. X.

1

ieuj

BULBOPHYLLUM SILLEMIANUM, n. sp*
This is an elegant creeping Bulbophyllum, which
must be regarded a member of the Sarcopodia. If in
arranging these we consider the mode of growth, it
is the neighbour of Bulbophyllum cornutum, Lindl.
(Ephippiura cornutum, Bl.), but which is very easily
distinguished by the singular appendices of the
column, as also by the spotted perigone. The bulbs
appear to be nearly sphserical in a sketch kindly pre-
sented me by Mr. J. Day. Leaves cuneate, ligulate,
acute. Flowers with short, blunt, triangular sepals ;
shorter petals, nearly orange. Lip mauve above,
whitish beneath, heart-shaped at the base, pentagon-
ous, with reflexed apex. Column with very short
apiculi.

It was imported from Burmah by Mr. A. Sillem,
Laurie Park, Sydenham, who has had it well grown
by his gardener, Mr. Billiald, who is famous for
his management of Phaius tuberculosus. I had,
in March, 1S83, a flower kindly sent by Mr. H.
Veitch, and lately, a flower and a fine petal sent by
Mr. J. Day, both coming from the same place. It
is dedicated with great satisfaction to Mr. A.
Siilem, who, though sending flowers but seldom,
decidedly always sends something remarkable. H. G.
Rchb. /

* Btilbophylluyii Srllcmianum, n. sp.— Rhizimate repente ;
pseudobulbissubspba2ricis(?), monophyllis; foliis cuneato ligu-
latis obmse acutis pedunculis monanthis brevioribiis ; sepalo
imparl ligulato obtuse acuto; senalis lateralibus oblonpo tri-
aneiilis obtuse acutis muUo laiioiibiis ; tepalis ligulato falcatis
obtuse acutis; libt;llo lon^e unguiculato cordato peniangu'o
antice acuto reflexo crassinsculo ; columna brevissimj. ampU
ulnnque antice obmsangula, medio utrinque juxla andro-
cliaium, breve apiculaU ; anth'jra v«rtice tumore lineari.
H. G. Rekb. f.

THE MANUFACTURE OF
FLOWER POTS.

The whole of the clay used in the well-known
pottery of Mr. Matthews, of Weston-super-Mare,
is dug on the estate, which covers about lo acres.
The best clay is found on the surface, at a depth
varying from 7 to 10 (eet, and this being largely im-
pregnated with silica is used for the fancy work.
Then comes a stratum of 5 feet or 6 feet of blue clay,
the bulk of which is converted into pipes, bricks, &c.
The clay is dug in the winter time, finding employ-
ment for many of the tile and brick makers. It is
then wheeled away a little distance, where it is left to
be tempered by the action of the atmosphere. Frosts
and sunshine are important agencies in this tempering
process, which requires a great deal of constant care
to keep the various piles in readiness for use.

Before entering the buildings in which the various
processes of manutaciute are carried on, it is just
as well to correct a misapprehension which is
very prevalent as to the nature of the employ-
ment. A mistaken idea prevails that unskilled labour
only, or at all events only a very little skilled
labour, is employed. On the contrary, the majority
of the adults employed on the premises are those
who have served their apprenticeship to the
firm. Apprentices are taken at the usual age of
fourteen, generally without premium, for a term
of seven years. The operatives, however, are not
hampered by the arbitrary interference of trade
councils, for, fortunately for themselves, they have
not yet discovered the necessity of a trades union,
and we believe we are right in stating that the
friendly relations which have hitherto subsisted
between the employer and employed have never
yet required the intervention of a third party in
the settlement of afifairs. The boys are appren-
ticed to the firm, and not to the men, as in some
other trades, and as all the work is paid for by
results, superior skill and industry obtain their
reward. Even in the most elementary department
a great deal of care and observation are necessary,
and it is astonishing what an amount of pains are
taken in the proper selection of clay for the various
descriptions of work, and the nicety with which it
is prepared for use. Accompanied by Mr. Chas.
Abrey, the able and genial manager of the works,
we now propose to commence our inspection of the
actual mechanical and manual processes of manu-
facture carried on wiihin the various piles of build-
ings. We first of all inspect the room where the
clay is ground by machinery. Every particle of it
is passed twice through a powerful machine worked
by a lo-horse power steam engine, and when the
condition is pronounced satisfactory it is conveyed
to an adjacent room and covered with wet cloths
until required for use.

We next proceed to what is known as the *' potters'
room," one of the most interesting departments in the
establishment. Around the spacious room are seated
a number of potters in front of their wheels, all of
them of the most primitive design. The motive-power
of the wheel is from a treadle worked laterally by the
left foot. In moulding the clay a good deal of water
is used, and even the vessels containing this seem to
have been copied from the patterns of the remotest
ages — that is if there is any pattern at all about
them, for they consi=;t merely of a mass of moist
clay on the workman's right hand. Before settling
down to work in the morning the potter obtains a
good supply of clay, which he puts through the
** wedging '* process. The object is to perfect the
tempering, and it is done by a simple system of
kneading. A huge himp of clay, 30 lb. or 40 lb. in
weight, is cast upon the bench, cut in halves with
a thin wire, the pieces dashed together again,
kneaded, then cut again, and the process continued
until the workman is thoroughly satisfied that there
is no longer the slightest inequality left. He then
divides it into smaller pieces, which he converts into
long rolls about the thickness of his arm. Wiih an
amazing accuracy, which can only be acquired by long
experience, he breaks it up into balls which are larger
or smaller according lo the size of the pot to be
made, and he is very rarely wrong in his judg-
ment. In this- room flower-pots varying from i to
9 inches in diameter are manufactured. Halting by
the side of the first wheel we come tn, we observe
that the pot is one of the lesser sizes. The workman
dashes upon the wheel one of the balls of clay, and
inserting his thumbs in the centre he adroitly hollows

out the mass, which rises up as though by magic, and
in much less time than it takes to tell it the flower-
pot is shaped in accordance with the regulation
pattern. The maker keeps both his own hands and
the clay thoroughly moist whilst he is proceeding.
To ensure all the pots being of a uniform size and
diameter, a sort of guide, consisting of pieces of wood
with pointed ends, is fixed at right angles to an up-
right pole. The wheel revolves '* with the sun," and
it is a singular fact that if the order be reversed, and
the wheel be turned from left to right, the pot will not
rise into shape. When properly shaped, the potter
passes a thin wire under the bottom of the pot to cut it
away from the revolving wheel, and carefully places
it upon a board on the left of his wheel. This board
will hold about sixty pots, and when it is filled it is
carried away to one of the drying rooms, of which we
shall have more to say anon. The potter, an exceed-
ingly intelligent man, informs us that he can make
600 flower-pots of that size in a working day of ten
hours. At the next wheel we see for the first time
how "Long Toms " are made. Professional horti-
culturists are delighted with "Long Tom." It is a
kind of flower-pot much more useful and convenient
than those in common use, as it offers conspicuous
advantages to all who grow small plants in a large
bulk. The material used in their manufacture is hard,
pure, and durable, the weight is but little, as owing
to the superior quality of the clay the walls of the
pot are thinner than those ordinarily made. They
are so evenly and finely moulded that they present a
striking contrast to ordinary stocks, and from having
a greater depth and less width at the top they are
appropiiatelycalled "LongToms." The increased root
space thus given means a larger and more valuable
plant in the same surface space ; and another consi-
deration of importance is that a much larger number
can be set in a given space than of the ordinary pot.
They are made in sizes varying from 2 — 6 inches in
diameter, and form one of the staple products of the
establishment.

After a hasty glance at the other wheels, six or
seven in all, we pass into the next room, which con-
tains the hand-wheels. It is ou such wheels as these
that the large-sized pots, varying in size from 10 to
30 or 32 inches, are made. As these are too heavy
to be worked by the treadle, a boy has to turn them
by hand. Returning to his bench, we notice that our
friend the ancient apprentice has in front of him a
number of plain newly-made flower-pots, about 10
inches in height and 4 or 5 inches in width. The
sides are perfectly straight, and they have no rim.
On the potter's right is a pile of very fine clay, some-
what thinner than that employed in forming the pot
itself. Breaking off bit after bit, he dabs it upon
the side of the pot in a manner that would convey
to the outsider the impression that he was
amusing himself, and finally pushes into each pro-
jection a piece of harder clay in the form of a
small cork, the outer end of which is cut ofif
very smoothly. It is afterwards handed over to A
boy who, with a piece of stick, the end of which
has been cut so as to loosen the fibres, giving
it the appearance of a paint brush that has been worn
to the stump, stipples the moist clay, and in a twink-
ling almost there appears a rustic flower-pot covered
with bark and natural protuberances, the clay corks
showing up as cat branches. But the ornamentation
is not yet complete. Another rim with an ornamental
band is added, and so on, according to the design ;
section after section may be introduced until you have
before you one of the most beautiful garden ornaments.
Each potter is engaged upon different patterns ; but a
description of one suffices for the whole. We may,
however, mention that the leaves and flowers which
frequently form a belting round these first-class
flower-pots are usually produced from a mould and
laid on by hand ; and from the time the clay leaves
the pit until it has passed forward to the drying-room
and kilns, it only passes through the hands of one
man and his boy, though in some cases the man
works without the assistance of a boy, except for
turning the hand-wheel.

Proceeding to the room below, we find an Italian
modeller engaged in finishing the bowl of a huge
Roman vase of great beauty of design. With
sponge and water he is gently polishing the exterior,
touching up the leaves and petals of the flowers,
&c. Here are numberless moulds of most artistic
designs ; among others is the beautiful Curragh Chase
pot and stand. A fragment of this interesting relic
having been found on the Curragh Chase Castle
estate. Lady De Vere kindly sent it to Mr. Matthews,

August 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

167

and from it be made the mould in question. It is one
of the products of the pottery which meets with a
great sale. There are also the Derby, the Spencer,
the Warwick, the Bute, the Colston, the Knyfton,
the Beaconsfield, the Marston, the Pigott, the Deni-
son, and a variety of other vases. The clay is pressed
into the moulds, where it is allowed to remain for a
day or two until it is partly dry. The mould is then
removed in sections, and extra ornamentation in the
form of flowers, faces in alto relievo, &c., are added.

We next proceed to one of the three roof-tile
making sheds, where plain and fancy tiles are turned
out with mavellous rapidity. The great feature in this
department is the making of Pool's patent " Bonding
Roll " roof tile, the sole right of making which has
been acquired by Mr. Matthews. It has proved a
great success, and there is no doubt that it will
become even still more popular, combining, as it does,
the principle of the corrugated or double Roman tile
and slate. Unlike all other tiles there is no necessity
to cut otT the corners. The roll and fillet on either
side correspond the whole length of the tile, and
being carried over the middle of the lower tile, instead
of falling over the joint, as in the old form, leakage
is obviated. Another advantage is that more or less
lap can be given according to the pitch of the roof.
There is no need of employing felt or other inflam-
mable material under them, and they are said to be
proof against drifting rain or snow, the " bond " being
perfect in all its parts. Great care is taken to ensure
that each tile shall be true. As it leaves the mould
it is placed upon a rack, where it remains for a day
or two until it has dried sufficiently to go through
the next process. Occasionally they are found to
warp slightly, and in order to avert the smallest
defect in this respect every tile is passed over a
wooden dressing-horse, which effectually restores
them to a perfect shape.

The brick-making machine is worked by a lo-horse
power steam-engine, which is capable of turning out
an immense quantity of work. Without lingering
here longer than necessary, we go to the kilns, of
which there are four, one of them being heated by as
many as sixteen fires, eight on each side. This is the
last, but by no means the least, important process
before the manufactured article is ready for the
market. In the first of these we come into contact
with a procession of youths converging from the
different drying-sheds. Already the bricks have been
arranged around the walls and upon the flbors, and
workmen are piling up garden border tiles of the
cable and other fancy patterns. It is necessary we
should slate that, in order toeconmise space and fuel,
the flower-potsare *' nested " — that is, haU-a-dozen or
so of different sizes are placed within each other and
in the kiln are turned upside down, so as to free them
from contact with each other, and permit the hot air
to thoroughly encircle them, thus equalising the burn-
ing process. The kiln having been filled to the roof,
the door is bricked up, and covered outside with
moist clay, so as to effectually exclude the cold air,
and at the same time retain the heat. The burning
process requires great skill and judgment; a little
neglect may cause considerable loss, either by over-
firing or allowing the fires to get low, thus permitting
the cold air to gain access to the goods, which, if
allowed, would result in great damage. The fires are
started very steadily at first, the drying-oflf process
taking from fifty to sixty hours. When the burning
process commences the fires are gradually increased,
and in about thirty-six hours, as a rule, the goods are
sufficiently burnt. The fire doors are now closed,
and the fires allowed to die out gradually, the cooling
process taking from three to four days, when the
goods are wheeled out to the stacks, or loaded into
waggons to supply orders.

The firm employs about fifty men and boys, and to
show the magnitude of the trade, we may mention
that last year no less than one and a half million
flower-pots were manufactured. Abridged from the
^^ Bristol Times.''''

Hypericum reptans is a Himalayan species,
which only needs to be more widely known to win for
itself a place in every well kept rockery. It is a
procumbent plant with Thyme-like leaves, and flowers
very large indeed in comparison with the size of the
foliage, &c. It does well in any well-drained garden
border, particularly if a number of stones be placed
round it, but appears to best advantage when stuck in
a crevice between large pieces o( rock and its tender
shoots allowed to hang down over the stones.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

{Continued froin p. 136.)

India. — Amongst the various exhibits, perhaps
the largest and most important is that contributed by
our Indian possessions. These are neatly arranged
in the central transept, and include very extensive
collections of woods, forest products, both in a raw
and finished state, implements of forestry, examples
of native industry, as well as a variety of miscellane-
ous objects, to which we shall have occasion to refer
at some length later on. The most important for
present reference is known as the " Indian collection
of timbers," sent by the Indian Government from
Calcutta. This immense collection comprises about
Soo specimens of timber, all of which have been cut
from indigenous trees. They are not only distinctly
named, but in many cases the labels contain a vast
amount of information regarding the texture and
durability of the timber, as well as strength, weight,
and uses to which it is generally applied. Another
point which deserves special notice is the arrange-
ment of this collection, for the gum and resin produc-
ing trees are placed by themselves, and so on with
those yielding tannin matter, dyes, oils, and fibres.
The Padowk tree (Pterocarpus indicus), of which
there are some beautiful logs, seems, from the number
of uses to which it is applied, a most valuable acqui-
sition.

The timber of this tree varies very much in colour,
that from some specimens resembling very nearly our
common Larch, while others can hardly be distin-
guished from the finest Mahogany. A beautiful and
much-admired mantelpiece made of this wood is also
exhibited, as well as various other articles, all of
which clearly prove that this timber is admirably
adapted for decorative purposes generally. Numerous
sections of the invaluable Teak tree (Tectona grandis)
are shown both in a rough and finished state. This
wood is exported in great quantity to Britain, being
found of immense value in the construction of vessels,
railway carriages and waggon wheels. The beautiful
carved work in which it is also used is well exempli-
fied in the cabinets, panels, and furniture sent for
exhibition.

From Burmah come some immense Bamboo canes
ranging in length from 80 to over 90 feet, and said
to have been the result of one season's growth. The
Sisoo, another beautifully grained wood, is in great
request for carriage-wheels, and seems remarkably
light and tenacious in proportion to its weight. Of
resins, oils, gums, perfumery, and vegetable dyes
there is also a large and varied collection, as well as
native carts and waggons, articles of furniture, all of
the most exquisite design, and the highest excellence
of workmanship. Hunting trophies, as illustrative of
the fauna of the forest, have been lent by H.RH.
the Prince of Wales, Prince Christian, the Duke
of Edinburgh, &c., and arranged with great taste
and set up with artistic skill. The above magnificent
collection of Indian resources has been set up by
Colonel Michael, who has been appointed director
of the Indian collections, with an amount of taste
and skill that is well worthy of imitation.

Cyprus. — The mountainous portions of this island
were at one time covered with splendid forests, but of
these it has now been denuded by years of the wanton
destruction which invariably accompanies Turkish
occupation. The principal tree of the island is the
Aleppo or Jerusalem Pine (P. halepensis) of which
about nine-tenths of the forests are composed. This
tree, of which various specimens are exhibited, is
extensively used for building and other purposes;
while the bark yields a tannin matter, and the wood a
valuable resin. The Corsican Pine {P. Laricio) also
exists in considerable quantity near the summit of
Troodos, and is not only more valuable, but attains to
a greater height than almost any other tree on the
island. Specimens of this wood as here exhibited
bear out the statement we have often expressed as
regards the value of this limber, which, ere long, we
hope to see more freely used in this country than it
has hitherto been. Large quantities of the upright
Cypress (Cupressus fastigiata) must formerly have
existed on the island, but it is now almost extinct — a
statement which we may also apply to the Cedar of
Lebanon, a few thousands of which still exist in a
single locality, but of which in former times there was
a large quantity. The Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua)
abounds in some districts ; its succulent pods are
exported in quantity to Egypt and Syria, while the

fruit, called St. John's Bread, is used as an aitlcle of
food. Besides the productions already named, cotton
of the finest quality is also produced, as well as
madder, opium. Oranges, Lemons, and Pomegranates,
in all of which this island is particularly rich. The
above interesting exhibits have been sent by Mr.
Edward Dobbs, the principal forestry officer in
Cyprus.

Singapore.— From this island, a British settle-
ment, situated at the southernmost extremity of the
Malay peninsula, comes a goodly number of speci-
mens of indigenous forest trees, chief among which
are the Seriah, the Daroo, and the Ballow, a kind
of Teak. The greater part of the island is well
forested, the woods being composed of different kinds
of trees, several of which are well adapted for house-
building. The soil of the interior is composed of
sand or clay- ironstone, with a Ia»ge percentage of
vegetable matter, which gives it a very black ap-
pearance. Near the coast are some low tracts of
swampy ground, on which a h.iid and durable tree,
named the Billion, is commonly found. The Pepper
tree and Betel Vine (Piper siriboa) are well cultivated,
as well as different fruits, vegetables. Nutmeg;^, Rice,
Cofiee^ and Cotton.

The Island of Mauritius contributes a most
interesting collection of fibre-producing plants, no
less than 200 specimens in a rough slate being shown.
In addition to flowers and fruits the soil of Mauritius
grows Wheat, Maize, and Yams, but the principal
product is sugar. None of the timber is of great
size, but amongst those exhibited many appear of
first-rate quality and well adapted for general pur-
poses. Hundreds of acres of the low-lying lands on
the northern and western districts of the island,
where formerly the Sugar-cane grew, are now waste
and unemployed, owing partly to the effects of hurri-
canes, drought, and disease of the cane. To replace
this land numbers of acres of the primaeval forests
have been cleared away, v^hich it is believed has bad
an injurious effect upon the island by increasing the
temperature, and, therefore, correspondingly lessen-
ing the humidity of the soil.

SlAM — This country, long noted for the variety and
abundance of its fruit trees, is also particularly rich in
valuable timber trees, including the Teak, Sandal,
Ebony and Rosewood. The forests, which cover
nearly all the mountain ranges of the country, also
yield several articles of trade, such as cardamoms,
gamboge, and Aquilawood, the latter much renowned
for its perfume. A very extensive and interesting col-
lection of these native woods, numbering over 500,
and all distinctly labelled, have been sent for exhibi-
tion, including, amongst others, those producing
gums and resins. The most important industrial
occupations are iron and tin smelling, gold beating,
the making of cloth, glass and pottery.

Tobago. — Well arranged on a side-table in the
British Guiana court is a fair representation of timber
industries from the above island — the most southern
of the Windward group. Excellent timber, although
in limited quantity, is produced on the higher grounds
of the island, and of vjhich various interesting speci-
mens have been sent for exhibition. The planters
confine their attention almost exclusively to the culti-
vation of sugar, and the manufacture of its collateral
products — rum and molasses. Cotton, Indigo, Coffee,
and Cocoa-nuts are also grown, hut in very limited
quantities. Some interesting exhibits of tree seeds
are also shown, but these are principally of an orna-
mental character, such as those of "Job's Tears,"
which are much in use by the natives for decorative
purposes.

New Brunswick — The great commercial wealth
of this colony consists in its extensive forests, which
are composed principally of Pine, Fir, Spruce,
Birch, Beech, Maple, Ash, Elm, and Poplar. These
dense forests, of which only a comparatively small
portion has been cleared, cover an area of about
1,000,000 acres, the value of exportations amounting
to over ;i^ 1,000,000 sterling a year. Forty specimens
of these native woods, all beautifully polished, are
exhibited, and give to the visitor a pretty fair idea of
their texture and quality, must of these being light-
coloured and easily worked. Other exhii»its from
New Brunswick include, amongst a variety of in-
teresting industries, charts and maps of the Province,
with the location of forests, pamphlets descriptive of
woods available for economic purposes, specimens of
wood pulp, and tools used for wood working. The
soil of the island is fertile, and produces good crops
of Potalos, while Wheat, Indian Corn, and common
vegetables are also grown.

(7> be continued.')

1 68

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884.

JAMAICA, ITS ORCHIDS, &c.

One of the principal drives across the island of
Jamaica is by the Bog Walk, and starts from Spanish
Town, the ancient capital of the island, to St. Ann's
Bay on the north side. Three-quarters of an hour in
a train lakes one from Kingston to Spanish Town
where one finds a post-office omnibus drawn by three
mules abreast to take one to St. Ann's Bay, a distance
of 48 miles. There are three changes of mules on the
way and the trap is pretty comfortable. The fences
for the first 5 miles are made entirely of Pinguins
(Bromelia Pinguin), and are absolutely impenetrable to
the most enthusiastic Orchid hunter, though the
bright flowers of Broughtonia sanguinea are to be seen
everywhere on the trees ; then one comes to the beauti-
ful Bog Walk, which is to be seen in perfeciion under
a full moon, with a Sambo girl whispering its praises
in one's ear. It is needless to say that I did not see
it in peifection, but I saw it under the full rays of a
blight sun tempered by a nice sea breeze, A witty
governor of Jamaica about thirty years ago summed
up the three delicacies of the islani as being the black
crab, the mouniain mullet, and the Sambo girl. Two
of these I can answer for, but the third and last re-
mains inexperienced. The river flows swiftly close by
the side of the road, its waters clear as crystal and the
mountain mullet darling about, One crosses the
stream by bridges which when the river is high are
very often uncrossable. The tropical vegetation
on either side of the road is magnificent and on
every spare space of soil now is planted the Banana.

This pass continues for about 5 miles, and the road
ascends to the top of the backbone of the island. The
stone walls which take the place of the Pinguins for
hedges are covered with Epidendrums fragrans and
cochlealum. They grow everywhere on the banks of
the road, on the the walls, and on the trees, and inter-
mixed is a small Ophrys with pretty spikes of purple
flowers. Phaius grandifolius or Bletia Tankervilli^e
is also very common, and is generally distributed over
the island, though I cannot understand how it came
here, as it is a native of Hong Hong. After St. Ann's
Bay the Oichids ceased and I could not find one of
any tribe in a month's stay on the north side of the
island. At the King's House, the residence of the
Governor, there is a nice collection of Orchids under
cultivation. Dendrobium Pierardi latifolium has stems
full 7 feet long, and one mass of bloom ; Dendrobiums
nobile and tortile are also doing nicely, but the masses
of Oncidium ampliatum majus surpass anything that
I have seen in this country. Amongst others Onci-
diumsflexuosum,sphacelatum,altissiraum,p3pilio, and
Krameri ; Cattleyas Mossise, Skinneri, and Trianoe ;
Aerides odoratum, Epidendrum fragrans and prisma-
tocarpum ; Gongoras in quantities, and Mormodes
and several Zygopetalums, were all doing well, but
curious to relate, there was not in the island, that I
saw, a healthy plant of Peristeria elaia ; allhough it
comes from the mainland so near, and is planted under
the same natural circumstances as it grows under at
home, yet it does not thrive in Jamaica.

At Mr. Morresco's house, about 3 miles from King's
House, there is a collection of about the same size and
containing very much the same plants as I have
mentioned, but he has also Dendrobium macrophyllum
giganteum, doing excellently, Mr. Morresco is a
genuine lover of Orchids, and means importing and
trying to acclimatise a great many more genera of
Orchids than we have yet seen in Jamaica.

The island on the whole is in a bad way : labour
is scarce on account of the emigration of the
nigger to the Panama Canal, but that will
soon right itself. Sugar is down and going
down ; rum is not paying well ; but fortunately for
the landowners on the north side of the island an
enormous trade has sprung up with the United States
in Bananas. The Cocoa-nut? are still exported in
great quantities, and the demand for them increases
in the States rather than diminishes, so that each
Cocoa Palm is said to be worth a dollar a year, and
if it grows near one of the small but excellent har-
bours of the island, it undoubtedly is worth more
than a dollar a year. A retired M.I), had some land
left him near Annotto Bay, he added on to the pro-
perty by purchase, and without any idea of gain, but
merely for their beauty, began planting Cocoa Palms.
Now he is one of the richest men on the island.
When taking stock of his Palms he is said to have
lost c'junt at 130,000, but I will not guarantee the
truth of ihe nunii^er ; however, the whole of his land
is covered with Palms, Coasting schooners carry on

the trade with the mainland in Cocoa-nuts, and they
take them with their outer husks on, and they give
'^s. per 100 for them delivered on the beach.

But for the more perishable Banana fast screw
steamers are employed, fitted up in their holds like
cellars with bins and strong air pumps for refrigerating
purposes. The *' Banana King," as an ex-captain of
a small trading schooner has been nicknamed, resides
at Port Antonio ; he began life as a seaman, and rose
to be captain of his own schooner. His first attempt
in the Banana trade was made about ten years ago,
when he carried some sixty bunches to Charleston,
and fuund it a profitable trade. He commenced then
to buy up every bit of land he could near Port
Antonio, and planted Bananas; gradually he bought
Ecrew steamers, and now he is buying up all the land
near Morant Bay and Port Morant, where he is also
planting Bananas. When he has not sufficient Bananas
of his own to fill one of his steamers, he scours the
country round to buy up those of his poorer neigh-
bours, and one day that I was with him he was
giving from is. dd. to 3^, a bunch to make up a
cargo. The profits in this trade amount to about 50
per cent, on the capital employed, when you own
your own steamers and have your own Banana planta-
tions. The Banana bears the second year, and re-
quires very little in its cultivation, and consequently
entails very little expense. A large trade is also spring-
ing up in Oranges, now that care has been exercised
in selecting the right varieties.

The Orange tree flourishes best in the higher parts
of the island, from an elevation of 1500 — 2500 feet ;
formerly they would not bear export from the rough
way in which they were handled and packed, but
now, from the great care employed, Jamaica Oranges
can compete with those from Florida in any of the
great centres of the States ; they are of the most
delicious flavour, and very large in size. Limes
grow everywhere in the island up to an altitude o(
2000 feet, and Shaddocks do also very well. The
climate of the north side of the island is charming —
to my mind the most charming in the world ; a
deliciously cool sea breeze springs up about 8 a.m.,
and blows until 4 p.m., when there is a lull, and
about 8 P.M. a softer land breeze begins to blow
and lasts until 4 a.m. Stephanolis blooms most
luxuriantly, and Matechal Niel Roses attain to a
size and colour and substance of blossom unequalled
anywhere. I cut one morning seventy blossoms
from a three-year-old plant — any one of which would
have been a prize winner at a London Rose show.
Tea Roses, such as Niphetos, Homer, &c., also do
equally well. Yams and other vegetables a rich
planter does not find it worth his while to cultivate,
and he buys them all from his negro cottagers, and
there is no attempt at a regular kitchen garden
throughout the island.

The hotel accommodation throughout is very bad,
and there would be an excellent opening for British
capital in this line, particularly as Ihe Canadians
and some of the Northern Americans have taken to
spending the winter in the island, and avoiding the
rigours of the American season. Some of the beauties
of Jamaica, in the way of waterfalls and lovely
natural dells, I have passed over ; but anyone going
out there can easily make themselves acquainted with
them from the excellent handbook of the island
published under the authoiity of the Government.
E. IV. Walker.

Orange trees and Apple trees, alihough thriving
well all over the island, seem to become attacked by
blight, or oidium, in some districts after the flower-
ing and before the fruit comes to maturity, neverthe-
less good Oranges are plentiful.

The Caili dulce (Sugar-cane), Tobacco, and
CofTee, also grow easily and yield returns, but they do
not as yet hold out much prospect of becoming articles
of export competition, and the expensiveness of the
manufacturing process of sugar being the chief
obstacle to the production of this article ; but, not-
withstanding the drawbacks, considerable quantities
of the plant in the stalk of about 5 to 6 feet long were
imported last year from Madeira, Grand Canary, and
La Palma, and planted in this island with much
success. As regards Tobacco, considering that the
plant does not call for much care or attention in its
cultivation, and only requires water at long intervals,
it would no doubt be more extensively grown if only
inducements were held out to farmers by the
authorities.

The Coffee plantations at Salamanca, consist of
about 200 or 300 trees each ; although bearing
abundant fruit, the yield is chiefly consumed by
the growers themselves. The Coffee is of excel-
lent quality, and there is no reason why this plant
should not also be more extensively propagated.
The climate and soil seem very suitable to its
growth, especially when piolectcd by the shade of
other trees, when it will throw out horizontal lateral
branches throughout its entire length, and in the
early part of the year the branches are literally
covered with fruit.

The greatest anxiety of all, however, is the dis-
covery, if possible, of some vegetable product which
will replace the Tuna or Cochineal Cactus. In view
of this consideration, which is Jtill occupying public
attention, the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos
del Pais de Tenerife, the Royal Agricultural Society
at Laguna, has for some time past been in active
correspondence with friends in England, who have
suggested the introduction into ihis island of fibre-
yielding Nettles, especially the Rhea, or China grass,
and the Helianthus annuus (Sunflower), but on this
point Mr. Consul Depuis says: — *' Whether any
advantage wilt be taken of the many valuable sug-
gestions made I am unable to say. I have very little
doubt, however, in my own mind that the climate
and conditions of this land would admirably suit those
plants, requiring as they do little cultivation, and
thriving in almost any soil. The Helianthus is a
well known plant here, and I have seen magnificent
specimens of them cultivated as ornamental plants.
In short, since the unfortunate failure of the Cochineal
as a remunerative product, the only agricultural
resources remaining to this island for exportation seem
now to be Potatos, Onions, and Garlic,"

ECONOMIC PLANTS IN
TENERIFFE.

Reporting on the trade of Teneriffe, the Btiii=^h
Consul makes some remarks on Ihe agricultural capa-
bilities of the island, from which the following notes
are taken. He remarks that it is a matter of s<Mne
surprise that, notwithstanding the mild nature of this
climate, its even temperature throughout the year, the
absence of all sharp frosts and scorching heats, and
where everything almost might be made to grow, and
living rendered cheap, only about one-seventh of the
land is under cultivation. The crops of Wheat,
Barley, and Indian Corn raised are insufficient for the
wants of the country, and large quantities of the first
necessaries of life arc derived from abroad. Many
kinds of fruit are cultivated, but with the exception of
Bananas, which are mostly shipped for Spain, and
Prickly Pears, the fruit of the Tuna, or Nopal Cactus
(Opuntia Tuna), which are the principal food ot the
labouring classes in summer-time, and also perhaps
Figs, the diO'erent varieties, abundance, and quality,
are far inferior to those of Malta or Sicily.

OAK DESTROYED BY LIGHT-
NING.

Rarely have we seen so complete destruction of a
noble tree by lightning as that of which we give an
illustration, from a photograph by Messrs. Field &
Son, obligingly sent us by Mr. Hariison, of the
County Seed Establishment, Maidstone (fig. 32).
The tree was struck on July 5, in the Mole Park, near
that town. Our i lustration shows the destruction ctf
the bole, some S feet in girth. A larger phuiograph,
sent at the same time, shows how the main limbs
were riven and scattered in all direction?, as fully
described in our issue lor July 26, p. 114.

EVERGREENS.

Tbansplantinc. and TKOrAGATiNG. — There is
much dilTerence of opinion as to the proper lime for
transplanting evergreens, some contending that
autumn is the ri^ht season, while others are just as
strongly convinced that spring is Ihe most suitable
period in the whole year for carrying out the opera-
tions, and t quite agree that it is so, but, unfortunately,
one has only a week or two then that can be counted
on as favourable for doing the work, as it is not safe
to begin till the cutting winds of March are over, and
all ought to be complete before April closes. In the
autumn the planter has at least two months open be-
fore him, as he may commence at the beginning of Sep-
tember, and go on till the end of October ; but it
should be borne in mind that the earlier the pl.ints
are moved, provided the weather is favourable, the
better they do. The only things to wait for are
moderate ripeness or hardness of young growth, and a
good rain, although, where there is water in quantity
to be had, it does not matter so much about the latter,
as a soaking may be given al the roots, and a sousing

August 9, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

169

over the tops, which, unless "the atmosphere happens
to be very hot and arid, will generally keep the plants
right. This being so, no one who has command of
water as mentioned need hesitate starting by the
middle of August, as they have only to choose the
evergreens that will best bear the lifting, by being
most forward in their growth or maturity, making
choice of such things as Hollies, Laurels, Aucubas,
Box, Rhododendrons, and plants that have thick hard
leaves, leaving those that have thinner and more
tender foliage till the last.
Most of the Coniferse are very easy subjects to deal

plants are to go should be quite decided on before they
are interfered with, and holes should be made suffi-
ciently large to receive them. It is very seldom, how-
ever, that this is done, and yet it is of vital import-
ance, as to cramp the roots by insufficient room and
not break up the earth is to cripple the plant at the
first start, for it might as well be walled in and con«
creted, so hard and firm are some soils. Whenever
they are of this character the only thing for it is to
thoroughly dig up the bottom so as to disturb it with
spade or fork to a good depth, and to carry the sides of
the hole far beyond what is absolutely needed for the

The larger this is kept, so long as it can be lifted and
moved readily without strain or breakage, the better ;
but the size must depend in a great measure on the
appliances, and the distance the plant has to be
carried. With a planting machine there is hardly
any limit, but much may be done by the help
of a few willing hands and strong levers. These
latter are easily placed by making a passage under
the ball, which may then be raised bodily and at
once placed on a truck or trolley and drawn to the
hole got ready for the plant, and into which it may
be lowered or slid down smooth planks arranged for the

Fig. 32.— oak struck by lightning, (see p. 168 )

with, especially if they have not stood long without
being transplanted, as then their shoots are firm, and
they are more fibrous-rooted, in which state plants
suffer but little from lifting, as there is but little or no
shrinkage of the bark, and the feeders set to work at
once. The great point in the removal and trans-
planting of trees and shrubs is to be as expeditious as
possible in getting them up and in, for they suffer
most from drying, which quickly causes contraction
of the bark and flagging or distress in the foliage.
When these evils occur, plants that are affected
by them are thrown back and remain in an unsatis-
factory state, from which they are slow in recover-
ing. To prevent all these ills the spots where the

spread of the roots of the plant. If possible, when
filling in again, some fresh loose soil should be added ;
and it will be well, also, before this, if a dressing is
thrown in and mixed up below ; but leaf-mould and
vegetable matter of that kind ought always to be
avoided, as they tend to breed fungus, which gets on
the roots.

In lifting evergreens the proper way is to open out
a good wide trench around the plant, keeping well
away from the stem, so as to avoid cutting the roots,
which should be approached from the trench, and the
soil carefully worked out from among them by the aid
of a fork, when it may be thrown to the surface so as
to give plenty of room to get well under the ball.

purpose. To save trouble, the depth of the hole and the
thickness of the ball should be first ascertained, 50
that the plant may be dropped on a bed made to the
right height to receive it. With a body of loose soil
under, it is better to have the collar high than low,
which will allow for settling, as nothing injures a
plant so much as burying its stem so that the crown
or base is below the general level ; and not only
that, but every tree or shrub always looks far more
effective raised than depressed, and especially is this
so with all the Coniferse. In filling in around the
ball the point to be particular about is to see that no
hollows or cavities are left, and the only safe way of
providing against such a mishap is to wash in the soil

170

Tim CARbRbJ£iRS' CHRONICLE.

tAuGUSt 9, 1884.

by heavy dashes of water, thrown with such force and
in such quantity as to carry earth with it, and leave it
in a semi-liquid state in all of the fissure;;, where it
will remain in a moi>t condition for a long period
after, and encourage the roots.

To prevent evaporation a heavy mulching should
be given, for by covering the earth all cracking is
stopped and an equable degree of warmth and mois-
ture maintained, which favour the plants' growth.
What often militates against this in fresh moved
things is wind-rocking, .by the movement of the tree
or shrub to and fro — a motion that must be guarded
against by proper staking and tying, or the use of
other means to keep the plant rigid. For tall sub-
jects, such as Hollies or Conifers, the best way of
staying ihe stems is to fix a strong soft collar around,
placing it about three parts up, and from it running
galvanised wire off in three different directions at
equal distances apart. The ends should then be made
fast to stout pegs driven well into the ground, when
the plant will be rendered safe against breezes, from
whatever quarter they blow. If the trees or shrubs
moved be large, and the weather sets in dry after, it
will be a great help to them if two or three times a
week, during the evening, they are syringed or wetted
overhead by using the garden-engine, as a damping
overhead in that way is very refreshing to the foliage
and a powerful aid in the formation of roots, as they
respond to the activity and health of the leaf, the two
working together assisting each other.

The easiest way of propagating evergreens is by
layers, and the work may be carried out at any time
with success, as ail that is necessary is to remove some
of the soil immediately under a low branch, which
may then be brought to the ground and kept there by
raeans of stout pegs, when any side shoots should be
partially buried, leaving only about 9 inches to a foot
of the ends out ; and if allowed to remain in that posi-
tion for a year the greater portion will be found to
have formed root, when they may be taken offand re
planted. Although most evergreens strike from layers
within the period named. Rhododendrons generally
take twice as long, and to encourage them to root it is
necessary to bury the stems of the shoots with sharp
sandy peat, and keep it well watered that it may
always be moist.

Laurels, Aucubas, and such-Hke plants may be
struck freely from cuttings made of the half-ripe shoots,
which should be taken off about a foot or 15 inches
long, and trimmed and made in the ordinary manner,
when they may be inserted in any sheltered half-shady
spot, the best situation being vacant open places
among shrubs, which break the winds, and thus screen
and prevent them from dying. The proper time to
put in evergreen cuttings is during September and
October, and the same with Conifers, most of which
root readily, but instead of being in the open and ex-
posed like Laurel and Aucubas, &c., they must have
the protection of handlights and be kept quite close till
they strike. A good place for the handlights is the
foot of a north wall, where the soil should be prepared
by being mixed wiih sharp sand and made firm, when
thecultingsmay be dibbled in and watered, and if after-
Wfirds kept sprinkled few of them will fail. J, S,

LATE PEAS AND THEIR

CULTURE.

The present season has not been at all favourable
to the growth of late Peas. Hot dry weather set in
during the lime of flowering, and the pod^;, at least in
our district, were not fully developed ; the later pnds
in all cases were badly attacked with thrips, which
prevented anything like a succession of pods fit for
use being gathered.

In our district, where the rainfall for the year ranges
between 21 and 24 inches, it is necessary to make pre-
parations for a dry period between May and August ;
indeed, we frequently find September a very dry
month, at least for the first three weeks of it. Under
such conditions as those the plants must be en-
couraged to jroot deeply into the ground. When I
had to deal wiih light gravelly soil, some years ago,
we seldom failed to obtain good crops of late Peas.
The ground was Irenched-up 18 inches deep, and
two layers of cow manure were placed in the
trenches, one layer at the bottom and the other
about 8 or 9 inches below the surface. The cow
manure seems to retain moisture much better than
fctable manure, and is more solid in light soils. The
Tea plants send Iheir rcot^i deeply into the rich

manure, which affords them support however dry the
weather may be. In the clayey soil of our present
garden we are using stable-manure from a yard where
peat litter is employed ; this material is well adapted for
keeping clay soils open. When the ground is well
worked and heavily manured there is danger of the
Peas making too much haulm, but if a distance of 4
to 4i feet can be afforded between the rows, cr even
5 feet for the tallest growing kinds, there will not be
much danger from this cause.

There are now so many good free bearing varieties
in cultivation that it is much easier to keep up a good
supply of Peas in summer than it uFcd to be. New
Peas are being introduced every year, either by selec-
tion or cross-breeding, and both methods are desir-
able. It is always worth while to pay a little more
for a good selected strain, but it is scarcely fair to
make a selection and give it a new name. That this
is sometimes done most growers of Peas are well
aware. I remember when the variety G. F. Wilson
was introduced ; it had straight pods. I saved a lot
of seeds from it, and the first sowing produced a
number of plants with curved pods. I saved a quart
of Peas from these curved pods, but they were neither
better nor worse than the original. The year after I
had a small parcel of Peas for trial under a new
name, and they proved to be G. F. Wilson, with
curved pods. The only difference would be that one
variety would cost is. a quart, and the other 2^. 6(/.
Veitch's Perfection has been the original source of
many selections ; it is still a good Pea, but others
have been introduced recently that will probably
supersede it. The Peas raised by Dr. McLean and
introduced by Mr. Turner bear good crops of well
flavoured Peas. Dr. McLean should be a good
market Pea, as it bears a heavy crop of well filled
pods which come in at one time. A good successional
bearer is better for the garden. We tried Telephone
and Stratagem instead of G. F. Wilson and Dr.
McLean, but I am not sure that the change was for
the better. In our heavy soil Sratagem does not grow
sufliciently ; the plants are not more than i foot high,
and Telephone certainly does not bear anything like
such a good crop as it did in the light soil. Mr.
Laxton's new Peas hitherto have not been quite first-
rate as regards flivour, but he evidently understands
the work he has undertaken, and is still earnestly
engaged in.

Through the kindness of Messrs. Hooper & Co., of
Covent Garden, I had an opportunity of inspecting
Mr. Laxton's most recent productions in their trial-
ground at Heme. Like all Mr. Laxton's seedlings,
they are the result of cross-breeding. Three varieties
have been selected for distribution, and the entire
stock of then* has passed into the hands of Messrs.
Hooper. Telephone was used as one of the parents
in all the crosses, and its individuality was apparent
in all of them. A row or two of Telephone was
grown for comparison, and the new ones were cer-
tainly superior to the parent. Lord Bacon, wrinkled
marrow, is a blue Pea, and a cross between Telephone
and John Bull. The pods are long and well filled
with very large Peas ; it grows as tall as Telephone,
and bore a large crop. They were sown on March
25, and were ready to gather the last week in June,
British Lion is a cross between Omega and Telephone,
and has great promise of being an excellent main crop
wrinkled marrow. It forms a dwarfer and better
plant than Lord Bicon. The pods are long, and
some of them contain ten large Peas. The habit of
the plant is like that of Telephone, but the pods are
formed like those of dnega. Alfred the Great is a cross
between Telephone and Willif^m Hurst. It is a white
v/rinkled Pea, and is ready to gather a week before
Lord Bacon, This is a very prolific variety, and
produces its pods much nearer the ground than Tele-
phone does. It is not such a tall grower as Telephone,
but is more like that variety than it is William Hurst.
I counted nine Peas in most of the largest pods,
which were well filled.

All the above Peas were bearing larger crops than
Telephone, and when they were cooked the flavour
proved to be excellent. Amongst the connoisseurs
present opinions were divided as to which was the
best flavoured of the three. Alfred the Great seemed
to be most in favou'. I thought there was not much
difference between them ; they are all good marrow
Peas. Evolution was also grown with them, and is
very promising ; it is rather later than Lord Bacon.
William Hurst was not more than a foot high, but
the dwarf plants were well furnished with pods. This
wcu'd be an excellent k-nd f'^'r pot culture, an-^ i'. is a

good flavoured wrinkled Pea. Omega has not gained
so much popularity as its merits deserve. It is one of
the latest varieties ; the Peas are of a dark green
colour, the plant dwarf, and of a free bearing cha-
racter. It is now finding its way into some of the
market gardens. It is a variety likely to take in the
market, both for colour and quality ; if it continues to
find favour as a late market Pea, that will be a good
test of its merits.

The market growers find that the Jate Peas are
paying them better than the early ones — the market
becomes so crowded with early Peas in June that
there is some difficulty in the crush to obtain a paying
price for them. The later Peas do not bear such good
crops, but they sell readily at higher prices. A Pea
that would resist the attacks of mildew well would be
a great boon ; at present the early Peas resist its
attacks better than the late ones. J, Douglas,

THE LILY NURSERY, DERSING-
HAM.

Among several of the newer developments of gar-
dening interests in our own country the successful
attempt made by Mr. T. Jannock to grow the Lily of
the Valley well, and in a wholesale way, must
certainly be included. A few years ago the cultiva-
tion of this plant was neither well understood prac-
tically or scientifically, the plant suffered accordingly,
and it was extremely rare to find it doing well — that
is, bearing quantities of large blooms in beds in the
open air. As a plant to grow in boxes or pots for the
conservatory or the dwelling this was still more the case,
the clumps, or crowns, used at that date for these latter
purposes being usually supplied from foreign sources.
It was, of course, to the decided advantage of Conti-
nental cultivators of the plant to keep up the idea that
only the soil of Holland, some parts of France, and
Northern Germany, could grow it to that degree of
maturity to make it a suitable and worthy subject
for forcing, but it is now seen that our own land can
produce roots equalling in every point the best
imported ones. The main desiderata in growing the
crowns for market, or for forcing cut bloom, are a
light easily worked soil, a sunny, tolerably open,
but sheltered site, heavy dressings of decayed cow- ■

manure and patience — the last being required in I
waiting three years from the time the youngest germ I
or bud is planted till it is fit for taking up to J
force or to flower in beds in the open air. When one-
year or two-year-old crowns are used in planting the
nurse-beds there is a proportionately shorter period to
wait for returns. Mr. Jannock has proved the differ-
ences that exist between our common wild form,
or that in a cultivated state, and the Berlin variety
that he employs, in the broader leaf, bolder spike,
larger and more numerous bells of that variety.
Botanically there may be no differences structurally,
but to the gardener the above enumerated excellencies
appeal in an all-powerful manner. Figures of the two
varieties will be found in our number for March 25,
1876, p. 405.

With the abundant produce now possessed at ■
Dersingham, the progeny of the first importations I
from Germany, there is now no necessity to go abroad *
for young stock for growing on to furnish crowns for
planting or forcing, as each two or three year plant
produces one or more yearly buds of one leaf each
that are used wherewith to plant the beds for stock.
Usually all the plants are removed and planted
annually, the beds getting a deep digging over— not
trenching — and a liberal dressing of the manure pre-
viously mentioned. This transplanting operation may
be done in mild weather from October to March.
Lift them carefully with a fork, in the case of plants
already in the ground, and after shaking all the soil
off them sort them into three sizes, the smallest being
the one-year-old, the next the two-year-old, and the
largest the three-year-old crowns.

These last, which will be of a reddish-brown colour,
and of which there will be but few in any very old
bed, are suitable for potting, or for planting a bed to
flower the succeeding season. It is well to keep the
crowns of different ages apart in replanting. When
the sorting is done the roots must be shortened lo
about 4 inches from the germ, or bud, and be planted
in trenches deep enough to receive them, much in the
manner of laying Box edging. These trenches may
be from 6 inches to 9 inches apart. All crowns
should stand above the ground at least an inch, this
mode of inserting the plants being essential to
success, as it is found that crowns which are buried
out of sigh! make the least progress, and have also

AuGUEt 5, 1884.)

Tifn GJJiDiilVEkS' CMkOMlCLB,

\^\

inferior blooms, the soil above them hindering the
ripening action of the sun's heat and light, Mr.
Jannock believes that this is really the keynote of
success with ihese plants. When the trenches are
filled wiih the plants, kept steady in their places by
having a little soil pressed against them, they may be
quite filled up with decayed cow-manure and mould,
making all firm. After this the whole of the beds are
mulched with the same material to the depth of an
inch, which the first heavy rain or good watering will
press down to the soil, still leaving the points of Ihe
crowns ranging above the level of the mulch. Nothing
more seems to be required durmg the sumraer-time
beyond keeping the plants free from weeds, and sup-
plementing insullicient rains with heavy watering by
means of the hose or can. In August, when the
crowns are attaining size, and the plants demand
extra nutriment, watering with diluted cow-dung
water is practised with much advantage at intervals of
a week.

The Lily of the Valley under this form of cultiva-
tion will produce in three-year-old roots fine plump
reddish-brown buds without failure, and which are
sure to throw up, either as forced plants or otherwise,
capital spikes of flower and healthy robust foliage.
Where the culture of this plant is pursued on a large
scale, and many leaves are required to set oft bunches
of cut bloom, one and two-year-old plants should
be grown for the production of these only, more
especially as the earliest forced flowering plants are
not over-well furnished with them.

The above seem to be the chief points of this, the first
endeavour, to grow the Berlin Lily in the open air in .
this country to supply the constantly increasing demand
of the cut flower trade in the first instance, and that of
crowns for forcing purposes in market establishments
and private places. So much are these English
grown crowns and blooms in request that the pro-
prietor of the Dersingham Nursery contemplates the
increase of his land by several acres, notwithstanding
the fact that he possesses over one million crowns,
half of which are those that will flower during the
next season. ISI,

EDIBLE CACTI.

The Prickly Pear, or Indian Fig as it is sometimes
termed, the fruit of Opuntia vulgaris, is Itnown in our
fruit shops ; but there are many other species of
the Cactus family which are edible, although only
locally known where they are indigenous — among
these are Opuntia Ficus indica, Opuntia Tuna,
O. Rafinesquii, and O. occidentalis. New Mexico,
Arizona, California, and Utah, are the habitats
of most of these. Cereus giganteus and C. Thur-
beri also furnish edible fruits ; the former attains
a height of 25 to 50 feet, whilst C. Engelmanni is
a dwarf species, with large scarlet flowers, and re-
freshingly cool fruits of a Strrawberry taste. C.
Quixo of Chili is a stately Cactus, which attains a
height of 15 feet. The charming snow-white flowers
are followed by sweetish mucilaginous fruits available
for the table. The fruits of the Opuntias are much
eaten by the Indians under the common Spanish
name of itirias, and great quantities are dried for use
in the winter The fruits of the Opuntias are of a
bright red to purple colour, of a rather pleasant,
sweet, somewhat acid taste, and have thin stems and
rather large seeds, which are discarded. They are
much eaten by the Indians. The skin is studded
with bunches of very fine downy spines, which they
brush off with a bunch of grass. The Apache
Indians use wooden tongs to gather the fruit, and
prevent scratching by the spines or thorns of the
plant. Some tribes dry the unripe fruit of the
Opuntia for future use, to be cooked with meat and
other substances. The fresh unripe fruit is often
boiled in water from ten to twelve hours until soft,
when it becomes like Apple-sauce ; then, being allowed
to ferment a little, it becomes stimulating and
nutritious. Some Indians roast the leaves of the
Opuntia in hot ashes, and when cooked the outer
skin with the thorns is easily removed, leaving a
slimy, sweet succulent substance, which is eaten.

In the province of Catania in Sicily, in Algeria and
Egypt, the Opunlia Ficus indica is regularly cultivated
for its fruit. The product in Egypt is about 10,000
cwt. annually. In Sicily four varieties are known —
one with yellow fruit, one with white fruit, one with
red fruit, and one without seeds. The two first-
named varieties are chiefly cultivated, as they are
most productive, and the fruit is sweeter and larger.

These fruits can be kept during the winter up to
March or April if covered with hay or paper. A
hectare of ground planted with these Cacti yields a
return of about /20, and the cost does not exceeil
£2. The fruit of Cereus giganleus is Pear-shaped, of
a greenish-yellow colour, with a few small spines
scattered over the surface, which fall oS^ as the fruit
becomes thoroughly ripe. The fruit is borne upon
the highest part of the plant, and is usually gathered
by means of long hooked slicks ; the interior is
of a beautiful red colour, and looks tempting.
The rind is pulpy, fibrous, juicy, and sweet ; the
pulp is very palatable (and is full of small black
seeds, which are also eaten), reminding one of Figs,
the only difference being that it has more moisture.
The seeds are indigestible unless when chewed. The
Indians consider this one of their greatest luxuries,
and as long as the fruit is obtainable care for nothing
else.

To dry this fruit as a preserve the seedy pulp is placed
between soft Indian Corn husks, the ends of which
are tied, and it is then dried in the sun for winter
use or trade. It is also put into earthen pots when
fresh, secured from the air, and sold in the settlements.
It retains its sweetness for a long time. A clear light
brown syrup is expressed from the pulp and sold in
gallon jugs. The Papajo Indians are the largest pro-
ducers of this syrup. The Pimo Indians annually pre-
pare a wine from this fiuil, called by the Mexicans
tis wein, by taking the fresh pulp or the syrup and
mixing it with a certain quantity of water in earthen
vessels and exposing it to the sun for some time to
ferment, after which it is fit for drinking. It is of a clear
amber colour, and in every respect superior to much of
the wine on sale. It is highly intoxicating, with the
taste and smell of sour beer, but some time elapses
before its stimulating effects are felt. When the wine
is ready for use, the Indians celebrate an annual
drinking festival.

Cereus Thurberi is commonly called pclahaya by
the Mexicans. It grows to 18 or 20 feet high, and
4 to 6 inches in diameter, and bears two crops of fruit
per year. The fruit is the size and shape of an egg,
and is thickly covered with long black spines ; as it
ripens it becomes tinged with red, and the spines fall
off, the fruit splits open and exposes a rich red
juicy pulp with small black seeds. The fruit is
decidedly better than that of Cereus giganteus, but is
used in every respect for the same domestic purposes.
The Papajo Indians, in transporting earthen vessels
filled with syrup or fruit to market, cover their jars
with a thick coating of mud, which renders them less
liable to waste in handling and at the same time keeps
the contenis cool, and prevents evaporation, the
crockery used being very porous.

The fruit is eaten in enormous quantities, and,
being very nutritious, the consumers quickly acquire
an extraordinary increase in bulk. In making wine
or syrup the seeds are easily separated from the pulp
by the use of water. They are carefully collected,
dried, parched, and pulverised, after which process
they are digestible and nutritious.

The last species to be noticed is Echinocaclus
Wislizeni. This singular species of Cactus is com-
monly called by the Spaniards biziiacha, and, being
20 inches or more in diameter, a section of the stem
is often employed as a cooking vessel. The seeds
are small and black, but when parched and pul-
verised make good gruel and even bread. The pulp
of the fruit is rather sour, and not much eaten.
Travellers in passing the Cactus wastes often resort
to this plant to quench their thirst, its interior con-
taining a soft, white, watery substance, of slightly
acid taste, which is rather pleasant when chewed.
It is a common sight to see on each side of the road
these plants with a large perforation made by the
thirsty traveller. An Indian when travelling and
wishing to make a meal selects a large plant 3 feet or
more long and 2 in diameter, cuts it down and
hollows it out so as to form a trough. Into this he
throws the soft portions of the pulpy substance which
surrounds the central woody axis, and adds meat,
roots, seeds, meal, fruits, or any edible thing on
hand ; water is added, and the whole mixed together.
Stones are then highly heated and dropped into the
mixture, and as they cool are taken out, ticked clean,
reheated, and returned to the cooking vessel until the
mixture is thoroughly boiled. This is a favourite
dish with the Indians of Arizona. The Papajo
Indians pare off the rind and thorns of large plants
of this species of Cactus, letting it remain several
days to bleed, when the pulp is poured down to the

woody axis, cut up into suitable pieces, and boiled in
syrup oi the Cereus giganteus or Cereus Thurberi.
If a kind of sugar which is made by the Mexicans is
attainable it is emplojed instead of the syrup, thus
forming a good preserve. These pieces when taken
out of the liquid and dried ate as good as candied
Citron peel, which they very much resemble in taste
and substance. P% L, S,

Natural History.

Do MosQuiTos Live on Animal or Vegetable
Jt;icES? — The mosquito is pretty widely known. lis
larva, its chrysalis, and its jicrfect fotrns have been
described. I do not remember, however, reading any
description of its eggs. I remember the days when,
as a boy, I used to scoop up the larvai of niusquitos
from stagnant waters, and place them in little pools
of water, to observe their transformations. Then I
thought there were two kinds ; these afterwards I
recognised as the larva and chrysalis stages of the
same mosquito. Often have I observed the chrysalis
coming to the surface of the water, and after a while
bursting its shell and letting out the perfect winged
insect. Often have I been pestered with their slings,
and, what is worse than their sting, the penetrating
buzz of the mosquito — well expressed by its Italian
name, **zanzara." Many times have I watched a mos-
quito settling on my hand, driving its proboscis into
my skin, and sucking my blood, and filling and
reddening its body with it. Often also, on the shores
of the Mediterranean, have I seen mosquitos in the
evening dancing in small clouds over people's heads
as they moved along the shore. Never did I look
upon this insect as other than a blood-sucker.

When I came to India I found my friend again as
troublesome as in the South of Europe. There was
no rest at night, except within a mosquito net, or
under a " punkah " swinging close to my face. One
thing I noticed — the Indian mosquito, as far as I
know, is a nocturnal insect, but in Europe I was
often bothered by it also by day, though much more
so by night.

One day, in the evening, in India, on a wail
round a lamp, I noticed more than six forms of mos-
quitos— probably either varieties or sexual i^orms.
Some were large, others small ; some had striped
legs, others not ; some had long feathery antennae,
others small ones. I have no doubt that, like other
animals, there are many species of mosquitos. On
my visiting Calcutta I was astonished to find how
much larger the mosquitos were there than in Upper
India.

On one occasion, in Lucknow, during the season,
when the air swarms with insect life, and quivers with
the notes of different insects, I captured an interesting
little mantis, not very much bigger than a large mos-
quito. It had long legs and antennje. I put it under
a tumbler, and fed it for some time on mosquitos. It
was quite a novel sight to see the cautious way in
which this tiny mantis, balanced on four legs,
approached the mosquito, and tentatively searched for
it with its antennas till it made sure of its position,
and then pounced upon it.

As I have said, the different forms of mosquitos
and their transformations are probably well known,
but perhaps not so much is known of the habits of
this interesting insect. In India, during the heat of
the day, it is found inside houses, under chairs, tables,
and other furniture. Probably the reason for its
selecting these positions is in order to escape from the
radiation of the roof by placing a screen between it
and that. I have some notion that this insect has an
exquisite sense of any change of temperature and of
the hygrometric state of the atmosphere. Towards
sundown the mosquitos in the house swarm, and
make a distinct hum in a room. They become im-
patient to go outside, and can be seen making frantic
efforts to get out against the panes of glass of a closed
window. If the doors are then opened every one of
the mosquitos will go out ; and if you are clever
enough to shut the doors behind them you can ensure
a mosquitoless night and a comfortable sleep. Often
have I done this, and often have I observed them
again in the early morning making the same frantic
efforts on the outside of the panes endeavou-iug to
come in again and rest for the day in the same
screened places of the house. On one occasion I
visited a friend in the winter who was encamped in a
Mango grove. He told me that he, his wife, and his
children, had been worried and kept a'vpl'e all n'ght,

172

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1S84.

the tents being full of mosquitos ; indeed, the faces
and hands of all bore testimony to what he stated. I
said, " I know something of the habits of these
insects, and would endeavour to free their tents and
mine also of this pest." At sundown I went into my
tent, and heard the familiar hum of hundreds of mos-
quitos who wanted to go out. I rolled up all the
blinds and curtains of all the tents, and in a quarter-
of-an-hour or so not one was to be heard inside. The
curtains were then let down, and we all had a peaceful
night.

I had often heard people say that they would rather
not have plants and creepers about their verandahs,
because they had a notion these bred mosquitos. On
one occasion I put a plant in a pot on a table in my
room. At night I happened to pass by it with a
lamp, and found its leaves covered with mosquitos,
who appeared to me to be sucking the juice of the
plant. Here I think I had discovered a clue to the
real nature of the mosquito. I think that naturally
the perfect insect lives by sucking the juices of plants
at night ; that in India, owing to the heat of the day
and the dryness of the atmosphere, mosquitos seek
the shelter of the interior of houses ; that in the even-
ing they would only be too glad to leave the house, if
you would let them ; if you don't they will have their
revenge on you at night. Even if the doors are left
open all night you will be free from them, except in
the early morning, when they come in and have a nip
at you before roosting for the day.

I have a suspicion that mosquitos, like other
animals, change their habits according to circum-
stances. When at Venice on one occasion in Sep-
tember I was one evening at sundown looking out of
the window on to the canal ; I saw a number of mos-
quitos coming into the room through the window. I
shut it, and kept them out. There the habits of this
insect appeared to be reversed. During the day in
September the atmosphere over the canals is warm
and moist, but in the evening a chill occurs. It
would therefore seem that in Venice at that season
the mosquitos left the rooms in the morning for the
open air — what to feed on I don't know — and
returned to the warmth of the houses at night.
Italians will tell you that if you leave the windows
open, and have a light inside, the mosquitos will
come in. I doubt whether they require the guide of
a light to enable them to find the windows ; but pro-
bably, like many other insects, a light would attract
them.

With the foregoing clues I think now the state-
ments of travellers and sportsmen in the jungles of
Burmah, and of trappers in the backwoods of America
and Canada, and other places, become intelligible.
They tell you that in those solitudes mosquitos swarm.
They say that sleep is impossible there without smear-
ing your face and hands with greasy stuffs to caution
them off. I could never understand what business
the mosquito had in those jungles, under the supposi-
tion that it lived upon animal blood. Men did not
live there, and animals were sufficiently protected by
their fur. But as a vegetable feeder the mosquito no
doubt plays some important part in the economy of
jungles. What that part is will be an interesting
problem for somebody to solve. E. Bonavia, M.D.,
Etawah.

present instance entirely absent. The normal Cypri-
pedium has six potential stamens, in two rows, of
which two of the inner row are usually developed,
with a large barren stamen of the outer row above
them. In the first flower five of the six — namely,
two of the outer and all of the inner, were wanting ;
and in the second four of the six were absent, viz.,
all the three outer and one of the inner.

The Culture of Cattleyas.— In the Illustra-
tion Hortuole, t. 526, a figure is given of L^lia
elegans var. alba, a charming variety, with the sepals
and petals white, the proximal lobes of the lip erect
incurved, white, the distal or free lobe rounded, flat,
rosy-lilac or magenta. In reference to this plate M.
Linden gives the following cultural note : — " Catt-
leyas," says M. Linden, " require plenty of water,
except during the resting period, when they only
require sufficient to keep the bulb from shrivelling.
During the growing period they like a high tempera-
ture, such as the East India-house affords, especially
in the case of those which flower twice in the year, as
C. Mossite, Loddigesii, intermedia, nobilior, &c.
But at the end of autumn, when the bulbs are well
ripened, the temperature may be lessened. Species
which flower only once, as C. elegans, Mendeli,
Dowiana, bogotensis, Trianas, &c., also do well in a
high temperature at the period of flowering, but will
do very well in a warm greenhouse. Small species,
like C. Dayana, nobilior, Acklandae, &c., do best in
wooden baskets filled with lumps of charcoal, or on a
block with sphagnum, or even on a block without
sphagnum, provided the atmosphere be sufficiently
moist,

Cattleya Reineckiana var. — In May last
(vol. xxi., p. 609) we had occasion to speak of this
lovely variety as grown by Mr. Hill at Sir N. de
Rothschild's, at Tring Park, and can now place be-
fore our readers an illustration taken from a photo-
graph (fig. 33). The flowers are like those of C.
Mossire, but pure white except the throat of the lip,
which is marked with magenta-coloured lines and
an orange blotch.

ol^a and

Ikaniitp.

Cypripedium Seden! X. — We have previously
had occasion to mention the tendency that the flowers
of this hybrid have to assume an abnormal appearance.
In December, 1882, Mr. Kesterton sent us a monan-
drous flower similar to that described by Mr. Spencer
Moore in the Journal of Botany. In that flower the
sepals, petals, and lip were in their ordinary condition,
but there was only a single stamen instead of the two
usually met with. In the flower now before us, also
sent by Mr. Kesterton, the sepals are all distinct
instead of two being united as usual : the two lateral
petals present nothing very uncommon, but are placed
rather diagonally ; the lip, in place of being bag-
shaped, is nearly flat, with only a slight tendency to be
hooded at the free end ; and the column bears two
lateral stamens, as a well ordered Cypripedium should
do. Singularly enough, the barren stamen opposite
the lip, which is so remarkable a feature in ordinary
Cypripedia, and which in the flower first alluded to
was represented by a perfect stamen, was in the

NOTES ON NEW ZEALAND.

I WELL know the deep and kindly interest taken in
this far-off " Britain of the South " by a large section
of the British public, and especially by the now
numerous class of gardeners, who, not content with
the knowledge of plants to be obtained from them
under cultivation or in the herbarium, look for in-
formation upon plant life from those who are privi-
leged to work, live, and study amongst the glories
and beauties of the vegetable kingdom in their natural
homes. Many are the failures and bitter disappoint-
ments encountered in the cultivation of flowers and
plants, which arise from the want of a knowledge of
the conditions and surroundings of plants in their
natural habitat. Many instances in support of this
assertion could be cited, especially in the matter of
potting compost and temperature. When in England
I have often seen beautiful plants distorted into
almost unrecognisable specimens, drawn, gaunt, and
sickly, by being subjected to a treatment greatly
different to the natural conditions of their
existence. Plants at home are often grown in a
rich and loose compost of peat, leaf, mould,
and sand, which in their own land select strong
friable clay in preference to the rich bed of
vegetable humus which for generations has been
accumulating at the foot of the clay bank upon which
they grow to perfection. Many plants I have seen
cast on to the rubbish-heap or thrown on one side as
worthless because they refused to flower and flourish
under conditions totally different from what unerring
Nature adapted their particular forms and constitu-
tions to revel in. These facts, as well as the knowledge
that all colonial notes are interesting to the majority
of the readers of this publication, have induced me to
forward a series of papers upon plants and plant life
with which I am constantly being in contact during
my wanderings as a plant collector in various parts of
the world ; and for the purpose of making these notes
readable and of interest to any who are desirous of
leaving overcrowded I'.ngland to settle in these bright
spots of the earth, where there is ample room for all,
I will combine incidents of travel and anything which
will tend to convey a correct idea of this country with
the information upon the habitat of plants.

New Zealand consists of three islands, or, properly
speaking, two large islands and several islets. Com-

bined, they form a larger country than England and
Scotland together ; contain over 64,000,000 acres ;
20,000,000 of these are under forest, and, considering
the mountainous nature of the country, a very small
proportion of the whole area could be classed as
worthless. It is situated between the parallels of
34° 15' and 47° 30' S. lat. ; this position gives to the
country conditions of climate ranging from that of
warm to cold temperate regions ; whilst the moun-
tains with their perpetual snow, glaciers, and ava-
lanches, especially in the Middle Island, stamp the
flora as purely alpine. It will thus be seen that no
plant indigenous to New Zealand should be looked
upon as a stove-plant, and many and all from the
elevated parts of the south should be either half-hardy
or hardy in England. I am well aware that many
have been tried and failed ; but knowing that a great
number of plants are found the whole length and
breadth of this country, embracing a distance north
and south of over 1000 miles, which must give to the
same species of plant different constitutions, and
hence degrees of hardiness, I am fully persuaded
that numbers of plants which have hitherto failed
would succeed in England if obtained from the coldest
locality of their distribution. No one will con-
vince me that the Tree Ferns, shrubs and trees worth
a place in every garden, which I have seen decorated
with icicles, borne to the ground with snow, and sub-
ject to long, damp, cold and frosty weather, will not
stand the winter in England. From personal experi-
ence in this and other countries I know that the well-
doing of a plant under cultivation depends a great
deal upon the similarity of its natural and artificial
home ; or, in other words, the nearer we approach
the natural temperature of the plant the greater our
success in growing it. For instance, I have planted
two lots of the same species of tree, viz., Cupressus
macrocarpa, received from different parts of this
island, one part low-lying and warm, the other
elevated and much colder. Now, the locality in
which I planted the trees being cold and high, the
trees obtained from the south or cold part did the
best, whilst those reared under warmer conditions had
great difficulty in adapting themselves to the altered
circumstances. If this is so apparent in plants of only
two years of age, what must be the difference in the
constitution of plants which have grown, reproduced,
and perhaps originated in totally different conditions
as regards temperature for upwards of a thousand
years ? My opinion is, that the bulk of the New
Zealand plants which have been sent to England for
outdoor cultivation, were obtained from the warmest
places, because the ports of departure from which most
plants have hitherto been sent are warmly situated,
and containing most of the known plants in their
vicinity ; none from the cold and hardy districts have
as yet been forwarded for the above purpose.

New Zealand is undoubtedly a grand country,
and destined to become a great nation, chiefly
because it is in every respect suitable for the
permanent home of the Briton. Its climate is
conducive to health, long life, and tends to de-
velope or perfect the human constitution, instead
of causing degeneration or relaxing of energy,
as is often the case in many parts of the em-
pire. The soil, taken as a whole, is exceedingly
fertile, and the conditions necessary for agricultural
and horticultural pursuits will stand comparison
with any part of the world. Spacious harbours,
railways, abundance of coal, mineral wealth, and,
in fact, every facility for the advancement of
a people, can now be seen in every part of the colony.
That such a highly favoured country will, ultimately,
take its stand as a power in the world, none can
doubt. To be deeply impressed with the marvellous
colonising character and power of the British race, we
have only to visit the lour great centres of population,
Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin,
to travel through the settled districts, and remember
whilst we move by steam-tram and rail, passing hun-
dreds of comfortable homesteads, large estates, noble
buildings, colleges and museums, that a half a century
ago there things were in dreamland ; and this country
which now sends millions of tons weight of food and
clothing to over-crowded England was of no use to
the world, and all its life-giving treasures were un-
known. New Zealand is to be congratulated upon
having laid the foundations of every department
necessary for the advancement of a great people and
for the establishment of a great nation ; with one ex-
ception, and unfortunately, this exception is one which
renders all other efforts eventually useless, I mean that

August 9, 1SS4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

m

patt of a nation's duty which deals with the conserva-
tion and planting of forests.

The apathy and negligence displayed by the
authorities of New Zealand in all matters con-
nected with ^botanical gardens and forestry, is
looked at by botanists and horticulturists with dismay
and deep concern, not only from the love of trees and
flowers, as many would think ; but from a knowledge
of the disastrous effects and the making and unmaking
of a country contained in the practice of forestry. Now
when we consider the superior quality of the timber
trees indigenous to this colony, and the remarkable
way in which Californian Conifers. European deci-
duous trees, and many Asiatic trees, thrive ; and the
numerous demands from Nature to plant, in the way
of destructive winds, and uncertain seasons — it seems
incredible that a body of highly civilised men,
in a land blest with every condition favourable
for the growth of timber, should slowly, but surely,

of population, the above amount must be doubled and
multiplied again, so that if nothing is done in a few
years hence many noble trees and valuable woods
will become extinct or only represented by stunted
struggling vegetation under greatly altered circum-
stances.

A glance at the flora of New Zealand will convince
us of the moist character of the climate which pre-
vailed when the members of it came into existence.
The amphibious Phormium tenax, the perpetual
moisture loving Todeas and Hymenophyllums, &c.,
the damp seeking Tree Ferns, flat-leaved Conifers, and
the rank and rich growth of fungi, lichens, and
mosses, all indicate an exceedingly moist condition
under which the present " dying out " flora origi-
nated. In all the parts of New Zealand's forests
through which I have travelled there is the warning
and unmistakable stamp of the dying out tendency
visible on all sides. The monaichsof these primoeval

public gardens. Where such is the case, private
gardens and every branch of horticulture remain in a
backward state, and New Zealand is not an exception
to this rule. I have been in many countries, and
always made it a practice to visit the public gardens ;
but considering the favourable conditions for plant
life out here, I place New Zealand as last on the
list in botanical matters. That this should be the
case in a country teeming with wonders of the
vegetable kingdom, and full of pretty and majestic
scenery, and with everything in the gardeners' favour
compared to other lands, is deeply to be lamented. C
MiidJ.

(To be continued.)

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

From Mr. Burbidge, Trinity College Gardens,
Dublin, come —
NICOTIANA GLAUCA, a half shrubby perennial, with

Fig, 33. — CATTLEYA REINECKIANA : FLOWERS WHITE, LIT PURPLE AND GOLD. (SEE P. \^2.)

be causing and allowing that country to drift
into a second Cyprus. This to some may appear to
be an exaggeration, or a mental flight of a "hobby
rider," but if double the quantity of land were under
natural forest, which at present amounts to about
20,000,000 acres, it would be of no avail in prevent-
ing the annihilation of New Zealand's best timber trees
in the face of the reckless and indiscriminate cutting,
clearing, and burning of the "bush" now prac-
tised throughout the length and breadth of these
islands. The present annual amount of timber cut
out of the forests in this country exceeds 400,000,000
superficial feet. In taking out this immense quantity
great damage must, as a consequence of the unsys-
tematic manner of forestry, result to the remaining
arborescent vegetation. Besides this drain upon the
forests there is the continual burning, and also the
destruction caused by cattle, sheep, &c,, to young
trees.

Allowing for the increase of demand, which must
take place when the superior quality of our best
timbers is more widely known, and on the increase

forests are either stretched at full length upon the
ground in an advanced stage of decomposition or are
still standing erect, devoid of leaves or any sign of
life ; in fact, a scene of bushland in this country is
readily imagined by picturing a great number of tall
lifeless trees, giving an aspect of antiquity to the
whole scene by their weird, grotesque, lichen covered
branches towering above the existing vegetation.

Knowing that the absence of vegetation means little
rainfall, it is not surprising that the arboreal plants of
these islands should now begin to show the effects of
the long raid that was made upon the forests by fire,
axe, and cattle from the earliest records we possess
of the Maoris up to the present reign of Mammon, to
whom these grand and primseval forests are fast
succumbing.

Later on in these papers I shall have occasion to
refer to this matter again, but for the present I wish
through your journal to draw attention to the great
want of a Forest Department in this country, and to the
wilful negligence displayed by those whose duty it is
to establish, foster and encourage tree-planting and
the protection of all indigenous trees. Unfortunately
this folly and short-sightedness does not end with
forestry, but extends its withering influence to the

glaucous, long-stalked, ovate acute leaves, in some of
which there is a tendency to obliquity at the base, an
unusual feature in Solanacece, and the meaning where-
of is not apparent. The flowers are borne in a long,
loose, terminal, thinly-branched, leafless inflorescence,
each flower about l^ inch long, with a short tubular
calyx, and a long slender yellowish tubular corolla,
contracted at the throat, and divided at the limb into
five short ovate lobes,

BiLLARDiERA LONGiFLORA is a charming trailing
shrub, with slender wiry branches, and linear sub-
sessile, entire, deep green, glabrous leaves. The
flowers, produced in spring, are pendulous and cam-
panulate, followed by oblong, obtuse, cuboidal fruits
of a deep blue colour, which are very ornamental.

From Mr. Smith, Newry, come Philadelpiius
Yokohama?, a very handsome species, with pen-
dulous shoots some 5 feet in length, covered with
wreaths of flowers, and said to be the most graceful
and profuse bloomer of the genus.

174

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, iS

SriE.EA PALMATA. — Nothing need be said in
praise of this, but for richness of colour no specimens
that we have seen equal thjse sent by Mr. Smith, of
Newry.

Heuchera Richardsoni is valuable (or its pal-
mate Vine-like foliage, each leaf being 3—4 inches
across, dark green, with a reddish bronzy disc,
which makes them valuable for cutting, their good
qualities being enhanced by the length of time they
remain unchanged in water.

NOTHOSCORDUM SICULUM. — A singular Onion-
like plant, with tall shafts bearing at the top umbels of
conical flowers, each about l — 'i inch long, and of a
peculiar pinkish-brown colour. Let no one attempt
to dissect this under the simple microscope unless he
be provided with a handkerchief, and unless he be
proof against noxious smells ; and yet Mr. Bentham
says of the genus " odor alliaceus omnino deest."
Perhaps this is not a Nothoscordum after all — but
really we are not disposed to pursue the enquiry
further !

EURYBIA LYRATA. — A desirable hardy Compo-
site shrub, with lanceolate shallow-toothed leaves,
green above, hoary on the under surface. The
flowers are Aster-like, arranged in star-like white
heads, each about half an inch across, along the ends
of the branches. When the fancy sets in for orna
mental shrubs this will be inquired (or.

SOLLYA PARVIFLORA. — Amongst the very large
number of handsome garden plants introduced from
Australia the subject of this note is not by any
means one of the least desirable. It is, however, but
seldom seen. The slender thread-like climbing stems,
with narrow leaves, and the beautiful deep bright blue
flowers form a most attractive combination. The
species is not diflicuU to grow, and requires but little
space in which to develope. A good plant nicely in
flower is now to be seen in the Temperate-house at
Kew.

GRAPES AND TOMATOS.

In addition to the Bexley Heath and Dartford
Heath nurseries, with the immense extent of glass
they contain, Mr. LaJds has now started one at
Swanley, which promises to soon vie with the Bexley
establishment in the amount of glass which it will con-
tain. Last autumn Mr. Ladds bought 19 acres of
land adjoining the railway here, close to the Swanley
station. It is high and dry, on a nearly level plateau,
on one of the swells of high ground with which this
part of Ivent abounds ; not a tree or any other object
is there for a long distance to interfere in the least
with sun or air. In September building was begun,
and how the work was proceeded with may be judged
by the fact that by spring fifteen span-roofed houses,
each 200 feet long by 17 wide, and one 5S6 feet long
by 25 feet wide, were finished and planted with Vines
and Tomatos. The fifteen stand ends north and
south, side by side, the eaves adjoining in two blocks,
which are only separated by a space some 4 or 5 feet wide.
Each of the two blocks, composed of seven and of
eight houses respectively, consists of an outer wall of
9-inch brickwork, ends and sides alike, something
over 3 feet high. On this rests a plate o( wood
9 inches by 3, and which is clipped by stays made of
strong flat iron, the bottom ends of which are
T-shaped and embedded in large masses of concrete
below the surface, inside the walls, and at about
7 feet distance from them. These ties are about
15 (eet apait, and are calculated to bear an immense
strain, such as a strong wind acting on the large
extent of roof cannot fail to cause. At the eaves of
each of the adjoining spans there are the usual strong
timber uprights on brick footings, which support the
eaves of the roof, and which are about 10 inches
apart, so as to admit of the hinged (lap which acts in
the double capacity of a continuous shutter for the
admission of air, and as a footway for getting
along to do the requisite repairs. A purline com-
posed of i-inch gas piping runs the length of the roof
on each side, midway between eave and ridge, and
fixed to each o( the roof bars by a strong iron staple.
These purlines are attached to uprights, standing
15 feet apart, of the same kind of iron piping, wiih
X-shaped ends embedded in concrete blocks similar
to the side stays.

In this way the long 200 feet stretch of roof in
each house is not only supported, but, what is of equal
importance, is held down ; the need of which during a

gale of wind is not always sufficiently provided for.
The glass is 21 oz., 17 inches by 13, bedded in putty,
but none is used above. Each block of these houses
is alike in construction. The top ventilation is pro-
vided for by means of lights hinged to the ridge, each
worked by a pulley, with a balance-weight made of
2 feet of iron pipe, 2i inches diameter, filled with
cement. The two blocks of houses are braced
together with iron stays across the 4 or 5 feet space
already mentioned as separating them ; these clip the
wall-plates of each.

The big house is similar in construction to those
already named, both as regards the walls and the way
in which it is stayed with irons clipping the wall-plates,
and let into blocks of concrete ; but to further
strengthen the roof the purlines, besides being sup-
ported and held by the uprights let into the floor,
are tied together by cross bars at intervals of 15
feet. The roof ventilation is similar to that of the
other houses, and the walls are provided with air-
shutters on each side.

The water supply in all these houses is economically
and amply provided for, the inch pipes mentioned as
being used for the purlines are made on one side of
each house to convey water, with taps and screw con-
nections every 10 yards, to which can be attached a
hose pipe ; the supply is obtained from the water
company. Mr. Ladds finds that the labour of carry-
ing costs more than what he has to pay the com-
panies, lOi/. — per 1000 gallons in one of his places,
^lJ. in the other.

Five of the 200- feet houses were planted on both
sides at the beginning of March with one-year-old
Gros Colmar Vines ; these have made good even
growth, and reached the top some time since ;
the other ten houses were planted later with Black
Hamburghs raised from eyes this year — the big bouse
with Gros Colmar, also from eyes ; these are moving
nicely, but all the houses are filled with Tomatos in
full bearing, planted in rows 2j feet apart across the
houses, just leaving a path down the centre of each :
they are trained to strings stretched from the floor to
the roof, and are bearing an amazing lot of fruit. As
will be easily understood the dry condition of the soil
necessary for the Tomatos in their fruiting stages is
too dry for the Vines, especially the latest planted
ones from eyes this year, and which had not the
chance of getting away like the year-olds whilst the
Tomatos were in their earlier stages. But the crop
of Tomatos is of so much consequence that this year
the Vines have to stand second in consideration ;
they will be cut well back at pruning time: next
season the companion crop will be Cucumbers,
which, in their turn, will have to conform to the
requirements of the \^ines, which will be prepared for
bearing half their length the summer following.

Where Vines .are grown to such an extent as here
described, it is obvious that border making, as
ordinarily done, is out of the question ; it thus
becomes necessary that not only should the soil be
naturally suited to the growth of the Vine, but that it
should also be of a sufficient depth with — in addition
if possible — a subsoil that will afford natural drainage.
The nature of the soil in this part of Kent is such
that it could scarcely be surpassed, both in quality
and quantity, with here a bed of sandy gravel under-
neath. Some fourteen years ago, I understand, this
land was covered with wood, which was then cleared,
and has been arable ever since. Grape growers are
divided in opinion about the advisability of adding
dung to a new Vine border — some recommending its
use, but a greater number being opposed to it.
Mr. Ladds is not by any means amongst the
latter, as may be understood by the quantity
he uses : 160 tons of manure, part from the
London stables and part such as is collected from
the streets, was used for each of these 200-feet
houses, which collectively amounts to 1500 tons to the
acre and one-fifth, which is about the area enclosed —
a prodigious tiuantity, and which, it is needless to
say, has raised the ground considerably ; a like pro-
portion was applied to the inside of the big house.
The land was deeply trenched, and the manure mixed
evenly through it. By those who who do not approve
of rich borders the soundness of Mr. Ladds' pro-
ceedings would scarcely be credited ; yet he is not
experimenting, having abundant evidence in the Vines
he has now in bearing under similar conditions of soil
at Bexley.

For the last two seasons Mr. Ladds has forced
20,000 Strawberries in pots ; 100,000 are now being
prepared — the houses to grow them in will be built

this autumn. The Strawberries have up to this time
been forced at Dartford Heath, occupying a number
of 12 feet wide houses, each some 130 teet long.
Immediately the crop was gathered the plants were
turned out of the pots and dug into the borders, on
which they had stood, the partially exhausted bone-
meal mixed with the soil in which they were grown
now helping a grand lot of Tomatos, which were
ready to take the place of the Strawberries. Sixteen
houses in one block are thus occupied with this crop,
and ten others, similar in size, opposite to them, have
for some time been in full bearing. I was shown the
returns of the weight sold from this and the Swanley
place in six days, from July 7 to July 12, which were
— first size, 12,560 lb. ; second size, 966 lb., or over
6 tons. How many tons per week will be forthcom-
ing when the sixteen other houses at this place (not in
bearing when I saw them) come in, with sixteen more,
each 250 feet long, at Bexley, it would be difficult to
guess. Besides all these there are some 7 acres in the
open ground, most of which are now carrying fruit,
some having been gathered before the end of July.

After the Strawberries were got in at Dartford
Heath last winter but one, there were two houses
remaining more than there were plants to fill ; 100
maiden Royal George Peaches were purchased and
planted the first week in March, 1SS3, so as to occupy
both sides of the houses closely, with a view to their
being thinned out. By the autumn they had so far
filled the space that it was seen they could not remain
a second season ; every other one was taken up, and
two more houses planted with them. The progress
they had made in a single season from being first
planted may be judged from their having this year
given a crop of 400 dozen, which, as will be seen,
is four dozen to each tree— those that were moved
showing little difference except that the fruit was from
a fortnight to three weeks later ; these latter I saw,
and can testify to the beautiful crop of handsome fruit
just coming in,

The big vinery at Bexley, filled with Gros Colmar
and Lady Downc's, is again bearing an enormous
ct««p, considerably heavier than ever the Vines have
carried before. The bunches average from twenty-
four to twenty-six on a rod. Judging by the weight
borne in previous years in this house, Mr. Ladds esti-
mates the present crop at nearly 2i tons. The Muscat-
house, 130 feet by 25, standing near this, now presents
such a sight as requires to be seen to lie fully ■
understood — for the immense weight of the crop,
alike remarkable for the evenness of the berries and
bunches, which are as free from any that are stone-
less as the Alicante or Gros Colmar. Nothing short
of the extent to which the roots in these houses are
fed up to a little before the crop colours, could enable
the Vines to support the load they have on them.
The borders are dressed with different kinds of
manure during the season. Last winter sprats were
cheap, and 2 tons were laid on the Muscat border, and
pointed in 2 or 3 inches deep ; since then I under-
stand they have had two dressings, one with sulphate
of ammonia, and one niirale of soda, and at the time
I was there \\ cwt. of guano was being given to this
border, an inch or two of the surface loosened with
the fork, the work being being finished by a good
soaking of water laid on with a hose-pipe. Practice
and scientific research alike point unmistakably to the
advantages of mixed food for most plants, varying it
according to the nature of the kind of plant to be
dealt with, and the character of the soil it is grown
in. Vines are no exception to this, though they do
not by any means always get a mixture of manures,
Mr. Ladds is here clearly in the right track.

Two more houses near, each 160 feet by 25, filled
with Gros Colmar, two years planted, are this season
bearing their first crop ; like the other houses they aie
planted on both sides ; the rods were cut back to
half their length, and have been allowed to carry about
twelve bunches each, which, weighty as it is, the
Vines seem quite able to finish, judging from their
strength ; the berries are now well on with their
second swelling. Three other houses, each 300 feet
long by 25 feet wide, all Black Alicante, also two
years planted, and treated as have been the (Jros
Colmar in the last-named houses, with Tomatos grown
with them the first year, are quite as good in every
way as the Colmars, bearing half way up a similar
number of bunches, and as even as possible from end
to end of the long street-like houses.

The Grapes alone here will this autumn be a sight
such as has not before been seen in this country,
and will alford no slight evidence of the extent of the
demand. T. B.

August 9, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

175

COLONIAL NOTES.

UoNG Kong : Trees in the Vicinity of
Buddhist Temples, &c.— In some remarks con-
cerning certain remarkable trees at present only
known in the vicinity of liuddhist temples, the pre-
sence of these trees was attributed to their having
been introduced by the priests in their migrations.
Another view is, that these trees are really natives of
the locality where they are now found, and which
have been protected by the feeling of reverence for
holy places common to all races, and which have thus
escaped the ravages of the woodcutter or of forest tires.
On this point we are glad to be able to give the
opinion of one especially qualitied to give an
opinion. Dr. Hance writes : — " Willi respect to your
remarks about trees around temples the case stands
thus : I did say that, in places where the original
virgin forest had been gradually cut down, it was only
in the immediate circuit of temples that specimens of
the almost extinct arboreal vegetation were preserved,
and this is a statement that any competent observer,
who is also a botanist, will confirm. But I did not
say that no trees found in temple precincts had been
brought by Buddhist priests in their migrations. On
the contrary, some few years since I described from
the grounds of a temple at Ilang Chau a fine Cas-
tanopsis, sent me by Bishop Moule, naming it
C. tibetana, relying on the distinct assertion of the
monks that it had been introduced from Tibet by
pilgrim ecclesiastics. I think this will clear up any
misconception as to my views on this matter. Now-
a-days I fancy the prilrailk has very much deterio-
rated, and that there are few whose ideas are
sufliciently above tea, rice, and greens to lead them
to admire a graceful tree, and endeavour to introduc-
it to their native monasteries. H. F, Ilamc, Hong
Kon^, June 7. "

^^\ flouiai|

The hailstorms and the low temperatures which
occurred in July, have unfortunately tended greatly to
destroy the bright appearance which the flower garden
presented earlier in the season, so much so that the
tenderest plants, such as Coleus and Alternanthera,
have changed from a brilliant crimson to the dullest
brown ; and even the Pelargoniums and the more hardy
plants were for a time checked in their growth and
bloom, nor is the effect even now at all satisfactory,
for in consequence of the comparatively low earth
temperature the root aclioa is weak, and under
powerful sunheat we are now getting the plants imme-
diately droop and many of the tenderer subjects, such as
Mignonette, Tropxolums, and Iresines die off alto-
gether from sheer exhaustion, although the soil is
quite damp and the roots healthy, but inactive. To
remedy this evil the surface-soil should be loosened,
so as to allow the moisture to escape and admit the
warmer air. A slight shade with evergreen branches
over those plants which flag under bright sunshine
will also be found ad/antageous for a day or two, till
the proper earth temperature is again attained and
root-action is more vigorous.

Daily, almost hourly, attention is now required in
the removal of decayed leaves and flowers, the
presence of which either in the parterre or herbaceous
borders is always most objectionable. All irregular
growths should also be immediately tied, pegged, or
removed, and all walks and grass should be main*
lained in the best possible order.

As the time for propagating the autumn stock is
now nearly at hand due preparation should be made
for this purpose, not only by having cold frames
ready at hand, but also in providing a moderate hot-
bed for such subjects as require it, and when trimming
the plants such cuttings should be propagated by
introducing a few at a time as opportunities occur.
Slill continue the propagation ot the spring plants
by seeds, cuttings, and division, so as to recruit the
amount, amongst which there is always great losses
;ven when treated most carefully at the spring
emoval.

Lawns and walks should now receive special
attention, the season having been so conducive to
grass and weed growth ; the mowing-machine, as well
as the hoe and roller, should be kept constantly at
work, so as to produce and maintain perfect order
and neatness, T. S. C.

ardon.

Walnuts in nimy districts are a splendid crop ;
those who still pickle their own will now find them
in excellent condition for that purpose, and the trees
will be benefited by being relieved of half their crop.
So long as a table-fork will pass into the fruit they are
fit for pickling, but if it is delayed till the shell begins
to form it is too late. In southern counties the great
heat will soon finish the Gooseberries; we find Philip
I. and .Smith's Nonpareil two very excellent late kinds.
This month (with the exception of Morellos) will see
the end of the Cherries. The Florence is a very fine
kind, ripening on a north wall here, just now very
sweet eating, short like a Muscat Grape, and nearly
as good. The Belle Agatha ripens later on, and
neither birds nor wasps will touch it. That fine
old Bear, the Jargonelle, will be ripe in a few
days, and it must be borne in mind that its season is
very short, and it is quite useless to attempt to keep
it beyond a week or ten days. After this kind comes
Beurre GiHard, a most delicious kind. As the bush
fruits will soon be over, one is glad of these, and early
Apples to help out the dessert. During this month
we have Mr. Gladstone, Juneating, Devonshire
Cjuarrenden, Astrachan, and the Irish Peach. These
last two are sweet and tender in the flesh, and if
worked on the Paradise stock they come soon into
bearing, and such bushes growing only to a small
size allows a great variety to be grown on a small
space. In speaking of Plums in our last, we
quite forgot to mention the very earliest here, viz.,
Precoce de Tours, which is a most delicious kind,
and has, notwithstanding the adverse season, yielded
a fine crop on a tree with a south aspect. This month
the Castle Kennedy Fig ripens, and the fruit must
either be netted or put into muslin bags to preserve
them from thrushes and blackbirds. Peaches on the
open wall will now begin to ripen, at least the eailiest
kinds. In gathering these the trees should be gone
over daily ; in doing so place the four fingers under
the fruit, and if it is ripe it will fall into the hand. As,
perhaps, no fruit is more easily bruised than the
Peach, they cannot be too carefully handled before
appearing at dessert. If there are several kinds to
choose from lor packing, that known as the Malta
will stand the journey better than any other we know,
and it is, moreover, a good grower and of excellent
flavour. We would here remark that good ripe fruit may
be eaten at all times and seasons with impunity, nay,
with benefit to the human system ; but fruit which has
got stale and shows signs of decay is most dan-
gerous, and it is the duty of the gardener to be cau-
tious in this respect, and see that what is daily sent to
his employer's table is " good for food and pleasant to
the eyes." y. /kus^, Eiidge Castle^ Siesiex,

through the latter. The seed of Lamb's Lettuce
should be sown thinly in drills I foot apart and I inch
deep in a warm border about the middle of the
present month, as also the seeds above relerredTo j
water through a fine rose in the event of the weather
rendering it necessary at the time of sowing orafttr-
wards. Turnips (Carter's Jersey Marrow and Jersey
Lily are two excellent winter varieties) should also be
sown about the middle of this month to yield a supply
adequate to the demand during the winter and spring
months. Continue to sow Radishes, Mustard and
Cress in a warm situ.ition ; the latter we find comes
up better when shaded with a mat for a few days after
sowing. At soon as the seedling, of Cabbage
Lettuce and Fndive— the result of the seed sown late
in July— are large enough to handle prick them out
in small beds, and guard against the ravages of slugs
by dusting a mixture of new soot and lime along the
side and ends of the beds, and so soon as the young
plants of Lettuce and Fndive become large enough
let good breadths be planted of each sort for autumn
and winter use — the former to be lifted with balls of
earth adhering to the roots and transplanted in cold
pits and frames upon the approach of frost. Con.
tinue to make plantings of Broccoli, Savoys, and
winter Greens as the ground for that purpose becomes
vacant, also Celery (from late sowing) and Leeks,

Seed Sowing, Planting, &c.— The beginning
of next week in cold districts, and a week or ten days
later in warmer localities, will be a good time to
make a first sowing of winter Spinach, and again
about ten or twelve days later in shallow drills not
less than from 16 to iS inches apart. About the
18th or 20th of this month Cauliflower and Lettuce
seeds should be sown on a warm border for wintering
in pits and frames, and to be transplanted under hand-
glasses and in the open in early spring. For this
purpose we preler Early London, Walcheren, and
Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower, the latter to fill
the blank that otherwise might, and frequently does
occur between the supply obtained from the autumn-
raised plants and those raised in heat in January ;
the Lettuces, the black-seeded Bath Cos, Cooling's
Leviathan Cos (a select variety of the former). Hick's
Hardy White Cos, and Lee's Immense Hardy
Cabbagc^four good all-round winter varieties. These
sowings, however, should be made a few days earlier
or later than the dates above given, according as the
situation is cold or warm. The seeds should be sown
thinly rather than otherwise, to prevent the plants
from damping-ofl' when they come up through being
too close together, and be protected from the ravages
of birds by a piece of netting supported by short
iurky sticks to prevent the former getting at the seeds

TCMATOS. — The weather which we have experi-
enced during the last couple of weeks, while promot-
ing growth in the plants has been unfavourable to
the setting and developing o( the fruit ; we are, how-
ever, gathering good supplies of fruit from a few dozen
plants which had their fruits half grown when we
planted them out, at the same time we made our
general planting with smaller plants, and which have
supplemented the supplies previously yielded by plants
grown in pots under glass. Attend well to the thin-
ning and stopping of the shoots and leaves, so that
anything like overcrowding of either may be avoided,
and that the fruit may be fully exposed to the influ-
ence of the sun, upon the presence of which so much
depends ; and see that the shoots are tacked to the
wall with nails and shreds as soon as they require it
to be done, otherwise they will be liable to get
damaged by the wind. My experience of Tomatos
is, that if the thinning and stopping of the shoots and
leaves are neglected — that is, if they are allo*ed to
become overcrowded — both shoots and leaves, especi-
ally if the season be a wet one, exhibit symptoms
(blotches) of the disease in consequence. These
affected parts should be at once cut clean away, and
the wounds and plants duslcd over with a mixture
of lime and new soot, which will arrest the spreading
of the blotches. I specially mention this fact so
that if any of your readers' plants may happen to be
similarly affected they may, instead ofquietlyobserving
the progress of the disease, or, it may be, consigning
the plants forthwith to the rubbish-heap, they may
be induced to take action in the matter, not only by
contesting the right of the enemy to be in the field,
but also by asserting their right and power to drive
him out of it.

General Work.— Peas and Beans intended for
seed should be gathered as soon as the pods show
signs of ripening, and be placed on shutters in pits or
frames where they can have the sashes drawn over
them to protect them from rain ; or in dry sheds,
where they can be shelled, labelled, and stored away
on wet days. The old haulm should be cleared
away, and the ground, by Dutch-hoeing and raking,
be put in readiness for the planting of late Broccoli.
Clip Box edgings in kitchen gardens, in either round
or square fashion, but in either case it will be necessary
to use a line and good taste in the operation ; and
according to the manner in which it is performed
so also will be the effect, good or bad. Early Potatos,
which, like the late ones, are in consequence of the
heavy rains now showing signs of the disease,
should, where not already done, be taken up, sorted,
and put away on the sfielves in the Potato-house
— those intended for seed in one place, and those
for table use in another. A portion of the ground
thus cleared will come in for the winter crops of
Spinach and Cauliflowers. A vigorous war must now
be waged against weeds, which, owing to the recent
heavy rains, fruit-picking and other pressing work,
are more plentiful than desirable in most gardens at
the present time, and in the destruction of which a
couple of willing hands with the Dutch hoe can
show good results for a day's labour. See that Lettuce
plants are tied up in good lime with a piece of mat-
ting, to get the heads well blanched ; and that Vege-
table Marrows and ridge Cucumbers are cut before
they get loo large for u«e : in-lerd, tt-ca-' -tioiild he
rut rather un.ler than uver-siiuU. //. /K il'ard,
LQHi^ford CaslU,

176

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

r Rojal Horticultural Society : Meeting of

t Fruit and Floral Comniiltt;cs, at ii am. ;
Collacers' Show,
Clay Cross Horticultural Society's Show.
Farrin^jdon Horticultural Society's Show.
WFUKPsniv Am,. 15 J Sale ol Dutch Bulbsand FlowcrinB Orchids,
WMNESDAy.ALC 13 J a, Stevens' Rooms.

{Maidenhead Horticultural Society's Annual
Sal^ of Imported Orchids from Mr. F. San.
der, at Stevens' Rooms.
C Sale of Established Orchids, ormed by the
PumAv A„„ ,e J late W. Terry, Esq.. at Stevens' Rooms.

rilDAY, Aug. \t,J 5^1^ ^f Imported Orchids, at Prolhcroo &

( Morris' Rooms.
Saturday, Aug. i6_ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

THE Colouring of Grapes is a subject
which always excites the interest of gar-
deners, the more so that it is dependent to a
large extent upon causes which are less under
the control of the gardener than are other
matters. The border may be properly con-
structed, the water supply may be sufificient,
the temperature may be properly regulated, and
all the cultural details attended to, but if light
be deficient the result is not satisfactory,
and it is just this element which the
gardener is the least able to regulate properly.
Some experiments made in Italy, and sum-
marise d in a recent number of the Journal of
the National Horticultural Society of France,
are of importance with reference to this matter.
The experiments were made in various ways.
The Grapes were enclosed at different periods
in tin boxes so as to exclude the light entirely,
while in other cases the action of diffused light
was permitted by coverings of light can-
vas, the temperature in each case being
noted. The Vines in this case were grown in
the open air, the leaves being fully exposed to
the light, so that their functions were in nowise
artificially interfered with. Bunches of two
varieties were enclosed in tin boxes, as above
stated, some just before the expansion of the
flowers, others after the flowering period, and
others again just as the berries were beginning
to colour. The berries were analysed, and the
analysis compared with that of berries grown
under different conditions at two different periods,
viz., that at which they began to colour, and
that when the berries were completely ripened.
One hundred berries were analysed in each
case, with the following results :— In all cases
where the berries were grown in shade, their
development was retarded as compared with
those grown under ordinary conditions. The
quantity of acid contained in the juice of the
berries shaded till they began to colour, was
always less than in the case of the berries
allowed to grow in the ordinary way. More-
over the colouring of the berries was always in the
main retarded by darkness, with certain varia-
tions. When the berries were completely ob-
scured soon after flowering, other conditions
being equal, they remained small, coloured
tardily, the amount of acid and of sugar being
much less than normal. The berries and the
stalks also contained much less tannin or
astringent matter than usual.

As to the berries light exercises no influence
on their development or period of ripening
after they have begun to colour. There are,
therefore, two periods in the formation of the
berry in which the action of light is entirely
different. Light acts powerfully from the flower-
ing period to the time when the berries begin
to colour ; it is less active from that time to
the period of perfect ripening. This is e.\em-
plified by the following figures.

One hundred berries of Grapes grown under
normal conditions yielded at maturity 22.92 parts
ot sugar. One hundred berries grown in dark-
ness from the flowering state gave only 18.03 of
sugar. The same number of berries takne from a
box in which the bunch was exposed to diffused
light (not shaded), and therefore exposed to a
higher temperature, only yielded 14.49 grammes
of sugar. One hundred berries grown in the
dark from the time they began to colour, con-

tained a larger proportion of sugar than those
grown under natural conditions, viz., 27.38
grammes of sugar when the temperature was
the same as that of the external air, but only
25.47 grammes when they were subjected to
a higher temperature.

The proportion of acid was 1.625 grammes in
the case of the berries shaded just prior to or
shortly after flowering, and 1.446 in the case of
those allowed to ripen in the dark after they
had begun to colour.

The general conclusions drawn by the experi-
menter, M. PoRTELE, are these ; — (i), the Vine
may flower and ripen its fruit in the absence of
light ; (2), the influence of light on the berries
is quite different according to their stage of
development, that is to say — (i), from the
flowering period to the time the berries begin
to colour ; and (2) from this time till they ripen.
Light is essential in the first stage, it is much
less influential in the second.

It should be borne in mind that the first ot
these conclusions has reference to a climate in
which the amount of light is always great,
but it will not apply to our cloudy uncertain
summers, where the light is rarely more than
sufficient, and generally not that, to secure
the proper carrying out of the first stage. Of
course, all due allowance must be made in
applying these principles in this country under
such very different conditions. Ordinary black
Grapes will ripen fairly well in the comparative
but in the case of Muscats, they colour better
when exposed to as full light as posssible.

Halesia HispiDA. — This fine hardy shrub is

perhaps best known under the name of Plerostyrax,
but we think gardeners will, quite independently of
botanical grounds, be inclined to thank Messrs.
Bentham and Hooker for reducing the genus to the
more easily remembered name of Halesia. Halesia
hispida is a hardy Japanese shrub of recent introduc-
tion, with numerous white Deutzia-like flowers in
long terminal racemes. A peculiar appearance is
produced by the arrangement of the flowers on one
side only of the branchlets of the inflorescence. The
botanical history of the plant is well known, and our
illustration (fig. 34) is sufficient to show the general
appearance of the plant. It is decidedly one of the
best recent additions to the number of hardy deci-
duous flowering shrubs. For the specimen whence
our figure was taken we are Indebted to W, E.
GUMBLETON, Esq.

Fall of the Leaf. — Amongst other cases

of premature fall of the leaf, a very curious one has
occurred in Hypericum uralense. The lower parts of
the leaf become dry and yellow, and at the margin
there are pale brown spots, bordered by a dark
brown line, and beyond this a bright red halo. There
are abundant perithecia on some of the spots, but,
unfortunately, neither Mr. Broome nor myself have
been able to find perfect fruit in them ; for the pre-
sent, therefore, we hesitate to give it a name. Like
others, though now in the month of August, and
after repeated thunderstorms, we have not seen the
slightest trace of the fatal Peronospota, though we
have constantly watched for its appearance. Hyperi-
cum uralense has stood several winters unharmed, and
from its neat habit and pretty flowers it is a very
desirable plant for the hardy border. M, J, B.

Hablitzia tamnoides.— Some plants have

such a strong and characteristic individuality that, in
spite of the smallness or inconspicuousness of their
flowers, when taken singly they are attractive and even
handsome when seen in a mass. The Hablitzia,
when it has attained proper dimensions, may well
claim the attention of cultivators, as an isolated
specimen, or for grouping amongst shrubberies, or else-
where to relieve the monotonous outline of low grow-
ing plants. It is remarkable and altogether anomalous
in the order to which it belongs by its tall climbing
habit. The small greenish flowers ate produced in
great profusion all over the upper part of the stems,
and are very effective in their way. The plant is so
anomalous in character that authors differ as to its
relative position in the natural classification, whether

it belongs to the Goosefoot family or should be
included amongst the Amaranths. Only one species
is known to science— a native of the Caucasus. A
fine specimen may be seen in the herbaceous ground,
Kew.

Ivies. — Those intending to plant Ivies on

walls of limited areas, or in which there are many
window openings and doorways, should be cautious
not to employ rank-growing varieties like H.
Kegneriana, H. amurensis, H. algieriensis, H. pal-
mata, or H. poetica, but rather to choose the smaller
H. helix, H. caenwoodensis, H. rhomboidea, H.
digitata, H. agglomerata, or the fine-foliaged sorts.
The large, strong growing varieties of Ivy produce
shoot and foliage so fast, when once established, that
it is a tiresome affair to keep them within proper
bounds, as the shoots will creep into the minute
spaces between woodwork and stone or brick, under
tiles and slates, and commit great havoc in a season
if not kept well within the allotted space. They give
also an easy means by which rats and mice can get
into a building, and when they are old they are of
service to the burglar in entering a house by the
upper windows. With the weak growing, more
delicate kinds, attention, such as has been men-
tioned, is not so needful, so that the householder
has one matter the less on his mind — a considera-
tion of some value in these days. A great growth of
Ivy covering a roof is thought to be a pretty looking
object by some people, conveying to them possibly
some idea of a retreat away from the busy haunts of
man, a castle of Sleeping Beauty or other nice but
impossible place. But as a matter of fact the rustic
looking Ivy-covered roof is an unmitigated nuisance,
for the Ivyshools uproot the slates and tiles, making the
roof leaky, of course to the damage of the woodwork
and ceilings beloMi, and the foliage becomes the haunt
of all the vagabond sparrows, rats, bats, or other
vermin about the place. Here they are safe from
nolestation from below, and increase and multiply
exceedingly.

Impatiens flaccida. — A white-flowered

variety of this has been grown in gardens for some
time and disseminated under the names of I. alba and
I. platypetala alba. I. platypetala was introduced to
this country nearly forty years ago, and has tuberous
roots and whorled leaves. The subject of this note,
of which the type may be seen in the Begonia-house
at Kew, is a bushy herbaceous plant with diffuse or
spreading branches and scattered leaves. The central
stem ascends in a beautiful zig-zag direction, and,
together with the lateral branches, is stained with red,
presenting a marked contrast to those of the white-
flowered variety, which is pale green. The flowers,
too, are a pleasing shade of purple, and so distinct
from those of the variety as well as from the popular
I. Sultani, that all three are not only admissible but
even desirable in a collection of stove plants.

Ficus REPENS. — The difference between the

small-leaved form of this plant, so often seen on the
walls of stoves (but which, by the way, is nearly
hardy), and the large-leaved form acquired when the
plant is grown as a shrub, is so astonishing as to be
almost incredible to those who have not seen the
change and the intermediate stages. The shrubby
form occasionally produces fruit, as in an example we
figured in our volume xiv., p. 560. We are indebted
to Mr. B. S. Williams for specimens of the plant in
all their stages, with the fruit.

Canadian Plants. — In Mr. Macoi;n's

Catalogue of Planls of Canada, which so far only
includes the Polypetate, no fewer than 907 species
and 243 genera are enumerated. The catalogue is
issued at Montreal, under the auspices of the Geologi-
cal and Natural History Survey of the Dominion. In
view of the reviving taste for hardy plants, and in
view of the necessity for looking to our forest sup-
plies, this catalogue ought to be of great value, while
the British Association visitors will be glad to be
reminded of the existence of such a book even in its
present incomplete state.

Chrvsobactron Hookeri. — If we could

imagine our native bog Asphodel three or four times
magnified in stature and robustness, a pretty correct
idea would be formed of this Goldeu-rod from New
Zealand. The leaves, however, are long, linear, and
channelled, instead of being flat, and more or less
sword-shaped, as in our native representative. The

Adgust 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

177

Fig. 34.— HALESIA HISPIDA : HARDV shrub : FtOWERS WHITE. (SEE p. 176.)

178

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 18

raceme of starry yellow flowers studded with the pure
white anthers commence opening from the base up-
wards, and keep up a long succession of bloom as the
stem elongates. The flowering period is lengthened
if the weather is cool, or if the plant is grown in a
cool moist position, fully exposed to the light, but
more or less screened from the full glare of the sum-
mer sun. It is an appropriate subject for the bog-
garden, seeing that it frequents rich alluvial plains
and the banks of water-courses in its native country.
It flowers yearly on the new rockery at Kew, and was
figured many years ago in the Botaniial Ma^^^azine^ t.
4602.

Government Cinchona Plantations in

Java. — A report on the Government Cinchona
plantations in Java states that the number of trees at
the end of 18S3 was 3,299,500, as compared with
3,305,200 in 1SS2. Ledgeriana formed by far the
largest proportion of the varieties cultivated, Succi-
rubra standing next, and then ofKcinalis ; after
which came Calisaya and Hasskarliana, and the
lowest number belonging to lancifolia. The Govern-
ment now sells by auction at Bandong the seed not
required on the plantation. In consequence of the
increasing cultivation of the Cinchonas by private
enterprise the seed has been in great demand, and on
this first auction as high a price as 2 florins per
grain was paid for some lots from the original Ledger
trees. During the second quarter of the year con-
siderable damage was done to the trees by an insect
called Ilelopeltis Antonii, but by exterminating the
insect as far as possible, and removing the infected
trees or branches, the evil was overcome. As an
accessory means the ground was thoroughly harrowed
and manured.

Orchid Prices. — The following prices were .

realised at the sale of Mr. Bockett's Orchids by
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris on Friday last : —
Phala:nopsis Portei, ;^2I ; Cattleya exoniensis x ,
;£i8 i8j. ; Cattleya gigas, Norman's variety,
£■12 IS. 6J. ; Lcelia anceps, Dawson's variety, £j Ts ;
Dendrobium Griffithianum, £<j 19J. bd. ; Cypripe-
dium Fairrianum, ^19 igj.

Excelsior LA^VN Mower. — The Secretary

to the Glamorganshire Agricultural Society writes
that this implement, shown by Messrs. Chadborn
& CoLDWELL, was Highly Commended.

WooDSiDE Nursery, Finchley.— The

annual holiday of the employh of this nursery was
held at Harpenden, on Saturday, August 2, when the
single members managed to beat their married
competitors at cricket.

SOLANUM Jamesii.— This is one of the

tuber-bearing species which have lately attracted
much attention, as possibly furnishing a means of
obviating the severity of the Potato disease. It is a
native of Arizona, and has glabrous, unequally
pinnately divided leaves, with narrow segments and
white flowers. It is seemingly of slender habit, and
its tubers are stated to be of excellent flavour. The
plant is figured and described by Sir Joseph
Hooker in the July number of the Bolankal Mai^a-
zinCf tab. 6766.

Ai'PLES. — After wide experience of the very

indifferent character of the Apple crop in the metro-
politan market gardens we were not a little surprised
to find, when traversing a portion of Bucks the other
day, that in not a few orchards and gardens Apples
were positively plentiful. Especially was this the
case about I'arnham Royal and Burnbam, some trees
here and there literally hang^ing with the load of
produce they bore. In Mr. James' garden at Wood-
side, lying as it does truly under the shelter of a
wood, three large Blenheim Grange trees are carrying
a fine crop, and some small trees of various kinds are
well fruited. Not only are such crops general in that
district, but we noted with much interest in the woods
remarkable crops of wild Crabs, their existence even
at that unripe stage showing conclusively that boys
are far less abundant in that locality than they are
nearer London Obviously the natural deductions
to be drawn from the comparative abundance of
Apples in this well wooded district are these : — That
the trees have abundant shelter ; that the force of
sweeping easterly winds is much broken by many
alternating belts of trees ; that high and drier localities
are better placed for Apple culture than are those
situate at a lower and consequently moister level ; and

that the region of woodland is warmer than is the
district where woods and forest trees are discoun-
tenanced. Almost every year brings sad experience
of the treacherous nature of our spring seasons, and
none has been more deplorable as far as fruit tree
crops are concerned than the present year. That
some localities should prove even partially exempt
from the general failure seems to point to considera-
tions well worthy of examination.

South Australian Gardeners' So-
ciety.— We have received the annual report of this
flourishing Society, which is highly creditable to the
Colony. We append a list of the papers read, as
there are many societies in the Mother Country of
greater pretensions that would do well to imitate what
is done at Adelaide ; —

Twenty-five meetings in connection with the Society
have been held during the year — three being special
committee meetings, and twenty-two ordinary monthly
and additional interim meetings — at which discussions,
ike, took place as follows ; —

]uly 7. — Exhibition of microscopic objects.

July 19. — Paper on " Potting ; " also discussion on
" Oxalis ccrnua."

August 4. — Discussion on " Potting ; " also discussion
on " Oxalis cernua" continued.

August 16. — Discussion "Diseases aftecting Apples,"
and further discussion on " Oxalis cernua."

September r. — Paper on " Pruning," read and illus-
trated by diagrams on a blackboard, followed by dis-
cussion.

September 20. — Paper on " Vine-pruning " read and
discussed.

October 6. — Paper on " Pruning Fruit Trees and
Roses," illustrated with sketches specially prepared, and
a branch from a Pear tree showing system of pruning for
past five years.

October 18.— Paper on " Glasshouses for Plant-grow-
ing " read, and followed by discussion.

November 3.— Subject of " Pruning " fully discussed.

November 15. — Paper on " Glasshouses for Plant-
growing " further discussed.

December r. — "Observations on Flowers, &c., on ihe
Table," by the various exhibitors.

December 13. — Paper read on the " Pelargonium."

February 2. — Short discussion on ' ' Oidium and the
Santapola Vine," and paper on the "Pelargonium"
discussed.

February r4. — Paper containing " Reminiscences of a
Trip in Victoria " read and discussed.

March i. — Paper read, entitled " A few words about
Bees."

March T3. — Discussion on various plants, including
the Fuchsia, Petunia, &c.

April 5. — Paper on " Bees" discussed.

April 17. — Paper on " Garden Walks " read.

May 3. — Remarks on " Bees," by Mr. Howard.

May 15. — Two papers read — "The Almond in South
Australia," and "The Influence of Fungi on Vegetable
Organisms."

Trop.kolum speciosum. — This beautiful

perennial, looking, when in fine bloom, like a scarlet
cloud on bushes over which it may be allowed to
ramble, grows seemingly best near the sea, in
positions screened from the rough winds. Its
successful cultivation in such maritime localities
would seem to point to the advisability of planting it
in those, wherever practicable— the mild equable
temperature, together with the saline properties of the
air suiting the nature of the plant better than the
conditions to be had in inland sites,

RuBUs chaM/EMORus. — A valued cor-
respondent in the Lofoden Islands sends us specimens
of this curious little species, of dwarf, almost shrubby
habit, destitute of prickles, the leaves orbicular,
somewhat palmately lobed, dentate, and of a rich
bronzy-red colour. Even more striking is the fruit,
very large in proportion to the plant, being about
I inch in diameter, like a common Blackberry, but of
a bright orange colour. To us the fruit seems rather
insipid, but upon the borders of the Arctic circle one
cannot be too particular as to fruit, and this fruit
forms a valuable resource for the natives, who collect
and preserve it. It is a plant rarely met with in
Scotland.

Ottelia ovalifolia. — The species of this

genus only number six or seven, yet- they are
widely distributed in the tropics o( both hemispheres.
This seems to be the only one introduced, which is to
be regretted, since it belongs to a very neat and
attractive class of aquatics. The flowers are
ephemeral in their duration, opening in the morning

and shrivelling up towards night, but the plant is
very prolific, throwing up in succession its large white
flowers which are marked wiih a purple spot at the
base of each of the three inner perianth segments.
The flowers may be compared to those of our native
Frogbit, but aie two-sexual, whereas in the latter they
are only one-sexual. The leaves radiate from a
solitary crown, and resemble those of Potamogeton
natans, one of our commonest pond weeds, in shape
but not in colour, being a dark green. The runner-
like branches by which the Frogbit muliiplies so
rapidly are here absent. The Oitelia may be seen in
the tank in the Victoria-house at Kew.

■ • Eremurus AUitANTiACUs. — In the new

rockery at Kew a plant of this has been flowering
finely for some time. It was added to the collection last
year through the medium of Herr Max Leichtlin,
who is well known for his liberality in the distribu-
tion of new or rare plants. The three-edged glaucous
leaves are very narrow, and form a tuft at the base of
a naked flowering stem of some 3 or more feet in
height. The yellow flowers form a long raceme, that
commences flowering from the base upwards, produc-
ing a continual succession of bloom for some consider-
able time. The plant is grown in a moist peat bed
well shaded from the afternoon sun, and appears to
enjoy its position. There are other species, and some
with white flowers. All are stately objects, but
require cultivation in pots or else a cool moist bed
out-of-doors in the neighbourhood of London, on
account of the dry, warm climate.

The Potato Crops. — The reports of the

condition and prospects received from so many diverse
quarters of the United Kingdom, and published by
us last week, show singular unanimity as to the com-
parative absence of disease, the wide area of the
drought and consequent reduced produce in all early
kinds, and finally the very promising appearance of
the late sorts, the which, so far, are everywhere show-
ing luxuriant growth, and, so far, little or no evidence
of supertuberation. Thus all things point to a
splendid crop of the national tuber, and through that
a notable addition to the food of the people. To
have reached the end of July with reports of disease
seen of only the most inconsiderable kind shows a cir-
cumstance in the history of modern Potato culture
well worthy of comment. There is eveiy prospect
that, with a good corn crop, one of the best for
many years, we shall see a wondrous Potato produce,
and these two things combined must help to keep
food cheap through the winter. With only very
moderate prices ruling for home produce the outlook
for the foreign Potato grower is not fascinating, as
whatsoever he may be enabled to accomplish early in
the season yet when he has to compete in the market
with our abundant crop his chance is poor indeed.
With plenty of cheap and wholesome food the people,
and the poorer section especially, may well find some
spare cash to spend in other directions, and it is
hoped trade generally may thus revive. It is worthy
of remark that some of our fungoid correspondents
have been either more anxious than gardeners to espy
the symptoms of the disease or more successful. In
any case the almost universal mention in the reports
of the absence of disease so far shows that it has had
to be sought for to be found. One thing is certain,
that more really ripened leafage may now be seen
than has been the case for many years.

LONICERA SEMPERFLORENS MINOR. — What

is being grown at the Handsworth Nurseries, Sheffield,
under this name is represented by a charming Honey-
suckle bearing large clusters of red and golden
flowers ; it is distinctly fioriferous, and of vigorous
growth. Trained over wire trellises, as it is seen
here, it makes an excellent specimen and decorative
plant. It is always in bloom, and it does well in a
cold house with Lipagerias. It is a very useful and
attractive form of the Trumpet Honeysuckle, and is
well worthy the attention ol plant cultivators. It
makes an admirable plant for a warm con-
servatory.

Summer Stocks. — We saw the other day at

Woodside, Farnham Royal, a very beautiful mass of
summer Stocks, in many colours, and pyramidal and
giant branching in habit, the proportion of doubles
being very large, and in development all that could
be desired. These were from seed furnished by Mr.
ROEMER, of Quedlinburg, Germany, and represent
a grand strain. The colour varied from puic while

AirnusT 9,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

179

through canary, rosy-cream, carmine, red, crimson,
pale blue, puce, light purple, and violet, with several
other hues, and all very pleasing. We fear there are
too many gardens that are innocent of the rich per-
fume arising from such a mass of Stocks as this, and
sadly lack the beauty and rich hues ol colour inci-
dental to their presence ; yet a trifling outlay for seed
will enable any one to have as fine a display as
greeted us in Mr. James' garden.

Cyclamen Corms.— We noticed also that in

frames there were planted out a laree number of
selected Cyclamen corms, with the object of breaking
them well before repotting. Mr. James holds that,
so treated, the old corms break up more strongly and
regularly than when put dry into pots. The soil is
loose and sandy, and is kept just moist on the sur-
face, whilst the lights are shaded during strong
sunshine. One or two corms lifted showed strong
fleshy roots starting downwards, thus evidencing that
they were doing well. In about a month they will be
lifted and potted. Several beds of a grand strain of
red-lJowered pyramidal Mignonette evoke admiration,
and a considerable eft'ort is being made to induce
fancy and show Pansics to do well. Though the
position is warm, the soil is naturally cool, moist, and
holding — conditions not often found in our southern
districts.

M. LuciEN Linden.— We are happy to con.

gratulate M. LuciEN Linden, of Ghent, on his
mariiage with Mdlle. MARGUERITE VAN DEN HovE,
of Ghentbrugge.

ScABiosA CAUCASICA VAR. AMCENA. — Per-
haps this is the handsomest of all the cultivated
Scabiouses. It grows about a couple of feet in height,
has long stalked lanceolate lower leaves, and pinnate
cauline ones. The flower-heads are very large, the
outer flowers being remarkable for the large size of
the three-lobed lower lip, in colour a rich blue purple.
The type was introduced to cultivation many years
ago by LODDIGES, and was figured in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 8S6.

Baskets of Flowers. — Generally at flower

shows a very pretty exhibition results from a class for
decorated baskets— a class specially suited to display
the natural capacities of women to ornament with
flowers the best rooms in their houses. Floral
baskets are, perhaps, of more recent introduction
than vases and epergnes, and may well have origin-
ated with the common practice on the part of ladies
of using baskets with which to collect their flowers
from the garden for domestic decoration, and the
pretty unstudied results which sometimes flow from
their use. Still it is evident that something more
than mere unstudied labour is necessary to produce a
prettily dressed basket, and we are not sure whether
in this work there is really not a greater field open for
the display of feminine taste than can be found in vase
decoration. In dressing a basket with flowers it may
well be thought desirable to give to the arrangement
an air of negligence, just as though the flowers had
been cut and placed in the basket for some other use.
To produce such an arrangement requires real art.
On the other hand, elaborate efTort to obt.ain specially
dressed effects in a basket is exceedingly bad taste.
Too much material, and too much elaboration in
its arrangement, produce faulty results that should
always be condemned. We were very much surprised,
the other day, to see that a very prettily dressed basket
was rejected from the first place because the exhibitor
had not dressed the handle with flowers. Surely
handles are intended to carry baskets by, and though
a twist of any simple climber may be pleasing round
them, smothering them in flowers is absurd. Judges
should remember that baskets are intended to be
useful as well as ornamental.

Gooseberries on Waste Walls. — There

are many who prefer ripe Gooseberries to other
kinds, and there are few who despise a good
dish of mellow Gooseberries on the dessert-
table, when the sort is right. One matter in
favour of Gooseberries is that they are not parti-
cular as to the place they grow in ; they will
thrive and bear freely where most other fruits will
only exist without giving much or any return. Against
a north wall, for instance, they succeed well, rarely
failing to bear abundantly, if the position is not
darkened by trees or other surroundings, or the oppo-
site—of being too much exposed to cutting blasts.

Yet how often may such walls be noticed with
nothing on them, or occupied by fruit trees of some
sort or other that do not yield as much fiuit as would
pay for the shreds they are nailed with, but where, if
Gooseberries were in their place, a crop would
seldom be looked fur in vain. The fruit has one
property so well known as scarcely to require naming
— the ability to keep on the trees for so long after it is
ripe, with the help of a little cheap netting to keep
the birds off. We know gardens where, by utilising
spare bits of wall of the description indicated, an
acceptable addition is made to the dessert until far
on in the autumn. In such seasons as this, when the
crop of Plums and Pears in many places is all but
nil, a good supply of late Gooseberries would be
doubly acceptable.

Staciivs COCCINea.— Although frequently

not able to withstand the variable temperature of an
English winter, this Mexican species is decidedly a
plant which it is safe to recommend for general culti-
vation. A pot of cuttings wintered in a cold frame
makes certain of the species, and the young plants
soon attain a good size, and produce a profusion of
large bright scarlet flowers. It was introduced to this
country in 1800, and was figured in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 666.

Lathyrus TUiiEROSUS may be salely recom-
mended as one of the best and most ornamental
members of the genus Lathyrus. As, however, the
tuberous roots are somewhat difficult to eradicate
where the plant once obtains a thorough footing, it is
as well to plant it in such a position where it may be
allowed to develope without danger of its becoming a
nuisance. If planted in a semi-wild spot or by a
hedgerow, it produces a profusion of its richly coloured
flowers and forms a very handsome object.

Lilacs for Forcing. — The best plants

for this purpose are not those that are to be
found growing in shrubbery borders, although these
are not infrequently recommended for the purpose,
but as they are very generally rough specimens that
have received no particular preparation, the crop
of bloom is but scanty. Moreover, the plants make, if
used for decorative purposes, a disappointing feature
in any arrangement in the greenhouse or conserva-
tory. It will be found a far better practice to dig up
yearly a few well rooted suckers of good sorts (the
Persian is very good for forcing), to trim them up much
in the same way as Gooseberry cuttings are prepared,
only they should be 2-5 feet to 3 feet in length. These
should be planted in well prepared ground, at dis-
tances of about 2 feet apart. The spot chosen should
be sunny and open, it can hardly be too warm for
them. The standard form of training will be found
the most appropriate for a decorative object, and is
that one in which the growth ol shoots can be best reg-
ulated and the balance of growth preserved. Should
shoots spring from the roots they must be pulled up,
and any side growths on the stem should be pruned
back to a leaf or two. In two seasons, if they have
been properly attended to, the plants will have made
nice bushy heads and comparatively stout stems
These little standard stocks will form capital subjects
for buddingor graftingsuperior kinds on. Among these
latter are the double ones of recent introduction, of
thoroughly ripened long shoots, that may be depended
on to produce plenty of bloom. Strength in these
main shoots will be best secured by ruthlessly cutting
away all weak useless inner shoots, as is done in the
case of the Rose. A rich mulch round each little
tree will be of benefit in light gravelly or sandy soils,
but in heavy ones it is detrimental, as keeping the
sun's heat out of the soil, and thereby hindering the
ripening of the wood. Watering must be attended to
up to the end of July in very dry weather. All potting
should be done as soon as, or just before the leaf falls,
pots and tubs being used just big enough to hold the
ball of roots, allowing for a little packing of loamy
soil. After forcing the plants should be kept in a
cool house till April, when they may be returned to
their places to grow again for two summers before
being used,

Arenaria gypsophylloides. — The white

flowers of this species are not at all handsome indi-
vidually, but they are produced in such profusion in
branched panicles as to render the plant a decided
acquisition in the mixed border. It grows about
14 foot in height, and its rather long slender grass-

like leaves assist in giving it an airy grace which is
absent from many of its more showy relations.

Grand Yorkshire Gala. — The balance-sheet of
the Grand Yorkshire Gala, at York, for the current
year, hasjust been issued, and it being a document of
an important and assuring character, is worthy of
notice. The sum of/^542 15^. 6./. was paid as prizes
and judges' fees ; /"7S for bands ; Z270 for the hire
of marquees and other erections; and .{^100 for fire,
works. In addition i,%a was paid for the hire of
ground ; and there is a large total of other necessary
expenses. The receipts at the gates during the three
days the exhibition was open amounted to ^{,"1400,
and a further sum of ^2 15 was derived from other
sources. The promoters of this great and successful
enterprise have now in hand the handsome sum of
^1750, the great proportion of which is invested, and
at a meeting of the guarantors and life members,
recently held, it was decided to present the sura of
^25 each to two of the York charities. The Society
is therefore in a very satisfactory financial position.
It has been proposed to the committee that the
National Rose Society should hold an exhibition at
York next year, a proposal which, it is believed, will
be most favourably entertained. Ye impecunious
societies up and down the country, struggling with
manifold difficulties, take courage and hope for the
best.

■ — - Presentation to Mr, Austen. — On
Tuesday evening last a handsome Oak sideboard,
together with an album of portraits, was presented to
Mr. Austen on the occasion of his leaving the
gardens at Ashton Court, near Bristol, to undertake
the direction of those at Witley Court. The presen-
tation was made by Mr. Webley, the Secretary of
the Bristol Chrysanthemum Society, at a dinner at
which a large number of Mr. Austen's friends and
colleagues were present.

Publications Received. — Illinois Crop

Prospects. —Vick's Illustrated Monthly. — Sciince
Monthly.— T/ie Asclepiad. — The Jersey Gardener,

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Aug. 4, 1SS4, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has been generally fine and bright
over south-western, southern, and eastern England,
but cloudy or dull elsewhere. Very little rain, how-
ever, has fallen in any part of our islands. The
temperature has been about equal to the mean in
"Scotland, N. ," but 1° or 2° above it in all other
districts. The maxima, which were' recorded on
August I or 2, varied from 6S° in "Scotland, N.,"
to 81° in the " Channel Islands," 83° in the
"Midland Counties" and " England, S.," and
84° in " England, E." The minima were registered
in most places on the 4th, and ranged from 40° in
"Scotland, N.," to i;i° in " Scotland, W.," and li"
in the "Channel Islands." The rainfall has been
considerably less than the mean in almost all districts.
Bright sunshine has varied from between 13 and
20 per cent, of the possible duration in most of the
W. and N. districts to 36 in " England, E.," 42 in
" England S.," 44 in "England S.W.," and 56 in
the "Channel Islands. Depressions observed: —
Very few depressions (and those small and shallow)
passed over our islands during this period, but a
rather extensive disturbance was observed to be
travelling northwards, outside our extreme western
coasts, on the 1st and 2d, causing the wind, which
had previously been light and variable, to blow
freshly or strongly from between S.E. and S.W., at
all our western stations, and with moderate force from
the same quarters in other parts of the country. As
this depression passed away from our coasts the wind
became light or moderate from the westward oifer the
whole kingdom.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. T. Garnett,
late of Pound's Gardens, Devonport, as Gardener to E.
S. Hett, Esq., Cavendish House, Clapham Common.
— Mr. Nelson Church, late Foreman to Mr. Cooper,
at Highbury, Birmingham, as Head Gardener to W.
E EvERlTT, Esq., Fenstall, Bromsgrove, Worcester-
shire.—Mr. David Burns, of Carton Gardens, May-
nooth, to be Gardener at Farnham House, Co.
Cavan.— Mr. Bethell, late Gardener to Sir Richard
Wallace, succeeds Mr. Austen at Ashton Court,
Bristol.- Mr. W. Prior, lately Gardener at Butterby
Hall, has retired, in consequence of changes in the
proprietary. Mr. Prior's address henceforth is Rip-
ley, near Derby.

i8o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, ii>S4.

CURRAGHMORE.

This is a suggestive name in most parts of Ireland,
but particularly in the South. The word itself is
of Gaelicorigin, and means the "great marsh." Appro-
priately, as ii to connect the present with the long
dark mediaeval past, bunches of Rushes and Sedge
grass are allowed to greet the eye some distance in
front of the courtyard. There are few families that for
at least two centuries fill so large a space in Irish
history as the Beresfords — as landlords and great
Irish nobles in the tented field, like Field-Marshal
Beresford ; or in the more sober walks of peace, as the
late Protestant Primate of all Ireland ; or the hero
of a thousand hairbreadth 'scapes, like Lord Henry.
But however alluring historical reminiscences may be,
and however tempting a peep into the Dark Ages may
seem, your journal is more concerned with gardening
and collateral matters, and as a visitor to one of the most
remarkable places in this or any other country, I
merely here jot down a few hurried recollections from
that point of view. The size and vastness of the
desraesne is one of its most striking features. The
drive in a right line from one lodge to the opposite is
said to be more than 3 English miles ; while the
boundary wall encloses 16,000 acres. The walks and
carriage-drives are said to be more than 30 miles long
— work for a man and horse driving briskly a whole
day. Foxes are protected here, and both hare and fox-
hunting have been possible within its extent alone.
I understand the time is not long past when sixty
hunters were always stabled at Curraghmore, and
twice that number of brood mares, stallions, and
fillies, in preparation. The huge riding-school is still
here, a vast structure, and many a groom and jockey
recently disemployed, when his lordship, the present
Marquis removed his hunting establishment to
England, are hoping to see again, what they speak
of as " the good old times." But I must not digress
further from the subject proper. Accompanied by
some gardening friends, and a small party, we drove
from " rare Clonmel," taking the Waterford Road,
and skirting the silvery Suir, with a view far into
Tipperary, and through one of the richest, best culti-
vated and smiling valleys, that much more travelled
thanes than the writer have declared they have ever
seen.

Admission, especially recently, at any of the lodges
can only be secured by special order or a pass from
the head forester (Mr. Robinson), which in all suitable
cases, it is to be presumed, is readily given. One of
the striking features here and there, driving along
through the vistas of great old Oaks or patriarchal
Pine trees, is the splendid crops (wherever a stretch
is broken for the purpose of maintaining the fertility
of the land) to be observed in the distance. Prac-
tically, therefore, the noble Marquis is a patron of
stock, grain, green, and grass farming on an immense
scale.

One of the sights the visitor may chance to see is
the large herd of deer, that sniff the breeze and career
to the highland slopes, for here there are hill and dale,
open space and thickly planted woodland. A stranger
here without a guide would be as certain to go astray
as he would if dropped for the first time in Covent
Garden !

Driving towards the gardens, and leaving the
court square, pleasure grounds, and accessories until
later, when we might have the company of the
respected head gardener (Mr. R. Fairbairn), we
admire, as we proceed, one of the great beauties of
the place — the winding and snake-like bends here and
there of the small river Clodiagh, with its playful
fishes. Placid, small, and peaceful, it now meanders
after two months of dry weather, but at other times
the stream rushes fast and furious. Looking down on
its varied smiling or troubled breast are many giants
of the forest.

I should have stated that one of the great attractions
of Curraghmore consists in its immense old forest trees
— trees that have seen many weary centuries come
and go, trees that the oldest inhabitants only remem-
ber as "just as you see them now." Some Firs and
Pines on our way seemed to our accompanying friends
to tower away 200 feet towards heaven — in reality they
must have but fallen fractionally short of that. On
the bank of the river, and near the garden entrance,
is one of the finest Cedrus atlantica argentea that has
yet come under my notice.

Though a considerable distance from the mansion,
in years gone by, whoever selected the site for the
houses and vegetable grounds must have been no

mean judge. They are on a warm southern slope,
entirely closed against all bad winds, and cover about
10 acres. On the highest ground is the " improvers' "
bothy, and some distance beneath a handsome resid-
ence for the head gardener, already named. Though
some years built, it has been as yet only occupied by
a Fairbairn — the present occupant succeeding his
brother, who some years ago left to take up the seed
business in Carlisle. There are thirteen large houses
and about a score of pits or frames, most of them heated
underground from one of Weeks' large No. i boilers.
I may as well say at once that, except you were pre-
pared to place at my disposal a special number, I
could make no pretence to describe their contents.
Pine growing has at all times been a speciality here,
and two large stoves are generally occupied for fruit-
ing. We hear of Pines being sold in the London
market for fabulously low prices, but one may venture
to predict they are something very inferior to Mr.
Fairbairn's. He has framed in his sitting-room a
Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society of
London for an Enville Pine weighing 9 lb. 6 oz.
Smooth Cayennes and (Queens here, as elsewhere, are
very certain bearers and general favourites, and, what
is always so desirable, perfectly robust and free
from scale or bug. It is easy to understand why
Pines grown here are preferred to anything to be had
in London, especially to the imported, which last are
comparatively said to be as good as a " sweet Tur-
nip." In the vineries here, too. Black Hamburgh is
the sheet-anchor Vine. The early house was disposed
of in May, then the succession Hamburghs and
Muscat of Alexandria — very fine crops. Gros Col-
mar, very diiHcult to colour, is all that could be
desired ; and Lady Downe's, in a cool house, seems
likely to bridge over the Grape year. Mr. Fairbairn,
it may be worth noting, attributes his extra Vine
success this year to top-dressing bis Vine borders with
some loads of fowl manure before the fibrous roots
began to feed. Before leaving the stoves I may note
a method of growing Tomatos for early use deserving
of imitation. Over the pathway, on a line with the
eaves, and so placed as not to interfere with every
ray ol sun and light, was placed a shallow wooden
box running the whole way, and containing just as
much feeding material as was necessary, and no more.
In this the Trophy Tomato was planted, and has
been supplying his lordship's London establishment
for a long time past. The few that remained seemed
to indicate that this variety is a first-rate one for early
work.

The sight from the entrance, too, must have been
brilliant. Adjoining was a very healthy, promising
Stephanotis, blooms of which are always welcome in
London. This reminds me I gathered that the
demand for cut flowers, &c., during the " London
season " seemed enormous. Usually four large boxes
have to be despatched every day, the packing re-
quiring considerable care and supervision, adds,
where necessary, much to a gardener's responsibility.
This is a department of gardening well worth the
notice of the horticultural Press, and which is sel-
dom referred to ; the successful packing of fruit,
when to be sent considerable distances, I have been
assured by a Covent Garden fruiterer, not one gar-
dener in fitly can do to perfection. To meet this
demand, especially for cut flowers, some things have
to be grown in enormous quantities. Pelargoniums
and Fuchsias fill a house ; there are several houses,
pits, and frames of Ferns, the preference being given
to those useful for cutting, as Adiantum cuneatum and
A. gracillimum. Here I would notice where table
decoration has to be attended to by the gardening
staff, a very useful arrangement of Lycopods, c&c, in
tin devices, to suit the size or shape of the
tables or designs. Selaginella denticulata is a little
beauty used in this way, always handsome, and
requiring little care. Foliage plants, such as Dra*
csenas, &c., are largely used for the same purpose,
and when kept clean it is surprising what a useful
thing Nerium Oleander elegans is. I may here stop
to ask what has become of the white variety, which I
cannot remember to have recently seen referred to ?
Outside whole squares are occupied by such things as
Deutzias, Salvias, Spirjeas, Chrysanthemums,' Ericas,
&c., lor winter work ; while Tea Roses that have
given baskets of flowers are getting their wood
ripened and hardened. It was utterly impossible in
one day to see the vegetable and fruit garden as
well as the flower ground, &c., around the court, so
we preferred the latter. Formerly, I understand.
Lord Henry, and subsequently Lord John, in busy

times, had as many as seventy hands in the gardens
and grounds — generally forty were permanently
employed ; now Mr. Fairbairn has to try to look
after this immense place with something less than
half the number. No doubt, rents are not paid as
formerly, and too frequently economy commences in
the garden ; but I must avoid such a debatable topic
as the payment of rents, and, with you, regret it
should affect gardening prospects.

A considerable lake flanks the pleasure ground, but
only a fraction on the opposite side is bedded out, and
would be unnoticed in the vast extent. One of the
largest beds is formed of succulents, alternated with
Coleus, Menthas, Mesembryanthemums, Herniaria,
&c. , the design being very effective. Herbaceous gar-
dening is also patronised, but we were unable to reach
it, having a return drive of 20 miles. The most con-
spicuous feature in front of the court, and in the
centre of the flower ground, is the immense fountain
which some of your readers may possibly remember
in London, at the first International Exhibition,
inaugurated by Prince Albert and Sir Joseph Paxton.
This was purchased by the late Lord John, and
erected, it is said, at an expense of about ^,5000. It
is supplied with water from a lake in the hills some
3 miles away, and the imagination must try and
picture the brilliancy of the scene when the various
ideal mermaids and sea nymphs commence the play
ol their various hydrants in the rising or departing
sunny glow. Before leaving we were privileged to
see the shell-house — certainly the most remarkable
sight observed. On our way we had to pass two
monster allegorical bronze figures, that serve as senti-
nels— wolf dogs in deadly grips with the wild boar
and Irish wolf. The shell-house is so-called from
having innumerable shells, principally marine ones,
embedded in the cement that lines the interior. The
height is about 20 feet, and is dimly lit from small
windows above. In the centre is the statue, life-size,
in pure white marble, of Kathleen, Countess of
Tyrone, the fair lady that built this in 260 days,
exactly 130 years ago. In hurriedly closing, you
must allow me to acknowledge the courtesy we
received, especially from Mr. and Mrs. Fairbairn.
W, y. Murphy, Clonmel.

FRUIT NOTES.

Strawberries. — In the interesting notes on
varieties of Strawberries grown at Mentmore (p. 107)
the writer states that Triomphe de Paris, President
de la Cour, and James Veitch are varieties of no
particular merit. I cannot say that I agree with the
writer in his condemnation of these varieties, for with
me, on a light soil, this season, all have turned out
well. It is true Triomphe de Paris is not a prolific
variety, but under good cultivation it yields very
large and good-flavoured fruit. I had rows planted
this last spring side by side of President de la Cour,
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, and Pioneer. The
first-named yielded a prolific crop of very fine fruit.
With me this is a strong grower, as well as a good
bearer. I have a two-year-old plantation on a
heavier and cooler soil which even exceeded the latter
in fruitfulness and quality. I forced a hundred plants
of this variety this last season, and found it an excellent
variety for the purpose. I have potted ofi a much
larger quantity this season. As regards Pioneer, I
am not very favourably impressed with its outdoor
qualities, but I know a friend near me who forces it
on an extensive scale, and judging from what I saw of
the plants when in bearing, I consider it an excellent
variety for forcing. Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury
comes in the earliest of all the varieties I possess, but
does not produce very fine fruit, or in quantity, on
our light soil. The Countess, too, is a shy bearer.
Loxford Hall Seedling is decidedly the finest late
Strawberry we possess. This bore very well, although
planted late this spring, and on light soil, but then I
mulch liberally with well-decayed manure, and give J
abundance of water in dry weather. I am glad to see I
that our old varieties, Sir Joseph Paxton, Sir Charles
Napier, and Bicton Pine, come in for their well-
deserved share of praise. These good old sorts will
undoubtedly hold their own against new-comers for
some time yet. Before closing these notes I must iiot
omit to mention that grand improvement on British
Queen, Dr. Hogg, a much hardier and more prolific
variety than the former. The alpine (red and white)
Strawberries are not grown so extensively as they
ought to be. We grow these on a large scale, and
with very little trouble can produce a dish of .Straw-
berries daily from the latter end of May until Novem-
ber. It is a most prolific Strawberry, and can be
grown on banks, or any fpare corners, and their tiny

August 9, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

181

fruits will be appreciated when their larger brethren
have ceased to yield, T, W, S.

Pear Grand Soleil.— This is figured in the last
number of the Bulletin (CArboricultttre. It is a first-
class Pear, ripening in November, of medium size,
regularly pyriform, with a short stalk set in a shallow
basin. Skin light reddish-brown, flesh white, melt-
ing, perfumed, slightly acid.

Alexander Peach. — Having had for the last
three years a tree of Alexander, and one of Hales'
Early, growing in a cold Peach-house under exactly
the same conditions, I think I may confidently aflirm
that not only is Alexander an excellent Peach, as
all will agree, but that it is distinct from Hales' Early
in several points. First and foremost it is fully ten
days earlier than Hales' Early, and each year there
has been the same difference; secondly, the fruit of
Alexander is larger, and with a brilliant red on the
sunny side, while Hales' Early deepens to purple
when fully exposed. Both are slightly clingstone,
and both excellent in juiciness and flavour. E. H.
Woodhall.

brick and a half thick to prevent their bursting. The
usual size is i6 feet wide and high, and 40 feet in
length, outside measure. The time occupied in filling,
burning, and emptying a small cone is about three

J4ojvlE jI)0RRE3P0)yDE]^CE.

The Wordsley Wonder Pea. — This early blue
wrinkled marrow Pea was sent out during the present
year by the Messrs. Webb & Sons, of Stourbridge,
It is a robust growing variety, and, being of a free
branching habit, the seed should be sown thinly
in the rows so that the haulms, from 2\ to 3^ feet
high, according to soil and weather, may have
proper room to develope themselves and to fill the
handsome curvilinearly shaped pods with which they
are heavily cropped, and which contain from nine to
twelve large Peas, each of good colour and the finest
flavour. In short, this is a Pea that is likely to be
extensively grown when it becomes better known,
especially by market growers, on account of its dwarf
habit, great productiveness, and good constitution.
I shall try it with the earliest varieties next year, and,
all being well, report the result in the columns of the
Gardeners' Chronicle. H. W. Ward^ Longford
Castle,

Double Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums. — While
fully agreeing, from a few years' experience — indeed
there were none, I believe, five years ago — with all
you urge in commendation of these (p. 146), permit
me to add at least one that I consider a greater
acquisition than any you name — I mean Comtesse
Horace de Choiseul, raised if I remember aright by
M. Lemoine, and issued in this country about three
years ago from the well-known '* Home for Flowers."
I prefer it to any other as a basket plant, as the colour
is a warm rose, with a brilliant satiny surface to the
petals. If well cared for they are enormously large
in the trusses. I have not seen them yet, but do you
not think the effect would be remarkable to plant
them out and train them up conservatory pillars ?
The Comte, same name, makes a desirable pot plant
also. W. J. Murphy^ Clonmel.

Charcoal Kilns. — In answer to the enquiry of
a correspondent about charcoal making, we offer two
illustrations that show a method of manufacture diflfer-
ing from that usually adopted, which is that of burn-
ing on the bare ground, and covering with soil or
sods to exclude the air. These kilns are made of
brick, one course being sufficient, bands of iron or
timber framework being added to strengthen the brick-
work with greater economy. The usual style is
conical, and the size is 24 feet in diameter, with an
equal height, holding about 40 cords of wood. The
difference in price is \\d. per bushel in favour of these
kilns as compared with the usual mounds, the burner
being furnished with the use of the kilns, and the
timber standing, the kiln burning costing i\d.^ and
the other 3l</. The kilns must be lined to about half-
way up with firebrick, the cost of which will vary
with the locality,lbut will be about ^^200, and as 40 to
50 bushels of coal have been made per cord the extra
yield on good charcoal and the lessening of the cost of
making soon covers any extra outlay on the cost of the
kilns. The wall of the kiln {fig. 35) is carried up
nearly straight for 6 feet when it is drawn in, so as to
become bluntly conical. Upon the top a plate of iron is
fastened in the manner of the keystone of an arch,
and bands of iron are passed round the kiln and
drawn tight with screw bolts and nuts to strengthen
it. Double doors of sheet-iron are made at the
bottom and near the tops, by which it is either filled
or emptied, and a few air-holes (b), which may be
stopped with loose bricks, left in the bottom. The
second figure (fig. 36) shows a kiln of another shape
made to burn 3000 bushels of charcoal, or about 80
cords of wood. The shape is a parallelogram, having
an arched roof, and it is strengthened by a framework
of timber 10 inches square. As the pressure of the gas
is someiimes very great, the walls must be built a

Fig 35.— kiln fur burning charcoal.

Fig. 36.— KrLN for burning charcoal.

weeks, and four weeks is required for the larger

ones.

Postal Box. — Our illustrations (figs. 37, 38) show
a cheap and efficient style of box in use in Germany.

Fig. 37 — rosTAL box, closed.

Fig. 38 — ro^TAL box, open.

It consists simply of two pieces of cardboard, each
moulded, by immersion in hot water, into a dish-like
form, and strengthened in the interior by four strips of
wood fastened together so as to form a loose frame.

The plant is placed within the loose frame, and the
shallow dish-like boards form the covers, which are
kept in place by string. A'.

The Fruit Crops. — These are again a miserable
failure when compared to the beautiful and plenteous
bloom we had in all our fiuit tree departments. Apri-
cots had a splendid bloom, but even with careful
protection are with us a failure, and so also in the
neighbourhood. Plums, after so promising a bloom,
are, both on walls and standards, a complete failure.
The leaves and shoots were for a long time crumpled
up, as if a hot singeing blast had passed over them,
and require a considerable amount of hand labour to
free them, so that they may have a chance of forming
growth and fruit-buds for next year. The earlier
varieties of Cherries all shared the same fate ;
Morellos, being later, are better, or were more fortu-
nate in passing through or between the successive
devastating waves of cold. Pears, to use a sailor's
phrase, were swept away clean by the board. Apples
evidently had the advantage of a comparative lull in
the storm, but they, too, had a rough time of it, as only
the more hardy varieties have succeeded in establishing
anything like a crop. Small fruits, such as black and
red Currants and Gooseberries, are thin, but they are
of very good quality. The earlier blossoms of Rasp-
berries were nipped, so that in some instances the
fruit was gathered from auxiliary blooming. Straw-
berries fortunately fared better, and where the beds
were well watered and mulched — with tan or other
material — before the dry weather set in, were gathered
in great abundance. Quantities of jam were made,
and I hope every child, during autumn and winter,
will have bread and Strawberry jam without stint. It
was Dr. Butler, or, if not he, some one else, who said of
Strawberries, '* DoubtlessGod could havemade a better
berry, but doubtless God never did." The season is
a favourable one for all kinds of vegetables— Peas,
Beans, Potatos, Cabbage, c^c, in great and rich
profusion ; Lettuce in abundance, and crisp and cool
as "cat ice" on a frostymorning. We are now amongst
our fruit trees, tying, thinning, pinching, etc., pre-
paratory for another year ; for although we have for
the last few years been very much disappointed, still
like true Britons we are not yet either dismayed or
disheartened —

" For fruit tree battle once begun,
Bequeathed from skilful sire to son,
Though baffled oft is sometimes won."

Win, Miller^ Coombs Abbey Gardens^ July 28,

Potato Disease, — The hot, dry weather of the
past week appears to have once more quite arrested
the growth of the Potato fungus, I have again visited
the South Essex localities near the Thurrocks, and no
trace of the mildew is to be seen. I have also gone
over the South Bedfordshire positions again, and not
a mildewed leaf is to be met with. In the bad
position near Dunstable, where the crops seemed in a
fair way to utter destruction, the growth of the mildew
has been quite stopped, the old disease patches on
the leaves have dried up and fallen to the ground.
A gardener to whom I spoke, correctly said that the
disease had not bad time during the few damp days
of July to reach the tubers from the leaves before the
hot dry weather again put a stop to its growth.
Everything once more bids fair for a grand Potato
harvest. Even the damp white mists of morning and
evening are absent from the positions north and east
of Middlesex, Last January (see Gardeners' Chronicle^
January 26, 1884, p. I2l) I sent you some Magnum
Bonum Potatos, perfectly sound outside, but full of
disease patches inside. The sharpest eye could not
detect any trace of disease in the skin or bark. How
could the disease have got in except through the haulm ?
The examples (a few out of many) were forwarded by
one of the largest firms of plant merchants in Britain.
One of the diseased examples I halved and planted
in my garden. The two halves have made fine plants,
each a yard across with no trace of disease. The
hybernating mycelium has not at present "gone up,"
no doubt it died suddenly, W, G. Smith.

Ten days ago I had one half of my crop dug up,

the disease having quite destroyed the growth, and in
some few places penetrated to the tubers ; since then I
have had the remainder dug up under similar condi-
tions. Last season I was able to keep it in check for
a few days by carefully picking off the few spots on
the leaves, but this season, with the rapid change of
extreme drought to the hot genial thunder showers,
the development of the disease was so rapid that
nothing could be done to check it. The crop was good,
and quantity all that could be desired. The disease
is quite prevalent around this part, particularly amongst
the early kinds, y. Tyerman^ Penlee House^ Tregonev,
Cornwall^ July 30.

Crvptogamic Society of Scotland. — The
tenth annual Conference will be held at Kelso on Sep-
tember 3, 4, and 5, 18S4. Fellows who have papers
to read at the Conference are requested to communicate
with the Rev. Dr. Stevenson. Glamis, Forfar.

t82

run GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

tAuGOsT 9, 1884.

REPORTS ON THE FRUIT CROP,

18S4.

{Continued frcjn p. 140.)

SCOTLAND.
Banff. — Appks and Pears are both generally
deficient in quantity, and what fruit there is is not
first-class. The failure is no doubt owing to the crop
being much too heavy last year, combined with an
absence of sun during the summer months, which left
wood and fruit-buds imperfectly ripened at the fall of
the leaf. Plums are good on sorts which did not bear
heavy crops last year. Victoria and Damsons are
the worst, Coe's Golden Drop, Gages, Jefferson,
Goliath, and Early Prolific are all plentiful. Apricots
are a large crop, clean and fine fruit. Peaches and
Nectarines are a full crop on some trees, growth
healthy and strong. Cherries of all kinds very good.
Bush fruits and Strawberries are all plentiful. J.
Webster, Gordon Castle.

Clackmannan. — The fruit crops in this district
(as you may judge from my report) are inferior to
what they have been for the past two or three seasons.
During the spring months the display of blossom on
the wall trees and standards looked remarkably well,
and had every appearance of a plentiful return of
fruit, but during the setting period most of the
flowers fell to the ground, and this accounts for our
unfavourable report. Small fruits, on the whole, are
an average crop. Strawberries are a splendid return.
Thomas Ormiston, Alloa Park.

East Lothian.— The only Apples beating a lull
crop this season are Lord Sufiield, Keswick Codlin,
Warner's King, Gloria Mundi, AUriston, King of
Pippins, and Oslin ; and in Pears— Jargonelle, Beurre
Ranee, Easter Beurre, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and
Gansel's Bergamotte on walls with west aspect. Small
fruits have been long in ripening, and with showery
weather now are difiicult to gather dry for preserving ;
Raspberries especially are an abundant crop. W,
Mck'elvie, Broxnioitth Gardens, Dunbar.

Inverness.— Owing to the wet autumn and mild
winter which we had here, the soft wood of our wall
trees — Peaches, Plums, Apricots, and Pears— did not
ripen well ; however, the early blossom gave promise
of an exceptionally good crop, which we endeavoured
to protect by canvas, with small success, owing to the
easterly winds to which they were exposed, and
several nights of hard Irost coming on during the
months of May and June, with a scorching sun by
day, which soon reduced our prospects of a wall crop
to its present standard. Our Apple trees were fairly
well covered with blossom, but the May and June
frosts soon thinned them. Cherries were well repre-
sented, and looked as if they had survived the frosty
element, but the fruit when about half formed began
rapidly to fall. Small fruit suffered very little by
frost, their most deadly enemies being greenfly and
caterpillar. Strawberries present a very good appear-
ance, but owing to wet weather prevailing here lately
they are somewhat hard and deficient in flavour.
Angus Macdonald, Baliiiacacan.

Mid Lothian. — Fruit trees generally flowered
freely and set good crops, but the heat and long
drought of June, followed by the heavy rains of the
last three weeks, caused great numbers of the young
fruit to drop off, leaving only a thin crop in most
cases. Insect attack was rather severe in the hot
weather, and helped to thin the crop in many orchards
and gardens. The best crops of Apples are on the
following sorts : — Warner's King, Lord Sufiield, Ilaw-
thorden, Cellini, King of the Pippins, and Cox's
Orange Pippin. Pears : Louise Bonne of Jersey,
Marie Louise, Easter Beurre, and Hessle. Small
fruits are. a fine crop, but Strawberries have been
much spoilt with the heavy rains of the past three
weeks. Gooseberries, Raspberries, and Currants are
abundant and fine, and clear of insects. Peaches and
Nectarines on open walls are a better crop than we
have had for many years, if the weather will only
keep warm enough to ripen them. Afalcolin Dunn,
Dalkeith.

Roxburgh. — With a few exceptions there was
never a better promise of the fruit crops than this
season, the trees being covered with an abundant
healthy bloom. I think the failure of Plums, Pears,
and Peaches must be attributed to the cutting easterly
winds and sharp frosts which prevailed during the
flowering period. Here, and in a few other well
sheltered places in the county, there is an average
crop of Apples and Plums. John Galloway, Minio
Gardens, fJaitnck,

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.

Northumberland. — Perhaps owing to the frost
we had in the end of April, fruit crops in this neigh-
bourhood are smaller than they v/ould otherwise have
been, wall fruit especially, with the exception of
Cherries, which ate very abundant and good. Pears
are nearly a complete failure. Thomas Bowie, Chd-
llni^hant Castle.

Durham.- Apples are a thin crop, but clean,
although small. Pears are likewise thin, and if a
good autumn do not favour us they will be a very
second-rate lot. Plums are thin and poor ; Cherries
are good and represent a fair crop ; Peaches, Nec-
tarines, and Apricots are very poor indeed, I might
say scarcely any ; Strawberries have been good, but
bad to get, owing to the frequent rain. Bush fruits
are thin, but upon the whole good ; the spring frosts
injured all. J. Hunter, Lambton Castle.

Yorkshire.— Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines
are clean, healthy, and good. Plums very variable,
Victorias generally a good crop. Cherries generally
a good crop, very filthy with black-fly. Apples a good
crop, clean and healthy. Pears generally a very
moderate crop, both on walls and standards. Straw-
berries abundant and large, and excellent quality.
Robert C. Kingston, Braniinghamthorpe, Brough,

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincoln.— Plums and Damsons fine bloom, but
all destroyed with the late severe frosts. Apples at
one time seemed like average crops, have fallen much
of late, but the trees are looking much healthier than
for these last three years, as also Peaches and Nec-
tarines, and all other kinds of fruit trees have a much
healthier appearance than for these last three years.
Geo. B. Tillyard, Broeklesby Park Gardens.

Norfolk.— The Apple crop in this district is very
partial, being full and good in some places, while in
others few or none are to be seen, the most abundant
bearers being Blenheim Orange, Irish Peach, Dr.
Harvey, and Winter Majetin. Pears generally are thin.
The best appear to be Winter Nelis, Ne Plus
Meuris, and Seckle. The latter in its season is sur-
passed by no Pear grown for flavour. Peaches,
Nectarines, and Apricots were never better. Bushels
were removed when small, and still the crop is
heavy. The number of Plums set was enormous, but
in consequence of the drought and other destructive
agents the trees have been considerably lightened,
and the only trees now bearing good crops are the
following :— Golden Drop, Green Gage, Victoria,
Pond's Seedling, Jefferson's, Orleans, and Damsons.
A. Lancaster, Holkham.

Suffolk.— The fruit crop, taken altogether, is
considerably under average in this neighbourhood.
Apples and Pears are, I think, in most places a
failure owing to the severe frosts we experienced
when the trees were in bloom. Peaches and Nec-
tarines, where protected, are carrying good crops.
Small fruits, too, have been abundant and fairly good.
J. Mill, The Gardens, Rendlesham Hall.

Essex. — There were very heavy crops of stone fruit
here both on walls and otherwise until April 23 and
24, when the ground thermometer registered 15° and
14°. 5 of frost, which also killed Apple and Pear bloom
in bud, Morello Cherries only escaping, which are very
good and plentilul. Plums, Peaches, and Nectarines
very good in orchard-house. James Vert, Audley
End.

HOME COUNTIES.

Kent.— The wall fruit was affected, as it so fre-
quently is, by white frosts, and attacks of insects also
injured it. Plums and Damsons are extremely few
and far between. The trees were attacked directly
the leaves appeared by the Aphis Pruni, which in
most cases entirely prevented either the fructification
of the blossoms or the growth of the tiny fruits after
fructification. The exceptions are those trees which
were washed with soft soap and quassia solutions,
upon which some fruit will be produced. Currant
bushes were also covered with Aphides, and their
fruit damaged to some extent, though the quantity of
the crop was not materially lessened. Some growers
washed these bushes in the same manner as the
Plum and Damson trees, with good effects. Nuts hang
very singly, especially Filberts ; Cob nuts are rather
better. Charles Whitehead, Barming House, Maid-
stone.

Middlesex, — One remarkable feature in the
Apple crop is, that although some varieties are

bearing fairly, it is not those which generally yield
when there is a failure with most kinds as is the case
the present season ; as instance, Keswick Codlin,
Manx Codlin, and Lord Suflreld, are in many gardens
this year bearing very little. King of the Pippins,
Cox's Orange Pippin, Northern Greening, and some
other favourite sorts, ate this season in most gardens
bearing much better than they usually do in b;d
Apple years. T. Baines, Fern Collage, Palmer's
Green, jV.

Herts.— Until April 22 fruit trees of all kinc's
looked unusually promising for abundant crops of
fruit, Pears and Plums setting freely ; but the severe
frosts from the 21st to the 24th, averaging from 11° to
16°, according to altitude, blighted all our hopes.
Pears and Pjums were the most injured. Apples not
being in flower generally are partial ; but upon the
whole under average. Victoria Plums also escaped in
a few places. Apricots and Peaches, where pro-
tected, set freely and promise to be good. Straw-
berries have also been an abundant crop and good.
Goooseberries and Currants heavy crops and good.
Walnuts and Filberts appear plentiful everywhere.
Richard Riiffett, Panshanger.

Surrey.— The fruit crop in this part is, with two
exceptions (Pears and Plums), good and plentiful.
Peaches and Nectarines are plentiful and good.
Apples are excellent and good. Although last year
was quite an exceptional one, this year promises to
excel in quantity and quality. The varieties that do
best here, taking the quality and free-bearing, are
Duchess of Oldenburgh, Lord Suflield, Stirling
Castle, Cox's Orange Pippin, Dumelow's Seedling,
King of Pippins, Hawthornden, Court of Wick,
Yorkshire Greening, Waltham Abbey Seedling,
Osier's Blenheim Orange, Herefordshire Pearmain,

Stone's Seedling. Pears bearing good crops are :

Easter Beurre, Ne Plus Meuris, Jersey Gratioli,
Winter Nelis, Beurre de Capiaumont, Louise Bonne of
Jersey, Prince Albert, Hughes' Prince of Wales, Ber-
gamot d'Esperen. Cherries are good. Gooseberries,
Currants, black and red, are very fine and heavy
crops. Strawberries, although the first spikes were
cut off by frost, turned out plentiful and very fine,
some of the fruit turning the scale at i\ oz. Nuts
are above the average. Plums are quite a failure, not
even a Damson to be found in the orchards. A.
Evans, Lythe Hill, Haslemcrc.

Bucks. — This is the worst fruit season we have hsd
for nine years. Plums in the district are a failure.
The Plums were in full bloom when the frost came,
and destroyed all in this neighbourhood. The fol-
lowing varieties of Apples are bearing good crops on
the Paradise stock : — Mr. Gladstone, Irish Peach,
Scalet Nonpareil, Yellow Ingestre, Lady Ilenniker,
Cellini, Cox's Orange Pippin, Lamb Abbey Pear-
main, Margaret, Warner's King, Rymer, D. T. Fish,
Worcester Pearmain, Ringer, Besspool, Henry
Morny, Emperor Alexander. 7. Smith, Afentmore.

Berks.— Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries, all
suffered very much from cold north-east and east
winds and frosts, frequently after storms of hail and
sleet, during the last week of April and beginning of
May. From April 10 to May i there were frosts
registered consecutive varying from 4° to 10°, 12° and
14°, on April 21, 22, and 23 respectively, when
the blossom suffered most. Cherry and Plum trees
have also been much blighted, but the wood of
Apples and Pears is good and clean, with promising
buds for next season. The small fruits have been very
abundant, but trees and fruit suffered very much from
blight until we had some thunder-storms, which
cleaned them. 7'. Jones, Royal Gardens, IFindsor,

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Hants. — It is something fresh in my experience to
have to write that Pears are a failure ; but what wonder
that such is the case now, when from the 20lh to the
end of April the minimum thermometer registered
24°, 22', 21°, and, on one occasion, iS", or 14° of frost?
Apples being later in blossom escaped, but only
partially, so many trees are fruitless. Peaches, Nec-
tarines, and Apricots, being well covered up with
canvas blinds, were saved. Plums are very thin, and
the trees terribly blighted. All other fruits. Straw-
berries in particular, have been excellent. W. Wild-
smith, Hcckfuld Place.

Wilts.— Excepting small fruit-;, such as Currants,
Raspberries, Gooseberries, and Strawberries, and
protected Peach and Apricot trees, the fruit crop of
1SS4 miy, hereabouts at any rale, be pronounced a

August g, 1884.]

T/-/^ G^J^DENIiRS' CHkONICLE

l§3

failure ; and judging from the information that
reaches me from various quarters, this statement will
be echoed through the Gardi-neii Chronicle from most
counties throughout the United Kingdom, as also will
the assertion that to the frosts of April coming after
the unusually mild winter is to be attributed the cause
of another remarkably bad fruit year. Plums have
sulTered even more severely with us than Apples and
Tears; of the latter, the only variety that has any-
thinfT like a crop is Glou Morceau, and of the former
Keswick Codlin. The following varieties of Peaches
and Nectarines are carrying fairly good crops on the
open walls, the trees having been protected while in
flower by blinds, raised and lowered by means of
ropes and pulleys, viz.: — Bellegarde, Teton de Venus,
Violette Hative, Early Louise, Sea Eagle Peaches ;
and Stanwick, Elruge, and Fine-apple Nectarines.
H. IV. Want

Devox. — The weather during the flowering period
was most favourable for the Apricot, Peaches, and
Nectarines— full crops of each. The foliage on the
two latter is belter than usual, and every promise of
a fine crop. Pears, with a very f^v! exceptions, are
a failure ; Plums entirely so, the aphis being unusually
troublesome. Early Cherries set a good crop, but
owing to the drought were not of very good quality.
Morellos shared the same late as the Plums and
Pears. A few trees on a wall more shaded from the
early morning sun, and therefore later in opening
their bloom, escaped, and ara carrying good crops.
Eush fruits have been excellent, especially Goose-
berries. The mid-season Strawberry crop sutTered
much from drought. The rain came just in lime to
save the principal fruit. Ours were doubly mulched
in the spring, but being on the side of a hill and very
light soil our moisture soon drains away. Figs are
promisin^^. D. C. Powell, Poivdcrham.

berries about here have been small, but of excellent
qiuli'y. yamci Muyfon, PencaU'iii<ky Truro,

WESTERN COUNTIES.

Worcester.— Owing to the late spring frosts the
crop of Pears, both on ihe walls and on standard
trees, is very light indeed, and many of the fruit are
scarred ; Plums also (with the exception of the local
Pershore Plum) are very scarce indeed. Apricots
are a good even crop, ripening up clean and free
from gum. Apples are a very heavy crop, more
particularly the Blenheim Orange, '.Vorcester Pear-
main, Hawlhornden, and Red Astrachan. Bush
•"ruils of all kinds are a very good crop, although in
places subject to blight. Strawberries a very heavy
crop but the late sorts much damaged by rain.
Walter Chili/, The Gardens^ Croome Cojtrl, Sevc> n-
stoke.

The greatest disappointment this year is

the failure of the Plum crop, which was destroyed
by frost when the trees were in bloom ; the trees
are also so badly blighted by greenfly that I fear
they will be permanently injured by it. Apricots are
abundant everywhere, no frost having occurred to
injure them when in bloom ; when the later frosts
came there was foliage enough to shelter the fruit,
which had set so abundantly. Of Pears there are
scarcely any, except on walls, where there is a nice
spiinkling of clean froit. All kinds of sm^U fruits
are abundant and good, also Walnuts. A. Barker,
Hindlip Hall, Worcester, July 24.

Monmouth.— Apricots which were protected with
a wide glass coping when in blossom have an abund-
ant crop of fine fruits ; the '* set " was so satisfactory
that thinning of the fruit had to be freely per-
formed. Plums, Pears, and Cherries alike suffered
severely from the unreasonable destructive frosts
which prevailed when ihey were in blossom. Crops
of the two former are almost a complete failure, and
the Plum trees have been badly affected with aphis.
Of the latter Morellos are good. Apples are partial,
the trees in some orchards being heavily laden, while
those in others are cropped very lightly. Blenheim
Orange, King of the Pippin=, and Golden Spire Pippin
are amongst the varieties which carry heavy crops. The
crops of all kinds of small fruits are a good average,
and of good quality. Of Strawberries Loxford
Hall has again proved of invaluable service for dessert
late in the season. Thomas Cooutber, The Hendre.

Cornwall. — The Apple crop in sheltered situa-
tions is a full average, but most of the orchards
exposed to east and southeast winds are a total
failure — the fruit in all cases clean and good. Pears
are a full clean crop in most places about here.
Peaches and Nectarines are a very partial crop ; some
trees good, and many with but few fruits. Straw-

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

Salop. — Peaches and Nectarines are fairly good;
Apricots were a mass of bloom, but the frosts thinned
them sadly after setting. Plums are partial ; some
trees {on walls) are well loaded, others thin. Cherries
ate good all round. Apples, though a good crop, are
falling oft to an alarming extent. Pears are nearly a
complete failure — Louise Bonne of Jersey is our
best. Figs are a good crop ; small Iruits are very
large crops, Cipecially Gooseberries. A* S, J'Cemp^
IIau(^hton House Farm.

Leicester. — A dry spring, even with considerable
cold, evidently favourable for Peaches and Apricots.
These, with only slight protection, and in some in-
stances without any, are producing great crops and
making vigorous growth. Plums were in full bloom
and very promising when severe frost, on April 22,
23, 24 (7" and g''), completely destroyed the blossom
in every stage. Pears suffered in the same way, and
the crop is the worst I ever knew. Apples were
later in blooming, but even undeveloped buds were
killed : the crop is very partial. Gooseberries were
greatly injured, and Currants were affected only in a
less degree. Strawberries and Raspberries suffered
from drought. W. Ingram, Bdvoir.

Notts. — Our Apricot wall, about a quarter of
a mile long, is protected by glass. The crop is re-
markably fine. We gathered some ripe fruit ten
days ago. Pears and Plums were almost a failure :
the latter suffered much by the cold. Apples
generally are a good crop and look well. Black
Currants, with us, suffered more than red. Goose-
berries, owing to being little forward, were thick, and
escaped with little barm. R. Carr, U'elbeck,

IRELAND.

Fermanagh.— The late frosts and cold winds about
the time of setting proved very disastrous ; I never
saw a finer bloom all over the country. W. Mas^ee,
Tlorenee Court.

Kilkenny. — In this garden and neighbourhood
large fruits in general are very scarce. There was an
abundance of blossom, but very few fruits set, owing
to the cold frosty winds we experienced during the
flowering period. Small fruits are very plentiful and
good in quality. W. Gray, Woodstock Park.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.
Jersey. — The fruit crop this season, taken as a
whole, will be a fair average, some over and some
under. The dry weather in May caused the Apricots
and Plums to shed their bloom. The heavy hail-
storm on the 5th ult. punctured the most exposed
fruits of the Apples and Pears, which, besides dis-
figuring them, will cause them to rot. Currants,
Gooseberries, and Raspberries are a fair average crop,
and Strawberries have been abundant and good,
realising very fair prices. Nuts are not grown, the
climate being too moist. The Eugenia Ugni, or
fruiting Myrtle, produces abundance of its spicy-
flavoured fruits in sheltered situations. C. B.
Saunders, St. Saz'iour's.

The Liverpool Horticultural Association :

Au(*. 2 and 4. — The annual summer show of this
Society took place on the above days at Sefton Park,
which, as regards proximity to the town and adapta-
bility for the purpose, it would be difflcult to surpass.
This year the committee have thrown the competition
open in all the classes, on which proceeding they are 10
be congratulated. It is often said, and not always with-
out reason, that committees in the provinces are more
mindful of fencing round that which they look upon as
their own snug preserves than of securing the best dis-
play by fearless open competition in letting in outsiders,
no matter from whence they come. The course adopted
by the Liverpool committee is doubly commendable,
composed, as it is, wholly of gardeners.

The show was very fine collectively and extensive ;
many of the plants staged were of unusual size and
examples of skilful cultivation. In the competition for
groups of plants effectively arranged, and which the
committee make a leading feature of the show, an un-
usual amount of good taste was evinced, several of the
exhibitors having evidently got the correct measure of
both form and colour of the materials employed, and,
what is quite as important, an eye to the due proportion
of each. There was a large and good display of fruit,
much the greatest portion of which was in beautiful con-
dition— Grapes, Peaches, and Nectarines especially. Cut
flowers, as always here, were in great force, sufticient
being staged to in themselves make an attractive exhibi-
tion. Vegetables also were well represented, showing
by their excellent condition the presence ol much more

moisture in the locality than has been this season experi-
enced in the neighbourhood of London and the counties
south thereof

STOve AND Greenhouse Plants.— In the class for
twelve stove and greenhouse plants, six flowering and
six fine-foli.ige, Mr. Mease, gr. to C. W. Neumann,
ICsq., Wyncole, Allerton, took the lead with a grand
collection, many of which were of immense size ; the
flowering examples included Allamanda Hendersoni,
Clerodcndron Balfourianum, Bougainvillea glabra, Ixora
Williamsii, Erica Irbyana, and E. jcmnla, all well
bloomed ; with them were Croton Weismanni, C. varie-
g.itiis. C. (Jaeen \'icloria, each 8 feet in diameter, with
I^atania borbonica, Prilchardia pacitica. and Gleichenia
Mendeli, proportionate in size. Mr. Cypher, Chelten-
ham, who was a good 2d, had, amongst others, beauti-
fully flowered plants of Ixora Williamsii, Stephanolis
floribunda, and Allamanda grandiflora, with a fine
example of Cycas circinalis, and Crolons Disraeli and
tjueen Victoria, smaller than his opponent's, but
splendidly coloured. With ten stove and greenhouse
plants, half in bloom and half fine-foliage, there was a
close run between Mr. Cox, gr. to W. H. Watts, Esq,,
Wavertree, and Mr. Jellico, gr. to F. H. Gossage, Esq.,
Woolton, the former having ist honours. In his group
was a well-flowered Ixora coccinea, Erica Exquisite, and
Kalosanthes Dr. E, Regel, the latter 5 feet tlirough and
profusely flowered ; the foliage plants comprised Dick-
sonia antarctica, and an excellent example of Alocasia
macrorhiza variegata, 8 (eet across. Mr. Jellico had
a crediiable collection, both as regards the flowering and
fine-leaved plants of which it was composed. Six stove
and greenhouse plants in flower. — Here also the com-
paition was close, Mr, Cypher taking ist, with the flesh-
coloured Ixora Westii, bearing some twenty heads of its
charming delicately tinted flowers; I. regina, likewise beau-
tifully bloomed ; Erica obbata purpurascens, E. ampul-
l.icea Barnesii, Anthurium Scherzerianum, and Bougain-
villea glabra ; Mr. Mease, who came in 2d, had, in a nice
half dozen, a beautiful specimen of E. Parmentieriana
rosea, and Anthurium Andreanum. Four stove and
greenhouse plants. — With these Mr. Cox was ist, showing
amongst others a nice specimen of Plumbago capensis.
Heaths. — With four, Mr. Mease had ist, showing nicely
flowered plants of E. insignis, E. melulteflora, E.
Shannonii, and E. namula ; 2d, Mr. Cypher, who with
others had well bloomed examples of E. tricolor Wilsoni,
and E. tricolor Holtordii.

Single Specimens. — Stove plant : ist, Mr. Cubbon,- .
gr. to Mrs. A. Johnson, with Allamanda Hendersoni ; 2d,
Mr. Cox. Greenhouse plant : ist, Mr. Mease, with a
large and well-bloomed plant of Erica ampullacea
Williamsii ; 2d, Mr. Gowen, gr. to J. Cunningham, Esq.
Single Palm or Cycad : ist, Mr. Hurst, gr. to W. B.
Bowring, Esq., with a large and well grown plant of
Phoenix rupicola ; 2d, Mr, Cubbon, showing Cycas
revoluta. Tree Fern : ist, Mr, Cubbon, who had a
good specimen of Dicksonia antarctica ; 2d, Mr. Foster,
gr. to J. Brancker, Esq., Wavertree. Single Fern (not
tree variety) : 1st, Mr. Evans, gr. to Mrs. Lockett, with
a beautiful example of Goniophlebium subauriculatum ;
2d, Mr. Johnson, gr. to Gilbert Winter Moss, Esq.,
Aigburth, who had Adiantum Farleyense, in good order.

Foliage Plants were present in good condition,
and, having plenty of variegated kinds amongst them,
there was an absence of the sombre appearance too often
found in groups of this description. In the class for
eight Mr. Mease was a good ist, showing, amongst
others, Croton Williamsii, C. Disraeli, and C. Prince of
Wales, all large and densely clothed with finely coloured
leaves ; the last-named variety was quite 7 feet through,
well furnished all round, half covering the pot with its
elegant long drooping foliage — a grand plant. 2d, Mr.
Cubbon, who also staged a handsome lot, the best of
which were Croton Weismanni, Cycas revoluta, and
Latania borbonica. Six fine-toliage plants. — ist, Mr.
Jellico, staging in a nice group good examples of Croton
Hendersoni and Alocasia melillica ; 2d, Mr. Foster.

Ferns were well shown by Mr. Stephenson, gr. to
Mrs. Horsfall, who was easily ist with eight exotic varie-
ties, his most noteworthy examples being Davallia
Mooreana, D. bullata, and Gymnogramma chrysophylla;
2d, Mr. Evans. Six exotic Ferns. — ist, Mr. Gowen,
with nicely grown plants of Goniophlebium subauricula-
tum, Pteris scaberula, Gymnogramma peruviana argyro-
phylla, Davallia Mooreana, Gleichenia speluncse, and
Adiantum Veitchii ; 2d, Mr. Hurst. Hardy Ferns. —
ist, Mr. Foster, with medium sized specimens in fresh
condition, and sul^ently varied in kinds ; Mp. Barber,
gr. to Mrs. Barnsley, who was second, also had well
managed plants. Three filmy Ferns. — With these like-
wise Mr. Foster took ist, showing Todea superba, T.
pellucida, and Trichomanes radicans, in nice condition.

TuitEROUS Begonias, &c.— These were present in
quantity. In the class lor ten, five single and five double
(prizes given by Messrs. Laing & Co., Forest Hill Nur-
sery), Mr. Mease was ist, Mr. Evans 2d ; 3d, Mr. John-
son, gr. to J. W. Moss, Esq. Six tuberous Begonias. —
ist, Mr. Stephenson ; 2d, Mr. Hurst. Three tuberous
Begonias. — ist. Mr. Evans; 2d, Mr. Johnson. Caladiunis,
very well done, were contributed by Mr. Mease, who in a
well matched collection had Auguste Lemoine, Meyerbeer,
and Prince Albert Edward, in beautiful condition ; 2d,
Mr. Leather, gr. to A. M. Anderson, Esq., also showing
a fine set of plants. Six Coleus.— ist, Mr. Eaton, gr. to
W. H. Shirley, Esq.. with dense bushy plants ; 2d, Mr.
Bustard, gr. to J. Lewis, Esq. Achimenes were nicely
shown, Mr. Mease being ist, with four ; Mr. Hurst 2d.
Petunias, double. — ist, Mr. Stephenson, whose plants
were well grown and full of flower ; 2d, Mr. Bustard.
Single Petunias.— ist, Mr. Hurst, with a nicely bloomed

i84

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884,

half-dozen ; 2d, Mr. Bustard. Zonal Pelargoniums were
smaller than sometimes met with, but were mostly well
bloomed ; with six, Mr. Stephenson took ist, Mr. Bustard
2d. Four zonals. — With these Mr. Stephenson was like-
wise ist, staging all double varieties, very well bloomed ;
2d, Messrs. Fleming & Sons. Three zonals. — ist, Mr.
Gowen ; 2d, Mr. Hurst. Fuchsias were not so well re-
presented as usual at Liverpool, Mr. Hurst taking ist for
six, Messrs. Fleming & Sons 2d. Three Fuchsias. — ist,
Mr. Cox, gr. to W. H. Watts, Esq., with nicely
flowered examples, much the best shown ; 2d, Mr. Bust-
ard. Glo.xinias.^These were beautifully shown by Mr.
Gowen, who had ist for six with grandly bloomed
plants of erect varieties ; 2d, Mr. Evans.

Orchids. — The display of Orchids was limited, but
the plants were mostly well flowered. In the class for four,
Mr. Bostock, gr. to E. Harvey, Esq., took the lead
with Cattleya Leopoldi, bearing three spikes, one of
which was of unusual size, and highly coloured ; C.
crispa, Zygopetalum Gautieri, and Saccolabium
guttaturn, with three fine fine spikes ; 2d, Mr.
Edwards, gr. to S, Walker, Esq., who had a
well flowered lot, consisting of Saccolabium Blumei
majus, Dendrobium Dearei, Aerides quinquevulnerum,
and Odontoglossum Roezlii. Single Orchid. — ist, Mr.
Mease, with Saccolabium Blumei majus, bearing three
very good spikes ; 2d, Mr. Foster, who had a moderate-
sized plant of Cattleya crispa — a beautiful variety, the
sepals and petals a purer white than usual, the lip large,
open, and beautifully feathered with deep lilac ; Mr.
Cubbon was 3d, with the deep chocolate-lipped variety
of Cattleya crispa. With six Selaginellas Mr. Cubbon
had ist, Mr. Foster 2d. Cockscombs were well shown
by Mr. Flanagan, who was ist for six ; 2d, Mr. Cox.

Table Plants, — These were present in quantity,
most of those shown being well adapted for the purpose,
light, feathery, and not too large. With six Mr. G.
Mease, gr. to W. Nichol, Esq., took the lead ; Mr.
Cubbon being 2d. Hardy herbaceous plants. — With
three Mr. Hurst had ist, staging good examples of the
blue and the white varieties of Campanula pyramidalis
and Lilium speciosum.

Grou'I's of Plants, arranged for effect, filled the
centre of a very large tent. In the class confined to a
space of 250 feet, Messrs. R. P. Ker & Son took ist
honours with an arrangement in every way meritorious :
the raised centre was thickly carpeted with Adiantum
cuneatum, in the middle of which rose an elegant foliage
plant, and here and there a bit of colour to relieve the
green ground of the mound was introduced, the rest of the
space was also covered with Adiantum, out of which, at
considerable distances apart, sprung single-stemmed
examples of Crotons, Dracaenas, and fine-leaved Palms,
with a few irregular bits of colour secured by the intro-
duction of suitable flowering plants ; 3d, Mr. Francis.
The ist prize for a group of 150 feet went to Mr. Mease,
whose exhibit was very effective, being arranged much in
the way of the winning group in the larger class, the whole
surface covered with Adiantum, the raised centre being
furnished with a good plant of Phoenix reclinata with
the pot hid, and a sufficient number of tall, light-leaved
plants stood at intervals with a few flowering and varie-
gated subjects to give the needful colour, which, as it
ever should be in such arrangements, was not over-done ;
Mr. Cox was a close 2d ; Mr. Cubbon, 3d, also putting
up an effective group. Semicircular group occupying a
space not exceeding 100 feet. — ist, Mr. Jellico,

Roses were unusually well shown for the time of
year. With forty-eight single blooms Messrs. F. & A.
Dickson, Chester, were ist, staging a fine lot of blooms ;
Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry, 2d ; Messrs. Mack
& Son, Catterick Bridge, 3d. Twelve Teas, Noisettes,
and hybrid Teas.— ist, Mr. T. B. Hall, Rock Ferry ;
2d, Messrs, Perkins & Sons. Twenty-four Roses. — ist,
Mr. T. B. Hall. Twelve Roses.— ist, Mr. T. B. Hall,
2d, Mr. Brownbill, gr. to J. Hargreaves, Esq. Twelve
Roses, any dark variety. — ist, Messrs. Mack, with fine
Alfred Colomb; 2d, Messrs. Dickson, who had Nlrs. jowitt,
in beautiful condition. Twelve Roses, any light variety.
— ist, Messrs. Dickson, showing Madame EugeneVerdier;
Messrs. Mack 2d, with Comtesse de Sereneye. For a
box of Roses, tastefully arranged, Mr. Waterman, gr. to
A. Tate. Esq., had ist ; ^!r. T. B. Hall 2d. Miscel-
laneous cut flowers were grandly shown, Mr. Mease
taking ist for eighteen stove and greenhouse varieties,
showing beautiful bunches, lightly put together, the beat
of which consisted of Cattleya crispa, Miltonia specta-
bills, Dipladenia amabihs, Stephanotis, Anthurium
Andreanura, red and white Lapagerias, Ixora Duffli, and
Disa grandiflora ; 2d, Mr. Bustard.

Hardy Herbaceous flowers were also well shown
by Mr. E. Hardy, who was ist, with twenty-four varie-
ties ; 2d, Mr. Mease. Twelve bunches hardy herbaceous
flowers — 1st, Mr. T. Bright ; 2d, Mr. Waterman.
Hand bouquets were splendidly done, Mr. Cypher taking
ist in the class for two ; Messrs. Turner, Liverpool,
2d ; Mr. J. Downes, 3d ; both showing good examples.
Single bouquet. — ist, Mr. Mease ; 2d, Mr. T. Robinson.
Stand of flowers. — ist, Mr. Barber ; 2d, Mr. Bustard.
Bouquet of wild flowers. — 1st, Mr. H. Mercer; 2d,
Messrs. Turner.

Fruit, as already mentioned, was finely shown. With
eight dishes Mr. Edmonds, Bestwood Park, Nottingham,
was ist, staging Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexan-
dria Grapes, a Queen Pine, Chancellor Peaches — unusu-
ally fine ; Elruge Nectarines, White Ischia Figs, Bigarreau
Cherries, and William Tillery Melon ; 2d, Mr. Ward,
gr. to F. H. Oakes, Esq., Alfreton, his best dishes being
Violette Hative Nectarines, Bellegarde Peaches, and
Muscat Hamburgh Grapes ; the latter especially were in

beautiful condition ; 3d, Mr. Wallace, gr. to the Rev.
W. Sneyd, Keele Hall. For six dishes, Mr. Elsworthy,
gr. to A. R. Gladstone, Esq., had ist, with nice ex-
amples of Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamburgh
Grapes, Bellegarde Peaches, Brown Turkey Figs, scarlet
Premier Melon, and Elruge Nectarines — the last very
fine ; 2d, Mr. Mease, his best dishes being Muscat of
Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes and Chancellor
Peaches. Two Pines. — ist, Mr. Bennet, gr. to the Hon.
C. H. Wynne, with a pair of Queens. Single Pine. —
ist, Mr. Bennet. Four bunches of Grapes. — Here Mr.
Young, gr. to J. Evans, Esq., Prescot, was to the fore,
with handsome well finished examples of Black Ham-
burgh, Muscat of Alexandria, Foster's Seedling, and
Madresfield Court ; 2d, Mr. Middleton, gr. to R.
Pilkington, Esq., who had Madresfield Court, Black
Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, and Buckland Sweet-
water, nicely finished. Two bunches of Black Ham-
burghs. ^ist, Mr. Ward, with medium-sized bunches of
large, even, hammered berries, black as jet, and heavily
bloomed ; 2d. Mr. Baker, gr. to Alderman Rayner. Two
bunches of Muscat of Alexandria. — With these Mr. Mid-
dleton took the lead, having beautiful bunches full of
large even berries, higher coloured than usually seen
until later in the season ; 2d, Mr. Elsworthy. Two
bunches of black Grapes, not Haraburghs. — 1st, Mr,
Ward, with Madresfield Court, in beautiful condition ;
2d, Mr. Wilson, gr. to H. Cunningham, Esq., who
likewise had Madresfield Court in good order. Two
bunches of white Grapes, not Muscats. — With these Mr.
Chappell, gr. to G. I-^dward, Esq., had ist, with finely
coloured Buckland Sweetwater ; 2d, Mr. Bennett. Dish
of Peaches. — ist, Mr. Elsworthy, with Bellegarde, large
and finely coloured ; 2d, Mr. Edmonds, who had fine
examples of Royal George. Dish of Peaches (A). — ist,
Mr. Elsworthy ; 2d, Mr. T. Bright. Dish of Nectarines.
— ist, Mr. Bennett; 2d, Mr. Hurst. Dish of Nectarines
(A). — ist, Mr. Slaney, gr. to Sir T. Earl ; 2d, Mr.
Bennet. One Melon, green-flesh. — ist, Mr. Hartwell,
gr. to Lord Newborough. Six dishes of hardy fruit. —
ist, Mr. Lambert, gr, to Col. Wingfield ; 2d, Mr.
Bounds, gr. to Miss Crossfield. Basket of miscellaneous
fruit, arranged for efifect. — ist, Mr. Mease ; 2d, Mr.
Elsworthy.

Vegetables were in fine condition. With a collection
of twelve varieties, Mr. Almond, MaghuU, took ist ; Mr.
Condon, gr. to W. Chambers, Esq., 2d. Twelve dishes
of vegetables (amateurs). — ist, Mr. Lambert ; 2d, Mr.
Slaney. Six dishes. — 1st, Mr. S. S. Parker ; 2d, Mr.
Thrupp, gr. to H. J. Walmsley, Esq.

Hardy Shrubs and Trees.— Messrs. Caldwell &
Son, Knutsford, were the only exhibitors in the class for
hardy shrubs and trees, and well deserved the Society's
Gold Medal which was awarded them.

The Liverpool Horticultural Company exhibited
several large groups of a highly meritorious description ;
one was composed almost wholly of Roses in pots, in
nice bloom ; another had something like a couple of
score of the old blue and white Campanula pyramidalis,
with a margin of low flowering and fine-leaved plants ;
another had a centre of dark single Dahlias, with a broad
border of flowering and handsome leaved plants. These
groups were all effective, and received a High Commen-
dation, as also did the following : — Messrs. F. & A.
Dickson, Chester, for a miscellaneous collection
of plants; Messrs. R. P. Ker & Son, Aigburth,
for a miscellaneous collection ; the Liverpool
Horticultural Company, for a collection of Vines
in pots ; Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, for
a collection of double and single Begonias ; Messrs.
R. Pearson & Sons, Nottingham, for zonal Pelargo-
niums ; Messrs. J. Dickson, Chester, for Roses and
hardy flowers ; Messrs, H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley,
for Pelargoniums and Begonias ; Messrs. D. Low
& Sons, Manchester and Edinburgh, for horticultural
erections ; Mr. J. Webster, Wavertree, for horticultural
erections ; Mr. J. Bramham, lor boiler and wirework ;
Messrs. Knight, for horticultural sundries ; Mr. H.
Caesar, Knutsford, rustic summer-houses ; Messrs. W.
Glassey & Co., Liverpool, garden utensils ; Messrs.
Pearson & Co., Nottingham, horticultural erections.

The Royal Southampton Horticultural :

Aug. 2 and ^. — This successful and flourishing Society
held theirgreat summer show of plants, fruits, vegetables,
and flowers in the Society's ovm grounds at Westwood
Park, than which it would be difficult to find a more suit-
able place for the holding of an exhibition of such mag-
nitude in the vicinity of our large provincial towns.
The arrangements, too, in connection with the staging
of exhibits and other details of the show were all that
could be desired, and the exhibition committee, from
the courteous chairman. Captain Gibbs, and General
Lacy, downwards, and the energetic secretary, are to be
congratulated upon the success of the show, which was
a highly representative one ; and the weather being
everything that could be desired, and the attractions to
the grounds so varied and tempting, the numerous large
tents and the grounds were, therefore, crowded with
visitors, who were evidently delighted with the contents
of the individual tents, and in which the iudges made
the following awards x—

Plants. — In class i, for twelve stove or green-
house plants, six in bloom and six foliage, distinct,
there were four entries. Mr. J. Cypher, nurseryman,
Cheltenham, was ist, with large, fresh, well grown plants
of Croton Queen Victoria, grandly coloured and about
7 feet through ; Latania borbonica, Croton angusti-
folius, 6 feet through and finely coloured ; Dasylirion
acrotrichum, Kentia Fosteriana, Bougainvtllea glabra,
a very neat plant and profusely flowered ; Kentia aus-

tralis, AUamanda nobilis. Erica obbata, Ixora Williamsii,
balloon form, 6 feet through and covered with large
trusses of well developed flowers ; Erica Kingstoniensis
a fresh, neat, and well flowered plant ; Ixora Pilgrimii,
about 5 feet high and 4 feet through ; Mr. Tudgey, nur-
seryman, Waliham Cross, and Mr. James, nurseryman,
Norwood, being respectively 2d and 3d in the order in
which their names are.

In class 2, for the best groups of miscellaneous plants
arranged for effect, there were nine entries, the ist being
awarded to Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, The Firs,
Bassett, for a choice and neatly arranged group edged
with Maidenhair Fern and Panicum variegatum ; 2d.
Messrs. J. C. & H. Ransome, nurserymen. Hill Lane,
Southampton ; 3d, Mr. Blandford, gr. to Mrs. Hasel-
foot, Moor Hill, West End ; 4th, Mr. J. Amys, gr. to
the Hon. Mrs. Eliot Yorke, Hamble Cliff, Southampton ;
5th, Mr. J. F. Mould, nurseryman, Pewsey, Wilts, in
whose group was a well flowered Eucharis amazonica ;
and Highly Commended were Messrs. Jackson & Son,
Kingston-on-Thames.

In class 3, for collection of fifteen miscellaneous plants,
not less than six to be in bloom, there were five entries,
Mr. J. F. Mould was easily ist vrith a very meritorious
collection, consisting of Dipladenia Brearleyana, AUa-
manda nobilis, Dipladenia hybrida, Allmanda Hender-
soni, Gloriosa superba, a grand plant, about 4 feet
through ; BougaJnvillea glabra, KaJosanthes ptmiceus,
very fresh, and well flowered ; Erica Austiniana, fresh,
and profusely flowered ; Croton Sunset. Croton Queen
Victoria, a plant very well coloured ; Gleichenia rupes-
tris, 6 feet through ; Cocos revoluta. Croton Andreanus,
C. majesticus, and Dracaena Goldieana ; 2d, Messrs.
Jackson & Son, whose best plants were Stephanotis
floribunda, AUamanda cathartica, Ixora Wilhamsii,
Clerodendron Balfourianum, Dipladenia Brearleyana, Sta-
tice profusa, Rhynchospermura Lindeni, and Croton
medio-variegatus ; 3d, Messrs. Ransome, whose best
plants were Croton medio-variegatus, BougainviUea
glabra, Anthurium crystallinum, and Alsophila excelsa ;
4th, Messrs. Oakley & Watling, St. Mary's Road,
Southampton.

In class 4, for fifteen miscellaneous plants, not less
than six to be in flower, there were only two entries,
ist, Mr. E. Wills, with a fresh, well-grown lot of plants,
of, among others, Erica Parmentierii, Alocasia Lowii,
Croton Queen Victoria, BougainviUea glabra, a Kalos-
anthes, Latania borbonica, Cocos WeddelUana, Dasmo-
norops melanochaates, Areca lutescens, Verschafftltia
splendens, DasyUrion acrotrichum, Clerodendron Bal-
fourianum, Mr. N. Blandford being a good 2d, his best
plants being AUamanda Henderson!, BougainviUea
glabra, and Croton Disraeli, beautifully coloured.

In class 5, for nine miscellaneous plants, not less than
three to be in bloom, there was only one entry ; the ist
prize being awarded to Mr. Molyneux, gr. to W. H.
Myers, Esq., Swanmore Park, Bishop's Waltham, for a
very praiseworthy collection.

Orchids. — Class 6, for a coUection of Orchids, occu-
pying a space 6 feet by 4, feet. — ist, Mr. T. Osborne, gr.
to J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House, Southampton, with
a neat collection of choice varieties, including Odonto-
glossum Roezlii, Dendrobium Dearei, Cattleyas, &c. ;
Mr. James being a good 2d, and Mr. N. Blandford 3d.

In class /, for a coUection of nursery stock, Messrs.
Oakley & Wathng, Mr. Kingsbury, Bevis Mount,
Southampton, and Mr. G. Windebank, were awarded
the prizes in the order named ; and in class 8, for the
best six Begonias, in flower, distinct, the prizes were
awarded to Messrs. E. WUls, J. Osborne, and J. Amys,
in that order.

Class 9, for four double Begonias, distinct, Mr. Moly-
neux secured ist with smaU but well flowered plants, and
Mr. Privett 2d ; only two lots staged.

Ferns. — For six stove or greenhouse Ferns, distinct,
there were only two entries, and the prizes were awarded
to Mr. E. WiUs, for DavaUias polyantha and Moore-
ana (the latter 7 feet through), Microlepia hirta. Adian-
tum Farleyense, Dicksonia antarctica, and Adiantum
cardiochlnsna ; and Mr. J. Amys, in the order in which
their names appear.

Class II, for four stove or greenhouse Ferns, distinct
(nurserymen), there were, hke the preceding class, only
two entries, Messrs. Jackson & Son securing the ist
position, with Dicksonia antarctica. Platycerium grande,
Lomaria gibba, and Platycerium alcicome major ; Mr.
H. James being a good 2d ; and in a similar class (12)
for gardeners Mr. W. Peel. gr. to Miss Todd. Sidford
Lodge, Shirley, was ist, followed closely by Mr. F. J.
Cox, gr. to R. K. Wyndham, Esq., Corhampton House,
Bishop's Waltham, and Mr. N. Blandford.

Class 13. for six distinct varieties of Fuchsias (two
entries). — ist, Mr. Wills; 2d, Mr. J. Osborne; and in
the following class, for four distinct varieties (two
entries), the prizes went respectively to Mr. W. Joy.
nurseryman, Shirley, and Mr. G. Busby, gr. to F. Wil-
liams. Esq., ThornhiU HaU, Bitterne.

Class 15, for six Pelargoniums, zonal or nosegay,
single, distinct (three entries). — ist, Mr. N. Blandford;
2d. Mr. Wills ; and 3d, Mr. G. Windebank. For
four distinct varieties Messrs. Ransome were the only
exhibitors, and secured the ist prize with an even fresh
lot, as they also did in the next class for six distinct double
or semi-double varieties, with L'Annce Terrible, Louise
Barthere, Madame Baltet, Evening, and Raispail — a
grand lot ; 2d, Mr. Wills. There were only two awards
made in this class. For four double or semi-double
Pelargoniums Mr. Betteridge, Rissett, secured chief
position, the ad and 3d going to Mr. R. West, gr. to
J. R. Wigram, Esq., Northlands, Salisbury, and Mr,
W. Blandford, in that order.

Class 19, for six variegated Pelargoniums, two golden
tricolor, two bronze, one silver tricolor, and one silver*

August 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

185

edged, distinct. — There were on!y two entries, and Mr.
R. West and Mr. E. Wills secured the ist and ad posi-
tions in that order.

Class 30. lor six Celosia pyramidalis. There were three
entries. Mr. J. Osborne w.is a good ist. Mr. K. Wills
and Mr. H. W . Hunt, gr. to k. Moss. Esq., Weston
Grove, Woolston. being 2d and 3d respectively.

In the class for si.>c Achiinenes, distinct, there were
only two competitors, namely, ^l^. Osborne and Mr.
Wills, who wtre awarded the ist and 2d prizes. The
prizes offered for six Coleus. distinct, of pyramidal
e;rowih, were awarded in the following order : — ist, Mr.
R. West; ad, Mr. Wills; and 3d. Mr. H. W. Hunt.
And lor a like number of niossei. distinct, two lots were
staged : the ist prize being awarded to Mr. Wills for
six grand specimens, and the ad to Mr. Busby.

Class 25, for six plants for dinner-table decoration,
distinct, and pots not to exceed 6 inches. — ist, Messrs.
Jackson & Son ; ad, Mr. Wills ; 3d, Mr. J. Kingsbury ;
4th. Mr. ]. Cox. Mr. jaiues Cypher secured the first
place for the best specimen Erica, a fresh and grandly
flowered plant of E, ampuUacea Barnesii ; Mr. Aniysad,
with E. Ifbyana ; and Mr. I. Mould 3d, with E. Fairreana.
Mr. N. Blaiidford had the best specimen Orchid (Pcrcs-
teria elata;. Mr. J. Osborne ad, and Mr. H. James
3d. Mr. J. Cyphtrr had the bebt fine-toliage plant, a
Cord)line indivisa ; 3d, Mr. Amys. with a plant of
Croton interruptiis, badly coloured ; ad pri^o withheld.
In the corresponding class for the best stove or green-
house plant in flower (four entries), Mr. Amys secured
ist honours, with a well-flowered plant of Trachclosper-
mum jasminoides ; Mr. F. J. Cox ad, with Allamanda
Henderson!, and Mr. H. James 3d, with Rondeletia
speciosa major. For a single specimen Fuchsia there were
only two competitors, and a ist and 3d award were made
to Mr. Wills and Mr. W.Joy, in that order. Mr. H.
W. Hunt obtained ist place lor specimen Coleus,
pyramidal growth, with Butterfly ; Mr. E. Weils ad,
with Mrs. G. Simpson ; and Mr. R. West 3d, with
Pompadour. For six hardy Ferns Mr. E. Wills was ist ;
Messrs, lackson & Son ad, and Mrs. Waterman, a,
Bevis Place. Southampton, 3d. For six Petunias,
distinct, Mr. Wills was again to the front with well-
grown and finely- dowered fresh plants ; Mr. J. Osborne,
ad — only two lots being staged. Mr. Windebank had
the best six plants of Mignonette ; Mr. T. Osborne ad,
and Mr. R. West 3d, with standards trained umbrella-
fashion. For six Balsams. — ist, Mr. Osborne; ad, Mr.
Windebank ; no 3d awarded. For a hke number
of Cockscombs Mr. H. W. Hunt was 1st, with fine
combs ; Mr. Osborne ad, and Mr. Windebank 3d.

Class 38, for a new or rare plant. — Mr. T. Osborne
was awarded a ist prize for Cypripedium ciliolare,

.Amateurs. — -For groups of miscellaneous plants
arranged for effect. — ist, Mr. H. E. Chamberlain, Fuz-
■ hugh, Southampton ; ad, Mr. E. Chamberlain ; 3d,
Mr. Betteridge ; 4th, Charles Birch, Avenue Hotel,
Southampton. For four Fuchsias there were only two
entries, the ist and ad being awarded to Mr. Betteridge
and Mr. C. Birchinthat order ; and forfour Pelargoniums,
zonal ornosegay, Mr. Betteridge was ist, and Mr. Vukes,
Leigh Road, Eastldgh, ad : no 3d. For four Petunias,
distinct, Mr. W. Betteridge was the only exhibitor, and
secured the ist place ; as he also did in the next class for
a like number of Begonias, in flower ; Mr. C. Birch ad,
and Mr. Privett, 54, The Avenue, 3d. Mr. Hobby,
Shirley Road, Southampion, secured the ist place for a
specimen greenhouse plant, in flower ; Mr. Birch, ad,
and Mr. Betteridge 3d — The latter gentleman being ist
for a specimen Fuchsia, and Mr. C. Birch ad.

Division 2 : Table Decorations.— For the most
elegantly dressed table with fruits and flowers (plants
admissible), ist, Mr. J. Cypher, for a very light and neat
arrangement of choice flowers and fruits, including a
good Pine-apple ; Mr. J. R. Chard, Florist Depot, Clap-
ham, being a very good ad ; Mr. F. E. Chamberlain,
Fitzhugh, Southampton, 3d ; and Miss Beriha Flight.
Conshill, Twyford, 4ih. There were five entries. The
first three exhibitors in the preceding class were placed
m the s^me i>osition lor the best dressed epergne, and
Ux the best gioup of three stands or vases arranged with
flowers and toliage. Miss Bessie Flight secured the ist
prize for light and gracefully arranged stand, Miss
Chamberlain, Alma Road. Southampton, ad (3d with-
held), and Mrs. R. H. Peikness, Shirley Road, 4th.

Cut Flowers. — For the most tastefully arranged
basket of cut flowers, Mrs. Frazer, Bevis Valley,
Southampton, took ist. Miss Golding ad, and Mrs.
Perkins 3d ; and in the next class, for basket of wild
flowers and grasses. Miss Bessie Flight was ist ; Miss
Stratton. Xorthcroft, Portswood. nd ; Miss Golding
3d ; and Messrs. Drover, nurserymen, Fareham, 4th.
Mr. Chard was ist for the mo^t elegant ball bouquet,
with a good arrangement of choice flowers ; Measrs.
Keynes & Co., Castle Street Nurseries, Salisbury, being
a very good ad ; Mr. Cypher, 3d, and .Mr. Hillier,
nurseryman, Winchester, 4lh. In the corresponding
class for a bridal bouquet Mr. Chard was again to the
front with an admirable arrangement of choice fresh
flowers, Mr. Cypher and Messrs. Cross & Steer, Ford
Nursery, Salisbury, being only a few points b.hnd.
For six buttonhole bouquets, distinct, Mr. Chard reptaied
his iuccess in the two preced ng classes, with an
arrangement that elicited great praise from visitors ;
ad, Mr S. WaUenian. gr. to Mr. Lovibond, St,
Anne Street, Salisbury ; the 3d and 4th going to
Messrs. Drover and Mr. Hillier in that order.
For twelve bunches of cut flowers, distinct, a dressing of
Fern allowed. Mr. Budd, gr. to F. G. Dalgeiy, Esq.,
1 .ockerly Hall, Romsey, was ist. with a choice collec-
tion of hothoise blooms; Mr. F. Thomson, gr. to W,
b r ng. Esq.. Norman Court, Salisbury, being a good
2d ; Mr. Hillier and Mr. Axlord, Winchester, being

3d and 4th in that order. For twelve spikes of Gladioli
there were only two competitors, viz., Mr. W. Piper,
nurseryman, Parkstone. who was a good ist : and Mr,
Drover, nurseryman, Ventnor. secured the ad place. In
the next class, for twelve spikes of bulbous plants, the
Rev. R. Dashwood, Romsey, was 1st ; and Mr. H.
Guillaume, 12. Oriental Place, Southampton, ad — only
two entries. There were six entries for twelve varieties
o( hardy herbaceous cut flowers : Mr. Molyneux secured
ist place, Mr. H. Guillaume ad, and Mr. F. Thomson
3d. Mr. Molyneux was again ist for twelve blooms of
Carnations or Picotees, Mr. Guillaume ad, and the Rev.
R. Dashwood 3d. For twelve trusses, distinct, of
Pelargoniums (zonal or nosegay) there were four entries,
Mr. NIolyneux being once more to the front, followed
by Mr. Flight, Rev. R. Dashwood, and Mr. Hillier in
that order. For twelve single trusses of double or semi-
double Pelargoniums Mr. Molyneux was again ist, with
a very praiseworthy lot of blooms ; and the Rev. R.
Dashwood ad— only two entries. In the class for twelve
Dahlias, distinct, there were only two entries, the
1st prize being awarded to Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co. for perfect blooms of Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Hon.
Sidney Herbert, Lady Gladys Herbert, Mr. W. Hoskins,
Joseph Ashby, Fiagof Truce, George Dickson, Constancy,
Henry Walton, Reporter, James Service, and Miss Brown-
ing ; Mr. W. Betteridge took the ad position, Messrs.
Keynes were again ist for twelve bunches of pompon
Dahlias, three blooms of each, and not less than eight
varieties, with Lady Blanche, Darkness. Pure Love,
Little Bobby, Dora, Golden Gem, White Aster, Isabel,
Flora McDonald, Peacemaker, and Nemesis — a very
neat and Iresh lot of blooms ; the same celebrated firm
being again tst for twenty-four Roses, with an even
fresh lot of bloom, Messrs. Cross & Steer being a good
ad, and Mr. Hillier 3d. For twelve Roses, distinct,
tiie Rev. R. Dashwood was 1st, with a fresh even lot of
blooms ; Mr. Flight ad, and Mr. West 3d. Mr. H
Guillaume was ist for twelve bunches of cut flowers, dis-
tinct ; Mr. Privett 2d ; the name of the 3d exhibitor did
not appear, which was also the case in the next class, for
six Roses, in which Mr. Betteridge and Dr. Seaton,
Rutland Lodge, Bitterne, took ist and ad honours in
that order. In the last class (for six spikes of Gladioli)
in this division there was only one entry — Mr. Guillaume
— who obtained a 2d award.

New Dahlias — Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.,
of Salisbury, were awarded Certificates for two new
Dahlias, named respectively Mrs. Langtry and General
Gordon ; the former is fawn colour, heavily edged and
shaded with maroon, full size, and of fine form ; the
latter yellow, beautifully striped with scarlet, in the way
oi Parrot, but colouring much brighter, and more decided
than in that variety. They are both first-rate flowers,
and should be included in every grower's list.

Division 3: Fruit. — Fruit was shown largely, and
for the most part well. There were four entries for the
prizes given by the Southampton Tramways Company
for eight distinct kinds of fruit. Mr. Howard, gr. to
the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle. Salisbury, secured
ist position with Providence Pine, Muscat of Alexandria
and Black Hamburgh Grapes, Elruge Nectarines,
Goshawk Peaches, Moor Park Apricots. Brown Turkev
Figs, and Cox's Gem Melon ; Mr. F. Thomson being a
good 2d, Mr. J. Budd 3d, and Mr. Edwards, gr. to the
Duke of St. Albans. Bestwood Lodge, Nottinghamshire,
4th. In the class for six kinds of fruit (Pine excluded)
there were only two entries, namely, Mr. Molyneux
and Mr. Jones, gr. to Lord Calthorpe, Elvetham Park,
Winchester, both showing well, especially good being
the ist prize collection — Mr. Molyneux's. In the class
for three bunches of black Grapes Mr. Budd was ist,
with well-finished, even-sized bunches of Black Ham-
burgh, followed closely by Mr. Molyneaux and Mr. H.
W. Ward with Madresfield Court ; and Mr. S, Saunders
secured the 4th place with Black Hamburghs. Mr,
Molyneux was ist in the corresponding class for three
bunches of white Grapes, with well-coloured Muscat of
Alexandrii; Mr. Hills, gr. to Viscount Gort, East
Cowes C'astle, ad ; Mr. Thomson, with immense but
unripe bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, 3d ; and Mr.
Hillier 4th. For two bunches of black ditto there were
only two lots staged — Mr. Molyneux rst with Madres-
field Court ; and Mr. Axford 2d. For a like number
of bunches of white Grapes there was only one
exhibitor, Mr. J. Osborne, who secured a ist with
Buckland Sweetwater. In the single bunch class
there were four entries, and the prizes were awarded
in the following order : — Mr. Molyneux (with Madres-
field Court), Mr. Ward (with the same variety). Mr.
Axford, and Mr. Saunders ; and in the corresponding
class for whites there were a like number of entries, Mr.
Molyneux, Mr, Ward, Mr. Budd, and Mr. Thomson
taking the prizes in that order, with Muscat of Alex-
andria. There was only one Pine-apple shown, and for
which a ad prize was awarded to Mr. Ward. There
were five scarlet-fleshed Melons staged — ist, Mr. W,
Saunders, gr. to J. East, Esq., Longstock House, Stock-
bridge ; ad, Mr. Molyneux ; 3d, Mr. Cox ; 4lh, Mr.
Ward. Out of four entries in the class for a green-
flrshed fruit Mr. Ward was ist, with Hero of Lockinge ;
ad, name of exhibitor not given ; 3d, Mr. Budd. There
were seven lots of Peaches staged — Mr. G. Windebank
ist, with Chancellor, nicely coloured ; ad, Mr. Osborne ;
3d. Mr. Jones, with Urge Princess of Wales ; and 4th,
NIr. Thomson. Out of five lots of Nectarines Mr. H.
W. Hunt was ist. 'Aith Pine-apple ; Mr. Budd 2d, Mr.
Thomson 3d, and Mr. Ward 4th. Mr. Budd was lit
for six dishes of outdoor fruit, with .Apricots, P)um«,
Cherries, Raspberries, and red and white Currants ; Mr.
/ones being a good ad, Mr. Saunders 3d, and Mr.
Thomson 4th. There were only three dishes of dessert
Apples shown — ist, Mr. H. Fiford, Rounhams, near

Winchester, with Early Red, Margaret, Red Streaked,
Juneating. and Irish, Peach; ad, Mr. Windebank ; 3d,
Mr. Saunders ; and in the corresponding class lor
kitchen .Apples six lots were staged : Mr. Windebank
secured ist place, with I-.ord Suflield, Mere de Manage,
and Wiltshire Lass ; ad, Mr. Fiford ; 3'i, withheld ; 4th,
Mr. Smnders. For four dishes of hardy fruit, distinct
(amateurs), four lots were staged — 1st, name of exhibitor
not given ; 2d, Mr. Vokes ; 3d, Mr. Betteridge.

Division 4 : Vegetables.— Vegetables, as usual,
were shown largely and well. Mr. Cox was 1st for the
chief prize, viz., a collection of twelve distinct kinds, with
Girtford Giant Runner Bean. Cream Marrows, Evolution
F^ea, fine Trophy Tomatos, Pragnell's Exhibition Beet,
Telegraph Cucumbers, Fulliam Prize Celery, White
Leviathan Onion. Purple Globe Artichoke, Veitch's
Autumn Giant Cauliflower, Sutton's Improved Carrot,
&c. — a fine show altogether ; 2d, Mr. Saunders ;
3d, Mr. Molyneux ; 4th, Mr. Ward. In a similar
class for nine kinds, Mr. G. Busby, gr. to F.
Williams, Esq., Thornhill Park, was ist. with a
clean even lot ; Mr. Budd being a good ad, Mr. Amys
3d, and Mr. H. W. Hunt 4th. For eight varieties of
Potatos (four round and four kidneys) there were eight
lots staged, Mr. Saunders taking ist, with Cosmopolitan,
Covent Garden Perfection, Sutton's Prizetaker, Beauty
of Hebron, Adirond ick, Rector of Woodstock, Fillbasket,
and Reading Russet ; Mr. Ward 2d, Mr. Oxford 3d,
and Mr. Moiyneux 4th. Mr. Saunders was isl for twelve
spring-sown Onions, with splendid examp'es ot White
Leviathan, as large as autumn-sown bulbs ; 2d, Mr.
Vokes ; 4th, Mr. Cox ; the 3d being withheld. For a
like number of autumn-sown bulbs Mr. Amys took ist,
Mr. Axford 3d ; 2d and 4th awards did not appear.
There were twelve entries for the best brace of Cucum-
bers, the prizes going to Mr. Shadwell, gr. to Hay
Morant, Esq , Manor House, Ringwood. lor Tender
and True ; ad, to Mr. Ward, for Newton Hero ; and 3d,
to Messrs. Drover. For the special prizes offered by Mr.
Laxton, of Bedford, for the best twenty-four pods of
Laxton's Evolution Pea. there were ten entries, and Mr.
Saunders had the best. Mr. West the ad best, and Mr.
Fiford the 3d best ; and for a like nmnlier of Laxton's
"John Harrison " Bean there were nine entries, but
only ist (IVIr. R. W<st) and 3d (Mr. Saunders) awards
were made, the samples being too old and rusty. Mr.
Vokes had the best twelve bulbs of Laxton's Sandy
Prize Onion, Mr. Cox ad, and Mr. Ward the 3d.

The Cottagers' Classes were well and keenly con-
tested, and the various exhibits, especially the Potatos,
Onions, cut flowers, and window plants, for the most
part remarkably good.

Not For Competition. — Messrs. Lucombe, Pince
& Co., of E.xeter. staged a remarkably fresh and well
grown lot of foliage and flowering plants, also Roses and
other cut flowers, which were very neatly arranged, and
attracted rtiuch attention from gardeners and amateurs
alike as they entered the large plant tent. These in-
cluded grandly flowered plants of Stephanotis floribunda,
Allamandas nobilis and Hendersoni, Clerodendron Bal-
fourianum. Orchids, &c. Messrs. Cross & Steer, of Salis-
bury, staged several boxes of their Carnations. The
Governor and Louise Ashburton, in fine condition. These
stands, which had a chaste effect in the lower end of
the fruit and cut flower tent, elicited great praise from
visitors, the ladies being loud in their commendations —
as also did the Roses staged by Messrs. Keynes & Co.
We must not omit mentioning that the Hants and Isle
of Wight Beekeepers' Association tent, &c., formed an
interesting feature of the show.

Garden Furniture in every shape — water-barrows,
garden wheel-birrows, galvanised wrought-irun water-
tanks, garden engines, mowing machines, garden tables,
chairs, lounges in great variety, flower vases, hot-water
pipes, tree protectors, wrought-iron garden arches. &c. —
was exhibited immediately inside the entrance to the
show grounds by Mr. Frank Shatders, of 17, High
Street, Southampton, and received its own bhare of
attention from visitors entering and leavingthe gruunds.

One of the features of the Southampton show was a
large exhibition by Lankester & Sons, of Southampton,
of hot-water boilers for horticultural and house healing.
They exhibited thirty boilers, some of them ingeniously
adapted to the back of ordinary fire grates, for healing
houses. The principal boiler, however, was the
"Lankester" horticultural boiler, of which this well
known firm state that it is the most lasting, eflicient,
and economical boiler yet introduced for horticultural
heating. It is made in eleven sizes, and heats from 150
to aooo feet of pipe.

Peterborough Horticultural and Cottage
Garden Society : Aug. 4. — This represented an
attempt to resuscitate an old society. For many years
there was a horticultural show at Pelerborougli, then it
appeared to have got pretty much into the hands of the
clergy, and it got split up into parochial organisations ;
by-and-bye these failed, and for a few years Peterborough
was left without a show. The commencement on this
occision must be held to be decidedly satisfactory ; the
whole thing was worked up in about three months, and
of necessity it had its aspects of imperftction. These
will be improved upon another year, for there appeared
to be so much public support fonhcoiping as to make it
pretty sure the new venture was set fairly afloat. Ihe
show was held under canvas, in what is kniwn as the
Font Hill Field, a portion of the Cathedral precincts, by
the permission of the Dean, and one way of access was
through the Cathedral yard. Two good-sized tents
sufficed to take the exhibits, and no doubt these will not

i86

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August 9, 1884.

only be more numerous another year, but also larger in
size, as exhibitors have a full year before them now in
which to prepare.

The leading feature was the cut Roses, and here Mr.
John House, of the Eastgate Nurseries, came to the
fore, staging fine fresh flowers of remarkable quality for
this season of the year. In the open class Mr. House
was ist with thirty-six single blooms, twenty-four ditto,
and twelve ditto, the most noteworthy flowers being
Baron Hausmann, Mrs. Jowett, Queen of Queens, Ca-
mille Bernardin, Jules Finger, Alfred Colonib, A. K.
Williams, Marie Baumann, Baron Gonella, Mdlle.
Marie Verdier, Mdlle. Eugene Verdier. Madame Victor
Verdier. B'ranfois Michelon, Baroness Rothschild. Harri-
son Weir, and La France ; Messrs. W. & ]. Brown,
nurserymen, Stamford, were 2d. Mr. House also set up
a box of cut blooms of WilUam Allen Richardson, which
created great interest. Mr. House, whose contributions
greatly helped the show, was ist with twelve Gladioli
and twelve Dahlias, showing very good flowers for the
first week in August. In the class for twelve single Dahlias
there was a close run between Messrs. Brown and J.
House, the former having the most perfect specimens,
but both were very good. The best blooms of Car-
nations and Picotees also came from Mr. House.

One of the leading exhibitors was Mr. A. Harding,
gr. to the Dowager Marchioness of Huntley, Orion
Hall, Peterborough. He was ist with the best collec-
tion of stove and greenhouse plants arranged in a group,
Mr. |. House being 2d, and Mr James Loomes, florist,
Whitlesea, 3d. These groups occupied a conspicuous
position down the centre of the large tent. Thus Mr.
Harding had decidedly the best six foliage plants, showing
good stuff of an ordinary character ; Mr. Stringer, gr. to
W. W. Wells, Esq., Holme, being 2d. Exotic Ferns were
also a leading feature, and in the class for eight plants
Mr. Harding secured ist honours, Mr. J. House taking
2d place. In the class for six Ferns, Mr. Stringer was
ist with a very nice fresh lot; Mr. Harding coming 2d.
Caladiums were small, but they were fresh and clean,
and will no doubt be seen to much greater advantage
next year, and the same remarks apply 10 Pelargoniums,
Fuchsias, Gloxinias, &c. In the way of flowering plants
there were some very good Balsams, and the tuberous-
rooted Begonias were decidedly satisfactory and also
improving plants. Mr. Harding staged twelve capital
bunches of hardy flowers ; one exhibitor in this class
had put up single Dahlias under this heading.

Fniit was somewhat restricted in quantity. Mr. W.
Cole, gr. to J. H. Hartley, Esq., Thorpe, had the best
two bunches of Grapes, showing Black Hamburgh — Mr.
J. Razzal, gr. to the Lord Bishop of Peterborough,
being 2d, with some well-coloured Alicanles. Mr.
Harding was 2d for white Muscats that were
unripe. Mr. J. House had the best collection of
fruits : Mr. W. Clark, The Gardens, Thorpe Hall,
being 2d. In the way of hardy fruits, Lord Suflield and
Potts' Seedling were well shown as culinary, and the red
Juneating as dessert Apples. There were some excellent
Jargonelle Pears, Bon Chretien and Doyenn^d'Ete being
also shown. Some very fine Apricots were staged.

Mr. G. Rogers, Whiulesea, had the best collection of
vegetables, Mr. Harding being 2d. In all the vegetable
classes— open, amateurs, and cottagers — good vege-
tables were shown, but it would be a decided improve-
ment if the Potatos were shown washed. Lye's Favour-
ite, a coloured round, appears to do well in this locality ;
and very fine Myatt's Ashleaf were exhibited. School-
master turns out well in this locality.

There were classes for bouquets, table decorations,
buttonholes. &c., in which the competitors were ladies.
There was also a class in which some excellent honey
was shown, and a large and interesting contribution in
this way was made by Mr. J. Howard, a local bee-master
of some repute. "Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Stanstead
Park Nursery, sent a stand of cut blooms of very fine
Begonias ; while Mr. T. Cook, a local seedsman, set up
a collection of garden appliances, flowers, &c.. that was
highly commended. There was a large attendance, and
the character of the weather was all that could be
desired.

Buckingham Horticultural : July 29. — This
Society is one of the oldest in the kingdom, having,
we understand, been established some fifty-five years,
and held exhibitions uninterruptedly during that time.
On the present occasion the display in the various classes
was quite equal to the average in quantity, and in most
cases the exhibits were of a superior character. The
show was held in the grounds belonging to G. R. Ellis,
Esq.. which are nicely situated, and convenient to the
town — a matter of no shght importance, as the public,
although they enjoy the handsome flowers and fine fruit,
do not usually like to travel far to see them.

In the open class for twelve ornamental plants, the
prizes given by the Hon. J. G. Hubbard, M.P., and
Lifut. -Colonel Morgan, there was only one competitor
— Mr. Miller, gr. to R. Loder, Esq., Whittlebury, who
was isl with a creditable collection, the best of which
were Croton majesticus, C. angustifofius, nicely
coloured ; Latania borbonica, and Areca sapida, all
large and in nice condition. Six ornamental plants. —
ist, Mr. Hickinbottom, gr. to A. Byass, Esq.. with a
moderate-sized half-dozen, containing Latania bor-
bonica and Seaforthia elegans. two serviceable Palms
for decorative purposes. Single foliage plant. — ist. Mr.
Haskins, who had Pandanus Vuitchii in good condition ;
2d, Mr. T. P. Willis.

In the class for a group of plants arranged for effect
there was only one exhibitor — Mr. Haskins. gr. to the
Duke of Buckingham, Stowe, who had ist with a pretty
lot of plants very nicely arranged and well chosen as to
both form and colour.

Six stove and greenhouse plants in bloom. Here Mr.

Miller took the lead with a group, in which was Alla-
manda Schottii, large and well flowered. Single stove
or greenhouse plant. — ist, Mr. Miller, with an AUa-
manda.

Ferns were well shown, in mostly moderate-sized
plants and fresh as to condition. In the open class for
six Mr. Miller was again rst. with well grown plants, the
best of which were Asplenium nidus-avis, Adiantum
Farleyense, and Woodwardia radicans ; 2d, Mr. T. P.
Willis.

In the division confined to members of the Society,
the ist prize for six stove and greenhouse plants in
flower was awarded to Mr. Miller, for the best collection
in the show. Amongst them was a beautifully bloomed
Dipladenia amabilis, a well grown specimen, with large
flowers and fine healthy foliage; BougainvlUea glabra,
and Allamanda Schottii. Single stove or greenhouse
plant. — ist, Mr. Miller ; 2d, Mr. J. de Fraine. Ferns in
this division also were well shown, Mr. Miller here like-
wise having ist honours, with a fresh, well grown half
doz^n, in which was Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum Far-
leyense, and Lygodium scandens, the latter trained in
the form of a cylinder ; 2d, Mr. T. P. Willis. Single
foliage plant. — ist, Mr. Hickinbottom, with a clean,
well managed example of Latania borbonica. Six tuber-
ous Begonias. — ist, Mr. Thorpe. Four Fuchsias. — With
these Mr. Hickinbottom took the lead, having moderate-
sized examples ; 2d, Mr. Thorpe. .Six zonal Pelargo-
niums.—In this class Mr. J. de Fraine had 1st, Mr.
Thorpe 2d.

Cut Flowers. — Of these there was a large display,
forming one of the principal features of the show. In the
open class for twelve bunches Mr. Haskins was isl,
showing a good collection ; 2d, Mr. W. S. Miller.
Twelve bunches oi cut flowers (members of the Society
only). — Here Mr. Swann, gr. to Lord Penrhyn, Wicken
Park, took ist, with a nicely arranged collection ; Mr.
Haskins being a close 2d. Six bunches hardy herbace-
ous flowers. — ist, Mr. Haskins ; 2d, Mr. Anstiss. Roses
were only moderate, taken as a whole, but in the class
for twenty-four varieties, three blooms of each, Mr.
Mattock, New Headington Nurseries, had ist honours,
with, for the advanced time, a very good stand ; 2d. Mr.
Ridge. Twelve single blooms. — In this class also Mr.
Mattock took the lead, staging a nice lot of flowers ; 2d,
Mr. Ridge. Tea varieties were beautifully shown by
Mr. Mattock, who was ist with twelve. Twenty-lour
varieties of Pelargoniums. — ist, Mr. Mattock ; 2d, Mr.
Tailby. Twelve smgle Dahhas. — ist, Mr. Mattock ; 2d,
Mr. Haskins.

Mr. Haskins was the only competitor in the class for a
dinner-table laid out with fruit and flowers, or with
flowers alone, and well deserved the ist prize awarded
him. The arrangement was remarkable for its simple
elegance, so different from the overdone affairs often
met with. Comparatively few flowers were used, and
these were placed thinly amongst a groundwork of Ferns
for the base of the centre siand, and around the two
small Palms used right and left ; small specimen glasses,
with a spray of Fern and a small flower or two each
completed the arrangement, Mr. Haskins was equally
successful with a bouquet, staging a nice example, prin-
cipally composed of white flowers, with a little blue and
pink ; 2d, Mr. Anstiss. Nine buttonhole bouquets. —
Here, again, Mr. Haskins took the lead with a very pretty
lot ; Mr. Tailby was a good 2d.

Fruit was staged in moderate quantity and fair con-
dition, but some of the Grapes were unripe. In the
open class for eight dishes Mr. Willis was ist, showing
a nice collection, the best of which were Grapes, Peaches,
Nectarines, and a Melon ; 2d, Mr. Prici, gr. to the Hon.
Percy Barrington, Westbury Manor, in whose exhibit the
Peaches and Nectarines were very good. Eight dishes
of fruit, confined to members of the Society only. — ist,
Mr. J. de Fraine, with a creditable lot, containing Black
Hamburgh Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, and a Melon; 2d,
Mr. Humphreys, gr. to Colonel Drummond. Two
bunches of black Grapes. — ist, Mr. Price, who had
medium-sized, very well coloured fruit, a little rubbed in
carriage; 2d, Mr. Miller, Two bunches of white Grapes.
— ist, Mr. Richardson. Dish of Peaches. — ist, Mr.
Price, with fine, fully ripe fruit ; 2d, Mr. Willis. Dish
of Nectarines. — With these Mr. Price was also 1st,
staging large handsome fruit ; 2d, Mr. de Fraine. Dish
of Apricots, —ist, Mr. Price ; 2d, Mr. Sturdy. Cherries.
1st, Mr. W. C. Pierc3 ; 2d, Mr. Holton. Strawberries.
— ist, Mr. Swann ; 2d, Mr. Humphreys. Melon. — ist,
Mr. Price ; 2d, Mr. A. C. Rogers.

Farnham Royal: July %\. — Held in a small
field in the charming rural Buckinghamshire village
which gives it its name, and in glorious weather, this
originally established cottage gardeners' society has now
taken a wider field of opirrations, and offers prizes not
only to local gardeners, but also to growers for the
neighbouring markets, so that the sympathy of most of
the gardening classes is enlisted. An odd feature for a
society under special clerical patronage was the intro-
duction of a special enclosure for dancing in the evening,
and many swains and lasses, in the presence of their
admiring, perhaps envious elders, tripped it gaily on the
light fantastic toe. The flower show is, in fact, a sort
of local /r/^, and is thus made to promote the happiness
of rich and poor together. A roomy tent, devoted almost
exclubively to the gardeners' classes, was made exceed-
ingly gay by means of nearly a dozen pretty plant groups
of divers forms and attractiveness, the best of which
came from Mr. Finlayson. gr. to L. S. Hall. Esq., Farn-
ham Chase. This was a pretty and tastefully arranged
group, consisting of the customary plants. Mr. Lirt. gr.
to S. L. Price, Esq., Farnham Royal, was 2d ; and Mr.
J. Hussey, gr. to Lady Paulet, of the same place, was

equal 3d, with Mr. Collings, gr. to E. R. Arden, Esq.,
all having nice collections. A group exhibited by Mr.
Powell, gr. to Montague Williams, Esq , also ol Farn-
ham Royal, was Highly Commended.

Mr. Finlayson took the ist prize for a collection of
fruit with black and white Grapes, fine Walburton
Admirable Peaches. Elruge Nectarines, High Cross
Hybrid Melon, and other fruits ; Mr. Powell was ad
with black and white Cherries, fine Lancashire Lad and
Green Gage Gooseberries, &c. Mr. Finlayson received a
welUmeriled commendation for a fine plant of Cleroden-
dron failax. superbly flowered. Mr. Mitchell was the
only exhibitor in the trade growers" classes, having some
beautiful hardy fruit, and also capital vegetables. He
also staged a good collection of Potatos, chiefly Ameri-
can kinds, and whilst showing a very handsome dish of
the old striped Juneating Apple. Mr. Powell had a not less
handsome lot of the old and rare white Juneating Apple.
Cottagers' fruits were excellent, the best six dishes, all
of great merit, consisting of Raspberries, white, red and
black Currants, Gooseberries, and Early Julien Apples.
The best four dishes of Potatos were Priz':rtaker, Read-
ing Russet. Schoolmaster, and Cosmopolitan, and the
best white kidney was the latter also— a very fine sample ;
Ashleaf Kidney coming next. Schoolmaster was the
best round, being followed by Silver&kin and Reading
Russet. Throughout the whole of the cottagers' classes
the quality was excellent, and the competition good.
Forty-three wild flower nosegays were staged by school
children, and were the brightest of the kind we have seen
this season. The neighbourhood of streams and ponds
enabled the exhibitors to gather many rich-coloured
flowers, including the beautiful rosy-flowered Lylhrum
Salicaria, and the belter known Mullein ; also sprigs of
the cherry-coloured Willow Herb, yellow and blue Corn-
flowers, Harebells, Scabious, hardy Heaths in various
forms, and many beautilul flowers, showing the locality
to have no lack of Nature's floral productions. That the
show was held in the midst of harvest work did not seem
to detract from its popularity.

Warwick Amateurs' and Cottagers' Show :
July 30. — This was the fourth exhibition of what is a
flourishing society, and what is peculiar about it is. that
only boiidfide amateurs and cottage gardeners and allot-
ment holders are permitted to exhibit, and so rigidly is
the qualification of an amateur held to, that a person
who is in most respects a bomi fide amateur had his
exhibits refused, because a few weeks ago he joined
another in growing Tomatos for market.

Hitherto the exhibitions of the Society have been held
in the Corn Exchange of the county town, but last year
it was found quite inadequate for the purpose. A desire
was e.\pressed to hold the show in the Castle grounds,
and a site was offered, but it was held by the committee
to be one so generally inconvenient, that it had to be
refused. The show was therefore taken to the exhibition
building, a spacious erection near to the railway station
— a model building in its way, being composed of wood,
corrugated iron, and glass, and covering a large extent
of ground. It is well adapted for exhibition purposes,
save and except that the ventilation is a little defective.
Long lengths of tables were placed down the buildings,
an asphalted space of considerable extent in the centre
being reserved for promenading and dancing in the
evening. Most valuable collections of plants, not for
competition, greatly helped the show. Mr. A. D.
Christie, of Warwick Castle Gardens, sent some which
were placed in one of the central stages. On the corre-
sponding stage, Mr. West, gr. to T. W. Arkwright,
Esq., set up an excellent lot ; while Mr. R. Greenfield,
gr. to Thos. Lloyd, Esq., of The Priory, and Mr. Moor-
house, gr. to G. H. Wilson, Esq., Ernscote, sent many
plants that did well to place against the exterior walls,
and form effective groups near the orchestra and other
places. Three fine plants of Datura suaveolens, fur-
nished by Mr. T. H. Kendall, were objects of consider-
able interest, and their large white flowers emitted a
powerful fragrance.

The plants shown by amateurs consisted of Begonias,
Fuchsias, Pelargoniums. Liliums, i&c., generally nicely
grown and flowered. Cut flowers, unfortunately, were
placed in a part of the building where the sun's rays fell
upon them, and they soon showed signs of exhaustion.
There were Roses, greenhouse and hardy flowers,
Dahlias, Asters, Zinnias, Stocks, Pansies, Carnations,
and Picotees — the most successlul exhibitor of the three
last-named was Mr. Thomas Haynes, formerly of Derby,
a Tulip grower of good repute a few years ago. and now
the curator of the Warwick Free Library. In the garden
at the rear of this building he still grows a few Tulips in
addition to those named above, and not a few other
things, such as Stocks, Delphiniums, &c.

Amateurs' fruit was mainly of a hardy character, and
comprised Strawberries, Plums, Cherries. &c., and in
their several classes there were very fine Gooseberries in
considerable variety. Raspberries, Currants, &c.

Vkgetables — Of these there was a considerable
extent, and while in most classes the keenest competition
ensued, it was principally in the Potato cl-isses that the chief
battles were (ought. The Potato fancy finds a congenial
home at Warwick, and one of the lending growers is Mr.
H. J. Banks, a prominent tradesman in the town. In the
cl;iss for four varieties he was well ahead with Grampian,
International Kidney, Vicar of Laleham, und Radstock
Beauty. He also staged four dishes in duplicate that
would have taken the ist prize in the absence of the
others. They were Woodstock Kidney. I'rlnkworth's
Beauty (one of the Rose type). Vicar of Laleham,
and Adirondack ; 2d, Mr. H. J. Piiyton. with
Queen of the Valley, \'icar of Laleham, Bresee's Pro-
htic, and Bountiful. Mr. Banks had the best dish of
White Kidney, staging International ; Mr. J. W.

August 9, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

187

Glover being ad wilh the same, and Mr. G- Stevens 3^,
with Snowdrop. In the class for coloured kidneys. Mr.
Stevens was ist, with Mr. Bresee in excellen form ;
Mr. R. M. Divers being 2d, with Bountiful, and Mr.
Banks 3d, with the same. Mr. Banks had the best dish
of white round, suiging White Emperor, which was
perhaps the premier dish in the whole show ; Mr. S. W.
Cooke was 2d, with Sutton's First and Best. In the
class for a dish of coloured round, Mr. Banks was ist,
with Reading Russet, very fine, staging also a very fine
dish of Blanchard ; Mr. Glover was 2d, with Vicar of
Lrileham, and Mr. Chaplin 3d. with Reading Russet.
Mr. Fosbrooke had the best collection of six vegetables,
and Mr. H. J. Banks the best four dishes of fruits.

Bouquets, table-decorations, and the like, were largely
shown, and were in some instances of much merit.

Prizes were oflfered for collections of plants, fruits, and
vegetables, shown by dealers. The ist prize went to Mr.
C. Wilson, seedsman and fruiterer, Warwick, who
staged a fine collection, the fruit and vegetables being
particularly good. Mr. J. Morris, seedsman, Warwick,
was 2d.

The productions of cottagers were numerous, and
dtrserving of mu^h praise. It was staled that each year
finds a keener competition, one result being that the
prize-money is more equally distributed than in former
years. The Rinksian Medal of the Royal Horticultural
Society was offered to the cottager taking the greatest
mmiber of ist prizes, the fortunate winner being Joseph
Bumford, a labouring man, who has obtained his honours
only by persistent eftort.

Mr, V. Perkins, nursi;ryman, Leamington ; Mr. Wills,
of the same place, Mr. |. Forbes. Hawick ; Mr. R.
Greenfield, of the Priory Gardens, Warwick, contributed
a great quantity of cut blooms ol a niisce.Uneous charac-
ter. It IS to the exertions of the last mentioned gen-
tleman that so much of the success of the show is due,

specimens of Ericas, namely two of E. Juliana and three
of E. tricolor major. Dr H. P. Walcott showed six
seedling Delphiniums of 1833 and 1884. Mr. Parkman
made a large display of Iris Kcempferi. Miss E. M.
Harris showed cut Hollyhocks, and three other exhi-
bitors mide good displays of the same flowers including
some specimens of the double Japanese varieties. A
Correspottdcnt.

Massachusetts Horticultultural Society : Bos-
ion, Jtine 28. — The free weekly exhibition of the
Society held to-day was not as large as usual, from the
fact that the annual Rose and Strawberry show occurred
a few days previous. Miss S. H. Story exhibited a large
collection of cut flowers, Mr. C. M. Hovey showed a
seedling Syringa. five seedling Cacti, one cut specimen of
Aloe mitrjeformis, and two specimens of Pseonias, Emile"
Lenioine and Florence Hovey. Mr. S. Lockwood, jun,,
exhibited a basket of Cherries.

Juh S- — This was prize day for Delphiniums. Dr.
H. P. Walcott exhibited fine spikes of these flowers,
and was awarded ist prize ; Mr. B. G. Smith took
the 2d prize, and he also had a large collection of
other plants. Mr. C. M. Hovey showed the native
Rhododendron maximum. Mr. F. Parkman exhibited
, seedlings of Iris Kasmpferi. Mr. E. Sheppard a fine col-
lection of Phlox Drummondi and Sweet Williams. Mr.
N. Manning, ol Readmg, Mass., showedalarge collection
of herbaceous plants, all of which were carefully named,
and which, to many persons, was the most interesting col-
lection in the hall. The following were some of the plants
shown : — Lilium elegans bicolor, L. elegans Beni, L.
elegans Natsuiii, L. elegans Incomparable, L elegans
grandiflorum. L. elegans muUifiorum grandiflorum, L.
«legans staminosum, L. elegans ciirinum, L parda-
linum, L. candidum, L. concolor, L. bulbiferum,
Alyssum ; Malva, white and pink ; Sedum Maximouet-
skei. Spiraea Ulmaria. S. Ulmaria fohis variegatis ;
Delphinium simplex, D. formosum, D. grandiflorum, D.
grandiflorum coelestinum ; Achillea Millefolium roseum,
A. aegypatica, A nivea ; Lathyrus litifolius. Yucca
angusti'folia. Polemonium cceruleum. Genista tinctoria,
Aquilegia chrysantha. Centaurea calocephala. Anthemis
tinctoria, yellow and white ; Pentstemon barbatum var.
Torreyi, P. pubescens. Heliopsis lasvis, Gypsophila
paniculata, Dicentra eximia, Lyihrum Salicaria, Betunica
officinalis, Veronica spicaia, light and dark blue ; Lych-
nis chalcedonica. B. Moore & Son made a large dis-
play of hybrid purpeiual Roses, and also Mr. W. H.
Spooner. Mr. H. Partridge showed black Tartarian
Cherries, and Mr. S. Lockwood, gr.. Goes transparent
Gage, both of which were awarded a ist prize. The
Belle do Bavay, a new variety of Plum, was shown by
Mr. B. J. Smith. Mr. W. Henstis showed the Hender-
son Cabbage, and Mr. |. Crosby, White E'ottugal
Onions.

July 12. — The free weekly exhibition (odsy
was a very good one, both fruits and flowers being well
represented. David Allen, gr. to Mr. R. M. Pratt,
exhibited the following Orchids : — Dendrobium Dearei.
Laslia majalis, Cypripedmm Swanianum, Epidendrum
vitellinura. Aerides maculosum. Messrs. Hovey & Co.
showed two Orchids, viz., Lcelia purpurata and Vanda
tricolor, as well as a small plant of the new Statice
Suworowi. Mr. W. Mmning. Reading. Mass., exhi-
bited a large collection of herbaceous plants, all care-
fully named, among which the following were noticed : —
Campanula trachelium. Lilium pardalinum, Betonica
officinalis, Lathyrus laiifolius. Tanacetum vulgare. T.
nivulum, Lilium testaceum, Coreopsis lanceolata, Coni-
mehna rapunculoides, Centaurea calocephala, Papaver
alpinum. Miss S. H. Story showed the following, all
carefully named : — Gypsophila paniculata, Dianthus
barbalus. Galium boreale. Helianlhus multifloru'^.
Achillea Millefolium, Coronilla coronaria, Delphinium,
Lythrum Salicaria. Spirasa sorbifolia, Lythrum lalifolium,
Aconitum Napellus, Coreopsis lanceolata, Spirasa
Ulmaria, Mr. R. T. Jackson exhibited a large coUecUon
of alpine and other flowers, some of which were collected
by him in Switzerland, among which are — Erythra^a
diffusa. Campanula cag>pitosa. CEnolhera fruticosa, and
Lilium martagon var. Dalmaticum, Campanula rotundi-
foUa, and a double variety of Lychnis chalcedonica. the
last two being cultivated native plants. Mr. S. Gardener
showed Hymenocallis macrostephana and five handsome

S TA TB OF THE WE A THER A T BLA CKHEA TH, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, August 6, 1884.

Hygrome.

trigal De.

Karo.meter

Temperature of
THE Air.

duclions

from
Claisher's

Wind.

i

Tables 6th

Q

Edilion

0

I
•e.

z

<

u jE

1

s-

1

0

1

i

c4

2

:)ew Point.

Degree of
Humidity.
Sat. = 100.

*j e

n

<a

s a

1

a

July

In, In.

J

. 1 . .

\ •

In.

.3'

79.99 -ho 24

78.0

S6 0 33.0 06 8

+ 4 5JS9."

77

N W

0 CO

AUE.

I

^9-8/

+0 12

80.5

i7 023.5|67 9

+ s.Sjsg 0

83{

N.W. :
N.E.

0.00

3

«,;8

-foo3

%5

58 s 35.0

68.9

+ 6.6

S7 3

65

W.

0.03

3

2991

-1-016

73 5

540 19-5

62 0

— 03

iio; 70

N.W.

0.00

4 30.07

-1-0.32

73.0

51-5 »>.S

603

— > 9

495

M

N.W.

0 CO

5 3»0«

-(-0.3.

77.0

46 oiji.o

6i.4

— 0.7

so.o

.sj

N.W. :

N.E.

Q.OO

6 *)53

-foig

79.0

,3.0 27 0

65 0

+ 2.9

556

T

S.E.

O.CO

Mean' 39.94

-f 0 7X3

778

'^^y_

a4 6

+ 34

1

54.7I 12

N.W. 0 00

July 31. — Very fine Hay and ni^ht, occasionally overcast.
Aug. I. — Very fine day and night.

2. —Very fine day and night. Lunar halo.

— 3. —Fine day. bright intervals. Fine clear eight.

— 4 —Fine day and night.

— 5. — Very fine day and night.

— 6. — Very fine day and night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August 2, the reading of the barometer de-
creased from 29.92 inches at the beginning of the
week to 29.81 inches by 9 A.M. on the 27th, increased
to 30 14 inches by 9 A.M. on the 2S[h, decreased to
30 oS inches by 9 A.M. on the 29th, increased to
30 2t inches by 9 A.M. on July 30, decreased to 30.19
inches by 3 P M., and increased to 30.21 inches by
midnight on the same day, decreased to 29 93 by
9 A.M. on August 2, and was 30 02 inches by the end
of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.07 inches, being o. 11 inch higher than last
week, anti 0.14 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 83°.5, on August 2 ; the
highest on July 27 was 67". The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 73°.9.

The lowest temperature was 52°, on July 31 ; on
July 30 and August 2 the lowest temperature was
58^.5. The mean of the seven low night temperatures
« as 55". 7.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was 25",
on August 2 ; the smallest was 13°, on July 29 and
30. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 18". 2.

The mean temperatures were — on July 27th, 59°.7 ;
on the 28th, 59°. 4 ; on the 29th, 6i".6 ; on the 30ih,
63°. 5 ; on the 3tst, 66°. 8 ; on August 1st, (>f.<);
and on August 2d, 68". 9, Of these the first three
were below their average by 2°. 5, 2". 8, and 0*.7
respectively ; and the last four were above by i''.2,
4°, 5, 5°. 6, and 6°. 6, respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 64*, being
4^.5 higher than lastweek, and 1^.7 above the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was I39°.5, on August 2, The mean of the seven
readings was 120". I.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 44°. 5, on July 27lh.
The mean of the seven readings was 48^,

j?a!«.— Rain fell on the 27ih, 2Sih, and 29lh of
July, to the amount of 0.41 inch,

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 2 the highest temperatures were 83°. 5, at
Blackheath, 8l°.S at Nottingham, 80° at Truro and
l^ristol ; the highest at Cambridge and Sunderland
was 69°, at Brighton 74°. The general mean was
77'. 2.

The lowest temperatures in the week were 44' at
Cambridge and Sunderland, 46° at Hull ; the lowest
at Blackheath was 52°, at Liverpool SI°.7, at Ply
mouth and Preston 51°. 5. The general mean was
49°- 2.

The greatest ranges were 32°. 8 at Wolverhampton,
32° at Hull, 31°. 5 at Blackheath ; the smallest ranges
were 22°. 7 at Brighton, and 25° at Cambridge and
Sunderland, The general mean was 28'.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Blackheath, 73°.9, at Truro 72'.4, at
Brighton 72° j and was lowest at Cambridge and
Sunderland, 63°, at Bradford 64°.6. The general
mean was 68°. 2,

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton and Preston, 56°, 5, at Liverpool
56 .4 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, Si°.8, at
Cambridge and Sunderland 52°.2, The general mean
was 54°.s.

The mean daily range was greatest at Blackheath,
l8°.2, at Truro 18°, at Nottingham l6°.8 ; and was
least at Bradford, 9°. 3, at Preston 9°. 9, at Cambridge
and Sunderland Io°.8. The general mean was 13°. 7,

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
64°, at Brighton 62°,4, at Truro 6l°.6 ; and was
lowest at Cambridge and Sunderland, 55°. 8, at Bol-
ton 57°-5 The general mean was 59°. 5.

kain. — The largest falls were 0.90 inch, at Ply-
mouth, 0.84 inch at Bristol, o 50 mch at Preston ;
the smallest falls were 0.04 inch at Truro and ilull,
0.08 inch at Cambridge and Sunderland, The
general mean fall was 0.34 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 2 the highest temperature was 74°, at
Glasow ; at Aberdeen the highest was 65°.3. The
general mean was 69'. 6.

The lowest temperature in the week was 40°.9, at
Greenock ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 48°.9,
The general mean was 45", 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
59°. I, and lowest at Aberdeen, 56°, The general
mean was 57°.4.

Rain. — The largest fall was 0.18 inch, at Edin-
burgh ; and the smallest fall was 0.07 inch, at Aber-
deen. The general mean fall was o. 10 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F,R,S.

Variorum.

Sarracenia rubra, Walt,, grows in sandy soil,
principally on the plains habitually inundated during
the months of April and May, but where the water
does not exceed a few centimetres in depth. This
species never exceeds 30 cent, in height, with
extremely slender pitchers, the diameter of which is
never more than ij cent, j there are many different
varieties remarkable tor a pretty reddish tint. Roezl,
in *^ La Belgique Horiicole."

The Bower Bird. — Our attention was here
attracted by a peculiar looking bed under a bush close
by our track, and two heaps of snail-shells and bits of
white limestone close outside the bed. This we at
first took for a black fellow's "gunyah," or hut, but
on dismounting we found it to be a bower-bird's
bower, or playground. The bower was constructed
of long fine grass, closely matted together, and firmly
fixed to the bush above and on each side at about
2 feet from the ground, thus forming a pretty little
arch. The ground inside the bower was closely
carpeted with the same kind of grass, and in th*
centre, which was slightly hollow, there was a hand-
full of the green berries of Alphitonia excelsa and
Carissa ovata, which evidently had not been brought
there to be eaten, but through a whim of those
singular birds. The bower was not above 2 feet
long, and there were two neally constructed arched
entrances at one end, but only one large one at the
other. One of the heaps contained 200 or 300 shells,
but the other only forty or fifty. We saw no birds,
P. A. O'Shanesy on the Flora of Queensland,

Sarracenia psittacina, Mchx., is met with in
similar positions in the plains, but it shows a pre-
ference for little hillocks 15 — 30 cm. in height, where
it is sheltered from the direct force of the inundation
although its roots still enter the water. The leaves
of this species grow in a horizontal direction, or even
downwards, on those specimens which are seen in
their natural station, hence there are pretty rose-
coloured tufts which are more conspicuous t>ecause
each plant bears on the average twenty to thirty leaves.
The size of the pitchers is not remarkable, the largest
that I have seen were scarcely 12 cent, in length by
2 cm, in diameter, I found this pretty species, too
sparingly diffused over Europe, on a vast prairie
burnt by fire ; only a few plants remained, in all the
rest the above-ground portions had become a prey
to the flames, and the search for the plant was there-
fore surrounded by special difficulties, Roezl, in "La
Belgique Horticole,^^

1 88

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884.

©Ijituars.

We regret to record the deaih of Miss Emily J.
Leonard, of Meriden, Ct., U.S A., on July i6,
aged forty-six, widely known for her botanical allaih-
inents and as a classical scholar and writer on
pnli'ical ecnnumy. She was an accomplished French,
German, Latin, and Italian scholar; translated
liianqui's roliiical Economy, which is now used as a
text-book in many colleges, and was also noted as an
eloquent and interesting publ c speaker. She was
born in Meriden, Ct., and began life as a school-
teacher. Ot late years s-he has devoted herself to
Eciehiific and literary studies.

John L. GAKDr.NER.— Also, on July 24, the

death of | -ho L. Gardener, of Bronklme, Mass.,
US. A., near Boston. He was a son of the late
S imucl P. Gardener, whose picture'^que mansion and
Sjjacious garden, stretching back from Summer Street
nearly opposite Ilawley S'rcet, were very attractive
features of the Boston cf forty years ago, Mr.
Gardener was a graduate of Harvard College of the
class 1821. He retired from business many years
ago, and devoted himself to the care of his property.
Mr. Gardener had a marked fondness for horti-
culture, and the excellence of the productions of his
grounds was shown in the number of prizes awarded
to him by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, of
which he was a Life Member. He was eighty years of
age at the time of his death.

inquiries.

" //*■ that queUioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

* >^ The attention of our readers is particularly requested
to the following questions, in the hope that some of
them may kindly furnish suitable replies.

Can any of our readers inform W. Reid where plants
of Molospermum cicutarium and Montagnea heraclei-
folia can be procured ? Ed.

Daphne pontica.— A fine bush of this, after having
occupied the same position for several years, is now
dying branch by branch without obvious cause. Can
any reader suggest the cause or remedy ? The drought
may have accelerated the death.

Deodara Wood. — I should feel greatly obliged if
some of your numerous correspondents, would
favour me with some more information respecting the
wood of this tree — il imported into b-ngland from India,
where it can be got, and the price? If not imported, is
it possible to get it at a reasonable rate for use here in
place of the immature red deal now in use in this
country ? Your correspondent speaks so highly of its
size, durability, &c. , that I am anxious to know more
about it, and would be thankful to any one for informa-
tion as above. Charles F. Garry.

Peaches and Nf.ctarines. — What good-sized
Peach or Nectarine comes in next after Hales' Early, so
as to fill up the interregnum of ten days between that
and the next to ripen? Early Albert and Dr. Hogg 1
find unsatisfactory, or no earlier than Royal George and
the usual run of good mid-season sorts. Golden Eagle is
a fine addition to late sorts. E. H. W,

Answers to Correspondents.

O. P, Your article will appear in an early

Begonias :
number.

Botanical Drawing : A'. By far the best treatise is
that published some years ago by Fitch in these
columns, but unfortunately it has not been
reprod uced , except in a French version. Copy
those figures, and when by practice you have obtained
some dexterity of hand, draw some simple leaf from
Nature, proceeding gradually to more complex thing*;.
If your object be to become a botanical draughtsman,
eschew at first all attempt at what is called artistic
drawing. Truth, and completeness of form, outline,
and perspective, are what you must aim at specially,
not suggestive picturesqueness. Accurate reproduc-
tion, not imagination, is what is required.

Carnations : E. M. E. We cannot undertake to
name florists' flowers. The same answer appUes to
" W. M. B."

Diseased Larch: H. S. M. From your description the
trees are badly affected with the Larch aphis, Chermes
abietis. We should cut them down and burn them.
Properly prepared petroleum emulsion might be tried
with a fire-engine, if expense were no object.

Exhibition Rules : M. H. The rule is a stringent
one, but it is one that is very necessary in the interests
of both judges and exhibitors, and should always be
adhered to. We think members of the committee
should abstain from exhibiting. Gardeners can have
no special cause for complaint even if they are not
re.idruilted till 3 P.M., as they have already seen every-
thing early in the morning.

Sewage : W. M. Your drainage being doubtless much
diluted, could be carried from its receptacle, in water-

carts having a hose attached, and be applied to unfed
grass-land, to the lawns, and also to sirong growing
crops in the kitchen garden ; or it might be made to
enrich compost-heaps. Vine borders, old orchard land
under gra^>, &c. The earth (if dry) quickly dec dorises
all such ni.iiters, when not uaed m excess.
Gi-'JGER-BEEK : Tea-lotalUr. Yes, decidedly, if yeast is
used the tlnid will contain alcohol, Hnd e^en jf >east be
nut inlenuonally added, the natural process of (er-
nirnlation will result in the formation of alcohol. If
you wish to avoid this, buy some ginger-beer powders
of the chemibt. Tht^y consist of tartaric or citric ac.d,
and of carbonate of soda, but cunt-iui no alcohol.

Grapes Doing Badly : H. G. Jones. By your own
proving, the evils complained ol ari^elrom the ill-made
Vine border, wherein the Vines may wander as wide
and as deep as they are able into ihert-lure poor,
inffriile soil, at a great distance from the surface.
Replant them carefully, and make a proper border for
iht-ni, and the Vines will rejiny you any reasonable
outlay in that direction.

Insects : Camjee. The Insect sent, which came out of
an imporifd Orchid root, is the larva ol a bteile (new
to us) allied to the genus Cebrio. It is now full-
grown, and will do no more injury to your plants. W.
— /. M. The nnnute insect eggs found on the Poly-
gonum aviculare h.ive hatch' d into the very small
larvie of one of the Chrysonielidie, or plant beetles.
They are evidently those ot the Chrysoniela (Phn^don)
polygoni, Linn. XV.

Names of Plants: M. Sison Amomum. — \\'. R.
Sophronites grandidora and Oncidium concolor. — A.
O. Walker. Mulgedium sibiricum, Odontoglossum
Wallisii ; the Pehrgonium we fail to identify — it is
probably a garden variety. — VV. M. B. , Neath.
Echinops sph^erocephala, the Globe Thistle. — G. Ber^-
viaji. New York. Oncidium concolor. — G. L. M.
Dendrobium calceolus.

Pelargonium : G. L. M. A variegated Pelargonium,
with semi-double blooms, is uncommon, and is worthy
of propagation.

PICOTEE : G. T. D. Fish. A nice regular bloom, that
would, under good cultivation by a florist, develope
some superior points, and is at any rale an excellent
border kind, if sufificiently robust and free-flowering.

Rose : East End. We cannot undertake to name Roses.
Better send to a specialist for the name.

1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the Post
Office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholbsalh Prices,

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway. N — Bulbs.

W. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, N— Bulbs.

Fred. Burvenich PBRE.Ghentbrugge. Belgium— Vines,

Strawberries, Chrysanthemums, &c.
Waite, Nash, Huggins & Co., 79, Southwark Street,

S.E,— Bulbs.
W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling— Bulbs.
Dammanr&Co., Portici, Naples — Vegetable and Flower

Seeds.
Louis Van Houtte, Ghent— Bulbs.

Communications Received. — H. C. G. (Figs, next weel;).
— H. W. W.— W. H.— J. M.— Roberlson Munro (too late for
this week).— H. E. Ryde.— H. N. E.— J. S. B.— P , Lofoden
Isles.-J R.— C. B. P.— W. J. L.— W. P. (Apples, next
wetk).-C. M. O.— J. O'B.— Wanderer.— J. R. J.-H. E.

arluts.

COVENT GARDEN, August 7.

Prices for soft fruit have been well maintained, and,
with supplies falling off, the demand has been good.
House fruit is dull, James Webber^ Wholesale Apple
Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

f . d. s. d.
Cherries, J^-sieve .. 7 0-12 o
Currants, black, per
J^-sieve ..
— red, J4 J-ieve ..
Figs, per dozen ..
Grapes, per lb.

3 5--'
36-40
20-30
16-30

s.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case.. 10 o- 14 o
Melons, each . . 26-40

Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 36-46
— St. Michael's, each 20-50
Strawberries, per lb. 04-10
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-10 o

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-,*

— Cos, each ., 02- ,.
Marrows, each .. o 3- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- .,
Mushrooms, p. b.iAkt. 10-30
Onions, per bunch .. o 6- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch., o g- .,
Peas. English, quart 16-..
Radishes, per doz. .. 16-..
Rhubaib, per bund. 04-06
Small salading, j,er

punret ..04-..

Spinach, per strike.. 30- ..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun. .. 08-..

J. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . ..20-40

Asparagus, English,
per 100 .. ..40-80

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, lb. 04-.-

Beet, per doz. .. 10-..

Cabbages, per doz. . . 10- . .

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ...

CauliHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen., .. 40-60

Celery, per bundle.. 16-36

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen .. ..20-..

Garlic, per lb, .. 06- ..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

PoTATOS.— Old Potatos finished. New — Jersey kidneys much
diseased— stopped coming ; Kent kidneys, j£6 to XiS per ton.

X. d. s. d.
Aralia Siebaldi, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vita; (golden),

per duien . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, (crdo? ,. 4 0-12 o
Calceolarias, pM do7. 4 o- q o
Lock c< mb-, d z. .. 3^-00
Coitus, V.I. ious, d It 30 60
Cyjeius, ptr di.^cri 4 o 12 o
]JiaL£ena term, du — 30 o 60 o

— viridis, perd"Z..i2 0-J4 o
Erica, v..rioUi, d'<z. 9 o 18 o
t iiijtiymus. variLUs,

per flozen .. .. 9 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozet. 4 o ifl o

hicus elasiica. each i 0 70

toUage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. .. 2 0-10 c

s. d. s. d.
Fuchsias, per doz. ..40120
Helioirote, doz. ..40 90
Hydr^tnca, per doz. 9 o 18 o

— panic ata. dnz, 18 0-36 o
LiliuMi loii>.itloium,

per doziiti .. 24 o 36 o

— laicifoliuiD, doz. 9 0-18 o
Marguerite iJdisy,

per du?en . . ..80120

Mi,;iioiitit^. per doz 40-00
Myrtles, per aoz .. b c-12 o
Palms in variety,

•^Mch .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

I er dozen . .. 6 o 18 o

— scar'et. per d-^z . . 3 < - 9 i
Petunias, per do^en 3 c- o o
Ktindinlhes, p dozen 4 o- 'i o
Spiral I, per d i/cn . . 8 c-12 o

Cut Flowrrs. — Average Wholesale Prices.

d, s. d. I 1. d. t. d.

o- 4 o I Marguerilrs. la bun. 30-60

Abutilon. 12 bunches 2
Arum Li1ie«, I3 blms. 3
Bouvainiris, per bun. o
Calceo'aria,i2 spia> s o
Cariati-n^, 12 bun. 2
Co'nlloistr, 12 b. n . 2
Diihhas. iz biinclies 3
Esch^cho tii3,ia I un 2
Eucharu, per d<iz. . 4
Forgtt nit-nol, 12

bunches . . ..2

Gardenias, 13 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, varii^us,

12 bunches .. 6

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
l^apageria, white, 13

blooms . . . . z

— red, 12 blooms., x
Lavender, 12 bun. .. 6

6 o Mignuneiir, la bun.
9- I o I Pelargoniums, per 12
->-p aj s
Pinks, various, jz

bunches
Primula, double, bun.
Kjrelhurm, ii bun.
Rriod fiil>es, 12 bun.
ko>e> (ind>ior). doz

— (oudoor), 12 bun. 30-90

— coloured, doz ,. s o- o a
Ste^hdnoti , 12 ^p^. 20-40
Mocks, 13 bunches .. 30-60
Swtet Peas, 12 bun. 16 40
Sweet Su.tan.iz bun. 20-40

3 o Tropaeolum, 13 bim. 16-30
o- 3 o Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-10
8 o White Ja^mme, buo. o 6- t o

6-10
0-60
040

0-40
0-60

0-60
0-60

i o

06-10

20-60
10-16

30-60
40-60
4 o

1:

SEEDS.

London : August 6. — The market for farm seeds
to-day presented quite a holiday character. Trifolium
is firm in France, but the English demand continues
small. New home-grown winter Vetches are now offer-
ing, and the quality is fair. Less money is accepted
for new Rape seed, but in white Mustard there is no
quotable change. Sowing Rye is obtainable on moderate
terms. The tendency in Canary seed is in seller's
favour. Feeding Linseed without variation. John
Shaw &* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C.

CORN.

Monday being Bank Holiday, there was no business
done in ^lark I-ane. On Wednesday the attendance
was very meagre, and the new inquiry tor Wheat almost
suspended. There were sellers at is. under last Friday's
rates, but buyers were hardly to be found at the reduc-
tion, Some Ihreshed-out samples of new English red
and white Wheats were on offer, quality fair to fine, and
weighing from 63 lb. to 65 lb. per bushel. Sales reported
at 40J. to 42.r, Jor red, and 42J. to ^j,s. for white, but
some held above those prices. Barley, Beans and Peas
ruled about steady in value, but without much doing.
Maize held firmly. Oats, with large arrivals here, and
large shipments advised from St. Petersburg, were the
turn lower. Average prices ol corn for the week ending
August 2 : — Wheat, 37J. bd. ; Barley, 271. 6d. ; Oats,
22J. jd. For the corresponding period last year : —
Wheat, 43r. 3,^. ; Barley, 30J. 3^. ; Oats, 23J. lod.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that supplies were
fair and trade dull, being considerably influenced by the
holiday time. Quotations : — Prime old Clover, 95J. to
117J. ; inferior, 60s. to 75^. ; prime second cut, 90J. to
117J. ; best meadow hay, Bos. to 97J. ; inferior, 40J. to
6$s.\ and straw, 28J. to 40^^. per load. — On Thursday
there was a good supply. Trade was quiet, especially
for Clover, and prices were unaltered. — The Cumberland
Market report states that trade was dull, with large
supplies at the following quotations : — Clover, prime old,
looj. to iioj. ; second quality. 8oj. to 95J. ; inferior,
60s. to 70J. ; hay, best old meadow, Bos. to 95J.; inferior,
bos. to 751. ; and straw, 301. to 38J. per load.

POTATOS.

The trade has been somewhat unsteady this week,
owing to holiday-making, but the following are about
the average prices :— Kidneys, Zos. to 120J. ; Rounds,
75 r. to 90J. ; Roses, soj. to 70J. ; Beauty of Hebron,
90J. to looj. ; and Early Vermont, 8oj. per ton.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market :— East
Wylam, 15.1. ; Walls End — Hetton, 173. 6d. ; Helton
Lyons, 151. ; Lambton, lys. ; Wear, 15J. ; East Hartle-
pool, i6j. 3^. ; South Hartlepool, i$s. ^d. ; Tees,
1 7 J. 6d.

<^OvenmieTit St.ook. — Monday being a Bank
Holiday, the Stock Exchange was closed. Tuesday's
closing prices for Consols were looj to ioo3 for both
delivery and the account. Wednesday's prices were as
on the previous day for delivery, and loo^^ij to ioo|-J( for
the account. — Thursday's final quotations showed a
dechne of /g for both delivery and the account.

August 9, iS

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

189

THE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid. Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy (fFxiel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues. Two Waterway Fiue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted.

Le

•Bill.

Will HmI of

4-in. Pipe.

A ..

19

in.

long

.. 150 fett

H .

22

m.

.. 3» .1

C ..

M

in.

.. 400 „

1> ..

26

in.

.. 530 „

K .

28

in.

.. 600 „ .

K ..

V

in.

.. 700 „

G .

1<>

IQ.

.. 850 „

H ..

42

in.

.. Icoo ,,

I .

4S

In.

.. 1251 .,

1 ..

M

in.

.. 16.0 „ .

K ..

60

in.

.. 2000 .,

Price.

£1 JO

6 IS

•Set of Furnace
IJt or Jt: Fillings.
o ..^100

3 iS
3 S
3 10

I?

5
IS

• Comprises fuli size double furnace door, ashpit dour and
regulator, cianked dead plate, bearing bar^, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c

Says a Gardetier 0/ great fxpertence : — " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
an V thing." "It will become a universal favourite when known."

Out of a great number in uj,e of these Builers not one has
been cmplained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boileis.

1ft hcque is enclosed with oider 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted if not, reference to Banker requiret'.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

Wc send capable men to fix work in all paits of ihe Kingdom,
Estimates given, Diawings of Paient and Special Appliances
for Healing Uwel'in^ Hc'uses sent on application.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long. 4J. -^d. each ;

4-m. Socket Hoi-waier Pipes, q feet long, 4J. fid. each,

PHce L,ist on application.

HOSE-HOSE-HOSB.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority o( quahtv. La-ts four times as 1 'Dg as ordiuaty
looi.irubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Sirengih, and
Cheaper in the long run than any oiher Hose fci Gaiden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " 1 have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as gf.od as ever,''

Private Cu toviers Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Piice ot

MERRVWEATHER & SONS,

Maim acturers, 63. Long Acre, London, W.C.

The Original and only Genuine Stevens'
Trentham Riyetted Boiler.

All o;herj are simply imitations.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High Quality. Lar^cxt StrcK u. ih'' Country
4-inr h Pipes IS. rd. ver \ atd.

FRED, SILVESTER, Ca=tle HUl Foundry, NewcaEtIo,

SiaffordFhlre. Th s AOverr^^fnif-nt appears -Hliernat- w.-f k

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

ff E R M AJ E S T Y,

HIS POVAL HIOHNES-; THK PRINCE (iF WALES.

15 (.0.- OF THE Nobility. Genthv, and Ct.8Kt,v

Is f xtensiv^lv used for all kii.d^ of

CUTD;0R WOi<K. COJNbEKVATOBlES,
Oreecbouses, Fram€S

C\N 81? LMD ON BV UNSKH-UED LABnUR

I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stalions.
/^rices, Patterns, and TestitnoitiaU, Fost-free.

C A R S O N S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARO. I.UDGATE HILL.

LONDON, E.C ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUP, BELFAST.

Discount far Cash.

21-0Z> Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 2^0 feet boxes,
3ds ai d 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A laige stock of sunilar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber 01a5s«s, and all Miscellaneous
Gla^s Aiticles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE * SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. Jolin's street, West Smltbfield, London, EC.

Slock List and Prices on application Quote Cittonicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C,
B. & Son have always a large stock iu London of 20 in, bi
13 in , 20 in. by 14 in., zo in. by 16 in., zo in. by 18 in , in 16-oz
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-V'
purposes, in aoo-ft. and ^00-ft. cases.

Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as ihey har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up Itttle room, aud,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense.
as do " Erown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDtN VASaS, FOUNTAINS, &c..m Artificial Stone,
very durable ard of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. Rusher and CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Sireet, Blackiriars. S. E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kiogsland Road. E.

Agents fur LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT CiiVERS. and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for KliXLEYS PAXtNT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
frum 3,1 per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Piain or
mo'e elaborate Uesitns, wiih Piices. sent for selcciion.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Giooved and other .Stable

Paving oi t,reai durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Rnofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, (Jement, &c.

F, ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SAND

Price, by post, per Ton

SILVER
fine or coarse grain as desired,
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
P.ts to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK KURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F, ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Oidtrs promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount 10 the Trade.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES.

ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds.
Yorkshire.

BECKETT BROS~

CHELMSFORD.

PRACTICAL HORIICUI-IUKAL ai.d HEAIING
ENGINEERS, and Manufacturers of Every Class of BUILD-
INGS. MARKET GROWING HOUSES. PLANI' and
MELON FRAMES. Sc, from li its. Apply for Price LI3T.

xlasshouses&weaT'I-ng:

wmmmmmm

kHIGHCAl-E ROAD .LONDON.N.W$\>1

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames.

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price Liit 071 application to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET. WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

■witU Prices, Post-/fc

W. H. LASCELLES 8c CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121 BUNHILL ROW LONDON E.C

W H LASCELLES and CO w 11 give Est mates for
every description of HORl ICULTURAL WORK free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary,

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWOKK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for waits, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without excep;i 11 ihe most usrful kind of
Ff3me for Hant Growing, and every one with a taiiicn >h(nild
P'lvh^-sb one. 1 he sashes turn right over one on tiic other, and
the boxes are put ti^gelhtr wiih wedges, and can be laktn apdrt
in a few minutes. S'7es and prices, carriage paid 10 any siatioo
iu England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 'eel long. 4 I'tet wide, packing cases free /"a 15 o
12 leet long, 4 'eet wide, ,, ,, „ 4 '5 °

6 f*et Inrg, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ., 3 '5 o

12 leet long, 5 lett wide, ,. .... 6 10 o

'Ihe glass is nailed and puttied in.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Holhouse Builders and Engineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

igo

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines . . . . j£o 3 o : 15 Lines . . . . j£o S 6

6 „ .. .. o 3 6 I 16 ,, .. ..090
6 o 4 o I 17 „ .. ..096

7 .1 .. .. o 4 6 18 „ .. .. o 10 o

8 ,, .. .. o 5 o ' 19 „ .. .. o 10 6

9 , o 5 6 20 o II o

10 o 6 o 21 ,, .. .. o II 6

11 „ .. .. o 6 6 j 22 „ .. .. o 12 o

12 „ .. .. o 7 o I 23 , o la 6

13 M .. ..076! 24 „ .. .. o 13 o

14 „ -. ..0801 26 ,. .. .. o 13 6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

1/ set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page ^900

Half Page 500

Column 350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

36 words IS. dd., and 6d. for every additional Hue
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE, ~ Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so add>essed are opened by the autliorities and
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All Subscriptions payable la advance.

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ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See SamDles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

* The finest Whiskey we ever tasted." — Coventry Herald

5 years' old, 3s. 6d. per bottle ; 4U. per doz.
7 years' old, 41. od. ,, ; 48;. ,,

13 years' dd, 5J. od, ,, ; 6oj. „

The FINEST Scotch 1^1^ 11 20 yeais' old, 6f. perbot ;
Whiskey, of same I K I N rl 72*- per doz. Samples and
AGBS, at same prices. 1 1 1 1 W I ■ cases, rail free.

JURTS

W. J. JURY, BELFAST.

WHISKEY.

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample. Irish or Scotch,
cr of both, before placing their orders. Kail free.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. .Chairman :— Harvie M. Farquhar, Eiq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing CrObS ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, £ C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

CHOOL of the ART ~of LANDSCAPE

GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner, A.M. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 P M- Prospictus and

full particulars on aDpiication to the SUPERINTEN DENT of

the School of Ait, Science, and Literaiure, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNBR has moved his (.offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'AKBOR I CULTURE,
de FLORKULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Ulastrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
NICH. F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. ]. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent Post-paid, los. per armum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

REVUE de i'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
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Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
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Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L, Linden. T. Moore. C. Naudin,
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Thomas, A. van (5:ert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxera,
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Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices fo} the use of Advertisers.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.

To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garcen, or a Farm,

It is Indisp ens able.

because it gives all the latent and besi information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It Is ReUable,

because its Editor and Coutribuiurs ate all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable,

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the wf rk of the month, which alone
ue worth more than the price of the paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that cuuld in the
least cffend the most refined tasies. are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums,

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscribtr
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may lake his
choice of any one of the many valu:*ble articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plantt, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, $s. per year, including foreigji
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on NcW' York or Lonaon,

B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,

34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.

— ("'ull pariiculars en apphcation to A. B. , Garoeturs' Chronicle
Office, 4r, Wellington stieet. Strand, London, W.C.

Sunderland Union.

SUPERINTENDtNr ol OUTLOOR LABOUR

WANTED.

WANTED, by the Guardians of the Sunder-
land Union, an active, intelligent MAN, not under 30
or exceeding 50 years of age. who mu>t be possessed of a
thorough knowledge of Market Gardening, to take eniire
charge, uncer the general suptrvi^ion of ihe Maittr, of ihe
Culti^'ation of the Land at theWi rkhouse, ana 10 Supe' intend the
Labo_ir of the able-bodied Paupers. Salary ^30 per ar.Tium,
v;ith Board and LoJgmgs in the Hcuse. Applications, tn the
handwriting of the applicants, stating age, present aiid pievious
occupation!?, and accompanied by 'lesiimonials of recent date,
to be sent to me, at the Board Room John Strrtt. Sundeiland,
before Thursday, the 14th day of Augua, 1884.— By orde> ,

S. S. HODGSON. Clerk to the Guardians.
Sunderland, August 9, 18S4.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING
GARDENER, married (without family preferred), to
live on the Premises. Must thoroughly understand the Culti-
vation of Orchids, and have a good knowltdge of Grjpes,
Peaches, Greenhouse Plants, &c Good character indispensable.

— Apply by letter only, stating full particulars, to H. M.
POLLETl', Fernside, Bickley, Kent.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a SINGLE-
HANDED GAkDENtR. li married must have
no family. Must understand Glass thoroughly. None but
first-class men need apply.— Mr. JOHN SWIFT, 9, Bank
Street, Sheffield.

WANTED, a young man, who is a good
PROPAGATOR of Soft and Hard-wooded I'Ui.ls,
also a good Grower cf Pot Roses. One prderred (rum a
Nursery, lis. per week with rising wages. — W. GREEN.
Gardener, Crow Nest fark, Halifax, Yorkshire.

WANTED, a steady industrious MAN, to
Grow Picoiees, Caruations, Pansies, and other outside
stufT for market. — App.y, stating exptrunce, s.lary requiredi
references, age, &c., to J. HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries,
Peterborough.

WANTED, a young MAN, as Grower of
Soft-wooded Siuff for Covent Garden Market. Only
those experienced as above need apply.— J AMES WALTON,
Florist, Eltham Road, Lee, S.E.

WANTED, a young MAN, for a Market
Growing Establishment ; mu^t be quick at potting and
Tying, and thoroughly understand his profession. — J. CLARK,
Patchiiig, Worthing, Sussex

Forest Tree Foreman.

WANTED, lor a large Nursery, a thoroughly
experienced MAN, who has held a similar po:>itioii,
and be able to control and direct a large ;iaff ofmen. He muit
have had practice in selecting Trees, and Executing Orders
with accuracy and despatch. — Addrtss, with particulars of ex-
perience, salary expected, age, &c , FoRESl' TREE, Messrs.
Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsdiich, London, E.

WANTED, for a Provincial Nursery, an
experienced M.\.N, to take charge of ihe Herbaceous,
Bulbous, and Haidy Florist Department. He must have a good
knowledge of these Plants, with their PropagatK'ii and Cultiva-
tion for Sale, and be used to Execute ( 'rders with exactness
and despatch. — Apply, with all particulars as to age experi-
ence, salary expecied, refeiences. &c., to NURSERYMAN,
Messrs. Nulling & Sons, 6l', ttarbican, London, E.C.

WANTED, for the Garden, Seed, Florist,
and Fiuit Business, a young MAN capable of
Managing the whole. He must also be well up in the Cut
Flower Business, with good taste in arrangement of >.ame into
Buiconh' les, Bouquets, Wreaths, &c., and occasionally attend
Covent Garden Market —SEEDSMAN. Gardeners' Chrofiicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an energetic MAN, for Florist's
Shop in Loudon, Mubi have filled similar position,
and have good experience 10 Wreath and Bouquet-makmg ;
also Nature and Value of Plants. None need apply who can-
not pioduce character for ability and sobriety, — State wa^es
expected and lull particulars, by Ictier only, to S. N.. Gar*
deners' Chronicle O^ce. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C

Clerk Wanted.

WANTED, a steady man as CLERK, for
the Nursery and Sted Trade. One who has been
accustomed to book-keeping prefernd. — Apply, stating age,
where last employed, w-agts expected, &c , JNO. JEFFEKlES
AND SONS, Seed Merchams, Cirenctsier.

\X^ANT£D, a young man, to act as BOOK-

Vt KEEPEU, and Assia in the Corre;pondcnce. Must
have done similar wurk in some good Nursery. — W. PAUL
AND SON, Waltham Cross. Herts.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers — FuU
particulars as to experience, wages required, &c., to D. E. F,,
Mes-srs. Hurst & Son, Seed Alerchants, 15?, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, a young MAN, in a Seed,
Florist, and Fruiiercr'h, where a good Cut Fli wer
Trade is done. — Apply, by letter, stating experience and salary
requited, to M. A,, Hurst & Son, Hounsdiich, London, E.C.

WANTED, a PACKER, for a Large Pro-
vincial N urseiy.— An experitnccii man, to take full
charge « f the Packing and Despatch if all (.(rders, He must
have a fair knowledge nf Plants, so as to be able to check (>S
goods.— Apply, in own handwriting, with all particulars, to
P. P., Gardeners' ChronicU Office, 41, Wellington Stieet,
Strand, Lot:don, W.C.

August 9, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

191

WANT PLACES.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garsloii. are in a position to recommend a
capable iriislworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or (.Jemleman who may be in
want of buch a man.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce ihat they are constantly receiving
apphcaliuns from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
ihcy u'lll be able to supply any l^dy or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

U C O T C H GARDENERS.

kj — John Dowmh. SeedMnan, 144, Princes Stieet. Edin-
burgh, has at present on hii li^t a number of SCOTCH
CAKDENERS, wailing re-cug.igtrmeots. at wages ranging
frum ,£50 to ;£ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to sujply
full iiaiiicularb 10 any Ni»blt:mau or Gentleman requiring a trust-
wonhy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
sume excellent Men. competent either to fill the siluation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. 1 adies and Gentlemen reiiuirin? any nf the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING.— A respect-
able, well educated young Belgian (age 26) wants a situa-
tion as Landscape Gjrjener, in a goud pstablibhment. 11
required, would lake ihe Man gcniei.t of Fruit-tiee Growing.
Five First Prize Medjlsfoi Designs of Fniit, Kiichen, and Land-
• cape daid'^n Plans. First class Dit.loma of the High Horti-
cultuial School of Ghent. Highest references can be given. —
Apply by letter, X. Z , 26, Kue de la Chaumifere. Bruxelles,
Belgium.

GARDENER (Head).— The three essentials
bsp.'ily combined — a first- class Gardener, a mariied
mm, wiihuut any children. — Full pailiculars, apply, R, GIL-
BERT, bmghley. Stamford.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45. married,
no family; is open to engage wuh uny Nobleman or
Geuilemin who requ-res a practical expenenced Gardener. —
G. S., Ca ke Abbey, Derby.

(^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no

vJT fi> rally ; ihonu^hly experienced. Wi'e can atiend to
Lodge G<;ie, or Assi-st in Huu-e, if rtquired. — F. MOORE,
39. Fleet Stieet. Rose Hill, Derby.

GARDENER (He\d).— T. CUCKNEY is at
liberty to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman
requ;iiiig tne icivices oi a thoroughly p actical man; twenty
years' expctience i?l all branches of the professioQ ; goxi refer-
ences — Cc-bham, Gravesend.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married;
has a thorough kn'jA ledge of Gardening in all its
branche.';, also the La\ing-nut of Gfoundsand the Management
of Park Lands &C.-T. SWANSBOKOUGH, Mrs. Cooper's.
Bridge Street, G .dalming, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head).— A. Rawle, for seven
and a half years Gardener to Lord Chas. P. Clinton, is
at liberty to engage «iih any cne requirii'g his services Tlio-
roiiphly effi-ient. Good ch.»raci«-r. Kindly recommended by
former employer —The Lot'ge, He^kcth Crescent, Turquay.

GARDENER (Head), where others are
kept. — Age 38, m&rried, iwo in family ; twenty-two
years in all branches of Gardening : five years in present
situ:ttion. Good previous character. — T. D., Ivy Bank, Hamp-
stead, N.W.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
a'c kept. —Age 33 married, two children ; Scotch. Has
had great experierce in all branches of Gardening and under-
stands the Management of Stock. Good characier.^
J. MABIN, Stargrove, East Woodhay, Beiks.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 31, single ; has

a thorough knowledge of Oichidsand the whole routine
of Gardening. Had s-^-venteen years' practical experience, and
can be well recommended.— W, MAY, 14, Landseer Terrace,
Upper Wcsibournt; Park. London W.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man. — Has
had great experience in Laying-cut New Gardens and Improv-
ii-g Old ones; also Early and Late Forcing and ihe General
Manag<^ ment of a large Ebtablishmeni. Firsi-c'ass recom-
mendations. — W. H., Mr. belway's, Iron Gates, Otiery St,
Mary, Devon.

GARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
Mr. lRONMO^GER, Graisley Hill, Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his !aie Head Gardener, who is thoroughly
compeieDt to uncertake the charge of any Lady's or Gentle-
man's Garden in all its requirements. Has had considerable
experience at some of the leading places in England. — B.
GWYNNE, Railway Koad, Alvechurch, near Redditch.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, three chil-
dren (youngest nme i ears) ; thoroughly ui derstands all
-kincs of Forcing and the Growing of all kmds of Fruits, Vege-
tables. &:c. ; also the Laying-cut and Planting New Gruuuds,
and the thoroi-gh Management of a guod Garden. Eleven
years in last situaiijn. — A. B., 36, Rosamond Cottages, Glover's
Road, Heigate.

GARDENER (He\D) ; age 26, married
when suited — Mr. J. Warnek, (lardener to Viscount
Midletcn, recommends his Foreman, G Curtis, to any gentle-
man rcq.iiruig a good practical G;trdener. Good experience in
Plant and truit Cu'ture, F..rcing. and Flower and Kitchen
Gardening, Abstainer. Excellent :estimon:uU and reference.
— Garden House, Peper Harow, Goddlming. Surrey.

/:j.ARDENER (Head Working), where

VJ one or more are kept. — Age 48. married, no family;
tmderstauds all branches of Gardening, Disengaged, — R. W,,
Mr. Jarvis, High Street, Robert's Bridge, Sussex,

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three more are kept.— Age 27 ; thirteen years' experi-
ence in very good Gardens. G'od character.— A. B., 6, Rose
Cottages. Westfield;;, Barnes, S \V.

ARDENER (Working).— Age 36; small

family ; thoroughly understands his prolession, with
knowledge ot Growing for Market.-G. WILLIS, 16. Clifton
Terrace, Caversham, Reading.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Fifteen years' experience in Fruit,
Flowers, Vegetables ; well up in Orchids. Good character. —
G, L., Mrs. B;iss, Hifeh Street, Mrrtlake.

GARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 32,
matried ; thoroughly tfficient and experienced in all
branches. Eight years' good character. — S. B., i6, James
Gruve, Commercial Road, Peckham S. E,

ARDENKR (Head Working), where

mnre arc Vept, — Age 35, married ; thoroui^hly practical
b;th Ir.doots and Out. Twenty years' experience in good
Gardens, includnig Newsell and Bramham Parks. Five years
in last place. — W. C. Beach Nursery, Scuthend, Essex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three aie kept —Age 29 married when suited ; prac-
tical experience in ail branches of Gaidening. Six yeats' excel-
lent character from present employer.— A. G., 59, Aichway
Street, Wesifields, Barnes, Suirey.

( :j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32;

V_X thoroughly exjerienced in all branches, including
Orchids, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the General
Ruutine of Gaideuing. Wife understands Dairy and Poult* y,
if required. Two years and eight mouths' good character.^
G. CHILDS, Palmer's Cottages, Lower Streaiham, Surrey.

/^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,

v^-' mirried; understands the Forcing of Vines, Pmes,
Melons, Cucumbers, Peaches, Flower and Kiichen Gardening,
&c. Wages not so much an object as a comfortable place.
Can be well recommended from present emplo>er. — M, A. B.,
Mrs. Coxhead, Great Stanmore, Middlesex.

C;J.ARDENER(Head working), where three
* or more are kept. — Age 34, mirried, two children.
Understands Early and Late Forcing of all kinds of Ffuit,
Vegetables, Flowers, &c,, aUo Indoor Decorations. Nine and
a h.ilf years with the Hon. Mrs. Jas. St. Vincent Saumarer,
of Livermere Park.— CHARLES WILSON, Haverstock Hill
Nursery, Hampstead, N.W,

GARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than three are kept. — Married, no family; highly
respectable, energetic, and trustworihy. J wenty-seven gears'
practical experience in all branches of a firat-cl-ViS place.
Superinte>id Land and Stock if required. Satisfactory reasons
for leaving. Excellent character and testimonials Near
London preferred. — K. M., Gardens, Springwood, Darlford,
Kent.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Age 25, married, no children ; ten gears' exoeiience in
all branches, txcelleni references. — C. W. , 9, Rojack Road,
Forest Hill, S.E.

GARDENER (German), who has for a number
of years been employed in Fraoce and England, who
speaks English, and is thoroughly at home in the Cultivation
of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetable?, seeks engagement if possible
with a German family.~K. H., 47, Union Street, Commetcial
Road. E.

/^ARDENER, &c.— A GENTLEMAN wishes

\~^ to recommend a thor. ughly practical Gardener, who b?d
also the Management of Home Dairy Farm.— R. E. R, 51,
Ambia Vale, Clifton Vale, Bristol.

iV

^ARDENER, where assistance is given, —

V-J Age 27 ; ten years' experience ; two years' good cha-
racter from present siiuition. Abstainer. — A. EMPSON,
Greenford Green, near Hairow-on-ihe Hill.

To Nurserymen. Head Gardeners, and Others.

GARDENER, where he could improve. —
Age 17; two and a half years under glass. Good refer-
ences.—W. G., 1, Frederick Villa, Crescent Road, Ramsgate,
Kent. ______^_^_

C GARDENER (good Single-handed).—
y Age 27, mairied; undersiands his duties. — A. JOHN-
SON, 47 Yeidham Road, Fu ham Palace Road, Hammetsmilh,
Middlesex, W.

GJ.ARDENER (good Single-handed, or
^ where help is given). — Age 31. married; thoroughly
practical in ail branches. Fifteen years' experetnce ; three and
a half years' good character from present employer. — W. C
CUOK, Wocdberry Hill. Loughton, Essex.

ARDENER (Single-handed, or good

Second). — Age 32, single ; two years* go >d character.
Five and a half years in previous situation.— H. W., 47, Upper
Park Road, Hampsiead, London, N.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
— Age 26 ; understands Vines. Cucuinb:ri, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening, &c. Four years' good character from last
place —W. C, 14, at. Ihimas' Garden^, Havei stock Hill, N.W.

GARDENER (SECOND, or SINGLE-HANDED).
— Age 25, single; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons,
Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Garden. One year and nine
months good character. — C. W., 55, Upper Park Road,
Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; has a
knowledge of Stove, Greenhouse, and Fruit-houses ; also
Flower and Kitchen Garden, Two years' gjod character;
good references.— A. BUSH, Lilford Gardens. Oundle. Nurths.

GARDENER (Second), in a good establish-
ment.—Age 22; understands Pines, Vines, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, S:c. Seven years' experience. Good refer-
ences.—W. G., Frceland Cottage, St. Vincent's Hill, Redland,
Bristol.

(^ARDENER (SECOND), or FIRST

VJ JOURNEYMAN, in a good esisblishment.— Can be
well recommended. Five years' good character. Bothy pre-
ferred.—T. TULLETT, South Park, Reigate. Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), where Head Gar-
dener assists ; or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in good
establishment, — Age 26. — Mr. Simpson, Eastwood Park, Fal*
fie'd. Gloucestershire, can recommend a young man as above.

/.J.ARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).

VJ — Age 21; five years' experience. — C. J., Tenchley

Park, Limpsfield. Surrey.

GARDENER (Under). — Age 19; good
character.— W. MUMFORD, ^o, Queen Anne Street,
Cavendish Square, \V.

Crj ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
^ ment. — Age 23 ; nine yeais' experience. Good relcr*
ences.— \V. B., Mr. Beisley, Wood Street, Wallinglord, Beiks.

C^ ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
^ lishment, to wotk in Hou>es and Outside. — Can ba
highly recommended. Four and a half years' good character -~
C. MOOS, I'he Gardens, Tiiley Court. Titlcy, Herefordshire.

GROOM and PLAIN GARDENER.—
'Age 33 1 matried, small family; thoroughly understan Is
his duties. Could Miik a Cow. Good rcfetences. — PORTER,
ir, Wells" Buildings, Hampsiead. N.W.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten
years' good practical experience in the Prop^g ition and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vine;, Peaches,
Melons, Cucumbers, &c Excellent references. — A. W., Munn
Stationer, Elgin Koad. Maida Vale, London, W.

L^'OREMAN, in the Houses, or Second in a

-L good establishment. — Age 26 ; good character from pre-
sent and previous »-mployers. — H. H., Mrs. Stephens, Stakes,
Waterloo. Cosham, Hants.

FOREMAN (General or Indoor).— Mr.
Warn, Gardener to P. D. Grinfell, Esq., Hatchland
Park, can with every confidence recommend his Foreman to
any Gardener requiring a thorouahlv practical energetic ni;«n.
Twelve years' experience.— JOSEPH HUMPHREYS. The
Gardens, Hatchland Park, Guildford, Surrey.

To the Trade.
rpOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and

-L' GROWER of Soft-wooded Plants, Cut Flovers, Grapes,
Cucumbers, Tomatos. and Mu-hrooms. — Age 30, mirried;
good character. — Address, stating wages, J. LONG, 81, New
I'aunton Road. Lee Green, S.E.

OREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN;

age 23 —Mr. Howell, Frerivillc Park, Wmgham, Kent,
can confidently recommend a young raau as above. Good
references from present and previous silnaiions

|j^ O R E M A N PROPAGATOR and

J- GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Choice
Cut Flowers for Maiket. — Well up in Vines and Roses, also
Bouquets. Wieaths, &c. Used to Coveut Garden Trade.
Well recommended.- 2, York Terrace, Heathfield, South
Twickenham.

JOURNEYIVIAN (FIRST), in a large place, or
FORtMAN where one or two are kept under gla^s. —
Age 2S- Good character. — HEAD GARDENER, or WM.
MOORE, Campville. North Shields.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in

^ a first-c'ass establishment. — Age 25 ; wages not so much
an object as to gain further exoenence. Premium offered, —
W. RICHARDSON, Verandah "Cottage. Malvern Wells.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the^ouses, in

^ 3 Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment — Age 22 ;
has had seven years' experience. Three and a-half years in last
situation. Good character. — Apply, stating particulars, to
T. T., Hithden, near Pulborou^h, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under the
Foreman in a well regulated Nu'sery. — Age 22. — J. R,,

3. Denby Terrace, Highfield, FaKgrave, Scarbjrough.

TOURNEYMAN (INSIDE or Out), in a

** good Garden. — Age 23 : good character from last and
previous places. Bothy preferred. — J. LEE, Nun Monkton,
near York.

URSERYMAN, or in a private Garden.—

Age 21 ; four years' experience. Good reference.— G,
WELLAND, Eistead near Godalming. Surrey.

fpo NURSERYIMEN.— bituation wanted by

-L the end of September, as Fruit and Rose Grower, by a
thoroughly practical man. Good references from some of the
largest Nurseries io England. — Y. Z., .0, The Beeches, Ciren-
cester,

'V^O FLORISTS.— Wanted by a youth (i8)

-L a situation wiih a Florist, where a small salary would be
given to commence with, arid a g^'Od opportunity of promotion.
Only been out three months.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough,
Borobridge. near York.

To the Seed Trade.
tJHOPMAN or ASSISTANT. — Age 24.

^--? Ten year.-,' experience in Retail and Wholesale Trado
— A. A. C, 14, Canon Road, Hornsey Vale, London, N.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT), in a good Retail
Establiiihment. — Age 21 ; five and a half years' experi-
ence. Place wi'h Nursery connection preferred. Can be well
recommended. — W. B., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS
are the best, the cheapest, and the most popular of reme-
dies. The seasons change and circumstances vary, but these
lemedies can al^vay5 be used with cer>ainty and wuh safety,
Eruptio! s. Rashes, and all descriptions of Skin Diseases, Sores,
Ulcerations, and Burns, are presently benefited and u'timately
cured by these healmg. soothing, and purifying medicament^.
The Ointment rubbed upon the abdomen checks imtatiau lo the
bowels, averting and curing Dianhcca and other disorders of the
intestines frequently prevailing through the summer and fruit
seasons. Heat Lumps, Blotches. Pimples, Inflammations of ih«
Skin, Muscular Pains, Neuralgic Aflfccuons, and Enlarged
Glands, can be eflTeciively overcome by u-ing Holloway '3 reme-
dies according to the instructions accompanying every packet.

192

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 9, 1884,

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,

Gold

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

suver and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

MedaJs

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22. 1S83.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or |

the Materials supplied.

^ See Gardeners* Chronicle, June 7,

Crown 8w, with Coloured Frojitispicce. Price 45-. dd.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.

A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.

By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.G.

LEAD

GLMNG.

Siciion of a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special featiite of this System, require no
SkiPed Labour to hx ; breakages can be repaired by any oue ; and ALL OUTSlD£
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WIIH.

Secttoti 0/ a IVutdow Satk-Bar be/ore and
ajter Glazing,

Write for Prospectus, lUustratlone,
and TeBtlmonlals.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STKIPS,

GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers. &c., Britannia "Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

Price IS. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.

A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE.

By WILLIAM EARLEY.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

ffi^ ERECTED and HEATED.

- --^ ■

MESSENGER & CO. S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, with the least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Flans and Estimates free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, cojitaining over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, Si^c, recently erected by M. &* Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Braoburv, Agnrw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William RiCHAKCS, at the Office, 41, Wellineton Street. Parish of St, Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturpav, August 9, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hevkoou. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow,

THE

GARDENERS' CHRO

Cstaljlisijeti i84i.

No. 555.— Vol. XXII.

( New 1
I Series, j

SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1884.

1 Registered at the General
I Post-office as a Newspaper.

I Price 5d.

(Post-free, s\if.

CONTENTS.

Aiboretura. the ..
Azalea sinen<-is ..
Ktgouias Rex, Comtesse

l.cHise Erdody, and

Diadetna
Begoiiiasat Swanley
Birds, m's'anon of
Bo^-ks-

Days and Hours in a
Ga*\i(H

forfi'.ry tn Nof w.iy . .
Bniiah Kl^ra, desttuction

of

B'Oxb urne

Campanula alpiu:i

i hiiiese plant?, acdimilt-

saiion of, in ihe United

States
Colonial notes
Columbia Market
Copirphora cornuta
Dipladenia Grearleyana . .
Dyckia leptostacbya
Education ia BcUium,

cultural . .
Frmiurus anrantiaciis ..
Ferns, British, and their

extmctioQ
Floral Committee meet-
ing at Chiswick
Floiists" fli^wers .,
Foreign correspondence .
Forestry Exhibition
Fiuiis under p'ass
Gardeners' Benevolent

Institution, the
Goo_eberries, laige
Grapes at Sjon ..
Grasshoppers from Brazil
Ha-ha fruit walls
Heat, ihe

Hypericums

Microbes

Narcissi, how to grow ..
New Zealand, notes from
Olearii Haastii .. .. .

Ornamental plants in

masses . . ..

Paper- making materials
Pea season, short, a
Pelargonium Dresden

China
Pinus uncinata . .
Plagianthus Lampeiiii . .
Plant poitrails
Planting of trees and

shrubs . .
Plants and their culture .

,, cutting back, treat-
ment of .. ...

„ nert* garden
Propagator, ihe ..
Rose realities
Rosery. the
Royal Botanic Society,

the

Sarracenia pi:rpurea
Shelter for orchards
Sccielies —

Bijurne mouth Horticul-
tural ..

Massachusetts Hortical-
lural ..

Royal Knrticultural
(Cottapeis' Show) ..

Sc^itti^h HortictiUural .
Stai lings ar.d their ser-
vices, the
Syon House, Brentford..
Trees on the Victoria

Embankment, the
Weather, the

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Begonias, new 205

Brazilian grasshoppers .. .. .. .. .. 212, 213

Pinus uncinata . . . . . . . , . . . . acg

Plagianihiis L^impcnii . . . . . . . , , . . . 201

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS Mid OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders sliould
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

SANDY and DISTRICT FLORAL and
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Open Show.
The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIllITIOM of
FLOWEUS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, CAGE BIRDS.
POULTRY, and PIGEONS, will be held at Sandy, Bedford-
shite, on FRIDAY, August jg. Prizes. ONE HUNDRED
AND EIGHTY POUNDS. Ten Stove and Greenhouse
Plants in Flower.— ist Prize, £io; ad Prize. .^6. Schedules
on application to WILLIAM GREEN, Secretary, Sandy.

UNDEE HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.
GRAND INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL
EXHIBITION will be held in Dundee on SEPTEMBER
It, 19, and 13 r,ext. Upwards of O.NE THOU<AND
POUNDS, along with 3 VEITCH MEJIORIAL MEDALS,
cfTered in Prizes. Ertiies Cloie on September 4. Schedules
may be had on application to p. ti c«-r»T-T. c

D. P. SCOTT. Secretary.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION, London, 1885.
Division I., INl''ENTtOXS. Division II., MUSIC.
Fairan—UER Majesty the Quee.m.
PrtsiJinl—H.Vi.H. THE Prince of Wales. KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Forms, which will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY. InternaULnal Inventions Exhibition, South
Ken>ington, S.W. These must be filled up and returned on
or beitre OCTOBER j, 18S4.

SCOTTISH SEED and NURSERY
TRADE ASSOCIATION.

PRIZE ESSAYS — This Association offers a First Prize ol
Seven Guineas, and a Second Prize of Three Guineas, for an
Essay on "The Best and Most Economical System for the
AfToicslation of Waste and otherwise Unprofitable Lands in the
United Kingdom."

Further particulars may be had from the Secretary. Mr.
DAVID HUNTER. S.S.C , 59. Dundas Street, Edinburgh,
with whom the Essays must be lodged on or before Dec. 1 next.

EW DRIED RED ROSES.

For Samples with Price LIST,

apply to

J. SCHRODER, Wasseuaar, South Holland.

N

LOUIS EECKHAUTE, The Nurseries,
St. Denis, Westrem, rear Ghent, Belgium, offers the
following: — Splendid CAMELLIAS, chielly double whites;
AZALEA INDICA. FICUS, FERNS, PALMS. SPlK^tAS.
RHODODENDRONS, and eveiy kind of BELGIAN
PLANTS, at %ery low prices. 4000 AZ.^LEA MOLLIS, with
buds, from £2 to X4 per ico.

-K

To the Trade.

WM. CROWE begs to offer the following
• BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 6u's, fit for
shifting into 43's at once :— Jasminoides, Thunb. corymbillora,
Alf. Neuner, Dazzler. Queen of Roses. &c., 22J. td. per zoo,
j£io per icoo ; or my selection, in eight to ten sorts, soJ. per
100, .^9 per 1000; Presideiit Gai field 'new), double pink, 4s.
perdL.zin. ::ii. per 100. LIST of PALMS, FERNS, &c., on
application. Boleyn Nursery. Uptnn, Essex.

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen. Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly soIicin:ti,
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

FOR SALE, Two large ORANGE TREES,
and Two large SHADDOCK. TREES, in Slate Tubs.
For price and particulars apply,

J. G., The Gardens, Bayfordbury, Hertford.

Established 1860.

Hatdy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.

T V. REES (late Robert Parker), Exotic

'-^ • Nur-ery. 'looting, Surrey. S.W.

DELPHINIUMS. IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXES,
POTENTILLAS, P/ICONIES, &c. Selections of 100 showy
varieties for Rockwork or Border, from 50J. Orders booked for
autumn planting.

OUR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,
just issued, contain :di the North Ameiicau Lilies, Rare
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti. Fritillaiia;:, Heuchera micraniha,
&c., Ferns at dCypripedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order,
at unpreceJentedly low prices ; also Liliuni auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris. Narcissi, to be dehvered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

EL WAY'S PYRETHRUMS,

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and po^t■free of

KELWAY AND SON, Langport.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus. Lilies, &o.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Balbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

RIMULAS. — PRIMULAS.—

CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for polling, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, is 6d. per dozen, loJ. per loo.
Twelfth year of dislribulion,
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseiy, Altrincham.

ROSES in Pots.-^l the best New (1S84) and
Old English and Foreign sorts, from iSj. to ^ts per dozeii.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest sati.s-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

EA ROSES.— Fine plants, in 48's, price

45f. per loi. BOUVARDIAS, bushy, in 4'i's, mcudmg
A. Neuner and Pre-ident Garfield, &c,, 401. per 100.

W. JACKSON, Elakedown, near Kidderminster.

M. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 18S4

• can be had Post-free on applicalion, and ^h aild be in
every Amateui's hands. It embraces an extensive Li->t of best
Novelties ; also splendid Collections of Double and bingl.; Z inal
Geraniums ; Bronje Bicolor, and Silver and Golden Tricolor
Geraniums ; Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Cirratinns, Chrysanthemums. Palm?, Ferns. Stove and Greer.-
hoiise Climbers, &c Special attention is also given to Colltc-
liors of Planis, which can now be supplied f-r immediate effect
in 5- inch pits, both Flowering and FL^hage, at lo;. 6d.. 21s., Z2S ,
and (js -W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery. Upton, E.sex.

ANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS, in

quantity— best popular kinds. Sorts and lowest price.
Stamford Hill Nursery, N.

ISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower

Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this ieason for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES, LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C,
arc open to teceive consignments of GRAPES. TOM ATOS. CU-
CUMBERS. STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q QU E LCH A^JD B A R N H A M,

k-' giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H ANIJ B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ANTED, Terminal End Saddle BOILER,

capable of heating 2500 feet of 4-inch piping. Lowest
cash price to

Cr GIRLING, BUTCHER and CO., Florists. St. Dun-
Stan's Road, Hanwell, Middlesex.

BULB CATALOGUE, now ready, containing
List of Dutch Hyacinths. Tulips, Crccus, great variety
of Marci.'isus, Dafl'jdils, and l.ilies, &c., has been P-^sted ta all
our Cusiomeis : any nne not having received same will (■bligeus
by lettlne ns know, when another Copy will at once be posted.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed & Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Stieet. Strand. W,C.

pOINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA.— Stron.^

J- Plants from cold pits, ready for 48's — the sam2 straiu
as offered by us last year^ — <os. per 100.

SMITH AND LARKE. Ashford. Middlesex.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS ' in

pots, of all the finest Double and Sing'e varieties (seme
of the fl jwers of whxh become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Pcdding, from 12s. lo 24s. per doien, strong plants. Desciiptive
LIST cm applicalion.

RICHARIJ SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Hyaclnttta. Tulips. Crocus, Liltes, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun,, Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholes,ale CATALOGUE now ready, aad
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E C.

Daflfodil. Daffodilly, Daffodownd lilies.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make'
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

UGENE VERVAET DE VOS, Indian

Azalea Nursery, Swynrerde, near Ghent, Belgium, is
now issuing his English Autumn CATALOGUE, which will be
forwarded free on applicalion —

Offering 12000 JNDIAN AZALEAS. 80 oco AZALEA
MOLLIS, many ihouiand STOVEand other GREENHOUSE
PLAN TS —all ol the Growers' Culture and at the Growers' Prices.
An inspection is respectfully solicited.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering BulbT^of

-t- L. neilgherrense, is. 67. each ; L. WalUchianum, ss. td.
and 3J. 6d. each ; L. polyphylkim, 2j. 6d. and ^s. 6d. each.

The usual allowarc; to the Trade. AUOiders for 25s. carriage
paid to L'ndon. Remittance through post office to accompany
oiders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Kotagiri. Nilgjrii, India.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS beg

to cail the attention of the Trade to their first of Annual
Sales of ERICA -^i of all the leading varieties fjr wmter and.
spring blooming; alsj large quantities of SOLANUM and
CYITSSUS, which wiil be ofieied early in September, of which
due notice will be given. Inspection invited.

Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent.

TTINES, PEACHESJ NECTARINES, and

V APRICOTS in Pots. The leading kinds.

WILL. TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton. Middlesex.

"POR SALE, PEACH TREES, in Tubs,

-L Fan-trained, owing to want of room, including, several
of the new Early Waterloo, Stirling Castle, Dr. Hog^:, &c.
Having been grown in large tubi, these trees are in capital order
for planting a few weeks hence, and would giv^ a crop next
season. Size about 8 feet each way. Prices &c., on ripplication to
W. H. DIVERS. The Gardens. Ketton Hall. Stamford.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of Vitrieties with Piices on application.

"A Book abjut Strawbetries," 3Y.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

S"~TRAWBERRlES.^trong Roots, 4s.^ei
ICO. Plants, in small pots, i6j. per 100 ; ditto in large
pots, 25J. per 100. Descriptive LISP free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merctiants, Worcest r.

Strawberries.
C)UR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of

Vy the most approved varieties is now ready, and will le
sent post-free on application.

THOMAS RIVERS anp SON. Sawbridgewortb. Herts.

QTRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large

KJ 6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price i =^. per
free to London. LIST. Trade Terms, &c , on applicalion.
jAMr-tc rj i^iMf-u^nKT Nurseryman, Richmond,

IQO,

FRANCIS R,
Surrey.

KINGHORN.

LThe Earliest and Best Strawberrtes In the World '
AXTUN'S "KING of the EARLIES"—
the earliest; and THE CAPTAIN,
a true large Perpetual.
Growers who desire to jecure Early Runners or even Plants
at all, should apply at once for particulars, as the stocks are
being taken up for Market purposes. Coloured Plate 6 i.
T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-
injT varieties, well-rooted, 35. per roo, free. SCOTT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the most elTectual mixture for distroying
■wasps.— JOHN SCOTT a.-jd CO., Royal Nurseiie-, Merriolt.

194

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1SS4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sale This Day.— (Sale No. 6704.)
BULBS from HOLI,.\ND.-TRADE SALE.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, THIS DAY, S.\TURDAY, August
16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 3so lots of first. class
Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES.
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, and other
BULBS, just received from well known Farms in Holland, in
lots to suit the Trade and other large Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday Next.
DUTCH BULBS -TRADE SALES.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCnON, at his Great Rooms, ?S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY NEXT, August iS, 20, and 23, at half-past i2
o'clock precisely each day, consignments of iirst-class Double
and Single HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUSES, NAR-
CIS.SUS. SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, and other BULBS, just
received from well-known Farms in Holland, in lots to suit the
Trade and other large buyers.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs.— Monday and Thursday Next.
SPECIAL TRADE SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and 6S. Cheapside, E.C., on MOND.-VY and
THURSDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each
day, extensive consignments of the finest varieties of HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS. NARCt.-iSUS, and other
BULBS from Holland ; the lots will be specially composed to
suit the Trade and other extensive buyers, and arrangements
have been made for the supply of roots of the best quality.

On view morning of sale. Catalogues had of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.
Three VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS,
including Cattleya Eldorado splendens, C. citrina, and
Lailia aulumiialls, together with about Fifty Lots of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in the SALE at their Centra!
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheaoside, E.C, ou TUESDAY
NEXT, August 19.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, being the fourth portion
of the valuable colleclion of J. S. Bockelt. Esq., The Hall,
Stamford Hill, who is removing in consequence of the
estate being at once required for building purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by I, S. Bockett, Esq., to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Ccn'ral Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, August 19. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, ihe fourth portion of his valuable
COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including,
amnngst other fine things ; —
DENDROBIUM AIMSWORTHI, l.YCASTE SKINNERI

ALBA, CCELOGYNE LEMOINEANA, CATTLEYA

TRIAN/E WALLISI, C WARNERI, C. MENDELI,

VANDAS, and others.

At the same time will be SOLD, in Lots, the Erections of
Two Soan-roof GREENHOUSES, wi!h the Hot-water Piping
and other Fittings thereto, which may now be inspected at The
Hall, Stamford Hill, on application to the Gardener, Mr.
EBBAGE.

The ORCHIDS will be ou view in the Auction Rooms
the morning of Sale, and Catalogues may be had of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

Friday Next-Special Sale of Orchids.

CATTLEYA DOWIANA.
CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS.
CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
PAPHINIA GRANDIS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 63, Cheapside.
E.C , on FRIDAY NEXT, August 22, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, specially grand importations of the true CATTLEYA
SUPERBA SPLENDENS with the dark brilliant flowers ; a
truly grand lot of CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS,
and CATTLEYA DOWIANA; the r.are and fine PAPH INIA
GRANDIS, in unusually well bulbed and freely breaking
plants: many SCUTICARIA STEELI. VANDA SANDERI-
ANA, about eight plants of GALEANDRA VIVEAS, very
rare and lovely : GALEANDRA DEVONIANA and G.
DIVES, several new ORCHIDS, including AERIDES SAN-
DERIANU.M. and also many other impoi rations.

On view motniiig of Sale, and fi^alalogues liad.

Flowcrinj Orchids.— Special Sale.

MESSR.S. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce ihit their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will lake place on TUESDAY,
August 25, for which they will be glad to receive entries not
later than the i8th inst .

67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Waltham Cross, N.

MR. J. TYDEMAN will SELL by AUC-
TION EARLY in SEPIEMBER (unless a suitable
ofier Is previously made for the Whole Collections), .it the
Nurseiles, Waltham Cross, a VALUABLE COLLECTION
of .SPECIMEN iTOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
the property of Mr. E. Tudgey, of the " Exotic" Nurseries,
Waltham Cross (late of Worcester), and sold in consequence of
his giving up Exhibiting, including well grown specimens of
Azalea indica, Cape Ericas, Genctyllis, Aphelcxis, Phoino-
comas, Dracophyllums, Stephanotis, Allaniandas, Cleroden-
drons, Francisceas, Rondelellas. Specimen Palms. Anlhuriums,
Crotons, &c. This well-known collection has taken first prizes
at the London and Provincial Shows, viz. : — Regent's Park,
South Kensington, Crystal Palace, Manchester, and elsewhere,
and includes some of the finest grown specimens in the country.
Also two Exhibition Plant VANS, in good repair.

Full particulars of Mr. J. TYDEMAN, Auctioneer and
Valuer, Waltham Cross, N.

Date of Sale will be announced in future Advertisement.

Valuable Freehold Eesidences, Nursery, and

Building Land in Maghull, Lancashire.

MR. W. G. IDLE will SELL by AUC-
TION, at the "GREAT MOGUL INN," MAG-
HULL, on TUESDAY, August 19, at half-pnst 6 o'Clock in the
Evening prompt, subject to conditions of sale, all that FREE-
HOLD ESTATE, situate in Maghull, in the County of lan-
caster, nearly opposite Mr. Cookson's, and fronting the Liver-
pool and Preston turnpike-road, conasting of t^vo large SEMI-
DETACHED MESSUAGES or DWELLING-HOUSES,
with Shrubberies and Gardens to the front thereof, approached
from the road by convenient carriage drives, and with the usual
outbuildings thereto. Also a large PLOT of LAND appertain-
ing and adjoining to the left-hand side house, and neaiest to
Magliull Station, laid out as a NURSERY, with the Green-
house, Cucumber-house, Frames, and other Bnildings thereon
erected, and having a south wall 465 feet 6 niches in extent,
together with an extensive Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind,
and appertaining to the other residence, and together also with
a CROFT or PARCEL of LAND adjoining the bst mentioned
residence. The whole property has a frontage to the said turn-
pike-road of 828 feet, and contains in the whole 4a. ar. 5p.
17K y^"' statute measure, or thereabouts.

Ihe MESSUAGE on the right-hand or Liverpool side, with
the Vegetable and Fruit Garden behind the same, and the said
Croft or Parcel of Land, are in the tenancy of Mr. Charles
Parr, the other Messuage first described in that of Mr. (Jood-
man, and the said Nursery, Hothouses, &c., are in the occupa-
tion of Mr. J. D. Ellison.

The HOTHOUSES consist of a span-roofed Vinery and
Plant-house, 240 feet long by 20 feet wide, in eight sections,
separately heated ; a span-roofed Cucumber-house, 2^0 feet
long by 10 feet wide, in two sections, separately heated ; also
Frames 100 feet long, also heated ; with a Water Tank, Store-
house, and Potting .'^heds. The heating is performed by two
large Treuiliam Boilers.

It not sold as an entirety, the property wiU be oftersd for sale
in the following lots : —

Lot I. -The MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE on
the left-hand side and nearest to Maghull Stati'-'u. with the
Nursery, Hothouses, and other Appurtenances as above men-
tioned. This lot has a frontage of 334 feet, and contains
2a. 2r. 40. 6vd. in the whole.

Lot 2.— The MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE on
the right-hand or Liverpool side, wiih the large Vegetable and
Fruit Garden, and a portion of the Cvoft added as marked out.
Frontage 104 feet. Total contents, 3r. gp. 24yd.

Lot 3. — The remainder or greater portion of the CROFT as
marked out, containing la. or. 3ip. 18yd. in the whole, and
having a frontage of 390 feet. This lot is exceedingly adapted
for building purposes.

This estate is a quarter of an hour's walk from Maghull
Station, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, anti half a
mile distant from the new station on the Souihpoit and Cheshire
Lines Extension Railway, which opens up a direct cominumca-
tioa With Southport, and a thorough communication with Man-
chester. A plan may be inspected at the Solicitors' Orfices.

For further particulars apply to the Auctioneer, at hJs
Offices. Derby Street. Ormskirk ; or to BRIGHOUSE, EKIG-
HOUSE AND JONES, Solicitors, Ormskirk and Southport.

Preliminary.

SALE of an IMPORTANT COLLECTION, comprising
Several Thousand Choice and Rnre ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, ill first-class condition ; and a large number
of IMPORTED PLANTS.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
respectfully notify the receipt of instructions Irom the
Executrix of the late Mr. George Toll, deceased, to SELL
by AUCTION.on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. Si^ptember
9 and to, at their Large Rooms, 45, Prir.css Street, Manchester,
a Finely Sele( ted Lot of Good ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
Catalogues are iu course of preparation.

For (U)ther particulars apply to Messrs. S. SIMPSON and
SON, Solicitors, 15, Southgate, King Street West ; or to the
Auctioneers, 45. Princess Street, both of Manchester.

Sunbury, Middlesex.

IMPORTANT and DESIRABLE PROPERTY. A rare
opportunity. Mutt be sold lo Close the Estate.

FOR SALE, the valuable FREEHOLD
ESTATE known as Osborn's Nursery, comprising
17 Acres of Land, which for the Growth of Fruit Trees, Roses,
and General Nursery Stock is unsurpassed. There are also
several recently built Glass Erections, with Packing and Pot-
ting-sheds, &c. , which cost about ;C3ooo to put up.

"The whole uf the commanding and extensive fronlage to the
road could be easily utilised for building without detriment to
the other portion for Nursery purposes.

Full particulars of the above may be obtained, and offers
made, through Me'isrs. PRO'l HEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, about 6 miles
from Covent Garden, wholesale Cucumber and Choice
Cut Flower Business, comprising lo-roomed House, 4 acres of
Land, 6 Spar-roof Greenhouses (one a show-house), well heated
with Hot-water. Held at a. low ground rent for 74 years. 1 arge
stock of Camellias, Roses, Gardenias, Stephanotis, Euchatis,
Azaleas, &c. An excellent opportunity of adding the Retail
and Jobbing Trade, For sale through ill health, after sixteen
years' successful occupation.

Apply to S. MUGGERIDGE, Land Agent, 8, Duke Street,
Adelphi, London, W,C.

ITOR SALE, a FLORIST'S BUSINESS,

1- with Double-fronted Dwelling-house and five good
Greenhouses, quarter of an Acre of Ground. Ninety-six years'
Lease. Price X650 ; greater part can be paid by easy
instalments.

Apply, W. C. WILLIAMS, Vicarage Nursery, Vicarage
Road, 'i'ottenham.

FOR SALE or to LET on Lease, a 7-roomed
COTTAGE Residence, with Laiid and Gl.iss Houses.
Six minutes from Hampton Station.

JOHN EMBLETON, Suffolk House. New Hampton.

FREEHOLD, substantial 8-roomed HOUSE,
Large Bunching Sheds, capital Well of Water, double-
action Pump : suitable for Florist, Nur>eryman, or Private
Residence. /^S.s j—^^'joo can remain loj^ miles from London.
ROBINSON, Penc; Piece, Barking Side, Essex.

Florists and Othera.

Within sYz miles of Covtnt Garden.

RESIDENCE, Four GLASSHOUSES, and
\y> Acre of Walled GARDEN, in first-class working
order. Over 50 years' Lease. Capital required about .^^500.

Apply to Mr. B. WOOD, F>usiness Agent, 42, George Street,
Richmond.

John Maurer's Dirkhlll Nursery Garden, Bradford,

Yorkshire,

TO LET, as a going concern, Stock in Trade,
Implements, &c.. inmiediately, owner being compelled
to leave en account of ill-health. Rare opf-oriunity for com-
petent man.

Kingswood Cottage N\irsery, Vulcan Road, Brockley,

Kent.

TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession
(Proprietor being occupied in other business), containing
ab:ut hali an Acre, with Greenhouses upwards of 200 feet by
12 feet ; Dwellnig-house, six Rooms, and Outbuildings; five
years' lease. unexpired. Can be renewed. Rent about ^£33 per
annum. Room for addiiional Glass, or if left as at present, is
suitable for a man requiting easy occupation. Arrangement for
Glass and Stock by priv^.te treaty. — Address H. H,, as above.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 63. Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stoue, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

D STALKER AND SON (late Wiseman),
• having had 25 years' experience in England and Wales,
are prepared lo carry on all sorts of Work entrusted to their
care, especially LANDSCAPE GARDENING, practically,
efficiently, and ecanomically. — Cawdor Road, and LodgehiU,
Nairn, N. 8.

'■p MILLINGTON and CO., English

J- • and Foreign Sheet and Pi,ate Glass, White
Lead, Millbd Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

Buslx Hill Parli Niuraery. near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, and oiher Ouidoor
Nursery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nursery, near the Bush
Hilt Park Staiion of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the Glass
Erections, which consist of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
three Houses, averaging upwards of 100 feet in length, many of
them 25 feet wide, containing Acacias, Azaleas, Adiantums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracaenas, Ericas, Gardenias, Genistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines, Palm'^, Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
nums, &c. Clapton Nursery, London. E.

a^HE EXECUTORS of the late B. Maller

-L beg to offer to the Trade a very extensive and extra
well grown stock of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other vaiieties),
EPACRIS. SOLANUMS. GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS,
BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM and other
FERNS. GREVILLEAS, ViNES (in pots). &c. Au inspec-
tion is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on applica-
tion.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 16.

Buret Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee.

Notice.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. — Established 1S56.

LEWIS ISAACS, Importer of Dutch
Bulbs, 3, Victoiia Warehouses, Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E.C, begs to iniorm his Customers and the Trade in general ihat
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with his annual
well selected stock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade only,
he bej;,'S to offer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
all true to name and colour, at an all-round price of 3^. per
Bulb, ill any quantity from half a dc/en of a sort and upwards.
The ^.tock is on view to intending purchasers, at the above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Catalogues post-free on application.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nurserymen,
• Sfei>smen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.— The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) ot Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberoui'rooled Plants for
1884 and 1885, is now ready, and may be had free on preprud
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florist?. The
CataKgue, alihoueh givmg only an extract of the collectioris,
forms a pamphlet of 48 pa^es 8vo, in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the moat complete sent out for this speciality. _ The
collections of every description of the eslablishnient are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

TAUTCH BULBS.

"r\IRECT FROM THE~GROWERS.

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen
Overveen, near Haailcm, Holland.
Intending punhasers of Dutch Bulbs ate inviled to teatl
Ant. Koozen & Son's CATALOGUE for iSSj. and s^c ihi
latge saving cflccted by dealing direct with ihc Grower. The
Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to ihcir Ag«iit>,
MERTENS and CO., 3, Cross Lane, St. M.iry-at-HiIl, E.C.

Palms- Palms.

WM. CROWE ofters the following: as
• strong, clean stuflf, in fio-pit?, quite lit for shifting
into 48's :— Lalania borbonica, 25^. per 100; ditto, extra size,
40i. per 100. Cocos Weddelian.i, 105, perdozcii ; dittto plumosi,
hs. per dozen, ao.r. per loo ; Seafcrihia elegans, 301. per 100 ;
Areca sapida, 6r. per doztn, 35J. per 100 ; Caryota urens. two
to three leaves. 251. per 100; Phrenix reclinata, best variety,
3or. per too; Sabal Blackburyana, e,s. per do/en; Euteip«
edulis, 6j. per dozen, 4or. per 100. Also fiom stores: — I atania
borbonica, "js. per 100 ; Caryota urens, 5^. per 100 ; Corypha
australis, "js. per loo; Pho:nix reclinata, best variety, 7f,per 100.
Boleyn Nurjery, Upton, Essex.

DAFFQDILS-DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Irish and other Dafiodils may he

had on application. Some very tme forms are offered for the

Jirst time, and ozer 100 ■z'ariftii-s to select Irom. Pl«ase

enclose 6rf. to cover exclusive cxpeiuc of publication.

WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., " Old Established " W.irehouse,

34, Patrick Street, Cork.

August i6, 1SS4.]

THE

A R D R NE RS CHR O N I CL E.

195

FOSTER & PEARSON, Beeston, Notts.

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PAX TON'S CALENDAR

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price Sd., Post Free 3|d.

W. RICHARDS. 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

V!<

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perftction of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durabihty cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,

aild th^t THE VERY BEST.

Conservatories and Winter Gai'dens desigrned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed

io all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hottoed Boxes, &c., always in stock. '

Plans, Eitijjiates and Catalogues free. Custor.zers tvaited on in any fart of tJu Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIAL?.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the improved Cullivation
of all Vegetables. F.y William Earley, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to
Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4J. dd.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.

A complete Guide to the M"nnagenient and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price ']s.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. Fishfr.

Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s.

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earlev. Price i.. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS, a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culfure.
By William Earley. Price \s. stitched.

ALEXIS D A L L I K R E'S Nursery,
Ghent, Belgliun.

Great Culture of AZ^LKA INDlCA. AZALEA MOLLIS.
CAMELLIAS and RHODODENDRONS in P-ud. Nursery-
men rt-quiting thnse Plants hy hundreds or in larger quantities,
nre requested to send their orders as early as possible. A. D.
will not be able to puariutef the execution of late oiders.

Immense numbers of the following Palms, &c., are aho
cultivated in this establishment, viz., Areca lutescens, Latania
boibonica, Phienixreciiuata, Phitnix tenuis, Seaforthiafeleganp,
PtychospeiniLi Alexandras, Aspidistra foL var., Dracasna termi*
nalis, Dracrena indiviiia, Spir;t:a jiiponica, Crotons, Fjcus, Bro-
meliads, Ferns, Orcliids, &c.

Prices and dimensions sent on application, as also the General
CATALOGUE of the Establishment.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above Intetniediate Stocks
in five colours, Scarltrt, Purple, While, Crimson, ami Snow-
white, wall-leaved, in packets, i.f., ai. Oaf., and 5^. each col.iur.
Price to the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

4//. per bushel ; loo for 251. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40J. ; 4-bushel liaRs, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per s.lcl(
5 sacks, 25J. ; sacks. 4^. eaclu

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 .sacks 2M. ; sacks,
4^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. u. grf. per bushel; 151. per half
ton, its. per ton : in 2 bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAK-
MOULD, II. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. bd. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write for Free
Price LIST.-H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called t7A, Coal Yardl, W.C.

THOMSON'S VlfJE and PLANT
MANURE.

London : BEADBURT, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.

This is the Mamiie used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Crrcfd ir.^, 7i.'i(/i fnti particulars, on appUmtintf to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO,

(JOHN COWAN), LuiiTED,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,

GAR3TOW, LIVEaPOOL.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.
TjIIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—

V BROWN FIBROUS PK.^T, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants,&c.,.i6 6i.perTruck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s. ; 5 Bags, 22J. 6d. ; 10 Bags,
45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s. td. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52J. per Truck of 4 ton.=.
WALKER AND CO., Faiiiborough St.«iuii, Hams.

pi) C O A - N U T FIBRE REFUSE,

V^ be^t quality, as supplied to the princip.il Ntirserj-men and

Nobiliiy, 75. per Bat; ; 15 Bags, zis. \ 30 Ba^s, 25s., s,-nt to ail

parts ; Truckload, 25.?., free to rail. Best LoAM and I'KAT

A. FOULON, 32. St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.

ORCHID PEAT, PURE BRACKEN FIBRE
(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr, EPPS informs his Friends that he is now en:iblcd l )
execute all orders tor this article most satisfactorily.
Dep6t — Ringwood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, 21. 61/, per sack : thi.ty, is. gd. ', twctiiy,
3J. 6d. ; ten, jj ; five, 41, dd. Ssclcs 6d, each.

Excellent PEAT for Rhododendrons and common purposes,
5CJ. per truck, t4j. per ton. Sample sack 25. 6*^.

LOAM. SAND, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM, &c
See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

THE HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION is the cheapest and best House in the
Trade for really good LIGHT FIBROUS PEAT. Having
purchased aooo tons of the veiy best quality, the Association is
prepared to make special offers to the Trade, for quantities by
the Yard or Ton in trucklads. Terms on application. In
sample bags, 4^. 6./. per ba;j. Very best, selected for Orchids,
65. per bag ; twenty bags for 55. per bag. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, 4s. per bag ; five bags for i.^s. 6d.

Also the best and cheapest house for LOAM, SAND (coarse
and fine), LEAF MOULD. COCOA FIBRE, MATS.
RAFFIA, CORK, GUANO (Real Peruvian), STICKS.
LABELS. BOUQUET WIRE, and every GARDEN
REQUISITE.

FIBRE, 7,d. per bushel ; per truck of 2 tons, 351-. The best
coarse SILVER SAND, is.6d. per bushel ; laj. td. per yi ton :
22i. per ton.

BEST YELLOW BETCHWORTH LOAM, is. per bushel.

LEAF MOULD, is. 6d. per bushel.

PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.

COMPOST for Potting or for Garden, is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 71. 6d. per bag.

Our speciality TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER.

Universal MANURE. The best yet offered— a very powerful
Fertiliser, 131. per cwt.

PERUVIAN GUANO, as imported, iSj. per cwt. ; 56 lb.,
iis.\ 7 lb , 2.r. 6d. All bags ^d. each.

Terms, Cash with Order, or Trade reference.

The HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
Sutioa Road, Elephant and Castle, S.E.

196

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Auci'ST i5, 1S84.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E C

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HOR I'lCULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, nnd send competent ;issistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at iji, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.

illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-f.'te on application.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEK OF
GLAZING WITHOUT I^UTTY

REQUIRES NO O U 1' S I D E P A I N T I N P.

Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.

Banksian Medal of Koyal Horticultural Society.

Old Koofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Woiks, Jlrighouse, Voikshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber^, Westminsttr. S W.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Pateniess and Sole Manufacturers cf the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames.

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

^rrr^ypffr^fipp^

:^

Estimates given for tvery kind of Horticultural
BuiidlSBS.

Price List on atiplicjtioit to

WLUGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Cucumber Frames.
T) HALLIUAY and C O. desire to

-Li'« diaw special attention to their Cucumber Iramcs,
of which they :ilways have a large stock, ready gla/fd and
painlet^. 1 hey are made of the beit mateuals, and cr.n b; put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in Enfiland :— £,
.light frame, « ["■ IjV 6 feet | ,,„^

J.

3-light frame. 12 feet by 6 feet >q^^^^ f.^-g

i3 10 o
550
IQ O O

6-light frame. 94 feet by 6 feet .

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and Iramiag for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAYandCO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton. Manchester.

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY

(JOHN COWAN), LliMITED,

Have a splendid stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they off-r as follows !—

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUiM LOWI, grantJ plants, in s-inch pots, anti 4 to 6 fine new
growths, ds. each, 60^. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOW], fine plants, in 5-inch pots, with strong bulbs, 2 and 3 fine new

growths, 5x. each, 48^. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, with strong bulbs, and 4 and 5 new growths, in 4-inch

pots, 3.f. (yd. each, 36^. per dozen.
„ SUAVISSIMUM, guaranteed true, flowers large, and plants iu 5 inch pots, 10 and 12 bulbs,

and numerous new growths, 51. each, and 42^. per dozen.
„ THYRSIFLOKUM, splendid plants, in 6-inch pots, 8 to to fine bulbs, 55. each, 40J. per

dozen ; fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 3.S. dd. each, 30^. per dozen.
„ CRASSINODE BARBERIANUM, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 5 and 6 fine bulbs each, and
numerous growths, 51. each, 485. per dozen ; fine plants, in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6d. each,
24J'. per dozen.
Also D. CHRYSOTOXUM, DEVONIANUM, PRIMULINU.M, FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM,
EBURNEUM, DALHOUSIANUM, and other fine varieties.at equally moderate prices.
The Company have also to announce the arrival of a splendid importation of ORCHID.S from South America,
consisting of splendid masses of Cattleya Eldorado, C. superbi splendens, ScuLic^ri.t Steeli, and many other grand
varieties, also several perfectly new plants. Full particulars sent on application.

The Company have also just received from South .Vmericn, a grand collection of PALM SEEDS, including
many perfectly new varieties. Full particulars on application.

Terms Cash in 14 days. Thp usual allowitica to the Trade.

THE VINEYABD & NURSERIES, GARSTON.

R. LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES.

KING OF THE E.-^RLIES.— The earliest Strawberry. Ripens in the open in May ; large, delicious flavour,
and most prolific.

.. THE CAPTAIN. — Very large and handsome ; glossy scarlet fruit of good flavour, ripening early in June. Wry
prolific ; flesh unusually firm, and an excellent traveller. This variety is also more perpetual than any other, and
for market and gcneial cultivation the best Strawberry yet sent out.

One Market Grower who has seen ihem has ordered 3000 plants of these Strawberries.

The following Trade Firms have also ordered, and can supply them true:—

BUNYARD, G., and CO., Maidbtone.
CHRISTOPHLB, J., Dorchester.
CLIBRAN, VV., AND SUN, Altrincliam,
COLE. JOS., Evesham.
DANIELLS BROS . Norwich.
UICKSON, F. AND A.. Chesttr.
GODFREY, W. J.. Exmonth.
HARRISON AM) SONS, Leicester.
HUADE, JAS.. Addlestone. Surrey.
KENNEUY.JAS., Dumfries.
KERSHAW, CHAS., Briehouse.
LAING AND CO.. Twickenham.
LAURENSUN, W,, Eagl«cliffe.

Particulars luith prices, post-free.

LEE, GEO., Clevedon.
LUCOMBE, PINCE and CO., Exeler.
McFARLANE, G , Alnwick.
MATTHEWS. ISAAC, and EON.,

Jtol<e-on-Trent
MILES, E., Shate.sbury.
PaILLET, L.. Chatenav. near Paris.
PAUf^, G., AKU mON, Cheshunt.
PFITTZilR, v\ILHELM. Siuligirt.
RIVERS, T., AND SON, Sawbridge-

worth.
ROEMER, K., Queril nburj;.
SAMPSON, J. T., Biidport.

Coloured Plate bd. The

SANDFORD, R., Tonington, Devon.

SANG, E., AND SONS, Kirkcaldy.

SHEPPARD. JAS., Bedford.

SHEPPERSON, S., Belper.

SMITH, JAS., AND SON, Dailty
, Dale.

I SUTTON AND SONS, ReadiiiR.
I VEITCH. JAS.. AND SON. CneUea
IviLMOKm, ANDRIEUX, anj CO.
Pans.

WILLIAMS. J. AND F., Devizes.

YOUNG, OAKENHEAD, and CO.,
Cork.

Trade liberally dealt 'luit/i.

THOMAS LAXTON, SEED GROWER, BEDFORD.

SELECTED FARM, FLOWER,

VEGETABLE SEEDS,

OF ALL SORTS, FOR PRESENT SOWING.

Early CABB \GE, LETTUCE, ONION, TURNIP, CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA,
PRIMULA, PAN.SY, BEGONIA, TRIFOLIUM, ITALIAN RYE-GRASS, Champion Ox
CABBAGE, Mi.v;ed GRASSES and CLOVERS, &c.

Priced CATALOGUES Post-free.

Eaily White Sin,.;!e Roman HYACINTHS, Paper White and Double Rom.an NARCISSUS,

also all other BULBS for Early Forcing purposes, of best quality.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS,

108, EASTGATE STREET, CHESTER.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES,

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

IN'VITE AN INSI'F.CTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

ivltich an- noiv ripening Large Crops of Fruit,
A FINE GO LLECTIQN OF HOSES IN BLOOM

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G. IC.R.) at 10 32 and 2.5oforthe Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBRIDGEWOl^TH, HERTS.

August i6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

197

Lalng's
Begonia
Tnbers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of Whlto Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,

per dozen \is. Producing tine decorative plants.

Most useful for cutting. Free by P.ircels

Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Rom.in HYACINTHS, SNOWDROPS, .ind DAFFODILS,

at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exceptionally fine tliis semon.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gemlcnicn desirous of obtaining the trii^

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter PlaiuinR. should send ihclr
Orders as early as conveDient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.II.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.

Price LISTS on application.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
Rar«, aud lieauiiful

. FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Culiivation,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over looo Species and Varieties free on application.
. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hinis on Ftrn
Culture," and other useful and interestiog information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SUTTON & SONS

• having just received, in fine condition, their
first consignment of

Roman Hyacinths and Early Narcissus,

are prepared to execute Orders at the
following prices : —

Single White Roman
Hyaclntlia

Paper White Narcissus

Per doz.
3S.

13. 9d.

Per 100.
21S.

12s. 6d.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

Lalng's
Roman
Hya-
cinths.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for 2J. i^d. : 6 for u, 6(/., fine butbs of Eaily

White Roman Hjacinihs. So chaste and useful for

early winter b'ooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , also free by post.

Bulb Merchants Forest Hill, P.E.

f^fmet^M5^e^

OUR DOUBLE IVY PELARGONIUMS.

But few have an idea what splendid varieties we pos-
sess. We have a house 100 feet long, in which all are
planted out, and now present a grand sight. Many
have flowers measuring just upon 3 inches over, and the
new, wonderful, and brilliant colours, with their long
wiry stalks, together with their persistency of petal,
renders them one of the most useful and valuable of all
flowers for bouquets, &c. Send for a Catalogue.

H. CANNELIj & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,
SWANLEY, KENT.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of I dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 34/-. E 18/ , F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-. R 63/-, S 48/-. T 42/-

CoUections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-, H 18/-. J 18/-. K 12/-. Lg/- per doz.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen.
S ingles, for bedding. M 40/-, N 30'-, O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

(BARTERS' EARLY BULBS for FORCING,

V-^ to produce Beautiful White and Coloured Flowers,
suitable for Christmas and Winter Decoration.

ARTERS' EARLIEST WHITE ROMAN

HY.-\CINTHS— Per 1000, 150s.; per 100, i8s. frf. ; per

CARTERS' EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS-

Per loco, Q5J. ; per 100, lor. dd. ; per dozen, is 6d
CARTERS' DOUBLE ROSE PARISIAN HYACINTHS—

Per 100, .55.; per dozen, 2r.
CARTERS' DOUULE ROMAN NARCISSUS-Per ico,

I2r. 61/. ; per dozen, zr.
CARTERS' PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS— Per 100,

I Ji 6a. : per dozen. 7r.
CARTERS' NARCISSUS STELLA, Pure White-Per 100,

»5r ; per dozen. 3J. 61/.
CARTERS' DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow—

Per too, 7J. 6d. ; per dozen, is.
CARTERS' DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, Extra Large— Per

1000, 301. : per loo, 3r. 6rf.
CARTERS' LILY OF THE VALLEY, Strong Clumps-

Per dozen, 155. ; each, ir. ad.
CARTERS' SPIR/EA JAPONICA, Pure White— Per dozen,

7i" (>d ; each, ()d.
CARTERS' DEUTZIA GRACILIS, Pure White— Per dozen,

lor. td. ; each, ij.
TUBEROSES-Carteri' Extra Early Double Sweet-scented ;

Extra Large Bulbs — Per ico, 30J. : per do2en, 4r. 6d.

Good Flowering Bulbs — Per ico, 20J. : per dozen, 35. 6d,
All sent Packing and Carriage Free to all parts of England
and Wales.

CHARTERS' Seedsmen by Royal Command
J to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

Z37 and Z38. HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON. W.C.

OFFERED FOR EARLY ORDERS : —
HELLERORUS NIGER, fine strong Plants. 261. per
1000. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP/EUM, 24J.
per 1000: Smaller Tubers, 14.T, per 1000. NARCISSUS
POETICUS, i4t. per 1000. LILIUM MARTAGON, 30s.
per iroo CVPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS, 80s. p»r icoo.
VFRATRUM ALBUM, 45s. per 1000. Seed of HELLE-
EORUS NIGER, 12s. per kdogramme. A sample of the most
papular and beautiful Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
properly addiessed, from

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK. Alilenjbach, Lower Austria.

I

SUTTON'S

BULB CATALOGUE

For 1884,

Is now ready, and may be had, gratis
and post-free, on application.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING.

THE LIVEKPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, havir,g a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with confidence recommend
them to purchaFiers : —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in sK-inch pots, iZs. per doz. ; 7-inch

pots, 3'55. per doz
ACACIA DRUMMONDI, in 5-itich pots, iSj.perdoz.; 4-inch

pots, 125. per doz.
,, ARMATA. in 5-inch pots, i8j. per doz,; 4-inch pots,

lis. per doz, [12^. per dcz

,, HYBRIDA, in s-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

SULANUiM CAPSICASTRUM, well berried, in 5-inch pots,

12s and i?.t. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plantsin the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pols, 365, arid 42.'-. pc doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in f-irch pols, 12s aid i8r. perd^z ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24J., 30J., and 42J. per doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-inch pots. 41. per doz. ;

4j2-inch pots, gs. per doz
,, TRaFFZIFORME, in 3 inch pots, 4^. per doe. ; 4|^iQch

pots, qi. per doz.
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, nev/, in

3-inch pots. 6s. per doz. [P'^'' doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in s-inch pots, 45.
TEA ROSES in vaiiety, a grand stock in 5-inch pots, 12J. per

doz. ; 7-inch pois, 24.J,, 30.J , ard 36J. per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, wilh six and seven bunches on each

plant, i2s. 6d. and 15J. each; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries, <,$., 7s. 6tJ., 105. dd., and i-js. 6d.

each, according to strength. Stock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gaiston.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price Liit sent free to any address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, zs. pkt., 25. dd, per oz.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, \s. 6d. pkt.. ns. 6d. per oz.

Daniels' Little Queen, super fine early dwarf, is 6d. pkt., 7S.6d. oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers. Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autunnn Sowing,

Daniela' Golden Rocca, fine straw-coloHred skin, ir. 6d. per
packet. 31. 6d. per cz

Paniel>' Giant Rocca. weight 2 to 3 lb., is. per oz., lor. per lb.

DanieU' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and best Silver-
skin Onion known, ts. 6d. per packet, 35. 6d. per cz.

Z'ltau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, Sd,
per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS., "seed Mercliants, NORWICH.

|)iv|> ^^P:.!^'i^

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST i6, 1884.

SYON HOUSE, BRENTFORD.

IN these tiays of building and railroad aggres-
sion it is pleasant to see that the noble
establishment of his Grace the Duke of North-
umberland, in spite of its proximity to London,
preserves its boundaries intact, and that once
within them we are, as of old, only reminded
of our nearness to the great city by the
gentle hum of the trafiic, which serves
to make the repose of the immediate sur-
roundings still more impressive. The gar-
dening arrangements at Syon have, as in other
large places, undergone many changes, but
through all the beautiful grounds and noble
trees have preserved it always the same to the
casual observer, its area of nearly 300 acres
containing some of the finest and rarest speci-
mens in the country. In the grounds, however,
as in every other part of the establishment
under his care, Mr. Woodbridge has made many
improvements calculated to give uniformity,
and to add to the beauty of its varied scenery.
The walks have been made equal in width, the
previously straight fronts of many of the shrub-
beries have been broken up, fresh clumps and
single specimens planted, climbing Roses and
other trailers arranged to run up trees, and rock-
eries made, undergrowth of Hypericum and Ivy
placed where other things would not grow,
and innumerable other matters seen to which
none other than a true landscape garden artist
would think of Especially effective, as here
arranged, are the snowy Populus nivea, and the
bushy little Salix rosmarinifolia. The question
is often asked, What can I plant in a swampy
place that will thrive and yet not get too
large ?

The answer is, Salix rosmarinifolia. In habit
it is like a dwarf Oak, very pretty and quaint in
appearance, and quite at home in swampy
ground where other things would only die.
After a few years it grows very slowly, and
never breaks the uniformity of its thape by
rank growth. Very lovely, too, are the clumps
of Rhododendrons, among which the Bracken
are growing and sending up their fronds from
5 to 10 feet in height. People rave about the
beauty of Gleichenia flabellata, but our Briti.;h
Bracken is quite as handsome, and very much
like it when well situated. No large garden is
quite perfect without a piece of water, but few
are so well supplied with this requisite as ,Syon,
the view from the bridge of the winding expanse
of water, with its white and yellow Water Lilies,
purple Lythrums, rosy Epilobiums, and the
varied foliage on its banks being a very pleasant
one at this season.

In the glass department and garden proper
utility in all things is the primary object,
flowers for cutting, plants for decoration,
and good fruit and vegetables in large quan-
tities, being always in demand. But even
under thesecircumstances Mr.Woodbridge does
not allow the beauty, neatness, or interest of
any part of the garden or its contents to suii'er ;
and while most things are conducted on such a
plan that many market growers might gain a

198

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 16, iS

lesson from them, the holiday visitor, looking at
external objects only, will not fail to be pleased.
Perhaps the one great improvement, and that
the one on which so many successes have
depended, is the clever manner in which Mr.
Woodbridge has modernised and rendered use-
ful the many ill-ventilated iron structures which
were peculiar to the place many years ago, and
which seem to have been constructed without
the slightest regard for the vegetable life which
they were to contain. Many of these were of
the old Pine-pit kind, without front ventilation ;
some were earthed-up to the eaves, and conse-
quently without either front lights or front ven-
tilators ; others were of the pit pattern, almost
as costly to build as houses, but without having
walks to them, or other means of access than
that given by removing the lights.

All these defects have passed away, pits have
had walks made in them and entrances furnished,
thus turning them into houses ; front sashes and venti-
lators have been arranged throughout, the heating
apparatus and means of giving air rearranged, and all
in a perfect and economical manner, which is deserv-
ing of the highest praise. The manner in which front
ventilators have been put to the great iron tropical
house is specially interesting, as the ironwork of the
front could not be tampered with, seeing that the
whole of the structure depended on it for support. The
difficulty was cleverly and simply overcome by remov-
ing the glass for about 4 feet at the lowest part of the
front from end to end, and by fitting a false front of
■.vood with movable glass sashes on the outside of the
ironwork, which renders the house as perfect in the
respect of ventilation as could be desired. The ranges
of plant-houses have also been, transformed from
unpractical pits, and the plants themselves speak well
for the change, they being healthy, clean, and flori-
fcrous. It is one of the features now at Syon that
even the most critical florist could hardly pick out a
plant which was not in itself, when viewed alone,
well worthy of the room it occupied. It vrould be
well if the same could be said of many of our other
old gardens.

The first division of the first range is occupied
chiefly by Calanthe Vcitchii, Gardenias, and Eucharis,
the two latter in bloom, and Asparagus plumosus,
and on the roof that richest coloured of climbers,
Dipladenia Brearleyana, coveted withblooms, although
it has been affording cut blooms for months.

The second division has a bed of the Syon House
specialty, Ilymenocallis macrostephana, with its
snowy and sweet flowers, the rest of the division being
occupied by Orchids, noticeable being several large
specimens of Peristeriaelata, sending up stout spikes;
some very healthy Epidendrum bicorimtum, and well
flowered Dendrobium Dalhnusianum, and on the roof
Dipladenia boliviana and Slephanolis in full bloom.
The third division has Aerides, Vandas, Saccolabiums,
Cypripediums, and other warm-house plants, as well
as a fine lot of Anlhurium Scherzerianum. The
fourth division contains Odontoglossums, Lselias,
Cattleyas, and other cool-house plants. The Orchids
seem to thrive particularly well, and it is contemplated
to arrange a new cold house for Odontoglossums,
Masdevallias, Sic, and thus give room to the general
collection which is increasing.

The second plant range in several compartments
is devoted to greenhouse "plants, tuberous Begonias,
and Bouvardias. Beyond are the pits containing
good batches of Cyclamen, Cinerarias, and others
applied to the raising of small Ferns and mosses, and
to the securing of successional plants of different
things by propagation. The old Victoria Lily-house,
which still contains the tank round which so many
have gazed in wonder at the giant Water Lily which
once occupied it, now contains Azaleas grown for
affording cut bloom, the only aquatic being a blue
Nymph;ei in flower in the lesser tank.

The Vines in the long ranges of vineries, not less
than the houses themselves, needed renovation when
their present manager took office, and that entailed
a series of delicate operations extending over a long
time, as it was impossible to do the work at once on
account of its being imperative that the supply should
not fail. By judicious management, however, and by
making use of many pot Vines, the greater part of the
worn-out ones have been removed and young ones
planted — the Muscal of Alexandria-house, which now
bears its first crop, beingan excellent exampleof the new

work ; the caues are strong and clean, and the berries

and bunches large — in fact they are show fruit. Many
other good examples of Vine culture are here, and
some specially good crops of serviceable bunches on
the old Vines, particularly in the Black Hamburgh
houses. The long ranges of Peach-houses and Fig-
houses are made the most of, the back walls being
always planted with Figs, Camellias, or other things
useful ; and the Melon-houses are in some instances
bearing fruits on the second crop of plants— indeed,
no sooner is one thing out of the way at Syon than
another takes its place. A notable instance of this
plan is carried out on the large iron pit ground,
which is now so serviceable. Tomatos come in every-
where in these pits as space is afforded ; they are also
planted on the back walls while other crops occupy
them. In some instances they are sown in spring
and planted out in these pits, fruited until winter,
when they go barren for a short time, and then com-
mence to fruit again in early spring, the old plants
giving a good crop long before early sown ones come
into fruit— in fact, are fruiting all the year, except a
short spell in the depth of winter. Hathaway's Excel-
sior is the sort grown, and they are allowed to ramble
over trellises like plant staging. Vines grown as for
pots, but planted out, ate also grown in these pits, as
well as pot Vines, and Cucumbers and Tomatos are
always ready to take the places of pot .Strawberries,
early Potatos and French Beans, the whole being
worked systematically and with precision and such
neatness that it would not be suspected that produce
was the first consideration, the large kitchen garden,
with its fruit-laden walls, indeed, being embellished
with a very bright ribbon border on each side of its
middle walk.

The historical tropical house has now two of its
divisions planted with Vmes which are so far
noticeable from the fact that although they were old
Vines, lifted and planted there two years ago, they
are now well laden with good bunches. The other
two divisions are occupied by Bananas, Vanilla,
Pougainvillea, &c. The large semicircular conser-
v.atory must be a trying place to keep in such perfec-
tion as it now is, there being a profusion of flowers
found in many of the divisions, and of clean specimens
of Ferns, Palms, and foliage plants in others, the
interest culminating in the centre division, which is
65 feet in height, but of which even the great height
does not prevent those wonderful specimens of Bam-
boos, Cereus, &c., from occasionaliy pushing out the
glass at the top. One wonderful specimen of tropical
vegetation, Dendrocalamus Brandish, with many
stems like the mast of a yacht, and young shoots
iS inches in circumference, being a marvellous object,
and so also are the Cereus hexagonus, over 60 feet ;
the Clethra arborea, covered with bloom, over
30 feel ; and many of the other curious plants. In the
area partly girt by the conservatory is the fountain
and flower garden, the latter being a splendid piece of
work, consisting of carpet, ribbon and old-style flower
gardening, the brilliancy of its eflfect being heightened
by the uprising background of trees. It is also a good
proof of the usefulness of bedding plants when these
are fittingly used, by being confined to the flower
garden proper, and are not planted all over the place
to ihus mar the effect of our more enduring hardy
flowering shrubs.

[We gave a double- page woodcut and other illus-
trations of this fine establishment in our number for
September 16, 1882. Ed.]

Tt'f w

DYCKIA LEPTOSTACHYA, n. sp."

This is a near ally of Dyckia rariflora, Pot. Mag.^
t. 3449, from which it differs by its more robust habit,
larger leaves, longer stem, minute distant stem-bracts,
ascending shorter flowers, and very short style. We
received it at Kew from Paraguay in the year 1867,
but it has not flowered till this present .nimmer. A
monograph of the species of this genus is greatly
wanted. They are all natives of the southern half of
Brazil and the adjacent territories. The same species,

* Dyckia ief'tostachya., d. sp.— Subacaulis ; foliis dense rosii-
latis 15 — j8 hnccolatis acuminatis riRidis, sesqiiipedalibus
recurvatis. e t>a'.i ad apicem scnsim altemiatis supra basin prrt-
funde canaliciilatis, facie glabris vindibus, dnrso pruinosis ^ub-
tiliter lineatis ; pedunciilo tripedali gracili foliis bract eiformi-
bus adpressis parvis re mot is ; floribus 20—35 in spicani sim-
plicem subUxam ereclani dispositis, omnibus sessilibus ascen-
dentibns ; bracleis delloideis calyce dupio brevionbus ; sepalis
orbicularibir. pruinosis imbricatis ; pelalis splendidc scarlatinis
calyce diipln longioribus ; staminibus petalis pauIo longioribus ;
stylo subnullo. J. G Baker.

or one very closely allied, was collected long ago by
liurchell on the mountains of the province of Goyaz.

Leaves 15 — 18, in a dense, nearly sessile rosette,
lanceolate-acuminate, falcate, rigid in texture, iS — 21
inches long, i — 1\ inch broad above the dilated base,
narrowed very gradually to the acuminate apex, chan-
nelled down the glabrous pale green face, especially in
the upper half, semicircular on the back, which is
finely lepidote and clothed with a thin adpressed coat
of lepidote persistent white meal, the marginal prickles
horny, brown, much hooked and decurved, except
towards the base of the leaf. Peduncle very slender,
a yard long, exclusive of the spike, terete, arising
from the base of the rosette of leaves, its adpressed
distant scariose bract-leaves not more than \ — 4 ^"^^
long. Flowers 20 — 25, in a simple erect spike 6—9
inches long ; bracts deltoid-araplexicaul, less than
half as long as the calyx. Sepals suborbicular, \ inch
long, reddish, densely pruinose. Corolla bright
scarlet, \ inch long ; petals obovate-cuneate, \ inch
broad. Stamens just exserted beyond the tip of the
petals. Ovary cylindrical-trigonous; style scarcely
^■^y* y* G. Baker.

COLUMBIA MARKET.

On Friday, the Sth inst., a meeting was held in
the Council-room of Columbia Market by a large and
influential body of farmers, market gardeners, and
others, to consider a report of their elected committee
upon the half-yearly report of the directors of the
Great Eastern Railway Company, adopted at a meet-
ing of shareholders, held on July 29.

The Chairman, Mr, W. Beeson, of the firm of
W. & A. Beeson, of Columbia Market, Tooley Street,
and King's Cross, in opening the proceedings, briefly
explained ihe object of the meeling, and the report
of the committee was read, as follows : —

"That in the opinion of this meeting of farmers,
market gardeners, and others residing in the Great
Eastern district, who formerly sent their produce to
the Bishopsgate depot, and now sending to Columbia
Market, the concluding paragraph of the directors'
report to the shareholders of the Great Eastern Rail-
way Company on July 29, 1SS4, is generally believed
to be inaccurate and misleading, inasmuch as
Columbia Market, with full parliamentary powers,
provides * further market accommodation ' superior
in every respect for market purposes to that whicK '
the Great Eastern Railway Company attempted.
It has, since the closing of Bishopsgate depot on
January iS, 1SS4, been considerably extended to 'meet
the requirements of the dense population in the east
of London,' and provision is made for further enlarge-
ment, suflicient not only for the increasing vegetable
food supply at the passing time, but for the ever-
increasing requirements of future generations,

"And further, so far from the closing of the Great
Eastern Railway Company's dep'St having Mended to
check the growth of market garden produce in the
Great Eastern district,' this meeting is distinctly of
opinion, from practical experience, that this branch of
industry has received a new impulse from the conse-
quent opening of Columbia Market for fruit and
vegetables, as well as for fish — farmers, market gar-
deners, and the trade generally, having been induced
by the encouragement afforded by this large outlet for
their produce to extend their operations. This year a
much larger acreage has been brought under market
garden cultivation, and we believe much larger sup-
plies will be brought into London from the Great
Eastern district during future years than has ever been
the case in any former times."

Mr. William Cocks, of Monk's Hall, Lincolnshire,
in moving the adoption of the committee's report,
said their own returns for this season's traffic of
produce shows a great improvement over the corre-
sponding period of iSSj. In his opindon this was
owing in a great measure to the entire body of sales-
men moving to Columbia Market, where the facilities
for the sale of market garden produce are far in
advance of those in Bishopsgate depot.

On the closing of the depot, he with the others was
allowed by the owners of Columbia Market to cany
on business there, and as far as his own personal
experience went he could prove that Columbia
Market is better for the sale of produce than Bishops-
gate depnt. In 1SS3 he consigned black Currants
to the depot, which realised \s, dJ. per half sieve.
He also consigned the same class of goods to Shcffielii
on the same day, which realised 3.^, 6</', per half

August i6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

199

sieve ; Ihis season, 1SS4, he consigned red Currants
to Columbia Market, which realised 4J. 67. per half
sieve, and Gooseberries 10s, to 12s, per cwt, ; and on
the same day he consigned to Shefiield market red
Currants which realised 31. 6./. per half sieve, and
Gooseberries 6s. to Sj'. per cwt., which will prove
that Columbia Market is equal to the best provincial
markets, enabling him to compete with the provinces
and to send the wholeuf his goods to London, which,
after two years' trial, he found could not be done at
Bishnpsgate depur.

Mr. William Taylor, farmer and Potato merchant,
W hiitlcsca, Cambridgeshire, seconded the motion, and
said that as a farmer of 1400 acres of land, most of it
in the Great Eastern district, he could speak from e\-
p^'iience. He believed it was wrong to say that the
closing of the depi'n would tend to check the growth
of market garden produce in the Great ICastern dis-
trict. He believed, as one who sends more Potatos
over the Great Eastern I\ailway than any other man
in London, he would never go back to the dcp^t
whiUt Columbia Market remained open, because
lie believed this to be the best market for all purposes.
He had grown this year 23 acres of Broad Beans, on
purpose for Columbia Market, and had already sold
there 8000 bags of green Peas — two things he
would never have thought of doing at the depot.
This year he had 600 .acres of Potatos growing, which
is an addition of 200 acres ; most of these Potatos
will be sold in Columbia Market at such prices as no
other market in London can compete with.

Mr. David Scott, of 94, Commercial Street, Spilal-
fields, said that the salesmen present knew that when
East London depended upon Spitalfields Market
alone, the market accommodation for East London
was insufficient, and the depot was wanted ; but now
that Columbia Market is opened and supplying the
required additional market accommodation, the depot
as a market is unnecessary. Any ordinary observer
cin see that three markets within a radius of half a
mile would be supertluous.

The report of the committee was unanimously
adopted.

Mr. F. Rippon, salesman, Columbia Market, then
moved : — " That in the opinion of this meeting of
growers and salesmen, the directors of the Great
Eastern Railway Company would promote the in-
terests of their shareholders, and confer a benefit upon
the dense population of East London, by construct-
ing a branch line from their railway into Columbia
Market— the only fully authorised market in East Lon-
don, superior in structure and position to the closed
depot, which is not suited for a public market."
Speaking from personal experience, and to a body
of men who well understand the facts, he estimated
that after the proposed railway had been constructed
two years, the fruit, vegetable, and root traffic pass-
ing over it, would not be less than 50,000 tons per
annum, worth, say, ^'20,000, added to which there
was, he believed, an existing traffic in 6sh from the
large fleet belonging to the proprietors of the Columbia
Alarket, which with other craft fishing in consort had
numbered as many as 240 steam and sailing vessels in
the present year, and producing freightage worth
about ;^Sooo per annum to the railway company.
To develope and secure this traffic it is necessary to
have first-class market accommodation, combined
with railway facilities for bringing the commodities,
without cartage, labour, or repeated handling, direct
to the purchaser in the market, which could only be
done in East London at Columbia Market ; for at
Spitalfields, even if the engineering difficulties could
be surmounted, it could not be expected that the
Great Eastern Railway Company would lay out capital
to get traffic already safely theirs, and which, from the
nature of the market itself — restricted as it recently
had been in its boundaries — declared on appeal to the
House of Lords to be entitled only to two days a
week— could not admit of a considerable extension of
accommodation.

The experiences of the depot have shown that a
string of massive, isolated dark arches, constructed by
railway ingenuity for railway purposes, and possibly
.admirably adapted for railway work, can never be
suitable for market purposes. Columbia Market,
which has been recently established by an Act of
Parliament, is not only fully authorised to hold a
market every day in the week, with powers to extend
the market area as the population increases, but it
was originally designed with a view to this combina-
tion, a railway connection having been originally
sanctioned by the Act of Parliament, Extract from

Ripcrt.

HYPERICUMS.

Hypericum is a large genus, numbering over
I "JO recognised species, and belonging to tropical as
well as to temperate climates, and including tall and
dwarf shrubs as well as trailing and upright growing
herbs; hence, it is difticuU to draw a line between
hardy and not hardy herb and shrub in this genus.
First about the name, of which more than one
absurd derivation has been given : it is a good Greek
word, found in the earliest Greek writers on plants,
and means "under Heath;" to what wild plants
it was applied by them, or why it was so called,
need not now be inquired ; but the " i " is a Greek
diphthong, and is long by nature. Fashion may
shorten it, as it often does the " i " in Krica (Heath),
but its nature will remain long for all that.

It is proposed to mention a few of the Hypericums
known in cultivation, and all of those I bhall mention
are cultivated in Ihc garden at Edge Hall, and the
remarks about them are the result of experience. I
will first mention the shrubs. There are several
varieties, growing from 2 feet to 5 feet high, and
bearing clusters of lluwers each about an inch across,
succeeded by ornamental dark brown round or oblong
berries ; the names of these arc confused, and they
seem lo me afier studying the living specimens at
Kew to run into one another. The uative Tutsan,
H. androscemum, is the lowest in growth, and
H. hircinum one of the tallest ; between these
I find the names elatum, glandulosum, and one
or two more, which I am unable definitely to
identify with any fixed characters. Then we have
three shrubs from Eastern Asia, all beautiful and
distinct as a class, but closely allied to one another ;
all are doubtfully hardy here, though they have now
lived through two winters without being cut down,
and form bushes about 4 feet high, and as much
through. Their names are H, oblongifolium, which
has the most upright growth and the largest flowers,
sometimes more than two inches across ; H. patulum,
and H. uralum, the smallest but also the hardiest.
The flowers of all these are of great substance, the
petals being very thick. They flower from July to
the end of autumn. They may be grown from
summer cuttings wintered in a cold frame, and flower
pretty well the first year, and even if the old plants
are killed every winter they will repay the trouble of
renewing. It is said by some that the patulum of
present cultivation is not the plant originally described
and figured by Thunberg under the name, but after
careful comparison I cannot see sufficient reason to
doubt it.

Next come three North American shrubs, allied to
one another, distinguished by their pale yellow
flowers and very long divergent filaments, which
project in a dense mass. Of these, H. aureum
has the largest flowers ; then come H. Kal-
mianum and H. prolificum, all these are quite
hardy, but seem liable to die from not having
their required conditions satisfied, and a
constant succession raised from cuttings is necessary,
at least in this garden, to keep up the stock. I may
lemark, however, once for all, that this rule applies to
all but the very commonest and hardiest of the
Hypericums. Omitting the native or naturalised
species I may mention the sub-shrubby H. olympicum
as one of the best of hardy July plants. It grows
about 2 feet high, and the large yellow flowers, as
wide as but slenderer than those of H. calyclnum, are
borne in profusion. At three, or at most four years
old the base of the stem becomes so thick and hard
that it will not break, and the plants must be renewed,
H. Burseri is not unlike the last in habit, but
smaller and earlier in flower, and a true herb ; in all
respects an inferior plant. This and neaily all the
Hypericums are easily reproduced by seed, which
they ripen in great abundance. I may here speak of
one, of which I have raised from seed and distributed
a large number, though I liave never before seen it in
cultivation — H. pyramidatum. I observed a label
bearing this name in the hardy garden at Kew last
week, but nothing to justify the name was near the
label, which was opposite to a large bush of the H.
hircinum class. H. pyramidatum is a tall herb, grow-
ing 4 or 5 feet high, with larger flower, than any
of the genu5 I have mentioned. It grows in
the Norihern States of North America, where it is
not common. My son brought me seeds two years
ago from Minnesota, gathered from the only plant he
found, and he described the habit : his description
corresponds with that given in Asa Gray's Matiual,

The seedlings at two years old have not yet flowered,
and I cannot say whether it wUl prove an acquisition.
Several dwarf species remain to be mentioned. A
glajjcous, low-growingherb, with inconspicuous umbels
of pale yellow flowers, raised from W. Thompson's
seed as H. ciliatum, I cannot distinguish from what I
had before as H. orientale. It may easily be dis-
pensed with in a small collection. Two very neat
little dwarf shrubs from the Levant — H. coris and H.
empetrifolium — are most desirable, but difficult to
cultivate, being only half-hardy here. Some of my
friends, especially in the South of England, tell me
these species live out in winter with them ; but even
if they do, they ought to be kept in a frame and
planted out. The creeping little H. nummularium I
find still more diflicult to keep than these, and lean
give no directions to ensure success, but it is too
pretty a plant to give up because it is difficult. One
of the latest additions to my collection, bought from
Fniebel as H. cuneatum, is a charming dwarf trailer,
with wire-like brittle stalks, and tiny leaves covered
with buds like scarlet-coral beads. I am told at
Kew that it is hardy there. The most minute bush I
have is H. legyptiacum : this is generally thought to
belong to the greenhouse, but I have now had it on
my rockery through two winters— very mild winters, it
is true.

It is not long since I wrote m praise of the
Himalayan H. reptans, so I will only say that I con-
tinue to think it the best of the species, and one of
the best of rock plants. I should never think of
passing a winter without a stock of it under glass, for
it has not yet been tested here in severe winters. It
must not be confused with II. repens, a Greek plant,
described by Sibthorp, and not, as far as I know, in
cultivation. These are only a few of the Hypericums
to be found described in Catalogues, but they include
all those, except the commonest, which I have in my
garden. C. VVoUeyDoii, Ed^c Hall^ Malpas^ Cheshire^
Au'just ir.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

{Continued from p. 167.)

South Australia and New Zealand.— Both
these Colonies are rather sparsely represented. The
former sends a number of volumes of books, including
Tree Culture in South Australia^ Forest Acts,
and copies of the Woods and Forest Reports, as
well as plates and portfolios of forest flora ; while New
Zealand contributes a collection of beautiful mounted
specimens of woods, many being of a desirable colour
and texture, but of which it would be difficult to
speak with any amount of certainty, the various
specimens being of rather minute dimensions.

Practical Forestry.— Some Parisian exhibits
by the Comte des Cars are well worthy of in-
spection by those engaged in practical forestry, and
pruning in particular. These illustrate the results of
the injudicious pruning of trees, in the shape of loose
knots, flaws and defects in the wood, &c., as con-
trasted with what is styled a " more rational system,"
viz., to keep, by pruning, the tree "in perfect
equilibrium " — a system which it is averred helps to-
wards the enlargement of the trunk, "the greatest
possible surface of leaves being managed in the smallest
space." Regarding the merits of this French system
we are not at present disposed to enter into a discus-
sion ; suffice it to say, that although the method is
sneered at by British foresters generally, the exhibit
must convey a great amount of sound, practical in-
struction to the unbiassed mind. Under the above
heading another exhibit well worthy of note is a
splendid section of Abies nobilis from Coltoquhey in
Perthshire, which, it is stated, was cut from a tree
that had recently been blown down. This fine speci-
men had attained the height of 55 feet (not an un-
common height for Abies nobilis in England), and was
S feet 2 inches in circumference. Judging from the
annual rings of timber this tree had formed it must
have grown very rapidly— ample proof that the soil and
situation in which it was p»lanted were in every way
conducive to its healthy development. To those in-
clined to study the "much vexed question" of the
Larch disease, ample opportunity is offered in exhibits
from the forests of Atholc and various other parts of
the country, where the Larchwood both in an un-
sound and healthy condition are shown. A root cut
of Larch, said to be one of the first introduced into
Scotland, by Mr. Menzies, of Culdares, may also lie
seen by the curious, as well as a young tree in a tub

200

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1884.

covered with the aphis, that well-known pest of Larch
plantations.

Transplanting Machines. — Several trans-
planting machines, both on the old and improved
styles, are shown. One with two wheels, similar
in all respects to the Janker now in general
use for transporting heavy timber, seems, from its
simplicity of construction, and the great lever-power
attainable, to be a machine well worthy the attention
of those engaged in transplanting. Another, with
four wheels, but of rather unwieldy construction, must
be of great value for town or park work, where, by
transplanting large trees, immediate effect is at once
obtained. Trees up to 10 tons in weight can, it is
said, be readily removed by this machine. The same
exhibitor, Mr. James Whitton, gardener, Coltness,
Wishaw — who, by-the-bye, seems to have devoted no
little time to improving the machines of his fellow-
craft— shows a very efficient as well as simple plan of
removing shrubs, whereby the ball is preserved intact
— a matter o( much importance in dry weather, and
where plants destitute of fibrous roots ars being trans-
ferred to a distance. Messrs. John Greig & Son,
engineers, Fountainbridge, Edinbugh, exhibit what
is, perhaps, the most handy and at the same time
efficient transplanter we have yet seen. The Syca-
more tree shown within its frame was lifted by the
machine out of Turner's nursery, and conveyed to its
present position, where ample opportunity is offered
for a thorough inspection of the simplicity and efficacy
of this valuable machine in transplanting as well as
transferring to a distance trees and shrubs of average
size.

The numerous collections of tools, many of im-
proved design, are well deserving of more than a
passing notice, and will, we hope, be fully dealt with
in an early number of this paper.

The Collection of Conifers in the grounds of
the Exhibition is a feature of great interest, giving in a
very limited space no bad general idea of the varied
beauty of form and tint to be found amongst Coni-
fers, even in the early stages of their growth. The
time of year at which the grounds were planted made
any large use of deciduous trees an impossibility ;
nor, as a general rule, does their distinctive beauty
show itself at so early a stage of growth. Many of the
Conifers are perfect miniature trees even at a few
inches high, and others vie in beauty, even at that
size, with greenhouse Selaginellas and Lycopodiums.
But tolimit an inspection of the Coniferstobeseen about
Edinburgh to this collection would be to carry away
a very imperfect idea of the vaiiely of choice kinds to
be found here ; and the extent to which their culture
is carried in some of the Edinburgh nurseries is in
itself a point of interest. The collection at Redbraes,
at Messrs. Methven's, and the Lawson Nurseries, are
well-known examples. This latter collection is one
of the best in Europe, not only from the quantity,
but from the choiceness of many of the kinds to be
found there, not least in interest being the first intro-
duced plants of Cupressus Lawsuniana (another plant
is, however, also grown in the I'.otanic Garden as the
"first raised plant" of it). The introduction of this
beautiful Conifer and its varieties has added so large
an amount of beauty to evergreen culture that its con-
nection both with the name and first introduction in
itself gives an interest to the Lawson Nursery. By
far the best specimen at the Exhibition of the Um-
brella Pine, Sciadopitys verticillata, is that in
Messrs. Veitch's collection. It is the finest in
Europe, but the slow growth of this Conifer
is remarkable. Its first introduction was in 1S55,
yet most specimens are of but small size ; and in
the section of the wood to be seen among the Japanese
exhibits, the annual rings are of extremely small size.
These specimens of the wood of Conifers in the
Japanese section of the Exhibition add much to the
interest of the plants themselves, and some of the
wood is of great beauty, especially that of Juniperus
chinensis. There is a specimen of Cryptomeria
japonica 4 or 5 feet across. The Ketinosporas
(classed in the Japanese collection of woods asThuias)
are well represented amongst the different collections
out-of-doors. Perhaps no classof Conifers show their
beauty of form and colouring at an earlier stage, nor
have greater variety in foliage and habit of growth.
Ketinospora obtusa gracilis, in Messrs. Methven's col-
lection, is good. A specimen of the well known K,
plumosa aurea, 8 or 9 feet high, in the Lawson collec-
tion, shows that, if one ol the commonest, it is also one

of the most effective kinds. In the same collection
R, filicoides and R. lycopodioides are very distinct,
as is also the pretty R. obtusa alba nivea, and even
when small plants of R. tetragona aurea and R. pisifera
argentea variegata are very effective. R. squarrosa
Veitchii resembles R. ericoides, but is more glaucous
and grows more freely.

The numerous varieties of Cupressus Lawsoniana
are largely exhibited, and many as are the forms even
amongst the unvariegated kinds it would not be
easy to find one not worth growing, varying as they
do in habit and in tints of green. One of the most
graceful of the forms of this Cupressus in the Lawson
collection is C. L. pyramidalis alba spica, and C. L.
ericoides, like a finely cut Selaginella, is equally good.
C. L. argenteo- variegata and C. L. aureo-variegata
are effective, but still more so is the bright golden
C. L. lutea, with suffused golden variegation. Beds
of this form in the Lawson Nursery show its effective-
ness for massing. C. L. argentea (grown in the
nursery, but I did not see it in the Exhibi-
tion) differs from the better know C. argentea
variegata in having a suffused variegation, which
though not very pronounced keeps true through the
whole year, and is sufficiently distinct to be worth
growing. Another very distinct form is C. L. filifera
curiously like Retinospora leptoclada. Cupressus
nutkaensis (Thuiopsis borealis) nana compacta, at the
nursery, is much better than the typical form as
represented at the Exhibition, Cupressus Corneyana
is very like a Dacrydium, as is also Frenela australis,
which is not hardy here. Dacrydium Franklinii is
however quite hardy ; its graceful drooping habit is
well seen in the Pinetum at the Botanic Garden,
where there are plants 7 to S feet high, and from 6 to
8 feet through. This Pinetum, where the soil is not a
suitable one, is a good though rather severe test of
hardiness as to some of the choicer kinds, whose
beauty in many cases shows far better in these larger
specimens than in the small plants to which nursery
collections are usually limited. Biota japonica
pendula, in the Lawson collection, is a graceful
plant, and Chamascyparis sphceroidea variegata, and
Juniperus virginiana alba spica are effective even
when very small. Amongst other Junipers J. virgini-
ana glauca is a good contrast in colour to J. japonica
aurea. The latter is quite distinct from the better
known and bright golden J. chinensis aurea. Of the
Japanese Juniper, there is a specimen in this collection
about 8 feet high, and another Japanese species, J.
Schottii, somewhat resembles it ; where miniature
Conifers are required, J, hibernica compacta is one
ol the smallest.

There is at the Lawson Nursery a specimen of the
golden Larch, Pseudo-Larix Ksempferi, about 7 feet
high, but its foliage is best seen in autumn. For
golden foliage in winter, Pinus sylvestris aurea promises
to be an effective form ; a small plant tried in
Ireland kept its bright golden colour all through
the winter. There is a silver variegated form of the
Scotch and of the Austrian Pine, which, if they
succeed well, will have a soft and pretty effect where
judiciously planted. Beautiful as the Cryptomerias
are, the typical form is better for outdoor planting
than the variegated one ; as even in the .South of
Ireland the variegation is apt to become brown in
winter without protection. Arthotaxus selaginoides
and A. cupressoides are well shown in Messrs. Little
& Ballantyne's collection. If hardy in the South,
they must be well worth growing, as they are very
distinct from most other Conifers.

Amongst other specimens of the graceful Abies
Albertiana are some in Messrs. Methven's collection,
raised from seed which ripened near Edinburgh. Its
beauty is far lietter seen in the larger specimens in the
Botanic Girdcn. For a heavy, damp soil, this is an
excellent tree. Abies Veitchii, from Japan, in Messrs.
Veitch's collection, has very silvery foliage ; and
another Japanese kind, .\. Alcoquiana, shows the
white lining of the leaves through the somewhat
yellow-gteen foliage, giving a beautiful sheen of silver
through the tree. Abies Webbiana, in the collection
from Messrs. Reid, a Himalayan species, has large
silver-lined leaves, and is very effective, but it is diffi-
cult to grow successfully. Abies concolor is a good
glaucous form, exhibited by Messrs. Ireland &
Thompson ; and Abies Pinsapo glaucais fairlyglaucous.
It, or the type, should be grown in every collection,
as the foliage is so distinct from other Conifers. But
for beauty of varied glaucous tints when seen in
bright sunshine, perhaps no Conifer surpasses the
glaucous form of Abies nobilis.

Many of the Conifers are almost equally well shown
by different exhibitors ; amongst others some of
the following : — Abies Pindrow, with large foliage ;
Picea orientalis, with peculiarly small compact leaves ;
P. Morinda, not rare, but very graceful ; P.^Pattoni,
with small short leaves ; P. Hookeriana, like Cedrus
Deodara, without its drooping habit ; P. acicularis,
with yellow-green foliage, slightly drooping in habit ;
as is also P. Tsuga Sieboldii ; Abies Nordmanniana,
with flat shining foliage ; A. lasiocarpa, with leaves
far apart ; A. Fraseri, with small foliage, and A,
magnifica. The pigmy Picea clanbrassiliana, and Pinus
Laricio pygmaea (which seldom exceeds 18 inches in
height), are good examples of miniature kinds. Of
different species and varieties of Pinus there are
many examples, but their distinctive characters are less
striking in so small a stage of growth than are those
of many of the other Conifers, The best specimen of
the variegated Wellingtonia gigantea is one from
Messrs. Hartland, of Cork. The Redwood, Sequoia
sempervirens, is not well represented amongst
the out-of-door collections (there is a small specimen
of S. s. glauca in the Lawson collection), but there
are magnificent specimens of the wood in the Ex-
hibition.

PLAGIANTHUS LAMPENII.

We received this lately from Mr. Smith, of Newry,
under the name of P, Dampieri, and with the follow-
ing excellent recommendation: — "A perfectly hardy
shrub against a wall, a prodigious bloomer, with
sweet-smelling flowers, and much superior to P. pul-
chellus," flowers of which were sent for comparison.
Not recognising the plant, and being unable to find
the name P. Dampieri in books of reference, we
endeavoured to ascertain the history of the plant, with
the following results : —

P. Lampenii was originally described by our late
modest and accomplished friend, so long connected
with the Royal Horticultural Society, Mr. W. B.
Booth. The name and description were taken up by
Dr. Lindley in the Botanical Register, vol. xxiv.,
p. 22, 183S, where a full description, without a figure,
was given. Although we have not been able to find
an authentic specimen of P. Lampenii for direct com-
parison, we have no doubt that this is the same plant
as Mr. Smith's. It is a native of Tasmania, and
was referred by Sir Joseph Hooker in the
Fhra of Tasmania (iS6o), and later by Mr. Bentham,
in the Flora of Australia, to P. sidoides. We have,
however, little doubt that neither of these botanists
had theopportunity of comparing authentic specimens,
but relied on description only. At any rate, it is
quite clear that our present plant has nothing to do
with P. sidoides, but is much more nearly allied to P.
pulchellus. Indeed, by Dr. Asa Gray our plant, or
what we believe to be the same, is referred to as P.
pulchellus var. 3 tomentosa, which Hooker, in the
Flora of Tasmania, Fays that he was for some time
inclined to retain as a distinct species, but after a very
careful comparison of many specimens, was obliged
to reduce it. From a botanical point of view this is
probably ihe correct course, but as the plant is so
very distinct for garden purposes, we have not hesi-
lated here to consider it as distinct, and to restore
Booth's original name. Booth tells us that it was
raised from seed sent from Van Diemcn's Land
(Tasmania) by the Rev. Robert Lampen, of Probus,
near Truro. The general character of this attractive
hardy or half-hardy shrub is sufficiently indicated in
our illustration {fig. 39). Tasmanian specimens
from Archer and Gunn seem exactly to corre-
spond with Mr. Smith's plants, and in Tasmania
it is said to grow in rich alluvial soil by the
banks of rivers, and to become somewhat un-
sightly by the loss of its lower leaves. Full
description and synonymy will be found in the
works cited. If our identification be correct, the fol-
lowing note* will give the synonymy of this species.
M. T. M.

Olearia IIaastii. — As seen just now in the
Royal Horticultural Society's gardens at Chiswick,
this is one of the most beautiful of our compact-grow-
ing flowering hardy shrubs. Inhabit it resembles a
dwarf Box bush, and the different specimens arc
covered with white Hawthorn-scented flowers. A
figure was given in our volume for 1S72, p. 1195.

" pLAr.rANTHUs ■LAMl'l^N^. Booih, in Lindley, Bot. Rfg.
(e8i8). p. 22 ; Masters, ut supra.

P. /•uic/uiius, A. Gr.iy. Hot U. S. E.vfil. Exped., i., p. 181,
var. 3, tomentosa; Hook.fi'., in F-on of Tasmania ^ vol. i.,p.4g
(i860); Sida tasmnnica, Huok. f., in Hook, yourn. Bot., ii.,
p. 412.

P. siiiptdes. Hook, fil., in Hook. Journ. Bot.^ ii,, p. 464;
Bot. Mng., i., p. »75, et in Flora of Tasmania, he. cit. ;
Benlham, Flora of Austi-alia, i., p.i 88 (1863).

I

August i6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

201

PLANTING OF TREES AND
SHRUBS.

It would be well if the necessary preparation of the
land, such as fencing-in, draining, trenching, &c.,
which must precede the planting of either fruit or
forest trees and shrubs, were performed at an earlier
period than is generally the case, or at all events that

early autumn Is by far the best time to transplant
trees and shrubs, of whatever kind they may be, as,
however carefully and skilfully the operation of trans-
planting may be performed, a certain amount of root
mutilation must necessarily take place. But if it is
done during early autumn, while the soil still retains
a considerable portion of the warmth imparted to it
by the summer sun, the process of reparation will

Fig. 39.— plagianthus lampenii ; flowers greenish-white, fragrant : hair from

STEM and pollen MAGNIFIED. (SEE P. 200.)

it should be completed in time to allow the operation
of planting being performed at the most suitable
season of the year, viz., early autumn. The advan-
tages of transplanting at this period are manifold, and
universally admitted ; but from various causes it fre-
quently happens that the completion of the necessary
preparation of the soil is delayed until it is found
necessary to perform the operation of planting as
late as mid-winter, when the condition of the
weather will permit this to be done, or to defer the
same until the spring, which is greatly to be preferred
to winter planting. There is, however, no doubt that

commence forthwith, and before the winter sets in
the plants will have become established in their new
position, and will be as able to resist the rigours of a
severe winter, or the bitterly piercing winds of March,
as plants which have not been moved. The case,
however, is very different where the planting has been
delayed until winter, when the temperature of the soil
is at the lowest, and when anything like reparation of
injury to the roots cannot be expected to make much,
if any, progress, and the plants consequently become
an easy prey to the cutting winds of the approaching
month of March.

In most cases where the land cannot be got ready
to admit of autumn planting, it is advisable to delay
the operation until the month of April, when the sap
will have commenced to move and the feeding roots
have become active ; injury to the roots (if not too
severe) will then speedily be recovered from, and if
the season prove favourable the operation of planting
will be in all respects a success ; indeed many success-
ful planters are inclined to give preference to this
month for the transplanting of evergreens especially ;
but when very dry weather sets in, repeated waterings
and mulchings are absolutely necessary for such
recently planted trees.

In the case of plantations of deciduous or forest
trees of considerable extent, where the attention of
watering would be unlikely to be attended to, it is
advisable to avoid late spring as well as mid-winter
planting, and to defer it until the early part of
the following autumn ; and by doing this the progress
of the plantation would be by no means retarded,
while the land intended to be planted need not be
unoccupied, but might during the summer months be
made to produce a remunerative crop of Potatos,
Carrots, or Onions, and this would leave the land in
admirable condition for receiving the trees at as early
a period as might be desired during the following
autumn.

During the winter of 1882 — 83 I witnessed an in-
stance of the evil of late planting in the grounds
attached to a recently erected building, which could
not be got into condition to admit of tree planting
until after the middle of the month of February had
passed. The situation was much exposed to the
winds from all quarters, and the various species of
trees with which the grounds were to be planted had
to be removed from sheltered situations, where they
had been planted for several years. They consisted
of Wellingtonias, some 5 feet high, and various other
species of Coniferous trees, together with the usual
kinds of evergreen and deciduous shrubs, mostly of
considerable dimensions. I expressed apprehensions
as to what might be the effect of unfavourable weather
during the approaching month of March, and suggested
deferring the transplanting until the month of April ;
or, better still, until the early part of the succeeding
autumn. An immediate effect was, however, desired,
and the plants were, with every possible care, planted
forthwith, and carefully staked, &c., where necessary,
and this was barely accomplished when winter set in
in earnest, as it will of course be remembered that
the only winterly weather experienced during 18S2 —
83, was during the month of March, and the conse-
quence to the trees and shrubs in question was just
what might have been expected : they nearly all
perished, and had to be replaced by others during the
early part of last autumn, and which at present have
every appearance of doing well, although one can
hardly help regretting the loss of so many plants,
which would doubtless have succeeded had a more
favourable season been selected for transplanting.

Not only are trees and shrubs often planted at
the wrong season, but they are also frequently
planted in other respects injudiciously. In all
cases where the condition of the land about to be
planted renders,' draining necessary, the drains (if a
proper outlet can be secured) should, as a rule, be
made deeper than is generally done in the case of
land used for ordinary agricultural purposes, and the
trees should never be planted immediately over the
drains, nor yet, so far as it can be avoided, should
they be planted in very close proximity to them on ac-
count of the tendency of the roots to find their way into
the drains and by choking them up in time render them
inoperative.

The not unusual advice given to planters, to
plant thickly, and to thin out in time, is hardly
explicit enough, for unless something like discrimi-
nation is exercised in the planting the thinning out
is rendered very difficult, and it will frequently be
found to necessitate the sacrifice of plants, which
it would be desirable to retain, if they were not
in too close proximity to other valuable plants,
and this being the case it is necessary to either
sacrifice one of them, or to spoil both. To obviate
this inconvenience it is always advisable, whether the
materials be forest trees or ornamental shrubs, to
plant first those plants which may be expected to
ultimately form the plantation at such distances apart
as will permit the full development of each plant, and
when this has been done with a view to immediate
effect, as well as to afford shelter and encourage
the growth of the more valuable specimens, fill up

202

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 18S4.

with the more commonplace species, which may be
gradually cleared away as additional space is required
by ihe more choice varieties of trees and shrubs, so
that the process of thinning out will thus be rendered
easy and satisfactory,

A fine well formed tree is an object from which few
observers can withhold their admiration, but when
this occupies an objectionable situation that circum-
stance detracts greatly from the pleasure which
would otherwise be experienced in looking upon it.
This, however, is frequently found to be the case,
more particularly in towns and in the surroundings of
villa residences, where the most incongruous arrange-
ments as regards trees and shrubs are frequently
found to exist, and I have seen in verysmali enclosures,
or even in front gardens of very limited extent, such
species as the Spruce Fir, the Scotch Fir, the
Austrian Pine, and even the Wellingtonia, or "the
big tree " of California, planted in very close
proximity to the windows and doors of dwelling-
houses ; while as a rule trees of considerable altitude
should never be planted very near to buildings of any
kind, but particularly to dwelling-houses, as they in
the course of time dwarf, as it were, or detract from
the imposing appearance of such buildings, and are
during the not infrequent violent gales which are
experienced objects of very considerable danger, as
fatal accidents have on several occasions occurred
from the falling of such trees ; there are, however,
various trees and shrubs of more or less dwarf habit
of growth which are suitable for planting near to
buildings when this is desired.

The weather during last autumn and present winter
was exceptionally favourable for the conducting
of all operations connected with tree planting. In
this part of the country at least the soil cannot be
said to have been even once frost-bound, and where
planting was performed before Christmas the weather
has been such as to allow the plants to have become
somewhat established in the soil, and all that was
necessary was to carefully examine, and if they were
found *' wind-waved " or at all loose in the soil, to
tread the same firmly to them, and to stake them
where found necessary, so as to enable them to with-
stand the keen cutting winds of the month of March,
which is, of all the months of the year, the most try-
ing for newly planted trees and shrubs, as well as
being possibly the worst month of the year in which
to transplant them. P. Grieve^ Bury S/, Edmunds^

BEGONIAS AT SWANLEY.

TliF-REare few, if any, plants ever taken in hand that
hava more readily conformed to the manipulations of
the hybridiser than have the present race of single
and double tuberous Begonias, now so much in demand
for greenhouse decoration. Within the last two or three
years much has been done to correct the somewhat
loose habit of growth that marked the early raised
varieties ; compact growers like B, Davisii and B,
Fearcei have made theit mark on the jvarieties which
owe more or less of their parentage to these kinds.
The double flowered sorts that have recently come
into existence exhibit extraordinary development in the
size and structure of their flowers, some being almost
as big as moderate-sized Pxonies, which they resemble
in their confused centres, others again with prominent
guard petals have the centre of the flower made up of
a series of petals as even almost as those of a well
formed cup-petalled Rose. But like many other
plants that have been produced quickly such a
number of varieties have cumc into existence that
they are perplexing, as, in addition to those that have
been raised in this country, many have made their
appearance from the Continent, where such raisers as
Benary, Crousse, and Lemoinc have produced some
splendid sorts. The following are a few of the best
and most distinct new and old varieties from amongst
the thousands of plants that till several of the long
houses devoted to them at Swanley.

Double kinds : — Ruhm von Erfurt, a beautifully
symmetrical flower of medium size, an indescribable
glowing scarlet, the finest of all the double scarlets ;
Felix Crousse, red, a very fine sort ; Blanche Duval,
creamy-white, tinted with pink ; Rosamondc, a beau*
tiful shade of pink, flowers very full ; Baslein Lepage,
bright salmon, very full flowc-r ; Monsieur Duvivier,
light vivid crimson ; Jean Soupert, salmon, shaded
with Indian yellow ; Madame Comesse, rosy-salmon,
a full-sized flower ; Monsieur Bauer, orange, shaded
scarlet, large and double ; Mirie LeT.oine, flowers

deep salmon, beautiful habit of growth ; Eclat, a
double form of B. Davisii, a profuse bloomer, flowers
orange-scarlet, medium-sized ; Lucie Lemoine, pure
white, a lovely sort with erect flowers ; Comtesse
H. de Choiseul, light salmon, shaded with red, dwarf,
and a free bloomer ; Gloirede Nancy, crimson-scarlet,
flowers large ; Mrs. Laing, cream, shaded with blush,
centre yellow and blush, a fine sort ; Madame Cas-
taignez, a deep glowing pink, one of the best ;
President Burelle, rich scarlet, beautiful habit ;
Esther, deep crimson ; Sulphurea, shaded sulphur, a
beautiful distinct sort ; Agnes Sorel, light blush, with
deeper coloured centre.

Single sorts :— King of Kings, an excellent compact
habited sort, with beautiful shaped large flowers, one
of the highest coloured varieties that has appeared ;
it is an intense deep crimson, darker and brighter than
the zonal Pelargonium, Henry Jacoby ; Total
Eclipse, a seedling of Mr. Cannell's, a fine bold
flower, very free bloomer, and one of the most vivid
coloured varieties that has ever appeared, crimson ;
Rosea magnifica, rosy-pink, a fine flower, with broad
petals, a profuse bloomer, of compact habit ; Mr.
Midson, large and free, of excellent habit, crimson-
scarlet ; Viana, an immense flower, of fine shape,
colour bright red, a free bloomer, stout and
compact in growth. Mr. Aird, deep glowing
crimson, a large bold flower ; City of London,
an immense flower, colour crimson with a shade
of violet. I measured a flower of this that was
fully 6 inches across. Another not yet named,
and one of the finest, has very large circular
flowers, with broad petals of great substance,
intense glowing scarlet, identical in colour with the
double variety Ruhm von Erfurt ; Hon. Mrs. Brassey,
glowing crimson ; Mademoiselle Pessoneau, silvery-
white, changing to blush ; Wonder, buff, base of
petals orange ; Rosea superba, beautiful rose colour
—one of the best of its colour ; Royal Standard, dark
crimson, compact habit, profuse bloomer ; Miss
Briscoe, pale salmon, white centre ; Reve d'Or, a
beautiful yellow, excellent habit of growth ; Alba
floribunda, pure white ; Countess of Kingston, intense
crimson — a large sized compact flower ; General
Roberts, deep crimson, free and fine in shape ; Annie
Laing, rosy-pink — the best of its colour j Salmonea
magna, bright salmon — a large-flowered free-blooming
sort. These, some of which are quite new, may be
relied on as a good representative selection.

Variegated leaved. — When Begonia Rex first made
its appearance there were comparatively few fine-
leaved plants in cultivation, and it made quite a sen-
sation, the peculiar silvery sheen of its leaves being
much admired. This class of Begonias are not only
handsome but they are exceedingly useful for decora-
tive purposes, as they can be stood in rooms or shady
places where things ol a less accommodating character
would not succeed, but, nevertheless, this section of
the family has of late years been neglected, and many
who still grow them confine themselves to the old
varieties, many of which have too much sameness
about them, and for general effect are much inferior
to the newer kinds. Mr. Cannell has made a speci-
ality of them, and has got a number together remark-
able for the distinct and beautiful markings of their
leaves which in every way are deserving of cultivation,
especially where there is a Fern-house, amongst the
occupants of which they have a charming effect. The
undermentioned are most distinct and quite out of the
ordinary run of the older sorts :— Monsieur Craevelle,
dark centre and marginal band round the outer edges
of the leaves, which are of a medium size, broad
silvery marbled zone. Theodora, very large leaves,
with deep olive centre surrounded by a broad
silvery zone, margin dark ; the surface of the leaf is
thickly studded with reddish-crimson hairs, giving it
a pretty appearance. Louise Chretien, black-green
centre with vivid bright green zone, shaded with
silvery-white, outer margin reddish-brown. Made-
moiselle Emma, feathered centre, nearly black-grccn
in colour, zone bright green shaded with white,
margin as dark as the centre. Lerme, dark bronze
feathered centre, shining steel coloured broad zone,
olive-green margin mottled with white. Benhe
Prouticre, centre deeply marbled, remainder of the
surface palest green shaded and marbled with
metallic white. Navala, deepest olive-green,
feathered centre, the broad irregular zone
covered with a mixture of vivid light green
and while, margin bronzy-green. La Perle de Paris,
the whole leaf blade silver, shaded with crimson ;
nerves reddish-crimson. President BijI'e, centre

blackish-brown, intense green zone, irregularly
silvered, margin green. Andalusie, centre very
dark, pale zone marbled and mottled with white,
outer edge reddish-brown, Madame Bonnell, deep
green nerves running from centre to margin, the
intervening spaces spotted and mottled with white.
Duchess, most of the surface metallic, shaded white,
margin deep green. Adrien Robine, large leaves,
very distinct in appearance, the whole surface of crim-
son shade freckled with white, outer margin thickly
spotted. Fire King, leaves reddish-brown, shaded
with crimson, the entire surface profusely studded
with crimson hair-like glands ; a fine sort. This
section of Begonias is dilificult to describe, but the
above are distinct and handsome varieties, differ-
ing much from the usual sorts met with. All have
large and medium-sized leaves. T. B.

n%n^,

Rose Realities. — Never has the saying, " Never
prophesy until you are sure, " been better illus-
trated than in the character of the Rose season of
this year, which may now be said to be finished,
for although we shall look forward to seeing many
a fine bloom, especially amongst the Teas, yet the
grand rush, the great plethora of bloom, is over.
I speak not merely of the exhibition Roses, but of all
the various species and varieties which are used to
decorate our gardens ; most of these are essentially
summer Roses, and although a great deal of fuss is
made about the season for exhibition Roses, and we
are often reminded what grand posies of the flowers
our forefathers used to have, I think that it may be
recognised as a fact that the best and most lasting
decorativt Roses are to be found amongst exhibition
kinds, that the Roses of our gardens used to flower in
June, and then not a Rose was to seen. We have
now no ** last Rose of summer," our hybrid per-
petuals and Teas bloom on until late in autumn, and
it is no unusual thing to gather a Rose of good quality
in November.

But I must return from this digression. I wrote
early in June that there was every prospect of a good
season, and such was the general opinion. I did ven-
ture to put in a saving clause, to the effect that every-
thing depended on the weather of the next two or
three weeks, and added in a postscript that already a
change for the worse had taken place, and that
various plagues had attacked the plants. Those two
or three weeks did all the mischief, and instead of an
exceptionally good season, we have had, if not a bad
one, certainly not a good one. In the month of June
we had, when the buds were about half formed and
the colour begun to show in them, a period of cold
weather, the thermometer frequently not rising above
52" in the shade, and falling as low as 43° at night.
This at 4 feet from the ground, and in the South of
England, implies a much lower degree on the grass,
and especially in the midland and northern districts,
where we heard even of frosts at that period. The
buds remained absolutely without change ; there was
no rain to induce them to swell, and there were cold
winds from the east and north-east, which had a very
chilling effect upon them. Then came that sudden
burst of hot weather in the beginning of July, when
the thermometer rose into the So's, and still without
rain in many parts, although others were more
favoured. The result was that the Roses were literally
forced into bloom, and consequently were deficient
in both size and substance. They soon gave in in
the exhibition tent, and after a couple of hours' expo-
sure in the stifling heat to which they were exposed
in the tent, with the thermometer outside at 80°. I
may mention as a proof of the inferiority of blooms
at some of our earlier shows, that in judging two
boxes of nearly equal merit, and going through them
by points, allowing three for a really good Rose, in
the two boxes there was hardly one that gained the
three points, and that the collective number did not
reach, in any case, the number of Roses exhibited.
That is not one-third of what they might have done.
When the rains came the Roses improved, although
I do not think that all through the season they were
equal to those exhibited last year. There was one
class of exhibitors on whom this told severely —
amateurs who grow a few hundred plants, and are as
eager for the fray, perhaps more so, than many who,
possessed of ample means and large collections, do

August \6, 18S4 ]

TUB

GARDENERS'

CHRONICLE.

203

not bestow upon them that personal care which makes
every Rose bush a friend. They watch with earnest-
ness their three or four dozen blooms, from which
they hope to cut their dozen or more blooms as the
exhibition day comes. Such weather as that completely
destroys their hopes, their blooms are either shrivelled
with the heat or are so thin that they begin to show
their eye and stare the judges in the face, much to
the discomfiture of their owners, and hence an un-
usual number of entries fell through at most of the
earlier exhibitions. Another effect of it was that it
interfered with the position of many growers. Thus
the holder of the Amateur Challenge Trophy last
year was nowhere this season — his soil is light and
his position a warm and sunny one — the reverse of
what was wanted this year. Happy were they who
had a good Rose soil and a cool piece of ground on
which to grow their Roses, for while even they com-
plained of the dryness of the season they had an
immense advantage over those in localities where the
soil was lighter and the situation more exposed.

That there has been no diminution in the interest
attaching to this flower the increased number of exhi-
bitions testify sufficiently, at all of which numbers of
amateur Rose growers in esse and in posse are to be
seen eagerly scanning the boxes, and taking notes of
the flowers, and who are continually asking the ques-
tion— Which is the best new Rose ? But the remark-
able fact comes to the front, about which it is difficult
to find any explanation, that every season one or two
particular Roses stand forth as everywhere good.
The dryness of the season has been peculiarly favour-
able to light-coloured Roses, and not so to the dark-
coloured sorts. Charles Lefebvre has been but
indifferently shown, so have indeed A. K, Williams
and Marie Baumann, except in a few instances.
Mr. Hall showed a magnificent bloom of A. K.
Williams at Manchester, in size and substance
everything that could have been desired, but unfor-
tunately a little gone in colour, but with the same
variety he took the prize for the premier bloom in the
show at Sheftield, while the Marie Baumann of Messrs.
Mack at Darlington left nothing to be desired, but
the very fact that these remain in one's memory
shows that they were exceptional, but it would be
difficult to pitch upon any particular bloom, lor
example, of Merveille de Lyon or Madame Lacharme,
exhibited this year, for they were so uniformly good.
Then again such Roses as Mons. Noman and others
of the Victor \*erdier type, evidently delighted in the
bright, clear weather ; but unless by shading it was
quite impossible to preserve such flowers as Abel
Carricre, Prince Camille de Rohan, Louis van
Houtte, Reynolds Hole, &c. It was singular to
notice, too, how fine some old Roses that we had
almost forgotten came to the front ; for example, that
fine old Rose, Madame Charles Crapelet, so like
Bfauly of Waltham, was exhibited in a great many
instances in fine form ; then who can readily forget
the blooms of the old General (Jacqueminot), exhibited
by Messrs. Curlis & Sandford at South Kensington,
so glowing in colour, so fine in texture, and perfect
in shape.

But one of the most remarkable evidences of this
was that of that old and favourite Tea Rose, Jean
Ducher ; no matter where it was exhibited — north,
south, east, or west — it was in good form, and that in
in a season when Tea Roses were certainly not up to
their. average merit : the cold weather which had so
affected the hybrid perpetuals affected them, the ex-
ception being those of Mr. Prince, of Oxford, who
showed in fine style ; but even he said that they were
not equal to his usual standard. Can any one for-
get, however, the superb stands of that most lovely of
all Tea Roses which he showed at South Kensington
and Salisbury — Comtesse de Nadaillac, a Rose whose
marvellous mixture of colour defies all description,
but whose refined beauty is of the very first character ?
But as I have said, Jean Ducher, by whomsoever and
from whatever place shown, was the Tea Rose of the
year : why it should have been so, who can tell ?

There was probably no Rose which excited so much
admiration amongst the ladies as the very pretty
American Rose, William Allen Richardson. Mr.
House, of Peterborough, exhibited trusses of it
everywhere, and everywhere there were to be found
admiring crowds around it ; at Liverpool I saw bar-
risters in wig and gown, and fair ladies standing
round them. It is a peculiar coloured Rose, somewhat
in the style of Ma Capucine, a bright orange flower,
not perhaps so brilliant as that flower, but having the
advantage of being a robust grower, while that is not ;

it is not an exhibition Rose, but as a buttonhole
flower is most desirable. Garden Roses were not
much seen, and an attempt to get a collection of Moss
Roses at Darlington proved a failure ; but let us hope
that more will be done next season — the National Rose
Society will then have published its catalogue of
garden Roses, and I cannot but hope that next year
it will introduce into its schedule a class for them,
the Roses to be selected from those in the society's
catalogue. Rosa rugosa has been shown, and has
been much admired, but we hope for more increased
attention to this class. I may in a future paper give
some short notes of some of the newer Roses. Wild
Rose.

Rose Bengale, Ducher. — A Rose raised by M.
Ducher, and having much of the appearance of a
Tea. The flowers are full, well-formed, solitary or in
trusses, described as pure white, but the coloured
plate shows the outer petals white, the central ones
pale sulphur-yellow, and the outer surface of the
petals, while in the bud state, pale pink. In the
Jottrnal des Roses it is said to be the only while
Bengal Rose of really vigorous habit.

Rose, Madame Prosper Laugier.— A seedling
raised by M. Eugene Verdier and largely cultivated at
Brie by the market Rose growers on account of its
beautiful buds. The flowers are full, large, with
rosy-coloured petals, reflexed at the edges.

HOW TO GROW NARCISSI.

When these charming spring flowers had on their
gayest dress much was said and written about them —
sure evidence of their universal popularity ; but I
have looked in vain for some timely hints concerning
them in the last few issues of the gardening periodicals,
although it would be difficult to estimate the result of
a few practical hints at the present time. Generally
they are planted much too late in the season. I have
known of hundreds of instances in the last two seasons
of this mistake being made, in many cases most likely
through an insufficient amount of forethought in
reserving proper quarters for them ; but I have no
doubt in the majority of cases a certain amount
of ignorance as to the right culture of Daffo-
dils, coupled perhaps with indifference, led to their
being kept out of the ground till October and No-
vember. Now nothing is so prejudicial to the first
year's blooming as late planting ; they should all be
in the soil at latest by the end of August, the earlier
in the month the better ; this opinion is shared and
practically acted upon by those best acquainted with
their real requirements. Mr. Burbidge is always
urging early planting ; indeed, if practicable, I
believe he gets his bulbs in during July. There is a
great advantage in this, for they start rooting at once,
and quite establish themselves before winter sets in.
If you examine bulbs which have not been disturbed
you will find new roots are already emitted in
abundance from the base of the bulbs, from which
any one willing may learn a lesson as to planting.

Narcissi should remain undisturbed for at least four
seasons, when they should be lifted, divided, and
replanted ; every year they should receive an autumnal
top-dressing of good, well-bodied manure. A gar-
dener the other day was planting some excellent
varieties in a starved soil without a particle of manure ;
but its value was suggested, and exercising common
sense all the bulbs were lifted and replanted with a
liberal supply of manure. The top-dressing of bulbs
already established may be effected at any time now ;
the following plan is adopted with success. The
surface soil is carefully removed down to the bulbs
without disturbing them, and a good layer of manure
should then be placed about them, and the soil put
back in its old position. Of course, it is difficult to
practise this method where no recognised system of
planting has been carried out, but I would strongly
urge upon all attempting Daffodil culture to plant and
label systematically, so as to better appreciate the
different varieties. In private gardens, I think they
are best planted in clumps ; in trade establishments,
in lines.

Generally, Daffodils enjoy a rich, well-bodied, well-
drained, deep loam ; of course there are a few excep-
tions, but all those favourite varieties, such as maxi-
mus, Horsefieldi, all the forms of bicolor indeed, all
the trumpets. Peerless, and Poet's varieties— thrive
best in situations where these conditions exist. Such
soil liberally assisted with manure will produce good

bulbs, and consequently excellent flo'.\cr development.
During the last week or so I have planted several
kinds in a special bed. The soil was dug from 15 to
18 inches deep, all the manure was placed beneath
the bulbs, with but a slight sprinkling of soil over it,
and the bulbs were arranged 5 or 6 inches beneath
the surface. I quite think, as a rule, bulbs are
planted much too shallow; the lale Mr. Ilarpur-
Crewe, one of the most eminent bulb growers, was a
great advocate of deep planting, many of his clumps
being 10 or 12 inches deep, and yet in the finest
condition. The Corbularia section enjoy a rich
sandy loam, with thorough drainage ; also N.
triandrus, calathinus, tenuior, and Macleai ; under
such conditions they thrive fairly well. The charming
white and sulphur forms of Bulbocodium require a
sunny position, when a thorough ripening of the bulbs
will be ensured. After the foliage is withering, the
clumps should be covered with a hand-light cover, to
prevent the ground which they occupy becoming wet
with rain: this will materially assist to ripen them.

Daffodils for Greenhouses. — There is a great
future before these for conservatory and cool-house
decoration ; there is no reason why they should not
be enjoyed from Christmas, or shortly after, until
they come into bloom naturally outside, if successive
batches are arranged for. Some should be potted up
at once, say four or five bulbs in a 6 or 7-inch pot of
rich soil, which should be plunged in ashes in a cold
frame, when they will root Ireely, and when the roots
are well drawn they may be stimulated with gentle
heat ; never subject them to strong heat, or the result
will not be so desirable. They will gradually come
into bloom, and last a long time in a cool temperature,
I have repeatedly found the following excellent
varieties for this purpose, viz., bicolor, Horsefieldi,
Empress, Emperor, moschatus, Pseudo-Narcissus flore-
pleno, minor, rugilobus, maximus, incomparabilis
vars., especially "Butter and Eggs " and " Codlins
and Cream " — the latter is especially beautiful under
glass ; tenuior, all the Tazetta or Polyanthus vars.,
poeticus ornatus, and the double variety, but the
latter is best not forced till the end of February or
March. Undoubtedly this list might be greatly
extended, but those enumerated constitute a very
beautiful series. Bulbophile.

THE STARLING AND ITS
SERVICES.

Just at the same time as your notices about the
damage to Oak forests in Belgium by Tortrix viridana
appeared, the following observations of Mr. Holten,
Maarum, were published in a Copenhagen daily
paper. Thinking them of some interest to your
readers, I translate and send them to you : —

" As is well known, the starling in the last years
has almost become a domestic animal by the now
common practice of giving it boxes for hatching ;
indeed, so common is it, that there is hardly to be
found a farm or cottage without several starling-boxes
with their inhabitants. The result is, the starling is far
more common now than formerly, and that it pays well
for the little care bestowed on it will be seen from the
following observations. When the young ones have
left the boxes they gather together in a garden, a
hedge, or a simitar place, from which they are prac-
tising flying, whilst the old ones are busy catching
insects, which during much noise and crying are put
in their open mouths. As soon as the young ones are
apt flyers and not in want of being fed, the whole
company disappears somewhat suddenly. Before the
autumn, when they return for a short inspection of
their nests, there is hardly a starling to be seen.

This year the starlings assembled in great numbers
in my garden, as they usually do, and stopped
there for about a week after leaving their nests ;
after that time they left altogether, and not a single
one was to be seen. Passing through an Oak
plantation in Harrager Heyn, which was quite
deprived of its leaves by a small green larva
(Tortrix viridana), I found my friends at work.
Here they were in thousands, and very busy devouring
the caterpillars, which, however, did not occupy
them long, as they were found some days afterwards
at the same job in an Oak plantation in Valdby
Heyn, a couple of miles westward. It seems that
this plentiful and good food supply had caused them
stop in these forests at a time when they generally
tleave this country. Probably they have destroyed all
the caterpillars, and thereby prevented a renewed

204

7HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1884.

attack next year, and this being so they have paid
a good rent for their boxes."

So far Mr. Holten and his story need no comment,
or the starling any recommendation. I use the
opportunity for drawing your attention to the weevil
(Curculio) genus, several species of which have been
very destructive and annoying here this year, one on
Strawberries in pots, one on Roses, another on Peas,
and lastly, one on my Pinks. Their natural history,
especially if there is any preventive, would be of
much interest to me, and very likely more readers.
M. P. Andcrsm, Head Gardener, IVrams, Gunners-
torp, Sweden, July 24.

NOTES FROM NEW ZEALAND.

(Coucluded from p. 173).

In regard to public gardens, a certain amount of
latitude must be allowed for the want of support and
encouragement from the Government ; but apart from
this, the gentlemen who have been placed in charge
of these gardens, which may be called Government
gardens, occasionally display an incredible amount of
apathy, and want of knowledge as to the true purposes
for which botanical gardens are, or ought to be, estab-
lished. In horticultural matters this country suffers in
the same respect, and from the same causes as political
affairs. Whilst I am penning these words we as a
nation, colony or people, are undergoing a remark-
able political crisis, and one upon which hangs the
whole future of this colony. The politics of this
country are easily understood, for if you can imagine
two large islands nearly equal in size, and these two
islands separated by natural barriers into welbdefined
districts, each with their harbours, railways, and
other works, and each endeavourin/; through their
representatives in Parliament to obtain the best, and
even all of everything, you have a correct conception
of the great difficulty experienced by a Ministry
determined to please all parties. In consequence of
the political and geographical nature of the colony,
we have no leading town in New Zealand as in other
colonies, for Auckland and Wellington in the North
Island vie with each other, and with Christchurch
and Dunedin in the Middle Island. From the same
cause we have no public garden worthy of a name.
Each town claims its share of the money voted for
such purposes, whereas the sum combined would
form an establishment suitable for all the country ;
but divided amongst the jealous provincialists it
is worse than useless, and disgraces the very name
of gardening. As an example of what is called
a botanical garden out here, I will briefly allude
to the one in Christchurch, reckoned to be the best
in the colony,

Canterbury Province, of which Christchurch is the
capital, or chief town, occupies the central part of the
eastern side of che Middle Island, and contains a
large tract of flat country termed the Canterbury
Plains. These plains are, as a rule, very fertile, and
constitute the "great grain growing district of New
Zealand." At the head of these plains the city of Christ-
church is situated, and occupies a pleasant position
on the banks of the river Avon, only a few miles
from the sea. The land in and around Christchurch
is very rich and fertile, well watered by numerous
small rivulets, as well as having a great boon in the
flow of artesian wells. These wells are tapped at
depths varying from 50 to 200 feet simply by driving
a succession of 2-inch pipes through the loam, sand,
and gravel. These wells, from a gardener's point of
view, are a great advantage, and give to the gar-
dening fraternity of Christchurch facilities by which
perfect paradises might be brought into existence.
Besides being well watered this city has a climate
highly conducive to vegetable growth in the great
variety of weather found throughout the whole year,
namelj', a few days' bright weather, then more rain,
often making the summer almost as wet as the winter.
Occasionally we have a few weeks of drought, and
now and then a good blow from the north-west,
which makes a little havoc amongst the plantations
and gardens such as they are, so that it will be seen
that Christchurch could have enjoyable gardens and
a botanic garden. The present garden is situated in
a large bend of the river Avon on the western side of
the city, and with the park on the opposite side of
the river contains several hundreds of acres. The
entrance is from a very interesting and picturesque
street ; in fact, the approach to the garden is mis-
leading, because the splendid Holly hedge and long

avenue of Sycamore, Birch, Alder, and Ash, with the
imposing structures, as seen in the colleges and
museums in close proximity to the garden gates, would
certainly lead a stranger to expect something grand in
the way of gardening on entering those locally made
gates, which are in themselves a great ornament and
a credit to Christchurch artizans. The first sight is
disappointing in the extreme — no shape, design, plan,
or purpose discernible in the whole place. The
ground is in its primitive unevenness ; the lawns (such
as they are) possess no shape, and are up and down
like a camel's back ; the paths are either unneces-
sarily wide or too narrow, lead nowhere, and take no
part in the dividing of the grounds ; the borders are
arranged anyhow, and contain a jumbled-up, over-
grown, ill-grown collection of shrubs, trees, herba-
ceous plants and annuals. In what is called the
pinetum and plantations matters are even worse than
in the garden proper, no care in thinning or pruning
having ever been exercised, and what would now be
representing great value in timber trees is one vast
series of ill-shaped, gnarled branched, and smothered
trees, with no prospect of ever forming marketable
timber although originally planted for that purpose.

Still this garden is not without some redeeming
features, for being pleasantly situated in the bend
of a beautiful river, upon whose banks Weeping
Willows have been planted, it is impossible to pre-
vent some beautiful spots forming. These Willows
are full grown and extend their graceful weeping
plumes in a perfect canopy of vegetation over
the deep and placid waters of the Avon, giving
vistas hard to be beaten. One part of this river is
spanned by a rather pretty foot-bridge, and to stand
on the centre of this bridge, where a full view of the
water and Willows can be obtained, is a treat which
many would walk miles to behold. The scene is
soothing, charming, and what I should call sweetly
grand, if such an expression may be used.

The collection of plants contained in the garden, if
it received better treatment, would do credit to any
first-class establishment. Amongst the trees there
are Araucaria imbricata — a fine specimen and now
bearing cones, A. Bidwilli and A. brasiliensis ; Abies
grandis, A. Nordmanniana, A. Fraseri, A. balsamea,
A. cephalonica, and A. nobilis ; Picea Menziesii, P.
Douglasii, P. excelsa, P. alba, and P. canadensis ;
Sequoia gigantea — several fine trees, a fine speci-
men of Cryptomeria japonica in full bearing, C.
elegans, noble examples of the graceful Cupressus
Lawsoniana. This very useful timber tree grows to
perfection in this colony, and will no doubt be most
extensively planted. It does well in almost any posi-
tion, I have myself seen it doing well in an almost
impenetrable clay on highlands and on low-lying land
with gravelly bottom. iLast winter, when in the
southern part of this district, I had the pleasure of
seeing some grand forms of this tree which had been
planted over twenty years ; each was a perfect picture
in itself, being about 30 feet in height, well furnished
at the bottom, and forming broad-based pyramids.
This habit, enhanced in beauty by the masses of
bright red and black male catkins covering the droop-
ing plumes of the branches, was sufficient to make
even the dullest of mortals brighten up with delight.
These trees, with numerous other good specimens of
Coniferse, were on the estate of the Hon. Lanceolet
Walker, in the Geraldine district — a gentleman
greatly interested in trees. But to return to the
public gardens. Thuia gigantea, Libocedrus decurrens,
and Sequoia sempervirens are represented by good-
sized trees. Cedrus Dcodara, C. rigida, C. atlantica,
and C. Libani, Juniperus virginiana, and several
other species, also give promise of coming to
perfection. In deciduous trees there are all the
generally grown species of English, European,
and American origin, most of which grow well
here. In shrubs the garden is fairly well supplied,
containing many which in England must have green-
house protection — Colletia bictonensis forming quite
a feature with its phylloid branches ; Hydrangea
japonica ccerulea, in very large clumps, also H. hor-
tensis. I may here mention that the Hydrangeas
grow to perfection in Christchurch, and remain in
bloom for a very long period. The Photinias also
make handsome flowering shrubs in this garden.
Drimys aromatica, a Tasmanian shrub of very com-
pact habit, with racemes of white, globular, Erica-
like flowers, is here quite at home ; and with several
species of Hakea, Callistemon, Melaleuca, and
Grevillea, show the wide range of shrubs open for
cultivation in these neglected gardens. Acacia

decurrens forms large trees, and in the early spring is
quite a feature in and around Christchurch, by its rich
golden flowers, standing out from amongst the silvery
and feather-like leaves. A part of these grounds is
alloted to native plants ; but any person unacquainted
with the beautiful trees and shrubs of the New
Zealand forests would conceive a poor idea of our
indigenous flora, from what is here presented to view.
A few Panax crassifolium, Drimys colorata, several
Pittosporums and Leptospermum, Corynocarpus
I?evigatus, Olearias and Coprosmas, also a few New
Zealand Birch trees, with here and there a clump of
Phormium tenax, and other species of the same
family ; also the New Zealand rival to the Pampas-
grass — I mean Poa conspicua — and Dracaena australis
and D. indivisa, plants that form a great feature in
the scenery of this country.

There is a very good collection of herbaceous
plants, containing, but in a very bad condition, some
representatives of the British flora, which I need
hardly say are much prized by the colonists. But
the department in which this garden excels is in
the number of variegated plants and sports which
have, to a certain extent, been grouped into a
rather effective border or bed — Cupressus Law-
soniana lutea, Cupressus macrocarpa aurea, Cupressus
torulosa aurea, in very large specimens. These three
forms originated here, and have been largely propa-
gated. Besides these there are a whole host of every
conceivable variegation, and I may here mention that
the Christchurch climate is very favourable and pro-
lific in the production of sports or varieties ; a sowing
of almost everything is bound to have some new form
in the batch, especially conifers. A short time ago,
in visiting a place up country, I was astonished to
come,across a golden form of Pinus insignis, not arising
from sickness, but one in perfect growth. The above
will show to my readers the material advantages, &c.,
which even this part of New Zealand possesses in the
way of gardening ; but in the present condition of affairs
the so-called Government gardens at Christchurch are
utterly useless. No taste is displayed, few efforts
are made to assist Nature ; there is a great want of
proper nomenclature, so that visitors can gain but small
benefit or instruction, and very little in recreation,
because the paths are covered with shifting and loose
gravel, or sticky clay ; the grass is forbidden ground,
and what few broken down, make-believe garden-
seats there are, cannot be comfortably utilised.
This lamentable state of garden affairs, I ought
to mention, in justice to the gentleman in charge
of the above garden, is due to the niggardly
support of the municipal and Government authori-
ties. Christopher Miidd,

fl0ili»t2' fkur^rs.

The Amaryllis. — The present hot weather is
very well adapted for the requirements of the plants
at this stage of their growth. They are now ripening
off, and although they have been shaded from the sun
for a few hours at mid-day, when it was excessively
fierce, they are well exposed to the sun, and the ven-
tilators are open night and day. We do not now
give them much water at the roots, and the atmo-
sphere of the house is also kept comparatively dry.
The black thrips have been a greater trouble to us
this year than usual. They were killed night after
night with tobacco smoke, but they have swarmed
outside, and seem to get in, and are at work on the
leaves before the day is over. The seedling plants of
this year must be kept growing freely in a house
where they can obtain a moist, warm atmosphere.
Our plants have just been pricked out, a dozen of
them in 6-inch pots. They do best with the pots
plunged in a gentle bottom*heat. Syringe the young
plants daily while the weather continues hot.

Calceolarias and Cinerarias. — These plants
are grown together, and require very much the same
treatment. At present they show signs of distress from
excessive heat. Our earliest flowering plants have been
potted into 6-inch pots, and are making good growth
in a well ventilated span-roofed pit ; from such strong
plants as these we had last year a plentiful bloom of
both from Christmas onwards. The latest flowering
plants have been potted off into large and small 6o's,
A good compost of turfy loam four parts, one part

August i6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

205

decayed manure, one part leaf-mould, and one part
sharp sand, causes a vigorous growth, which will
carry the plants well through the blooming period.
They must be kept free from green- fly and thrips by
fumigating, and a dwarf compact habit of growth is
promoted by abundant ventilation. AVhen it is neces-
sary to shade from very hot sunshine, do not let the
shading be on longer than is absolutely necessary.
Nearly all classes of growing plants, as well as plants
in flower, ought to be shaded from the direct rays of
the sun, but it is a very grave error to forget to draw
up the shading when the sun has gone off the plants,
or if the day has become overclouded.

Cyclamens. — The market growers, and a few of
the large amateurs who make the growth of this plant
a specialty, obtain excellentresultsinthewayof culture;
but as a rule in many private gardens they are not satis-
factory. In most cases the seeds are not sown at the
right time, and the after-culture is not carefully con-
sidered. The best time to sow the seeds is in August,
the first week in the month preferable to later ;
ours were sown on the 9th. When the seeds vegetate,
and the plants have made one leaf, pot them off singly
in thumb-pots, and place them on a shelf near the
glass, where they must not be allowed to suffer for
want of water at any time. Cyclamens do not
show signs of distress for want of water so
much as other plants, and they are frequently
allowed to become too dry in consequence.
Grow the plants on in heat through the winter and
spring months, potting them on as they require it.
About the end of May they may be placed in cold
frames, and in the hot summer weather put the lights
over them with plenty of ventilation by day, and
lightly shade from hot sunshine. The lights should
be pulled quite off at night, and under those con-
ditions vigorous and compact growth is made, and a
splendid head of bloom will be produced the follow-
ing winter and spring months. Old plants require to
be kept rather dry up to July, but after that they
should be potted, and kept growing freely in cold
frames ; at present they are making plenty of young
leaves and roots.

Pelargoniums. — We find it suits our purpose
best to have a late bloom of the show section, and
they were not cut over until the first week in August.
The wood had become quite hard and perfectly well
ripened, and as a result of this the buds are breaking
remarkably strong, and giving evidence already of
handsome bushy specimens. The next operation, as
soon as all the buds have fairly started, is to turn the
plants out of their pots, shake the greater portion of
the soil from the roots, and cut a portion of them
away, repotting them again in pots a size smaller. If
this operation is delayed the plants receive a check
from the disrooting process. Any cuttings that may
have been put in will form roots in a cold frame or on
a shelf in the greenhouse. The zonal type are very
useful to furnish the greenhouse and conservatory
with flowering plants now. We have had such a
wealth of Carnation and Picotee bloom to admire up
to this time, and for the last six weeks, that scarcely
any other greenhouse flowers were thought of, and
now that they are over a number of plants of the per-
petual flowering kinds are keeping up a succession.
The zonals that we find most useful, and which give us
an almost indefinite quantity of bloom, are the plants
that flowered so freely last winter. They were placed
out-of-doors in April, and received but little atten-
tion until the beginning of July, when they were
repotted, and the long rest they had has proved of
great service to them. The plants intended to flower
in the winter do best if they are exposed to the open
air for the next month or six weeks, when they may
be taken into the house where they are to bloom. It
is best not to allow them to produce flowers at all up
to two weeks of the time they are wanted.

Petunias. — The double varieties are very useful
decorative plants at this season of the year, and they
can be grown with very little trouble. Cuttings put
in during the month of March would now be good
sized plants well furnished with bloom. They like
the same potting soil as Cinerarias, and an airy light
position in the greenhouse. A few cuttings should
now be taken off for winter stock ; it is best to throw
the old plants away when the blooming time is over.
J. Douglas, Iljord.

NEW BEGONIAS.

The plant represented in our engraving (fig. 40) is
at once a most interesting and entirely novel variety of
the Begonia Rex kind. It originated from seed of B.
Alexander von Humboldt hybridised with B. argentea
cupreata, and was raised by Mr. F. Nemeczek, gar-
dener to Count Erdddy, a Hungarian nobleman. In
the August number of the IVkncr Illust. Garten
Zeiliiiig, 1SS3, an article and representation of a leaf
appeared on this valuable acquisition, from which we

FiG. 40. — BEGONIA COMTESEE LOUISE EBDtiuY.

draw the above information, and a coloured illustra-
tion was published in the issue of last March of the
same periodical. The leaf, of metallic lustre, appears
dark silvery in the centre, shading into coppery-rose
towards the margin, which itself is evenly and broadly
edged in the same hue, but darker and still more
brilliant. The veins are yellowish-green on both
sides, accompanied by a dark green ribbon about one
eighth of an inch broad, while, owing to an elegant
undulation of the leaf, they run in a sort of groove
close to the margin of the leaf.

The principal attraction, however, of this novelty
consists in the peculiarity that the two lobes^at the

RuBUS CHAMiEMORUS. — A Correspondent in Nor-
way sends a further supply of this beautiful little
species, gathered by daylight, or, rather, sunlight, at
midnight at the North Cape on the 29th alt.

Fig. 4T. — BEGONIA DIADEMA.

base of the leaf do not grow side by side or over-
lap each other, as is the case with the other varie-
ties of the class, but continue to grow in a screw-like
way, as indicated in the engraving, forming a regular
spiral on the top of the leaf to Such an extent that a
full-grown leaf shows a spiral-shaped top of four com-
plete windings, and nearly 2 inches high.

Leaving alone the great value of this acquisition as
regards striking coloration and compact, neat growth,
this strange and novel habit distinguishes it from all
existing forms.

The raiser, Mr. Nemeczek, has parted with his
entire stock and incumbent rights to Messrs. Pietz &
Roes, oi Erfurt,

On this occasion mention may also be made and atten-
tion drawn to the very pretty Begonia diadema, sent
out a few years ago, of which likewise an illustration
is given (fig. 41). The deeply cut smaragdine leaves
of this are covered by a number of white spots of
shining mother-of-pearl appearance. A most graceful
and elegant plant. 0, P.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Hops in New Zealand. — The Hop plant (Hum-
ulus lupulus), which has been introduced into New
Zealand, seems to thrive well in Nelson. It is culti-
vated on the same system as in England, and the fine
crops which have been produced are greatly due to
an unexhausted soil and a fine climate. The Hop-
plant delights in a deep rich loam mixed with cal-
careous sand, and the Nelson soils have these in
abundance, hence the fine crops of that district. At
least four varieties of the Hop plant are cultivated in
Nelson, propagated by cuttings taken in the spring
from the first growth of the plant. When harvested
the plants are cut above the second or third lowest
buds, which are close to the ground, as these produce
the next year's crop, the latter throwing up shoots
early in the spring, which are cleared off, then covered
up, when the crown throws up new shoots ; these are
trained and tied to the poles. The plants are very
prolific in buds and roots, which supply numerous
layers for additional plantation. These plants are
generally placed in a hill, the hills being at a dis-
tance from one another of 3 feet, with the rows 6 feet
apart. *' Sowing Hop seed is not expedient, as
plants grown from seed would prove inferior, although
a new and superior variety might be found among
some hundreds of seedlings, which would no doubt
assist to extend the fame of New Zealand as a Hop-
growing country, and at the same time enrich the
discoverer." The Hop crop in Nelson is stated to be
subject, more or less, to the red-spider, and an insect
called the plant-louse, but up to the present time they
have committed no great damage.

Hop-poles seem to be one of the most expensive
Items in Hop cultivation in Nelson. Those used are
chiefly young plants of indigenous trees such as Lep-
tospermum scoparium, L. ericoides, Aristotelia race-
mosa, Myrsine Nevillei, Fagus solandri, F. fusca, &c.
The Myrsine is the most durable. Any stick, how-
ever, which is nearly straight is made to serve the
purpose. They are said to be required for the main
crops 20 to 30 feet long for young plants ; however,
shorter poles can be used.

Slanting the poles on which the plants are trained
is recommended, even if requiring short forks to keep
them up. By this method the height of the crop is
reduced, thus offering less surface to the wind, while
the plants would ripen sooner from the influence of
the closer radiated heat from the earth, and they
would also be much more convenient for training and
tying.

It is recommended that trees known to possess
durable woods should be cultivated for the supply of
Hop-poles, such as Oak, Ash, Birch, and species of
Eucalyptus, the damage caused through rotten poles
in New Zealand being very serious.

A SHORT PEA SEASON.

In your interesting and truthful note on this sub-
ject (p. 147) you attribute the rapidity with which
many Peas were hurried in and past this season to
weather influences and different modes of cultivation,
and, according to my experience, these have a great
deal to do with the length or shortness of the Pea
season, but it is also a question of variety. Some
varieties appear to stop podding and become too old
and dry for use before they have well begun to be use-
ful. We have had rows of kinds in June and July
which were ready for use at the beginning of a week,
and almost over before the end of It ; while neigh-
bouring rows of different kinds, under the same con-
ditions, were much more satisfactory. Amongst
these latter some new varieties have behaved uncom-
monly well. On June 24 I exhibited a collection of
ten sorts of Peas at South Kensington, which for-
tunately secured a 1st prize, and amongst them were
Webb's new Wordsley Wonder, Sharpe's Para-
gon, Jefferies' Edible Podded, and Duke of Albany.
The pods at that time were gathered from a row of
each, which was growing in a shallow well manured
trench, and from the same rows I again gathered 3 -

2o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1S84.

nice batch of pods, which secured 2d prize in a col-
lection of six dishes on July 22. The varieties named
were the only rows from which I was able to gather
good fresh pods each time, and I consider it very
much in their favour that they should be able to yield
such a long succession of pods at the season of the
year named. I could mention many other sorts
which failed altogether to produce green pods for
more than half the length of time, and yet they were
all grown under the same conditions. I may say I
have formed a very high opinion of the varieties
named, and I would briefly describe them as
follows : —

Webb's Wordslev Wonder Pea. — This Pea is
very deceptive in a way, but it all happens in its own
favour. Any one seeing a row of it along the side of
a row of some of the very large podded sorts would
conclude it was a poor small thing not worth picking
up, but close inspection would quickly dispel this
delusion, as it will be found that the pods are pro-
duced in the utmost profusion in pairs, and that each
one is closely, very closely packed with from nine to
twelve fine big green Marrowfat Peas, It is only
when the pods are opened that its superior and
genuine character is displayed. The pods are
narrower and darker green than many others, but the
Peas individually are as large and fine as any which
come out of the biggest of them. The flavour is
delicious, and in this particular point I can speak of
it with the utmost confidence.

Jefferies' Edible Podded Pea is by far the best
of the kind I am acquainted with. It grows about
6 feet high, produces beautiful purple Bowers, and
plenty of pods. These are ready for use as soon as
they are properly formed, and continue edible until
the Peas have gained a good size. I was very curious
to know how the flavour would prove, and to me it
was very pleasing indeed. It is the most economical
Pea grown for small gardens, as all is eaten and there
is no waste with it in any way. I shall always grow
some of it ; in fact I am quite delighted with it.

Sharpe's Paragon is one of those good things for
which Sleaford has of late become noted, and its
value does not degenerate by its being known as one
of Mr. Culverwell's progeny. It is a robust growing,
free fruiting Pea, with short pale green pods, which
never fail to fill well and give the greatest satisfaction
in the kitchen.

Duke of Albany has much of the Telegraph type
in it, as it grows about the same height and produces
very laige dark green pods, if anything more profusely
than Telegraph ; in f..ct, it is rather a dangerous rival
to that favourite variety. J, Uiiir, Margam,

PLANT PORTRAITS,

ABItS RELIGIOSA, Bo/. A-'a^'., t. 6753.
ACERAS ANTHROPOPIIORA, Galiciljloia, t. H49
(1S84).

/Etiiionema PULCIIELLUM, Garden, April 19.

Anf.mone vernalis, GarJen, April ig.

Azalea indica Verv.eneana, Illust, Horlicolc,

t. 523-

Callimeris Alberti. — An Aster-like plant from
Western Turkestan, with linear foliage and heads of
violet-blue flowers. Gart<:uflora, t. 1152.

Caraguata SANGuiNEA, Bot. Mag , July, t. 6765.

CYPRIPEDIUM Sl'lCEKIANUiM, Bclg. HorticoU,
18S3, t. iS.

El.eagn'US LONGII'ES, A. Gray, Bclgiifiu Horticoli:,
t. 16 (18S4) ; Card. Chron. 1873, p. 1015, tab. 206.

EucHARis Sandekiana, Garden, March 29.

Gymnogkamma schizophylla var. gloriosa.
— A very elegant form, whose minutely divided
foliage and crested fronds defy description in words.
Illust. Horlicok, t. 522.

L/ELIA ANCF.PS, UaWSONI, WiLMAMSIANA, PeR-
CIVAI.IANA ROSEA, BaKICERI, JIiLLI, VeITCIUI,

Gulden, June 28.

L.1;LIA AUTUMNALIS VAR. VENfST/l, Gaidt)!,

May 3.

Leea amaeilis var. splendens, Illustration
Horticole, I. 518.

I, ILIUM Washingtonianum, Florist, July.

LvcASiE Skinneri and L. Skinnehi var.
ALBA, Garden, May 17.

Lychnis lagasce, Garden, June 21.

MAG.NOLIA SOULANGEANA NIGRA, Garden,

KM 5-

OdONTOGLOSSUM NEBULOSUM VAR. GUTTATUM,
Itlnst. Horticole, 1SS4, t. 524.

Orchis pauciflora, Garlcnf.ora, t. 1149
(1SS4).

Orchis undulatifolia, Gartenflora, t. 1149.

Oxytropis frigida, Gartenflora, t. 1 154.

OXVTROPIS ochroleuca, Gartenflora, t. 1 1 54.

Panax Victorle. — Leaves three-lobed, lobes
pinnatifid, bright green, with an edging of white. A
pretty decorative plant, figured in the Illust. Horticole,
t. 621.

Pentachaete aurea. — A dwarf annua! Com-
posite, with long linear leaves and solitary yellow
flower-heads, about i inch across ; California,
Gartenflora, t. 1153.

Potentii.la nitida. Garden, June 21.

Scutellaria I^ehmanni, — A species with stalked
cordate ovate minutely puberulous leaves and scarlet
tubular shortly 2-lipped flowers, each about i inch
long and arranged in terminal spikes. Native of the
Western Cordilleras. Gartenflora, t. 1 152.

Serapias CORDIGERA, Gartenflora, t. 1 149.

Streptosolen Jamesoni, Garden, July 5. See
Card. Chron. for 1SS4, p. 790.

Jhe pF^OPAQATOR.

The Propagation of the Different Varie-
ties of the Aucuba, Holly, Ivy, Laurel, and
other Hardy Plants (continued from p. 141).
— JASMINUM NUDIFLORUM. — In propagating this
plant a selection of medium sized growths should be
made ; the wood, however, must be quite ripe. It is
usual to make the pieces about 6 inches long, and to
trim ofi' the leaves from the bottom of the stem for 2
inches. Before putting into the pit the bottom of the
cuttings should be cut off at the point with a sharp
knife. This done, they can be dibbled into the pit 2
inches deep, and 2 inches apart, but care should be
taken to press them firmly into the soil.

JASMINUM officinale. — Preference should be
given to strong ripe wood of summer growth. The
cuttings should be made at a joint, and should have
two sets of leaves attached. They are to be dibbled
into the frame about 2 inches apart, and pressed
firmly into the soil. It is also necessary to water
them.

JASMINUM REVOLUTUM. — This IS a strong grow-
ing variety, and roots more freely when put in by
sicgle eyes. In making the cuttings, it is necessary
that they should each have two sets of leaves. The
bottom leaves must be cut off, and the bottom of the
stem should also be severed at a joint. Dibble and
press firmly in the soil,

Forsythia Fortunei.— In this case strong ripe
pieces 6 inches long should be taken, and dibbled
into the pit to the depth of 3 inches. Each cutting
must be firmly pressed into the soil,

Forsythia suspensa.— The cuttings should be
made of the medium growth?, putting in pieces from
3 to 4 inches long.

Forsythia viridissima.— These cuttings should
be made of good strong growths, well finished up, and
quite ripe. They should be each 6 or 7 inches long.
Dibble them into the soil and water in.

AcANTHOPANAX VARIEGATUM.— Aselectionshould
be made of the top and side shoots. The cuttings
should be cut off at the joint, and the wood must be
quite hard. Dibble in to the depth of 2 inches.

Aralia japonica.— The gardener must use the
roots of this plant as a means for its propagation.
Good strong roots should be procured and cut into
lengths of 3 inches. Dibble them into the soil in such
a manner as to make the top of the root level with
the surface of the soil. It may, perhaps, be more
convenient to place the roots in a deep pan or small
box, because it is necessary to pot the root-cuttings
off directly they start into growth ; and as it is a plant
that makes rapid growth they are more easily and
conveniently handled if they are placed in a pan at
one end of the frame. As soon as they start into
growth they must be potted off singly into 6o-sizcd
pots, and after well watering they can be replaced in
the pit. When they have well rooted through they
should be potted into some strong loam in 32-sized

pots. Replace, after watering them, in the pit until
they are established, and then they can be transferred
to an open ground.

EUONYMUS.— This beautiful plant is propagated
from its side growths and small shoots, and these
must be quite ripe. The cuttings should be
3 or 4 inches long, having the leaves trimmed off
the bottom of the stem for ij inch. Dibble into
the pit and water in. The many varieties of these
should be propagated in quantity.

RiBES sanguineum. — Select and cut off pieces of
medium growth, putting in as cuttings pieces 6 inches
long. Dibble into the soil to the depth of 2 inches.

Berberidopsis corallina. — The short side
growths of this plant should be chosen, and they
should be firm wood. A running stem can be cut
up into lengths, each piece having on it three or four
leaves. Cut the bottom of the cuttings off at a leaf
joint. Dibble into the soil l^ inch deep, and press
in firmly.

Ceanothus azureus grandiflorus.— In this
case also the small side growths should be taken for
the cuttings. They should be 3 or 4 inches long,
and trimmed of the leaves and shoots for I inch from
the bottom of the stem. They must be cut oft' at a
joint. Dibble I inch deep, and press firmly into the
soil.

Ceanothus dentatus, C. divaricatus, C.
floribundus, C. grandiflorus, C. papillosus,
C. rigidus. — These plants should be propagated
from the small side shoots, but the wood must be
quite ripe or hard. They should be about 3 inches
long.

CiSTUS formosus.— The cuttings in this case
should be taken when the wood is hardening ; the
weak and side shoots are the best. Each piece should
have two sets of leaves on it, and should be cut off at
the joint. Dibble into the soil to the depth of i inch.
Cistus incanus, C, ladaniferus, C. salvifolius, can be
treated in a similar manner.

Desfontainea spinosa.— Choose the medium-
sijed tops of shoots where the wood is firm and ripe.
The pieces should be about 4 or 5 inches long, and
the leaves should be removed from the bottom of the
stem. Dibble into the pit and water in.

EL.1i:AGNUS reflexus aureo-variegatus. — This
is a very pretty plant, and deserves to be more exten-
sively cultivated than it is at present. Put in as cut-
tings some good strong pieces from 4 to 6 inches long.
It is especially necessary in this case to have the wooj
quite ripe, and it would be useless to put in cuttings
in a semi-ripe state. Dibble in and press each cut-
ting firmly into the soil,

ESCALLONIA InGRAMI, E. MACRANTHA, E. MON-

tevidensis, E. pterocladon. — Make a selec-
tion of the small side shoots. The growths should be
well finished up and the wood quite ripe. Each piece
should be between 2 or 3 inches in length, and the
leaves removed for an inch at the bottom of
the stem. Cut them off at a joint, and dibble in an
inch deep.

Eugenia apiculata, E. Ugni.— These cuttings
are made from the side thoots, and should be 2 inches
in length. They should be cut off at a joint, and the
leaves removed for an inch from the bottom of the
stem. Dibble in an inch deep, and press firmly
into the soil.

Grislinia littoralis, G. mackophylla.—
Select such growths as are well finished up, and of
ripe wood. Each cutting should have on it from four
to six leaves. In dibbling them into the pit the holes
thus made should be filled up with sand.

The cuttings of the plants above-named may be
taken during the months of July, August, September,
and October, but the propagator must keep in mind,
what we have many times repeated, that only hard or
ripe wood will make good cuttings.

7j«a////f«/. — During the first fortnight the cuttings
should be sprinkled overhc-id with a fine-rose pot
every morning, ventilating them on sunny days, and
shading them with an old mat or canvas. Occasion-
ally the dead leaves should be taken olT, but i; iiiu:.t
be done carefully, so as not to disturb the cutting-.
They should be kept in the frame until Ihey are
rooted, and then they can be potted off or planted in
a 4 feet bed, each plant 6 inches apart, T. O.

I

August i6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

207

]^f^UITg ^yNDEF( -QLA^g.

Peaches and Nectarines.— Before the planting
season arrives it would be advisable to make a
general inspection of the trees in each house, and any
alterations to be made respecting the removal of
unsatisfactory ones decided upon, as well as the selec-
tion of varieties to take their places ; and in order to
prevent disappointment and loss through mistakes in
nomenclature, &c., these should be ordered from a
trustworthy source, and at an early date, before the
best of the stock has been disposed of. Amongst the
many kinds of Peaches of recent introduction some
are unquestionably acquisitions, more especially in
point of precocity, while others, at least in regard to
flavour, are inferior to older varieties, such, for in-
stance, as Royal George, Bellegarde.Grosse Mignonne,
Noblesse, &c., which have been years under cultiva-
tion, nevertheless some of them are noble and
enticing in appearance, and we, like some other cul-
tivators, have been thus led to plant and cultivate
some o( them, which, after wasting both time and
space upon, we have found to be almost worthless,
and have had to fall back upon trustworthy old sorts
instead. We notice this in order to caution others
from being tempted in a similar manner, and who
may have but limited accommodation for Peach
culture, and which cannot be used for mere experi-
ments. With respect to varieties of Nectarines,
although they have not been so much increased
as Peaches, still as regards general useful-
ness a greater advance has been accomplished
in them, more particularly in the sorts Lord
Napier as an early, and Victoria as a very late
variety, while Stanwick Elruge, Humboldt, and
Pine-apple are invaluable intermediate varieties.
Other desirable Nectarines deserving of mention are
Elruge, Murrey, Violette Hative, and Pitmaston
Orange. The following Peaches, although they by
no means exhaust the list of good ones, can be
depended upon to give satisfaction and meet the
requirements of most cultivators :— Hale's Early,
A'Bec, Early Grosse Mignonne, Royal George,
Stirling Castle, Grosse Mignonne, Bellegarde, Vio-
lette Hative, Barrington, Thames Bank, Prince of
Wales, Late Admirable, and Walburton Admirable,
the latter being the richest flavoured of the very late
section, but is unfortunately a shy bearer, and requires
its young wood to be laid in rather thinly, so that it
may get thoroughly matured. Thames Bank is large
and handsome, the best flavoured yellow-fleshed kind
we are acquainted with ; in ripening it succeeds
Stirling Castle. It was raised by Mr. Rust, of Eridge
Castle Gardens, but is not so generally grown as it
deserves to be. In purchasing young trees choice
should be made of those which have been lifted the
previous season and possess clean free-swelling stems,
with evenly balanced fan-trained heads moderately
strong in growth.

Melo.ns. — The seasonable hot weather we are now
enjoying is very favourable to Melon culture, and
especially to the batches recently planted, which
require their growths to be formed during sunny
weather and before the sunlight declines. Advantage
should be taken of this fine time to admit air liberally
during the early part of the day to these plants
which have to mature their crops late under
adverse circumstances, so that their tissues may
consolidate and toughen, and thus prepare them for
the unfavourable conditions which late fruiting Melons
have to encounter. A limited root space will also greatly
further this desirable end, and will prevent luxuriance
of growth ; therefore, after successful artificial ferti-
lisation, and the roots push through the sides of the
ridges or heaps, only a thin layer of fresh soil should
be added, which must be firmly rammed. The
laterals should be arranged thinly, and confined to
their allotted space. Water at the roots must be cau-
tiously given, and after the fruits commence to swell
liquid manure should be used in a mild form, while
the atmosphere must be kept in a more or less moist-
ened condition according to the state of the weather,
and as the days decline in length a damp and sluggish
one must be rigidly avoided. Close the structure
early, so that the temperature may run up to 90* from
sun-heat, and so regulate the valves that a bottom-
heat of about 85° is ensured. Where pot culture is
practised the plants should be plunged in a bottom-
heat of the above temperature. Close watchfulness

must be used to keep the plants properly watered,
and the other particulars in culture be carried out as
advised for those planted out. Plants in pits or
frames dependent upon solar heat and fermenting
material for warmth must be very cautiously watered
as the days shorten, and syringing should be discon-
tinued except when the weather is tine. See that the
fruits have supports, and are cleared of foliage by
drawing it aside so as to assist the ripening, and if
needful add fresh linings for the purpose of keeping
up the required heat, and cover with mats at night.

Vines. — ^'oung wood of Vines from which the
crops are gathered will be benefited by the excessive
warmth to which they are now subjected, especially
where it is, as yet, but indifterently matured ; in such
instances the most should be made of this sunny time,
and by securing a buoyant atmosphere, which should
be kept dry. Established Vines which it is intended
to force in November, should by this date have their
wood thoroughly browned and hardened, and being in
this satisfactory state it may now be shortened back
to about half its length preparatory to the final
pruning. In cases, however, where root lifting has to
be undertaken, to which reference was made at p. 79,
this operation should be deferred until after the roots
have had time to make a start into the fresh soil. The
method of confining the roots of early forced Vmes to
internal borders is now pretty generally adopted, but
where they extend to outside ones they should now
have the top soil removed, which should be replaced
with a dressing of moderately heavy loam, mixed with
bones, old mortar rubble, and charcoal, small crushed,
all made firm, while provision should be made for
covering them before they become chilled by
autumnal rains. Wide glass wall copings, which
should be always made movable, can be profitably
utilised for this purpose, under which a thick
covering of leaves should be placed when procurable.
The intensity of the sun's heat will have an
injurious effect upon ripe Grapes which are exposed to
it, particularly Muscats, which are the first to shrivel
and become discoloured ; consequently, if the hot
weather contir.ues, and they are not well protected by
their foliage, seme kind of thin shading, such as
tiffany, herring-netting doubled, or similar material
should be placed over them during the hottest time
of the day ; we use the first-named material, which
answers the purpose admirably. Late Grapes now
fast colouring should not be unduly hurried, as they
always ripen more satisfactorily when allowed reason-
able time, during which they are accustomed to free
currents of soft mild air, without any ex]iosure to cold
ones, with a moderate night temperature of about 65°.
They should, however, be perfectly ripe by the firbt
week in October, otherwise, unless the season is a very
favourable one, they have to mature under the
influence of a moist atmosphere, and when the sun's
power is feeble, the result being that the texture of the
skin is thin, and early decay f-ollows. Thomas Coombir^
//entire Ganiens, Alouincuth.

laitts and

\y\\ |;iltui{^.

BuLBODS Plants, Stove. — Many of these genera
conslitute a most useful and effective addition to the
general collection of pot plants, not only for iheir
beautiful flowers, but also for the ornamental character
of the foliage of a great proportion. The foliage even
of the Eucbaris is very ornamental when the plants
are in a thriving condition, and when such is the case
the spikes of bloom will be of finer proportions, with
flowers o! greater substance than can be obtained from
plants that are only in a medium state of health. All
ofoursarenow standing in two vineries, in one of
which the Grapes are ripe, whilst in the other a few
more weeks are needed to bring them to that condi-
tion. In both cases the plants are in good health,
bearing evidence that they have no objection to being
treated to an abundant circulation of fresh air, and a
comparatively dry state of the atmosphere. Some
few spikes have pushed up of late, but we do not need
many just at this season of the year, preferring to work
them into a flowering stage later on in the autumn,
their place now being filled by many kindred subjects,
such as the Pancratium fragrans, Gladioli, in pots and
open ground, LiHum auratum, and the varieties of L.
lancifolium, that can always be relied upon just at
this season of the year with certainty. Our Eucharis,
on the whole, are now what may be termed in a
** quiet state," reliance, however, being placed on
their giving a good account of themselves when more
needed. The possessor of any stock of this useful
plant not in a satisfactory condition at the root,
had better look to them at once. If in a

moderately healthy state, many of the roots nearer
home can be preserved, keeping that portion
of the ball intact, but if sickly, with scarcely
any foliage and the roots in an indilTcrent stale,
the better plan will be to thorouglily shake them
out of the soil and wash the roots that are left
in clean water, afterwards repotting into smaller pots
that are extra well dsained, so that there is r.o
superfluous soil around thtrm. This treatment is al-o
a good one to pursue wilh any stock that may be
unfortunately troubled with mealy-bug, removirg,
at the same time, the outer scales and carefully cleans-
ing the leaves, using water, in this case as warm as
one can, with comfort, bear to dip the hand into.
The same remedy will likewise be eflectual with the
Amaryllids that are troubled with the same pest. For
our Eucharis we use a soil composed of good fibrous
peat and turfy loam, one-third of the former to two-
thirds of the latter, adding a few crushed bones and
an abundance of silver-sand. If the best soil at coir.-
mand is likely to become somewhat too tenacious we
would prefer to add some broken crocks or knobs of
charcoal, to counteract this failing. If a slight bottom-
heat is at command so muchthe better for the first
few weeks after being repotted, to induce a quicker
root action.

Pancratiums that have done flowering may also be
looked after for any possible increase in the ilock.
One good strong bulb in a pot is enough, the proba-
bility is then that the flowering period may be ex-
tended to a greater length. The spring-bloomirg
varieties of Amaryllis will now be casting some of
their foliage ; when this is apparent water must be
gradually withheld as the plants return to their
dormant condition. Annryllis auHca will snnn
be starting into growth ; any potting or top-dressing
that may be needed should therefore be seen to at
once. Keep a watchful eye after thrips; these
insects will soon disfigure the under-portion of the
leaves of the Amaryllis and cause them to decay pre-
maturely. Vallota purpurea will now for some weeks
be doing good service with its attractive spikes. Any
pots that are pushing up an extra quantity of bloom
had better be aided with occasional doses of manure-
water ; do not water so freely at any time after the .
flowering period is past, the plant then being com-
paratively at rest. We do not mean by this to cut
off the supply entirely, after a short period, but
exercise caution in its application. With liberal
treatment the Gloriosas w-IU continue to flower for
some time to come ; thf se fine climbing bulbous plants
are handscme subjects for a large stove. Later on,
as the growths gradually weaken, give les:; water in
proportion, but be careful not to put them on one
side as not needing any attention after the growths
have all died down. This is the frequent error that
is committed with many fine plants of thi<: chararier.
The tuberous-rooted Gesneras with beautiful foliage
as well as flowers should now be in luxuriant growth.
We do not cultivate them, from the simple reason that
they fail under the deleterious influences of fog and
smoke to which we are so subject duiing the time
they should be giving a good return with their
effective spikes of bloom. As Ihey advance towards
the flowering stage, apply water more freely wilh
stimulants at times. Gesneria Mercki is one of the
earliest to flower, being fine during the early part of
September ; G. zebrina will follow in a few more
weeks. These are two old varieties, but both well
worthy of cultivation. Late pots of Achimenes will
do service from a decorative point of view for some
few weeks to come ; those that are promising to yield
a good supply of bloom will repay for a little extra
attention. Gloxinias, now so easily obtainable of first-
rate quality from seed, have in a measure displaced
the Achimenes, requiring less labour to cultivate them
successfully ; the Gloxinias also having the advantage
of keeping fresh a greater length of time when u^ed
in a cut state. Seedlings of this year will continue to
yield a fair quantity of flower if kept in a growing
condition.

Greenhoush. — The early Roman Hyacinths, with
the Paper-white and Roman Narcissus, are already
advertised by the trade. The former cannot be too
strongly recommended either for use on the plant or
in a cut condition. The ease with which ihey can
be got into flower in a cold frame, even if the early
part of the winter be mild, is a strong recommenda-
tion in their favour. We hope soon to have ours
potted and stood in a cold frame, where the llgh's
can be put over them if desirable later on. La^t
season we kept them thus nearly on to Christmas, and
got them into flower without any trouble for that
season of the year. After potting up is completed
we give one good watering, and then cover the scil
v/ilh an inch or so of cocoa-fibre, keeping this covei-
ing medium moist by occasional damping dnwr.
The warmth of the sun's rays will penetrate the fibrr,
and induce an early start into growth. Schizosiyl s
coccinea, if In the open ground during this dry perird,
will need frequent waterings to keep them right at the
root. In a few weeks' time the stock of this beauti-
ful autumn flower had better be potted up. James
Hit Ison, Gunneribiiry House GatdcJis,

208

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Monday,

A,.« ,B / Special Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at
^- " I ^ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

C Basingstoke

Tuesday, Aug. iq i Sale ol first p.

I at Frothert

' Basingstoke Horticultural Show.

' t portion of Mr Bockctt's Orchids,
, , V "- . .^...eroe & Morris" Rooms.

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 20 — Shrewsbury great Floral Fete (two days).
Thursday. Aue. 21 \ ^P^^H Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at
" ^ Protheroe & Morns Kooms.

f Special Sale of Imported Orchids, at Pro-
I theroe & Morris' Rooms,

Friday.

Aug. 22

WHATEVER may be said of the hetero-
geneous collection of exhibits at the
" Healtheries," it cannot be denied that the
programme has been well carried out, and that
while the shop and show elements are largely —
perhaps too largely — represented, there is, at
the same time, the most interesting and in-
structive collection of subjects connected with
health, food, and dress, ever got together.
While the mere sightseer is amply provided
for, there still remains a vast amount of objects
worthy the attentive study of those who go to
learn as well as to see. We have on various
occasions called attention to numerous subjects
in which our readers are more or less specially
interested, though in the matter of health, its
maintenance and preservation, all alike have
equal concern.

Just at the present time special interest
attaches to what are popularly termed " mi-
crobes," a word of brand new coinage, but one
generally adopted for its convenience. Without
being scientifically accurate, it may be applied
loosely to all those excessively minute, and all
but universally distributed, " germs," to which
the various processes of fermentation are due.
We have had occasion to speak frequently of
their potent influence in promoting fermenta-
tions of various kinds, and to their agency in
converting some of the inert insoluble matters
in the soil into available plant-food. The
action of manures, especially of nitrogenous
manures, has been largely elucidated by the study
of these organisms. Their structure in all cases
is, so far as we know at present, of the utmost
simplicity, their size is the minutest that can be
recognised by the highest powers of the micro-
scope, often they can only be made apparent by
chemical means and the action of dyes ; their
form varies considerably. What they really are
is at present to a large extent a matter of con-
jecture. Probably they are forms of fungi exist-
ing, now in one form, now in another, according
to circumstances, checked by some means,
enormously multiplied and modified by others.
What gives them a special interest in the pre-
sent connection is that they are indubitably
connected with certain diseased conditions and
in some cases so intimately that there is
no reasonable doubt that they are the
actual causes of the diseased states
of plants and animals, and of which they are
found to be invariable concomitants. Their
study and investigation is no work for the mere
superficial dilcttajite. They require not only the
most delicate and accurate of means to demon-
strate their existence and modes of life, but the
most highly trained of observers to observe cor-
rectly. The study of Bacteria, therefore, is no
play-work, to be taken up by the amateur gazer
at microscopic objects or dabbler in test tubes ;
but it is one that necessitates the utmost per-
fection of means and the most accurate and
careful of observers. As in all such investiga-
tions, the researches and observations of one
man, however gifted, need to be repeated and
checked by repeated observations of others
equally well qualified.

Nor are the results likely to be at all dispro-
portionate to the excessive accuracy and
minuteness of observation required. The
arrest, if not the total destruction of such
diseases as phthisis, hydrophobia, various fevers,
small-pox, and many others, probably including
cholera, depends essentially upon the know-
ledge obtained in the manner indicated. The

whole subject is comparatively new, but the
directly practical results obtained have already
been very remarkable. For the first time the
efficiency of vaccination, properly carried out,
is rendered intelligible. It is no matter
for wonder that the lay public should
have objected to vaccination when it was
first proposed. To the average layman
it is even now simply the overwhelming
force of statistical facts in favour of the opera-
tion that have carried conviction. But such
conviction, after all, is feeble to the intellectual
man, compared with that derived from the
rational interpretation of the reason why the
process acts as a preventative. And this reason
why is afforded by the researches we have
alluded to, and by the much but thoughtlessly,
not to say ridiculously, abused processes of the
so-called vivisectionists.

A visit to the topmost floor of the City ol
London and Guilds' Institute of Technical
Education may at least do something to allay
the rabid and senseless outcries of the anti-
vaccinators and anti-vivisectionists, and tend to
show what really are the objects of the physio-
logist of the present day, and what are the
means he employs to unravel the nature and
source of disease, to combat it, and, still more
important, and with a much larger measure of
success, to prevent it.

The room is not easily found, and access to
it is not facile, but these difticulties are only a
fitting emblem of the enormous patience and
the refined skill requisite to make any satisfac-
tory progress in matters of such truly vital
importance. Arrived at the topmost floor, the
ordinary visitor sees merely a collection of
microscopes, a lot of test-tubes plugged with
cotton-wool, thermometers and balances, beak-
ers and other adjuncts of a chemical
laboratory, metal cases which turn out to
be machines for preserving an even temperature
for a lengthened period, whether below freezing
point or at boiling heat, blurred photographs,
diagrams and tabular statements. The gist of
the matter is, that certain processes of putrefac-
tion and fermentation have been shown to be,
as we have said, at any rate associated with, in
some cases caused by, the development of these
bodies, now called " microbes."

By some of the means here shown, access of
the microbes is entirely prevented, and neither
fermentation nor putrefaction makes its appear-
ance. By other means the microbes are " culti-
vated" by appropriate methods, the same in
principle as those practised by the gardener,
and fermentation and putrefaction infallibly
arise.

So true is this, that a particular kind of fer-
mentation (for there are several) can be with abso-
lute certainty produced by the means exhibited
in this topmost room. Equally certainly can
their reproduction be prevented and their
vitality destroyed. The great difficulty is the
isolation of those minute organisms and the
study of their habits and modes of life sepa-
rately—that is, apart from that of the numerous
other organisms that are present. It is as if the
observer were desirous of studying the life
history of one particular kind of grass in a
pasture full of all kinds of grasses and weeds.
By isolating the particular grass and grow-
ing it separately the observer can study
the life history of that particular grass, see how
it is affected by varying intensities of light and
heat and moisture, by association with other
plants, and by various conditions of manuring.
This is done on the large, and, so to speak,
coarse scale, in our Agricultural Institutes ; and
the same course is adopted, but necessarily on
an infinitely more delicate scale, in the physio-
logical laboratory attached to the Health Exhi-
bition. Vegetable pathology is not entirely
overlooked, for we find diagrams and prepara-
tions of Mr. WORTHINGTON SMITH, many of
which have bfeen dilated upon in these columns,
and we find also a Berbery bush inoculated by
Mr. Plowright with Puccinia from the Wheat

now producing a crop of the ^cidium on the
Berbery.

Taken for all in all, this exhibit in the garret
of the Health Exhibition, though probably the
least generally attractive spot in the whole
place, and the least significant to the casual
visitor, is the one most pregnant with interest,
so far as regards the physical welfare, not only
of the human race, but of all living beings
whatsoever for all time.

PiNUs UNCINATA. — We avail ourselves

of the kindness of the Kew authorities, who have
forwarded to us cones of this plant, to give a repre-
sentation of it. It has been considered by some as
identical with P. montana, P. Pumilio, in which,
however, the cone-scales are not reflected, and it
has received various names, such as P. mughus
and P. uncinata. Without cones it is indeed diffi-
cult to determine the form. We hesitate to reproduce
our notes on specimens in various Pineta under the
above names, owing to the absence of cones. As seen
at Kew, P. montana var. uncinata, or, as we prefer
for garden purposes to call it, simply P. uncinata, is a
low growing, densely branched, bushy tree, the trunk
covered with smoky-brown bark, branched to the
base, the lower branches spreading, decurved, and
upturned at the points. The young shoots are thick,
cylindric, clothed with leaves nearly to the base, and
pinkish-brown in colour. The buds are ovoid-acu-
minate, red, and covered with resin. The pairs of
leaves are erect, dark green. The male catkins
crowded, ovoid, oblong, about half an inch long,
yellow. The cones, with their peculiar recurved
scales, are shown in the illustration (fig. 42).
Whether it be, as probably is the case, a
mere form of P. montana or not, we think
it desirable in gardens to keep it separate,
owing to the peculiar character of the cones just
referred to. P. montana, as its name implies, is a
mountain form, native of the mountains of Central
Europe, Carniola and Spain. The variety uncinata
occurs, according to a note of Captain Cook in
Loudon's Arhoretum^ on both sides of the Pyrenees,
mixed with ths Silver Fir and the Scotch Pine, but
extending above them. Its timber is reputed to be of
high value for its resinous character and durability.
There are now scanty remains of this noble tree in
the French Pyrenees, where they have been almost
wholly eradicated by the barbarous improvidence of
the people [this was written in 1S37], but in Aragon
and Catalonia there are foresU still remaining, of vast
extent. Captain CoOK speaks highly of it as an orna-
mental tree from the intensely dark green of the
foliage, as well as the close and solid mass it forms,
and the habit of the tree where left at liberty to throw
out massy arms trailing on the ground. It is per-
fectly hardy, and as a screen or hedge to shut out
unsightly objects, or form a boundary, it would be
useful. Probably it would be a good seaside plant,
but on this point we have no information.

L.ELIA ELEGANS VARS.— Two lovely and

extreme forms of this variable plant come from
Walter Cobb, Esq., Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham.
The one, L. elegans alba, has snow-white flowers, with
handsome violet-crimson tip to the labellum ; and the
other, L. elegans prasiata, has rose-coloured sepals
and petals, and dark crimson labellum. Both are of
great beauty,

The Heat. — The papers abound with

records, more or less trustworthy, of the heat on
Monday last. In London, and at Ilillington, Norfolk,
a maximum of 93° in the shade was recorded, about
the same at Greenwich, where 150°.S in the sun were
noted, A thunderstorm near London on the morning
of the 1 2th did much to reduce the temperature to
more moderate limits, though it still continues un-
usually high. What will be the effect of this un-
usually intense heat and concomitant light ? is a
question that will suggest itself to many. To crops
that are already ripe or nearly so no doubt the effect
will be beneficial. Where the wood has been pro-
perly formed its consolidation will be accelerated.
In other cases it is to be feared that vegetation will
be prematurely checked before it has fully done its
work, and deficient quantity may result. The injury
to quality will probably be less, or it even may be
that this will be enhanced rather than otherwise.
The effect on the Potato disease is highly satisfac-
tory—it has put in an appearance, but it has not

August i6, 1884. 1

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

209

Fig. 42. — piNus uncinata. (see p. 208.)

spread. Now, therefore, is the time for a determined
effort to mitigate the pest — we cannot destroy it.
The Potato patches of the cottager, the odd corners
by railway stations and such-like places, are thought
not worth the attention of the gardener and farmer.
Yet they are, as has been well said, hotbeds of
disease, and at the same time it is in such places that
the disease can be detected and destroyed at once,
and its spread, if not prevented, at least delayed and

checked. Cottagers and other growers on the small
scale, where alone such preventive measures are pos-
sible, should be taught, encouraged, persuaded, com-
manded to utterly destroy, root and branch, isolated
diseased Potatos directly they see t-hem. The various
methods we have recommended may be tried as may
best suit particular individuals, probably the most
potent argument would be one founded on the pro-
spect of saving his own crop and securing healthy

seed for the future. While " altruism " makes such
slow progress among slovenly farmers it is too much
to expect that smaller growers would be influenced
by any more rapid growth of such sentiment, and,
therefore, it becomes necessary to appeal to their
intrinsic selfishness. Wheat, Barley, and Potatos are
likely to be over average this year. As we have said
before, if from the great heat the tubers may be small,
and the Wheat ears not plumped out, the quality may

2IO

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August i6, 1884.

be none the worse, but very probably better. Grass
and root crops will probably be below average.

Cosmopolitan Horticulture. — As an

illustration of the widespread interest in horticultural
pursuits, we may note that our columns during the
last few weeks have contained direct communications
from our own correspondents, not only in almost every
county of the British Isles, but from Norway, Sweden,
Denmark, Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, Holland,
Belgium, Portugal, France, the United States, from Bo-
gota, New Zealand, Australia, British India, Jamaica,
China, and Hong Kong.

— ^ Lawn Mowers. — We are informed that at
the trial at the Southport Horticultural Society, on
August 6, the Chadborn & Coldwell Company
were awarded the 1st prize for their Excelsior
machine,

DiPLADENiA Bkearleyana. — This lovely

climber has been throughout the summer — indeed,
since May last — one of the most interesting things at
Syon. Mr. WooDBRIDGE has it growing along the
roof of a low house, where it blooms with singular
freedom and beauty. For furnishing a supply of
bloom for some six months in constant succession it is
invaluable. The blooms are gathered individually,
and not in racemes, as otherwise a check might
be speedily given to the plant's flowering propen-
sities ; not a few of the stems showed that ten
and twelve blooms had already been gathered from
each, representing over the entire area of the plant a
large number. Most of these stems will no doubt
carry some half-dozen more blooms each. As all the
flowers open pale pink it is possible to vary the hues,
though without doubt the intense reddish-scarlet-
hued, old flowers are the most effective. Very beau-
tiful effects might be obtained by devoting a low span
house entirely to Dipladenias, Allamadas, and Lapa-
geriis, all trained neatly under the roof, for these
rank amongst the most beautiful stove climbers of the
day,

Royal Botanic Society.— The forty-fifth

anniversay meeting of this Society was held at the
gardens. Regent's P.ark, on the nth inst., with Mr.
J. P. Gassiot, Vice-President, in the chair. The
reports of the Council and Auditors gave a gratifying
account of the progress of the Society, the receipts
having reached ;^7045, against ^6651 for the preced-
ing year. The expenditure had also been heavy,
especially for new works, such as rebuilding the cor-
ridor and greenhouses, and additions to the tropical
or Palm-house. The facilities afforded to artists,
students, and all others desiring information, or assist-
ance, or specimens, had been much sought after, the
names of 743 professors, artists, and students being
on the books of the year as holding free admissions,
and 48,000 specimens had been given away. The
exhibitions held in the gardens have been very suc-
cessful, both as regards the number of visitors and the
quality of the plants and flowers exhibited,

Chinese Plant Acclimatisation in the

U.n'ited States. — We take the following from the
Times, but decline to be responsible for the accuracy
of the statements made : — Considerable interest is
being taken in America in the acclimatisation of
plants, and among them it is proposed to experiment
upon the aquatic vegetables of China, which are
valuable for food and economic purposes, and are
easily cultivated in Rice regions and marsh lands
generally where water does not freeze or freezes but
slightly. The most noteworthy are the Water Caltraps
(Trapa bicornuta) (Ling-chiaco), called the Water
Chestnut on account of its flavour, a pleasant fruit
that requires no cultivation and can bear a very
severe climate. The Water Lily (Nelumbium spe-
ciosum) appears to be identical with the Egyptian
B;;an of Pythagoras, and is much used for food, being
rich in starch, while both root-stock and seeds are
alike edible. Its leaves make capital wrapping paper,
and its flowers are strikingly gorgeous. The Chiao-
pai and the Chin-tsai are both varieties of the water
Celery, which are planted on Bamboo rafts covered
with mud, forming floating gardens similar to those
of ancient Mexico or modern Kashgar. A most use-
ful and valuable plant also is the T*ieh-shu, or Iron
tree, which has the curious property of absorbing and
assimilating iron ; and this is cleverly taken advantage
of when it shows signs of decadence, nails being driven
into its trunk, and thus giving a Dew lease of life, (?)

The Tiao-lan is another singular plant, which flowers
only when taken from the ground and suspended
from a ceiling. (?) The Chin-ch'i is the valuable
product known as " golden varnish," used to adorn
the glossy signboards of Chinese streets, and is fur-
nished by a tree called the Ch'i-shu, or Varnish tree ;
but it possesses an element of danger in a poison
which causes acute inflammation of the skin. Even
the native dealers in varnish cannot escape, though
they suffer less than foreigners, and particularly
Americans. The remedy of the country is rather
peculiar, being the application of crab's liver and a
decoction of Pine shavings.

Grapes at Svon. — That now rare Grape,

Royal Vineyard, is fruiting well just now at Syon,
though it would seem by the experience of it which
Mr. WOODBRIDGE has had that it is erratic when
young, and does better when a little more aged.
Indeed, Madresfield Court has been inarched on to
the Royal Vineyard, but it does not seem to like the
stock, as the growth is not robust, and the bunches,
though fairly good, yet will not colour, and the graft
is condemned. A graft of the even more erratic Duke
of Buccleuch has been put on the other side of the
Vine, and the bunches on that are poor. Seeing that
the Royal Vineyard is fruiting so well now, Mr.
WOODBRIDGE will probably give it a further trial un-
encumbered by grafts. Foster's Seedling is finely
coloured at Syon. Muscat of Alexandria, young
Vine fruiting well, and promising a grand crop next
year. Golden Champion is also fruiting finely. One
of the handsomest and deepest coloured of black
Grapes at Syon is Alnwick Seedling, and one mar-
vels to find this superb black Grape yet so little
grown. There are also good crops of Black Ham-
burghs and Lady Downe's ; and having regard to the
enormous consumption which goes on in the several
families supplied from Syon, it is evident that big
crops of Grapes are required. It is now found need-
ful to enlarge the kitchen gardens by some 2 acres— a
fact which indicates that this fine old place is not yet
doomed to the common fate of most good gardeiis
near London.

New South Wales Sandal Wood.— A corre-
spondent writing from Sydney, mentions a singular
use to which the Sandal-wood of the colony
(Myoporum platycarpum) is put. The tree, especi-
ally in the western part of the colony, near the
Lachlan River, exudes a saccharine juice which be-
comes hard. The aborigines are said to be
passionately fond of it, and will travel great distances
in search of it.

The Trees on the Victoria Embank-
ment.— These appear to show this year only too
evident signs of early ripening of the wood, the foliage
in the interior of them having taken on the colours
we are accustomed to associate with those of the
month of October. These are just such symptoms as
might be expected to be seen on trees suffering from a
deficiency of water at the root. The river flows at
their feet, but the newly made land on which they
stand is very loose and porous, besides being
covered with macadam and paving, so that the little
moisture permitted to reach the roots, through these
almost impervious layers, does but a sm.all amount of
good. Thorough soakings of water, given at weekly
intervals up to November, would be of infinite benefit
to these promising trees. In the future some means
should be sought to make the area for the roots larger
and also easier to water and feed with new soil, and
occasionally with manure ; for now that the beginning
of a fine avenue has been made, it were a great pity to
let a litttle extra expense interfere with its proper
development.

Shelter for Orchards.— During sundry

visits to the Midland, Eastern, and Southern counties
of England we have observed the beneficial effects of
abundant tree shelter in producing fair crops of Apples
and Pears this season. Low trees, those naturally
sheltered by their taller neighbours, seemed to be the
most prolific, whilst quite free standing pyramids or
bushes in gardens were usually bearing the worst
crops. The shelter of dense evergreen trees or of
mixed plantations has a double action, in that if the
shelter is found all round an orchard the blooming
period is retarded by reason of the absence of direct
sunlight, and therefore heat in the spring months, a
matter, as all practical men know, worth even more
than the shelter afforded by trees planted on east and

north to ward off the biting frosty winds from those
points whilst trees are in bloom. It is as a rule the
earliest flowerers that suffer from spring frosts, whether
that earliness is an inherent property of the tree or
has been the result of a kind of out-of-door forcing—
the effect of position. In low-lying sites there
is not much benefit to be derived from shelter of
any kind, the warmth of such places being rather
increased than otherwise by all-round shelter ; but
then such positions should, whenever possible, be
avoided for orchards. People see Plums doing well
on the river sides in western England, especially on
the Severn and its estuary ; but that is a portion of the
country which enjoys a maximum of warmth in the
spring and summer months from the influx of the
Gulf Stream, which is materially felt beyond even the
reach of the tidal waters of the Severn. This fact
may not have been known to those who have planted
the Plum in lowlands in parts untouched by that
warmth-giving body of water.

Paper Making Materials.— In connec-
tion with this subject (see Gardeners Chroniele, vol.
xxi., n. s., p. 700, lor May 31 last) Dr. King, in
his Report on the Royal Botanic Garden, Cal-
cutta, for 1S83 — 4, dated April 19, 1SS4, says : —
" Some months ago I cut some branches of a paper
Mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), two years old,
and had the bark removed. "The latter was reported
on by a paper-maker, and pronounced, as I expected,
an admirable paper material. Experience in this
garden has already proved that this tree grows easily
and rapidly in Lower Bengal, and I am assured by
Mr. Maries, superintendent of the gardens of his
Highness the Maharajah of DuRBHUNGA, that it
also grows well at Durbhunga, a much drier part of
the province. If, therefore, villagers would take to
growing this tree by the borders of their gardens and
in the odd corners and scraps of ground in which
Bengal abounds, there is a reasonable prospect that
the province might produce in quantity one of the
very best paper fibres known — a fibre at once strong
and line, and that has the great merit of requiring
very little bleach. With the view of extending the
cultivation of the tree I am having thousands of young
plants prepared for issue and for planting out in blank
spots along the garden boundary." Another paper
material referred to by Dr. King is the Sabain-grass
(Andropogon involulus, Steud. — Pollinia eriopoda,
Hance), consignments of which, he says, have been
received from various quarters, proving its extensive
distribution in quantity in various parts of the province.
There is no doubt whatever as to the suitability of
this grass as a paper fibre, provided it can be laid
down cheaply enough at the mill. Unfortunately,
however, the grass alTects districts where water car-
riage does not exist, and for cheap raw material, such
as that for paper must necessarily be, any other kind
of carriage acts as a prohibitive tax.

Pelargonium (Decorative) Dresden

China. — It is claimed for this singularly distinct
Pelargonium that it is a />ona f'uU seedling and
not a sport. It was raised (as has already
been stated) by the Rev. A. Rawson, formerly
of Bromley Common, and now of Fullbarrow,
Windermere. Unfortunately, when it was shown
by Mr. Turner, at the liegent's Park, a
short time agf^, the plant had produced trusses of
bloom of a totally different character, and of a some-
what common looking decorative type. The obvious
conclusion was that the striped flowers had sported
from this, but it is now seen to be exactly the reverse,
and we cannot but regret that such a charming
variety has such a bad habit of sporting. It may be
that over-feeding has something to do with this, and
the plants at Slough will be found to flower much
more according to their true character as the summer
advances. The Rev. A. Rawson has just bloomed
a seedling which is also of a striped character, but
having lines of a bluish tint, instead of red, on a white
ground. If this should prove constant it will be a
great acquisition ; one thing is quite certain, we are
gradually reaching on towards the attainment of a sec-
tion of distinctly striped large flowering PclargoniuTis.

Cutting Back Treatment of Old

Plants. — The most common practice with over-
grown, leg^y specimens of hardwood greenhouse
and stove plants is to cut back these just as Ihry,
under ordinary circumstances, would break into
growth. The practice of pruning back into the oldest
wood in the early autumn months instead, has proved

August i6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

211

benciicial in many cases where it has been tried on
Camellias, Lagerstiumia indica, Clelhra arborea,
Acacias, Melaleucas, Theophrastas, Ficus in variety,
Cacao, Bombyx, Dracrenas, &c. ; and these having
been afterwards kept moderately dry and not exposed
to any high or unsuitable temperatures, broke in in-
numerable places on the old shoots and stems. Many
plants, when so piuned, were quite without foliage,
in fact, the best results followed when every leaf-
bearing shoot was cut away, for when any such are
left there appears to be a tendency for such shoots
ti start into growth when the plant becomes ex-
cited by returning warmth in the spring, as well as
under artitieial excitation. Under these circumstances
the shoots protruded from the old wood, in which
situations these are most desired, become much re-
duced in numbers. It is belter to keep green-
house plants in semi-daik places, where the sun has
no power, nor light either, to stimulate the plants
into growth before April. Such localities are best
alVoided by a straw-thalched and matted structure
than one made of brick or other impervious material.
So long as such a building is proof against hard frosts
it is better for the plants, as there the air can never
become unfavourably dry, owing to the free entry of
the moist outer air in the months from September to
March. Plants belonging to the stove and inter-
mediate houses are better kept in the shadier parts of
h:»use?, where a night temperature of 50° is not ex-
ceeded, and where they are not liable to drip, or to
the play of the syringe, as the object should be to
keep them also as long in a comparatively inactive
state as possible. That complete inactivity does not
prevail in either cool or warm house subjects under
this treatment, is proved by the growing wartiness of
the rind, which can only be felt at first by passing the
hand over the branches, but which becomes visible
early in February, by a great number of pointed pro-
tuberances in the rind itself, that point to the coming
shoots which are very gradually developing below,
and in the bark itself. With cut-back plants potting
or tubbing should slightly precede the actual bursting
forth of the growth, the roots having by that period
gained some slight degree of visible activity. If
deferred till actual branch growth has begun, many
rootlets and root leaders must be cut o(T or get broken
olT in the operation, which represent just so much
wasted force. Generally it will be found advisable to
compensate the loss of branches by cutting away some
of the more inert and fibrous portion of the roots
when repotting, as roots will then be rapidly replaced,
that will do their work better than the old ones,
besides correcting the disproportion between the
sizes of the plant and the receptacle.

— — New Cattleya. — An extraordinary variety,
evidently a natural hybrid between C, aurea and a
variety of C. gigas — probably Sanderiana— is now in
bloom in the collection of George Hardy, Esq.,
Pickering Lodge, Timperley, Cheshire. In form
and size it is a magnificent thing, and in the richness
of the labellum it is just what might be expected from
the blending of the bright orange veining in the
throat of C. aurea with the expanded rich crimson
lower half of the other parent. It is wonderfully
beautiful and sweet.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent

Institution. — In our number for August 2 we men-
tioned that Captain Hargreaves had generously
consented to throw open his grounds at The Mount,
Bishopstoke, on Bank Holiday, for the purpose of
increasing the Pension Augmentation Fund of this
valuable Institution, Captain Hargreaves also fur-
nishing a band on the occasion. We now learn that,
thanks to the generosity of Captain Hargreaves,
and the energy of his gardener, Mr. George Forty,
the/cVt; proved a success, and that a sum of £22. \<,s,
was obtained for the purpose above-mentioned. We
sincerely trust that this excellent example will be
largely followed.

The Plague of Caterpillars in the

RilONDDA Valley. — Respecting the great swarms of
caterpillars which have been devastating the Rhondda
Valley, in South Wales, Mr. A. G. Bourne,
Assistant Professor of Zoology in University College,
London, says, "Specimens of these were forwarded
to me for examination, and have proved to be the
larva of Heliopbobus popularis, a nocturnal moth not
uncommon in England, an identification for which I
am indebted to Mr. S. O. Ridley, of the British
Museum. This moth, which is commonly known

as the "Feathered Gothic," and some of its allies,
among which I may mention Chcereas graminis, the
" Antler " moth, are entirely grass feeders. As in the
case with all such forms, they will ultimately turn into
chrysalids — aquiescentstage — afterwhich they become
developed into the moth or perfect insect ; and in this
stage, and then alone, the eggs are laid. There need,
therefore, be no fear that they will be carried, or in
any way spread, by the crows ; on the contrary, the
crow will here be the farmer's best friend, and prove
a most ellicient agent in destroying them. There,
further, is no need for any apprehension so far as the
sheep are concerned ; they will not touch them in
any way. As to the chances of these caterpillars
appearing another year in swarms in the same district,
little can be certainly said ; but it is more likely than
not that next year none, or very few, will be seen."

Large Gooseberries. — We append a list

of some of the largest specimens of these favourite
fruits of our Lancashire friends that were shown at the
Royal Botanic Society's Gardens, Old Traft'ord, Man-
chester, on August 4 : —

Twin Berries.

Mr. John Boot had Lord Derby, red fruit ; weight,
38 dwt. 5 gr.

Mr. B. Cheadle, High Sheriff, yellow fruit ; weight,
36 dwt. 12 gr.

Mr. W. Riley, Stockwell, green fruit ;] weight,
35 dwt. 14 gr.

Mr. R. Parker, Antagonist, white fruit ; weight,
31 dwt. 21 gr.

Single Berries.

Mr. J, Boot showed the premier prize red Gooseberry,
Bobby ; weight, 26 dwt. 14 gr.

Mr. J . Torkington the premier yellow, Ringer ; weight,
24 dwt. 3 gr.

Mr. G. Beck the premier green, Shiner ; weight,

24 dwt. 12 gr.

Mr. Roger Parker the premier white. Antagonist ;
weight 23 dwt. 16 gr.

The Stewards' Prize was secured by Mr. E. Salisbury,
lor the red fruit Lord Derby, having a weight of 26 dwt.
2gr.

Some good weights were found in the red-fruited
class, Mr. G. Beckett having Clayton, of 26 dwt,
S gr. weight ; Mr. J. Warburton showed London, of

25 dwt. 20 gr. ; Mr. J. Boots showed Lord Derby, of
25 dwt. 19 gr. Some other excellent weights were
exhibited, but we discovered nothing amongst them
worthy of particular notice, or that even come up to
those of which we possess particulars.

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Aug. II, 1S84, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has been generally cloudy or dull in
the extreme western and northern parts of the king-
dom, but exceptionally fine and bright elsewhere.
Towards the close of the period, however, thunder
and lightning were experienced, though but little rain
fell. The temperature has been high in all districts,
being as much as 7'' in excess of the mean in " Eng-
land, S.," and between 4° and 6° inmost other dis-
tricts. The maxima, which were generally registered
on the nth, varied from 73° in " Scotland, N,," and
76" in Ireland, to 92° in " England, S.," and the
" Midland Counties" {in London and at Bawtrey),
and to 93° in " England, K." (at Hillington). The
minima, which were recorded on the 5th, were rela-
tively very low; in the "Midland Counties" the
thermometer descended to 40% and in "England,
N.W.," to 41% while in most other districts it
fell to between 42° and 47°. In " Scotland,
N." and the " Channel Islands," however, the
minima were now lower than 50" and 54''
respectively. The range of temperature during the
week has thus been unusually large, that at Bawtrey
being 52*, and that at Hillington 50°. The rainfall
has been less than the mean in all districts. Bright
sunshine has been (except in "Scotland, N.") more
prevalent than for some weeks past, the percentages
of possible duration varying from 70 in the " Channel
Islands," 6S in " England, E.," and 67 in " England,
S.W.," to 39 in " Ireland, S.," and " Scotland, E.,"
and to 26* in " Scotland, N." Depressions observed.
— Until the last day of the period pressure was highest
over the Gulf of Bothnia, and relatively low in our
islands. No depressions, however (beyond a few
shallow thunderstorm disturbances) appeared over
the United Kingdom, where the barometer was very
uniform and comparatively steady. The winds were
consequently light in force, and variable — but chiefly
between south-east and north-east — in direction,

BROXBOURNE.

I had heard some rumours of the upheaval of a
long mountain range not far from London, and I was
also told that in an incredibly short space of time it
had become clothed with the choicest alpine flowers,
and that they were nourishing there in abundance.
The rumours seemed too good to be true, and it was
impossible not to wish to see all this, and to examine
it for myself. The chance was at last given to me,
and a run of less than 20 miles from London brought
me to the Broxbourne range and into the midst of the
flora of Switzerland. Unless I am much mistaken
about it Mr. George Paul is laying the foundations
broad and deep of a very big concern, and in the
course of a few years he will have everything there in
its right place and order.

The alpine garden is formed of huge blocks of stone
which are put together in a very natural manner, and
which run north and south for a distance of some
260 feet. The breadth of this large construction is
from 36 to 40 feet, and when it is considered that
about a quarter of an acre is covered in this sort of
way it will be seen at once what a great undertaking
it is. I should say that no expense has been spared
at all, and the whole thing has been well done, and
so as to last for ever.

There will be a grand opportunity here for those
who take an interest in different sorts of soil and
different kinds of rock to test the theories they enter-
tain. Limestone, sandstone, granite, peat, sand,
loam, all these have been put under tribute in one
way or another, and Mr. G. Paul means to tabulate
his results, and to form an opinion of his own, after
experiments of his own, of the best course of pro-
cedure with many different plants. It need not be
added that the value of all this will be immense. An
ounce of practice is worth a ton of mere theorising,
and in nothing is it more so than with plants.
When my friend tells us in the future what he has
done, and also adds to it how he has done it, we
shall have something very solid to go upon. A
skilful method of irrigation has been introduced into
the rockery, and for the future drought will not bring
destruction along with it ; but all this has been so care-
fully hidden that there is no eyesore at all. I was
glad to find that the wonderful collection of alpine
plants so well grown by the late Mr, James Atkins
of Pamswick had come into Mr. Paul's hands.
Nothing better could by any possibility have hap-
pened to make a good start for him. Such things as the
specimens I saw of Saxifraga Tombeanensis and S.
Vandelli, which were grown by Mr. Atkins, attest the
labour of years. Large pots were well filled with the
choicest productions, and much lime has been saved
at Broxbourne by the acquisition of these and other
similar rarities. The person who has sixty large
specimens of Pulmonaria dahurica may be felicitated
on his acquisition, and must stand, I should say, quite
alone in the country unless my experience about these
things is largely at fault. Here and there wecan jast
meet with it, but sixty large specimens are hardly to
be dreamt of at all, and yet they have passed into
Mr. Paul's hands from the collection at Palnswick !
What a sweet pretty little flower this Pulmonaria is !
The blue is so bright, and its habit is so good that
one takes to it readily. I saw it first in the late Mr.
Harpur Crewe's garden, and I have never been with-
out it since then, but it will not do everywhere
and anyhow. Mr. Paul has got hold of the right
secret of growing it, and his little lumpy bits of peat
mixed with sand and with loam will probably satisfy
it. On the rockery 1 noticed many of the elite of the
alpine world, at any rate of the alpine world with
which I am acquainted. That most delicately marked
flower of all — I refer to Omphalodes LuciliD^ —was here
with its soft blue patches shading off into white as
though it were made of the costliest porcelain. Cam-
panula pulla was preparing to run riot over the place,
for where it does at all it does well, and takes complete
possession of the spot. Androsaces were well repre-
sented, and I think where they get on well it may be
taken for granted that anything will get on in
the way of alpine plants. To my thinking, what they
care most for is that they have the right sort of sand,
and their little delicate roots must never be stopped
short, and never be allowed to get dry. A bit of
glass placed over the heads of some few of them does
good in wet weather, and Androsace carnea repays
one fully in the spring for any little attention it may
have received during the dreary months of the
winter.

212

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August i6, 1SS4.

Mr. Paul seemed to me to be strong in Androsaces,
and I believe I noticed here, in addition to Androsace
carnea, several others, such as A. helvetica, A. Lag-
geri, and A, chamxjasme. It is refreshing to think
that such undeniable little gems as these are now
coming to the front, and that they can hold their own,
albeit there is nothing at all glaring about them either
of yellow or red. Who does not love Primulas ? The
earnest gardener at Broxbourne is very attentively
considering their wants, and if those which he has
now may be taken at all as representative plants, I
should think that (he whole family will more or less
fall in with his ideas of their welfare. I noticed that
Primula mollis, P. Clusii, P. spectabilis, and P.
minima declared themselves to be quite happy
under his care. I saw one plant, and I think
it was only one, that assuredly meant to "go off."
There are certain indications which declare a state of
uneasiness, soon to be followed by one of actual
failing, which mean death for our favourites. Pyxid-
anthera barbulata was in a plight of this sort. It
was longing for its American Pine barrens, and I
think Mr. Paul had not allowed enough for its shade-
loving fancies and its wish to be cool at the roots : but
this is a rarity of rarities in this country. Only
once have I ever seen it completely at home, and
doing as well as could be desired, but it is a very
uncommon thing indeed to meet with this luck. If
Mr, Paul is for the moment beaten by Pyxidanthera
barbulata, he need not take it to heart overmuch.
A little American plant of a different sort was prosper-
ing greatly — I refer to Houstonia serpyllifolia — it
was new to me, though its congener, Houstonia
coerulea, is on terms of the closest familiarity. I like
H. serpyllifolia the best of the two, and I was very
much charmed with it. The little starry blossoms of
clear blue are very pretty indeed and there is a
decidedness about them which sets them off more
than the washed-out look of the other. Saxifraga
sancta was clothing the rocks with the loveliest green.
This Saxifraga is so bright and so neat that it must
also be valued, and S. aretioides primulina should
always have a place as one of the best of them.
Both were doing well on the mountains of Broxbourne,
and with several others S. longifolia and S. Lantoscana
were preparing to send forth their large plumes of
blossom. Anemone vernalis was giving promise of
very great interest. Its shaggy calyx seems made
for the resistance of cold at high elevations, and
gives a feature to it of unusual worth. It is not very
often met with among us, but there are no unusual
difficulties about it which should cause it to be scarce.
I think Mr. Paul will soon have plenty of it. He
already grows it successfully.

But my notes must come to an end about this
interesting rockery. Let me give just a bare list of
names, all of which stood for something last spring :
— Thalictrum anemonoides fl.-pl., Geum montanum,
Narcissus montanus, Gentiana imbricata, /Ethioneraa
iberideum, Linaria anticaria, Saxifraga raarginata
(with red stems), Hutchinsia stylosa, Coptis brachy-
petala, Oxalis oneaphylla, Boralia subacaulis, Sold-
anella minima alba, and last, but not least. Astra-
galus hypoglottis alba, were all doing well. I admired
this Astragalus very much, and I had never seen the
white form of it before.

It must not be understood that the rockery is the
only thing which one goes to Broxbourne to see.
Many acres have been laid down for the reception of
herbaceous plants. Mr. Paul has taken the whole
vegetable kingdom under his wing ; but it was impos-
sible in a rapid survey to get through it all, or for
one's brain to retain it with accuracy. I remember
some French Ranunculuses — the single far more so
than the double — with which I was very much
pleased, and 1 think they should be more widely
known than is at present the case. But I have said
enough to show that a new power is rising among us,
and that the cultivation of alpine and herbaceous
plants will have another great impetus. I was well-nigh
distressed the other day to find that a great nursery-
man on the west side of London was going to revert
to red Pelargoniums and yellow Calceolarias. The
stream of bad taste had set in so strongly with Lon-
doners, he thought it best to go with it. Alpine plants
were at a discount with him ; herbaceous stuff, as it is
sometimes called, was quite out of esteem. It was
the first and indeed the only instance of such a thing
I have met with. The notions of Mr. George Paul
are happily the very reverse. According to him the
tide is rising high and the current of popular interest
throughout the kingdom is largely in favour of

intelligent gardening. I am sure I hope he is right,
even though London has taken a retrograde step.
The establishment of another large nursery of the
right sort will tend towards the improvement of taste
and so far from there being an injury done by it to
those which are existing already, it may be believed
that we are only now on the very threshold of a large
and rational progress in horticultural matters, and
that anything which helps it on helps those on who
are at all interested in it.

I just had time to scamper through the famous
Rose gardens. When I was there it was too soon
for much blossom. What a profusion of beauty and
fragrance they must have at this season. I was glad
to find, from Mr. Paul, that he was working up the
different species of Roses j already he has made good
advance. I met with Rosa berberidifolia var. Hardii
in this nursery, which I have never found anywhere
else — some of his houses were splendid,

Mr. Paul was also amusing himself with Ixias and
Cape bulbs j he may be able to get them to live, but
if he carries off his due share of the highest prizes for
Roses, and if he also attains to celebrity about her-
baceous and alpine plants, I think he will have his

is that of the prairie dog, which we are informed
now breeds in Epping Forest, where its whelps are
easily mistaken for little foxes.

During the last two years we have received from
several correspondents, specimens, in different states
of development, of a South American grasshopper
Copiophora cornuta) found alive in and about hot
greenhouses in this country, doubtless introduced
either in the egg or very young state with the earth
in which exotic plants had been planted and sent
on amongst their foliage. Our figure (fig. 43)
represents a spray of an Azalea, of which the buds
and bloom were spoiled in February last by the
gnawing of a partially developed specimen of this
insect, sent to us by Mr. Joseph Bates, of the Oxford
Nursery. The insect is figured very slightly larger
than its natural size. It is entirely of a very
delicate pea-green colour, with a sharp erect frontal
spine and with very powerful jet-black jaws, not seen
in the figure, as the head of the insect is oblique and
rests upon the front of the chest and with the face
quite Hat. The antennce are very long and slender,
the rudimental wing-covers small, and the ovipositor
longer than the abdominal part of the body, which

Fig. 43.— a south American visitor, fond of azaleas (copioi'Iiora cornuta.)

hands full, and he will have a very wide range of

interest for those who pay him a visit. A Wanderer,

{To be continued.')

ENTOMOLOGY.

Copiophora cornuta. — The introduction of
exotic animals or plants, their acclimatisation, and
beneficial or detrimental action, involve questions
of much interest both scientific and practical ;
thus the introduction of the common house sparrow,
both into the United States and New South
Wales, has entirely succeeded, so far as its acclimati-
sation in both countries is concerned, but it has in
both already become a perfect pest. The Ligurian
hive bee has been introduced and thrives well
with us. Our common white butterfly has so
much multiplied in the United States that it has
become a nuisance ; whilst the scarce swallow-tail
butterfly (Papilio Podalirius), although various
attempts have been made to introduce it into our
southern counties, and specimens bred here have been
captured at large (but have been satisfactorily proved
to have been brought here in the chrysalis state), has
always failed to perpetuate its species. The latest
introduction into this country of which we have heard

has a bright orange dorsal longitudinal stripe.
Another specimen in the same condition was cap-
tured in an Orchid-house. A very fine male, with
the wings and wing-covers fully developed, was taken
alive in a greenhouse, and a fully grown female
(represented full sized in fig. 44) was sent us
from Skaffan, Kildare, having been caught on a
bed of Gardenias planted out at the end of last May,
where it was engaged eating the buds, which it closely
resembled in colour. It measures 3 inches on the
expansion of its wings, its body is \\ inch long, and
its ovipositor is 2j inches long. The face is conical,
with a marginal row of small tubercles on each side.
/. O. IVesUvood.

Natural History.

Migration of Birds.— In several works on
natural history the migration of birds has been attri-
buted to innate restlessness. The author of a German
book on Bird Life insists on the restlessness of
migrants at the period of the "passage." "Cage
birds," says Dr. Brehm, "though well fed and kepi
warm, are seized with the same longing as their wild
relations when the season for departure comes round.
As long as the ' passage ' lasts they are restless in
their cages. Those that usually travel *t night may

August i6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

213

be observed fluttering uneasily all night long, sleeping
little, singing seldom, calling uninterruptedly. And
this is the case not only with birds which have been
caught when full grown, but also with young birds
which were taken from the nest and can know
nothing of winter and its hardships. They are all
alike restless during the season of migration, and they
again become quiet as soon as it is over." So says
Dr. Brehm, but perhaps the particular kind of rest-
lessness he describes requires confirmation. Birds
are sometimes restless no doubt. The writer once
possessed a raven, a grave, deliberate, aggravating
bird, that was usually occupied in various kinds of
mischief within the boundary of the homestead. He
never roamed far, except in February, when he was
invariably lost, and recovered by advertisement in the
local papers. In February ravens seek a mate, and
perhaps migration may be due to some impelling
motive. Science has afforded the true solution of
many mysteries which were articles of faith in former
days, and the replacing of truth for error is certainly
a gain. Ur. Brehm is a most interesting and pic-
turesque writer, but his mystery-making may be
challenged without compunction. He compares the
crossbill to a gipsy for its habits of wandering, and
thinks those habits are inherent ; but the wandering
propensities of gipsies might be cured by means of a

the welfare of the race under all circumstances, and
which cannot be prevented. Few samples of an
unpreventible instinct which nothing can alter are
more remarkable than the sudden change which
occurs in the habits and conduct of the common
wood pigeon when, in spring, the great flocks
of this bird suddenly break up. During the
winter months the cushat is one o( the most
shy and wary of birds, flocking with others, and
passing from one locality to another, according to
the supply of food which different neighbourhoods
may afford. He migrates from Oak wood country to
Beech wood country, and thence into cultivated
fields, wherever Acorns, Beech mast. Ivy berries,
scattered grain, or Turnip-tops and green Clover may
be found ; and he remains during the whole time, the
most alert and watchful of birds, and as mute as the
capercailzie. Except for a few months in the year,
the wood pigeon is entirely without voice or note-
Suddenly, as by concerted signal, the pairing and dis.
persion take place, and the whole character of the
bird alters at once. He was wild and he becomes
tame, he was mute and he begins to coo 1

In token of the change which overcomes the cushat
at this season, he often moves for the nesting from the
most secluded haunts to those which are most
frequented, placing his nest frequently in gardens and

Fig. 44. — THE SOUTH AMERICAN VISITOR'S WIFE, PARTIAL TO GARDENIAS. (SEE P. 212.)

sufficient bribe. Increase the capital of a wandering
tinker, and he would soon be found a blacksmith
with a shop, or if he were wedded to his old life
his descendants would not be so. Nor would the
crossbill wander so much if the seed of the Fir were
more abundant. He moves from place to place for
the sake of food ; but a passion of wandering for the
sake of wandering does not perhaps exist among
birds. The wingless penguins leave Tierra del Fuego
after the breeding season and swim for dear life, but
they have a distinct motive for their flight. We all
know how the songsters from beyond seas wander,
and how regularly they visit us in spring and then
depart again ; and stranger still, that harsh voiced
bird, the corncrake or land-rail is one of the most
incorrigible wanderers, crossing several continents,
and penetrating Africa, in spite of its weak legs and
weaker wings, further than the great explorers have
yet reached j and it does these long journeys every
season, too, comes home unseen, and *' crakes " in
the same field as last year. And all these long
journeys are for the sake of food, and are, in a sense,
accidental.

It must be admitted that hunger is a primary
motive, but migration, though caused by hunger, is
not a necessary instinct common to all birds, since
many species in favoured countries can find their
food at home, and therefore do not wander. Migra-
tion may be regarded as an accidental instinct com-
pared with those which are absolutely necessary to

shrubberies, close to walks that are in daily use.
Even the rook — a far more domestic bird than the
wood pigeon — is hardly more tame than he is during
the breeding season. This describes a primary and
unalterable instinct. Migration is an instinct of a
very different kind. Circumstances have induced it
in some birds, others do not need it, and it is readily
laid aside ; but it does not appear to be due to
"innate restlessness," and most of the "mystery"
connected with the wonderful phenomena of migra-
tion vanishes on close examination.

It is pleasing to reflect in connection with the
migration of birds on the joy they experience while
paying us their annual visit. They are no longer
netted by bird-catchers by tens of thousands on the
downs as soon as they arrive. They receive not
merely the welcome of the humane, but the protec-
tion of our laws, and they live in clover while they
are here — speaking of the summer migrants — since
all sorts of grubs and insects, as well as fruit and
seeds and corn abound. There are certainly some
marvels connected with the subject of migration.
Short migrations, it is true, are easily accounted for ;
but the long flights of storks and geese are
not so. The theory of " hereditary memory,"
which seems to explain these flights, cannot
be discussed here, and only resolves one marvel
by means of a greater. It is surprising, too, that the
same pair of swallows, which in March were at
Cairo, should now be twittering in the same chimney

as last year here in England. The sand martin, loo,
knows the hole of the sandbank where it nested
last year, and enters it without hesitation. Starlings
in Germany return after absence to the breeding
boxes, which are hospitably provided lor them on the
tops of poles in the gardens, and take possession of
their former homes at once, creeping in and out with
all the confidence of ownership. One more example of
the marvellous observation of locality which enables
birds to return to old spots must suffice. A bird
fancier reared two chaffinches, and plucked a few
feathers from their breasts to ascertain the sex. As
soon as the grey plumage of the female bird appeared
he set her at liberty, and then hung the male bird
outside his window in its cage. The hen came and
looked through the bars, and afterwards followed the
cage into the apartment and fed there till autumn,
when it migrated with other birds of the same kind.
But in spring she returned, and built her nest so as to
feed her young ones from the cage ; and during four
successive seasons she departed in autumn, but re-
turned punctually in spring, and built her nest and
reared her young as before. E.

CULTURAL EDUCATION IN
BELGIUM.

We had occasion some time since to mention the
plans and models of the Vilvorde School of Horticul-
ture, now exhibiting at the Health Exhibition. Con-
cerning this noteworthy establishment, M. Gillekens
recently read a paper in the Conference-room,

M. Gillekens stated that the rational culture of the
land had taken firm hold in Belgium, and in order to
develope it more and more and increase the national
wealth, the Government did not hesitate to introduce
into the programme of the normal schools and in
primary schools notions of agriculture, of horticulture,
and arboriculture. That was a wise measure, for no
one better than the teacher could prepare the child to
interest himself in the things which surrounded him,
and to make him apprehend all the advantages of a
country life. It would be the best check put upon
the tendency of the country folk to emigrate into the
centres of manufacture, which was the principal cause
of the decrease in value of rural property and the most
potent factor of pauperism. On account of its dense
population, its topographical position, its easy means
of communication, and the diversity of its soil, Bel-
gium was in a most favourable condition for undertak-
ing agriculture. It was incumbent upon the teacher
to popularise this culture and to show all its advan-
tages. This was all the easier to him inasmuch as he
would have imbibed notions of culture in the normal
school, and would be able to apply them in the garden
annexed to his school. Fair results had already been
obtained. This had been observed in the competi-
tions organised a few years ago by the Agricultural
Society of Brabant and the Agricultural Society of the
province of Namur, among the primary schools. The
former organised competitions in agricultural instruc-
tion and hygiene among the normal schools of several
cantons. The programme of elementary notions of
agriculture and arboriculture in primary and inter-
mediate schools properly so-called embraced all that
related to tillable soil, to subsoils, to the improvement
of land, weeding, hoeing, to manures, the choice of
seeds, the cultivation of vegetables, the care to be
given, stock, the multiplication and the trimming of
fruit trees. In fact, the teaching of agriculture and
arboriculture in the lower, middle, and normal
schools of Belgium embraced all that was necessary
for the ordinary farmer to understand. The school-
master, he said, must be a bond of union between
scientists and the farmer, that the latter might reap
the benefit of all progress made by the former.
Farmers must be made to understand the advan-
tages of serious cultivation, which would add to the
sum of ordinary labour while increasing personal and
national wealth.

We have also adverted to the way in which the
French, as shown in their exhibits, show practically
the methods and procedures of cultivation, of grafting
and pruning fruit trees, the nature of insect and fungus
injuries, and the remedies for them. This is all done
not only by books and diagrams, but by actual
specimens. Oftener than we care to recal we
have advocated the introduction into our rural
schools of educational methods of this character and
instruction of a more advanced character adapted for
pupils of more advanced age. We have pointed out

214

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AlGUST i6, 1884.

how horlicultural societies throughout the country
fail in their duty in this matter. Their one idea is to
get up one or two shows, supplemented by fireworks
or any other attraction — well and good, we have
no'.hing to urge against this, but it should be supple-
mented by practical teaching of the kind indicated.
Those who are disposed to look into this matter for
themselves will find a visit to the educational section
of the Health Exhibition, contained in the new City
of London and Guilds Institute amply repay them
for the trouble of finding the exhibit in the overgrown
IleaUheries.

J4o/v^£ f ORREpPOj^lDE^ICE.

The Heat. — We may not get such a drj', hot
summer as the present for some years. What will the
knowing pro^nosticators say now that polar ice has
not got pushed down to the Thames mouth, and the
newest glacial period is postponed for at least six
months ? At any rate, good Lettuces and saladings
are also things of the future, for there is little to be
seen in gardens or markets, and he must be a great
believer in the efficacy of water who succeeds now in
getting these much-desired items. In Continental
market gardens, streams of water brought from a river
by pumps, gravitation, or some inexpensive con-
trivances, run all through the land. As soon as the
old crop is done with the land is dug with the spade —
and such aspade !— often half of wood — laid out in flat
lands, with a shallow water channel on either side,
made water-tight enough by patting and smoothing
with the aforesaid implement, water being then run in
till the channel is 6 inches deep, A few bare-legged
folks — men or women — with magnified soup ladles o(
tin fixed to long handles fling the water out of the
trench over the land, some of which also soaks into it
from the channel. It gets a deluge by that means,
and are then left for a day or so till it has lost its
stickiness, and then the plants, Lettuce, Kohl Rabi,
Cauliflowers, Cabbages, or whatever is wished to be
grown, are rapidly dibbled in, and all is watered again
in a lighter fashion, and afterwards at frequent inter-
vals if no rain falls. Our Fulham market growers
used to irrigate in somewhat a similar fashion years
ago, but these old gardens are bearing another crop
now, that which the speculating builders put on the
surface. With our better appliances, or by means of
horse-pumps and such like, water could be utilised
during hot, dry seasons like the present, much to the
mutual advantage of grower and consumer. Fifty
acres under Lettuces and Radishes or Cauliflowers
would represent a pocketful of money during this
month and the next. Magyar Ember.

Azalea sinensis.— This almost lost plant was
seen amongst Mr, C, Turner's collection of Azaleas
shown by him at one of the Crystal Palace spring
flower shows. The plant in question was well
bloomed, and not at all straggling in habit, the
shoots having been loosely tied in so as to make a
moderately compact plant. This may be demanded
by flower-shov; judges, but it is not so certain but
that many subjects which we never see on the exhi-
bition table excepting in irons would please more if
trained less stiflly. This is one of those plants that
look well in a room vase, where simple graciousncss
is preferred to primness and formal training or natural
habit. In this way A. sinensis beats A. mollis. It is
a self-willed plant, but whose floriferous habit and
bright or.ange-yeIlow colour entitle it to more general
cultivation. It will bear the same treatment as
Indian Azaleas, but is in best health when wintered
in a house that enjoys a temperature of from 45°
to 50°, A-,

Crested Violet,— In 1S71 there appeared a curious
form of Viola sylvatica here, with the leaves plaited
and crested, and one curious part in it was that it
appeared among the crested Ferns, and only there,
I sent a specimen to Mr. Baker, of Kew, who wrote
a short account of it in the Journal of Botany. In
the following number I sent a supplemental account,
in which I was able to mention two other places
where the same form had appeared, and also among
crested Ferns, The plant came up for two or three
years and then disappeared. This year it has again
shown itself in the same place. There are, perhaps,
ball a dozen plants, one of which I have sent to Kew,
and I enclose a leal of another. I do not mean to
say that the Violet was influenced by the Ferns, but
the coincidence is curious and worth recording. H. L.
Ellatciithe^ Bitton l^icara^c.

Clematis crispa.— I enclose a blossom of this
North American Clematis, from the Edinburgh
Botanic Garden, As it is probably quite hardy, it is
a valuable addition to climbing plants, its bell-shaped
pale lilac blossoms being quite distinct from most
kinds in cultivation, C, I\I. O.

Potatos in France. — That estimabl* French
horticulturist, M, Henri Vilmorin, who was one
afternoon last week a visitor for a short time to Chis-
wick, and thsrc met the members of the Seedling
Committee of the International Potato Exhibition,
informed them that in France the Potato crops were
looking remarkably well when he left there a few
days previously — that, as here, drought had been
largely prevalent, and that little or no disease had
been seen, M. Vilmorin mentioned that his house
were the possessors of one of the largest collec-
tions of Potatos in France, and that the progeni-
tors of this collection of kinds had been in their hands
since 1S15 ; and, as bearing on the interesting subject
of the wearing out of varieties, said that the Early
Marjolan or dwarf Walnut-leaf had been in their pos-
session all those years. The kind once known as
Sandringham Kidney, which was really our old
Walnut-leaf, had been found to bear the nearest
resemblance to the Marjolan of any that had come
under notice. This kind was formerly chiefly
grown for the French markets in the open ground, but
now its cultivation was mostly confined to pits and
frames, and Myatt's Ashleaf had been substituted,
M. Vilmorin's collection of Potatos consists now
of some 350 kinds, many being sorts preserved for a
number of years for the purpose of testing new kinds
with them. All the best new kinds are added from
year to year, and M, Vilmorin paid a high com-
pliment to English raisers by saying that whilst the
Americans had in their sorts remarkable productive-
ness, our raisers had excelled them in the production of
flavour and good table quality. In France rather
close yellow-flesh Potatos are most favoured ; hence
that country offers a poor market to our raisers. The
national habits and methods of cookery at present
offer insuperable obstacles to the introduction of choice
English Potatos, M, Vilmorin hopes to be able
to bring over samples of his large collection and
exhibit them at the International Potato Show, which
will be held early in October, A. D.

Rubus chamsemorus,- Dr, E, D. Clarke, in
his Travels in Scandinavia, chaps, xi., xii , gives
a very interesting account of this species of Rubus,
lately referred to in your columns. He says that
that the fruit is first scarlet and then yellow, and that
the flavour is best before they turn yellow, but much
improved by cooking. Dr. Clarke says that the
fruit has considerable medicinal virtues, and that it
cured him in Lapland from " a most obstinate
obstruction of the biliary duct accompanied by the
worst symptoms of that disorder ; " also that, " in its
natural state no fruit looks more beautiful." Although
in these islands it occurs only on a few of the higher
mountains in Scotland, it seems quite possible that it
might thrive in certain situations in England, Would
it not be worth a trial ? Alexander Nesbilt,

Nectaroscordum (see p, 174).— There is no such
plant as Nothoscordum siculum — Nectaroscordum
siculum is no doubt intended, Nectaroscordum is a
section of Allium, and has the Garlic scent highly
developed — Nothoscordum has no alliaceous scent at
all, J. G. B.

Eremurus aurantiacus.— It was not liberality,
but rather thankful recognition which induced me to
send at once a flowering plant of this to the Royal
Gardens, Kew. The seeds were distributed by the
authorities of that establishment now five years ago,
and with their usual liberality, and perhaps with the
idea that the climate of southern Germany was better
than that of England |for growing the plant, they
sent me a portion. At this moment the name is ques-
tionable, and perhaps may be changed. On this occa-
sion allow me to say a word as to the cultivation of
these stately plants : although growing in any soil,
they prefer loam or a rather heavy substantial mix-
ture, and should, at least in England, have a very
sunny and open position. Alter flowering the foliage
soon decays, and then the roots are ripe ; they must
not be left in the ground, but be taken up and pre-
served in very dry earth for about from six weeks
to two months. This causes the roots to shrivel and
checks growth, which must be prevented as long as
possible, or else the roots would thrive before winter,
and be damaged by water and snow filtering into the
crowns and causing decay. The roots are very brittle,
and care must be taken not to break them too much
when taking them up. Max Leiililliii, Baden-Baden.

The Potato Disease.— Mr. W. G, Smith seems
determined to remain unconvinced of the fact that
the disease spores enter Potatos through the skin.
Surely the evidence of the entrance of the fungoid
spores into the tubers from the soil is plain enough,
at least it is to all practical men, who have paid
attention to the subject. Why may not spores enter
the tender epidermis of newly forming tubers as well
as into the hard woody stems of the haulm? The
other day at Chiswick, when inspecting some new
kinds of Potatos in company with other Potato iavanls,
I took up a tuber on which were visible several

distinct disease spots as large as Peas. These spots
were just in and beneath the skin, but had not had
time to develope further. That they were of external
origin was as plain .as a pikestaff, and though some
may be ever so unwilling to believe, yet none could
doubt ; yet one of our number, whom I might for the
nonce dub a " Smithite," took out his knife, slit the
tuber clean through the centre, and exposed to view—
Ha ! Mr, Smith will rejoice toleirn, positive evidence
of the existence of fungoid spots or spores in
the inner channels which communicate with the
stem. What did that show .? That the external
spots were the product of the internal spores ?
Not a bit of it ; rather it evidenc:d that the unfor-
tunate tuber having developed small pox, had also
got an attack of cholera, and thus had been attacked
both internally and externally. That it must have
succumbed presently was obvious. The moral of this
example is this — that the fungoid spores under certain
conditions attack leaves and tubers in both ways
sometimes, and sometimes in one way only. I think
general experience will show that the attacks are
from the soil chiefly, and therein lies the very essence
of Mr. Jensen's theory— that for such manner of att.ick
protective moulding is the only remedy, A. D.

Yellow Annuals, — A favourite colour just now
with our lady friends is yellow. Looking over a
border of annuals to-day we were much struck with the
rare beauty of some of them, and think they are as
worthy of culture as more expensive plants. Cal-
liopsis Drummondii with its beautiful star-shaped
yellow flowers is lovely in a group. There is also
Bartonia aurea, and the yellow Sweet Sultan, with its
heads like large yellow tassels. For bouquets nothing
could be prettier, or less expensive, which latter is a
consideration nowadays. F.

Dendrobium superbiens.— I am informed by
Mr, Fitzgerald that Captain Broomfield assured him
of the occurrence of the Dendrobium, figured in the
Australian Orchids as D, superbiens, on the Prince
of Wales' Group, about 20 miles from the mainland
of Queensland, and 50 miles from New Guinea, and he
adds that it is also to be found sparingly on the nearest
mainland of Australia, Captain Broomfield cultivates
this splendid Orchid, and he considers it superior to
all his others in this— that it is the only one abso-
lutely always in flower, a raceme being obtainable at
any time, F. v. M.

Ha-ha Walls for Fruit Trees, — We do not
find these employed so much for the invisible division,
or, rather, separation of gardens from each other, or
from fields or park-land, since the introduction of
wire and light iron fencing. In Loudon's time it was
one of the burning questions with landscape gar-
deners, as they saw the propriety of making the divi-
sion between the garden proper and the adjoining
land, and much money, time, and temper too were
lost in making what to us of to-day seems an exceed-
ingly simple matter. We can enjoy distant prospects
over our neighbour's properly by having an almost
invisible fence, instead of a moat and wall. In many
instances about the country these latter remain, and
where the planting of them with fruit trees would not
be incongruous, and the position would not be any
point to the north, they might be used for that pur-
pose. The trees— Pears, Apples, Apricots, or others
— are best planted in the land at the top of the wall
after it has received suitable preparation. The stem
is then carried over the top of the wall, and cut back
when it has extended far enough to allow the resulting
shoots to be trained without any dangerous bending
over the edge of the wall. These, as they extend,
can be, and arebest trained in the fan or half-star shaped
method, as is done with wall trees growing in the usual
way. As all these branches have a downward ten-
dency, the direction would seem to induce early fruit-
fulness and but little wood-growth. Perhaps the
comparative dryness of the grown 3 so near to a wall
would have some influence in causing meagre growth,
and in light land must be counteracted by watering
and mulching. My own experience in a wet district,
in good medium loam, would seem to point in the
direction of the trees getting water from the middle of
June to the end of August, except in unusually wet
years, I have found also that trees set far too many
fruits, so that severe thinning has to be carried out
during June, if quality and not numbers is looked for.
This is another advantage that seems to depend on
the acuteness of the angle of the downward traversing
branches, for on walls with a batter the trees grow
more wood, and I fancy the fruit ripened earlier, owing
to the sun impinging on the wall more directly, J\/.

Campanula alpina,— Two distinct forms of
Campanula have been grown near Edinburgh for
many years, as C. alpina. The true kind, as figured
in the Botanical Magazine, t. 057, is apparently the
one grown at the Comely Bank Nursery, the flower-
stems of which are about 6 inches high, with com-
paratively large drooping purple blossoms; thefoliageis
linear and glaucous. The other form was well shown at
the July flower show, by Mr. Robertson Monro, and in

August i6, 1884.!

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

215

the collection of alpine plants sent from Miss Hope's
garden. The tiower stem is about 10 inches high,
with grey linear foliage, leaves, stem, and calyx being
slightly woolly. The blossoms are light-blue, some-
what erect, and like those of C. tenella in size and
form. Whatever the right name of this Campanula
may be, it is a varie'y well worth growing. C. M, O.

Jforfifjii Corrrsponbcncc.

How Mounds Can be Formed on Level
Plains. — On the plains of Etawah, in the north-
western provinces of India, there grows in large
quantities the Zizyphus nummularia. Natives call it
" Jungli Bair." It may possibly have been the
ancestor of our present edible Zizyphus, Ihe llog-
plura. This "Jungli Bair " is a low spreading,
thorny, sinall-leavcd bush, with fruit about the size of
a Pea, so thorny (although the thorns are small) that
even goats, the locusts of Etawah, don't care much
about it. I have never seen it above a foot or so
high, although in better soil it might grow taller. It
spreads along the ground to a little distance from the
main stem. It is found in colonies ; that is, rarely
one plant alone at a distance from others, but in
groups of many. Wherever there is a colony there is
a small mound under it, higher or lower, according,
as I think, to the age of the colony. It is interesting
to study how these mounds are formed, I conjecture
that the mound is founded at first by one or a few
plants. At the season at which leaves of trees fall
they are swept by wind along the plain, and some of
them get entangled in the "Bair" bush. Then a
dust-storm comes, and a lot of dust is caught by the
entangled leaves. Then rain comes and rots the
leaves so entangled and mixed up with dust, forming
a layer of leaf-mould under the bush. When the
berries are ripe they fall, and find a favourable soil to
germinate in and start in life. A colony is thus the
collector of its own manure, and goes on increasing
by entangling more and more dust and leaves among
its thorny branches. In this way every year a little is
added to the height and width of the mound. I have
not seen any " Cair " mounds higher than a foot.
The reason of ihis, I fancy, is because during heavy
rains some of the accumulated earth is washed away,
and thus the mound is not allowed to grow un-
checked. The fact remains, however, that on a
plain one sees an infinity of these low "Bair"
mounds, looking like miniature coral islands, on the
surface of a sea of alluvial soil. I have no doubt that
the winds scatier the "Bair" fruit, but their dis-
semination may also be helped by birds and jackals.
The latter are said to eat " Bair " fruit. As they are
omnivorous I should not wonder at it. I have never
seen them eat it, although I have often seen drop-
pings, said to be theirs, containing little else than
small stones said to be those of the *' Bair " fruit.
How they can eat this berry without pricking their
Hps and noses I do not know. This I know, that
owing to the numerous small thorns, it requires great
caution in handling a branch of the Zizyphus num-
malaria.

There is another interesting plant, the Capparis
aphylla, called " Karil " by natives. It is sometimes
also found on plains, in colonies, which also entangle
the leaves and dust blown by the wind. When
allowed to have its way this plant makes a higher
mound than the foregoing. It is, however, kept low
by goats when it attempts to found colonies where
these animals abound, as its thorns are not very
formidable. The place to see this Caper is on the
sides of ravines inaccessible to goats. Then it forms
a larger bush, consisting solely of their twine-like
green stems, forming a complete tangle. At certain
seasons it becomes covered with a profusion of small
maize-coloured flowers, disposed in little bunches
along the thin stems, in what I suppose should be the
axils of the leaves ; but, as its specific name implies,
the latter are totally absent in old plants, and only
temporary in young ones. The stems, remaining
always green except when very old, take on, I sup-
pose, the function of leaves. When in flower this
bush is a very pretty sight. It grows on the driest
edges and sides of precipices, and has a thick under-
ground stem, which penetrates the soil very deeply
before it gives off root-fibres. It ought to be a fine
thing for deserts. Its fruit is a small rose-coloured
berry, varying in size from a Pea to a Cherry. Goat-
herds and oihers eat them greedily. They are full of
seeds, having round eac'i a yellow gelatinous pulp, of

a bitter-sweet taste. Natives pickle the unripe fruit,
and say it is very nice, and good for " badi." This
is a nondescript sort of ailment, which is perhaps
better described by the old-fashioned "bad humours."
This plant, queer at one time and pretty at another,
might probably take with some people who are fond
of curious things from the jungles, so I intend sending
home some seeds. Possibly it might cross with the
lovely Capparis spinosa of the South of Europe, and
thus make another wonder.

For the specific names of these two plants I am
indebted to the curator of the Herbarium, Botanic
Garden, Calcutta. E^ Bouaviaj M.D,^ Etaivah,

Hardy Conifers. — The following species have
stood out unprotected in the gardens at St. Peters-
burg for the last fifteen years, according to the
Gartcnjiora ."—

Abies balsamea

,, Douglasii

,, Fraseri

„ sibirica
Juniperus communis

,, prostrata

„ Pseudo-Sabina
Picea alba

,, Engelmanni and var.
glauca

,, excelsa and ten varie-
ties

I. nigra

,, obovata

,, pungens var. glauca

Picea pungens = P.
zicsii, horu

„ rubra

„ Schrenkiana

,, sitchensis
Pinui Cembra

„ contort a

H pumila

„ Pumilio

,, Strobus

,, silvcstTJs

,, UDcinata
Retinospora pisifera
Thuii occideritalis

Ornamental Plants in Masses.— That masses
of plants are far more effective than those planted
singly is nowhere more forcibly impressed upon one
than in the nursery borders. This truth has just been
recalled to my mind by the immense wealth of bloom
exhibited by a bed of Fuchsia Riccartoni now in full
bloom in our home nursery. Each patch, or rather
patches, for there are several, contains from 300 to
500 plants, all in full blow, the effect of which can
be easily imagined, but I might add, rather in the
diminutive, for without a sight no adequate concep-
tion can be formed of the immense wealth of bloom
here portrayed. Another very ornamental plant now
in its prime, is Spirsea Douglasii, a shrub that is by
far too seldom seen in cultivation. Grown in clumps
or masses it is truly magnificent, the rosy-pink flowers
being thrown well above the foliage in bold handsome
spikes. The white or rather dun-coloured variety is
a nice contrast to the normal form, and should be
allotted a position in close contiguity to it where its
distinctive features will best be seen. These Spiraeas
are plants of rapid increase, the running roots soon
monopolising a large space of ground. Com-
mon though it be, the flowers of the oval-
leaved and evergreeen Privets, the former in
particular, deserve a passing notice, not only for their
delicious fragrance, but ornamental character as well.
Here again masses have the advantage of single
plants, or even those in a hedge-row line, A. D.
Webster.

PRUNUS MYROBALANA FLORE ROSEO PLENA.—

The Myrobalana Plum, with double blossoms, is,
according to the Revue Uorticoh, xix., p. 453, this
year one of the finest of the recent introduc-
tions from Japan, having been brought out by
the firm of Baltet Brothers, Troyes. It is similar
in growth to the well-known Prunus triloba
with which variety it can compete in beauty
from the first opening of spring. The plant is a
vigorous grower, very hardy, and in the earliest days
of spring is quite covered with its sweet-smelling
blossoms. The shrub has the growth of the common
P. myrobalana ; the rind of the twigs smooth, light-
coloured, and polished ; the foliage deciduous, long-
stalked, and bluntly dentated, suddenly becoming
small near the point, long pointed as in P. triloba,
light green, the leaf-stalk, nerves, and edge of the
leaf being coloured light carmine. Like P. triloba
and P. sinensis alba plena the shrub can be easily
forced in pots, and requires the same kind of culture,
and to be stopped two or three times during the
summer, S3 as to provide well-furnished examples,

The chief good property of the shrub is the earliness
of the flowering period, which is a week or more
before that of any other variety. It is not as yet
known if the plant will bear fruit, but from the for-
mation of the productive organs it is not improbable,
as anthers are to be observed between the centre
petal?, which also are an additional attraction in the
flower.

Runus CRAT.-iiGiFOLius is a shrubby species from
the Amur territory, and is met with in Japan and
North China. It is an upright growing plant, reach-
ing the height of several feet ; young plants are com-
pletely covered with a white down that disappears
from the plant with age. The shoots, leaf-stalks,
and nerves of the leaves are covered with small
thorns, which are short, red in colour, and slightly
bent backwards ; the leaves are not unlike those of
Crataegus coccinea. The flowers are white, coming
either singly in the axis of the leaves or in bunches at
the tips of the shoots. The plant coming from such
high latitudes is perfectly hardy in England, and
should form a pretty shrub for the grass plot or the
choicer shrubbery border.

lUtius of §ooIis.

Forestry in Norway. Compiled by John Croum-
bic Brown. Simpkin, Marshall & Co.

With all sympathy with Dr, Brown's object and due
recognition of the services he has rendered to botany
and its applications, we feel constrained to ask whether
it would not have been better to have left this presept
volume unpublished. For the most part, though not
entirely, it is an avowed compilation, and as such,
legitimate enough ; but the compilation has apparently
been hastily done, and information taken from other
compilers rather than from original and easily acces-
sible sources. The following is the author's own
summary of the contents of his volume : —

" There are described in successive chapters the
general features of the country. Details are given of the
geographical distribution of forest trees, followed by dis-
cussions of conditions by which this has been deter-
mined— heat, moisture, soil, and exposure. The effects
of glacial action on the contour of ttie country are noticed,
with accounts of existing glaciers and snow-fields. And
information is supplied in regard to forest exploitation
and the transport of timber, in regard to the export
timber trade, to public instruction in sylviculture, and to
forest administration, and to ship-building and shipping."

Evidences of hasty treatment are visible in the frag-
mentary and inconsequent arrangement of paragraphs
and in the very numerous misprints. The first word of
the first chapter afibrds an illustration of which there
are too many elsewhere. At p. 39 the confusion
already arising from the deplorable jumble as to the
proper names to be given to the Silver Fir, and to
the Spruce respectively, is intensified. A few pages
further on we find mention made of the Straits of
*' Madgalhceris," of a distinguished naturalist who
" perished in all the leaves of his spring," of the Lake
of Geneva being the " sleeping Rhine." As the basis
of a series of lectures no doubt the information here
printed was serviceable, but it needed much more re-
vision than it seems to have had, before it was put be-
fore the public in book form.

Days and Hours in a Garden. — Many readers

will remember the sympathetic letters from a Buck-
inghamshire garden which first appeared in these
columns. The quaintness and the originality of illus-
tration, the real love of the garden for the garden's
sake, the freshness of the author's spirit were, we
have reason to know, appreciated by the reader as a
real change from the hum- drum technicalities of ordi-
nary garden literature. "He who goeth into his
garden to look for spiders and cobwebs will doubtless
find them ; but he who goes out to seek a flower
may return to his house with one blooming in his
bosom." We may apply this quotation, made use of
by the author herself, to her book. There are cob-
webs which might be critically considered, but it is
pleasanter and more profitable to cull and cherish the
flowers collected for our delight, to follow the author's
fancy so far as we may, and give one's-self up to her
guidance — and the public thinks so too— for before
us, in dainty vellum, lies ihs " second edition." Elliot
Stock is the publisher.

2l6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, iS

BRITISH FERNS AND THEIR
EXTERMINATION.

I HAVE read with much interest your note in last
week's edition regarding wild Ferns and their
destruction at the hands of collectors. This is an
old and vexing evil, and one that unfortunately can-
not— or, rather, has not — been satisfactorily dealt
with, the difficulty of taking active measures in the
question being only too apparent. In taking an un-
biassed view of the matter, let us, in the first place,
consider if all the mischief, of which an exaggerated
account too often finds its way to the public press, is
actually committed either by tourists or the oft-
maligned plant-collector, and what steps could be
taken to allay the evil.

In speaking from my own experience of this dis-
trict, well known to be the best for Fern hunting in
the country, I must certainly say that although
tourists, plant-collectors, and true botanists scour the
country in scores, it cannot be said, even by those
who are intimately acquainted with the flora of this
country, that either flowers or Ferns have diminished
in number — not, at least, to an extent worth mention-
ing. Several rare Ferns have certainly become
extinct on our Welsh hills, but this is due neither to
the tourist nor ordinary plant-collector, whose know-
ledge of such rarities is usually limited, but to the true
botanist.

Again, we must not be too hard on the town's-
people for Fern hunting when out for a day in the
country ; for place ourselves in their stead, and more
than likely we would be nothing better. Nor must
we either altogether condemn the plant-collector.
Fern hunting is a regular trade, and considered by
the vendors a most honourable one too. Certainly it
is a pity if lanes and roads, more especially on the
outskirts of towns, should be despoiled of their
Ferns and Primroses to satisfy the cravings of their
inhabitants ; but, on the other hand, how can this be
averted, or a stop put to the illicit traffic ?

In a letter which appeared in the Gardeners' Chro-
nicle of March 22, a well known nurseryman in the
Fern line said, in reply to a note of mine regarding
the high price of Ferns, " Let the country once show
a desire for these plants, and the prices will lessen,"
or some such words, for I have not the paper at
hand.

Now is the time, when so many complaints are
forthcoming as to the number of plants annually col-
lected in lanes and ditches, for the supply of town's-
people and town markets, and when the supply seems
insufficient for the demand. A double benefit will
thus accrue by our town's-folk enjoying their natural
Ferny banks, which in all likelihood would then
remain untouched, as well as obtaining these at a
reasonable price from Fern nurseries. We must,
however, remember the greater value to any person of
a plant they find over one they have purchased.
A. D. Wehsttr.

having regard to the general usefulness of the plant,
its habit, its beauty, and its good constitution.

Caladiums. — Best selection, three matks ;—

C H I S W I C K.

July 31. — A meeting of the Floral Com-
mittee was convened at the gardens at Chiswick on
Thursday, July 31, to inspect and determine the
relative merits of the Caladiums, Adiantums, foliage
Begonias, and Pentstemons, grown for that purpose
in the Society's gardens. Members present : — John
Fraser, Esq., Chairman ; Messrs. James O'Brien,
Harry Turner, John Woodbridge, John Dominy,
James Hudson, Herman Herbst, and John Laing,
The method of proceeding was to go over the entire
collections, as they had been carefully grown side by
side by Mr. Barron, each member selecting any of
the specimens which he considered well worthy of
general cultivation, the selection in each case was
again carefully gone over by the committee, each
plant being put to the vote, and either excluded or
awarded two or three marks according to its merits.
In all cases, while bringing their experience to bear
on the subject before them, the committee desire it
to be understood that their judgment on the plants
brought before them is given without prejudice to the
great number of good kinds which were not on
trial.

It is a pity that raisers do not mere generally avail
themselves of the opportunity given at the Chiswick
gardens, under Mr. Barron's superintendence, of
seeing new and meritorious productions side by side
with known kinds. The selections were made

Caladium argytiles
,, candidum
„ Alfred Bleu
„ pictum (the old species)
,, Ceres
,. Dr. Lindley
„ Mad. de la Devansaye
„ Ville de Muthouse
„ Comtesse de Condeixa
,, minus erubescens

(Schmellini section)
„ Gerard Dow

Caladium Paul Veronese
„ Mors. A. Hardy
,, Piincess of Wales (yel-
low, good)
,, Princess Teck (yellow,

good)
., Clio
,, Laingii
,, Rameau
„ Mad. M. Schsfer
,, Mithridate
,, Luddetnanniana

Caladiums. — Two marks:-

Caladium Princess Alex
andra
„ Mad. Heine
„ John R. Rox

Adiantum. — Best select;

Adiantum cuneatum

,, Pacotii (syn. compac-

tum)

,, gracillimum

„ Lathomii

,, decorum

,, Victoria

,. concinnum

„ „ latum

,» tenerum

„ scutum

„ trapeziforme

„ Sancta Katherin^e

,, macrophyllum

,, pedatum (hardy)

„ formosum

Caladium Mad. Alfred Bleu
„ Max Kolb
„ Chantinii

ion, three marks ; —

Adiantum pubescens
,, hispidulum
,, Veitchianum
,, amabile
„ rubellum

,, Capillus-veneris(hardy)
,, cardiochla~na
„ speciosum
„ rhodophyllum (Veitch)
,, Farleyense
„ lunulatumdolabriforme

(fiood for baskets)
„ Edgworthii ciliatum

(good for baskets)
,, assimile
„ reniforme

Adiantum Litddeiiiannianutn. — Two marks.

Foliage Begonia, — First selection, three marks : —

Begonia Rex Begonia Louise Chr^iienne

„ Due de Brabant „ Bettine Rothschild

,, Marshall! ,, Apotheose

„ Emile Chati ,, Zenobia (Veitch)

,, Seneca ^ ,, Julie Serot (Veitch)

„ Juliette Raulin „ ricinifolia leptophylla

,, Madame Tryneau „ Comte Alfred de Leon

„ Xanthina var. argentea ,, Marga

„ HeleneUdher „ Sylvia (Bull)

Pentstemom.—

Pentstemon Cerise Queen
„ Purple Queen
,, Virginale

Best, three marks : —

Pentstemon Edison
,, Marjolaine

The committee also inspected some red Currants,
pronouncing favourably on Victoria or Raby Castle,
which produces very long sprays of large bright red
fruits ; and Haughton Castle, a very close-growing
variety and a profuse fruiter — Mr. Turner thinks it
ought to be grown in pots.

Benary's hybrid Carnations were also inspected and
pronounced worthy as border plants, the best by far
being Anna Benary — white, with rose line and edge.
In addition to the varied stock of trial plants, which
it is a wonder Mr. Barron can so skilfully manage
and tabulate, the Begonia-house contains a very fine
lot of plants of the first beauty and merit as seedling
decorative plants.

Royal Horticultural : Au^. 12. — The conserva-
tory was well filled with a miscellaneous collection of
flowers and vegetables, the main feature consisting of
very numerous exhibits of fruits and vegetables grown
by cottagers. We were pleased to see that the collec-
tion was not only large, but that it included exhibits
from widely separated localities, and that on the whole
the quality was very good — especially so being the
Beans, Peas, Onions, and Potatos — having in view
the late hot dry weather. Some improvement in
*' setting up " is desirable, and more care should have
been taken to ensure correct nomenclature. In many
instances no names at all were appended to the varie-
ties shown. This is to be regretted, for it is almost
impossible in so large a collection, amid the bustle of
these meetines, to recognise the sorts. The omission
of the names defeats one of the main objects of such
exhibitions, which should serve to illustrate promin-
ently which varieties are best suited for cottagers'
purposes generally and for special localities. The
weak points were to be found in the fruit classes, but
as nothing more conduces to future advances as the
knowledge of our shortcomings in the'present, we may
reasonably expect the items under the various classes
to make a more meritorious display on the next trial
of strength. We want greater variety, as more
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, early Pears
and Apples, cool-house Hamburgh, Chasselas, and
Frontignan Grapes, Figs, Mulberries — all these fruits
are cultivable about the suburbs of London, in the
open in some instances, and in others under some
simple glass protection. Further details of this
department are given further on, Among the flowers

the principal things were a fine stand of Gladiolus,
sent by Messrs. Kelway, some double Dahlias from
Mr. C. Turner, of Slough. Single varieties were also
shown by Mr. Ware. Among the best of these were
the old variety Paragon, Pantaloon, with white florets
banded with maroon ; Fire King, rich crimson ;
Cochineal, deep red-violet ; Mrs. Bowman, a
lovely flower, deep rosy-lilac in colour, and
of good form. Among the fiat-flowered doubles
of the Vuarezii type was General Gordon, bright
red, very effective. Mr. Noble brought cones
of Abies nobilis and Pinus parviflora, together
with flowering sprays of Spirxa Lindleyana,
Douglasii, Nobleana, callosa, and Fortunei. Mr. G.
F. Wilson sent cut spikes of Lilium superbum, some
9 feet in height, wilhflowersof deep orange-red colour
From the new Plant and Bulb Company came, among
other things, a cut spike of Eremurus Olgse, an
Asphodel-like plant with a dense spike of pinkish-
cream coloured flowers, each segment marked with a
narrow central line of dark puce colour, and Gladiolus
Enfant de Nancy, with relatively small flowers of a
rich deep crimson colour. Messrs. C. Lee &; Sons
sent a group of Statice floribunda in small pots,
admirably adapted for greenhouse decoration. The
plant is of good habit with dense trusses of lilac and
white flowers. It had been 'previously certificated,
and the present exhibit showed that the award was
well merited.

Floral Committee : Section A.—Di, Masters in
the chair. Present : Messrs. Laing, O'Brien, King-
horn, Herbert, Dominy, and Hill.

The plants specially brought before the section were
Scuticaria Steeli, from the New Plant and Bulb Com-
pany, an old-fashioned and singular Orchid, with long
linear cylindric leaves and large flowers, with oblong
greenish-yellow segments dotted with purple. The
side lobes of the lip are erect, the terminal lobe flat,
oblong, obtuse, cream-coloured with a thick orange
crest of raised ribs at the base. Curcuma sumatrana,
shown by Messrs. Veitch, is an interesting plant with
stalk oblong, finely ribbed leaves, and flower-spikes
bearing crowded boat-shaped bracts of a dull red
colour marked with fine veins and partially concealing
the yellowish flowers, Ixora Westi x , also sent by
Messrs. Veitch, is a reputed hybrid between I. odorata
and I. amboinensis. It is of good habit, with ovate
lanceolate leaves and dense terminal trusses of slender
trumpet-shaped flowers of a lovely pale pink hue. Laelia
elegans superbissima, sent by Messrs. F. Sander & Co.,
has white sepals and petals, the lip being rich deep
violet with a white throat. Mr. King, of Rowsham,
Aylesbury, sent two seedling Coleus, one called Earl
Dudley, small, with crimson foliage edged with green,
but not sufficiently distinct ; and another called
Countess of Dudley, of very fine habit, and with bold,
wavy foliage ; the disc clear yellow, spotted with
green. Cattleya Eldorado Wallisii was sent by Mr.
De B. Crawshay. It is in the way of C. Wallisii. The
same gentleman sent flowers of Disa grandiflora, and
two varieties of the same ; and Mr. A. H. Smce
Lycaste Deppei and an improved variety.

The awards made were : —

First-class Certificates.
Section A,
To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Ixora Westi x ,
To Messrs. F. Sander & Co.. for Lcelia elegans supers
bissima.

To Mr. James King, Rowsham, Aylesbury, for Coleus
Countess of Dudley.

Botanical Certificates.

To The New Plant and Bulb Company, for Scuticaria
Steeli.

To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Curcuma suma-
trana.

Votes of Thanks.

To Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, (or Statice floribunda.

To Mr. Smee, tor Lycaste Deppei.

To Mr. De B. Crawshay for Cattleya Eldorado rosea.

To Mr. De B. Crawshay, for Disa grandiflora.

To Mr. De B. Crawshay, for Disa grandiflora superba.

To Mr. De B. Crawshay, for Disa Barreli.

To Mr. G. Goldsmith, The Gardens, HoUanden,
Tonbridge, for Passifiora quadrangularis.

Section .5.— Present : Shirley Ilibberd, Esq., in
the chair ; Messrs. James Douglas, W. Beilby, G. F.
Wilson, J. James, and G. Duffield, by whom the
following First-class Certificates were awarded : — To
Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset, for
Gladiolus Lady Carington ; to the New Plant and
Bulb Company, Colchester, for Montbretia elegans
and Tigridia pavonia alba ; to Messrs, Cannell &
Sons, Swanley, for double flowered Begonia Madame
Arnold, Tigridia pavonia alba, and a variety of
Hibiscus Trionum var., shown as Malva Knelleri.

Fruit Committee.— Present : John E. Lane,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Lee, J. Willard, F.
Rutland, A. W. Sutton, G. Goldsmith. A Vote of
Thanks was given to Mr. Herbst, The Nursery, Kew,
for King of Tomatos, a round bright coloured variety,
less in size than Vick's Criterion, of the same shape,

August i6, 1S84.I

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

217

and seemingly an abundant bearer. Mr. Rutland,
The Gardens, Goodwood, received a Vote of Thanks
for some few enormous examples of the Goodwood
Melon. Amongst a boxful ol Clematis hybrids set
up by Mr. C. Noble, nurseryman, Bagshot, we
noticed the lilac-coloured C. Proteus, the flowers of
which are produced as single ones now, albeit in the
spring on the earliest growth ihey come always of
the double form ; C. ascotensis, of the colour of
Achimenes longifiora, and the white Jackraanni were
charming flowers, both being constant single blooms,
and showing the habit of continuous bloomers.

Cottagers' and Artisans' ExHimTiON of
Garden Produce. — It was a happy thought, and
one quite in consonance with the objects of the
Healih Exhibition, which led to the remarkable
display of co'tager or working-class garden pro-
ductiors at South Kensington on Tuesday last,
and I he promoters are to be congraiutaled upon
the results, for a finer thow of prcdnds raised
under similar conditions has never been brought
together. Though accustomed to see first-rate exhi-
bits from cottagers here and there, yet in this case
there was, as it were, a concentrated effort of all the
best exhibitors of that class all over the kingdom, and
as a result a display of unusual excellence. As will
be seen from the leport appended, exhibitors came
from districts so remote as Dorset on the one hand,
and the northern town of Dingwall, in Rossshire, on
the other, including Penrith, and other distant places.
There were sixty exhibitors, and a total of 1770
entries, so that the labour involved was considerable.
Whether all the exhibitors were of the honA-ftde cot-
tager or artisan class it would be difficult to say, but
it is assumed, of course, that they were. In very
many cases, as will be seen from the number of
exhibits in the various classes, the competition was
extraordinary, and throughout the prize lots were of
such high-class character that even good gardeners
might have found it hard to have beaten the best.
The prizes were large — quite three times the value of
those usually found in cottagers' schedules, and some
of the more successful must have had good reason
to return home rejoicing. Were it possible that such
an interesting show could be repeated next year, we
would suggest such an arrangement of classes 'as
would give average exhibitors a better chance, by
making duplicate ones, in which competitors could
show in one only. The first class was devoted to
collections of garden produce, sent by local horticul-
tural or cottage garden societies, grown by and col-
lected from the members, and entered by the secretary
of the society. In this case, not less than twelve dis-
tinct kinds of vegetables, and six distinct kinds of
fruit were required, and the conditions doubtless
helptd to restrict the competition, as there were but
three entries, the largest coming from the Petworth
Garden Society, Sussex, and comprised several
sorts of Potato?, Onion<:, Ce'ery, Marrows, Cal)bages,
&c., and nineteen plates of Apples, Pears, Currants,
Gooseberries, and other fruit. Though by virtue of
its extent placed 1st, it was not in the vegetable sec-
tion a handsome lot, and on the whole far from being
meritorious. The 2d prize lot consisted of twelve
kinds of vegetables, and six of fruits, came from the
Wrotham Horticultural Society, and was, if a small
lot, at least very neat, and as much could be said for
the 3d lot, which came from Bromley (Essex) Horti-
cultural Society. On the whole, it cannot be said
that this class is worthy of repetition. Happily the
money saved, because of the small competition,
enabled a number of extra prizes to be awarded to
meritorious exhibits in other classes, later in the day.

Limited Collections. — Of these there were
one class for six kinds of vegetables, and one for four
kinds. There were twenty-three competitors in the
tirst of these classes, making a brave display, with
capital quality throughout. Here Dorsetshire men
were in strong force, Mr. G. Hazzard, of Sherborne,
coming 1st, with beautiful white Celery and Inter-
mediate Carrots, fine Runner Beans, Ashleaf Potatos,
good Onions and Peas. Mr. Jas. Kite, of the same
place, came 2d, having long tapering handsome Par-
snips, White Spanish Onions, Woodstock Kidney
Potatos, good Carrots, Peas, and Runner Beans. Mr.
H, Gibbs, Ightham, Sevenoaks, was 3d, his lot
including fine Giant Rocca Onions, Canadian Won-
der Dwarf Beans, pretty Snowflake Potatos, Moore's
Vegetable Cream Marrows, iS:c. Mr. Warren, Shriven-
ham, was 4th ; another Sherborne man, Mr. Saun-
ders, came 5th ; and Mr. T. Beckett, Ainersham, 6th.
In the next class, for four kinds of vegetables, there
were twenty-seven collections. In this case Mr.
Warren came 1st, with good Runner Beans, pretty
white Marrows, small neat Cabbages, and Inter-
national Potatos. Mr. F. Beck, Hemel Ilemp^ted,
who was 2d, had Spanish Onions, Bresee's Prolific
Potatos, Cabbages, and Runner Beans. Mr. W.
Cooper, Shrivenham, was 3d ; Mr. Baker, Bamplon,
Oxon, 4'h ; Mr. J. James, Teddinglon, 5tb ; and Mr.
W. Page, Bedford, 6th.

Potatos were in immense force, and generally of

capital quality. In the class for three kinds of rounds
there were thirty-three collections, the 1st place being
taken by Mr. Warren, who had pretty though
medium-sized Schoolmaster, Reading Russet, and
Porter's Excelsior. Mr. W. Burrows, Lutterworth,
came 2d, with fine though hardly smooth samples of
Schoolmaster, The Dean, and Reading Russet ;
whilst Mr. Beckett, who was 3d, had wiih School-
master and Reading Russet rather coarse Peerless.
Mr. G. N. Kentish was 4th. Vicar of Laleham,
Radstock Beauty, and Triumph were well shown in
this class. In the corresponding class for three
dishes of kidneys there were thirty-two lots. Mr. G.
Kirtland, Eletchington, came 1st, with fine Mr.
Bresee, Prizetaker, and International. Mr. II. Gibbs
was 2d, with very clean and pretty Snowflake, Inter-
national, and Beauty of Hebron. Mr. Burrows came
3d, with fine Woodstock Kidney, Snowdrop, and
International. Mr, T. Nunn, Maldon, Essex, was
4'h. In this class two otherwise excellent lots were
disqualified, because in one case Woodstock Kidney
was put in twice, the second dish being labelled Ash-
top Fluke ; and in another International, already
shown, was also put in as Cosmopolitan. In the
single dish class for round kinds there were forty lots
to choose from, and Mr. T. Whatley, Stroud, came
1st, with very handsome Vicar of Laleham ; Mr.
Kirtland coming 2d, with good Reading Russet ;
Mr. Barron 3d, with good Schoolmaster : and Mr.
Baker 4th, with Vicar of Laleham again. A fine
dish of Blanchard somewhat rubbed was shown in
this class. Of single dishes of kidneys there were
forty-two, Mr. Warren having the best in handsome
Woodstock Kidney; Mr. Burrows coming 2d, with
the same kind ; Mr. R. Hall, Dartford, having the
next best in International ; and Mr. Gibbs 4th, with
very nice clean Snowflake. In all the Potato classes
some extra prizes were later awarded, as well as
several commendations bestowed.

Peas. — The competition in these was necessarily
limited, but here a new competitor — Mr. Wetheral,
Penrilh—came to the front, having really admirable
samples of Stratagem and Evolution. Mr. Munro,
Dingwall, was 2d with good kinds unnamed ; Mr.
Kite, from Sherborne, coming next with nice Ne
Plus Ultra and Laxton's Sturdy; Mr. Burrows 4lh.
That out of the eight lots staged only two were
named rather indicates that correct naming should in
all cases be enforced. There were eighteen entries in
the single dish class, Mr. Wetheral being again 1st
with fine Stratagem, Mr. Munro coming again 2d,
also with same kind ; Mr. Gibbs was 3d with'Tele-
phone, and Mr. Dredge, Bletchley, Bucks, 4th.

Onions made a big class, there being thirty-three
dozens of various kinds, but winter Onions carried the
prizes by virtue of size and shape. Mr. T. Willis,
Maidenhead, had very fine Giant Roccas for the 1st
lot ; Mr. J. Packman, Aylesbury, came 2d with same
kind ; Mr. Jacob, Petworth, was 3d, and Mr. Nunn
4th, both with fine Tripolis.

Cabbages were but moderately good, the best large
white heads coming from Mr. David Green, Ealing ;
Mr. G. Mayes, Halton, Middlesex, coming next with
small Drumhead ; Mr. E. Cane and Mr. W. Cane,
both of Ealing, following with red Cabbages.

Lettuces were also moderate in quality, Mr. Warren
havmg the best in White Cos, Mr. Willis, Mr. Beckett,
and Mr. Kite, following with medium samples.
Scarlet Runner Beans made a fine class of thirty-four
dishes, the general quality being excellent. The
prizes went to Messrs. Kite, Baker, Mayes, and Jas.
Harvey, Hertford, in the order placed. Out of thirty-
threes lots of dwarf Bean?, Mr. Baker had the best,
Messrs. Beckett, Warren, and Wellard, Dartford,
taking the other prizes ; Canadian Wonder was the
chief kind shown. Broad or Longpod Beans were
rather indifferent though Mr. Munro was able to send
from the far North a good sample of Leviathan ;
Messrs. Barrow, Kite, and Saunders taking other
prizes. Carrots made a pretty show, and were
generally very handsome ; Mr. G. Kirtland was a
good ist, with very beautiful Long Red Surrey, Mr.
Hazzard coming next with pretty Intermediate,
Messrs. Saunders and Baker following with the same
kind. Of Turnips there were twenty bunches, hand-
some white kinds, shown by Messrs. Hazzard, Kite,
and Saunders coming 1st, 3d, and 4th, and Mr.
Munro was 2d with handsome and rich coloured
Golden Ball. There were twenty-nine lots of Beet,
but the Turnip-rooted kinds, though so useful for
early salads, stood no chance, good samples of Dell's
Crimson taking the prizes ; these fell to Messrs.
Beck, Warren, Saunders, and Hazzard, as placed.
Of Cucumbers there weretwenty-five, Mr. Kite having
the best one in Tender and True ; Mr. William Ellis,
Romford, coming 2d, with Pearson's Long Gun ;
Mr. Page came 3d, with Telegraph, and Mr. Saun-
ders was 4th. There were not less than thirty-three
brace of Vegetable Marrows, the samples selected
being rather small and pretty than profitable, the
prizes going to previous named exhibitors. Tonoatos
were rather good for cottagers, and mu^t I^^ve b^n

produced under glass. Messrs. Farndon, Peasey, and
Weal, all of Ealing, had the best samples. Mr.
Peasey had the best six kinds of sweet herbs, and
Mr. Beckett the best four kinds of salads. Hand-
some Celery, good Shallots, Spanish Onions, and
red Cabbages took the prizes in the miscellaneous
class for vegetables.

The pRtJlT shown by the amateur growers consisted
mostly of Gooseberries, red and white Currants,
Morello Cherries, Raspberries, and one dish of Straw-
berries, from Skelton, in far-away Cumberland, shown
by Mr. R. Wetherell. A few dishes of Apples were
shown, as well as of such Plums as will grow on trees
in the open. Mr. W. Jacobs, Pound Street, Pet-
worth ; Mr. Mayo, Hatton, Middlesex ; Mr. Kirt-
land, Bletchington, Oxon ; Mr. Kentish, Bedwood,
Hemel Hempstead ; Mr. Peasey, St. Matthew's Road,
Ealing Common ; Mr. Conway and Mr. Castle, were
the principal prize-winners in the diflerent classes.

Gladioli. — The principal feature in the general
flower show was a splendid collection of 144
Gladioli spikes, from Messrs. Kelway, of Lang-
port. The spikes were arranged with excel-
lent effect, and they were also exceedingly well
grown. Further, on this occasion, Messrs. Kelway
prudently exhibited only such varieties of their own
raising as they had propagated sufficiently to be able
to place them in commerce immediately. This is
much more satisfactory than the method of exhibiting
from the seedling bulbs. In that state First-class
Certificates might be awarded to them, but they are
lost to sight for six or eight years, and the interest in
them as new varieties is forgotten. In fact, it would
be much better not to award certificates to spikes of
Gladiolus until more than one spike of a variety can
be exhibited together. Messrs. Kelway have adopted
this plan of their own accord, and they are to be com-
mended. They exhibited four varieties for Certifi-
cates, all of them were of considerable merit, although
only one was selected for the highest award, viz..
Lady Carrington, a superb and distinct variety, form-
ing a long spike of large well formed flowers
of a distinct pale lilac colour with white centre.
The other new varieties were St. Galica, a superb
variety, with long spikes of perfect flowers, of a rich
deep rosy-crimson colour, and whitish centre. William
Coleman, very distinct ; flowers orange-scarlet, with
a crimson purple blotch at the base of the sepaline
segment. G. T. Miles, rosy- red with white centre,
the flowers borne erect on a long spike. The general
collection contained a large and varied selection of the
newest varieties ; and for convenience of reference we
divide them into

Section i : White or light coloured.— Queen Mary,
white, with violet centre ; Agnes Mary, large well
formed flowers, white, pale lUac blotch on lower
petal ; Daimio, white flushed with lilac ; Mrs. J.
Eyton, very fine and distinct, with rosy-lilac blotch ;
Duke of Teck, blush white, fine form, rosy-red centre;
Neocles, white, marked with purple on the lower
petals; Mrs. D'Ombrain, a well formed variety, white,
with a tinge of lilac ; Agdestes, a large flower of good
substance, white, with a purplish-violet mark on the
lower petal ; Lord Powis, white, with rose flush on
the edge of the petals, and reddish flame.

Section 2 : Scarlet and red-coloured varieties. —
Marechal Bazaine, clear light scarlet, white centre ;
Caliphion, rose, streaked with deep red, light centre;
Earl of Airlie, bright deep red ; Captain Boyton, red,
scarlet flake ; Pictus, reddish, with violet-purple
centre ; Marcianus, deep rich scarlet, veined with
maroon ; Dr. Benson, light scarlet, purple centre ;
Mr. Thornton, very fine scarlet, flushed with lake,
white centre.

Section 3 : Mr. Derry, a very fine variety, pale
lilac-purple, veined with rosy-purple ; Electra, pale
rosy-lilac, white throat ; Countess of Pembroke, rich
purple, with a flush of lake ; Lady Cavendish, pale
lilac, fine form ; Remus, good form, bright rosy-
purple flaked crimson ; ilelum, rich violet-purple,
with crimson-purple flake.

The above selection represents the best exhibition
varieties in cultivation. A Silver-gilt Medal was
awarded to the collection.

Dahlias are not expected to be exhibited in their
best form until September, and the tropical heat we
have had to undergo during the last week has forced
many of the flowers out of character — indeed, the
plants and flowers drooped very much in the noon-
day heat, with syringing and watering every night.
Notwithstanding these drawbacks, Mr. Charles
Turner, of Slough, was able to exhibit seventy-two
blooms in capital condition, most of them being the
best show varieties. He also exhibited three blooms
of a new fancy variety, named General Gordon ; the
flowers were of large size, and good form ; the base
of the petals was yellowish-buff, the upper portion to
more than half their depth being orange-red. The
general collection contained a selection of most of the
best Phow vryrieties in cultivation ; particularly fine

2l8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, i8

were the following : — George Rawlings, rich dark
maroon with good centre ; Goldfinder, yellow,
slightly tipped wiih red ; James Cocker, fine deep
purple ; John Bennett, a very distinct yellowish
flower ; Joseph Aahby, one of the best formed flowers,
orange- buff; Julia Wyalt, one of the best white kinds;
Michael Saunders, a neat flower of the best form,
reddish-purple ; Sunbeam, bufT, good form and large
size. It would occupy too much valuable space to
characterise all the varieties in this collection, which
could not be easily matched so early in the year, and
this is the less necessary that the Grand National
Dahlia Show will be held at the Crystal Palace in
three weeks, when all the new and the best of the
old varieties will be placed in competition.

Mr. T. S. Ware exhibited a collection of Single
Dahlias, representing the greatest advance this
section has at present attained unto. A new fancy
single variety was examined by the committee, of the
Pantaloon type, but it was not thought equal to
that variety. Mr. Ware also exhibited a selection of
seedlings from Yuarezii, or, at least, of that type,
which might be designated garden varieties, as they
sadly break the uniformity of a stand of show flowers.
Some of them were richly coloured, and might be
prized by those who do not like the m jre symmetrical
and perfect form of the show varieties. The com-
mittee did not select any of them for the award of
First-class Certificates.

A curiously marked Gladiolus was shown by the
New Bulb Company in Marie Lemoine, the three
upper petals being cream-coloured, and the reverse
side greenish ; the two lower petals being also cream-
tiated, but having a lake-coloured blotch of great size
descending into the throat, whilst the lip of each was
sulphur-coloured ; the flower-spike was compact and
small.

Bournemouth Horticultural: Au^^ust 4.— The
seventh annual exhibition of plants, fruit's, flowers and
vegetables of tliis Society was, under most favourable
circumstances as regards the weather, held in the Town
Hall Buildings on Bank Holiday, and, as compared
with previous shows, it cannot be pronounced the best
one the Society ever held. This, too, is to be wondered
at, seeing that the district (a iashionahle seaside resort)
and the situation are such as might be reasonably
expected to contribute largely both to the funds of the
Society and the stages of the exhibition-tables the
elements necessary to make the show not only attractive
to gardeners, but to visitors also. Moreover, there are
several good gardening establishments within easy reach
of Bournemouth it prizes suflicienlly Hberal to entice them
thither were oftered. The plants, however, were shown
off to greater advantage in consequence of there beings
more available staging-room, and there were some very
creditably flowered plants staged, including in the ist
prize collecUon well-flowered plants of Slephanotis flori-
bunda, AUamanda Henderson!, and Plumbago capensis,
and (in Mr. W. Earp's collection) a grandly flowered
plant of Kucharis amazonica. I^elargoniums and Coleus
were also shown well. The prizes offfjred for groups of
plants, not to occupy more than 60 feet space, brouglit
cut a very creditable and good arrangement ol plants
eminently suitable for decorative purposes, and these—
especially those in the rst prize group— were arranged
very tastefully, light graceful plants showing well above
a carpet of Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum cunealum), and
the whole being edged with small plants of Caladium
argyrites and Maidenhair Fern had a very telling effect,
and elicited great praise from visitors and gardeners
alike, as also did Mr. Karp's group. The following is a
list of the awards made by the judges : —

Open CLASSKS.--PL/VNTS—Foracollection of six stove
and greenhouse plants, Mr. W. Osborne, gr. to the Rev.
F. Hopkins, Vicar of Holdcrness, Bournemouth, secuied
chief position with a very creditable coUeclion ; 2d, Mr.
Albert Shadwelt, gr. to Hay Morant, Esq., Manor
House, Ringwood, who was followed closely by Mr. W.
Earp, gr. to John S.dlom, Esq., Hume Towers, Bourne-
mouth. For a collection of stove and greenhouse orna-
mental foliage plants there were only two competitors,
namely, Mr. W. Osborne and Mr. Shadwell, who took
the prizes in that order. Mr, Piper, Parkstone Nursery,
near Poole, was rst for nine exotic Ferns, distinct, with
a very fresh lot, including a fine Cyathea medullaris and
Dicksonia anlarctica ; 2d, Mr. W. Osborne. For six
Fuchsias Mr. Cobbe, gr. to Mrs. Marsden Smedley,
Gablehurst, Brankstone Park, Bournemouth, was 1st,
and Mr. W. Earp 2d. Mr. C. Phillips, gr. to Mr. P.
J. Hankinson, Eiistbury, Bournemouth, was ist for a
single Fuchsia, and Mr. Cobbe 2d. Mr. Phillips was
again ist for six zonal or nosegay Pelargoniums, and
Mr. Cobbe 2d ; and for a like number of .Achimenes,
Mr. Earp was ist, and Mr. Phillips 2d. There was only
one entry for three pots of LiHum auratum, and Mr.
Roberts, gr. to Mr. W. Merson, Lainstone Lodge,
Bournemouth, was awarded a 2d prize. For six single
Petunias, Mr. John Hobb?, gr. to Mr. W. H. Reeves,
Foxholes, Chnstchurch, was ist, and Mr. Earp 2d ; and
in the corresponding class for six doubles, Mr. Hobbs
was the only exhibitor ; and for six nicely grown plants
was awarded ist prize. For four Coxcombs, Mr. G.
Newman, The Grange. Bournemouth, obtained ist. and
Mr. W. Newman, gr. to F. C. Hyde, Esq., Wilderton,
Bournemouth, was 2d. Mr. W. Earp had the six best
Balsams, and Mr. Shadwell the 2d best. Mr. Phillips
had the best six Coleus, nicely grown and well-coloured
plants ; Mr. Earp being a good 2d. Mr. Piper had the

best group of plants, Mr. Earp the 2d, and Mr. Cobbe the
3d best. These groups formed an interesting feature to
the left of the central stage at the entrance to the hall.

Cut Flowers. — For twenty-tour Roses, distinct,
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., Salisbury, were ist,
with a superb lot of blooms ; Mr. Davis, of Wilton,
being a very go jd 2d ; there were only two lots staged.
In both clrisses for twelve varieties of Dahlias, Messrs.
Keynes & Co. were the only exhibitors, and secured ist
honours in each case, with a grand lot of blooms,
mostly the same varieties as those staged by that firm
in Southampton the previous Saturday, including Mrs.
Langtry, one of the two varieties certificated at that show.
For twelve trusses of Pelargoniums, distinct, Mr. C. Piiil-
lips secured ist position, and Mrs. Hubbard 2d. There
was only one exhibitor in the class for twelve Gladioli
spikes, viz., Mr. J. Joy, Bournemouth, who was awarded
a 1st prize. Mr. Swaflield, Exotic Nursery, Bournemouth,
was ist for hand bouquets, and Mr. Earp 2d.

FiiUiT. — The classes for fruit were badly contested,
those staged in competition for the prizes, however, were
good. Mr. P. D.ivibon, gr. to Lord Wolverton, Tre-
werne Minster, Blandlord, secured ist in the black
Grape class, with three good well-finished bunches of
Black Hamburgh ; Mr. Earp being a very good 2d, with
the same variety ; and in the corresponding class for a
like number of bunches of white Grapes, Mr. Hawkes,
gr. to Mr. Merton Cotes, Royal Bath Hotel, was ist,
with three of the largest and best finished bunches of
Sweetwater we have seen this season ; Mr. Earp w.is
2d, with the same variety, also well finished, but smaller
bunches. Mr. Earp was a good ist for six Peaches, and
Mr. G. H. Richards, gr. to the Earl of Normanlon,
Sonierley House, Ringwood, was 2d ; and in the class
for six Nectarines there was only one entry, and a 2d
prize was awarded to Mr. Osborne, The same exhibitor
secured 1st place for a fine dish of Coe's Golden Drop
Plums. Mr. Earp was ist for twelve cuUnary Apples,
and Mr. T. Wflkins, gr. to Mr. Merthyr Guest, Hen-
stridge, near Shaftesbury, 2d ; and for a like number of
dessert .A,pples, Mr. Earp was again to the Iront. For
one Melon, Mr. Osborne \vas 1st, and Mr. Wilkens,
2d. There was only one Pine-apple entered— a fine
Queen, by Mr. Riciiards who was awarded a ist prize for
it. There was also only one entry for miscellaneous acol-
leciion of fruit (Pines excluded), and for which a 2d prize
was awarded to Mr. Shadwell.

VEGiiTABLES — For the best collection of eight kinds
of vegetables Mr. Richards was easily ist. with a very
clean even lot, and Mr. Wilkins 2d ; Mr. Shadwell
being only a few points behind Mr. Wilkins' collection.
Mr. Osborne had the best brace of Cucumbers, and Mr.
Richards the 2d best. For collections of six kinds cf
vegetables (not open to exhibitors in the class for eight
kind^) there was only one entry, Mrs. Hubbard, who
was awarded a 2d prize.

Special prizes, for the best pair of flower-stands
arranged with with flowers and foliage for table decora-
tion.— ist, Mr. Cobbe. Best single ditto. — No 1st ; 2d,
Mr. G. Taylor.

Am.\teurs.— Plants and Flowers.— For four Fuchsias,
there was only one entry, Mr. C. W. Hall ; and a 2d
award was made. Specimen Fuchsia.- ist, Mr. J. T.
Hankinson ; 2d. Rev. J. R. Phelps. Four zonal Pelar-
goniums.— ist, Mr. T. |. Hankinson, with really good
plants, covered with large fresh trusses of bloom ; and
for a like number of variegated leaved plants the same
exhibitor secured 2d; there was only one entry. Col-
lection of eight Ferns. — ist, Mr. C. VV. Hall, with a neat
fresh lot of plants. Group of plants lor effect, not to
exceed 30 feet space. — ist, Mr. Merson ; 2d, Mr. T, }.
Hankinson. Cut flowers. —Gladioli, eight spikes. — 1st,
Mr. Merson. Twelve Dahlias. — ist, Mr. G. Taylor ;
2d, Mr. Cobbe. Twelve double Petunias. — ist, Mr. J,
J. Hobbs. Hand bouquet.— ist, Mr. C. W. Hall; 2d.
Mr. Merson. l-Vuits and vegetables were also shown
somewhat largely and well, especially Potatos, including
Prizetaker, Reading Russet, Vicar of Laleham, and
Schoolmaster.

The cottager^' classes, more especially those for Potatos,
Onions, Marrows, and Carrots, were keenly contested,
and the produce of the gardens of cottagers and artisans
were ahke meritorious and creditable to the cultivators.

Mr. Swaffield, Exotic Nursery, Bournemouth ; Mr. W.
Sephonson, Haywood, Bournemouth ; Mr. Horsey,
Westbourne ; and the Rev. E. R. Phelps, contributed a
variety of plants not for competition, as also did tlie
Messrs. D. is. W. Stewart, of the Ferndown Nurseries,
Wimborne, a fine variety of neatly grown coniferous
trees in pots, including Retinospora pluniosa aurea,
Thuia borealis compacta, Cupressus pulcherrima, &c. ,
and which effectively furnished the entrance hall to the
exhibition, the Secretary of which {Mr. Hairy Nash)
deserves a word of praise, as also do the comnnttee, for
the satisfactory manner in which the management of the
exhibition was carried out.

sections at the Manitoba Farm in the Forcstiy Exhibi-
tion under the name of Red Fir. Coming to -he Silver
Firs he mentioned the Nordmanniana and ihe Abies
nobilis ol California. The latter, althuu^h it had only
been in this count:y for thirty-five year>, aii-iin da height
of from So to 100 feet. The Abies lasiocupi r. nked next,
and was one of the most important introdnc ons of the
Oregon Association. The majestic Silver Fir, Abies
grandis, from California, look thi! first rank in
size among the gigantic Firs of N-^rih-We t America,
where the wood was highly valued 1 y settlers.
Being so lolty, it was impossible to ciimb ihe trees, and
as the cones were destroyed by the filling of the trees,
the seeds were lost. Of tl;e I'mcs proper here were the
Austrian Pine, with its sombre and \\\ ssive aspect,
hardy consiitutiju, and rapid j;rowiti ; an<! the Corsican
Fir, a geograpliic.il development of the la t-named, and
the quality, quantity, general miliiy, and ■ arly maturity
of which were unsurpassed among the I'ne tribe, and
made it a rival o! the now di^eised Lard. PinusJef-
friyii would produce uure timber in a gi/. n period than
any of our native Scots Fir, and a qualiiy of wood not
inferior to any tree of similar age. It grew in Edinburgh
at the rale of about 15 inelies a year. P. Uenlhaniiana
and P. ponderos.i were van itions of the .-ame tree ; and
another Californian Pine, whicli had bi-cn recommended
for extensive planting \\ this couiiliy, WoS the P. monti-
cola. but it had not became very popular v/iili arboricul-
turists. Mr. M'Chire, Trinity Grove, exlibited a magni-
ficent specimen of tlie brilliant mule Pir.k named Napo-
leon 111.

Scottish Horticultural Association. — The fifth
ordinary meeting of this Association was held at 5. St.
Andrew Square, on Tuesday, August 5. Mr. Robert
Morrison presiding. Mr. Alexander M'Kenzie, Warris-
ton Nurseries, read a paper on " Conifernc," confining
himself to the first section of the Conifer tribe— Spruce
and Silver Firs, and the Pines proper. Having described
in succession the Picea Alcoquiana from Jajjan, the
Spruces of North America, and the Eastern Spruces,
Mr. M'Kenzie referred to the Prince Albert Hemlock
Fir from California, which was, he said, superior in
every respect to the Canadian form of the same tree,
or the Douglas Fir Mr. M'Kenzie said ihi-rewere nrii'

Massachusetts Horticultural : Boston, 7"'}' '9*
— To-day, being priz"- d ly for Hollyhocks, a large num-
ber of exhibits were made. Next to these the native
flowers shown by Mrs. P. D. Richards and Mr. E. H.
Hitchings, and the herbaceous plants exhibited by J. W.
Manning, Reading, Mass., and Ml^sS. W. Story, were
very interesting and instructive. Mrs. P. D. Richards
showed the following wild flowers : — Potentilla anserina,
Asclepias incarnata, PhytoUcca d' candra, Sericocarpns
conyzoides, .Solidagoarguta. Ceanoihusamericanus.Geum
strictum, Minmlus ringens, Drosera longifolia, D. rotun-
difolia, Agiimonia Eupatorium, Lilium philadelphicum,
L. canadensis, Myric i cerifera, C( rydalis glauca, Utri-
cularia vulgaris, Specularia perfotiata, DJervilla trifida,
Aster macropbyllus, Ranunculus multifidus, Anemone
virginiana, Polygala sanguinea, Monotropa hypopytis,
M. uniflora, Lysimachia strict a, Habenaria lacera.
Solidago canadensis, Leonurus Cardiaca, Melampyrum
americanum, Desmodium acuminatum, Epilobiumangus-
tifolium, .Apocynum andros3_mifoliuni, Cephalanthus
occidentalis- Most of these plants had their common
names attached, so that those who were not botanists
might know their names. Mr. E. H. Hitchings exhi-
bited wild flowers, as follows :— Rumex marilimus, Os-
niarhiza longiityle, Anagallis arvensis. Anemone vir-
giniana, Leonuius Cardiaca, Fpilobium angustifolium,
Circaea canadensis, Linaria canadensis, Lysimachia
cUiata, Aclcea rubra, Mcli Ictus officinalis, M. alba,
Desmodium acuminatum, Arabis canadensis, Dianthus
Armeria, Lalhyrus maritima. Elymus virginicus, E. stri-
aius. j. N. ^Ianning showed the following herbaceous
plants, all carefully named : — Galium boreale. \'eronica
spicata, Catananche cccrulr-.', Centaurca calocf^phala,
Achillea toinenlosa. Anlhtritum liliastrum, Asclepias
verticiliata, Coreopsis lanceul. ta, Gypsopiiila paniculala.
Spiraea Ulniaria, Monarda firtulosa, Lalhyriis huifolius,
L. Salicaria, Rudbeckia niaxima, Asclepias tuberosa,
Gypsophila paniculata, Di centra eximia, Hypericum
rotuudatum. Clematis cc nea, Hibiscus moscheutos,
Heliopsis kevis, Plalyc don grandiflorus, Liatris
spicata, Malva alcea. Miss S. W. Strong showed
the following collectii n of herbaceous plants : —
Aquilegia chrysanthn, Clypsophylla paniculata, Achil-
lea millefolium, Funkirf ovata, Galium boreale,
Lnthyrus latifolius. L. Salicaria, Yucca fil.imentosa,
Ht'lianthus, Clematis integrifolia, Staiice, Coreopsis
lanceolata. Mrs. E. M. tjill showed a collection of
Lilies and Hollyhocks. '1 he Hollyhock was shown very
largely by many contributors. Miss S. W. Story and
Mrs. E. S. Joyce made extensive displays of cut flowers.
The Wliite (ionii.in and Fay's Prolific Currants were
shown, and the McLaren Raspberry.

Dr. Henry P. Walcott was appointed delegate, with
power to appoint a substitute, to the congress of the
Socictc Ccntrale d'Horticulture du Departemenl de la
Seinc-Inft^rieure, to be held at Rouen, Oct. 3—12.

"J/ih 26. — :\\. the free exhibition of to-day, held from
12 A.M. to 3 r.M , quite a large and varied collection of
plants and vegetables were shown. Among the most
noticeable groups of plants were the native wild plants
shown by Mrs. P. D. Richards, an eminent botanist, who
hus shown more than 100 difTerent specimens this year
all carefully named with both the scientific and the
common name, thus making it very instructive to all.
Mr. E. H. Hitchings contributed a plant of Cicer
arietinnm ; John C. Hovey exhibited a new double
Amaryllis from Japan, and Convolvulus leptophyllus
from New Mexico. Brassica verrucosa, a splendid
Orchid, was shown by Joseph Tailby. Mrs. Mar-
j^arct Parker sl'.owed flowers of Nelumhimn speciosum
and Linmochavis Humboldtii. Mrs. E. Wood con-
tributed a handsomely arranged vase of flowers, and J.
H. Woodford a large boutpiet ol Sweet Peas, Hon,
M. P. Wilder showed the new Rose raised and named
for him by the late lamented Henry B. lilUvangcr, son
of Mr. Geo. Ellwanger, of Rochester, New York, widely
known for his popular w^rk on The I^ose, and for his
careful classification of the queen of flowers, and his
enterprising experiments in its hybridisation. It is of
splendid form, colour, and very r-Ttjrant, and has every
indication of becoming a coniinu. .*• bloomer. All the
fruits of the season— Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants,

August i6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

219

Gooseberries, &c. — werewell represented. \\''an-en Kenno
showed large specimens of Speedwell Gooseberries, and
Mrs. E. M. Gill, Whilesmiih. B. K. Bliss & Son, of
New York, showed vines of Abundance and Bliss
Kverbearing Peas ; one o( the former bore seventy-one
pods, and one of the latter scveniy-five. Correspondent.

STATE OF HIE WEATflER AT BLACKHEATH, LOXDOy,
FOK THK WiiEK Ending Wednesday, Aicisr 13, 1884,

I'kmperature of
THK Air.

Hyjjroiiic-
trical He

ductions

from
Olaislier's
Tables 6ih

Ediiion

Aug. In. III. „ I o I ;.

7 29^36 +0.1184.0,55.5 28. s'eS 9+ 6.959.3 71

8 igSS +O-13 87 .o6t.o 26.0 73.4 +10.460.5 63

9 5983 +00884.561.023.571.11+9.0^05 6g
10 agSo +0058^.558.524.069.5+ 7457-1

E.: !t^^.ja.co
£. 0 CO
N.E. !o u2

0.00

, 1076 +0.01 91.0.61.0 30.0 75.7: +13.5 S7I 52

,, ( N.W.
^n N.E.

{ S.S.E. °-^°

I

13 '29.78 +3.0282.064.018.071.11+ 8.960.1

13 39.8* +oo677.5j6o.5 »7.o67.6J+ 5.4,59.2 75 1 S W 0.03
Mean 29.82 +0.07 84. );6o. 2 23.9 70.9 + 8.859.1 65 N.E. '005

Aug. 7. — Very fine day and nigKt.

— 8. — Very fine day and night,

— 9. — Very fine till z.30 p.m., bright at Intervals after-

wards. Rain from 9 p m

— ic. — Dull, fog in morning. Very fine aficnioon and

night.

— It. — Very fine day and niplit. Lightning at night.

— 12. —Lightning and thunder in early morning. Vtry

fine day and night.

— - 13. — Fine and bright ai times. Rain falling at 10 p. m.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August 9, the reading of the barometer in-
creased from 30.02 inches at the beginning of the
week to 30.32 inches by midnight on the +th, decreased
1030.20 inches by 3 p.m. on the 5th, increased to
30.26 inches by midnight on the same day ; de-
creased to 30.08 inches by 3 p.m., increased to 30.10
inches by midnight on the 6th ; decreased to 29.97
inches by 3 p.m., increased to 30.10 inches by mid-
night on the 7ih, decreased to 30 05 inches by 3 p.m.
on the Sih, increased to 30.0S inches by midnight
on the same day, decreased to 29,98 inches by 3 p.m.
on the 9th, and was 30.04 inches by the end of the
week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.11 inches, being 0.04 inch higher than last
week, and 0.19 inch above the average of she week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 87% on the Sth ; the highest
on the 4th was 73°. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 79°. 7.

The lowest temperature was 46'', on the 5ih ; on
the Sih and 9th the lowest temperature was 61°.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
S4°-4.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was 3 1 °,
on the 5th ; the smallest was 19°. 5, on the 3d,
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 25°. 3.

The mean temperatures were — on the 3d, 62' ; on
the 4th, 6o*'.3 ; on the 5th, 6i''.4 ; on the 6ih, 65° ;
on the 7th, 68". 9 ; on the Sth, 72°.4 ; and on the 9th,
7i*.i. Of these the first three were below by o". 2,
l*'.9, and o"'.7 respectively ; the rest were above by
2°.g,'6'.9, 10°. 4, and 9^, respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 65°. 9, being
1^9 higher than last week, and 3°, 8 above the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the si:n
was 148°, on the 7th. The mean of the seven
daily readings was I38^4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 37% on the 5th.
The mean of the seven readings was 43°.6.

Rain, — 0.02 inch fell on the 9th.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 9 the highest temperatures were 90°. 4, at
Cambridge, 87°. 5 at Noltinghatn, 87° at Blackhcath ;

the highest at Sunderland was 70°, at Hull 76", at
Plymouth 78°.3. The general mean was S2''.4.

The lowest temperatures were 42° at Truro, Cam-
bridge, and Hull ; the lowest at Brighton was 5I°.S,
at Sunderland 51", at Liverpool 50". 5. The general
mean was 46°.

The greatest ranges were 48°.4 at Cambridge,
43°. 5 at Nottingham, 41" at Blackheath ; the smallest
ranges were 19° at Sunderland, 28*. 5 at Brighton,
30°. 3 at Plymouth. The general mean was 36^.4.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, Si". 9, at Blackheath 79^7,
at Nottingham 77°.9 ; and was lowest at Sunder-
land, 67''.5, at Bradford 71°. 3, at Liverpool 71". 9.
The general mean was 74", 2.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 57^7, at Liverpool 57", at Ply-
mouth 56°. 2 ; and was lowe.'^t at Cambridge, 49°. 4,
Wolverhampton 5o\2, at Hull 50°. 9. The general
mean was 53^4.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
32^.5, at Nottingham 26^3, at Blackheath 25^3 ;
and was least at Sunderland, 13°. 5, at Liverpool
14". 9, Preston i6°.7. The general mean was 20°.S.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
6^^9, at Brighton 64^8, Cambridge 63''.9 ; and was
lowest at Sunderland, 59°, at Wolverhampton Sg'.S,
at Hull 60". r. The general mean was 62". i.

Rain. — The largest falls were 0.19 inch at Shef-
field, o. II inch at Hull, 0.09 inch at Truro; the
smallest falls were o. 01 inch at Bristol, 0.02 inch at
Blackheath and Sunderland. The general mean fall
was 0.03 inch. No rain fell at Plymouth, Brighton,
Wolverhampton, Nottingham, Liverpool, Bolton,
Bradford, Leeds, or Preston.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 9 the highest temperature was 78°. 3, at
Paisley ; at Aberdeen the highest was 70*. 5. The
general mean was 75°. 2.

The lowest temperature in the week was 46". 3, at
Dundee ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was 5i°.4.
The general mean was 49^". I.

The mean temperature was highest at' Paisley,
6t°.9, and lowest at Edinburgh, 58^ The general
mean was 59°. 8,

Rain. — The largest fall was 0,24 inch, at Paisley ;
and the smallest fall was o.oi inch, at Leith, The
general mean fall was o.oS inch. No rain fell at
(ilasgow or Edinburgh.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Variorum.

Destruction of British Flora. — Under the
above heading, Mr. R. Goodwin Mumbray, of Rich-
mond, contributed a ."suggestive and u=;eful letter to
a recent issue of the PharniaLCiitical "JoicrnaL We
have pleasure in reproducing Mr. Mumbray's re-
marks, because they have considerable force in
respect to the ignorant and wasteful destruction
of British flora. He says: — "It is a matter of
regret to all lovers of natural science when any
part of the great and wondrous scheme of creation
is interfered with. Those who admire flowers,
whether they be botaniils or not, must deplore the
wanton destruction of their favourites. Beautiful and
interesting specimens have been exterminated by
ignorant cadgers or unscrupulous traders in our native
flora. Many years since the Cypripedium (Lady's
Slipper) was abundant in Bolton Woods, Yorkshire,
until the spot was visited by an enterprising Cockney,
who employed a number of rustics to grub up the
plant at 2ii. a root, to be transported from their de-
lightful home to languish and perish on the arid win-
dow-sills of a wilderness of bricks and mortar. The
same thing has occurred with the Asplenium, Adian turn
Capillus-\'eneris (Maidenhair Fern), and the beauti-
ful little Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (Tunbridge
Wells Fern). The Fern destroyers are out all the
summer, and bring their spoils to Covent Garden, or
hawk them about from door to door. They usually
bring the hardier kinds, as Scolopendrium (Harts-
tongue), Lastrea Filix-mas, and F.-fcemina (male and
female Ferns), and many others that adorn our hedge-
banks and coppices. Such marauders should not be
encouraged. They are generally a set of lawless
vagrants, who if they go on in their reckless course
will in the end not leave a single representative of
the genera. Another source of complaint is the
drainage and enclosure of common lands. Wimble-
don is an example. Twenty years ago many species
of bog and marsh plants were abundant ; now you
cannot find a single specimen of Menyanthes tri-
foliata (Bog-bean), or even a small patch of Sphag-
num (Bog-moss). Drosera has long since disap-
peared, although I have seen the ground fretted over

with it like a garment of rich brocade glistening in

the early morning sun. Speculating builders, too,
find 'eligible sites,' upon which they not unfrequently
erect villas that are never occupied, and even never
finished, as at Wallington and Surl)iton ; these
levellers cut down sheltering trees and shrubs that
protect and foster many delicate plants. I have
found the Aquilegia (Columbine), and the Serapias
ensifolia (Sword-leaved Helleborinc) at Rcigate, but
on revisiting the place all was changed. A wealthy
Cit. has bought a hill, erected a fence around it, with
notices conspicuously stating than 'Mantraps and
dog-spears are placed here.' This hill was a good
hunting-ground for many choice species of Orchis and
Ophrys. To make matters worse, the enlightened
owner of the estate has turned down a lot of rabbits,
which may be seen grubbing up and devouring every
tuber they can find. Near Gomshall we found a
small patch of bog, a perfect garden of delights, in
which we spent many hours. It was thickly studded
with Menyanthes (which in the esteem of Mr. Curtis
' may compete for beauty with the choicest exotics '),
Lychnis, Orchis latifolia (Marsh Orchis), with a thick
undergrowth of such plants as AnagaUis tenella (Bog
Pimpernel), Hypericum clodes (Marsh St. John's-
wort), and many others too numerous to mention in
this space. A subsequent visit revealed an unpleas-
ing fact ; the erection of sheds, steam sawing-
machines, and other significant indications of indus-
trial occupation. Next visit we may expect further
encroachments ; perhaps the disappearance of the
bog, or a row of 'desirable residences ' on the site.
Is there no remedy for this unfortunate state of
things ? Government has of late years sho *vn a laud-
able desire to preserve some of our suburban recrea-
tion grounds. The 'Ten Commandments' of Mr,
Ayrton are still in force at Hampstead ; would it not
be possible to transfer to some suitable locality — say
Keston Common — • specimens of all our less common
wild plants before they are utterly destroyed ? Such
a herbarium would be of permanent value, of a still
more useful, if not of so ornamental and expensive a
character, as the Royal Gardens at Kew."

Sarracenia purpurea, L., grows exclusively in
the districts in the centre and in the Northern
United States, where it spreads among'the sphagnum,
and finds in the damp moss everything necessary
for its existence. It especially thrives in America in
slightly shaded spots — a condition which would cor-
respond in our climate to exposure to the full glare of
the sun, as in Pennsylvania and in the State of New
York the temperature attains a degree unknown to
us. The temperature frequently rises in summer to
35'' R. (112° F.) In winter, on the contrary, the cold is
intense, and it is not rare to see the temperature de-
scend as low as 25° R. below zero (— 25^.6 F.). The
climatal conditions under which Sarracenia purpurea
grow are thus completely different from those of the
Southern districts inhabited by the above-mentioned
species. It would be a great mistake, therefore, to
submit them all to exactly the same treatment.
Sarracenia purpurea might be cultivated without
doubt in Germany in the open air on the proper soil.
Roczl in ** La Bdgiquc Hortiiok^'''' ^. 307, 18S3.

-to-

Abies nobilis. — In answer to a recent inquiry, as to
the probable cause of the injury to the cones of this
plant, may I suggest that probably the hot, dry
weather is answerable for it, by causing the apex of the
cone to shrivel, and ultimately fall out. W. P. [The
appearance of the cone does not bear out this view, as
no sign of shrivelling is apparent. Ed.]

ARAUCyVKiA: G. D. T. It is not very uncommon to see
this in fruit.

Average Crops : B. According to Mr. Kioore's re-
turns, 29 bushels of Wheat, 35 of Barley, ^o of Oats,
5 Ions of Potatos, 27 bushels of Beans, 26 of Peas,
and i\ ton of hay per acre, may be assumed as a fair
average throughout the country. Of course it may be
largely exceeded in places, according to circumstances.

Book on the Vfnr : Amateur D. Barron on TIu
Vine would suit your wants. To be had of Mr. A. F.
Barron, Royal Horticultural Society's Garden, Cbis-
wick.

CARNAT10N.S AND PicoTEEs : W. H. HartlatiJ. The
flowers were such as are generally classed as "good
border sorts ;"' very iii^eful for flower-garden use,

220

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, i£

abundant bloomers, and therefore very desirable.
There are immense numbers similar to those sent.
Cattleya : H. if. H. A pretty pale C. Eldorado,

approaching that known as C. Wallisii.
Dahlias : E. L. Weston. There is nothing unusual in

the fusion of two fiower-heads.
Eucalyptus : R. V. F. No species is mentioned in
the Pharmicofaia, Probably E. globulus is meant,
though any species would answer the purpose.
EUCHARIS AND EouvAKDiA : Bouvardia. Your
Eucharis seem to be suffering from a temperature
much too high for them, as it is apparently accom-
panied by insufficient ventilation. The leaves will
lock well for a time, but they are very deficient in firm
texture. The Bouvardias have the now well-known
Bouvardia disease, for which there is no remedy ; but
if you cut the plants down, the new growth will
probably be quite healthy.
Florists' Flowers : C. It is a matter of opinion and
taste, but the opinion of those who are best informed
and have the best artistic eye naturally should have
greatest weight. One objection, and to our thinking
a verv strong one, is that the natural characters of the
flower are perverted, its history and lineage obscured,
the tale it has to tell garbled. Just as phonetic spell-
ing, however convenient (?), destroys all the history
and significance of words, so the rules of the florist,
arbitrarily applied to all and any sorts of flowers,
destroy their meaning. If symmetrical forms are
wanted — and they are worthy of all admiration — let us
have them where they are appropriate, but not else-
where. But if you don't care for the "eternal
verities" you are at perfect liberty to indulge your
own fancies.
Fritillaria nigra: C. W. D. We should be happy
to supply you with bulbs of Alopecurus bulbosus more
cheaply than the dealer who supplied what appears
to be this grass as Fritillaria nigra.
Microbe : L. This is a new term, not to be found in
botanical text-books, not even in the recently published
edition of Henfrcy's Elementary Course. It applies
generally and vaguely to tlie whole brood of germs
variously known as Schizomycetes, Bacteria, Vibrio,
Bacillus. Micrococcus, Sarcina, c&c. It is thus a useful
word, if rather vague in its application. Air, earth,
water, are full ol these microbes, under ordinary
circumstances, but it is only special forms under special
conditions that aie injurious. In a topmost rojm at
the Health Exhibition may be seen a series of sueli
microbes in process of "cultivation." There is the
tubercle bacillus, the b.iciUus of splenic fever, of cholera,
and we know not what beside. Fortunately, they are
not allowed to escape !
Names of Fruit : A/^ple. Apple : Sugar-loaf Pippin.

—H. C. Fig: Brown Turkey, or Lee's Perpetual.'
Names of Plants : F. N. i, Brodirea laxa ; 2, B.
peduncularis ; 3, Davallia ch.-Brophylla. — D. de V.
Probably a variety of Dendrobium longicornu. — I V. I V.
I, Sequoia sempervirens (the Californian Red-wood).
We are not aware that the bark is used for Pine-wool
but it seems adapted for that purpose. 2, Acanthus
spinosus : 3, Polygonum cuspidatum ; 4, Bocconia
cordata ; 5, Epilobiuni sp., perhaps a while variety of
E. angus'.ilolium. — Spes. Gentiana asclepiadea.
O.XALIS : C. /I/. O. The Oxalis figured in the last
edition of Henfrey's Elementary Course, just pub-
hshed, is that of the species originally figured in these
columns by the late' Ur, Welwitsch, and in which the
leaves are folded upwards in so-called sleep, instead of
downwards, as in most otiier cases.
Peaches Shrivelling and Falling Oi-f : W. H.
Have you over-cropped your trees this year or last ?
— as by so doing you may be able to obtain seed, but it
will be covered with leathery-like fruit, which soon
shrivels, and is really uneatable, whilst a very few
favourably placed fruits might attain fair proportions.
Smut on Roses : The fungus on Roses is Capnodium
Footii ; it usually grows on evergreens. Laurel, Ivy,
&c., but at other times on deciduous plants. It is
a remarkable fungus, as it is very frequently accom-
panied by a lichen named Strigula Babmgtonii. The
lichen is never on the fungus, but the fungus covers
the lichen ; wherever the fnngus comes in contact with
the lichen it kills it. It is often called Fumago.
W. G. S.
Southampton Show: Frkatum.— In transcribing our
notes of the above show, a report of which appeared in
last week's issue, we inadvertently gave first place for
two bunches of black Crapes to Mr, Molyneux,
instead of to his neighbour. Mr. F. J. Cox, gr. to
R. K. Wyndham, Esq., Corhamp:on House, Bishop's
Waltham, who obtained that award with two well-
finished bunches of Madresfield Court. And in the
same way we omitted mentioning that Messrs. John
Laing & Co., Forest Hill, London, put up. not for
competition, two stands of grand tuberous Begonia
blooms, which attracted much attention on account of
their great size, fine form, substance, and colour.
Thistles in Pastures, and White Scab on Silver
AND OTHER FiRS : Sir D. BairJ. For the first fre-
quent cutting, spudding, and high manuring. For
the second the applicaiion of a pclrolcum emulsion
(soapy water as a basis), wiih a fire-engine, stirring the
mixture the while.
*^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
•written on one side only of the paper and sent as early

in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not
to the Editor.

I^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-OfBce Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the Post
Office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.

Fruit. — Averagb Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Apples, ^^-sieve . . 2 o- 4 o
Currants, black, per

Js-sieve . . .. 39-40

— red, J^-sieve .. 36-40
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Dickson, Brcwn & Tait, Manchester — Dutch and

French Bulbs.
Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Hyacinths, Roses,

Clematis.
Fotheringham & Wallace, Dumfries— Bulbs.
Dickson & Co., Waterloo Place, Edinburgh — Flower

Roots, &e.
R. G. Neale, Wandsworth Common— Bulbs.
Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt— Roots and Bulbs.
L. Sp.ath, Berlin — Bulbs.
A. Dickson & Sons, Belfast— Dutch Bulbs
Dickson & Robinson, Manchester — Bulbs, Roots, &c.
Hogg & Woods, Coldstream— Dutch Flower Roots.
|. Dickson & Sons, Edinburgh— Dutch Flower Roots.
Tiios. Kennedy & Co., Dumfries — Dutch Flower

Roots.

COM^IUNICATIONS RECEIVED. — W. f. M. O. P. — H. E. —

(-. I— D. de \birrado,— C. M.— J. W. P., Hammeifest —
H. M. O.-H. W. V/.— W. H.— G. D. R— C. & C-J. S.

" I/c that ijucsliofieth much sJiall learn much." — Bacon.

Colour for Cement Blocks.— Can any one inform
the undersigned of the best colouring material to colour
cement blocks to represent natural stone? Being for
an outdoor rockery it would doubtless require some solu-
tion to render the colours weatherproof and binding.
Ten Yean' Subscriber.

DIKD, on the 5th inst., Mary Anne, aged fifty-two,
the beloved wife of Edward W. BADGER, of Merton
Lodge, Mo^eley, Birmingham.

arkts.

COVENT GARDEN, August 14,

[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the priocipal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed, 1

Soft fruit is now over, prices being well maintained to
the last. Plums and Apples have commenced in fair
supply, and are making good values. Hothouse fruit is
quiet. Large supplies of Grapesjfrom Channel Islands.
James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Aver.
s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor- vitae (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 &-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. ,. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardii, dozen .. g c-i8 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 40-90
Chrysanth., dozen .. 40-60
Coclt'Comb', d^z. .. 26-40
Cokus, varioii*. d'l'. 2040
Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
DracEcna term. doi...3o 060 o

— viridis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Erica, varioui, doz. 9 0-18 o
fcluonymus, various,

per dozen .. .. 9 o-i8 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen .. -.6 0-24 o

Ferns, m var., dozen 4 o-i3 o
Ficus elasiica, each 16-70

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s, d. I J. d. s. d.

Abutilon. 12 bunches 20-40 Lavender, 12 bun.

Arum l..ilies, 12 bims. 30-60
Asters, 12 bu'ches,. 30-60
Bouvardias, per buD. 09-10
Calceolaria, 12 sprays 04-10
Carnations, 12 bun. 20-60
Cornrtower, 12 bun . . 20-40
Dahlias, 12 bunches 30-60
EschschoItzia,i2bun. 20-40
Eucharis, per doz. .. 30-60
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . .,20-60
Gardenias, la blms.. 30-60
01 lOiolu.s, various,

12 bunches .. 6 0-12 o

Heliotropes, izsp. .. 06-10
Lapageria, white, la

blooms .. ..20-30

— red, 12 blooms.. 10-20

6 o 8 (

2 o- .

^ o

s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case.. 10 o- 14 o
Melons, each .. 20-30

Pine-apples, Eng.,Ib. 36-46
Pfaches.per doz. .. 2 o-io o
Plums, }6-sieve . . 40-90

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
. d. 5. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 20-40

Asparagus, English,
per 100 . . ..30-50

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, lb. o 4~ ••

Beet, per doz. -. 10-..

Cabbages, per doz... 10-16

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 30-40

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen .. .,26-36

Garlic, per lb. ...06-.

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

PoTATOS.— Old Potatos finished. New — Jersey kidneys much
diseased— stopped coming ; Kent kidneys, £5 10s. to £7
per ton.

SEEDS.

London : Aug. 13. — No new feature of interest or
importance presented itself on the seed market to-day.
Trifolium continues exceedingly cheap. Sowing Rape
seed is steady, at the moderate rates now ruling. For
white Mustard seed there is a fair inquiry at unchanged
quotations. Of Rye the supply is meagre. New winter
Tares are abundant, good, and cheap. More money is
asked ior Canary seed, yoh/i Shaw dj' Sons, Seed
Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C,

d. s. d.

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . o6- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch., o g- ..
Peas. English, quart 16-..
Radishes, per do/. .. 16-..
Small salading, per

punnet . . ..04-..

Spinach, per strike.. 20-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. 10- ..
Turnips, new, bun. .. 08-..

CORN,

At Mark Lane on Monday prices of new Wheats were
lower than in the earlier sales, though the condition and
quality were quite as good. Red Wheats sold at 36J. to
38J,, and white at 40J. to 42J. Foreign Wheats were
almost unsaleable at 2/. decline on the fortnight. Flour
was depressed, in sympathy with Wheat, and the top
price of town reduced 3.?.. making the present quotation
37J. per sack. The new Barley trade was dull. There
was no quotable change In Beans ; for Peas and Lentils
prices were reduced 6d. to u. ; and Oats, with large
arrivals, were 6d. lower ; Maize was quiet and unchanged
in value. — On Wednesday business was quite at a stand-
still, and prices of Wheat and flour were merely nominal,
but they were weak. No quotable change occurred in
the prices of spring corn, but there was hardly sufficient
doing to test quotations. — Average prices of corn for the
week ending August 9 : — Wheat, 37J. 6d. ; Barley,
28J. 3(/. ; Oats zy. \d. For the corresponding period
last year : — Wheat, 43J. 6(f. ; Barley, 27J. ^d. ; Oats,
23 J. lid.

CATTLE.

At the Metropohtan Market on Monday the cattle
supplies were not heavy. Trade opened slow, finishing
quite 2(/., in some cases 4(/., under Monday se'nnight,
except in a few isolated cases. Sheep and lambs were
less numerous than on the previous Monday, but no ad-
vance was established, although the trade opened rather
more cheerfully. Trade in calves was rather better than
last reported. Quotations : — Beasts, 4J. to 5^. j\d., and
5j. 6rf. to 55. 8tf. ; calves, 4^. Srf. to 51. Srf. ; sheep,
5J. to 5f. dd., and 55. M. to 6s. %d. ; lambs, 6/. to js.
Thursday's trade was quiet in tone. Beasts were a shade
firmer than on Monday, but sheep and lambs were dull
and flat ; calves also were f!at.

AGE Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Heliotrope, doz. .. 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 o-i8 o

— paniclata. doz. 18 0-36 o
Lilium longiBorum,

per dozen .. 24 o 36 o

— lancifolium, doz. 9 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. .. 8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz 30-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,

each .. ..3 6-31 o

Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen .. ,.60180

— scarlet, per dnz , . 30-90
Petunias, per dozen 30-60
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 40-60
Solaoums, dozen ., g 0-15 o

Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60
Mignonette, 12 bun, 10-40
Pelargoniums, per 12

spiays .. ..06-10

Pinks, various, 13

bunches .. ..20-60

Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrelhurm, 12 bun. 30-60
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 40-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40

— (ouidoor), 12 bun. 3 o- g o

— coloured, doz, .. 2 o- 0 o
Stephanoti-, 12 spr. 20-40
Stocks. 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-40
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 20-40
Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-10
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that supplies were
short, and prices firm. Quotations : — Prime old Clover,
95J. to 117s. ; inferior, 60s. to 751. ; prime second cut,
90J, to 117J'. ; best meadow hay, Sos. to 975. ; inferior,
40s. to 651. ; and straw, zBs. to 40J. per load. — The
Cumberland Market report states that supplies were
large and trade dull. Quotations :— Clover, prime old,
loos, to iioj. ; second quality, 8o.t. to 96J. ; inferior,
60s. to 701.; hay, best old meadow, Sos. to 95J.; inferior,
60s. to 75 J.; new, 65 r. to 68j. ; and straw, 30J. to $Ss.
per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that supplies continue moderate, and prices steady to
rather dearer. Quotations : — Kent kidneys, 6s. to js.;
Essex ditto, 5s. to 6s. ; Shaws, 4s. to sr. ; Hebrons,
5i. to yj. ; Early Roses, 4^. to 4J. 6«/. ; Regents, 5,^. to
6s. per cwt. The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 24 packages 48 casks from Boulogne, and 24
packages from St. Nazaire.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 15.?. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, i+r. gd. ; Walls End— Hctton, 17s. ; Helton
Lyons, 15J. ; Lambton, i6s. 6d. ; Wear, ic,s. ; Bin-
chester, 15^. ; East Hartlepool, i6s. ^d. ; Souih Hartle-
pool, 15J. 3'/. ; Tees, 17s.

Government Stock- — Consols closed on Monday
and Tuesday at loo^ to looj for delivery, and loo^'jj to
100 ("V for the account. Wednesday's closing figures
were'ioo^ to looj for delivery, and iqo3 to 100^ for the
account. ' The final quotations of Thursday were looj
to 100^ for delivery, and lOo', ^ to ioo\J^ for the account.

August i6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

221

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardeiis. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse. 15. 3(/. per
sack ; 10 for im., 15 for 17^., 30 for 30^. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 335. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, $s. per
sack : 5 for 7zs. (>ti. Ulack Fibrous Peat, 41. td. per sack ; 5 for
ios. , sacks 4^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is Cd. per bushel,
25*. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at ir. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, ts. per sack. Garden Slicks and Labels. Russia
Al.tis, &c Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
S.V. per lb. ; Specialite Paper, imported solely by us, 10;/. per
lb.. 2Slb. 2ii. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERRERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., iate
19, New Broad Street, E.G.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is. and 23. 6d. Sealed Bags, ■; cwt., 8s. ;
1 cwt, 13s.

MANUF.XCTUKED HV

W.H.Beeson.CarbrookBoneMills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Go., Ltd ,

I 18, Fuisbury Street, E.G., and Shad Thames. London, S E.
Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and
Floiists ia the Kingdom.

FOh
GLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

CREEN SHADIi^C.

ConveniLnt, Inexpensive. Easily applied. Lasts all Ibe
Bummer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom in Azaleas, U B B tf^U iF"0 1
&c., and for Cut Flowers. Fb WLflri&&

FLORAL CEiVIEiMT.

A gieat boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly, t^old in bottles. Is. & 2s. Per post, 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For 1'n.v^utiugr Vines Bleedinnf after Pruning-.

Very ellecttial in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1, (j and 2, G. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying P.eetles. Cockroaches, LBIEnUr^'

Crickets, Lugs. Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. nU Wn &d

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most etfectual in GrcLnihouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing, rhce 6d., Is. & 23. Cd. Per po:3t, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, ^^S^^IS^^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

FiU TRFF HIS IWSEctiCBDE
ila lllblL UBSi. (Soluble inWater)
Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots
or Foliage of Trees and PUnt:'. Kills all Vegetable Grubs.
Turnip Fly, &o. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Grapea
from Mealy Bug. ic, and makes a good Winter Dressing,
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists. 1'6. 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12'6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on "Fir Tree
Oil," and its application, sfnt free on receipt of address, Jy the
Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co.; Corry, Soper, Fowler and
Co.; C. E. OsMAN & Co., and from all the London Seed,
Merchants and "Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. *

HUGHES'

One to four toaspoonsful <.i
the Fir Tree Oil to a pint of soit
water will answer for all iusoet^
on plants. For furtherdirectioiis
see lahel on bottle.

B- QklfFITHS HUGHES. Operative Chemist,
VTCIORll STREET. MANCHESTER.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1S59 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Biight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations ir^tended to
supersede it. Boxes, u., 3^., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d, and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

THREE ^\-^f\<t ^

MEDALS ^\^-$

SOUTH KEN
SINGTON, 1S33,

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus ccnipleic.

CATALOGUE
free.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

.5- ,:ti«tgf

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and I. on.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
w 'th Prices, Po^t-ffee.

%£■

kJfrCHCATE ROAD .LONDON.

B«l^i;lUlST-

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &o.

b^-^

Illustraled CATALOGUE Free en application.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;

And :i. Crooked Lane. King Wi'Iiam Street. Lo(id.;n. F.C.

BtLGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, dic.

Can be obiained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SOi^,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
II in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in, by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-oz,
and 2I-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutling-up
purp'ist^s, in 200-ft. and ^oo-ft, cases.

21-OZ. Foreign of tl e above "^u^-^ in 100 and 2^0 feet boxes,
3ds ai d 4ths qii.diiiei a « i^s kept id st jck

A laige stock of siniildjr current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating aod Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obiained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John's Street, West Smlthfield, London, E C-

Stock List and Prices on application Quote Chrouide.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POniNG PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

""' ' ■' p3| jBMMJi '§&Mi

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN A

GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, conse<|uently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
vtry durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design
t. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; Kmg's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Kingsland Road. E.

Agenis for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.

PLAN 1 COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; aKo

'V'.JOXLEYS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

QRNAMKNTAL PAVING TILES,

V-/ fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 31. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Dc^iuns, wiih Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, (or Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, lialhs, &c. Grooved and other Slable

Paving ol great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tdes

of all kinds. Roofing Tibs in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c

F. ROSHER ANn CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L ~V E R ^~S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Tt-u
or Trucklor.d, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLIN I S and BRICK BURRS (or Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rales in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

TEN SILVER

AWARDED

MEDALS

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,

^ Weston-super-Mark. Manufacturer of 1 ERRA-
CO'ITA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from t to 30 inches diameter, stand the froits, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, bd. Book of Designs, is.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH

(or Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone. '

{,Regtit€ied Trade Mafk )

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint rn
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
Its genuine good quahty, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale, it
may be applied by an ordinary labouier, requires no mixing
or thinniiig, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the N<.>bility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid 10 any
Station in the Ktiedom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Piercc/ieid Park, June 21. 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returiied with as eood Varni^h as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the vari'.^us cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kmgdom (or upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing fade in ir, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironwciks, SisfTordshire ;
iiS, Queen Victoria Street. London, E C; and ig6, St. Vincent
Stre'-t. Gla^ieiw.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. La^ts four times as I 'ng as ordinary
Indi-arubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Ped

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever.'*

Private CuUomers Supplied at Trade P?-ices.

Sample and Price ot

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufaaurers, 63, Long Acre, London, W.C.

222

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, 1884.

-~CSM.-

Price of Boiler

Heat of

and*set of

4-in. Pipe

Fittines.

150 feet

L$ to 0

3'^o «

6 15 0

400 „

8 5 0

500 .)

9 10 0

600 „

10 15 0

700 ,,

12 5 0

850 ,>

13 15 0

1000 ,,

15 10 0

1250 „

17 5 0

i6co „

19 10 0

200Q 1,

22 10 0

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,

to be the most eccnomicaloffvel, the ntosipou'erfttl, tiu simplest ^

and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars, from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

''FHE " LAN KESTER " HOT - WATER

-i- BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid, Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished ft r its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy cf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues. Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted-
Long.

A, 19 in.

B, 32 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in.

E, s8 in.

F, 32 in.
(.1, 2>^ in,
H, 4; in.
I, 48 in.
I. 54 if-
K, 60 in 200Q

• Comprises fnli size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great e.xperievcc \ — "It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite "

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last cut three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SiMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Indtpendent Boiler, with furnace front, - '~ v,*I
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
and 6 feet of funnel. This is called the " LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed ia the end or tide
wall of conservstory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas'. It can
be applied almost evevywhere. It will kf^ep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet si2e. ^^4 15 ; loofeet size, £^1 15J.

If cheque is enclosed with older 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Dtawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

Tbe Best

and Quickest

Made,

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot -water Pijies, g feet long, 41. 3*/. each ;

4-ia. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4.E. 6d. each.

Price List on application.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and secoi.d-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIdT on application to J BLACKBURN and
Sons, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i^id., and 4 yard.^ wide, ^d. per yard run,
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Oreenhousts, Irom 2%d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other sundries ai the
lowest possible prices.

CATALuGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to tlie Sole Manufacturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERFOOL.

BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S
WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN VVEATHER-
PROOE SCRYM CLOTH fcr Shadine. Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address ; School Lane, Liverpool.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Tnames St., London, E.C.

Under the Patronage ol the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

BAMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and
thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.

VIRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,
Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10. Cailion Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys bo ih Daisies, Plantains, Kib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions 00 application. 36J. per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, 10s. ;
561b. kegs, TQS. each ; sample tins, 51.. 2s. 6d. and is.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row. Leeds.

Jury's Whiskey is the finest we ever ta-^ted,— Coventry ffera/J
^^fiflOnr" 5 years' old, 3s. 6d. per bottle ; 42J. per doz.
ml iKr 7years-old. 4^. o^. „ : 48r.

I f I ^ a I ^m 1 3 years' old , 5,5. ck]^. , , ; 60s. ,,

The finhst IR'^h ^T I I II fcl 20 years' old, 6j-. per bot, :
OR Scotch Whiskey I H II Iw 72J. per doz. Samples and
III r\ ' 1 cases, rail free.

ONLY IS BONDED.

W. J. JURY,

WHISKEY STORES

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample. Irish or Scotch,
or of both, before placing their orcers. Rail free.

OLD BONDED QCV/CKj "

ORES. BELFAST. OC V Lls ,

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samples at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with raised

B1,ACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must pive these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street. E.C. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxford Street (comer of Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal-Mr. H. E. MfLNHR, A.M. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 I'.m. Prospectus and

full particulars on applicalion to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the Schno! of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNRR has moved his Offices to the above address,
wheie hii, piofessional work is now carried on.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.

To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a GariJen, or a Farm.

It Is IndispensaWe,

because it gives all the latef.t and best inlormation about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vejjetables,
the care and layiup-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvemerts, and all kindred subjects.

It Is Reliable,

becau-se its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable.

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for ihe wcrlcof the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of ih^ paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, a* well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floial picture, and may lalce his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles ofTered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Book.s, or Implt-nients.

Subscription Price, 5^. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on Nno- York or London.

B. K. BLISS & SONS, PubUshers,

34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a F'aim or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and iiddrcss, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Couities
Herald Office, Jlirmingham." Ths Midland Counties H<rala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relaiicg to
Karnis. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are :— A. AUard,
E. Andre', C. Ealtet, T. Buchetei, F. Burvenich, F. C(6pin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O, de Kerchove de
Dei.terghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. j. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkmdt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore. C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies. B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Vobcein.
H. J. Veitch, A. Wcstmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts ol 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and nuroerouis
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
115., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxeltes, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
a the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Genileman who would join him in Purchasiug
and Working a Large and Valuable Nurbery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars en application to A. B,, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington stieet. Strand, London, W.C.

ANTED, a HEAD GARDENER where

three are kept. State age, wages, and last situation.
— Apply by letter only to G 99, C. Birchall, Adveitising Agent,
Liverpool.

WANTED, a thoroughly competent GAR-
DENER. — Well acquainted with Indoor and Outdoor
Work, and capable of Managing Stove Houses, ftc. — Apply by
letter, stating age and wages required, to Mr. JOHN WID-
DOWSON, 59, Bartholomew Street, Leicester.

WANTED, in Herts, as UNDER GAR-
DENER, a young married man — one who can look
after pony and drive, if required, preferred. Wages i8f., with
lodge and spare vegetables. Must be highly recLmraended. —
H., Davies & Co., Advertising Agents, Finch Lane, CornhiH,
London, E.C.

W"^ANTED, a NURSERY WORKING
FOREMAN. Must be thoroughly well up in the
Cultivation and Propagation of Roses, Indoors and Out, in all
stages ; also with a knowledge of Forcing Flowers and Fruit for
Market. Cottage (rather small) with good garden found. An
active energetic man from 26 to about 30 years of a^e preferred.
No foreigners need apply. — State wages required, &c., to H.
BENNETT. Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepptrtcju. Middlesex.

Forest Tree Foreman.

WANTED, for a large Nursery, a thoroughly
experienced MAN, who has held a similar position,
and be able to control and direct a large ttaff of men. He must
have had practice in selecting Trees, and E-vecaiing Orders
with accuracy and despatch, — Address, v/iih particulars of ex-
perience, salary cvpected. age, Sic , FoRESr TRb.E, Messis,
Hurst S: Son, 152, Houndsdiich, Loi.don, E.

\TTANTED, in a London Nursery, a youn;.<

VV man as HARD- WOODED PROPAGATOR. Oiie
who has been accustomed to Striking Heaths in quantity, and
who is succe>sful in Grafting Roses, Clematis, &c. — D. C. L.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C

WANTED, for a Provincial Nursery, an
experienced M.\N, to take charge of ilie Herbaceous,
Bulbous, and Haidy Florist Department. He must Iuve a good
knowledge of these Plants, wilh iheir Propagation and Cuiiiva-
tion for Sale, and be used to Execute Orders wiih exactness
and despatch. — Apply, with all particulars as tn age experi-
ence, salary e-'tpecied, references, &.:., to NURSERYMAN.
Messrs. Nultmg &, Sons, 60, Barbican, London, E.C.

WANTED, a young MAN, with some know-
ledge of Orchids, to take charge of a Small Collection,
and to make himself useful in the Houses.— Address, stating
age, previous employment, and wages expected, Mr. BIRCH,
Hatherop Gardens, Fairford, Gloucestershire.

WANTED, AT ONCE, for the Girtford
Gardens, a competent and trustworthy young MAN
amongst Strawberries, Fruits, and Roses, and for Outdoor
Work generally. — Particulars, with references, to T. LAXTON,
Seed Glower, Bedford.

WANTED, an honest, industrious married
MAN. for Kitchen Garden and Pleasure G'cunds.—
WM. MITCHELL. The Garden, Stapleton Pjrk, Pontt-fract.

W"' ANTED, a YOUTH, about 17, under"^
first-rale Gardener. Strong and active. I'sed to a
Hor»e preferred.— Apply by letter to J., ^Zt St. Marliu'a Lane,
London, W.C.

ANTED, a BOY, accustomed to Tying

Buds, to Le.irn the Business. — C. M. LINDSEV,
Froghalt Nursery, Southgate, N,

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers. — Full
particulars as to experience, wages required. &c., to D. E. F„
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 15?, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, a steady and industrious young
MAN, to take charge of a Flower Stand ; must be
a good Salesman, strictly sober, and have good references. —
J. HOUSE, Church Street, Peterborough.

WANTED, a PACKER, for a Large Pro-
vincial Nursery. — An experienced man, to take full
charge cf the Packing and Despatch cf all tVders. He mu:.t
have a fair knowledge of Plants, so as 10 be able to check ofl"
goods.— Apply, in own handwriting, with all prtriiculars, lo
P. P., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wclhngton Street,
Strand, London W.C.

August i6, 1S34.'

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

223

WANT PLACES.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen reqiilriag Lascl Agents,
STEWARDS. HAlI.lf fS. or OARUKNERS.

TAMES CARTF.R and CO. have at all

^' times upon theK Register reliable nnH cnmpeicnt MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 217 and n3, !IIch Holborn, W.C.

SCOTCH GAKDKNERS.
— John Dowme, Seed man, 144, Princes Stieet. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
(.iARDENERS, wailing re-:ngieemcnts. at wages ranging
from .^50 to £,\Q0 per annum, ami he will be pleased to supply
full pariiciiLirs to any Nubleium or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and cpnipeteni Gardea;r.

EICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications fiom Gardeners seekins siiu.uious, and that
they will be able to s\ipply any Lady or Gentlemaii with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurserie;, Worctrstcr.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vir.eyard
and Nurseries, Garsion. are in a p xiition to tecomniend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

GARDENER (Head).— The three essentials
happily combined — a first-class G^rdenrr, a mroiitd
man, without any children. — Full patticular^, apply, R. GIL-
BERT, l>urghley. Stamford.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, married,
no family ; is open to engage with any Nobleman or
Gentleman who requ-rcs a practical experienced Gardtner. —
G. S., Caike Abbey, Derby.

C:j.ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no
-^ family ; thoroughly experienced. Wie can r.tiend to
I^ge Gate, or Assist in Hcu^e, if required. — F. MOORE,
39, Fleet Street, Rose Hill, Derby.

GARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept.— Age 30, married, one child : fjurtesn years'
experience iu all departments.— J. B., 5, Sandrin^iham Terrace,
West Green, Totieoham, N,

GARDENER (He.\d), where others are
kept. — Age 38, married, two iu family; twenty-two
years in all branches of Gardeoing ; five year^ in present
situation. Good previous character. — T. D., Ivy B^nk, Hainp-
stead, N.W.

C:j.ARDENER (HEAD).— Age 39~j twenty
* years* experience : thoroughly up in Vines, Mcin.i^,
Oicbids, Stove and Greenhouse Piariis, Furcing ; also Kitchen
and Flower Gardening, Slock. &c. Abstainer. Good reference.
— H. NUNN, 35, Noyna Road, Upper Tooting, S. W.

GARDENER (HEAD), where four or more
are kept ; thoroughly understands Pines, Vines, PtAches,
&C., Early and Lite Forcing, and Flower ar.d Kitchen Gaid=i.-
ing, having liad good practical experience in good e=t;ib'ivh-
ments. Thorough charaaers may be h^d.— F. HEATHER,
AddingtoQ Manor Gardeiu^, Winslow, Bucks.

GARDENER (Head), where practical ability
in every department is required -Scoich ; thoroughly
experienced, capable of Laying -out Grounds, undei taking
Estate work, Land. Plantations, &c. High-:st reference ' from
past employers.- O. F. L., McLaren, Staticner, 75, Hammer-
smith Road, W.

G.ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
Mr. Ironmonger, Graisley Hill, Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his late Head Gai dcner, who is thoroughly
competent to undertake the charge oi any Ladys or Gentle-
man's Garden iu all its requirements. Has had considerable
experience at some of the leading places in England.— B.
G^VYNNE, Railway Road, Alvechurch, near Redditch.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, three chil-
dren (>oungest nme years) : thoroughly ui derslands all
kinds of Forc;Dg and the Growing of alt kinds ot Fruits, Vege-
tables. &c. : also the Laying-out and Planting New Grounds,
and the iho:oi.gh Management of a good Garden. Eleven
years in last situation.— A. B., 36, Rosamond Cottages, Glover's
Road, Reigate.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly p.acticil man.— Has
had great experience in Laysng-out Nev/ Garde;i5 and Improv-
ing Old ones: also Early and Late Forcing and the General
Management of a large EstabIi^hment. First-c'ass recom-
mendations. — W. H., Mr. Selway's, Iron Gates. Ottery St.
Mary, Devon.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married;
thoroughly efficient and experienced in all branches
Eight years good characier.— S. B., 16, James Grove, Com-
mcicial Road, Peckhim, S.E.

Gardener' (Head working).— Age 40,
married, no family. Has a thoroufjh kn^jwledge of Gar-
dening in all its branches.— G. MEACHEM, Elmore, near
Gloucester.

A R D E N E R (Head Working).—

Thorough practical experience in all branches of the
profession. (Jver three years in present situation. — GAR-
DENER,The Cottage, Wondfield Road, Moseley, Birmingham'

/:J.ARDENER (Head Working), where

VJ more are kept.— Age 35. married, with family : twenty
years' experience in all branches. Two years* good character.
Total abstainer.— C. E., Bookstall, Finchley Station. London. N.

GARDENER (Head Working), wher'e
more are kept. — Age 35, married ; thorouiihiy practical
both Indoors and Out. Twenty years' experience in gojd
Gardens, including Newsell and Bramham Parks. Five years
in last place.— W. C, Beach Nursery, Southend, Essex.

ARDENER (Head Working), where

more are kept.— Married, no encumbrance ; thoroughly
experienced in all branches, under Glass aiid Outdoors ;
disengaged.— R. WALKLING, Mr. Jarvis, High Street,
Robertsbridge, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
aged, married, no family; h.is a thorough practical
knowledge of Gardening in all branches ; also Laud and Stock
if required. Wife Dairy or Poultry. Three years' character
from lale employer, six previous. —W. S., Buckingham Place,
Stoke Gardens, Slough, Bucks.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER
and BAILIFF; age 35, married, no family, — Ecward
WjLSON is at liberty to engage with any Lady, Noblcin^n, or
Gentleman requiring the stivices of a thoroughly expciienced
man. Well acquainted with all the requirements fur a first-
class establishineiit. TVs:iinoniaIs of the highest order.—
EDWARD WILSON. Fcmside. Bickley, Kent.

r^ARDENER (Head), or good FOREMAN.

^^ — Thoroughly efiicient in the various branches, including
Orchids and Decorations. First-i.l.iss rtfeiences. — lUKIS,
Mr. W. Drummond, 51, Broughton Street, Edinburgh.

/:j.ARDENER (HEAD, or good Single-

V* HANuro), to any Lady or Gentleman. -Age 25; good
practical txpetience in all branches. Can be highly rec Tn-
mended from previous and piesent employer.--.^. I'OLLF.V,
Nunwcll Park, Blading, Ible of Wight.

C:j.ARDENER (Foreman), where more are
-" kept.— Age 24 ; understands the Management of Stove
and Greenhouse.^ Fuiit Forcing, and Orchids. Nine years'
good character. Three years in present place ; eighteen months
in a London Nursery. Bjthy or otherwise.— E. BUTCHER,
Melbury Gardens, Dorsetshire.

GARDENER (German). —Age 27, single ;
twelve ye.irs' practical experience in all branches of
Gardening. — K. W., 2, Church Terrace, Castelnau, Dames.

GARDENER (Working).— Age 36 ; small
family ; thoroughly understands Iiis prolession, w ith
knowledge ot Growing for Market. — G. WILLIS, 16, Clifton
Terrace, Caversham, Reading,

GARDENER (Flower or Kitchen), where
two or three are kept. — Age 32 ; four years' good cha-
racter. — H. C, 59, Wocdcote Place, Chapel Road, Lower
Norwood, S.E.

/> ARDENER (Single-handed), or where

VJI help is given.— Age 28, mairiej ; understands GUiss,
Flower and Kiichen Gardening ; three and a half years in
present place.— Addreis, for particulars, STEPHEN CASTLE,
West Lynn Vineyard, Lynn, Norfolk.

GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, Or Second).
—Age 26 ; understands Vines. Cucumbers, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening, &c. Four years" good character.— W. C.,
14. St. Thomas' Garden?, Haverstock Hiil, N.W.

GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed).- Age 33, single ; thorough knowledge of Vines,
Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen G.ardening ; two
years' go d relererces. Five years in previous situation. —
H. V/.. 3, Barlram Terrace, Fleet Road. Hampstead, N.W.

r4.ARDENER (Second\ or as FLOWER

VJ and kitchen GARDtN ER.-Age =8 single; good
references.- F. E., Albion News Rooms, Blackfriars Bridge,
London, S.E.

/'.GARDENER (Second), '^x FIRST

VJ journeyman, in a good esisblishment.-Caii be
well recomniended. Five years' good character. B jthy pre-
ferred.-T.TUI.LETT, South Park, Reigate, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 22"; has ^
knowledge of Stove, Greenhouse, and Fruit houses ; also
Flower and Kitchen Garden. Two years' g:iod character;
good references.— A. BUSH, Lilford Gardens, Oundle. Nonhs.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 25 ; ten years'
experience in Plant and Fruit Departmtint, and General
Work of a Garden, Good character from present and previous
employers.— J. TAYLOR, The Gardens. Knowie Hill, Cobham,
Surrey.

C^ARDENER (Second, or Third), in a

VJl large eslablibhment.— A^e 23 ; can bs well lecoinmended.
Leaving through gentleman going away. Eothy preferred. —
J. HOWES, The Gardens, Southgate House, Souil gate.
Middlesex. ^

ARDENER (Second), where Head Gar-

dener assists ; or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in a good
establishment.— Age 23. — Mr. Rve, Sntyd Park, Bristol", can
with confidence recomm.end a young man as above.

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
meut. — Age 24. ; has had considerab'e practice in general
in and out work. Good reference from a well-l;no\vn estribli^ih-
ment.— W. B.. The Nurseries, High Street, Wallingford, Berics.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; excellent
recommeodrilion from present emplojer. Good know-
ledge of both Indoor ynd Outdoor wotk. — Mr. LLOYD,
Mansion Gaiden, Stourport, Woicestershire.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; seven
years' experiecce Good leference?. South preferred —
E. W., T. Rogers, Esq., s, Ashfield Road, Aigbunh.
Liverpool.

GJ.ARDENER (UNDER). — Age 21 ; eight
-^ years' experience in Flower and Kitchen Garde. un^.
Two years in last situation. Character indisputable. — F.
BELFIELD, 20, College Street, Putney, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment, to wotk in Houses and Outside. — Can be
highly recommended. Four and a hali years' good character —
C. MOSS, The Gardens, Titley Court, Titley, Herefordshire.

GARDENER (U NDER), in a GentTeman's
establishment, where he could Improve himself, in the
Houses, or under a good Foreman in a Nursery. — Age 23,
single ; good character from last employer.— H. F. S., 2, Sheep
Street, Cirencesier, Gloucestershire.

O.ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEY-

\-^ MAN, in a Gentleman's establishment — Age 19: good
references. Four years in last situation,— S. SMITH,
3, Orchard Cottages, Ham Street, Ham, Surrey.

"POREMAN, or MANAGER.— Middle-aged ;

-JL experienced Plantsman and Salesman, also in Bouquets,
Wreaths, Crosses. Decorations, Landscape Gardening, and ihe
Management of Meu.— R J., 153. Albany Slreet, N.W.

rpOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25;

-A- eleven years' experience ; understands Furnishing and
'J..blc Decoration.— W. LAKER, The Gardens, Bayham
Abbey, Lambethurst, Kent.

rj^OREMAN.— Age 25, single; twelve years'

-L cxperisnce in all branches of the profession in large
esiab!i>hments. Well recommended from present and pievious
employers.- C. W. K., Thonies Paik, Wakefield. Yoiks.

■pOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten

-*- years' good practical experience in the Propaj^jtion and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Pianis, Vines, Peaches,
Melons. Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references.— A. W., Munn,
Stationer, Elgin Road, Maida Vale, London, W.

T;^0REMAN (General or Indoor).- Mr.

J- Warn, Gardener to P. D. Gtinfell, Esq., Hatchland
Park, can with every confidence recommend his F'oreman to
any Gardener requiring a thoroughly praciicil energetic man.
T"wclve ye.ir,s' experience.— JOSEPH HUMPHREYS, The
Gardens Hatchland Park, Guildfurd, Surrey.

X|^ O R E M A N (Outdoor), or ROSE

-L GROWER. — Fourteen years' experience amongst Roses.
Fruit T'rees, and Shrubs. Three and" a half years' good
characier. — A. B.. 65. Russell Street, Bedford.

"POREMAN PROPAGATOR and

p- grower. — Age 27 ; twelve years' e.xperience in the
London Market Trade. Good character. Stale waees. ~
CHARLES JOHNSON, Suttou-oii-Treut, Notts.

T^^ O R E M A N PROPAGATOR and

-L GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Choice
Cut Flowers for Market. — Well up in Vines and Roses, also
Boutiucls, Wieaths. &c. Used to Covent Garden Trade.
Wejl recommended. — 2, York Terrace, Heathlield, South
Twickenham.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 26 ;

-A- twelve years' practical experience in all branches under
Glass in London Nurseries.— Address, stating wages, &c., to
A. H,, 130, Upper Thrift Street, Billing Road, Northampton.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a
Foreman, or otherwise.— Age 22.— F. READ, 18, Lyming-
ton Terrace, Boleyn Road, Forest Gate, Essex, E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

t/ establishment.- Age 21 ; six years' experience. Good
character. In or near London. Bothy preferred,— G. LOCK- '
WOOD, 8, Lower Barclay Street, Ipswich.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a g^

tJ establishment.— Age 22 ; six and a half ycais' expetience.
Good references. Bothy preferred.- E. TTCKNER, The
Gardens, Blyth Hall. Worksop, Notts.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age iS ; six years good character from present situation,
chiefly in the Houses.— G. PAGET, The Gaidens, Wroxall
Abbey, Warwick.

JOURNEYMAN, to Assist in Garden Work

f-' generally under the Gardener.— Age 25; two years'
characier. Highly recommended. — A. DURHAM, Pains-
wick, Stroud.

JOURNEYMAN (Inside or Out), in a

*-' good Garden.— Age 23 ; good character from last and
previous places. Bothy preferred.— J. LEE, Nun Munkton.
near York.

T M PROV£R,inaGentleman'sgarden,rndoors,

-■- under Foreman. Three years' good character.— A
SWIFT, The Gardens. Laundc Abbey, Leicester.

JMPROVER.-- Wanted by a young man

^ (aged 2o), situation in Garden where he would get an
insight into the general routine of work. Would pay a small
Premium. Experience small ; anxious to improve.- E. J. S.
Chawlon, Altou, Hants. '

nno NURSERYMEN, GARDENERS, &c.—

J- Wanted, by a young man of experience, a situation where
Cut Flowers or Plants are grown for Market or otherwise
with spirit.- M. G., Styles. Old Road, Paddock Wood, Kent.

''PO GARDENERS. — Wanted 1^ place^a

-L youth (16 years of age) under a good Gardener, where
he would gam a thorough practical knowledge of the profession.
— E. B., St.^mp Ofiice, Louth, Lincolnshire.

O FLORISTS.—Wanted by a youth (i8)

a situation wiih a Florist, where a small salary would be
given to commence with, and a good opportunity of promotion.
Only been out three months.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough,
Borobridge, near York.

Seed and Nursery Trade. ~

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 23;
nine years' experience ; first-chss references.— ALPHA,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Eight years' ex-
peiience. First-class references. — A. B., 26, Red Lion
Street, High Holborn, W.C.

HOLLOWAY'SOINTMENTandPILLS.—
Counsel for the delicate.— Those to whom the change-
able temperature is a protracted period of trial should seek the
earliest opportunity of removing all obstacles to good health.
This cooling Oiniment perseveringly rubbed on the skin, is the
most reliable remedy for overcoming all diseases of the throat
and chest. Quinsey, relaxed tonsils, sore throat, swollen glands,
ordinary catarrh. and bronchitis, usually prevailing at this season,
may be arrested as soon as discovered, and every symptom
banished by Holloway's simple and effective treatment. "This
Ointment acd Pills are highly commended for the facility with
which they successfully contend with infiuenza ; they allay in
an incredibly short time the distressing fever and teasing coug h.

224

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August i6, i8

DEANE &
CONSERVATORIES k

CO.'S
GREENHOUSES.

Thepricei (,.ven include tRFClINI- COMI'LLIE with
a'l necest ,ry biickwork &.C , within ttfteen milc^ of 1 ordon
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... isrt.bygft. .. soft, by 12ft. .. 25fl. W 15ft-
Price .. {,-^•3. .. ^42 >°s. ■• .^5'-

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size.. lotl. by6ft. izfi. by 8ft. isfi. by loft. zoft. by lift.
Piice. £19 lOJ. {,::% ■<«■ /'9 loi' . l-i"-

Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drav/mgs and Estimates for Conservatories free.
n _ THE

LOU GH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, con-ipiele as ihown,
wiih 12 ft. of4-iu. Hot-water
Pipe, £a, 4s.
_„^_3 The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-
_ latiis made. It requires

no Lnck itttiiig, no it.jl;i;hule, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and burns more than twelve hours without attention.

Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on applidlion.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

(^f,. Kii
iWm,

DEANE &
'^\ LONDON

CO.,

BRIDGE.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-qtiality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

fTZl

r. — ' ^r

CHEAPEST BUILDtRSof G-iFEI^HOUSEJ i i tite Kingdom, Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS post-fn-e on application.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES Of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0.

i.^HirtMj.lJIA-li

Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Gro\v!ng Houses
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.
London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C.

a .S

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMINB CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS. HOTHOUSES ajld BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

OWENS & CO

HYDRAULIC

WHiTEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.

^^^^^^

-ACTING HYDRAULIC

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting ApraraWs. which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance withotit cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Estabhshments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.

No. 53. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. (Gardens Sic.

No. 46,1. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49(j. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, fcr Garden use.
No. so and 543. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 33. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 34''. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for

the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
CA.ST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 44.
No. 4.
No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for

Garden use.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATU.S, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of Ike Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Pu'olisher," at the Office. 41, WellinRton Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed bv William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Vi\-DevK\, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellinston Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 16, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Cstablifiijbetj i84i.

No. 556.— Vol. XXII. {serTes.} SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1884. {

Registered at the General 7 Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. J"posT-FKEE, sjrf.

CONTENTS.

Agricultural returns of

Great Britain . .
Aphis and resting-spores
Apples and Pears, root-
pruning of
Arboriculture tn Scotland
Aidisia Oliveri .,
Bees, Apricotsand Wasps
Belgian Horticulture,

Syndicate of . .
Bishop Auckland Horti-
cultural Society
Briehton and Sussex
Horticultural Society
Caper bush, the ..
Cattleya Ttianse splen-

didissima
Ceanolhus velutinus
Clerodendron macrost-

phon

Co'ooial notes
Dahlia show

Dendrobium cr^ssinode
Dot pranis in the par-

tene
Education, horticultural
Epidendrum atropurpu-

reum

Exhibition at South Ken-
sington in 1885
Florists' floweis ..
Flower ga'-der, the hardy
Forestry Exhibition
Foreign notes
Frost record, and of in-
jury thereby . .
Fruit gaiden, the hardy
Fruit notes

Gleichenias and Todeas
Goveuia Andricuxi

,, deliciosa
Grange, the, Alresford . .
Heat, useful

Herbaceous border, the
Hotel winter garden, a . .
Illinois, fruit crops tn ..
Kentiopsis macrophylla

Kitchen garden, the

Kniphofia Leitchlini

Lilies, planting hardy ..

Lisianthus Russellianus

I-ouehctew

Market gardeners of

France, the
Mushrooms, diseases of
Newcastle public parks
Obituary . .
Observation
Orchard-house, the
Orchid notes
Peas, earlv crops of
Plants, influence of light

Plants, new garden

,, ornamental..
Potatos and Tomatos at

Chiswick
Pseudo-Larix Kaempferi
Rhododendron Curti^i ..
Rhubarb cultivation
Roserv, the
Runner Beans ..
Ryde, IsIeofWigljt ..
Societies : —

Eastbourne Horticul-
tural ..

Massachusetts Horti-
cultUTal

Stroud Horticultural..

Taunton Deane Horti-
cultural

Worcester City and
County HorticnUural
Starch, formation of
StakehiU House, Castle-
ton
Swanmore Park gardens
Vanda Sanderiana

,, tricolor and suavis
Water supply
Weather, the

Weevils

Yams
I Yorkshire garden, a

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Ceanoihus velutinus . . . , ..

Fusisporum mucophytum

Pseudo-Larix Kairpferi ..

Saprolegnia mucophaga ..

Vanda suavis, Wingaie's var, . .

Vanda tricolor Patersoni

239
230
941
249
244

230
245
243
25J
247

239

236

24!
248

240

25«

24 a

748

247
244

250

246

246
'33

236

235
251
235
237

=33

»33
245
241

=4S
2J7
236

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS ami OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

T

Now Ready, in doth, 16a.,
'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

VoliuneXXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington. S W.

NOTICE ! — COMMITTEEb- MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at i[A.M., in the Conservatory.

GENERAL MEETING, for the Election of Fellows.
at3P M., in the Gallery of ihe Conservatory, on TUESD.^Y
NEXT, August 26.

FRUIT and VEGETABLE SHOW, and Competition for
Prizes offered by Messrs. James Carter & Co., and Messrs
J. C. Wheeler & Sons.
N.B.— Exhibitors' Entrance, West Side of Royal Albert Hall.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Divisio.v I., /.Vl'EXTlO.XS. Division II., MUSIC.
Fatran~\i^K Majesty the Queen.
PTfsuiettt—H.V..yi. THE Prince op Wales K G.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Forms, which will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY, International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kensington, S.W. These must be filled up and returned on
or before OCTOBER i, 1884.

To the Trade.

WM. CROWE begs to offer the following
• BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 60s, fit for
shifting into 4S's at once :— Jasminoides, Humb. corymbiflora
Alt. Neuner, Dazzler, Queen of Roses, &c., 22r. ed. per looi
Xiopericoo; or my selection, in eight to ten sorts, 3or. per
«oo. *9 per 1000 : President Garfield 'new), double pink 4r
per dozen, 285. per 100. LIST of PALMS. FERNs' &c'., on
application. Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

lyr LUDDEMANN'S ORCHIDS. — In

-*-/-'-• consequence of the death of M. LUdderaann, the
whole of his superb collection of Orchids, so widely known to
Orchid Growers, will be SOLD in one lot en SEPTEMBER ii
1884. at Bourg-Ia-Reine. near Paris, at 2 p m '

For particulars apply to Rlr. HORDfi, Greffier, at Sceaux
laeiae), France.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS beg
to call the attention of the Trade to their first of Annual
Sales of ERICAS, of all the leading varieties for winter and
spring blooming; als3 large quantities of SOLANUM and
CYTISSUS, which will be offered early in September, of which
due notice will be given. Inspection invited.

Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, is. 6>i. each ; L. Wallichianum, 2s. 6d,
and 35. 6d. each ; L. polyphylium. is. 6d. and ^s. 6ti. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. All Orders for 95J. carriage
paid to Lnndon. Remittance through post office lo accompany
orders. Bulbs ready lo lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH. Kotagiri. Nilgiris, India.

TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

_L_I_ Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nur-^enes. Edgba^ton, Birmingham.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses. Narcissus, Lilies, £ec.

BUDDENBuRG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current ol Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on applic.ition.

Hyacinths. TuUpa, Crocus, Lilies, &o.
p G. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,

KJ» Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E C.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of varieties with Piices on application.

*' A Book about Strawberries," 3./.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

TRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-

ing varieties, well-rooted, 35. per 100, free. SCOTT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the most effectual mixture for destroying
wasps— JOHN SCOTT and CO., Royal Nurseries, Merriott.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large
6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price i5i-. per
100, free to London. LIST, Trade Terms, &c., on application.
FRANCIS R, KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

Strawberries.

OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of
the most approved varieties is now ready, and will be
sent pofit-free on application.

THOMAS RIVERS ani^ SON. Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4^. per
100. Plants, in small pots. i6j. perioo; ditto, in large
pots, 25J. per 100, Descriptive LI Si' free,

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.

TT MILLINGTON and CO., EnglTsh

-fi- • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, Whith
Lkajj, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

ISE AND RIDES, Fruit and'^l^ER

Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES, LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

QU E LCH AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE-

QU E LC H AND B AR N H A m]

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, fee.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
•44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WANTED.goodGERANIUM CUTTINGS
of the following varieties :— Vesuvius, Henri lacoby,
Master Christine. Virgo Marie. Black Dougb';. MacMahon,
Sophie Dumaresque, Mrs. Pollock, Mrs, John Glutton, Flower
of Spring, Prince Silverwings, Crystal Palace Gem. and otfcer
good sorts. Send sample and price per loo or looo. lo

DANIELS EROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.

WANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS—
500 Henri Jacoby, 250 Mrs. Seavers, 250 Madame
Vaucher. Lowest price for cash.
J. YOUNG, Southend-on-Sea.

INES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, and

APRICOTS in Pots. The leading kinds.
WILL. TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

pORRECTION.— In the Advertisements

V^ of CHRISTOF STEINPOCK. Alilengbach, Lower
Austria, which appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle of
J"'y 5. 12. 19, 26, and August 2, by an error in translation
the Prices were made much higher than they should have been.
For the Correct and much Lower Prices Buyers are relerred
to his Advertisement in (he current Number, see p. 229.

To the Trade and Others.
Tj^OR SALE, about 700 or 800 Double White

-*- PRIMULA (the true old double white). Good strong
Plants, in 3 and 4-inch pots. Price. &c., on application to
JOHN GREEN, Floral Nurseries, Thorpe, Norwich.

(^UR TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69,

vy just issued, contain all the Nonh American Lilies, Rate
Bulbs and Plants, Calochorti. Fritiilarias, Heuchera micrantha,
&c.. Ferns ai.dCypripedia, tobedelivered next autumn, to order,
at unprecedentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way. To
ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANT AND BULB COM PAN Y, Lion Walk. Colchester.

FRICAN TUBEROSES.— Our supply of

Bulbs is now arriving, in fine qualiiy,
HOOPER AND ( O., Covtfiit Garden London, W.T.

A

"IX/" M. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 1884

* » • can be had Post-free on application, and sh .uld be in
every Amateur's hands. It embraces an extensive List of best
Novelties ; aUo splendid Collections ot Double and single Zonal
Geraniums ; Bronze Hicolor, and Silver aud Goldtn Tricolor
Geraniums ; Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargonium-:, Fuchsias,
Carnatinns, Chry-anthemums. Palmy, Fein^. Siove and Green-
hoyie Climbers, &c Special atiention is also given to Collec-
tions of Plants, which can now be supplied for immediate effect
in 5-inch pots, both Flowering and Foliage, at 10.-. kd , 2if., azi ,
and 635 — W. M. CROWE. Hulevn Nursery, Upton, F.vsex.

"DOSES in Pots.— All the best New(i884) and

J-V Old English and Foreign sorts, from i8j. to 36^ per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Worcester.

PRIMULAS. — PRIMULA S.—
CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strams, is. 6d. per dozen, icr. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham,

Daffodil. Daffodilly, Daffodowndilliea.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON. iz. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

K

PYRETHRUMS,

ELWAY'S

Double and Single. Now is the time to plant.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free o(

KELWAY AND SON, Langport.

EstablUbed 1S60.

Hardy Herbaceous aud Alpine Plants.

T V. REES (late Robert Parker), E.xotic

f • Nursery. Tooting, Surrey. S.W.

DELPHINIUMS. IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXES,
POTENTILLAS, PEONIES. &c. Selections of too showy
varieties for Rockwork or Border, from 50J. Orders booked for
autumn planting.

FOR SALE, Two large ORANGE TREES,
and Two large SHADDOCK TREES, in Slate Tubs.
For price and particulars apply,
J- G., The Gardens, BayfordbuTy. Hertford.

OOBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

J-l; inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubu, &c.. this autumn, that iheir
stock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present lime is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. Apersonal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common, S.W.

Tj^ I G HTY~ T H OUSA N D^LEMATIS in

J— J pots, of all the finest Double and Sing'e varieties (some
of the flovvers of wh-ch become lo inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
Bedding, from i2S. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

FOR SALE, large CAMELLIA ALBA
PLENA, 8 feet high. 6 feet through : thoroughly fur-
nished, and in perfect health, full of Bud ; also several laree
PALMS and TREE FERNS.

GEORGE WILLIAMS AND CO., Florists, Upton, Maccles-
field.

Tj^IFTY-THOUSAND AZALEA MOLLIS.

J- Good plants, showing from 15 to 20 buds, ;^2 loj. perioo; lo
to 15 buds, £1 isf. per loo ; 8 to 12 buds, £1 loj. per 100.
Plants ready for forcing in a year's growing, very best stuff, sof.
per 100: smaller ones. 14J per 100. Planted-out Seediings of
the very best growth. £^ lot. per 1000, -js 6d. per ico.
Samples 5ent free tt London till September 15, 1884.

OvE. BURVENICH-DE WINNE, The R:.se and Palm
' Nursery, Gentbrugge, near Ghent, Belgium

FOR SALE CHEAP, 30 fine Fruiting
PEACH TREES in Pots.~For names, price, and
description, apply to
1 W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.

226

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1SS4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Datcli Bulbs.— Monday and Thursday Next.
SPECIAL TRADE SALES.
"[\/rESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
i-Vi- will SELL bv AUCTION, at ih=ir Central Sale.
R.ioms, 67 acd 68. Cheapside, E.C., on MOND.'W and
THURSDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each
day, extensive consignments of the finest varieties of HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS. CRUCUS. NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS Irom Holland : the lots will be specially composed to
suit the Trade and ether e-xtensive buyers, and arrangements
have been made for the supply of roots of the best quality.

On view morning of sale. Catalogues had of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Friday Next.-Flowering Orchids.
ALTERATION 01 DATE from Tuesday to FRIDAY NEXT.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY N tXT, too lots of
ORGHIUS in Flower. Amongst them will be found fine
specimens of Dendrochilum filitorme, splendid varieties of
Odontoglossum AlexandrEe, Cattleyas in variety, and others.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
LiELlA HARFOPHYLLA
CAl'TLEYA WARNERl LABIATA.
CATTLEYA LODDIGESI HARRISONI.
CATTLEYA SCHILLERIANA REGNELI.
MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA CROSSI.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Choip.side, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 5g,
at hall-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hiitih
Low& Co., an immense quanlityof choice imported ORCHIDS,
chiefly from Brazil, comprising many hundreds of Cattleya
Warneri labiata, C. Loddigesi Harnsoni. C. violacea varieties,
C Schilleriana Regneli, Cattleyas distinct looking, apparently
hybrids, Lselia harpophylla, L. preestans marginata varieties, L.
xaiuhera or j^raiidis varieties, Oncidium phymatochilum. jVIasde-
vallia racsniosa Crcssi, Odontoglossum vexillarium rubellum,
Avrtdes Irom the locality ot Vanda Sanderiana, 2003 Eucharis
from the Cauca, 600 Pheedranassa chloracea, Deudrobiums, and
ether CHOICE ORCHIDS.

On view morning of SaU. Catalogues may be had of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

North Brazilian Orchids

Importation received direct in splendid condiiioii. UuieseiVtd

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms,
1.7 and tS Cheapside, E.C. on TUESDAY, September 2, a
. splendid importation of CATT ELYA ELDORADO, C EL-
DORADO SPLENDENS, a fine lot, in the very best con-
dition, having good plump and dormant eyes : also grand. leaved
masses of CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS and varie-
ties ; SCUTICARIA STEELI, GALEANDRA DEVONI-
ANA. very fine bulbs, and other ORCHIDS.

An importation of CATTLEYA LOBATA, together with an
assortment of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. A few vaiieties
in flower.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ORCHIDS formed by
Oscar Lamarche, of Liege.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
aie favoured with instructions by Oscar Lamarche,
Esq.. to SELL by AUCTION, at the Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, EARLY IN OCTOBER, his
entire COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, which enjoys a teputa-
tijn probably unequalled on the Continent.

Great Horticultural Sale Weeli:.

Important Notice to Nurserymen and Florists.

ANNUAL TRADE SALES of ERICAS and WINTER

BLOOMING PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have arranged for the above
SALES to take place as under : —
MONDAY, SEPT. 15.— GKEAT SALE of DUTCH BULBS,

at Proihcroe & Morris' Auction Rooms.
TUESDAY, SEPT. 16.— ANNUAL SALE of ERICAS and
WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, at the Burnt Ash
Nursery, Lee, S.E., by order of the Executors of the late
Mr, B Mailer.
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 17.— ANNUAL SALE of ERICAS
and WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, at the Lea
Biidge Nurseries, Ley ton, E., by order of Mr. John
Eraser.
THURSDAY, SEPT. tS.-ANNUAL SALE of EP.ICAS
and WINI'ER BLOOMING PLANTS, at the Brunswick
Nursery. Tottenham, by order of Mr. John Mailer.
THURSDAY, StPr. 18.— GREAT SALE of DUTCH

BULBS, at Protheroc & Morris' Rooms.
FRIDAY, SEPT. 19 —SALE of IMPORTED ORCHIDS',
at Protherue & Morris' Rooms, by order of Mr. F. Sander.
FRIDAY. SEPT. 19 — SALK of ERICAS and WINTER
KI^OOMING PLANTS, at the Sidcup Ntusery. Sidcup,
by order ol Messrs. Gregory & Evans.
Messrs. Pro! HaRuE & Morris would call special attentimi
to ttwsi Sales, They will comprise in the aggregate nearly
Ijcoj lots, and have been arranged in this manner to enable
couniry buyers to attend them ad during the one visit to London.
Catalogues will be torwaided on application.
67 :ind 08, Cheapsioe, E.C.

Mondays, 'Wednesdays, jmd Saturdays.
BULHS-BULBS-BULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C'., regularly three times a week as abovr,
large cunsignments of fit.si-clasi DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyeis. The Sales cnm-
mlnce at half-past 12 o'clock, finishing generally about 50'Clock.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No, 6710 )
VALU.\liLE IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, ,8, King Street,
Covcnt G.arden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, rm THURS-
DAY NEXT, August 28, at half-past 12 oClo. k precisely,
valu.ablc importations of ()RCHIDS, aniuiigst them la:lia
purpurata, Zygopelalum Gaulieri. Cypripedium R'beleni, a
new Cypiipedium in flower, Angracum candaliim, Cattleya
Harrisoni. C. speciosissima, C intermedia, C. Erricstii,
Warscewiczellas, Epidendrums, &c.

On view rooriuBg of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6711.)
ORCHIDS from VENEZUELA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
August 28, ORCHIDS, just received from Venezuela, includ-
ing Cattleyas, Oncidium Papilio, Odontoglossumi, Stanhopea
Wardii. , ,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6711.)
2000 AMARYLLIS. EUCHARIS, CRINUMS, &c.

MR. T. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Ccvei.t Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
August 28, 1400 Bulbs of AMARYLLIS EQUATRIX, 375
EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, i<o CRINUM LONGI-
FLORUM, and tco KyE.MPFERI A ROTUNDA, from Ghent.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Eatahllshed Orchlda.-'Without Reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received inslruc-
liODS to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms,
iS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY,
September 11, without teseive. the COLLECTION ol
ORCHIDS formed by the late Alexander Gillespie, Esq., of
Weybridge ; also a small CoUectitn ot STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS.

Further particulars in future Advertisements.

■Waltham Cross, N.

MR, J. TYDEMAN will SELL by AUC-
TION EARLY in SEPTEMBER (unless a suitable
oiler is previously made for the Whole Collection), at the
Nurseries, Waltham Cross, a VALUABLE COLLECTION
of SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLAN-TS,
the property of Mr. E. Tudgey, of the " Exotic " Nurseries
Waltham Cross (late of Worcester), and sold in consequence of
his giving up Exhibiting, including well grown specimens of
Azalea indica. Cape Ericas, Genetyllis, Aphelexis, Phrenc-
comas, Dracophyllums, Stephanotis, Allamandas, Cleroden-
drons Francisceas, Rondelelias, Specimen Palms, Anthiinums,
Crotons, &c. This well-known collection has taken first prizes
at ihe London and Provincial Shows, viz, :— Regent's Park,
South Kensington, Crystal Palace, Manchester, and elsewhere,
and includes some of the finest grown specimens in the country.
Also two Exhibition Plant VAN S, in good repair.

Full particulars of Mr. J. TYDEMAN, Auctioneer aid
Valuer, Waltham Cross, N.

Date of Sale will be announced in future Adverltsement.

Preliminary.

SALE of an IMPORTANT COLLECTION, comprising
Several Thousand Choice and Rare ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, in first-class condition ; and a large number
oflMPORTED PLANTS.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
respectfully notify the receipt of instructions Irom the
Executrix of the late Mr. George Toll, deceased, to SELL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. September
Q and 10, at their large rooms. 45, Princess Street, Manchester,
a Finely Selected Lot of Good ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
Catalogues are in course of preparation. -...-c.^,..

For further particulars apply to Messrs. S. SIMPSON and
SON, Solicitors, 15, Southgate, King Street West ; or to the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, both of Manchester.

Eccleston Nursery, Frescot.
IMPORTANT SALE of excellent NURSERY STOCK,
comprising 700 Sliver and Gold edged Hollies, 3 to 5 feet
and 6 to 8 feet ; too Hodgin's Hollies, 3 to 6 iect ; 7C0
named Rhododendrons, 2 to 3 feet ; 300 Aucuba japonica,
R to 4 feet : 200 Andromeda floribunda, 2 to 3 feet ; English
and Irish Yews, 3 to 5 feet ; 400 Lime Trees, 8 to 10 leet ;
40 choice Camellias, including 10 alba-plena, 6 to S leet
each way ; quantity of assorted Conifera;, 4 to 6 feet : and
other valuable Nursery productions, the whole of which
have been moved within three years, and are now in grand
condition for transplanting. ^

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
beg to give notice that they have received instructions
from Mr. John Stead (who has been many years noted for
his superior growih of stock) to SELL by AUCTION, on
WEDN ESDAY, September 24, beginning at 12 o'clock prompt.
at Eccleston Nursery, near Prescot. Lancashire, about 30CO
valuable EVERGREENS and SHRUBS, the ground being
absolutely required for spring succession planting.

The whole may be inspected one week prior to S.ale, and
Catalogues then obtained from Mr. STEAD, or now on applica-
tion to the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.

N B The Nursery is situate 1 mile from Prescot Station.
2 miles' from Rainhill Station, 3 miles from St. Helens, and
7 miles from Liverpool.

TO LET, IMMEDIATELY, DIRKHILL
NURSKRY GARDEN, as a going concern. Stock-ui-
Trade. Implements, &c. Owner compelled to emigrate on
account of lU-healih. Rare opportunity for competent man; 250
square yards o! Glass, Stove. Gieenhouse. Fiames, Cottage,
2 Acres of good Land. Close to town. Kent ,£(5. Loa&tant
i jbbing work for three men.

Apply on the Premises.

Corporation of Manchester.

To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS.

THE PUBLIC PARKS and CEMETERIES
COMMITTEE invite COMPETITIVE DESIGNS for
the LAYING-OUT of an OPEN SPACE on a plot of land
in Cheeiham ; abutting upon Elizabeth Street, and offer the
following Premiums :— ist Premium, ,£20 : 2d Premium, £,S'
The Plans for which Premiums will be paid are to become the
property o( the Corporation, who reserve to themselves the right
to use or adopt the whole or pails of any design sent in as they
may think desirable. The successful competitor will not neces-
sarily be employed to cirry out the wotk. Copies of particulars
and a Plan of the Land may be obtained on application to the
Town Cleik, at the Town Hall, Maochesti^r, on the deposit of
5i , which will be returned to each competitor on the recejpl of
his competitive drawings. Plans to be delivered at the Town
Hall. Manchester, on or before Monday. September 15. 1884.
JOSEPH HERON, Town Clerk.
Town Hall, Manchester, August 8. 1884.

ARTERS' EARLY BULBS for FORCING,

J to produce Beautiful White and Coloured Flowet^,
iiitable for Christmas and Winter Deccration. _^__

c

Sunbury, Middlesex.

IMPORTANT and DESIRABLE PROPERTY. A rare

opportunity. Must be sold to Close the Estate,

TTIOR SALE, the valuable FREEHOLD

JU ESTATE known as Osboni's Nursery, comprising
17 Acres of Land, which for the Growth of Fruit Trees, Roses,
and General Nursery Stock is unsurpassed. There are also
several recently built Glass Erections, with Packing and Pot-
ling-sheds, &c., which cost about i^ynoo to put up.

'Ihe whole of the commanding and extensive frontage to the
road could be easily uiilii^ed for building without detiiment to
the other portion for Nnisery purposes. , . , , „■

Full particulars of the above miy be obtained, and otters
made, through Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

rpo BE DISPOSED OF, the LEASE and

-L GOODWILL of a SEEDSMAN. FLORIST, and

lOEElNG BUSINESS, about 7 miles from London, in main
rnad, all in thorough working order. Satisfactory reasons for
leaving

Address A.. Gardeiia-i' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

FOR SALE or to LET on Lease, a 7-ioomed
COTTAljE Residence, with Land and Glass Houses.
Six minutes from Hampton Station.

JOHN EMBLETON, Suffolk House. Netv Hampton.

Florists and Others.

within s^'- miles of ("ovent Garden.

RESIDENCE, Four GLASSHOUSES, and
ij^ Acre of Walled GARDEN, in first-class working
order Over 50 years' Lease. Capital required about .£500.

Apply to Mr. B. WOOD, Business Agent, 49, George Street,
Richmond,

pARTERS' EARLIEST WHITE ROMAN

V^ HYACINTHS— Per looD, 150J. : per i 00, \%s.f:d.\ per

dozen. 21. f:d
CARTERS' EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS-

Per toco 055. ; per 100, loy. 61^. ; perdi'-ren, u. 6a
CARTERS' DOUBLE ROSE PARISIAN HYACINTHS*

Per ICO, 15J. ; per dozen, 2t.
CARTERS' DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS- Per :(o,

125. 6(/. ; fer dozen, 25.
CARTERS' PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS — Per 100.

IIS 6(1. ; per dozen, us.
CARTERS' NARCISSUS STELLA, Pure White— Per ico,

25X. ; per dozen. 31. td.
CARTERS' DUG VAN TIIOL TULIPS, Red and Veliow^

Per 10?, 75. td. ; per do^en, \s.
CARTERS' DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, Extra Large— Per

1000, ^or. ; per I03, 35. td^
CARTERS" LILY OF THE VALLEY, Strong Clumps-

Per dozen, 155 ; each^ij. (jd.
CARTERS' SPIR/EA JAPONICA, Pure White— Per dczen.

75 (id. ; each, ad.
CARTERS' DEUTZIA GRACILIS, Pure WIutc~Per dozen

loj. dd. ; each, \s.
TUBEROSES— Carters' Extra Early Double Sweet-sceiiicd :

Extra Large Bulbs— Per ico, 30s, ; per dozen. 45 td.

Good Flowering Bulbs — Per ico, 10s. : per dcz:p, 35. (>d.
All sent Packing and Carriage Free to all parts of England
and Wales. ■

CHARTERS, Seedsmen by Royal Command
J to H.R.H. the Prince of Wale.-;,

237 and 23:^. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. W.C.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, having a larne and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with confidence recommend
them to purchasers : —
ERICA HVEMALIS, in sK-inch pots, \Zs. per doz. ; y-incli

pots, 365. per doz
ACACIA DRLJMMONDI, in 5-inch pots, iSf.perdoz.i 4-inch

pots. \is. per doz.
,, ARMATA, in 5-inch pots, i8j. per do/.; 4-inch pots,

\is. per doz. [i2J. per d(z.

,, HYBRIDA, in 5-inch pots, i8j. perdor. ; 4-inch pet--.

SULANUM CAPSICASTKUM, well berried, in 5-inch pots,

121 and i8.«. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pots, 365. acd ^2J. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in 5-inch pots. 125. and i8j. per doz. ; giMud

plants in 6 and 7-inrh pots, 24J., 3cs., and 425. per do;.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-inch pols, 4^. per doz. ;

4j.2-inch pots. 91. per doz.
,, TRaPEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 41. per doz. ; 4J^3-iDch

pots. qi. per doz.
PTERIS SERRULATA CUISTATA COWANI. new, in

3 inch pots. 6f. per doz. |_per doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA, in 3-inch pots, 41.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock in s-inch pots, i9J. per

doz. ; 7-inch pots, 245., 305., ar.d 3fci.per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, with six and seven bunches on each

pbnt, 12J. 6rf. and 15J. each ; fcr fruiting in pots or

planting Vineiiei, 51., 71.6./.. icJ. 6rf., and laa 6<A

each, according to strength. Stock in gfand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for cairiage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineya^ and Nurseries. Garston.

'~ To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERYMEN,
• Sim:?jsmen, and Florist.s, Har.rlem, Holland.— The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) ol Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberou'.rooied Pl:iiils foi
1SS4 and 1S25, is now ready, and may be liad freccii pirpaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florisit-. 'Ihe
Catalfgue. althouch giving only an e.\ tract of the coll'-ctions,
formsa pamphlet of 48 pates 8vo. in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. '1 In;
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellfni c^nthtion.

Sow Now for Early Flowering lu Spring.

ROEMER'S Superb Prize PANSY SEED.
jSr The best Pansy Seed in the World. "^
FANCY VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, \os per ounce, (id. per packet.
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid.

mixed, 'J per ounce, 6^. p^r packet.
FANCY and SHOW VARIETIES, fine, mixed, 31. per ounce.

■3,d. per packet.
ASSORIMKNT of 18 splendid distinct varieties, contnminB

each I packet, 31.
CAREFULLY SAVFD only from named Exhibition FIowmt,

of all varieties, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, ?J.

per Koo seeds, hd. iirr packet.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED SHOW VARIETIES, new nrd

distinct, flowers up to 4 inches in diameter, i>s. per 1000

seeds, ij. 6rf. per packet.
My Pansy gained llic I'lrsl Piizeat the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884.
For separate sorts see CATALOGUE, forwarded post-free on
application.

FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, QuedlinburR, Germany.

August 23, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

227

I

Tea Roses and Double Primulas.

TEA ROSES, in 4S-size pots, on the Brier
Stock, purchaser's selection, from thirty tinesl varieties,
gt, and i2i. per dozen, 50J. to 751. per ico ; extra size
Maicchal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and ten other varieties,
iSj to 30ki. rcr dozen. The plants are fine.
DOUULE WHITE PRIMULAS, in 48 pots. lof. per dozen,

7ii per 100 — good plants.
ADIANTUiM CUNEATUM, in small pots, aoi per loa; in
48 pots, i^.\' per dozen.
Cash or references from unknown corrcspondeots.
EDWIN HILLIEK, Nurseries, Winchester.

Palms-Palms.

WM. CROWE oMers the following as
• stroDg, clean stuff, in 6o-pots, quite fit for shifting
kito ^S'b :— Latania borbonica, 555. per 100; ditto, extra size,
43i. per loo, Cocos Weddeliana, ics. perdozen ; dittto pkimosa,
ts. perdozen, 40i. per 100; Seaforihia elegans. 30J. per 100 ;
Aieci sapida, 6s. per dozen, 35*. per 100 ; Caryota urens. two
to three leaves. 251. per 100; Phccnix reclinata, best variety.
;o.\ per 103; Sabal Blackburyana, 4J. per dozen; Euterpe
t duSs, 6j. per dozen, 40?. per 100. Also from stores ; — Latania
borbonica, -js. per ico ; Caryota urens, 5^. per 100; Corypha
ausiralis, 71. 'per loa; Phtcnix reclinata, best variety, 7f.per ico.
Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSR

^J. per bushel ; ico for 255. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),
ios. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6d. per sack;
5 sacks. 251 ; sacks, ^<i. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, ss. per sack, s sacks 2jj. ; sacks,
4*/. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. gd, per bushel; 15s. per half
ton, 2&S. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, 4</. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, II. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. 6d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA M.'VTS,&c. Write for Free
Price LIST -H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
T,^1BR0US PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—

J- BROWN FIBROUS PE.'iT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plant<,&c.,i;66r.perTruck. BLACK KI UROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaihs, American Plant Beds, 15J.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. ; 5 Bags, 22.r. 6d. ; 10 Bags,
455. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loi. 6</. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 525. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

Al^D E >rREQU I^ITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, li. yi. per
sack ; lo for 12J., 15 for 175 , 30 for 30J. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), ^t,s. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 55. per
sack ; 5 for aw. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 4^. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for
2QS.: sacks 4<f. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is. dd. per bushel,
255. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
?.Iould, each at i.r. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
'•phsgni'.m, 6f. per sack. Garden b ticks and Labels. Russia
iM;as, &C. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
8(1. per lb. ; Specialite Paper, imported solely by us, jod. per
lb.. 231b. 21J. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT and CO., The Hop Exchange
Warehouses. South'.vark Street, London, S.E... iaie
iQ, New Broad Street, E.G.

ORCHID PEAT,PUREBRACKEN FIBRE
(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr. EPPS informs his Friends that he is now enabled to
execute all orders lor this article most s;itisfactorily,
Depfit — Ringwood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT,— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, -zs. 6d. per sack ; thirty, 2s. grf. ; twenty,
31. 6d. : ten, 4i ; five, 4^, 6d. Sacks dd. each.

Exct:ilent 1*£.-\T for Rhododendrons and common purposes,
56J. per truck, 141. per ton. Sample sack 21. 6d.

LOAM, SAND, CHARCOAL. SPHAGNUM, &c
See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ne\yly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 25J., free on to the following
rails i^Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Norih-Western, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks is ;
30 sacks £1 ^s. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., " Greyhound "
Yard, and 15^, HiRh Street, Battersea, S.W. Established 1872.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tina, Is. ana 23. 6d. Sealed Bags, 'i cwt., 8s. ;
1 cwt„ 133.

MANUKACTL'KFU llV

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone M ills, Sheffield,

WHolesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd..

iS, Finsbury Street, E.C., and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly ApMs, Green and Black Fly, Lice,
Red Spider, Tlirlps, Iilealy-Bug. Caterpillars,

iNSEuTlulDE (in water)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that

Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills ail Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Buds. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, i.r. 6d., 2S. 6d., and 4s. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. 125. 6d., or less in larger quantities. Per post 3(/. extra.
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Wholesale;— HOOPER & CO.: CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN and CO.; and from all the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.
New York :-ROLKER and SONS.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names,
History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25J,

BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Ma.wvell
T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St, George's Hospital. With upwards of
100 IlUistrations. Price ^s. 6if.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. Svo, cloth, price 55. 6</.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Illustrations. Svo, clolh, price 9^.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY, with numerous iii,>stra.

tions. Svo, doth, price 5->''

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.
Pcice is. sewed.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ,

Circrilars, with full f'.irticulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), LiJUTKD,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GAKSTOW, LIVERPOOL.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and other Blight. t to 2 ounces lo tho
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, u., 35., and loj. 61^.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet Rround. Boxes, hd. and 15. from the Trade,
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

"yiRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

» Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, Carlton Place,
Glasgow J and at Lisbon, Portugal.

FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at 81/. and ^d. per lb., 28 lb. iZs. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
L:iwn Sand) destroys bo ih Daisies, Plantains, Rib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
iuEtruclions on application. 36.1, per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, lOJ. ;
56 lb. kegs, iQj. each ; sample tins, 51., 2f. td, and is.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row, Leeds.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,

ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

and general horticultural purposes.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,

Yorkshire,

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i%d.^ and 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Tree«
and shadmg Greenhouses, from ■z^/^d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application,

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany,
Tarpaulin-s, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and
Tmnes. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Button Street, Liverpool.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

B

J.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

TEN SILVER

AWARDED

MEDALS

TO

JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Potterv,

tj Weston'-super-Marh. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality
from r to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, js.

228

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

N AP LE S.

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST. SEED GROWER,
AND MERCHANT,

SPELCALITV OF

CAULIFLOWER,

VE ITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT.

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS.

All Varieties.

VENCESLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, NAPLES.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS, SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS,

at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exc^ptionaily fine lliU reason.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

THE EXECUTORS of the late B. Maller
beg to offer to the Trade a very extensive and extra
well grown stock of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties),
KPACRIS. SOLANUMS. GENISTAS, CYCLAMENS,
HOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM and other
FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES (in pots). &c. An inspec-
tion is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on applica-
tion.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September i6.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SUTTON & SONS

having just received, in fine condition, their
first consignment of

Roman Hyacinths and Eaily Narcissus,

are prepared to execute Orders at the
following prices : —

Single White Koman
Hyacinths

Paper White Narcissus

is. 9d.

Per 100.

213.
12s. 6d.

THE OUFEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

Bush Hill Parle Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES. ROSES, and other Outdoor
Nursery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nursery, near the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the Glass
Erections, which consLst of Long Ranges of Pits and Thirty-
ihree Houses, averaging upwards of loo feet in length, many of
them 25 feet wide, containing Acacias, Azaleas, Adiantums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracsnas, Ericas, Gardenias, Genistas,
Grape Vmes, Jasmines, Palm-:, Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
Quma, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

Wc7n0,^7hd See^

Our Dahlias— the most Complete Collection
in the World.

It should be distinctly known ihu we introduced the Single
and Semi-double Dahlias, and moreover it is remarkable that
the best standing and most useful kinds have been sent out by
us, consequently we have not only the best kept, but the finest
and most valuable collection ihit ever existed, for this year we
have collected some remarkable kinds from nearly f very
civilised country in the globe. These, together wiih our
Midget improved, hailed by all as the model of p=rfeciion.
Messrs. Culliogford, Moitc, and Teesdale s seedlings, and our
own vaiieties, all of which are well-known, not only for their
beauty and distinctnes<i, but their real practical use for home
decoration and b.^u-iueis for which purpose the laig- flabby
single round-flowered varieties are out of place and almost
useless. Our 2 acres is a grand sight, here their c ilours and
habit can at orce be seen and c mmented upon far better than
at any show ; the thousands of lovers of this family have often
exclaimed when amongst them, with the numerous and gorgeously
coloured buttetfli''S which abound in this part and appear to
subsist on these flowers, " It is a sight never to be forgotten."
Nearly all varieties can b* supplied in pots full of flower — all
the be^t Pompons, of which Chas. Huber is the king, large show
and fancy ; both new and old varieties are also grown \r, the
highest perfection for exhibition. Send for a CATALOGUE.

Entrance from the Station.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

THE HOME OF FLOWERS,
SWANLEY, KENT.

DUTCH FLO^^^ER ROOTS.

Thos. Methven & Sons

Beg to intimate that their Importations of the above have arrived,

in fine condition.

Priced CATALOGUES forivarded, post-free, o?t application.

15, PRINCES STREET, and LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH.
SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT AND ROSES.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON

INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR

ORCHARD

HOUSES,

which are now ripeititig Large Crops of Fntit.

A FINE COLLECTION OF ROSES IN BLOOM.

Convenient Trains leave Liverpool Street Station (G.E.R.) at 10.32 and 2, 50 for the Sawbridgeworth
Station, one mile from The Nurseries,

SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS.

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY

(JOHN COWAN), LIMITED,

Have a splendid stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offar as follows :—

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM LOWI, grand plants, in 5inch pots, and 4 to 6 fine new

growths, (>s. each, 6oj'. per dozen.
WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, with strong bulbs, 2 and 3 fine new

growths, 5.r. each, 48.?. per dozen.
WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, with strong bulbs, and 4 and 5 new growths, in 4-inch

pots, 3^. (jd. each, 36.?. per dozen ; in 3-inch pots, is. 6ci. each, 24J. per dozen.
SUAVISSIMUM, guaranteed true, flovvers large, and plants in 5 inch pots, 10 and 12 bulbs,

and numerous new growths, 5^. each, and 42^. per dozen.
THYRSIFLORUM, splendid plants, in 6-inch pots, 8 to 10 fine bulbs, 5J. each, 40J. per

dozen ; fine plants, in 5-inch pots, V- 6(/. each, 30j-. per dozen.
CRASSINODE BARBERIANUM, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 5 and 6 fine bulbs each, and
numerous growths, 5^. each, 48.f. per dozen ; fine plants, in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6ii. each,
24s. per dozen.
AlsoD. CHRYSOTOXUM, DEVONIANUM,PRIMULINUM, FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM,
EBURNEUM, DALHOUSIANUM, and other fine varieties.at equally moderate prices.
The Company have also to announce the arrival of a splendid importation of ORCHID.S from South America,
consisting of splendid masses of Cattleya Eldorado, C. superba splendens, Scuticaria SteeH, and many other grand
varieties, also several perfectly new plants. Full particulars sent on application.

The Company have also just received from South America a grand collection of PALM SI-'EDS, including
many perfectly new varieties. Full particulars on application.

Terms Cash ia 14 days. The usual allowance to the Trade.

THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES, GARSTON.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR RON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's mexpensive Growing
Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summer-houses, &c.

Ittuilmlicm, full particulars, and Frici's. Post-free front

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONDON OFFICE : - MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

August 23, 1SS4.I

THE GARDENERS' CHROiVICLE,

229

THE NEW YELLOW ROSE,
HVBRTD PERPETUAL.
GLOIRE LYONAISE.— This extraordinary variety is ihe

finest Ruse ever sent out in the Traiie. It has been obtained I^v
artificial hybridisation of the Rose Mme. Falcot with Baronne de
Rothichild. This variety will be a fi'ie one for Market purposes.
The Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscripiion at, per
1 Plant, 15^ ; 6 Plants, £,*, \ i doien Plants, Cl

tOQQ Plants are disposable, but as already many orders are
subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to
do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon rua
out. Direct orders to

L. PAILLET, Horticulturist and Nurseryman,
Chateney. Seine, France > Establisbed 1827.

M. L. Pailukt takes the opponuniiy of this Advertisement to
fffer, at a very low price, more than 70,000 ROSES of every
description — Standards. HaU-standards. low budded on Manetti
and Brier roots. Fine splendid lut of ROSES on own roots.
i-yr. and i yr. transplanted. More than lo.coo MALM AISQN
and other good leading torts are tor sale. Also an immense lot of
MANEVil STOCKS, LA ORIPFERAYF, and BRIERS,
i-yr. and a-yr. transplanted, are offered for sate. Price will be
sent on application.

CATALOGUE, printed in Engliili, also sent on application.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready.

SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice.
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cultivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is,), containing 75 Illu^tra-
tions ot Ferns and Selagiuellas, valuable " Hmts on Ftrn
Culture," and other useful and interesting infoxmalion.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

NOW READY.

CARTERS' CATALOGUE

Bulbs and Roots of Winter

and Spring Flowers.

Gratis to intending Purchasers.

SEEDSMEN BY ROYAL COMMAND,

237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C.

Notice.

To Nurserymen. Seedsmen, and Florists.— Established 1856.

LEWIS ISAACS, Importer of Dutch
Bulbs, 3. Victoiia Warehouses. Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E.C., begs to iniorm his Customersand the Trade in general that
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with his annual
well selected slock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade only,
he begs to offer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
a'l true to name and colour, at an all-round price of yi. per
Bulb, in any quantity from half 3 dozen of a sort and upwards.
The stock is on view to intending purchasers, at (he above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Catalogues post-free on application.

UTCH BULBS.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

D

D

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlrm, Holland.
Intending purchasers of DutcK Bulbs are invited 10 read
Ant. Roozen & Son's CATALOGUE for 1884, and see ihe
large saving effected by dealing direct with the Grower. The
Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to iheir Agents,
MERTENS AND CO., 3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-al-Hill, E.C.

OFFERED FOR' EARLY^ORDERST —
HELLEBORUS NIGER, line strong Plants. z6s. per
1000. Strong Tubers of CYCLAMEN EUROP^tUM, 24s.
per 1000 : Smaller Tubers, i^i. per 1000. NARCISSUS
POETICUS, 141. per 1000. LILIUM MARTAGON, 30J.
per icoo, CVPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS, Sos. per uco.
VFRATRUM ALBUM, 451. per 1000. Seed of HELLE-
BORUS NIGER, 125. per kilogramme. A sample of the most
popular and beautiful Alpine Plants, together with packing, and
properly addressed, from ..

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, Ahlengbach. Lower Austria.

SPECIAL NOTICE.
B, S. WILLIAMS

Takes the opportunity ol announcing to his
numerous Customers that he has just Posted to
themhis Bulb CATALOGUE for 1SS4. Should
any not have reached their destination, upon
receiving an intimation of the same another
Copy will be forwarded.

VICTOBIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, our Selection ; —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-. C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-. T 43/-

Collections vinnained, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-, H t8,'-, J 18/-, K 12/-. Lg/- per doz.
Doubles. W 30/-. X 24/ . Z 18/- per dozen,
bingles, for bedduig, M 40/-. N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW-
BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted (.vdusively to NARCISSU.S and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
AKC Diilb Guide consists ot HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CRDCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

T HOUAS S. WARE,

HALE KARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for

NOBLE'S NURSERY.

SUTTON'S

BULB CATALOGUE

For 1884,

Is now ready, and may be had, gratis
and post-free, on application.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING.

DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Irish and other Dpffidils may be
had on application. Some vtry 1 a'' e forms are offered fo* ihe
first tune, and over 100 varieties to select Irom. Please
enclose ta. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
unique. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., " Old E&iablib.hed " Warehouse,
24, Patrick Street, Cork.

Lalng's

Roman
Hya-
cinths.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for 2 J. 9^ ; 6 for 11. 6(/., fine bulbs of Farly

White Rom^ii H>3cinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter booming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , also free by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Price List sent free to tiny address on receipt of post card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant Early Marrow, is. pkt., w. 6a'. per Z'Z.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, is. 6d, pkt., 25. 6d. per oz.

Daniels' Little Queen, superfine early dwaif. r,r 6d.^Vx.,-2s Sd.oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers. Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing.

Daniels' Golden Rccca. fine straw-colotired skin, is. 6d. per
packet. 3J. 6d. per cz

Daniels' Giant Rocca, weight 2 to 3 lb., is per oz., lor. p^r lb.

DjDieU' White Elephant Tripoli, the largest and be>t Silver-
skin Onion known, is. 6d. per packet, 31. 6d. per cz.

Zittau Ytllow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, 8d.
per 02., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Merchants. NORWICH.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of WMte Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen 12s. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1884.

THE GRANGE, ALRESEORD.

YEARS ago I remember to have heard of
the glories of The Grange— of the great
house and its a%-enues of Limes, of its miles nf
woodland drives, and of its river running down
the valley through the park and before the
windows of the mansion. The Grange had
belonged for a short time to Mr. Henry Drum-
mond, whose tenant here for a little while was
the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV. ;
but Mr. Drummond soon migrated to Albury
Park in Surrey, and sold this nobler seat to the
second Lord Ashburton, who was, like himself,
a banker, and, more than that, a Baring.
Even William Cobbett, writing in his Rural
Rides, as he passed through this neighbour-
hood confessed his respect for the Barings, who
owned then, as now. The Grange and Stratton
Park, the seat at the present time of the Earl of
Northbrook, the head of the Baring family,
noticed in these columns, p. 197, 1883.

I suppose this district consisted of bare and
barren chalk downs until the great proprietors
covered them with timber, which forms now the
glory of the country. As you find Hops on the
banks of the Medway from its source to its outfall
(marshes below Chatham excepted), so you find
timber following the Itchen from its head-
springs till it loses itself in Southampton
Water. There are several branches of the
Itchen, and they are all well timbered, including
this Candover branch, which rises at Candover,
3 or 4 miles above The Grange. We may in-
clude, too, the stream of the Arle, which, at
Mr. Shelley's place at Avington, Itchen Abbas,
has been widened to form a sheet of water
before the windows, just as the Candover
branch has been, 3 miles off, to form a lake
before The Grange. Give to a district wealth
and water, and the permanent residence of
great families, and you will always have the
ornament of timber— as, indeed, you may some-
times without the water, though hardly perhaps
in dry chalk districts, when they are unblessed
by springs and streams. The Grange estate
belonged to the Church, and having passed in-
to the hands of some " robber " at the Reforma-
tion (the Duke of Bedford has been heard to
use that term in pointing to one of his family
pictures), it passed to the Henleys, for whom
Inigo Jones built a house much praised by
Horace Walpole, enlarged and altered by
Robert Henley, the Lord Chancellor, who in
1764 took his title of Lord Northington from
the parish in which The Grange is situated,
and again enlarged by the present Lord
Ashburton. To these successive owners this
beautiful residence owes its fame and its
characteristics.

In approaching the house, either from Aires-
ford or Micheldever, you drive for miles through
well kept woods, the road from the Micheldever
Lodge being especially remarkable from its
2-i miles of trimmed Yew trees and the stately
Lime avenue on that side of the house. If you
enter the private domain, as you may not do
of course without permission, at the Abbotstone

230

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 18

Lodge from Alresford, a coach and four will be
in keeping with the character of the precincts,
and you will roll along through Beech and Oak
woods and all sorts of fine timber, skirting the
open valley with its streams and meadows on
the right. The Grange is famous for its Cedars
of Lebanon, and some very large specimens
of these trees will be the first sign of your
drawing near the house. There are several
very fine ones growing by the water side,
at the point where the lake commences,
where the woods end, and the road crosses a
bit of open park close to the house. One of
these within the wood must have some good
soil under it, covering the chalk, for the trunk
is remarkable for size and height, whereas most
great Cedars on the chalk have short trunks and
spreadmg heads. Another great Cedar stands
in the open park, just outside the wood, and
Mr. Vernon Heath, who has taken many photo-
graphs here, says that this particular tree
makes one of his prettiest pictures.

Mr. Allan, the head gardener, kindly took me
through the gardens and grounds, which are
managed with great skill and taste. A lovely
strip of garden runs alongside the water from
the Cedars at the point I have mentioned,
having soft turf and beautiful shrubs, the
stream on the left, and a Yew tree fence on the
right, then an arcade covered with Ivy and
other creepers, and then a Yew fence again, or
Yew and Box, both of which grow here to per-
fection. Hardened as most people have become
to the most brilliant floral displays, it is impos-
sible not to admire in this garden the exquisite
carpet bedding, which is all the better for being
confined to a few beds, whose gorgeous colours
are softened by the wide margins of turf and
the fences of evergreen.

Crossing the water by the waterfall, a little
below the spot where two turbines are used in
connection with the electric lighting of The
Grange, you are now on the side where, a little
higher up the stream, the house stands on its
banks, on higher ground. The owners of The
Grange must have loved trees. The noblest
Silver Willow I have seen grows here by the
water side, with Mistleto on it. It is a most
interesting and charming spot we have reached
— a perfect example of an English park ; a great
house is full in our view, a large, terraced lawn,
with a few flower-beds and clumps of shrubs ;
a park, with lovely glades through the trees,
and such smooth turf as only a chalk soil can
produce. Wild ducks occasionally pass rapidly
overhead and after circling about join the flock
upon the lake, and wood pigeons, shy as they
usually are, seem quite at home in these pleasure
grounds, where those who would like to kill
them dare not, and those who could do so will
not. Among the unusual trees there is one
which is called here the Fern-leaved Beech,
and it is well named in accordance with the
appearance of the foliage.

The Mistleto grows here very abundantly on
many kinds of trees, such as the Acacia, Oak,
Elm, Lime, Thorn, and others— the Lime
avenue being ever green with this parasite in
winter. In the conservatory at the house,
which communicates with some of its rooms,
there are several fine specimens of Luculia gra-
tissima, with tree Ferns and other plants either
rare or rarely well grown and ornamental.
Here and there by the waterside you come un-
expectedly upon some nook or out-corner,
where, fenced with shrubs and quite unlocked
for, a charming little garden is discovered, set
with shrubs and favourite flowers.

I must only briefly add that the kitchen
garden consists of 4 acres within walls, and this
space and the grounds are kept by seventeen
gardeners. Among the well managed houses a
stranger, ignorant of Orchids and rare flowers,
would perhaps be most struck with the Peach-
house when the fruit was ripe, the trees being
on a curved trellis as well as on the back wall,

and running up the pillars and upper part of the
rafters. And next, one could not help pausing
in a house 66 feet long by 16 feet wide, filled
by a single tree of the Brown Turkey Fig,
ripening a second crop early in August.

It seemed to me that the 100 yards of
patent new swing coping made of iron and
glass, on one of the walls, 3 feet wide, at £,i per
yard, and capable of being opened in five
minutes, forms a cheap greenhouse — for it is a
greenhouse, and secures a crop which would not
be so safe in spring, in this valley, as in some
situations. H. E.

GovENiA Andrieuxii, Jichb. /., in von Mohl and
von Schlechtendal's Botanische Zcitung, 1852,
pp. 835 and 937.

This has, been confounded with Govenia capitala,
Lindl. Its flowers are smaller, though surpassing
those of Govenia liliacea. They are yellowish, white at
the base. The cordate oblong acute lip is white, with
purple round spots in front, yellow, with brown bars
above. Column yellowish, with numerous small
purple markings in front.

I have received an excellent specimen from Mr. W.
Dull, who imported it from Mexico. It is a fine ter-
restrial Orchid. Its plaited, soft leaves having been
overlooked by a modern writer, it was not taken over
by him into the Malaxidese, as should have been
done. As to me, I need not say I regard it as one of
the Vandeae. H. G. Rchb. J.

Govenia deliciosa, Rchb. /., in von Mohl and
von Schlechtendal's Botanische Zciliins;, 1S52,
p. S36.

This stands near the best known species, Govenia
liliacea, Lindl. Its fine [white flowers have much
shorter lateral sepals, broad petals, full of small,
purple, transverse bars inside. The lip is nearly
elliptic apiculate, with dark brown spots in front.
Column white, with brown spots in front. Anther
with a strong abrupt apiculus, shorter than in Govenia
liliacea. I sawit first on February 23, 1S39, at Dresden.
I have before me a flower and a sketch, with my
remarks. Now it comes to hand from my unwearied
correspondent, Mr. W. Bull. //. C. Rchb. f,

Kniphofia Leichtlinii var. distachya, Baker.*

This is an Abyssinian form of Kniphofia, lately raised
by Ilerr Leichtlin, closely allied to K. Leichtlinii,
Baker, in Bot. Ma^., t. 6716, but quite worth dis-
tinguishing for garden purposes. The habit is more
robust than in the type, the leaves broader, the
peduncle longer, the perianth a littls shorter, and the
stamens more decidedly exserled. In the tv/o latter
characters it recedes from the tpye in the direction of
K. comosa, Hochst,, Bo/, Ma:;., t. 6569, and as
this was grown in the same garden, Ilerr Leichtlin
suggests that it may perhaps be a natural hybrid
between the two species, but if so it produces seed
more freely than either of its parents. The peduncle
produces two, or even sometimes three, heads of
flowers, the side ones coming forward after the main
one has finished. Acaulescent ; leaves bright green
not at all glaucous, 2 — 3 feet long, reaching a
breadth of ih inch at the base, tapering gradu-
ally to a long point, the two sides much folded
together, the back acutely keeled, the edge quite
smooth. Peduncles 3 — 4 to a cluster of leaves,
about 3 feet long, bearing generally two racemes.
Racemes very dense, oblong, about 3 inches long ;
pedicels very short, detlexed ; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, two or three times as long as the pedi-
cels. Perianth funnel-shaped, distinctly constricted
above the base, about ^ inch long, varying in
colour from lemon to fulvous-yellow. Stamens and
style \ — :\ inch longer than the perianth. 7. G.
Baker.

* Knifihqfia Leichtlinii var. distachya, Baker. — Acaulis,
foliis 2—3 pedalibus viridibus ; pedunculo tripedali sxpissime
(Iistachyo, pedicellis brcvissimis ; [btacteis ovato lancfolatis
acuminatis pcdiccllo 2 — 3-plo longioribiis : perianthio iiifiindi-
bulari 7—8 lio. iongo fulvo-clttino segmentis brcvibus obluhis ;
genitahbns conspicue exsertis, y. G. Baker.

THE MARKET GARDENERS

OF FRANCE.

In no two men carrying on the same occupation in
life can there exist a more marked difference than
between the market gardener of England and him of
France. With the habit?, social and horticultural, of
the one we are most of us conversant enough, but
with the idiosyncracies and customs of the other — the
Frenchman, to wit — we as a rule know Hule or
nothing. A word or two anent him may, therefore,
interest both the professional and the general reader.

In olden days, when in France every trade or
calling was divided into what were termed ntiitrises^
or associations, gardeners had their special com-
munities, those of Paris dating back so far as 1473, as
some of their records still in existence show, and it is
notable how religiously the rights and privileges
which certain statutes granted them were renewed as
each king came to the throne, or at any political
ciisis. Thus, in 1545, Francis I. proclaimed ratifica-
tion of the gardeners' rights by sound of trumpet ;
Henry HI. coniirmed them in 1576 ; and they were
registered in Parliament successively in 1509, in 1646,
in 1634, 1655, and at other times unnecessary to
specify.

The market gardeners of those days, generally, and
especially those of Paris, were ruled by four super-
visers, or jurats, who visited their gardens period-
ically, as well to ascertain_ if ihey were in working
order as to see that certain conditions in respect to
the lads who were apprentices to the trade were being ,
carried out. These novitiates were articled for (our
years ; then they served for two as " household com-
panions," so to call them, and before they became
master gardeners they were obliged to be furnished
with a sort of certificate of fitness. In 1776, when all
societies in France were suppressed, there were in
Paris alone more than 1200 master gardeners, called
maraichcrs, maraxc'>'s, and /•ico/iers, this last name
being given to experts only.

The French gardeners of yore — it goes without
saying — were badly housed, badly clothed, and badly
fed ; they carried their loads of vegetables to maikel
upon their own backs, and drew water from their
wells by manual force only. Inasmuch as their land
was by no means as profitable as at present, they
fared miserably, v/orking much, gaining Ijtlle.
Science aided them not at all ; they did not "force,'''
they simply sowed seed, and waited patiently for its
natural growth and maturity. It was the spurt given
to horticulture in the royal gardens of their country in
the reigns of the last Louises which stimulated ihtm
to bring artificial appliances to supplement naluial
ones, to use the bell-glass, the glass frame, and
other means now in such every-day subserviency to
their art.

The agricultural life of a French market gardener
begins, one may fairly say, from babyhood. At eight
or nine years of age his mental education — if, indeed,
he has ever had any — is complete, his physical and
professional one commences. His father, or his
patron, assigns him a bed, or an out-of-the-way
corner o( the garden, which he may cultivate with just
what he pleases, and appropriate the money proceeds
of his crops to his own peculiar use and behoof. As
he has been accustomed to hear economy vaunted and
upheld, and to see it rigidly practised, so he applies
the lesson to himself. No bon-bons, galetU (cake),
or toys, come within the range of his juvenile neces-
sities ; he supersedes che duke by the «///<■, and the
few sous he makes from Radishes, Lettuces, Cab-
bages, or what not, he either puts into his money-
box or spends upon actual wants. And thus it has
come to pass that, as a class, the men we are dealing
with are unquestionably the most hard-working, least
frivolous, and most thrifty of all their countrymen.

The very first care a French market gardener
saddles himself with socially is about the very last an
English one thinks of — a wife. To the latter indi-
vidual she may be a luxury ; to the former she is a
positive sine qiid non of a necessity to his prosperity,
for while he tills and produces, so she gathers and
sells. But the bachelors don't wander for wives
beyond the spinster sisterhood of their own calling ;
they choose the daughters of one of their lirother
gardeners — very very rarely indeed beyond them — for,
say they, these damsels are to the manner born, of the
earth, earthy, and must be so to stand the incessant
fatigues of its culture. After marriage these young
men and women give themselves up entirely to their
occupation ; their horizon does not extend beyond

August 23, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

231

that of their gardens ; farewell to the world outside
of it.

In the establishment of a French market gardener
every one is up and about before daybreak. In
summer the womenkind start at 2 o'clock, and in
winter at 4 o'clock, to sell their vegetables at market.
The sale is over by 7 or S o'clock, when they return
home, and go straight into the garden to take their
share of the daily routine of labour. This work,
wiihout being actually the severer kind, is neverthe-
less hard enough, compelling them to knee! down
much, and necessitating exposure to wind and weather
for hours and hours together. And while maman la
•ardiui^re is so occupied, do not suppose that
mam'selle, the daughter of the house, is idle. No;
there is that young lady on her knees, too, helping
maleifamiiias in her various tasks.

So soon as the women have gone their ways to the
Ilalles the men begin their toil. At 7 o'clock they
eat a crust of bread with their loins girded, so to say ;
at 9 o'clock every one breakfasts ; then, after a short
rest in the middle of the day, they dine at 2 o'clock —
all at the same table, master and mistress, men-
servants and maid-servants, boys and girls, appren-
tices and labourers — there is no distinction ; the meal
is a general one, commune omnibus, after the fashion
of the patriarchal ones of old. Dinner finished there
is no lingering over dessert, work is resumed and
continued without interruption until supper-time,
which varies according to the season of the year.
That refreshment closes the day, to be opened,
passed, and terminated by a morrow in every respect
precisely its counterpart. Truly one day tellelh
another : —

■' Each morning sees some task begun,
Each evening sees it close ;
Something attempted, something done,
Has earned a night's repose."

The marriage of a relative, the funeral of a friend,
and the fete of the gardeners' patron saint, are the
only circumstances under which the men and women
ever allow themselves a holiday.

But, spite of a life so laborious, and which seems
to leave time for neither relaxation of mind nor for
rest of body, the French marafcher works on to a
very advanced age, and it is a fact that one never
comes across an old man or woman of the class
begging his or her bread. This state of things does
not result because each and all have put aside some-
thing for a rainy day, or as a pro\'ision in the decline
of life, but simply because they are so habituated to
labour that they cannot, or believe that they cannot,
Jive without it. Those seniles who have failed to
save are housed among their children ; those who
have no families — and which, by the way, is a rare
contingency of marriage amongst them — offer their
services for a mere nominal wage to their better-to-do
brethren, and these employers consider it a religious
duty to shelter and to apply the decrepids in a manner
suitable to the strength of their declining years.
ff. L. C.

ARBORICULTURE
LAND.

IN SCOT-

Doubtless there will be many visitors to the
Forestry Exhibition at Edinburgh, which has occu-
pied EC large a space in your columns of late, who
will be interested in arboriculture and forestry gener-
ally, and will make this visit their summer holiday :
a few notes of some of the most notable places where
fine limber and well managed woods and forests may
be seen, combined with the magnificent scenery for
which Scotland is famed, may therefore be of some
service.

The starting point being Edinburgh, the only not-
able place before reaching Stirling is Linlithgow
Palace, to the right of the station. Reaching Stirling,
the coign of vantage is the Castle, or burial ground
adjoining ; from here the view on a clear day is
magnificent, looking north — "Keir," and its well
wooded domain, so well known as the residence of
the late Sir William Stirling Maxwell ; a little to
the right is the Bridge of Allan, celebrated as a sana-
torium and the residence of the orchidologist. Dr.
Paterson, backed up by the woods of Airthrey. To
the east the Abbey Craig, with the Wallace monu-
ment, the ruins of Cambus Kenneth Abbey, the
Forth wending its way to the sea, and in the distance
the woods of Dunmore, celebrated in Scottish song ;
a little more to the south is Falkirk, the scene of
many a fight, but now noted for its trysts (fairs). To

the south is the field of Banoockburn, to the west
Hen Lomond and The Cobbler tower up in the
distance ; and to the north-west is Menteilh, where
the King of Kippen once held sway. As far as the
eye can reach was once covered by the immense
Caledonian forest, .and more lately immortalised by
Sir Waller Scott, in the l-ady of the Lake. About
one mile from the Castle is the home of the veteran
Auricula grower, Alexander Meiklejohn ; a day can
be well spent here and at the Bridge of Allan. Con-
tinuing the journey north we pass the partially ruined
Cathedral of Dunblane; this is the junction for Oban.
At Dunning station the rail passes through the estate
of Duncrub (Lord Rollo's). Near Forteviot station, on
the left, is Dupplin, the seat of the Earl of Kinnoull,
and here we begin to enter into the region of the
most notable of the woods and forests of Perthshire.

Immediately opposite to Dupplin is Inverary,
celebrated for its woods and its fine trout stream, the
"Maywater." At Forgandenny Station is Freeland, one
of the old family estates of the Kuthven family, now
owned by Collingwood Lindsay Wood, Esq., who is
planting largely and takes great personal interest in
arboriculture. From this station is a fine view of the
Hill of MoncriefTe— the old Roman Camp, called
Morventop, showing prominently. At Perth advant-
age should be taken to inspect the North and the
South Inches, the two public parks of the city ; on
the South Inch are some avenues of very old trees.
Crossing the bridge over the Tay, and winding
gradually up the Hill of Kinnoull you have a panora-
mic view seldom equalled. Beneath is the silvery Tay,
the old city of Perth, and its ancient church, St. John's,
recalling the feudal times, and the North Inch the
fight of the two clans before King James, in which the
armourer Gower Smith played so conspicuous a part—
for which read the Fair Maid of Perth : and as you
ascend further you will see that the tops of all the
eminences around the city are covered with trees
planted by some master hand who possessed artistic
skill— most probably one of the Earls of Kinnoull. A
little higher up the hill you turn again, and looking
across Strath Tay, you ask what woods are those in
the distance— Dunkeld? The highest part is Birnam
Wood, and to the right of the Tay, nearly due north,
in the distance beyond Scone, is Dunsinnane, the
scene of the " Bard of Avon's " tragedy. Entering the
woods of the Hill of Kinnoull (at one time a shelter for
Wallace— a small cave still retains his name), you
reach a stone seat. From this point you look over the
Carse of Cowrie, 600 feet below ; immediately beneath
is Kinfauns Castle, a modern erection ; the old
castle was at one time the property of Sir Thomas de
Longueville, the friend of Wallace ; to the right, on the
banks of the Tay, are the ruins of Elcho Castle, from
which the present Earl of Wemyss derives his title of
Lord Elcho.

Scone Palace, where so many scenes in Scottish
history were played out, is within 2 miles of Perth ;
there are some notable old trees here — one said to
have been planted by the unfortunate Queen Maiy.
The park is heavily timbered, but the great feature in
this princely estate to the forester will be the quanti-
ties of Abies Douglasii, planted by Mr. McCorquo-
dale, the forester to the Earl of Mansfield, both at
Scone and Lynedoch.

Dupplin is some 6 miles from Perth ; to reach
here a conveyance will be necessary (in Scotland all
light conveyances are called machines), and if a party
of three or four could take this tour together, it
would be pleasanter, as well as more economical
when hiring. The best way is to drive to the Glas-
gow Road entrance to the Castle, and between this
entrance and the Castle will be seen some magnificent
specimens of Silver Firs. There will be so much to
be seen here that it would be better to write or see
Mr. Browning, the Earl of KinnouU's able gardener,
who would do his best to make the visit agreeable and
show all the most interesting parts, as the Earl, like
many other Scotch noblemen and lairds, is highly
pleased to allow visitors to inspect his domains.
There is here a very handsome Araucaria imbric-
ata growing in front of the conservatory in the
kitchen garden. If time would allow, we should
advise the tourist to continue the drive (crossing
the Earn at Forteviot) to Inverary, where Mr.
Mackie is director — a fine genial specimen of the
craft ; thence to Freeland, where Mr. Routledge,
with Mr. Wood's permission, would, we feel sure,
show some of the ancient trees for which it is
celebrated ; from here, keeping the Ochil Hills to
the right, to the Bridge of Earn, passing by the Pit-

caithlie Wells, highly valued in the neighbourhood for
their medicinal properties.

At the Bridge of Earn is the entrance to Sir
Robert Moncrieffe's domain ; near it is a grand
old specimen of Horse Chestnut. Mr. Bisset, who
is land steward, &c., would be much pleased
to show the interesting subjects near the man-
sion. Inquiry should be made at the " Moncriefte
Ams " hotel, and if Mr. B. should be from home the
landlord could, no doubt, arrange for this fine old
tree to be seen. Ascending the hill towards Perth
at the top on the right hand you ascend gradually
for nearly a mile, when you suddenly find yourself in
an old Roman camp, from whence you obtain one of
the most beautiful panoramic views in Perthshire.
Immediately in front are the Ochil Hills, lightly
timbered ; to the left Fifeshire as far as AuckLand
Castle Woods can be seen ; to the right Strcathearn
as far as Auchterarder, whilst all around is the well
wooded Hill of Moncriefle. A little farther to the
east is Morventop, from whence you obtain a view of
the Carse of Cowrie, nearly as far as Dundee. On
leaving here, just as you begin to descend the hill
towards Perth, is the little hamlet of Craigieburn,
from about which spot, history relates, the Roman
soldiers cried in ecstacies, " Behold the Tiber ! " the
silvery Tay flowing through the valley beneath recall-
ing home scenes to them. A most interesting view
of Perth is obtained from here, also of the stupendous
rocks of Kinnoull Hill, with its Pine-covered top.
This will make quite enough for one day's tour.

Again starting from Perth by rail to Crieff, you pass
Methven Castle and Balgowan ; at both places there is
fine old timber as well as many of the newly introduced
Conifers. At Abercairny, the residence of C. H. D.
Moray, Esq., is a fine estate, and the proprietor
pays great attention to the timber and fences on it,
in addition to foresters keeping a regular stalf of
hedgers, who cut, plant, c&c., all the hedges on the
estate, resulting in its being one of the best kept
properties in Scotland. At Crieff a vehicle should at
once be obtained to drive to Drummond Castie,
which is open daily to visitors.

This is one of the finest estates in Scotland, From
the entrance to the Castle is an avenue of Oak
trees but sufficient width of road, nor distance
from tree to tree was given to make this effec-
tive : it looks cramped and narrow. Arriving at
the Castle, the great treat here is the flower garden,
figured in these columns, the design being considered
the finest in Europe. If an inspection of the
immense woods and forests should be wished it
would be better to write to Henry Curr, Esq., Pit
kellony House, Muthill, Perthshire, the factor to the
estate, and ask permission, otherwise, if only a cursory
view is wished, instruct the driver to take you to
Comrie, by way of Strowan ; ample evidence
will then be afforded of the large tract of
land covered with timber. On the road to
Comrie you will pass Strowan, the residence of
— Graham, Esq. Above this, on an eminence, is
the Melville Monument. A little further on you will
reach the estate of Lawers, the residence of Colonel
Williamson, on which some very fine Oak and Ash
timber is to be seen on each side of the road ; also an
avenue reaching to the river Earn. In front of the
house the hillsides are thickly covered with timber,
Comrie is only noted for its earthquakes and a pool,
called the Devil's Cauldron. Returning from here, on
the road to Crieff is Ochtertyre, the residence of Sir
Patrick Keith Murray, Bart. Entering the domain
at the Comrie end, as you drive through some fine old
timber will be seen. Altogether this is a delightful
and beautiful residence. If a little time can be spent,
acquaintance should be made with Mr. Croucher,
who will, in his quiet affable manner, endeavour to
point out the most interesting subjects. If time per-
mits a visit should be made to Cultoquhey, about
3 miles from Crieff, the residence of — Graham,
Esq., where, amongst other noble trees, are some
very handsome specimens of Pinus Cembra. CrieH'
is specially famed for its immense hydropathic estab-
lishment. By the time Perth is reached a long and
interesting day will have been spent,

{To he ccJtti'iued.')

Kentiopsis macrophylla. — In the Revue Hor-
ticole, p. 372, we find a coloured plate of this
elegant Palm. It is a native of New Caledonia, with
pinnate leaves, the pinnae being oblong-lanceolate.
The colour of the young leaves is a rich brownish-red,
and the habit of the plant such as to make it highly
ornamental for the conservatory.

232

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION,

{Continued /rom p. 200.)

Japan. — Owing to the varied character of its
climate Japan possesses a singularly rich flora, as will
readily be seen in the numerous and somewhat in-
teresting nature of its exhibits. In the north flourish
vast forests of Oak and Pine ; in the south the
Cycas, Tree Ferns, the Banana, the Bamboo,
Bignonia, and Myrtle, delight the eye with their grace
of form and wealth of colour. The landscapes are
also richly diversified by clusters of Hydrangeas,
Camellias, and Azaleas, which here attain a luxuriance
and beauty almost unknown in Europe. Amongst
the trees which clothe the mountains are the Chest-
nut, Maple, Beech, Elm, Lime, Elder, and Cypress.
Japan also possesses amongst its varied collection
of ornamental Conifers several of great value as
timber trees, and which have been critically studied
and figured in recent volumes of the Cardeturs'
Chronicle, Amongst these may be specially noted
Retinospora obtusa, a splendid slab of which is ex-
hibited, which clearly shows the great size this tree
attains in its native country, the wood of which might,
at a casual glance, be readily mistaken for that of the
Californian Redwood, than which, however, it is of
superior quality, being extensively used in ship build-
ing, for the erection of houses, and for turnery. Other
varieties of the same wood are also shown, but these
seem of inferior quality and destitute of the rich
colour so characteristic of the normal form.

The Japan Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) — a tree
much prized in this country for its ornamental ap-
pearance and general suitability for our climate — must,
from the sections of wood here shown, attain a goodly
size in its native country. This tree attains to a
height of 130 feet and is much used in Japan for
bordering the high road. Various slabs of the more
ornamental limbers are also on view, such as the Bird
Cherry, Maple, Juniper, Yew, and Camphor-wood,
the latter remarkable not only for its fragrant perfume
but for its beautiful graining as well. Of what we
have styled ornamental woods there is exhibited an
exceedingly neat trophy, showing in combination
nearly 100 specimens of such as are valuable either
for quality, beauty of graining, or colour. Amongst
the various forms of Oak found in Japan, several of
which are evergreen, none are of any particular value
as regards quality of timber, though for ordinary pur-
poses they are much in request. From the bark of
one species of Oak cork is obtained, while others are
valuable for their edible fruit or for the dyes obtained.
The Camphor tree (Laurus camphora), found in most
of the forests, occasionally attains to huge dimensions.
One, visited by Ksmpfer, in the island of Kiusiu, is
supposed to be upwards of 1000 years old. The
Lacquer or Varnish tree {Rhus verniflua) furnishes
the gum with which the Japanese heighten the
brilliancy of their /'fl/?>r mache articles. The Wax
tree (Rhus succedanea) yields seeds from which wax
for candles is obtained by compression. It thrives
best on barren and stony ground, ripens in its
eighteenth year, and afterwards declines.

Another valuable tree is the paper Mulberry
(Broussonetia papyrifera), whose bark supplies the
paper of which the Japanese make such extensive use.
Several specimens of clothing made from one cf the
climbing plants are also exhibited, as well as Willow
basket-work, woods for engraving purposes, and a
miscellaneous collection of useful articles ingeniously
made by the natives from Bamboo splints. An
interesting collection of butterflies, dragon-flies and
beetles is to be seen, as also specimens of the ordi-
nary silkworm, the culture and rearing of which is
an extensive Japanese industry. Specimens of silk
procured from the different varieties of the worm —
some of which are fed on the Mulberry leaves, and
others on those of the Oak — are also exhibited. To
those interested in the manufacture of charcoal an
examination of the models of kilns will be highly
instructive. One of these is made of stone, in which
Oak and the better classes of wood are carbonised,
and the other, which nearly approaches our own
method of kiln-burning, is used chiefly for the rougher
woods. The former method, from the quantity of
charcoal produced — 300 lb. from about 1000 lb. of
wood— is well worthy of imitation by those who have
the supplying of this commodity for estate purposes.
An interesting collection of about 100 dried spe-
cimens of the leaves of different varieties of Maples
is conspicuously arranged in frames made of differ-

ent woods, and give to the observer a fair idea of the
numbers of this interesting family now under culti-
vation in Japan.

A tree-transplanting machine of good design, various
wood-working tools, wooden water-pipes ingeniously
constructed, and a timber-pond, are all exhibits of a
practical nature. These ponds exist in large numbers
in Japan, and are in construction somewhat similar
to those used on the Continent. In our own country
the art of preserving timber by subjecting the logs to
the influence of salt water has long been known, and
is, in many sea-side districts, extensively practised
even at the present time. There are likewise exhi-
bited models of rustic arbours and fences, a collection
of cones and seeds, specimens of dwarfing and graft-
ing, in which the Japanese are very accomplished, and
many other objects of interest which space will not
allow our dwelling on at present.

Wood-working Machinery, and other
Minor Exhibits.— The largest exhibit in this class
is that of Messrs. John McDowell & Sons, Johnstone,
near Glasgow. In this extensive collection the most
approved wood-cutting and preparing machinery are
to be seen in motion, from a monster steam frame for
sawing logs up to 30 inches square, to the band or
ribbon-saw which is used for cutting out the most
delicate fretwork articles. The latter, which we saw
at work, is certainly a most useful machine, and will
occasion a great saving of labour over the older
inventions. Other exhibits in this way are sent by
Robertson & Sons, Rochdale ; Carrick & Ritchie,
Edinburgh ; and Sagar & Co., Halifax ; all of which
firms are well represented in the various forms of
wood-working machinery, the transit and erection of
which must have occasioned no little trouble and
expense. Messrs. Hornsby & Sons, Grantham,
exhibit their famous hedge- cutter, an excellent
machine where the ground is tolerably level. A
portable railway, with trollies and waggons, for use in
forest work, is shown by Glehn & Sons, London.
This is an excellent idea, well worthy of extension,
and one that we have seen most profitably employed
in the forest department of an estate in the North of
Ireland. Mr. N. Ahlbolter shows an excellent com-
position for protecting young trees against the
ravages of vermin, and one we believe to be well
worthy of a fair trial by such of our foresters as are
troubled with these pests. The composition has this
much in its favour, that it is non-poisonous in nature,
non-injurious to even the most tender tree, easily
applied, and is regarded with special aversion by both
hares and rabbits.

Wire Fencing. — Various specimens of wire fenc-
ing, all on the most improved principle, rustic arbour
work, entrance and wicket gates, as well as various
useful straining pillars for wire fencing, are exhibited
by l!en. Reid & Co., Aberdeen, Smith & Son, Inver-
ness ; Gibson & Son, Edinburgh ; P. & K. Fleming
and A. »& J. Main, both of Glasgow; and W. Bain
Lochrin, Edinburgh.

Wood Carving, &c.— As regards carved work,
certainly by far the most elaborate are three
pieces of furniture exhibited by W. Adams, Queens-
ferry Street, Edinburgh. These, which" show
artistic qualities of the highest order, are in dark
Oak, and represent (l) a large doorway sup-
ported by elegant figures representing '* War," the
panels being richly carved with illustrations from
Shakespeare ; (2) a massive Oak settle of exquisite
workmanship, depicting the demanding of Magna
Charta from King John ; and (3) a mantelpiece illus-
trating various battle subjects.

To those interested in Irish bog Oak, a visit to the
stand of J. Jacques will be well repaid by a sight of
the various exquisite articles manufactured from this
famous wood.

Of firearms, Messrs. Henry and D. & J. Fraser
Edinburgh, have sent a very varied contribution, the
former exhibiting in an ebony and gold case a variety
of weapons used for sporting purposes, conspicuous
amongst which is a neat and elegantly inlaid Express
rifle of miniature design. Messrs. Fraser's exhibits
are of a similar nature, and include a number of well-
finished rifles, as well as samples of Walnut wood,
from which the finest gun and rifle stocks are made.

A dining-room suite in the Stuart style, made from
wood grown in the old Caledonian forest in Dalkeith
Park, is both interesting and beautiful. The same
exhibitor, W. S. Brown, Howe Street, Edinburgh,
has also on view a neat and elegant bedroom suite
made from the Californian Redwood, the adapta-

bility of this wood for the use of the cabinet-maker
being very apparent in the various articles ol which
the suite is composed.

The Woolwich Arsenal exhibits, which are neatly
arranged on the right side near the entrance, are of a
very interesting nature, and illustrate in a practical
manner the kinds of wood used in the army depart-
ment, as well as the various uses to which they are
applied. Conspicuous in this collection are several
examples of lances, from those fully equipped do*n
to such as are in an unfinished state ; alsu
samples of the ingenious processes through which the
stocks for the Martini-Henry and Snider rifles pass
previous to being ready for attaching to the barrel.

Specimens of the charcoal used in the manufacture
of gunpowder (made from Dogwood, Willow, and
Alder) are bhown in cases on the table alongside the
latter exhibit. Arranged in frames are well polished
and distinctly named sections of the woods used in
this department — forty-seven in number — with details
of the various uses to which they are applied in army
equipment.

CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS.

Although lacking the rich colour of some other
species and varieties, this proves a " very handsome
evergreen shrub," its dark glossy leaves, covered
with white felted down on the undersurface, and the
prolusion of whitish flowers rendering it very attrac-
tive. Our sketch (fig. 45) was taken from a
specimen kindly sent us by Mr. Gumbleton, with
whom, in the South of Ireland, it proves hardy
against a wall, and indeed in most winters it would
be hardy throughout the country, particularly if
slightly protected. Its beauty is such as fully to
repay any little attention of this kind. It is a native
of Oregon, and was originally introduced by Douglas,
and afterwards by Lobb, but has become scarce in
cultivation. It was figured in Hooker's Flora Boreali-
Americana^ p. 125, t. 45, 2>Xi^\VL\.\i^ Botanical Maga-
zine^ i860, t. 5165.

DOT PLANTS.

We all admire the plan of placing plants in the
flower beds, which shall break up the too great
uniformity of surface ; it is a good one, and
seems to give liveliness to the garden scene, that con-
trasts very advantageously with that which we were
accustomed to see ten years back. Then, all was flat
and monotonous, and colour eff'ect was the only object
sought for, the wonder being now, that this rage for
big masses of high colour, in which the eye found no
resting-place, and which had no meaning, did not die
out sooner. However, with the greater variety of
plants employed at the present time, their less con-
fined distribution, and the free use of those elegant
plants, the subtropicals, we have now obtained a
species of garden arrangement which deserves to be
tenderly dealt with by the tyrant. Fashion. It may
be said, that to the increase of the variety we have
also added the charm of greater cheapness in garden
decoration ; at least, where cost is a consideration, a
way is shown by which it can be carried out with
hardy plants, bulbs, tubers, and annuals and biennials.
Of course, the most admired gardens and finished
parterres cannot be contrived from such materials ;
and those who, ignoring the unsurmountable difficul-
ties that beset their efforts, and hope to create ihe
fine and more lasting efl'ects which nobler plants only
can achieve, must meet with disappointment.

Those who possess a garden near the house arc
quite right in wishing to see that garden as enjoyable
for as long a period as our climate will allow, so that
the gardener is under compulsion to use the long-
flowering old favourites in considerable numbers, if he
will not be perpetually changing the contents of his
beds or borders. It matters not if it is spring,
summer, or autumn gardening, the recognised favour-
ites must be used, if comparatively lasting eflfects are
desired. Spring is our most fleeting season, and that
is also the time in which the best use can be made of
hardy annuals, early flowering perennials, and bulbs,
as these, under the cooler skies of that portion of the
year last much longer in fine condition than they
would do later on, even if we could have them
then. Such annuals as Clarkias, Collinsias, Eucha-
ridiums, Clintonias, Myosotis, so treated, and Wall-
flowers, Saponaria ocymoides, Silenes, Tansies are
really good annuals, or plants annually treated so as
to class with them, and are some of the best things
to use for the broader effects, or, as we may say, the

August 23, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

233

ground colours of spring arrangements. And then,
when the flush of bloom is gone, we can pull these
plants up and throw the really annual ones away
without a regret — in fact, with positive gain, for we
have not got to care for them a moment longer. The
advance of summer, when the plants for that season
ought to be all in the ground by the beginning of
June, makes this change imperative.

One of the newer adoptions is that of employing

What do we know of the capabilities of pyramidal,
columnar, or the much maligned standard or half-
standard forms of Lantanas, zonal Pelargoniums,
r. Rollisson's Unique, or the newer Ivy-leaved sort!
— Abutilons, Fuchsia corymbosa, F. corallina, F,
serratifolia, F. Dominiana, and other kinds — Ilelio'
tropes, Calceolarias, Plumbago capensis, double'
flowered Pelargonium, Clematises, Abutilons ? These,
one and all, are wonderfully decorative when grown in

Fig. 45.— CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS : ilARPY SHRUB, GLOSSY FOLIAGE, WHITISH TLOWERS. (SEE P. 232.]

isolated, or solitary plants in beds and borders, and
concerning which we may express the opinion that
gardeners are, in the matter of variety in these
plants, just a little too exclusive. Nearly all the
plants used are flowerless ones, and depend for
their effect upon their foliage ; but however fine small
Palms, Vuccas, miniature Conifers, Ficus elaslica,
F. Parcelli, Dracaenas, Aralias, Myrtles, Osmanthus
illicifolius, Japanese Maples, &c., may be, we should
like to see some of these sentinels chosen from
amongst the more conspicuously flowering section of
plants.

the way stated above, and are then most abundant
bloomers. Some little time and trouble are required
to raise the plants to the wished-for height, but when
this is once performed the plants can be kept for
many years if lifted in the autumn before sharp frosts
set in. It may be noted that the quickest growing
stocks or stems are to be had from seedlings, on
which, when they are strong enough, the nobler
variety can be grafted or inarched. The majority of
the plants named could be raised within two years,
and the perfect plants, being the direct result of
careful culture and assiduity, would become the more
valued as a personal possession. M.

A YORKSHIRE GARDEN.

A VISIT to Yorkshire fouml me this summer in
close proximity to the old town of Beverley, and there
I made the acquaintance of an enthusiastic lover of
plants with whom I had often corresponded. I found
1 )r. Appleton doing as much as could possibly be
done in the way of cultivation of pLants with very
much against him. I lis little garden was full from
one end to the other, and his greenhouses showed
signs of the elaborate care which he had bestowed
upon them. Moreover I got from him two or three
very valuable wrinkles, and I shall act upon one of
them as soon as the occasion requires. I refer to a
simple but very effectual pl.an for holding a sheet of
glass safely over the head of a small plant when the
wind is high. In winter-time and during any hard
rains it is a very great safeguard for an alpine plant
to have a piece of glass put over its head so as to
throw off the water ; it is a very common device, but
open to one great objection— the glass will often not
remain properly in its place, and a gust of wind may
at any time carry it away or shiver it to pieces. A
few stones may sometimes prevent all this, but there is
no certainty about it. Dr. Appleton has so manipu-
lated with some stout pieces of wire that they nip a
piece of glass on two sides, and they do it so effectually
that they hold it quite firmly in its place, however
fiercely the tempest may rage. I attach the greatest
importance to this simple device, for it gives me a
prospect of many an alpine saved which would other-
wise have been lost, I have had so much trouble
about keeping pieces of glass in their right places that
I had almost ceased to put trust in them.

He largely uses some coarse slag for his alpines,
and by mixing this with leaf-mould he says he meets
their requirements. He is greatly a believer in the
mechanical rather than the chemical properties of any
soil he may use for them. I noticed in his garden a
variety of Campanula turbinata, which seemed to
me to be larger and brighter than what I had seen
elsewhere. He called it Campanula turbinata Schottii,
and it was very pretty indeed. Sedum spathulifolium,
Iberis jucunda, Saxifraga paradoxa, Sempervivum
arachnoideum, Erythrrea diffusa, Saxifraga rosularis,
&c , were all doing well. I expect I shall find Dr.
Appleton, if I visit Yorkshire again, with a much
larger affair on his hands, and with a fine collection
of plants. Not far from Beverley there is a garden
over which tears might be shed. If any of your
readers want to know how quickly all traces of his
devotion to his favorites can be lost— how utterly in a
brief space of time things can run down— he may
find it all here. It is a very sad story for any lover
of flowers. A former rector of the parish to which I
refer lived to be ninety years old, and his son, who
succeeded him, and who was also a clergyman, num-
bered eighty before he died, and for a very large part
of this long term of years they kept on collecting
plants. It was all done in a very knowing and quiet
way, and long before the renaissance wiih regard to
the cultivation of herbaceous and alpine plants had set
in these two were at work. Some florists* flowers
also were greatly in favour, and the Pansy bed was
always a sight to see in the merry month of
May. But a sad change came over the prospect from
a gardening point of view. The rector who followed
the last of the two I have named above was not abso-
lutely inimical to flowers so far as I have heard any-
thing about him. He neither hated nor loved them,
and he simply let everything go its own way. But he
did not reign long, and then an iron age began.
Somehow a foxhunter got hold of a lease of the house
and the grounds to which I refer (they were at that
time not attached to the rectory, though now they
belong to it), and he lost no time in inaugurating a
new condition of things. He told a neighbouring
nurseryman that he cared nothing at all for his garden
and that he might do what he liked with it, if he
would keep him supplied with Potatos and Peas. It
need hardly be stated what was the upshot of this.
Long rows of Dahlias disappeared for ever. Pansy
beds were run off into grass. Anemones, Leucojums,
Lilies, Fiitillarias, and a thousand other things were
never heard of again, and instead of the miseuii utile
dtilei, which is bad enough in all conscience in some
cases, a regard for what is useful drove out every-
thing else, and there was little beauty left. But the
worst was to come yet. A decided antipathy to all
plants and bulbs followed on this. " Take all of
them, if you like," was said to me ; " the whole
garden reeks with bulbs. I throw away the nasty

234

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

things as fast as I can : " and I had full permis-
sion ijiven to me to carry off the relics of a glorious
past, as much as I lilted. I ain sony to say I found
but little to take; the ploughshare of destruction had
done its work too well. The fruits of most earnest
labour, which had been spread over a hundred years,
were dissipated in ten, and no one who was not cog-
nisant of what had gone before could ever have dreamt
Inw an Eden had thus been despoiled.

I accepted the permission which had been given
me, and which was, in truth, most kindly meant, and
a spade which had known better days was used here
and there in the hope that some great treasure might
hi disinterred. Alas ! the hope was well-nigh in
vain. Here and there were the remains of a Crown
Lnperial which had blossomed in the spring, a Vera-
tium looked out timidly from among the shrubs as
ihougii it feared to be seen, a dry leaf or two of
Anemone ranunculoides told of the veritable Cloth of
Gold which I had seen there in former days, an old
Kerria japonica stood upright amidst the ruins,
but there was little else to be seen. As though in
dismal satire now, and in plain contradiction to
everything with which it was surrounded, a little old
board but yesterday hung on the panels of a summer-
house fast falling into decay, and on it were still the
words in wliich Idorace expressed a wish which many
since his lime have had : — " Hoc erat in votis :
modus agri non itu magnus, Ilortus ubi," &c., and
it seemed as though it were preaching to the
winds, so little was the notice that was ever taken of it.
The only thing that is quite unchanged, though sadly
out of harmony with all its present surroundings, is a
little babbling brook, one of the sweetest which I
have ever seen in the land, and from which Tennyson
might have derived an inspiration for his favourite
song. The shadows were playing on it as of old, and
the trout were darting hither and thither beneath the
bridge, but the flowers which used to edge its banks
were all gone, and a crescent-shaped border close by,
which in other days never failed to respond to the
earliest touch of spring, had become like some barren
waste^there was not a single thing in it. The only
person I have ever seen with any gardening propen-
sities who scented out this oasis in the desert was the
late f . C. Niven of Hull, and he told me he was fairly
astonished by what he saw. He found rare plants
growing there by the yard, and he came upon a
breadth of Sanguinatia canadensis which could not
fail to electrify him.

Very much might be added to all this, but it would
take up too much of your space. I would just note
how in another Yorkshire garden I came across a
phenomenon which greatly surprised me. Almost in
the gravel walk and almost under a large flagstone I
espied the little wiry shoots of Trop.Tolum speciosum
struggling upwards towards the light ; it was not a
place where plants, were much thought about, and it
appeared that a lady had met with this beautiful
creeper in Scotland and had brought it home with
her. All she did with it was to clap it down against
the side of the house and to leave it entirely to its
fate. But Fortune was better to it than might have
been expected, and Tropjeolum speciosum determined
to live. I spent a quarter of an hour in just edging
olf the flagstone and in improving the soil, without
any handlmg of the roois, and am certain that there
will be a great blaze of colour here which will astonish
t'le natives. But the inference that I drew from it
was this : the reason why Trop^eolum speciosum is
reputedly more of a Northern than of a Southern plant
is becau.->e it must be cool at the roots. Perhaps a
great llagslone put in closer proximity to it than might
have been deemed well would coax it into acquiescence
with its lot, and the glory of Scotland might luxu-
riate cither in Devonshire or in the Isle of Wight,
A ^Vandacr,

[,To he continued.')

STARLINGS.

If many of your readers are labouting under the
same impressions as myi^elf respecting these valuable
birds, of which Mr. Andersen gave so interesting an
account at p. 2C3 of the Gardeners' Chronicle, it may
not be out of place to insert the following observa-
tions. Before condemning these birds, I must confess
I quite agree with the writer of the article in ques-
tion, that they pay a good rent for the nest-boxes
which are now so commonly provided for them, but
it is paid to the farmer, and not to the gardener, as
the following facts will prove : —

The starling gets well paid for his labour if he is
fo'ind in a house rent-free during the incubation and
Itajitg of the young, and can find a good bed of

ripe Strawberries or Raspberries, and then very few
insects will be eaten by them. I must admit it was a
surprise to me to find that starlings would eat fruit.

A short time since, when Strawberries were in full
bearing, a friend of mine remarked to me that he had
been shooting starlings that morning. My friend
being a gardener, I naturally inquired his reason for
shooting these valuable birds, for I had thought that
no gardener or farmer would kill starlings, so useful
were they to them. The answer I got was quite as
astonishing as his former remarks—" They are eat-
ing my Strawberries by the peck ; and I do not know
of a more mischievous bird than the starling."

Since getting this novel item of news respecting the
bird I have been veryclosely watching their movements
in and about the gardens here, where I consider they
have had a very fair trial, as I had a Cauliflower bed
and Gooseberry trees which were attacked by cater-
pillars, and which grew in close proximity to a large
bed of Strawberries. I soon found my supposed good
friends paid frequent visits to the latter in the early
morning hours, and to my surprise I found that for
every caterpillar they devoured they took a goodly
number o( Strawberries in return for their kindness.
Alfred Bishop.

[Since the toll they take almost counterbalances
any good they may do, you must put nets over your
fruit, but do not slaughter your friends in the way
your gardening friend did ; and remember fruit is not
always in season out-of-doors, so that starlings must
perforce eat insects or other noxious things at such
seasons. Ed.].

MR. B. S. WILLIAMS' NURSERY,

HOLLOWAY.

Notwithstanding the alleged paucity of bloom
to be seen in Orchid -houses at the present season,
Mr. Williams always contrives to give the visitor
some interesting sights in his houses. It would not
be consistent with the literal truth to assert there is a
"wealth of bloom," but some nice things can be
remarked in several genera. Ccelogynes can even
now find a representative in C. Massangeana, a plant
carrying two long spikes of yellow flowers, that have
dark brown markings — these are striking and also
pretty. Cypripediums were not abundant, but we
noticed that fine species, C. superbiens (Veitchii) ; it
had been long in bloom, and was still bearing six of
its handsomely marked flowers. The foliage of this
plant is as handsome almost as the flowers, so dis«
linct being the white and green mottlings on these.
Flowers could be found on two fine Cypripediums,
viz., selligerum, which possessed four or more, and
C. Lowii, whose spike of successional blooms was
very fine.

Cattleya crispa, in several large examples, as notice-
able for the charming variety in the flowers ;
although agreeing in general, the degree of whiteness
in the sepals and petals, and the intensity of colour in
the lip, diff^ering a good deal, but they were each hand-
some. A pretty Vanda limbata was showing several
blooms, but it was getting a little /aj^i', as was Lcelia
elegans, which had been finely in flower. A Cattleya,
a hybrid betwixt Eldorado and superba, was carrying
a bloom or two. The leaves are produced singly, as
in C. Eldorado, and in pairs, as is the constant habit
of C. superba ; the bulbs are also slender, as in
Eldorado ; the petals ore dull vinous-purple, sepals
greenish, the throat being white, suffused with
purplish-rose, and lip a dark purple— unusual combina-
tion of tints, not productive of a showy bloom. It is
valuable as an achievement in Orchid hybridisation
only. Brassia verrucosa major, is a great rarity, and
decidedly showy, and worthy of a place in any collec-
tion. The spike was of some length, and drooping
as in most of the genus, the flowers being 5 inches
across, and of a pleasing creamy- white hue — the plant
seen carrying four blooms fully expanded. Calanthe
veratrifolia was bearing aloft one strong flower-
spike ; the plant having been in tolerably constant
bloom since September, iSSj, proves its usefulness.

Other Orchids in flower more or less abundantly
were Mesospinidium vulcanicum, several Miltonias,
as Morelliana, Regnelli, and virginalis, Odontoglos-
sums citrosmum, Pescatorei, polyanthum, and trium-
phans ; Pilumna nobilis, with two spikes, pure white,
and beautifully scented ; Phalcenopsis amabilis,
blooming as it does at all seasons ; and V. grandiflora,
that carries its blooms in the manner of amabilis,
but is larger, and has a yellov/ blotch in the middle

of them, Phalsenopsis Esmeralda and Schilleriana
were amongst those with blooms. A pretty Sobralia,
as all Sobralias are, was seen in Macrantha rosea, a
dwarf growing miniature kind, evanescent as regards
bloom, but producing it successively. Vanda Bate-
manni bad been good, but was over ; and Thunia
alba was also seen, Cattleya Wallisii (Eldorado alba)
and C. Gaskelliana were likewise noticeable plants,
the purplish sepals and petals of the latter being very
striking characteristics.

Several Masdevallias were putting forth a few
flowers, which had all the look of incongruity and
unseasonableness ; their bright colours meet with
small recognition whilst summer bedding and other
out-of-doors flowers are so gorgeous. There were M.
Backhousiana, M. Ilarryana, M. ignea, and M.
Veitchii, Dendrobium superbiens, Disa grandiflora,
Dendrochilum filiforme, and Anguloa Clowesit were
amongst the rest of the Orchids carrying a few blooms,

Mr. Williams is cultivating the beautiful Diplade-
nias in large quantities, he evidently believing in
an increased cultivation of the plants now that their
culture is better understood by gardeners, D. elegans,
the white one with the lemon throat, resembling
closely some of the Thunbergias, was doing capitally
in a low span stove-pit, as were D. amabilis and D.
Brearleyana. The span-house lately erected has one
half filled with Ericas, bushy, healthy plants, that
show at this season of the year but small signs of being
grown in London ; the other half is filled with the
Amaryllis, now ripening off their bulbs. This last
named division has hotbeds in the middle of the space
and at the sides, and is altogether a useful structure,
Physianthus albens, a white-flowered twiner, was
flowering nicely in the Ileath-house.

THE CAPER BUSH.

Every one knows the Capers of commerce, a con-
diment which enters into various culinary preparations,
and has a reputation as an anti-scorbutic. They are
the flower-buds of Capparis spinosa, a shrub of warm
climates. The flower-buds of Zygophyllum fabago
are, however, occasionally substituted for real Capers.
Common as this product of commerce is, few have
any true knowledge of the culture and extent of the
trade in this trifling article. The culture of the shrub
is chiefly conflned to Provence and the locality half-
way between Marseilles and Toulon. In Asia Minor,
Greece, and Turkey, where the Caper grows
wild in the fields, it is regarded as a nuisance, ex-
hausting the soil, and being difficult to eradicate. The
quantity of Capers annually collected in Provence is
estimated at 1,760,000 lb., worth on an average Td.
per pound.

The plain of Cuges between Marseilles and Toulon
is where the best Capers are grown, and where the
mode of culture can best be seen. This is an oval
basin of about 900 acres, surrounded by high moun-
tains, which afl'ord shelter. The soil is a rich cal-
careous clay ; the plants are grown on the hillocks or
slopes, where the soil is retained by walls of stone,
in terraces, which look like the steps of a great amphi-
theatre. The plants are raised from suckers or cuttings,
which are saved at the time of pruning or trimming
for the second time in spring. These cuttings, about
3 feet long, may be kept several days before planting
if wrapped in a wet cloth. It is not necessary to
follow the instructions in detail for planting, &c., as
the culture is not likely to receive attention here.

It is not till the fifth or sixth year that the shrubs
are in full bearing. The after-production is indefinite,
for there are plantations which have yielded abundant
crops for fiftyyearsand whicharestillin good condition.
The fruit-buds are gathered from the trees by women,
who receive z\'i. per kilogramme of a little over
2 lb. They are collected every two or three days,
before they become too large and hard. They are
spread on cloths for a day, and picked over and
thrown into a cask of wine vinegar, and on the good
quality of this vinegar depends the excellence of the
Capers. If the vinegar is bad, they will not be firm,
but soft and washy. Those which are collected before
they are mature are sold under the name of ^'conti-
chons de Carriers " because they resemble in form
small Gherkins. Before being sold to the dealers
they are passed over various sieves to sort them into
different sizes. A good Caper plantation will yield
So kilog. to the hectare (24 acres), but the expense is
considerable. The growers arc, however, well
satisfied with their returns. P. I.. S.

August 2?

1884]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

235

WATER SUPPLY.

Rain Gaugfs. — All water supply comes from the
clouds, and it is with the products of the clouds as rain
including therein snow and hail) that I have to deal.

Perhaps, before describing the general features of
rainfall distribution, it may be permissible to explain
(for the use of those who have never done it) how the
fall of rain is measured. If we imagine a flat dish — a
tea-tray, for instance — placed upon a lawn during
rain, it is obvious that (subject to loss by splashing)
that tray would at the end of the shower be covered
by a layer of water of a depth approximately equal to
that which fell upon all portions of the lawn, and the
depth of the water on it (say half an inch) would be the
depth of the rain fallen. Obviously, besides the loss by
splashing, the water on this tray would soon evapo-
rate and be lost, besides which the depth could not
easily be accurately measured. For these reasons
some form of funnel is always used, so that the rain
may be, as it were, trapped, prevented from splashing
out, and from evaporation. In the gauge before you
(a very inexpensive one) all known sources of error
are guarded against, and, as the water collected by a
5 inch funnel is measured in a jar only I^ inch in
diameter, it will at once be seen that its vertical depth
is multiplied nearly tenfold, and therefore even ',yh
of an inch is easily measured.

There are other patterns specially adapted for
observation on mountain tops, where they can only be
visited once a month ; others for observations during
heavy thunderstorms, so as to obtain data needful for
drainage questions ; others in which every shower
that falls writes down its history— the instant of its
commencement, its intensity during every minute,
and the time of its termination ; but I must not stand
between you and other papers with a discourse on the
many interesting points which these gauges bring out.

Rain Records. — During the last twenty-five years
I have done what I could towards establishing a com-
plete system of recording the rainfall in this country.
In early days the British Association for the Advance-
ment of Science gave considerable help, but some ten
years since they dropped it. Government has never
given any help at all, and now the whole cost, or
99 per cent, of it, is borne by the observers them-
selves, a body which has now grown to the very
large number of nearly 3000, I do not know the
precise number, but there are every year new stations
beginning, old ones stopping, and others interrupted ;
yet for iSSj I have just had the pleasure of printing
perfect records from 2433 stations, every record
having been previously carefully examined and
verified.

Hitherto I have been so overworked, and my staff
has been so sm.all, that the discussion of the data falls
bihind the collection ; for this reason I cannot lay
before you such data as I wish. However, the map
on the wall is the one I drew many years ago, and
which was inserted in the sixth report of the'Rivers
Pollution Commission. It is not perfect, but as it is
tinted with increasing darkness for places with heavy
annual falls of rain, it will at least show you the
broad features of the distribution over the country.

I refrain from going into the subject in detail,
desiring chiefly that you should realise the fact that
large tracts of country have twice, and even three
times, as much rain as others. If we descend to
single stations the ditTerences are, of course, greater —
^.j'., in 18S3 the rainfall at The Stye, in Cumber-
land, was 190. 28 inches, and at Clacton-on-Sea, in
Essex, it was only 18.71 inches; that is to say, the
one was more than ten times the other.

Here I should like to interpose a question as to
public policy. There is often a great outcry if the
water of one district is taken to another. Surely,
while there is no relation whatever between the
density of population and the quantity of rainfall, one
early duty of a Government is to see that all parts are
amply supplied with the chief necessary of life.
Englishmen have a dread of centralisation, but in
many ways they pay a long price for their dread. At
present it is not often that any town can even state
before Parliament its views as to the effect upon it of
what its next neighbour may be obtaining powers to
do. Having suggested one semi-legal question, I may
as well mention at once another. Up to the present
time, there being no Hydraulic Office (as I hold that
there should be) in this country, all the larger water
questions come before Parliament as private Bills,
and, provided that they get through committee, they,
as a matter of course, become law — law for all time

to come. No one can foresee what will be the total
population of this country a century hence. No one
can tell where the bulk of the people will reside, nor
what will be the need for water in various parts of
the country. Water-rights are already very valuable,
and they will probably become still more so. Would
it be possible to safeguard our successors by insisting
that special water-rights, if now asked to be created,
shall be subject to revision, without compensation,
after the lapse of 100 years ?

However, to return to rainfall, and explain why I
stated it to be the origin of water supply. All rain
and melted snow must be disposed of either by evapo-
ration, percolation, or flow into streams and rivers.
The first class, evaporation, is, of course, not a
supply, and therefore we must not pursue it. Perco-
lation is the source of all springs, and of all well-
water. Sometimes, as at Lancaster, the springs are
so large that even a considerable town can be sup-
plied by merely laying pipes to the sources whence
they burst forth ; sometimes they run into the reser-
voirs of gravitation waterworks ; sometimes they
pass, as in the chalk districts, for miles beneath im-
pervious strata, finally being either pumped up from
wells, or even, in rare cases, rising as true artesian
wells above the surface of the ground ; and sometimes
they pass even deeper, as in the Red Sandstone supplies
pumped from extreme depths for Liverpool and other
towns.

The water which runs off the surface is sometimes
utilised by throwing a bank across a stream, and
thereby forming a reservoir behind it, as, for instance,
in the new supply for Liverpool from the Vyrnwy,
where the reservoir will form a lake larger than many
of those in Cumberland. Sometimes the lakes them-
selves are utilised as reservoirs, as, for instance, Loch
Katrine and the surrounding lakes, and sometimes, as
at York and London, the rivers are drawn from by
powerful pumping machinery,

It is often said that there are few things so uncertain
as the rain. That is both true and false. True as
regards our ignorance of the future, false as regards
our knowledge of the limits within which the quantity
of rain will be found to vary.

There are now hundreds of records of rainfalls in
this country of thirty or more years each, and in a
very large majority of them it will be found that the
following proportions will be within 7 per cent, of the
truth :—

Wettest year, 45 per cent, more than the average.

Driest year, ^^ per cent, less than the average.

Driest two consecutive years, 26 per cent, less than the

average.
Driest three consecutive years, 21 per cent. less than the

average.

There arc many other facts respecting the laws of
rainfall distribution, concerning which time prevents
my saying anything, but I trust that enough has been
said to establish the necessity of a perfect system of
rainfall registration as the basis of any efficient
hydraulic organisation. G. J. Syinons, F.S.S., in the
" Journal of the Society of Arts"

Rose, Red Dragon.— A seedling from Charles
Lcfebvre, raised in the establishment of Messrs. W.
Paul & Son at Waltham, and having beautiful crim-
son flowers and a climbing habit. It is figured in
the last number of the Journal dcs Roses.

Rose A. K. Williams.— A feeble rosarian, with
plenty of enthusiasm, my experience of A. K. Williams
is ihat blooms for exhibition must be cut from
maiden plants, i.e., stocks budded the previous
autumn ; but my experience also is that stocks trans-
planted with dormant buds of A. K. Williams or any
Rose seldom give good blooms the first season after
transplanting. Therefore my advice, humbly given,
to rosarianswho would show A. K. Williams well, is.
Patience. Forego a season, and every year bud twenty-
five or thirty out of every hundred stocks you bud
with A. K. Williams, and give last year's plants away
in November to your neighbours— cottagers first ;
but if they do not like so to do, I may say I believe
with careful culture old plants of A. K. Williams may
give an occasional good bloom once in three years.
I have some old plants which bloomed as well as
maidens last year, and this year I have cut only very
pretty little blooms about the size of a crown piece.
I like them as big as the crown of a hat, but they
have made good wood, and promise well for next year.
Callus,

FORMATION OF STARCH.

Professor Sachs has been engaged in the study
of the rate of formation and disappearance of starch
in the leaves of growing plants, and as the process
for conducting these researches, unlike those for
determining the amount of absorption of water by
the living plant, is easy to carry out, and requires
little or no apparatus, I think I may venture to
describe it more in detail, as perhaps some present,
especially those who reside in country districts, might
be inclined to assist in this research by their own
observations.

The leaf to be examined is first plunged into boil-
ing water for about ten minutes, then taken out and
digested in alcohol f6r about the same time (I find
methylated spirit answers perfectly well). This
treatment extracts the whole of the colouring matter
(chlorophyll) and leaves the leaf perfectly white. The
leaf is now placed in an alcoholic solution of iodine,
and ihe presence or absence of starch is demonstrated
in a few minutes. The absorption of iodine com-
mences at the edges, and soon colours the leaf blue-
black if much starch be present, or brown if the
quantity of starch be but small. The venation of the
leaf appears as a pale network upon a dark ground,
rendering it a very beautiful object ; but all my efforts
to preserve the specimen beyond a few hours have
hitherto failed.

The curious and interesting information obtained
from these researches is, that the amount of starch
present in the leaf of any given plant varies consider-
ably under different circumstances. In direct sun-
shine, and under otherwise favourable circumstances,
starch is formed very rapidly ; but it generally dis-
appears entirely during the night, so that a leaf col-
lected in the evening will prove full of starch, while
another leaf of the same plant collected before sunrise
will not show a trace.

It is also an interesting fact, but one we should
quite anticipate, that if the air surrounding the plant
is deprived of its carbonic acid by means of caustic
soda, no production of starch takes place, even in
direct sunshine, and with warmth and moisture that
would under other conditions be sufficient.

Again, the gradual increase in the quantity of
starch produced during the day, and under specified
conditions, is a matter of great interest, as it would
point to certain times and conditions when the plant
would probably be more vigorous, and the activity of
its medicinal principles greater than at some other
time. We already recognise the importance cf plants
intended for medicinal use being collected at certain
periods of growth, but it is possible that we have still
something to learn upon this subject, F?-oin the
" Pharmaceutical Journal."

WEEVILS.

Vour correspondent, Mr. M. P. Andersen, allud-
ing to these pests, asks for a little information
relative to their history, so I send a few remarks,
and also state what means I have known taken
to destroy the larvae of some of the tribe in
their winter quarters. There are, it is said, about
20,000 species of weevils, and they are all vegetable
eaters, consequently they may well be called "one of
the plagues of agriculture," and every vegetable, as
likewise all our cereals, has its own particular foe.

The Pea weevil (Bruchus Pisi), "lays," says Louis
Figuier, "her eggs on Peas which are ripe, in which
the larva scoop out a habitation, and then make their
exit by a circular hole. They remain all the winter,
and are not batched till the following spring." Some
English writers say that this weevil undergoes all its
transformations in the seed, and that the perfect
insect remains there until the spring, but I am
certain that the perfect insects are sometimes seen in
the autumn, and that a very good way of killing the
pest is to burn the Pea haulm, fork the soil over, and
scatter air-slacked lime over the ground. The Plum
weevil is a real plague in America ; it is a true Cur-
culio, and looks for all the world like a dried bud
when shaken from the tree. It feigns death splen-
didly if you happen to disturb it in its operations.

236

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, tS

The beetle is of a dark colour, with white, yellow, and
black spots. It appears, like our cuckoo, between
April and June, when the little Plums are as big as
Peas. It slings the side of the fruit with its long
curved snout, making a crescent-shaped cut in the
skin, and there it deposits one egg, going on from
Plum to Plum. The grubs are hatched by the heat
of the sun, and immediately begin to burrow obliquely
towards the stone. The fruit gets weakened and falls
before it is ripe, when the maggot quits it and enters
the earth. It there becomes a pupa, and comes forth
a perfect insect in three weeks. Several broods are
hatched the same season, some of the late broods
remaining (as pupa) in the soil all the winter. These
weevils attack Apricots, Nectarines, Peaches, Apples,
Pears and Quinces, and our American cousins use
sulphur largely in destroying them, for all weevils
particularly dislike it.

Fruit gardeners will in small orchards go about
every morning and evening during June when the in-
sects are placing their eggs in the fruit, and by giving
a sudden shake or jar to the limbs cause the creatures
to fall off on to a sheet placed'under the tree, from
which they are easily collected and destroyed. Both
pigs and poultry will eat the larva, so these animals
are admitted when the fruit begins to fall ; in other
places the fallen fruit is gathered up and burned
before the grubs escape into the soil, and thus the
advent of a new generation is prevented.

I should imagine that it was the red-legged garden
weevil that attacked your correspondent's Strawberries.
They eat the roots. My son's garden, a small one,
was infested last year ; they ruined his vegetables,
even the larvje were as bad, if not worse, than the
weevil. Salt will kill them, but it killed the crops as
well, and ammoniacal liquour from gasworks will
likewise prove beneficial. The right time to apply it
is in autumn when the ground is free from crops, and
when it can be forked over to allow of the liquid
soaking in, Helen Wafney.

xi\(\i |ot«3 and |)laiTtit03

VANDA tricolor and V. SUAVIS. — Thi=;
section of Vanda, of the introduction of which
the late James Veitch was always so proud — as
well he might be, seeing that in it we obtained almost
all that the heart could desire in a plant — handsome
evergreen foliage, ornamentally arranged, and a pro-
fusion of very ornate flowers, very lasting, and of the
most delightful fragrance — was sent to the great
Chelsea firm from Java by their persevering collector,
Mr. Thos. Lobb, in 1846-47.

V. tricolor, the typical species, was mentioned in
vague terms in the Botanical Register, 1847, p. 59 ;
and later on, in the Botanical Magazine, 1849, vol.
75, tab. 4432, we find it well figured, and from it and
from contemporary information on the subject, we
learn that these Vandas were, even in those early days
of their introduction, both well grown and much
admired. But even in the small number which
reached Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son alive, it soon be-
came apparent that there was more than one variety,
and that while the plants varied somewhat in their
markings, a great and definite distinction could be
obtained by selecting the pure white grounds as one, and
the yellow as another group. Professor Reichenbach,
however, always maintained that they belonged to one
and the same species, and our now better knowledge of
the plants tells us that there is no reliable botanical
distinction between them. Nevertheless, the distinc-
tion was so well marked that Dr. Lindley described the
plantexhibitedbyMessrs. Veitch at theRoyal Horticul-
tural Society April 4, 1S48, which was named Vanda
suavis in the Gardeners^ Chronicle of that year, and
very justly speaks highly of the variety, the only mis-
direction being his description of it as having the
habit of V. Roxburghii, which was a very far-fetched
comparison. Paxton's Magazine of Botany^ 1849,
mentions V. suavis as being well shown by the late
Sigismund Rucker, and also by Messrs. Veitch, and
in the Botanical Magazine for 1S60, vol. Ixxxvi.,
tab. 51741 we have a very good figure of it. Never
since they were introduced has this section of Vandas
lacked admirers, and in many collections they have
been made a speciality — the collections of Dr. Pater-
son, of Bridge of Allan, from whom we received the
specimens we illustrate (fig. 46), and that of William

Lee, Esq., of Downside, Leatherhead, being specially
fine and well grown. In the latter gentleman's col-
lection a very superb lot are now in bloom, among
which may be mentioned V. tricolor Leopold!, a
very rich variety ; V. t. Warneri, V. t. Dodgsoni,
V. t. Patersoni, and V. t. Russelliana, as well as
V. t. suavis (Veitch's) and V. t. suaveolens, a
very sparsely spotted variety of great purity ; but
among the whole of the varieties perhaps those
we illustrate, V. tricolor Patersoni, with bright
yellow ground, brownish-crimson spots and magenta-
crimson labellum, and the pure white, small spotted
V. suavis, Wingate's variety (fig. 47), are the
most distinct.

But after all the good culture of the plants should
be the object aimed at : this secured they will be
sure to be liberal with their flowers. On the point
of culture we have of late years had some conflict-
ing testimony, but on summing it all up we are
sure that the V. tricolors are not hothouse plants
and that they thirve in a temperature of from 55" to
65" Fahr. better than in any other. It is also now
well known that they dislike bright sunlight, and are
equally impatient of a dry, parching atmosphere. One
of the surest signs whether these plants are doing well
or not is the manner in which they carry their leaves
— if they lose the bottom ones and the top ones
become soft and wrinkled they are too hot and too

Odontoglossum Pescatorei Veitchianum.—
A coloured figure of this extraordinary variety, now
in the possession of Baron Schroder, is given in the
Garden^ August g, 1 884. The numerous large violet
blotches on the snow-white sepals and petals give this
variety a very striking appearance.

Odontoglossum Edwardi, Rcud. f. — This was
originally described in our columns in 187S, vol. x.,
p. 74, and has been lately figured in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 6771. The pseudobulbs are elongate
ovate, giving oft" a pair of strap-shaped leaves and a
stalked paniculate inflorescence, with numerous purple
flowers, each about i inch across. The species is a
native of Ecuador.

Cattleya Trian.e splendidissima. — The sepals
and petals of this fine variety are pure white, and the lip
rich magenta with an orange throat. It flowers in
spring. Mr. Williams in the Orchid Album, t. 150,
recommends the plant to be grown in good fibrous
peat with good drainage,

Epidendrum atropurpureum.— This is one of
the finest of the Epidendrums, and is well figured in
a recent number of the Orchid Album, t. 149. Its
pseudobulbs are ovate, wrinkled, with two narrow
lanceolate acute leathery evergreen leaves, and a

Fig. 46. — vanda tricolor patersoni.

dry. When these Vandas get " leggy " they are very
difficult to bring round again, and the common
method of making them more presentable, by cutting
them down, is the very worst. It is much better to
find healthier and shadier quarters for the plants,
where they will regain their vigour, and when this
takes place the bottoms will soon get furnished with
young growths. Vanda tricolor and its varieties may
be said to be cool intermediate house plantF, requiring
shade and a reasonable allowance of rain-water, and
when so treated they are safe ; but many instances
have been known of them passing through the winter
in the most vigorous health in a temperature of 45°,
indeed Dr. Paterson's plants are stated to be fre-
quently as low as that. Mr. C. Wissenbach, of the
Royal Gardens, Wilhelmshohe, tells of a plant of V,
tricolor which refused either to grow or to die in the
Fast India-house temperature, 70° to So°, but which
immediately went into vigorous growth in a minimum
temperature of So'*. Mr. David Kemp, of Dunlop,
Ayrshire, often gets spikes of eighteen flowers on
plants which have been wintered as low as 45" Fahr.
But while extremes of either heat or cold should be
avoided, the grower had better err in placing his
plants in a cold than in a hot house, for they
greatly resent heat, and that more particularly in the
winter, when they should be kept cool and moderately
dry. The small brown scale attacks Vandas when
they are badly cultivated, and their appearance should
be a warning that cooler, more airy and shady quarters
are required, y. O. B.

terminal spiked raceme, produced in winter, and
bearing many flowers, each oblong in outline, flattish,
3 inches long by 2 inches in breadth. Sepals and
petals obovate, oblong, greenish externally, chestnut-
brown within ; lip lobed ; lateral lobes small, erect,
pointed ; terminal lobe obcordate, white with a
crimson blotch. Epidendrums, as a rule, do not like
much shade, and grow well on blocks suspended near
the glass. It is a native of Central America.

Dendrohium crassinode. — This is a Burmese
species, with deciduous leaves falling from the swollen
joints of the stem. The flowers are produced in
March and April, and are transversely oblong,
flattish, with lanceolate segments, white, tipped with
magenta, and with a circular Hp, with a large basal
yellow blotch and a lilac lip. Mr. Williams recom-
mends that it be grown in the East Indian-house, and
in the light as much as possible, but slightly shaded
from the burning sun, in sphagnum and fibrous peat,
with good drainage. After the plants have completed
their growth they may be placed in a cooler house.
Orchid Album, t. 1 52.

Vanda Sanderiana. — "Flowers from 4- 4 J in.
across. The sepals pale straw-coloured, richly and
beautifully netted with reddish-crimson, edged with
white. Petals soft blush, freely spotted in the lower
half with purplish-crimson, the lip claret-coloured,
and the flower stout and compact in shape, like the
finest forms of Odontoglossum vexillarium. The

August 23, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

237

spikes numbered thirteen, and were from 9 to 12 inches
high, bearing about eighty flowers. The number of
leads was eight. The whole plant is dwarf and com-
pact, and will probably be fine for a fortnight or
three weeks." [The above is a description of this
superb Orchid, forwarded to us by Messrs. Back-
house & Sons, Vork. A large page illustration will
be found at p. 441 of our volume for 1SS3 Ed.]

Odontoglossum cirrosum.— a coloured figure
of this is given in the Orchid Alburn^ t. 151. In its
culture Mr. Williams emphasises the necessity for
keeping the plant moist at the roots all the year round.
The plants make their growth after flowering, and as
there will always be some growing, they will bloom
at different times of the year.

COLONIAL NOTES.

South Australia. — The report of the Director of
the Botanic Garden, Adelaide, for the year 1SS3 is
very satisfactory, showing steady progress in the state
of the garden and in the advancement of economic
botany and horticulture. The difficulties of cultiva-
tion are increased by the heat and drought of the
climate. The year 1883 was remarkable for a rainfall

* * Ifc" »& • I ♦ - •"•7

quantity with what would be given by a series of
yearly tappings, and the tree in both cases dying, it is
more to the interest of all to cut the tree down at
once. This course, however, is forbidden by a
Government decree. It is possible the law may be
rescinded, and the practice allowed, on condition of
two new rubber trees being planted for every one cut
down. Guatemala is described as being rich in
textile plants. Cotton, Ramie or China grass,
Hemp, and numerous others. The native In-
dians are fairly skilled workers in cloth and wool-
lea goods, somewhat oriental in character, and
yet with both the material, the skill, and the labour
on the ground, empty coffee sacks to the value of
40,000 dols. are annually sent to the Republic alone,
mostly from Dundee. Ramie especially grows well,
with an exceedingly long silky fibre, quite 24 inches
in length, and in certain districts will produce four
crops a year. It is not, however, cultivated or
gathered, and remains only a unit in the long list of
Guatemalan agricultural products, which are waiting
for the master hand to turn their riches to account.

YAMS.

Under the title of " Le Potager d'un Curleux," a
series of interesting papers have been contributed by
M. A. Prillieux and M. D, Bois to the monthly

■-ill; hi--

. Fig. 47.— vanda suavis, wingate's var. (see p. 236.;

of 25 inches — 10 inches more than in the preceding
year. The temperature of the hottest day was iii"
in the shade 1 and 162° in the sun. Orchid cultiva-
tion must be carried on under difficulties,

Indiarubber and other Products in Guate-
mala. — The preservation and extension of the
cultivation of economic plants is a subject of so
much importance at the present time, when so much
is being done to promote new industries, to bring to
light new sources of produce, and to develope those
already known, that it is satisfactory to learn, from
Mr, Consul Bennett's report on the trade and com-
merce of Guatemala during 1SS3, that the vexed
question of tapping the trees, or cutting them down,
was under discussion. What happened with the
Gutta-percha trees (Dichopsis gutta) in Singapore and
Penang forty years ago, by which the plants became
well-nigh exterminated in those islands, has since
been enacted in other countries with other useful
plants. The Guatemala Rubber tree (Castilloa
elastica) is a valuable source of this important sub-
stance, and should be carefully preserved. Consul
Bennett says those in favour of cutting down allege
that the quantity of rubber extracted by so doing is
only equal to what would be collected in five or six
tappings, after which the tree would die, and conse-
quently that the yield, being immediate and of equal

Bulktin of the Acclimatuation Society of France, In
the contribution to the journal for April last the
Yams — species of Dioscorea — come under considera-
tion, and are treated of very fully, first with regard to
their geographical distribution, next with regard to
the character of the plants and the nature and size of
their roots. The following are stated to be the prin-
cipal species cultivated : —

Dioscorea globosa, Roxb. — An excellent species, highly
valued by Europeans in British India. It has large
white roots, is extensively cultivated, as well as the varie-
ties D. rubella, Roxb., and D. purpurea, Roxb.

D. triloba. Law, is an American species, of excellent
quality, the roots of which are tender and very farina-
ceous.

D. alata. — A good species, with qualities similar to
the preceding. It is an object of considerable cultivation
in Oceania, where, with the Taro {Caladium esculen-
tum), it is the principal alimentary plant. It is culti-
vated in Java and Maiuitius, and numerous varieties are
known.

D. Beritioana, D. cayennensis. — West African species,
introduced and cultivated in America ; very productive
and robust in habit.

D. atrcpurpurea, Roxb. — An Asiatic species, much
cultivated in Malacca, Pegu, and the Eastern Isles. It
forms a very large root, of a violet colour, near the bark ;
in this respect it resembles D. alau, which has a violet-
coloured variety. It is a very productive species.

D. ebumea, Lour.— Wild and cultivated in Cochin
China. It has large, long, incurved roots, somewhat in
the form of an elephant's tusk.

D. aculeata, L. — Wild and cultivated in India, the
Malay Archipelago, and Oceania.

D. peniaphylla. — The roots arc very tender and fari-
naceous.

D. sativa. — This is mentioned both as a native and
cultivated plant in India, the Moluccas, and Mauritius.
It forms large tuberous roots, and is the most commonly
cultivated species of Yam.

D. Schiinperiana. — Reported by Schimper to be indi-
genous to Abyssinia, where the root is edible and
resembles that of D. sativa.

D. bulbifera, described as a native of both the Old
and New Worlds. The American plant (Guiana and
Antilles) has been described under the name of D. lutea,
Mey. It is a strong growing plant, producing bulbils in
the axils of the leaves. On this point Mr. Bentham
says {Flora Attsiraliensis, p, 462): — "I have already
[Fl. Honi^k., 368) expressed my belief that modern
authors have transposed the Linnean names of the two
species, D. sativa and D. bulbifera, both of which are
apt to bear bulbs in the axils of the leaves."

D.japonica, Thb., and D. Batatas, species found in
temperate and cool chmates, and cultivated also in
warm counties as in Central China and Java. They
produce numerous axillary bulbils and long fusiform
roots.

D. triphylla, L. e=Z>. dcemonum, Roxb., D. dumttorum.
— Indigenous to Asia in the Malay archipelago and in
Eastern Africa. It is a large rooted strong growing
plant. Roxburgh describes the root of this plant as
being "dreadfully nauseous, even after it has been
boiled."

D. oppositijolia = D. w?iOTm«/t7r»Vz.— Found abundantly
over Central Asia. Roxburgh describes it as a native of
the forests about Calcutta, flowering at the close
of the rains. The root is described as tuberous,
but small and hidden by numerous strong fibres and
apparently unfit for food.

The paper concludes with a list and description
of East Indian species of Yams.

Iloilisfs' flaiu4ra.

Auriculas. — These should now be in active
growth. I finished potting over a month since, and
the new roots have now good hold of the fresh com-
post, but with the prospect of grand weather before
us there is still time for repotting. In my opinion
good soil is essential, i,e.^ a rich sweet compost, and
if this is given there is no reason for such a sumptuous
top-dressing in spring, which I regard as some*
thing akin to "cramming" poultry. An undue
amount of stimulation is given to the plants, the
effect of which is easily seen, but not so readily
counteracted. Last year I did not top-dress a single
specimen of over 1500 blooming plants, all of which
produced good trusses and the quality of many of the
flowers did not offend the eye cA connoisseurs xtv these
matters. The same plants bred well and now look in
a very vigorous condition ; several small trusses of
bloom are being sent up, all of which, with one
exception, are lateral — good buds showing themselves,
for the development of which there is ample time. I
would rather see such trusses produced now than later
on, as there is not so much chance for the plants to
prepare for vigorous blooming next spring. All the
flowers are pinched out of such as soon as they can
be seen. Strict attention must be paid to watering,
ventilation, and cleaning ; in the former item a good
maxim for a month or six weeks to come is *' never
allow them to get dry." Plenty of air is absolutely
necessary ; when there is good evidence of fine nights
I have the lights removed entirely, and during shady
weather this is also practised : the plants seem to
enjoy the cool evening and early morning dews
immensely. Green-fly and decaying leaves should be
promptly removed, the former with a camel-hair
pencil ; they are a great pest as also is the root aphis.
From this time forward will be a good time to watch
and destroy the latter, for if any were left
after the washing they received during repotting
they will most likely betake themselves to the
young roots upon the outside of the ball. It is best to
turn the plants out of the pots and examine the
latter, especially any that are suspicious, and where
the pest is detected apply a strong solution of soft
soap and Fir tree oil with a small brush ; great good

238

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1SS4.

will result by destroying the autumnal and winter
brood, as they then assume the sexual character, and
usually hybernate during the winter.

Carnations and Picotees.— It is now quite
time all these were layered ; most growers, especially
in the South, will most likely have all but finished ;
in private gardens their propagation is greatly
neglected, although layering is so simple and easy a
method of increasing them, and sure withal ; yet
simple as the operation is I come across numbers of
gardeners who really do not perform the operation
well. Will you believe me, Mr. Editor, when I say
a young gardener was presumably layering Carnations
by simply pegging them down to the soil with-
out making the necessary incision in the shoot I Such
I actually saw less than a month since. To do the
work successfully the chief point, when the incision is
made, is to keep the incision open, both of the cut
surfaces being in contact with the soil. It is best to layer
in rich gritty soil, and give occasional waterings after-
wards, especially if the weather is dry. The best
results in border Carnation culture are obtained when,
instead of lifting the layers every year, they are
allowed to remain where they stand, and the following
blooming season a grand display may be expected, a
greater number of, if not finer, blooms, will be
enjoyed. Pinks may also be layered now, where
pipings were not put in in June. Last season I pro-
pagated a large number of Pinks in this way, and
really good plants were produced, which bloomed
right well, and were much stronger than those ob-
tained from pipings. If pipings were rooted in June,
the sooner they are planted out the better ; accommo-
date them with a well-drained position, and plenty of
rotten manure well incorporated with the soil.

Pentstemons.— These have been, and still are,
unusually fine this season, especially the old stools of
last year, which through the mildness of last winter
remained unhurt, and came up vigorously this season,
and have produced grand masses of flower ; if the
seed is not required the old spikes should be cut away
as soon as they are past their best ; numerous laterals
will soon make their appearance, and a second display
will soon be enjoyed. Cuttings of the varieties
desirable to perpetuate by that means should also be
taken now, and dibbled in 6-inch pots of rich gritty
soil, placed in a cold frame. Select the strong young
shoots from the base of the plants, and insert them
pretty thickly in the pots, where they may be kept
until February, when they should be potted off singly
and encouraged ; such will make strong early plants
for next season, much preferable to those struck in
spring. They may be wintered in a cold Irame or
very cool house, thus keeping them sturdy. In raising
them from seed the latter should be sown in February
in a little heat, and the young plants encouraged to
the fullest extent.

PVKETHKUMS. — These are now very popular
flowers — both the single and double varieties ; the
former are especially in demand, proving most reli-
able as decorative border plants, so useful for cutting,
and showy cu masse upon the plants. No time is
better than the present to make fresh plantations ;
gardeners frequently complain o( the results of many
perennials the first season, that result generally
depending upon the time of planting and the subse-
quent treatment received. With these plants the
former is of paramount importance. Presuming well
established plants are purchased from a dealer now in
4-inch pots and placed in well dug, liberally manured
ground, they will, before the winter sets in, have
thrown into good strong specimens ; whereas if such
plants were not put into the ground till October or
next spring, which is only too frequently the treat-
ment ihey receive, they would be all the while abso-
lutely starving in the small pots, and, consequently,
poor results must be expected. If you want good
Pyrethrums next season, plant strong young plants in
rich soil at once, and pinch off any flower-heads
which show themselves— the issue of such effort is
certain. If stools have been standing more than two
seasons in the same position they should now be split
up, raise them, and carefully divide into as many
pieces as required and replant, remembering when
manuring that they are gross feeders and enjoy a large
amount of rich food. The dilTetence between Pyrc-
ihtums grown under starved and sumptuous conditions
is remarkable. Gardeners express astonishment at
the magnificent blooms of these shown by Messrs.
Kelway, of Langport, but they must know they are
the result of the most liberal Ireatn en: T.

PSEUDO-LARIX K/EMPFERI.

At pp. 5S1 and 584 of our last volume we had the
satisfaction, thanks to the courtesy of Messrs. Rovelli,
of Pallanza, of describing and figuring the male
flowers of this exceedingly interesting species, which
up to that time were unknown to botanists. The
specimen then figured enabled us to clear up the
history of the golden Larch, so that we need now
only refer to the account given at p. 5S4, as contain-
ing a summary of what is known concerning the tree.
We allude to it again, as Messrs. Rovelli have, since
our former account, kindly furnished us with a branch
bearing nearly ripe cones, of which we now give an
illustration (fig. 4S, p. 241). It is hardly possible to
overstate the beauty of these cones, which were of a
light apple-green colour, thinly beset with a glaucous
or blueish bloom. It will be seen from our sketch
that the cones are erect, not pendulous, as they were
at first supposed to be.

In this country up to this time neither male Sowers
nor cones have, to our knowledge, been produced ;
but possibly, after so hot a summer, we may hear of
their production next summer. At present we have
to be contented with the rich golden colour which the
leaves assume prior to their fall. The tree is interest-
ing also as being probably one of those which has
escaped destruction around the temples or monasteriesof
China from the sacred associations connected with these
spots, but Fortune also mentions having met with a
group of them on a sloping bill-side in the province
of Chekiang, where they were apparently planted. It
will be remembered from a letter recently printed in
our columns that although Dr. fiance looks on this
and certain other interesting trees as survivals of the
original indigenous flora of China, yet that he by no
means denies the possibility of these trees having been
introduced by the Buddhists in their migrations ;
indeed, he gives illustrations in support of this view.
Let us hope that as our knowledge of the remote
provinces of China and Thibet increases we may gain
further knowledge upon these points. Fortune men-
tions that the largest tree he met with was no less
than 130 feet in height. M. T. M.

Eryngium Olivierianum. — Two large plants of
this in a sunny border of light soil, have caused a
general sensation amongst visitors to my garden during
July. They have grown where they stand for more
than two years, having been sent from some nursery —
I wish I knew which, that I might get more — as E.
amethystinum. They are about 3 feet high, and
4 feet across, with branching umbels of heads as large
—some of them- as those of the wild Teasel, and with
bracts 4 inches across. The stalks are deep shining
porcelain-blue. When at Kew last week I could not
find my plant amongst the Eryngiums in the bed, but
observed a small and far less showy plant labelled E.
amethystinum. This caused me to send a specimen of
my plant to Mr. Baker, who kindly sent me the fol-
lowing reply: — " Vour Eryngium agrees perfectly
with Delaroche's beautiful figure (tab. 12 of his quarto
Monograph) of E. Olivierianum, a very rare one. E.
amethystinum is totally different, with heads not
larger than marbles." I am sorry to say that the
plant seems rather difticult to increase. The seed
seems all bad, and I cut up a plant last autumn and
lost all the divisions : it does not seem to spread its
root-stock. C. Wolky Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas,
Atiz. 13.

Sunflowers. — Border flowers of most kinds seem
distressed by the great heat, but the Helianthus are
evidently enjoying it, as their big blossoms turn round
and stare at the sun, with which they show satisfac-
tion in their smiling round faces. It appeared the
correct thing a short time back to be in raptures with
H. annuus, and one was almost prepared to see it
displayed in ladies' dresses or hair, or worn in the
cjat buttonhole of professed testhetes, but happily
the craze for such outrageous displays is dying out as
quitkly as it came in, and a more settled and refined
taste is taking its place. For all that, there are

places where the common Sunflower and other large
varieties of it may be planted and grown with good
effect, which is in the foreground of tall shrubs at the
back of wide borders, where, with Hollyhocks, tall
single Dahlias, Everlasting Peas, and such-like, they
look quite of home, and do much to light up a garden,
as they are conspicuous and telling when seen from a
distance. My favourite among the Helianthuses is the
perennial II. multiflorus, which grows from 3 feet to
5 feet high, and from now till far on into the autumn
becomes smothered with blossoms, as the multitu-
dinous stems branch out and flower with the greatest
of freedom. The blooms of this kind are about
3 inches across, and the petals are of a beautiful
bright yellow, quite equal in clearness to those of
a Dahlia. There is also a double variety, II. m.
flore-pleno, which is grown in quantity about the
London parks, and in gardens near towns, where it
always does well. These, like all the perennial kinds,
may be easily propagated by division, as after being
cut down in the autumn they form numerous crown
buds and may be chopped or split through and
divided as much as desired. To grow them well, the
soil must be deeply dug, to allow them to send their
roots down ; and as they are plants of great strength
and gross feeding habit, it is necessary likewise to
give them a good dressing of rotten manure. J. S.

Eschscholtzia crocea. — The rich deep orange
variety of this showy annual, sometimes called auran-
tiaca, is one of the finest yellow-flowered annuals for
the decoration of the garden. Unfortunately seeds
of this are too often sown much too thickly, the
result being starved plants and poor flowers ; whereas
isolated plants in good soil and of a generous growth
produce large, well-formed, richly coloured flowers,
and when sown in autumn on dry spots to stand the
winter the Eschscholtzias are even more showy in
spring than in summer.

FRUIT CROPS IN ILLINOIS.

The space devoted to Apple orchards is less than
that of last season, and the reduction is so large as to
be worthy of special attention. The area of orchards is
from 5 to 30 per cent, less than that of the previous year
in over half the counties in the State. The area of
I'each orchards is the same as last season in thirty-two
counties, 5 per cent, more in two counties, and 10 per
cent, more in two counties. The area of Peach
orchards is not reported in twenty-hve counlies, and
in the remaining forty-one counlies the area is less
than last season. There is a considerable retluclion
in the area of Pear orchards when compared with that
of the previous year. In forty-six counties the area of
Pear orchards is as large as that of last season, and in
two counties the area is leaS than that of iSSj. In
forty-two counties the area is less than last season, and
the area of Pear orchards is not reported in twelve
counties. Thecropoftheseveralvarieliesof small fruits
that have ripened this season compares favourably with
that of former years. There was an average or belter
crop of Cherries in thirty-six counlies, from 75 to
95 per cent, of an average crop in twenty-two counties,
and less than three-fourths of an average yield per
acre in the remaining counlies. There was an average
crop of Strawberries in twenty-five counlies, 5 per
cent, more than an average crop in sixteen counties,
10 per cent, more than an average crop in seven
counties, and 20 per cent, more than an average ciop
in one county. In fourteen counties there was 5 per
cent, less than an average crop, in fourteen counties
10 per cent. less, in five counties 15 jier cent, less, in
three counties 20 per cent, less, and in five counlit-s
25 per cent. less. In Ihe remaining nine counties
there was less than three-fourths of an average yiild
per acre. In nearly two-thirds of the counlies in the
Slate there was an average or better crop of Rasp-
berries, 5 per cent, less than an average in eight
counties, 10 per cent, less in fourteen counties, 15 per
cent, less in five counlies, 20 per cent, less in Ihiee
counties, 25 per cent, less in four counties, and less
than three-fourths of an average crop in three counties.
In all except one-third of the counties in the Slate Ihere
was an average or better crop of (loosebcrries. In
Ihirlyseven counties there was an average crop, in
twelve counties 5 per cent, moie than an average
crop, in four counties 4 per cent, more, and in one
county 15 per cent. more. There was an average or
belter crop of Currants in over half Ihe counlies in
the State, and nearly an average crop in one-fourth
of the counties in the State.

AURUST 23, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

239

The propagation of the summer bedding plants
should now be proceeded with as rapidly as possible,
so as to secure well-rooted cuttings before the
approach of auiumn frosts. In propagating I'elar-
goniums and similar easy rooting plants it is not
necessary, nor desirable, at this season to give ihera
the usual protection of the propagating pit, as they
will succeed far belter if placed in the most sunny
position in the open garden, in which position they
will, if only moderately watered, strike with the
greatest freedom and ceitainty. With some it is a
customary practice to dibble them into an outdoor
border, and this is doubtless, in favourable seasons,
a quick and economical method, as it obviates the
necessity of using pols in the first operation; but 1
think, although it may prove in such seasons advan-
tageous, yet in the long run an equally economical
and a far better result will be obtained by placing the
c It tings into moderate sized pots in the first
iistance.

By this method they not only strike toot much
quicker and with greater certainty than when planted
in an open border, chiefly because of the action of the
sun on the sides of the pots, subjecting them to a
higher temperature, but in wet weather they are not
nearly so liable to damp oB' because they are in a
drier and healthier condition ; they can also be pro-
tected by lights with greater facility should wet
weather prevail. One important point should, how-
ever, on no account be overlooked, the pots should
be so arranged as to effectually prevent worms from
entering them, otherwise the drainage quickly becomes
clogged, and the advantage of using pots is lost. The
best method is to elevate the pots slightly above the
ground on a platform of boards, or else on a bed of
fresh sifted coal-ashes. The pots should not be
placed too close together, otherwise the sun and air
cannot have free access to them. Although the use
of pots is saved in the first instance when planted in
the open border, still the plants must eventually be
potted when struck, after which they must occupy
considerably more space through the autumn and
winter, because, while they are potted separately, or
at most in pairs, those potted in the first instance
can remain without injury in their cutting pots till
the spring, when more space under glass is generally
available.

Some persons use square shallow boxes in pre'er-
ence to pots, but although they are perhaps tqaally
convenient, and occupy as little space, they are not
so conducive as pots are to the health of the plants,
nor can they be so easily stored on the smaller stages
and shelves. For all those plants which do not
strike root so freely, and which require the aid of a
slight bottom-heat, there is no structure so useful,
economical, and successful as the old well constructed
dung-bed and frame, as it not only affords a slight
and genial bottom-heal, but the atmosphere in such
a frame under good management is, at least at this
season of the year, more conducive to root as well as
top-growth than is the best constructed propagating
pit heated by pipes. The fermenting material shotli,
however, be thoroughly well prepared, by frequent
turning for three or four weeks beforehand, so as to
cause the rank steam to evaporate, and in forming
the bed greit care should be taken to make it as firm
as possible, so as not only to prevent its sinking
rapidly, but aho to prevent strong heat arising by
quick fermentation. When made the frame may be
put on, also a sufficiency of sawdust may be put
inside for the purpose of plunging the pots in. Two
such beds will alTjrd ample provision for propagating
for the largest establishment, as the plants strike so
rapidly that successional batches may very quickly
follow each other by the timely removal of such as
are struck to other quarters. Every effort should now
be made to keep the garden gay and effective. This
can best be accomplished by attending strictly to the
various operations already recommended at regu'ar
and frequent intervals, and as the weather of late
has been especially conducive to the shrivtUing and
ripening processes the greatest care should be taken
to immediately remove everything that has a seedy
or overblown appearance, and in order to strengthen
the plants and to enable them to sustain the heavy

demand made upon them during the present hot
weather, occasional deluges of liquid manure should
be administered. In taking olt cuttings for propaga-
tion let this be done either from the reserve garden,
or else take off only such shoots as can be spared
without destroying the elTect of the beds.

Frequently and regularly mow grass, also roll walks
and shear edges of verges, as at this period especially
much of the beauty and pleasure to be derived from a
garden depends on the neatness and order in which it
is kept. 1\ S, C.

lEhe iDrcharb House.

Wk have finished gathering the fruit in both the
early and late houses, and as soon as time can be
spared the trees requiring it will be repotted. This
operation may be described in a few words. Suppose
the trees are in large pots, and it is undesirable to
repot them in larger ones, the only way to place
some fresh potting soil in contact with the roots is to
turn the trees out of the pots. Take a chopper and
cut 3 inches from the base of the ball of roots, and
li inch all round. This will admit of a layer of fresh
soil at the bottom of the pot, and an ample space to
pack some firmly round the sides. The trees will not
suffer in the least by this radical treatment if the
house is kept close for three or four days, and the
leaves are syringed two or three times in a day. In
a week the points of the young roots will begin to
push into the fresh soil. I have in previous numbers
recommended the Nectarines raised at .Sawbridge-
worth as much superior to any of the old sorts. Lord
Napier, Stanwick EIruge, Pine-apple, and Victoria
stand in the front rank. Goldoni, a distinct and
good flavoured yellow-fleshed Nectarine, exhibited by
Messrs. Rivers this season, promises to be a good
addition. A selection of Peaches comprise Alex-
ander, Hale's Early, Early York, Karly Grosse
Mignonne, Grosse Mignonne, Bellegarde ; and to
succeed this, Goshawk and Sea Eagle— the last-
named being the best late Peach, ripening at the
time of Barrington, which it far surpasses.

The trees that have not been, and do not requite
repotting, should be surface-dressed in October, or,
rather, top-dressed, as distinguished from the usual
light surface-dressing in summer. Before top-dress-
ing in October a large portion of the worn-out sur-
face-soil, with the small fibrous roots, must be
removed with a pointed piece of iron, and a mixture
of equal parts loam and decayed stable- manure should
be rammed litmly in, in its place, y. Douglas, Gical
Gearics,

The almost tropical heat of the past few days
causes fruit to ripen earlier than usual, so that early
kinds like Williams' Bon Chretien Pears, &c., will
require gathering. The sort named is a well known
kind, that is very useful, and is highly esteemed by
many. In gathering this and other early varieties, it
is well to go over the tree and take the finest fruit to
the amount of one half the crop, and in a week's lime
the remainder. This insures for these a longer
season, and those fruits that are left swell up con-
siderably, but it should be borne in mind that the fruit
must not hang on the tree till dead ripe, as the flavour
will not then be so good, and the fruit becomes mealy.
Plums will also be sooner ripe than usual, ihe
Washington and Victoria on walls will be ready for
gathering ; the latter is considered a kitchen fruil, but
oftentimes when thoroughly ripened it is quite
admissible into the dessert, and is moreover almost a
certain bearer. Morello Cherries are now in perfec-
tion, so that while the dry weather lasts no time should
be lost in getting a quantity bottled tor winter use.
Go over the orchard at least twice a week, and pick
up fallen fruit, which can always be put to a good
use, and may be very acceptable now that bush fruiis
have come to an end, and Plums being also scarce
this season.

The Hawlhnrnden, Keswick Codlin, and Lord
Suflield Apples are now ready for use, if required,
and will continue good for about six weeks to come.
Those who prefer a sharp flavoured Apple for eaiirg
now and onwards, will find Duchess of Oldcnburgh to
their liking, and it is moreover an almost sure bearer.
In some localities the Apricot is a plentiful crop ; this
is the best month for preserving them. If there is a difli-

culty in having a sufficient quantity ready at one time,
this can be managed by saving the first gathered and
putting them away in a cool place — they will keep a
week, till a sufficient quanliiy is got together for that
purpose.

It is well to go over the Raspberry plantation, and
cut out all last year's wood which has borne the crop
this year, and let it be done caieluliy, and not break
off the leaves of the shoots of the present ycac's
growth, remembering that it is on the proper matur-
ing and preservation of this year's wood that next
year's crop in a great measure depends.

Newly planted Strawberries will require aliund,ant
watering, those layered in pots needing daily attention
in this respect. J. Kiiit, £n'ui;i; Caille,

Onions, — The Onion crop is a beautiful one this
season, the bullis, owing to the long spell of bright
sunshine, arc firm and well ripened, and IhcrL-fore
if taken up at once and exposed to the sun for a
few days, by spreading them out in widths of about 4 or
5 feet with their roots facing southward, and afterwards
be stored away while dry in a loft from which damp and
frost can be excluded, they will keep well. They
should be spread out thinly on the floor of the loft,
or strung together by the withered top;:, and be sus-
pended from the roof. When storing the bulbs put
all the small ones by themselves for pickling or
culinary purposes, for which they are Irctpiently
asked in pre.''erence to larger ones. The ground
cleared of the Onion crop should be got reaily for the
reception of Cabbages next month. For this crop we
generally manure liberally and trench deeply.

Ordinary Work. — As crops of Peas and Beans
become exhausted clear them oflT, and prepare the
ground for other crops, such, for instance, as Lettuce
and Endive, which will come olV in lime this autumn
to allow of the ground being trenched for early crops
of Cauliflowers, Peas, &c., and for this purpose it
will be necessary, now that the exhausted crops are
being removed from the ground, to determine upon
the space or spaces to be reserved, and in
such po;.iiions as are best calculated to bring for-
ward ihe respective kinds of early vegetables. This
will be a good time to cut a few bunche"!
of the respective kinds of herbs when dry, and
hang them up in a dry airy shed or loll for fuUire
use. If Cauliflower and Lettuce seeds have not yet
been sown — as advised to be done in our last Calen-
dar— no time should now be lost in doing so. Another
sowing of Radishes, Mustard and Cress can be made
out-of-doors, after which it will be necessary to have
recourse to a cold pit, where the sashes can be placed
over the seed and seedlings when necessary. If not
already done, lose no lime in gelling the planting of
Broccolis, Savoys, and Winter Greens completed.
Lale plantings, when ihe plants have previously had
plenty of room in the nursery bed to develope them-
selves, and are let down to ihe bottom leaves when
being planted, I find withstand the effects of severe
winters better than those planled much earlier.
Draw some soil to the stems of Broccolis, Cauliflowers,
Savoys, Borecoles, and Leeks as they require it, and
see to the earihing-up of Celery when the plants are
thoroughly dry, and take care that no soil is allowed
to get into the heart of them while the work is being
done. See that gravel walks in this department are
kept free of weeds by hand- weeding them ; this is
best done during showery weather, when the weeds
will come up easier, and the roller, which should
always be brought into use immediately after Ihe
weeds have been pulled up, will make a belter im-
pression on the walks. In order to preserve these in
a clean and good condition there should be a sufficient
number of garden scrapers, which are easily made
and should be got in readiness during bad weather,
distributed over the gardens, especially in the alleys
leading from Iruit walls and borders on to the walks,
as also at short distances from each other at the sides
and ends of the various plols, &c. Successional rows
of Peas, as .'Ko freshly planted Cauliflowers, liroc-
colis, and suchlike, must have copious supplies of
water at Ihe roots during the present intensely hot
weather ; and it is during such weather as this that
the raanift'ld benefits resulting from the laying on of
heavy surface-dressings of rotten dung on either side
ranks of Peas, Beans, &c., are manifest. Make good
plantings of Lettuce and Endive from sowings made
the end of last month, and water the same every afier-
noon during the prevalence of hot weather, and also
after the roots have taken well to the soil, otherwise
the labour of planting will be as good as wasted ; and
Cabbage plants resulting from seed sown the same
time should be pricked out 5 or 6 inches apart in
nursery beds, so as to make a sturdy growth before
being finally transpl.anted in drills 3 inches deep and
2 inches apart the middle of next month. //. W,
IVar.i, Loupjord Caslle GarJcns.

240

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1SS4.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

r Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Monday, Aug 25 ■{ Trade Sate of Bulbs, at Protheroe &

(. Morris' Rooms.

f Royal Horticultural Society: Meeting of
T,,,-.,..,- A A J fruit af"! \'\QTa.\ Committees, at \i A.M. ;

Tuesday, Aug. 36 -j (^^^^^^j Meecinc. 3 p.m.

I Banbury Flower Show.
Wf-DNESDAV, Aug. 27 — Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

r Harpendcn Horticultural Society s Show.

I Sale of Imported Orchids, from Mr. F.
„ . o I Sander, and Greenhouse Plants, &c., at

T«UBSD.,v. Aue 28 \ Steven^' Rooms.

Trade Saleof Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

L Rooms
,, , ( Sale of Imported Flowering Orchids, at

Fridav, Aug. 29 J Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

SaiI-'Rdav, Aug. 30 — Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rootns.

ALREADY, before we have had time to grasp
all the multitudinous details of the Health
Exhibition and extract from it what is of direct
importance from our special point of view, we
have before us the programme for the Exhibi-
tion of the forthcoming year. This is intended
to comprise two divisions— i. Inventions ; and,
2, Musical Instruments.

"The first division will be devoted to apparatus,
appliances, processes, and products, invented or brought
into use since 1862.

"The collection of inventions will, it is hoped, serve
to bring vividly before the public the progress which has
been made, during the last quarter of a century, in apply-
ing the discoveries of science to the purposes of daily
life.

' ' For the practical realisation of this idea it will be
desirable not only to exhibit the apparatus by which a
process is carried out (or a model or diagram of it), side
by side with the resultint; product, but also to show the
worlving of, at all events, a limited number of industrial
processes in their consecutive stages.

" Having in view the wide range of this International
Exhibition, and the limited nature of the total available
area, it will be necessary to restrict as much as possible
the amount of space which can be allotted even to the
most important classes ; and only under exceptional
circumstances can applications be entertained for space
for objects which have been shown in the Smolce Abate-
ment Exhibition, 1881 ; the Fisheries Exhibition, 1883 ;
or the Exhibition of Health and Education of the
present year. As regards agriculture also it is considered
that the annual shows of the Royal Agricultural and
liindred societies will render it unnecessary to admit
more than a few typical examples of each class of the
improvements effected during recent years ; and these
should be, as far as possible, represented by models or
diagrams.

" It will, indeed, be preferable that inventions gene-
rally should (as far as practicable) be illustrated by
models, which in the case of an entire machine may be
accompanied by actual examples of the parts improved.

"Where the invention relates to parts only of a
machine, the whole machine will not be admitted unless
the improvement (in respect of which the machine is
offered for exhibition) cannot be sufficiently well shown
without the exhibition of the entire apparatus, or
unless in the opinion of the Executive Council the ex-
hibit is of such special interest as to'render its admission
desirable.

" Exhibitors will be required, by reference to a specifi-
cation and Letters Patent or otherwise, to show that their
proposed exhibits come within the terms set forth in the
conditions of Division I.

"As the Exhibition will be limited to the illustration
of industrial processes, examples of either the raw mate-
rial employed, or the finished product, will only be
admitted when they are required for the full demonstra-
tion of a particular process. It is not proposed to allot
space for the exhibition of manufactured goods alone,
unaccompanied by any illustrations of the process of
manufacture.

"Intending exhibitors should fill in the application
form, which must be sent to the Secretary not later than
September 15. Applications from foreign countries and
the colonies will be received up to November i."

The first division, including apparatus, ap-
pliances, processes, and products, invented or
brought into use since 1S62, comprises the fol-
lowing groups, in which our readers may be
expected to be specially interested : —

" Group I.— Agriculture, Horticulture, and
Arboriculture.

" Class I. Field ImpUmenb.—V\o\\^%, drain-ploughs,
cultivators, steam-diggers, harrows, drills, haymakers,
horse-hoes, rakes, reapers, mowers, binders, anchors and
rope porters, waggons, waggon-harness.

" Class 3. Barn and Farmyard Implements. —
Tlirashing machines, screens, winnowers, corn. cleaning
machines, hay and straw elevators, hay and stiaw and

fresh fodder compressors, turnip-cutters, chaff-cutters,
grist-mills, horse-gear, crop dryers.

" Class 3. Dairy and Poultry Farm Appliances. —
Milking appUances, cream separators, churns, cheese-
making apparatus, apparatus for manufacturing but-
terine, incubators.

" Class 4. Agricultural Construction. — Models, plans
and designs for farm buildings, oast-houses, silos, rick-
stands, &c.

" Class 5. Cattle .foot/.— Materials, processes, appara-
tus ; seed mills, cake crushers ; boilers, steamers and
cooking apparatus ; feeding appliances.

"Class 6. Horticultural Apparatus.— Holhouses,
frames, greenhouses, orchard-houses, graperies, boiler
and heating apparatus, lawn mowers, watering apparatus,
tools and implements, pots and plant boxes, garden wire-
work, chairs, &c. , plant labels.

" Class 7. Arl>oriculture. —App^TSiins, &c., used in
forestry ; methods and materials for the preservation
from decay of trees and timber.

"Group XVII.— Food, Cookery, and Stimulants.

" Class 91. Machinery for Treating Grain and Flour.
— Machines for preparing and grinding corn and dress-
ing flour, and other mill machinery ; millstone dressers,
roll turners, and similar machines ; machines for milling
and polishing Rice ; grain elevators ; apparatus for
drying grain ; granary fittings.

" Classcyz. Manufacturing Articles 0/ Food.— AppzT:a.-
tus for manufacturing and refining sugar ; confectioners'
machinery ; machines and appliances for preparing mus-
tard, spice, pepper, &.C. ; manufacture of salt.

" Class 93, Preserving Food. — Methods, materials and
processes for preserving animal and vegetable food ;
machines for producing cold.

"Class 94. Bread and Biscuit Making. — Kneading
machines, biscuit and bread making machines, ovens ;
processes for making bread.

" Class 95. Cooking Apparatus. — Culinary utensils,
chopping and mincing machines ; apparatus for paring
and slicing fruit and vegetables, cleaning fruit, washing
and cleaning vegetables.

"Classed. Brewing, Distilling, and Wine-making. —
Machines and appliances connected with the manufacture
and use of alcoholic drinks.

"Class ^-j. Manufacture of Aerated Waters. — Machin-
ery, materials, &c., used for the purpose ; stoppers and
other appliances.

"Class 98. Infusions. — Apparatus, &c. , used in the
preparation and use of tea, coffee, chocolate, &c.

" Class 99. Tobacco. — Machinery, appliances, and
processes for treating and using Tobacco."

Detailed information as to the thirty-four
groups and 180 classes into which the entire
exhibition is divided, embracing almost all
departments of engineering, manufactures of all
kinds, from railway carriages to field sports,
mining apparatus to bookbinding, are given in
the prospectus, which maybe had of the Secre-
tary, E. CUNLIFFE Owen, Esq., Exhibition
Road, South Kensington ; or of J. Somers
Vine, Esq., 27, Great Winchester Street, E.G.

It may seem inappropriate to be talking 01
frost when the thermometer in the shade
has been so recently in the 90's, nevertheless it
is precisely at this period when many of the
effects of the previous frosts become most
apparent, and some injuries indeed do not
reveal themselves till now. In this country the
last winter was particularly mild, but our fruit
crop reports recently published sufficiently indi-
cate the havoc that April frosts occasioned.
Again, although we did not in this country
suffer so severely as our neighbours in the
winters of 1879-So and 1881-82, yet the havoc
was very considerable, and we still await with
interest the publication of the information
obtained by circular from gardeners all over
the country under the auspices of the Scientific
Committee. It may, perhaps, serve to quicken
the sense of the Royal Horticultural Society
in the matter if we call attention to a
series of similar inquiries instituted by
Professor SoRAUER, of Proskau, and of which
we append a translation, in the hope that some
information on the subject may be forthcoming.
The Prussian Government has taken the matter
in hand, and contributed not only its moral but
its material support to Professor Sorauer, and
the Russian Ministry of Agriculture is also

moving in the matter. In view of the dis-
heartening delay experienced in the publication
of the report of the Royal Horticultural Society
before alluded to, we are not very sanguine that
Professor SORAUER will obtain much help from
this country, and certainly in this country we
cannot look for Government help ; nevertheless
we will at least bring the matter under the
notice of our readers. Professor SORAtJER
puts the following questions : —

1. What was the greatest degree of cold registered
during the last winter — of what duration was it, and
when did it occur ?

2. At what date did spring fairly commence ?

3. When spring frosts were registered, in what condi-
tion were Sloes, black Currants, Hazel, Cherries, Pears,
Apples, Beech, and Oak ?

4. What was the height of Rye, Wheal, and other
cereals at the time of the onset of spring frost ?

5. What varieties of fruit trees suffered most, and in
what way ?

6. Which varieties proved hardiest ?

7. What agricultural plants suffered most, and in what
way ? Which'varieties proved hardiest, and how were
they grown ?

8. Was the spring frost general or partial, the sky
cloudy or clear ?

9. What reason do you assign for the appearances
produced by the frost ? Are you of opinion that injury
from spring frost is a consequence of abnormal weather
conditions during the previous year, and in what way
has the vegetation been influenced by those conditions ?

10. To what point of the compass does the land slope
in which the plants have been most injured by frost ?

I r. What is the nature of the fertile upper soil, and
w hat that of the subsoil ?

12. Are there streams or other water in the locality,
and has the water any influence on the injury by frost ?

13. Was hoeing the ground undertaken, and with
what results ?

14. Were preventive or remedial measures of any
use?

15. To what do you ascribe the sickly (diseased)
appearances that became visible later in the year?

16. Which of the more commonly occurring diseased
appearances, exclusive of frost damages, have you ob-
served in cultivated plants ?

The time has probably gone by for satisfactory
answers to be given to any of these questions ;
nevertheless, as we have said, it is still not too
late to reply to some of them, and in any case a
discussion as to the effects of frost, and the
means of preventing ill effects, is not out of
season, even in the hottest month of the year.

The Dahlia Season is fast approaching,

the plants are growing freely, and nothing but a softer
atmosphere and cooler nights are needed to bring out
good blooms. We are asked to remind those who
are interested in the Grand National Show at the
Crystal Palace, which takes place on September
5 and 6,' that the entries should be sent in during the
ensuing week, along with the amount of subscription,
where not already paid. Further subscriptions,
moreover, are needed, and admirers of the Dahlia
should take care to make it their privilege and plea-
sure to aid the culture of the flower in every way.
Both entries and contributions should be sent to the
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. T. MoORE,
Botanic Garden, Chelsea, S.W.

" BOLKTIN Annual."— The second part of

the Bulletin of the Brotero Society, established for the
promotion of Portuguese botany, has recently been
published by Professor Henrique/,, of Coimbra. It
contains lists of the plants distributed among the
members of the Society, contributions to the flora of
Portugal, including an account of the vegetation of
the Berlenga and Farilhoes islands, off the coast of
Estremadura.

Ornamental Plants.— M. de Vos has

reproduced from the Belgii/ue Horlicole his complete
list of ornamental plants described in the various
horticultural publications for the year 1S82. Two
hundred and fifty novelties are mentioned and briefly
described, with references to the original sources. The
Gardeners^ Chronicle, as usual, heads the list with no
fewer than 127 novelties, most of them Orchids,
described by Professor Reichenbach. None of the
other journals, either of this or any other country,
contribute more than seven to the list.

August 23, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

241

Fig. 48.— cones of pseudo-larix K/Empferi : real size, (see p. 238.)

Planting Hardy Lilies.— Numerous as have tion than the old L. candidum, the white Lily to be beds and borders that from time to time takes place

been the fine kinds of Lilies that have been introduced met with in most gardens, yet not by any means always it gets moved at the wrong season. Such work

within the recollection of those who cultivate these in the condition it might or should be, so far as flower- amongst herbaceous plants is usually carried out late

justly favourite plants, it is a question if there are any ing is concerned. One of the chief causes of its some- in the autumn, or early in spring, disturbance at either

more beautiful, or more deserving of general cultiva- times failing to bloom is that in the rearrangement of of which periods is generally fatal to the production

242

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

by this Lily of any flowers the summer following, as
both top and root growth are then in progress.
This, like all other Lilies, should never be
moved except when quite at rest, a condition
which it does not long remain in, as the roots
soon begin to move after the stems have died down
after flowering, which state they have now just
arrived at. Where new plantations have to be made,
or where the clumps have got too large, so that the
soil within reach of their roots is insufficient to keep
them in lull vigour, or where the intruding roots of
trees or shrubs are injuring them so as to necessitate
the bulbs being taken up, the work should be seen to
at once ; by which means they may be expected to
flower next summer in a way that will show little of
the effects of having been disturbed. The same holds
good with other kinds of Lilies grown in the open
ground ; as soon as the tops die down, wherever any
disturbance of the bulbs is necessary, it should be
carried out immediately, as delay often ends in an
absence of flowers the season following.

Freesia "Giardino Corsi-Salviati." —

Dr. Ragioneri, in a recent number of the Bulhiin
of the Royal Tuscan Horticultural Society, describes
a new hybrid Freesia between F. refracta alba and
F. Leichtlini. The inflorescence is horizontally bent,
the flowers large, funnel-shaped, pale primrose-yellow,
with an orange blotch in the throat. Fertilisation
was effected reciprocally between the two species, and
with the same result.

Salvia discolor, Kunth. — Under this

name Sir Joseph Hooker describes the plant
figured and described by Mr. Hemsley in our
columns as S. mexicana var. minor (1SS3, p. 341,
fig. 49)1 and which was originally exhibited by Messrs.
Cannell as S. nigricans. It is a native of the
Peruvian Andes, and is remarkable for the almost
black colour of the flowers.

Rhododendron Curtisii.— The Florist

for the present month gives a coloured figure of this
beautiful Sumatran species, introduced by Curtis to
Messrs. Veitch's establishment. It grows on the
mountains of Sumatra, at a height of 2000 feet, is o(
dwarf habit, and has whorls of narrow lanceolate
leaves, with terminal trusses of 4 — 7 brilliant scarlet-
crimson funnel-shaped flowers each about I inch
long. It will prove a most valuable introduction,
not only as it is, but as the probable progenitor of a
new race of hybrid Rhododendrons. It is figured in
the Botanical Magazine, t. 6769, as R. multicolor. As
the two names are published simultaneously there will
be some doubt as to which should be retained,

" CORRESI'ONDANCE BOTANIQUE." — Prof.

E. MORREN has published the tenth edition of his
JJirectory of botanists, scientific and horticultural
establishments throughout the world. This list,
which is indispensable to all who have relations with
foreign botanic gardens and museums, is published
by the compiler at i. La Boverie, Liege, Belgium.

Equinoctial Gales. —According to Mr. R.

H. Scott, the occurrence as a regular thing of violent
storms about the time of the equinoxes is as much a
myth as the alleged influence of the moon on the
weather. Statistical records show that gales are of
no greater frequency at the equinoxes than at any
other lime, but are all but exclusively confined to the
winter half year.

Pyramidal Celosias.— -The beautiful strain

of the crimson-flowered pyramidal Cclosia which is
now seen in such fine form at .Syon, is one that has
flourished there for some years, and has been kept
perfectly true. As an annual for pot culture it is
unrivalled, lor its leathered points .ire so elegant and
so regular, and so richly coloured. The side shoots
are invalu.ible for cutting, indeed, a few of the rich
crimson plumes s'anding up from out of a base of
white flowers would give a singularly ch.irming effect.
We have seen the Celosia in fine form at Blenheim,
Maiden Eileigh, and other places ; but it is such a
shy seeder that it can never become abundant.

Action on Plants of Rain, Dew, and

Artificial Watering.— From numerous experi-
ments by Professor J. Wiessner (Bid. Cenlr. 1S83,
p. 471) it has been found that the moistened leaves
of plants transpire much more freely than when they
are in a dry condition ; therefore a larger quantity

of water is then withdrawn from the soil by the roots
of the growing plants. Consequently if there is plenty
of moisture in the ground the plants flourish, but if
otherwise they droop and languish. From this fact
the Professor argues that plants should not be watered
on the leaf unless the soil is likewise moist. The
small amount of extra transpiration induced by dew
he thinks can do no harm, as it is almost certain that
the ground will at the same time be sufficiently moist
to supply to the growing plants the requisite amount
of water. The action of rain is proved to be by far
the most beneficial to the plant, as by its aid the
supply of plant food becomes the most rapid.

Clerodendron macrosiphon.— The sub-
ject of this note is altogether different in general
appearance to those older and more popular sorts
usually seen in cultivation. It was first tlowered at
Kew in 1SS2, and does not seem to exceed iS inches
in height. The leaves are obversely lanceolate, and
slightly but coarsely toothed, covering the twiggy
erect shoots, that terminate in clusters of white
flowers. The tube is remarkably long, as the specific
name implies, and slender, bearing a nearly hori-
zontal limb, beyond which the long purple style and
filaments protrude. As the plant gets older it will
doubtless flower freely if a little attention be paid to
its natural habits and requirements. Being a native
of the east coast of Africa, near Zanzibar, it requires
stove temperature. A figure of it appeared lately in
the Botanical Magazine, t. 6695, and a flowering
specimen may be seen in the Begonia stove at Kew.

Beschornera Decosteriana (Baker, in

Bot. Mali; t. 6738, August, 1SS4).— A Mexican
Amaryllid, with leaves in tufts, each about 2 — 2j feet,
glabrous, fleshy, oblanceolate, narrow, acute, dilated at
the base; flowers numerous, in erect panicles;
branches pendulous; perianth 14 inch long, tubular,
campanulate, greenish flushed with red.

Ardisia Oliveri.— Despite the number of

Ardisias known to science, a goodly number of
which have been introduced to British gardens at one
time or other, they at present are poorly represented
in private collections, and what few are cultivated are
grown for their coloured berries. This one is an
exception, and if granted room to develope itself in a
stove or warm conservatory would assuredly reward
the grower. The flowers are comparatively large,
of a rosy-purple and white colour, and produced
at the end of the branches in huge panicles.
The knife should be sparingly used, except to
check any long straggling shoot. A flowering plant
in the Palm-house at Kew is a conspicuous object
amongst other flowering plants. A figure and
description of the species is given in the Canicucys'
Chronicle, vol. viii., n. s., fig. 132, and a
coloured plate appeared later on in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 6357.

Hotel Winter Garden, — A novel and

desirable feature is about to be introduced by the
South-Eastern Railway Company, in connection with
the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone. We understand they
are about to erect a large Winter Garden and Pro-
menade adjoining and having a direct entrance from
the hotel, so that the very numerous visitors who
make use of the establishment may have an agreeable
promenade and loung2 in wet or inclement weather.
In winter the building will be warmed by means of
hot-water pipes to a genial temperature only, the
idea being, not to make a hot-house for tropical
vegetation, but merely a sheltered promenade and
rendezvous for the residents of the hotel. The
building will be about 160 feet long by 50 feet wide,
and will be laid out in an ornamental and artistic
manner, with paths and seats, and with pleasing
plants and vegetation such as require a moderate
temperature only. The idea seems to us to be a
good one, and it cannot fail to prove a great boon and
attraction to the general public, while to invalids or
delicate persons it will be invalu.-vblc. The South-
Eastern Company are to be congratulated upon their
enterprize in taking the initiative, and we heartily wish
them the success they deserve. The designs of
Messrs. J. Weeks & Co., the well known horti-
cultural engineers, of Chelsea, have been selecteil and
they have received orders to carry out the work. If
those gentlemen were also consulted as to some means
of neutralising the effect of the banging of doors in
the long corridors, it would also be beneficial to the

occupants of rooms in that well conducted establish-
ment.

Gleichenias and Todeas. — Those who

had an opportunity of seeing the Manchester Whit-
week shows cannot fail to have noticed the extra-
ordinary specimens of Gleichenias exhibited by Mr.
Paul, gardener to S. Schloss, Esq., Bowdon. They
are grown along with some tree and other species in a
good-sized span-roofed house, each plant standing
well up to the glass ; an intermediate temperature is
kept up, and no more shade used than is requisite to
keep the sun from injuring them. They are potted in
a mixture of peat and loam, and the atmosphere is
drier than most Ferns are generally subjected to. The
following are amongst the most remarkable in the
collection ; — G. speluncre, Si feet through ; G. rupes-
tris, S feet ; G. r. glaucescens, 8.^ feet ; G. Mendeli,
S feet ; G. fiabellata, S feet. They run about 5 feet
in height from the rims of the pots, which are half
covered by their fronds ; they are as dense and green
as a bush of tree Box. At the north side of one of
the houses here, between two young deciduous trees,
the branches of which overhang them, are a couple of
specimens of Todea superba and one of T. pellucida,
thriving beautifully under exceptional conditions. A
square hole was dug in the ground, in size such as to
admit of being covered with two ordinary frame
lights ; in this the plants are stood, with their tops
below the level of the ground. In the winter the
lights are kept close over them, but as soon as there
is no danger from frost they are taken ofl" altogether.
Thus exposed to the air, but well sheltered, so that
little wind can reach them, they groAr splendidly, the
fronds being only very little shorter than if the plants
were confined. Plenty of water is given to the roots,
and the earth around them will naturally keep the ait
a little more moist and cool than in an ordinary pit or
frame.

Early Crops of Peas. — Dr. Sturtevant,

of the New \'ork Experiment Station, has, we learn
from Vick's Monthly, been testing methods to obtain
early crops of Peas. The methods adopted relate
to the treatment and the selection of the seed : —

"On March 21 a few American Wonder Peas were
placed to sprout in a box of moist sand in the green-
house. Germination soon occurred, and it was soon
evident that we had commenced operations too early for
transferring the seed to the soil, hence when the radicle
was about an inch long the box containing the seed was
removed to the cell.ir in order to check further develop-
ment. On .^pril 14 a row was planted in the garden of
these Peas, selecting the most advanced, and at the
same lime a second row was planted with unsprouted
seed for comparison, the seed of each row taken from the
same seed package. The sprouted seed vegetated
April 25, the unsprouted April 23. Tlie first bloom
appeared on the first row on Mriy 26, and on the second
row May 31. On June ro twenty-five pods were of
edible size on the plants from the sprouted Peas, and it
was not until June r3 that an equil number were of
edible size on the plants from the unsprouted seed. This
process of planting hence appears to have given us a
gain of eight days in the maturing of the crop, and when
it is considered how little trouble this sprouting necessi-
tates, it seems proper to recommend this system to the
amateur, and to call the attention of the market grower
to the possibility that the extra labour required may be
offset by the resulting e.irliness. "

In the tests for the earliest variety no conclusion has
been reached after three years' trial with nine kinds
of early Peas. Earliest of All, Kentish Invicia,
Perry's Extra Early, Carter's First Crop, D.aniel
O'Rourke, Early Alpha, American Wonder, Blue
Peter, Carter's Premium Gem, are so nearly alike in
time of production that it is impossible to decide one
or more of them to be superior to the others in this
respect. Earliness is affected by the date of planting,
or, in other words, the teinperature or cliinate. A
variety that in 1SS2 '* was fit for the table in fifty-four
days from the early planting, in 1SS3 required sixty-
one days for the early planted and forty-nine days lor
the later planted." The same variety, this year,
required fifty-four days for the early planted,

• — - Tachiadenus carinatus. — In this we have
the type of a small group of the Gentian family
peculiar to the tropical parts of the Old World.
Beautiful as are the European species of Gentian-
worts, they are even surpassed in fineness by their
tropical relations, as may be evidenced by the species
of Exacum and the jilant under notice. The genus
itself is confined to Madagascar, and only numbers

1

August 23, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

243

five species. T. caiioatus is figured in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 5094, and although introduced as long
ago as 1S5S, has not been disseminated as its merits
deserve. Nice llowering specimens may be seen in
the Begoni.i-house at Kew. The flowers have a long
white tube, with an intensely violet limb verging on
purple. It flowers freely in a small state from the
ends of the branches, and is so neat habited a plant
that any one possessed of a stove should grow it.

Eekp.eris coxgestifolia (Uay) var.

HAKE0U)ES(ll00K. fil., in ^i?/. ^/.r.i'., August, t. 6770).
— A very singular and striking hardy Chilian shrub,
with alternate coriaceous, orbicular, deeply laciniate
leaves, and dense tufts of yellow flowers. It was
introduced by Pearce from Chili to Messrs. VbITCh's
nurseries.

Syndicate OF Belgian Horticulturists.

—The monthly meeting was held on the Iilh ult. in
the rooms of the Royal Society of Agriculture and
Kotany of Ghent, when a number of beautiful plants,
both new and rare, and well grown, were brought for-
ward for the opinions of the judges. These were MM.
Ambroise \'erschatTelt, A. Peelers, L. de Sraet, A.
Kosseel, C. Spae, and Francois Desbois, under the
presidency of Mons. A. Verschalfclt. The follow-
ing Certificates of Merit were awarded : — MM.
Auguste Van Geert, for Sarracenia Jollyana ; A.
d'iiaene, for Croton Inimitable ; Ed. Pynaert, for
Begonia manicata aurea ; F. Desbois & Co., for
Begonia rubella. Cultural Commendations were
given for the following beautiful flowers : — MM. Van-
driessche-Leys, of Ghent, for Dendrobium Ihyrsi-
florum grandiflorum ; Y. J. Spae, for Croton t^iueen
Victoria ; Em. de Cock, of Ghent, for Ceroxylon fer-
rugineum. The judges in this section were MM. A.
Van G^ert, A. d'Haene, C. Spae, Vervaet & Co.,
Desmet, Duvivier, and MM. Desbois cSt Co. The
institution of a horticultural exchange is likely to
prove of great advantage to Belgian commercial hor-
ticulture.

Phyllocalvx edulis.— The Revue Horti-

cjle publishes a figure of this plant which has the
form and colour of a small Apricot, but deeply ribbed
and with the flavour of Pine-apple. It is a Brazilian
Myrtaceous shrub, with hairy blanches, sub-sessile ob-
loiig-la.nceolate leaves, and white tetramerous flowers.
It is an ornamental warm greenhouse plant, which
boars fruit in a young state, and is adapted for cul-
luie along the Mediterranean coast; or in some of our
co'onies. M. Andke gives a detailed desciiption of
the plant in the periodical above-named.

E.'.iGiiTOx and Susstx 1Iorticulti;ral

SticiLiif. — Tue grand autumn show of the above
Soaiety, now in its thirty-second season, is appointed
fjr Ssptember 3 and 4. A most liberal schedule is
provided both for plants and cut flowers as well as
fruit, no less than four silver cups being offered,
bisides substantial money prizes. A cup, value ;£^I0,
is to be awarded for the best collection of Grapes,
six varieties, three bunches of each, with 2d and 3d
prizes as well. Another cup, also of the same value, is
olfered for twelve dishes of fruit. The inducements
held fortii by the acting committee should be
amply rewarded by a splendid show, backed
up as they are by the liberality of the London
and Brighton Railway Company, who for many
y.'ars past have granted free transit for all ex-
hibits to and from the show from all parts of their
lin?. Schedules can be obtained from Mr. Car-
ienter, the Secretary, 96, St. James's Street,
Brighton, who, in conjunction with Mr. ClIILMAiD,
the Hon. Superintendent, has been indefatigable in
his efforts to render this exhibition worthy of any of its
predecessors.

English grown Medicinal Riiubarc. —

At the recent meeting of the British Pharmaceutical
Conference, as reported in the Pharmaceutical
journal, Mr. W. Elborne read a paper on the culti-
vation of medicinal Rhubarb. It would appear that
English-grown " Rhubaib," from Rheum officinale,
the plant which was first brought to Europe about six-
teen years ago (/^/^d?7«. Joiirn, [3], iii., 301), has now
taken its place side by side in commerce with that from
R. rhaponticum, from which it may be distinguished
upon fracture by the comparatively black colour of
the veins imbedded in a white parenchymatous tissue.
The excessive development of this tissue, observed in
the earlier experimental samples of this variety by

Mr. Holmes (Pharm. Journ. [3], vii., 301), was no
doubt due to " high cultivation," and it has been
found that with a slower growth the roots become
more dense, and when prepared are of a richer and
darker colour. One of the reports was devoted to some
historical, botanical, and microscopical notes on
English-grown Rhubarb, and the methods of its pre-
paration, and the other gave the results of a series of
analyses showing to a certain extent the constituents
of samples of English "ofiicinale" and "rhapon-
ticum," East Indian and the old-fashioned Russian
Rhubarbs. It was mentioned that the production of
English Rhubarb now amounts to twelve thousand
pounds weight yearly.

Bishop Auckland Horticultural So-
ciety.— After an interval of five years the annual
exhibition of this Society was held in the old place—
the grounds of Auckland Palace, the residence of the
llishop of Durham— on the Sih inst. A very fine
exhibition resulted, the show of Roses having been
very extensive and remarkably fine ; the weather was
all that could be desired, and the attendance was very
large. About 12,000 persons paid for admission, and
as the sum of ^^200 had been previously raised as
subscriptions, there is, after paying all expenses,
a handsome available surplus towards the ex-
penses of an exhibition in 1SS5. The principal
prize-takers were Mr. Letts, gardener to the Earl of
Zetland ; Mr. W. Knight, of Middlesborough ;
Mr. G. Farndale, of Loftus; and others. One
portion of the exhibition consisted of works of art,
needlework, and other industrial products. There is
now a probability that the old Bishop Auckland show
will resume its place among the annual fixtures of the
year, though not a few local shows have sprung up in
the immediate district consequent upon the tem-
porary abandonment of the Auckland exhibition, that
do to some extent rival it ; but there is no doubt
room for all.

Horticultural Education. — There is

some hope that the Health Exhibition will be produc-
tive of more direct practical results than some of its
predecessors. The educational department, for in-
stance, affords proof of what we have so often stated
as to the superiority of many nations over ourselves in
the matter of technical education. We have only
recently alluded to the schools of horticulture, in con-
nection with which we may here give from the Rciiic
Horticole the programme of the French School of
Horticulture at Versailles : —

T. Culture of fruit trees, fruit forcing, pomology.

2. Culture of forest and ornamental trees ; nursery
work.

3. Kitchen garden culture in all departments.

4. Flower culture, open air and under glass.

5. Elementary and descriptive botany.

6. Principles of landscape gardening and garden
architecture.

7. Elements of physics, meteorology, chemistry, geo-
l 'gy, and mineralogy in relation to horticulture.

8. Elements of zoology and entomology in relation to
horticulture and arboriculture.

9. Arithmetic, geometry, mensuration, plan drawing.

10. Drawing.

ir. French language and accounts.

12. English language.

13. Drill.

The practical instruction includes all garden opera-
tions, so that the pupils have to execute all the work
of the garden,

Tritoma grandis. — We are indebted to

Mr. P. Barr, of Covent Garden, for some fine spikes
of these splendid autumn flowers. The inflorescence
was of unusual massiveness, the upper half bright
scarlet, changing to yellow as the individual blossoms
attain age, so that there are always two quite distinct
colours present. We are informed the height of the
flower-stalks reaches 5 feet.

MICONIA magnifica. — No plant more

deserves its specific name than this one, for the great
bronzy-looking leaves are truly magnificent. They
are a deep, somewhat glaucous green above, and deep
violet-purple underneath, with three strong nerves
dividing them longitudinally, and two smaller sub-
marginal ones. These are connected again by a series
of transverse parallel veins on the underside, which
add very materially to the handsome appearance of
the foliage. The plant is generally grown in gardens

under the name of Cyanopyhlluui, but the lines of
demarcation or limiting characters of genera are so
finely drawn by some botanists that it comei to be a
matter of hair-splitting. According to the Genera
Plantarmn, our standard authority, Cyanophyllum,
together with a number of other genera, are all in-
cluded under Miconia, which now contains the mar-
vellous number of 300 species, all natives of tropical
America. The present one may be seen in the stove
at Kew.

Newcastle Public Parks.— Now that

public interest is felt in the northern city by reason of
the visit of the Prince of Wales to open the park
presented to the town by Sir William Armstrong,
it may be well to remind the reader that a full account
of the public parks of Newcastle was given in our
columns, vol. xx., 1SS3, p. 590. A description and
illustration of Sir William Armstrong's gardens
at Craigside, Rothbury, was given at p. 437 of our
volume for 1SS2. We cannot but feel satisfaction a
the interest now excited in the question of providing
open spaces in our overciowded towns. We attach
special importance from a sanitary point of view to
the establishment of numerous small recreation
grounds in the midst of the population. Most of
our great towns are now, as we have had occasion to
show, fairly well provided with parks on the outskirts.
What is wanted is more open space in the heart of
the towns.

• ■ Publications V.^ce.\\KTi.— Practical Taxi-
dermy ; a Manual of Instruction to the Amateur in
Collecting, Preserving, and Settin};-u/> Natural His-
tory Specimens of All Kinds. ByMoNTAGU Browne,
F.Z.S., &c., Curator, Town Museum, Leicester.
London : L. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand, W.C. —
Forestry of Northern Russia. By J. C. Brown,
LL.D. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.— /l/oifo-w
Irfindo-ii Gardening. By Samuel Wood. London :
HOULSTON & Sons, Paternoster Square.— £«;</«;
Water : a Review of the Present Condition and Sug-
gested Improvements of the Metropolitan Water Supply.
By A. de C. Scott. London : Chapman & Hall.
— Prairie Experiences in Handling Cattle and Sheep.
By Major W. Shepherd, R.E. London : Chap-
man & Hall.

The Weather.- General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Aug. 16, 18S4, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has been unsettled and showery in the
extreme W. and N., but generally fine and bright
over England. Severe thunderstorms, however, were
experienced in many parts of the kingdom during the
earlier part of the week— notably in the N. on the
I2th, as well as in the E. and S.E. of England.
The temperature, though generally lower than during
last week, has again been above the mean, the exces
varying from 1° in " England, S.W.," 104° in " Scot^
land, E." and the " Midland Counties," and 5° in"
" England, N.E." and " England, E." The highest
of the daily maxima (which were recorded on the
17th in England, and on various dates in Ireland and
Scotland) ranged from 70° in " Scotland, N.," to be-
tween 83° and 85° over the greater part of
England. The lo' st of the minima were
registered on the 14'!: and 15th, and varied between
43° and 50° over England, to 48' in the east and
north of Scotland and the south of Ireland, and to
56° in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has been
more than the mean in the north and east of Scot-
land and in "Ireland, N.," but less elsewhere.
Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than during
last week, the percentages of possible duration vary-
ing from 19 in " Scotland, N.," and 20 in Ireland, to
58 in "England, S.," and to 70 in the "Channel
Islands." Depressions observed. — Barometric pres-
sure has been highest over the Continent, and lowest
over the Atlantic ; depressions have travelled north-
wards and north-eastwards outside our western co.-sts,
and a few shallow local disturbances have a ip^ared
in the east. S. to S.W. winds have consequently
been general in the southern and south-western pa t
of the kingdom, and southeasterly to south-westerly
breezes in the north ; in force they have been light
in the east and south, but have occasionally increased
to a fresh or stronp breeze in the v/est and north.

Gardening Appointmrnts. — Mr. W.

POLLEV, for the last nine years at Fairholme, Oat-
lands Park, WeybridgC; Surrey, has been appointed
Gardener to A. Wallace Rooke, Esq., Ryde's Hill
House, Guildford, Surrey.

244

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1S84.

RYDE, ISLE OF WIGHT.

Go where one may in these days of rapid railway
travelling a continuous stream of visitors and pleasure-
seekers all through the summer months crowds the
main thoroughfares of every place of any importance
whatever. It is needless to say all are bent on their
particular form of amusement, but the mass appa-
rently have no special aim. Arrived at Portsmouth
the plant collector will soon find that the bare
commons and gravelly sea-beach in the immediate
neighbourhood of the town offer no attractions except
he desire to linger amidst the relics that speak of
British victories by sea or land, or gaze on Nelson's
flagship, the J^ictory^ along with others now safely
riding at anchor, and guarded by low-decked iron-
clads of modern times.

The wooded slopes on the northern side of the Isle
of Wight, as they appear in the distance across the
waters of Spithead, are extremely inviting, and a
landing may be effected there by one of the steamers
that ply between the more fashionable seaports and
the mainland. Choosing Ryde as a landing-place
for a ramble the eye is delighted with the buildings
as they appear one above another like so many
terraces thicky interspersed with trees, amongst which
Laurus nobilis and Juniperus virginiana have attained
noble dimensions. From this point the naked eye
can discern on a clear day the Portsdown Hills on
the mainland, with their line of fortifications like
grim monitors guarding the town of Portsmouth itself,
although 5 miles behind it.

Time glides away rapidly and a descent must be
made on the flora of the island before the steamer
departs on the return journey. It is distinctly mari-
time in character, although many things occur that are
not essentially seaside plants. To the westward of
Ryde, where the slopes are covered with trees and
copsewood almost to the water's edge, numerous
interesting members of the British flora find a suit-
able home. Hypericum calycinum, although doubt-
fully indigenous, is considered to be truly naturalised,
and here competes with other plants of similar habit
for existence. Hypericum androsi^mum, now in fruit,
is more abundant, and remarkable on account of the
strong odour it exhales even in a dried state . Chlora per-
foliata and Erythrseacentaurium, two allied plants, are
pretty frequent, but scattered about as if unsocial in
habit. In the more shady parts Epipactis latifolia
grows more or less luxuriantly. It is a very variable
Orchid, a fact testified by the numerous synonyms
applied to it by different authors, and the several
forms that now rank as sub-species and again as
species. Strictly speaking, Eupatorium cannabinum
is not a maritime plant, but seems greatly to prefer
growing near the sea from its frequency in that
neighbourhood, and here it is both abundant and
luxuriant. The flowerheads are of various shades of
purple, some so dark as to merit a place in any
herbaceous border. Helminthia echioides is a
curious looking Composite, and by no means common.
On the moist sand near high-water mark, Glaux
maritima and Arenaria peploides, two very curious
plants in their way, spread over the pebbles with
great freedom. The former, a member of the Prim-
rose order, is remarkable by the absence of a'corolla ;
and both, by their creeping stems and fleshy leaves,
show by their departure from'the type, how plants be-
come modified to adapt themselves to their surround-
ings. Amongst the' Chenopods, Atriplex littoralis and
Beta maritima take their proper position on the shore ;
and the latter, although a weedy-looking procumbent
plant, is interesting because considered the origin of
the Beet and Mangel Wurzel. The wild Celery,
Apium graveolens, differs but little from the culti-
vated forms, except in the size and properties per-
haps. Tamarix gallica forms a beautiful spreading
bush, bearing superficially a great resemblance to
some of the finer Cypresses and Junipers. It is doubt-
fully indigenous however, and confined to the
southern coasts of England. Saponaria officinalis is
another doubtful native, but showy as a garden plant,
and interesting economically, as the herbage contains
a quantity of saponaceous matter. The great Horse-
tail, Equisetum maximum, affects moist places
amongst the low bushes, and its fluted stems, attain-
ing a height of 3 to 5 feet, are gracefully clothed with
myriads of whorled slender branches.

True to their old habitats, Solidago virgaurea
and Serratula tinctoria decorate the dry, bushy
places, or fringe the margin of a projecting rocky
bank. The former affords an instance of how the old

herbalists' name of "Virga aurea " (the Golden
Rod) may be adapted to suit the modern and more
scientific classification. Inula Conyza, although infe-
rior in point of beauty to its more ubiquitous congener,
I. dysenterica is noticeable as a different habited,
rarer plant, frequenting dry banks, not moist situ-
ations. Iris foetidissima seems rather plentifully
scattered about in bushy and shady places, under the
hedges, or wherever the nature of the ground is suit-
able for it to obtain a footing. The herbage when
bruised smells remarkably like that of Cyphomandra
betacea, known in some gardens as the Tree Tomato.
How any one could ever have named it the " Roast
Beef Plant " it would be difficult to say. Daphne
laureola is an uncommon plant, and interesting not
only botanically, but recommendable as a subject for
the planter. "The low, bushy habit and evergreen
leaves are sufficient to attract notice, independently
of its black-berried fruit.

Were sufficient time at disposal for an extensive and
prolonged ramble in this neighbourhood there is little
doubt that many more interesting plants would be
found ; but the foregoing are sufficient to show the
nature of the vegetation, and the suitability of the
climate and position for the requirements of a large
portion of the British flora. X.

USEFUL H EAT.

Many years ago Prof. Alphonse de Candolle
showed that a certain total amount of tempera-
ture was needed for plant growth, so much for leaf
growth, so much more for seed-ripening, and
so on ; and this amount or sum of temperature is
known to vary for each crop, and provided the plant
obtains it, it matters relatively little whether the time
be long or short. Plants do not, as a general rule,
show signs of active vegetation till the temperature
rises above 6" C. = 42" F. The method of calculating
the sums of temperature required for plant-growth has
been formulated by General Strachey. A certain unit
of temperature is adopted to supply a standard for
calculation, the unit being one degree continued for
the unit of time, one hour or one day as the case may
be. The unit of time adopted by Mr. Scott, of the
Meteorological Office, is one day, and the unit of
useful temperature is called a "day-degree." A
" day-degree " then signifies i* F. in excess or defect,
above or below 42 F. continued for twenty-four hours,
or for any other number of degrees for an inversely
proportional number of hours. Thus, if we were
dealing with daily means, an average daily tempera-
ture of 62° F. would mean twenty " day-degrees " of
temperature for that day, starting from the assumed
base line of 42" F., below which the temperature
would be ineflFective. The mean temperature is taken
to be the mean between the maximum and minimum
temperature of twenty-four hours, and this mean is
nearly the average for the whole day. The maxi-
mum and minimum are both above 42° in summer, or
below 42° F. in winter, and sometimes one is above
42°, the other below ; when above 42*^ all the accumu-
lated temperature is to the good or positive, when
below it is negative, or when partly above partly below
one part of the effective temperature for the day is
positive, the other negative. From hourly observa-
tions made at Kew Observatory, General Strachey
has ascertained the magnitude of the coefficient by
which the difference between either of these extreme
temperatures and the base temperature of 42" F.
should be multiplied, in order to obtain the value of
the temperatures in excess or defect of 42° F., ex-
pressed in day-degrees, and he found this for a weekly
period was 0^.4. Hence, if the mean of the day is
above 42° F., we multiply the difference between the
minimum and 42" F. by o°.4 (four-tenths), and call
this the negative effective temperature. To find the
positive effective temperature we subtract from the
difference between the mean for the day and 42° F.
the negative effective temperature just determined.
If the mean of the day is below 42* F. the proceeding
is similar, but we first ascertain the positive effective
temperature, and subtract that from the difference
between 42" F. and the mean, thus obtaining the
negative effective temperature. The total accumu-
lated temperature up to July I may be made up in very
different ways ; thus in 188 1 the winter was severe,
and its accumulated temperature was made up in
spring and early summer. In the present year we
had practically no frost, but unusually cold weather
at Easter and at the end of May. It will be interest-
ing to learn how far a correspondence between the
character of the several crops and the accumulated
temperature of the year can be established.

LOUGH CREW.

Pleasantly situate in the midst of beautiful and
undulating country, about 3 miles from Oldcastle, in
County Meath, stands Loughcrew, the fine residence
of J. L. Naper, Esq. The mansion, which is oblong
in form and built of massive cut stone, is an imposing
structure of substantial appearance.

The flower garden is on the east side of the
mansion, and now presents a very gay appearance
with the usual varieties of bedding-out plants, Alter-
nantheras of sorts being remarkably well coloured
and very effective, as also were two good-sized beds
of CEnothera Voungii, pegged down, and literally
covered with yellow flowers. Two large beds of
tuberous-rooted Begonias (mostly scarlet) are also
very fine ; the plants are dwarf and blooming freely.
Throughout the entire arrangement of bedding the
colours have been judiciously studied so as to har-
monise with each other. Leaving this flower garden
we proceed westward to the kitchen garden, which is
half a mile from the mansion, but before entering we
pass through a pleasure ground, in which is a very
large herbaceous border, and here are many fine
things in bloom. Noticeable as being in flower were
Phygelius capensis, Ginothera macrocarpa, CE,
Frazeri,CE.Youngii,CE. missouriensis,Qi. taraxacifolia,
Spiraea filipendula plena, S, venusta. Phlox in Variety,
Veronicas, Coreopsis lanceolata, C. pr:Ecox, Harpa-
Hum rigidum, Achillea millefolia rosea, Patrina sea-
biosifolia, Erigerons, Geums, and Geraniums in var.,
Armerias, Sedums, Statices (many varieties). Salvias,
Cheione barbata, Physostegia speciosa, Bocconia cor-
data, and many others, effectively arranged, and pre-
senting a very gay appearance. Here is also to be
seen (on some rockwork and by the sides of a pond)
a collection of hardy Ferns in much variety, which
includes some immense specimens of the native
Osmunda regalis, some 5 or 6 feet across, and about
the same in height.

The kitchen garden is about 4 acres in extent.
The soil is heavy ; consequently, owing to the dry
season, things have done exceedingly well — Peas in
particular — while in light soils they are almost a
failure. Of hardy fruits, Pears, Apples, and Plums
were a light crop ; the Apricots were good, as were
also the Cherries ; Gooseberries, Currants, &c., were
bearing heavily large-sized fruit.

A Cherry tree (Morello) against the north wall is
remarkable for its large size, covering a space of
50 feet by 14 feet, and carrying a good crop of fruit.

The bouses, about sixteen in number, are all
together, and one above the other, terrace-like, com-
mencing with the high lean-to's, and finishing with
small spans, pits, &c. No. I is a Peach-case, un-
heated, 100 feet long, the construction 'of which is
somewhat amusing to the modern practitioner. For
the admission of top air the garden wall, some 14 feet
high, has to be mounted, and a series of trap-doors
opened, and for closing or reducing it the same per-
formance is again gone through. The trees in this
house generally carry a good crop, but this year many
of the varieties are almost a failure ; the only kinds
carrying anything like a fair load are Bellegarde and
Salwey Peaches, and EIruge Nectarine, although a
good many more varieties are planted here.

A couple of Fig trees in the same house (Brunswick
and Brown Turkey) are now commencing to ripen a
fair crop of fruit. In front of this house is a border
of seedling Carnations, remarkable for their high
quality and freedom of bloom.

Next in order are the vineries, four in number ; the
early Grapes were ripe in May, and are mostly Black
Hamburgh ; a few bunches yet remain, of good
quality. This house was planted by Mr. Taylor, and
has proved highly satisfactory.

Vinery No. 2 is planted with a mixed lot of Black
Hamburgh, Lady Downe's, and Muscat Hamburgh ;
and in No. 3 is also a heterogeneous collection of Ali-
cante, Batbarossa, &c., all carrying fair crops of
moderate-sized bunches. No. 4 is a Muscat-house,
in which the Grapes are just finishing, and are very
fair bunches. A small fernery at the back of this
vinery is filled with a very healthy lot of plants.
Adiantum Farleyense and A. Veitchii are represented
by nice specimens ; other varieties are mostly small
plants suitable for decorative purposes in the mansion.
The greenhouse is divided into three divisions, each
being filled with flowering plants in variety, viz.,
Statices, Petunias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Begonias
(in fine v.irs.), Rochea (alcala, Impatiens Sultani,
Coleus, &c., all very tastefully arranged ; while hang-

August 23, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

245

ing from the roof are Tacsoni.is, Ilabrothamnus, Tea
Roses, Cantua dependens, and other things.

A few Begonias in baskets, with foliage in the way
of B. Pearcei, but with bronzy-yellow flowers 2 or
3 inches across, were very handsome. The plant
stoves and intermediate houses are furnished with
such plants as are usually met with, and in one of them
are some fine healthy Eucharis amazonica. Melons
and Cucumbers are in adjoining structures, and were
found to be bearing excellent crops of fruit, High
Cross Hybrid Melon being the one that was grown.
The frames are at present filled with Poinsettias,
Azaleas, Deutzias, &c., for use in the winter, cut
flowers being always much asked for.

In conclusion, it must be remarked that in each
and every department of this establishment neatness
and cleanliness are the prevailing features, and Mr.
Taylor (the head gardener), who has had charge here
for seven years, deserves much praise for the many
improvements and alterations carried out by him
during that time. W. J, [iihiml.

not to pay so much for these as for the short-stalked
kinds, It is rather tart, and has larger seeds than
the common red. It is a capital kind for keeping
till October, protected on a north aspect.

FRUIT NOTES.

Fruit Crops at Great Gearies. — The fruit
prospects promised well in March this year. During
the time Apricots were in flower the weather was so
favourable that the fruit set better than we have had
it for many years. Cherries, Plums, and Peaches on
walls, also set well, although a few of them were late,
and sufTered from the exceptionally cold frosty weather
which set in after the Apricots were well set. We
have therefore an exceptionally good crop of Apricots,
which have ripened well. Frogmore Early, of larger
size than usual, was gathered the last week in July j
we are now (August 14) gathering the Moor Park
variety. Cherries were a good crop on the walls, but
they failed in some instances as standards, although
there was as usual a good crop of the Morellos.
Plums on the walls are a good crop ; Victoria and
Kirke's are two useful kinds that can always be
depended upon ; they set a full crop on the walls.
None of our walls are protected in any way. Pears
are a good crop in the open ground, but the
Jargonelles ripened and were gathered during the
excessive heat, so that a good crop was spoiled by the
heat — an unusual occurrence. The fruit decayed at the
centre, even when it was hard. Beurre Giffard is a
good useful early variety, but it does not set its
fruit quite so freely as the Jargonelle. There
are full crops of Williams' Bon Chretien, Beurre
d'Amanlis, and Louise Bonne of Jersey. Even
Doyenne du Comice and Beurre Superfin, which are
not usually free-bearing, have good crops. Apples
escaped the frosty winds, the blossoms not being open
until the weather changed, and all the kinds that
usually bear freely have good crops ; but the hot dry
weather which has caused the fruit to ripen well has
also been favourable to the production and free deve-
lopment of the Apple-boring maggots, and quantities
of the best fruit are dropping off ; the best plan is to
gather all the fruit as it falls, and pick off any that is
attacked on the trees, and have it used in the kitchen
or destroyed. The name of this troublesome pest is
the Codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella. The grub
leaves the fruit and spins a cocoon on the stem of the
tree, and changes into a chrysalis, from which the
moth emerges in less than a week, and again deposits
its eggs in the Apples. All our small fruits this year
were abundant, and of good quality, with the excep-
tion of Strawberries, which were plentiful enough,
but of poor quality. The leaves were early attacked
by red-spider, and this pest debilitated the plants so
much that the fruit was small and imperfectly ripened.
A good crop might have been obtained if the leaves
had been cleansed from red-spider, the plants mulched
with decayed manure, and copiously watered. J.
Douglas, Great Gcarics, IlforJ, Essex.

The Imperial Lemon. — The Florist and Potnolo-
_^st gives a coloured figure of this fine Lemon, which
fruits in the open air at Torquay, but elsewhere
requires the protection of glass. The foliage is bold,
ovate-oblong j the fruits nearly globular, the size of a
Calville Blanche Apple of fine flavour and perfume.

The Raby Castle Red Currant. —This fine
fruit, valuable for its size, brilliant colour, and also as
affording a succession to the early varieties, is fre-
quently met with as a market fruit. It bears abund-
antly and on long stalks, so that the purchaser has

DISEASES OF MUSHROOMS.

In the Gar,teners' Chronicle for June 14 last,
p. 777, I recorded the occurrence of Agaricus gloio-
cephalus, Fr., as found on shoddy near Huddersfield.
Being a rare and noble species, and belonging to a
remarkable subgenus (Volvaria), I naturally felt
some curiosity as to the nature of the hymenium, or

Fig. 49.— disease of agaricus : fusisporium mucophvtum.

spore-bearing surface of the gills. On placing some
fragments of this surfac; under the microscope for
examination, we lighted on a handsome brown spored
Fusisporium which seems to have remained hitherto
unobserved, and which we have named F. mucophy-
tum. It is remarkable for the colour of the unusually
large spores, and the extraordinary number of septa, or
joints, with which most of them are furnished. Every
mycologist knows that the supposed different species
of fungi are often so much alike that it requires the
keenest insight, and sometimes even imagination, to

Fig. 50. — DISEASE OF mushroom: saprolegni\ mucoikaga.

discern any difference between one and the other (
but in the species illustrated in fig. 49 this is by
no means the case. The largest spores are twice
as long as the spores belonging to^^the two species
of Fusisporium common on Potatos, F. Solani,
Mart., and F. roseolum, Steph., and which
cause different forms of disease in Potatos ; the
spores are also three times as long as spores
of the different species of Fusisporium recently
described by me on Wheat, Barley, and Rye-grass.
The hymenial surface of the gill of Agaricus gloio-
cephalus, Fr., is shown in section at the base of the
illustration at fig. 49, the basidia, or spore-bearers, are
seen at b, and a cystidium, probably a male organ, at
A. It is remarkable that the Fusisporium is exactly
the same in colour with the gills of the Agaric ; some

young botanists would term this a case of " protective
resemblance ; " and if the smell reminded one of
something else it would doubtless be a case of
"mimicry," so much are these two useful terms
abused by beginners. The following is a technical
description of this fungus ; —

Fusisporium mucopiiytum, IV. 5/«.— Mycelium
pallid or colourless, thin, somewhat torulose, forming
a thin gelatinous stratum ; spores very large, curved,
fusiform, 3—8 septate, nucleate, at first colourless,
then pale brown or salmon-coloured. On gills of living
Agarics.

The fungus was first seen by me on Agaricus gloio-
cephalus ; we have since seen it on the gills of the
common bedding Mushroom, Agaricus campestris,
L. This fact is remarkable, as the fungus is quite
invisible to the unaided eye, it being precisely the
same in colour with the gills of the Mushroom, To
find the Fusisporium one has to look over the gills
with a strong lens and search for small gelatinous
spots. The presence of a fungus of this nature may
sometimes possibly make the bedding Mushroom unfit
for the table, or even poisonous.

The illustration shown in fig. 50 I intended to
reserve for a week or two, as my material had been
sent to the mounters, and I wished to make further
observations before publishing. As the hot weather,
in league with some person or persons unknown, has,
however, willed otherwise, and the engraving has
been published in advance [The two cuts now given
were previously published by inadvertence. Ed.],
I have only to say that It represents a hitherto
undetected parasite on the gills of bedding Mush-
rooms, and named by me Saprolegnia muco-
phaga. Every grower of Mushrooms must be
acquainted with an obnoxious and destructive
thick white mould or mildew which attacks the
gills of bedding Mushrooms, and weaves a thick
floccose web of mycelium all over them, till at last
they become quite obliterated. Instead of the brown
or salmon colour being exhibited on the gills the
whole under-surface is one woven mass of white felt.
I have known this condition of Mushrooms ever
since I first noticed fungi, and although I have
placed the white substance many hundreds of times
under the microscope I have not till lately seen
anything like a spore or fruit. Mushrooms in this
diseased and probably dangerous state are commonly
exposed for sale in' Covent Garden Market ; such
examples may be the cause of many "accidents."
Sometimes an obstinate fungus can be coaxed by
kindness into exhibiting its true nature. Nutrient
solutions or " fluids " are sometimes effectual ; a little
sugar and water, or (for the lower orders of fungi)
expressed juice of horse-dung, or the mysterious com-
pound sold by some publicans under the name of
beer, may prove useful ; the warm, pleasant air of a
drawing-room, a position under a bell-glass, or in the
air of a conservatory, will sometimes thaw some obsti-
nate brutes ; but kindness has always been thrown
away on our white felted mould of Mushrooms ;
it refused to show itself in its true colours, and both
beer and benevolence were thrown away. Amongst
my mycological friends not one has been able to
draw the Mushroom mould out. The microscope
showed a dense mass of stout mycelium full of septa,
the septa so strong and well marked that even the
youngest and boldest fungologist dared not say he
could not see them. After many ineffectual efforts to
make the mycelial threads produce fruit, I at last
thought the fungus might be a Saprolegnia allied to
the fungus of the salmon disease. With this idea in
mind I placed some diseased Mushrooms, gills
lowermost, in a film of water in a saucer, and placed
the examples under a bell-glass. The water started
the total-abstaining mycelium into active growth
at once, and it speedily produced sporangia with
zoospores as illustrated, and after a few days other
sporangia, or oogonia, each with four oospores, as
shown in the centre of the illustration at the top
(fig. 50)' This species differs from all other described
species in the smallness of its oogonia and oospores.
If the readers of this paper will refer to the
Gardeners' Chronicle iot December 22, 1883, p. 781,
they will see an illustration and description of a
closely allied plant, as found on the side of a silo,
and completely investing a fungus named Isaria fuci-
formis, B. In the Gardeners' Chronicle no name
was given to the Isaria and silo fungus, but we have
named it elsewhere Saprolegnia philomukes. Neither
species of Saprolegnia here mentioned, or indeed
the Isaria, which was illustrated in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for March 18, 1882, p. 376, has yet been
completely studied. IV. G. Smith.

246

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1854.

STAKE HILL HOUSE,
CASTLETON.

Year by year the difficulties which beset the suc-
cessful cultivation of plants and flowers in the neigh-
bourhood of Manchester actually increase, and with
marked rapidity. Slake IliM, so long the congenial
home of many subjects, and especially of florists'
flower?, is gradually being hedged in by the continuous
growth of manufacturing suburbs. Middleton, Hey-
wood, Castleton, Rochdale, Royton, Oldham, and
Chadderton, with their hundreds of shafts belching
forth smoke in deleterious forms, year after year come
nearer to Stake Hill, as if laying siege to it and trust-
ing to time to destroy. Hedgerows, once full of the
vigorous life of Hazel, Bramble, and Thorn, are
rapidly disappearing ; vigorous trees go down before
the vomited sulphur compounds, and the grass of the
fields appears plague*struck, and yet Nature makes a
stubborn fight, and the skill of the florist aids in many
ways ; but there are periods of parley followed by
surrender, and the foe steadily gains the day ; and
though Mr. Barlow has obtained an estate at Llan-
dudno, away from all such deleterious influences as
surround Stake Hill, he yet continues to grow many
of his favourite subjects at the place he has dwelt in
so long, and which is endeared to him by a long list
of floricultural triumphs.

In the pleasure grounds at Stake Hill, the well-
kept greensward, trim walks, and nicely filled flower-
beds, attest to the careful oversight of the gardener,
Mr. H, Pomroy. Rhododendrons are making a fine
summer growth, so are most evergreens ; the beds of
Roses, difficult to keep alive through the trying
winter, are very gay, and a bouquet of flowers of rare
quality for the locality — for the Rose garden is an
open bleak spot — could be gathered. In the flower
garden are beds of Stocks, early flowering Chrysan-
themums, an excellent double dwarf Nasturtium ; of
Pentstemons, Horace Vernet, one of the very finest
of the red flowered varieties, and other subjects not
usually seen in such a place.

Higher up, beyond the spacious bowling green, is a
garden of hardy flowers, where many choice subjects
find a congenial home despite adverse influences.
Here are various choice Campanulas, among them
the bold and showy C. Van Houttei ; a choice
collection of Aquilegias, A. californica hybrida being
particularly showy. A bed of truly magnificent
Sweet Williams, Pansies and Violas in variety, Antir-
rhinums, Pinks ; the pretty Wood Vetch, Vicia
sylvatica, one of the sweetest of British plants, is here;
and many other things too numerous to mention. At
the north-east end of this garden Mr. Barlow has
planted out in a prepared bed his collection of gold-
laced Polyanthuses ; in addition to George IV., Kxile,
Louise, Prince Regtnt, Cheshire Favourite, and other
fine old sorts, are his new varieties. Sunrise, Model,
John Bright, &c., as well as several species of Primulas,
and choice double Primroses. They are all doing
well.

On two sides of this garden are to be seen the
double vinery, in which are good crops of Grapes,
and a low span-roofed house in two 'divisions, one
filled with Tomatos, the other with specimen Pelar-
goniums, Fuchsias, &c. Here, ranged on one side
of the paths, is as fine a lot of Chrysanthemums in
pots as we have looked upon this season. Close by
is a collection of Hellebores in pots, all fine specimens,
in good health, Mr. Barlow having a great liking for
Chiistmas Rofcs. On a sheltered bank are a fine lot of
Davies' and other early flowering Rhododendrons, such
as Countess of Sefton, Lady Skelmersdale, Countess of
Derby, and others, in large specimens that in a cool-
house come into flower in early spring, with Deutzia
gracilis. Azalea mollis, and such other things. This
house is now occupied by a large collection of
Auriculas, show and alpine, also many seedlings of
the former, raised from a fine strain ; and here are a
number of one-year-old plants of Chinese Primroses,
some of the best grown plants we have seen for many
a day. So backward is Mr. Barlow's collection of
Carnations, that in order to have them in bloom by
August 12— the date of the National Carnation and
Picotee Shows at Manchester — he was obliged to
push them on under glass. The collection includes
S.F., Dan Godfrey, John Ball, Henry Matthews;
R.F., Squire Meynell, James Merryweather, Miss
Erskine Wemyss ; P.P.B., Mr. Gorton, James Taylor,
Sir Garnet Wolseley, Unexpected, H. K. Mayor ;
C.B., Stanley Hudson ; S.B., Admiral' Curzon, and
many other fine sorts. There is also a collection of

seedling Hellebores in a frame, from which Mr, Barlow
expects some novelties.

The two large plant-houses are furnished with many
subjects of varied character, and all in good condi-
tion. There are some fine specimens of Eucharis
amazonica, and astandard Ilabrothamnus in the green-
house is laden to the utmost with flowers. Further
away, in an upper garden, is a collection of Lanca-
shire Gooseberries, and it is with this fruit Mr.
Barlow, in days gone by, scored many a victory.

This hurried sketch includes only a few of the
many subjects staged at Stake Hill. There is always
something in flower, because so many seasonable
plants and flowers are cultivated. The collection of
Ranunculus has been transferred to Wales, where, in
the clearer atmosphere which surrounds the Great
Orme's Head, they succeed much better than in smoky
Lancashire. But Tulips, Auriculas, and not a few
other choice subjects will still be grown here, and
long may it be ere Stake Hill ceases to be such a place
of absorbing interest to florists, where something of
first-class excellence can be looked upon at almost
every season of the year, and where there is one of the
most genial and kindest of hosts to give ^hearty wel-
come to all who, like himself, loves the flowers he
tends with so much tender care. A'. D,

AGRICULTURAL RETURNS OF
GREAT BRITAIN FOR 1S84.

The following summary has been issued by the
Agricultural Department of the Privy Council
Office :—

Acreage of Land in Great Britain under —

Wheat. Barley.

Oats.

Potatos.

Hops.

i88z..

3,003,960 2,255,269

2.833.865

541,064

65.619

1883,.

2,613,162 2,291,991

2.975.381

543,455

68,016

1884..

=.676,477 ' S|iS9,48s

2,892,576

562,344

69,258

Increase (+) or Decrease (— ).

1884..

+63.315

-132,506

-82,80s

+ 18,889

+ 1242

over

or

or

or

or

or

1883..

2.4 p. cent. '5.8 p. cent.

2.8 p. cent.

3.5 p. cent.

1.8 p. cent.

i88(..

-327.483; -95784

+58,7"

+21,280

+3639

over

or or

or

or

or

i88z..

10.9 p. cent 4.2 p. cenL

2,1 p. cent.

3 9 p. cent.

5.5 P- cent.

Tolal Numitr of Live Stock in Gnat Brit

2/«.

Cattle.

Sheep and Lambs.

Pigs.

Sheep.

Lambs. Total.

1882..

5,807,491 15,573.884

8,745,884 24,319,768

2,510,402

18S3..

5.962,779 '5948,667

9,119,604 25,068,271

2,617.757

1884..

6,241,127 16,371,280

9.663,937 26,037,217

2,38',323

Increase (+) or Decrease (-).

1884

over

I +278 348 +422,613

or or

4.7 p. cent 2.6 p. cent.

■ +433.^36 +797.396
I

or or

7 5p. cent 5.1 p. cent

+ 346.3331 +9*8,946 -35.434

or ' or or

6p. cent. 3.gp. cenl. 1.4 p. cent.

+ 920,053 +i,7'7.449 + 71 931

or I or or

io.5 p. cenl 7, 1 p. cent. 2.9 p. cent.

FOREIGN NOTES.

A SPECIAL committee of the Legislature in the
Dominion of Canada has been taking evidence as to
the suitability of the north-west districts for the growth
of fruit trees. The testimony given shows that there
are many varieties of fruit which thrive in Great
Britain, Germany, Russia, and other European
countries, which would be equally suited to the climate
of the Notth-West, it being stated that excellent fruit
is grown in great quantities in Europe at points where
the temperature ranges considerably lower than it
does in Canada. It is urged that the example of the
I'lussian and German Governments should be followed
in the establishment of the plantations of fruit trees
and experimental farms in dilTercnt parts of the
Dominion, to test the kind of trees and fruits best
suited to the different localities.

Gardening attiie Antipodes.— All the fruits of

Europe are grown with success in Australia. The
Orange is cultivated most extensively in New South
Wales, the area so planted being 6716 acres in 1SS2,
while the fruit gathered amounted to nearly 5,000,000
dozens. As many as 10,000 Oranges have been ob-
tained from individual trees. Oranges are largely ex-
ported to the neighbouring colonies, and many pro-
prietors of orangeries, who began life in a very sm.ill
way, have realised a fortune. The Olive, Caper,
Fig, Strawberry, Raspberry, Gooseberry, Currant,
Custaid-apple, Guava, Banana, Ground-nut, Almond,
Passion-fruit, Loquat. (Quinces, Plums, Nectarines,
Pears, Apples, and Peaches, all thrive. Gardens and
orchards covered in 1SS2 an area of 17,060 acres.
Fruit is cheap, and is consumed in large quantities by
all classes. The Potato grows well and the yield is
large. In' New South Wales the Camellia grows to
large-sized trees covered with beautiful blossoms,
which are largely worn by the fair sex, who do not find
them such expensive luxuries as do the ladies in
England.

Camellias. — The culture of the Camellias in
our greenhouses is very simple. C. japonica in the
groves and gardens of Japan is a lofty tree, much
admired for its fine form, rich clothing of shining
deep green foliage, and elegant red or white flowers,
single or double. It is equally admired in China as
in Japan, and much cultivated in both countries. It
is of frequent occurrence in Chinese paintings, with
Hibiscus and Chrysanthemums— two of their great
favourites. There are several varieties of C. jiponica
in China, most of which have been imported here,
and their number considerably increased and is daily
increasing from seedlings raised In this country. The
double white, double striped, and double Waratah
(from the central petals resembling those of the Waratah
plant of Australia— Telopea speciosissima) are con-
sidered grand and marked varieties, and are also free
growers and flowerers. The Pseony-flowered and
fringed white are also standard beauties. C. reticu-
lata from China is conspicuous for its very large
Rowers, but nearly all the species and varieties are
much admired. From the seeds of Camellia oleifera
a large quantity of oil is obtained in China ; it is of a
thinnish yellow. P. L. S,

SWANMORE PARK GARDENS.

The high position attained by the exhibits generally,
and particularly of Chrysanthemums, has given Swan-
more Gardens so enviable notoriety that a few notes
made on the occasion of a very hurried visit will, I
feel sure, be acceptable to the readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle,

Swanmore Park is the residence of W. H.
Myers, Esq., and is 3 miles from the Bishop's
Waltham Station on the London and South-Western
Railway. The park is wooded with Oak, and being
situated on high ground, the views extend beyond
Winchester on the one hand to the Isle of Wight on
the other, and are of a charming character. Being on
such an elevated site, it is somewhat difficult to get
new plantations or specimen trees to make much
progress at first, by reason of the biting " nor'-easters "
that in the spring-time are so prevalent in Hampshire,
as elsewhere ; but when once trees have started to
grow, or have got acclimatised, they go away with all
the freedom of trees in more sheltered spots. How-
ever, my visit was to the gardens, and with these only
my notes must deal ; and, fortunately for a scribe that
is not well up in the descriptive element, there is
ample material to work upon.

First, then, I must try to dispel the delusion that
oftentimes exists in regard to many other gardens
besides Swanmore — viz., that one branch of garden-
ing receives attention over, or rather to the neglect of,
every other. At one place it may be fruit, at another
vegetables, at another a flower garden ; but some will
say, " Ah ! it is none of these at .Swanmore — it is
Chrysanthemums." Not a bit of it ; these arc growtt
largely, as will certainly be surmised when we find
there are 2Co varieties this year growing there,
whilst as to the plants, they number at least .a
thousand, all in luxuriant health, and at the
time of my visit (July 2j) many of them were
S feet high— so how high they will get before the end
of October it would be hazardous to jjuess perhaps ;
but for all that, every other branch of gardening that
is practised at Swanmore has, as it were. Chrysan-
themum attention ; there is no hobby, but it is evident
that the Chrysanthemum is regarded with much atten-
tion, and not to the detriment of other productions,

August 2j, iSS,).]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

247

fof Mr. Molyneux makes use of every nook and
corner, indoors and out, so that there is an abundance
at all seasons.

On the back walls of the houses, wliich in most places
are unutilised, there are Tomatos, llowering climbers
— such as Plumbagos, Heliotropes, and Roses— and
even more Ih.in this ; in a span-roof house filled with
I'elargoniums of the zonal section Tomatos are made
to form a bower over the path, thus virtually taking
up no space, except that on which the pots in which
they are growing stand. A visit to Swanmore would
do more for a novice in their culture than much of the
instructions he might find in books. In addition to
the span-roofed house just referred to there is a
similar structure for Melon and Cucumber growing,
and the usual accompaniment of pits and frames,
which are filled with sundries, notably amongst them
being a good lot of Eouvardias.

At the time of my visit Melons were plentiful, hut
I noted that the very general error Melon growers
are guilty of was there prevalent, namely, that of
growing several varieties in one house — a system of
culture that is .always more or less unsatisfactory, as
one can never be certain of the seed so grown repro-
ducing itself ; hence the numberless worthless kinds
of Melons that are constantly met with, and the
ripening takes place at difierent periods. The prin-
cipal range of glass stands on the highest part of the
kitchen garden, having an aspect due south, and is as
noble a range of houses as any one could desire. The
total length is 222 feet, iS feet wide, with a height
of back w.all of 14 feet, and the "hip" lights rest on
the wall, and are 3 feet 6 inches long. The ventila-
tion is of the handiest description, being worked
by an adaptation of the screw. The range is divided
into seven compartments, viz., greenhouse, Peach-
house, stove, a conservatory, early vinery, Muscat-
house, and late vinerj'. The enumeration of these
compartments, and a word or two with respect to
their inmates, will sufficiently confirm the impres-
sion the writer formed, which was that for excellent
general gardening there are not many places of
moderate size that can approach Swanmore. Cut
flowers and plants for furnishing are in much request,
hence greenhouse and stove plants are grown largely.
Tuberous Begonias are simply perfection. The
varieties Emperor and Vesuvius are some 5 feet in
diameter, and flowered to the rim of the pots, Bou-
gainvilleas are also very fine, and so are greenhouse
Dracienas. The rafters and back walls are furnished
with Tea Roses, Plumbagos, Lapagerias, and Tac-
sonias, every plant being clean and in full vigour.

In the stove there are extremely well grown
specimens of Crotons, and certainly one of the finest
specimens of Alocasia Veitchii in the country, some
few Orchids, stove Ferns, and Eucharis amazonica
and Dracaenas, the climbers here being Allamandas,
Stephanotis, and Dipladenias, free from insects and
in luxuriant health generally. Peaches and Nec-
tarines occupy but one compartment, and that only
30 feet long, yet the most is made of the space, the
back wall being covered with two trees of Violette
Hative and Royal George Peaches, and the front
trellis with two Nectarines — Pine-apple and Elruge,
the state of which may best be described as being all
that the most exacting could wish. The three
Vineries were planted in March, 1S79, so that they
are now in full bearing, though as yet the super-
numeraries have not all been cut away ; but this will
soon have to be done, else the permanent Vines will
be crippled for want of space. The sorts in the
early house are Black Hamburgh, Mill Hill Ham-
burgh, Buckland Sweetwater, and Madresfield
Court — which last, strange to relate, never splits
here, and yet Mr. Molyneux takes no special pains
with it except to allow the laterals greater freedom
than he does the other sorts, and they are fine both
in bunch and berry, and have taken the first position
on several occasions at metropolitan and .other shows.
The Hamburghs, Bucklands, and Muscats, were all
at the head of the list in a large competition at the
Southampton show held on August 2 and 4 — a fact
which proves the general excellence of \*ine culture
as here practised.

From the central house in the range (a conservatory)
the middle walk through the kitchen garden starts,
on either side of which is a border some S feet wide,
filled with the best varieties of hardy herbaceous
perennials, and the proprietor being just as much
attached to this class of plants as to Chrysanthemums,
the collection is likely very soon to assume large
dimensions. At the bottom of this walk, and imme-

diitely contiguous to the entrance to the kitchen
garden, is what mrfy be described as the flower
garden proper, yet as unlike the generality of ordinary
flower gardens as it is possible to conceive.

The space is an oblong, perhaps 50 yards by 20,
the one side — next the wall of kitchen garden — being
bounded by a border of perennials ; the beds are on
ttuf, principally round, but there is no attempt at
uniformity of design, which, taking into account posi-
tion, is the great charm of the arrangement. The
beds are all planted with miscellaneous plants, one of
the most striking being Humea elegans, as standard
plants, underneath being Petunias, Pelargoniums,
tuberous Begonias, and Heliotropes. Another
arrangement, as simple as it was effective, was Acacia
lophantha and Perilla laciniata ; Castor - oils,
Tobaccos, Solanums, and Wigandias, are used as
sub-tropicals. The pleasure grounds are small, but
are laid out with taste, and the planting has been
judiciously done. There is a bit of everything, and
that bit in its right place. There are fifty varieties
of flowering shrubs — evergreen and deciduous— which
would be no mean number for grounds twice as ex-
tensive, and where the soil is of a better description
than it is there— a stiff loam, and chalk at 6 feet from
the surface ; consequently the beds for Rhododen-
drons, Kalmias, Heaths, and Azaleas, had to be
specially prepared — and well this work must have
been done, for there is not a taint or tinge in any of
the plants to betoken the presence of chalk in the
soil. With respect to hardy fruit culture and kitchen
gardening, it must suffice to say, that both branches
are equally as well done as the departments noticed,
\V. Wildsmith.

of planting Cabbages. On one point we must take
exception to Mr. Besant, and that is where he saj's,
the observation of things around us has no part in
ordinary professional and commercial life, it has
nothing at all to do with success and the making of
money. To this we entirely demur, for is it not
obvious that one secret of success lies in this very
faculty of profiting by observation of common things ?

OBSERVATION.

In the course of a lecture on the " Art of Fiction "
Mr. Eesant remarks : —

" Fidelity can be only assured by acquiring the art of
observation, whicli further assists in filling the mind with
stored experience. I am quite sure that most men never
see anything at all. I have known men who have even
gone all round the world and seen nothing — no, nothing
at all. Emerson says, very truly, that a traveller takes
away nothing from a place except what he brought into
it. Now, the observation of things around us is no part
of the ordinary professional and commercial life ; it has
nothing at all to do with success and the making of
money ; so that we do not learn to observe. Yet it is
very easy to shake people and make them open their
eyes. Some of us remember, for instance, the time when
KiNGSLEY astonished everybody with his descriptions of
the wonders to be seen on the seashore and to be fished
out of every pond in the field. Then all the world began
to poke about the seaweed and to catch tritons and keep
water-grubs in little tanks. It was only a fashion,
and it presently died out ; but it did people good,
because it made them understand, perhaps for the first
time, that there really is a good deal more to see than
meets the casual eye. At present the lesson which we
need is not that the world is full of the most strange
and wonderful creatures, all eating each other perpetually,
but that the world is full of the most wonderful men and
women, not one of whom is mean or common, but to
each his own personality is a great and awful thing,
worthy of the most serious study. There are, then,
abundant materials waiting to be picked up by any one
who has the wit to see them lying at his feet and all
around him. What is next required is the power of
selection. Can this be taught ? I think not — at least,
I do not know how, unless it is by reading. In every
art, selection requires that kind of special fitness for the
art which is included in the much-abused word 'genius.'
In fiction the power of selection requires a large share
of the dramatic sense. Those who already possess this
faculty will not go wrong if they bear in mind the simple
rule that nothing should be admitted which does not
advance the story, illustrate the characters, bring into
stronger reUef the hidden forces which act upon them,
their emotions, their passions, and their intentions. All
descriptions which hinder instead of helping the action,
all episodes of whatever kind, all conversation which
does not either advance the story or illustrate the charac-
ters, ought to be rigidly suppressed."

We have cited this passage because, although it was
intended to apply primarily to the art of constructing
readable novels, yet it applies with due qualification
to the business of life in general, inclusive of the in-
diting of letters to newspapers. Careful observation
of facts, and selection of what are relevant, and the
omission of v/hat are unimportant, or at least
irrelevant, are special requisites for every one who has
a story to tell, even if it be only as to the best method

J40]V1E ;f ORRf:?PO;^DEJMCE.

Potato Disease.— One of the most appalling
phases of the literature of this subject is the numerous
blunders that are made in attributing opinions to
individuals. " A. D," now writes once more,
on p. 214, that I seera "determined to remain un-
convinced of the fact that the disease spores enter
Totatos through the skin." No one has written
more plainly and persistently than I have to the ell'ect
that the spores of the Potato fungus are easily able to
pierce both stem and tuber. Sec my painfully distinct
remarks on p. 796, Gar-icncrs' Chronicle, Dec. 22,
1SS3. What I maintain, and what is perfectly well
known, and denied by none, is, that the fungus of the
Potato disease lives within the tissues of the host
plant ; the mycelium cannot live outside, it grows
luxuriantly only in the softest and loosest interior
parts of the leaves and stems. I therefore say from
experience that the disease more frequently reaches
the tubers by descending the soft moist interior of the
stem, than by piercing from the outside the hard
haulm and tuber. In replying to *' A. D." once
before {Gardeners^ Chronicle, Dec. 29, 1SS3), I wrote :
— " 'A. D.' must remember that the fungus can either
pierce the tuber from within outwards, or from out-
side to in." At the conclusion of the paragraph last
week "A. D." adopts this teaching as his own, in
assumed opposition to imaginary views foisted on to
me. iV, G, Smith,

Rubus chamaemorus. — With reference to this
rare and interesting native Bramble, Mr. Nesbitt (p.
214) is wrong in stating that it occurs only on a few
of the higher mountains in Scotland, as it is also
found, though sparingly, along the Snowdonian range
of hills in Wales. I also see from Lentham that it
extends into England and Ireland. Another rare and
rather pretty member of this family is R. saxatilis —
a plant which I have frequently met with in the
county of Carnarvon. It seems to prefer stony frag-
ments amongst which to grow, and probably also a
maritime situation. A. D. Webster,

Runner Beans. — With so very dry a seasonandone
therefore hardly favourable to growth, and with such
very unusual heat that the bloom on the Beans falls
wholesale, it is indeed a strange comment upon the
oft heard urgent entreaties to grow more vegetables to
learn that Runner Beans are so abundant that they
hardly pay to market. With Peas past, and all other
vegetables. Marrows and Potatos almost alone ex-
cepted, somewhat scarce, it is indeed surprising to
hear that Runner Beans, the most favoured and
popular of all late summer vegetables, should be com-
paratively little in request. It is difficult to say
whether this very low price results from the excessive
abundance of Beans just now or whether it is due to
the indifference of those who should be considerable
consumers. We hear of hundreds of bushels of really
good fresh Beans selling at \s. per bushel, and some
growers who were less fortunate getting only ^d. per
bushel. It need hardly be said that such prices cannot
pay, indeed they fairly start'e gmwersout of their pro-
priety ; for at least one-half of this amount is absorbed
in paying for the gathering. But this example is but
one of constant occurrence, for we learn on all sides
that a fairly general good crop of anything always
means something akin to a glut in the London market.
There is too much reason to fear that with our present
limited range of markets, growers of vegetables and
fruits are very much in the hands of dealers and
shopkeepers, because we so seldom learn that con-
sumers benefit by the reduced prices. The coster-
monger who retails for the poorer classes, waits
patiently till the superior buyer has got his needs sup-
plied and then secures his goods when prices are at
the lowest ebb, and as his rule of business is found in
the old maxim, Small profits and quick returns, his
customers, as a rule, are far more fairly dealt with
than are those of the shopkeeper or more pretentious
greengrocer. D, N,

Lifting and Storing
kinds of Potatos are not
high time early sorts were
left in longer there will
tubers stand a chance of
they escape that malady,
sprout after the first rain,
like a hotbed, and will

Potatos. — Although late
yet ready for lifting, it is

out of the ground, for if
be a double risk, as the
becoming diseased, and if

they are almost sure to
as the ground will then be
force them to grow. In

248

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 18

digging them up, the greatest care should be taken
not to injure the skins, or bruise the Potatos in any
way, as injuries of these kinds interfere with their
keeping. To prevent either of the mishaps men-
tioned it is a good plan to just shake the tubers out
of the earth, and let them lie on the land for a few
hours to harden before handling, by doing which, and
so exposing them, the skins set, when the Potatos
may be picked up, and at once carried away to
the place where they are to be stored. An
airy shed is the best situation, and there they
should be spread out singly on shelves, or strewn
thinly on the floors till the autumn, when
all of the kidney kinds ought to be stood on end in
boxes having lath bottoms, which boxes may then be
placed one above the other if they are kept a few
inches apart for the air to pass through. This will
prevent any drawing of the young shoots when they
form in the spring, and instead of a weakly growth
then, the tubers will burst strong, and, if planted in
good soil, yield a fine crop. With regard to the late
sorts, it is fortunate that they are yet free from dis-
ease, but should that dread scourge attack them it
will be as well to take up the most forward, as they
will only become more affected by being left, for when
once the murrain seizes them it is surprising with
what rapidity it spreads, and how quickly it gets down
to the Potatos, which, though they may not show spot
immediately, soon develope the rot and become of no
value for using. J, S.

Rhubarb Cultivation.— Any one accustomed to
note the changes of cropping carried on in some of the
market gardens adjacent to London, will find that
Rhubarb is taking a leading position as a market
garden crop, and that the area of its growth is extend-
ing in gardens where it has been grown for some time
past. Two varieties appear to be cultivated, viz., the
Early Scarlet and the Victoria, the last named suc-
ceeding the spring variety. New plantations are made
in the autumn. The soil is deeply ploughed or dug,
and heavily manured ; the roots of all old plantations
are lifted and cut to pieces in a rough and ready
fashion. So long as a piece of root has an eye, it does
not in the least matter that it is destitute of fibre, and
these are planted in lines at certain distances apart.
Rhubarb is generally planted in fairly light soils ; if it
be too stiff, clayey, and retentive, it does not answer
so well, because it makes a difference in the earliness
of the crop. This is a very important matter,
and therefore plantations are generally made in
the open, in full exposure to the sun, and
where there is some shelter from the north.
The first year after planting but a spare growth is
made, and though the lines are wide no other crop
is planted, though this was done more frequently years
ago. The second year the plants afford a fair
picking, and in doing so some leave nothing but the
flower-stem to draw up the sap, until the last pulling
takes place, and then the flower-stems are removed.
Now-a-days growers do not, as a rule, pull off every
stalk, on the ground that it materially injures the
plants to do so, holding the opinion [a correct one] that
leaves and flower-stems are in a great measure formed
out of the matter that was stored up in the roots the
previous year, and if they be cut off without allowing
them to restore to the root that which they have
taken from it, a weaker growth will result the follow-
ing year. The ground in which Rhubarb is grown is
thoroughly cleaned and dug during the autumn and
early winter ; and in spring, as soon as the eyes swell
and show signs of activity, a thick coating of long
stable manure is placed over the whole of the ground
and roots, and as growth is made this is carried up
by the ascending leaves and forms an excellent
protection from frost and cold winds, besides
hastening the growth. Rhubarb appears to find
a ready sale ; when fresh it is wholesome, and
greatly relished, and it appears to matter but
little how largely it may be produced, it finds
a ready sale. Manure is the principal item in its cul-
ture, and as the market waggons load back from
London with this, it is not an expensive production to
the grower. It is such a strong growing succulent
plant that the very strongest manures suit it tho-
roughly. The duration of a plantation depends
upon the soil in which it is growing and the treat-
ment given to it. In our best managed market gar-
dens a plantation will yield fine marketable stalks for
ten or twelve years, and even more ; as soon, how-
ever, as the plants show signs of giving out a new
breadth should be prepared. R, D.

Bees, Apricots, and Wasps.— Whether hive
bees are short of their natural food or not I do not
know, but certain it is that they have attacked the
Apricots in the most voracious manner, as dozens of
them may be seen on a single fruit, and they swarm
over the trees, giving off their busy hum as they move
about, foraging and collecting the sweet nectar to
carry off to fill up their comb. It is trying enough
when one has to fight wasps, but it is doubly so with
bees. To take harsh measures towards them is pain-
ful, but when they keep up their persistent onslaught

something has to be done. Can they be coaxed or
turned aside in any way, by feeding, for the time
being, or will they cease to visit the fruit walls after
rain, and how is it they all find out where to come ?
Perhaps some experienced apiarian will answer these
questions and tell us how they communicate with each
other, for that they do so seems clear, or they could not
find out and come in such shoals as they do when
there is anything good to be had. It is the same
with wasps, as I have followed them quite half a mile
when we have had a quantity of Gooseberries, Morello
Cherries, and other outdoor fruit hanging ; and after
finding ther nests, I have stood and seen them going
out from the hole straight off to the garden, to which
rich feeding ground the bulk of them always seemed
wending their way. It may be that with their keen
sight they follow one another, and that their flight is
guided by those that go home the most loaded. No
doubt their scent is as acute as their vision ; anyhow,
by some means or other, they are led to rich pastures.
There is only one person near here for miles who
keeps bees, and as he lives within 300 yards of the
Apricot wall I am not surprised at his bees visiting us,
for during these hot sunny days the air must be full of
odour given off by the fruit, which the bees are able
to sniff" in when out on the wing, and the same with the
tiresome wasps. Fortunately they are few at present,
but now that the air is so hot and the ground the
same, they will, I fear, hatch out in great numbers,
and be a source of much trouble for the rest of the
autumn. If the nests can be found they are easily
dealt with, as a plug of wadding wetted with turps
and pushed tightly into the hole will soon settle
matters by stifling the lot. Tar, too, poured in and
the hole blocked after answers the same purpose, and
so does also the malodorous carbolic acid. Squibs
made with sulphur and powder will quiet them for a
time if fired into their nests, and while they are in a
stupefied state they may be dug out and destroyed.
Night must be chosen for the work, as then they are
all home, but as they have guards placed at the mouth
of the hole to give the alarm it is necessary to
approach cautiously, or they will issue forth to the
attack, when it is only common prudence to pop the
light out and beat a hasty retreat, leaving them till
some future time. Besides destroying every nest
that can be found traps in the shape of bottles baited
with beer and sugar ought to be placed about by
hanging them in trees on the walls or fruit bushes
where the wasps frequent ; by doing which their num-
bers may be greatly thinned, and many queens caught
as these get out to gorge and disport themselves before
coiling up for the winter. Not only are we particular
to get as many of these as we can during the autumn,
but we pay for them in the spring, and by so doing
numbers that would have nests near are destroyed.
When the winters are of unusual severity wasps do
not appear to increase in the same degree as is
remarked after those of a mild character, so that the
plague of wasps this year may be attributable to the
mildness of the last two winters. J. Sheppard,

Bladder Ketmia.— Why is the old Hibiscus
Trionum, which was shown at the meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday and certifi-
cated, called the Bladder Ketmia ? Under this name
it will be found in some of the wholesale seed lists,
and there it is spoken of as bearing ornamental seed-
pods. An old name for it is the Venice Mallow, and
seeing that it was introduced from Italy many years
ago, this designation can be readily understood.
This is in all probability the plant which Gerard in
his j%r(5a/ termed "Flowers of an Hour, " for they are
of short duration, seldom continuing more than half a
day. It is a plant that makes fleshy roots, that go
down right into the soil, and therefore should not be
transplanted if it can be avoided ; and it is much
better to sow the seeds where the plants are to stand.
Probably the character of the calyx led to the bestowal
of the name — Bladder Ketmia — and by some it is
included under the old and no longer retained genus
Ketmia. R. D

Everlasting Peas.— There are few perennials of
more value than these, as not only are they very
showy, but they afford no end of gatherings for the
flower basket, and dress well and last long in water.
The white one is specially useful, as the lovely clear
racemes of bloom come in splendidly for wreaths and
bouquets, in either of which they work up beautifully,
and look as pure and chaste as anything that can be
had. The most suitable place to grow them is at the
back of wide borders in the foreground of shrubs,
where, if they are properly supported, they have a
most striking effect. The way to keep tliem erect
and prevent their being blown about is to use light
tree guards, up which the plants climb and twine,
and furnish in a light easy manner. Stout Pea-
sticks, driven well into the ground, will also afford
them a hold, or they may be planted in semi-wild
positions, and allowed to ramble about in their own
natural manner. So strong and robust are they, that
they may be grown in a live hedge, scrambling over
and about which they look quite at home, as their

numerous branches run here and there, and fasten
themselves on anything that comes in their way. To
get the most out of them in borders, or when grown
for the supply of cut flowers, the ground where they
are to be planted should be deeply trenched, as so
much depends on their getting their roots well down
in enabling them to keep on blooming and to stand
the dry weather. A mulching does much in assisting
them to do this, and it is also a great help it they get
the pods picked off, as nothing is so exhausting to
plant life as the carrying and perfecting of seed. If it
is desired to raise or propagate plants, the seeds may
be sown anywhere outdoors, as soon as ripe, in the
positions intended for them to stand ; or old clumps
divided, and pieces got by the partition planted at
once. The best time to divide is in the spring, just
as the plants are beginning to start, as then the
severed parts take new roots, and quickly become
quite established. J. S.

Smut in Primula farinosa. — In most parts o(
my garden Primula farinosa produces in the seed cap-
sule smut instead of seed, but on some plants good
seed is ripened. I cannot refer the difference to any
obvious cause, but cannot find in any case good seed
and smut on the same plant. A head from Munstead,
stated to be from "a dry alpine garden," shows
nothing in the seed-pods but smut. Is this due to a
fungus analogous to that which produces smut in
Wheat ? C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas.

Nigella damascena.— Any one with a partiality
for blue flowers should grow this charming hardy
annual. It was met with in an old-fashioned Kentish
garden a few days ago, where it seeds itself, and is
produced annually in large patches, and blooms with
great freedom. The flowers are produced in rather
long slender stems, and they are very useful for plac-
ing in the base of an epergne and in other ways. It
should be allowed to grow where the seeds are sown,
and then it does better than when transplanted. It is
known as the garden Fennel-flower, Love in a Mist,
and Devil in a Bush, though the last appears to be
quite a misnomer. R. D.

Peas at Loughcrew. — A trial of early Peas was
made here in spring by Mr. Taylor, with the follow-
ing result : — Eleven varieties were sown on the same
border on April 8 ; American Wonder and Veitch's
Selected Early were ready for use on June 4; Earliest
of All, June 9 ; Ringleader and William I, four or five
days later. W. J. Ireland, Kelts.

Invigorating Influence of Light on Plants. —
The necessity of light to cultivated plants is so often
urged that the injunction is in danger of being looked
on as a hackneyed precept ; yet we venture to say
that of all essentials in the routine of plant culture
under glass there are none so imperfectly realised —
under glass we repeat, for as regards the thousand and
one things which are grown in the open air the dif-
ference that only a very slight want of light makes to
almost any plant so situated so soon becomes ap-
parent when it is compared with others of its kind
that receive their wonted quota, that the effects are
too manifest to require insisting upon. It is only by
noting the immense superiority of growth now
and then to be seen in individual plants that
by the intelligence of the cultivator, or, in not
a lew cases, by accident, have received a more
than ordinary amount of light as compared with
others of their kind grown under conditions
of light such as usually looked upon as sufficient, that
we can realise to the full the amount of light which
most things grown under glass enjoy. The immense
influx of new plants that has taken place of late years
from countries that differ essentially in their tempera-
ture has compelled cultivators to so far make a com-
promise in the treatment of many as to subject them
to more or to less heat than they like. Many plants
thrive indifferently if the temperature they are kept in
during their season of growth is less than they get in
their native country, consequently the cultivator often
finds himself compelled to choose between keeping a
portion of the inmates of his houses warmer than is
their wont, or to discard them altogether. It is in
the many cases of this kind that occur that light can
be made to act as a compensator to neutralise the
otherwise injurious effects of the superabundance of
heat thus unavoidably given would have. That
light, when present in sufficient volume, has this
influence can scarcely fail to have been noticed by
any one who has had much to do with the cultiva-
tion of heat-requiring plants, yet that the lesson which
practice thus teaches is far from being so generally
acted on as it might be is evident. A specimen of
Cephalotus follicularis, grown in a hot stove in Mr,
Schloss' garden, is an evidence in point of the
extremely vigorous condition which a plant may be
kept in by subjecting it to the fullest exposure to
light, even when grown in more heat than requisite
for its well-being. The plant in question is kept con-
tinuously stood on a shelf run across the end of the
house, high up, midway between the ridge and the
wall-plnte, so that the pot touches the glass. Here

August 23, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

249

the largest pitchers have attained a size of i\ inches
in length, with the dark ebony colour that is an
evidence of its vigorous condition, and which could
not long be kept up in so much heat if stood at a
distance from the light, such as it is usually kept at.
Where plants of almost any kind are subjected to
more warmth than they require — a condition which
the mixed character of our plant-houses often neces-
sitates with some or other o( the occupants — the
injury that would otherwise follow will usually be
corrected by an increased amount of light. T. B.

Impatiens Sultani. — I should much like to learn
the experience of growers of this pretty Balsam as to
its seeding capacities. I have found it easy enough
to raise plants Irom seed even without heat, and have
bloomed them capitally even in 48-sized pots, but no
seed-pods follow. Perhaps the heat has been too
great under glass, but on that head I cannot say
more, except thai the plants seemed to like it. In any
case, and to try diverse treatment, I have stood the
plants in a partly shaded place outdoors, but cannot
yet tell what results will follow. It is a very charm-
ing decorative plant, is easily grown, and has a neat
habit, so that if seed were freely obtained it should
become presently as widely grown and as popular as
the common Balsam. A. D,

Aphis and Resting-spore. — On p. 150 Mr.
Plovvright incorrectly states that a few years ago I
illustrated an aphis in ihe Gardeners' Chronicle "with
a resling-spore in its leg." Allow me to say that this
is wrong, (or in the illustration referred to the resting-
spore is distinctly shown outside of, and quite free
from the leg of the insect. Spores may, however, be
commonly seen within the bodies of transparent
insects ; they are taken up by the insects with the
juices of the plants on which they feed. If any
persons wish to compare side by side authentic
examples of the little transparent fugitive, Pythium
vexans, adverted to byMr. Plowright — a fungus which
perfects itself in twenty-four hours, or at most a day
two — with the very much larger, brownish, persistent
oospores of Peronospura infestans, which take a year
or sometimes two years to reach maturity, they can
do^ so at any time at the Department of Botany,
British Museum, South Kensington, where a good
microscope is available. W. G. Smith,

Lisianthus Russellianus. — This really hand-
some greenhouse plant is not grown nearly so often
as it ought to be ; indeed, it is very seldom seen in
flower anywhere, which is much to be regretted, as it
is so uselul to aid in furnishing the greenhouse in
August with flowers, distinct in colour and character
from anything else. It may also be some recommen-
dation in its favour that the flowers last well afier
they are cut. It belongs to the natural order Gen-
tianaceas, and was discovered fifty years ago by the
botanical traveller Drummond in Texas, who stated
that it was "not excelled in beauty by any plant."
That is a statement I cannot endorse, but it is a plant
that most tasteful people admire, as it is quite unique
in its handsome glaucous foliage and erect stems, on
which are borne on terminal panicles its large, rich
purple flowers, in form like that of the Tulip. I
rnay say that it is not one of the easiest plants to cul-
tivate ; it will not thrive so well as a Calceolaria or
Pelargonium ; in fact, if it received the same treat-
ment, probably all the plants would die. It is a green-
house plant in summer, but will notlive and thrive with
greenhouse treatment in winter. The seeds ought to be
sown in August, being of very small size. They must
not be covered deeply. Sandy peat is a good compost j
a pot should be filled up to wi;hin halt an inch of the
rim with this, and on it the seeds may be sown, just
covering them with fine sand. The pot should be
placed on a shelf near the glass in a cool stove or in-
termediate house ; and the seeds ought to be kept
moist by a closely fitting square of glass ; a sheet of
paper may also be laid over the glass when the sun
shines. The soil should be kept moist by dipping the
pot two-thirds of its depth for about halt a minute in
a pail of rain-water. When the plants are large
enough, prick them off, three in a small 60-sized por,
still keeping them close to the glass. The plants,
especially while they are in heat, do not like expo-
sure to the sun. The seeds may now be sown, in
order that the plants may be well established before
the winter. They would flower next year in July and
August. Has any one succeeded in growing and
flowering L. princeps, described in the Journal of the
Royal Horticultural Society thirty-two years ago ? I
saw seeds of it sold some years since at Stevens'
auction rooms ; it must be a splendid plant. I would
like to know if good seeds can be obtained ; it might
be grown with L. Russellianus. J. Douglas.

Root-pruning Apples and Pears. — Full-sized
standards with their roots unrestricted and their
branches little interfered with, beyond needful thinning
out, will no doubt continue to be the form of tree
to afford the great bulk of the fruit consumed by
the population, but, for both use and ornament, bush-

shaped trees are tolerably certain to find a place, as
hitherto, on the sides of walks and round the quarters
of most vegetable gardens ; and unless where these
are on stocks that have a dwarfing influence they
require to be especially dealt with, to enable their
being kept within due limits and in a fruitful condititm.
This can be best eflected by root-pruning, and the
question that next arises is at what time of the year
can the operation be best carried out ? Experience
proves that it may be done at any time from when the
summer's growth is about completing — that is, when
the current year's shoots cease to elongate, up to the
time when the buds begin to move, which latter
is necessarily earlier or later according to the open or
severe character of the winter. Any interference
with the roots after the bud movement has begun, it
is needless to say, is injurious. After experimenting
with this kind of work during a series of years on
trees that had attained a size of from S to 12 feet in
height, and in too vigorous a condition to have
formed more than a very few fruit-buds, we have reli-
able evidence that from the middle of August
to the middle of September is the best time.
When the root -pruning is pffected thus early,
whilst the leaves are fresh and full of vitality,
the q'lantity of fruit-buds produced the summer
following is considerably in excess of that in
which the pruning is deferred until after the leaves
have fallen, or are about to fall. In strong, heavy
soils, when the ground is dry and hard, the work
entails more labour, but this is amply compensated
for by the greater progress in bud formation. With
trees that are carrying some fruit, but are still too
vigorous to bear satisfactorily, the pruning should be
deferred until the fruit is gathered. T. B.

Stroud Horticultural : August 6, 7, and 8. —
The advent ol the Gloucestershire Agricultural Society
at Stroud, after an absence of fourteen years {during
which time this usually quiet little town has been
harassed by political squabbles) suggested the happy
thought of holding the annual exhibition of the Horti-
cultural Society in conjimction therewith. Nothing
could have answered better ; the idea was taken up with
acclamation, and carried out with the utmost spirit.
The union of the two societies was not, as in very many
instances, all to the advantage of the greater, poor Hor-
ticulture having to go the wall as a minor interest ; but
here all seemed in unison, all working tor a common
end — to make this meeting at Stroud a genuine success.
No more beautiful or appropriate spot, even in this
charming valley of Stroud, could have been selected to
hold such an exhibition ; the surprise to us being that
sucli a tine park as that of Stratford Park, with its fine
stately trees, &c., should have been obtainable for such
a purpose, which is certainly not calculated to improve
places. Be that as it may, the Horticultural Society of
Stroud was more than fortunate by securing the very
best position close to the entrance. Here, in one mar-
quee, Irom 200 to 300 (eet in length, a highly creditable
display of the horticultural products ot the district were
arranged, the prizes offered in the schedule, which was fairly
comprehensive, being well competed for. To ourmind the
arrangement of the exhibits would have been improved
by abolishing the cumbrous and expensive staging
erected in the centre of the tent, and placing the plants
on the green grass, after the manner so effectively carried
out at most of the suburban horticultural meetings.
Staging is only requisite for fruits, vegetables, cut
flowers, and small plants.

When it is stated that Mr. J. Cypher of The Nurserie's,
Cheltenham, put forth his strength, it will be understood
that the plants staged were of no common order. His
collection of nine stove or greenhouse plants in
bloom, and six ornamental foliage plants, for which the
premier prizes were awarded, were as splendid examples
of good cultivation as have been seen at any autumn
exhibition. Ferns were strongly represented, and most
ol the collections in very fine condition. Mrs. Frith was
placed ist, and her gardener, Mr. Wilkinson, deserves
very much credit ; Mr. J. Cypher 2d. "

The prizes for the collection of plants arranged for
ornamental grouping in a space 15 feet by 6 feet were
well contested for, Mr. Cypher coming in 1st with a very
fine group ; 2d, Mr. D. Bloodworth ; 3d, Mrs. Frith.
How much more effective these would have appeared
had they been placed in semicircular groups on the
green turf ! Begonias were wondrously good, the
plants large and well grown. Mrs. Frith being
placed 1st for six varieties, Mr. A. Little 2d, and
Messrs, Price iS: Son 3d, the latter representing
by far the better qualitv, although inferior in point
of culture. In the class for three varieties Mrs.
Frith was again placed ist. Zonal Pelargoniums,
or "Geranium^ for bedding," as the schedule styled
them, were a very good class, the plants strong, healthy,
and well flowered. A few very good Gloxinias were
exhibited, the best coming from Major Fisher. Fuchsias
were not of any merit ; it seems strange that more atten-
tion is not paid to the cultivation of specimen Fuchsias :
no plants better repay attention given or are more orna-
mental during autumn. Cut flowers, which were shown
in considerable variety and number, call for no special
notice, the excessive heat seeming to take all freshness

out of them. This will not apply to the truly charming
stands of Roses exhibited by Messrs. lefferies, of Ciren-
cester. Messrs. Cranston, of Hereford, and others.

The display of FiiUiT was on the whole very good,
Grapes especially so, the ist prize for four varieties going
to the Duke of Beaufort's gardener, Mr. Nash, for fine
examples of Gros Colmar, Alicante, Muscat of Alexan-
dria, and Black Hamburgh. Black Hamburghs were well
sliown in their special class, and the Muscats were ex-
tremely well coloured. Peaches were particularly large
and fine, also Apricots and Currants. The collections of
fruits, six varieties, were displayed in square trays or
boxes, and presented anything but an inviting
appearance,

Vegi-:tabli:s were shown in strong force, and exceed-
ingly good for so dry a season, Tomatos in pots forming
quite a feature, over thirty large plants laden with fine
fruit being exhibited, the ist prize for six plants going
to Mr. G, Holloway. Potatos were also well represented,
and the cottagers' productions all that could be desired,
A Correspondent.

Eastbourne Horticultural Society : August
13.— The annual show of this Suciety was held, by the
kind permission of Mr. and Lady Fanny Howard, in the
grounds of Compton Place, on the date above given. A
lietter position could not possibly be chosen, wherein to
hold a show, than these charming grounds, the pleasure
grounds, too, having been thrown open by the family for
the occasion. One band was stationed therein, and
pbyed at intervals during the afternoon to a numerous
company, Ihe nature of these grounds, as well as their
beautifully undulating character and well kept condition,
contributed in no small manner to render this gathering
a most enjoyable one. It is seldom such fine specimens
of ornamental trees are met with so near the sea, as are
to be found here. The grounds are certainly screened
in no small measure from damage by severe gales, yet
one might imagine himself many miles inland, rather
than within a lew minutes walk of the seaside. East-
bourne stands almost unrivalled as a health resort. No
watering-place in the kingdom is to be compared with it
in the possession of terraces along the sea front; these
extend for nearly 3 miles, and their further extension
still is, we believe, contemplated. The drainage and
sanitary arrangements are unique, whilst the water
supply, which is without limit, is of the best quality.
Eastbourne, too, is well known for the discriminadon that
was exercised in years gone by, and also in the present,
by planting trees on either side of the chief thoroughfares.
These trees have thriven exceedingly, and are fast be-
coming an embellishment to the town, besides affording
a delightful promenade during the summer months, not
to be found in any other watering place around the coast.
The town is greatly indebted for these judicious arrange-
ments to his Grace the Duke of Devonshire, undtr the
designs and able superintendence of his agent, G. A.
Wallis, Esq., C.E., the present Mayor of the borough.

The show on this occasion occupied four marquees of
good dimensions, and the schedule being a Hberal one,
produced a lively competition in the chief classes. In
the open class for stove and greenhouse plants Mr.
Gilbert, Hastings, was easily ist with eight specimens
as fresh as could be shown, and with no really weak
plant in the lot, the finest being a splendid example of
cultivation of Erica a;mula. about 4I feet in diameter,
and one mass of flower. This was backed up with a
well bloomed globular bush of Bougainvillea glabra
having bracts of unusually deep colour, Statice imbri-
cata var. Gilbertii— a fine form of this plant being also
highly coloured. Erica Aitoni turgida, Allamanda
nobilis, and A. Hendersoni were also noteworthy plants.
Mr. Tudgey, of Waltliam Cross, was 2d with a good
eight, among which was a grand plant of Erica Eweriana
superba, some 5 feet through. This fine autumn Heath
deserves more recognition than it now receives, and in
the hands of our best growers could, no doubt, be turned
to as good an account as Erica hyemalis. Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum was also very fresh in this collection.
In the 3d prize collection, from Mr, Rann, of Hand-
cross Park, there was also another Heath denot-
ing high-class culture — E. cerinthoides coronata,
the example shown wanting another week or two
to perfectly develope its showy trusses of bloom.
In the following class, from which trade growers were
excluded, Mr. Gore, gr. to Captain Taylor, was placed
1st, having profusely flowered plants of Allamanda Hen-
dersoni, very fine ; Stephanoiis floribunda, and Kalo-
santhes coccinea, both alike good ; the 2d prize falling to
a more even lot of plants, though none equalled those
just named; these were shown by Mr. lupp. gr. to
Geo, Boulton, Esq., Torfield.

For fine-foliaged plants Mr. Rann was easily ist, with
well known examples of first-class culture, Thrinax
elegans, of grand proportions, combined with Latania
borbonica of similar extent, and well coloured large
specimens of Croton Andreanus, C. interruptus, and C.
anguslifohus (the latter much finer in colour than it is
usually seen), to make a most effective central group.
Mr. Tudgey was 2d with a smaller lot, the best plants of
which were Cocos Weddelliana, Thrinax elegans, and
Kentia Forsteriana among Palms, and a fresh healthy
plant of Cordyhne indivisa. In the 3d prize collection,
from Mr. Jupp, were two extraordinarily well coloured
plants, not over large, of Croton Queen Victoria and C.
majesticus. For eight Ferns Mr. Rann was again ist,
with well grown plants of Cyathea dealbata, very fresh ;
Dicksonia antarctica, good ; and dense bushes of Glei-
chenia rupestris gigantea and G. rupestris glaucescens,
Davallia Mooreana also being a fine plant. Mr. Gilbert
following with a well-grown collection, among which
was a fine plant of Balantium culcita, very rarely seen in
an exhibition group. In the class for six Ferns was

250

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 18

also another example seldom seem, and in fine health,
too, of Goniophlebium subauriculalum, with fronds
9 to 10 feet in length, Mr. Gore being the exhibitor.
For Ericas Mr. Tudgey was ist, and Mr. Gilbert 2d,
the latter exhibitor showing small plants, but with
remarkably fine heads of bloom.

In another tent were staged some exceedingly well
flowered plants of Fuchsias, in every way praiseworthy,
the ist and 2d collections being in very close order of
merit — Mr. Tiggs, gr. to the Lady Superior at All Saints'
Hospital, taking the former, and Mr. Wise, gr. to Major
Holroyd, the latter pjsition — Alba coccinea, marginata,
erecta var. Novelty, and Rose of Castille were the best,
tlie first-named variety being of most striking effect and
Tery fioriferous. The class tor Achimenes brought forth
also two collections of very close order of merit, remind-
ing one of what used to be seen some years back in the
cultivation of this useful genus. Mr. Wise was ist, with
a good selection, the same exhibitor taking the \*x posi-
tion with Gloxinias, having fine blooms. Two very neat
" groups " were shown in the class devoted to the same,
but room was seen for improvement in this class in the
matter of lightness and finish. Mr. Gore took the ist
position. In cut flowers some good competition was
brought forth. For Roses Messrs. Woollard took ist in
the open class, and Mr. Slaughter, of Steyning, two ists
in the amateur classes, the latter exhibitor being strong
in Tea-scented kinds. Miscellaneous boxes of cut
fjowers were well shown, and classes, too, were provided
for annuals and herbaceous plants, which brought out
some good exhibits.

The Fruit classes were the weakest part of the show
some fine Peaches were, however, shown by Mr. Hop-
kins, gr. to R. Thornton, Esq., High Cross, Framfield ;
and large examples of Cherries (Morello) by Mr. Wise-
From Mr. M'Leod came some fine fruits of Jargonelle
Pears ; and Mr. Russell, ol Lillington Pleasure Gardens,
showed seventeen dishes of Apples of good quality.

Messrs. Scott & Co., nurserymen, of Eastbourne,
staged a miscellaneous collection of useful decorative
plants ; and in the same tent were set forth the exhibits
by the cottagers. These were most creditable in every
way, and the committee will do well to encourage this
department of the exhibition as much as possible. They,
too, are most fortunate in having the practical experience
of Messrs. Larkin, both as manager and hon sec. To
this gentlemen and the working committee every praise
is due for the way in which the arrangements were
carried out. J. H.

Taunton Deane Horticultural : August 14. —
Liberal prizes, with good management and the ability to
secure a large attendance of the public, go to make this
Society one of the most successful in the kingdom. At
this advanced time of the summer it is not possible to
have such a display of flowering plants as are forth-
coming at the principal shows in the spring, when
Azaleas and a large proportion of hard-wooded species
are in bloom, but it is no exaggeration to say that at
Taunton was seen such a display of skilfully managed
hard-wooded plants that it is in vain to look for else-
where, as several of the leading exhibitors always come
out in their greatest force with fresh groups composed of
specimens in which there is a total absence of the stale
admixture that often mars otherwise fine collections else-
where.

On the present occasion the flowering division was
represented In even finer condition than usual, a com-
paratively new exhibitor, Mr, Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleave,
Esq., Crediton, near Exeter, brought out such a number
of grandly flowered examples of hard-wooded plants as
would be difficult to match, thus clearing all before hira.
Nor was the fine-leaved section any way behind the
blooming division In point of excellence, if in nimibers,
whilst cut flowers, as they always are here, were in
abundance. Fruit also was well represented, not alone
the best sorts, such as Pines, Grapes, Peaches, Nectar-
ines, and Apricots, but also Apples, Plums, and other
common kinds, which this season are unfortunately the
reverse of plentiful in most localities. The large display
of fine vegetables showed that the long drought hasat aU
events not been felt in this part of the kingdom.

In the open Class for twelve stove and greenhouse
plants in bloom, for which prizes of £20, £i'2, and
£7 lof. were offered, there were three exhibitors, Mr.
Lock. gr. toR.W. Cleave, Esq., was ist, with a splendidly
flowered collection of even sized large specimens, averaging
quite 4 feet each in diameter, the meritorious feature in
the group being that there was not a plant in it that was
not a well grown example. They consisted of Erica
obbata purpurea, E. Marnockiana, E. Fairreana, E,
asmula, each profusely flowered ; Dipladenia amabilis
and D. hybrida, in beautiful condition ; Ixora Fraseri,
1. Williamsi, I. Prince of Orange, Allamanda Hender-
soni, Eucharis amazonica, and Stephanotis floribunda.
2d, Mr. ]. Cypher, Cheltenham, who had also a very
fine group, the best of which were Allamanda grandiflora.
Rhododendron Duchess of Edinburgh, Erica Austiniana,
E. cornuta, and a plant of H^emanthus magnificus, bear
ing fifteen unusually large heads of bloom. 3d, Mr.
J. F. Mould. With six stove and greenhouse plants,
ist, Mr. Lock, who staged here again a grand lot,
notably Erica tricolor Wilsoni, Lapageria rosea, pro-
iusely flowered ; and Ixora Duffii, bearing about a
score of immense trusses of its deep red bloom
and having a dense mass of deep green foliage. Mr. J.
Cypher, in whose excellent collection was Erica Macnab-
iana, unusually well bloomed,

Fern.s were well exhibited by Mr. Lock, who was an
pTsy ist in the class for eight, with large plants in fault-
\- s i condition of Nephrolepis davallioides furcans.

Davallia Mooreana, D. polyanlha, each from 8 to g
feet through ; Adiantum trapeziforme, Gleichenia
speluncas, 8 feet through ; Maraitia Cooperi, Cyathea
dealbita, and C. medullaris. 2d, Mr. J. Cypher, having
in a nice group. Neottopteris australasica. and the
scarce Aglaomorpha Meyeniana ; 3d, Mr. |. F. Mould.

Fine- FOLi AGED Plants.— These were splendidly
shown, ist, Mr. J. Cypher, with a nicely varied group,
well enlivened by the large densely- clothed and highly
coloured Crotons which it contained ; they consisted of
C. Queen Victoria, C. majesticus, C. anguslifoHus, and
were judiciously intermixed with large Palms and others,
including Cordyline indivisa on a 2-foot stem, bearing a
large spreading head ; 2d, Mr. Lock, who had a fine
collection, in which were Alocasia intermedia, 5 feet in
diameter ; Croton Disraeli and C. Welsmanni, beauti-
fully coloured ; and Encephalartos Vroomii, which had
three of its cone-like flower-stems pushing up : -id, Mr.
J. F. Mould. 6 H . J .

Orchids.— Of these Mr. J. Cypher was the only exhi-
bitor, taking the ist prize with Dendrobiuni formosum.
Cattleya crispa superba, Oncidlum Lanceanum, and
Saccolabium Blumei majus.

Fuchsias were remarkably well shown.— ist, Mr. H.
Godding with 7 feet pyramids, dense in foliage, and full
of flowers; 2d, Mr. F. Woodland, who also had well-
managed plants, smaller, but similar in shape.

Zonal Pelargoniums. — These were much more
natural in shape than now often met with at exhibitions ;
moderate in size and full of flower, they were far more
pleasing to look upon than the over-trained flat mon-
strosities too generally seen. For the best eight, ist, Mr.
Godding, who showed a well flowered set of plants ; 2d,
Mr. Jacobs. Eight nosegays. — ist, Mr, Godding ; 2d,
Mr. Jacobs. Eight double zonals. — ist, Mr. Godding ;
2d Mr. Jacobs. Elgin tricolors, four gold and four
silver. — ist. Mr. Godding, staging nicely coloured ex-
amples ; 2d, Mr. Tidbury.

Eight Begonias. — ist, Mr. Godding, who had wefl
flowered plants ; 2d, Mr. Jacobs.

Newly introduced plant in flower. — ist, Mr. J. Mar-
shall, Willi Anthuriiim Rothschildlanum ; 2d. Mr. Cypher,
with Cattleya Gaskelllana. Newly introduced foliage
plant. — ist, Mr. J. Cypher, with Croton Thomsoni, one
of the best and most distinct of all the large-leaved new
Crotons. Newly introduced hardy plant. — ist, Mr. |.
Marshall, with a nicely bloomed example of Montbretia
Pottsii.

In the amateurs' division, with twelve stove and green-
house plants, ist, Mr. Lock, with a nicely managed
dozen, the best of which were Erica anipullacea Barnesii,
Ixora coccinea, Allamanda Hendersoni, A. grandiflora,
Clerodendron Balfourianum, and Rondeletia brillianii.--
sima, all well-flowered ; 2d, Mr. J. Paine. Six stove and
greenhouse plants. — Here again Mr. Lock was ist, with
nice plants, amongst which were Ixora Williamsli, Erica
tricolor Wilsoni, E. [acksoni, and Bougainvillea glabra ;
2d, Mr. E, E. Bryant. Four stove and greenhouse
plants. — ist, Mr. Thomas, gr. to W. G. Marshall, Esq. ;
2d, Mr. E. E. Bryant. For six fine-foliage plants — ist.
Mr. Lock, who had a pretty group ot Croton Prince of
Wales and Alocasia Thibauliana, both very effective ;
2d, Mr. E. E. Bryant. Six Ferns. — ist, Mr. Lock,
who here likewise staged well-grown examples, the best
of which were Adiantum cardiochlasna, Davallia Moore-
ana, D. Tyermanniand Gleichenia Mendeli ; 2d, Mr. E.
E. Bryant. Fuchsias in this division were also well shown :
ist, the Rev. A. Elston, with six ; 2d, Mr. Woodland.
Four Selaginellas. — 1st, Mr. Lock, with fresh, densely
furnished plants of S. Wallichil, S. umbrosa, S. Wilde-
novii, and S. apoda ; 2d, Mr. E. E. Bryant.

Achimenes, as here staged by Mr. J. Marshall, proved
how beautiful these old favourite common plants are
when managed as these were ; they were not too crowded
in the pots, and were furnished with bright healthy
foliage and profusely flowered. The sorts were Dazzle,
Perfection, Mauve Queen, and Marguerite. Four
Gloxinias. — ist, Mr. Lock, with plants which combined
stout healthy foliage and finely developed flowers ; 2d,
Mr. y. Marshall. Coleus were well shown. Mr. W. B.
Hellard being ist for six, with a nice selection of the
best varieties, including Ada Sentance, Mrs. Stpddall,
Mrs. |. Pawle, and General Roberts ; 2d, Mr. Wood-
land.

Pelargoniums in this division also were well shown.
With six zonals, ist, Mr. E. E. Bryant ; 2d, Mr. Wood
land. Six Nosegays. — ist, Mr. Woodland ; 2(i, Mr. E.
E. Bryant. Four bronze sorts. — ist, Mr. Woodland ;
2d, the Rev. A. Elton. Four golden tricolors. — ist, the
Rev. A. Elton. Four silver tricolors. — ist, the Rev. A.
Elton. Four double zonals. — ist, Mr. F. Woodland ;
2d, Mr. E..E. Bryant.

Cut Flowf.rs made a fine display, but the Roses
showed the effects of the hot dry weather we have had.
For forty-eight single flowers, ist, Messrs. Cooling. Bath,
who staged a nice collection ; 2d, Mr. T. Hobbs.
Twenty-four Roses, three blooms of each. — ist, Messrs.
Cooling ; 2d, Mr. W. Smith. Twenty-four Dahlias. —
ist, Mr. Nation, who staged a lot of large flowers ; 2d,
Mr. T. Hobbs. Twelve Dahlias. — ist, Mr, Nation.
Twelve fancy Dahlias. — ist, Mr. Nation. Twelve single
Dihlias. — ist, Mr. Walters ; 2d. Mr. Nation. , Gladiolus,
twenty-four spikes. — Of these Mr. Dobree was the only
exhibitor, taking ist with a good stand, and also show-
ing a nice collection not for competition. Messrs. Kelway
had also a fine and extensive display of these beautiful
autumn flowers, not for competition, amongst which were
several new varieties, two of which received First-class
Certificates — Mr. Samson, a grand large red flower, with
dark crimson-violet blotch on the lower segments, a good
spike ; Maori King, colour diilicult to descnbi.', Imu may
be set down as deep salmon clouded with a brown shade,
and very large feathered riolct-purple markings on the

lower segments ; forms a fine"spike of the riglt shape. A
First-class Certificate was also awarded to Mr Dobree for
Gladiolus Queen of Canaries, canary-yeli w, slightly
tinted with pink, good individual flowers anc spike. Mr.
Lock took 1st with a collection of cut flo« rs, consist-
ing of twelve enormous bunches inciud ng Heaths,
Dipladeiiias, Allarnandds, Franciscea calyL) a. Eucharis
amazonica, and Lapagerias. For a dinner-tabie
arranged with fruit and flowers. Miss Cypher was
ist, with a tasteful arrangement laid out in the
usual way ; Mrs. J. E. K. Whitby, who was ad.
had likewise a nicely arranged table. With a sinylc
stand of cut flowers Miss Cypher took the lead easify.
amongst her flowers the drooping Rur^ lia juncea was
used with the best effect ; 2d. Mrs. N. ) G. Harrimaii ;
3d. Mrs. W. G- Marsh;dl. With a hanri bouquet Miss
Cypher was a long way in front, st-irrg a beauiiftil
example; 2d, Mrs, E. Drake : 3d. Mr> N.J. U. Harri-
man. Bouquet of wild flowers. — ist, > i.-s jE. KimbLf ;
2d, Mrs. Gibbons. Arrangement of h ■ |,crow Ferns. —
These were very v/ell done, isl, Mi . Knight ; id,
Miss E. Pcarse.

Fruit, as we have already staled, uas well and plcn-
tilully shown. With ten dishes Mr. 'ggulden. gr. to
the Eirl of Cork, toi>k the lead, stneii ^ a nice collection,
including Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria,
Peaches, a Smooth Cayenne Pine. Pine-apple Nec-
tarines, Barrington Peaches, Brown Turkey Figs, Moor
Park Apricots, Plums, and Cherries ; id, Mr. J. Brutton,
whose best di->hes were .\lic.in e and Muscat of
Alexandria Grapes, the latter well - oloured ; Princess
Alexandra Peaches, and Pitmaston Orange Nectarines ;
3d, Mr. W. H. Long. Eight dish' .= .— With these Mr.
Brutton was ist, whose most noti< ; ble were Muscat of
Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Crapes, Royal George
Peaches, Pitmaston Orange Nect: lines, and Moor I'aik
Apricots ; 2d, Mr. W. j. Crossm n ; 3d, Mr. F. J. C.
Parsons, four dishes.— ist, M 5. Walker, who had
nice bunches of Madresfield Cou:i Grapes, Grosse ^Iig-
nonne Peaches, Elruge Nectarir s, and Reids Melon ;
2d, Mr. Iggulden ; 3d, Mr. B utton. Two Pines. ^
With these Mr, Brooks was j need ist, staging two
Smooth Cayennes ; 2d, Mr. Nicholas, gr. to Earl
Fortescue, with larger examples cf the same sort, weigh-
ing 7 lb. and 8 1b. respectivt-ly in fine condition. Mr.
Nicholas staged, not for compel ion, half a dozen grand
fruits of this useful variety Tlire' bunches of Black Ham-
burgh Grapes. — ist, Mr. C. C- Hard, with well finished
examples ; 2d, Mr. Lock. Th ee bunches black Grapes,
not Black Hamburgh. — For these Mr. Brutton took
ist for moderate bunches of Alicante, not fully up jn
colour, some well finished Mjirii esfietd Court being passed
over ; 2d, Mr. Lock, with imn en^e bunches of Madres-
field Court, that required mete time to finish. Three
bunches of Muscats. — ist, Mr. Brutton, with nice
examples, well coloured ; : d, Mr. Lock. Three
bunches of white Grapes, 1 ot Muscats. — Here Mr.
Westacott took the lead, sJi- wing Duke of Bi-iccleucb,
very large in berry and well c loured ; 2d, Mr. C. Collard
with very good Foster's SeL'd ng. Dish of Peaches. — ist,
Mrs. Walker, who had (Jro?^- Mignonne, large and in fine
order ; 2d, Mr. Nicholas. \\\h good Goshawk. Dish of
Nectarines — ist. Mr. Nic t las, with beautiful Iruit of
Humboldt ; 2d, Mrs. Walk r, wlih Pitmaston O.ange.
Dish of Apricots. — ist, Mr. Huxtabie, with Moor Park,
very large and in fine oictr; 2d, Mr. Lock. One
Melon. — i5t, Mr. Iggulden, with a good fruit of Easinor
Cas le ; 2d, Mr. W. P.m 1. Di^h of light colound
Plums.— 1st. Mr. T. 1 i^ ury ; jd, Mrs. E. Bktke—
both showing very good Green Gage. Dish of dark-
coloured Plums.— ist, Mr. J. P. BUckmore ; 2d, Mr.
W. H. Long.

Mr. R. Veitch, Exeter, < xhibited, nnt for competition,
a very pretty group of plai ts and cut flowers ; the former
included Orchids, Paints, Ferns, and variegated plants,
with single and double D: hlias, Roses, &c. T. B.

Worcester City and County Horticultural ;
August 13 and 14. — The fifth summer show of (his
Society was held in nrjoyable weather amidst the fine
scenery of Perdiswell Park, the scat of H. Walker, Esq.,
who also kindly threw open his beautiful gardens, tlUis
lending an adflitloniil attraction to the visitors. Die
exhibits were divided Into three classes — those for pro-
fessional gardeners, imaleurs, and cottagers.

E^ch section was very well represented, the fruit,
flowers, and vegetabl- s in their various classes being of
superior merit, one o' the principal features of the show
being ihe groups of [ lants arranged for effect. Here, as
is usually the case, tl ey were far too crowded, hut stiU
made a fine display collectively — stove, greenhouse,
foliage, and flowering plants being in considerable pro-
fusion.

Soft-wooded plants, such as Coleus, Fuchsias, and
Pelargoniums, were well grown. Ferns were clean and
neat, and table planis were likewise exhibited in some
quantity, as were cut flowers, Roses, CJIadiolus, Dahlias,
Asters, and Stocks, all of them being very meritorious.

Bouquets and buttonhole flowers, vases, &c., were
alike fairly done.

Of Fruit there was an excellent display, the collec-
tions being well competed for ; Grapes, ^ieIons, Peaches,
and Apricots excellent. Melons were shown in great
numbers, but Pines were poorly represented. Apples
were marvellously fine ; Pears, Currants, and Goose-
berries were a prominent feature.

Vegetahles appeared in great quantities, the com-
petition for the leading prizes being very keen, the
quality of most of the exhibits being excellent.

Amateurs' and cottagu .' classes brought numerous
examples, tliat reflected great (.edit on those who con-

i

August 23, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

251

Iributed them, especially good being the cut flowers,
fruits, and vegetables.

MiSCELI.ANEOL'S. — Messrs. Cranston & Sons, Here-
ford, contributed six boxes of cut Roses, including one
of the best twenty-four Marechal Niel that has been seen
this season, the stand finding many admirers. Mr. T.
Hewitt, nurseryman, Solihull, showed some well-grown
specimens of tuberous Begoni.as, profusely flowered and
large in size. Messrs. Rowe & Co. and Messrs. Smith
& Co., nurserymen, of Worcester, each contributed
groups of miscellaneous plants, not for competition,
comprising just those plants for which each establishment
is famed, tlie former contributing a few boxes of choice
Rose blooms, and the latter fine examples of cut herba-
ceous flowers and others. The weather was delightfully
fine till about 6 r.M. , when it commenced to rain in
torrents.

Massachusetts Horticultural : Boston, Aui^. 2.
—To-day being prize d.iy for native Ferns they were well
represented by two fine collections shown by Mrs. A. J.
Dolbear and Mrs. P. D. Richards. Mr. R. T. Jackson
exhibited a large collection, but as they were not all
natives it could not compete for a prize, but received the
award of a Silver Medal. They were arranged in three
divisions accordingastheyinhabit New England, England,
or both. The following is a list of varieties as recorded by
the secretary, the choicest and rarest being marked with
an asterisk :— Those native of New England were Adian-
tum pedatum, .Aspidium acrostichoides and the var.
incanum, A. Boottii. A. Goldianum,'' A. marginale, \.
noveboracense, Asplenium angustifolium,^^ h, ebeneum,
A. thelypteroides,* Botrychium virginianum, Campto-
sores rhizophyllus," Cystopteris bulbifera.* Dlcksonia
I>ilosiuscula, Lvgodium palniatum,* Onoclea sensibilis,
O. Claytoniana', Phegopteris hexagonoptera,* Woodsia
obtusa, Woodwardia virginici, Pella;a atropurpurea,'
and P. gracilis.' Natives of England :— AUosorus cris-
pus,* Aspidium angulare and two vars. , A. lonchitis, A.
rigidum, .-Vsplenium Adianlum nigrum* (dried speci-
men), A. fontanura,* .-V. septentrionale,* Ceterach ofti-
cinarum,* Cystopteris montana,* Hymenophyllum tun-
bridgense (dried specimen), Lomaria spicant, and
Trichomanes radicans (dried specimen). Native's of both
New England and England ;— .Aspidium aculeatum, .A.
cristatum, .A. FiU.x-mas, .\. spinulosum and the var.
dilatatum ; A. thelypteris, Asplenium Filix-fcomina,
and four vars., -A. rutamuraria var.,* .\. trichomanes,
A. viride, Cystopteris fragilis, Osmunda rcgalis, Phego-
pteris dryop'teris, P. polypodioides, Polypodium vulgare,
Pteris aquilina, Scolopendrium vulgare and two vars., and
Woodsia llvensis. Mr. Jackson also exhibited Campanula
casspitosa, from the high Alps of Switzerland, a plant
of great beauty and a remarkably free bloomer. Mrs. .'\.
J. Dolbear exhibited the following Ferns :— .Aspidium
acrostichoides, A. novaboracense, A. thelypteris, A.
spinulosum, .A. cristatum, .A. marginale, A. spinulosum
var. Boottii, Botrychium ternatum var. dissectum, B.
ternatum var. obliquum, B. virginicum, Osmunda cinna-
momea, O. Claytoniana, Phegopteris polypodioides, P.
dryopteris, Polypodium vulgare, .Adiantum pedatum,
Asplenium Filix-fcemina, A. ebenoides, -A. trichomanes,
Oiioclea sensibilis, Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Woodsia
ilvensis, W. obtusa, Woodwardia angustifolia, W.
virginica, Dicksonia punctilobula, Pteris aquilina,
Strurhiopteris germanica, Cystopteris fragilis, and took
the i5t prize. Mrs. P. D. Richards showed twenty
seven species and five varieties, and was awarded
the 2d prize. E. H. Hitchings exhibited a collection of
native flowers, including Ranunculus alismiefolius, which
have not been found in this vicinity before. Mr. John
Parker made a large display of Balsams, amongst which
the following were noticeable :--Miss Piggelt, Rubra cen-
tifolia. Sensation, Susan Morrison, Prince Arthur, and
Triomphe de .Saunoy. Mr. E. Shepherd exhibited a large
quantity of cutflowers, consistingof Pinks, Gloxinias, and
Dipladenias ; Mr. E. Fawkes Dahlias, and Miss Story
Hollyhocks. Mr. J. W. Manning exhibited the follow-
ing herbaceous plants : — Papaver alpinum, Achillea mille-
foOum, A. ptarmica, .A. tomentosa, Anchusa italica,
Bocconia japonica, Rudbeckia maxima, Boykiniaaconiti-
folia. Cassia niarilandica, Lobelia syphilitica, Centaurea
calocephala, Commelyna virginica, Dicentra exiraia,
Eryngium alpinum. Coreopsis lanceolata, C. palmata,
Veronica spicata, Heliopsis Irevis, Anthemis tinctoria,
Silphium integrifolium. Delphinium grandiflorum, Ascle-
pias verticillata. Liliura elegans, and L. superbum.
Mr. Benjamin G. Smith showed very large English
Gooseberries in splendid condition. Mrs. Horace Eaton
contributed Doyenn^ (summer) Pears, and Mr. Cephas
H. Brackett some fine large Mushrooms.

POTATOS AND TOMATOS AT ChISWICK. —

At a meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Commiltee,
held at Chiswick, August 19— present : Mr. John E.
Lane in the chair ; Messrs. Paul, Crowley, Lee,
Silverlock, Howcroft, Burnett, Denning, Ellam,
and Barron (Secretary) — the committee examined
the collections of Potatos and Tomatos growing in
the gardens, when the following First-class Certifi-
cates were awarded, viz. :—

Pij/a/jj— Ellingtonia, from Mr. Ellington, West Road
Garden, Wildenhall, Suffolk ; Nott's Victor, from Mr.
R. Nott, Vermont, U.S. .America; The Doctor, from
Mr. G. Pritchard, Green Street, Siltingbourne ; Charter
Oak, from Messrs. Bliss & Sons, New York. Tomato!
— Sutton's Reading Perfection. Hackwood Park Pro-
lific, YeUow, from Mr. B. S. Williams ; Lord Wolseley,
from Mr. B. S. Williams.

rlbsritoaji.

Underwood and Game Covekt.s,— In the
matter of game coverts, and even in places where
game is not preserved, but where it is thought to be
desirable to clothe the ground under the large timber
trees with some species of shrubs, planters almost
invariably select evergreen materials for the purpose.
Putting aside the uniformity of this arrangement —
foe owing to the few materials at command for this
purpose that is unavoidable— I wish more particularly to
point out some advantages that arise from the employ-
ment not only of a greater variety of species, but also
from these being deciduous and food beating. We
know that but few of the evergreen shrubs carry
fruits that are palatable to birds. Berberis Aquilolia
and B. Darwinii, Coloneaster Simonsii bear fruits,
but they succeed thoroughly only in fairly open woods,
by the margins of drives, and such like open parts.
The Vew bears seeds that ate eaten hy small birds, but
pheasants do not like them. The Virginian red Cedar
also bears seeds, but it is only in the hardest winters,
when all other feed is buried under the snow, that any
creature will touch these, then roe-deer will do so,
their flesh acquiring then the flavour and odour of
Juniper. The ground under the perpetual shade of
evergreens is and must necessarily be always in a
damp state, by reason of the sun not being able to
penetrate through the foliage sufficiently to evaporate
the moisture arising from snow and rain. Where
deciduous vegetation covers the ground the shade is
much less dense, being quite absent in the winter
and late autumn ; so that the undergrowth, if
kept of moderate height by cutting once in six
or eight years, must be much less unhealthy
for the animals existing in them. The more
rapid growth of deciduous plants, and the
greater absorbent and exhaling property of their
foliage, must also assist in drawing moisture
from the earth on which they are growing. The
Hazel in variety is a good undergrowth plant, that is
also adapted for many useful ends when of a few
years' growth. It will grow in woods that are not too
dense, and makes a fine covert alone. Whitethorn
and Blackthorn, each make an almost impenetrable
thicket if kept moderately low, and one very difficult
for poachers to attack. Cornus mascula, C. alba,
and C. sanguinea make good covert, especially in
damp soils, the wood being also useful for sheep
hurdles and similar purposes. The Viburnums, such
as of Opulus sterilis, V. lentago, are berry-bearing
plants like the above-mentioned, and to which
shade is not inimical. The common Elder is another
berry-bearing plant, adapted for growing almost any-
where, and easily kept at a moderate height, either by
cutting down to the ground or to 3 or 4 feet
high. Symphoricarpus racemosus, the Snowberry
shrub, and Ribes aureura make good undergrowth,
and flower well when the shade is not too great, A
strong-growing herbaceous perennial, named Phyto-
lacca decandra, bearing long racemes of fleshy purple
berries, that birds are very fond of, should be planted
or sown in all fairly open spaces, and which, when it
is once established in a few spots, will continue to
propagate itself by seed and root. It is as well to
plant common Crabs in moderate numbers in all
woods where game is kept, as birds are partial to the
seeds, that are found in abundance in the fruits. The
selection should not be confined to the indigenous
species, but should include the handsome Chinese
and Siberian sorts. Beech, common Oak, wild
Cherries, and Celtis occidentalis should all be planted
as feeding trees in small numbers in woods made up
of trees that afford no food to animals. It will thus
be seen, from this selection of common shrubs, that
the choice of the planter is not confined to the ever-
green species mentioned by Mr. Webster, nor is it at
all desirable to plant only those over large spaces,
which are, with the exception of Box, useless com-
mercially.

RUBUs CRAT.-EGiFOLius (p. 215). — This plant is
perfectly hardy and is ornamental, but I would advise
no one to plant it who cannot give it abundance of
room. I had it once, but am glad to say I have got
rid of it. It is one of the greatest ramblers I know.
H. M, Ellacombe.

STATE OF lUR WEATHER AT BLACKHEATU, LOMJCy,
I'"oR THK Week Ending Wednbsdav, Augl'si sn, i8ijj.

■5® 'S'S

«Tf J3 ., « H
Ss ytlj 3 rt ?J

I

TKMrERATURE OF
I Hi: AlK.

Sq

lAut; In. , In. , ,

14 aq.86 +O.09;73.o sg.o'iS.oifis 8

15 I 29.56 +0.1876. 5S4-0|«3-5''3i

16 j S993 4-0 islSi.c

17

Mc;

39 80 +0 oi

I

2Q77 p0.07
=9 75 —0.05
29,90 -1-0 JO

29.8s -l-o.o;

53 5'7-5
56.0:28.5

S7.o!'4.S
5(.5 '6.5

Ii.sIjJ 0

iS. 1^21.164.8

°Ss

Hygrome-

trical De-

duclioHG

from

Wind.

Glaisher'a

Tables tith

Edilion

'o>.S

0.

0

11"

C'5

+ 185J.1 66 n.W. a 10

{S E ■
WNW ^ '°
E.S. li.

+ A-

+ 8.3

+ 6

-I- o.S

+ 34

49.81 56 { fv'sW."
54 5 58

52.6 6s

S.W 0 00
S.E. ;
S.W.

H.W. I
N.E.

Aug 14 —Fine d.iy and night, Ijfigiit at lim:s.

— 15. — Dull morning, fine bright afternoon and night.

— 16. —Very fine day and night.

— i7.~Very fine day and nieht till 10 r M., dull afterwaid .
" 18. — Fine day and night, cloudless at times.

— 19. — Fine bright morning, dull Irom 2 r.M., rain at 5 jO

p.M , clear at 10 f m.

— 20. —Dull morning, fine afternoon and night.

London : Atmoi/'/ieric Fmsuie. — Dunng the week
ending August 16, the reading of the barometer de-
creased from 30,04 inches at the beginning of the
week to 29.96 inches by 3 p M. on the loth ; in-
creased to 29 27 inches by 9 A M. on the nth, de-
creased to 2993 inches by 3 p.m. same day; in-
creased to 30.30 inches by 9 a.m , decreased to 29.9S
inches by 3 p.m. on the 13th ; increased to 30. 17
inches by 9 a.m. on the i6ih, and was 30.09 inches
by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.02 inches, being 0.09 inch lower than last
week, and 0.08 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 91°, on August II ; the
highest on the 14th was 72". The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 80^.4.

The lowest temperature was 53°. 5, on the l6th ; on
the I2th the lowest temperature was 64°. The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 5S .7.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was 30°,
on the nth; the smallest was 13', on the 14th.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 21°. 7.

The mean temperatures were — on the loth, 69°.5 ;
on the nth, 75°.7 ; on the 12th, 7I^I ; on the I3(h,
67°.6 ; on the 14th, 63°. S ; on the I5ih, 63°.!; on
the l6th, 66*.2 ; and these were all above their aver-
age by 7°.4, 13°. S, 8°.9, 5°.4, I°.8, I°.4, and 4°,8
respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 68°. 1, b«ing
2°. 2 higher than last week, and 6°. 2 above the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 151°, on the nth. The mean of the seven
daily readings was 1 35". 8.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 42°, on the 16th.
The mean of the seven readings was 47"-4.

Rain. — 0.03 inch fell on the 13th.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 16 the highest temperatures were 9I°.8, at
Cambridge, 91°.! at Nottingham, 91° at Blackheath ;
the highest at Sunderland was 76°, at Brighton 79°,
at Plymouth 79°.5. The general mean was 83^.8.

The lowest temperatures were 44°-4 at Wolver-
hampton, 45° at Truro, 45°. 2 at Nottingham ; the
lowest at Blackheath was 53°. 5, at Brighton 53°, and
at Sunderland and Preston 52°. The general mean
was 49°. I.

The greatest ranges were 45°.9 at Nottingham,
42°.3 at Wolverhampton, 4t°.8 at Cambridge ; the
smallest ranges were 24° at Sunderland, 26° at
Brighton, 28° at Preston. The general mean was

34°.7-

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 82°.3, at Blackheath So°.4,
at Nottingham 79° ; and was lowest at Sunderland,
72'.I, at Bolton 73', at Liverpool 73°.2. The
general mean was 76^.1.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 59^.7, at Preston 59°. 5, at Black-
heath 58°. 7; and was lowest at Wolverhampton

252

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

53\5, at Notlingham 53^.8, at Truro 54°.3. The
general mean was 56°.6.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
25''.6. at Nottingham 25°. 2, at Wolverhampton 23"'. i ;
and was least at Brighton, 14°, at Preston 14*. S, at
Liverpool 15°. 5. The general mean was ig^-S-

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
68°. I, at Cambridge 67°. 8, at Leeds 66°.5 ; and was
lowest at Sunderland, 62°. 3, at Bolton 62°. 4, at Truro
62°.8. The general mean was 64°. 7.

Hain. — The largest falls were 0.25 inch at Bristol,
020 inch at Cambridge, o. 13 inch at Hull; the
smallest falls were 0,03 inch at i'iymouth, Blackheath,
and Sheffield, 0.04 inch at Truro, Brighton, Liver-
pool, Bolton, and Preston. No rain fell at Wolver-
hampton, Bradford, or Leeds. The general mean fall
was 0.07 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 16 the highest temperature was 81°, at
Paisley ; at Dundee the highest was 72°. 9. The
general mean was 75''- 7.

The lowest temperature in the week was 47^4, at
Aberdeen ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
53°. The general mean was 50". 4.

The mean temperature was highest at Greenock,
64°.6, and lowest at Edinburgh, 60°. The general
mean was 62°,3.

Rain. — The largest fall was i.gSinch, at Greenock,
and the smallest fall was 0.37 inch, at Aberdeen,
The general mean fall was 1.50 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

©Ijttuars*

The greatest sympathy will be felt with the much
respected Curator of the Royal Gardens, Kew, on
the death of his wife, Mrs. Mary Smith. Mrs,
Smith died, after a short illness, on the 20th inst., in
the fifty-ninth year of her age. It is not long since
we had to record the death of their only daughter,
and now this fresh blow has fallen on one himself
sorely tried recently by ill-health.

inquiries.

' ' He thai qnestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

Herb Beer. — P. T. wishes a recipe for the con-
coction of this beverage. Can any reader oblige him ?

Answers to Correspondents.

Abies-Picea : Corr. We have so frequently discussed
this question that it is unnecessary to advert to it
again, inasmuch as the reasons are to be found in any
good text-book. Meanwhile we may say it is quite
indifferent for your purpose which nomenclature is
employed. We think it our duty to adhere to the
nomenclature of Bentham and Hooker in their Genera
Plantariim in all cases where we cannot show good
reason for a contrary course.

Araucafia imbricata : W. Wheeler. The cones
being all on the south side of the tree would seem to
prove the more matured condition of the wood, and
consequently of the flower-buds on that side ; an effect
to be attributed to the greater amount of light and
warmth obtained Trees bear seed only on attaining
a certain age. Your specimen was too young till now.

Azalea at Dropmore : N. The Azalea in question
was raised by Mr. Frost some years since. The flowers
are nearly white, and deliciously perfumed.

Circulation in Chara : Microscopht. Corti, in
1774, was the first to point this out in Chara.

Cottagers' Show at Kensington : W. J. sends
a long explanation and apology for the way in which
his exhibits were staged, which, however, it is not
necessary to print.

Cucumber Disease : E. T. Please send a portion of
the root also. The diseased condition may be the
result of worms in the roots, as often figured in these
columns.

Flower Show Rules ; J. C. Unquestionably the
gentleman you name cannot properly compete in
Class 2, seeing that he does employ a gardener.

Grapes : //. Clark. Royal Vineyard.

Insects: Lostwithiel. The Rhubarb leaf sent ccn-
tained no mining larva?, nor any trace either of ihefr
mines or of their excrement. The cause of the blister-
ing, or rather scorching of the leaves over so large an
extent of ground must be due to some other cause,
perhaps from the sun shining on the leaves when wet,
or from excessive radiation on a moonlight night.

Names of Fruit : Sutton &* Sons. Green Chisel.

Names of Plants : -V. Y. i, Poa trivialis ; 2, Mclica
uniflora ; 3. Festuca pratensis ; 4. Holcus lanatus ; 5,
Avena flavescens. — H. Af. E. Chelidonium majus,
nat. ord. Papaveracere, not uncommon in this country
in like situations. — Clark Bros, Pleris serrulata
tremula of Moore, described in the 'Journal of the
Royal Horticultural Society, n. s., iv., 38, is an acci-

dental hybrid that originated about 1871 at Chiswick.
— D. M. I, a Belonica ; 2, Campanula persicifolia,
double-flowered white variety ; 3, withered beyond
recognition ; 4, Sedum reflexum, fasciated variety. —
A'. B. The red plant is Orach, Alriplex hortensis ; the
other is Chenopodium polyspermum. — \V. G. i.
Salvia Horminum ; 2, Hibiscus Trionum ; 3, Polygo-
num complexum. — C G. H. Medicago arborea.
Spiraea cantoniensis, and Raphiolepis japonica. —
C. W. Malva rotundifolia. — 'Johnstone. Francoa
sonchifolia. — Camjee. Ipomona rubro-ccerulea. —
Southampton. Crespina vulgaris. — W. Pearson.
Adiantum cuneatum, Zephyranthes Candida, and Mal-
vaviscus mollis. — C. W. Hypericum elodes. — C. M. O.
Platanthera fimbriata {United States). — P. J. 1, .
Chenopodium hybridum ; 2, doubtful ; .3 and 6, Che-
nopodium rubrum ; 4, Chenopodium polyspermum ; 5,
Alriplex patula, var. angustifolia.

Pot Vines : Geo. Williams. Six to eight pounds
ought to swell up and colour satisfactorily at that
time. Sorts that would force together with Black
Hamburgh — Foster's Seedling, Buckland Sweetwater,
lor very early work.

Proliferous Rosks : D. W. C. We fear you have
not read your Gardeners' Chro?iicle very carefully, as
such flowers have repeatedly been figured and com-
mented on. Nevertheless, they are always interesting,
— A. Booty. Thanks for specimen ; it is by no means
a rarity.

Protoplasm: Microscopiit. Von.Mohl, about 1846,
was the first to employ the term.

Temperature in the Shade : //. F. E. The posi-
tion of the instrument facing the north is right, but a
board attains a certain warmth from the direct rays of
the sun, which is imparted to the thermomettrs on
each side. Far better hang the one required to indi-
cate shade temperature on a wall or building facing
north ; and wherever placed, it should hang at least a
foot distant from the shade object.

Thistle Down : B. You need be under no apprehen-
sion ; the Thistle-down which alights in your garden,
from a distance, has no seed attached to it. Vou have
only to look to be convinced of it ; but probably you
have, as most people do, taken it for granted ihdt the
Thistle is widely disseminated in this manner, without
examining for yourself.

Todea superba : A. D, W. The most likely cause for
the arrested growth of your Todea which we can sug-
gest is lack of moisture, but as we do not know the
conditions of growth we cannot point out the cause
more exactly. Perhaps it has got dry at the root ;
possibly it has been in too dry an atmosphere. It
grows freely in a close damp frame, sprinkled over-
head daily. It may have been caused by fumigation,
which often does great damage if not very carefully per-
formed, especially as regards the desiccation of the
atmosphere.

Worms in Grass : One in Difficulties. Try Chinese
Worm Soap, to be had at a seedman's, mixed up as a
Slid, and applied through a water-can, or lime-water.

Plants in Pots— Average Wholesale PrucES.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross— Bulbs.

Robert Veitch & Son, Exeter — Dutch Bulbs.

Ben. Reed & Co., Aberdeen— Flower Roots.

]as. Dickson & Sons, ?2astgate Street, Chester— Bulbs.

Drummonu & Sons, Stirling — Bulbs.

S. Mahood & Son, Putney, S.W. — Bulbs.

B. S. Williams, Upper HoUoway, N. — Roses, Fruit

Plants, &c.
Louis de Smf.t, Ledeberg les Gand, Belgium— Special

Offer of Plants.
J. van der Swaelmen, Ghent — Greenhouse, Stove,

and Hardy Plants.
Rovelli Fratelli, Pallanza, Italy— Shrub and Tree

Seeds.

Communications Received : T. B., Chillingham.— J. P. —
H. V. & bons.— H. R.— W. H.-H. W. W. (bei,t thHnk^).-
D T. F.— Robertson Munro.— H. F. K.-J. Veilch & Sons.
-J. Epps.-T. C.

arhcls.

COVENT GARDEN, August 21.

Business is now getting quiet, and with extraordinary
importations from the Continent prices are low all
round, hnglish Pines are in demand ; no arrivals from
the Azores. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Cut Flowers. — Averagk Wholesale PfircBS.

s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d.

Abutilon. 12 bunches 2 o- 4 o [ Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60
Mignonette, 12 bun. 10-40
Pelargoniums, per 12

<iprays .. ..06-10

Pinks, various, 12

bunches .. ..20-60

Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 30-60
Asters, 12 burches .. 30-60
Bouvardias, per bun. o g- 1 o
Calceolaria, 12 sp'ays 04-10
Carrtations, 12 bun. 20-60
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 20-40
Dahhas, 12 bunches 30-60
Eucharis, per doz. .. 20-50
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches .. ..20-60

Gardenia5, 12 blmS'- 30-60
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 6 0-12 o

Heliotropes. i2sp. .. o 6- i o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . ..20-30
— red, 13 blooms... z o- 2 o
Lavender, 12 bun.',. 60-80

Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrethurm, 12 bun. 20-60
Rhud^iiiheS) 12 bun. 40-60
Roses (indnor), doz. 10-40

— (ouldooi), 12 bun. 3 o- g o

— coloured, doz. .. 2 o- 0 o
Stephanotit, 12 spr. 20-40
Slocks. 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-40
Sweet Sultan, 12 bim. 20-40
Tuberoses, per doz.. o 6- i o
While Jasmine, bun. 06-10

I. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitse (golden),

per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. ,. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen ., 9 0-18 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 4 o- g o
Cbrysanth., dozen .. 40- 60
Cockscombs, doz. .. 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 20-40
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsena term. doi...3o 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz..i2 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 o 18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. .. 6 o-i8 o

Evergreens, in var.,

pet dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o
Ficus elasiica, each 16-70

*. d. s. d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. -.2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60
Heliotrope, doz. .. 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 o

— panicu'ata, doz. 12 0-24 o
Lilium loQ^itlorum,

per dozen . . 6 018 o

— laDcifolium, doz, 6 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. .. 8 o-iz o

Mignonette, per doz. 3 o- 0 o
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-ia o
Palms in variety,

each .. ■■ 2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen .. ..40-90

— scarlet, per doz . . 2 c- o o
Petunias, per dozen 30-60
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 40-60
Solanums, dozen .. g o 15 o

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Apples, J4-sieve ,
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
Kent Filberts, lb.
Lemons, per case.

s.d. s.d.

20-40
10-16
10-30
. 07-08
10 0-T4 o

s.d. s.d.

Melons, each .. 20-30

Pine-apples. Eng.,lb. 40-50
Pffaches. per doz. .. 2 o-u o
Plums, J4-sieve ,. 40-90

Vegetables— AvBrtAGE Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz 20-40

Asparagus, English,
per 100 .. ..30-50

Aubergines, each .. o 4- ..

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz, .. 10-..

Cabbages, per doz, . . i o- i 6

Carrots, per bun. .. o 6- ..

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 30-40

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each .. 06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen .. ..26-36

Garlic, per lb, .. 06- ..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

POTATOS. — Old Potatos finished,
diseased— stopped coming ;
per ten.

s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-,.

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each ,. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch.. 04-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . 06- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch. , o 9- ..
Peas. English, quart 16-..
Radishes, per doz. ..16-..
Small saladiog, per

punnet ..04-..

Spinach, per strike.. 20-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. 10- ..
Turnips, new, bun. .. 08-,.

New — Jersey kidneys much
Kent kidneys, £s *o^* to £y

S£EDS.

London : Aug, 20. — The seed market to-day was
thinly attended, and presented no new ieature either of
interest or importance. Some samples of this season's
Clover seed have been shown, but no prices are yet fi.\ed.
Trifolium incarnatum continues cheap and abundant.
Seed Rye is scarce and firm. In winter Tares the ten-
dency is downwards, the supply for the moment exceeds
the demand. For Essex Rape seed 2s. or y. per quarter
more money is asked. Sowing Mustard is nnclianged.
The new blue Peas show good quality. Feeding Linseed
is steady. John Shaw df Sons, Seed Merchants, 37,
Mark Lane, London, E. C,

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday there was a decline of "zs.
per quarter on new Wheat. Foreign supplies were vir-
tually neglected ; buyers could hardly be found at a
reduction of \s. to \s. t>d. per quarter. Flour was fully
as difficult to sell as Wheat, and was quoted hd. to u.
under Monday se'nnight, with next to nothing doing.
Maize was unchanged in value as regards round corn,
but some holders required stiffer rates for flat. Beans
and Peas moved off slowly, at unaltered currencies.
Oats, with a very dull sale, were -^d. per quarter lower
than last reported, and Lentils showed a decline of \s.
on the week. — On Wednesday the market was very flat
for both Wheat and flour. Bailey was steady, with a
moderate enquiry. Beans and Peas were firm, but quiet.
Flat Maize tended against buyers, and round corn was
steady. Oats were in good supply, but prices were not
further depressed. — Average prices of corn for the
week ending August 16 : — Wheat, 381. 21/. ; Barley,
29J. id. ; Oats 22J. For the corresponding period
last year : — Wheat, 431. \Qd. ; Barley, 28J. g*/. ; Oats,
23 f- 2'i'.

CATTLE.

At the Metropolitan Market on Monday there was a
slow trade for all fatted stock, but prices nevertheless
were fairly sustained, especially for choice neat weights
ot cattle and sheep. The call trade ruled dull. Quota-
tions : — Beasts, 45. to 51. 4(/., and 5^. 6*/. to 5J. lorf. ;
calves, 4J. ^d. to sj. ^d. ; sheep, 5.1. to 5^. 8rf., and
5J. loo^. to 6j. id. ; lambs, 6.'. ^d. to jj. id.\ pigs,
31. io(/. to 4J. t>d. — On Thursday beasts and sheep sold
at Monday's prices, but trade was slow. Lambs were in
poor demand, as the season is closing. The pig trade
revived, all grades advancing id. to ^d. per 8 lb.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report states that
supplies were moderate, and trade good for best qualities
o\ hay and Clover. Straw very dull. Quotations : —
I'rime old Clover, 95J. to 117J. ; inferior, 6oj. to 75^.;
prime second cut, 901. to \\qs.\ best meadow hay, 8oj.
to rooj. ; inferior, 40J. to 65.r. ; and straw, 285. to 37J.
per load.— On Thursday tht-re wore moderate supplies at
market, and trade was steady.

POTATOS.

The following are the average prices at market this
week : — Magnum Bonums, 90J. to \\os.\ kidneys, 8ar. to
\ios.\ Roses, 8or. to 90J.; Regents, 90J. ; Beauty ol
Hebron, 8oj. to ioo.t. ; and Schoolmasters, 90J. to looj.
I)cr ton.

August 23, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

253

H

oil Paint No Loiwer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

(or Preservinu Irouwork, Wood, or Stone.
{^Registered Trace Mark )

**^WiM(*,«N^j^J^

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (ully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixinc
or ihinniiig, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station m the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Tbstimoniai-

" Piercffield Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish c-isk,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
specifiiMv. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION.— H\\.i. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gales, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W, H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTUKAL WORK. Iree of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Eunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths» and stages,
sent post-free on application.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

PRACTICAL HORTICULTURAL and HEATING
ENGINEERS, and t!anufaaurers of Every Class of BUILD-
INGS. MARKET GROWING HOUSES, PLANT and
MELON FRAMES, &c., from £t j6s. Apply for Price LIST.

l<fe-IASSHOUSES&«EAf-ING>l

B.W-WA-R«UKST-

m

rCHCATE ROAD , LONDON .N.Wt

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden ^hould
possess One. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a fe* minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long. 4 I'eet wide, packmg cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, „ „ 4150

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 3 *5 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 6 10 o

The glass is nailed and puttied la.

B. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and Iron,

= Heating Apparatus.

CA TALOCUE,
with Prices, Post-free.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WRIG-HT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or other unskilled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks equally as well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourth the cost.

PRICES : -BLACK, js. 6d. per gallon ;
in casks, containing not less than 9 gallons,
delivered free at most railway stations.
Casks extra, but two-thirds allowed if re-
turned carriage paid to our works in good
conditii^n. BRUSHES for coating Iron-
work, Wood, or Stone, is. each.
CATALOCUES of nil kinds of Iran and Wire Fencing,
Gates, ^c , Jree on. application.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON; and 3. Crooked
Lane, King William St., ^.Q.—Piease tuime this paper.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

The Best

and Quickest

Hade.

4-iii. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. yi. each :

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, +r. bd. each.

Price List en applkatiem.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILEHS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,

to be the most economical o/fnel, the most power/ }tl, the amplest,

and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., AIRDRIE. N.B.

HOSE— HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of qualitV' Lasts four times as lung as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long luu than any other Hose for Garden Use,

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever.'*

Private Cmtomcrs Supplied at Trade Prices,

Sample and Piice ot

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63. Long Acre, London, W.C-

CARSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15,000 OF TUB Nobility, Ghntrv, and Clergy,

Is extensively used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOXK, CONSERVATORIES,

Oreechouses, Frames.

CAN KB LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Civt., and Oil Mixttire, Free to all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S;

LA BELLE SAUVAOE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON. E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for Cask.

Bosber's Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially jaa-™
suited for KITCHEN =^^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
ouce put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDtN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable ai.d of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufaclurcrs, Upper Ground
Street, Blackftiars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Kingsland Road, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also

for FOXLEYS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
mo'e elaborate Desi(;ns, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen kanges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Siable

Paving ol great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Knrifing Tiles in great variety. Slales, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L "V E R S~ AND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by posL
FLINTS and BRICK. BURRS (or Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in zoo and zto feet boxes,
3ds ai d 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ol IS-OZ- glass ia
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Gla'ses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. Jobn'a Street, West Smltbfield. London. E C

Stock List and Prices on applicatian Quote Chronicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, dtc.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.G.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by
\i\tl., 20 in. by 1410., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-01.
and 21-OZ. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in zoo-ft. and 300-ft. cases.

254

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line elutr^ed as two

4 Lines

15 Lines

B „

..036

16 „

6 „

..040

IT „

7 „

..046

18 „

8 „

..050

19 „

9 .,

..056

20 „

10 „

..060

21 „

H „

..066

22 „

12 „

..070

23 „

13 „

..076

24 „

14 ,.

.. 0 S 0

2S ..

.lo 8
. o 9

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

II set across columns, the lowest charge will be 305.

Page X9 o o

Half Page 500

Column 350

GARDKNERS. and OTHEES. WA2?TINa SITUATIONS.

26 woids IS. 6(f, , and dd. for every additional line
(abjut 9 words) or part of a !ine.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST EB PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
a^aiftst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Lett:'rs so addressed arc opened by the auiltorities and
relwned to the sender.

PiRTHS, Deaths and Marriages. 51. each insertion.

Advertisements for the crirrent iveek must rceuh the Office

by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payabls in advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,1 3J, \od. ; 6 Months,

us. lid. ; 3 Months, 6j.
Foreign (exceptine India and China); including Postage,

jCi 6s. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8x. vd.

Post office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C.. to W. Richards.

PunLi^iiiNG Office and Office for Advertisemknts.

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W. C.

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samoles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

"MOREi

THAN;

J. JURY. OLD BONDED QC\/CM '^
HISKEY STORES, BELFAST. QQ V L.1^ .

5 Whiskey is the finest we ever tasted, — Co7'entry Herald.
5 years' old, is. 6d. per boltie ; 41s. per doz.
7 years* old, 41. od. ,, ; 48^. ,,

3 years' old, 55. od. ,, ; 60s, ,,

The finest Irish ^PI | A Ikl 20 years' old, 6j, per bot ;
07 Scotch Whiskev I H ll nj 72J. per doz. Samples and
ON'LV is bonded. i I in I " cases, rail free.

W J

w

Connoisseurs are invited to send for sample, Irish or Scotch,
cr of both, before placing their orders. Rail free.

dCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

O GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal — Mr. H. E. MiLNER, AM. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Kooms near the North Tower.
Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 i.m- Prosptcius and
full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of
the School of Art, Science, and Literacure, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNHR has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL.
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Laigest Invented Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. Farquhar, Eiq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildines, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhil], London, EC.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Gentlemen havirg Waste or Unprofitable
Land

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERK?.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre. C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Uurvenich, F. CiCpin,
Comte de Comer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O de Kerchove de
Deiiterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, ). Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies. B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van HuUe, J. van Volxem,
H. J. Veitch, A. We^tmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
ITS., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Ordeis to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
SI the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

Farms. Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasiiie an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on slating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
Herald Oi^cc, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Hvrala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS .•—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated

BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved

especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles )
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.A-

LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount ot information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 63. per Annum.

Single Copies, 6(/. ; Stamped, 7rf.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undertnentioned Newspaper and Adverti^tng Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhiil, E.C,

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street. E.C.

Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street. E.C.

Messrs. VV. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Euildinos.

Manchester. . lames & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.

Edinburgh.... Robeitson & Scolt, i^, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

^^ Copies of each yournal are filed at the
above Offices fot the use of Advertisers.

Works for tlie Possessors of Gardens.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earlev. Author of " How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown
ivo, with Coloured Frontis c?. Price +r. 6a.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price "js.

N GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-

DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price u.

OW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.

By William Earlev. Price is. stitched.

How TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earlev. Price is. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street, E.C.

O

H

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horiiculiural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since i£65, by F. BuRVE-
NiCH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H, J. van Hl'lle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
ment at GhenL Post-paid, \os. per annum.

H. r. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER,

To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,

It is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is Reliable,

because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable.

because it fore^-talls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hiits for the wrrkof the month, which alune
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more care'ully scrutmised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and becauie all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiiuns.

In add.tion to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles olTered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, 5J. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free, Remit by Post-office Order

on Nczo- Yofk or London.

B. K. BLISS & SONS. Publishers,

34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK, U.S.A.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.

— f'"ull particulars on application to A. B , Gardeners' C/17-onicle
Office, 41, Wellington Mreet, Sirand. London, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER where
three are kept. State age. w.iges, and last situation.
—Apply by letter only to G 99, C. Birchall, Advertising Agint,
Liverpool.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING
GARDENER, in a Gentleman's establishment,
64 miles from Town. Wages 21J. a week, with a cottage and
coals and wood found. — Apply by letter, stating experience,
and if married what family, to W. , Mr. Giffen, Grocer, Eed-
hampton, Hampshire.

WANTED, as Second Man, a thoroughly
competent GARDENER, principally in the Stove and
Greenhouses. One accustomed to Orchid Growing preferred, —
Apply, by letter, with references, statirg where last employed,
age, and salary required, to R. M., Cambridge Lodge, Flodden
koad, Camberwell, S.E.

WANTED, a GARDENER (from 25 to 30
years of age) for a Small Garden in Kent, to look
after Poultry and Pigs. Wages £1 per week. — T. A., Post
OIBce. Dartford, Kent.

WANTED, a FOREMAN, for Market
Plant Growing Department. Man accustomed to
Grow ior London Maiket preferred, — J. E., Gardenen'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, good GROWERS and PRO-
PAGATORS of Roses, Carnations, and small Shrubs.

— Write, stating experience, when disengaged, and pay
required for a permanent place, to J. POUNCE, Pounce's
Nursery, Hendon, near London.

WANTED, a thoroughly competent MAN,
who understands Gardening in all its branches, and who
would not object to take charge of Hor^e and Carriage and
make himself generally useful. Wages 17^. with good cottage
and garden.— Mrs. CROSHER, Foresltield, Loughborough.

WANTED, TWO young, active MENTlbr
Kitchen Garden Work. Permanent job, good wage^,
and free lodgings. —THE GARDENER, Dover House,
Roehampton, S.W.

WANTED, a YOUTH, about i7,7troiig^
one who has worked in a Nursery — to be under a first-
rate Gardener. One capable of taking charge of a pony preferred.
— J. L., Coswell House, Spring Grove. I.deworth.

R0£0 and Seed Trade.

WANTED, at Michaehiias, a CLERK.
Must be a good Correipondent and to Assist in the
Seed artd Bulb Trade. — Apply, stating age, experience, and
references, Ac, to GfclO. PRINCE, Market Street, (Oxford.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers. — Full
particulars as to experience, waRCS required. &c., to D. E. F.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 15?, Houndsditch, E.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, for a Florist

and Seed Shop, a young MAN, capable of Making
Wreaths and Bouquets. Preference given to one with a know-
ledge of the Seed Trade. Salary to commence with iSj. per
week. —A. B. C., Gardenfrs* Chronicle Off'ce, 41, Wcllinatnji
Street, Strand, W.C.

August 23, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

255

WANTED, as ASSISTANT FURNISHER,
a young Lai. MiKc iiivc li.id some experience —
Apiily, with Hill paTtic lar^ «s t-i agf, experience, and wanes
expecteii. wiili tcfeien cs, lo W. MILKS, 16 and r8, Climch
Ko.id, Hove. _^_

A\' ANTED, a sieiiriy and inclubirioiis younii

» ' MAN, 10 take clioig« ol a Ho.\er Stand; niirtt lie
a pond Salesman, srricily sjVer, and liavc good Ifcleiencea.—
J. HOUSE, Lliurch S;ree Peierl . r.^u-.h

WANT PLACES.

*** Gardeners and others seeking silnailons
are WARA'ED to be care/ id in their deal in^^s
with so-called Hflrticuttifil Ai;enls. and are
CAUTIONED ,\'OTtoSF.ND ST AMI'S or
MONEY to any Agent tin'ess they have good
reason to know that he is a responsOiie man,
likely to be able to fulfil his eigagements.

Tliev are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers ■who may be unknown to them, itith-
out a special application Jor th' same by letter.

n^HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

Jl company (John Cow^n), Limited, '1 h-; Vii,e\ard
and Nurseries, fiarston. are in a position to recnminecid a
capable iruslworthy Man as GARDENER and I'A K M

BAlLlFi'". 10 any Nobleman or Gentleman wh 5 may be in
want of such a man.

EICHARD SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Cardoncrs seeking situations, and lliat
ihey will be able to sunply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— JoHM DoWKiE. Seedvman* 141, Princei Sftet Edin-
burgh, has at present on his li=t a number of SCOTCH
GAKDENtRS, wailing rc-enga3ffm-;cts. at wag'-s rai.gir.g
from jCso to j^ioo f er annum and he will be please 1 lo su^-p-y
full paiiici..hr> 10 .niiy Nobleman or Gentleman requ.ring a ;ru-t-
worthy and competent Gardener.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon hi* Register
some excellent Men. competent either lo fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requirineany of the
above *ill please seud full particulars, when the best s^lectioDb
for the differt-ni capacities will be made. — Holloway. N,

To FRUIT and FLOWER SALESMEN,
or RETAIL. — Eng^igement wanted, as above, wilh a
view to PARTNER'^HIP. A°e 22. Good Accountant and
Correspondent. Could inlioduce Consicnments. — A. W., Gar-
deners' Chrofiirie Office, 41, Weliingtun Street, Strand, W.C.

G'ARDENER (Head). — Trustworthy and
' competent in Outdoor and Indoor Ganiening, Decoration,
&c. ConfidcuUy recommended by Mr. Der*icott, Gardener
to Sir H. Edwards. Gart . Pye Nest. Halifax-.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 35, married;
2ood Grower of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, and Flower
and Kitchen Garoener. — R. PARKER, Cuxwold Hall,
C^istor, Lincolnshire.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman, — Age 41, married, four children ; eightvears'
character ; twenty-one years Head in large establl^hment. —
J. KEEP, 23, Marsh Road, Newbury, Berk--.

GARDENER (Head), where others are
kept. — Age 28 ; thoroughly experienced in differtnt
branches of Gardenir.g, Go^d leferences from present and
previous places. — W, W., T. H. Sutton, The Garden?, Works ip
Rlaaor, Notts.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough Practical
Man. — Age 42. married, no encumbrance ; leaving through
death in the family.— SAMUEL PICKERSGILL, Newton,
near Falkingham, Lincolashire.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— The Head
Gardener, Avin^ton Park, Winchester, can with con-
fidence recommend his Foreman, who has been with him eight
years, to any Lady or Gent'emm requiring a thorough urac-
tical, enercetic. and trusiwonhv Gardener, — Addre'S as above.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a good practical Gardener,— Mr.
Hrndpw^om, Gardener tv J. Deacon, Esq.. MahKdon Park,
Tonbndge, wishes to recommend his Foreman, Wm. Couzens,
as above. Total abstainer.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 31, married.—

Mr. IRON^IO^GER. Grai^Iey Hill. Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his late HeadGardtner, who is thoroughly
competent to undertake the charge of any Lady's or Gentle-
man's Garden in all its req lirements. Has had considerable
expetience at some of the leading places in England. — E.
GWYNNE. Railway Road, Alvechurch. near Reddiich.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45, three child-
ren (youngest nine year;.); thoioughly understands all
kinds of Forcing, and the Growing of all kinds of Fruits, Vege-
tables, &c.; also ihe Laying-out and Planting of New Grounds,
and the thorough Management of a good Garden. Eleven
years in last situiiion.— A. B., 35, Rosamond Cottages, Glover's
Road R-^ieafe.

/GARDENER (Head).— Age 28, single till

\~f settled in a situation ; has been six years Foreman (and
still is) in the Gardens at Swanmore Park, Bishop's Waltham,
and previou-lv in other good gardens, from all of which he can
have the highest testimonials as lo gardenmg abilities, trust-
worthiness, and industry. Can be highly recommended by
W. H. Myers, Esq , Swanmore Park, Bishop's Waltham, as
well as the Head Gardener, E. Molyneux,— M., Swanmore
Park, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

GARDENER (Head); age 31.— E. Brown
is open to tieat v/ith any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
man as above : ihDrou^liIy ellicient in all brai.chcs of his busi-
ness, and usud to the Management of Men. Fiist-dass charac-
ter — E. Brown, Head Gardener, Widmore LodKC, Bromley,
Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age z^^
married, three chikirtn ; thoiouyhly e.vpcricnced in alt
branches. Good character. Le-iving tlirough death.— HEAD
Gardener, Vinccr.t LodRe, Kedtand, liristol.

/^JARDENER (Head Working).— Age Zo,

V.^ married, two childien. Thoroughly experienced lu ;iii
branches of the profession. Excellent references. — GAR-
DENER, Donningtou Grove, riCir Newbury.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
ihree in family ; disengaged at Michaelmas; twenty
years' experience. Highest references. — GAKDENE K,
Cazenove House. Clapbam Common, S W.

GARDENER(He.\d Working).— Thorough
prartical experience in all branches of the profes-ioi'.
Over three ytars in present situation, — G.ARDEN ER, '1 lie
Cottage, Wooofield Road, Mosetey, Bitmingham.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
more are kept. — Age 35, married ; ihoroughly practical
boih Indoors and Out. Twenty years' experience in good
Gardens, incluriinc New-.ell and Bramham Paiks. Five 3 cars
n Uit p'.Tce. — W C, Be'i;jh Nursery, Southend. Essex.

GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 41,
mairied. no children ; thoroughlv cnmpeleut in all
branches of Gardenir.g. District prefetrL-d, S.W. Good cha-
racter given from present employer. — W. B., Everleigh Lodge,
East Barnet. Hsits.

C GARDENER (Head Working). — Tho-
■^ roughly understands Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons,
Early and Late Forcuig, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Fiist-cla^sreferences. — F. E.,
7, F.irk Road, ChislehurU

"Z^ARDENER (He\d Working).— Age 38,

VJ married, two children ; understands Vines, McluiiS,
Cucnmber-i, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fiower and Kitchen
Gardening. Go^d character. — B. B, Whiily Road, Rye
Ccmmon, Hoddesdon, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,
b-ingle ; thirteen years' thorough practical experience and
thoroughly understands the Management of Vmes, Peaches.
Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower
and Kitchen Gardening, &c. G)od character from present and
previous employer. — 3, Turk Street, Alton, Hants.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
more are kept. — Married, no encumbrance ; highly
respectable, energetic, and liustworlhy. Twenty-six years'
practical experience in all branches of a first-class place. Super-
intend Land and Stock if required. E.tcellent character and
testimonials. Satisfactory reasons fjr leaving. — M, R ,
Gardens, Springwood, Dartford. Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working), or FORE^

MAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER, in Private
place, cr in Nursery and Florist Busiiress. — Age 3(, married;
energetic and well-experienced man, who particularly under-
scandb Growing and Forcing of Lily of the Valley and all choice
Florists' Flowers, Feras, &c. — L, M. N.,GarjgHers' Chrc7iicle
Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

0:j.ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
" HANDun).- Age 26, married; eleven years' practical
experience in all branches. High reference. — G. F., 2, Elm
Terrace, Elm Road, Kingston-on-Thames.

/':j;ARDENER (He.ad, or good SlNGLE-

VJ handed) to any Lady or Gentleman.- Ace 25; g^^od
practical experience in all branches. Can be highly recm-
mended from previous and present employer. — A. TOLLHV,
Nunwell Park, Braduig, Isle of Wight.

GARDENER.— Age 20. Inside preferred;
has no objection to a little outside work. Three and a
half years* giod character. — E. SMAILES, Cemetery Road,
Malton, Yorkshire.

GARDENER, \vhere one or two are kept.—
Age 29, married, no family : fifteen years' experience
both indoors and out. Gocd experience in Early and Late
Forcinp^. Ex;ellent references. — S. R., Pleasant Row, Dittun,
near Aylesford, Kent.

GARDENER (German), who has for a number
of years been employed in France and Engldnd, who --peaks
English, and is thoroughly at home in ihe Cultivation of Fruits,
Flowers and Vegetables, seeks engagement, if possible with a
German family. — K. H,. 47. Union Street, Commerci.-tl Road, E.

GARDENER (FLOWER or Kitchen), where
two or three are kept, — Age 22 ; four years' good cha-
racter, — H. C, 59, Woodcote Place, Chapel Road, Lo*er
Norwood, S.E.

GARDENER (good Single-handed).—
Age 26 ; understands Gardening in all branches. Over
fL.ur yeais" good character from last place, Abstainer.— G. S.,
Arlington House, V/est Ham Lane, Stratford, E.

GARDENER (good SINGLE-HANDED, or
otherwise). — Age 27, married; understands Vines.
Peaches, and Flower and Kitchtn Gardening. Can be well
recommended. — C. EDWARDS, 10, Newiogton Pkce,
Windsor.

GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 23~i
good character. Total abstainer — G. GRAHAM, 17,
Dartrey Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).
— Age 25. single ; understands Vines, Peaches, Meloi s.
Cucumber. Flower and Kitchen Gardening, One year and
nine months' good character. — C. W., 55, Upper Park Road,
Hampstead, N.W.

ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURN'eY-

MAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 2r ;
good character. Bolhy preferred.— A. WRIGHT, The Gardens,
West Harding HaU, Thet/ord, Norfolk,

GARDENER (Second), or as FLOWER
and KITCHEN GARDENER.— AsejS ; Et^od refer-
ences — F. E . Albion News Room*, Blackfnars Biidjie. S.E.

/:j.AKDENER (Under).— Age 18, respect-

V.^ able; four and a half years' good eharacter. — For par-
licnlars. apply to G. H. WILSON, Esq., Redgrave, Diss,

N.irf..lk.

C:' ARDENER (UNDER), in a good establish-
■^ ment, to work in the Houses and outside. — Age 23,
single; six years' good character from a well-known family.
Bothy piefetred. — H. SMITH, 2, Sheep Street, Cirencester,
Gloucestershire.

FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25 ;
eleven yearb' experience ; understands Furnishinj; and
Table Decoration.— W. LAKER, The Gardens, Bayham
Abbey, Lamberhurst, Kent.

FOREMAN, in ihe Houses, in an establish-
ment whei e Gardening is conducted with spirit, especially
Fruit Cultu'e.- Age24 Excellent references. — W. G., Messrs.
Caraway & Co.. Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol.

FOREMAN.— The Advertiser will be dis^
engaged towards the end of the present month, and would
be glad to meet with any Gardener in want of a thoroughly
practical man. — A, F , CarJensn' Chronicle Ofhce, 41, Wcliing-
lon Street, Strand, W.C.

I:j^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26; ten
years' good practical experience in the Propagating and
Growing of Stove and tjreenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches,
Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references. — A. W., Munii,
Stationer. Elgin Road, Maida Vale, W.

FOREMAN (General or Indoor).— Mr.
Warn, Gardener to P. D. Gtiafell, Esq., Hatchland
Park, can with every confidence recommend his Foreman to
any Gardener requiring a tlioroujjhly praciicj'l energetic man.
Twelve years' experience.— JOSEPH HUMPHREYS, The
Girdens, HatchUnd P.irk, Guildford, Surrey.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Assistant), in a good Nursery.
— Age 23 ; several years' experience in General Nursery
Work. Could act as Salesman in absence of Principal, Steady.
Good references. — 'G. G., Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent.

OREMAN, or FOREMAN and PROPA-

GATOR- — Well up in the Trade, and thoroughly under-
stands Growing for the London Marktis, Twenty yeais'
experience in Fruit and Choice Cut Flowers. — A. B., Mr,
Smith's, Brighton Road, Surbiton, Surrey.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JO URN E Y mTn in
the Houses. — Age 24 : nine jears" experience. Good
character.— HENRY TICKNER, 14, Auckland Road, Tun-
bridge Wells.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR, Stove, Greenhouse, and
Soft-wooded.— Age 25 ; five years in present place in
London Nursery. — H. KIDDLE, Lee's Nurseiy, Wood Lane,
Isleworth.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 25 ;
eleven years in London Nurseries. Well up in Grafting
Roses and Rhododendrons, Clemitis, Conlfera^, &c. — .\. B.,
2, Richmond Villas, Chapel End, WalihamstoW.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good

t' establishment. — Age zt. — A. D.. Gardenett* Ckroiticie
Office, 4t, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.—
[. Ji^FFERSON, Carlton House, Woiksop, Notts, wishes
to recommend a young man who has served under him for the
past two and a half years.

JOURNEYMAN (Indoors or Out), in a
good Garden. — Agc 23 ; go:)d character from fast and
previous places. Bothy preferred. — J. LEE, Nun Monkton,
near York.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— A Head

-*- Gardener wivhes to place his son (a^e j8) as above. —
HEAD GARDENER, Tetton House, Taunton.

TMPROVER, under a Head Gardener.—

J- Age 20 : can b-*. well recommended. Two years in last
situation. — F. ARCHF.R, 6, Capworth Street, Leyton, Essex.

IMPROVER. — Age 21, with seven years' ex-
perience r desires a situation where he can further Improve
himself in the Houses. Total abstainer. Good character from
present He.id Gardener.— WILLIAM CANN, 19, Waterloo
Place. North Shields.

'Y^O~GARDENERS.— ^5 Premium"oifre"d

-■- to any Gardener of a good establishment that will
take a young man (age 18) under a Foreman, where he can be
t.-tught the General Routine of House Work. — T, L. W., 6,
Geoige's Cottages, Stoke Bishop, Bristol.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Nine years'
experience in English and Irish Houses. First-cla.'S
references. — J. ROREKio, i, Canada Street, BeKast.

To tne Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 24 ; ten
years' experience in the Retail and Wholesale 'Trade ;
also a knowledge of Florists' Trade. — A. A. C., 14, Canon
Roat', Kornsey Vale, London, N.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
— Ever Useful. — The afflicted by illness bhou'd look
their diseases fully in the fiice, and at once seek a remedy for
them. A short search will convince the most sceptical that
these noble medicaments have afforded ease, comfort, and often-
times complete recoveiy, to the most tortured sufferers. 1 he
OINTMENT will Cure all descriptions of Sores, Wounds, Bad
Legs, Sprains, Eruptions, Erysipelas, Rheumatism, Gout, and
Skin Afil'^:ctions ; the PILLS never fail in Correcting and
Strengthening the Stomach, and in Restoring a Deranged
Liver to a wholesome condition, in Rousing Torpid Kidneys
to increase their secretion, and in re-establishing the natural
healthy activity of the Bowels. Holloivay's are the remedies
for complaints of all classes of socisty.

256

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 23, 1884.

THE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Poiler.
Distinguishedfor Us Durability, Efficiency, and Economy cf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we

are acquainted.

Price of Boiler
, Heat of and 'set of

^°S- ^.in. Pipe. Fittings.

A. 19 in. 150 feet £,S 10 o

*■ ' 300

400
500
600
700
850
loco

1250

i5^o

2000

8 5

9 10
10 15

17 5

K, 60 in

* Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c-

Says a Gardener of great experience ; — " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It IS the best for keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anvthing." " It will become a universal favourite "

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boileis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, lire bars and dead plate complete, and
a»d 6 feet of funnel. This is called ihe *' LITTLE
WONDER." If is fixed io the end or side
wall of conservstory by any bricklayer : the
funnel running up just outside the gUs-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, £,^ 15 ; loofeet size. ^5 15^.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Hanker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Diawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on applicaiioa

The Original and only Genuine Stevens'
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

E.Qce;.t y Improvei and Reduced In Price. S

HOT- WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High Quality. Largest Stcck iit tJu Coutitry.
4-inrh Pines, ir. (-d. ner lard.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle,

Stafford Bbire. This Advertisement appears akernate weeks.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS

NORWICH,

AND H EATI N G
ENGINEERS.

VINERIES

Erected in correct style by

comfjeteni men.

CONSERVATORIES.

GREENHOUSES

For all parts of the World of first-
class materials.

GARDEN TKAMES OF EVERY VARIETY in Stock or Made to Order.

No. 74 Tlireequarter
Span-roof Garden
Frame.

Ca?h Prices,

Carriage

Paid.

No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. .£4 15 o

No. 3 . . 12 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 6 jo o

No. 4 .. 16 feel long .. 6 feet wide .. 850

These Frames are 11 inches deep ia front, az inches deep at

back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turn over.

Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of

best oil colour, the lights glazed with best ki-oz. English glass.

General CA TALOGUE poit-free, ivjenty-fow

No. 75. Melon or Cucumber Frames.

Ca!.h Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. .£3 7 6
No. 3 . . 12 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 417 6
No. 4 . . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . , 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 14 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
coloui, the lights glazed with 2r-oz. English glass.
penny stamps. Estimates and Lists post-free.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

LEAD

GLAZING.

Section of a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require 00
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

Section of a li'indoiv Sash-Bar be/ore and
after Giazing.

THE

SOLE

PATENT

MANUFACTURERS

LEAD

OF

STRIPS,

Write for Prospectus, Illustrations,
and Testimonials.

(Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia "Works, Wharf Road. City Road, N.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

Cold

and

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON,

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. „i

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

suver and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, lAtk edition, price \s.

Medals ^ ' -f

Price List on application Free.

S.E

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22, 1S83.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or g

the Materials supplied.

»< Sec Gii'dtniri Ckrmidt, June 7, 1883.

Prmr.TlSvv.^^r d"^ "" "^ *" ^^^^rcsed to "The Editor:" Adverlisemtnts and Business Letters t„ "The Publisher." at the Office, 41. WellinEton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
ih, c^l. wl, , .... li KlCHARns at the Office of Messrs. Phaobubv. Ar.NRW, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitcfriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by

the satd William Kiceiards, at the Office, 4,, VVellmeton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent G.i.den, in thi said County.-SATHRrAV, August 53. 1884.

Agent (or Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J, Men/.ies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

I

XX

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Cstatjltsfieti 1841.

No. 557.— Vol. XXII. {s^R^Es.} SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1884.

(Registered at the General } Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. rPoBT-FREE, Shd.

CONTENTS.

Alpine garden, the

267

Primulas, diseases of ..

3(S

Apples, early, for the Icit-

Propagator, the .
Ripeninc; the wood

370

chen

264

373

CaUuthe CurtUii

2D2

kubus chamaemorus

2 S

Capparis spinosa . .

276

Rudbeckia

3^

Caiileya Bryraeriana ..

Russia, horticultural

Ccbham

2-)(

notes m

3i;i

Colonial notes

36g

Salisbury Plain ..

27>

Conifers, dimensions o( a

Smut in Primula fari-

few rare..

2fH

nosa

»77

DatnsoDS

273

St. PetersburK Interna-

Dry season, the effects of

27J

tional Exhibition

'•■74

Krica Mamockiana

364

Societies : —

Fljiists* flowers ..

36g

Basingstoke Horticul-

Flowers in season

267

tural

2 1)

Foieitry Exhibition

26:t

Devon and Exeter Hor-

Fniits under glass

271

ticultural

2Sj

Fuchsias at Trowbridge

Hastings and St, Le:i-

Show

277

nard's Floncultural

Craiden, Mr. Brockbank's

267

and Horticultural ..

28.

., Yorkshire, a

274

National Carnation and

Grapes at Heck field

376

Picotee Society ;

Hypericum Coris

2t.a

Northern Section ..

2;S

Itiventions, new ..

271

Royal Horticultural ..

277

1 X ->ra niacrothyrsa

2^7

Shrewsbury Horticul-

Obituary

281

tural

28 (

Orchard, a profitable ..

276

Trowbridge Horticul-

Orchid bouquet, a royal

272

tural

2ii.>

Pa.^ley

277

Weston - super - Mare

Ph.ilffiQOpsis violacea var

Horticultural

27^

H--urinEiana ..

26a

Tomato Chiswiclc Red ..

276

Plants, new garden

26=

Urocystis primulicola ..

26S

,, the death of

264

Vine, Santa Barbara, the

,, and their culture . .

270

Weather, the

2m

Plant po; traits ..

275

Wild gardening at the

PoTiulacas at Reading ..

726

Wilderness, Reading..

37t)

ILLUSTRATIONS.

£iica Marnockiana .. .. 365

DamiOQs ,. . . ., .. .. . . . . .. 373

Urocystis primulicola . . . . . . . , . . s&S, 269

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

T

Now Beady, In clotb, 16s.,
HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXI., J.'VNUARV to JUNE, i88j
W. RICHARDS, 41, Welliuglon Strett, Strand, W.C.

FIFTY THOUSAND AZALEA MOLLIS.
Good plants, showing from 15 to 20 buds, £2 los. per 100 ;
10 to 15 buds, jCt 15J. per too ; 8 to 12 buds, £1 los per 100.
Plants ready for forcing in a year's growing, very best stiifi*. soj,
per ICO ; smaller ones, 14;, per 100. Planted-out Seedlings of
the very best growth, jd lof. per 1000, 7^. 61J. per 100.
Samples sent free ti London till September 15, 1884.

OvE. BURVENICH-DE WIN NE, The Rose and Palm
Nursery, Gentbrugge, near Ghent, Belgium.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (seme
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
»hade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
Bedding, from 12J. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants. Dcsciptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL~beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, ihat their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common, S.W.

"J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

i IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :—C H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.

CRYSTAL PALACE.
GREAT ANNUAL FRUIT EXHIBITION and
GREAT NATIONAL DAHLIA SHOW. FRIDAY and
SATURDAY, Sept. 5 and 6. For Schedules, &c , apply
to W. G. HEAD. Garden Superintendent, Crystal Palace.

N.B. — At the Hardy Fruit Show, October 6 to 11, a Cup is
offered by Messrs. Northard & Co., ;o, Tooley Street, London,
for the best e.xhibition of American and Nova Scotian Apples,
to which the Crystal Palace Company add £,-^ to the Cup as a
1st Prize, £,s ^^ ^ ^d Prize, and £,i as a 3d Prize.

DUNDEE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
GRAND INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL
EXHIBITION wiU be held in Dundee on SEPTEMBER
Jt, ij, and 13 next. Upwards of ONE THOUSAND

Pounds, along with 3 veitch mehorial medals,

offered in Prizei. Entiies Close on September 4- Schedules
may be had on application to jj p gCOTT, Secretary.

EGYAL CALEDONIAN

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The AUtUMN FRUIT and FLOWER SHOW will be
held in the Waverley Market, EdinburEh, on SEPTEM BER r?
and 18, being the week following the International Fruit and
Flower Show at Dundee. Prize Lists free on application to
Mr. YOUNG. 18, Waverley Maiket. '

TNTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS

JL EXHIBITION. London, 1885.

Division I., INl'ENTIOXS. DivisioM 11., MUSIC.

Fairon~Ws.R Majesty the Qt-EEN.

Prtsident—K.'R.V. IHE Prince of Wales. KG.

APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on

Printed FormF, \ihich will be supplied on aoplication to the

SECRETARY. International Inventions Exhibition, South

Kensington, S.W. These mtist be filled up and returned on

or beioie OCTOBER t, 1884.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.— Fine sample on
hand, and arriving Price on application.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

VINES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, and
APRICOTS in Pots. The leading kinds.
WILL TAVLER, Osbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

E.xotic

Established 1860.

Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.

T V. REES (late Robert Parker),

f-' • Nursery. Tooting, Surrey. S.W.

DELPHINIUMS. IRIS GKRMANICA, PHLOXES,
POTENTILLAS, PEONIES. &c. Selections of lOO showy
varieties for Rockwork or Border, from soj. Orders booked for
autumn planting.

K

ELWAY'S

Double and Single.

A

PYRETH RUMS,

Now is the time to plant.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free of
KELWAV AND Son, Langport.

Daffodil. Daffodilly, DaffodowndilUes.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON. II, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

RIMULAS. — PRIMULAS.—

CINERARIAS.— Nice Plants, ready for potting, of the
finest Covent Garden strains, IS. 6d. per tlozen, loJ. per 100.
Twelfth year of distribution.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New ( I S84) and
old English and Foreign sorts, from iSj. to 36^. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

FRICAN TUBEROSES.— Our supply of

Bulbs is now arriving, in fine quality.
HOOPER and CO., Covent Garden. London, W.C.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOM ATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

*J giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower

Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE o( MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

WrANTED, 1000 Cuttings of MacMahon

»» Bronze GERANIUMS. Lowest cash price to
CHARLES KERSHAW. Slead hyke Nurseiies. Brighouse.

Y\rANTED,goodGERANIUM CUTTINGS

» T of the following varieties :— Vesuvius, Henri Jacohy,
Master Christine. Virgo Mane. Black Dougla.';. MacMahon,
Sophie Dumaresque, Mrs. Pollock, Mrs. John Glutton, Flower
of Spring, Prince Silverwings, Crystal Palace Gem, and otter
good sorts. Send sample and price per loo or looo. to

DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.

WANTED, Double-White NARCISSUS,
Latge Roots, Price per scoi.
GROWER. Willing's Newspaper Advertisement Offices,
123. Strand, W.C.

ANTED, Choice HOLLYHOCKS.—

Address, FERRIT, Fairview, Daitmouth Park
Avenue. Highgate Hill, Middlesex, N.

WANTEDJ-an^hireLad GOOSEBERRY
(strtmg plantsV State price per tco or 1000.
T. METHVEN AND SONS, Leiih Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh.

WANTED, about 40 yards of good stiff
YELLOW FIBRY LOAM. A sample required.
L. WALTON, Carman and Contractor, Paik Road, Chisle-
hurst West.

FLORIST'S FLOWERS.— I beg to intimate
that my Grand Collection of PANSIES, PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS, ANTIRRHINUMS, DAHLIAS, Single
and Double, are now in fine ilower at my Nursery, Beech Hill,
near Edinburgh. Inspection invited.
JOHN DOWNIE, Nurseryman, 1^4. Princes St., Edinburgh.

CUTTINGS — CUTTINGS.— 95,000 of
Mrs. Siiikins, the largest, hardiest, and best of all White
CLOVE PINKS, y. for 50, sr. per too : rooted. 20J. per too.
CUVTINGS-Best Border CARNATIONS, CLOVKS, and
PICOTEES, 5J. 60'. for 50, loj. per i<o.

All post free for cash.
W. WEALE, Carnation Gardens, Cliveden Koad,Taplow, Bucks.

LUDDEMANN'S ORCHIDS. — In

• consequence of the death of M. LUddemaiin, the
whole of his superb collection of Orchids, so widely known to
Orchid Growers, will be SOLD in one lot on SEPTEMBER ii,
1884. at Bourg-la-Reioe, near Paris, at 2 pm.

For particulars apply to Mr. HORD^, GrefFier, at Sceaux
(Seine), France.

To the Trade.

WM. CROWE begs to offer the following
• BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 6o"s. fit for
shifting into 48's at once : — Jasmmoides, Humb. corymbiflora,
Alf. Neuner, Dazzler, Queen of Roses, &c., 221. Gii. per 100,
,£10 per 1000 ; or my selection, in eight lo ten sorts, 901. per
too, X^9 per 1000; President Garfield 'new), double pink, 4^.
per dozen, 28J. per 100. LIST of PALMS, FERNS, &c., on
application. Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.

Hyacinths. TiQlps. Crocus, LUles, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, EC.

Hyacmtns, Tulips, Crocuses. Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBURG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

BULB CATALOGUE, now ready, containing
List of Dutch Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, great variety
of Narcissus, Daffodils, and Lilies, &c. , hae been Posted to all
our Customers ; any one not having received same will oblige US
by letting us know, when another Copy will at once be posted.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street. Strand, W.C.

H^ ERBACEOUS and ALPINE~P]LANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

EW YELLOW CARNATION,

"PRIDE of PENSHURST."

A marvellously free bloomer and vigorous grower, perfectly

hardy, forces well.

Plants ready about October, Price 51. a pair.

Cash with Order. Trade Price on application.

F. BRIDGER. Penshurst Place, Penshurst.

Flcus elasticus.

HB. MAY offers well lurnished Plants, in
• 48-pots. 18 to 24 inches high, at i8j. per dozen
130J. per ICO. Packing free. Cash with order.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Edmonton.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Btilbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, is. 6d. each; L. Wallichianum, zj. tti.
and 35. 6d. each; L. polyphyllum, 21. 6d. and 3J. 6d. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. Ail Orders for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready lo lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Koiagiri. Nilgiris, India.

TRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4s. per

100. Plants, in small pots. i6j. perioo; ditto, in large
pots, 251. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester,

Strawberries.

OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of
the most approved varieties is now ready, and will be
sent post-free on application.

THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworih, Kens.

TRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large

6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price 15^. per
100, free to London, LIST. Trade Terms, &c , on application.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-
ing varieties, well-rooted, 3J. per 100, free. SCOTT'S
WASP DE,STROYER, the most effectual mixture for destroying
wasps —JOHN SCOIT and CO., Roy.tl Nurseries, Merriott.

LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties with Prices on amplication.
"A Book about Strawbeiries," -^d.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

FOR SALE CHEAP, 30 fine Fruiting
PEACH TREES in Pots.— For names, price, and
description, apply to

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near KidderminJter.

258

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 18S4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.
BULBS-BULBS-BULES.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCriON. at his Great Rooms, 38, King Strett,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week AS above,
large consiRnments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyeis. The Sales com-
mence at half-past rz o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6617.)
CATTLEYA AUREA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION^ at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, September 4, at half-past 12 o'Cclock precisely,
an exra fine importation of CATTLEYA AUREA. This
Cattleya is now extremely rare. Also a fine lot of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM SCEPTRUM, some fine L^LIAS, ODONTO-
GLGSSUMS.and CATTLEVAS. &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues h3<3^

Distinct Looking LsUa, wltU Leaves 20 Inclies Long
nnd 4 Inches Wide.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, September 11,
a fine importation of an extraordinary large leaved L/ELIA in
fine condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

15 Cases of Orchids from Brazil, Burmali, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, September ti, at hilf-past
12 o'clock precisely, a grand Importation of L/ELIA PUR-
PUR ATA. SOPHRON IT ES GRAND I FLO RA.'CATTLEY A
INTERMEDIA, C LEOPOLDI, C. GRANDIS. ONCI-
DIUM CRISPUM. DENDROBES of sorts, COELOGYNES,
CYMBIDIUMS, &c.

On view niornirg of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Estatillsbed Orclilds.— Without Reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY,
September 11, without reserve, the COLLECTION of
ORCHIDS formed by the late Alexander Gillespie, Esq., of
Weybridge ; a'so a small Collection of STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS.

Further particulars in future Advertisements.

Ecoleston Nursery, Prescot.
IMPORTANT SALE of excellent NURSERY STOCK,
HOLLIES, RHODODENDRONS, AUCUBAS, AN-
DROMEDAS. YEWS, LIME TREES, CAMELLIAS,
CONIFERS, and other valuable productions, which have
been transplanted within three years.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
are instructed by Mr. John Stead, to SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, September 24, at 12 o'clock
prompt, at Eccleston Nursery, Prescot. Lancashire, about
30C0 valuable EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

The whole may be inspected one week prior to Sale, and
Catalogues obtained from Mr. STEAD, or now on application
to the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (next door but one to
Benn«t's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'CIock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

NORTH BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS.

Unreserved Sale of an Importation received direct in splendid

condition.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68 Cheapside, E.C. on TUESDAY NEXT, Septem-
ber 2, at half-oast 12 o'CIock precisely, a magnificent importa-
tion of CATTLEYA ELDORADO, including probably such
varieties as ALBA, VIRGINALIS, SPLENDENS, WAL-
LISII, and others, many of the masses having from twenty to
thirty bulbs each; CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS,
C. SUPERBA, GALEANDRA DEVONIANA, and other
ORCHIDS : together about 350 lots.

May be viewed morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED .and IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, Septem-
ber 2, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworlh, Carder & Co., a fine
imoortation of CATTLEYA MENDELI. C. TRIAN,E, C
ClTRINA, EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS. and
a magnificent lot of MASDEVALLIA HAKRYANA, just
received from the same ground as their former import^ttions.

Also about 100 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, several
of which are in flower.

4COO IMANTOPHVLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS,
from the Cape ; and a consignment of TREE FERNS, DEN-
DROBIUMS, and KENTIA FOSTERIANA (Palms), in
store pots, received direct from Lord Howe's Island.

On view morning of Sale, and Ca:alogues had.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA IMPERI ALIS (fine form of C. gigas).

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Ceotral Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 5, at haif-
past 12 o'CIock precisely, a very grand imporution of CATT-
LEYA IMPERIALiS, in fine masses and splendid condition.
This Cattleya is a very free blooming form of gieas. and from
the locality whence they come the very best named varieties
exhibited during the past years have flowered. Individually
the (lowers are larger and the lip more brilliant ihan in the
ordinary form of C. gigas.

The Sale will also contain many other VALUAULE
ORCHIDS.

Od view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Great Horticultural Sals Week.

IMPORTANT NOTICE to NURSERYMEN and

FLORISTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROK and MORRIS
beg to call special attention to the following SALES
of HEATHS and other PLANTS, all of which have been
arranged to take place the same week.

Their Sales for this particular week will comprise in the
ageregate nearly 8000 lots, and have been arTanged in this
manner to enable country buyers to attend them all during the
one visit to London.

Offices and Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Lee, Kent, S.E..

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE.

To commence punctually at 11 o'CIock, in consequence of the

unusually large number of 1 140 lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. B.
MaUer, to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The Burnt
Ash Nursery. Lee, Kent, S.E., adjoining the Lee Railway
Station, on TUESDAY, September 16, at 11 o'CIock preciiely.
20,000 Winter-blooming HEATHS, beautifully grown, and well
set with bloom buds, and which are unsurpassed in the Trade,
comprising :—

i5,oco Erica hyemalis
3,coo „ gracilis
1,000 ,, caffra'

Large quanlities of ventri-
cosa, grandinosa, melan-
thera, and others

Thousands of Erica hyema-
lis in small pots, for grow-
ing on

1003 Epacrts

iijoo Decorative Palms

1000 Grevillea robusta

7000 Solanum capsicastrum,

well berried
2000 Adiantum cuneatum, gra-
cillimum. and Pacotti
1000 Cyclamen persicum
icoo Ampelopsis Veitchii
6coo Eouvardias. including the
double white and
red Alfred Neuner,
and Prcsideiit Gar-
field
2003 Genistas

Mare-chal Niel and other dwarf ROSES; 600 PASSION-
FLOWERS, English grown; AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS,
double white PRIMULAS, extra strong ;:STEPHANOTIS,
HOYAS. GARDENIAS, and other Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 61, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B. The Auctioneers desire to call attention to this Annual
Sale. The Stock is in unusually fine condition, as in previous
years, and intending purchasers are invited to inspect it.

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton, E.
UNRESERVED SALE. EXPIRATION of LEASE.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER FLOWER-
ING HEATHS and other PLANTS, by order of Mr.
John Fraser.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Lea firidge Road Nurseries, Leyton. E., close to Hoe
Street railway station, on WEDNESDAY, September 17, at
It o'clock precisely (in consequence of there being upwards of
I zoo lots), without reserve, many thousands of winter-blooming
and other HEATHS, remarkably well grown, includuig
hyemalis, gracilis, hybtida, candidissima, Parmentiera [rosea,
persoluta alba, and others : EPACRIS of the choicest kinds,
1500 AZALEA INDICA, 2000 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM,
1000 GENISTA KRAGRANS, Tea-scented and Noisette
ROSES, SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM in berry, several
hundreds of well-grown CAMELLIAS, wsll set with bloom ;
CLEMATIS ItlDIVISA LOBATA, rurd other GREEN-
HOUSE CLIMBERS: 1500 early flowering CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS, 200 Marichal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to
10 feet : a large quantity of fine plants of AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, a variety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS, fine
healthy young plants of LAPAGERIA ALBA and ROSEA
SUPERBA, a beautiful lot of about 300 ARAUCARIA
EXCELSA. CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, a splendid lot of
variegated IVIES, and other stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Brunswict Nursery, Totteniain.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of Winter-blooming

HEATHS, and other PLANTS, by order of Mr. John Mailer.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Brunswick Nursery, "Tottenham, on THURSDAY, Septem.
ber 18. at 11 o'CIock precisely, many thousands of exceptionally
well-grown Winter-blooming HEATHS and other PLANTS,
F,ull particulars of which will appear next week.

Sldcup, Kent, S.E.
GREAT TRADE SALE
Of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS and other PLANTS,
comprising probably one of the largest Stocks ever offered
in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Gregory & Evans to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Lungland's Nursery.
Sidcup (about ten minutes' walk from Pope Road Station, South
Eastern Railway), on FRIDAY, September 19, at 11 o'CIock
punctually, in consequence of there being upwards of loco lots,

40,000 WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS,
which are parlicularlv well grown and beautifully set with
flower, consisting of
15,000 Erica hyemalis I 4000 Genistas

10,000 ,, gracilis I 3000 Solanums, well berried

5,oco ,, persoluta alba I 2000 Adiantums
5,000 ,, Cavendishi zooo Cinerarias

5.000 ,1 ventricosa | 1000 Double Primulas

and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

N.B. — Messrs. Gregory & Evans in announcing this, the first
of their Annual Sale-';, beg to call the attention of the Trade to
their uiiriv.illed Slock of ERICA HYEMALIS, GRACILIS,
ADIANTUMS, &c., as advertised above, the whole being in
unusually fine condition. The Stock will be offered in extra
large lots and an inspection is invited.

Freliminary Notice.

The well known collection of ORCHIDS, formed by
Oscar Lamarche, Esq., of Liege.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions by Oscar Lamaiche, Esq.,
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
63 Cheapside. E.C, EARLY IN OCTOBER, his entire
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, which enjoys a reputation
probably unequalled on the Contment.

Fortttcomlng Bales.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce their FORTHCOMING SALES,
which have been aheady fixed in addition to those advertised

EVERY° MONDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.—
SALES of DUTCH BULBS, at their Central Auction
Rooms.

EVERY FRIDAY.-SALES of IMPORTED ORCHIDS, at
the Sale Rooms.

TUESDAY, Sept. 9.— SALE of 228 I'i SHARES in the
WEST HAM GAS COMPANY, at the Swan Hotel,
Shalford.

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 10 —SALE of FURNITURE and
EFFECTS, at Gerner's Cottage, Loughton, by order of the
Executors of the late Mr. Thos. Settles.

TUESDAY, Sept. 23.-TRADE SALE of PALMS, FERNS,
and other PLANTS, at the Rose Nursery, High Street,
Clapham, by order ol Mr. G. B. Fischer.

WEDNESDAY, Sept. s4,-CLEARANCE SALE of ihe
whole of the STOCK in TRADE, at the Haver Green
Nursery, Ealing.

WEDNESDAY. Sept. 24 -SALE of HOUSEHOLD FUR-
NITURE, at Harcourt House, Leytonstone, by order of
the Executors of the late Mr. J. Bishop.

THURSDAY, Sept. 25.-SALE of the BENEFICIAL
INTEREST in the LE-\SE, also the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS and STOCK, at The Swiss Nursery, Angel
Road, Brixton, S.E., by order of Mr. Dowliug. _„„„

TUESDAY, Oct. 7 —SALE, at The Mart, of 12 FREE
HOLD RESIDENCES in Earlham Grove, Forest Gate,
all let and producing ^360 per annum, by order of the
Mortgagees. _ .„ . .

Also PLOTS of FREEHOLD LAND at Walthamstow
and Leyton.

FREEHOLD RESIDENCES at Leytonstone, and
PLOT of GROUND at Cowes, being the surplus proper-
ties of the late Mr. J. Keates. by order nf the Executors.

WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, Oct. S anU' 9.— CLEAR-
ANCE SALE nf the whole of the NURSERY STOCK,
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, HOUSEHOLD FURNI-
TURE aEd EFFECTS, at The Nursery, Dyke Road,
Brighton, by order of the Executors of the late Mr. Thomas

TUESDAY, Oct. 14.— Sale of well grown FRUIT TREES,
at Osborne's Nursery, Hampton, by order of Mr. W.
Tayler.

MONDAY, Oct. 20 and four tollowing days.— GREAT SALE
of about 10 acres of unusually well grown NURSERY
STOCK, at the Nursery, Wimbledon, by order of Mr. D.
Thompson. .«,.,. ,

WEDNESDAYandTHURSDAY, Oct. 39 and 30.-FINAL
CLEARANCE SALE of the NURSERY STOCK, at
the Eaton Nui series, Norwich, by order of Messrs. Ewing
& Co., the land having been sold.

TUESDAY, Nov. 4.— ANNUAL SALE of NURSERY
STOCK at the Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, by order
of M r. Thos. Ware. _

Pope's Grove, Twlckenliaxa,

Within five minutes' walk of Strawberry Hill Railway Station,
a'ld a short distance from the River Thames, Bushey Park,
Hampton Court, and Richmond,

MR. J. N. GOATLY is favoured with
instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the " King's
Head " Hotel, Twickenham, on TUESDAY. September 9. at
2 for 3 o'clock, in Two Lots, valuable FREEHOLD BUILD-
ING LAND, fully ripe for immediate development, having a
splendid frontage of 375 feet to Pope's Grove, and an average
depth of about 115 feet, and suitable for the erection of Villa
Rcbidcuccs, for which there is a great demand. There is a
choich plantation of Fruit Trees in full bearing along the rear of
this lot. Also about ij^ Acre of a FREEHOLD enclosed
FRUIT GARDEN, with a variety of Choice Trees thereon,
having an entrance with a frontage to Pope's Grove of 50 feet
well suited for a Nursery, Florists, &c., or for the erection of a
Private Residence where any one desires spacious grounds.

May be viewed at any time prior to the Sale, and particulars
and conditions of Sale obtained at the " King's Head " Hotel.
Twickenham ; of W. G. SLACK, Esq., Solicitor, 38, Guildford
Street, Russell Square, London, W.C. ; and of the Auctioneer,
Twickenham Green

Valuable Specimen Orchids.

MESSRS. SMITH and DEWAR beg to
intimate that they are hanoured with itstiuciions to
OFFER by AUCTION, on THURSDAY. September 18. at
12 o'clock, within 79, George Street, Edinburgh, the greater
portion of the important and valuable

COLLECTION of SPECIMEN ORCHIDS, ■

grown at Newbattle Abbey Gardens.

The plants are all in splendid health and condition, and'
include amongst others several fine specimen Vandas, including
the Dalkeith tricolor and Veitch's suavis, and a fine variety of
Vanda c<-i--rulea ; grand specimens of Co--logyne cristaU, Den-
drobium fimbriatum, occulatum giganteum— magnificent variety ;
grand specimen, with over forty bulbs and twenty new growths :
also Dendrobiums densidorum and Wardianum, Masdevallias
Veitchiana. Lindeni, Harryana, Chimasra (true). Chimsera Back-
housiana. Walhsii, bella, &c. Also many fine Odontoglossums.
Alexandia;, Pescatorei. Andersoniaua, Sanderianum, &c. ;
Cypripediums, Cattleyas, Lxlias, &c.

Catalogues in course of preparation, and will be forwarded
on application to Mr. PRIEST, Gardener, Newbaille Abbey,
or to Ihe Auctioneers.

M

ESSRS. GREGORY AND EVANS'

GREAT SALE OF ERICAS
will take place on FRIDAY, September 19,
when the following first-class goojs will he r.fTcred by
MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MOEKLS :-
15,000 HYEMALIS.
10,000 GRACILIS.
5,000 PERSOLUTA ALBA.
5,000 MELANTHERA.
5,000 CAVENDISH II.
5,000 VENTRICOSA.
4,000 GENISTA.
3,000 SOLANUM.
2,000 ADIANTUM.
1,000 Double PRIMULA.
2,000 CINERARIAS.

CATALOGUES will shortly be issued.
Longlands Nursery, Sidcup.

August 30, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

259

Preliminary.
SALE of an IMPORTANT COLLECTION, comprising
Several Thousand Choice and Rare ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, in first-class condition; and a large number
of IMPORTED PLANTS.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
respectfully notify the receipt of instructions Irom the
Executrix of the late Mr. George Toll, deceased, to SELL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. September
o and 10. at their l.xrge rooms. 45. Princess Street, Manchester,
a Finely Sele< ted Lot of Good ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
Catalogues are in course of preparation.

For further particulars apply to Messrs. S. SIMPSON and
SON, Solicitors,"i5, Souihgate, Kinc Street West ; or to the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, both of Manchester.

Kent.

FOR DISPOSAL, a thoroughly genuine and
very old-established NURSERY and FLORIST'S
BUSINESS, pan Leasehold and part Freehold, with a good
Market Connection. Terms moderate, and can be arranged.

FuU particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS.
67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

TO BE SOLD, in consequence of owner
retiring, about 4 Acres of GROUND, having been for
years under profitable cultivation, together with Span-roof
Houses. Heating Apparatus, and the Stock, comprising some
of the choicest Flowers, Ferns, and Orchids ; 10 roomed House,
conveniently arranged ; and over 1000 feet run of Nursery Beds.
Lense 74 years, from Christmas last, at the nominal rent of .^35
icr annum, lithe free. Within ten minutes' walk of a Railway
;tation in South-eastern DlsUict, and 6 miles from Covent
Garden,

For price and further particulars apply to Mr. WILLIAM
H. HUGHES, Solicitor, 2, Adelaide Buildings, London
Bridge. E.C.

FOR SALE, or to LET on Lease, a 7-roomed
COTT.\C.E Residence, with Land and Glass Houses.
Six minutes fiom Hampton Station.

JOHN EMBLETON, Suffolk House, New Hampton.

TO BE LET, on LEASE, with Immediate
Possession, capital NURSERY GROUND, partly
stocked, with 5 large Glass Houses or Forcing Pits, and Heat-
ing Apparatus to same, with large Dwelling House and suit-
able Outbuildings, Sheds, &:c. The whole covering about
I acre. Situated within about a mile of three Railway Stations,
and about 5 miles from London.

For particulars, apply to Messrs. LANDER and BEDELLS,
Surveyors, 6, John Street, Bedford Row, W.C.

TO BE LET, on LEASE, a Range of
SPAN-ROOFED HOUSES, 14 feet wide, 130 feet
long. Heated with two Saddle Boilers.

Apply. FITZJOHN, The Vineries. Northumberland Park,
Tottenham, London (3 minutes walk from Park Station, G.E.R.).

g

PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leyton-
Ktone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants.
43, Commercial Street, E.

New Illustrated Catalogue.

JOHN MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, having issued a New Illustrated
CATALOGUE of Terra Cotu Vases. &c.. begs to intimate that
all previous .ones are withdrawn from this date — Augustas, 1884.
Price List of Garden Pots, &c.. Illustrated Catalogue, li. td.

New Silver-edged Bedding Geranium,

MADAME SALLERAI. — This splendid
variety only wants to be well known to be generally
grown. For full description see page 21 of my CATALOGUE.
Cuttings, \s. 6d. per dozen, 41. per ico, 30^. per icoo.

W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.

-^

&VERY SUPERIOR STOCK

•^ENIBBACIHC ,\t C. % &

s IN MOST CASES '

FREE BY POST OR RAIL

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JamesDickson&Sons

108 EASTCATES! '*'"""'"

DAFFODIL, or GARDEN NARCISSUS.—
Our CoUecuon of these charmiug and fashionable flowers
(nchides all the finest sorts in cultivation at moderate prices.

t^ Aw.tracd a Banlisian Medal for our exhibits of N.arcissus
1SS3 and 1SS4) by the Koyal Horticultural Society. "A fine
display wa< made bv Messrs. Colluis & Co. with various kinds
otiltcjitttsi D,iff~<Jih."—Thc G,<r<i,n. Match a.), 1684.

Spcci.tl ijuotations for large quantities to naturalise.
CATALOGUE of above and other Bulbs, with over 100
illustrations. „ ,

COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL, Bulb Growers and
Importers, 3q, Waterloo Koad, London, S.E.

INSECTK^IDE

(Soluble InWaterl

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

^d. per bushel ; 100 for 255. : truck (loose, about a tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. M. per sack ;
5 s.icks. 25J. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks aw. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. <jd. per bushel; 151. per half
ton, 26^. per ton ; ia 2 bushel bags. 41^. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. ed. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, at, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 251., free on to the following
rails :— Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and North- Western, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks is.\
30 sacks £,1 55. ; 15 sacks or more free on to rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS AND CO., "Greyhound
Yard, and 15), High Street, Batlersea, S.W. Established 1872.

r^ OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

V^ best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and

Nobility, is. per Bag ; 15 Bags, 14s. ; 30 Bags. 251., sent to all

parts ; Truckload, 251., free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAl.

A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.

RCHIDPEAT.PURE BRACKEN FIBRE

(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr. EPPS informs his Friends that he is now enabled to
execute all orders for this article most satisfactorily.
Dep6t— Ringwood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, 2j. 6d. per sack ; thirty, 2i- <)d. ; twenty,
3r. 6</. ; ten, 4r. : five, 41. fid- Sacks 6d. each.

Excellent PEAT for Rhododendrons and common purposes,
i^6s. per truck, 14^. per ton. Sample sack 21. f>d.

U)AM, SAND, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM, &c

See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. ^d- per
sack ; 10 for 12J., is for 17*., 30 for 30J. : all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack : 5 for 221. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, iS. f)d. per sack ; 5 for
20J. ; sacks id. each. Coarse SilverSand, ij. td. per bushel,
255 per ton Yellow Fibrous Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at II. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, 6f. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &a Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth.
id. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb,. 281b. 21J. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehoi;ses, Southwark Street, London, S.E.. laU
19, New Broad Street, E.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Store Plants, &c.,;<;66j.per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags, 221, 6t/. ; 10 Bags,
451. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 521. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Fainborough Station, Hants.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COiMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, -with full particidars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTOy, LIVERPOOL.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is, anil 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, M cwt., 8s. ;
1 cwt., 133.

MANUFACTURED BY

W. H, Beeson, Carbrook Bone M ills, Sheffield.

wholesale Agents ; Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd.,

18, Finsbury Street, E.C, and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.

FIR TREE OIL

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites fruin the Roots
or Foliape of Trws nnJ riunt-^. Kills all VL^Lritabk- Ihub.s,
IHxroip Fly, &c. Cines Mildow and llUfrht, Ck-ura Otiijic.-;
from Mc!ily Bug:, 6i<"-. iu'd makes a gooil Winter Dressiiij?.
Of all Seedsmen mul Chniiisls. \ C, -J/G, 4'(', a bottle. Per gal-
lon VIG, ox less in lari?er ([uantitiL'S. ^1 7'rentise on "Fir Trif
Oil," a7id its application, srnt free on Tfceipt of addrfss, h'l th-
ilnuufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, MANCHESTElt.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co. ; Conitv, Soprr, Fowlkii mil
Co.; C. E. 03MAN & Co, and from all the Loadou Sewl
Merchants and Wlioleaalc Patent Medicine Houaca. ^

FOK
CLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpensive, Easily api>lied. Lasts all the
Summer, and can then te easily washed off. la. , post 1/3.

For FixinfT Bloom in Azaleas,
&c., and for Cut Flowera.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to FlorietH and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Bold in bottles. Is. & 28. Per post, 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

Fur I"ri.vi iitiii^: Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very elTuctual iu preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/G. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UIIPUCC
Criclieta, Bugs, Fleas, Mo^quitos, &c. nUwllCO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and Bed
Clothing. Price 6d., Is. & 23. 6d. Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, %S^^^^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

ASP DESTROYER.— "Result of trial a

perfect success," vide testimonials, is. 6d. and 2S. 6d.
per bottle with full directions, free by post 3^. extra.
B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Veovil.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other BHeht. r to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the <^e against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3J., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMJ»ANY
(Limited), London.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leedi,
Yorkshire.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiftany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i%d.f and 4 yards wide, -^d. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from 2 J4</. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices,

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.
BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole ManuFactiirers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE. SCHOOL LAKE, LIVERPOOL.

LAKE AND M AC K E N Z I E'S

WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and

Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHER.

PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for ShadinR. Pictorial, Flower,

and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.

Address ; School Lane. Liverpool.

I N dTXn muslin.

A perfectly Pure Cream-coloured Cotton Muslin.
(25 inches wide), useful for

45 yards OrirtUirNd, go yards for i2j. 6(/.,

(or6s.6d., DRESSES '"* P" P^«ls

free per Parcels -j . i q -y a / 1, i q ^^^ °° receipt

Post on receipt of UUnlAllNO, of Postal

Postal Order. BLINDS Order.

DRAPERIES &o.

Snd Stamped En-jelofl for Patterns,

JOHN KAY & SONS,

BURNLEY WOOD MILLS, BURNLEY.

26o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SUTTON & SONS

having just received, in fine condition, their
first consignment of

Roman Hyacinths and Early Narcissus,

are prepared to execute Orders at the
following prices : —

Single Wlilte Roman
Hyacinths

Paper Wlilte NarclsBUB

Per doz.

33.
Is. 9d.

Per 100.
21S.

12b. 6d.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have pleasure in
informing their friends and the Public that their stock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Clapton Nursery and Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield, is this
season unusually extensive and fine in quality, and well worth the
notice of intending purchasers, who are very cordially invited to
an inspection ot the plants. Amongst other things are offered : —
Many thousands of ERICA HYEMALIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA MELANTHERA.
Many thousands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA VENTRICOSA COCCINEA

MINOR, and other choice varieties of ventricosa.
Many thousands of ERICAS of the best varieties, including

candidissima, colorans, cerinthoides coronala in flower,

caffra, Cavendishi. barbata major, grandinosa, perspicua

nana, persoluta alba, assurgens. mammosa, &c.
Many thousands of HARD-WOODED ERICAS, in numerous

fir-« varieties, a large number of which are extra sized.
Many thousands of CYCLAMENS.

Many thousands of GARDENIAS, intermedia and radicans.
Many thousands of GENISTAS.
Mauy thousands of EPACRIS.
Man^ thousands of AZALEA INDICA in variety.of various

sizes.
Many thousands of AZ\LEA INDICA. Fielder's White, nar-

cissirtora, and other white-fliweriog varieties.
Many thousands of CAMELLIAS, with tljwer-buds, various

sizes.
Many thousands of GREVILLEA ROBUSTA.
Many thousands of SOLANUMS, well berried.
Many thousands of BOUVARDIAS. Red, White, and PinV.
Many thousands of LATANIA BORBONICA. various sizes.
Many thousands of PTYCHOSPERM A ALEXANDR/E.
Many thousands of CORYPHA AUSTRALIS.
Many thousands of DRAC^NAS, in variety.
Many thousands of EUCHARIS CANDIDA and SANDER-

lANA.
Many thousands of CLIMBERS, Stove and Greenhouse.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS.
Many thousands of ROSES, in pots, Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de

Dijon, &c.
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such

as Aphelexis, Acacias in variety. Acacia armala, Boronias,

Chorozemas, Correas, Daphnes, Eriostemons, Genelyl'is,

Grevilleas in variety. LeschenauUias. Tremandras, Pime-

leas. double white Chinese Primulas, &c.
Many thousands of VINES, of forcing and flowering sizes.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering

CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be offered by the loo

in bud.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS in variety, including

Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, which can be offered

by the loo.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show, French

and Decorative varieties.
Also on hand a very large stock of ORNAMENTAL

FOLIAGE fand DECORATIVE PLANTS. PALMS.

FICUS ELASTICA. ARALIA VEITCHII,and others,

CROTONS. PANDANUS, &c. Suitable for Table

Decoration.
OTAHEITE ORANGES, in fruit; LAURUSTINUS. on

stems, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMPELOPSI3 SEMPERVtRENS (Cissus strlatus), and

AMPELOPSIS VEirCHII, PAMPAS - GRASS in

quantity.
FERNS in immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can

be supplied by the hundred, such as Adiantum cimeatum,

Adianuina decorum, Adiantum gracillimum, Lomarta gibba.

Clapton Nursery, London, E,

CHOICE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS

BY PLANTING NOW.

doz I o

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS .. 2a 6d. 183.61.
PAPER-WHITE NAKCISSUS .. Is 9cl. 12s, Od.
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS . . 23. Od. 143 Od.
DUG VAN THOL TULIPS, Single la Od 73. 6d.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra .. each d. /.in
strong clumpa l/6&2/-15,-&21 -

.Special low quotations for Bulbs for Outdoor
Planting and Spring Bedding.

New Illustrated Catalogue post-free.

GEO. COOLING & SON,

SEED MERCHANTS AND NURSERYMEN,
BATH.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tuliers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Oflfer of Wtlte Begonias.

SeedliDgs from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen izj. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E.

DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Irish and other DafTodils may be
had on application. Some very rare fortns are offered for the
first time, and over loo varieties to select Irom. Please
enclose td. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
unique. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., " Old Established " Warehouse,
S4, Patrick Street. Cork.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS.
B. S. WILLIAMS

Begs to announce that he has received his annilal
Importation of the above.

The i]iialily of the Bull's is iinusrutlty Jiiic this yvttr.
Bulb CATALOGUE has been Posted to all Customers
A Copy of same will be forwarded on application to any who
may not yet have received one.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

NAPLES

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST. SEED GROWER,
AND MERCHANT,

SPECIALITY OF

CAULIFLOWER,

VEITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT,

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS,

A II I 'uric tics.

VENCESLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, NAPLES.

Lalng's
Reman
Hya-
cinths

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels pQSt.

12 for 2f. (^d. : 6 for ij. dd., fine bulbs of Early

White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Koses, Fruit Trees, &c , also free by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

CARTERS' EARLY BULBS for FORCING,
to produce Beautiftil White and Coloured Flowers,
suitable for Christmas and Winter Decoration.

CARTERS' EARLIEST WHITE ROMAN
HYACINTHS— Per rooo, 150J. ; per 100, \%s.bd.\ per

dozen, 2f. 6</.
CARTERS' EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS—

Per 1000. 05i. : per 100, lar. td. ; per dozen, \s. fxi
CARTERS' DOUBLE ROSE PARISIAN HYACINTHS—

Per 100, 15J. ; per dozen, 2J.
CARTERS' DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS- Per ico,

I2J. 6d. ; per dozen, is.
CARTERS' PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS — Per 100,

i?j 6a. : per dozen, 7j.
CARTERS' NARCISSUS STELLA, Pure White-Per 100,

25J. ; per dozen, 31. fid.
CARTERS' DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow—

Per 100, 7i. 6d. ; per dozen, is.
CARTERS' DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, Extra Larje-Per

1000, 3or. : per 100, 3^. dd.
CARTERS' LILY OF THE VALLEY, Strong Clumps-

Per dozen, iss. ; each, u. gd.
CARTERS' SFIR^A JAPONICA, Pure White— Per dozen,

•js- Gd. ; each, gd.
CARTERS' DEUTZIA GRACILIS, Pure White— Per dozen.

lor. 6d. ; each, is.
TUBEROSES— Carters' Extra Early Double Sweet-scented :

Extra Large Bulbs- Per ico, 30^ : per dozen. 4J tJ.

Good Flowering Bulbs — Per ico, 20J. : per dozen, y. dd.
All sent Pacitiug and Carriage Free to all parts o( Englaud
and Wales^

C "BARTERS, Seedsmen by Royal Comm.\nd
-' to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

Bulbs of All Kinds.

OUR AUTUMN CATALOGUE, including
many Novelties, is now in printer's hands, and will be
issued to our Customets at an early date.

Our TRADE LISTS, Nos. 68 and 69, just issued, contain
all the North American Lilies, Rare Bulbs and Plants
Calochorti, Friiillarias, Heuchera micraniha, &c., Ferns ai-d
Cypnpedia, to be delivered next autumn, to order, at un-
precfcdentedly low prices ; also Lilium auratum, Japanese
Bulbs, Maples, Iris, Narcissi, to be delivered in same way.
To ensure certain delivery, please order at once.
NEW PLANTandBULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

M. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 18S4.

• can be had Post-free on application, and should be iii
every Amateur's hands. It embraces an extensive List of best
Novelties ; also splendid Collections of Double and Single Z mal
Geraniums ; Bronze Bicolor, and Silver and Golden Tricolor
Geraniums ; Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums, Fuchsias.
Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Palms, Ferns. Stove and Gieei.-
house Climbers. &c. Special attention is also given to Collec-
tions of Plants, which can now be supplied for immediate tiTcct
in 5-inch pots, both Flowering and Foliage, at lof, 6rf., i\s., 22s ,
and *3f — W. M. CROWE, ttoleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

[7* D. P YN AEKT VAN GEERT,

The Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.
Special offer of ASPIDISTRA, green and variegited :
AZALEAS INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONTICA ; CAMEL-
LIAS, best sorts, with buds; CITRUS SINENSIS, with
fruits; DEUTZIA GRACILIS, DRAC/ENAS. FICUS
ELASTICA, HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, KALMIA
LATIFOLIA, OPHIOPOGON JABURAN, fol. vjr. ;
SPIR,«A JAPONICA and PALMATA.

I^- CATALOGUES free on application.

A R C I S S and D aTF F'O D I L S.—

A fine Collection of all the leading sorts, including moat
ol the new and r.ewer varieties.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on applic .tio.i.

WATK.INS AND SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb McichaHs,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

SN O W D R O P S.
For grand new varieties, a great advance on t!.e
old sorts.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

LI L Y O F THE V A L L E Y
Two new varieties, with much larger bells,
and more vigorous habit.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

THE EXECUTORS of the late B. Maller
beg to offer to the Trade a very extensive and extra
well grown stock of ERICAS (Hyemalis and other varieties).
EPACRIS. SOLANUMS. GENISTAS, CVCLAMENS,
BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM and other
FERNS. GREVILLEAS. VINES (in pois). &c. An inspec-
tion is invited. Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on applica-
tion.

The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 16.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries. I.ee,

Palms— Palms.

WM. CROWE offers the following as
• strong, clean stuff, in eo-pct-;, quiie (it for shifting
into 48's : — Lalania borbonica. 251. per 100; ditto, extra sixe,
40J. per 100. Cocos Weddeliana, io;r. perdozen ; ditlto plumosa,
6s. perdozen, 40i. per 100; Scaforthia cl^Rans, 30J. p-^r lOo ;
Areci sapida, 65. per dozen, 351. per 100 ; Caryot.-i urens, two
to three leaves, 251. per 100; Phicnix reclinat^, best variety,
30c. per loj; Sabal U lack bury ana, 4J. per dozen; Euterpe
ediilis, 6s. perdozen, 4of. per 100. Also fiom biores : — Lntani.!
borbonica, 7^. per ico ; Caryota urens, 5s. per 100 ; Corypha
australis, 7.;. per loa ; Phccnix" rechnata, best vai icty, 7/. per ico.
Boleyn Nur.-ery, Upton, Essex.

To the Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE AND SON, NURSERYMEN,
• Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374a) of Duich Flower Roots
and Miscell.^neous Bulboui and Tuberousrooied Plants for
1884 and 1885, is now ready, and may be had free on premid
application by Nursery men, Seedsmen, and Florists. The
Catahgue, ahhouph Riving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet <.if 4S pates 8vo. in two columns and is doubt-
less one of the mjst complete sent oHl for this .speciality. The
collections of every description of the esiabtishment arc in the
most dciirable excellent condition.

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

261

ANEMONES.
A. FULGENS. A. FULGENS MULTIPETALA.
Fine bulbs of these varieties. True English-grown.
A French mixed single and double, grand strain ; habit
vigorous and very brilliant colours, and all kinds of Bulbs,
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed .and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W C.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.—
Early white blooming. Very sweet scented. One of the
most useful Bulbs that can be grown.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Eieter Street, Strand, W.C.

GLADIOLUS COLVILLII ALBA,
"THE BRIDE."
30,000 of this useful white variety, useful for forcing on
open ground.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

"TJUTCH BULBS.

D '

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland,
lolending purchasers of Dutch Bulbs are invited lo read
AnL Roozen & Sod's CATALOGUE for 1SS4. and see the
large saving effected by dealing direct with the Grower. The
Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to iheir Agents,
MERTENS AND CO., 3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-H.lI, E.C.

Notice.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.— Established 1856.

LEWIS ISAACS, Importer of Dutch
Bulbs, 3, Victoiia Warehouses, Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E.G., begs to inform his Customers and the Trade in general that
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with his annual
well selected stock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade only,
he begs to offer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
all true to name and colour, at an all-round price of 31^. per
Bulb, in any quantity from half a dozen of a sort and upwards.
The stock is on view to intending purchasers, at the above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Oitalogues post-free on application.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

SUTTON'S

BULB CATALOGUE

For 1884,

Is now ready, and may be had, gratis
and post-free, on application.

SUTTON k SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
BEADING.

BuBh Hill ParK Nursery, near Enfield.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have large quanti-
ties of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, and other Outdoor
Nursery Stock, of fine quality, at their Nursery, r.ear the Bush
Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway, and they
cordially invite their friends to inspect the same ; also the GUss
Erections, which consist of Long Rarges of Pits and Thirty-
three Houses, averaging upwards of 100 feet in length, many of
them 35 feet wide, containing Acacias, Azaleas, Adi.-intums,
Camellias, Cyclamens, Dracsenas, Ericas, Gardenias, G.:nistas,
Grape Vines, Jasmines. Palms Pelargoniums, Roses, Sola-
nums, &c. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOB AUTUMN AND WINTER.

STROS'G, HEALTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOAL

ACACIAS. 18s. to 30J. per dczsn.

AZALEA INDICA, iSi. to 6:s. per dozen.

BOUVARDIAS, distinct singles and doubles, i8j. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS. 301. to eoj. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Smith's superb strair). full of

buds, s-inch pots, iSj. per dozen.
CYTISUS, 135. to i8j. per dozen.
EPACRIS. best sorts, i8j. to 30J. per d(zer.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS. WILMOREANA. CAFFRA,

GRACILIS, AUTUMNALIS, &c.. 6-inch pols, ,8.. 10
GARDENIAS, i8j. to 301. per dozen. [30?. per dozen.

LAPAGERIA ALBA, ^!. bd. to 42J. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, is. bJ. each.
LIBONIA PENRHOSIANA, iis. to 18'. ptrdizen.
PIMELEAS, very fine. 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 30J. to \zs. per dczen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purple, i8j. per dozen.
TREE CARNATIONS, 5-inch pots. us. to 301. per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 5-inch pots, 12J. to i8j. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIR, S:c.. in ereat variety ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANT.=.
Descriptive List Free.
StUctioni from above may be made at Dozen Price!.
The Plant! are remarkably fine and cheap.

RICHARD SMITTi & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANT.'',
WORCESTER.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to oft'er the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising imporlant NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

DANIELS' SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING.

Prii-i- List sent free to miv address cui reci'if't of/nst card.
DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH.

The 3 Best Cabbages for Early Spring Use.

Daniels' Defiance Giant E.»rly Marrow, is. pkt., 2s. td. per oz.

Allan's Incomparable Early Marrow, ix. dd. pkt., is. td. per oz.

Daniels' Little Queen, super fine eat 1yd waif, is 6d. pkt.,sj'.6//. oz.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Growers, Norwich.

The 4 Best Onions for Autumn Sowing,

Daniels' Golden Rocc-i, fine straw-coloured skin, is, 6d. per
packet. 3i. 6d. per c z

Daniels' Giant Rocca, weight a to 3 lb., is. per cz., lor. per lb.

Daniels' White Elephant Ttipoli, the largest and best Silver-
skin Onion known, is. 6d. per packet, 31. 6d. per cz.

Zittau Yellow Giant, splendid quality and long keeper, Sd.
per oz., 6s. per lb.

DANIELS BROS.. Seed Merchants, NORWICH.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS,

at Wholesale Prices.

imported BULBS exceptiojuilly fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

£. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

I

N 0 IV READY.

CARTERS' CATALOGUE

OF

Bulbs and Roots of Winter
and Spring Flowers.

Gratis to intending Purchasers.

SEEDSMEN BY ROY.\L COMMAND,
237 and 2jS, High Holborn, London, W.C.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE A'Oir READY.
One is devoted f.\dubively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists o( HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CRIJCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c, and
aquimityofCHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Laing's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozer, Damed, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles, P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

CoUections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-. H 18/-. J i8/-, K 12/-, L9/ per doz.
Doubles, W 3c/-. X 24/-, Z iS/- per dozen,
bingles, for tedding. M 40/-, N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER, No. 41, of Choice,
kare, and Beauli'ul

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of ihe most lovely and desirable
in Cuhivaticn.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of ever TOGO Species and Varieties free on application.

LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 lllu*tTa-

tion"; of Ferns and Stlaeinellas, valuable "Hints on ttrn
Culture," and other useful and interestirg information.

THE

(Hardeners' d[lir0nidt

SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1884.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

COBHAM HALL.

THE shores and river banks ol Kent are
washed by 80 miles of the sea and 40 miles
of the river Thames, and as part of the metro-
polis has spread into Kent, and the lines and
branches of two great railway companies cross
the county, which is famous for the fertile soil
of its farms and gardens and for its scenery and
heathfulness, it is not surprising that Kent
should be a favourite place of residence,
abounding in "stately homes." Cobham Hall
is one of the most famous of its country
houses, and until the e.xtinction of the family of
the Earl of Darnley's predecessors Cobham had
afforded a seat and a surname (or centuries to
that noble and splendid race of owners whose
ashes now repose in the village church under
the famous Cobham brasses.

The name is said to have been derived from
the Saxon " Copt," a head, and it was formerly
spelt Coptham, that is, the head of a village.
The place has been called the cradle of eminent
men, and it would be long to relate the names
and services of the worthies of this family who
served the state in high offices between the
reigns of John and Elizabeth. The [Cobham
brasses, the most numerous and perfect collec-
tion of such memorials that any church or
family can boast of, would assist the recital.
Close by them is the beautiful monument
of one of the latest heiresses of the
Cobham family and her husband, whose
recumbent 6gures are carved in marble,
while around them are fourteen kneeling
effigies representing the ten sons and four
daughters who had blessed their union. The
line seemed secure. One of the sons enter-
tained nueen Elizabeth at Cobham Hall in
1559, the first year of her rei:^n, and fortune
still was smiling, but in 1603 the last year of Ihe
same reign, Henry, Lord Cobhan, was de-
prived of his estates, and his brother (leorge
was executed for complicity in the alleged plots
of Raleigh, and, to continue the sad story, in
1619 this same Lord Cobham, the last of his
long line, died in great misery and poverty.
Sir Bernard Burke's rid.'siliiiles of Families
does not afford a more terrible example of ruin
than that of the fall of Lord Cobham. He had
betrayed and brought to the scaffold his friend,
the accomplished Kaleigh, and his own brother,
and he had survived his disgrace and lived to
be relived by scraps of food supplied to him by
a former servant. The tragedy shows darker
on account of the accident of Secretary Sir
Robert Cecil, who countermined so many plots,
including that of the Cobhams, having married
their sister.

The title of Baron Cobham, of Cobham, in
Kent, which is now borne by the Duke of
Buckingham, is derived from his ancestor. Sir
Richard Temple, of Stow, who was created
Lord Cobham in 171S. The representative of
the ancient family who have now owned Cob-
ham during more than 150 years, is the sixth
Earl of Darnley.

The house, which is partly of the older

262

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

Tudor, and partly of a later period, possesses
the convenience of three railway stations within
4 miles, includinf! Gravesend and Strood. It is
a wealthy and a happy country, fertile and
beautiful. Immediately around the house, out-
side its lawns and gardens, there are about
1500 acres of up-and-down land, hill and dale,
which have been in park since the earliest
times, and here the public may enjoy, within
20 miles of London, by favour of a liberal
Tory Lord, one of the most picturesque parks in
England, stocked with deer, and beautifully
planted with woods and groups of noble timber.
In the woods on the north side of the park, near
the village of Shorne, which is close to the great
Dover road and about a mile from Gad's Hill,
there are 5 miles of Rhododendrons, that is of
walks open to the public and all aglow, in May,
with the bloom of that glorious shrub. On this
light good land the Rhododendron grows like a
weed, so that the boasted splendour of the
Cobham of old times has been at length, in
these better days, eclipsed by the beauty of a
single flower. The Tulip, too, blooms in May
in the shrubberies around the house most
gorgeously. All timber trees thrive in the soil
that suits this splendid evergreen and still more
brilliant bulb. The Chestnut, in underwoods
planted for hop-poles on the estate, which
stretches without a break from the Thames to
the Medway, has yielded between £&o and ^70
per acre for eight years' growth of the wood.
The same soil, light but good, has produced
the " Three Sisters," in the park, and many other
gigantic specimens. It bears, too, a towering
avenue of Lime trees, in stately rows leading
from the village of Cobham to the house, and
numerous grand Cedars of Lebanon which
abound in the shrubberies and are scattered
here and there in the park and lawns about the
mansion. There are Beeches as in other chalk
districts, and probably the biggest Oak and Ash
trees are on the heavier spots of land. The
numerous nests of the heronry in the park are
built on tall Ashes, in a grove on one of the
slopes overlooked from the high ground adjoin-
ing the house.

From the highest knoll in these planted
pleasure grounds of 40 acres above the house
there are delightful vistas and views, includ-
ing the park in the foreground and 10 miles
of the outer country, with the three towns of
Chatham, Rochester, and Strood, situated
close together, so that Rochester Castle and
Cathedral and the mercantile shafts of Strood
and Chatham look like one group of build-
ings. A more delightful shrubbery — entered,
too, directly from the house — can hardly
be conceived. Under the guidance of Mr.
Deuxberry, the head gardener, I could willingly
have lingered longer among the numerous
handsome specimen trees, which the owners of
Cobham have planted on a soil that only a few
things refuse to flourish in. One secluded part
of the ground, near the kitchen garden walls,
is kept as a parterre, and is rich in exquisite
carpet bedding and trained Roses, and in
the midst of it is a pyramidal Salisburia
adiantifolia, growing as a standard, and
sweeping the ground with its luxuriant
branches. It is 60 feet high, and as happy and
hardy as any Oak on the estate. An Ilex in
the bank of shrubs and trees which enclose this
garden is one of the tallest and largest in the
country. It is So feet high. Passing on, some-
times climbing, sometimes winding, or again
descending— for Nature has rolled the ground
about in a very pleasing manner — walking
sometimes on gravel paths, sometimes on turf,
we notice a number of trees of special beauty
or size, and among the rest the Liquidambar,
Plane, Tulip, Taxodium sempervirens, Fern-
leaved Beech, flowering Acacias, and be-
yond all — beyond any similar display I have
seen for their number and size— the Cedars
of Lebanon. The soil has not sufficient

depth on this higher ground to produce
huge trunks containing a large quantity of
timber, and the trees are many headed, such
as the snow rests upon in winter, weighing the
lower branches to the ground. They are mag-
nificent. Radiating upwards from near the
ground the numerous branches extend high and
stretch far and wide, some of the trees covering
a space 50 yards in diameter. Boldly placed
among the rest, at a proper distance apart
for their full development, the two largest
Cedars of all seem to be keeping watch and
ward over a little two-storeyed Swiss chalet
placed in their rear, and cheerfully painted and
varnished, with a crest above the front door
— a rampant lion. This is the summer-house
which stood some years in the garden at Gad's
Hill, and in that lower room Charles Dickens
loved to sit and write his stories, or smoke a
cigar perhaps on summer evenings.

A flock of forty or fifty wild turkeys, which
grow tamer, but still must be shot for the table
at Christmas, rambles here among the shrubs.
In the kitchen garden Mr. Deuxberry wields
the magic wand of skill over 6 acres, including
4 acres within walls. I looked through many
houses — three Peach houses, four vineries,
two houses for plants and cut flowers, an
Orchid-house and Pine-house — and glanced
into many frames, where so much may be
done, as gardeners well know. A Pine and
a Cucumber are at command every day in the
year. The earliest Grapes, Black Hamburgh
and Foster's Seedling, are cut by May 10 ; then
follow Muscats and the Madresfield Court
Grape, from August 10 till February, with the
latest sorts, Black Alicante, Lady Downe's, and
the white Grape Trebbiano. These ripen in
October, and are sent to the table up to June i.
Lady Downe's and Black Alicante have been
cut here on December 27, and hung up and
kept in good condition till June 12.

It may prove interesting if I briefly add that
on the day of my visit a game of cricket was
played in the park between Cobham and the
officers of the Engineers from Chatham. The
Earl of Darnley was presiding at the short
luncheon in a tent on the ground, and his
youngest son was among the players. The
noble lord delights in the happiness which such
parties afford. On leaving the park regretfully,
the cheerful spectacle of tents and players and
numerous on-lookers looked gay in the distance,
and the strains of one of the best of the military
bands fell on the ear. H, E.

^UJ

CALANTHE CURTISII [Rckb. f.), n. sp^

This is a curious plant and rather pretty, though by
no means a grand thing. Its long petiolate cuneate
oblong acute leaves and the lax inflorescence make one
think of Calanthe puberula, Lindl., but there is a dif-
ferent lip and a spur. The flower itself is much like
those of certain varieties of Calanthe Textori, Miq., but
it has a totally distinct singular spur, rather thick,
sulcate, unequally bilobed at the apex. Lip with a very
short, rather triangular blunt lobe on each side of the
base. Mid lacinia cuneate, dilatate from the narrow
base to the wide, blunt, emarginate anterior part.
Sepals lanceolate acute. Petals broader. The callosity
is very characteristic. The body is cordate at the base,
and runs out into three shanks. The lateral ones are
triangular, blunt acute, with transverse sulci. The mid

• Calanthe CuriisH, n. sp — Foliis longe petiolatis obtongis
acutis ; pedunculo puberulo apice racemoso ; br^ctcis I.mcco-
latis acuminalis ovana pcihcell.ita piiberuia non scquantibus ;
seualis lanceslalis acuiis parce velutiuus ; tepali^ latioribits ;
lab-Ill laciniis basilaribiri angulatis brevitsimis : lacinia mediana
longe cuneaia oblon^a emarginata obtiisa ," callo poslicc emar-
ginato trifido in basi ; laciniis laterahbus obliisanguHs, trans-
verse sulcatis ; lacinia mediana lineari llexa transverse siilcaio,
catcari cylindraceo longitudinaliter sulcato, emarginato ; ovario
pedicellato breviori. — Insul. Sond. Curtis (h. v. c. a eel. mere.
Lond. Veitch). H. G. Rchb.f,

one is filiform, sigmoid, sulcate. The long-stalked |

ovary is rosy and puberulous. Sepals and petals rosy .\

outside, white inside, petals and lateral sepals with
rosy borders. Lip's blade yellow, with purple callus.
Column white and rosy. It is one of the numerous
interesting Sondaic things sent by Mr. Curtis to
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, with whom it is now in
flower (August). H. G. Rchh. /.

Phal^nopsis viOLACEA {Teysvi. Bind.) var.

BOWRINGIANA.

Mr. W. Bull sends me a flower of a glorious
variety of this fine species, coming from Mr. J. C, i

Bowring, Forest Farm, Wmdsor Forest. It is of a
pure light yellow, with a very broad dash inside each
of the lateral sepals, and some fine bands and numerous
freckles of the same colour at the base of the petals
and base of the upper sepal. It is dedicated to my
highly valued correspondent, Mr. J. C. Bowring, one
of those collectors who know and consult books. I
find in my herbarium some fine varieties — i, Bellina —
near this, but without the blotch at the base of the
petals and sepal ; 2, punctata — sepals and petals fine
yellow, white at the base, with a disc of small purple
spots on the lateral sepals inside ; 3, chloracea — white,
with purple disc on the lateral sepals inside the inner
margin, and green tips to the sepals and petals.
H. G. Rchb.J,

HORTICULTURAL NOTES IN

RUSSIA.

The International Exhibition, as we have before
shown, was a great success, and reflected credit upon
those concerned in its organisation and management.
Dr. Kegel is particularly to be congratulated, as he
conceived and organised the first International, which
he made a success in spite of an enormous amount of
ridicule. It was considered an impossibility to get
togetheranexhibition so farnorlh as St. Petersburg, but
now a second success has shown to the contrary.
There has been some wonder why it should take
place so early in the year, but there is ample reason in
the fact that all who possiblycan do so, leave the town
for the country on the approach of summer, so that later
there would have been but a small attendance. A few
things there were that could not be referred to in the
report already published in our pages, and to a few of
them we shall now return. In the stove-house, appa-
rently a late arrival, wc found Kinker flue's Patent Hygro-
meter, constructed by With. Lambrecht, ofGottingen.
The indicator shows at once, on a disc, the degree of
moisture, and if reliable in its action, this is the kind
of instrument that could be used practically in gardens.
By a Russian exhibitor was shown a complete set of
implements and materials for gathering and arranging
flowers, all conveniently contained in a box which
opens into four parts, displaying at a glance the whole
of the things contained. We were greatly pleased
with a specimen of Sciadopitys verticillata which had
been cultivated for twelve years in an apartment. It
was about 3i feet high, perfect in form, with long well
developed leaves, and only in a 24-sized pot. Among
other Coniferae was Dacrydium cupressinum, which,
considering its graceful beauty and distinct habit, is
far too rare with us. Among the exhibits of pottery
was an apparatus for testing seeds. It consists of a
disc of porous earthernware, with many numbered
cells on its upper surface. In those cells the seeds are
placed and the disc is set in a shallow saucer of
water. The Japanese exhibit was always interesting,
and on our last visit we found roots of Lappa major,
which in shape are like a long Carrot ; the next thing
to observe afresh was the fruit of Pyrus ussuriensis,
which is like a large brown Apple in size and shape.
This species is figured in Kegel's Gartcnjiora^ 1861,
345, and has been introduced to this county. An
exhibition of Coffee in a large ornamental pavilion
proved highly attractive to visitors. CotYee was
shown in all its various forms by the Society " Centre
da Lavoura e Commercio " of Rio Janeiro, who
occupied the entire building. Cups of first-rate cofiee
were handed gratis to all who would try the quality,
and the beans of a large number of kinds were shown
in open bags. The kind which most attracted our
attention was the " Maregogipe " which though not
the best in flavour, would have, we were told, a very
important future, on account of its vigour and pro-
ductiveness. The beans are large and the trees come
early intu bearing. This kind wis said to have been
found wild in Brazil. Crhnc du Cafr\ which was
served as a liqueur, is a pure white liquid, not unpalat-

1

August 30, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

263

able, but no properties that we could discern to make
it marketable. The interior of the pavilion which
contained this exhibit, was rendered attractive and
interesting by a nutiber of photographs of Brazilian
scenes.

Horticulture in Russia, around St. Petersburg, is
carried on with energy, and it must be said with
skill, for we have to remember that it is under the 60°
of N. latitude, which traverses the south extremity
of Greenland, where the sun in winter rises after 9
o'clock and sets before 3 o'clock, and the ground is
frozen hard during half of the year, the temperature
falling lower in winter than in any other country
where gardening may be said to exist, where in fact the
period of growth out-of-doors has scarcely a duration
of four months. The spring is so short that it need
scarcely be reckoned among the seasons. March and
April are generally pleasant months on account of
the bright days in them, but the air is still keen, and
the Neva frequently covered with ice. In May the
scene suddenly changes ; the winter dress of snow
disappears, but cold northerly winds retard vegeta-
tion. Then by a sudden transition summer com-
mences, which, however, is but of short duration.

Nurseries are devoted entirely to plants for decora-
tive purposes, and Roses are quite a feature, grown
in a particular way, of which we shall speak under
Tsarskoie Selo. Many plants are used which would
not be thought of for the purpose in England.
Generally speaking the arrangements are made by
putting together, bouquet fashion, a number of plants
of various kinds which individually are frequently by
no means perfect ; but often serving a purpose by
producing foliage or flowers on a long stem which
reaches where it is required. The nursery of Mr.
Potesta, one of the principal, may be taken as a type,
though flowering plants are probably grown more
extensively by Mr. Eilers. These are more nearly
the same as those used for the purpose in England,
and include all the best of those we have. Mr. Potesta
grows the common Laurel in quantity, and there is
a bouse filled with specimens from quite small plants
to those of a large size. Hollies of various varieties
are grown in a similar way, and Bay trees. Box, and
Rhododendrons are also among the most important.
In a warm house are splendid specimens of Cycas
revoluta, some other Cycads and Palms ; the Cycads
are finer than the Palms, but all are in small tubs or
pots. Butchers' Broom is grown in small pots, and
becomes dwarfed into neat short-stemmed tufts.
Another of the least expected for decorative purposes
is Chloranthus inconspicuus, which is found in almost
every garden, and is not at all unworthy of the
purpose to which it is adapted by its dwarf habit,
gracefully spreading branches, and dark green leaves.
Among other plants grown extensively are Ophio-
pogon japonicus, with narrow grassy dark green
leaves, the several kinds of Euonymus, Ophiopogon
japonicus, Reineckia carnea, and of course a variety
of flowering plants, among which there appears to be
nothing remarkable. Bunches of blue Hepaticas are
sold in the streets made up like bunches of Violets,
and, in a way, take their place. Some of the plants
we noticed in shops were Azaleas, Hydrangeas, Wall-
flowers, Mignonette, Lily of the Valley, Stocks, Roses,
and Heliotrope. These were good, but Cinerarias,
Forget-me-nots, and Hyacinths were decidedly poor.

The Alexander Gardens. — From a horticul-
tural point of view these are the principal of the
public town gardens in St. Petersburg, and they are
altogether very satisfactory, and be it said to the
credit of the Society that they are one of the outcomes
of the Imperial Horticultural Society of Russia. They
are laid out in the modern English style, and extend
from St. Isaac's Cathedral westward to near the
Winter Palace, while opposite St. Isaac's the ground
widens out to the river Neva, over which a view is
obtained from a large raised mound. Eastward from
St. Isaac's these gardens are nearly oblong in shape,
and form a frontage to the Admiralty, the spire in the
centre of which is one of the principal landmarks to
the stranger, as three of the principal streets, includ-
ing the Nevsky Prospect, converge towards it. A
fairly large variety of deciduous trees is here planted,
and forms an interesting collection. On May 8 scarcely
a sign of green leaves could be seen, and only about
the 29th could it be said that the buds were bursting
generally into leaf. This, however, was an unusually
backward season. Of the few evergreen trees none
were good Pinus sylvestris appeared rather yellow-
ish, P. Pumilio not vigorous, while Thuia occidentalis

was very poor, and Mahonia aquifolium had lost all
its leaves, though apparently it had been protected.
Abies sibirica was much injured and often cut to the
ground. Among deciduous trees the Horse Chestnut
and the Transylvanian Syringa Josik.x\a are apparently
hardy, though the former we rarely noticed. The
common Elder was very twiggy, without any of the
strong growth it usually makes in Britain ; and S.
racemosa had apparently been cut down, and thus it
would seem not to be quite hardy. Besides this there
were several Siberian plants, as, for instance, Abies
sibirica, which do not appear to stand well in the
climate of St. Petersburg, t'nough there are others, of
course, that flourish perfectly. The Lime (Tilia par-
vifolia), like the Elder, was much less vigorous than
we are accustomed to see it, though young trees were
often handsome. Fraxinus americana forms a good
tree, and it is interesting to note this, as F. excelsior
w.as generally said not to be very hardy, and in the
Tauride Gardens a tree was pointed out as something
exceptional. Among the Acers were A. platanoides
and A. tataricum, our common Sycamore apparently
not being hardy. Clumps of the common Lilac were
very good, and judging from the number of old seed
vessels it fruits freely. One of the interesting things to
observe was that Dielytra spectabilis is quite hardy, as
an apparently old-established plant grew on the
mound. Corydalis nobilis here grew to a great size,
and among other interesting plants our notes remind
us of a good specimen Potentillafruticosa. The Beech
is one of the common trees we did not find in this
garden or any other, and it was said not to be hardy.
On our arrival, on May S, a curious combination of
purple Crocus and blue Scilla attracted attention, and
later on, among flowers, the Hyacinths came to be
very ornamental. The turf is here very poor, and
except in the most neatly kept parts many weeds,
such as Dock, Dandelion, and Feverfew, grow in it.
A protection of litter is given during winter, and we
saw it being cleared away early in May. These gar-
dens are situated near the centre of the city, and are
enjoyed by large numbers of people. They are well
kept; and contain a large variety of hardy vegetation,
from which instruction as well as pleasure may be
derived. R, Irwin Lynch.

{To be contimted.)

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

{Continued from p. 232).

Tree Pests and Diseases. — Perhaps throughout
the whole Exhibition no other department of practical
forestry has received less attention, or is more scantily
represented, than that treating of the diseases of our
forest trees, and the injuries to which they are at all
times exposed by the numerous pests, to which we
will have occasion to refer at considerable length later
on. Mr. Riley, from the Agricultural Department of
Washington, is, however, one of the few who deserves
great praise for the most interesting collection of
forest insects he has brought forward for exhibition.
These, which are neatly arranged in several glass
cases, comprise numerous examples of lepidopterous
and other insects, which have been found injurious to
trees in the United States. The popular and scientific
name of each insect is plainly given (a matter of the
greatest importance in such exhibits), as well as the
species of tree on which it lives. They are also
shown in various stages of development, a plan which
is to be highly commended, and one which is of great
importance, to such, at least, as have not studied the
life-history of these insects. From Berwickshire, Mr,
Renton also sends a case of insects considered in-
jurious to forest trees, but the collection, which is
otherwise a most valuable and interesting one, is
rendered of but little practical value, as no informa-
tion regarding the dififerent classes is given, nor, in-
deed, are the various specimens named, either in a
popular or scientific manner.

The Pine Weevil (Ilylobius abietis), which at
present is attracting a more than ordinary amount of
attention, is pretty well represented, as is also illus-
trations showing the damage done by this dangerous
beetle to various coniferous trees. Not only are the
weevils themselves injurious in the extreme, but their
grubs are about equally so by forming galleries or
tunnels in the soft wood immediately underneath the
bark of the trees. The Conifers generally chosen by
these beetles to prey upon are the Scotch and Spruce
Firs and the Larch, but we have also found them in
others, though in much less quantity. The weevil
attacks the buds, bark, and even surface-roots of the
tree, thus causing considerable damage by impeding

the passage of the sap, the result of which is that in
numerous cases the trees, after becoming gradually
unhealthy, die ofl" altogether. The best cure for this,
like many other evils, is prevention ; by keeping the
woods and plantations in a clean healthy state (by
never allowing an accumulation of dead or decaying
branches, which are sure to foster the pest) the evil
may, to a great extent at least, be averted, if not
totally kept at bay.

A most interesting and beautifully prepared case of
woodpeckers, about 200 in number, is sure to attract
attention on entering the Exhibition building. These,
which are exhibited by a Mr. Ramsay, of Whitehill,
include birds of various sizes, and many of beautiful
plumage, and are of immense value in destroying and
keeping in check the v.irious insects and beetles which
prey upon our forest trees.

Mr. McCorquodale, of Scone, Perthshire, shows
specimens of Larch, illustrating that fatal disease of
these plantations — dry rot, as well as the various
classes of soils which he believes to produce sound
and unsound timber. This is a subject that we
have paid a good deal of attention to, and were
certainly pleased to find that our researches were
to a great extent, as regards the cause of dry
rot, similar to those of others who have likewise
devoted considerable attention to the matter. From
the specimens of soil exhibited it would appear that
that containing the greatest quantity of sand produces
the unsound timber, with which we entirely agree,
having unfortunately too often noted the injurious
results of growing Larch on dry, gravelly soils.

From the Duke of Athol's woods at Blair Athol
have been sent a series of sections of Larch timber
affected by both blister and dry rot. These sections,
which have been cut longitudinally, so as to reveal
the disease in its worst form, are from a couple of mches
up to over a foot in width, and illustrate in a very
remarkable manner the ravages of these diseases.
Mr. Coupar, who last season gained the Scottish
Arboricultural Society's Medal for a paper on the
Larch disease, exhibits a series of fair drawings illus^
trating the Larch disease in its various stages.

Other exhibits in this way are from Mr. Kidd, one
of the Duke of Sutherland's foresters, who shows
specimens of Scotch Fir stems badly damaged by
squirrels. These little animals cause immense destruc-
tion to several of our forest trees, more especially the
Lime, Horse Chestnut, and Firs of various kinds.
The latter are usually attacked at or near the top,
where the succulent branches and cones often suffer
severely from the gnawing propensity of the squirrels.
In the case of the Lime it is the bark, which tears off
in long strips, that is in request for nest forming ;
indeed it is no uncommon thing to find squirrels' nests
almost entirely composed of this material. Perhaps
no tree suffers more from the attacks of these
animals than the Horse Chestnut, as in early spring,
when the buds are just expanding, and consequently
in a tender state, they are greedily devoured, and that
in immense quantity. The only cures for these
depredations are trapping and shooting ; the latter is,
however, preferable, and most effective if carefully
carried out.

Indiarubber. — As an indirect or bye-product of
the forest, perhaps there are few of greater commercial
importance than indiarubber, entering, as it does, so
largely into various manufactures. Of these products
there are several large exhibits, including those of
Messrs.Thornton & Co., the North British Rubber Co.
(Limited), Messrs. Bilsland & Co., all of Edinburgh ;
and Mr. John Mathieson, Dalkeith. The former
exhibit, which is perhaps the most extensive, is
arranged in a large glass pavilion midway between
the Exhibition buildings and the adjoining grounds.
Within this court may be seen at a glance the numer-
ous uses to which indiarubber is applied, such as in
the manufacture of waterproof coating, toys of innu-
merable kinds, household utensils, saddlery and
machinery fittings. Fourteen varieties of the India-
rubber tree, included amongst these being our ordi-
nary greenhouse form, Ficus elastica, are also on
view, as well as specimens of the rubber in its milky
state, as it exudes from the tree. One of the largest
masses of vulcanised rubber yet produced is that ex-
hibited by the North British Rubber Co. (Limited),
which consists of a traction engine wheel tire about
4 inches thick, and 15J feet in diameter. The ex-
hibits of Mr. John Mathieson and Messrs. Bilsland
& Co., are neatly set out in the western annexe, and
consist principally of toys and mechanical figures, as
well as various novelties in garments.

264

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

Another interesting exhibit comes from the Wil-
lesden Paper and Canvas Company, in the shape of a
pavilion, the roof and walls of which are entirely
constructed of their patent waterproof paper. From
what we saw of this paper and the various uses to
which it is applied, it should, after a fair trial, be ex-
tensively used in the construction of temporary houses,
such as forester's huts, barking sheds, or any other
erffction of a temporary nature where a light water-
proof covering is required.

From the Blind Asylum has been sent by far the
largest and best assortment of basket-work in the Ex-
hibition. Amongst these we particularly noticed
several articles of exquisite workmanship, many being
o! an ornamental character, which for beauty of
design and a clean, light appearance, were all that
could be desired.

THE DEATH OF PLANTS.

Life is one continual series of changes —
" By ceaseless action all that is subsists."

The result of these changes is gain or loss, waste
or repair, now one, now the other ; or occasionally
(and indeed generally) both simultaneously. While a
proper balance and equitable adjustment between
gain and loss exists, the plant lives and is healthy.
Directly the balance is disturbed the plant may live
indeed, but it becomes unhealthy ; and if the dis-
turbance continue — if waste overtake repair — if nutri-
tion be persistently impaired, still more if it be
arrested, the plant inevitably dies. This is that
gradual and slow, but sure march of destiny, which
comes sooner or later to all living things at their
appointed time. That time comes when the tissues
are — from that degeneration of their substance which
may be a morbid process resulting from injury, or
which may be merely the necessary result of the
growth and maturation of the plant, or from the
failure of supplies — no longer able to carry on their
life-work. The period in question varies as to its
occurrence. A Wheat plant uses up its life within a
few months, an Oak tree within a few centuries, and
there is every intermediate period.

But, in addition to changes which are the result of
an inevitable march of events, death in plants some-
times comes suddenly Irom violence, life action is
arrested in its full flow and tide, and by much the
same essential causes as those which extinguish the
life of animals. The death of plants is the death of
the protoplasm. Prevent the access of oxygen to the
living cell, and the movements of the protoplasm will
be arrested and ultimately cease altogether. The
properties and functions of protoplasm have already
been explained. It is their destruction and their
cessation which constitute death. But the death of a
part is not necessarily the death of the whole, and the
individual cells of plants are, as a rule, much more
independent one of the other than are the individual
cells of an animal. A root, or a leaf, or a mass of
roots, and a number of leaves may be injured, or even
killed, and the plant will still live on, because there
are more left behind uninjured ; and these, relatively
speaking, do not suffer from the damage done to their
fellows. A tree may be stripped of its leaves and may
still live, because there are cells which are uninjured,
and which will do their parts towards compensating
the injury. A felled tree by the roadside will often
be seen pushing up new shoots in a manner that
would be impossible in the case of an analogous
injury done to one of the higher animals. The lower
the organism, the less special in its conformation and
construction, the more independent are its constituent
cells. The higher the organism, and the more
specialised its structure, the more dependent one upon
another are the structural elements of which it is
compounded.

Natural death'may be described as an exhaustion of
the protoplasm — its water evaporates or is drafted
elsewhere ; and so with its soluble or liquid contents
—the insoluble and the uteless remain behind. We
see this in the case of the leaves every autumn ; their
protoplasm dries up, their chlorophyll degenerates
and disappears ; they are emptied of starch and other
matters, which are conveyed to some other part of the
tree to be stored up for future use by the new growths
in the following season, till at length nothing is left
but a framework of dry cellulose, a quantity of mineral
or earthy matter, and such material as could not be
dissolved or transported. In other organs the con-

tinuous maturing process at length results in the
blocking up of the cells and tubes by continued de-
posit in the interior. Osmosis can no longer go on
between them, for their altered structure prevents it,
and in consequence the protoplasm disappears. Just
as in human beings, the minute blood-vessels get
" bony," or otherwise deteriorated in structure, so do
the cells and fibres of plants become unfit to carry on
the processes of life.

For the purposes of the cultivator it is very desirable
that he give an eye to the way in which plants die,
and to the causes which induce death. The subject
may be looked at from various points of view. From
the structural point of view death may begin in the
cells of the root, in those of the stem, in those of the
intermediate "collar," or in those of the leaves, and
the appearances presented will be found to diHer cor-
respondingly.

From a physiological point of view death may
result from starvation or from suffocation ; the process
in each case may be partial and gradual or immediate
and complete. Sudden death, or death by violence,
results from the injuries inflicted by too high or too
low a temperature, electric shocks, sunstroke, strong
corrosives, and the like. These destroy life by dis-
organising the protoplasm, breaking up the tissues,
and arresting the natural movements, and cause death
by destroying the machinery or paralysing its action.
The gradual eft'ects produced by such injurious
agencies as noxious vapours from kilns or factories, or
as insects, or parasitic fungi, are the same as those
produced by starvation or suffocation. In the neigh-
bourhood of towns it may happen that the relative
absence of oxygen, or, what comes to the same thing,
the inability to use what there is, may conduce to the
death of plants quite as much as the direct injury
caused by noxious vapours. A perusal of the fore-
going chapters as to the food and growth of plants
will suffice to show why plants die ; and a considera-
tion of their life-history as here set forth will show
how the cause that may kill at one stage of active
growth may be all but harmless at another stage of
growth.

Death Beginning at the Root.— When death
begins at the root the supply of water, and of the air
and food derived from the soil, is cut off, and the
plant iiltimately perishes of starvation. Death at the
root may result from injury inflicted by small parasitic
worms, insects, rats, or other creatures— from unsuit-
able conditions of soil, too much or too little water,
deficient drainage, deficient aeration, or from the pre-
sence of really poisonous ingredients. If the cause is
widespread, so as to involve a majority or the whole
of the roots, the consequences are proportionately
serious ; if only a few are affected the plant may not
be visibly or materially injured. The effects will be
first and most especially obvious at the point of
injury, and at the growing points where the life-
functions happen to be going on most vigorously at
the time. Thus, if the young shoots and young leaves
are in full activity at the time when root-mischief
occurs, they will the soonest show the effect of cutling
off supplies — they will wither and droop. If the pro-
cess is slow and gradual the leaves will become
emptied of their contents, their chlorophyll will
change colour, the plant will assume a sickly yellow
look very characteristic to the practised eye. The
older portions of the plant, with their reserve stores
of water and food, may not immediately suffer ; and
it is from them that the materials requisite for any
effort at repair and reorganisation must, if it be pos-
sible, be made. Thus a plant may grow for some time
after injury, and then suddenly flag, because its
reserve supplies are at length exhausted. It follows
from this that death from starvation as a consequence
of root. mischief is not generally a sudden, but more
often a gradual process, the length of time of course
varying according to the nature of the mischief, and
specially according to the nature and condition of the
plant.

Death Beginning at the Leaf.— This may be
appreciated from what has been before said as to the
functions of the leaf. The leaf is an organ of nutri-
tion, of respiration, and transpiration ; if its functions
are sufficiently interfered with, death will result,
either from inanition or from suffocation, or from both
combined. The power of resistance that a leaf has
may be inferred from its structure. A thick fleshy
leaf, with layer after layer of chlorophyll-containing
cells, with relatively few pores and a thick skin, is
obviously better able to resist injurious agencies than

a thin leaf whose delicate texture speedily withers and
falls a prey to adverse circumstances.

The fall of the leaf in the case of deciduous trees
has been already alluded to. It is only requisite here
to say that, under the circumstances, it is a natural
process ; and it is one that is provided for from the
beginning. From a very early stage in the develop-
ment of the leaf, a special layer of cells has been
gradually forming at the base of the leaf-stalk at right
angles to the others, which ultimately cuts off the
dying and dead leaf-cells from the living tissues of the
bark, much as the "drop scene" of a theatre
separates ihe body of the house from the stage at the
close of the performance. The leaf is emptied of its
contents, and further supplies from below are eventu-
ally stopped off by the intervention of the layer of
cells above described. A similar process takes place
in the disarticulation of branches and of ripe fruits.

When disease or injury affects the leaves while still
growing — as in the case of noxious vapours from
chemical works or kilns, or in the case of insect
injury — its effects are naturally most obvious and most
severe at the growing points — the tips and margins of
the leaf; and when the margins become thus arrested
in their growth, while the disc remains in full activity,
the result is a cup-shaped appearance or a crumpled
surface resulting from the dead or dying portions
having lost their elasticity and acting as a curb on the
still growing portions. Sun-burns, and especially the
attacks of insects and parasitic fungi, are not so much
confined to the margins, at least when the leaf is not
in a growing state j they produce their effects in the
shape of circular or irregular spots of brown decayed
protoplasm. The effects of frost, and the reason it
kills, have been explained elsewhere. Nothing,
however, can be advanced in explanation of the rea-
sons why some plants of the same species, like the
different varieties of Wheat, are so much more tender
than others. Death by the leaf is rarely immediately
fatal, because there are many leaves, and they are not
often all affected in the same way at the same time ;
and, moreover, in the case of plants other than
"annuals," the fall and death of the leaves does not
involve the death of the plant, as before explained.
Even in the case of annuals, the life, like the nutritive
matter, goes out of the leaves only to enter the seed.

Successor thus follows predecessor in one invariable
rhythm, and although the limits of the individual
existence can be but too readily recognised, the real
end of life, so far as the whole race of living creatures
— whether plant or animal — is concerned, is as inca-
pable of being appreciated by the physiologist as is
its beginning. From Dr. Masters' "Plant Liff.^'

ERICA MARNOCKIANA.

Included in the valuable collection of plants be-
longing to S. B. Lawless, Esq., Exeter, recently sold
by auction, was a splendid specimen of Erica Mar-
nockiana, 5 feet in diameter, and 4 feet high from
the surface of the soil. It represented the finest
specimen of that variety in the country, and had been
exhibited on many occasions by Mr. George Coles,
gardener to Mr. Lawless, at the principal exhibi-
tions in the South and West of England in the winning
collections of stove and greenhouse flowering plants.
As shown in the illustration (fig. 51), it is quite a
model of perfection. It was purchased by B. W.
Cleave, Esq., Crediton, for 7 guineas ; so that it is
still in good hands, and we may look forward to see
it again figuring in one of the foremost of collections.

EARLY APPLES FOR THE
KITCHEN.

There would appear to be much rather wild
writing about the great wisdom of growing only
kinds that mature early in the autumn, and which
can be sent into the market minus the expense of
storing. This may seem the tight sort of culture for
the man who has but small capital, and who cannot
afford to wait ; and even under that system it the
majority of growers supplying a large town were to
glut the market with kinds notoriously bad to keep,
so that the consumer alone would benefit, the grower
would have to be content with small returns for his
produce. Moreover, the consumer would naturally
wish to have fruit during the late autumn and early
winter months, which would become an impossibility
with our present race of early Apples, that do not
keep well, and which are usually long past their best,
having become partially flavourless by the end of
December. We want Apples of fair siie, good
keepers through the winter up to April ; and, if we

August 30, 1884.]

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

265

can get them with flesh tender and melting on being
cooked, and the trees good average croppers, like the
Keswick Codlin or the Cellini, we should have
supplied a great public want. It is fruit which can
be stored that is required in the interest of the con-
sumer, for after Christmas Apples for the kitchen or
for dessert are dear enough in all conscience. Common
fruit in seasons of plenty, like that of 1SS3, was
selling retail at 2./.— 31/. per pound— that is, from
7^. 6i/. — MS, 2ii. per bushel of 45 lb.— when the

well adapted for the market, that will come in at all
the periods when this fruit may be looked for. An idea
has been mooted that early Apple trees, in conse-
quence of the crop coming off at an early period
of the autumn, mature their fruit-buds for the next
year more thoroughly than is the case with trees
whose crop hangs much later. I think that statement
is unsupported by fact, and moreover it hardly
seems to me that Nature would be guilty of such a
lac/ie, as in the course of maturing the one crop she

bearing in which the young are immensely in the
superior position when compared with the old. The
sorts Lord Grosvenor, Lord Suffield, Keswick Cod-
lin, Carlisle Codlin, Cellini, Red Ilawthornden,
are excellent in their season, but we do not want our
markets depleted of such good keepers as Flower of
Kent, Hollandbury, Mere de Menage, Beauty of
Kent, Rymer, Winter Ilawthornden, Tower of
Glamis, Blenheim, Bedfordshire Foundling, Warner's
King, Prince Alfred, Betty Geeson, Winter Greening,

Fig. 51.— erica marnockiana. (see p. 264.)

same could be bought in the country districts at from
zi. 6J. — p. 6d.

So that the question amounts to this : — If you glut
the market with early stuff the consumer only benefits
by the enforced low price ; but not for a long space of
time, as a dearth must follow the season of abund-
ance, and then is the grower's time to make money
of his late fruit ; but if he has his orchard for the
major part planted with the early kinds, as recom-
mended by his would-be friends, he will have but a
small quantity for disposal. It would therefore seem
to be the better policy to plant in moderation sorts

at the same time placed impediments in the way of
obtaining an equally good one, if circumstances
were favourable, the following year. Over-cropped
from whatever cause, such trees, by reason of
their late blooming, and thus escaping injury from
frost, or from artificial treatment as regards root-
pruning, lifting, or from a natural tendency to bear
over-much fruit, do refuse to bear occasionally at
least in an equal degree, and take some years as
recuperative periods. In those years the tree regains
its vigour completely if a young one, and probably
only partially if it is aged, It is a case of seed-

and several others, good in quality, attractive in
appearance, and pretty sure bearers in England.

The truest wisdom will be displayed in taking the
middle course — planting no sorts of any particular
season, but good portions of land with approved
kinds that will supply our markets, and make us in-
dependent of outside supplies. Thus much we can
and ought to do, and it would be considerably helped
by farmers planting a few acres each, combined with
or without bush fruit culture, underneath the standard
Apples,

If the farmer would not like the expense and

266

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

trouble of walchirg the ciop when it had obtained
a usable size, but was yet immature, the crop might
be sold by auction as it stood, and the looking after
it would then be the affair of the purchaser. M.

MR. BROCKBANK'S GARDEN,

BROCKHURST.

^ At last I got a chance of paying a visit to Brock-
hurst, the residence of W. Brockbank, Esq., at
Didibury, near Manchester. The name had a very
familiar sound to my ear, for times without number I
have corresponded with Mr. Brockbank and we
have made many exchange of plants. A good deal
of curiosity is excited in approach to a house under
circumstances like these. A sort of fancy picture is
first of all painted before the eye of the mind which is
quite sure to be wrong— but the following might
have been predicated to a certainty. The whole place
will show proofs of a great love of flowers and plants
and be very different from the bald uninteresting- -
albeit they may be grand — habitations which abound
all over the country. I have heard a school inspector
say that without opening his lips he could tell a great
deal about the tone and excellence of a school,
and in like manner before any special investigation
has been made it can often be determined at a glance
if things are going on well or ill from a gardening
point of view. Mr. Brockbank's house and garden
show at every turn the great interest which he takes
in the cultivation of plants.

The house, which is a very interesting one, and
which has been largely increased in size by its owner,
is built in an irregular fashion and looks all the better
for it in consequence. It is covered all over with
Creepers from one end to the other, and to my mind
nothing improves the look of a building more than
does the fact of its being well-clothed with vegetation
of some sort. The ground falls away from the house,
and great advantage has been taken of this to break
up the garden by long terrace walks, which are not at
all stiff, but embosomed in trees and shrubs, and
where nooks and corners of all sorts abound, and
form the places where countless Narcissi bloom, and
Hellebores just find the shelter which they require.
On a little plateau which is slightly lower than the
house, the frames are placed which contain some of
Mr. Brockbank's chiefest delights. Some of these
frames have the shelter of a long hedge, and are full
of Auriculas, which are at their worst just now, but
which io April and May must be captivating in the
extreme. I believe the collection is a very good one
indeed, and has won many a prize. There is an
ingenious device about some of these Auricula frames
with which Mr. Horner was much taken when he saw
it the other day. The wooden sides are raised some
inches, and holes are made in them ; through these
holes iron pins can be pushed, and the result of it is
that the lights, which are glazed over, when they rest
on the pins admit air only while they shut out the
direct rays of the sun. It seems a very simple opera-
tion to record, but it is a very efficacious one for the
purpose for which it is meant, and certainly it is not
common.

A large frame of about 30 eet in length, and 6 feet
in breadth, whose height at he tallest point may be
about 2 feet, and at the sides i foot, but the inside of
which is sunk below the surface to give elevation, is
from every point of view the greatest success which I
met with at Brockhurst. The frame itself is made
upon an entirely orignal plan and answers completely
— the great object being to keep off wet from the
tender plants which are grown in it and which can-
not bear drip. This is managed in a very ingenious
manner, the lights are made to rest on a long trough
of 3inch girder iron which'throws off the water below,
and they close at the top just over another long trough
of the same sized girder iron which disposes of it
above. These useful troughs are themselves placed at
a slight declination from the centre to the ends of the
frame, and the result of it is that the plants are kept
perfectly dry in a deluge of rain, and alpines can live
here which would give up the unequal contest any.
where else and soon come to an end. Moreover,
these capital frames take up very little space, they do
not open outwards, which must call for more room —
but the lights are lifted bodily off and are set upright
against posts, and it is then easy to get at any plant
or to pluck any flower that may be desired. In a
frame of this sort I noticed many interesting plants —
indeed it was carpeted with alpines from one end to

the other — and all of them looked doing well and as
though their requirements had been met. Campanula
alpina was new to me, and very good ; at any
rale I was much pleased with the habit and silvery-
grey appearance of Mr. Brockbank's little plant.
It was slightly tomentose, if I remember aright, and I
was very glad to be informed that a duplicate of it could
be spared. Alongside of it several good Androsaces
make themselves perfectly at home. A. lanuginosa
and A. sarmentosa, which are very pretty if they are
grown well, attracted notice at once. Androsace
carnea was not quite in so happy a case, but that
was, I think, only an accident, and I should expect
soon to see it flourishing also. Mr. Brockbank had
intentionally made the surface uneven, and Pinguicula
grandiflora luxuriated in a hollow place, and seemed
to be multiplying fast. Not very far off Ramondia
pyenaica was also nestling therein, and I noticed
some Saxifrages of the Megassea section, which must
have been grand in the spring. They need protection
even in the South, for they come on so very soon in
the year that the blossoms are often nipped, if not
entirely destroyed, by the cruel east winds. The
advantage of having some glass over their heads must
be greatly appreciated by these Saxifrages, and they
are worth the attention they get, for Saxifraga
Stracheyi and Saxifraga purpurascens throw up fine
heads of flower. Campanula abietina was new to
me, and I was pleased to see it here for the first
time ; and C. thyrsoides, though not the most beau-
tiful to look at, was still worth a place. Edraianthus
dalmaticus appeared to be settling down in its bed as
comfortably, and Genista tinctoria flore-pleno was
was quite a blaze. A large plant of the white
form of Primula japonica must have been very
good in the spring, and was going to have seed.
But I make no profession of giving an inventory of
all Mr. Brockbank's treasures, and I am quite unable
to remember a tithe of those which are kept in this
alpine frame. It was a pleasant sight, though all the
surface was covered, the plants were loosely and
naturally arranged. There was no stiffness at all
about them, and Nature had her way more than Art.
Mr. Brockbank said that his garden was quite past
its best when I saw it, and I can readily understand
his meaning. He goes from home, as a rule, in the
autumn, and he likes to have an outburst in March,
April, and May. Ten thousand signs of this were
strewn all over the place. I refer to Daffodil leaves
dying down or quite dead, and to Polyanthuses,
which were allowed to take care of themselves, and
whose foliage was fast turning yellow. These Poly-
anthuses enjoy the freedom and quiet in shady spots,
which they find at Brockhurst, and I am told that
they rise again in their glory when spring comes
round far better than if they had been kept closely in
pots ; and as for Narcissi, why this collection would
make the fortune of any half dozen nurserymen. I
am told on all hands that Narcissus Horsfieldi is
becoming very scarce, and the Emperor and Empress
are to be crowned in America, and that they are
going there in crowds I But the English assortments
are not done for yet. It is dilticult to realise what this
garden must be like when N. obvallaris and N. incom-
parabilis and cernuus and tortuosus and others far too
numerous to mention, look out upon you from under
many a tree, and in the broad border, or from some
grassy slope. The whole air must be laden with their
fragrance, and the sight must be one that is worth a
long journey to see. Into any Narcissus controversy
I shrink from entering, and Hellebores also warn me
off, but I cannot forbear from stating one thing which
seemed to be pretty plain. All leaf variations in
Hellebores must count for very little. Mr. Brock-
bank showed me specimens of II. angustifolius, which
has attracted so much attention of late, and which
differed enormously in the leaf. These Hellebores
are grown on to a great size in a compost of which
sawdust largely makes a part. I confess I felt at first
a very great prejudice against any such idea j visions
of fungus present themselves at once ; but the fear is
illusory. All about Manchester sawdust, after it has
been in a stable for some time and then exposed both
to sun and rain, is very largely used, and the results
speak for themselves.

I must leave it to others to" record what the large
glass-houses contain. Grapes seem to be grown very
successfully in one of them, and Lipagerias, Yuccas,
Trachelospermum, &c., were all doing well in another.
But my paper is full. I would only just add that I
think the Manchester people must have a great fond-
ness for flowers. Mr. Brockbank kindly put an

afternoon at my disposal, and went with me to some
two or three of the little nurseries which abound in
the suburbs of the great town. It was a novel sight
to me to see Hellebores grown by the acre. Families
in great measure support themselves by it, and Helle-
borus angustifolius is enthroned in the affection of
many, and no competition is dreamt of as being pos-
sible with it. It is curious to see how the large
clumps are cut up after flowering, and every little bit
with an eye is very carefully treasured — they are all
planted in sawdust. Indeed, sawdust manure and
Hellebores about Manchester seem to have been
made for each other, and they are absolutely insepar-
able. These little plants are then left to themselves,
and they soon grow into money. I made the acquaint-
ance of one poor woman who depended for her living
entirely upon a few roods of Helleborus angustifolius,
and this grandest of all Christmas Roses has not
played her false. Mr. Brockbank showed me two or
three of these Hellebore nurseries, and then we went
to see one of a rather different sort. There was a
good deal of enterprise in it, about which I shall not
trouble your readers. I would only note one thing
which astonished me at the time, and I cannot now
understand. A grower of the well known Tea Rose
— Niphetos — for the market in Manchester cuts buds
of it by the thousand in the most stuffy and closely
shut up houses that could be conceived. He allows
of no ventilation whatever ; every window is closed,
and he maintains that in this way all insect abomina-
tions are got rid of, and buds in profusion are pro-
duced. I narrate what I saw. The Roses seemed to
be all doing well under conditions which I should
have esteemed to be more harmful than good. A
thunderstorm cut our investigations short. I had to
leave Manchester soon after, and I look away with
me many pleasant reminiscences of what I had wit-
nessed both in Dldsbury and in Sale. A Jl^anderer.
[To he contiiiuetl.)

RUDBECKIA.

The name Rudbeckia is derived from Rudbeck, a
Swede, who preceded Linnreus as Professor of Botany
in the University of Upsala He is said to have
taken much trouble to prove that the Eden of the
Bible was not in the district of Mesopotamia, as was
generally supposed, but in Sweden. The genus Rud-
beckia is not large, although in the Grnira Plantarum
it is made to include several sub-genera, such as
Echinacea, Obeliscaria, Lepachys, and Centrocarpha.
The members of the genus are all North American ;
an obvious characteristic of the flowers is the cone-
shaped receptacle, surrounded by rays more or less
drooping. The species here described are all
perennial herbs, and have all been cultivated in the
garden at Edge Hall.

R. .MAXIMA.— This, the largest of the genus, in the
size both of the leaf and of the flower, though not in
stature, was introduced four years ago by Mr. W.
Thompson, of Ipswich. It is a handsome herb,
succeeding best in the warmer parts of our islands,
and in hot summers like the present. The leaves,
entire and ovate, rise to a height of about 2 feet, and
are I foot long, of a handsome glaucous appearance.
The flowers are produced in August and September,
and are about 6 inches across, with a large dark-brown
conical centre, and orange-yellow rays. The bare
stalk rises about 7 feet, and is of such substance as to
require no artificial support. If the summer is wet
and cold the green leafy bracts of the involucrum are
very conspicuous, and the rays imperfectly developed,
but this year the flowers and the whole plant are very
handsome.

R. CALIKORNICA.— This is the earliest in flower of
the tribe, flowering from the end of June to the
middle of August. The leaves are downy, dull green,
ovate, either entire or with one or two irregular clefts
near the base. They are large, growing, together with
the italk, nearly 2 feet high. The flower is hand-
some, borne singly on the stalk, and 4 or 5 inches
across. The dark brown cone is of great substance,
and sometimes rises to a length of nearly 3 inches.
The plant is easily increased by division, and is a very
good back row plant. In good rich soil it reaches a
height of 6 feet or more.

R. LACINIATA.— This is the tallest and coarsest of
the genus, but not without merit as a decorative plant
for some situations. In moist deep soil it sometimes
grows upwards of 10 fed high, The leaves are often

August jo, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

267

finely divided in curved ribbons, as the name implies,
but sometimes have shallower incisions and a broad
palmate form. These different shapes of leaf have
sometimes been made into specific distinctions, but
the leaves vary from seed o( the same plant. The
flower-stalk is much branched, and the flowers pro-
duced at difl^erent heights. They are from 3 to 4
inches across, of a dull greenish-yellow, with a short
dull green cone in the centre, inferior both in colour
and form to those of the two species before described,
but far more abundantly produced, and lasting all
July and August.

R. SUB105IENT0SA is one of the latest in flower.
In ordinary seasons it is not out till late in September,
and the frost comes and spoils it whilst many buds are
still unopened. It grows about 4 feet high. The
finely divided pinnate leaves are produced all up the
stalk, which is rather weak. The flowers are small,
not more than 2 inches across, with a small jet-black
centre contrasting well with the clear golden-yellow
of the rays. The whole plant is neat and ornamental,
but part of the stalks is apt to wither suddenly and
unaccountably, and when it does should be cut away
at once. Like the others it is easily divided.

R. PINNATA, described by Asa Gray under the
generic name Lepachys, is not common in English
gardens, being a plant of doubtful merit, though quite
distinct from all others of the genus. The leaves are
large and pinnate. The flower-stalk weak and
straggling, divided, and 4 or 5 feet long. The central
cone of the flower is dark and very prominent. The
rays, which are about ll or 2 inches long, are broad,
of the substance of fine paper, clear canary-yellow,
and much drooping. The plant is not very good
for ornament, flowering very late. It is a troublesome
weed on cultivated lands in Minnesota, from which
my son brought seeds which I raised.

R. sfECiosA, commonly called R. Neumanni, is so
generally cultivated as a useful autumn plant, that it
is superfluous to say much about it ; only the name
Neumanni ought to be dropped as being of no autho-
rity, and the correct name, speciosa, universally
adopted. It suffers much from drought, being a
surface-rooter and delights in good soakings of water
during such summers as this.

R. HIRTA is often confused with the last, of which
it seems to be a more Southern form, in no respect
superior, I have never succeeded in keeping it (or
long, and I was recently informed at Kew that
though it is by nature perennial, it is treated as
annual in the gardens there, and never survives
winter.

R. KULGiDA, sometimes separated as Centro-
carpha, which I have more than once raised from
seed, is another plant which seems to require hotter
summers than it generally finds in Cheshire, but
where R. speciosa does well the inferior plants, R.
fulgida and R. hirta, need not be regretted.

The genus Echinacea, formerly separated from
Rudbeckia, but now rejoined with it by the authors
of the Genera Plantanun^ contains two or three
ornamental plants, having dark purple flowers, with
stift, thickly-set rays, each flower having a duration,
if the weather is fine, of two or three weeks. They
are natives of the warm Slates of North America, and
requires a rich soil, a warm situation, and a hot
summer, to bring them to perfection. They are
showing to advantage at present even in my Cheshire
garden. The largest, R. purpurea, is about 4 feet
high ; two others — R. intermedia and R. aogustifolia
— are hardly more than half the height, and produce
flowers in greater abundance. None of the sections
are common in English gardens, as they increase
slowly, and do not seem to make good seed in our
climate. C. Wolky Dod, Edge Hall, Malfas,
August 25.

IxORA MACROTHYRSA. — Amongst the numerous
Txoras in cultivation this one should receive a pro-
minent position in the stove or warm conservatory.
It is a comparatively recent introduction from
Sumatra, and is possibly better known under the
garden name of I. Duflii. In general appearance the
plant is very distinct, owing to the immense leaves
and almost unbranching character of the stems.
This, coupled with the huge panicles of intensely
scarlet flowers, constitutes it a subject of unquestion-
able value for any place where space can be granted,
especially in the way of head-room, to develope itself.
No pinching or pruning should be resorted to, other-
wise the truss will be feeble, if even the plant flowers
at all. A bold and desirable specimen is flowering in
the Victoria-house at Kew, where the scarlet flowers
are very conspicuous against the background of ever-
green foliage.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

ROMNEYA COULTERI.— It is not Very often that
we see in the purlieus of Mud-salad Market this very
beautiful Poppy. Its leaves are cut like those of an
Eschscholtzia ; the flowers measure some 4 inches
across, with the petals of pure white, crumpled like
tissue-paper, and surrounding a crowd of delicate
staminal threads of a golden-yellow above, purple
beneath. These surround a thick truncheon-like
ovary, studded with appressed hairs, and capped by a
thick cushion-like stigma. A great beauty, sent us
from the Isle of Wight by the Rev. II. Ewbank.

CArrARis SPINOSA.— Regard for truth makes us
hesitate to include this under " Flowers in Season," for
there have previously been only two seasons in which
we have been privileged to see this plant in bloom,
and then not here, but down South, along the Medi-
terranean coast. It was sent to us this time from
down South, but no further off than that island of the
blessed which sailors call "the Wight." Mr.
Ewbank tells his own slory in another column.

Calceolaria Sinclairii. — A half shrubby
species, with branched pilose stems, rather thick-
stalked, cordate ovate, toothed leaves, rough on the
upper, smooth and paler on the lower surface, and
loose erect, much branched, many flowered cymes.
The corollas are about hall an inch long, irregularly
cup-shaped, widely expanded at the throat, not at all
bag-like, as in the better known species, but more
resembling in form the corolla of some Digitalis,
white, with a few small purplish spots. There are
two small stamens springing from the very base of the
corolla-tube. Sent by Miss Owen,

Zauschneria californica is an old-fashioned
plant that one comparatively rarely sees now-a-days.
The leaves are lanceolate, rather downy ; the brilliant
scarlet flowers, each about 2 inches long, are arranged
in loose erect clusters. In form the flowers are funnel-
shaped, the tube of the funnel very slender, dilated at
the extreme base, expanding above into a trumpet-
shaped 4-parted limb, bearing the four stamens
within. Though not having much resemblance at
a first glance to a Fuchsia, a second inspection will
clearly reveal the aflSnity. Received from Miss
Owen.

THE ALPINE GARDEN.

What a volume of suggestion there is in this head-
ing ! — so much that one scarcely knows which to take
up first. The tropical weather which we have expe-
rienced this season has reduced what has often been a
suggestion into downright practice. All who grow
alpine plants know right well that it is useless to
attempt their culture unless plenty of water is supplied
during dry weather ; the present season has tested
severely the very existence of multitudes of alpine
gems, and happy was he who could supply at the
needful time water without stint. If one lesson more
than another has been forced upon the alpine grower
it has been the desirability of providing a good
supply of water at all convenient points of the alpine
garden, especially where it is at all extensive. A
practical suggestion to those who may erect rockeries
is, as well as doing the same thoroughly, to make
ample arrangements for an unlimited supply of water,
by the laying of pipes with plenty of taps in all parts
of the rockery, so that short hoses may be screwed
on the taps, and as much water as is necessary can be
given at a minimum of cost and labour, especially in
places where there is a good home water supply.
Observations have also been made this season as to
the growth results upon rockeries of different struc-
ture as regards the arrangement of the material ; to
make this point clear I may say that better results
have been obtained upon ledges which had a dip of
about 15° than from others which were more perpen-
dicular, the drainage being far too excessive in the
latter arrangement. Another serious fault one so
frequently notes in rockeries is the excessive exposure
of the constructing material — indeed, one often
imagines the main idea of the builder was to show to
the best advantage the material instead of the plants
for whose benefit it should be arranged ; during hot
seasons this exposed material absorbs a large amount
of heat, the degree varying greatly with the kind of
material, which is absolutely prejudicial to the well-
being of mountain gems. But if this same mate-
rial is well buried it will constitute a cool moist

basis for the fine roots to feed upon and cling
to, instead of, as in the former case, acting as a
heat vehicle to the roots, as well as abstracting
a material amount of moisture from the soil, which
in the natural order of things is given off into
the atmosphere. Some enthusiastic cultivators, E. G,
Loder, Esq., to wit, have most of the alpine garden
covered with a mixture of rock dihrii and soil, only a
few boulders cropping up here and there — with excel-
lent effect, too — although the arrangement of the con-
structing material is most efi"ectually done, as the
condition of the occupants will testify.

At the present time the majority of alpines are pas
their showiest stage, and it is desirable to put as good
a face upon the rockery as possible ; to some extent
this is accomplished by clearing off all weeds and
breaking up the surfaces which havebecome hardened-—
a small hand-fork is an excellent tool for this purpose |
this will greatly benefit many subjects, but must be
judiciously practised with others. Top-dressing is, I
consider, a very important item for attention at the
present time ; it may be simply one of pure sand, or a
mixture of that material and leaf-soil, or even
thoroughly decayed manure. Without doubt, sand is
of the greatest advantage in the culture of alpines, and
is not half so much used as it should, and in future
will be ; the culture of many so-called fastidious
species is rendered comparatively easy, and is most
pleasurable with the free use of it — such, for example,
as Gentiana bavarica, G. verna, G. excisa, &c., the
former especially is most diflicult to grow without
being well sanded up. Messrs. Backhouse, of York,
luckily hit upon this method of culture in connection
with it, and it now grows very luxuriantly at York,
planted in a cool partially shaded position, with a
copious supply of sharp sand well sprinkled about,
and amongst the shoots. An excellent top-dressing is
a mixture in equal parts of sand and good leaf-soil
passed through a very fine sieve, or as I have said,
instead of the leaf-soil you may use thoroughly de-
cayed manure ; if this compost is sprinkled round
about and amongst the plants a decided advantage
will be secured. My plan is to use the mixture pretty
dry, sprinkling it upon the plants, afterwards washing
it down with a fine rose. How happily do the members
of the Primula family thrive under this treatment,
including most of the species of the genus Primula,
also the Soldanellas, Androsaces, Cortusas, Dodeca-
theons, and Cyclamens j the difference between plants
so treated and those not top-dressed is apparent at a
glance. Campanulas, too, are greatly benefited ;
indeed nearly all alpines may with advantage be thus
treated,

A few words now as to the propagation o( alpine
plants, which as yet is in its infancy, and a few hinls
anent the subject may interest some one. Usually (f
hope I do not go too far) growers of alpines, not con-
tent when they have purchased one or more plants of
any particular species, and planted the same on the
rockery, the idea of increasing the stock never seems
to enter into their heads, and by some hocus pocus
there is an idea abroad that alpine plants generally
are difficult subjects to propagate ; granted some are
difficult, and in our varying climate a few obstinately
refuse to increase, or at most very slowly, but Ihe
bulk of them are amenable to the treatment of a tyro
even in the matter of propagation. With many kinds
it is absolutely necessary in order to maintain good
slock to propagate them, t.g., such as Saxifraga
Wallacei, Maweana, and Wilkommiana — three of the
best Saxifrages. If young plants of these are not
rooted yearly, or at least every two years, it is quite
likely they will be entirely lost to the collection.
Many other examples might be cited if at all neces-
sary. Mr. Wolley Dod is especially energetic in pro-
pagating his hardy flowers, as he has found the great
advantage of so doing, for not only is he able to plant
in good masses and in dift'erent parts of the garden,
but is enabled to distribute a large number of plants
amongst confreres, which he does most liberally.
Of course, in limited areas it is impossible to grow
large masses of a multitude of varieties, but I think in
the culture of alpine plants the evidence is in favour
of enjoying good masses of a limited number of first-
rate kinds rather than accommodating small tufts of a
much larger number of varieties. Speaking generally,
there is room for great improvement in this direction.
The present is a most opportune time for increasing
many, by several means — viz., by division, layering,
and cuttings. Many kinds will divide freely, and
such should be split up and replanted, well watering
them until again established, A considerable quoti^

268

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(August 30, 18

are best increased by cuttings, and when this method
is practised the ideal addendum of an alpine garden
proves most serviceable, viz., a good cold frame ; in
fact, I do not think a garden of this kind of any pre-
tension whatever can be successfully carried on with-
out such an addendum : in it cuttings can be struck,
seeds raised, weakly plants often fostered, and sur-
plusage of doubtfully hardy subjects protected during
winter to replace in the event of loss outside.

As a rule it is best to dibble the cuttings in well
drained pots of sandy soil ; place them in the frame,
keep nicely moist and shaded from sunshine, and in due
time the stock of many will be materially augmented.
It is best to increase many by young cuttings in spring ;
this especially applies to the majority of the Cam-
panulas ; the young cuttings of these strike freely,
and if planted out early they form excellent plants the
same season. Seeds of all desirable kinds should
also be collected as soon as ripe, as this is by far the
most expeditious method of increasing a multitude of
things, to wit, Gentianas, Oxytropis, Dodecatheons,
&c. Taking that most beautiful and variable of the
former genus, G. septem6da, as an example, it cannot
be increased by cuttings or at all satisfactorily by
division, but it seeds freely, and if the seed is sown
as soon as ripe it germinates freely, and in two, or at
most three seasons, a grand colony of plants may be
had on the lower flanks of the rockery, or in the
border, which will give you y.ars of pleasure. That
most beautiful of all the American Cowslips, D.
integrifolium, is most easily managed after the same
fashion ; the seed should be sown as soon as ripe, and
it germinates readily. It is also the best plan to
adopt with the species of Oxytropis ; if the seeds of
these are kept long they will lie a long time, and often
not germinate at all. A very large number of hardy
flowers may be raised from seed sown in spring, using
4-inch pots, which should be placed in the frame, and
each covered with a slip of glass, which must be
removed as soon as germination takes place, I
have frequently been successful in raising Gentians
in the following manner :— The pots were well drained
and filled with light sandy soil, which was well
watered, and the seed sprinkled thinly upon the
surface, and finally covered with a little moss ; when
the seed germinated the moss was gradually removed,
and the seedlings finally fully exposed to the light.
The seed of many kinds of Primulas is best treated in the
same way — a poor mimicry of the frequently natural
surroundings of these plants being thus attempted.
Suflicient has been said to prove that with very little
trouble and expense alpines may be easily increased,
and I hope the ever-increasing culturists will try their
hands at the work, so that we may see in all, as well
as in some of the more prominent alpine gardens, the
showiest species represented in such masses as shall
gain for them even a larger share of popular favour
than they even now enjoy. T.

PLANT NOTES.

Hypericum coris. — I was somewhat surprised
when reading Mr. Wolley Dod's admirable notes on
Hypericums that he should speak of H. coris as not
being hardy. It is a plant which has a wide range in
altitude, being found in the immediate vicinity of Nice,
on the sea coast, and also runs north to near the main
chain of the maritime Alps up to an altitude of about
5000 feet above the sea. So there can be no ques-
tion respecting its hardiness, but rather a question as
to the texture and drainage of the soil in which it is
planted. It is most at home in narrow but deep
fissures of rockwork in rich sandy loam. We have,
however, a fine specimen of it growing in the her-
baceous border, where it has been for some years.
If plants of it are cultivated in pots it is best not
to plunge the pots, but just to stand them on ashes
or some porous material. We had a considerable
number of plants grown in this way which withstood
without injury those very severe winters when the
thermometer registered 385° of frost. When planting
Hypericum nummularium if one-third rough hard
peat, one-third rough fibry loam, and one-third coarse
silver-sand is used, and plenty of this compost in a
sunny, well drained (but not too dry) position it will
not only just exist, but will run freely and flower pro-
fusely. It is essentially a rock plant, at least it is so
in a wild state. I remember seeing it in great abund-
ance when riding on the coach from Pierrefitte to
Cauterets in the Pyrenees. It draped the rocks as
the Maidenhair (Adiantum Capillus- Veneris) does in
other parts of France. A'. Potter,

RUBUS CHAM.EMORUS AND R. SAXATILIS. — In

addition to the habitats of these plants given by Mr.
Webster and Mr. Nesbitt I may mention that I have
found the former abundantly on Cheviot, in Northum-
berland ; and the latter up the North Tyne, in the
same county. T. H. Archer Hind.

Dimensions of a few Rare Conifers.— A
correspondent kindly sends us the following about
some trees at Penny Hill, Bagshot, a locality very
favourable to the growth of Coniferous plants : —
Sciadopitys verticillata, 15 feet high, 13I feet in
diameter of head ; Thuiopsis Standishii, igi feet
high, II feet through the head ; Thuiopsis dolabrata,
17 feet high, 10 feet through the head ; Juniperus
japonica alba, 13^ feet high, and II feet in diameter
of head. These handsome specimens stand in the
grounds of Louis Schott, Esq.

DISEASE OF PRIMULAS.
UROCYSTIS PRIMULICOLA, MAGNUS.
The Rev. C. Wolley Dod is to be envied for his
productive garden. Not long since it gave rise to a

Fig. 53.— smut in primkdges.

new species of putrescent mildew on Lilies, named in
the Gardeners' Chronicle by Mr. Berkeley (Sept. 10,
1881) Ovularia elliptica ; Mr. Berkeley there told us
(p. 340) that Mr. Dod happily possessed "an abund-
ant supply of diseased Lilies." Edge Hall has now
produced a destructive parasite of Primulas which
has not hitherto been described as British. It is a
smut fungus allied to the smut of Oats, Wheat, and
Barley, but still more closely to the common smut of
Violets, and it attacks the capsules and seeds of
Primula farinosa in the same way as the smut fungus
(Ustilago carbo) attacks the grain of our cereals.
The interior material of the grain in the latter case,
and the whole interior of the seed capsule with its
seeds in the former, are replaced by fine black dust,
which under the microscope is seen as black fungus
spores. Mr. Dod writes that in most parts of his
garden Primula farinosa produces in the seed capsule
smut instead of seed, and in no case can he find smut
and good seed in the same plant. The fungus has
been present at Edge Hall for six years, and from
three parts to nine-tenths of the seed is destroyed by
it every year. The plants have been obtained twice
in autumn, gathered by Mr. Dod himself from its
native habitat, in boggy spots on the mountain (car-
boniferous) limestone. In the Edge Hall garden the
plants, whether growing in sun or shade, or wet or

dry beds, are alike attacked by the fungus. Mr.
Dod, two years ago, sent some plants from the native
habitat to the dry soil and climate of Godalming for
cultivation in an alpine garden in that position, but
the plants were attacked with smut exactly in the
style of the Edge Hall plants.

At A, fig. 52, I have illustrated a diseased umbel
of Primula farinosa from one of Mr. Dod's examples ;
it will be observed that all the seed capsules have
been replaced by smut and perished in a way an-
alogous with what one commonly sees in Oats. When
a little of the black powder is placed under the micro-
scope and magnified 400 diameters, it is seen to
consist of innumerable companies of compound spores
as shown at B, the inner cells (or spores) are dark
purple-brown or almost black in colour, whilst
the investing cells (also spores) are semi-trans-
parent and paler in colour, as shown. When the
little spore masses are placed in water they speedily
separate, as at c, and then it is noted that the con-
stituent cells are very irregular in shape and very
different from each other in size. At D I have
magnified one of the spore agglomerations to 1000
diameters, so that it may be compared with
other spores illustrated to the same scale in past
numbers of the Gardeners' Chronicle (see fig. 53).
Our more artistic readers will notice how ornamental
these growths are, and how adapted for the eardrops
and brooches of ladies if reproduced in pearls and
precious metals by a skilful jeweller.

Although handsome, smuts decidedly belong to the
lower orders of fungi and they are always ready to im-
bibe beer. The spores of Urocystis primulicola will
germinate sluggishly in water, but if placed in diluted
beer and kept under a bell-glass for a couple or three
days, they germinate as illustrated from Nature, at e,
by expelling a jointed thread, usually called pro-
mycelium ; this thread is constricted in a necklace-
like manner as shown, and at length the free beads or
joints drop apart, and a vast colony of colourless
yeast-like cells is deposited all over the surface of the
diluted beer. These latter cells are commonly termed
conidia, and they often branch from the sides as well as
from the ends of the promycelium thread. Many of
the conidia fuse together as at F, exactly as in Proto-
myces.

Professor De Bary has termed this simple
fusing "conjugation " but there is nothing of the
nature of true "conjugation," either in Protomyces
or any of the Ustilaginei or smut fungi. The
free cells which are produced all over the sur-
face of diluted beer are so extremely like yeast
cells that Dr. Oscar Brefeld, in his elaborate and
magnificently illustrated essay on smut fungi,
Botanische (Inters nchungcn uicr Hefenpilze, vol. v.,
says the masses of conidia are not only like yeast
colonies, but that they positively are yeast of one kind
or another. No one, it seems, can distinguish the
conidia of smut fungi from yeast cells, and it is
extremely common for the spores of the most diverse
fungi to excite alcoholic ferments.

Judging by what is known of the life-history of
other smut fungi. Primulas become invaded by Uro-
cystis primulicola in the following manner :— At this
time of the year the smut spores are blown away from
the Primulas on to the ground by the wind. Such
spores as fall in damp and suitable places, especially
where the diluted juices of stable-manure are present,
germinate at once, and produce promycelium and vast
colonies of yeast-like conidia. The colonies of conidia
repeatedly give rise to other colonies in the ground,
until every Urocystis spore has produced many yeast-
like colonies ; the more yeast colonies there are pro-
duced in the ground the greater chance there is for
the invasion of the Primulas next spring. The
conidia, we must now say, have a second manner of
germination, viz., by the protrusion of exceedingly
fine, long, extremely attenuated transparent mycelial
threads. As soon as the Primulas show renewed
growth next year these attenuated threads, which
will then be on or very near the surface of the ground,
reach the young Primula leaves at the ground line.
During humid weather the fungus threads creep into
the interior of the young Primula plants by the first
formed organs of transpiration, the fungus then grows
with the growing plant, and it is carried up the grow-
ing scape just as the fungus of the smut of Oats is
carried up the stem to the panicle which crowns the
top. Many of the Ustilaginei perfect themselves in
capsules or seeds, and the fungus we have before us
is no exception to the rule. To prevent smuts of all
sorts the best plan is to look after the fungus in its

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

269

early stage of growth, and nip off the infected part
and burn it before the spores are dispersed by the air.

The illustration, fig. 53, is reproduced from the
Gardfttirs* Chronicle for September 30, 1S76, and it
shows, enlarged 1000 diameters, the spores of various
British species of Urocystis closely allied to that of
the Primula smut. One of the fungi of the Gladiolus
disease, named Urocystis Gladioli, is shown at A, B.
The Convolvulus smut is shown at c, D ; this fungus,
Thecaphora byalina, grows within the capsules of
Convolvulus ; e is the smut of Colchicum, U. Col-
chici ; F, c, Rye and Sedge smut, U. occulta ; and
J and H the smut of the Ranunculacece named U.
pompholygodes.

It is often extremely difficult to ascertain whether
fungi, which are new to Britain, have been described

species, and it has remained unnamed in his her-
barium. Just now Mr. Broome is unable to lay his
hand on the examples abovenamed, but in all prob-
ability they are the same with the one which is now
so badly plaguing Mr. Dod, and described in these
notes.

We need hardly say there is danger of this pest
attacking other Primulas, including the Polyanthus
and Auricula. IV. G. Sniilh.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Manitoba. — A few Notes on the \Vili>
Fruits of Southern Manitoba, Canada. — I
have found the following kinds of wild fruits growing

W.C S AD. NAT. SC.

Fig. 53.— spores of urocystis. (see p. 268.)

Rfferhnces :— a, b, Urocystis Gladioli ; c, D, Thecaphora hyalina ; h, Urocystis violse ; f, g, U. colchlci ; H, U. occulta ;

J, U. pomphylogodes. Enlarged looo diam.

in other parts of Europe or the world, as the foreign
literature is not only bewildering but often most
difficult of access. There is no example from any
place in the herbarium of the department of Botany,
British Museum. As in former instances, we have
made enquiries of various botanical friends, but the
only gentleman who has a record of a named smut on
Primulas is Mr. William Phillips, F.L.S., of Shrews-
bury, who has obligingly informed us that the fungus
has been described under the name of Urocystis
primulicola, by Dr. Magnus, in Hedwigia^ 1879,
p. 19. It appears, however, that Mr. C. Edmund
Broome, M.A., of Batheaston, who, in conjunction
with the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, has done so much to
advance the study of European Mycology, that he has
a Polycystis from Primula farinosa gathered in Tees-
dale, in 1867 ; since then he has seen it in P. farinosa,
sent from the Cumberland lakes. Mr. Broome says
he was unable to refer his Polycystis to any described

in the woods here : — Cherries, small red ; ditto
black (troubled some with the black knot). Currants,
red, fair size ; ditto black, large. Gooseberries,
small red ; ditto green. Plums, small purple ; ditto
yellow. Raspberries, large, and of good flavour ;
Strawberries of a good size ; also Tree Cranberries,
Blueberries, and a small red berry like a Raspberry,
with a peculiar flavour ; the plant is a trailer. Wild
Grapes grow in some parts ; also Hops in abundance.
And on the banks of the Pembina River a dwarf ever-
green plant, a trailer, in height about 6 inches, in
appearance much like Box edging (it grows in the
poorest of soil here), covered in the spring with white
flowers, tinged with pink, much like Heath flowers in
shape and size, and during the autumn and winter
months the plants are covered with clusters of red
berries, in size like the Holly berries, which the birds
are very fond of. This plant could be used to great
advantage in England by planting on railway embank-

ments and rockeries, as it trails and takes root at the
joints, and looks pretty, the habit being dwarf, and
foliage evergreen, which makes the clusters of berries
show to a great advantage. If this plant has not been
introduced into England I shall be happy to supply to
any nurseryman who will give it a fair trial any
number of seeds, if they will send before the snow
falls in November, also any information respecting
this country. James Rooke, Pilot Mound, Maniloba,
Canada, [It would be well if our obliging correspon-
dent would send specimens of the plants he names in
order that they may be identified : popular names are
worthless in such a case. Ed.]

Ontario. — The season this summer has been
peculiar. June was variable — hot, and cold, and
dry — and our Strawberry crop was only partial, and
many fears were entertained as to all the crops, cereal
and horticultural, especially as the Wheat and Barley
looked thin and unpromising. July, however, proved
cool and showery, and promoted the growth of all
descriptions of plants, and the consequence was the
most extraordinary abundance of wild fruit we have
ever seen, and an excellent production in our fields —
the Raspberries, Gooseberries, and Whortleberries
having been unprecedentedly fruitful in our woods
and plains, and the Barley and Wheat affording excel-
lent crops in our fields, although the Barley was
injured by the showers of rain which fell just previouf
to and after it was cut. Apples, we fear, are almost
a failure. Mincsing, Ontario, August 13.

Natal. — Begonia geranioides, Bot, Mag., t. 5583,
mentioned in a former letter, is a handsome free-
flowering, tuberous-rooted plant. It grows in difTerent
sites, on dry river banks, shaded, however, and on
moist cliffs, in company with Begonia natalensis and
Dregei, Clivia miniata, and Cyathea Dregei. It
makes a really beautiful plant in a shaded rockery —
one mass of snow-white blooms about i foot through
and 2 feet high. In our dry winter, stem and leaves
fall off entirely. I have never seen it in the Cape
Colony, It would probably thrive at home planted
out in suitable soil, due care being taken to lift and
store away when frost begins. R. W. Adlam.

Jlaiiists' fouf^rs.

The Auricula.— Most people have repotted their
stock of plants by this time, and the plants are
probably well established ; in that case they should be
well exposed to light and air, by the lights being
drawn off at all times except to protect the plants
from very heavy rains — a gentle shower would do
them good. The skill of the cultivator is displayed in
keeping the plants clean and healthy. Greenfly is
very troublesome during the hot weather, and spreads
over the plants if it is not destroyed as soon as
observed. The full grown plants in pots must not be
over-watered just now. It is best not to give them
more water than just sufficient to keep the soil
moderately moist and to prevent the plants from
flagging. The young seedlings raised in the spring
require pushing on now. Some of our plants are
already in the pots they are to flower in — large 6o's ;
the larger proportion of them will be potted into
their flowering-pots during the next six weeks.
It is astonishing how very rapidly the seedlings
grow after this time of the year ; and until
they are checked by the first frosts. We dip the
plants in soft-soapy water each time they are potted.
The alpine varieties are now being repotted. They
do not require so much care afterwards as the show
varieties do ; when they are well established they are
left fully exposed to the weather, either sunshine or
rain. Offsets of choice varieties ought to be taken
off as soon as they are ready ; if potted into thumb-
pots in light soil they soon become established little
plants.

The Carnation and Picotee.— If the layering
has not been finished it ought to be done immediately,
else they will not have time to root sufficiently before
the cold weather sets in. If it is intended to save
seeds from any of the choice varieties they must be
kept under glass until the seeds are ripe ; the wet
weather, with heavy dews, prevents it from ripening
out-of-doors. The seedlings are now well established
in the open ground out-of-doors, and promise to make
good strong flowering plants for next year. A great
many persons seem to be interested in the raising of
seedling Carnations. It is well that the inexperienced
cultivator should know that April is the best month

270

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Aur.i.« 30, .ss^.

ia which to sow the seeds, and that the plants do not
require more than good garden soil to grow in. They
will flower strongly and well in soil in which Cab-
bages grow freely. The perpetual flowering varieties
now demand more attention, as those propagated
early in the year will be coming into flower, and the
later ones should be potted on in good soil to succeed
them. Some lew old plants that flowered in the
summer may be potied into larger pots, where they
flower after Christmas,

Thh Dahlia.— The plants now require daily
attention in the way of thinning out superfluous
shoots, and also disbudding. If the show kinds are
left to themselves they grow into a mass of shoots,
thickly furnished with side growths and buds, so that
the flowers would be of very small size. The growths
must be well thinned out in some cases, but not so
much so in others, as some of the flowers come large
and coarse, and others never do so, however much
they are thinned out. The dry hot weather has
necessitated frequent waterings overhead, and also at
the roots, this is best done in the evening. Thrips
are very troublesome and also earwigs. In some
cases, too, the nasty leather-coated grub has shown a
preference to the delicately-tinted petals of Mrs. Glad-
stone. They harbour on the harder leaves near the
roots. This last is easiest caught by the aid of a lamp
at night. The earwigs are caught in small pots on the
top of the sticks, and if the flowers are wanted for
exhibition the blossoms must be tied up in muslin
bags to escape the thrips. Cuttings of the smaller
growths may yet be put in small pots, they soon form
toots and become established. When dried off' in the
winter, they may be kept on the floor of a vinery or
in any house where the frost is kept out. These roots
are more easily kept through the winter than the old
roots that are dug up from the open ground,

The Gladiolus. — The beds of these are now in
full beauty, and they are the most useful of flowers
for cutting at this season. The best way is to cut the
spikes when the first three or four flowers are open ;
the others will open as well after the spikes are cut
and placed in water. They look most natural and
effective arranged with their own leaves. The fronds
of the Lady Fern or the common Lastrea Filix-mas
are also useful. If the flowers are eaten on the
spikes it is most likely done by caterpillars, which
lurk in the axils of the leaves by day and feed at
eight. If it is intended to save seeds the very best
varieties only should be hybridised for this purpose.
This is easily done by pinching off the anthers from
the half-opened flowers with the fingers, and using
the pollen from the fully-opened flower of another
variety two days alter ; by that time the flower will
be quite open.

The Hollyhock. — This will be a good season
for seed saving, as we have scarcely had any rain
since the first flowers opened. In wet seasons the
petals rot before the flowers can be removed from the
seed-pods, and this also causes the seeds to decay.
Red-spider has been very troublesome this year,
indeed where the leaves have not been well syringed
Ihey are quite yellow and dropping from the plants ;
mulching over the roots and watering well goes a long
way to keep them in health. Eyes from the side
growths may yet be put in singly in small pots ; they
Boon push through the ground and form little rooted
plants, which in a few weeks may be potted into 3 or
4-inch pots, in which they will stand through the
winter. Although we had a bad visitation of the
Puccinia before the plants were turned out of their
pots, by persistent washing with strong soft-soapy
water, in which flowers of sulphur was dissolved, it
disappeared, and we have not seen it since the plants
were put out. J. Douglas^ Great Cearies^ Ilford.

FOREIGN NOTES.

The Santa Barbara Vine. — I hasten to send
you some reliable data concerning the Santa Barbara
Vine, or Vines. The original Vine, which, as nearly
as can be ascertained, was planted by Donna Marce-
lina Felix, a native Californian, about the year 1815,
was removed in 1876, and the trunk exhibited at the
Centennial Exposition. Marcelina's account of it was
that she used the cutting, obtained at the San Antonio
Mission, as a riding-whip, and returning to her home
in Monticito (near Santa Barbara) stuck it into the
ground neat lur h.uie. It was of the Mission variety,

I saw it in 1S70. It measured 12 inches in diameter
4 feet from the ground, where it divided and was
carried over a trellis covering an area of 10,000 square
feet. In good years the crop was enormous — from
10,000 lb. to 12,000 lb. ; the bunches often weighed
6 lb. The "daughter Vine," now about thirty years
old, is likely to be equally famous. I visited it two
or three weeks ago, and was glad to find that Dr.
Doremus, a brother of the late Dr. Ogden Doremus,
of New York, had purchased it. The soil, exposure,
and copious subirrigation of the Montecito fruit belt
explains the exceptional fertility of the Santa Barbara
Vine. J. C, C. [An illustration of this Vine was
given in our columns in 1S7S, p. 117. Ed.]

Jhe "fr^oPAQATOR.

The Propagation and Culture Oi- Beddi.ng
Plants— Pelargoniums. — It is more than desirable
— it is important — that the gardener should make a
good stock before the winter. Newly acquired bedding
plants, desirable for propagation, are often lost by
relying on the lifted plants to give stock in spring,
and it is therefore a far better plan to strike young
ones from cuttings taken at the end of summer, and
besides obtaining as many as possible of desirable
kinds, the old stuff' should be kept. It will be
necessary to forra a bed 4 feet wide, and as long as
may be required. If possible, it should be made on
a hard bottom, but it must be in an open position
fully exposed to the sun. The soil should be made
up of three barrowloads of old soil, that has previously
been used for potting purposes, or similar soil sifted
through a 4-inch sieve ; to this should be added a barrow-
ful of maiden soil and one of sand, the whole to be
well mixed together. In forming the bed, the first
layer should be of sifted cinder ashes I or 2 inches
deep, and upon this 5 or 6 inches of above soil,
Pat the whole down with a spade, and so make it level
and solid. A few bricks should be placed round the
margin of the bed to prevent the water washing away
the soil, and after gently watering the bed it will be
ready to receive the cuttings. In making the cuttings
all kinds can be taken, whether the ordinary bedding
plants, scented or variegated, but the wood must be
ripe and preference should be given to those plants
which grow on the borders of the flower beds, and to
those situated in isolated and exposed places. After
trimming the cuttings they should be dibbled into the
bed prepared in rows, giving each cutting enough
room and pressing all firmly into the soil. They
must also be well watered now, because they must be
deprived of it until they have rooted. It is not
necessary to shade them or indeed to do anything else
than occasionally to pick off the decayed leaves.
When they have rooted through they must be potted
each into a small 60-pot and placed in a shallow
frame or front platform of a bouse. Here they must
be kept moderately watered, and plenty of air must be
given them. About the second week in January a
certain number should be potted, the strongest into
large 48's and the others into small 48's, and placed
in a growing house as near the glass as possible.
For a lortnight after being potted they should be
allowed to stand what is termed "rough," that is,
nothing should be done to them, and they should not
even be watered. At the end of that time they
should be well watered, and never afterwards allowed
to become dry ; and when they have filled their pots
with roots a little weak guano-water may be given
once or twice a week. In watering with guano-water
great care should be taken to prevent any drops fall-
ing on the foliage ; and after watering a house of
plants with manure-water it is a good plan to water
them again, but with ordinary water, and overhead
with a rose-pot, so as to wash off any guano that
may have dropped upon the foliage. In potting
them in 48*5 the soil used is composed of three-
quarters good turfy loam and one-quarter good leaf-
mould, well mixed together, and the plants should be
firmly potted. It is necessary to move the plants
through the house once a week. To do this a battow-
ful can be placed on the ground, so as to give room
to move the other plants forward. At the same time
each plant should be turned round, stopping it if
necessary and picking off dead leaves. These pot ted-
on plants will be very useful for flowering in pots,
and for extra-sized plants for vases and large beds.
The general stock must, of course, have pots and
r'jym given Ihcni as convenipnce may t'iutate. This

treatment will apply to all bedding Pelargoniums
which are intended to be grown into nice plants in
a short space of time.

Verbenas. — These plants should be propagated in
a two-light frame beneath a north wall. The bottom
of the frame should be made of cinder-ashes 2 inches
deep. Obtain some well drained 4S-pots and fill them
to within half an inch ol the top with soil composed
of half maiden mould, one-third leaf-mould, and one-
fourth river-sand well mixed together, and sifted
through a J-inch sieve. Alter pressing the soil firmly
into the pots put a i-inch layer of sifted river-sand
on the top, and well water them to make the soil firm.
For cuttings it is best to select shoots which the plant
throws up from the centre, having about four leaves
in a joint, but the flower-buds must be picked out or
else select the small side-shoots. Place a dozen
cuttings round the border of the pot, and eight in the
centre ; water and place in the frame. Here they
require shading from the hot sun, to be sprinkled
with a fine rose pot night and morning, and to be
allowed air night and day by raising the lights I inch.
When rooted they can be potted oft singly into small
pots and placed in a cold frame, where they must be
kept moderately watered and allowed plenty of air,
and in order to make them hardy they can be
left in the frame till late in the autumn. They can
then be removed to a shelf or platform in a cold house,
and the flower-buds must be pinched out as soon as
they appear, or they can be stopped by other means ;
the plants will thus become dwarf and bushy. In the
early spring, if more plants are required, a few of the
above plants should be placed in a Cucumber-house
or any other moist, warm house, and they will soon
produce enough cuttings to supply the demand ; the
plants should, however, previously be potted into
some good soil.

Santolina incana, Teucrium variegatum, Calceo-
larias, and other bedding plants of a like nature
should be managed in the same way, 7. O,

jjlanta and i\t\\ \}x\\\\\t.

Autumn and Winter Flowering Plants ;
Stove. — Every possible attention should now be
given to the entire stock of these subjects, on which
so much reliance will have to be placed during the
dull months of the year. Potting operations should
be brought to a close as soon as possible, even with
all the later batches, in order to have all slock well
rooted during the coming month. The forward lot
of Poinsettia pulcherrima can, and ought to be, well
exposed ; ours are even in the open air, and as
sturdy as one could desire. These are last year's cut-
tings grown on. This season's strikings are under
cover of a light, airy pit, with ventilation day and
night. The latest batch of cuttings will need keeping
a bit closer for a week or two longer, then treated in
a similar manner to prevent them from drawing. The
object to be aimed at in the cultivation of both Puin-
settias and Euphorbia Jacquinireflora is to well ripen
the wood by exposure to light and air ; the latter can
be treated in a similar manner to the former, or be
grown in a stove or Pine-pit where there is not an
excess of moisture : in either case the result should be
satisfactory. If there is sufficient room at command,
we would advise the planting-out system, provided a
dry spot be chosen, so that no superabundant growth
is made late in the year to the future disparagement
of the looked-for return in flowers. Though now
somewhat late, I would not hesitate in planting out
good strong plants in a favourable position ; thus
treated, more lateral growth will be made that
will give a succession. When planting out is
decided upon, it will be necessary to secure an
abundance of drainage, and a porous open soil for
their future welt-being. Begonias of the winter-
flowering section should, like the Poinseltias, be
kept as airy as pcssible to secure as dwarf
and compact plants as can be got by these
means. They will afterwards be found to make an
extra amount of lateral shoots when introduced into a
more growing temperature with a corresponding
return in floral display. B, insignis and B. Knows-
leyana are thus treated by us, and they give every
satisfaction. Any stock of these or other kinds, if
IncHncil to be leggy, should be pinched back at once,

1

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

271

shoots of medium strength being preferable to a strong
sappy growth. Do not water them in a liberal manner,
or this, too, will induce a strong growth ; give sufti*
cient for their needful requirements, but do not go
beyond this for the present. In a mild and sheltered
position Centropogon Lucianus will do out-of-doors
for a few weeks, and be found to appreciate the
change when again brought under cover, Eranthe-
mum Andersoni and K. pulchellum are putting up
their first spikes earlier than usual with us ; we hive
them in a well ventilated pit at present, where they
will succeed well through next month, and be found
useful during October in the stove. It is not too late
to strike a batch of E. pulchellum ; they can be
turned to a good account even in 3-inch pots. I'iura-
bago rosea is disposed to become tall in growth ; any
such plants, if carefully tied to sticks, can (when
making arrang^ements (or storing them during the
winter) be tied to wires near the roof, and be allowed
thus to develope their showy spikes of bloom. Jus-
ticias and Scutellarias will be all the better if kept in
a temperate-house with /ree ventilation ; then when
later on they are introduced into more heat the spikes
will soon push up and come into use at a desir-
able time. Voung stock of Thyrsanthus rutilans
can be treated in a similar manner'; in the case of ours,
however, we have left them in the stove, having kept
over last year's young plants which are now on a good
long stem. In this way they will stand well above other
surroundings, and thus produce a better etlect when in
flower, with this extra advantage in showing off their
long pendent racemes. '.Ve have several large plants
of Gardenia intermedia that are at present standing in
a Peach-bouse that is open day and night ; we hope to
keep them there till the end of September, then when
introduced into a more growing temperature we ex-
pect to get a good return at a season when they will
do us far more service. The Epiphyllum truncatum
section of Cacti should now be kept in a tolerably dry
atmosphere with less water at the root for a few weeks.
A vinery containing ripe Grapes will suit them very
well, failing a position where more fully exposed to
the beneficial influence of the sun. Impatiens Sul-
tani promises to be an almost perpetual bloomer ; we
are thinking of striking some cuttings soon to make
dwaif plants for the winter and early spring. Some
two or three plants of this species were stood out in
the open air several weeks back and are now flowering
freely ; the hot weather of late has, no doubt, favoured
this mode of culture more than would be the case in
many seasons. We advise growers of Aphelandra
aurantiaca Rcezlii to keep them in the stove, and if on
a shelf near the glass so much the better for keepirg
the plants compact. We do not grow this kind, bwt
would certainly do so if we had to supply any
great quantity of plants for furnishing purposes.
This and A. nitens are two most distinct plants,
well worthy of more recognition than they
receive as well as being of easy culture.
Dipladenia boliviensis is a free growing and very
distinct species, useful in the late autumn and winter
months. It will succeed best in a temperate-house
during hot weather, and when again taken into the
stove will continue to yield a supply of its pretty white
blossoms.

Greenhouse and Pits.— A goodly quantity of
plants coming under this head will possibly have
been turned out of their pots into the open soil during
the summer months. They can safely remain in this
state for another week or two, but in the meantime
it will be as well to cut round the ball or gently lift
them a trifle with a foik in order to check over-
luxuriance, Bouvardias will need to be taken under
cover as soon as anything ; ours are this year turned
out of pots and doing well, but will soon be lifted and
the major portion planted into a pit in which a
la'e crop of Melons has been taken. This system
answers well with us for an abundant supply of cut
bloom, we therefore recoramed others to try the same
plan for once. Solanums when taken up for potting
should begot into as small pots as possible, consistent
with ihe well-being of the plants, and also receive a
thorough soaking at the root to settle them into their
fresh quarters. The protection of a cold frame or
pit will be sufficient for them, with occasional damp-
ing overhead tiil fresh root-action commences. We
used to keep them close after potting, but found that
it was too sudden a change from the open air.
Richardia cethiopica, if in the open ground, should be
taken up soon and treated in a similar way, dividing
extra strong clumps if necessaiy. 'y antes lliid^cn^
Gunnenbiiry House GardenSf Ailoiif U\

]pF(UlTg -yNDEFJ 'C^LApg.

SiRAWDERRiES.— Plants that were potted early
and gradually brought to withstand the uninterrupted
force of the sun have made exceedingly satisfactory
advancement, the clear dry day atmosphere and dewy
nights having promoted both strong and compact
leaf development — conditions in the plant's formation
so necessary to insure bold and perfectly matured
crowns, which, being the properties indispensable to
secure satisfactory fruitfulness, must be obtained by
the end of the growing season. Although the weather
has great control over their production still much
depends upon the cultivator's management, one of
the principal evils to be guarded against being a
drawn weakly growth, which is accelerated by shade
or by the plants being arranged too closely together. To
avoid this sufficient space should be atTorded to prevent
the foliage meeting, so that the air can circulate
amongst them unchecked. Runners are usually pro-
duced in proportion to leaf-development, and should
be at once removed, so that the energies o( the plants
are in no degree sacrificed through them, while super-
fluous crowns, which some varieties, notably Sir
Charles Napier and Vicomtesse Hcricart de Thury,
produce abundantly, should also be nipped out as
soon as visible, one strong crown being all that is
requisite to carry a full crop, as is evinced in La
Grosse Sucree {a variety inadvertently omitted in the
list of suitable kinds for forcing at p. 739, in the last
vol.), which seldom forms more than a single
one. Moreover, plants that are allowed to retain
a cluster of crowns, and are consequently en-
cumbered with masses of small foliage, pre-
venting the sun from reaching their centres,
do not yield the largest fruits, although they
push numerous small flower-spikes, necessitating
severe thinning. Watering will require close atten-
tion during dry weather, for which purpose the plants
should be examined at least once daily. So far this
season it has caused us considerable labour, but with
results much more satisfactory than could have been
attained if we had had a dribbling season before the
roots had well ramified in the fresh soil. Constant
saturation, especially at that stage, is very detri-
mental, and rather than allow the plants at any
period to remain any length of time in that state, the
pots should be turned (or a time on their sides to
avoid rain reaching the soil. When the pots are well
filled with roots, and the plants require extra assist-
ance, weak clarified liquid manure may advan-
tageously be employed. The syringe sould be made
good use of each evening after clear days, the water
being directed on both surfaces of the leaves to refresh
the plants, and prevent an attack of red-spider.

Vines. — Wasps being very numerous this season,
and having already commenced their depredations
amongst ripe Grapes, some means must be taken
to prevent their ravages ; this is best achieved
by excluding them from the houses by securely
placing hexagonal netting over the ventilators, which
effectually debars them, without to an injurious extent
interrupting the necessary circulation of air. Enve-
loping the bunches in muslin bags is sometimes
adopted ; it is an unsatisfactory practice, however,
inasmuch as the berries invariably get rubbed thereby,
while decayed ones cannot be readily observed, or
conveniently removed. Late Hamburghs have been
considerably hastened by the very hot weather, but
by careful management their quality in point of flavour
can be preserved for some time to come, and their
colour will also be retained, providing there is, as
there should be, a regular covering of clean foliage
over the entire trelliswork ; the temperature of the
house is kept cool by liberal ventilation through the
day, with enough at night to cause a movement in the
atmosphere, and sufficient fire-heat is made use of
during damp weather to keep the temperature of the
house a few degrees above that outside, while the
borders should be kept moderately moist by careful
waterings with cold water, early on fine mornings, so
that superfluous moisture may escape before the ven-
tilation is reduced. External borders containing the
roots of Vines carrying ripe fruit should be protected
with shutters or some such contrivance, to guard them
from becoming excessively wet with heavy rains,
which would be prejudicial to the Grapes keeping, and
a similar precaution should be taken with respect to
borders which have been allowed to get very dry,

and possess the roots of varieties having fruit Hearing
maturity, otherwise the rush of sap which a sudden
saturation would occasion after partial starvation
would cause the berries to split. Madresfield Court
is particularly impatient to abrupt changes caused by
water either at the roots or in the atmosphere, and re-
quires very careful management in that respect. Late
Mucats should be pushed forward by being afl'orded
high day temperatures, and that for the night
not lower than 70°, while other particulars in their
treatment should be carried out as has been
previously directed for earlier crops, that ought
to be ripe by the end of September, otherwise the
chance of their obtaining the rich amber colour,
evidencing skilful culture, will be lost, as well as high
flavour— properties which are indispensable to long
keeping.

Pines.— Whilst the late winter and early spring
fruiting plants are in blossom, the night temperature
should on no account be permitted to fall lower than
70°, that for the d.iy should range 10° higher, and may
reach 95" by the sun's aid if accompanied with proper
ventilation. Preserve a bottom-heat of from 85° to
90°, and a moderately dry atmosphere, so that perfect
fertilisation may take place ; as soon, however, as
this period is over the amount of moisture should
be increased, and the plants be assisted with the ex-
hilarating agents previously recommended for fruiting
plants. Successional Queens, intended for supplying
ripe fruits next May and June, should be during
September prepared for rest, providing they are
strong and large, which they should be by this time if
they were satisfactory when potted in February ; this
should be accomplished by gradually subjecting them,
so that no sudden check occurs, to more free ventila-
tion, and at the same time diminishing the supply of
moisture, both at the roots and in the air. The tem-
perature of the beds and the atmosphere must be
correspondingly lowered. There should now be no
delay in getting the necessary supply of suckers (to
which reference was made at p. 15) potted, so that
they may become well rooted without being pot-bound
before the resting time. Let them be plunged well
up to the glass, where they will have a chance of
remaining dwarf and sturdy through the winter.
Pines are too frequently neglected during the time
they are in their sucker pots, although they
demand as much attention at that stage as
any other, in order to produce fruits of large size.
So long as the weather continues in its present sta'e
all sections of plants will require carefully shading,
but as soon as a change takes place and the days
shorten they must be gradually inured to withstand
the sun. This should be managed by fixing the shad-
ings later, and removing them earlier in the day.
Where there is difficulty in securing a sufficient quan-
tity of suckers of Smooth Cayenne and other shy
varieties, room should be found to keep some of the
old plants on for a time after their fruits are gathered ;
if the foliage is shortened back the pots may be
plunged closely together, and thus occupy but little
space. By this means we are enabled to keep up a
good stock of these kinds, and often have suckers to
spare. Thotnas Coontbcr^

NEW INVENTIONS.

An elastic rubber tubing, perfectly gas-tight and
free from smell, has been urgently needed for macy
years ; in fact the impossibility of uiaklng salibfactory
gas connections for gas apparatus which requires to
be movable, has rendered the use of gas as a fuel in
many cases a most objectionable nuisance. The tub-
ing recently patented is made of two layers of rubber,
with pure soft tinfoil, vulcanised, betv/een. It is per-
fectly and permanently gas-tight under any pre:sure,
and free from the slightest trace of smell after long-
continued use, whilst it retains the flexibility and
elasticity of an ordinary rubber tube. The braided or
cloth-covered tube, which has been made with the
intention of filling this want, has never come into
general use, owing to the very small quantity of gas
it passes, rendering it almost useless except for small
lighting burners, and also that special brass connec-
tions and screws have to be fitted to every burner and
to both ends of every length of tube ; both these
serious faults are entirely done away with. This tube
is the result of many years' experiments, and fills a
most urgent want which every user of gas-heating
apparatus must feel almost daily. Irrespective of the
well-known fact that extremely thin layers of rolled or
beaten metal are perfectly gas-tight, the tube has
been in practical use for some time, and has been
thoroughly tested for months under continuous and
heavy pressures of gas. Tho^, Fkhhcr,

272

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 18

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Monday,

Tuesday,

Sept. 1 (

Is

Sept. 3 <

f Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &

Morris' Rooms.
I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
f Flower Show at Stratford on- Avon (two

days).
I Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
' at Protheroe & Morris" Rooms.
' Bath Floral Fete (two days)
I Brighton Horticultural Society's Show (two
I days).

[ Sale oi Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
[ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &

Morris' Rooms.
1 Sale of Imported Orchids, from Mr.

Sander, at Stevens' Rooms,
r Dahlia and Fruit Show, at the Crystal
I Palace (two days)-

J Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
( Morris' Rooms.
Saturday, Sept. 6 4 ^^If of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
' w " ^ Morns", and at Stevens' Rooms.

Wednesday, Sept. 3 X

Thursday, Sept. 4

Friday.

Sept.

WITH even greater truth than in the case
of the Apple may it be said that the
Damson is an English fruit. The hardy
character of the tree, its easy cultivation, and
its usually abundant crop, give it special value
in a fickle climate like our own. In certain
districts cf Kent, Cheshire, and Shropshire, the
Damson is grown on a large scale, while
throughout the country it is a favourite in the
gardens of the amateur and of the cottager.
The varieties are not very numerous. On the
present occasion we give illustrations of four of
them.

The most commonly grown variety is the
common Damson(fig.54, i), sometimes called the
English Damson, or the round Damson. The
fruits are small, ovate-oblong, of deep purple
colour, with a thin bloom. The flesh is
greenish-yellow, and so rough in flavour that
its excellent qualities require the aid of the
cook to develope them properly.

The Shropshire Damson (fig. 54,2) bears larger
fruit, of a Pear-like shape, and although not so
sure a cropper, is of better quality.

The American Damson (fig. 54, 3) is less known,
and for our illustration we are indebted to the
pages of the /^/om/ and Pomolos;ist for 1S78,
where a coloured illustration of this and other
varieties is given. According to our con-
temporary the fruits of the American Damson
are large and globular, the skin dark purple,
slightly spotted with brown. The flesh is
greenish-yellow, adhering to the stone, juicy,
melting, and sweetly flavoured. It is reputed
to be a shy bearer.

The Frogmore Damson (fig. 54, 4) originated
in the Royal Gardens at Frogmore, and is
described by Mr. Powell as having broader
leaves than those of the common kind, with a
more spreading habit of growth and less thorny
shoots. The fruits are rather larger than those of
the other kinds above-mentioned, ovate-globose
purplish-black, and richly flavoured. It has an
excellent character as a cropper.

It will be seen that the alleged differences
between Bullaces and Damsons — the former of
which are more or less globular, the latter more
or less ovoid— are not at all to be depended upon.
Perhaps the season of ripening afibrds better
distinctions — Bullaces, of which the white or
common BuUace is best known, ripening in the
end of October, while Damsons proper become
fit for use a month earlier. With reference to
this variability the late Mr. Rivers recorded
in our columns in 1S63, that he sowed some
bushels of the common Damson, and that while
all the seedlings had glabrous shoots (not
downy as in the Shropshire), yet the fruits
varied considerably. In some the fruit was
oval, in others round or roundish, and in a few
the fruit was small, closely resembling that of
the wild Sloe.

Botanically, Sloes, Bullaces, and Plums are
all referred to one species, Prunus communis.
Sir Joseph Hooker, in the Student's Flora,
gives the following distinctive characters : —

" Sub-species Spinosa (Sloe or Blackthorn).— Bark
black; branches divaricate all spinescent; leaves finely ser-
rulate, at length glabrous beneath ; flowers } — | inch in
diameter, preceding the leaves ; pedicels solitary or in

pairs, glabrous ; petals obovate ; drupe i inch in
diameter, black, erect, very austere,

"Sub-species Insititia (BuUace). — Bark brown ;
branches straight, a tew spinescent ; leaves larger,
broader, more obtusely serrate, pubescent beneath ;
peduncles downy ; petals broader ; drupe ^ — i inch in
diameter, globose, drooping, black or yellow.

"Sub-species Domestica (Wild Plum). — Bark
brown ; branches straight, unarmed ; leaves pubescent
on the ribs beneath ; peduncles glabrous ; drupe i — 1|
inch in diameter, black, not indigenous."

The common Sloe, however, is so different
from the other two that it would seem prefer-
able to consider it, at any rate, as distinct.

In the Fruit Manual Dr. HOGG enumerates
the following varieties : — The black BuUace which
is found in a half wild state in the hedges, and is
not greatly different from the Sloe or Black-
thorn of the hedges ; then of white Bullaces
there are the Essex BuUace, the Royal Bul-
lace, and the White BuUace. Under the
heading " Damson " are enumerated the
common Damson, the Shropshire, the Dal-
rymples. Rivers' Early, and Shailers' White. In
addition, there is the Crittenden Damson, raised
near Maidstone by Mr. J. Crittenden, and
which is considered to be the best of all the
Damsons. Of this we hope shortly to give an
illustration.

Damsons are usually propagated by budding
or by grafting on seedling stocks, for although
they will do perfectly well on their own roots,
yet, if it be wished to secure the permanence of
the improved varieties, it is better not to trust to
seedlings.

The two words above cited may throw some
light on the origin of the fruits in question.
The word Damson is supposed to be a corrup-
tion of Damascene, implying a fruit derived
from Damascus. BuUace, on the other hand,
written originally bolays or bulks, according to
Dr. Prior, is connected with the Latin bulla,
meaning a boss on the bridle of a horse, in
allusion to the hard round fruit. Possibly these
two names — one of Asiatic, the other of
European origin — may indicate a twofold
origin, the Sloes and Bullaces being referable
to one original species of European origin,
represented by P. spinosa, the Plums to another
of Asiatic birth. These speculations may seem
to be of little practical importance, but to those
who interest themselves in the raising of new
and improved varieties, the matter is not so
entirely a matter for the botanist and philologist
as it might at first sight seem to be. Indeed,
from the standpoint of the practical cultivator
who has to reckon with spring frosts, the
northern or oriental lineage of the trees in
question is by no means a matter of indif-
ference.

— Effects of the Dry Season. — Rural
residents in the western parts of England, where
ordinarily the annual rainfall is double that which
is experienced in the neighbourhood of London and
south thereof, and where consequently the proportion
of sunshine they get is much less than in the Southern
Counties, may often be heard lamenting about the
effects of the less favourable climate in which they
live. The bright solar rays are invigorating in
their influence on animal as they are on plant life ;
yet, with the almost unprecedentedly dry condition of
the soil existent for some distance round London
many things are suffering to an extent that can
scarcely be imagined. Amongst deciduous trees
Horse Chestnuts, Limes, and Mountain Ash are the
worst affected, many of these being already half
denuded of their leaves. During the week ending
August 23 the leaves of some trees— notably Syca-
more-were hanging limp, and in a flagging condi-
tion, in a way rarely seen in this country. The
general leaf-fall will doubtless, in this part, be consi-
derably earlier than usual. Many shrubs have quite
stopped growing, and have their buds prematurely
formed. Herbaceous plants, where not exceptionally
favoured in the matter of soil and situation, are all
but dried up ; bedding plants, where the soil was not
well matured, or regularly supplied with water, have
never this summer made the progress they usually do.
Roses, where the land is rich, have made good growth
after the first flowering ; but, unless where watered,

the shoots seem now so stagnated that they do not
promise to give much in the way of bloom through
the autumn. Such vegetables as Beet and Carrots
will be small and indifferent in quality ; Turnips
are hard, stringy, and scarcely eatable, with little
chance of there being an autumn crop of this vegetable
of much account. Cabbages are tough and leathery ;
Cauliflowers hard in texture, and when cooked much
like indifferent Broccoli in a dry cold spring. The
late crops of Potatos in many places came to a full
stop in their growth several weeks back, and have
now begun supettubering to a large extent ; and the
grass is so burnt that meadows, pastures, and the
corn-cleared stubbles, are all much of a colour. This
state of matters is not by any means general through
the country. Sixty or seventy miles westward, south-
ward and northward of London the whole aspect of
the land is quite different, rain having fallen in quan-
tity sufficient to keep things in a verdant condition,
although much drier than usual.

Aralia Sieboldi, —This plant rarely per-
fects its flowers in a greenhouse, and as it flowers
naturally in our autumn and winter, the flowers in a
cool temperature fall off without getting fertilised.
If plants that show a disposition to flower — and old
plants usually do that — were put into a house having
a night temperature of 55° to 60°, and kept in a
gentle growing condition, the flowers that appear, as
a rule, when the plant reaches 9 inches in height,
would develope themselves in a perfect state. This
opening of the flowers is a gradual process, and does
not take place over the whole head of bloom at once.
A feather or camel's-hair brush can be used to better
distribute the pollen. The seeds ripen in about two
months, and may be sown in autumn and treated
cool, or they may be sown in spring, but then they
come up more irregularly than autumn-sown ones.

Royal Orchid Bouquet.— The foUowing is

a list of the Orchid blooms contained in a bouquet pre-
sented to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales
on the occasion of a visit last Friday to the Forestry
Exhibition, Edinburgh : — Vanda tricolor Patersoni
and V. teres Andersoni, Cattleya Leopoldi var. gut-
tata, Brassia maculata guttata, Miltonia spectabills,
Odontoglossum^AlexandrEe, Uro-Skinneri, tripudians,
vexillariura, Rossi, R. majus, Lindleyanum, and
Pescatorei ; Disa grandiflora supetba, Masdevallia
Davisi, Veitchi, amabilis, maculata, aurea, octhodes,
and Lindeni ; Angr;ecum eburneum, Aerides Reichen-
bachianum and quinquevulnerum, Cypripedium bar-
batum, javanicum, Sedeni, longifolium, Harrisianum,
and Roezlii ; Dendrobium chrysanthum, Stenia fim-
briata (resembling the face of Mephistopheles),
Maxillaria grandiflora and venusta, Dendrochilum
filiforme, Epidendrum vitellinum, vitellinum majus,
prismatocarpum, andcinnibarinum; Phalsenopsis Lud-
demanniana, Saccolabium Blumei majus and gutta-
tum, Oncidiura Weltoni, Harrisonianum, Mesospini-
dium sanguineum and vulcanicum, Nerine Fothergillii
major (a Cape bulb). Around the basket were sprays
of Prince Albert's Pine ; also flowers of Lapageria alba
and rosea. Her Royal Highness before leaving gave
orders that the flowers should be sent to Dalmeny,

Linaria hepaticefolia. — At first sight

one might mistake this for our native Ivy-leaved Toad
Flax, but the trailing branches are shorter, and cling
closely to the ground or stones over which it creeps,
forming an evergreen carpet of verdant neatness that
is pleasing and attractive to the eye at all seasons.
Add to this the lively purple and white flowers that
stud the living carpet for the greater part of the
summer, and we have a plant suitable alike for the
rockery or for carpeting the ground about tall-growing
or otherwise leggy plants. On the new rockery at
Kew it is used with excellent effect to cover the
ground where Narcissus bulbs are planted. It is a
native of Corsica, on the mountains, from whence we
have a number of miniature and familiar garden
plants, such as Stachys Corsica, Arenaria balearica,
and Mentha Regnieri,

Ripening the Wood. — One of the first

essentials to enable plants of a hard-wooded nature to
flower freely is that the current season's growth should
be well-matured ; without this, however healthy and
strong they may be, it is useless to expect more than
a meagre display of bloom. So well is this under-
stood amongst the gardening community that it may
appear unnecessary to urge the matter ; yet, each
returning spring, how often do we bear complaints of

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

273

plants flowering indifferently through the preceding
season's growth not being properly matured. This
more particularly applies to stove and intermediate-
house species, the necessity for using more or less
shade during the greater part of the growing season
tends to a soft pithy condition of the wood.
Comparatively few plants, when in their natural
element — the open air — need any protection from the
sun ; but, when indigenous to climates that make the
use of fire-beat a necessity with us, shading to some

as not yet to bear being wholly exposed, no more of
the mixture ought to be left on than cannot be done
without. To further assist the maturing process, less
atmospheric moisture should be used by reducing the
amount of water thrown on the paths and stages, and
by watering early in the morning, so that all that runs
through the soil may have time to get dried up before
closing the house in the evening. Air should also
now be given earlier in the day, and more freely, so
as not only to help to mature the growth that has

with, so that it is with pleasure that we notice the
above named sort as having lately been introduced to
commerce. According to the Garten Zeitimg for
August 2t, "The (irm of A. Rathke & Son, at
Praust, will introduce a pendulous habited Apple
into commerce, which has been raised from seed.
This tree combines with beauty of form the pro-
perty of great fruitfulness, and the weeping habit
has proved itself quite constant during ten years,
^nd hus a charming appearance either in bloom, in

Fig. 54.— damsons — i, the common damson; 2, the Shropshire damson; 3, the American variety; 4, the frogmore damson, (see p. 272.)

extent has generally to be resorted to— at all events,
in the early part of the season, whilst the leaves and
shoots are tender ; but now, when the summer has
got so far advanced, plants of all kinds should be
more exposed to direct sunlight. Where moveable
shading is used the blinds should not be run down so
early in the mornings, even in the brightest weather,
and they should be removed correspondingly earlier in
the afternoons. Where the glass is smeared with any of
the materials generally employed for the purpose, the
whole should be washed off where it can be dispensed
with, and where the plants are of such a description

been made, but also to discourage any inclination in
the plants to undue extension of their shoots, a condi-
tion that invariably occurs when an over-moist close
atmosphere is kept up. The natural consequence of
such unusually hot weather as we have recently expe-
rienced is that many plants in stoves and intermediate-
houses are this season full of soft growth, which will
require forethought to get it ripened before the
autumn is too far gone.

Pyrus malus pendula Elise Rathke. —

Pendulous habited Crabs are very rarely to be met

leaf, or in fruit. The fruit, which has not as yet
been ascertained pomologically, and certified, is a
good medium-sized keeping Apple, lasting till March
and April, yellowish in colour, and possessing a tart
flavour."

Anthurium Veitchii. — The flowers of this

species are amongst the least attractive of any ; but,
like a vast number in the order, they are possessed of
an odour (in this case agreeable) that pervades the
whole house in which the plant is grown, especially if
the atmosphere is moisture-laden. This odour con-

274

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August 30, 18

tinues to be given off until the anthers have all shed
their pollen, a process which often occupies a consi-
derable number of days, and sometimes weeks, as in
the case of A. acaule. The subject of this note,
however, is valued as a foliage plant, the leaves of
which, when it is grown as a specimen, and afforded
sufficient head-room and pot-room, attain a length of
4 or more feet. The blade is oblong, with a cordate
base, and pendulous from the top of its petiole, in the
manner of an Alocasia. The surface is deep green,
and raised transversely into broad convex ridges,
which follow the lateral veins in a curved or arching
direction. A small but flowering specimen is to be
seen in the stove at Kew.

L/ELIA Dayana. — We learn that probably

the finest plant in this country of the rare and beauti-
ful Laelia elegans Dayana is now blooming finely at
Mr, William Bull's, King's Road, Chelsea. It has
three spikes, two with seven flowers each, and one
with five.

Diseases of Field and Garden Crops. —

We are pleased to be able to announce the publication
of a small volume on this subject from the pen of Mr.
WOkTHiNGTON SMITH, to which we shall have further
occasion to refer. It is published by Macmillan,

St. Petersburg International Exhi-
bition.— The following is the official report by Mr.
H. J. Elwes, F.L.S.. F.II.S., on the International
Exhibition and Botanical Congress at St. Petersburg,
1SS4, to the Secretary of the Science and Art Depart-
ment : —

■' I was extremely well received, in common with the
official representatives of the other great powers, by the
Russian authorities, General Greig in particular, the
President of the Imperial Horticultural Society, doing all
n his power to make our stay in St. Petersburg both
agreeable and instructive. I regret to say that Great
Britain was absolutely unrepresented at the Exhibition,
which was noticed by the Czar when he opened it, but
I can only attribute this to the difficulty and expense of
iransporting living plants so far, the restrictions imposed
by the Phylloxera Convention, and the commercial
failure which I believe attended the English exhibitors at
the last similar exhibition. Considering the great dii^-
culties under which horticulture labours in Russia the
Exhibition was remarkably good, but I observed nothing
calling for particular notice on my part, or likely to
affect English horticulture. The Botanical Congress was
well attended by some of the most distinguished scien-
tific men in Europe, and held seven meetings at which
many subjects of economical and scientific interest
were discussed. Nothing, however, took place to
make a detailed report from me necessary, as most of
the papers read were rather of local or technical than of
international interest. With regard to the cultivation of
Tea in the Trans-Caucasian provinces, a discussion took
place, which made it evident, that great efforts are being
made by the Russians, which meet with strong support
from their Government, to establish this industry on such
a scale as to enable them to compete with our important
and necessary trade in Indian Tea with Central Asia. It
appears to me that this is a subject worthy of the atten-
tion of the Indian Government ; for, though I was
prevented by a severe illness from carrying out my inten-
tion of visiting the districts in question this year, yet I
have little doubt that the climate and soil in parts ot these
provinces, is thoroughly suitable for Tea growing ; and
though my experience of this industry in the Himalaya
leads me to doubt whether a business requiring so much
attention to detail will ever be carried on very success-
fully in Russia, yet it is obvious that any competition in
this trade might seriously injure, il not destroy, the busi-
ness of Tea planting in the north-west Himalaya, which
depends so much on the native demand beyond our
frontiers. A very general feeling was expressed by many
of the best known and most distinguished foreign
botanists and horticulturists, which, 1 think, should be
brought under tlie notice of the Science and Art Depart-
ment, that an International Exhibition and Congress of a
similar nature should be held in London, and considering
that England, which is decidedly the first nation in the
world both in botany and horticulture, has hitherto been
one of the most backward in international enterprises in
these branches of science, I am not surprised at the ex-
pression of this feeling. The Phylloxera restrictions
which have been so harassing to both private and com-
merci.al horticultural interests in this country would pro-
bably be somewhat relaxed if advantage were taken of
such a meeting to prove their general inconvenience and
ineflicacy. The Royal Horticultural Society, which has been
until lately unable to take a lead in this direction on accoun t
of their difficulties with the Commissioners about their
lease of the South Kensington Gardens, would. I feel sure,
be ready to devote the entire energy of their Council sind

staff towards the promotion of an International and
Horticultural Exhibition, if anything like the same con-
sideration and assistance' were given them by the Govern-
ment as have been given to the promoters of the
Fisheries and Health E.xhibitions. H. J. Elwes."

Cattleya Brymeriana. — A plant of this

relatively rare form was sold by Messrs. Protheroe
& Morris to Mr, Lee for 2S guineas,

Drought and Labour. — The magnificent

weather which has filled our garners with golden
grain and has given us such splendid clean crops of
Potatos is none the less operating disastrously upon
labour, and has made the demand upon it remarkably
limited. Literally the drought creates no labour
beyond such as is found in gardens where watering is
an absolute essential. But in the big market gardens
and fields watering is not possible, except in those
unusually favoured spots where there is an ample
supply, and that is just now a very uncommon case.
Weeds don't grow, practically nothing grows. The
hay harvest was secured with a rainimum of labour,
and the corn harvest has been similarly favoured.
The Pea crop was of short duration, whilst,
with the exception of Potatos, all other garden
crops are of moderate bulk, and give much less
of labour in the gathering than usual. Even
the farmer finds his stubbles so] hard baked that
scarifying or ploughing is almost out of the question ;
and, indeed, if the surface could be broken up suffi-
ciently to make a seed-bed for Turnips, the soil is
so terribly dry that the seed would hardly germinate.
Altogether the outlook during the coming winter is
not a pleasant one for the outdoor labourer, for even
were there work to be done market growers have
been so hard hit over their fruit crops, and the very
poor prices obtainable for other kinds of garden and
field produce, that they are compelled to retrench
expenditure seriously.

The Weather.— General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Aug. 25, 1884, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has contidued cloudy and unsettled in
the extreme west and north, but in most other parts
of our islands (especially over England) it was fine,
clear, and warm, until the end of the period, when it
became very dull, cold, and showery over the whole
country, with thunderstorms in many places. The
temperature has been about equal to the mean in
*• Ireland, N.," but above it in all other districts, the
excess varying from l' in the north and west of Scot-
land, and in the south of Ireland, to 4" in the east
and north-east of England and the east of Scotland.
The highest of the maxima were generally recorded
on the 24th, when the thermometer rose to 90" in the
"Midland Counties" (at Bawtry), to between S5"
and 87° in most other parts of England, and to 80*
in '* Scotland, E." In Ireland the maximum heat
recorded was no higher than 74* or 75", while in
" Scotland, N.," it did not exceed 69'. The minima
(which were registered in most places on the 20ih)
varied from 39° in " England, N.W.," and " Ireland,
S." and 40" in the "Midland Counties," to 47" in
" Scotland, E.," and 50° in the "Channel Islands."
The rainfall has been less than the mean in all
districts, and especially so over England. Bright
sunshine has been more prevalent than during
last week in nearly all districts, the percentages of
possible duration varying from 22 in " Scotland, N.,"
and 31 in "Ireland, N.,"to 61 in the "Midland
Counties," 63 in the "Channel Islands," and 65 in
"England, S.W." Depressions observed. — The
distribution of barometric pressure during this period
has been rather complex. At the earlier part of the
week two areas of high pressure were shown, one over
the north of Scandinavia, and the other over the south-
western parts of our islands and France, while a
depression travelled in a north-easterly direction
outside our extreme north-western coasts. As the
week advanced, however, a high pressure area moved
eastwards over the United Kingdom to the easterly
shores of the North Sea, producing southerly winds
on our western and northern coasts, while south-
easterly or easterly breezes were felt in the south. A
new anti-cyclone then appeared in the west, while a
depression was shown off the west of Norway. The
two high-pressure areas were separated by a band of
low readings, which at 8 a.m. on the 25th layover
the North Sea, the east of England, and west of
France ; northerly winds then became general, bring-
ing the colder weather referred to above.

Gardening Appointments. — William

Christison, lately at Woodham Hall, Woking, as
Head Gardener to Richard Foster, Esq., Chisle-
hurst.— W. P, Leach, lately at Kelsey Manor,
Beckenham, as Head Gardener to Horace Barry,
Esq., Bush Hill House, Winchmore Hill, Middlesex.
— J. TuBB, as Head Gardener to C.T. Kettlewell,
£sq.| The Lodge, Teddington.

A YORKSHIRE GARDEN.

iContinutd from fi. 234)
It was impossible to spend a week in Yorkshire
without paying a visit to ^Iessrs. Backhouse's nujsery.
One is drawn towards it by an irresistible impulse. I
had often been there before, and the whole place is very
familiar to me, but I never could tire of it. The cot-
lection of plants is so large that there is always some-
thing new and interesting to see. On this occasion
there was an important difference in the season ol the
year from those in which I had gone there before, and
that alters everything with plants either for better or
worse. The best time for visiting Backhouse's nur-
sery is beyond all doubt in the spring. Somewhere
towards the end of April or beginning of May its
delights are innumerable. It is somehow associated
in my mind with the spring more than any other
place that I know. It descends to the level of more
ordinary localities at other times of the year, but in
spring-time its glory is unique. The other day, when
midsummer had been passed, one seemed to look,
and look in vain, for Primulas which had been stud-
ding the rocks with their beauty, and Gentians, which
had clothed them with the brightest of blue. Where
was Primula spectabilis with its deep green rosettes,
and which always looks so well in this garden because
of the horizontal position in which it is grown ? Where
was P. marginata with its clear edging of white on the
mealy-looking leaves, and the masses of tender violet
flowers which said it was happy? Where was P. rosea
which only a few years ago was a novelty and quite took
one by surprise, with its rosy-carmine yellow-eyed
flowers and foliage of a bright green colour which
lets them off wonderfully ? Where were P. involu-
crata, P. longiflora, P. carniolica, P. japonica, and
many another from high alpine altidudes and some
from distant parts of the world ? All these are so
wedded to the Backhouses in one's thoughts that, go to
them when you may, it seems only natural to expect
that they will respond to your wishes. But the dis-
illusion is speedy in July. I knew where they had
been — I saw in some cases the foliage which told what
they would be again ; the loss to me, however, was
great. I had a continual pining for the large sheets
of Gentiana verna which took with me so much
before, and Anemones which dazzled me with a
brightness that could not be exceeded — for Fritillarias
with their nodding bells, and Ranunculuses and
Narcissi and ten thousand other things— all these had
passed away like a dream, and even in Backhouse's
garden one looks for them but looks in vain, when
the year has ceased to be young. It would be well
if over his portal it could be written that *' Perpetual
spring abides here ; " but with an allowance for all this
there was still plenty of objects of interest to be found.
The whole place itself is so excessively pretty that it
can never disappoint — it is only too pretty, if it may
be criticised at all. There is an inclination to think
that the rockery should be put under a large glass
case, so that it may never be spoiled. Nature is
somewhat more rugged and abrupt, and not so welt
froished off, as its good imitation. But the imitation
is a good one for all that, and very skilfully managed,
A tall crag rises up some 25 or 30 feet, and at its foot
there is a kitid of basin or tiny lake, which partly
surrounds it. There are hollows and recesses covered
over with verdure, and Conifers — which are put here
and there in abundance — seem to carry one away to
alpine solitudes and scenes well remembered in other
lands. At many a turn there is some little jutting-
out point which gives just the exposure to the sun
which alpine plants love, or shelter is afforded where
Cypripediums feel themselves at home, and where
Ramondia pyrenaica or Ilaberlea rhodopensis might
fancy they are once more in their own native habitats.
The Larches, the Spruces, and the Pines add greatly
to the variety of the scene, and in some parts of this
fairy spot the grass is allowed to grow quite long,
and Ferns of many kinds, Polypodiums, Lastreas,
Strulhiopteris, and I know not what besides, are to be
seen in most pleasant concord with Orchises, Prim-
roses, and Violets, which grow here in abundance.
Cypripedium spectabile was at its best the other day,
and seemed to tike the rough moist place in which it
was situated. How I tn\y those who have seen this
plant growing wild in America, It differs immensely
in cases where it can do what it likes and have free-
dom for lateral expansion of the roots, and where it
is con6ned and perhaps dried up by the sun, and the
roots cannot extend. The wild garden at Vork suits
it exuctly, and it was very pretty indeed. A little

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

275

narrow path winds up and down through all this cap-
tivating scene, and the only regret is when the high
Alps aie left by it so soon, and the flat tableland is
reached. Shrubs in vatiely grow all over the place
in very pleasant confusion, and Berberis Darwinii (if
I remember aright) has the pre-eminence which so
justly belongs to it. It is somewhat singular that
Japanese Relinosporas defy any frost they ever meet
with in England.

When I was at Backhouse's the other day I did not
come across so many novelties as I have met with at
other times of the year, but there were one or two
shown to me of undeniable merit. Celmisia specta-
bills is a Composite that any one would be glad to
possess ; the colour is of a soft primrose-yellow, and
the whole plant is pretty and neat. One can hardly
call Meconopsis aculeata a novelty, but it is an in-
frequent thing to see it in bloom. Its habit is mote
compact than that of any of its very desirable con-
geners, and its bluish-purple look is bright in the
extreme and very attractive. It is moreover
said to be a perennial, but that remains to be
proved. I have had it from Backhouse, but it
will not live on with me. It flowered and
died. This may, of course, have been from an excep-
tional cause, and if the very bright little thing which
I saw sitting so contentedly on the rocks will consent
to become a friend, and really live in one's garden,
Meconopsis aculeata should have a very high place in
one's esteem and affection. A plant (though not in
the rockery) which I liked very much indeed, was
Campanula persicifolia grandiflora alba. This is a
long-sounding name, but the subject is well worthy of
it, if it marks it out as decidedly the best of any
Campanula persicifolia I know. In three different
gardens I have seen three diflferent things professing
to be the same ; they have diflerent kinds of excellence
about them, but all three must bend their heads before
this Campanula of Backhouse's, with which none of
them can compete. The provoking part of the
business, however, is that all good things are scarce.
Not one ol those I have named above is in the market
at present. They are to be grown on, and after a
. time they will make their appearance in some new
February list, and will then come into our hands.
After passing out of the wilderness one comes imme-
diately into the region of frames, which are set in long
rows, and protected from the cutting blasts of
spring by hedges, which have been put there
for the purpose. What treasures do not these frames
contain ? No miser can gloat over his heaps of silver
and gold with greater avidily than any enthusiast
in horticultural matters must bend over them— the
possibilities of the future of which they are full are
so grand and so various.

Here one meets with old friends uncomfortably
squeezed into a nutshell, and new ones are made which
only want to be let loose from the bondage of small
pots that they may astonish you mightily. Who
would ever have thought of the capabilities of Cytisus
Ardoinii till it can do what it likes? It hangs over
shelving rocks— as the catalogue truly says— with
" dense procumbent masses of yellow flowers." Who
would have suspected that the twiggy little bush of
Lithospermum pelrxum would break out into the
dainty appearance of its porcelain-blue clusters in the
month of July? These frames show their contents
ofl' at the very worst, and you may, as a rule, give a
hundredfold greater value to them in point of beauty
to be revealed than you would think of at first. Here
were Saxifrages and Sedams and Sempervivums both
familiar and unfamiliar. Saxifraga Burseriana and
S. Burseriana major, S. diapensioides, S. Lantos-
cina, S. coriophylla, S. longifolia, and S. opposi-
tifolia of several sorts and shades of colour claimed
attention at once though they were in a condi-
tion of undress. Sedum spathulifolium is at its
best in July with its yellow and red, and I
think it should have a great deal more notice than
it often receives. Sedum Ewersii is a neat little
thing in the early summer months ; Sempervivum
arachnoideum is sure to attract with its cobweb-like
net. Phloxes, Dianthuses, Lychnises, Campanulas,
and a host of other things were on the look-out for
new owners to carry them off, and alpine Veronicas
seemed as though they would burst their pots from a
mere desire to be free. Under the shelter of a hedge
I especially took notice of some Gentians which
seemed to be doing very well ; Gentiana Frcelichii
had been recommended to me by Messri. Backhouse
as one of their best. Its colour is a clear cobalt-blue,
and it was prospering in the peaty bed I allude to.

I have had Gentiana pumila from them, and it gets
on with me wonderfully ; I did not espy it the other
day at York, but I doubt not it is still to be found
there. It is an undeniable little beauty, with the blue
colour of the sky itself and shining like a star upon
the ground. Gentiana bavarica also meets with its
requirements though reputedly of such a diflicult
nature.

In the main garden I came across many things
which might be mentioned. A new hybrid German
Iris, called \'ictorine, was unlike any other I have
seen, and noticeable because it is singular. Del-
phiniums of brightest possible hues made everything
look gay, and set otT the borders. Rosa rugosa was in
very good form and colour, and attested the value of
importations from Japan. Potentillas were at their
best, and some Pinks, one especially, called Little
Gem, was very fragrant and pleasant. There is just
one plant which has been introduced by Messrs.
Backhouse from Chatham Island, and has been lately
sent out by them, about which a special word may be
said. I have seen it in blossom, though not in the
York Nurseries, and at a much earlier season of the
year. I refer to Myosotidium nobile. It is a giant
Forget-me-Not, and the contrast of deep blue with
clear white in the flower is very effective. But these
notes have run on far enough. The houses were hoi,
and I did not linger in them in the month of July. It
is certain that Messrs. Backhouse have a first-rate col-
lection of Orchids, and they tell me the practice is
extending of keeping cool Orchids in the open air
through a much longer time than used to be deemed
advisable.

If in the spring the open-air attractions at York are
well nigh unrivalled, it would be diflicult to say who
has many more at other seasons of the year than have
Messrs. Backhouse. A Wanderer.
{To he continued.')

SALISBURY PLAIN.

When the warm days of July ripen into August is
probably the best time to visit the Plain, whether one
wishes to hunt up the native flora or admire the
whitening fields of waving grain, or pay a visit to
the historical and far famed Druidical remains of
Stonehenge. Granted that the visitor starts from
Salisbury, keeping Stonehenge in his eye as the goal
or halting place, it may be reached by one of two
roads. The direct way leading over the Plain lies in
an almost due northerly direction, while another, and
by far the most varied with regard to scenery, passes
north-east through a long valley, in which is situated
the straggling village of Woodford, with the river
Ame on the light and mote or less wooded heights
on the left. Should the journey be accomplished on
foot the pedestrian, if he is that way inclined, will
find the flora most interesting along the middle of the
Plain.

Contrary to what one would expect, the country is
not level but considerably undulated, so that the eye
has no great range, except from the top of one ridge
to another. At a distance of 3 or 5 miles from the town
the vegetation begins to show itself. Although of a
mixed and varied nature a considerable proportion is
exactly characteristic of the field and old pasture or
open plain. The banks by the wayside, however,
are sufficiently rich in the choicer natives to avert the
attention and divert the time. Campanula glomerata,
as it occurs in a wild state, is scarcely recognisable
alongside of the grosser growing garden plant, but the
wilding is unquestionably the prettier of the two, even
if less conspicuous. On the chalk Linaria vulgaris is
also dwarfed in its vegetative growth, while the fine
yellow flowers attain such a development as even to
rival the Antirrhinum. Verbena officinalis, Anthyllis
Vulneraria, and Carum segetum are to be picked up
in a few places, and the same may be said of Cala-
mlnlha Clioopodium, the wild Basil, and C. acinos,
Basil Thyme. Forms of Thymus Serpyllum occur on
dry banks with leaves nearly or quite as hairy as thai
grown in g.ardens under the name of T. lanuginosus.
The Great Knapweed, Centaurea scabiosa, enlivens
the margins of cultivated fields with its purple heads,
while Lithospermum arvense and Anthemis arvensis
are annual, but less common and unattractive plants
affecting similar positions. In some places Daucus
Carota is so plentiful as to appear the prevailing weed,
whitening the fields with its characteristic umbels of
flowers.

On approaching the wild and uncultivated part of
the Plain, where the pasture land is tenanted only by
grazing sheep and the lonely shepherd, the vegetation
becomes rich and varied, While the soft green turf

is inviting to the weary and footsore pedestrian, the
eye is relreshed and delighted with a most charming
profusion of floral beauty in all shades of blue, purple,
yellow, pink, and while. Although Carduus acaulis
is looked upon as a troublesome weed in pastures
where it is in any way abundant, its attractiveness
must be admitted where the ground is studded with
the deep purple heads about \\ inch in diameter.
Usually the flower is solitary, and nearly st.ilkless,
but occasionally the peduncle is elongated, bearing
several heads. The pretty little Aspetula cynanchica
is abundant, and literally covers the ground in many
pkaces with its pink and white flowers. With these a
beautiful mixture is produced with the Harebell,
Rock Rose, S.iinfoin, Dropwort, Restharrow, Betony,
Scabiosa columbaria, and numerous others of like
nature. In moisler places Bartsia odontites luxuriates,
and where abundant imparts to the turf as .seen from
a little distance its own peculiar red or purplish hue.
A rare and peculiar Composite is (jnaphalium luteo-
album. A group of half-a-dozen plants may occur in
a certain locality and not be seen elsewhere in the
neighbourhood. The typical form of Centaurea nigra,
with rayed flower-heads, is a charming plant, and if
it could be induced to retain its dwarf habit under
cultivation, would prove an attractive rockery plant.
The usual form has tall, much branching stems, small
heads, and is altogether an unattractive plant.

It is rather interesting to note how blue and purple
varies to white, as seen in the Scabious above men-
tioned, Centaurea scabiosa. Campanula rotundifolia.
Ononis spinosa, and Malva moschata. Where albinos
of the Ononis occur they are rather conspicuous
amongst a mass of the common colour, by reason of
white flowers and altogether paler herbage of the
plant. The Malva varies from rosy-pink to pure
while, and is in every respect a good herbaceous plant,
deserving of more extended cultivation. In a wild
state it ranges from 12 to 15 inches in height, accord-
ing to the nature and condition of the soil, but gene-
rally it affects dry banks or gravelly places--a fact
which should be borne in mind where its cultivation
is attempted in gardens. If planted in too rich soil
the herbage is apt to become grossly luxuriant, at the
expense of the flowers. In the present instance the
plant is scattered about on the margin of a plantation
of Pinus sylvestris, by which it is slightly shaded.
The flowers are of good size, and on the greater num-
ber of plants of the purest white. A luxuriant crop of
Carduus nutans, one of the boldest and showiest of
our native Thistles, covers some of the artificial
mounds, called barrows, supposed to be ancient bury-
ing places, that partly surround Stonehenge within
the radius of a mile of the Druidical circle.

By the way, there are few that could fail to be
interested in examining the ruins themselves. The
huge stones, about twenty of which are standing aiid
others prostrate, measuring 20 feet or upwards in
length, give evidence of a wonderful feat of human
skill and energy, not only for the primitive times of
the Druids, when steam was undreamt of, and
machinery all but unknown, but seem even more
wonderful through the mist of intervening years.
When intact and in its original state the circle is sup-
posed to have been complete, consisting of a series of
upright stones, connected at the top with horizontal
pieces. Inside this another circle, or, rather, series
(some of which are still standing), were arranged to
form the outline of a horseshoe. Circles of much
smaller stones intervened between these, and the
ancient Britons must have been deeply impressed
when they assembled to do sacrifice and worship the
sun. Whether intentional or accidental, the spire of
Salisbury Cathedral is visible from the ruins on a
clear day. The spire in question is 400 feet high,
and if less remarkable than Stonehenge in these days
of invention, is nevertheless a good representative of
the age and times. J. F,

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Alocasia Sa.nderiana, Reiue de rHortiaillure
Beige y August I,

Allium Semenovii, Gartenflora, June, 1884,
t. 1 1 56. — A flat-leaved species, with heads of yellow
flowers. Native of the Alatau mountains.

Aphelandra atrovirens. — An Acinthaceous
shrub, native of Bahia, remarkable for its black-green
leaves. Flowers yellow, in dense terminal spikes.
Illustration Horticole, t. 527.

Cakpenteria californica, Revue Horticole, fig.
84, p. 365, August 16.

Hypocyrta erevicaly.x. Revue de r Horticulture
Beige, August I.

MUSCARI NEGLECTUM, HeLDREICHII, CONTAiMl-
NATA, BOTRYOIDES VAR. ALBUM, Garden, August l6.

Sedum sempervivum, L., Gartenflora, y 1155,
June, 1884.— A very handsome hardy species, with
dense heads of crimson flowers.

Yucca Whipplei violacea, Revue Horticole,
July 16. — See Gardeners' Chronicle, 1876, ii., p. 197.

276

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884,

J40)VIE jjORRE3POJMDEJ^CE.

Tomato Chiswick Red. — This fine and prolific
variety of Tomato is now in the hands of Messrs.
Sutton & Sons for distribution. It will be remem-
bered that it was awarded a First-class Certificate
of Merit by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society last year when seen at Chiswick. It
is a very prominent and striking object In a very
interesting and successful trial of Tomatos now being
carried out by Messrs. Sutton & Sons in their Port-
land Nursery at Reading. Some eighty samples are
being grown, among them a number of plants of the
Chiswick Red, and it is remarkable what extraor-
dinary clusters of fruit a plant will produce. I
counted as many as thirty-two fruits in one cluster,
and though this is an extreme number, a large quantity
of clusters have from twenty to thirty fruits upon
them, and plants have from three to five and six
clusters. The fruit is of a large egg-shape, and of a
bright red when coloured. For producing a crop
there appears to be nothing equal to it, and the plants
have had no special cultivation beyond that given to
the others forming the trial. It is reported to be one
of the best flavoured Tomatos grown, and it is placed
among the second early varieties. R. D.

Late Potatos. — For ten or more years past I
have grown here large numbers of sorts of Potatos,
in the hope ol selecting from among them the best
users, best croppers, and, above all, those that are
strong and wiry enough to resist the disease. I am
fully aware it is hard to say which is the best variety,
but I can state truthfully none are better than
Sutton's Reading Hero. Magnum Bonum, Cham-
pion and Wormleighton Seedlings are all good
Potatos, but do not come to table with that floury
look, or with the flavour of Reading Hero. H.
Gilbert.

Portulacas at Reading. — There is something
ravishing in the gorgeous lines of Portulacas which
in the Portland Nurseries of Messrs. Sutton & Sons
shine forth gloriously in the full flood of the summer
sunlight. Here there is a light sandy soil that suits
them well, and in spring the seeds were thinly sown
on a narrow line of border just within the ornamental
tiles that form the boundary of the paths. These
Portulacas extend for a considerable distance, and
being sown in sections of diff'erent varieties, which
not only enables one to realise how beautiful they are,
but also to give some knowledge of the characters of
the different types. There is no difficulty about rais-
ing from seeds. Time was when it was thought
necessary to sow in heat in early spring and trans-
plant. We have since learned that seeds will
lie in the open ground all the winter, and
germinating in early spring, unharmed by the rigours
of winter, develope into plants of large size and great
beauty. Now seeds can be sown in early spring
where they are to flower, and in common with Me-
sembryanthemum, do best on hot, sandy spots. There
is a tropical brilliancy about the flowers ; they are
suggestive of the rich hues of South American vege-
tation, blooming amid the arid waste like jewels
flung upon the wayside. What richness of colour is
found in P. Thellusoni, with its brilliant crimson-
magenta blossoms : or those of the newer vermilion
P. Blensoni. Then there are white, striped, orange,
scarlet, rose, and other shades— a great diversity of
colour and combinations of colours is found in seed-
lings. The Portulacas can be used with [great advan-
tage on the sunny and exposed parts of rockwork, for
they require but little water : and while in time of
drought other members of the vegetable kingdom
hang their heads for lack of kindly moisture, these
show no signs of exhaustion, and expand their charm-
ing flowers however hot and dry may be the atmo-
sphere. There are odd corners in most gardens that
can be appropriately clothed with Portulacas, both
double and single : each section deserves a place in
the garden. X. Y, Z.

Capparis spinosa.— I have read with great
interest the note of " P. L. S." on the Caper bush in
your last impression. He leaves off' just where I
should begin— I mean that X should go off' into
ecstasies about the unusual beauty of the flower before
saying anything else. My excuse, however, for doing

that would be that I have the blossom before my eyes,
and I can scarcely say too much in its praise. The
petals of Capparis spinosa are of the purest white, and
the numerous long filaments, which are white below
and of a rich purple above, give it a very engaging
appearance. I have had the plant on my rockery
some four or five years ; it was given to me by M.
Naudin, of the Botanic Garden at Antibes. It never
did anything till now, and I suppose the recent great
heat has been helpful to it. At any rate, my garden
has a completely new face given to it this year, and
we could almost cease to envy the South of France
itself if this were to be the common order of things.
Tecoma jasminoides is nearly 18 feet high, and is in
blossom on the south side of the house. Cleroden-
dron foetidum, Arctotis aureola and A. speciosa,
Trachelospermum jasminoides, Mandevilla suaveolens,
Ipomcea candicans, Romneya Coulteri, Philesia buxi-
folia, Disa grandiflora, &c., all seem very happy now.
H. E~wbank. [We do not at the moment recollect to
have seen the Caper in bloom in this country before.
We know that the Oxford Botanic Garden received
it many years ago from that of Cambridge, but, sub-
ject to correction, we believe both establishments
found it no easy plant to propagate, still more to
flower. Ed.1

Calceolaria Sinclairii.— Enclosed are flowers of
Calceolaria Sinclairii. Is it too fanciful a conclusion
to draw from the near approach to regularity in this
New Zealand Calceolaria, as compared with South
American kinds, that the separation between ancestral
forms of New Zealand and South American Calceo-
larias must have taken place at a very early period ?
those of South America having become more highly
specialised to suit insect fertilisation than this out-
lying New Zealand specimen of the Calceolaria family
has done. If there are other New Zealand Calceo-
larias, are they more or less irregular than C.
Sinclairii ? C. M. Owen.

Lilium neilgherrense.— This Lily was imported
last spring in considerable numbers from India, and
it would be interesting to collect information about its
habit in cultivation. A friend sent me six fine healthy
bulbs in March, half of which were potted, and half
planted in the bed of a Lily-house, in good open
sandy loam and peat, free from lumps. I say this
because I am sure that no obstruction in the soil was
the cause of what I am about to tell. Two of the
bulbs came up late, and have now healthy heads
8 inches high, but no bud visible. On uncovering
the soil to investigate the four others, I find the bulbs
healthy ; all have made a shoot which has turned
downwards over the surface of the bulb, then either
horizontally or obliquely downwards. I cannot
account for this. An amateur gardening friend,
writing from Windermere says that out of twenty-five
bulbs he had from India twenty-three have healthy
tops, and sixteen are showing flower-buds. C. Wolley
Dod, Ed^e Hall^ August 27.

Potato Disease. — Amongst the many reports
from different districts as to the non-prevalence of
the Potato disease this year, I think you have had
none from the generally humid mountain farms and
gardens of North Wales. Having spent several days
in these positions, chiefly in Merionethshire, I am
able to report that there never was a better year
for Potatos of all sorts. The disease has not been
entirely absent, it has only just shown itself on the
tips of the leaves, and in a few instances as a spot or
two on a small number of tubers. On asking the
growers the question whether there has been any
Potato disease about — " Oes clwy, Peronospora infes-
tans, ar y tatws (Potatos) fFordd yma ? " the answer
has invariably been, " O nag oes, Mr. Worthington
Smith, does dim 0 gwbl ; nid oes un acrospore,
oospore neu hyph;e " — " Oh no, sir, none at all ; there
have been neither spores, resting-spores, nor myce-
lium." W. G. S.

Pergularia odoratissima. — This fragrant hot-
bouse climber is not nearly so much grown as it
deserves to be; although the flowers are not so attrac-
tive as the more gorgeous Taxonias, &c., yet a small
plant in bloom will give a good-sized house a nice
perfume throughout. In habit of growth it is very
similar to the Stephanotis, and, like that queen of
hothouse flowers, requires to be liberally treated.
Planted out in a shallow border of good loam and
peat, wilh a little sand or charcoal to keep it open,
and plenty of liquid manure (when well rooted) are its
essential requirements, but if not well treated it soon
becomes a prey to insect pests. W.J .Ireland, Headfort .

Magnum Bonum Potato. — It has, perhaps,
never been the lot of any other kind of Potato to be
so widely grown as is Magnum Bonum, and though
some object to its quality, yet without doubt this
season it will be as good as it can be. Those growers

who were tempted to plant in February, as some of
my neighbours did, have been enabled to lift and
iiiarket excellent crops of this late kind already, get-
ting very good returns, lor Potatos at present, in spite
of the absence of disease, do not promise to be very
cheap. Late planted breadths are, however, not in
such good case, as already are they supertuberaling
and growing out fast, and the late crops will be, there
is reason to fear, considerably deteriorated. Some
other late growing sorts show the same bad feature,
indeed the drier the soil and smaller the tubers the
more danger is there that growing out will result. To
lift the crop now would be in most cases to destroy it.
Perhaps of the two evils the least will result in letting
it alone for two months longer. A. D.

A Profitable Orchard-house. — There is a lean-
to Orchard-house in the gardens of Mrs. Henderson,
Sudbury Hill, Harrow, that deserves a passing note.
It is 100 feet long by 12 feet 6 inches wide. On the
back wall, which is 10 feet high, there are six Peaches
and two Nectarines ; the latter, Violette Hative and
Elruge, both with a large crop. The Peaches are
Barrington, Stirling Castle, Noblesse, Lady Palmer-
ston, and Late Admirable. The Barrington and
Stirling Castle are of large size and splendidly
coloured. At intervals of 2 yards there are Peaches
of the same kind as those named above trained trans-
versely on wire trellises. The trees were planted
twelve months last February, but all of them have
borne a handsome crop, and are making vigorous
and healthy growth. Trained the whole length of
the roof is a Black Hamburgh Vine, carrying, when
I saw it this morning, ninety-seven good bunches.
Between the bays near the front was an enormous
crop of Tomatos. The sorts were Vicks' Criterion
and Hathaway. At one end there is a grand old
Mar&hal Niel, now past its best, but which has been
for some years past producing its 100 dozen blooms.
Another, intended as a successor to the old one, is
making a start by way of two shoots 22 feet long.
This plant is on its own roots, the old one on the
Brier. Ventilation is done by crank and lever on
back lights, and wooden shutters in front. The only
heating appliances are a flow and return 4-inch pipe ;
a single chaldron of coke has sufficed during the last
twelve months. The house affords an agreeable pro-
menade in cold or wet weather, and must be a charm-
ing sight in the spring. It is not only beautiful at
present, but is producing a large and handsome crop
of fruit. Mr. Macleod, the experienced head gar-
dener, has reason to be proud of the results of the
skill and attention bestowed on this fine Orchard-
house. T. W., Harrow.

Grapes at Heckfield,— It is seldom that Mr.
Wildsmith has not something interesting or good in
the way of Grapes to show his friends at Heckfield,
and this season he has, in very fine form, that some-
what rare Grape Gros Maroc. Having regard to the
fine character of the samples seen here it is remark-
able that those who are so partial to the large berries
of Gros Colmar have not ere now more largely grown
the other big berried kind. As seen at Heckfield, in
a low house in which not only Gros Colmar, but also
Alicante, Alnwick Seedling, and other good Grapes
are growing, it has the start of all in the matter of
colour, for the berries are almost blue-black, whilst
those ol Gros Colmar are yet half green. The berries,
too, are quite as large, and the bunches, though not
in this case quite so big, are more handsome. The
present is, however, but the second year of fruiting.
The foliage is literally as green as grass, whilst that
of most other kinds shows signs of colouring, indeed
the leaves of Gros Colmar have already assumed their
normal reddish tints. Altogether Gros Maroc, at
least as grown at Heckfield, looks like a grand
Grape, and should suit market growers especially,
for it would certainly sell well. That high-flavoured
white Grape, Mrs. Pearson, is doing well at Heck-
field, as is also Pearson's Golden Queen, and Muscat
of Alexandria is very fine, indeed, for the dimensions
of the house we have seldom seen a better crop.
With none of those wonderful vineries and scientific
borders of which we hear so much now and again,
Mr. Wildsmith always has something pretty good in
Grapes, and generally abundant crops. A. D.

Wild Gardening at the Wilderness, Read-
ing.— Whilst there is always much of interest to see
at this place in the way of well kept grounds, good
specimen plants, handsome Conifers, rare trees and
shrubs, and, not least, a singularly representative
hardy fernery, many visitors will not fail to find in a
secluded bit of semi-wild gardening much to attract
their attention. Here, surrounded by dense shrubs,
and in soil that seems to be half vegetable, and pro-
ductive of luxuriant growth, Mr. Lees has planted
many kinds of hardy flowers that in their respective
seasons bloom abundantly, and yet are in no sense
specially cared for. Very beautiful indeed, blooming
luxuriantly at a height of about 4 feet, was the
Monarda didyma, its reddish-crimson flowers borne
in tufts glowing like fire in the sunlight ; M. alba

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

277

was also in abundant bloom, though less conspicuous.
A huge Chrysanthemum leucanthemum maximum was
in fine flower, and though somewhat sprawling by
reason of its very robust growth, yet it made ample
amends with the exceeding abundance of tine single
white blooms produced. The companion yellow-
flowered plants, Rudbeckias, and Harpalium rigidum,
were also in good bloom, both furnishing favoured
flowers for house decoration. That singularly pleasing
blue Eryngium amethystiniim, thrives well, and its
curiously cut foliage tells well in vases, and is very
enduring. The Arundo donax was doing well, and
lent a sub-tropical aspect to this wild garden. In
order, however, that the weakest shall not be allowed
to go to the wall, as in a state of Nature, this garden
gets overhauled sometimes, and the growths of the
strongest reduced ; that much, at least, is needful, if
little plants are to have a chance by the side of big
ones. Z, 6". D.

Fuchsias at Trowbridge Show. — Persons who
have attended this show for years past, say that the
Fuchsias were never before finer than the specimens
seen on this occasion. Mr. J. Lye, of Clyffe Hall,
Market Lavington, was again 1st in the classes for six
and four varieties, staging plants averaging 9 feet in
height, and from 4 to 5 feet through at the base.
The varieties shown were mainly those of Mr. Lye's
own raising, and they were characterised by that bold
growth and amazing fioriferousness seen in the Clyffe
Hall strain. It might be objected that the method
of training adopted by Mr. Lye is too formal, the
flowering branches being tied down to the framework
of the plants a little too tightly, but this is to a great
extent a matter of necessity. The plants have to be
conveyed by road for a considerable distance, and it
is necessary to tie the branches in to keep them from
whipping each other. But there is no framework of
stakes, one stout central stake is all that is required.
But formal as the plants are deemed to be by some,
they are not without a good deal of elegance ; the foli-
age is perfect, forming a kind of inner garment overlaid
with the rich jewellery of hundreds of finely-developed
blossoms. When the plants are staged it can scarcely
be conceived they have travelled so far, as but few
flowers are injured on the journey. "What a great
extent of glass accommodation must be required to
grow these plants ! " said a visitor to the show in my
hearing ; but the very reverse is the fact. It is true
the plants, which are pruned into shape about Novem-
ber, are kept in a greenhouse all the winter, and
break into growth then, as well as make some head-
way ; but the fact is, all the finishing off is done in
the open air, Early in the summer the plants are
stood out-of-doors, each pot being placed on a piece
of board, and a rough canvas awning is spread over
the plants. Here they are carefully tended, well
looked after in the matter of watering, and fed occa-
sionally with liquid manure, and it is these attentions
that lead up to the development of such splendid
specimens. Fuchsias are also very finely shown
in this district by nurserymen also ; and the
plants staged by cottagers, and in not a few instances
grown under difficulties, are far in advance of what
may be seen at many provincial shows. The Fuchsia
is pre-eminently the exhibition plant of the Trow-
bridge district, as is abundantly shown also at Devizes,
Bath, Calne, Keevil district, and elsewhere. R-. D.

Rubus chamsemorus. — In a note at p. 178 it is
stated that '* It is a plant rarely met with in Scot-
land," and at p. 214, "Although in these islands it
occurs only on a few of the higher mountains of Scot-
land, lie." I am happy to inform your readers that
it grows abundantly along the watershed between the
counties of Roxburgh and Northumberland, Dumfries,
and Selkirk, at elevations varying from over 2500 feet
on Cheviot to 1250 at Moodlaw Loch. Possibly it
may occur lower, but that is the lowest station where
I have observed it. It grows in large beds, often
many acres in extent, and though in some beds the
barren and fertile plants are intermixed, they occur
more frequently separate. The local name by which
it is known amongst the shepherds is " noops." A.
Brothersion (see p. 26S).

Smut in Primula farinosa. — The fungus destroy-
ing the seeds of Primula farinosa in Mr. Wolley Dod's
garden (vide Gardeners^ Chronicle^ p. 148) is doubt-
less Urocystis primulicola, Mag., which was first
observed in the island of Gothland, Sweden, near
Wisby, on Primula farinosa, and is described by Dr.
Magnus in Hedwigia for 1879. I think this is
the first record of the appearance of it in Britain.
William Phillipsy Shrcivsbury,

Parsley. — So difficult is it now found to obtain
good usable Parsley in some gardens, because it early
becomes affected by some kind of fungus or disease,
that it would be very useful to learn whether any one
has succeeded in devising some successful antidote.
The fungus, if such it be, seems to operate most
disastrously in dry seasons, such as the present, and
perhaps, like the Hollyhock fungus, is the more pro-

lific in drought. Still, in cerlain localities about Lon-
don it is so difficult to obtain Parsley at any time that
the providing a supply has become a problem not easy
to solve. Even in the earliest stages of the attack the
foliage assumes a sort of reddish-brown hue, and then
soon dies. I found old plants this year so much
atYected that in seeding they have stems only, not a
leaf being on them. On the other hand, young plants
have, considering the great drought, done very well,
and are fairly green and vigorous. Still, these are
exceptional cases. I have advised the sowing of the
seed in shallow boxes under glass, and thus securing
fairly strong plants to dibble out, but that should be
done early in March to obtain a stock of summer
plants, and again in August to secure plants to go out
in October. But gardeners want to know if the remedy
for the disease, let it be what it may, can be found to
be employed largely. Parsley is a valuable market
product, and can ill be spared, whilst private gar-
deners find themselves too often in a position of diffi-
culty with regard to even an ordinary supply for
domestic use. A. D, [We do not find any trace of
disease, but only of intensity of colour probably due to
the hot dry season. The reddish colour is by no
means unattractive as a garnish. Ed.]

Royal Horticultural : Aii^usl 26.

Floral Committee : Section A. — Present : Mr.
J. O'Brien, in the chair ; and Messrs. Hudson,
Herbst, Dominy, and Laing. Section B. — Present :
Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs.
G. F. Wilson, J. James, S, Ford, Duffield, How-
croft. H. Turner, H. Bennet, and H. Cannell.

Of flowers shown on this occasion were a quantity
of German Asters of various sections of this pleasing
genus, ranging from dwarf Chrysanthemum-flowered
varieties, not exceeding 9 inches in height upwards,
to others of more than 2 feet ; these plants were
shown by Messrs. Carter & Co., High Holborn,
London. Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somer-
set, exhibited a brilliant collection of Gladioli, num-
bering 168 trusses ; many of these were very fine
blooms, grown as only now seems possible on the soil
of Langport ; other growers allege that they have
Gladioli as good, but they have not been seen at exhi-
bitions in recent years, which is a matter for regret,
seeing how popular the flower has always been.
Mr, Ware, Hale Farm, Tottenham, contributed two
boxes of pretty single Dahlias, amongst which were
observed Indian Chief, a lemon-coloured flower ;
Pet, violet and white ; Gambetta, Beauty of Cam-
bridge, Lucy Ireland, Negress, Victory, and several
others, pretty of colour and pleasing in form. Some
stands of show varieties came also from the same
source. Mr. Turner showed a variety of Lilium
auratum vittatum rubrum with a large amount ofcinna-
barred spots on the petals ; also stands of show and
fancy Dahlias of much merit, and a new Dahlia,
Arab, a medium-sized bloom of a deep claret colour ;
Orlando, a flower of nearly the same tint, and a fancy
sort named Lucia, cream suffused and tipped purplish-
lilac. Dipladenia Elliotti, from Messrs. Lucombe,
Pince & Co., was a very showy variety, rosy-scarlet,
in the way of amabilis, but larger than that sort is
generally seen, and with foliage remarkably vigorous
and handsome. Messrs. Cannell & Son showed a
new single Begonia, Queen of Bedders, a profuse
flowering pink kind, as well as a small collection of
miniature- flowered double and single varieties of
Dahlias, very useful for vases and house decorations,
whatever may be their value in the garden. From
Messrs. Cannell came a double form of Abutilon
Thompsoni, that would make a good pillar or rafter
plant, where the bloom would be better observed.

The awards made were : —

First-class Certificates.

To Messrs. Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nursery,
Forest Hill, for Begonia Souvenir de W. Sandy.

To Messrs. Rawlings Bros., Romford, for Dahlia Mrs.
Douglas.

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gladiolus St. Gatien,

To Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm, Tottenham, for
Bessera elegans.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Begonia Queen of
Bedders.

To Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., Exeter, for Dipla-
denia Elliotti.

Votes of Thanks.

To G. F. Wilson, Esq., for Lilium tigrinum flore-
pleno.

To Mr. W. Bealby, for double Begonias.

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for cut blooms of Gladioli.

Silver-gilt Medal.
To Messrs. Carter & Co. , for Asters.

Bronze Banksian Medal.
To Mr. T. Ware, for Dahlias.
To Mr, C. Turner, Slough, for a Dahlia group.

Fruit Committee.— Present : J. E. Lane, Esq.,
Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. Goldsmith, Ross,
Bunyard, Sidney Ford, P. Crowley, Howcroft, W.
Sutton, Mundell, Lyons, Blackmore, This was
essentially a fruit show, although supplemented by
some of the usually seasonable floral productions — as
Gladioli, single and double Dahlias, Asters, and a
few others. Amongst the fruit shown were some
large Pines, Smooth Cayenne variety ; and very fine
Peaches, viz., the Barringtons shown by C. Hay-
cock, the Bellegardes of Mr. W. Coleman, and
Princess of Wales of Mr. J. Roberts. These fruits
generally, and Nectarines, and some Plums that are
rarely seen highly coloured, such as Washington,
really glowed again with the colours our hot suns had
painted them this year. The Plum was exhibited in
many kinds, but unfortunately not all of them in such
a ripened state that the true colour could be seen. For
thebestcollectionoffruit, to consistof ten kinds, 1st, Mr.
J. Coomber, gr. to J. A. Rolls, Esq. , M .P., The Hendre,
Monmouth. This superb lot comprised a Smooth
Cayenne Pine of 84 lb., just ready for use, Muscat of
Alexandria, Alnwick Seedling Grapes (the latter kind
being exceptionally fine in bunch and berry, and of the
true blue-black tinge), Peach Stump the World, Apricot
Hemskirke, Fig Negro Largo, Nectarine Pitmaston
Orange, very fine; Williams' Bon Chretien Pear, and
Hendre Seedling Melon. If we may criticise so good
a lot we would say that the Figs were the weakest
point, being rather small for the kind. 2d, Mr. W,
Coleman, gr. to Lady Henry Somerset, Eastnor
Castle, Ledbury, who had Smooth Cayenne Pine,
with a good but not over-large crown, and with a
probable weight of 7 lb.; Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, medium in bunch, but with very fine berries ;
Gros Maroc, nice bunches, of perfect finish, one being
considerably the largest ; Melon High Cross Hybrid,
Fig Brown Turkey, Apricot Moor Park, Peach
Royal Kensington, large, and well coloured ;
Plum, Kirke's ; Cherries, Morello, of superior merit,
these last named ; 3d, Mr. J. Roberts, gr. to Messrs.
Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park, Acton, who had
Grapes Gros Maroc and Foster's Seedling, small, but
high-coloured ; Peach Belle Beauce, Pine Smooth
Cayenne, Melon William Tillery, Fig Brunswick,
Nectarine Victoria, &c. For the best pair of Pine-
apples.— 1st, Mr. J. Hudson, gr. to A. J. Atkinson,
Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton, Smooth Cayennes,
weighing 7^ lb. and 6A lb, respectively, broad, well-
swelled, pipped fruit, in good condition ; 2d, Mr.
Coomber, with the same variety ; 3d, Mr. Mundell,
Moor Park, Rickmansworth. In the competition for
the best dish of Morello Cherries. — 1st, Mr, W.
Coleman ; 2d, Mr. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of
Harrington, Elvaston Castle; 3d, Mr. Ford, gr. to
Egerton Hubbard, Esq., Leonard's Lee, Horsham.
This kind of Cherry was generally well shown, and
comprised a great many dishes. Figs were a poor
exhibit, Mr. C. Ross, gr. to Charles Eyre, Esq.,
Welford Park, Newbury, taking the only award —
a 1st prize for a dish of white Marseilles,
and one of Brunswick. For the best collection
of Plums. — 1st, Mr. C. Haycock, gr. to Roger
Leigh, Esq., Barham Court, Maidstone. This lot
consisted of the following : — Gages, Bryanstone,
Transparent, Braby's, Old, Jodoigne, Boddaert's,
Brandy ; Coe's Golden Drop, Pond's Seedling,
Belgian Purple, Kirke's Prince Englebert, Black
Diamond, Autumn Compote, Reine Claude de
Bavay, Jefferson's Prince of Wales, Victoria,
White Magnum Bonum. 2d, Mr. J. H. Good-
acre, who had good fruits of Dennistone's superb
Washington, Angelina Burdett, and twenty-one other
kinds ; 3d, Mr. A. G. Bridgeman, gr. to T. Somers
Cocks, Esq., Thames Bank, Marlow, who had four-
teen varieties, small, but with the bloom on the fruit
well retained. For the best six kinds of dessert
Plums. — 1st, Mr, Chadwick, Hanger Hill House,
Ealing, who had good Jefferson, "j cen, and Bryan-
stone Gages ; 2d, Mr. Bridgeman, whose Jeffersons
were particularly fine. For six kinds of culinary
Plums. — 1st, Mr. B. S. Austen, Somerset Lodge,
Petworth ; 2d, Mr. Bridgeman ; 3d, Mr. J. H.
Richards, gr. to the Earl of Normanton, Somerley
House, Ringwood. For three kinds of Plums. —
1st, Mr. Bridgeman ; 2d, Mr. Coleman ; 3d, Mr.
E. Chadwick, For Plums having the highest
flavour. — 1st, Mr. Chadwick, with the old favourite
Green Gage ; 2d, Mr. Chadwick, same kind ;
3d, Mr. Halliday, gr. to J. Morris, Esq., Castle
Bletchingly, with Early Green Gage. For the best
lots of Peaches in three kinds, six fruits of each, there
were many entries. — ist, Mr. Haycock, with Wal-
burton Admirable, Barrington, and Early Louise ;
2d, Mr. J. Roberts, whose Princess of Wales was
greatly admired for its size and colour ; 3d, Mr.
Harris, gr. to Mrs. Vivian, Singleton, Swansea, with
splendidly coloured examples. For one dish of
Peaches, Mr. Haycock was again the winner of the
1st prize, Mr. Coleman the 2d, Mr. Harris the 3d.
For the best three dishes of Nectarines, distinct. — 1st,
Mr. J. Roberts, with Victoria, Pine-apple, and Lord
Napier ; 2d, Mr. Coleman ; 3d, Mr. Aslett, gr. to
C. Butler, Esq., Warren Wood, Hatfield. For best
dish of Nectarines.— 1st, Mr. Aslett, with

278

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[August 30, 18S4. •'j

Pine-apple; 2d, Mr. Hallid.iy ; 3d, Mr. Cole-
man. For early Apples in three kinds, — Isf,
Mr. Haycock, with Duchess of Oldenburg,
Emperor Alexander, and Devonshire Quarrenden ;
2d, Mr. C. Ross, wilh Red Astrachan, Mr. Glad-
stone, and Early Harvest ; 3d, Mr. S. Ford, with
Worcester Pearmain, Red Hawthornden, and Red
Astrachan. For the best dish of ripe Pears. — 1st, Mr.
Goldsmith, The Gardens, HoUanden, Tonbridge—
sort, Bon Chretien ; 2d, Mr. J. Roberts ; 3d, Mr.
Goodacre. In the miscellaneous fruits shown was a
dish of the large alpine Strawberry, Quatre Saisons,
for which Mr. J. Roberts was awarded a 1st prize.
Mr. Ford showed Melons, and Mr. W. Coleman was
awarded a 2d prize for a handsome dish of Citrus
Nonpareil, apparently ripe, and garnished with their
own leaves. Extra prizes were given to Mr. E: Chad-
wick for a quantity of fruits, inclusive of Carter's Pro-
lific Raspberries, French Crab (season 1SS3). Messrs.
Lane & Son showed a collection of early kinds of
Apples, chiefly consisting of kinds used in dessert.

Vegetables.— Potatos proved somewhat disap-
pointing, having regard to the great promise of the
season, as but few of the better known growers com-
peted, possibly because wishing to hold back for later
shows. There were butnine collections of twelve dishes
in competition, the best— and a very good lot too-
coming from Mr. C. Ilerrin, gr. to J. Hibbert, Esq.,
Chalfont Park, Slough, who had nine white kinds, ex-
cellent samples of Veitch's Ashleaf, Magnum Bonum,
Cosmopolitan, Sunrise, Prime Minister,' and Snowdrop;
and of coloured kinds. Cardinal, The Dean, Radstock
Beauty, Vicar of Laleham, Reading Russet, and
Beauty of Hebron. Mr. C. Moss came 2d, with a
fair lot, some of the kinds being excellent ; Aspir-
ant, flat white, was specially so, and Magnet was
smooth and pretty, though evidently a Lapstone ;
M.P. was a large round kind, like to Climax ; Fill-
basket and First and Best were other white kinds ;
and of coloured sorts the mottled red Kidneys, Life-
guard and Princess of Wales, Prizetaker and Reading
Russet, were very good. Mr. S. Ford came 3d, with
a fair clean lot, but a trifle large. Beauty of Kent,
Early Giant, Purple King, a large flat deep-coloured
kind ; Fillbasket and Prizetaker were noteworthy.
One exhibitor had put in two Ashleafs in his other-
wise fairly good collection, whilst one evidently new
to the work had not washed his tubers.

A novel and interesting class was found in one for
half a peck of pickling Onions, the exhibitors
variously interpreting this to mean a plateful or a big
basketful. There were eight lots staged, the best, a
very pretty even sample of Silverskin, coming from
Mr. C. F. Pragnell, Ivensington District Schools,
Banstead ; Mr. C. Moss coming next with same kind
but samples decidedly too large, and Mr. Osman, the
South Metropolitan Schools, Sutton, was^ 3d with a
pretty well selected sample of Reading Onion. It is
worth of note that whilst the Silverskin may be the
most favoured ''pickler " in the still room, the large
trade picklers will have only a good clean sample of
Reading or White Spanish, of which hundreds of
tons are grown in this country annually for but two or
three firms.

Vegetable Marrows and Squashes, six fruits, in not
less than two kinds, brought poor representatives, only
three lots being staged. Mr. J. Waite, Esher, was
placed 1st, wilh pretty, smallish samples of Long
White, Prince Albert, and Moore's Cream Marrows ;
Mr. Osman coming 2d, wilh Green Striped, Long
White, and the white and green Custard Marrows.
Mr. Mundell, Moor Park, came 3d, wilh Large
White and Ohio Squash, both kinds rather big. The
competition was hardly what might have been ex-
pected, but it would seem that few gardeners grow
any of the numerous forms of Gourd or Squash found
in seed lists.

Tomatos formed a very prominent feature in the
show. There were twelve dishes in competition for
the capital prizes ofl'ered, and the samples generally
were first-rate. Mr. N. Phillips, gr. to D. Babcr, Esq.,
Meopham, Kent, had a splendid dish of his Perfection,
like to Excelsior, but much finer, and very handsome.
Mr. H. W. Ward, The Gardens, Longford Castle,
was 2d, wilh superb Trophy ; and Mr. C. Moss came
3d, wilh Hackwood Park, a fine, handsome variety,
wilh slightly angular ribs. The richly red forms, of
which there were one or two dishes, stood no chance
in this competition. One Utile collection of Capsi-
cums was not thought worthy of notice. There were
no Tomatos in pots sent for competition, but there
came from the Society's gardens at Chiswick nine fine
plants well fruited, including such superb kinds as
Reading Perfection, Lord Wolseley, Golden Queen,
&c. ; also from the same gardens came a very interesting
collection of Capsicums, and Chilis in pots, including
the huge Monster, and sweet Spanish, both red kinds,
very mild and sweet, and used by the Spaniards
sliced with bread as ordinary food. Of other
kinds there were Carter's Mango Pepper, Golden
Dawn, large, abrupt-shaped, yellow ; the hot Long
Red, some fruitful Chilis, and many plants of
that pretty ornamental Capsicum, I.itile Gem, Messrs.

J. Carter & Co. staged twenty-six plants in pots of
Tomatos, all well fruited, including Peckham Fa-
vourite, a very fine kind ; Holborn Ruby, Criterion,
and Green Gage, and the pretty small- fruited Coral
Red Pear, Grapeshot, and Red Currant. In the compe-
petition for prizes offered by this firm for six dishes of
Tomatos, to include Dedham Favourite, Greeri Gage,
and Criterion, Mr. Phillips was a good 1st, with fine
samples of the kinds named, and 'Trophy, Perfection,
and Large Red ; Mr. Gilmour, Hawkhurst, Kent,
was 2d, with large Stamfordian, a kind named
Glamorgan, and Wheeler's Prolific ; Mr. S. Castle,
West Lynn Vineyard, was 3d. For a single dish
of Wheeler's Prolific Tomato, special prizes being
offered by Messrs. J. C. Wheeeler & Sons, Gloucester,
the best sample came from Mr. Castle, and the 2d
from Mr. Gilmour. Mr. Barron further added
to the interest of the show by sending from
Chiswick a collection of gathered fruits of some
eighteen kinds of Tomatos, including all the best
kinds grown, and also a large collection of Onions,
chiefly of French and Italian kinds. It may be re-
marked that many of the varieties of Onions culti-
vated in European countries are well deserving of
cultivation by our own gardeners, possessing as some
do exceedingly mild flavour, and the characteristic
of maturing early.

The National Carnation and Picotee Society
(Northern Section). — On the I2ih ult., twenty-one
days after the exhibition of the Southern Section of the
Society, on July 22, the Northern meeting was held
under the auspices of the Council of the Royal Botanical
and Horticultural Society of Manchester in the noble
Town Hall ol that city. The interval well illustrates
the variable period of flowering of these summer,
blooming plants, though two exhibitions fail to bring
the growths of all interested into focus on the days as
now chosen, and at least a third exhibition should be
organised. The date as hitherto chosen for the South,
is suitable for the London district and some 30 or
40 miles to the north ; and the second week of August
will, with usual seasonal conditions, meet the needs of
the growers from the hill districts of Lancashire and
Yorkshire ; but this leaves a large area, commencing in
the south and east with O.xford and Cambridge, and
continuing through the Midlands to South Yorkshire and
York, and west and south of Manchester, where the
bloom culminates midway between the dates of the
Southern and Northern exhibitions respectively, and
where consequently the lovers of the flower realise, save
in an exceptional year, the unhappy condition expressed
in the old saw of being " between two towns at dinner-
time." Probably by a supplementary exhibition, as in
1882 and 1883, or by an independent organisation, the
evil will in future years be obviated.

Of this exhibition itself we have nothing but praise to
speak. At South Kensington the flowers were glorious,
but they were fully equalled for growth, and surpassed
in the depth and richness of colour by those produced
by Mr. Robert Lord, of Todmorden, and Mr. J. Whit-
ham, of Hebden Bridge, who were ist in the twelve
blooms, dissimilar, and twelve blooms, nine dissimilar,
respectively. Eighteen exhibitors contended for honours
at South Kensington — a marvellous addiiition to the
three and four of the years before the revival of the
Southern meeting ; twenty-seven good men and true
brought exhibits to Manchester. Thirty-nine stands of
twelves, twenty boxes of si.xes, and some 400 or 500
single specimens were placed on the table. Mr. Lord's
rst prizes, both in Carnations and Picotees, were almost
perfect ; and premier prizes were tiily awarded to his fine
specimens of Master Fred, C. B. (Hewitt), in Carnations,
and Muriel, H.P. (Hewitt), in Picotees. Thus, as at
South Kensington, the premier award both in the Car-
nation and Picotee, went to productions of the same
raiser — an unprecedented event in the history of the Car-
nation and Picotee, and we heartily congratulate Mr.
Hewitt thereupon.

New flowers were not numerous, but they were good.
Mr. Whitham had a dark, richly marked C. B. in the
way of Thomas Moore, but somewhat fuller, in the lead-
ing place in his stand ; and Mr. B. Simonite, whose
Picotees should have had 2d place, brought his fine rose
or scarlet-edged seedlings, four, commented upon last
year, and a light-edged red of great promise, darker in
colour than Mrs. Gorton or Thomas William, a variety
r.^ised at Kirkby Malzeard from Mr. Simonite's seed by
Mr. Homer, which if of two or three days younger
growth would possibly have disputed honours for the
premiership. Mr. John Cliff, of Wortley, sent a fine
seedling self of a deep flesh tint, which was highly com-
mended, and a heavy-edged purple Picotee, which the
judges desired to see again. Mr. Chadwick had also
some promising seedling Picotees, the best being a
heavy purple of a very rich and deep shade, which with
good growth is likely to obtain a very prominent place in
its class.

The judges for the twelve bloom class, dissimilar, and
single specimens, were Mr. John Bayley and Mr.
Jonathan Booth ; and for the remaining classes Mr. B.
.Simonite, Mr. John Beswick, and Mr. E. S. Dodwell.

The foUowing is a hst of the prizes : —

C.\RN,\TI0NS.— Class A. Twelve blooms, dissimilar. —
1st, Mr. Robert Lord, Todmorden, with Master Fred,
C.B. ; Earl of Wilton, P.F. ; J. D. Hextall, C.B. |
Fred, S.B. ; James M'Intosh, S. B. ; Squire Llewelyn,
P.P.B. ; Admiral Curzon, S.B. ; President, P.F. ;
Albion's Pride, C.B. ; Sportsman, .S.l''. ; Rob Roy, R.F.;
Robert Lord, S.B. 2d, Mr. J. Beswick, Middleton,

with George, S.B. ; Ivanhoe, S.F. ; Master Fred, C.B. ;
Lord Napier, S.B. ; John Keet, R.F. ; William ^kirving,
P.P.B. : James Cheetham. S.F. ; Lord Milton, C.B. ;
Eccentric Jack, C.B. ; Earl of Wilton, P.F. ; Mrs.'
Barlow, P.P.B. ; Admiral Curzon, S. R. 3d, Mr. (ico.
Geggie. Bur}'. 4lh, Mr. Ben Simonite, 1-lough ti.ii k,
Sheffield, with James Douglas, P.F. ; Sarah Paine
P.P.B.; Seedling, R. F. ; Seedling. P.P.B.; Arihur
Medhurst, S. B. ; Seedling, S.F. ; William Skirving.
P.P.B.; Seedling, R.F.; Seedling, S.F.; John Simonite'
C.B. ; Seedling, C.B. ; Robert Lord, S.B.

Class C. Twelve blooms, nine dissimilar.— rst, Mr. J.
Whitham, Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire, with Seedhng,
C.B. ; Mercury. S.B. ; Shirley Hibberd, C.B. ; Admiral
Curzon, S.B. ; James Douglas, P.F. ; Squire Llewelyn,
P.P.B.; Clipper, S. F. ; James Douglas. P.F. ; l-'red,
S.B. ; J. D. Hext.all, C.B. ; George, S.B. ; Eccentric
Jack, C.B. 2d, Mr. E. Shaw, Bury, with James
Cheetham, S.F. ; Crista-galli, R.F, ; Rifleman, C.B. ;
George, S.B. ; John Keet, R.F. ; Sir Joseph Paxton,'
S.B. ; Fred, S.B. ; Dr. I''oster, I^F. ; Mercury, S.B. ;
Clipper, S.F. ; Admiral Curzon. S.B. ; James Cheetham,
S.F. 3d, Mr. F. Law, Todmorden. 4th, Mr. J. Whit-
taker, Royton. 5th, Ivlr. Richard Gorton, Gildabrook,
Eccles.

Class E. Six blooms, dissimilar. — ist, Mr. S. Barlow,
Stakehill House, Castleton, Manchester, with Arihur
Medhurst, S.B. ; James Taylor, P.P.B. ; Seedling, R.F. ;
James Cheetham, S.F.; Seedling, C. B. ; Sir Garnet Wol-
seley, P.P.B. 2d, Mr. G. Thornley, Middleton, with
Lord Milton, C. B. ; Fanny Gardiner, — ; Splendour,
S.F.; Lord Napier, S.B. ; J. D. He.xlaU, C.B.; Earl of
Wilton, P.F. 3d, Mr. W. Slack, Chesterfield. 4th,
Mr. Howard, sih, Mr. Be.lley. 6th, Mr. J. Pemberton.
7th, Mr. J. Kitchen.

Class G. Single specimens, in classes. — Scarlet bi-
zarres ; ist, 2d, and 3d, Mr. Robert I^ord, with Admiral
Curzon. 4th and 5th, Mr. J. Beswick, with Lord
Napier. 6th, Mr. B. Simonite, with Robert Lord.
Crimson bizarres : ist, 2d, and 3d, Mr. R. Lord,
with Master Fred. 4ih, Mr. F. Law with the
same, sth, Mr. J. Whitham, wilh J. D. Hextall.
Pink and purple bizarres : ist, Mr. B. Simonite, with
Seedling ; 2d, with William Skirving ; 3d and 5th,
Mr. G. Geggie. with Mrs. Barlow ; 4th, with James
Taylor ; 6th, with Sir Garnet Wolseley. Scarlet (lakes :
ist and 2d, Mr. G. Geggie, with James Cheetham ; 3d,
Mr. R. Lord, with Sportsman ; 4th, Mr. J. Beswick,
withj.-imes Cheetham ; 5th, with Ivanhoe ; 6th, Mr. J.
Whitham, with Henry Cannell. Rose flakes : ist and
6th, Mr. F. Law, with Crista-galli ; 2d and 3d, Mr. R.
Lord, with the same ; 4th, with Lovely Ann ; 5lh,
Mr. William Taylor, Middleton, wilh Crista-galli.
Purple flakes : ist, Mr. R. Lord, with Squire Whit-
bourn ; 2d, with President ; 4th, with Squire Trow ; 3d,
Mr. G. Geggie, with James Douglas ; sth, Mr. F. Law,
with Earl of Wilton ; 6th, Mr. E. Shaw, with
Dr. Foster.

PicoTEiiS. — Class B. Twelve blooms, dissimilar.— 1st,
Mr. R. Lord, with Mrs. A. Chancellor, H.P. ; Cl.ira
Penson, L.P. ; Lady Holmesdale, H.RO. ; Master Nor-
man, H.R. ; Brunette, H.R , ; Mrs. Allcroft, L.RO. ;
Thomas William, L.R. ; Edith D'Ombrain, H.RO. ;
Zerhna, H.P. ; Miss Horner, L.R.O. ; Ann Lord,
L.P. ; Robert Scott, H.R. 2d, Mr. J. Beswick,
with Charles Williams, ; Minnie, L.P. ; Bonnie Jean ;
Mrs. Wilson, H.R ; Mary, L.P. ; Alliance, H.P. ; Dr.
.^bercrombie, H.R. ; Daisy, L.RO. ; Muriel, H.P. ; J.
B. Bryant, H.R. ; Thomas William, L.R. ; Mrs. Sum-
mers, H.P. 3d, Mr. B. Simonite, with Seedling, L.R. P.
(Horner); Mrs. Niven, H.P. ; Seedling, L.RO. P.;
Jessie, M.P. ; Seedling, H.RO. ; Clara Penson, L R. ;
j. B. Bryant, H.R. ; Seedling, L.RO.; Muriel, H.P. ;
Seedling, H.SC. ; Mary, L.P. ; Zerlina, H.P. 4th, Mr.
G. Geggie. 5th, Mr. J. Chadwick, Dukinfield.

Class D. Twelve blooms, nine dissimilar.- ist, Mr. F.
Law, with Mrs. Payne, H.RO. ; Minnie, L.P. ; Mrs.
Allcroft, L.RO. ; Zerlina, H.P. ; Beauty of Cheltenham,
M.P. ; Brunette. H.R. ; Nymph, L.P. ; John Smith.
H.R. ; Thomas Willi.am, L.R. ; Ann Lord. L P. ; Miss
Horner, L.RO. ; Mrs. Gorton, L. R. 2d, Mr. R. Gorton,
with Purple Prince, H.P. ; Mrs. Piiyne. H.RO. ;
Alliance, H.P. ; Thomas William, L.R.; Rev. F. D.
Horner, L.R. ; Mary, L.P. , Thomas VVilli.im, L.R. ■
Ethel, L.RO. ; Mrs. A. Chancellor, H.P. ; Fanny
Helen, H.RO. ; Alliance, H.P. ; Mary, L.P. 3d. Mr.
W. Taylor. 4th, Mr. E. Shaw. 5th, Mr. J. Whillaker.

Class F. .Six blooms, dissimilar. — rst, Mr. S. Barlow,
with Emily, M.R. ; Zeriina. H.P. ; Medina, H.P. ;
Thomas Wilham, L.R. ; Minnie, L.P. ; J. B.
Bryant, H.R. 2d, Mr J. Whitham, with Zerlina,
H.P. ; Royal Visit, H.RO. ; John Smith, H.R. ; Minnie,
L.P. ; Brunette, H.R. ; Thom.as Willi.im. L.R. 3d,
Mr. G. Thornley. 4lh, Mr. S. Lord. 5th, Mr. T.
Howard. 6lh, Mr. R. Bealey. 7th, Mr. J. Pemberton.

Class G. Single blooms. — Heavy reds : Mr. J.
Bleachley, ist, with Brunette ; Mr. R. I^ord, 2d. wilh
John Smith, 3d, wilh Mrs. Dodwell ; Mr. G. Geggie,
4th, with John Smith ; Mr. J. Chadwick, sth, wilh
Seedling ; Mr. S. Lord, 6th, wilh John Smith. Light
reds : Mr. R. Lord, ist, 4th, sth, and 6th, wilh Thomas
William ; Mr. B. Simonile, 2d, with Seedling (Horner) ;
Mr. R. Gorton, 3d, with Tliom.is William. Heavy
purples ; Mr. R. Lord, ist, with Muriel ; 4th and 5th,
with Zerlina ; Mr. G. Geggie, 2d and 3d, with Zerlina ;
Mr. F. Law, 6th, with the same. Light purples : Mr.
R. Lord, 1st and 4111, with Ann Lord ; Mr. G. Geggie,
2d, with Mary ; Mr. S. Barlow, 3d, with the same ; Mr.
F. Law, 5th, wilh the same, and 6th, with Minnie.
Heavy roses or scarlets : Mr. R. Lord, ist and 2d, wilh
Miss Horner ; Mr. J. Chadwick, 3d, sth, and 6th, wilh
.Seedlings ; Mr. J. Whitham, 4th, wilh Royal Visit.
Light roses or scaricts : Mr. R. Lord, 1st and 3d, wilh
Miss Wood : 2d, with L'Elegant ; Mr, R, Gorton, 4th,

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

279

with Ethel ; Mr. S. Barlow, 5th, with Beauty of Plum*
stead ; Mr. B. yimonite, 6ih, with Seedlin*.

Selfs and Fancies.— Extra class : Twelve blooms,
self colours only. — ist, Mr. R. Lord; 2d, Mr. S. Barlow.

Extra class; Twelve blooms, fancies— run bi/.irres or
any other conibinaiion, excluding sells. — isl, Mr. R.
Lord : 2d. Mr S. Barlow.

Weston-super-Mare Horticultural : Aui^ust
19 — This Society held its yearly show on the above
date in the u^ual place, the Grove and Rectory Fields,
whicli arc well adapted for the purpose of a large gather-
ing, as well as being near the town. In the principal
classes the competition on this occasion was well sus-
tained, more exhibitors than ordinary putting in their
appearance. In the class for twelve stove and greenhouse
plants there wevQ five groups staged, which, being well
grown, and the flowering portion full of bloom, made
an effective display. The fruits of the Society's work are
strikingly apparent in the improved condition of the
plants that are now brought oiu by the local exhibitors,
which contrast favourably with their early eftorts. The
new W^est of England exhibitor, Mr. Lock, gr. to
B. \\\ Cleave, Esq., Crediton, near Exeter, was again
out in full force, sweeping oft' most of the principal prizes ;
his plants were well grown, fresh, and unusually full of
flower. Fine-foliage plants werealsowellshown, butnotas
frequently seen present in such numbers as to give a
sombre appearance to the display. In the open class for
twelve stove and greenhouse, including four fine-leaved
plants — ist, Mr. Lock, with a very fine collection, the
best of which were Erica cemula, with the flowers literally
piled together, so that from their glutinous nature they
were in a dense solid mass ; E. obbata purpurea, Dipla-
denia amabilis, Ixora Fraseri, I. W'illiamsii, andStepha-
noiis floribunda, which collectively harmonised well with
their accompanying fine-leaved associates ; 2d, Mr.
Cypher, Cheltenham, who likewise had a fine group,
noticeable in which were AUamanda nobilis, Erica
McNabiana, Statice Holfordi, and Stephanotis flori-
bunda ; 3d, Mr. J. F. Mould, having, in a well managed
group, Ixora Prince of Orange, very well bloomed ;
Erica insignis, well flowered, and some 4J feet through.
When, as in this case, the colour of this fine kind is well
brought out, it is one of the very finest of all Heaths. 4th,
Mr. Bloodworth, with a collection, the best of which
were Eucharis amazonica, Clerodendron Balfourianum,
and Lxora Williamsii. In another group, shown in the
same class by Mr. Hughes, gr. to H. Pethick, Esq., was
a well grown and nicely flowered example of the old
Plumbago capensis, the soft blue colour of which is so
effective amongst other plants. The same group con-
tained one of the best grown and most profusely flowered
specimens we have seen of Bougainvillea glabra, which
possessed the additional merit of not having been sub-
jected to the overtraining that a good many plants now
shown are spoilt with. With six stove and greenhouse
plants Mr. Lock was ist, showing in an excellent col-
lection Dipladenia hybrida, a beautiful variety, with the
brightest high-coloured shade in the flowers of all the
kinds in cultivation. With it was Erica Fairreana,
Ixora Prince of Orange, and I. Duffii, a remarkably
large-flowered, distinct-looking species of comparatively
recent introduction ; 2d, Mr. Cypher, who staged a well
managed set of plants ; 3d, Mr. J. F. Mould, having
amongst others Dipladenia Brearleyana, in good condi-
tion, and the brilliant red flowered Erica cerinthoides ;
in another group competing in this class, contributed by
Mr. Brown, was a good specimen, profusely bloomed,
of Physianthus albens, a white-flowering evergreen
climber, well worth culiivating, but rarely seen. Fine-
leaved plants. — First honours for six went to Mr. Lock,
who had large examples in very good condition ; 2d,
Mr. Cypher ; 3d, Mr. Rye, gr. to J. Derham, Esq.
Ferns. — In the class for six, Mr. Lock took tne lead with
a handsome half dozen, in which was Microlepia hirta
cristata, Davallia polyantha, D. Mooreana, and Glei-
chenia rupestris glaucescens, all in fine order ; 2d, Mr. S.
Brown. Six Adiantums.— These were well shown by
several exhibitors, Mr. Lock here again taking ist with
large examples in fresh condition, the best of which were
A. cardiochloena, A. trapeziforme, A. concinnum latum,
and A. Farleyense ; 2d, Mr. Hughes, who also had pretty
plants. Sixhardy Ferns. — ist, Mr. S. Brown; 2d, Mr.Lock.
Lycopodiums. — With these Mr, Lock took the lead,
suging medium-sized fresh plants, sufficiently varied in
appearance ; 2d, Mr. W. J. Mould, gr. to E. E. Bryant,
Esq. Fuchsias. — Here Afr. Brown was a long way
ahead, with tall pyramids, very well flowered ; 2d, Mr.
Bowen. Single new plant. — ist, Mr. Cypher, with
Croton Thomsoni ; 2d, Mr. Lock. Petunias. — ist, Mr.
Brown, who had double varieties nicely bloomed. Cocks-
combs were finely shown : ist, Mr. Pain, gr. to W.
Ash, Esq. ; 2d, Mr. Lewis, gr. to J. E. Cole, Esq. Six
Coleiis. — ist, Mr. S. Brown. Six Liliums. — ist, Mr.
S. Brown. Six Achimenes. — ist, Mr. Hughes. Zonal
Pelargoniums. — ist. Mr. S. Brown ; 2d, Mr. Bowen.
Sbc tricolor Pelargoniums. — ist, Mr. S. Brown.

In the amateurs' division, with six stove and green-
house plants Mr. Lock came in ist again, with well
bloomed examples, the best of which were Ixora Prince
of Orange, and Erica tricolor Wilsoni ; 2d, Mr. W. J.
Mould, in whose group was a nicely flowered plant of
Erica Eweriana. Fine-leaved plants. — With six Mr.
Rye, gr. to J. Derham, Esq., took the lead, staging,
amongst others, nice examples of Croton Weismanni,
C. majesticus, and Areca Baueri ; 2d, Mr. Lock, whose
collection contained An thuriumThibautianum anciCrotor;%
Prince of Wales. Achimenes. — The plants of these
shown in this division were much superior to those com-
peting in the open class. ist, Mr. Lane, gr. to F.
Taylor, Esq., with six beautifully flowered plants ; 2d,
Ihe Rev. CUfton Mogg. Six Ferns.— ist, Mr. Lock;

2d, Mr. W. J. Mould. Six Adiantums.— ist, Mr. Pain ;
2d, Mr. Loveless, gr. to Sidney Hill, Esq. Six hardy
Ferns.— ist, Mr. J. P. Capel ; 2d, Mr. Pain. Zonal
Pelargoniums were nicely grown and well flowered.
With six Mr. S. J. Sayce was ist ; 2d, Mr. Lewis. Four
double varieties. — 1st, Mr. Lewis ; 2d, Mr. Pain.
Gloxinias. — ist, Mr. Lock ; 2d, the Rev. Clifton Mogg.
Single specimen plant. — ist, Mr. Lock, showing a medium-
sized example of l.xora Williamsii, profusely flowered ;
2d, Mr. Pain.

Cu r Flow ERS.— Of these there was a large quantity,
collectively in good condition. Roses were more
numerous, and in better order than the advanced season
and the extreme dryness of the weather would have led
any one to expect. The winning stand of twenty-four
varieties, three blooms of each, consisted of an even lot
of flowers, with a fair admixture of Teas, all in nice
order ; these were from Mr. Mattock. Oxford ; 2d,
Messrs. Cooling, Bath, who also put up a nice lot ; 3d,
Mr. \V. G. Grant. Twelve Tea varieties, single blooms.
— ist, Mr. Mattock, with a good dozen ; .id, Messrs,
Cooling. Twenty-four Dahlias. — ist, Mr. Hill, Ashton.
Twelve varieties, single Dahlias, three blooms of each
with buds and foliage. — ist, Mr. Walters, Bath ; 2d,
Messrs. Cooling. Twenty-four Gladiolus. — ist, Mr.
Dobree, with a nice lot of spikes ; 2d, Mr. S. Brown.
Asters were beautifully shown. With twenty-four quilled
varieties, ist, Mr. Hopkins, gr. to Mrs. Kinglake,
putting up a very good lot ; 2d, Mr. Hooper, Bath.
Twenty-four French varieties were also very well done,
ist, Mr. Walters ; 2d, Mr. Hooper. Twelve Roses
(amateurs).- ist, Mr. Carpenter, gr. to S. P. Budd,
Esq. ; 2d, Mr. W. G. Grant. Twelve Dahlias (amateurs).
— rst, Mr. H. C. Meagel ; 2d, Mr. Pearce, gr. to Mrs.
Crowlher. Twelve single Dahlias (amateurs). — ist, Mr.
H. C. Mayell ; 2d, Mr. Truckle, gr. to T. Carr, Esq.
Twelve quilled Asters (amateurs). — ist, Mr. Hopkins;
2d, Mr. Cailey, Bath. Twelve French Asters (amateurs).
— ist, Mr. Catley ; 2d, Mr. Burgess. Twenty-four bunches
of cut flowers. — ist, Mr. Lock; 2d, Mr. Howe. Clifton.
Twelve bunches of cut flowers (amateurs). — ist, Mr.
Lock ; 2d, Mr. Rye. Hand bouquet. — ist, Mr. Cypher ;
2d, Mr. Hookings, Clifton. Hand bouquets (amateurs).
— ist, Mr. Spry, gr. to Mrs. Prideaux ; 2d, Mr. Hook-
ings. Stand of fruit and flowers.— ist. Mr. E. T. Hall,
with a nice arrangement. Stand of flowers, — ist, Mr,
Hookings ; 2d, Mr. Pain.

Fruit. — Of this there was a nice display, hardy kinds
being more plentiful and better than could have been ex-
pected. With eight dishes, Mr. Rye was ist, his collec-
tion included Muscat of Alexandria and Black Ham-
burgh Grapes, Royal George Peaches, Rivers' Orange
Nectarines, a Melon, Cherries, Apples, and Pears ; 2d,
Mr. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork, Marston House,
Fronie, his best dishes being Black Hamburgh and Mus-
cat of Alexandria Grapes, a Blenheim Orange Melon,
and Brown Turkey Figs ; 3d, Mr. Davey, gr. to J.
Carver, Esq., Hereford. Three bunches of Black Ham-
burgh Grapes. — ist, Mr. Iggulden, with nicely finished
examples ; 2d, Mr. E. T. Hall. Three bunches of
black Grapes, not Hamburghs. — ist, Mr. Daffurn, gr.
to Mrs. Walker, with nicely finished Madresfield
Court ; 2d, Mr. Iggulden ; 3d, Mr. E. T. Hall,
both showing the same excellent sorts. Three
bunches of Muscat of Alexandria. — ist, Mr.
Cooper, with nicely-coloured, even examples ; 2d, Mr.
Goddard, gr. to R. H. Symes, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. Shelton,
gr. to W. K. Wait; Esq. Three bunches of while
Grapes, not Muscats. — With these Mr. Smith, gr. to
Mrs. Morris, was 1st. staging Foster's Seedling, good
bunches, and well finished ; 2d, Mr. Grossman. Peaches
and Nectarines were beautifully shown. With a dish of
the former, ist, Mr. Holland, gr. to Mrs. Temperley,
having Royal George, fair-sized, even fruit, beautifully
coloured ; 2d, Mr. Iggulden, with good examples of
Barrington. Dish of Nectarines. — ist, Mr. Reed, gr. to
F.J. C. Parsons, Esq., who had Pitmaston Orange in
nice order ; 2d, Mr. Trolman, gr. to H. O. Wills, Esq.
Apricots. — ist, Mr. Marsh, gr. to J. Austin, Esq., with
a good dish of Moorpark ; 2d, Mr. Howe. Figs. — ist,
Mr. T. T. Knyfton ; 2d, Mr. W. Fear. Green-fleshed
Melon. — ist, Mr. W. Pain ; 2d, Mr. Bloodworth.
Scarlet-fleshed Melon. — isl, Mr. Iggulden ; 2d, Mr.
George. T. B,

Basingstoke Horticultural : August 19. — The
eighth annual exhibition of this Society was held in the
grounds of Goldings (kindly lent by S. Field, Esq.) on
Tuesday, the 19th inst. The show, taken altogether,
was a capital one, and the attendance of visitors was
good. The three large marquees— one for the exhibits
of ladies, amateurs, and artisans, and the other two for
those gentlemen's gardeners — being crowded between
the hours of four and seven o'clock. The Society is for-
(unate in having so many donors of special prizes re-
siding in the district, and the donors are to be congratu-
lated, not only for the keen competition, but also upon
the excellence of the individual exhibits put up in com-
petition for their Uberal awards. The Fuchsias were as
fine as any we have seen this year, and did great credit to
the grower, Mr. T. Russell. Stove plants, both foliage
and flowering, and Ferns, were shown in good con-
dition, as also were fruit and vegetables ; the Potatos
being plentiful, clean, and even. But in the matter of
"putting up" collections of vegetables a little more
taste should be shown on future occasions. Clean roots
fringed with green Parsley, correctly named, and neatly
arrane:ed, always look better than those slovenly put
up. The following are the awards of the judges : —
Six distinct stove and greenhouse plants in flower. — Mr.
E, Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, The Firs, Bassett, South-
ampton, was ist, showing a large balloon-shaped Clero-
dendron Balfourianum, Plumbago capensis, &c. ; Mr.

Russell, gr. to T. Pain, Esq., Audley's Wood, Basing
stoke, being a good 2d, with, amongst others, a fresh
well-flowered AUamanda Ilendersoni, ICucharis ama-
zonica, and Ixora Dixiana. For a like number of foliage
plants Mr. Wills was ist, with fresh, well coloured plants
of Alocasia metallica and \. Lowii, Croton Queen Vic-
toria. &c. ; 2d, \. Daunccy, gr. to B. Stone, Esq., Buck-
field Park, Sheffield. For the best single specimen stove
or greenhouse plant Mr. N. Kneller, gr. to Wyndham
T, Portal, Esq., Malshanger, Basingstoke, and Mr. T.
Russell, were placed equal ist, the former showing a
fairly well flowered variety of Cattleya, and the latter a
grandly flowered Fuchsia Charming, standing about
8 feet high and 5 feet through at the base ; 2d, Mr.
Wills, with Aphelexis macraniha purpurea. Mr. Wills
was ist for six Achimenes, and Mr. N. Kneller was 2d,
For [six exotic Ferns Mr. Wills was again ist. his
best plant being Davallia Mooreana ; 2d, Mr. T. Weaver,
gr. to W. W. B. Beach. Esq., M.P., Oakley Hall.
Basingstoke, the competition being very close. Mr. N.
Kneller was ist for eight hardy Ferns ; Mr. Tripp, gr.
to S. Field, Esq., Goldings, Basingstoke, was 2d ; Mr.
Wills being awarded an extra prize in this class.
In the class for six Fuchsias there was only one
entry, consisting of Princess Victoria, Beauty of
Wilts, Alexandria (lights), Captain Nero, Elegans,
and Charming (darks), which were really grand speci-
mens of good cultivation, being about 8 feet high,
5 feet through at the base, fresh and profusely flowered,
and for which Mr. Russell was awarded the ist prize
and Highly Commended. There was also only one
entry in tlie class for six Pelargoniums (zonals and
doubles), and a 1st prize was awarded to Mr. R. Lye,
Sydmonton Court, Newbury. Mr. Wills had the best
six decorative plants, and Mr. B. Tripp the 2d best.

Cut Flowers.— Mr. Durbidge, gr. to Rev. C. Eddy,
Bromely, Andover, had the best twelve Roses (distinct),
and Mr. F. W. Flight, Twyford, Winchester, the
2d best. Mr. R. W. Munday, Basingstoke, was ist for
twelve Dahlias, and Mr. T. Russell 2d.

Fruit.— For a collection of six dishes of fruit (dis-
tinct). Pine excluded.— ist, Mr. Best, gr. to C.W. Caute,
Esq., The Vyne, Basingstoke, with black and white
Grapes, fairly good dishes of Peaches and Nectarines,
Plums and Melons ; Mr. Kneller, of Malshanger, being
2d, showing black and white Grapes, Apricots, Cherries,
Apples, and Plums ; and Mr. T. Osmond, gr. to Major
R. P.Warren, Worthing House, Basingstoke, 3d. Mr. F.
Kneller was ist with Black Hamburgh Grapes, having
three good bunches of that variety ; 2d, Mr. Best, and
Mr. N. Kneller 3d. For a like number ot bunches of
any black Grape other than Black Hamburgh there
was only one entry, viz., Mr. Best, who secured ist prize
with good-sizedandwell finished bunches of Black Prince.
In the corresponding class for white Grapes, Mr.

F. Kneller was ist. with Muscat of Alexandria ; Mr. 1'.
Russell 2d, and Mr. Best 3d. Mr. W. Thompson, gr.
to Captain Boland, Down Grange, Basingstoke, had the
best green-fleshed Melon, Mr. N. Kneller the 2d best,
and Mr. Best the 3d best. And Mr. T. Weaver secured
ist place in the corresponding class with a good fruit of
Blenheim Orange; Mr. N. Kneller 2d, and Mr.
Thompson 3d. The last named exhibitor was ist for
six Peaches, with fine fruits of Noblesse ; Mr. G. H.
Richards, gr. to the Earl of Normanton, Somerley
House, Ringwood, being a good 2d, with the same
variety ; and Mr. J. Dauncey a good 3d. In the corre-
sponding class for Nectarines, Mr. Best was ist, Mr.
Richards 2d, and Mr. Dauncey 3d. Mr. Best was again
to the front for three dishes of dessert Apples ; Mr. N.
Kneller 2d, and Mr. R. Lye 3d. And for a hke number
of culinary Apples, Mr. N. Kneller obtained ist place,
being followed closely by Mr. T. Weaver, and Mr. Ilott,
gr. to Major AUfrey, Wokefield Park, Basingstoke, in
that order. In the class for six dessert Pears the prizes
were awarded to Messrs. N. Kneller, F. Kneller, and

G. Best, in the order in which their names appear.
Mr. Richards secured ist place for three dishes of Plums,
distinct ; Mr. Dauncey 2d, and Mr, N. Kneller 3d.
Mr. Dauncey had the best dish of Morello Cherries, and
Mr. N. Kneller the 2d best. For the best dish of six
Apricots the prizes went to Mr. Richards and Mr. N.
Kneller, in that order.

Vegetables. — For a collection of twelve distinct
kinds of vegetables Mr. N. Kneller was awarded the
ist prize, Mr. R. Lye the 2d, and Mr. Richards the 3d ;
and for twelve bulbs of spring-sown Onions Mr. Lye
obtained ist, Mr. N. Kneller 2d, and Mr. Thompson 3d.
Mr. Richards was ist for a brace of Cucumbers, Mr.
Dauncey 2d, and Mr. Best 3d.

Special Prizes. — A number of special prizes were
given by ladies and gentlemen residing in the neighbour-
hood of Basingstoke, to be competed for by gentlemen's
gardeners. Foremost among these were those offered
for a group of miscellaneous stove and greenhouse
plants, to occupy a space of 10 feet by 8 feet, quality
with effect to be the leading feature, ist (^5 51., given
by Mrs. W. W. B. Beach), Mr. F. Kneller ; 2d [£z 2s.,
given by H. Harris, Esq.), Mr. T. Weaver ; 3d {£1 is.,
given by Messrs. R. T. & ]. Barrett), Mr. E. Wills.

In the class for twelve plants, in or out of bloom
(open), Mr. Wills was ist (^5 5J. , given by the President,
S. Portal, Esq.): these were Cycas revoluta, Latania
borbonica, Statice profusa, and Bougainvillea glabra,
&c. ; 2d (£2 2s., given by A. Basset, Esq.), Mr. |.
Dauncey. For six Coleus, distinct, ist {£1 is., given by
Mr, W. Wadmore), Mr. G. Best, with pyramids 5 feet
high, and well coloured ; 2d (lo^. 6d,, given by Dr.
Greenwood), Mr. N. Kneller ; 3d (5^., given by Messrs.
Paget & Son), Mr. R. Lye. For twenty-four varieties of
cut Roses, ist(;^i, given by Wyndham S. Portal, Esq.),
Mr. Darbridge, gr. to the Rev. C. Eddy, with a nice

28o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

fresh even lot of blooms, one of which— A. K. Williams
— secured the special prize given by the rev. gentleman
for the best single Rose bloom in the show ; 2d (5^.,
given by Mr. G. Hooper), Mr. R. H. Munday ; and in
the class for six Roses, distinct, to be grown in Hamp-
shire, ist (lOJ., given by Rev. C. Eddy, who also gives
the 2d prize, 5^.), Mr. F. W. Flight ; 2d, Mr. Dauncey.

Messrs. John Laing & Co., Forest Hill, London,
offered 15^., loj^., and 51. for six distinct tuberous
Begonias (to be named from their catalogue) ; there were
only two entries — namely, Messrs. Best and Dauncey,
who obtained the awards in that order. For eight
distinct kinds of fruit.— 1st {£% as., given by the So-
ciety), Mr. F. Kneller, whose best dishes were his Black
Hamburghs, Peaches, and Nectarines — Mr. Weaver
being a very good 2d {^i is., given by W. H. Bailey,
Esq. Potatos were largely shown, and remarkably good.
For twelve varieties, nine tubers of each, Mr. Ilott
secured the ist (£2 2s., given, as also the 2d, ^^i is.,
given by the Society), with a clean, even lot ; Mr.
Dauncey was 2d ; and Mr. Best 3d {ioj^. 6d., given by
Mr. E. J. Stephens).

In the classes open to gentlemen employing not more
than one gardener and an assistant, for the best collec-
tion of twelve plants in pots. — ist, Mr. W. Thompson ;
2d, Mr. Tripp. For the best six kinds of fruit there was
only one entry, viz., Mr. Thompson, who was awarded a
ist prize for his collection. Mr. Tripp was 1st for a col-
lection of eight distinct kinds of vegetables, Mr. Thomp-
son 2d, and Mr. Durbidge 3d. For the best collection
of twelve stove and greenhouse plants, prizes {£2 zs.
and ^i IS.) given by the Mayor of Basingstoke (Cap-
tain May). — ist, Mr. Tripp, with a nice fresh lot of plants ;
2d, Mr. Thompson, also with a nice lot. Mr. Thomp-
son was ist in the class for twelve bunches of cut flowers,
distinct (ist prize, 21J,, given by Dr. Greenwood) ; and
Mr. Tripp 2d (10/., given by Messrs. Paget & Son).

Amateurs. — For six stove and greenhouse plants Mr.
Budd was ist, Mr. H. Allen 2d, and Mr. W. Wadmore
3d ; and for six Fuchsias Mrs. J. Portsmouth, Basing-
stoke, ist ; and Mr. H. Allen, of the same town, 2d. Mr.
C.J.Jacob, Basingstoke, was ist for a hke number of
Balsams, Mr. Wadmore 2d, and Mr. H, Owen 3d. The
last-named exhibitor was ist for six hardy Ferns, and
Mr. J. Owen 2d.

Fruit. — For a collection of fruit, six distinct kinds,
Mr, J. B. Soper was ist, Mr, W. Wadmore 2d. Mr. E.
Glanville had the best Melon. Mr. H. Allen and Mr.
W. Wadmore were respectively ist and 2d for six Pears,
and for a like number of dessert Apples the prizes were
awarded in the following order : — Messrs. Soper,
Poulter, and H. Dunn ; and for a like number of cuUnary
Apples the prizes went to Mr. F. Eudd, Rev. J. Chad-
wick, and Mr. Soper. Mr. H. Allen and Mr. Wadmore
were the only competitors in the class for twelve Plums,
and they secured the ist and 2d prizes in that order ; as
also did Messrs. Soper, Budd, and J. Owen for a dish
of Cherries.

Vegetables were shown largely, and were for the most
part well grown.

Special Prizes.— Mr. H. Allen offered £2 2s. and
£1 IS., and Mr. H. Loe los. 6d., for a group of miscel-
laneous plants, to occupy a space of 6 feet by 5 feet,
quality with effect to be the leading feature. — ist, Mr.
H. Allen, with a creditably arranged group of nicely
grown plants ; 2d, Mr. F. Budd. For twelve varieties
of hardy herbaceous cut flowers, ist {los. 6d., given
by Mr. W. P. Stark), Mr. H. Allen ; 2d {ss.,
by the same donor), Mr. A. Tapp. For a col-
lection of twelve varieties of annuals Mr. H. Allen
was awarded ist position {10s. 6d., given by Mr.
A. Sapp) ; and Mr. Wadmore 2d.

Table decorations, bouquets, &c, (open only to ladies).
— For a stand or vase of flowers and fruit for table decora-
tion, ist. Miss Flight, of Winchester ; 2d, Miss B. Powell.
Miss Owen and Miss Poulter had the two best hand
bouquets, and Mrs. Wadmore and the Misses Owen had
the two best vase bouquets. For the best arranged pair
of vases containing wild flowers the prizes were awarded
to Miss B. Flight, Mrs. Wadmore, and Miss Owen, in
that order, for very tastefully arranged vases, and which
were greatly admired.

In the twenty classes devoted to the produce of
artisans and labourers of Basingstoke and neighbour-
hood, the exhibits for the most part were remarkably
good— Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading ; Messrs.
Lodwidge & Co., Basingstoke ; and Mr. H. M.Julian,
of the same town, as inducements to compete, offering
special prizes in this division. H. W. Ward.

Trowbridge Horticultural : Angitsi 20. —
This was the thirty-fifth exhibition of this flourishing
Society, certainly one of the most popular in the west of
England. It was held, as usual, in the large field
adjoining the railway station, an adjoining field being
also brought into requisition. It was undoubtedly one
of the best exhibitions the Society has yet held ; the
entries were very large, and the exhibits throughout un-
commonly good. It was a rare representation of Wilt-
shire produce, for with few exceptions the leading
features were all produced within a few miles of Trow-
bridge. For once the weather was wholly fine — it is a
number of years since that rain did not fall to some
extent on the show day. As usual the town was prettily
decorated with plants, flowers, &c. There were several
triumphal arches, and flags without number. Large
numbers of people came into the town, and the exhibi-
lion proved a decided financial success.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— These were, aa
usual, a leading feature, and there were four entries, the
ist prize going to Mr. J. F. Mould, nurseryman, Pewsey,

who had good plants of Erica insignis, E. Austiniana, a
very fine specimen of the white-flowered Ixora Colei,
Gloriosa superba, Allamanda Hendersoni, A. nobilis,
Dipladenia Brearleyana, Clerodendron Balfourianum,
and Ixora Prince of Orange; 2d, Mr. J. Matthews, gr.
to W. R. Brown, Esq., Trowbridge, whose best speci-
mens were Bougainvillea glabra, Ixora aurantiaca. Erica
Exquisite, E. Marnockiana, and Allamanda nobilis ; 3d,
Mr. G. Tucker, gr. to W. P. Clark, Esq., Trowbridge,
who had, among others, good examples of Plumbago
coccinea, Allamanda nobilis, and Stephanotis fioribunda.
In the amateurs' class for six plants Mr. ]. Haden, gr.
to H. Pocock, Esq., Trowbridge, was 2d, with Ixora
Williamsii, Allamanda nobilis, A. Hendersoni, Stephano-
tis fioribunda, Rondeletia speciosa Brilliantissima, and
Bougainvillea glabra, being beaten by Mr. G. Tucker,
who had a very nice fresh lot, consisting of Ixora
WiUiamsii, I. coccinea superba, a seedling Dipladenia in
the way of amabilis, Stephanotis fioribunda, Allamanda
Hendersoni, and Bougainvillea glabra. Mr. Tucker was
also ist, with three plants, staging capital examples of
Dipladenia Brearleyana, Statice profusa, and Allamanda
Hendersoni ; 2d, Mr. J. Matthews, with Allamanda
Hendersoni, Ixora coccinea, and Rondeletia speciosa
major. In the class for a specimen plant displaying
superior cultivation the best was Cattleya Loddigesi,
with two flower-stems, bearing five excellent flowers
each, shown by W. Syme, gr. to G. Gouldsworth, Esq.;
Mr. Mould coming 2d with Cycas revoluta.

Ornamental Foliaged Plants.— In the class for
nine plants Mr. J. F. Mould was ist, with fine examples
of Croton Andreanus, C. Warreni, C. Sunset, and C.
Queen Victoria, all well coloured ; Cycas revoluta,
Gleichenia rupestris, G. Mendeli, Dracaena Goldieana,
and D. regina ; 2d, Mr. W. C. Drummond, nurseryman,
Bath, who had good examples of Latania borbonica,
Cycas revoluta, Thrinax elegans, Croton Queen Victoria,
C. Weismanni, and Dracaena Lindeni, in capital form.

Ferns. — These are always a leading feature at this
show, and being shown in collections of fifteen plants
make a fine display. On this occasion Mr. Geo. Tucker
was ist, with a very good lot of fair-sized specimens,
their characters well developed, among them being
Gymnogramma peruviana cristata, G. sulphurea, G.
decomposita, and G. Laucheana, Neottopteris nidus-avis,
Adianlum Farleyense, A. cuneatum, A. gracillimum, A.
concinnum latum, Davallia canariensis, D. Mooreana, and
others of equally fine character ; 2d, Mr. G. Cole, gr. to
A. P. Stancomb, Esq., Trowbridge, with a very good
lot, the following of fine character : — Dicksonia squarrosa,
Gymnogramma Laucheana, G. peruviana argyrophylla
and G. chrysophylla, Cheilanthes elegans, Davallia
Mooreana, Adiantum Farleyense, several other handsome
Maidenhairs, &c. Three other collections competed,

COLEUS. — These were a fine feature, and especially
the well developed bushy plants shown by Mr. J.
Matthews, to which the ist prize was awarded, the sorts
being Lady Dacre, Cannell's Lovely, Mrs. J. Simpson,
Mrs. Sherriff, Duchess of Teck, and Sanatorim, the
leaves large and finely marked. Some other good plants
were shown, mainly of pyramidal shape, the sorts gene-
rally similar to those just named.

Fuchsias.— As is usual, these were shown in remark-
ably fine condidon ; some said they were the best speci-
mens ever seen at Trowbridge. They were of large size
and finely grown and bloomed. Mr. J, Lye, gr. to the
Hon. Mrs. Hay, Clyffe Hall, Market Lavington, was
ist with six varieties, having Final, Doels' Favourite,
and the Hon. Mrs. Hay, dark ; and Arabella, Mrs.
Bright, and Beauty of the West, light varieties. 2d,
Mr. G. Tucker, with specimens only just inferior to the
foregoing, having Load-me-Well, Charmer, Bountiful,
and Doels' Favourite, dark ; Arabella and Emily Doels,
light. Mr. H. Pocock, gr. to J. P. Haden, Esq., Trow-
bridge, was equal 2d, with Bountiful, Charming, and
Doels' Favourite, dark ; and Arabella, Maggie, and
Beauty of Wilts, light. Another collection was shown
by Mr. J. Matthews, and this was very much better than
the best plants we are accustomed to see at provincial
shows. Mr. Lye also had the best four plants, staging
Henry Brook and Duke of Albany, dark ; Star of Wilts
and Emily Lye, light. 2d, Mr. H. Pocock, with Ele-
gance and Doels' Favourite, dark ; Rose of Castille and
Mabel, light. 3d, Mr. G, Tucker. In the nurserymen's
classes Fuchsias were poor, the ist prize for six speci-
mens being withheld, the 2d going to Mr, W. C. Drum-
mond.

Miscellaneous Plants.— These included Cala-
diums. Heaths, of which there were a few nice plants,
Achimenes, Gloxinias, Begonias, and new plants. The
best new plant was Dieffenbachia Jenmanni, tlie bright
green leaves having transverse bars of white : this was
shown by Mr. H. Clack, gr. to C. E. Colston, Esq.,
Roundway Park, Devizes ; Mr. J. F, Mould being 2d,
with Croton Thompson!. A very good lot of tuberous-
rooted Begonias came from one exhibitor, and an extra
prize as well as a Certificate of Merit was awarded to
Mr. J. L. Graham, Trowbridge, for an excellent lot of
seedling Begonias, double and single. Petunias were
very finely shown by Mr. J. Lye, all charming varieties
of his own raising, capitally grown and flowered ; there
were also good Verbenas in pots, and some finely grown
and bloomed zonal Pelargoniums, together with Cocks-
combs. The competition in all these classes was very
brisk, and one effect of it has been to ensure that all
things are shown in the best condition by all sections of
exhibitors.

Cut Flowers. — These, as usual, were admirably
represented, Messrs. Keynes, WilUams & Co., nursery-
men, Salisbury, had a first-rate stand of twenty-four

Dahlias, including William Spofforth, Mrs. Cannell,
William Rawhngs, Buttercup, Constancy, Statesman,
Mr. P. Wyndham, Burgundy, Herbert Turner, Prince
of Denmark, Mr. Stancomb, John Wyatt, Prince Bis-
marck, Julia Wyatt, Imperial, Mrs. Dodds, Mandarin,
Mr. Gladstone, a lovely pale flower ; Cardinal, Mr.
Foreman, Lord Chelmsford, and Seedlings ; 2d, Mr.
Thomas Hobbs, Lower Easton, Bristol, whose best
blooms were Sir Garnet Wolseley, Pioneer, Senator,
Mr. Gladstone, Constancy, John Standish, Vice-Presi-
dent, Prince of Denmark, Joseph Green, Mary Nesbit,
and Henry Walton. In the class for twelve varieties,
Mr. George Humphries, Kingston Sanlley, Chippenham,
was ist, with fairly good flowers, his best blooms being
Mr. G. Harris, John Ashby, William Rawlings, Charles
Lidgard, Goldfinder, and Georgiana ; 2d, Mr. Geo.
Horsell, Bathwick. With twelve fancy varieties, Messrs.
Keynes & Co. were again ist, staging very fine blooms
of Gaiety, Rebecca, James O'Brien, Rev. J. B. M. Camm,
John Forbes, Miss Annie Melsome, a beautiful white
tipped variety on a yellow ground ; Chorister, Frederick
Smith, John Saunders, Professor Fawcett, Parrot, and
Mons. Chauvi^re, 2d, Mr. George Humphries, whose
best flowers were Mrs. Saunders, Egyptian Prince, John
Lamont, Polly Sandell, Fanny Sturt, and Florence
Stark. The best seedling DahUa was Fancy General
Gordon, clear yellow flaked with pale red : very bright
and effecdve, good centre, petal, and outline. In addi-
tion to the money prize awarded in this class, a First-
class Certificate of Merit was also given to this flower.
The best twelve single Dahlias also came from Messrs.
Keynes & Co., and comprised very good blooms of
Mauve Queen, Negress, Althea, Evening Star, Defiance,
Hero, John Cowan, Paragon, and Bertha. 2d, Mr. A.
A. Walters, florist, Bath, with White Queen, Defiance,
Beacon, Distinction, Terra Cotta, Imogene, and Mauve
Queen, as his best flowers. In addition Messrs. Keynes
& Co. set up stands of the scarlet and white Cactus
Dahlias, and also bunches of charming bouquet Dahlias,
not for competition.

Roses. — These were wonderfully well shown for the
season and time of the year. With twenty-four varieties,
single blooms. Messrs. G. Coohng & Son, nurserymen,
Bath, were ist with CMmence Joigneaux, Felicien
David, Red Gauntlet, Comtesse de Sereneyi, Marie
Baumann, Captain Christy, Marquis de Castellane,
Duke of Connaught, La France, Comtesse d'Oxford,
Gloire de Dijon, Charles Darwin, Earl of Pembroke,
and Dupuy Jamain as the leading blooms. 2d, Mr. J.
Mattock, nurseryman. New Headington, his leading
flowers being Mad. Pitord, Baroness Rothschild, Star of
Waltham, Xavier Olibo, Devienne Lamy, Prince Arthur,
Marechal Niel, Pierre Notting, Duke of Albany, Anna
Ohvier, and Baron Gonella. Mr. Mattock had the best
twelve trebles, staging good examples of Madame
Eugenie Verdier, Xavier Olibo, Louis van Houtte, Marie
van Houtte, Marie Baumann, Innocente Pirola, Cather-
ine Mermet, and A. K. WilUams. 2d, Messrs. G.
CooHng & Son, with Marie Verdier, La France, A, K.
Williams, Duke of Teck, Gt^n^ral Jacqueminot, Madame
Eugenie Verdier, and Comtesse d'Oxtord. 3d, Messrs.
Cross & Steer, nurserymen, Salisbury. In the amateur
class for twelve Roses the competition was so close that
Mr. J. Davis, Wilton, and Mr. G. Campbell, gr. to
W. T. P. Budd, Esq., were placed equal ist ; Mr.
Thomas Hobbs being 2d. Mr. Budd had the best six
blooms.

Miscellaneous Flowers. — Cut spikes of Gladioli
were remarkably well shown, Mr. ]. Wheeler, nursery-
man, Warminster, being ist with a fine lot, such as
Omar Pacha, Dr. Lindley, James Watt, Nobilis, Mrs.
Randall, Mrs. Matthews, &c. ; Mr. W. T. Daley, nur-
seryman, Yeovil, was 2d, also with a good lot. Asters
were wonderfully well shown for the season, Mr. A. A.
Walters, of Bath, taking the lead with some grand
varieties, both quilled and flat-petalled. Hollyhocks
were very good indeed, and so were Verbenas.

Table Decorations.— In the fruit tent were the
table pieces composed of fruit and flowers, and all
staged were very good, the best arrangement coming
from Mr. H. S. James, gr. to A. Laverton, Esq. ; Mr.
M. Hockings bemg 2d. Mr. James also had the best
centre-piece without fruit, Mr. Hockings being again 2d.
Mr. Wakeman had the best bouquet — a very good one in-
deed ; Mr. W. C. Drummond being 2d. There were also
memorial wreaths, button-holes, and collections of wild
flowers collected in the neighbourhood of Trowbridge —
all very good indeed.

Fruit.— The fruit tent was less attractive tl-an usual
on this occasion, owing to the absence of Mr, Thomas
King, of Devizes Castle Gardens, who did not show on
this occasion, in consequence of probable changes in the
proprietorship of this charming demesne, and who has
for years past taken high honours with fruit. On this
occasion the best collection came from Mr. A. Miller, gr.
to W. H. Long, Esq.. M.P., Rood Ashton, Trowbridge,
who was far away ist, with excellent examples of Black
Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes, Bellegarde and
Royal George Peaches, Hunt's Tawny and Downton
Nectarines, Jargonelle Pears, Morcllo Cherries, Con-
queror of Europe and Best of All Melons — a well balanced
lot ; 2d, Mr. W. G. Fisher, Batheaston, who had fine
Black Hamburgh Grapes, Peaches, Pears, Pines, Apri-
cots, Nectarines, Plums, &c. ; and Mr. James Hall 3d.
Mr. H. S. James had the best two bunches of black
Grapes, staging well finished Black Hamburghs ; Mr.
Wakeman being 2d. Mr. Wort had the best two
bunches of white Grapes, staging Buckland Sweetwater ;
Mr. H. Applegate coming 2d with the same variety.
Melons, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Pears, Apples,
Cherries, and other fruits were all well shown, cuhnary
Apples being a leading feature.

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

281

Vegetables. — It is impossible in a limited space to
detail the excellent exhibilion of Vegetables seen on this
occasion, probably one of the very finest of the year.
Vegetables are shown by all classes, including market
gardeners, and ihey were as fine in quality throughout
as they were numerous. In the class for a collection of
nine varieties of vegetables, there were something like a
dozen colleciions, and the judges mubt have had con-
siderable ditficuUy in selecting the best out of so much
that was good. Generally the collections were shown
in raised round baskets, the contents neatly set up, and
among them were very fine Cauliflowers, Tomatos,
Artichokes, Onions, Marrows, Peas, Broad Beans,
Carrots, Turnips, Potatos, &c. Everything was shown
clean and in the best condition, and all the exhibitors at
fully understand the art of staging to the best
Trowbridge, gardeners and cottagers alike, appear to
advantage. One of the most interesting sights was the
class for a basket of various kinds of Potatos shown by
cottagers. Generally they were shown in huge flat boxes,
the various sorts placed in Unes on their ends and kept care-
fully covered up before being exposed to view for the judges.
In one box I counted something like thirty-four dis-
tinct varieties, averaging from six to ten tubers each, and
generally of large size and excellent quality. The leading
varieties in this collection were Queen of the Valley,
White Elephant, Reading Hero, Covent Garden Perfec-
tion, Prizetaker, Purple Ashleaf, Woodstock Kidney,
Vicar ol Laleham, Hundredfold Fluke, Reading Russet,
Beauty of Hebron, Wonderful Red Kidney, Red
Emperor, Schoolmaster, Scotch Blue, Porters Excelsior,
Matchless. Manhattan, First and Best, and Scammel's
Glory. There were several classes for single dishes of
Potatos, with large quantities in each. Among the best
samples were Vicar of Laleham, Radstock Beauty,
Blanchard, International Kidney, Lye's Favourite.
Beauty of Hebron. Red Emperor, Reading Russet,
Woodstock Kidney, -Ashleaf, Grampian, and Pride of
Annerica. Carrots were a study, because so handsome
and rich in colour ; the Intermediate and Long Surrey
types were especially fine. Parsnips were long, sym-
metrical, and very handsome. One could hardly have
imagined such Peas could have been produced so late in
the season, as fresh-looking and covered with the delicate
bloom one sees early in July. The varieties were Tele-
phone, Sutton's Reading Hero, Stratagem, Veitch's
Perfection, Duke of Albany. Culverwell's Giant Marrow,
Ne Plus Ultra, British Queen and Dr. Maclean. Dwarf
French Beans, Cabbages, Turnips, and Onions were as
perfect as one could well desire to see them : the highest
quality prevailed throughout.

Miscellaneous Exhibits. — Messrs. Keynes & Co,
staged a number of bunches of pompon Dahlias, among
them such fine sorts as Darkness, Dora, Peasant Girl,
Fanny Weimar, Royalty, Golden Green, Coquette,
Northern Light, White Aster, The Khedive, Sappho,
Guiding Star, and Isabel, also some very fine blooms of
crimson and white Cactus Dahlias. Messrs. Cross &
Steer, nurserymen, Salisbury, had boxes of cut flowers
of Clove Carnations, The Governor, Lady Ashhurton,
and Gloire de Nancy— all excellent white varieties of
great value for cutting from. A Correspondent.

Hastings and St. Leonards Floricultural
and Horticultural : Aniusi 20. — The annual ex-
hibition of this flourishing Society was held on
the above date, and the committee of management
have every reason to congratulate themselves on
the successful issue to which they have brought this
year's exhibition. This Society has usually held the
show in the Warrior Square Gardens, which are un-
doubtedly well situated lor visitors, but far too limited
for an extensive display combined with a comfortable
promenade. On the suggestion ol one or two members
of the committee, application was made for and consent
readily obtained to hold this year's show in the Alexandra
Park Gardens. These grounds are, perhaps, rather re-
moved from the busy and fashionable parts of the town,
but are more picturesque and in every way suited for a
flower show. In the formation of the Alexandra Park
Gardens, every advantage had been made of most of
the natural surroundings ; the grounds extend for a con-
siderable distance up a pretty valley with well clothed
hills on either side, affording excellent space in the lower
ground for ornamental sheets of water. Doubts were
expressed by some as to whether the distance would
deter many visitors from attending, but as the after-
noon wore on these were all dispelled, and the gate
money, we have heard, has exceeded any previous year's
takings. The show on this occasion was exceedingly
strong in stove and greenhouse flowering plants, not
merely from one or two of the principal growers, but from
many rising exhibitors in the district. We never re-
member to have seen a better or more fresh lot o! flower-
ing plants staged at any show, even in the early summer.
Larger specimens would be found at the metropolitan
and other extensive exhibitions, but a better cultivated
collection could hardly be brought together than was to
be seen in competition for the prizes offered in the
four classes provided by the schedule on this occasion.
For eight plants in flower Mr. Gilbert was ist, with an
unusually good lot, carrying an abundance of bloom.
Erica semula, Statice imbricata var. Gilbertii, Dipla-
denia amabilis, Allamanda nobilis, Bougainvillea glabra,
and Rondeletia speciosa major, all being fine specimens,
ad, Mr. Portnall, gr. to Sir A. Lamb, BarL, Beauport,
near Hastings, who staged a lot that run the other close,
consisting of Dipladenia splendens. very fresh ; Lapa-
geria rosea, with fine blooms ; Clerodendron fallax,
having ten spikes ; whilst in the 3d prize collection was
an exceedingly well bloomed Kalosanthes cocclnea, with
fine heads of bloom. In the class (or six plants there
were two excellent collections, the ist prize being taken

by Mr. Dennis, gr. to C. Woodroofe, Esq., Silverhill,
amongst his plants being Vallota purpurea in unusually
fine health, with nearly fifty spikes of extra strength, and
individual blooms very superior, and a grandly coloured
and well grown plant of Kalosanthes coccinea superba,
with a freely flowered Pougainvillea glabra. 2d, Mr. J.
Green, The Gardens, Oakwood, Ore, in whose collection
was another well done Kalosanthes and Clerodendron
Balfourianum. very fresh. Two more classes limited to
gardeners and amateurs also brought forth plenty of
competition, Messrs. Dennis and Portnall both showing
well in these — Dipladenia boliviensis, in the lattergrower's
collection of six, being a capital plant ; Mr. Dennis again
having strong plants of Bougainvillea glabra and a
Kalosanthes, both in good condition. For eight fine-
foliage plants.— 1st, Mr. Gilbert, with Braheafilamentosa,
very healthy and fresh ; Kentia Forsteriana being good
plants, Dicksonia antarctica having a clean head of
fronds ; Phormium tenax variegaiuni, and a pretty
plant of Croton Johannis were his best plants,
and making a good collection. 2d, Mr. Portnall —
in this class staging a lot of robust growing plants that
promised to do much future service ; 3d, Mr. Dennis,
his lot having a remarkably fine plant of Areca sapida
in most robust health. Mr. Gilbert was again ist with
eight Ferns, staging fine plants of Adiantum F'arleyense.
A. tenerum, and Balantium culcita. In a smaller lot of
plants that took the 3d prize was an unusually well-done
plant of Adiantum concinnum. which, as seen in this
case, was most attractive. Collections of six plants,
foliage and flowering, were also shown ; the chief exhi-
bitors, whose names have been already given, took the
lead here also. Specimen plants, both for foliage and
for flower. — 1st, Mr. Gilbert ; in the former case with a
splendid specimen of Cycas revoluta, and in the latter
class with his variety of Statice, well flowered. A good
plant ol Caltleya crispa, having seven spikes, but not a
first-class variety, took the 2d prize in the same class.
Fuchsias were shown in excellent condition, the plants
being in nearly every case well furnished with flowers
and foliage down to the pot. From Mr. Portnall, who
took 1st place, came good examples of Mrs. Lye and
Alba- coccinea. Zonal Pelargoniums formed a most
attractive feature in the large marquee, and likewise
brought out good competition. For double kinds. — ist,
Mr. Gilbert, with dwarf sturdy plants, well flowered ;
Candidissima plena, a fine white ; Madame Thibaut,
Madame Leon Dalroy and K. V. Raspail being the best.
For single sorts Mr. Portnall was ist, with very fiorifer-
ous examples ; Emperor, a dark scarlet, with immense
trusses, was very fine in this collection. In the
class for six Ericas three collections were shown,
the plants being generally of medium size, but in
excellent health and well flowered— ist, Mr. Gilbert.
The arrangement of the plants in the large tent is worthy
of notice, the Fuchsias being the only plants of any size
that were placed on stages. On one side of these were
arranged the fruit shown in the open classes, and on the
other some small plants, thus forming a narrow line
down the centre. Around the sides were grouped the
other plants in classes already noticed — a fine effect was
thus obtained from each end of the tent. In another
marquee were the classes containing plants in compe-
tition for prizes offered in the division open to amateurs
and gardeners only ; these were in nearly every case well
filled up with good examples of cultivation.

The Fruit classes, especially in the first division, were
well filled, and contained many meritorious examples.
For a collection of eight dishes, ist, Mr. Goldsmith, of
HoUanden, his strong points being black and white
Grapes, Williams' Bon Chretien Pears, and Brown
Turkey Figs. In the class for black Grapes Mr. Allen,
gr. to Sir Thomas Brassey, K.C.B., Normanhurst Court,
took the ist prize, with three splendid bunches, fine in
berry and well finished ; 2d, Mr. Goldsmith, with good
examples. In white Grapes Muscat of Alexandria was
shown of extra good colour, the hot weather having
evidently suited the finishing up of this kind. Mr. John-
stone, gr. to the Marchioness of Camden, and Mr.
Allen took the prizes in the order named. In any black
class, Black Prince, from Mr. Paine, gr. to R. W.
Weeks, Esq., Tun bridge Wells, was an easy isL For
Nectarines three of Mr. Rivers' raising took the prizes.
Humboldt, from Mr. Portnall, was ist — these were fine
fruit ; Lord Napier, from Mr. Goldsmith, was 2d ; and
a dish of Victoria won the 3d prize. In Peaches a fine
dish of Noblesse took the 1st prize, these being shown
by Mr. Hilton, of Silverhill. I-.ord Suffield Apples,
from Mr. Gilmour, The Gardens, Seacox Heath, Hawk-
hurst, were fine samples of their kind. The Irish Peach
in the class for dessert Apples, from Messrs, Woollard,
Cooksbridge, near Lewes, took the 1st prize. Tomatos
were very finely shown by Mr. Gilmour and Mr. Barham.
twelve from the latter grower weighing collectively
6 lb. 14 oz., Stamfordian being shown in each instance.

Collections of Vegetables were exhibited in remark-
ably good condition, as also were Potatos ; for the former
Mr. Foster, of Ore, was ist, with a good assortment ; in
the latter Porter's Excelsior was finely shown by Mr.
Gilmour, and Lapstone by Mr. Sutton, gr. to W. B.
Young, Esq., were an excellent dish of clean tubers.
The committee wisely encourage exhibits from cottagers,
and the produce shown bore evidence of superior cultiva-
tion in nearly every case.

Table decorations were provided for in two classes,
Mrs. Gilmour taking ist in that open to ladies only;
whilst Mrs. Bishop, of Croydon, took a corresponding
position in the open class with three stands of very light
and well finished arrangement, Mr. Gilbert following
closely with a selection of choice flowers, securing the
ist position as well with a pretty bouquet. The same
exhibitor was also ist with a box of twenty-four varieties
of cut flowers, in which Heaths and other flowers of
superior quality were strongly represented. For cut

Roses Mr. Slaughter, of Sleyning, took three ist prizes,
showing Tea-scented kinds in very good condition.
Other flowers were not strongly shown in any of the cut
flower division ; with this exception all departments were
remarkably well represented. J. H.

Shrewsbury Horticultural : August 20 andz\»
—This important Society has this year added another
to its long list of successful exhibitions. As those who
have had an opportunity ot seeing the shows held here
are aware, the committee from the first provided an un-
usual amount of attractions external to the extensive dis-
play of plants, flowers, fruit, and vegetables, which goto
make up the horticultural exhibition, and which, it is
scarcely needful to say, could never alone have attracted
the vast crowds of visitors that for two days throng the
grounds, and thus provide the promoters with the means
of yearly adding to the attractions, which, we under-
stand, are to be still further increased in the horticultural
department another year — a wise proceeding, the result
of which will doubUess be an accession of still more
distant exhibitors. In extent the exhibition was similar
to what it has been now for several years, the liberal
prizes of ^^25, ^20, and ^15, offered for twenty
plants, brought out three exhibitors, whilst the other
leading classes for stove and greenhouse plants,
Palms, P'erns, Heaths, &c., were well represented.
Zonal Pelargoniums, shown in fairly natural form,
not twisted and tied down in the unsightly way
that has done much to render unpopular no incon-
siderable number of the best plants in cultivation, are
here always forthcoming in unusual condition. One
other matter deserving of mention is the way in which
the staging arrangements are here carried out, not alone
in disposing of the plants in a manner that gives the best
effect, but the competing collections are so defined that
the judges have no difticulty in making out each.

In the open class for twenty stove and greenhouse
plants, half of which must be in bloom. Mr. Cypher,
Cheltenham, was well in front with a fine collection,
noticeable in which were Erica Austiniana, nearly 5 feet
through : Allamanda nobilis, the best deep yellow of all
the Allamandas ; Rhododendron Duchess of Edinburgh,
bearing thirty large, highly coloured trusses of bloom—
this is one of the most telling of greenhouse plants for
decorative use, as well as for exhibiting, that can be
grown for this time of the year ; with these was a finely
bloomed Slephanotis, Clerodendron Balfourianum, large
and full of flower— associated with a good lot of fine-
foliaged plants they make up a telling group ; 2d, Mr.
Tudgey, Waltham Cross, who had some good flowering
specimens, amongst them being Erica Eweriana superba.
a fine bush 5 feet in diameter, nicely bloomed ; E.
Aitoniana, AnthuriumScherzerianum, with large spathes ;
along with Crotons and other fine-leaved plants. Mr.
Roberts, gr. to E. C. Glover, Esq., Leek, was 3d, with
a creditable group, the best of which were Dipladenia
splendens, D. amabilis, and a large bush of the pure
white Tabernseraontana coronaria fiore-pleno ; with
which were some well-grown Palms. Nine stove and
greenhouse plants, flowering and fine-foliaged. — ist,
Messrs. Pritchard & Sons, nurser^-men, Shrewsbury,
who, in a nice collection, had a medium-sized Ixora
coccinea, bearing fine heads of flower ; Allamanda
Schottii and Lapageria alba, nicely bloomed ; with
Kentia Fosteriana and other ornamental-leaved kinds ;
2d, Mr. Thurtle, gr. to J . L. Burton, Esq. .
Longner Hall, who had a pretty group, in which were
well flowered plants of Bougainvillea glabra and Plum-
bago capensis ; 3d, Mr. J. Farrant, gr. to Mrs. Juson,
Monklands. Cape Heaths.— These were shown in nice
condition, ist, Mr. Cypher, for six, medium-sized speci-
mens of Erica aamula, E. MacNabiana, E. Irbyana, E.
Shannoni, E. ampuUacea vittata, and E. Fairreana ; 2d,
Mr. Tudgey, who amongst others had here another
large specimen of E. Eweriana, well flowered ; E. in-
signis, and E. Hartnelli ; 3d, Mr. Roberts, whose best
plants were E. jasminiflora alba, and E. Marnockiana.
For nine Ferns. — ist, Mr. Cypher, who had a nice group
in fresh condition ; 2d, Mr. Thurtle, who also
had a well grown collection. Six Ferns : these
also were nicely shown. Mr. Farrant was ist, his best
plants being Cyathea meduUaris, Dicksonia antarctica,
and Adiantum cardiochlasna ; 2d, Mr. Lambert, gr. to
Colonel Wingfield ; 3d, Messrs. Pritchard & Sons. Six
hardy Ferns.— ist, Mr. Harding, with a nice half-dozen ;
2d, Mr. Burr. In this class several collections were
staged, consisting wholly or in part of newly made up
potsful of plants, which, as a matter of course, did not
receive any award. Dracaenas. — With six Mr. Lambert
took the lead, staging large plants, the best of which
were D. Baptisti, D. Guilfoylei, and D. Henderson! ;
2d, Mr. Roberts, with smaller but nicely grown examples ;
3d, Mr. Shephard, gr. to the Misses Bannerman.
Caladiums were large and well furnished with healthy
foliage. The ist prize for six was awarded to Messrs,
Pritchard & Sons ; 2d, Mr. Farrant ; 3d, Messrs.
Pritchard & Sons, all having well grown plants.
Begonias.— ist, Mr. Shephard ; 2d, Mr. Oakley, gr. to
the Rev. |. H. E. Charter. Coleus.— Of six Mr. Shep-
hard was the only exhibitor, taking ist, with tall pyra-
midal plants. Palms.— For the best six, 1st, Mr.
Cypher, with a very fine lot, containing Pritchardia
pacifica, Kentia Belmoreana, and K. Canterburyana ;
2d. Mr. Tudgey, also having a very good
half-dozen, medium in size ; 3d, Mr. Roberts.
Fuchsias were indifferently represented, both as to
numbers and quality, Mr. H. Owen being the only exhi-
bitor of six varieties, and taking the ist prize. Zonal
Pelargoniums, six double varielies.—With these Messrs.
Oldroyd & Son. Shrewsbury, were the winners of both
ist and 2d prizes, their best specimens being candidis-
sima, Asa Gray, Sanspareil, Madame Thibaut, and
Wonderful ; 3d, Messrs. Pritchard. Six single zonals.—

282

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

Here again Messrs. Oldroyd & vSon were ist and 2d,
with large, healthy plants, profusely flowered ; 3d,
Messrs. Pritcdard. Three double Pelargoniums (ama-
teurs).—ist, Mrs. L. Biird ; 2d, Mr. H. Owen. Four
Petunias (amateurs). — ist. Mrs. L. Burd ; 2d, Mr. G. J.
Fox. Three Begonias (amateurs). — ist, Mr. H. Owen ;
2d and 3d, Mrs. L. Bard. Three Fuchsias (amateurs),
—ist, Mr. H. Owen ; 2d, Mrs. L. Burd. Four Ferns
(amateurs). — Here Mr. |. Brown, Bridgnorth, took the
ist, Mr. H. Owen the 2d prize. Dinner-table plants
were very well shown, light, airy, and not too large.

Groups of plants arranged for effect were a conspicuous
feature in one of the principal tents, Messrs. Pritchard
& Sons winning ist and 2d prizes with nicely arranged
groups, in which few flowering plants were used, the
requisite colour being obtained by coloured leaved
plants.

Cut Flowers. — Roses were in fair condition. For
twenty-four single trusses, ist, Messrs. Perkins & Sons,
Coventry ; 2d, Messrs. F. & A. Dickson, Chester.
Eighteen Roses, single trusses. — ist, Mr. Barrington,
Ludlow, with a nice stand ; 2d, Mr. S. Garner. Thirty-
six Dahlias.— ist, Mr. W. Shaw, with nice flowers,
moderate in size ; 2d, Mr. E. Wright. Twenty-four
Dahlias.— ist, Mr. W. Shaw ; 2d, Mr. E. Wright.
Twelve single Dahlias, three blooms of each. — ist. Messrs.
Jones & Sons ; 2d, Mr. A. Myers. Thirly-six spikes
of Gladiolus.— ist. Mr. W, Shaw. Eighteen Gladiolus.—
isl and 2d, Mr. Lambert. Bride's bouquet. — ist, Mr.
Cypher, who had a beautiful example ; 2d, Messrs.
Jones & Sons. Ball bouquet. —ist, Messrs. Perkins &
Sons. Stand of cut flowers. — ist, Messrs. Jones &
Sons, with a light, elegant arrangement. Bride's
bouquet (amateurs).— ist*. Mr. J. Townscnd. Ball
bouquet (amateurs).— ist, Mr. J. Townsend, Jun.

Fruit. — For a collection of nine dishes, Mr. Purser,
gr. to |. Watson, Esq., Berwick House, Shrewsbury,
was 1st, his best being Muscat of Alexandria and Black
Hamburgh Grapes. Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots ;
2d, Mr. Lambert, whose collection contained Black
Hamburgh and Muscat ot Alexandria Grapes, and a fine
dish of Barrington Peaches ; 3d, Mr. Kennedy, gr. to
Sir C. R. Boughton. Six bunches of black Grapes,
three varieties.— With these Mr. Wallis, gr. to the Rev.
W. Sneyd, Keele Hall, Staffordshire, took the lead,
having Biack Hamburgh, Black Alicante, and Muscat
Hamburgh, all ui nice condition ; 2d, Mr. Milner, gr.
to the Rev. J. D. Corbet, who also had Black Ham-
burgh, Black Alicante, and Muscat Hamburgh. Three
bunches oi black Grapes.— ist, Mr. Lambert, who
had nice bunches of Black Hamburgh, well finished ;
2d, Mr. Beattie, with Gros Guillaume ; 3d, Mr,
Purser, with Black Hamburgh. Four bunches of white
Grapes, in two varieties. — ist, Mr. Boddey, gr. to Vis-
count Boyne, Burwarton Hall, with nicely furnished
Muscat of Alexandria and Royal Vineyard ; 2d, Mr.
Wallis, who staged Muscat of Alexandria and Duke of
Buccleuch, the last with large berries, and free from the
least speck ; 3d. Mr. Milner. Three bunches of white
Grapes.— 1st, Mr. Purser, with Muscat of Alexandria,
well coloured ; 2d, Mr. Boddey, who also had the same
variety. Two bunches of black Grapes (amateurs). — ist,
Mr. R. B. Phillips, with Black Hamburgh ; 2d, Mr.
Lea. Two bunches of white Grapes (amateurs).— ist,
Mr. Lea, who had good bunches of Foster's Seedling ;
2d, Mr. G. Burr, with Muscat of Alexandria. Dish of
Peaches.— With these Mr. E. Wright took the lead,
having excellent Harringtons ; 2d, Mr. WaUis, with
Galande, beautifully coloured ; 3d, Mr. Lambert. Dish
of Nectarines.— 1st, Mr. Daws, gr. to F. St. B. Slade,
Esq.; 2d, Mr. Wallis; 3d, Mr. Kennedy. Dish of
Apricots.— ist, Mr. Daws ; 2d, Mr. Milner. Twelve
Piums, light coloured.— 1st, General Jenkins; ad, Mr.
Hardie, gr. to W. St. J. Hazeldine, Esq. Twelve Plums,
dark coloured.- ist, Mr. Farrant ; 2d, Mr. Purser.
Green-fleshed Melon.— ist, Mr. T. M. How ; 2d, Mr.
Purser. Scarlet-fleshed Melon. — ist, Mr. Pearson, gr.
to Lord Berwick, Attingham Hall ; 2d, Mr. H. Owen.
Dish of Cherries. — ist, MissE. Coles ; 2d, Mr. Edwards,
gr. to Sir F. C. Smyth, Acton Burnell.

The Devon and Exeter Horticultural : Aug,
22. — The summer exhibition of this Society was held in
Exeter, on the public grounds of Northenhay, kindly
lent for the occasion by the Mayor and Town Council.
The weather was all that could be desired throughout
the day. The exhibits were pronounced superior as
regarded plants, fruit, and vegetables, to anything seen
at a previous exhibition of this Society. Many new
competitors came forward, and from a distance, which
says much for the returning popularity of the Exeter
meetings. The glorious sunshine, of which we have had
an abundnnce this summer, had clothed the fruit with so
much colour that the Peaches, Nectarines, Apples, &c.,
that adorned the tables o( fruit, presented a most hand-
some display rarely witnessed. The silver cups, two of
them value ;^5 5^. each, were the means of attracting
many competitors in the fruit classes ; the Grapes shown
being of quite unusual excellence. Mr. Locke, gr. to
B. W. Cleave, Esq., Newcombes, Crediton, carried away
ist prize in most all the classes for stove and green-
house plants — his specimen plants, without exception,
being remarkably healthy and skilfully grown. We
were glad to notice a few rising plant growers, who on
this occasion staged excellent specimens, which says
much for the future of the Society's exhibitions
being well represented. Messrs. Lucombe, Pince
& Co., as is their custom, again favoured the
Society with the loan of a grand collection of plants
occupying a stage nearly 1 00 feet in length. Beautiful
Palms, ot such kinds as Kentia Fosteriana, Latania bor-
bonica, Seaforthia elegans, Cocos Weddelliana, Cycas

revoluta, &c., formed the bnckground, their graceful
foliage overhanging specimens ol Allamandas in variety.
Stephanotis, Dipladenia Brearleyana, exceptionally well
flowered ; Ixora Colei being especially well flowered.
Orchids in variety, and Ferns, both stove and greenhouse
varieties, interspersed. Boxes of pompon and single
Dahlias, Phloxes, and Niphetos Roses were also staged
in fine condition by the firm. Messrs. Veitch & Son
contributed a choice collection of plants and cut flowers.
Some boxes of cut flowers of double Begonias were
magnificent examples of the perfection this class of
plants are now made to produce ; their boxes of Dahl-as
and Roses were very fine. The photographs of the
rockwork which the firm have executed in different parts
of the country occupied a prominent position in this
collection. Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co. exhibited,
not for competition, boxes of Niphetos and Mar^chal
Niel in splendid form ; also boxes of Teas in variety, the
best being Marie van Houlte, Prince Prosper d'Arem-
berg. Red Safrano, Madame Lambard. and C. Mermet.
Mr, Walters exhibited nearly twenty boxes of Roses in
variety, also of great merit— almost as fine blooms as in
the early part of the season ; the Mar^chal Niel box
was really grand.

Open classes for cut flowers.— Twenty-four Roses, dis-
tinct.—Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., of Torquay,
were ist, with a capital lot of blooms, considering the
season being so much against them ; 2d. Captain
Christy, Sidmouth. Forty-eight Dahlias, double, dis-
tinct.— ist, Mr. J. Nation. Taunton ; 2d. Curtis, Sand-
ford & Co. Forty-eight Gladioli, distinct.— ist, Mr. S.
Dobree, with a splendid lot of fresh blooms. Twenty-
four bunches cut blooms, distinct.— ist, Mr. Rowland,
gr. to W. Brock, Esq., Parker's Well House, Exeter;
2d, Mr. G. Locke.

For ten stove and greenhouse plants in flower Mr.
Locke staged a grand lot, a magnificent and profusely
flowered Dipladenia Brearleyana, with Ericas remula,
good ; tricolor Wilsoni and Fairreana ; Lxora Duffii and
Williamsi— the last-named grandly flowered ; Allamanda
Hendersoni, Dipladenia amabilis, Stephanotis, and Cle-
rodendron Balfourianum. This collection was placed ist,
and richly deserved the distinction. Mr. Teed, gr. to
Mrs. Ensor, The Bungalow, Topsham Road, Exeter,
was placed 2d, with a very creditable lot of plants, con-
spicuous being his beaulilully flowered Ixora Williamsi.
For six stove and greenhouse plants in flower Mr. Row-
land took ist. Mr. Locke also took ist for nine stove
and greenhouse fohage plants. Included in this collec-
tion were Alocasia Tliibautiana and intermedia, Cycas
revoluta, Crotons Williamsi, splendidly coloured, and
Weismanni. Areca lutescens, Latania borbonica, Ence-
phalarlos villosus ampliatus — unfortunately this season
throwing up three spikes of flowers instead of an addi-
tional whorl of leaves, otherwise this plant would have
been a grand feature in this collection. Mr. Locke was
likewise awarded the ist prize for the following subjects :
— For nine Lycopods, for twelve British Ferns, for spe-
cimen stove plant in bloom, for specimen greenhouse
plant in bloom. Erica obbata purpurea, 5 feet in diameter ;
for stove or greenhouse foliage plant, this being a fine
specimen Gleichenia speluncse 6 feet in diameter ;
for specimen Lycopodium, and for specimen
stove Fern, with Davallia Mooreana, very fine.
In Mr. Locke's collection of stove and green-
house Ferns a Nephrolepis davallioides furcans,
8 feet in diameter, was splendid, as also a specimen
each of Gleichenia rupestris glaucescens, and Davallia
Mooreana, nearly the same proportions ; a fine Cyathea
dealbata. and Adiantum trapeziforme. Mr. Locke also
took the;{,5 cup given by the exhibitors, for a micellaneous
group of plantsarranged for effect, on a stage 20 by 5 feet :
the centre plant was a beautiful specimen of Cocos Wed-
delliana; other Palms, of smaller sizes, of Phoenix, Cocos,
Geonomas, were used very effectively among the flower-
ing plants, as also the fine-leaved Eulalia japonica varie-
gata. Vallotas, Eucharis, and Gloxinias were among the
principal flowering plants used ; these were raised to
allow of a groundwork of Ferns, Adiantum cuneatum
principally. The whole made up a very skilful and
effective display. Mr. Rowland was placed 2d, notice-
able in his collection was a Cocos Weddelliana, a fine
specimen, of distinct habit from any other ever seen by
the writer, of most graceful and drooping habit : his col-
lection comprised similar plants to the first. Mr. Row-
land was also awarded ist for six stove and greenhouse
foliage plants, with fine specimens of Crotons Andreanus
and Disraeli, and Cycas revoluta. Mr. Teed took 1st
prize for a miscellaneous group of plants arranged on a
stage 10 feet by 5 feet. His display included plants of
Cocos and Geonomas, small Crotou angustifoHus,
Amaryllis, Ixoras, Vallotas, Eucharis, Ericas, and Bou-
gainvillea, with pots of Dactylis glomerata variegata and
Isolepis, arranged around the front.

In the classes for cut flowers, confined to amateurs,
Mr. Nation and Mrs. Hart were placed ist and 2d
respectively in the classes for twenty-four Dahlias, double,
twelve fancy Dahlias, and twelve single varieties distinct.
For twelve Juarezi or Cactus Dahlia, Mr. J. H. Morris
was ist. tor twelve Roses, distinct. Captain Christy
was 1st. Mr. Selway 2d.

Fruit Classes.— Six bunches of Grapes, distinct
varieties, 5 guinea Silver Cup, presented by the ex-Mayor
(S. Jones, Esq.).— 1st. Mr. Pike, gr. to the Rev. H.Clark,
Exmouth ; he had splendid examples of Black Ham-
burgh, Black Alicante. Muscat Hamburgh, Muscat of
Alexandria, Duchess of Buccleuch, and Madresfield
Court. Mr. Seeward, gr. to Sir H. Davie, Creedy Park,
Crediton. 2d, with good fruit ; Mr. Geeson, gr. to I-,ord
Haldon, Highly Commended. For collection of fruit,
ten dishes. — Mr. Igguldcn. gr. to ICnr! of Cork, ist, with
splendid Madresfield Court and Black Hamburgh Grapes,
Barrington Peaches, Jargonelle Pears, Moor Park Apri-
cots, Brown Turkey Figs, Pine-apple Nectarines, Early

Orleans Plums, and Blenheim Orange Melon. Mr. Bull*
gr. to Sir Redvers Buller, 2d ; a very fine Smooth Cayenne
Pine told well in his collection. Mr. Powell, gr. to the
E^rl of Devon, 3d. One Pine-apple. — 1st. Mr. Bull.
Three bunches of Black Hamburgh Grape?. — ist, Mr.
Teed, very fine bunches of good colour ; 2d. Mr. Street,
gr. to Col. Walrond (the President of ihe Society).
Three bunches of Muscat of Alexandri.'. — ist. Mr.
Barnes, gr. to T. C. Daniels, Stood^igh Court,
Tiverton, with very fine fniit ; 2d, Mr. Geeson.
Three bunches any other sort, black. — ist, Mr. Ben-
more, with Lady Downe's variety, in good condition.
Three bunches any other sort, white.— ist, Mr. Ben-
more, with Buckland Sweetwater; 2d, ^'r. James, gr.
to Sir John Walrond, with Foster's Seedhng. Nine
Peaches, one sort. — ist, Mr. Underdown, gr. to Sir
John Kennaway, with Vcitch's Dynicnd ; 2d, Mr.
Sedgely. gr. to Lord Coleridge ; equal 2d, Mr. fames.
Nine Nectarines. — ist. Mr. Powell. D* wnton variety ;
2d, Mr. Leach, gr. to John Drew. Fsq., Kenton.
Melon, white or green flesh. — ist. Mr. Southey, gr. to
Lieut. -Colonel Saville, Dawlish ; 2d. ^■^. James ; 3d,
Mr. T. Turner. Scarlet- fleshed Melon.— ist, Mr. Bull ;
2d, Rev. L. T. Potter ; 3d. Mr. Street. Nine Apricots,
—ist, Mr. Locke ; 2d, T. Rowe ; 3d, Mr. Mairs, gr. to
Sir J. Shelley. Nine Figs.— rst, Mr. C. Gidley. Nine
Apples, dessert.— ist, Mr. Teed ; 2d. Mr. G. Benmore ;
3d. Mr. J. H. Pinder, all Irish Peach in the prize col-
lections. Nine Apples, kitchen. — ist. Mr. Underdown ;
2d, Mr. T. Rowe ; equal 3d, Captain Greatwood and
Mr. E. A. Sanders, Lord Suffield variety being that in-
variably staged, and in large numbers. Twelve Plums,
light coloured.— ist. Rev. F. Yarde ; 2d, Mr. G. Ben-
more. Twelve Plums, dark colour- d. — ist, Mr. Lang,
gr. to Lord Poltimore ; 2d, Mr. Seeward. i lb. ot
Cherries. — ist, Mr. James ; 2d, Mr. Powell, i lb. of
Red'Currants.- ist, Mr. Powell, with La Versaillaise ;
2d. Mr. Solman. i lb. of While Currants. — ist, Mr.
Powell; 2d. Rev. L. F. Potter, i lb of Gooseberries.
— ist, Mr. James ; 2d, Mr. Solman. i lb of Raspberries,
—ist. Rev. L. F. Potter.

Vegetables. — The collection of twelve kinds of
vegetables for which the prize of ;^3 was offered by
Lucombe, Pince & Co., drew for'h very strong competi-
tion. Mr. Leach secured 1st pnze, his collection com-
prising Duke of Edinburgh Ci cumbers, International
Kidney Potato, very fine Autrmn Giant Cauliflower,
Veitch 's new Intermediate Cariot (a decided acquisition
among Carrots), Long White Marrows. Turnips. Tomatos.
Scarlet Runners, very fine Giant Madeira Onions, Tele-
phone Peas, some very excell' nt Sulham Prize Celery.
Equal 2d, Mr. E. Sparkes and Mr. A. Barnett ; 3d, Col.
Troyte. Collection of six kinds of vegetables. — ist, Mr.
Barnes ; 2d. Mr. W. Gibbings ; 3d, Mr. Sedgely. Col-
lection of Salad. — 1st, Col. Trryte ; 2d, Mr. James.

Table decorations of cut flcwers confined to ladies. —
ist, Miss Hariman ; 2d, Mrs. Cove ; 3d, Miss Sims.
Wildflower decorations. — ist. Miss Osmond ; 2d, Mrs.
A. MaxweU ; 3d, Miss C. M. K. MaxweU. D. C. P.

Reading Horticultural : Aug. 21. — This, though

called the autumn, is in reality the summer show of the
Society, and on this occasion 1 he permanent showgrounds
within the Abbey ruins were crowded with exhibits of
plants, fruit, and flowers, while a supplementary tent was
necessary to accommodate the large number of vegetables
shown in competition for the handsome special prizes
offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Mr. C. Fidler, and
Messrs. Webb & Sons. It was one of the best exhibi-
tions held for many yeais, and the entries were so
numerous that considerable difficulty was experienced in
finding space for the many subjects. As usual, the
Forbury Gardens were open to visitors, and they are
now in great beauty, under the superintendence of Mr.
W. Phippen, who also arranges the exhibits in the
Abbey ruins.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — In the class
for nine varieties, Mr. J. F. Mould, of Pewsey, was isi,
with the collection shown at Trowbridge on the previous
day ; 2d, Mr. Hale, gr. to C. H. May, Esq., Devizes,
who had good exanip'es of Allamanda Hendersoni. A.
uobilis. Dipladenia nmabilis, D. Brearleyana, Stalice
purpurea, RougainviUea glabra, and Ixora Dixiana ;
3d, Mr. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Southampton.
In the class for four plants, Mr. W. Lees, gr. to Mrs,
Marsland, White Knights, Reading, was well ahead
with fine examples of Bouganvillea glabra. Ixora
Williamsii. Cassia corymbosa. and Rondeletia speciosa ;
2d, Mr. Mortimer, gr. to Major Storer, Purley Park.
The best exampleofa specimen stove or greenhouse plant
was a fine example of Lilium speciosum roseum, carrying
many spikes of flower. This came from Mr. Bridge, gr.
to J. F. Hall, Esq. The best specimen new or rare
plant was a fine example of Croton Eyrei, a spiral form
of C. angustifolius. shown by Mr. C. Ross. gr. to C.
Eyre, Esq., Weiford Park, Newb\iry ; Mr. Mould
coming next with Croton Thompsoni. Other flowering
plants comprised Lilies, L. tigrinum splendcns. and ihe
double variety. L. auratum. and L. speciosum, all very
well grown. Cockscombs were very fine, and Rilsams
also, indeed tho latter are always very good at Rending.
Achimenes were in good condition, the best six plants
coming from Mr. Mortimer, who had Frau Brunnow,
Ambrose Verschaffelt, longiflora major, violacea, coccinea,
and Margnrelta ; Mr. Wills was 2d.

Ornamental-I'Ouaged Plants.— In the class for
six plants there was an excellent competition, and Mr.
Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Bassett, Southampton, was
placed ist, with admirably grown examples of Cycas
revoluta, Alocasia melallica, A. Lowi. Latania bor-
bonica, Croton Queen Victoria, and Dasylirion aero-

August 30, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

283

triclium ; 2d, Mr. Mortimer, gr. to M.ijor Storer, Purley
Park, with a very good Croton Wcisinaniii, Alocasia
Thibautiana, A. macrorhiza variegata. Pandanus Vcitchii,
and one other. Two equal 3d prizes were awarded to
Messrs. Mould and Hale.

Palms.— Mr. Wills alsb h.id the best three Palms,
staging capital examples of Kentia Fostcriana, Areca
lutescens, and Verse ha flTeltia splendida ; ad, Mr. Elliolt,
gr. to J. Hibbcrt. Esq., Maidenhead w 10 had Latania
borbonica and Cocos VVeddclliana, very good.

Ferns.— In the class for six specimens Mr. Mortimer
was 1st. with a good lot, consisting of Alsophila auslra-
lis, Dicksonia antarctica, Adiantum cardiochlcisna, A.
cullratuni, Davallia Mooreana, and D. bullala ; 2d, Mr.
Wills, whose leading plants were Dicksonia antarctica,
Microlepia hirta cristata, and Davallia Mooreana ; 3d,
Mr. Hale. In the class for four Ferns Mr. W. Lees was
ist, with excellent examples of Adiantum gracillimum,
A. Faileyense, Gymnogramma pulchella, and .-Xsplenium
bulbiferum ; 2d, Mr. Durman, gr. to J. W. Workman,
Esq., with smaller but nice clean specimens.

Fuciisi.'Vs. — These were shown much better than we
have seen them at Reading for some time past. Mr. G.
Hale, gr. to C. H. May, Esq., The Elms, Devizes, was
ist, with an excellent lot of plants, but damaged by
reason of the long journey ; the varieties being Miss
Lye, charming, Doels' Favourite, and Vainqueur de
Puebla. 2d. Mr. Bright, gr. to P. Karslake. Esq., with
Mrs. Bright, The Hon. Mrs. Hay, Mrs. T. King, and
Mrs. King. Two equal 3d prizes were awarded.

Groups Akranged for Effect. — These are always
a prominent feature at Reading, and on this occasion as
many as eight were staged. Mr. W. Phippen, Oxford
Road Nursery, was a good ist. with a group showing
excellent taste both in the selection and arrangement of
the plants. Mr. W. Lees and Mr. Wills were equal 2d ;
Mr. Woolford, gr. to A. Palmer, Esq., Reading, and
Mr. Sumner, gr. to J. H. Millard, Esq., Reading, being
equal 3d. Three extra prizes were also awarded,
so effective a features did these groups make.

Some very good specimens of Colcus were staged both
by Mr. Mortimer and Mr. Sumner, well-grown and nice
bright-looking plants. Mr. Mortimer was isl and Mr.
Sumner 2d with zonal Pelargoniums, the ist prize lot
showing excellent management ; Messrs. Wills and
Asbby were to tlie fore with variegated-leaved varieties.
Mr. Sumner was the only exhibitor of tuberous-rooted
Begonias, a very creditable lot, of good quality. Mr.
Wills had the ist prize for a good lot of Selaginellas
though they were not up to the mark of the extra fine spe-
cimens seen at the Reading shows a few years ago. Mr.
Ross, gr. to C. Eyre, Esq., Wellord Park, Newbury,
had the best six table plants — a well-balanced and effec-
tive collection, followed very close by Mr. Pliippen.

Cut Flowers.— Dahlias. — In the class for eighteen
blooms Mr. J. Tranter, an amateur cultivator, of Upper
Assenden, Henley-on-Thames, was in excellent form,
being 1st, with capital blooms of Mrs. Gladstone (new),
a perfect light Dahlia, of great delicacy and beauty —
awarded a First-clas5 Certificate of Merit ; Prince of
Denmark, Ovid, Rev. J. B. M. Camm (self), James
Vick, Revival, William Rawlings, Burgundy, Modesty,
J. N. Keynes, Joseph Green, Sunbeam, &c. 2d, Messrs.
[. Chenl & Son, Crawley, Sussex, whose best flowers
were George Rawlings, Constancy, Alexander Cramond,
John Wyatt, Christopher Ridley, and Sunbeam. Mr.
Tranter also had the best twelve fancy varieties, the lead-
ing blooms being Grand Sultan, John Lament, Queen
Mab, Summertide, Mrs. N. Hall, and Flora Wyatt ; 2d,
Messrs. J. Cheal & Son. The last-named had the best
twelve bunches of single Dahlias, staging a remarkably
good lot, consisting of Edith, White Queen, Negress,
Juno, Formosa, a rich orange- scarlet seedling — awarded
a First-class Certificate of Merit ; Paragon, Acquisition,
Pantaloon, Lucy Ireland, Rosebud, &c. 2d, Mr. God-
frey, gr. to A. C. Rothery, Esq., Bagshot, with a good
lot of ftoivers, but unnamed.

Roses. — The best eighteen varieties came from Messrs.
J. Cheal & Sons, who had nice bright blooms of Emile
Hausberg, Fran9ois Michelon, Alfred Colomb, Abe! Car-
ri^re, Beauty of Wallham, Madame Victor Verdier.
Duke of Connaught, Reynolds Hole, Mardchal Niel, and
Senateur Vaisse, &c. 2d, Mr. Gardener, gr. to Miss
Watson Taylor, Headington, Oxford, who had nice
flowers of Madame Eugenie Rivier, Etienne Levet, La
France, A. K. Williams, Charles Lefebvre, Duchess of
Bedford, Boule d'Or, and Marie van Houtte. Mr.
Gurden also had the best twelve varieties, consisting of
A. K. Williams. Dupuy Jamain, Innocente Pirola, Marie
van Houtte, La France, Baroness Rothschild, and
Marie Finger, ^c. \ J. S. Strange, Esq., Aldermaston,
2d ; and R. C. Mount, Esq., Ealing, 3d,

Miscellaneous Flowers. — Mr. Phippen had the
best nine herbaceous Phloxes, closely followed by Mr.
Gurden. Mr. Wills had the best dozen blooms of French
Asters : Mr. Phippen taking the 2d place, Mr. Elliot had
the best twelve German quilled Asters ; Mr. Munday,
nurseryman, Basingstoke, taking 2d prize. Cockade
Asters were somewhat poor. Mr. E. Jones, nurseryman,
Henley-on-Thames, was ist with good spikes of Gladioli,
Mr. Phippen being 2d. Some excellent double Zinnias
were shown by Mr. Munday, Mr. Elliott being a good
2d. Mr. Phippen's eighteen bunches of flowers w«re veiy
good indeed, mainly hardy specimens, but fine bunches
admirably set up ; Mr. Clark, Moor Park, Famham,
being 2d with a tridal bouquet, also with button-hole

bouquets. Mr. Pliippen was awarded ist prizes for
excellent exhibits.

Table Decorations. — These arc always a charming
feature at Reading, and three most elegant pieces are
shown for relatively two prizes. On this occasion Miss
Phillips, Abbots Walk, Reading, was ist ; Miss
Phippen, 2d, and Miss Hathaway. Calcot, 3d. The
three vases of wildflowcrs were charmingly done. Miss
N. Cole, Crown Street, Reading, being ist ; Miss
Howes, Reading, 2d ; and three oilier prizes were
also awarded to ladies. The bcit basket of sweet-
scented flowers came from Miss Phippen, Mrs, Wells,
Reading, being 2d.

Mr. T. S. Ware, of Tottenham, sent, not for com-
petition, stands of single and double Dahlias. Messrs.
James Veitch and Son, Chelsea, several boxes of
beautiful Roses, and Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, cut
blooms of Dahlias and hardy flowers.

Fruit.— The exhibition of fruit at Reading is always
looked forward to with considerable interest by gar-
deners and others about the district, and on lliis occasion
it was very attractive and good in all respects. There
was an excellent competition in the class for eight
dishes. Mr. Goodman, gr. to C. Hammersley, Esq.,
Bourne End, being placed ist with excellent Alicante
and good Foster's Seedling Grapes, but a little over-
ripe ; Dagmar Peaches, Spencer Nectarines, both excel-
lent in colour and size ; Pears, Plums, Melons, and
Figs. 2d. Mr. Wells, gr.to E. Ravenshill, Esq., Wink-
fi-ld, with fair Black Hamburgh and white Muscat
Grapes, a good Melon, Apricots, Peaches, Plums, and
Morello Cherries; equal 3d. Mr. Howe, gr. to Sir R.
Sutton, and Mr. Cakebread, Rayner's Penn, the former
having fair Black Hamburgh and Muscat Grapes, very
good Pine, Nectarines, Melons, Cherries, .S:e. In the class
for six dishes, Mr. Ashby. gr. to W. Fanning, Esq., wlio
for years past has maintained an excellent reputa-
tion as a fruit grower, was ist with very good
Black Hamburgh and Muscat Grapes, Stiriing Castle
Peaches, Pine-apple Nectarines, Melon, and Figs—
a very good lot; 2d. Mr. J. Turton, gr. to John
Hargreaves, Esq., Maiden Erleigh, with unfinished
white Muscat and fair Madresfield Court Grapes,
Eiuly Louise Peiches, Ehuge Nectarines, Melon, and
Pears ; 3d, Mr. Booker. There was a capital display of
Black Hamburgh Grapes shown in three bunches, and
here Mr. Ashby maintained liis old superiority, setting
up very large bunches, the berries good, but not quite
perfect in their colouring ; 2d, Mr. Osborn, gr. to the
Rev. H. G. Palmer, Sonning, with smaller bunches, a
little better coloured ; 3d, Mr. Howe, who had well
finished bunches, a little small in the berry. With three
bunches of black Grapes, any other kind, Mr. Ashby
\vas ist, with very good Madresfield Court ; Mr. Lockie,
gr. to Lord O. Pilzgerald, Oakley Court, Windsor, 2d,
with well coloured Alnwick Seedling; and Mr. Wells 3d,
with Cooper's Black, the bunches nicely coloured. Mr.
Ross, gr. to C. Eyre, Esq., Wilford Park, had the best
three bunches of white Muscats, staging very good
examples of Bowood ; 2d, Mr. Ashljy, wit'T Muscat of
Alexandria ; 3d, Mr. Cakebread, Rayner's Penn, with
the same, but a little unripe. In the class for any other
white Grape a somewhat weak exhibition appeared.
Mr. Lockie was placed ist, with Buckland Sweetwater,
wanting in finish ; Mr. Wells being 2d, with smaller
bunches of the same a little better coloured.

Peaches were largely and finely shown. Mr. Mortimer
was ist, with good Royal George ; Mr. Ashby being 2d,
with only just inferior specimens of the same variety ;
Mr. Osborn coming 3d, with good Noblesse. Mr. Good-
man had the best six Nectarines, staging excellent Mil-
ton ; Mr. Osborn coming 2d, with Pitmaston Orange ; and
Mr. Ashby 3d, with Victoria. The best dish of Nec-
tarines carae from Mr. Read, gr. to F. Wilder, Esq.,
Purley Hall ; Mr. Wills being 2d ; both with fine Moor
Park Melons. Figs, Plums, dessert and cuhnary Apples,
&c., were all well shown for the season.

Messrs. Carter & Co., Holborn, London, offered
special prizes for the best brace of Model Cucumber ;
Mr. Lockie being ist, and Mr. Mortimer 2d, with excel-
lent fruit. The same firm offered prizes for the best
brace of Blenheim Orange Melon, Mr. Lockie and Mr.
Mortimer taking the same positions in this class also.

Vegetables. — These were a fine feature ; they were
numerously shown and the quality exceptionally good,
the handsome special prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, Messrs. Webb & Sons, and Mr. C. Fidler,
bringing in each case a spirited competition. Messrs.
Sutton & Sons' prizes were for nine distinct varieties of
Potatos, nine tubers of each, and there were eleven col-
lections. Mr. Ilott, gr. to Major AUfrey, Wokefield
Park, Ascot, was ist, with finely finished examples of
Vicar ot Laleham, International, Prizetaker, Woodstock
Kidney, Reading Russet, Life Guard, a handsome
kidney, blotched red and white ; First and Best, Fifties,
Annie, and Adirondack. 2d, Mr. Ross, with a fine lot ;
3d, Mr. Elliott. Mr. C. Fidler, Potato merchant, Read-
ing, also offered prizes for nine dishes of Potatos, and
here Mr. Ross was ist, with an excellent lot, consisting
of Mr. Bresee, First and Best, M.P., a seedling in the
way of Chmax; Fillbasket, Prizetaker, Vicar of Laleham,
Reading Russet, Fenn's Perfection, and Princess of
Wales. 2d, Mr. Elliott ; 3d, Mr. Ilott. Eight collec-
tions competed. Messrs. Webb & Son's special prizes
brought ten collections of six dishes of vegetables, Mr.
N. Kneller, gr. to M. Portal, Esq., Basingstoke, being
ist, with Giant Rocca Onion, International Kidney
Potato. Cauhflowers, Carrots, Ne Plus Ultra Peas, and
Beans ; 2d, Mr. Howe, with a very good lot also; 3d,
Mr. Lockie.

Tomatos, Potatos, Cauliflowers, &c., were all very
finely shown, the highest quality being characteristic of
the exhibits generally.

©bttitaiB.

Henry T5onN. — The dentli, in his Sglh year,
of Mr. Henry liohn is announced. He will he
longest remembered as a publisher, to wliose insiyht
and energy students of almost all departments of
literature and science owe a d.-cp debt of gratitude.
He was tlie means of placing within their reach scores
and hundreds of volume?, to which otherwise they
could have had no ready access, if .access at all. Mr.
Bohn was a Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society
in its palmy days, and at one time took great and
active interest in its proceedings, and he was to the
last a valued supporter o( the Gardeners' Koyal Bene,
volent Institution. Warm-hearted and impulsive, hi:
feelings were generous and sympathetic. A man of
taste and wide knowledge his appreciation was keen
and singularly varied. As a horticuliutist his garden
at Twickenham wai chiefly remarkable for the large
collections of hardy deciduous ihrubs and Conifers
got together to a large extent in consequence of his
connection with the i<oy,al Horticultural Society and
his Iriendship with the late Mr. Cordon, to the second
edition of whose Pinelnm Mr. Uohn contributed a
valualile app=ndix of popular names, and a series of
references to coloured plates.

CiCARLF.s Rylance. —We regret to announce

the death of Mr. Charles Rylance, in his seventy-
third year, which occurred on the 20th inst. at his
residence, Bold Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire.
By industrious habits he, early in life, saved enough to
purchase a small piece of land, which enabled him to
carry on the business he had so much at heart — that
of a nurseryman. He began by growing Cucumbers
in frames covered with oiled paper (instead of glass),
all of which he made himself. ■ After a little time he
saved enough to buy a small greenhouse, then he
commenced growing plants, and exhibiting them at
the local shows, especially show and fancy I'elar-
goniums. He was also a great lover of florists'
flowers, especially the D.ihlia, fir which he has
obtained hundreds of prizes. We understand that at
the time of his death he had no less than 4000 prize
cards, including 2250 Ist prizes, as well as a Silver
Cup for a collection of flowers in 1S70, a Bronze
Medal for a collection of cut flowers obtained in 1S74,
and later on a Gold Medal for Biiiish Ferns in 1879
at Manchester, not to mention other awards. Mr.
Rylance attended the Liverpool markets for over half
a century, and was the first to introduce the " round
bunch," or bouquet of flowers, to that city. He was a
devoted naturalist from his boyhood, and by shooting,
slufling, and casing specimens of the feathered tribe
found in the neighbourhood he raised means to help
him on in gardening. He was a self-made man
throughout, and never served an apprenticeship to
any business, yet he could turn his hand to anything.
When he became (ully established at Lydiate he soon
found the place too small for his increasing business,
so he bought the present nursery— then a field. There
he carried on business on a larger scale, increasing
year by year, and it was always his aim to add some
little building every year — either outhouse or green-
house— all of which he planned himself, and taught
his own men to do the greater part of the work. To
the last he remained a most entertaining companion,
delighting to dwell on his early triumph: and refer-
ring with pride to the hundreds of prizes he had
obtained at distant and local shows, and to the numer-
ous cases of slulTed birds and insects that adorned his
sitting-rooms, which of themselves formed quite a
little museum. He was a shrewd and honest man of
business, and was hence held in high respect by his
professional brethren. Mr. Rylance was never
married, but he had several nephews and nieces, who
lived with him, and some of whom, we understand,
may perhaps keep on the business.

London : Almosi<heric Pressure.— Viwm'g, the week
ending August 23, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 30 09 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29 96 inches by 3 p m.
on the 17th ; decreased to 29 89 inches by 3 f.M.
on the igih, increased to 30 2S inches by 9 A.M. on
the 2ist, decreased to 30.0S inches by 3 I'M. on the
23d, and was 30.14 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.06 inches, being 0.04 inch higher than last
week, and o.oS inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 84°.5, on August 17 ; the
highest on the 19th was 71'. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 78°. I.

The lowest temperature was 5i°.S, on the 20th ; on
the iSth the lowest temperature was 57°. The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 54 ■ 9-

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
28°. 5, on the 17th; the smallest was l6°.5, on

284

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884.

the 19th, The mean of the seven daily ranges was
23°. 2.

The mean temperatures were— on the 17th, 69°.5,
on the iSth, 67°. 2 ; on the 19th, 6l''.7 ; on the 20th
62° ; on the 21st, 62°.7 ; on the 22d, 66°.i ; and on
the 23d, 6^'.^ ; and these were all above their aver-
ages by 8°.3, 6°.2, o°.8, i°.2, 2°, 5^.4, and 6°.7
respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 65^.2, being
2° 9 lower than last week, and 4''.4 above the average
of [he week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 149°, on the 23d. The mean of the seven
daily readings was 133°. 3.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
wi h its bulb placed on grass was 41°. 5, on the 20th.
The mean of the seven readings was 44°.

Rain. — 0.07 inch fell on the igih.

Kngland : Tempsrattire. — During the week ending
August 23 the highest temperatures were S4^5, at
liiackheath, 82° at Truro and Liverpool ; the highest
at Brighton and Preston 75°, at Bradford 76°. 4. The
general mean was 79^.5.

The lowest temperatures were 44° at Truro, 44°.!
at Nottingham, 44°. 8 at Wolverhampton ; the lowest
at Sunderland was 53°, at Liverpool 52°. 4, at Brighton
52°. The general mean was 48'. 6.

The greatest ranges were 38° at Truro, 36°. 7 at
Nottingham, 35°.! at Wolverhampton; the smallest
ranges were 23° at Brighton, 24° at Sunderland, and
25° at Preston. The general mean was 30°. 9.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Leeds, 7S°.6, at Blackhealh 78°.!, at
Hull 77°.7; and was lowest at Sunderland, 7o°.5, at
Preston 7i°.i, at Bradford 7i°.8. The general mean
was 74°. 3.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Preston, 56°.4, at Brighton S6°.2, at
Liverpool 56° ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
49°. I, at Nottingham 50°. 5, at Truro and Sheffield
51°. 7. The general mean was 53°. 6.

The mean daily range was greatest at Notting-
ham, 25°.4, at Hull 25°. 3, at Wolverhampton 25°;
and was least at Preston 14°. 7, at Sunderland I5".7,
at Bradford i6°.4. The general mean was 20°.7.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
65°.2, at Leeds 64°.9, at Hull 63°.3 ; and was lowest
at Wolverhampton, 59°.9, at Bristol 60°. 7, at Sunder-
land 61°. I. The general mean was 62". 2.

Rain. — The largest falls were 0.29 inch at Bolton,
0.27 inch at Nottingham, 026 inch at Truro; the
smallest falls were 0.01 inch at Hull, 0.05 inch at
Sheffield, 0.07 inch at Blackheath. The general mean
fall was 0.15 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 23 the highest temperature was 78°. 2, at
Leith ; at Greenock the highest was 72°. The
genera! mean was 75°. 2.

The lowest temperature in the week was 45°. 7, at
Dundee ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was
49°. I. The general mean was 47°. 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Aberdeen,
6l°.8, and lowest at Greenock, 6o°.3. The general
mean was 60°. 9.

Rain. — The largest fall was 0.40 inch, at Glasgow,
and the smallest fall was o.oi inch, at Leilh.
The general mean fall was 0.I4 inch. No rain fell at
Edinburgh.

STATE OP THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, August 27, 1884.

>

<

o

Barometer,

TEMPERATtJRE OF

THE Air.

Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions

from

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Edition

Wind.

■<

0

E

Mean Reading

Reduced to

32° Fahr.

Departure from

Average of

18 Jears.

1

5

.3

1

r- >■

III

B
P.
I

a

11"

%

z

Aug.

21
?2

'3
24

25

26
27

In. 1 In.
30.0.? +024
29- 97, +015

9 94 +o<2
2987 +004
29 87 +0.04
29.93 +0 08
29.73 -0 ■

39.91 1+0 08

72 0

Si. I
83.0
S6.C
67.0
4>.o
;8.o

7».«

0 1 .

5S. 017.0

S3 527.5
56 5!'6.5
i!o'33 0
S3 5 13 5
iS.o la.o
io 0 8 0

.-.7
66.1
674
69.6
i8 3
53 3
!3 3

61.5

+ 2.0
+ 54
+ 67
+ 90

- 2.9

- 71

- 7-

52.9

H.8
S6.7
51.9
53-1
48?
46.3

S2.1

70

68
68

-A
83

8j
76

72

W.

E.

W.

V. :
E.S.E.
N.W.
N.W.
N W

N.W

In.
0 00
0 CO
0 00
0.00

0.C3

0.00

0.33

Mean

52.8

19 6

+ I.o

035

Aug. ai.— Mist from early morning till nocn. Fine afternoon,
cloudless at night.

— 22.— Very fine day and night.

— 33.— Dense fog in early morning till 8 30 a.m. Very fine

day and nieht.

Aug 24. — Very fine day and night.

— 25. —Rain in early morning. Dull day. Fine and clear

at night.

— 26.— Very fine mommg. Dull afternoon and night.

-- 27.— Dull morning, rain began to fall at 3 r.M. and
continued till midnight.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Answers to Correspondents.

Cyclamens Flowering all through the Sum-
mer : H. F. R. It is unusual for these tubers to do
so when not unduly excited. They flower when
planted in peat beds in half-shady situations, or when
kept in pots till July, when seed is formed that ripens
in August and September. Presumably your tubers
are several years old. You could repot them soon,
allowing them to start into growth very gradually. A
trifle of bottom-heat would help them, but the present
high temperature of all glass structures is enough for
them as regards top-heat.

Ferns : S. \V. i, Adiantum tenerum ; 2 and 3, Blech-
num occidentale.

FUCHSLV EXONiENSis : W. Divers. The flowers sent
are those of Fuchsia exoniensis, and differ from F.
corallina in many points, F. corallina having a deep
purple-coloured corolla and more reflexed sepals, and
being a deep crimson, and long in the tube ; F. ex-
oniensis deep pink tube and sepals, with light-purplish
corolla.

iN.SEf'T.s : Camjee. The bacon beetle (Dermestes larda-
rius), in various states. — Anon, Larva and small, fat,
inert animals from Nunthorpe are the caterpillar and
wingless females of the common Vapourer Moth,
winch is of a reddish brown colour, now flying about
plenti.'"ully in search of his unwieldy partner.

Lobelias. Herbaceous Varieties : T. S. B. The
best are Queen Victoria and Cardinalis. The foliage
is crimson, and blooms scarlet. They require a soil
rich in humus, and at the same time moist.

Mushrooms: E, V. Liplwok. The fungi sent appear
to be true Mushrooms, but they were in a bad condi-
tion when they reached this office, and soddened with
moisture. Your plants may belong to a bad variety,
or possibly your mode of culture is not right.

Names of Fruits: H. M. H. Apples-, i, Edmund
JLipp ; 2, Irish Peach.

Names of Plants : W. F. Meillotus arvensis. —
J. T. S. Datura stramonium, used in cases of
asthma: poison.— Z). P. 1, Ophiopogon. not recog-
nised ; 2, Amaryllis viltata.— H". H. K. i, Eutoca
viscida ; 2, Verbascum nigrum ; 3. Solidago virga-
aurea ; 4, Kerria japonica. — J. G. W. i, Spartium
junceum ; 2, Adiantum cuneatum ; 3, Campanula
puUa, white var. ; 4, Eccremocarpus scaber. —
E. Ma> sh. Both varieties of Tradescantia zebrina.
The .Selaginella we cannot name from so poor a
specimen.

Nerium Oleander : G. W. Byns. A white form of
Nerium Oleander, not recognised. The French raise
these in great numbers from seed, and there is much
variety in colour and form.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not
to the Editor.

\* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
ivriiien on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

iK^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the Post
Office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Suttom & Sons, Reading— Descriptive Bulb List.
Paul & Son, Cheshunt, N. — Hardy Herbaceous Plants.
F. and a. Dickson & Sons, 106, Eastgate Street,

Chester— Dutch Bulbs.
Carter & Co., High Holborn, London, W.C— Bulbs,

Winter and Spring Flowers.
Watkins & SiMi'SON, Exeter Street, Strand, London,

W.C. — Flower Roots and Bulbs.
Carter, Page & Co.. 53. Lqndon Wall, E.C.— Roses.
|. Mathews, Weston-super-Mare — Pottery, &c,
John Kennard, Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. —

Soils and Sundries.
Edmund P. Dixon, Hull ~ Bulbous Roots, Straw-
berries, &c.
DoBiE & Mason, 66, Deansgate, Manchester— Flower

Roots.
Webb & Sons, Stourbridge— Bulbs.
J. k. Thyne, Glasgow — Bulbs, &c.
Strike & Hawkins, Stockton-on-Tees— Bulbs.
James Don, Nottingham— Dutch Bulbs.
Hartland, Cork— a Little Book of Daffodils.
Jas. Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen— Dutch Bulbs.
w. Smith & Sons, Aberdeen—Dutch Bulbs.
Emil Liebig, Dresden — Azaleas, Camellias, Ericas,

Roses.

arliels.

COVENT GARDEN, August 28.

Supplies heavy ; trade dull. The heaviest consign-
ments from the Continent ever known are now reaching
us, causing a depressed feeling all round. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— AvERAGB Wholhsalh Pricks.

Apples, J^-sieve
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
Kent Filberts, lb.
Lemons, per case.

s.d. s.d.
16-40
10-16
06-30
06-..

10 0-14 o

S.d. s.d.
Melons, each .. 10-16

Pine-apples. Eng.,lb. 60-..
Peaches, per doz, .. 2 o-io o
Plums, J4-sieve .. 4 o- g o

Veghtablhs.— Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz

Asparagus, English,
per ICO

Aubergines, each ..

Beans. French, lb.

Beet, per doz.

Cabbages, per doz. ,

20-40

30-50
04-..
04-..
10-..
I 6

Cai rots, per bun. . . o 6-
CauliHowers, Eng-

It5>h, dozen.. .. 30-40
Celery, per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each ..06-10
Endive, French, per

dozen .. .,26-36

Garlic, per lb. ,. 06- .,

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

PoTATOS.— Kent Regents, &os. to icoi.
lOOS. : Champions, yos. per ton,

Horse Radish, bund. 3
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ,, 1

— Cos, each ,, o
Marrows, each .. o
Mint, green, bunch., o
Mushrooms, p. baskt. i
Onions, per bunch .. o

— Spring, per bun. o
Paisley, per bunch., o
Peas. English, quart 1
Radishes, per d 07, .. 1
Small salading, per

punnet .. .. o

Spinach, per strike.. 2
Tomatos, per lb. .. 1
Turnips, new, bun. .. o

d. s.d,
0-40

o> a o

6- ..
6- ..
9- ••
6- ..
6- ..

4- ■■

Kent kidneys,
Trade heavy.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilon. ta bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Asters, i2buLches.. 3
Buuvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria, 12 spiays o
Carnations, 12 bun. 2
Cornflower, 12 bun. . 2
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis. per doz. .. 2
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . ..2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 6

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 2
— red. 12 blooms., i
Lavender, i2bun. .. 6

d. s. d.

0-40
0-60
0-60

Q- 1 O
4-10
0-60

O- 6 Q
0-60

0-I2 O
6-10

0-30
0-20
0-80

*. d. s. d.
Marguerites. 12 bun. 30-60
Mignonette, la bun. z o- 4 o
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. ..06-10

Pinks, various, 12

bunches .. ..20-60

Primula, double, bun. t o- i 6
Pyrethurm, 12 bun. 20-60
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 4 o< 6 o
Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40

— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60

— coloured, doz. .. 40-90
Stephanoti=, 12 spr. 20-40
Stocks, 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas. 12 bun. 16-40
Sweet Sultan,i2 bun. 20-40
Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-10
White Jasmuie, bun. o &- i o

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vita; (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 40-90
Chrysanih , dozen ..40-60
Cockscomb', doz. .. 26-40
Coleus, vdiious, doz. 20-40
Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracasna term. doz... 30 o 60 o

— viridis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per do^en .. .. 6 o-:8 o

Evergreens, in var,,

per dozen .. .,6 0-24 o
Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o
licus elastica, each 16-70

s. d. t. d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60
Heliotrope, doz. .. 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 o

— paniculata, doz. 12 0-24 o
Lilium longiflorum,

per dozen ..60180

— lai cifolium, doz. 6 0-18 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..80120
Mignonette, per doz 30-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,

each .. .. 3 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

fer dozen .. .. 4 o- g o

— scarlet, per doz . . a c- 6 o
Peiunias, per dozen 30-60
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 40-60
Solaiiuins, dozen ..90150

SEEDS.

London : Ai/fw/ 27.— The seed market to-day, as is
usual at this lirii.5 of the year, was exceedingly quiet.
Some new samples of red Clover seed, both English and
Continental, have been shown, but no business has
resulted. In Trifolium incarnalum there is no change.
New white Mustard is now oflering. Rape seed keeps
extremely firm. Winter Tares are in good supply ;
values have now steadied themselves. Seed Rye con-
tinues scarce. Blue Peas find buyers at last week's
quotations. Feeding Linseed is firm, jfo/tn Shaw &•
Sons, Seed Merchant!, 37, Mark Lane, London, B. C,

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report slates that
the supplies were larger, and meadow hay rather lower
in price than last reported. (Quotations :— Prime old
Clover, 955. to i2or. ; inferior, 60s. to 75J. ; prime second
cut, 90J. to 115^.; best meadow hay, 8oj. to Q8.t. ; inferior,
40f. to 65?.; and straw, 28J. to 361. per load. On
Thursday a rather large supply was on ofler. The trade
was quiet but weak. — The Cimiberland Market report
states that trade was dull, at the following quotations : —
Prime old Clover, looj. to 112/. ; inferior, 60-f. to 751. ;
prime old hay, 8oj. to 92;. ; new, 70;. to 84J. ; and
straw, 30J. to 36J. per load.

CiiMMuNicATioNS Phcfived — R. I> — C. W. D. — E. O. li. —
J. T. — W, J. J.-W. B— Protherce & Moriis.-W. W.-G.
N. (with thanks).

POTATOS.

The Borough and .Spitalfields Markets reports slate
that the supply was good, the demand moderate, and
prices easier. Quotations :— Kent kidneys, Sos. to ions, ;
ditto Regents, 86.t. to r,os. ; Essc.v .Shaws, 6oj. to yy. ;
liaily Rose, 80.1. to 90J. ; Magnum Ronums, 75J. 1090^. ;
Hebrons, 90J. to iios. — The imports into London Last
week consisted of 84 bags and 46 barrels from Boulogne.

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

285

J. BEUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

^Jld LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES

in Wood and Iron.

I Heating Apparatus.

CA TALOGUE.
71'itk Prices, Pat-free.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Eslimates for
every description of HORTICULTUKAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when nece^san*.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWOKK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at i2t, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, t. heapside, E.C.

lUustraied Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

DAV ID LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

AND

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK. EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK.

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

G/irJen Frames and Sashes in Stock.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

>

THREE

MEDALS

SOUTH KEN
SINGTON, .823.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot water
■<^ h>^^\^ Arpaiatus ccmpltte.

IllusUated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, L'ghts, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c., Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.

London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C-

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

DEANE & OO.'S
CONSERVATORIES & GREENHOUSES.

The prices given inclurte ERLCIING CoM PLETE, uith
all necessary bricltwork, &c., within fifteen miUs of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY

2sft. by rsft.

20ft. by i2fL
.£4

Si/e isft. bygft. .. 23ft. by raft.

Price .. £,-\o. .. £i2 ro5.

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size. . loft. by 6fl. ijff. by 8ft. 15ft. by loft.
Price. jCk) lof. ,£23 los. £29 tos.

Proportionate prices fur other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
LOU GH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS. complete as shown,
with t2 ft. of4-in. Hot-water
Pipe, ^4 4 J.

B^;^ The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-

ratus made. It requires

no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and hums more than twelve hours without attention.

Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

I.W1

DEANE &
.l^'s".'), LONDON

CO.,
BRIDGE.

Cucumber Frames.

f) H ALL! DAY and CO. desire to
i'« draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £ ~ ''

2 light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) Pa^t-intr ( 3 'o o

3 light frame. 12 feet by 6 feet ^Ca^es frfe ! 5 5 o
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet i ^^^^^ "^^ ( 10 o o

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and Irammg for
brick pi:s at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAYandCO . Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Woiks, Middleton. Manchester.

TCLfeSSHOUSESSc^EATrnG:

B.W.WAR«U-RST

kJIIGHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.WtSJ

HELLIWELIi'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by His Roy.^I Highness ihe Prince o( Wales.

Banksiaii Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Rooks Re-glazbd. Old Woodwork Covsred.

Plans and Estimates free of charee from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster. S.W.

Oil Paint No LoDRor Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{RtsistereU Trade Mark )

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be applied by an ordinary labouier, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or \s. s3. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimoniai^

** Pierce field Park, June ar, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAU nON. — HwA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. StafTordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

f^FHE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

i BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid, Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economyof Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues. Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted. Price of Boiler

, Heat of and 'set of

^°"2- 4-in. Pipe. Fittings.
A, 19 in. 150 fett £s

B,

3z in.

300 .,

6

■S

C.

24 in.

400 „

8

5

D

26 in.

500 .,

9

ID

E.

28 in.

600 1,

10

15

32 in.

700 ..

5

I ,.

36 in.

850 „

■5

H

42 m.

ICOO ,,

10

1,

48 m.

■250 .,

5

54 in-

1600 „

10

K

60 in

20OO ,,

32

10

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper. &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience : — " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boileis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in ihe end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer : the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. It can
be applied almoit everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of ils name. Price com-
plete. 50 feet size, £i, 15 ; roofeet size, £s 15J.

Iftheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawne.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantains. Rib*
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36*. per cwt. ; 28 lb. tins, loj. ;
561b. kegs, igj. each ; sample tins, 51.. ^s.td. and is.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row, Leeds.

286

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1SS4.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.

MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to o'Jtaiu, witli the least obstruction to lieiit aua sun, the greatest Etrength and Rigidity.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. S-' Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, L O U GH B O K O U GH.

HOSE-HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of qu.nlitv. La-'ts four times as Img as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " 1 have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in u.se Jiine years, and it is now as good as ever.''

Private Cuiioiucrs Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ot

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manui'acturers, 63, l.nng Acre, London. W.C.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAM E-IM PACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Tiade. after Public and formal challengcF,

to be the most economical 0/ fiicl^ (he inostpotuerful, thesitn/ileit,

and t/ii cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., AIRDRIE. N.E.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

Tlie Best

and Quickest

Made.

4-iil. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 3*/. each :

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6df. each.

Price List Oft afifilicatian.

IRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied tn Nurserymen and Seedsnien by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, lo, CaiUoa Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,

Threadneedle Street, E.C : Charing Cross. S.W. ;

Oxford Stiect (corner of Vere Street), W.

FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
I^rge bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milnkk, A.M. Inst. C E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 I'M. Pro9f~:tus and

full particulars on application 10 the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samnles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price 25J
London : BRADBURV, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene
Street, E.C.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMEE.

To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm.

It is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the cultiire of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is Reliable,

because its Editor and Contributors are all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.

It l3 always Seasonable.

because it fore.<.talls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the wrrkof the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It la Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because .ill objectionable and guack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything tliat could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one, of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, 5^. per year, i7icluding foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on New- York or London.

B. E. BLISS &; SONS. Publishers,

34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK, U.S.A.

PARTNER REQUIRED, to extend a
Florist's and Seed Business. Must have some expsri-
ence, and capital not less than ^iqo. — Particulars of H,,
44, Station Street, Siitingbourne, Kent.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars on application to A. B. , Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 4r, Wellington street. Strand, London, W.C.

ANTED, a GARDENER, to go to

Egypt, to Manage a Large Garden near Cairo. Age
about 33, unmarried. Wages 25J. a week, with board and
lodging Good references required. — F. W. HEAD, Milfoid
House, Cobham, Surrey.

WANTED, as GARDENER^a respectable,
middle-aged married man (without any small children),
to take Charge of a Small Furnished House and Grounds in the
Country, during the winter months, and to Live in Entrance
Lodge during the summer. Unexceptionable references re-
quired.—B. YOUNG, Esq.. Howe Green, Hertford, Herts.

ANTED, a GARDENER, where a strong

lad is kept ; no children. A cottage and good wages
to a thoroughly competent man. Must understand Vines,
Peaches, and Tomatos, and be a good Flower Grower. Un-
deniable re'erences required for good management, sobriety, and
honesty. — State all particulars and when disengaged to Mr.
DILLEV, Hatfield Villa, St. Pettr's, Isle of Thanet.

WANTED, for a Nursery at Hampton, a
WORKING GARDENER with good knowledge of
Bulbous Plants, Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants. State
wages and experience. — COLLINS and GABRIEL, 39,
Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

WANTED, a FOREMAN for a Ntirsery in
Wales, with a good knowledge of Nursery Work and
well acquainted with the Propagation of Evergreens and
Conifers. A married man preferred. — Apply stating age, wages
expected, and where formerly employed, to WELSH
NURSERY, Gardeners' Chronicle Ofllce, 41. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a FOREMAN.— Must be a

good Plantsman, and have a thorough knowledge of Fur-
nishing, Table Decorating, &c. Wages, i^s , bothy, milk, &c.
—Apply, giving references, lo A. BARKER, The Gardens,
Adare Manor, Co. Limerick.

Gardener.

WANTED, for one year's service, a PLANT
GROWER and PROPAGATOR, for Cinchona Planta-
tions in Scuth America. Wages ^87 lor., with food, lodgings,
and free ( assag- f'"' n"H bom'". — ■^n !»■. by leH'-r. to JAM KS
VEITCH AND SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W.

WANTED, in a Market Nursery, a young
MAN, who can Pot, Water, and Tie well and quickly,
—State where last employed, wagts reiiuired, &c., or apply
personally to MORLE and CO., 1 and 2, Fenchurch Street, E.C

Shopman or Shopwoman.

PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries, Ches-
hunt, N., REQUIRE the services of a capable, experienced
person as MANAGER of their Order Office and Seeo and Cut
Flower Depot at Liverpool Street Station, London. Experience
in the Retail Trade m Bulbs and Seeds, and the Tasteful
Arrangement of Cut Flowers, as well as of the Window and
Front of the Stall absolutely indispensable. — Apply, by letter
only, stating all particulars, to the above address.

WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN, used
to Seed Trade, with good references. — 14, Tavistock
Row, W.C.

WANTED, a young man, to act as BOOK-
KEEPER and Assist in the Correspondeuce. Must
have done similar work in some good Nursery. — WM. PAUL
AND SON, W^ltham Cross. Heits.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers. — Full
particulars as to experience, wages required, &c., to D. E. F.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, a middle-aged MAN, to take
charge of an old-established Seed Shop, in a Midland
Town. One having a knowledge of the Nursery Busiuess and
able to Bud Roses preferred. A good house, rent-free, pro-
vided.— Apply by letter to E. E,, Hurst & Son, 132, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, for a Florist
and Seed Business, a young MAN, with some experi-
ence in the Seed and Furnishing Departments. To one who
would make himself generally useful in these branches, a per-
manent and progressive situation is offered.— Apply, with full
particulars as to age, experience, wages, S:c., to ASSISTANT,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C,

WANTED, a PACKER, for a Large Pro-
vincial Nursery. — An experienced man, to take full
charge of the Packing and Despatch of all Orders. He must
have a fair knowledge of Plants, so as to be able to check off
goods. — Apply, in own handwriting, with all particulars, to
P. P., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

WANT PLACES.

*»* Gardetiers and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless t/tey have good
reason to know that fie is a responsible man,
li/cely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unlcnown to them, wiili-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John Downih, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ..^50 to ;£ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD S M ITH AND Col
' beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Ntu'series, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (JotiN Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurs-^ries, Garston, are in a position to reconunend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a mau.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married;
thorough practical in all branches, also Land and
Stock. Nearly sixteen ycais' good character from present
employer. — E. C, Godden Green, near Scvenoaks, Kent.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman.— Age4i, married, four children ; eight years'
cha'acter; twenty-one years He <d in large establishmeDt, —
J. K££P, 33, Marsh Koad, Newbury, Berks.

August 30, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

287

GARDENER (Head).— Married, two chil-
dren (youngest 9) ; thoroughly experienced la Eaily and
Late Forcing, Flower and Kiltl.eii Gaidciiing Excellent
references — five years in treseut siiintiou. Ltaving ihiough
pl^ce beinc let— H. ARTHUK. South Street. Godalming.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Cen-
tleni;in requiring the services of a thoioughly C3ii'peici>t
;iiid trustworthy man. — Age 44, man icd ; Scoch. LO'ild
undertake Management ot Land and Stock rf required ; excel-
lent character and references.— W. M., Gardeuer, 13, fc.a^t
Bond Street, Leicester. ^ .

GARDENER (Head); age 34, two children.
— T. NuTTiNt;. HearJ Gardener to H. Hall, E^q . is at
liberty to trent with any Lady or Gentleman icquuinn the
services of a thorough practical man. Eighteen >ears experi-
ence. Well recommended by present employer. — Ihe Gardens,
Manor House, Alton, Hants. _^_^_

GARDENER (Head).— Age ^3, married ;
thcroughly understands every branch ul the prof^;s^lon.
Sixteen years' experience, four in presei.t situati-n ; eslabls-h-
ment being reduced cause of leaving. Good character from
present and pievious employers.— A. HOl L'jWAY, Ouk
Lodge Gardens, Addison Road, KensiugtODt W.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 33 "A Lady
can highly recommend her Head Gaidcner fur a fi sl-
rlass situation. He is a good M.-inngcr, understands Lund and
Stock, as well as First-class Gardening. Active, cn-irgctic. and
trustworthy, and an ab^t.^mer. — Apply, by letter, to Lady
POLLOCK, Halton. Felih.im. ^

GARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
Mr. Ikonmo.nghr. Graisley Hill, Wolverhampton, would
be glad to recommend his late Head Gardtner, wh i is thoroughly
competent to undertake the charge of any Lady's or Gentle-
man s Garden in all its rcq lirements. H.ns had considerable
experience at some of the leading places in England.— 13.
GWYNNE, Railw.iy Road, Alvechurch. near Redditch.

A R D E N E R (Head) ; age 26, married

when suited.— Mr. J. Wakneh, Gardener to Viscount
Midleton, recommends his Foreman, G. Curtis, to any gfntle-
man requiring a good practical Gardener. Good experience in
Plant and Fruit Culture, Forcing, and Flower a;id Kiicl.cn
Gardening. Abstainer. Excellent testimonials and reference.-
Garden House, Peper Harow, Godalming, Surrey.

ARDENErTHead).— Age 28 ; ^^8 given to

any one procuring advertiser a fitst-class siniation
between now and Christmas. Thoroughly experienced and
highly recommended; three years in present siiuiiion as
Foreman. Scotland or North of England prc''erred.— For fu'l
particulars address A. BALFOUR, 135, Fountainbridge.
Edinburgh.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman req^airing a thoroughly practical nun.— Has
had great experience in Laying-out New Gardens and InifTOv-
ing Old ones ; also Early and Late Forcing, and the General
Management of a large Establishment. First-cla^js rtcom-
mendations.— W. H., Mr. Selway's, Iron Gates, Ottery St.
Mary, Devon.

(^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 45, three child-
^ ren (youngest nine years); thoroughly understand.^ all
kinds of Forcing, and the Growing of all kinds of Fruits, Vege-
tables, &c.; also the L.aying-out and Planting of New Grounds,
and the thorough Management of a good Garden. Eleven
years in last situation.— A. B., 35, Rosamond Cottages, Glovei's
Road. Reigate. ^^^

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
three in family ; diseng3ged at Michaelmas. Twenty
years' experience. Highest references, — GARDENER,
Cazenove House, Clapham Common, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34.
Fruit Growing, indoors and out. Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Sic Good recommendations. Wife attend Dairy if
required.— J. CARTER, Hatch, Taunton.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married, no family ; excellent Grape Grower. Florist,
and Kitchen Gardener. Land and Stock if required. — GAR-
DENER, 6, Dale Sueet, Chiswiclc.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 2>3^

married, two children ; thoroughly experienced in ail
branches of the profession. Excellent references. —
GARDENER, Donnington Grove, near Newbury.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33 ;

thoroughly experienced in all branches. Leaving through
p'ace changing hands. Five years' character.— J. F., Eagle
House, Clapham Common, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33;
thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening. Eight
years' good character. — S. B., i6, James Gtove, Commercial
Road, Peclcham, S.E.

G~ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27,
married, 2 children ; fifteen years' experience in all
branches of Gardening. Land and Stock if required- — M. W,
STULLANDS. Ticehurst, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37,
married, Scotch ; twelve years in present situation.
Highest references. Thoroughly experienced in every branch
of the profession.— THOMAS McDONALD, The Gardens,
Ashfield, Grange Loan, Edinburgh.

ARDENER (Head Working), where a

thoroughly practical man is required.— No family ; has
served an apprenticeship and practised sixteen years in well-
known Gardens. Excellent references.— GARDENER, D.
Brown, High Street, Cosham, Hants.

ARDENER (Head Working), where

more are kept. — Married, no encumbrance ; thoroughly
experienced in all branches, under Glass and Outdoors ;
disengaged. — R. WALKLING, Mr. Jarvis, High Street,
Robertsbridge, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
more are kept. — Age 35, married ; thoroughly practical
both Indoors and Out. Twenty years' experience in good
Gardens, including Newsell and Bramham Parks. Five years
in last place.— W. C, Beach Nursery, Southend, Essex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or ni.re aic kept.— Aye 41, ma(ri^d, no children ; ihn-
roii^hU c mpeicnl in alt brarchcs of Gardenii g. liood
cha-actcr given (rom present employer.— W. B., tveileigh
Lodge, Ea;.! Hatnet, Hcits.

GARDENER (He\d Working).— Age 38,
iiiairicd, two ch Uren ; uuderslanHs Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers Stove and Grt cidiuuse Plants, Fa-wer and Kitchen
Gardciiiig. Coid chu.ic:cr.— B. B, Whilly Road, Rye
Common, Hcddcsdon, Heits.

G.-XRUENHR (Head Working), or FORE-
MAN propagator and GKOWEK, in Piiyate
place, (rui Nursery and Florist Business.~Ago 3(. manied;
energetic and wcll-cxperiei.ced man, who particularly undei-
stands Growing and Forcing of Lily of the Valley and all choice
Klonsis' Flowers Fetus. Re — L, M. N , C-ArJen^rs' Chronicle
Oliicc. .\ , Wcllii gion Street, Strand, W.C

C^ ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
T HANum).— Age a6, married; eleven years' practical
experience in all branches. Hieh leference.— G. F,, a. Elm
Terrace, Elm Ko^d, Kingslon-on-Thames.

/^^ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).

VJ —Age 25, married, no children ; ten years' experience in
Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, ^'•.. Excellent
rcfeicuccs,— C W. , 9, Kojack Road, Forest Hill, S.E.

/ ;j.ARDENER. — Age 30, married; thoroughly

VJ urider>tLinds his diilits No objection to Cows. Seven
jear-,' good character. — '1'. S., iS, Palace Koad, Bromley, Kent.

GARDENER, where one or more are kept. —
Age 27, married, i>o fam.ly ; sixteen years' exptrience
in all branches Twoyeais' good character. — £. B., 4, Selling-
court Road, Lower Tooting. S.W.

C^ ARDENER (Flower or Kitchen), where
* two or three are kept. — Age 22 ; four years' good cha-
racter. — H. C. 59, Woodcote Place, Chapel Road, Lo*er
Norwood, S.E.

GARDENER (good SINGLE-HANDED).—
'^S^ W' married ; understands Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. !■ ive years' good character. — E. R., 6, Grafton
Koad, New Maiden, Surrey.

/■:j.ARDENER (good Single-handed).—

V^ Age 32, mairied, no family ; thoroughly understands his
duties; wife assi>.t in house. Good character. — A. HOLGATE,
16, Queen's Rojd, West Chislehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 25,
single ; iii clijociimi to take charge ol Horse and Car-
riage and make himself useful. ExceUeut character. — E.
READER, The Or.inge. El^itchley.

GARDENER (good Single-handed or
Second).— Age 27 ; understands Gardening in all its
branches. Good referecices from late empKiyers. — C.
EDWARDS, ID, Newington Place, Albert Street, Windsor.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or gcod
Second). — Age 2& ; unders:auds Vines, Cucumbers,
Peach, Stove, Greenhouse, and Kitchen Gardening. Four
years' good character from last place, — C. W., 14. St. Thomas'
Gardens Haverstock Hill, N.W.

GARDENER (good Second, or other-
wise), — Age 25, married, no family ; thoroughly under-
stand-; Orchids, Vines, Stove and Greenhousi Plants, Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Can be well rccoinmendc:d. — GAR-
DENER. Pain's Hill. Cohham. Surrey.

a ARDENER (SECOND), in the Houses, in a
good establishment. — Age 22 ; good character. —
H. HARRISON, 9A, Alkh^m Road, Stamford Hill, N.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 23 ; has a
good knowledge of S ove, Greenhouse, Fruit Trees, and
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from present
situation.—C. FlTKlN, Aidershot Park, Hants.

GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-
MAN, Inside or Out, in a good estabIishment.--Age 23 ;
good character from last and previous places.— J. LEE, Nun
Monkton, near Voik.

ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-

MAN in the Houses. — Age 24 ; two and a half years'
good character. — H. H., BLjnhilton Mount, Sutton, Surrey.

ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-

MAN in the Houses, in a good establishment —Age 21 ;
good character. Bovhy preferred.— A. WRIGHT, The Gardens,
West Harding Hall, Thetford, Norfolk.

GARDENER (Under), outside, in a Gentle-
man's establishment, — Age 23 ; four years' experience.
Good character. — .^. W., General Post Office, Lee Green, S.E.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 26 ; four and

a half years' good characier from last place. Abstainer.
— F. J., 47, Alderbtook Road, Balham, S.W.

ARDENER (UNDER)— Age 20; ^1

recommended by present Gardener. Abstainer, — F.
MAVNE, Cuiham Court, Henley-on-Thames. Oxon.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; excellent
recommendation from present employer. Good know-
ledge of both Indoor and Outdoor Work,— J, T., Mr. Lloyd,
Florist, &c, Stourport.

ARDENER (Under), where he could

Improve in Glass Work, — Age 22 ; two years' good
character. Abstainer. — JAMES RAWLINGS, 55, Longfield
Strtet, Merton Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDE'nER~(Under), or IMPROVER'jn
a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden.— Age 21. Indoors
preferred. Good references.— J. A., F. T. Smith & Co., West
Dulwich Nurseries, Suirey.

ARDENER, or HANDYMAN.— Age 23,

married ; used to Painting, Glazing, and Horse, Three
and a half years in present situation. No fault for leaving.
Good references.— A. P., 48, Netherwood Street, Kilburn,N.W.

G

FOREMAN, in a good establishment, or
GARDENER in a small place.— Age 24 : two and a halt'
years as Second in present place. Well recommended. — A. B.,
C. Collins, How Street, New Town, Alton, Hanls.

FOREMAN (Working), or KITCHEN
GARDENER. — Wanted by a Market Gardener, used to
I ondon trade, situatioTi as abjvc. Good Sale<iman. — T. G.
HAWKE, 10, St. M.iry's Crescent, Kingston, Portsmouth.

Ij^OREMAN, in the Houses, in an establish-
ment where Gardenidg is conducted with spirit, especially
Fruit Culm tf.- Aj;i24. Excellent references. — W. G., Messrs.
Gaiaway fit Co., Nurseries, Ciiflon, tliibtol.

OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 26 ; ten

years' good practical experience in the Fiopagating and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches.
Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references. — A. W., Munn,
Stationer, Elgin Road, Maida Vale, W.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and
GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Choice
Flowers for the London Market. Twenty years' experience.
Good references. — X. Y. 2., John Clews, Yeddo Grange,
Lewisham, S.E.

F

To Nurflerymon.

FOREMAN, or FOREMAN and PROPA-
GATOR. — Eighteen years' experience in leading nur-
series ; well verse'J in the Value and Cultivation of General
Nursery Stock. First class references. — M. B., Pilt Down
Nurseries, near Uckfield, Sussex.

NURSERY FOREMAN (Outdoor). —
Thirty years' experience Thoroughly conversant wiih
the routnie of Outdoor Nursery Work. — J. H., 55, Phillip
Street, Bishop Fields, Chester.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER in a
Nursery (indoors). — Yuung ; well recunmended. — W
J. C, Mr H. Bariiei, 417, High Street, Cheltenham.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER (Sofp-
wooded). — Age 24 ; ten years' experience in Pelargo-
niums, Bouvardias, Cyclamen, Lhrysanlhemunis, Hydrangeas.
Dahlias, &c. Good character fiom last place. — J. L., i, Bailey's
Lane, Stamford Hili, London, N.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.—
J. Jefferson, The Gardens, Carlton House, Woiksop,
wishes to recommend a young man who has served under him
for the past two and a half years.

IMPROVER, under a Head Gardener.—
Age 2Q ; can \f: well recommended. Two years in last
situation.— F. ARCHKR, 6, Capworth Stieet, Leyton, Essex.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 17 ; has a
knowledge of Nursery Work; strong and active. Good
references can be had if required. — H. KEMP, Fouldon, near
Brandon. Norfolk.

JMPROVER.- An intelligent youth (nearly 19)
five years' experience indoors and out ; two years' good
chaiacter from present, and three from previous situation.
Bothy preferred — W. SILLS, The Gardens, Shorehaoi Place,
Sevenoaks, Kent.

To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.—
Wanted to place a respectable youth (age 16) with above,
and to live on the premises ; or in a first-class private gardeii
where he c >uld study all branches of Gardening including Fiuit
Glowing. Has had twelve months' good experience. — G H.,
Nor-wood Nmvs Office, South Norwood, S.E.

TO NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and
FLORISTS. —Wanted a situation in above, in the Office
or as Shopman. — Age 25; nine years' experience. Highest
testimonials. — A. W., 109, High Street, Southampton.

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a youth (iS),
a situali'.)n with a Florist, where a small salary wou d be
given to commence with, and a goad opportunity of promotion.
Only been out three months.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough,
Borobridge, near York.

SEED and NURSERY TRADE.— Situation
wanted, by a young man (age 23), with nine years' ex-
perience, Will be di^iengaged shortly. — ALPHA, Gardeners'
Ckronicic Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To the Wholesale Seed Trade.

TRAVELLER or iMANAGERSHIP wanted
by the Advertiser, who has had thirty years' experience
in all branches of the Seed Trade. First-cI iss references — G.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or SECOiND.-Age 23; nine
ye.'\rs' experience in all branches of Seed Trade. First-
class references. — N. J , Mr Sandilands, 2, LiziievUle PJace,
Rutherglen, Glasgow.

O NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and

FLORISTS. — Young Lady requires situation ; has had
nine years' experience in above business. State wages, &c. —
H. M , Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

O FRUITERERS and FLORISTS.—

Young Lady (16) requires situation. Four years' expe-
rience.— State wages, &c., to E. L., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 4T, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLOVVAY'S PILLS. — Sleeplessness,
Flatulency, Acidity. Nausea, and all Dyspeptic indi-
cations may be speedily relieved by these famous Pills, of which
large quantities are shipped to all parts of the World. The
constantly increasing demand for Holloway's Medicine proves
its power over disease, and its estimation by the public. In
Weakness of the Stomach, in Diseases of the Liver, and in Dis-
orders of the System caused by cold or a Sluggish Circulation,
no medicine is so efficacious, no remedy so rapid, as these Pills,
which are altogether incapable of doing mischief. By quicken-
ing digestion they give refreshing sleep, sharpen the appetite,
impart tone to the digestive organs, punfy and enrich the blood,
regulate the secretions, and strengthen the whole physical frame.

288

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 30, 1884,

GARDEN REQUISITES— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Ra£Ga» Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames Si., London, E.C

Under tbe Fatronage of the Queen.

J SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
• STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ol a While MeUl, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says :— " We must ^ive these the
palm before ail other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Ijbel Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Button Street, Liverpool.

B

CABSQN'S FAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

IS.C03 OF THE NOBILITV, GENTRY, AND ClERGV.

Is extensively used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOBK, CONSERVATOBIES,

Greenhouses, Frames.

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Cv/t., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.G. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for Cash.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, ic.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 30 in. by
i^in, aoin. by 1410., 30111. by i6in., 20 in. by i8in., va i6-oz.
and 31-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cuttiog-up
purposes, in 300-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ot 15-OZ. glass in
SCO feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBGE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smlthfield, London, EC.

Stock List and Prices on application Quote Chronicle.

BoBher'B Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone,
very durable atd of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. : King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.
Kingsland Koad, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICfCS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

/^RNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,

/^ fo' Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3r. per square yard upwaids. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Dcsiens, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Giooved and other Stable

Pavine of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

a I L V E R i~A N D,

T f 1 "/"'""..Fu"'? ^ desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
r.ts to any RaUway Station. Samples of Sand free by post
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or FVrne,ie<
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
uantities. '

F. ROSHER AND CO.-Addresses see above
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.

DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS

James Veitch & Sons

DEC TO ANNOUNLR THAT THEV HAVE RECEIVED THEIR ANNUAL SUPPLY OF

HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, TULIP8,and Other BULBOUS ROOTS;

and are pleased to say that they are in exceptionally fine condition.

BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1884

Has now been posted to all our Ciistotners ; any one not Itaving received the same, a duplicate
copy will immediately be forwarded Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

EAELY SPRII^rG- FLOWERII[(} BULBS.

Very Large Selected Roots of

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.
DOUBLE and SINGLE SNOWDROPS, JONQUILS, Ac.
SELECT NAMED HYACINTHS and TULIPS.

Free by Rails or Parcel Post. Descriptive Catalogues free o?i application.

LITTLE & BALLANTYN E,

BY APPOINTMENT, NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN

CABLISLE

K a

?•<

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER,

vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th.

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work
and that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success EUiranleed

in aU cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &o., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers -waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIAL?.

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GREENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

Catalogues and lists post-free on application.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the OlSce, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London W.C.
•v. .-A^ WILLIAM KicHARDS at the Office of Messrs. Bradbuhv. Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
tne said WILLIAM Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. August 30^ i8r

Agent for Manchester— John Hbvwo'od.

Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Mhnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstaljUfiijeli i84i.

No. 558.— Vol. XXII. {ser,!} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1884. (

Registered at the General \ Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. ("poST-FREE, S^rf.

CONTENTS.

^cidium Berbcridis

Apple moth, an . .

AoDies, orohfic . .

Arburicultute in Scotland

Audlcv End

Balsams at flower shows

BiKnoQia radicans ..

Bowc^d

Pul^s

Camparis i^pino^ ..

rereii'i triancularis

Co'onial notes

Dahlias

, single
Pipladeiiia Ellioiti
Dlseas(<; of Giapes and

r,ou>di

Dillon Hark, wall fruits at
F.ower garden, the
Foreign grass and Clover

Crops, the
Forestry Exhibition, the
Forestry

Fianciscea imiflora
Fiuit garden, the hardy

,, supplie"!, our
Fu-giis meetings
Git'llardias
•■ Gardeoing World "
Heat m Norfolk, the
H<-cU6eId Gardens
Horticultural notes in

^u'sia

lD;eciicides

Kitchen garden, the

\-i\i\im neilEherrense

Melville Castle ..

Obiiuiry

Odontospermum mariti-
mum

Oncidiums, cool-house . .

Potato dise.-ise

Potatos. raising new, in
Ireland . .

Root fusi'^n

Smut on Primula 'arinosa

Societies : —

Bath Floral Fc e
Calne District Hoiticul-
lural and Cottage
Garden Society
Chippenham District

Horticultural
Scottish Hotiicultural

Association . .
Sevenoaks Horticul-
tural

Starlings ..

Sugar planting in our
Colonies

Tomatos . .

Vegetables, two new and
distinct ..

Violets

Weather, the

Wireworm among Car-
rots, antidotes and de-
coys for . .

303
lOO
29S
3"

:ioi I

""' \

3'o

2g3

ILLUSTRATIONS.

v'F.cidiiim Berberidls .. 3c8

^pn'eMoih,an ,. .. .. .. .. -. .. 3<^o

Fli wer Garden, Audley End 305

Jthododendrou lepidotiim . . . . . . . . . . 297

Rix)t fusion, Pinus Pinaster .. .. .. ■- .. 301

T

Notice.
HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

NEXT SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13,

WILL CONTAIN A

SPECIAL TELEGRAPH !C REPORT

OF THE

Grand International Horticultural Exhibition.

TO BE HBLD IN

DUNDEE, on SEPTEMBER 11. ij, ai.d i;.
Price s^t Post-free 5!i<f,

May be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents,
and at the Railway Bookstalls,

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

Now Ready, In cloth, 16s.,
'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE. 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 4t, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, ii $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent (or America:— C. H. MAROT. 8t4. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S..\.. to whom American Ortiers may be sent.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington. S W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTERS* MFETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at ii A.M.. on TUESDAY NEXT, lieptember o, in the
Conservatory.

A Special Display of all the different classes and varieties of

DAHLIAS in cultivation will be made by Mr. Charles Turner,

Royal Nurseries. Slough, on ihis occa>inn in the Conservatory.

They will remain on view from SEPTEMBER y to i^ inclusive.

N.E.— Exhibitors* Entrance. West Side of Royal Albert Hall.

LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties »iih Prices on application.
" A Book about Strawbeiries." 3;^.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large
6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price 15^. per
100, free to London. LIST, Trade Terms, &c., on applicaiion.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

J.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, \s. 6 V. each ; L. Wallichianum, is. 6d.
and 3J. 6</ each ; L. polyphyilum. 3s. 6ii. and ^s. 6if. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. All Order < for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post otlice to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH. Kotagiri. Nilgiiis, India.

EW YELLOW^ CARNATION,

" PRIDE of PENSHURST "

A marvellously free bloomer and vigorous Er:)\ver, perfecily

hardy, forces well.

Plants ready about October, Price 51. a pair.

Cash with Order. Trade Price on application.

F. BRIDGER. Penshurst Place, Penshiirst.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and malce
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edeba-iton, Birmingham.

ULB CATALOGUE, now ready, containing

List of Dutch Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocu*^, great variety
of Narcissus, Daffodils, and Lilies, &c. , has been Posted to all
our Customers ; any one not having received same will oblige us
by leiiing us know, when another Copy will at once be posted.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street. St-and, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBuRG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current cl Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, LUles, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
. Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE i.ow ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 23. Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E C.

F'^LORIsrs FLOWERS.— I beg to intimate
that my Grand Collection of PANSIES. PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS, ANTIRRHINUMS. DAHLIAS, Single
and Double, are now in fine flower at my Nursery, Beech Hdl,
near Edmbureh. Inspection invited.
JOHN DOWNIE, Nurseryman, t44. Princes St., Edinburgh.

Established 1860.
V. REES (late Robert Parker) Hardy

Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS,
IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXES. POTENTILLAS,
PJEO'SIES, &c. Silfciions of loo showy varieties from 50J.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S W.

To the Trade.

WM. CROWE begs to offer the following
• BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 6o"s, fit for
shifting into 4S's at occe :— Jasminoides, Humb. corymbiflora,
Alf. Neuner, Dazzler, Queen of Roses. Sec, 22s. 6d. per 100,
£:o per icoo ; or my selection, in eight to ten sorts, aoi. per
100, iig per looo ; President Garfield 'new), double pink, ,^s.
per duz:;n, 285. per loa. LIST of PALMS, FERNS, &c., on
application. Boleyn Nursery. Upton, Essex.

TREE CARNATIONS.— Fine bushy Plants
of Miss JolifTe, A. Alegatiere, Lady Sefton, La Belle,
and others, ^cs. per loo

W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster.

O BE SOLD, CHEAP, in One Lot or
separately:— 500 ROSE TREES. 300 FRUIT. 350
Black and Red CURRANT BUSHES, WaLNUT TREEb,
15,000 BULBS (Narcis.us poeticus).

J. UNDERWOOD, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.

FOR SALE7^8~iarge EUCHArIs AMA'-
ZONICA, t pan CfELOGVNE CBIST.\TA. r is-inch
pnt ZVGOPETALUM MACKAYI, 24 EPIPHYLLUMS,
5-irich pots.
GEO. WILLIAMS and CO., Florists, Upton. Macclesfield.

WISE AND RIDES, FRUIT and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKKTS. BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

^-^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E LC H AND B ARN H A iWL

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFF.RENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ANTED, the following CARNATIONS

snd PICOTEES : state size and price : — Sulphur
King, King of Yellows. Coronation, Eleanor, Empress of
India, Flavins. Lady Biddulpli, Lightning, Ne Plus Ultra,
Princess Beatrice, Princess Marguerite, Venus, W. E. Green-
away, Mrs. G. Hawtry.

H. CANNELL and SONS, Swanley, Kent.

FOUR THOUSAND ADIANTUM
CUNEATUM.— This splendid lot of well grown plants.
in 3j^-inch pits, will be offered at a very reasonable price, in
taige or small quantities, in consequence of requiring the room
for (Orchids. Price and sample on application 10

JAMES SKVRME, Ham Gardens, near Ashbourne, Derby-
shire.

Dutch and other Bulbs

CHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consignment is to hand in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Bulbs of All Kinds.

OUR AUTUMN CATALOGUE, including
many Novelties, is now in printer's hands, and will be
issued 10 our Custome'S at an early date,
N EW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY,LionWalk. Colchester.

New Silver-edged Bedding Gsranlum,

MADAME SALLERAl. — This splendid
variety only wants to be well known to be generally
grown. For lull description see page ai of my CATALOOUt.
Cuttings, is. 6rf. per dozen, 41. per 100, 30J. per 1000.

W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

A Bargain

INDIARUBBER PLANTS, very strong
and healthy, with from 6 to rz— 15 fine cuts fit for propa-
gaiing (rnm, £x6 per 100,

J. VANDb-K SWAELMEN, The Lily Nursery. Ghei,t,
BtlRium.

SPRUCE TREE for SALE, at Doune in
Scotland. 54 feet long- Circumference, 6 feet 7 iochesi.
Side measure, 13}^ inches. Apply by letter, to

V. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C. _^

ROSES in Pots.— All the best New (1S84) and
Old English and Foreign sorts, from \Zs. to 365. per dozen.
These world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satis-
faction. Descriptive LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.

Daffodil, Daffodilly, Daffodowndillies.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, la. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, S:c., this autumn, ihat their
stock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TRUES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicil<-d.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in
pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (s'-me
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and ar« of «vei y
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) tor Climbing and
Bedding, from 12s. to 241. per dozen, strong plants. Desciiptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchanti, Worcester.

SPECIAL OFFER.— The lovely white
summer flowerine CHRYSANTHEMUMS, MADME.
CASELET, and CHARLES V., good stuff, in 4S's, 6r. pirdoz.,
40J. per 100. Cash with order. AH others at low raies.
WALTER WATSON. Higham Hill, Walthamslow. E.

LADIOLI SPIKES, now ready.

Price on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset.

FIFTY THOUSAND AZALEA MOLLIS.
Good plants, showing from 15 to 20 buds, £,i \os. per 100 ;
10 to 15 buds, £.1 15J per loj ; 8 to 12 buds, £^1 los per 100.
Plants ready for forcing in a year's growing, very best stuff, sor.
per 100; smaller ones, 14J per 100. Planted-out Seedlings of
the very best growth, £3 lor. per 1000, ys. 6d. per 100.
Samples sent free f^ London till September 15, 1884.

OvH. BURVENICH-DE WINNE, The Rose and Palm
Nursery, Gentbrugge, near Ghent, Belgium.

TDOMAN HYACINTHS.— Fine sample on

JL\l hand, and arriving. Price on application,

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London. W.C.

INES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, and

APRICOTS in Pots. The leading kmds.
WILL TAVLER, Oshorn Nursery. Hampton. Middlesex.

FOR SALE CHEAP, 30 fine Fruiting
PEACH TREES in Pots.— For names, price, and
description, apply to

W. lACKSON. Blakedown. near Kidderminster.

TrTwBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-

ing varieties, well-rooted, 3^-. per too, free. SCOIT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the most effectual mixture for df-stroying
wasps —JOHN SCOTT and CO., Royal Nurserie-S Merrictt.

STRAWHERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4s. per
100. Plants, in small pots. i6i. per loo ; ditto, in large
pots, 25J- per TOO. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worceslfr.

G

290

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (ne.vt door but one to
Bennitt's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS Irom Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. CaUlogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Brockley, S.E.
SHORT NOTICE.— MONDAY NEXT.
ABSOLUTE SALE. By order of the Trustee in Bankruptcy,
without the least reserve. — Re E. Deoson & Co. In
Liquidation,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are mstructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, Foxberry Road. Brockley, S.E,, near the Brockley
Station, on MOND.AY NEXT. September 8. at 12 o'Clock
precisely, the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including about 5000 Maidenhair Ferns. 2000 Palms of sorts,
Dracaenas, Gardenias, and a variety of other STOCK,
UTENSILS in TRADE, and EFFECTS.

Now on view. Catalogues had on the Premises, of A. W.
BLUNT, Esq.. Accountant. 14, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. ;
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Friday Next.

MASDEVALLIA H.iRRYANA. a grand importation.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
ate instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co, to
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S,
Cheapside. E,C., on FRIDAY NEXT, Sept, 12, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a magnificent imporlatiun ot MASDEVAL-
LIA H.^RRYANA from the same district as the former importa-
tions. and from which so many fine varieties have flowered ;
COMPARETTIA MACROPLECTRON. PILUMNA FRA-
GRANS var. NOBILIS, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM
(Alexandra) of the very best type, CM'TLWYA MENDELII,
C. CITRINA, EPIDENURUM VITELUNUM MAJUS.
&c,, toeether with about too- lots of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, including several very fine pieces.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Great Horticultural Sale Weels:.

IMPORTANT NOTICE to NURSERYMEN and

FLORISTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
beg to call special attention to the following SALES
of HEATHS and other PLANTS, all of which have been
arranged to take place the same week.

Their Sales for this paiticular week will comprise in the
aggregate nearly 8000 lots, and have been arranged in this
manner to enable country buyers to attend them all during the
one visit to London.

Offices and Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Lee, Kent, S.E..

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE.

To commence punctually at 11 o'Clock, in consequence of the

unusually large number of 1140 lots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. B.
Mailer, to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The Burnt
Ash Nursery, Lee, Kent, S.E., adjoining the Leu Railway
Station, on TUESDAY, September 16, at 11 o'Clock precisely,
so coo Wmter-blooming HEATHS, beautiTulIy grown, and well
set with bloom-buds, and which are unsurpassed in the Trade,
comprising : —

7000 Solanum capsicastrum,

well berried
20C0 Adiantuni cuneatum, gra-
cillimum. and Pacotli
1000 Cyclamen persicum
icoo AmpelopsisVeilchii
6000 Bouvardias, including the
double white and
red Alfred Neuner,
and President (jai-
field
2000 Genistas

Maie'chal Niel and other dwarf ROSES: 600 PASSION-
FLOWERS. English grown ; AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS,
double white PRIMULAS, extra strong ;.STEPHANOTIS,
HOVAS, GARDENIAS, and other .Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogue.s may be had on the
Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B. The Auctioneers desire to call attention to this Annual
Sale. The Stock is in unusually fine condition, as in previous
years, and intending purchasers are invited to inspect it.

iS.oco Erica hyemalis
3,coo „ gracilis
1,000 ,, caffra

Large quantities of ventri-
cosa, grandinosa, melan-
thera, and others

Thousands of Erica hyema-
lis in small pots, for grow-
ing on

1000 Epacris

1000 Decorative Palms

1000 Greviliea robusta

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton, E.

UNRESERVED SALE. EXPIRATION of LEASE.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE uf WINTER FLOWER-
ING HEATHS and other PLANTS, by order of Mr.
John Eraser.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton. E-, close to Hoe
Street railway station, on WEDNESDAY, September 17, at
II o'clock precisely (in consequence of there being upwards of
1100 lots), without reserve, many thousands of wintcr-blooming
and other HEATHS, remarkably well grown, including
hyemalis, gracilis, hybiida, candidissima, Parmentiera rosea,
persoluta alb.i. and others ; EPACRIS of the choicest
kinds, 1500 AZALEA INDICA, 2010 CYCLAMEN PERSI-
CUM, iQoo GENISTA FRAGRANS, 400 Double White
PRIMULAS, in 40 and 48 pots; Tea-scented and Noisette
ROSES, SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM in berry, several
hundreds of wtll-grown CAMELLIAS, wsU set with bloom ;
CLEMATIS INDIVISA LOBATA. and other GREEN-
HOUSE CLIMBERS: 1500 early llowering CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS, 200 Marechal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to
10 feet : a large quantity of fine plants oi AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, a variety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS, fine
healthy young plants of LAPAGERIA ALBA and ROSEA
SUPERBA, a beautiful lot nf about 300 ARAUCARIA
EXCELSA. CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, a splendid lot of
variegated IVIES, and other stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tottenliani, N.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, by order of Mr. John Mailer, to
commence punctually at 11 o'Clock, there being upwards of
1200 lots in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The
Brunswick Nur;ery, Tottenham, N. , close to White Han Lane
Station, Great Eastern Railway, on THURSDAY, Septem-
ber 18, at II o'clock precisely, upwards of 1200 lots of remark-
ably well-grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
mostly in No. 4S and 32-pots, and fit for immediate sale, con-
sisting of 20,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS, beauti-
fully grown and abundantly set with flower, including ERICA
HYEMALIS, GRACILIS CAFFRA, ASSURGENS, WIL-
MOREA, and other best kinds.

I 4000 Tree Carnations, best

varieties
I 1000 Epacris

40CO Genistas

loco double while Primulas

50C0 remarkably well berried

Sotanums
1000 handsome Palms
5000 Bouvardias
1000 Grevdlea robusta
5000 well-grown Ferns

500 Ficus elastica, 1000 Euphorbias, 500 Myrtles, large
A/aleas and Camellias for cutting, 1000 Acacias in variety,
msny thousands of small Ericas. Genistas, and Ferns for
growing on, Euonymus ovatus aureus in pot, and many
thousands in stores, Shrubs for potting, and other Stock,

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers aud Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B. — The whole of the stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for flower.

Sidcup. Kent, S.E.
GREAT TRADE SALE
Of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS and other PLANTS,
comprising probably one of the largest Stocks ever oflfered
in one day.

"jVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

-i-'-JL are instructed by Messrs. Gregory & Evans to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Longland's Nursery.
Sidcup (about ten minutes" walk from Pope Road Station, South
Eastern Railway), on FRIDAY, September 19, at 11 o'Clock
punctually, in consequence of there being upwards of 1000 lots,

40,000 WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS,

which are particularly well grown and beautifully set with

flower, consisting of

5,000 Erica hyemalis
0,000 ,, gracilis

4000 Genistas

3C00 Sotanums, well berried

5,Qco ,, persoluta alba
5,000 ., Cavendishi
5,000 „ ventricosa

200O Adiantums
200Q Cinerarias
1000 Double Primulas

and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

N.B. — Messrs. Gregory &: Evans in announcing this, the first
of their Annual Sales, beg to call the attention of the Trade to
their unrivalled Stock of ERICA HYEMALIS, GRACILIS,
ADIANTUMS, &c., as advertised above, the whole being in
unusually fine condition. The Stock will be ctfered in extra
large lots and an inspection is invited.

Brixton.

Five minutes' walk from Loughborough Junction Station, and
only sj^ miles from the City or West End.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. E. DowUng to SELL bv AUC-
EION, on tbe Premises, the Swiss Nursery, Ancel Road,
Brixton, on THURSDAY. September 25, at 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, the beneficial INTEREST mi the LEASE of the NUR-
SERY, comprising Half an Acre of Ground with 7 Greenhouses,
held for an unexpired term of nearly Koity Years at a quit-rent
of only 15. per annum. Also the Interest in the Agreement for
Lease of piece of GARDEN GROUND, siluate in Alington
Place, with 3 Greenhouses. Immediately after the Sale of the
Leases wiil be offered in suitable lots the whole of theGREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, large Camellias and Azaleas. Shrubs,
UTENSILS in TRADE, the remaining HOUSEHOLD
FURNITURE, and other items.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.

Brighton.— Preliminary Notice.

By order of the Executors of the late Mr. rhomas KiUick.
IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nursery. Dyke Road, Brighton, on WEDNES-
DAY and THURSDAY, October 8 and ci, the whole of the
remarkably well grown I^RSERY STOCK, 15,000 Dw.itf
Roses. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOITCUL-
TURAL REQUISITES, three HORSES, and the HOUSE-
HOLD FURNITURE .-ind effects.

Further particulars will appear.

N.B. The valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE
TO BE SOLD. Particulars of the Auctioneers.

Preliminary Notice.

The well known collection of ORCHIDS, formed by

Oscar Lamarche, Esq., of Lit:ge.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions by Oscar Lamarche, Esq..
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and
68 Cheapside, E.C, EARLY IN OCTOBER, his entire
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, which enjoys a reputation
probably unequalled on the Continent.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Gieat Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.. regularly three times a week AS Ai'.oVK.
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6721.)
LARGE and VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38,
King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. by order of Mr. F. Sander.
on THURSDAY NEXT. September ri, a superb lot of
ODONTOGLOSSUM SCEPTRUM.in fine condition : a large
lot of CATTLEYA IMPERIALIS, L/ICLIA ELEGANS,
ODONTOGLOSUM EDWARDl. CATTLEYA INTER-
MEDIA. PESCATOREAS. CATTLEYA ELDORADO
SPLENDENS, in fine masses ; a large lot of CATTLEYA
SUPERl'.A, and many other ORCHIDS,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues li.ad

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6721.)

M15 Cases of ORCHIDS from Brazil, Burmah, &c
R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covem
Gaiden, 'W.C, on THURSDAY. September ,, at half. „, 'I
12 o Clnck precisely, a grand Importation of L.ELIA PUK
PURATA. SI JPHRONITESGRANDI FLORA CATTl KVA
INTERMEDIA, C LEOPOLDI, C. GRanVjIS Vmci
DIUM CRISPUM. DENDROBES of sorts. CCELOGYNtS
CYMBIDIUMS, &c. -j-i-uoy tMts,

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-CSalc No. 67^^)

SACCOLABIUM, supposed new species.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38 King
Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT
September 11, an importation of a grand SACCOLABIUM*
probably a hybrid between S. giganleum and S. violaceuro.'
bepals and petals pure white, spotted with purple ; lip very
large, and of a beautiful purple. The plants are in splendid
health. Also twelve good planlsof PHAL/ENOPSIS SCHIL-
LERIANA, and twelve ditto P. AMABILIS. &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6721.)

Distinct Looking L.ELIA. with Leaves 20 Inches Lone and

4 Inches Wide.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38 King
Street. Covent Garden. W.C , on THURSDAY. September 1,
a fine importation of an extraordinary large leaved LvELIA m
fine condition.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(SaieNo. 6721)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, STOVE and GREEN
HOUSE PLANTS, &c. "'^■•■'^•ii-

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. SepIembeV r,
at half past 12 o Clock precisely, the small COLLECIION of
ORCHIDS formed by Alexander Gillespie. Esq. . of Weybridge
comprising Dendrobium moniliforme, Caltleya Mossia; superba'
C velutina Lffiiia species with yellow flowers. Anguloa
Clowesii. Perisleria elata, &c. And a small Collection nf
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including a few
choice Camellias and Azaleas, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce
that his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower will
take place on THURSDAY. September iS. Gentlemen desirous
of entering plants for this Sale, will please send panrculars of
same not later than THURSDAY NEXT. fatvii-uiars o[

Auclion Rooms and Offices, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Valuable Specimen Orchids.
TV/TESSRS. SMITH and DEWAR beg to

i-T-L intimate that they are honoured with instructions to
OFFER by AUCTION on THURSDAY, September °l a?
12 o Clock, within 79, George Street, Edinburgh, the whole
of the important and valuable

COLLECTION of SPECIMEN ORCHIDS,
from Newbattle Abbey Gardens.

'The plants are all in splendid health and condition and
include amongst others several fine specimen Vandas, including
the Dalkeith tricolor and Veitch's suavis, and a fine variety of
Vanda co;rulea ; grand specimens of Cu:logyiie cnstata Den-
drobium fimbriatum. oculatum giganteum (magnificent variety)
grand specimen, with over forty bulbs and twenty new growths ■
also Dendrobiums densiflorum and Wardianum. Masdevallia
Veitchiana. Lindeni, Harryana, Chimajra (true). Chimajra Back-
housiana, Wallisi, bella, &c. : also many fine Odontoglossums
Alexandra:, Pescatorei. Andersoniana, Sanderianum Stc '
Cypripediums, Cattleyas, Lxlias. &c. '

Catalogues now ready and will be forwarded on application
to Mr. PRIEST, Gardener, Newbattle Abbey, or to the
Auctioneers.

Pope's Grove, Twickenham,

Within five minutes' walk of Strawberry Hill Railway Station
and a short distance from the River Thames, Bushey Park!
Hampton Court, and Richmond.

MR. J. N. GOATLY is favoured with
mstructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the " King's
Head " Hotel, Twickeuham, on TUESDAY, Septemb<-r o at
2 for 3 o'clock, ID Two Lots, valuable FREEHOLD BUILD-
ING LAND, fully ripe fur immediate development, having a
splendid frontage of 375 feet to Pope's Grove, and an average
depth of about 115 feet, and suitable for the erection of Villa
Residences, for which there is a great demand. There is a
choich plantation of Fruit Trees in full bearine along the rear of
this lot. Also about ij^ Acre of a FRfcEHOLD enclosed
FRUIT GARDEN, with a variety of Choice Trees thereon,
having an entrance with a frontage to Pope's Giove of 50 feet,
well suited for a Nursery, Florist's. &c.. or for the erection of a
Private Residence where any one desires spacious grounds.

May be viewed at any time prior to the Sale, and particulars
and conditions of Sale obtained at the " King's Head " Hotel
Twickenham ; of W. G. SLACK. Esq., Solicitor. 38, Guildford
Street, Russell Square, Londou. W.C. ; and of the Auctioneer,
Twickenham Green.

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS'

GREAT SALE OF ERICAS
will take place on FRIDAY. September lo.
when the following first.clnss goods will be otlered by
MESSRS. PROTHEKOE & MOEEIS :-
15,000 HYEMALIS in Go-pots.
6,000 GR.'VCILIS, in 6o-pots.
5,000 PERSOLUTA :\\X,.\.
5,000 MELANTHERA,
6,000 CAVENDISHIl, in 6o-pots.
5,000 VENTRICOSA.

6,000 VENTRICOSA COCCINEA, in 6o-pots.
6,000 VENTRICOSA MAGNIFICA, in 6o-pots.
12,000 GENIST.A, in 6o-pots.
3,000 SOLANUM.
2,000 ADIANTUM.
1,000 Double PRIMULA.
2,000 CINERART.\S.

CATALOGUES will shortly be issued.
Longlands Nursery, Sidcup.

M

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

291

Preliminary-

SALE of an IMPORTANl' COLLECTION, comprising
Several Thousand Choice and Rare ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, in first-class condition; and a large number
oflMPORTED PLANTS.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
respectfully notify the receipt of instructions Irom the
Executrix of the late lilr. George Toll, deceased, to SKLL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. September
9 and 10, at their large rooms. 45, PrinCi^ss Street, Manchester,
a Finely Seie* ted Lot of Good ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
Catalogues are in course of preparation.

For further p.-u-ticulars apply to Mesws. S. SIMPSON ami
SON, Solicttors, 1=;, Southgate, Kinij Street West : or to the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, both of M.-inchesier.

Melbourne Nursery, Anerley.

Lately occupied by the General Hurticuliural Company.

MESSRS. MEAKIN, MAY AND MAY will
SELL or LET by AUCTION, at the Mart, Token-
house Y.ard. E.G., on TUESDAY, ."September 23. at 2 o'Clock,
the above valuable FREEHOLD PROPERTY, covering
over 2 Acres, and having Greenhouses and Conservatories lover
20,000 feet of glass). Engine, Furnaces, Manager's House, &c.,
all in working order. Excellent frontages to main roads.

Particulars, Plans, and Conditions at the Mart, of Messrs.
JESSOPP AND SON, Uedford ; and of the AuctioDeers,
III, Anerley Road. Anerley.

WaltpHam Cross, N.

MR. J. TYDEMAN will SELL by
AUCTION, on TUESDAY. September 23, at
2 o'clock sharp (unless a suitable offer is previously made
for the Whole Collection), at the Nurscrie*;, \Valth.\m
Cross, a VALUABLE COLLECTION of SPECIMEN
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, the property
of Mr. E. Tudgey, of the "Exotic" Nurseries, Walthani
(>oss (late of Worcester), and sold in consequence of
his giving up Exhibiting, including well grown specimens of
Azalea indica, Cape Eneas, Geneiyllis, Aphelexis, Pha:no-
comas, Dracophyllums, Stephanotis. AILimandas, Cleroden-
drons. Francisceas, Rondeletias, Specimen Palms, Anthuriums,
Crotons, &c. This well-known collection h.is taken first prizes
at the London and Provincial Shows, viz. : — Regent's Park,
South Kensington, Crystal Palace, Manchester, and elsewhere,
and includes some of the finest grown specimens in the country.
Also two Exhibition Plant VANS, in good repair.

Full particulars of Mr. J. TVDEMAN, Auctioneer and
Valuer. Waltham Cross.JJ^

Eccleston Nursery, Prescot.

IMPORTANT SALE of excellent NURSERY STOCK,
HOLLIES. RHODODENDRONS. AUCUEAS, AN-
DROMEDAS. YEWS, LIME TREES, CAMELLIAS,
CONIFER-E, and other valuable productions, which have
been transplanted within three years.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
are instructed by Mr. John Stead, to SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, September 24. at 12 o'Clock
prompt, at Eccleston Nursery, Prescot. Lancashire, about
3000 valuable EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

The whole may be inspected one week prior to Sale, and
Catalogues obtained from Mr. STEAD, ornow on application
to the Auctioneers. 45, Princess Street. Manchester.

Kent.

FOR DISPOSAL, a thoroughly genuine and
very old-established NURSERY and FLORIST'S
BUSINESS, part Leasehold and part Freehold, with a good
Market Connection. Terms moderate, and can be arranged.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS.
67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

F" OR SALE, upon easy terms, a FREEHOLD
NURSERY, of about 3 acres of excellent Land, planted
at convenient distances with Standard Fruit Trees in bearing.
Abundant supply of Spring Water, several Greenhouses and
Pits, heated with Hot Water- An 8-roomed Villa-like Dwelling-
cottage, Seed Shop, Stable, S:c. No oposition for miles round,
and in present hands ig years.

Further particulars of Messrs. DUNN and SOMAN, Estate
Agents, Royal Kentish Buildings, Tunbridge Wells.

Somerset.

To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, with
early possession, the Old-established BUSINESS (of
over 150 years, and only changed hands three times) of a
NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, and FLORIST, carried on
for many years past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor,
at the Royal Nurseries, Merriott, near Crewkerne, andai Hend-
ford Hill, and Royal Seed Warehouse, Princes Street. Yeovil.

The Merriott Nurseries comorlse 27 acres of excellent Land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable, and saleable
Fruit ; Coniferous, Forest, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ;
and well stocked Greenhouses, &c.

The Residence, Offices. Stabling, Manager's Villa, and
Cottages and a portion of the Nursery Grounds, are the pro-
prietor's Freehold, and may be Purchased or taken on Lease.

The small Hendford Nursery is well stocked, and is provided
with newly erected and conveniently-fitted Greenhouses, and
other Erections adapted for the business. These Premises may
also be purchased or taken on Lease.

The age and state of health of the Proprietor alone induce him
to retire, and he will be prepared to Sell on advantageous terms.

The Yeovil Branch Business could be taken separately if so
desired, or the whole affair in its entirety which would in the
latter case afford an excellent opportunity for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT, Royal Nurserie';, Merriott ; or. to Messrs.
SPARKS AND BLAKE, Solicitors. Crewkerne.— June. 18S4.

^TonHarket Gardeners and OtHers.

TO LET, furnished, large and commodious
BEDROOMS, centrally situated in Covent Garden.
Apply to X,, 34, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, EC,

New Illustrated Catalogue.
JOHN MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery,

^J Weston-super-Mare, having issued a New Illustrated
CATALOGUE of Terra Cotla Vases. &c., begs to intimate that
all previous ones are withdrawn from this date — August 25, 1884.
Price List of Garden Pots, &c.. Illustrated Catalogue, is. 6d.

T^MTfTLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

DAFFODIL, or GARDEN NARCISSUS.—
Our Colleciion of these charming and fashionable flowers
includes all the finest sorts in cultivation at moderate prices.

SS" Awarded a Banksian Medal fur our exhibits of Narcissus
1SS3 and 18S4) by the Royal Hoiticultural Society, "A fine
display was made by Messrs. Colhns & Co. with various kinds
oil/if Jinisi Daffodih:'—Thc Ganiftt, March 29, 18S4.

Special quotations for large quantities to naturalise.
CATALOGUE of above and other Bulbs, with over 100
illustrations,

COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL. Bulb Growers and
Importers, ^q, Waterloo Road, London. S.E.

To tUe Trade only.

EH. KRELAGE AND SON, Nurserymen,
• Sebdsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland. — The
Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 374A) of Dutch Flower Roots
and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants for
1884 and 1885, is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. The
Catalogue, althoueh giving only an extract of the collections,
forms a pamphlet of 48 pages 8vo. in two columns, and is doubt-
less one of the most complete sent out for this speciality. The
collections of every description of the establishment are in the
most desirable excellent condition.

ARCISS and DAFFODIL S.—

A fine Collection of all the leading sorts, including most
of the new and newer varieties.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

s

NOWDROPS.

For grand new varieties, a great advance on the
old sons.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
E.'ceter Street, Strand, W.C.

LILY OFT HE VALLEY.
Two new varieties, with much larger bells,
and more vigorous habit.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
E.\eter Street, Strand, W.C.

NOW READY.

CARTERS' CATALOGUE

OF

BULBS AND ROOTS

OF

Winter and Spring Flowers.

Gratis to intending Pitrchaun.

ROY,A.L SEEDSMEN BY COMMAND,
237 and 238, High Holliorn, London.

I

TREES for AUTUMN
PLANTING.
FOX and GAME COVERT PLANTS.
SEEDLING and TRANSPLA.^TED FOREST TREES.
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.
RHODODENDRONS and Ghent AZALEAS, well set with

flower-buds.
APPLE TREES, Standard, 24s. per dozen, Cl los. per 100.
Priced LIST.S of each on application to
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries. Bristol.

Sow Now for Early Flowering In Spring.

ROEMER'S Superb Prize PANSY SEED.
4?r The best Pansy Seed in the World. "SJl
FANCY VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, 10s per ounce. 6d. per packet,
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mi.xed, 55, per ounce, 6(/. per packet.
FANCY and SHOW VARIETIES, fine, mixed, 31, per ounce.

3(^. per packet.
ASSORTMENT of 18 splendid distinct varieties, containing

each t packet, 3^.
CAREFULLY SAVED only from named Exhibition Flowers,

of all varieties, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, zr.

per 1000 seeds, 6d. per packet.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED SHOW VARIETIES, new and

distinct, flowers up to 4 inches in diameter, 6s. per 1000

seeds, r^. 6</. per packet.
My Pansy gained the First Pi ize at the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884.
For separate sorts see CATALOGUE, forwarded post-free on
application

FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower. Quedlinburg. Germany.

VERGREEN H E D G E^S.

E

ARBOR VnJE, American, 2 to 3 feet, 6s. per doz. , 301. per

103 ; 3 to 4 feet, 8i. per doz., 50J. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, lox.

per doz
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 2 to 3 feet 6s. per doz., 40s. per

100 ; 3 to 4 feet, tcs. per doz., 80s, per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet,

iSs. per doz., 120s. per 100.
HOLLIES, Green, 9 to iz inches, 12s. per 100; 12 to 15 inches.

i6j, per 100; 15 to 18 inches, 3^. per doz., 20^. per roo ;

ij^ to 2 feet, gs. per doz.. 50s. per 100 ; 2 to 2J2 feet, 125.

per doz , 8of. per 100 ; sj^ to 3 feet, 2ii. per doz.; 3 to 4

feet, 30s. per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet, 42s. per doz.
THUIALOBBtl, 3 to 4 feet, 155. per doz., looj. per 100 ; 410

5 feet, i8s. per doz,, 130s. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, 245. per doz ,

160s. per 100.
The above are all well grown, have been recently transplanted,
and will remove with safety.

JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cir-
encester.

Rhododendrons.

ISAAC DAVIES and SON in offering the
above, beg to state thai their stock of the following is finer
this yt-vr than it has ever been, and they do not remember a
season when their Plants were so thickly covered with flowei-
buds.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, various colours, fine
bashes, 3 to 4 feet, 30J. to 40J. per dozen ; 2}^ to 3 feel,
iSs. per dozen, jCj per 100.
,, selected hybrid seedlings, with colour labelled on each
plant, fine bushes, 2% to 4 feet, 24^- to 36*. per dozen.
,, choice named kinds (including many beautiful varieties of
our own raising), fine bushy plants, i3^ to 3% feet, 30s.,
4or., to 60s., per dozen.

*»' Over 90 in every tco of the above well set
with buds.

RHODODENDRONS, mixed hybrid seedlings, in great
variety of colours, and from early and late strains, nice
bushy plants, 15 inches hiyli, 50J. per 100.
,, seedlings from our choicest and newest kinds, each variety
kept separate, and can be supplied in a fair proportion
of each, bushy plants, g to 12 inches high, 20s. per 100.

Plants suitable for Potting.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, of various colours
ij^ to 2 feet, green, bushy plants, all covered with buds
i$s. per dozen, jCs per ^oo-
„ PRyECOX, good bushy plants, covered with buds. 12^. to
18s. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, from three or four of the best
varieties, distinct light and dark colours, each kept
separate, nice bushes, five to ten buds on each, 9^. per
dozen, sos. per 100.
,, PONTICA, bushy plants, well budded, 6 J., 91. to 12s.,

per dozen.
,. DAVIESII, beautiful trusses of white sweet-scented
flowers, best of all for forcing, fine plants, well-budded,
24^. to 26s. per dozen.
, AVALANCHE, pure white sweet-scented tlowers, very
compact and bushy growing plant, nice plants, well-
budded, 25. 6J. each, 245. per dozen.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA, nice bushes, a mass of

flower-buds, 12s. per dozen.
PERNETTYA SPECIOSA (our own variety), quite hardy.
berries pink when ripe, well berried plants, i2J. per
dozen.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, well established (twelve months) in
pots, very gteen, and thickly covered with berries, large
and well formed plants, 18s to 24J. per dozen.
Our CATALOGUE of our own Novelties and General Nur-
sery Stock will be ready in the course of a week.

All goods free on rail, but a small charge will be made for
package. Cash or reference from unknown correspondents.
Ormskirk, Lancashire

TRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—

Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 31. 6d.
per 100 : our ditto, 3S. 6d, per 100 ; 5C0 for icr. 6d. Plants in
2K-inch pots, J2S. 6d. per 100; in s-inch pots. 25^. per 100.
All the principal sorts grown, inducing British Queen, Dr.
Hogg, Jas. Veitch, Keens' Seedling, President, Sir C. Napier.
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Castle, Vicomtesse H. de Thury, and
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

THE following are offered from Surplus
Stock. All the plants are in good condition. Prices for
large or small quantities on application, as under, or an offer
for the lot would be entertained. General List of Plants : —

350 Dracasnas, sorts, 6 in. to 48 in. ; 500 Ferns, sorts ; 100
Coleus. sorts ; 100 Azalea indica, sorts ; 100 Abulilons, sorts ;
loco Geraniums, sorts. Bedding ; 300 Geraniums, sorts. Pot ;
150 Fuchsias, sorts ; 100 Stove Plants, sorts, various ; 500 Green-
house Plants, sorts, various ; 30 Amaryllis, sorts ; 70 Vallota
purpurea, 30 Cypripedium insigne, 4 Alsophila australis, stems
2 ft. to 6 ft. ; I Alsophila excelsa, stem 2 ft. ; 6 Camellias, sorts,
6 ft. to 8 ft. : 6 Palms, sorts, i ft. to 6 ft. ; 50 Aspidistra variegata.

G. REEVES SMITH, Jiin., General Manager, Aston Park
Lower Grounds, Aston, Birmingham.

Notice.

To Nurserymen. Seedsmen, and Florists. — Established 1856.

LEWIS ISAACS, Importer of Dutch
Bulbs, 3. Victoiia Warehouses, Mansell Street, Aldgate,
E.G., begs to inform his Customers and the Trade in general that
he has again arrived from Haarlem, in Holland, with his annual
well selected stock of Bulbs. As an advantage to the Trade only,
he begs to offer his named HYACINTHS, good picked Bulbs,
all true to name and colour, at an all-round price of 3(^. per
Bulb, in any quantity from half a dozen of a sort and upw.-irds.
The stock is on view to intending purchasers, at the above
address, which is only 3 minutes' walk from Aldgate Station.
Orders punctually attended to on the same day.
Catalogues post-free on application.

UTCH BULBS.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

D

D

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, NURSERYMEN
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Intending purchasers of Dutch Bulbs are invited to read
Ant. Roozen & Son's CATALOGUE for 1884, and see the
large saving effected by dealing direct with the Grower. The
Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to their Agents,
MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-HilI, E.C.

A" ^ N ' "e m' O N e"~ S .
A. FULGENS. A. FULGENS MULTIPETALA.
Fine bulbs of these varieties. True English-grown.
A French mixed single and double, grand strain ; habit
vigorous and very brilliant colours, and all kinds of Bulbs,
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.—
Early white blooming. Very sweet scented. One of the
most useful Bulbs that can be grown.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

GLADIOLUS COLVILLII ALBA,
"THE BRIDE."
30,000 of this useful white variety, useful for forcing or
open ground.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

292

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884,

BULB SEASON.

HYACINTH, CROCUS, and SPECIMEN
GLASSES of the newest and most improved
designs, in great variety.

The Trade supplied on the most moderate
terms.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.

DRIED FLOWERS & GRASSES.

A very large Stock of this Season's Conti-
nental and our own growth, never surpassed
for quality.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.
WREATHS and CROSSES.

Every Description and Design in DRIED
FLOWERS, METAL, PORCELAIN, and
IMMORTELLES. Cases for same in great
variety.

An inspection particularly solicited.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.

FRENCH SECATEURS.ImprovedSprings,
made by the successors of Aubert. Also
FRENCH PRUNING and LOPPING
SHEARS, AVERRUNCATORS.

Special Prices quoted to the Trade by the
Importers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.

ELCOME'S PATENT FUMIGATOR.— A
great improvement on any yet introduced ;
rapidly emits the smoke without requiring live
coals, and will consume dry paper without fear
of flaming. Prices : —

No. I. No. 2. No. T..
Japanned Iron .. 6s. lOs. lOs. 6d. each.
Galvanised.. .. 6s. lis. 17s. 6d. ,,
Also adaptable for Burning Charcoal for
Heating Purposes.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO,, London,
MUSHROOM SPAWN.

The most reliable in the Market — the most
satisfactory reports continually arriving.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),

Offlce and Show Rooms, 18. FINSBURY STREET, E.G.,

and Manufactory,

SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.,

Horticultural Sundries Merckjiits and Manufacturers,

The Trade only supplied, on the most liberal
terms. CATALOGUES sent on the applica-
tion being accompanied by a Trade Card. An
inspection of our Autumn and Winter Stock
respectfully solicited.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,

BEG TO SOLICIT ORDERS FOR

DUrCH and FRENCH BULBS, NARCISSUS, and Miscellaneous BULBOUS PL 4.NTS,

Just received in line condition.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS, ROCK and ALPINE PLANTS,

Now in fine quantity and condition at our Broxbourne Nursery.

POT ROSES for FORCING and POT CULTURE,

Now arranged for purpose of selection at Cheshunt.

STRAWBERRIES, TRANSPLANTED RUNNERS and in SMALL P0T3.

Including the New Early Pauline and the American Hot Weather Strawberries.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES of the above Post-free on application.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT.

MR. LAXTQN'S NEW STRAWBERRIES.

KING OF THE E.ARLIES. — The earliest Strawberry. Ripens in the open in May ; large, delicious flavour
and most prolific.

THE CAPTAIN. — Very large and handsome ; glossy scarlet fruit of good flavour, ripening early in June. Very
prolific : flesh unusually firm, and an excellent traveller. This variety is also more perpetual than any other, and
for market and general cultivation the best Strawberry yet sent out.

One Market Grower who has seen them has ordered 3000 plants of these Strawberries.

The following Trade Firms have also ordered, and can supply them true:

ABBOTT, E , Ardleigh, Essex.
BUNYARD, G., and CO., Maidstone.
CHRI.STOPHER, J., Dorchester.
CUBRAN, \i.. AND SON, Altrincham.
COLE, JOS , Evesham.
DANIELS BROS., Norwich.
DICKSON, r. AND A., Chester.
DICKSON, JAS., AND SONS, Chester.
EASTES AND GREEN, Ashford.
ERASER, J,, Lea Bridge Road.
GILLON, \i.. Carapbelltoivi!.
GODFREY, W. J., Exmouth.
GUYTON. J,, Belton, Yarmouth.
HARRISON AND SONS, Leicester.
HOADE, JAS., Addlestone. Surrey.
JAM IN, F,, Bourg-la-Reine, Paris.
JEFFERIES, JNO., and SON, Ciren-
cester.

JOHNSON. W. W., AND SONS, Boston.
KENNEDY, JAS., Dumfries.
KERSHAW, CHAS., Brighouse.
LAINGand CO., Forest Hill.
LAIRD, R. B., AND SONS, Edinburgh.
LAURENSON. W., EaglescUffe.
LEE, GEO., Clevedon.
LUCOMBE, PINCE and CO.. Exeter,
McFARLANE, G., Alnwick.
MATTHEWS, ISAAC, and SON.,

Stoke-on-Trent
MILES, E., Shaftesbury.
MORSE. E., Epsom.
PAILLET, L.. Chatenav. near Paris.
PAUL. G., and SON. Cheshunt.
PFITTZER, WILHELM, Stuttgart.
RIVERS, T., and SON. Sawbridge-

worth.

ROEMER, F., yuertlinburg.
SAMPSON, J. T., Bridport.
SANDFORD, R., Tortinston, Devon.
SANG, E., and SONS, Kirkcaldy.
SHEPPARD. JAS., Bedford.
SHEPPERSON, S., Belper.
SMITH. JAS.. AND SON, Darley

Dale.
STEVENSON, GEO., Alnwick.
SUTTON AND SONS, Reading.
TREMBLE, JOS., and SON, Penrith.
TROUGHTON, W., and CO., Preston.
VEITCH, JAS.. AND SON. Chelsea
VILMORIN, ANDRIEUX, and CO,

Pans.
WILLIAMS. J. AND F.,Deviies.
YOUNG, OAKENHEAD, and CO,

Cork.

Particulars luith prices, post-free. Coloured Plate 6d. The Trade liberally dealt with.

THOMAS LAXTON, SEED GROWER, BEDFORD.

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY

(JOHN COWAN), LIMITED,

Have a splendid stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offer as follows :—

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM LOWI, grand plants, in 5-inch pots, and 4 to 6 fine new
growths, 6s. each, 6o.f. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, with strong bulbs, 2 and 3 fine new

growths, 5 J. each, 48.?. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, with strong bulbs, and 4 and 5 new growths, in 4-inch

pots, y. 6d. each, 36^. per dozen ; in 3-inch pots, 2s. dd. each, z^s. per dozen.
„ SUAVISSIMUM, guaranteed true, flowers large, and plants in 5 inch pots, 10 and 12 bulbs,

and numerous new growths, '^s. each, and 42^-. per dozen.
„ THYRSIFLORUM, splendid plants, in 6-inch pots, 8 to 10 fine bulbs, 5^. each, 40^. per

dozen ; fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 3^-. dd. each, 305-. per dozen.
„ CRASSINODE BARBERIANUM, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 5 and 6 fine bulbs each, and
numerous growths, 5.r. each, 48.^. per dozen ; fine plants, in 3-inch pots, is. dd. each,
24J. per dozen.
Also D. CHRYSOTO-XUM, DEVONIANUM, PRIMULINUM, FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM,
EBURNEUM, DALHOUSIANUM, and other fine varieties.at equally moderate prices.
The Company have also to announce the .trrival of a splendid imporlation of ORCHID.S from South America,
consisting of splendid masses of Cattleya Eldorado, C. superba splendens, Scuticaria Steeli, and many other grand
varieties, also several perfectly new plants. Full particulars sent on application.

The Company have also just received from South America a grand collection of PALM SEEDS, including
many perfectly new varieties. Full particulars on application.

Terms Cash in 14 days. The usual allowance to the Trade.

THE VINEYARD & NUBSEBIES, GABSTON^

EAELY SPRIId FLOWEEma BULBS.

Very Large Selected Roots of

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
DOUBLE and SINGLE SNOWDROPS, JONQUILS, <&c.
SELECT NAMED HYACINTHS and TULIPS.

Free by Rails or Parcel Post. Descriptive Catalogues free on application.

LITTLE ¥"BALLANTYN E,

BY APPOINTMENT, NURSERYMEN and -SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN,

CAE LISLE.

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

293

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

EOYAL, EXOTIC NURSERY,
CHELSEA, S.W.

The following varieties are specially selected, and
the test adapted for very early forcing :—

HYACINTHS— EARLY WHITE ROMAN.

Finest quality, 15J. per 100, is. per dozen.

HYACINTHS-EARLY BLUE ROMAN.

loi. tii. per loo, \s. td. per dozen.

HYACINTHS— NAMED VARIETIES,

specially selected for early forcing, ipj. per dozen.

NARCISSUS.

EARLY PAPER WHITE, isi. per ico, sr. per dozen.
EARLY DOUBLE WHITE, lu. id. per 100, is. per dozen,

EARLY SINGLE TULIPS.

DUG VAN THOL, Kcd and Yellow, 75. per 100, 15. per dcz.
DUG VAN THOL, Crimson, 5^. td, per icki, \s. per d02en.

EARLY DOUBLE TULIPS.

DUG VAN THOL. Red and Yellow, 3J. 6rf. per 100, Si. doz.
TOUBNESOL, Red and Yellow. 7^. per 100, is. per dozen.

JONQUILS,

SINGLE, SWEET-SCENTED, s'- per ico.

FREESIAS.

LEICHTLINI, Clear Yellow, fragrant, 35. 6rf. per dozen.
REFRACTA ALBA. Pure White, delightfully fragrant,
5J. 6//. and 7^. 6a'. per dozen.

SO I LLA S I B I R 1 C A.

45J. per icoo, 5J. 6^/. per ico.

SNOWDROPS.

DOUBLE. aiJ. per loco, is. 6d. per 100.
SINGLE. 21J. per ICOO, 25. 6d. per 100.

CHIONODOXA LUCILI/E,

GLORY OF THE SNOW, ^s. td. per loo, i.>. id. per dozen.

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS,

FOR VERY EARLY FOKCING,

arranged on a most liberal scale, and containing only the most
suitable varieties, at igr., 21J., 42J., and 63J.

For Other Bulbs for Forcing, Pot
Culture, or Planting, see CATALOGUE,
forwarded Gratis and Postfree on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY,

CHELSEA, S.W.

BEAUTIFUL

FLOWEES

AT CHRISTMAS

May be secured by planting

SUTTONS'

FORCING BULBS

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS

Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,

INCU'DING

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
&c., &c., at

42s , 31s. 6d,, 21s. and 10s. 6d.

each.

ROMAN HYACINTHS

(FOR FORCIXC).

EARLY NARCISSUS

(FOR FORCiyC).

SUTTONS' HYACINTHS

{FOR FORCING).

EARLY TU LI PS, Single k Double

(FOR FORCIXG).

For Prices and full particulars of

SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS

SUTTONS'

AUTUMN CATALOGUE,

Gratis and Post-free on application.

ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE

(If of 20s. value).

MJUfnAmiA

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

and by Special Warrant to

H.R,H, THE PRI.VCE OF WALES.

READINO,

THE

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1884,

AUDLEY END.

THE noble residence whose park the inha-
bitants of Saffron Walden delight to stroll
in, entering it from one of their streets, is one
of several great houses which were built in the
reigns of the Tudors and Stuarts by the favourite
Ministers of the Crown. It was built by the
grandson of Sir Thomas Audley, each having
been in turn Lord Treasurer of England. In
those days the public money must have been
smeared with bird-lime, so that a good deal of
it stuck to the fingers of those who handled it,
Audley End was always said to have been
built with Spanish gold. It cost about
^200,000 — an enormous sum — which only a
Lord Treasurer like the Earl of Suffolk, the
builder of the vast pile, could have devoted to
such a purpose. James I. remarked on seeing
Audley End : — " It is too much for a king,
though it may do very well for a Lord
Treasurer." It was thirteen years in building,
having been commenced in 1603, and here it
now stands on its well chosen site on the banks
of the Cam, the high road passing just beyond
its gates, so that the world may see its grandeur
without the least intrusion upon privacy. A
noble park lies around it with the ornament
and pleasure of many deer and of woods, wild
Thyme, a rolling surface, and a chalk rock well
covered with dry soil.

Audley End, at its completion, was the
largest and most stately house in England, con-
sisting of two great quadrangles, and although
three sides of one of them, and one side of the
other were demolished in 1721 and 1749 a
grand house — the grandest in Essex— still
remains. It was named after Sir Thomas
Audley, who was made Chancellor on the fall of
the great Sir Thomas More ; and as Church
lands then were passed about at a greater dis-
count than those Essex clays of the present
time, which don't grow Wheat and won't grow
Barley, he obtained from Henry Vlil., De-
fender of the Faith, the rich prize of Walden
Abbey. A peerage followed, with the title of
Lord Audley of Walden. His daughter, in due
time, became his heiress, and contracted a well
assorted union with the Duke of Norfolk, his
Grace having married before while she was a
widow, and a son by her second spouse be-
came the Earl of Suffolk who was just now
mentioned and who built Audley End in
memory of his grandfather, who had so suc-
cessfully worked the gold mine. By the time
the Earl of Suffolk (of Suffolk House, where
Suffolk Street, Strand, now is) was committed
to the Tower for embezzlement ; he was
;£4o,ooo in debt, in spite of his great estates
and lucrative offices, and his son gladly sold
Audley End to King Charles II., and here,
conveniently near Newmarket as the place is,
the Court was established in 1670, and at Audley
End the queen frequently resided.

I must now jump to the Lords Braybrooke,
descendants of Sir Thomas Audley, who have
owned this property about a hundred years,
The third Lord iBraybrooka is known' in the

294

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, iS

literary world as the author of the History of
Audhy End, and the editor of the Diary and
Correspondence of Samuel Pefys. In the first
of these works the accomplished author de-
scribed his dwelling, which is usually spoken
of as one of the finest specimens of a Jacobean
house, and this gave an elaborate answer to a
question which is not infrequently asked —
" What is a Jacobean house ? "

Evelyn described this splendid house as a
" mixed fabric, 'twixt antique and modern." An
Italian writer speaks of its architecture as in-
clining to Gothic, mixed with a little of the
Doric and Ionic ; the house is, in fact, an
example of the intermediate style between
Gothic and classical, in which the great houses
of England were built during the reigns of
Elizabeth and James I. Turrets covered
by cupolas on the roof at Audley End are
well marked features of this style, and also the
handsome mullioned windows, each of its three
storeys having large, square mullioned win-
dows, while each storey is separated from the
other by a projecting string. There is a
central hall with two two-storeyed porches,
having Doric pillars, and a stone parapet of
open work at the top of the wall. Lord Bray-
brooke tells us that the Abbey of Walden stood
on that part of the east lawn which has been
converted into a flower garden, where many
coffins and skeletons were turned out by the
labourers, with broken columns and stone mul-
lions, intermixed with bricks and flints cemented
together with mortar harder than the stone
itself. The castle of the Earl of Essex, the
founder of the monastery, was near this spot.

The name of Audley End is derived from its
position at the extremity of the parish of SatTron
Walden, and dates from about 1 547, or about
the commencement of Sir Thomas Audley's
ownership.

All who remember the third Lord Bray-
brooke must retain pleasing recollections of
him. The writer recalls him in the chair of
the Saffon Walden Agricultural Society, aged
and a little shaken, not on water, hesitating a
little sometimes, but always saying exactly what
he meant to say in the purest English. Some
professional singers inflicted on the audience a
very tiresome 'glee with the refrain — "In
thunder, lightning, and rain," in endless itera-
tion, and people long remembered the noble
President's concluding witticism, when he hoped
they would all meet again, but not " in thunder,
lightning, or in rain." Like the peers *ho have
followed him, this accomplished nobleman was
much respected and very popular. He was
succeeded by his eldest son, the Hon. R. C.
Neville, the distinguished antiquarian, author
of Saxon Obsequies, and other works, who, at
his death in 1861, was succeeded by his brother,
the present and fifth Lord Braybrooke.

When viewed from the Cambridge and London
high road, Audley End mansion is seen in a
strikingly beautiful light across a fine piece of
smooth lawn of about 9 acres, and the small
stream of the Cam, which at this part has been
widened so as to form a long, slightly winding
lake. The great windows lighting up the long
front, broken by a portico of no great size,
together with the pinnacled and domed roof, on
which the green colour of copper covering the
dome is distinctly visible, marks an old-world
building, quite beyond the conception of the
modern architect or builder. In other old
Tudor houses you come across these great win-
dows, the inheritance of a foggy, sunless land.
You will also find them in just such another
country as ours — Holland. There a house at
the present day on its best sides is quite one-
half glass.

From the window of hall and gallery some
splendid views are to be obtained of the slightly
hilly country surrounding the house — in the
distance the towers and houses of Saffron
Walden, which are far enough away to look

handsomer perhaps than they are. The nearer
home scenery shows a timbered hilly park
beyond the river, very pleasant to look upon,
with only round-headed trees, such as Beech,
that does so well on the chalk here, and many
Planes ; these last being now, as they have
been formerly, the favourite trees of the noble
owners of Audley End. Eastward from the
house is a long row of enormous Limes skirting
a stone wall, a path to be enjoyed in June, with
the bloom fully out and myriads of bees hum-
ming overhead, and grateful at other times in
torrid heat or when easterly winds do blow.
A few large Cedars of Lebanon are found in
the gardens, their heavy far-stretching branches
now supported with props, but still looking
healthy in their old age, in spite of the amputa-
tions that have sometimes been found necessary
after storms. Hedges of Yew abound, but they
are very aged, and show their years unmis-
takably in bared lower branches and generally
stunted growth. The chalky soil is inimical to
most of the Conifers, so we do not find them
largely used ; they are short-lived generally
on it.

On a hill, which boasts of a deeper soil, some
nice specimens of Abies Nordmanniana, Thuia
Lawsoniana, Juniperus virginiana. Sequoia,
gigantea, Araucaria imbricata, were growing
away in a healthy way. The flower garden
properly so called, lies on the north side of the
mansion, and faces an open court laid with
turf, so that it is slightly removed from the
walls.

An attempt is made to unite the flowers of
old times, old-fashioned things, with the modern
Pelargoniums, Violas, carpet bedding and beds
of succulents, and arranged as they are by the
head gardener, Mr. Vert, the effect is very
good, and would be better in a less hot season.
This year, however, some things became over-
blown at an early date, and others wei'e hin-
dered in developing their proper amount of
foliage, and so left much ground bare — the
effect of the excessive warmth of August and
July.

The mixed herbaceous beds, that occupied
four central positions in the parterre, were large
of size, and were planted with Hyacinthus can-
dicans, Gladioli, Fuchsias, Pentstemons, Tigri-
dia pavonia and T. p. alba. Scabious, Stocks,
Phygelius capensis, Campanulas, &c. The beds
are likewise full — although we do not see many
of them in August — of spring flowering bulbs
and roots. This parterre is rather extensive,
and is backed up with clumps of large shrubs
that possess borders for flowers of large grow-
ing, less formal character. Here were seen
many good varieties of single Dahlias, making
a pretty back to the smaller subjects nearer the
front of the borders. About 50,000 bedding
and other plants are required annually for this
flower garden. Scattered over the immense
lawns are some trees seldom met with — the
Kentucky Coffee tree, Gymnocladus canadensis,
several Paulownia imperialis, fully grown, and
at the time (August) flowering beautifully, and a
treeof Alnus laciniata quite 50 feet in height, and
of great spread of branches, the circum-
ference of the bole at i foot above the soil being
14 feet 3 inches. The large Cedar of Lebanon
which Lord Braybrook mentioned in his history
of Audley End measured in November, 1834, at
I foot from the soil, 1 2 feet 6 inches, and was
70 feet in height, having been planted in 1762.
An Abies excelsa planted in 1774 measured
7 feet 9 inches, and was 60 feet high ; a Plata-
nus orientalis was 10 feet 10 inches, and 70 feet
high, having been planted in 1770. The Cedar
above mentioned is now increased to a girth of
17 feet. A common Oak planted in i7?o girthed
in 1S34, at I foot from the soil, 14 feet 4 inches,
and was 60 feet high — a good growth for a little
over a century. A red Cedar still standing
measured 5 feet 4 inches in girth, was 35 feet
high, having stood since 17S3. Many trees still

exist of considerable age, but many more have
succumbed to storms and debility, and have
been removed to make room for younger
plants.

As might be supposed in a place of such
long standing, the means provided for the sup-
plying of vegetables, fruit, and flowers, are in
proper harmony with its extensiveness. Well
formed kitchen gardens of SA acres, in three
compartments, all furnished wilh excellent walls
for fruit culture, and these having a great variety
of aspect, from the irregular form the gardens
partake. The Apricot, Peach, Nectarine, and
Plum, among stone fruit, do very well on this
soil, and many good trees are to be found of
these. Mr. Vert, the talented young gardener,
is now doing his best to completely furnish the
walls with the best of the old and new varieties,
of all such kinds as require such assistance
to ripen their fruit. The hardy fruit sup-
plies are supplemented by an orchard-house
90 feet long by 20 feet wide. In this were
found many kmds of Peaches, Nectarines,
Plums, Figs, mostly in pots sunk in beds of soil
or else planted out. Only the best sorts were
seen, and all were well burdened with fruit.

An early vinery, containing plants of Black
Hamburgh and Gros Maror ; a Muscat vinery,
with Bowood, Ryton, and Alexandria Muscat
Grapes ; a late house, planted with Lady
Downe's, Madresfield Court, and Black Ali-
cante ; and a cool greenhouse, planted with
Black Hamburgh Grapes only, complete the
tale of the Grape-houses. In addition are two
Peach-houses of 36 feet in length each, and
about 2600 Strawberries, of the usually approved
kinds, are being grown.

The floral department receives much atten-
tion, as we saw about 600 well grown Chrysan-
themums, in 250 varieties, in their flowering
pots, the plants bushy, and of the healthiest
appearance. These Mr. Vert will form into
loosely trained natural bushes after moderate
disbudding. Many Primula sinensis and P.
alba plena ; Salvias, such as gesneriflora, S.
pseudo-coccinea, the Pine-apple perfumed sort ;
S. fulgens, S. Betheli, S. Bruanti, and S. Pit-
cherii, are grown for autumn and winter uses.
A stove contained a collection of the pick of the
Crotons and Dracit-nas, nice stuff, fit for all
those varied uses in domestic decoration for
which they are so suitable. A new stove to
contain these plants, and others which now
have to be accommodated in other structures,
is being built. It is a pleasing, light build-
ing, having heated beds at the sides, and
a bench in the centre, under which are two
narrow troughs the length of the house, which,
when kept full of water, will afford a ready
means of watering. The different ranges of
pits, fruit-rooms. Mushroom-houses, sheds,
young men's domicile, &c., together with an
extensive nursery and orchard, make the garden
appointments both appropriate and very com-
plete at Audley End.

COOL-HOUSE ONCIDIUMS.

There is no disguising the fact that several of the
most beautiful sections of Oncldium are in most of our
collections grown in too high a temperature, and that
large numbers of them are annually lost in consequence.
I find that many o( our best growers, in spite of their
repeated failures with these plants when grown ia
heat are very reluctant to give them a fair trial in a
cool-house, and often when they do make the attempt,
if the plants do not seem to be immediately benefited
they are removed to the hothouse again, and when they
ultimately depart this life the cause is often assigned
to their short sojourn in a cold house. Such vacil-
lating conduct is very prevalent among young Orchid
amateurs, and it is to be deplored, for it most surely
injures the plants and prevents the grower from gain-
ing any experience likely to be of service to him. The
proper way when a plant or section of plants is not
thriving is, to carefully study the matter, form a rea-
sonable judgment as to what is wrong with it, and
what change would be beneficial ; make that change,
and leave the subject under treatment long enough in
its new situation to be sure whether the movement
was a good one or not. Oncidium Marshallianum,
O. Forbesii, O. crispum, O. prxtcxtum, O. curium,
O. Gardnerianum, O. prxstans, O. dasytyle, and
O. concolor, may be said to form one section, there

Sei'I'fmckr 6, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

295

being a ttace^Me affinity between their flowers when
they are considered in the order in which I have
placed the names, and the texture of all the species
and the wrinkling o( the bulbs is much the same in
the kinds enumerated. Quantities of most of these
plants are imported annually, the career of many of
ihem after their arrival beinj:; very short : they are
placed in heat, and seem to thrive remarkably well.
In due course the strong pieces produce each a large
and beautiful spike of tlowers, which lasts in good
order for six weeks or so, and after it is over the plant
dwindles away. The smaller plants, which are not
capable of producing flower-spikes, have not that
ttiort to suffer for, and ate slower to depart. Such
plants when grown in heat, usually get covered
uith white-scale, and gradually decline, being very
unsightly all the lime. It has now become an estab-
lished fact among a few of our best growers, that this
beautiful section of Oncidium, when grown in a tem-
perature of from 50° to 60° in winter, and in a light,
airy part of the Odontoglossum-house in summer, is
as easy to manage as could be desired, and that the
plants thrive and keep clean in such a cool tempera-
lure. The whole of the plants of this section of
Oncidium thrive best on blocks or rafts, or in shallow
baskets, important features in their treatment being
to keep them tolerably dry and cool all the time they
are not rooting and growing, and not to leave the
riower-spikes too long on the plants. They are beau-
tiful objects in the dwelling-house when cut, and they
last quite as long as if on the plants, and at the same
time the plants are strengthened by their removal.
If it is desired to keep the flowers in the Orchid-
house, they can be cut and placed in large-mouthed
closed jars of water, the spike being inserted through
a hole in the cork.

Oncidium macranthum, O. serratum, and others of
that section, I need say little about. After immense
quantities of these had been killed with heat, O,
macranthum and its allied species were found to be
cold-house plants, and now it is a rare thing to find
these in heat, or, being in a cold house, in an unhealth
condition. These do well in pots in the Odontoglos-
sum-house.

O. varicosum, O. bifolium, and O. holochrysum,
forming another section, have not been so fortunate ;
ihe two last-named have become very rare, and I am
Fure that growing them too hot is the cause of it, for
I have had both of the species named thrive well for
years in a winter temperature of 45° — 55°. But we
notice the decline of O. bifolium and O. holochrysum
because they have been but very little imported of late
years, whereas O. varicosum has been plentifully
received but in many cases only to be flowered well
once and then to perish. I have no hesitation in
saying that heat is the cause of the mortality, for
wherever I have seen it grown with the Odonto-
glossum, or even a trifle warmer with the Lycastes
and Zygopetalums, the specimens have been plump
and clean and the pseudobulbs have increased in size
every year. These three Oncidiums are cold-house
plants and prefer to be grown on blocks or in baskets
without much stuf^" about the roots and to be kept
moderately dry when the growths are mature.

Oncidium bicolor, one of F. Sander & Co.'s recent
introductions, is one of the most distinct and beautiful
■ of Oncids ; it is quite a cold Odontoglossum-house
plant, is a very robust grower, and produces heavy
spikes of bright yellow flowers, as beautiful as the best
form of O. varicosum.

O. cucullatum and its varieties nubigenum, Phal^e-
nopsis, giganteura, and numerous others form a very
pretty section with rose, white and crimson spotted
tlowers ; they positively will not grow in heat, but
they thrive in the most luxuriant manner when placed
in the cold Odontoglossum-house. All the varieties
' grow well in pots in fibry peat, and require precisely

the same treatment as Odonloglossum Alexandrse.

Other varieties which should be grown in a cool
house are : — Oncidium incurvum, O. tigrinum, O.
Batemani, O. cheirophorum, O. cruentum, O. lon-
gipes (Janeiriense), O. Limminghei, O. leucochilura,
O. Harrisonianum, O. ornithorhynchum, O. phy-
matochilum, O. splendidum, O. superbiens, and O.
zebrinum. All these in a cold house will give a much
better result than they would in heat, because in the
cool temperature they only attempt twelvemonths'
work in a year, whereas in heat they outrun their
strength, make their growth in too short a time, and
have to endure a long and exhausting wait, or start
another growth out of season, which cannot fail to
cause a rapid decline. James O'Brien.

ARBORICULTURE IN SCOT-
LAND.

{Continued from />. 231).

Dundee, the scene of the forthcoming International
Horticultural Show next week, can scarcely be left out
of theprogramme, its busyslreets and splendid factories
bearing testimony that its merchants and traders are
enterprising and prosperous. The name of Baxter will
be ever held in veneration by its inhabitants, from the
numerous benefits conferred on the town by the family,
the Baxter Park being one of ihe many gifts to the
public. It is well kept, and worthy of a visit ; also
the cemetery. The Tay bridge now building, and
the ruins of the late bridge, will be objects of interest.
On leaving Perth you cross the Tay, winding round
the foot of the hill of Kinnoull ; to the left is Kin-
fauns Castle, almost hidden from view by the numer-
ous stately trees surrounding it. As you travel along
the rail through the celebrated Carse of Gowrie, the
hills on the left, well timbered, are the Sidlaw range ;
and in the Carse, between the rail and the hills, are
many interesting residences and places, viz., Inchyva,
Pitfour, Seggieden {Colonel Drummond Hay's), Fin-
gask Castle — an interesting spot, with many ancient
surroundings and fine old trees, well cared for by Mr.
Loney, who has spent a long life here. Rossie
Priory, the seat of Lord Kinnaird, midway between
Inchture and Longforgan stations, is a fine, well
timbered estate, the late earl taking great interest in
arboriculture, in which he had the able assistance
of Mr, Doig, who is well known in the district as
taking a leading pari in matters horticultural.
The Carse of Gowrie at one time was celebrated for
its orchards; these have nearly disappeared. The
remains of one can be seen near Errol station. After
Dundee has been visited, and before entering the
Highlands, Glamis Castle, one of the oldest in Scot-
land, should be visited. There is a rail from Dundee
to Forfar, and the most convenient way to reach it is
to hire at Forfar, as the Castle is some 2 miles from
Glamis station. The Earl of Strathmore is so well
known as a patron of arboriculture and horticulture,
being the President of the Dundee Horticultural
Society, which, as we have said, holds its International
Exhibition on September li, 12, and'13. Mr. Crabbe
is the forester, and Mr. George Johnston the gardener,
well known as one of the most successful fruit
growers of the present day. The vineries at Glamis
at this season of the year, with their magnificent well
finished bunches hanging so temptingly, are keenly
criticised by the numerous visitors, his lordship kindly
allowing any visitors to inspect the well kept gardens
and grounds. The plantations and woods are numer-
ous, and planting is largely and well carried on
yearly. From Glamis the route should be to Dunkeld,
vid Stanley Junction. Dunkeld to the arboriculturist
is one of the most interesting spots in the kingdom,
as growing near the cathedral are two of the original
Larches first planted in Great Britain by the Duke of
Athole, figured in these columns Feb. 12, 1S76,
p. 209. Standing on the platform of the railway
station, towering above, is Birnam Hill, now thickly
covered with young trees. It must have been entirely
stripped of every tree, if timbered as Shakespeare gives
us to understand. Near the church of Old Dunkeld
are some very fine trees, and there is one very old
Oak, photographed by Messrs. J. Valentine & Son,
of Dundee, and described as the last Oak of Birnam.
Their photos of Scottish scenery are admirably
executed and mounted, and should be purchased as
sou-'enirs, especially the Perthshire scenes. Mr.
Magnus Jackson, of Perth, has also a large number of
photos of old and celebrated trees of the Perthshire
estates, making this a special study.

Mr. John McGregor, forester to the Duke of Athole,
who resides at Ladywell, Dunkeld, should be visited
if any information is required as to what to see on the
Athole estates, and for information as to the enor-
mous quantities of young trees planted on the estates
and ground covered, consult Mr. Hunter's JP'oodsand
Forests of Perthshire ; this should be made a pocket
companion for reference whilst visiting the numerous
places mentioned. Mr. Fairgreave, gardener to the
Duchess of Athole, should also be visited, as there are
some very Bneold trees inaddition to two Larches which
are near the residence of the Duchess ; the kitchen gar-
denshouldalsobe seen, being skilfully designed, and in
the cathedral is an effigy of the " Wolf of Badenoch,"
the destroyer of one of the most beautiful buildings in
Scotland, Elgin Cathedral.

Murthly Castle, the residence of Sir William

Douglas Stewart, Bart., is about 3 miles from Dun-
keld. There are on this domain the finest specimens
and largest quantity of the newer and choicer Cali-
fornian Conifers to be found in the North of Scot-
land. Any one interested in arboriculture by calling
at the Castle, and sending in his card, and asking
permission, will at once be allowed to inspect the
estate. If possible, permission would be better
obtained several days beforehand, when no doubt a
guide would be at hand to show the most important
ohjects. The Douglas Firs arc here in abundance —
we might almost say by the mile, of large size, growing
very rapidly, and they have for many years produced large
quantities of cones, from which seeds producing hun-
dreds of thousands of young plants have been obtained.
Leading from the Castle to the chapel is an avenue of
very fine Araucaria imbricata. The last time we saw
them many of them were producing cones freely ; we
are afraid, however, the severe winters of three or
four years since may have injured them, but we hope
not. Near to these are a quantity of Lawson's
Cypress, iS;c. Memory fails to remember the numerous
specimens of Conifers and other trees, and a long
time could be spent here admiring the immense col-
lection of beautiful trees, with which this fine estate is
furnished. The visitor will leave Murthly feeling that
only a small portion of its beauties can be seen in one
visit. The new castle can be seen distinctly from the
rail some half mile from the front entrance.

Leaving Murthly and Dunkeld the rail passes
through finely wooded scenery, liallinling is the
junction for Aberfeldy and Taymouth Castle, a
princely residence, and if time permitted a day could
be well spent, the scenery being very fine from Bal-
linling to Taymouth. Our next halting place will
be Pitlochry ; a "machine" should be hiredandadrive
taken through the Pass of Killiecrankie — the scene of
many a fray — crossing the bridge over the Tilt, and
on to the Queen's View, from whence you obtain a
beautiful view of Loch Tummel, and in the distance
Schehallion towers. Upwards and beyond this is
Loch Rannoch, some 16 miles distant. And all on
the shore of Loch Rannoch is the residence of —
Wentworth, Esq,, who has planted largely on the
moor and mountainsides. Qunalaistair, lately owned
by General Macdonald but recently sold, is another
fine estate. We should advise driving through the
Pass of Killiecrankie to Blair Athole ; numerous fine
Birches will be seen about the Pass.

Blair Athole is the residence of the Duke of Athole;
the Castle of Blair stands in what in the South we
should term a large park, and little attempt at
shrubberies or dressed grounds has been made,
as they would not be in keeping with the surround-
ings. We are now in the midst of the immense tracts
of plantations that have been made by the present
Dukeand^his two predecessors; before this the moors,
hills, and mountain sides were bare of trees. Burns,
on a visit he paid to the Duke of Athole of that day,
laments the absence of trees in his poem entitled,
"The Humble Petition of Bruarwater," and addressed
to the Duke : two verses will show the meaning of
the poem —

" Would then my noble master please

To grant my highest wishes.
He'll shade my banks wi" tow 'ring trees,

And bonny spreading bushes ;
Delighted doubly, then, my lord,

You'll wander on my banks,
And listen mony a grateful bird

Return you tuneful thanks.
-> * *

" Let lofty Firs, and Ashes cool.

My lowly banks o'erspread,
And view, deep-bending in the pool,

Their shadows' watery bed !
Let fragrant Birks in Woodbines drest

My craggy cliffs adorn ;
And, for the little songsters' rest,

The close embow'ring Thorn."

Taking the rail at Blair Athole, you climb gradu-
ally up an incline through the mountain scenery,
passing " Dalnaspidal " station (where trains are often
snowed up in winter) to Kingussie. Some 12 miles
from here is the stronghold of Cluny (Macpherson of
Cluny), where still the old Highland manners and
customs are kept up. From Kingussie to Boat of
Garden Junction, changing for Grantown on the
Speyside rail, where the Earl of Seafield owns an
immense track of land, the residence being Castle
Grant. The cultivation of timber is carried on here
in a systematic manner, under the superintendence of

296

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

Mr. John Grant Thomson, well known in the annals
of forestry. Taking the rail again to Keith Junction,
you change for Fochabers. The station is about 2
miles from the town — a 'bus usually meets all trains.
Gordon Castle, one of the seats of the Duke of Rich-
mond and Gordon, situate on the Spey, one of the
grandest rivers in Scotland, is now the object of
interest ; all arboricultural and horticultural affairs
are entrusted to Mr. Webster, who will be found
most kind, agreeable and communicative on all
subjects connected with his profession, in which he
has spent a long and zealous life ; he will be able to
give any information of the neighbourhood and also
of the plantations, forests, &c., on the estate. Burns,
who visited here, and wrote a poem highly compli*
menlary, ends with : —

" Mildly here, without control,
Nature reigns and rules the whole ;
In that sober pensive mood,
Dearest lo the teeling soul,
She plants the forests, pours the flood ;
Life's poor day I'll musing rave.
And find at night a sheltering cave,
Where waters (low and wild woods wave,
By bonny Castle Gordon."
(To be continued.)

VIOLETS.

These charmingly sweet flowers for the next six
weeks should be growing apace if they have been
planted out at the right time and under proper con-
ditions. During such excessively hot weather as we
have experienced they have not made such headway as
is desirable, especially in positions much exposed.
Happy have those been whose plants have enjoyed a
position shaded from the hottest sunshine. I do not
believe in anything like absolute shade for Violets, but
I am sure generally they, and especially some of the
kinds, are greatly benefited if planted in a position
which is shaded during mid-day. An important point
in their culture is an abundance of thoroughly decayed
manure. I know some very successful Violet growers
who cultivate Marie Louise and Neapolitan in very
liberally manured ground, the manure consisting of
three barrowloads of hotbed manure and one of leaf-
soil. This is well worked under the roots, and the
result may be anticipated. If this part of the busi-
ness is well attended to, and abundance of water
given in dry weather, what may be considered a bad
position will not be of material importance. It is
useless to attempt their culture unless they are well
watered in dry weather ; the result of drought is to
prevent growth development and foster the very
troublesome red-spider — a pest always ready to denude
the foliage of its greenery; war to the death should
be waged against it by constant syringing night and
morning and during the day when clouded, and if
necessary to secure its eradication employ one of the
now numerous specifics, in addition to clean water.
All runners should be removed from the crowns as
fast as they make an appearance if the latter are to
make anything like good growth, so that all the mate-
rial absorbed by the roots may be assimilated for the
benefit of the crowns alone. If such runners are
required they can be put in a shady place in sandy
soil as cuttings, and they will come in very useful for
planting out next season — in the case of new varieties,
of course all such runners will be reserved. I believe
the best way of increasing Violets is by cuttings ;
these make the best crowns. The single varieties, as
a rule, make excellent plants in the same season if the
cuttings are put in a cold frame early in the season,
say in March or April ; but, as a rule, the double
kinds take two seasons to produce fully developed
crowns.

The method of bedding varies in different gardens ;
usually the plants are arranged singly in lines, but I
prefer the following plan, which is practised by some
of the best Kentish growers, viz,, arranging the
crowns in fives, one in the cenire, the others at four
angles, forming a square, as close together as is
deemed expedient to allow the full growth of the
crowns ; thus arranged each five form a good clump
by the autumn, which may be lifted and potted intact
or planted out in the frame. Excellent crowns may
be formed thus if the runners are kept pinched oft,
and I think the arrangement is economical as regards
mulching and watering, also with manuring. Apropos
of mulching I might just hint how important this
is in the culture of Violets; a surfacing of manure
gently assists them in keeping the ground cool and
moist, a^d thus reducing the necessity of watering,

The supply of Violet flowers in winter is of para-
mount importance to an increasing number of gar-
deners. I know of several employers who always
look for a small bouquet of them every morning
through the winter to be found when looked for upon
the breakfast table ; one, a noble one, too, in par-
ticular I call to mind, who has this as his only "fad " —
a sweet one by the way ; but look out if the Violets are
missing. After recording repeated experiments of
wintering in pots and planted out I must give my
opinion in favour of the latter, I think the best pos-
sible position for flowering Violets through the winter
is a close pit facing south, with a bed of rich loam
raised very near the glass, in which they should be
planted. This pit should have a 2-inch flow and
return pipe running round at the top inside lo keep
out frost when necessary, and prevent damping ; it
is not desirable to apply the artificial heat when the
temperature is sufficiently high outside to keep the
plants active unless there are signs of excessive damp-
ness in the frame. Thus treated an abundant and
uninterrupted supply of flowers will be enjoyed, and
one can dispense with the annoying style of matting
up every night, and frequently through many days,
which has so frequently to be resorted to when no
artificial heat is provided. Of course, potting-up has
its advantages, the chief of which is the portableness
of the pots ; they can be arranged upon shelves in the
greenhouse, or placed near the glass in additional
heat, or when nicely in flower they can be removed
from the pit to the conservatory stage for the sake of
the delicious perfume.

The number of varieties is now large, but none
excel for winter blooming the old Neapolitan and
Marie Louise, the latter undoubtedly carries the palm,
which it has a right to do, yet still Neapolitan is an
excellent variety, and for some reasons does better in
certain districts than Marie Louise. The new charm-
ing white variety of Neapolitan under the name of
Comte de Brazza has not yet been fully tested ; Mr.
Ware, of Tottenham, claims for it all those good
qualities which have made the type a favourite, and
certainly that grower has produced some good flowers.
Such a pure white variety with the characteristics of
Neapolitan is a great desideratum, for the vaunted
Belle de Chatenay is given up in " despair." Victoria
Regina is a very fine single variety, superior in my
opinion to the old Czar, although the latter is exten-
sively grown, both in pots and beds ; some plants of
Victoria did remarkably well with me last winter.
Viola.

BOWOOD, CALNE, WILTS.

The fine grounds of this extensive demesne were
thrown open to the public on the occasion of the
recent exhibition of the Calne Horticultural Society,
and thousands of persons from the surrounding dis-
trict availed themselves of the opportunity to inspect
the same. Owing to the absence of the Marquis of
Lansdowne at the seat of Dominion, in Canada, the
terrace gardens are not kept up in their wonted style ;
but the fruit and kitchen gardens, and the extensive
pleasure grounds are well maintained by Mr. Phipps,
the present gardener, and their arboreal features are
of a very interesting character. The spacious park
and outlying country surrounding the mansion is
somewhat remarkable for its undulating surface, pre-
senting a series of gently rising hills and deep valleys,
diversified by an abundance of wood and cultivated
land ; but it is within the park itself this beautiful
part of Wiltshire is seen to the best advantage. There
is a lake of considerable extent occupying the valley
below the mansion, and beyond it rises wood-crowned
heights, embellished with many trees of fine propor-
tions.

It is nearly !20 years ago that the grounds were
laid out by an ancestor of the present Marquis, who
it is satisfactory to know takes a deep and abiding in-
terest in the place. There are many trees— Elm,
Oak, and Beech, being numerous and very fine ;
Hemlock Spruce, of great age and proportions ;
some of the largest Stone Pines in England ; splendid
groups of Pinasters, Tulip trees of large size, and
majestic Cedars of I^ebanon ; there are also Cypresses,
Hollies, evergreen Oaks ; indeed, lovers of trees can
find very much to admire at Bowood.

The Pinetum, with its large collection of species
and varieties, is now finely developed ; one can only
regret that so many fine specimens have become so
crowded. In the sandy loam all appear to flourish.
The most notable among them are Douglas P'irs, a
truly magnificent specimen of the glaucous Cedrus
atlantica, very fine Abies nobilis, coning with re-
markable freedom; Cryptomeria japonica, Sequoia
gigantea, A.raucaria itpbricata, tall Cnpressqs of many

types ; indeed, all appear to flourish as if quite at
home.

The walled-in fruit garden has within the last two
or three years been entirely planted with young wall
trees, that are growing into good size, and are doing
well. Some of the old plant and fruit-houses are
being pulled down, and are lo be rebuilt. Other im-
provements are in contemplation, and by the time the
term of office as Governor-General of Canada by Lord
Lansdowne has expired, he will be able to return to his
Wiltshire seat, and find that during bis absence much
has been done of a character to maintain its old horti-
cultural traditions in the days when the late Mr. John
Spencer made Bowood so famous throughout the
country. R. D.

RHODODENDRON LEPIDOTUM.

According to the historian of the Sikkim
Rhododendrons, this plant affords a notable in-
stance of the great variability of these plants.
When first studying the species in their native
mountains, says Sir Joseph Hooker, it appeared
to him easy to distinguish, as two well marked
allied species, the plant described as R. obovatum,
with dark purple flowers and short leaves, and that
described by him as R. salignum with lanceolate
leaves and golden-yellow flowers. Furtherinvestigation
led lo the conclusion that neither the form and size
of the leaf nor the colour of the corolla afforded any
available diagnostic character, for though he never
found R. salignum with purple flowers he found
plenty of R. lepidotum with golden-yellow ones. A
third subject of variation is the number of stamens,
which in almost all the wild specimens of R. lepidotum
are eight, but which in the var. obovatum, figured
in the Botanical Ma^azine^ t. 6450, there are ten. In
the same work, at t. 4657, purple and yellow-flowered
varieties are figured ; and at t. 4802 a white variety is
illustrated. The specimen here figured (fig. 55) we re-
ceived in the course of the summer from Mr. Mangles,
whose recent death leaves such a sad void in horticul-
tural circles. In this case the flowers were purplish,
deeply spotted, and with ten stamens. In any case,
as will be seen from our illustration, the varieties are
not only well worth cultivation, but are improved by
the production of denser trusses of flowers. To what
degree the present species is hardy in this country we
are not able to say, but as the shrub grows at an
elevation of from 8000 to 15,000 feet, it is clear that
the slight amount of protection which may be necessary
is not thrown away.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Sugar Planting in our Colonies.— The con-
troversies which have appeared in the Times on "The
Labour Question in the Pacific " and "The Condition
of the West Indies " should be read together, and if
the various arguments which have been advanced are
well weighed they should serve to place the planting
interest, not only in (he West Indies, but in Mauritius,
Australia, and Natal, on a far better footing than it
has been for years past. Planters are now beginning
to know — if, indeed, they are not already aware —
with what they will have to contend in the future.
The beet-sugar industry still thrives, and will con-
tinue to thrive while Continental Governments are
willing to place a bounty, not only on the export but
on the manufacture ; and it has been pretty well
demonstrated of late that no Liberal or Conservative
Administration would dare to put on a duty to coun-
tervail thai bounty. But because English statesmen
are not prepared to alter the l-'ree Trade policy to
which this country is pledged, is that any reason why
the planters in our outlying tropical possessions should
be brought to ruin ? The answer given by all those
who know the enterprising character of our colonists
and the vast resources of our colonial empire is,
Decidedly not.

The West Indies undoubtedly feel the present
depression in the sugar trade more than any other of
our tropical colonies. But this is because the planters,
hitherto enjoying every luxury, never anticipated such
a decline, and have up to the present hanlly been
able to adapt themselves to the altered circumstances.
But we are glad to say that many are beginning to see
a silver lining lo the dark cloud which has for some
time past been hovering over them. Instead of sit-
ting with their arms folded, they have determined to
take every menn? tp ttphold the reputation of CKW t

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

297

sugar in the London market. That it can be so
upheld is evidenced by the fact that Demerara crystals
still obtain the highest price here ; and that a tiny
consignment of fourteen pockets of Australian sugar
from Sydney realised in the London market, on
August 22, iSj-. per cwt. This, we believe, is
the first consignment of sugar received from New
South Wales. Queensland has occasionally sent a

Queensland, in fact, sugar has risen to be the third
industry of (he colony, and is the only one which has
induced to any extent a permanent settlement on the
land. Over 20,000 tons were produced last year, the
average gross value of which was taken at £2^ per ton,
including freight, insurance, storage, commission,
and charges, while the average nett value to the
planter— including all classes of sugars, and the

from India. In 18S2— the last return to hand—
454753 acres were taken up on the northern coast
for tropical agriculture. These lands are fit for no
other purpose, and planters are anxiously awaiting to
develope them by means of coloured labour and the
introduction of the most modern machinery.

Looking at the sugar interest in our colonies as a
whole, it is evident that the planters do not intend to

Fig. 55,— rhododendron lepidotum ; flowers purplish, (see p. 296.)

few bags to Mincing Lane, but we believe the highest
price hitherto obtainable for Australian sugar in
London has been lis. per cwt.

We often hear people say that the times for making
money out of sugar in the colonies are over. There
never was a greater fallacy. The consumption of
sugar is now treble what it was a few years ago, and
it is bound to go on increasing. In Mauritius, in
Australia, and in Natal, increased attention has of late
years been paid to the cultivation of sugar, with the
result that all three have been largely bene6ted. In

average cost of production, taking good and bad
seasons into account, and good, bad, and indifferent
plantations — was ^15 per ton. The yield in Natal
for 1S82 was 8007 tons, valued at ^200,000. In both
countries the returns, it is believed, would have been
still greater if more coloured labour had been avail-
able. Especially is this the case in regard to Queens-
land, and it is hoped that the letters which have
appeared in the Times on the coloured labour ques-
tion will lead to the establishment in that colony of
an effective and well-controlled system of coolie labour

hand over the sugar trade voluntarily to the Beet
manufacturers, but mean to do all in their power to
fight them in the different markets of the world. And
they are right. There is plenty of money, if not large
fortunes, to be made out of the sugar industry yet,
and in the failure of one of the largest Austrian
Beetroot firms, and the improvement which has
set in in the London market, we believe we
see the dawn of a new era of prosperity for our sugar-
producing colonies. FtvHi Ihc "European Mail,"
Augmt 29.

298

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

(.Continued /rem p. 26^.)
Perhaps the most lasting impression left by the
Forestry Exhibition will in some cases be the illustra-
tions it gives of the beauty to be found in blocks of
wood. Usually the beauty of the carving, inlaying,
or artistic form, divides attention with that of the
material itself : but in a slab of polished wood this
beauty of texture, marking, colour, and often marble-
like gloss, asserts itself ; and seems but to add to the
pleasure to be found afterwards in specimens of wood-
work, whether for use or merely for ornament. As
those who are limited to a hurried visit or two might
easily, amongst the many things to be seen, miss some
of the best specimens of wood, as regards mere beauty,
it may possibly be of interest to mention a few of the
more striking examples, scattered as they necessarily
are, here and there, throughout the building.

The Redwood exhibits are sure to attract attention,
as the immense section of the trunk of Sequoia sem-
pervirens is one of the most striking objects to be seen
on entering the nave ; and close to it is a small table
of singular beauty, with a polish like that of marble,
and six polished slabs which give a good idea of the
great variety to be found in the wood of this tree ; which
is also well shown in the panelling and cabinet (stand
13) in the adjoining south transept. On the north
side of the nave, not far off, are some specimens of
Oak veneers from the old Caledonian Forest. In
beautiful marking and brilliant polish, these specimens
compare favourably with any of the foreign woods. A
large table in one of the north transepts (at the right
hand entering from the nave) contains specimens of
117 British grown woods; there are over 9000 dif-
ferent pieces of wood. It is an interesting specimen
of inlaid work.

Amongst the Cape of Good Hope exhibits (sec-
tion 7) there are some woods of great beauty ;
amongst others the Essen-wood, Eckebergia capensis ;
Karree-wood, Rhus viminalis ; Black Iron-wood,
Olea laurifolia; " Ferblantz," a curiously grained
wood ; Stink-wood, Oreodaphne bullata, very dark ;
and Podocarpus elongata, a light yellow wood.

In the Indian section, one slab of Calophyllum
inophyllum (No. 10) is II feet 4 inches by 4 feet loi
inches, and 35 inches thick. This splendid specimen
is near the north-east corner of the Indian transept.
In the same corner are fine specimens from the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands of the deep red
" Padowk, " Pterocarpus indicus. The polished
slabs against the wall, and large blocks in the ad-
joining stand, show well its varied and very beautiful
colouring. There are also specimens from the same
islands of the curious "Marble-wood," Diospyros
quaesita.

In stand No. 3S, from Ceylon, are three Cocoa-nut
boards, not large, but very interesting as specimens of
Monocotyledonous stems in longitudinal and trans-
verse sections.

The Teak logs near the upper end of the nave are
amongst the most remarkable in the Exhibition, one
log bei-ng of immense length. The beauty of the
wood in transverse section is well shown at the upper
end of one of these logs, and the varied beauty of
Teak-wood is also seen to great perfection in a very
high door (in the same part of the nave).

The Rock Maple, Acer saccharinum, is one of the
most effective light woods. There are good speci-
mens of it from New Brunswick, and also of the
white Maple, Acer dasycarpum. Of the latter the
specimens are small, but the shaded sheen through
them is beautiful, and also their satin-like gloss.

In the Japanese section most specimens are unpo-
lished, so that allowance must be made in judging of
their beauty, as compared with the highly polished
specimens of wood to be found in most of the other
sections. But besides being one of the most interest-
ing in the Exhibition this collection of different woods
contains some of remarkable beauty. Acer palmatum,
in the south transept, almost equals the American
Rock Maple in the marking of the wood ; and in the
north-west corner of the north transept are some of
the best specimens of slabs of wood in the whole
Exhibition, including Sophora japonica and Phello-
pteris amurense, strongly resembling each other ; Frax-
inus mandbhurica, a light satin-like wood ; the Japa-
nese Zclkowa, which looks as if it would take a fine
orange tint when polished ; also a curiously marked
specimen of Cryplomeria japonica, but differing much
in appearance from the fine section of it on the oppo-
site stand. On the same side (class No. 4) is Cinna-

momum camphora, a light-coloured wood, beautifully
marked. In this north transept are various collec-
tions of small pieces of wood, the most compact being
a collection in little boxes ; each specimen is from
J inch to J inch thick, and 3 inches by 2 inches in size,
placed side by side, so that each specimen can be
taken out without displacing the others. Another
collection is arranged in boxes in the same way, hut
the pieces of wood are about twice the size and i inch
thick, with the bark left on at one end. A third col-
lection is formed of triangular sections of small stems,
from pith to bark about 2 inches each way, and giving
about one-fourth of the circumference of the stem
with the bark left on. This shows well the radial
and transverse sections, and by hiving some speci-
mens cut so as to show the tangential section
instead of the bark (as duplicate specimens) this plan
would be one of the most comprehensive, as one of
the most compact, for small collections. In the
same transept is a cylinder, formed of slabs of
wood, and turned by handles, a convenient way of
arranging a collection of specimens ; each section is
about 6 inches by S inches. Amongst the ninety-six
specimens there are a few duplicates, where required,
to show marked differences in the same wood.

In the section of the building parallel to the nave
at the north side are some specimens of wood of much
beauty. A large slab of walnut-wood, with a side-
board made from the same tree, from Otterston in
Fifeshire (stand 181), shows how well this wood can
be grown in Scotland. Nearly opposite, in stand 190
(at the end of the British Guiana transept), are some
very curious specimens of veneer, exhibited by L.
Mongenot, Paris, most curious of all being a roll of
veneer of bird's-eye Maple, 340 feet long. There is a
beautiful specimen of modern wood carving in some
hall furniture, stand 177. A sideboard, No. 188, is
made of a very beautiful piece of wood.

The octagon top for a small table, hung on the
wall of the Balmoral chdlet, shows the beauty of
marking to be found in home-grown Conifers, as does
the fitting up of the chile/ itself. C. M. Owen.

ANTIDOTES AND DECOYS FOR
WIREWORM AMONG CARROTS.

In some gardens the pest of wireworm attains such
strength as to render a crop of Carrots all but impos-
sible. Hardly are they out of the seedleaf till this
pest seizes upon them and worries them all along the
lines of growth, till by the time the Carrots ought to
be fit lor use they are skeletonised into mere perfo-
rated ghosts of Carrots by the ravages of these pests.
On such soils dressings of soot, picklings with salt,
or sprinklings of paraffin oil seem alike unavailing.
The more heavily the land is dressed with antidotes
the more the wireworm seems to thrive. In not a few
cases the wireworm has vanquished the cultivator, and
the Carrot crops have to be given up. Before doing
so, it would be worth while to try our decoys and dis-
tasteful mixtures.

By planting a short-topped Potato here and there,
such as the old Walnut-leaved Kidney, among the
Carrots, the wireworm will crowd down upon the
former, and often leave the Carrots alone. The
Potatos may be lifted soon after new Potatos are
formed, and the whole, with their stock of wireworm,
taken away bodily. Or the worms may be destroyed,
and the Potatos returned to the soil among the Car-
rots, to act as fresh decoys, and be consumed by the
worms. Or, better still, the Potatos may be buried
as baits, the places where they are deposited marked
by a small stake ; the bulb examined twice a week,
all the wireworms found in or near the Potatos
destroyed, and the baits again deposited in fresh
places. It is astonishing how much may be done in
this way to reduce the numbers, and sometimes even
to eradicate this troublesome pest. Still the labour is
very considerable, and the patience and perseverance
greater than many can command. Hence a better
method consists in growing the wireworms out with a
crop so distasteful to them that they either decamp or
depart, and so far as the Carrot crop is concerned it
really matters little which. It is found that Onions
are such a crop, and hence in gardens where wire-
worms abound Carrots should invariably follow
Onions. As the latter enjoy rich ground, a crop of
Carrots may be taken after Onions without any addi-
tional manuring or preparation but that of deep
digging or trenching in the autumn. It is found that
Onions and Carrots, though both what are termed
root crops, are so essentially different and distinct

that this rotation is profitable as well as an antidote
to wireworm.

When the latter are very bad, however, it is good
practice to sow a few Onions among the Carrots ; or,
better still, plant a few Shallots or Garlic, as in these
the Onion flavour, so to speak, is more fully de-
veloped, and they seem to make the soil more Oniony
than Onions themselves. The plan answers well, the
two crops needing similar treatment, and it not seldom
succeeds in growing out the wireworm when all
attempts at forcibly pickling or burning it out have
failed. Agricultural Econoniist,

MELVILLE CASTLE,

The seat of Viscount Melville, is delightfully
situated in a level park on the North Esk, and about
a mile below the village of Lasswade, which from its
position on both sides of the river, its handsome
church on a height to the north of the stream — its
neat cottages and gardens amidst a profusion and
luxuriant vegatation of ancient trees, renders this
village one of the most picturesque in Scotland.
Entering by the Lasswade gate the avenue commands
extensive views of the valley, with its steep and
rocky banks clothed with thriving plantations and
covered everywhere with an undergrowth of Pteris
aquilina.

The Castle is approached by three other avenues,
all of which converge on the north bank of the river
at a point some distance above the Castle, from which
it rapidly descends towards the bed of the stream,
and the park, in which the Castle stands, a neat and
handsome structure, surrounded in the distance
amphitheatre-like with luxuriant umbrageous trees
which clothe the rocky declivities and undulated
knolls on both sides of the stream. The trees consist
principally of Oak, Lime, Horse Chestnut, and Beech,
and other deciduous species, and from their great size
must be very old. One old Oak, called " Queen
Mary's Oak," is said to belong to the great
Caledonian Forest, which extended from
Dalkeith Park to Hamilton, and under its branches
it is said Rizzio played the harp to the unfortunate
Mary Queen of Scots. Although the sombre top of
a Scotch Pine may be seen here and there, coniferous
trees of more recent introduction have not been exten-
sively planted until quite recently. One good specimen
of Wellingtonia stands in the park east of the Castle,
and two or three specimens of the Cedar of Lebanon j
to the right front there is a good specimen of Arau-
caria between large clumps of Rhododendrons, &c. ;
to the west, recently planted by the Hon. Henry
Dundas, is a good collection of the various orna-
mental species of Cupressus, Retinospora, Thuiopsis,
Thuia gigantea, and Abies, such as A. nobilis, A.
Nordmanniana, A. grandis, for single specimens, and
are forming nice healthy compact plants ; the north
and south portions of the park are connected by two
iron bridges across the Esk. At some distance to the
east and west of the Castle, returning by the approach
to where the various avenues converge, and at a con-
siderable elevation above the park, is the entrance to
the flower garden, bounded on the south by a sunk
fence and good Holly hedge, neatly trimmed. On
either side of the entrance gate is a small rockery,
covered with alpine plants, with a broad border of
ornamental shrubs, principally Rhododendrons, in
front of which there is a broad walk, extending round
the whole flower garden, which, with the exception
of a central design in Box and a long ribbon border
on the north side, is entirely in grass, the beds large,
and not overcrowded ; the whole has a highly artistic
effect. Some of the beds along the centre were
planted rather widely with the usual bedding stuff,
and filled in with Gladioli, Lobelia fulgens, Hya-
cinthus candicans, and a few dwarf early-flowering
Chrysanthemums, which combination forms a pleas-
ing variety and tends to take off that glare so insepar-
able from flower gardens in general. The ribbon
border, 150 yards long, is in fine flower and efTective
of its kind, the various colours standing distinct, and
the ground covered with healthy foliage, and the
whole is as neat as a new pin.

An entrance to the kitchen garden is obtained at
each end of the flower garden, the bottom wall form-
ing the northern boundary of it. The gates being so
wide apart is an improvement on the ordinary way of
having a central gate, as it gives the flower garden a
more expansive appearance, and especially the ribbon
border. The kitchen garden, some 4 acres in extent,
is surrounded with high walls covered with fruit trees,

J

Seftemuer 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

299

and subdivided in the usual way, and filled wilh the
usual crops, in excellent condition. The border,
continuous round the whole garden, is filled with
herbaceous and florists' flowers for cutting. The
top border, 12 feet broad, extending across the
garden, is filled entirely with herbaceous plants,
and is one of the principal features of the place,
which has long been famous for its collection
of hardy plants. Prominent at this season along
the back rows were clumps of Lilies, such as
L, testaceum, wilh bright heads of nankeen flowers ;
L. chalcedonicum, with its bright scarlet massive
heads ; L. candidum, with noble spikes of pure while,
interspersed at intervals along the border, and light-
ing up the whole. Alternating with these are Spir.-ea
palmata, S. venusta, which flowers freely here, Galega
officinalis alba, covered with its neat racemes of pure
white flowers ; Monarda didyma, which from its deep
crimson heads should be more extensively cultivated.
(T.nothera Fraseri ; CE. riparia, both yellow and
effective ; CE. marginata, which opens its large pure
white sweet scented flowers in the evening, should be
in every garden ; Chelone barbata, with tall spikes of
Pentslemon-like flowers, and bright scarlet Alstro-
merias flower freely, and are found to be quite hardy.
Lychnis viscaria plena wilh bright rose-colour spikes,
L. chalcedonica plena, tall wilh scarlet heads, with
numerous varieties of Delphiniums in various shades
of blue. The front row is all dwarf, and contains
some choice things which thrive remarkably well
without the aid of rock or stone. Among the flower-
ing kinds at this season were Campanula
isophylla and C. isophylla alba, C. rolundifolia
alba, C. garganica, Mimulus cupreus Brilliant, a
bright showy variety ; Linaria pallida, and Androsace
lanuginosa.

The early summer as well as the spring flowering
plants are past, but the border is so arranged for
general effect that when one plant goes out of flower
another is ready to take its place. The plants are not
over-tied but left to form neat compact bushes,
healthy and clean, as is everything else about the
place. Facing this border and at the top of the
garden is a long range of hothouses with a large
span-roofed plant-house in the centre ; on either
side are long ranges of lean-to vineries and
Peach-houses, the latter doing better here
than anywhere in the Lothians. Some of the
earlier houses were cut, but sufiicient were left to
show how well they thrive, the plants being, indeed,
pictures of health. The late vinery, which is filled
with Lady Downe's, Alicantes, and a few Gros Colmar,
is 90 feet long, and has a fine crop just colouring, and
is to those interested in fruit culture under glass worth
seeing. The subsoil is gravelly, and Mr. Mackinnon
attributes his undoubted success to the annual top-
dressing with rotten manure and the copious supplies
of water he gives to Vine and Peach alike. Along
the paths is a continuous row of large Gloxinias in a
mass of bloom, which helps to light up the fruit house.
The plant-house or conservatory, the roof of which
is covered with Tacsonias and Fuchsias grown as
climbers, contains, besides'good specimens of Camel-
lias, large Palms, Dracaenas, Yuccas, and a remark-
able fine plant of Cordyline indivisa and Dasylirion
longifolium.

Behind the north wall is a 2-acre space laid out in
grass, with a plant-stove and Fern-house in the
centre. In the stove, besides the usual occupants, is
a nice healthy lot of Orchids, the roof being covered
with Allamanda Hendersoni, Stephanotis, and Passi-
flora racemosa. In the Fern-house are good speci-
mens of Adiantums, Davallias, Gynogrammas, &c.,
interspersed with the various kinds of Selaginella.
To the east of the stove are long ranges of pits for
bedding plants, &c., with a large gravel space in front
for holding Chrysanthemums, &c., during the growing
season. Between the stove and Mr. Mackinnon's house,
which is in the north-west corner, is a grass space, in
which beds are cut and filled with Carnations and a
good collection of H.P. Roses. A raised border
behind is filled with Tea Roses, which, notwithstand-
ing their tender nature, are doing well, and flowering
profusely. Behind this border is a range of lean-to
houses, one filled with Heaihs and other hard-wooded
plants, among which were good examples of Boronia
elatior, Pimeleas, Pleromas, Tetratheca, &c. Among
the Heaths, which are healthy, were good plants of
Erica eximia superba, E. Lindleyana, E. Aitoni
superba, E. persoluta alba, 4 feet through ; and E. Bowi-
eana. Along the front of the stage, quite at home, were
nice pots and pans of Nertera depresta covered with its

neat coral-red berries, and also Primula obconica and
P. floribunda, both of which flower continuously.
Leaving the garden, which does credit to Mr.
Mackinnon's management, and following the north
bank of the Esk, by an approach of over i mile in length,
some splendid examples of Oak and Beech are to be
seen with an undergrowth of green Br.-icken in all the
gullies towards the river, through which vistas good
views of the scenery are obtained. The Edinburgh
and Dalkeith roads are reached through a handsome
gateway. Robertson Munro, Abcrcorn Nursery, Mid-
Lothian.

BULBS.

Varieties in Bulbs. — There are many different
sorts of bulbs, as any one may see who compares that
of an Onion or a Hyacinth with that of a White Lily,
that of a Snowdrop or a Tulip with that of an
Amaryllis. It forms no part of our plan to describe
all these varieties in detail, though we strongly recom-
mend the young gardener to examine the mode of
growth of bulbs of various kinds at various stages, as
a valuable means of gaining an insight into the course
of plant-life. Here we can only point out the main
circumstances upon which the variations depend, and
suggest some of the inferences that may be drawn as
to the nature of bulbs, the work they do, and their
appropriate treatment. Speaking generally, they
consist of a number of leaf-scales, enclosing or wrap-
ping round a central growing point ; and so far they
exactly correspond wilh the buds. Like many buds,
they contain not only the rudiments of leaves, but the
beginnings of the flowers ; like many buds also, they
often contain the germ, not only of the next season's
growth, but of that of subsequent ones also ; or, at
least, they contain growing points of different genera-
tions.

The individuality or independence which has been
already mentioned as one of the characteristics of
ordinary buds, is much more marked in that modi-
fication of a bud which we call a bulb. Indeed, a
bulb, as a rule, constitutes the whole of the plant ;
but it may be merely the terminal bud of an under-
ground stem or branch, and hence, though there is
usually no difficulty in defining a bulb, there are
sometimes cases in which it is difficult or impossible
to draw a line of demarcation between it and other
structures like buds — tubers, root-stocks, &c. The
differences between bulbs and buds depend on the
fact that while the bud is usually one of many con-
nected together by a common branch or stem, the
bulb itself may, and often does, constitute the entire
plant, and for the most part, though not exclusively,
it is subterranean in its mode of growth.

From our present point of view, however, the great
distinction lies in the different nature of the scales.
The bud-scales, as we have seen, serve to protect the
young growing point within from undue cooling or
radiation, and from drying up by loss of moisture
from the interior ; but they do not serve as store-
organs, and the growing point, as it lengthens into a
shoot, derives little or none of its supplies of water
or food from the scales. Their purpose fulfilled, they
are cast off, and are of no further use, unless it be to
restore to the soil some of the earthy ingredients
derived from it, and of which they contain consider-
able quantities. In the case of the bulb it is quite
different — whether the scales wrap round the growing
point, as in the Onion or the Hyacinth, or whether
each individual scale only covers a portion of the
bulb, as in the Lily, just as a single tile or slate covers
its portion of the roof. In both cases the scales are
filled with food accumulated in the past season, and
intended for use in a future one, after an interval of
rest. When a Hyacinth or other bulb commences to
grow it uses the food stored up in its own tissues,
and does not— for some time, at least — derive much,
if any, nourishment (save perhaps water) from the
water or soil in which it is placed. A due supply of
water may be necessary to help in the solution of the
nutritive matter and insure its easy transport to the
points where it is most needed. It is this necessity
for an abundant supply of water which leads gardeners
to recommend the bulbs intended to be grown in
glasses to be put in a dark place, and in a warm cup-
board, before they ar» exposed to the light. The
object of this is to aid the development of the roots,
and by their means to secure a supply of water to
facilitate the subsequent steady uninterrupted growth
of the leaves and of the flower-stalk.

So far as the flowers are concerned, their growth
depends more upon the amount of food stored up in

the bulb the season previous than it does upon any
supplies obtained this present season.

The production of flowers is, however, not the only
work the bulb h.as to accomplish. New bulbs have
to be formed, and fresh stores accumulated in them,
and to fulfil these ends aright leaf-action must be pro-
portionately vigorous. This subject of leaf-action
will have to be treated of further on ; we allude to
the subject now incidentally to protest against the
barbarous practice of some "jobbing" gardeners
ignorant of their craft, and of amateurs exercising no
thought, of cutting off the foliage from the bulbs— or,
what comes to the same thing, from the "corms " of
their Crocuses. Every leaf should be left on so long
as it is capable of doing efficient work. When its
work is coming to an end— when the sere and yellow
leaf appears— then is the time to remove it. This is
the indication that the bulb is going to rest, and that
rest may effectually be secured by " lifting,"— !.<.,
digging up— the bulbs, drying them off, and keeping
them as the Dutch bulb-growers do, in a dry place,
under a uniform temperature, so that nothing shall
stimulate growth till the desired time. It may be
objected that in Nature the bulbs are not dug up and
treated in this way, and that is of course true. The
same object is, however, attained in a different way.
For the most part these bulbous plants are natives of
hot dry climates, where, during the growing season,
there is abundant rain and genial warmih. Exposed
to these conditions, the bulb grows, flowers, and
makes provision for the future. Then comes a hot
dry season ; the leaves shrivel, the surplus water
evaporates, and the bulb goes to rest till reawakened
in the following season by the rain. In colder climates
the diminishing heat of autumn insures the gradual
going forest of the bulbs ; frost puts a stop to growth
altogether, and the bulb remains dormant till spring
rains or meliing snow afford sufficient water, in com-
bination with sufficiently increased temperature, to
start the bulb once more into growth.

There are other bulbs, however, in which the course
of events is diflerent ; such, for instance, are the ever-
green bulbs, like those of Crinum or Eucharis. Here
there is no such marked intermission of growth ; the
leaves do not wither periodically, and growth is
relatively, at least, continuous. Such bulbs are mostly
natives of tropical or equatorial climes, where through-
out the year there are continuous moisture and con-
tinuous high temperature, with comparatively Utile
fluctuation of climatic conditions. It is clear that to
dry up such bulbs would be to weaken, probably kill
them J hence their roots should always be kept moist,
and a period of comparalive rest secured by lowering
the temperature and diminishing, but not entirely
withholding, the water supply.

The Bulb and the Flower. — The variations
in bulb-conformation are, as already stated, numer-
ous, but in this place no further mention need he
made of them, except it be to point out the different
positions of the flowers. In some bulbs, like those of
the Onion or of the bulbous Irises, or Snowdrop, the
primary growing point of the bulb ends in the pro-
duction of a flower or a head of flowers ; consequently
any further growth in that particular direction is put
a stop to, and any subsequent growth, if it occur at
all, must be from below the point. !A Tulip affords
another illustration of the same kind. If a bulb be
taken up in summer after the flowering is over, and
when the leaves are commencing to wither, and it be
cut down through the centre, the following appear-
ances may be seen. In the centre is the lower part of
the stalk which has borne the flowers. From the
lower part of this stalk emerge the roots. On either
side of the central column may be seen one or more
plump new buds, destined to continue the growth
next season. These buds originate from the base of
the central column or stem, in the axil of one or other
of the scales — in fact, in precisely the same way as
before explained in the case of axillary buds. Out-
side these new buds may be seen two or three scales
now dry or rapidly shrivelling, which are the outer
scales of the original bulb.

In this case, then, the original bulb flowers, makes
provision for the future, and then dies. The Tulip of
the present year is, therefore, not the same bulb as
that of the year preceding, but a direct descendant
from it.

The Amaryllis, Hyacinth, and Narcissus have bulbs
of a different character. In them the primary grow-
ing point does not end in a flower, but remains as a
vegetative structure. The flower-stalks here are tru'y
axillary structures, coming off from the sides of the

300

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

bulb. As the older scales at the outside and base of
the bulb dry up and die, new growth takes place in
the terminal growing point, and so in this case the
bulb of the present year is the direct continuation of
that of the year preceding. Vegetation is carried on
by the renewed growth of the same original growing
point, but axillary growth also takes place, for in
general not only the flower-stalk, but numerous lateral
"offsets," will be produced from such bulbs, and,
indeed, it is by such means that bulb-growers multiply
their stock. Mention has also previously been made
of adventitious buds, and of buds whose dormant
activity is called into life by injury to the main stem.
Bulbs often supply illustrations of this phenomenon,
and one means of multiplying bulbs of the Hyacinth
is to scoop out the lower part of the bulb, or to cut it
across in various directions. Along the edges of the
wound a vast number of small bulbils are formed, at
first consisting of scales only, but which after two or
three years' growth produce flowers in the ordinary
way.

Another point may be alluded to as having a bear-
ing on practical cultivation, and that is the difference
in the leaves of the bulbs and the alternation of form
and office which they present. It is hardly necessary
to say that the scales of a bulb and the true leaves are
essentially the same, the one being merely a modifica-
tion of the other. The position, origin, and arrange-
ment of the organs in question would suffice to prove
their identity, were it not rendered even more obviofus
by the fact that the base of the leaf is often fleshy, the
free end foliaceous, thus presenting both phases in one
and the same organ. Ordinarily, however, there is
an alternation of growth. First the bulb-scales are
formed ; these are depots of food-stores derived and
accumulated from the leaves of the parent bulb ; then
the true leaves appear within the scales, they lengthen,
and in their turn acquire and elaborate food for the
next generation of bulbs. In the Hyacinth, and
bulbs of that character, there are, from what has been
said, numerous generations of leaves, first scaly, and
acting as food-stores, next leafy, and acting as food-
getters and food-formers. In the Tulip, on the other
hand, owing to its mode of growth, there are but two
generations of leaves — the first scaly, the next leafy —
and then there is an end to the growth of the plant so
far as that generation is concerned. The subsequent
alternations of scale and leaf manifest themselves not
in the primary bulb, which wears itself out in the pro-
duction of flowers and succession buds, but in those
secondary buds.

We have here illustrated two phenomena of plant-
growth, which are repeated in other organs, but to
which we desire to call attention here on account of
the very marked manner in which they are manifested.
These two phenomena are — (l), the alternate produc-
tion of modifications of the same organs, these modi-
fications being adapted to serve distinct purposes ;
and (2), the "indefinite" and "definite" modes of
growth respectively. We shall see later on that where
the main flower-stalk ends in a flower (as in the
Tulip), there is no further growth at the end of that
stalk ; growth there is arrested or defined by the pro-
duction of a flower ; but where the growing point at
the extremity of a stem does not end in a flower,
growth in length goes on "indefinitely."

The remarks made as to the nature and mode of
growth of bulbs apply, with slight modification, to
other underground organs acting as storehouses of
food or starting-points of growth, such as "corms,"
"tubers," "root-stocks," or "rhizomes," and the
like. Indeed, although in most cases it is easy to
give satisfactory definitions of these organs, yet they
sometimes run one into another in such a way that
accurate definition becomes impossible. These are
matters, however, which do not greatly concern us
from the point of view of practical cultivation. If
only the general principles of their growth, and of the
work they have to do, be grasped, the varied details
of their conformation may be lelt to the botanist. We
may, however, fitly allude to some of the commoner
and best-known forms above mentioned. Canells'
Popular Gardening.

(To be continued.)

The Farleigh Damson. — This is an astonish-
ing annual bearer ; the fruit is small, produced in
thick clusters, of fine quality preserved. Some idea
of the value of this as a market variety may be
gathered from the fact that one Kentish grower alone
sent 3000 bushels to market, which realised 141. per
bushel. This sort is largely planted to protect under-
fruit, and is the most lucrative fruit tree grown. As
they can be planted 15 feet apart, an acre would
require 193 trees. The annual sale of this Damson
is, in Mr. Bnnyard's nursery alone, from 10,000 to
15,000 trees.

AN APPLE MOTH.

In a late number of this journal we published
a description and figure of a beautiful little moth
which does much mischief to Apples, by boring,
whilst in the caterpillar state, into the heart of the
fruit. It was well known to Linnceus, and was
described by him under the name of Tortrix [Carpo-

FlG. 56.— TORTKIX WCEBERIANA.

capsa] pomonella. A more extended and popularly
written account of its life history was given in the
Letters of Rusticiis, pp. 85 and 86, from which it
appears that it feeds on the fruit of the Pear as well
as on the Apple.

On the present occasion we have to bring under

Fig. 57.— branch op applb showing the attack
ok the tortrix.

the notice of the reader an equally beautiful moth
belonging to the same family (Tortricidze), Tortrix
(Semasia)Wceberiana, a species equallyinjurioustofruit
trees but with very different habits. The accompany-
ing figure (fig. 57) represents a portion of a branch of
a Pear tree, communicated to me in February last by
my colleague, Edward Chapman, Esq., of Magdalen
College, growing in his garden at Trewen Hall (where
the Prince of Wales resided whilst at the University),
in the heart of the city of Oxford. The tree ex-
hibited a vast number of cracks along the branches,
caused by the working beneath the bark of the
larvae of Tortrix Wceberana, the cracks being filled
with minute dark brown particles of the excrement of
the larvse ; of course, such an attack must prove

greatly injurious to the welfare of the tree. In some
cases the excrement was collected in little masses,
hanging out of the cracks of the bark. In the month
of April the insects, which had previously attained
their full size, had become chrysaiids, and protruded
the anterior part of their bodies out of the cracks,
being retained from falling out by a transverse row of
very short stiff spines across each of the terminal seg-
ments of the body, which is moreover terminated by
a little brush of fine bristles, curved at the tips. The
caterpillar figured in our woodcut, is of a pinkish-
white colour. It is represented (fig.. 56) magnified
from specimens mounted as a microscopical slide by
Mr. Chapman ; the extremity of the body of the
chrysalis is also separately represented, but the en-
graver has incorrectly made the terminal bristles
straight, not curved at the tips.

At the end of April, and through the month of
May, the moths appeared, and may be found
among fruit trees through the summer till September.
It is found throughout this country as well as in Scot-
land and Ireland, and it is stated by Mr. Wilkinson
in his monograph of the family that it feeds under the
bark of the Apple, Plum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot,
Almond, and Laurel trees.

The moth measures from half an inch to seven lines
in the expansion of the fore-wings, which are of a
black colour, elegantly varied with orange-coloured
scales, and numerous irregular lines, especially across
the posterior margin of the wing, which, on account
of the variety and irregularity of the markings, we have
represented detached and highly magnified. Along
the anterior or costal margin are nine white triangular
spots, terminating in orange lines towards the disc of
the wing, with a large irregular steel-blue glossy spot
in the middle of the wing, and a long streak of the
same colour parallel with the front margin beyond
the middle, and a large circular glossy ring toward
the anal or posterior angle, within which are two
straight orange lines, which are extended beyond the
ring towards the disc. Two white dots are on the
outer fringe above the middle. The hind wings
are dark brown, rather paler at the bas«. I, O.
IVesHvood,

ROOT FUSION.

Some years ago " fusion " was accepted as the
explanation of many peculiarities ol structure, such as
that of the gamo- or monopetalous corolla. Most of
these cases of so-called fusion are really not so. The
parts are not separate at first and afterwards fused,
but merely imperfectly separated— separate above and
not below. In the case figured (fig. 5S) true fusion
of the roots must have taken place at an early stage.
The illustration is taken from a photograph obligingly
forwarded to us by Professor Henriquez, of Coimbra,
and represents the fused roots of Pinus Pinaster, dis-
covered in a Portuguese forest, and now preserved in
the museum at Coimbra. Cases occasionally occur
where the annual rings of wood continue to be formed
on the stump after the trunk has been felled. An
instance of this was sent us by Mr. Webster, of
Gordon Castle Gardens some years ago, and of which
an illustration was given at the time, showing that in
all probability the new formations in the amputated
stump owed their origin to inosculation of the roots,
such as now represented.

HORTICULTURAL NOTES IN
RUSSIA.

{Continued from p. 363.)

The Tauride Gardens.— These are among the
principal gardens in the immediate vicinity of St.
Petersburg, and belong to an Imperial palace, now
inhabited by ladies provided with residence by the
state. The plant-houses alone are here of interest,
and they include a great variety of specimens in dif-
ferent sizes for decorative purposes. The houses are
all provided with brick porches, which serve the pur-
pose of preventing cold draughts in winter. Every
building is crowded, and between large plants the
space is occupied by small specimens. Standard
Bay trees, and others more beautiful, of columnar
habit, recently put out, were much to be admired of
their kind. In the houses were all the usual decora-
tive plants, well grown and healthy. Cinnamomum
Tamala was in great quantity, and its young leaves of
reddish tint are certainly very pretty. Ficus Chauvieri,

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

301

F. macrophylla, and one or two others, are found
useful, as well as the common F. elastica. The Lily
of the Valley here was less drawn than we had
generally seen it. Lots of greenhouse plants are used
in a small state, and small Myrtles were very numer-
ous. We observed some splendid plants of Azalea
mollis. In boxes Selaginella is planted in quantity
for removal and use in various ways : cuttings of
Portugal Laurel, Roses, and Aucuba, with many
others of like nature, are struck wholesale in boxes
not covered with glass ; a Villaresia, called V. longi*
folia, was the most uncommon of the plants used
in any quantity we happened to meet with, Chlo*
ranthus inconspicuus and Cocculus laurifollus were
among those plants not used by us for decora-
tive purposes. Among flowering plants Foxgloves
are grown effectively in pots. The variegated Ivies
grown on the rafters were worthy of note, and the
leaves were often very handsome, Grapes we found

luxuriate. Several birds flying free and happy give
animation to this charming arrangement.

TsarskoieSeloe.— The Imperial palace of Tsars-
koie Seloe is the most magnificent of the Imperial
residences, and the gardens enjoy the same pre-
eminence. It is situated about 22 versts, or 14^ miles,
from St. Petersburg. The Roses and the method of
growing them were to us more interesting than any-
thing else. Some were in flower that had been
grafted only about fourteen weeks before, and the
plants were furnished with beautiful foliage and
flowers, forming excellent decorative though small
specimens. Grafting is much preferred to budding
for all but the Bengal Roses, and grafting is performed
on pieces of root for increase of stock when stocks
cannot be had in sufticient quantity. In grafting
pieces of waxed paper are used to exclude air. A
new I$?n-to hoyse lor Roses, built of large round

Fig. 58.— root fusion : pinus pinaster, (see p. 300.)

here well grown, but the Vines produce a great
many aerial roots, as we noticed them generally
to do elsewhere. From this garden the company
was conducted to the house of a gentleman, who pro-
vided refreshment in true Russian variety. His name
we cannot give, nor was it known to the majority ©f
the visitors. It was, indeed, not the only entertain-
ment provided in the most unexpected manner, for
which, perhaps, the majority of the company never
knew to whom they were indebted. The conserva-
tory attached to this house is remarkable in its way,
and it was generally admitted to be one of the finest
known to those present, not in size, but in the skilful
planting and general suitability of everything brought
into use. A fountain graced the centre, and winding-
paths lead in a charming manner among rich foliage
from one part to another, at the further end, rising
to perhaps one-third the height of the building. It
reaches to a considerable height — higher than the
principal bed-room windows, so that a very pleasant
view is obtained from them through the fine foliage of
Palms, beyond to rock-covered walls, upon which
fine-foliaged Begonias and other handsome plants

timber, like the dwelling-houses, had been constructed
during the winter, and we were informed that this
kind is better for plants than those of brick. This
house was built with double walls, and by caulking
the seams with loose rope they are made perfectly
air-tight. Frames are also constructed in the same
way, and the timbers are fixed in the common
manner of timber buildings by a kind of dovetailing
at the corners. Among the best Roses for Russian
culture are Souvenir de Paul Neron, Madame
Victor Verdier, Marechal Niel, and Geoffrey de
St. Hilaire ; but a great number of varieties are
grown, and the perfection to which they all attain is
something marvellous. Nearly all are in 32-si2ed
pots, and they often stand very close together. A
taste for Roses, it is said, was created by the Empress
Catherine, whose favourite Sower it was, and at this
day the Russian gardeners are skilful manipulators,
producing flowers nearly, if not quite, all the year
round. Disbudding is practised with some varieties
to get their flowers in autumn,

One of the warm houses contained a number of
Saxifraga sarmentosa in small pots, beautifully in

flower, and the individual flowers were large and
well spotted. Of Cymbidium sinense we found beau-
tiful specimens in 32-sized pots, which produce six or
eight spikes, and these must be very attractive when
in flower. They are grown in turfy soil. Among
the finer specimens we noticed Passiflora quadran-
gularis, which is grown expressly for the flowers ;
Clerodendron Thompsonoe, Zamia furfuracea, and
ChamxTops Martiana. The plants grown for decor-
ation are very various, and we judge that horticultural
taste from this point of view — the only one at all con-
spicuous in Russia — is wide in its appreciation. Wall-
flowers, double Stocks, Tree Carnations, and Ne-
riums are largely grown in pots. Alocasia Gibsoni
appears to be a favourite. In the orangery we find
immense standard and columnar Bay trees, Hollies,
Rhododendrons, Laurustinus, Laurels, Box, Juni-
pers, several Conifers, and, of course, Oranges, which
are grown chiefly to supply the pleasure of green
trees in winter. Some of the plants cultivated for
their flowers in this house are Olea fragrans, Ane-
mone Honorine Joberl, Antirrhinums, Rosmarinus
officinalis, Escallonia macrantha and Pittosporum
Tobira, the two last of which we saw flowering, and
the former in particular was very ornamental. Ma-
hernia odorata, with a profusion of yellow flowers, we
thought extremely pretty and effective, as well as
novel, for greenhouse decoration. It is a very
pleasing and graceful plant. In this house was a
large vase containing two kinds of plants which
formed a combination of foliage that without flowers
had a most handsome effect. Astelia Banksii fur-
nished the centre, and with it was intermingled the
stems of Ivy, which crept among the narrow leaves of
the Astelia, and drooped over the side of the vase.
Ivy is very successfully used for hiding tubs and
unsightly objects.

An important part of this establishment is devoted
to the culture of fruit, and there are twenty-four
houses devoted to Peaches, Apricots, Grapes, Plums,
Pears, and Apples, grown on trellises. Raspberries,
we observed, were cultivated in pots. Strawberries
generally appear weak in foliage, but the fruit is
fairly good, and the first crop is produced by February
24. Peaches were ripening on May 22, and Apricots
were ripe on that date, the latter not much larger
than Walnuts, but fruits generally are small. Of
Black Hamburgh Grapes, in one of the houses, there
was a fine crop. Plums are found difficult to grow,
but the most satisfactory kind is that known under
the name of the Quetsche — a long variety. Cherries
do not succeed in the open, and require to be
covered with glass on boards in the winter.
Pines are all planted out, and flourish well. The
pleasure - grounds are laid out in the English
style, and some of the views are very good.
There are fine specimens of Abies excelsa in consider-
able numbers, but the branches are more depressed
than they are in England, probably from the weight
of snow they have to bear. The appearance is so
different, that until others confirmed the kind, we
could not be sure of it. Oaks are comparatively of
large size, and we believe they are all Quercus pedun-
culata, which is hardier than Q. sessiliflora. Limes
are all Tilia parvifolia, which is the common Lime of
the country. The common Quick does not flourish
well enough to make good hedges, and it is replaced
by Crataegus sanguinea.

(To be continued.')

FOf\ESTI^Y.

Work for September.— The past season will
long be remembered, on account of the almost unpre-
cedented drought which generally prevailed through-
out the country. Trees and shrubs, more especially
those that were recently planted, have suffered severely ;
indeed, in numerous cases a large percentage of the
latter have been entirely destroyed. But the damage
is by no means confined to the latter, for in not a few
cases trees of large dimensions have been killed out-
right by the protracted drought. Beech, Sycamore,
and Horse Chestnut {the former in particular) seem
to have fared worst, and no doubt others which as yet
show but small symptoms of decay will follow in the
track. The fall of the leaf is also considerably in
advance of ordinary seasons, and already our roads
and parks show unmistakable proofs of a more than
ordinary early autumn. The excessive drought of the
present season, although very injurious to newly
planted trees and shrubs, has proved beneficial to
most sorts of hardy evergreens, and to coniferous
trees as well. The former have flowered very pro-
fusely ; indeed we cannot remember having seen such
a glorious display of floral beauty, more especially
with the various species of North American shrubs.
Coniferous trees have had ample opportunity of ripen-
ing their young growths, so that but little need be

302

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Seftember 6, 1884.

feared even though the coming winter be a more than
ordinarily severe one. Cones are very abundant this
season, more especially on such trees as Abies nobilis,
A. Nordmanniana, A. cephalonica, and the various
species of Pinus.

Planting.— Continue the enclosing, clearing, and
otherwise preparing of ground intended to be planted
during the present season. The clearing and burning
of whins. Brambles, and brush, is best done with
strong, short scythes or hooks, although in a few cases
the cheapest and most effectual method is to uproot
these with the pick or mattock.

Drainage should also be paid particular attention
to, as the future welfare of the plantations depends
much on whether this operation has been performed
or not. Where new fencing is to be erected around
newly-formed plantations we generally adopt wire
fencing, which consists of seven wires stapled to
wooden posts at 5 feet apart. The erection of such
fences— indeed, fencing of all kinds— should always
be entrusted to those who are practically acquainted
with the work, few things in connection with forest
work having a more unsightly appearance, or are
more unsatisfactory, than badly erected fencing. In
high-lying ground we generally adopt the continuous
iron and wire fencing, the cost of transit being less,
and the fence, when well erected, being equally as
effectual in resisting the inroads of cattle and sheep as
the latter kind. Plant out large evergreens, staking
and tying where necessary, and, should the weather
continue dry, a liberal mulching will be highly bene-
ficial. Every operation which interferes with the
work of planting should now be pressed forward, so
that all hands may be concentrated on this important
work when the proper season arrives.

Nursery. — In the nursery but little in the way of
cleaning should now be required, for the past sunny
weather has given every opportunity for the destruction
of weeds. Attend, however, to the insertion of cut-
tings, the management of layers, and storing of tree
seeds. Coniferous tree seeds should receive a more
than ordinary amount of attention, especially those of
the Abies tribe, notably A. Nordmanniana, as, unlike
the Pine tribe, the scales of the cones during dry,
warm weather speedily fall asunder, and the seed is
consequently lost. Turn compost heaps, and dig
well rotted manure or nursery refuse into vacant plots
and borders. Ridge up or dig roughly over all plots
from which trees have been removed, so that the soil
may be fully exposed to the ameliorating effects of the
winter frosts. Make calculations of requirements for
refilling the nursery, and give early orders to nursery-
men after carefully examining the stock.

Staking and Tying. — This is an operation that
is unfortunately too often neglected, and if performed
at all it is generally done so in a most unsatisfactory
manner. Newly transplanted trees, when over 4 feet
in height, and more especially if of a bushy nature,
should always be securely staked and tied at the time
of planting, or immediately thereafter. When we
consider the irreparable damage done to the tender
rootlets of trees when allowed to rock about with
every blast that blows, it certainly behoves us to use
every means in our power to allay the evil as much as
possible. This can only be done by a thorough
system of staking or tying, of which the following
are the most practical methods now employed :— For
trees up to 6 feet in height the best plan is that of
driving a stout well-pointed stake firmly into the
ground, and as close to the stem of the tree as pos-
sible, bearing in mind that the nearer the stem and
stake are in conjunction the greater will the power of
resistance be, and uniting these with a stout piece of
matting. When driving the stake it should be held
at a slight declination from the tree, and always on
the most exposed side. By crossing or twisting the
matting used in lying between the tree and stake a
much more effectual job is performed, as the tree has
then less room to move about when rocking with the
wind. Some people may object to this method on
the footing that driving in the stake so closely to the
tree's stem must be injurious to the roots, but this is
a mistake, as when the stake is well pointed we fmd
that next to no damage is ever committed, and it will
be found so by any person trying the experiment.
For trees upwards of 6 feet in height, and especially
when growing in exposed situations, three wires will
be found the most efficient method of steadying,
These should be placed in a triangular fashion, one
end of each being joined to a collar placed around

the stem of the plant at, say, three-fourths its height,
and the other to stout stakes driven firmly into the
ground at a distance from the stem proportionate to
the tree's height. The collars may be made of any
strong material, such as bas-mat or tarred twine,
but we find those of leather with three rings to which
the wires are attached to be not only the most ser-
viceable, but neater in appearance, and more easily
employed.

Hedging. — Push on vigorously the switching and
cleaning of hedges, and have all such work finished
up as speedily as possible. Young hedges should
receive a little extra attention in the way of hoeing,
cleaning, and slight switchings, all of which will tend
towards promoting a strong, even, and vigorous
growth. Ivy is most injurious to hedges and, along
with Elder, should never be tolerated. Where these
have been allowed free scope for a year or two it will
be noticed that the fences become gradually unhealthy
near the ground, fall out into holes or gaps, and
ultimately become anything but objects of beauty.
Another prevalent enemy to hedges is trees, the
branches of which overshadow them and soon cause
almost irreparable damage. This should always be
attended to when thinning a wood, and all trees that
are likely to infringe on the fences cut away. Orna-
mental hedges or those within the policy grounds
should receive two trimmings annually, so as to pre-
serve at all times a neat, trim appearance, whereas for
general forest fences one trimming will be quite
sufficient,

General Work. — Woodland fences will, during
hot weather, when stock of all kinds are tormented
with flies, require special attention, as will
also tree-guards and other erections for preventing
the damages of cattle, horses, or sheep. This is a
good time for erecting new fences, more especially
those in a mountainous or moorland district, as the
cost of cartage for material is much less during dry
than wet weather. Clear out all open drains and
ditches, and see that the outlets of closed drains are
not choked up by an accumulation of leaves and
branches. Repair roads and walks, lay and roll turf,
and further all work likely to interfere with planting
later on. A. D. Webster, Penrhyn Casllc, North
Wales.

^xt\\\i m\m mi ^\mm^^.

Seasonable Notes. — The days are rapidly getting
shorter, and now that the hot weather has gone for
the season, it is necessary to vary the treatment of the
plants. While the very hot weather lasted with
almost unclouded sunshine from six in the morning
until six at night, with the temperature up to 90° and
95° with all the shades down and plenty of air on,
there was no danger of over-shading. Now there is
great danger of doing so. The East India house
will require most shade,, but I would rather err on the
side of giving too little than too much. If it is seen
that the plants are not likely to be scorched let the
shades be kept rolled up. Admit a constant circula-
tion of air night and day if possible. The wall-
ventilators even in our warmest house have not been
shut since the cold weather in April, nor will they be
shut while the temperature can easily be kept up with
them open. The position of the plants in the house
is of great importance at all times but much more so
as winter approaches, for we want the plants to enter
the dark days prepared for them, by their tissues being
strengthened by light, air, and heat. In the shady
part of the house Phalasnopsids, Angra^cums, and
Odontoglossum Roezli are placed ; in the lightest
part of the house \'anda teres and \\
Ilookeri, with the Calanthes, which require
plenty of heat while making their growth,
but they flower better in the Cattleya-house.
Cattleya superba flowers grandly hung up near the
glass in the sunniest part of the house. In medium
shade may be placed the heat-loving Cypripediums,
Stonei, ki^vigatum, niveuni, iS:c. The insect pests
must be dealt with at this season ; the hot weather
favours the introduction of thrips. They have been
swarming outside the doors, and it is scarcely pos-
sible that they will not be inside, although their
traces are not yet seen. Prevention is Itetter than
cure, and it is well to dip the Odontoglossums in

tobacco-water ; move them and any other plants tha'
are likely to be injured by tobacco-smoke intoanothe
house, and well fumigate the others. Sponging with
soapy water may be resorted to in some cases if any
of the leaves are black or sticky with honeydew. A
good deal has been written about not shading the Cat-
tleya-house at all, but this is only a reaction in the
opposite direction from too much shade. I was looking
through a large collection of Cattleyas last summer,and
remarked on the dried-up appearance of the plants.
"They are dry" was the reply, "but they will be
round with the hose soon." I should not like to see
anybody going round with a hose amongst any of our
Orchids, except perhaps young Odontoglossums, in the
cool-house, during very hot weather. We never wet
the leaves of our Cattleyas, but we let them have as
much light as we can give them, shading lightly from
the direct rays of the sun only. The leaves are kept
clean by sponging. Cattleyas are now making their
growths, and young roots are pushing under and
over the surface. Those that are pushing in clusters
from the base of the pseudobulbs must be protected
from slugs, wood-lice, and other depredators. The
Cattleya-house will require very little shade now ;
they will merely require to be protected from hot
bursts of sunshine. The Dendrobiums making up
their growths require exactly the same treatment as
the Cattleyas ; and just as they are exposed to light
and air so will they in proportion flower next season.
Place a Dendrobium Wardianum on the stage
amongst other plants, suspend a similar plant from
the roof with its growths almost touching the glass,
and watch the result at flowering time. The plant
that received most light and air will be found to have
twice as many flowers on it as the other. So it is
with the sheaths of Cattleyas ; those badly matured
will produce one or two flowers ; the best grown
examples will have three or four. At present C.
Trianie is forming its sheaths and rooting freely ;
they require a plentiful supply of water at the
roots, and scarcely any shade. Other species
that have made their growths and perfected their
sheaths will not require so much water, and it
is better to let them get dry before watering
them. C. Warneri, C. Mossia;. C. Mendeli, &c., do
not like water applied to them in driblets. Give
sufficient to water the compost, drainage, &c.,
thoroughly, and no more until the compost is dry
again. Large plants will not require any for a week
or perhaps ten days, while small ones may require it
twice a week or ofiener. Gradually reduce the supply
of atmospheric moisture. The cool-hnuse still con-
tains some plants that must be moved into the Cattleya-
house this month, but not until the end of it, unless the
weather should prove exceptionally cold. The Odonto-
glossum vexillarium have been in the coolest house
since they went out of bloom, and they are now
making good growths. They will be placed on the
shadiest side of the Cattleya-house. Ttie Cattleyas,
Odontoglossum citrosmum, and O. Phala--nopsis being
placed on the lightest side. Cypripediums and Cym-
bidiums are also on the shady side, except C. Lowii,
which is hung up close ta the glass in order that the
growths may be well matured. Odontoglossum cirr-
hosum does not like to be wintered in a cool-house
with a north aspect ; we will try at least some of them
in the cool end of the Cattleya-house — they will he
placed there as soon as cold weather sets in. 7.
Douglas,

ha iarttit

|i;iut |ardiin.

The gathering of fruit will now daily claim atten-
tion. Pears, such as Souvenir du CongiC'*, Colmar
d'Eti5, Beurre d'Amanlis, will all require to be
gathered ; and that sweetest of all Pears, the Seckel,
will require watching, for as soon as they approach
ripeness the tomtits will begin at them, and do a lot of
damage in a short time. The Kerry Pippin .Apple
will be found fit to get, and the same may be said of
the Worcester Pearmain. In storing them away in
the fruit-room the windows should be left open, and
dark blinds on rollers let down to excluile the light,
and yet admit plenty of air ; and endeavour to keep
the temperature low, because when high it means
early maturity and early decay.

Where it is desirable to preserve Morello Cherries
still on the wall, in adilition to good nets it will be
necessary to ward off the rain by means of an extra
coping— it may be a temporary board, which will
answer the purpose perfectly ; and the same applies
to Plums, for oftentimes after a long season of drought
a sudden downpour of rain, though most beneficial to
many other things, is injurious to ripe or ripening
fruit. Peaches will now he plentiful, and so will
earwigs and wood-lice, after the long spell of hot dry
weather, so trap these insects with IJe.an-stalks .stuck
into the trees, and go over them every morning, blow-
ing them into boiling water, Sometimas it is necessary

September 6, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

303

to remove a few leaves, to let the sun give the
colouring to the fruit, which adds so much to its
beauty.

As we pointed out in a previous Calendar, Filberts
are a fine crop, and in many places squirrels are plen-
tiful and must b5 looked after early in the morning.
Blackberries are now in perfection ; these, when
mixed with Apples, make an excellent tart, or, pre-
served by themselves, are delicious. Persevere in
picking up fallen fruit in the orchard, for it is griev-
ous to see that which will make wholesome food lying
neglected and splashed with rain and soil. Pears
which fall will not keep, but for immediate use they
may be well utilised for stewing. Wasps are sure to be
numerous as we have found after years of experience,
and the best plan is to pay the garden boys for taking
their nests, and by that means keep down these
plagues.

Where any young trees have been budded early
they will probably require the bast to be loosened and
to be rebound ; and young trees which were grafted
this spring will require attention, and those on walls
nailed or tied in, to ripen the wood, especially in the
case of Peaches. J. Rust, Bridge Castle, Sussex,

^\ llaitiq ||Ei|%,

Transplanting. — At no season of the year is the
ground in a more suitable condition, both in respect
to temperature and moisture, than it is at the present
time, for transplanting all kinds of shrubs and trees.
The humidity of the'atmosphere is also much greater
at this season than is the case in the spring months,
there is consequently much less liability of exhaustion
from excessive exhalation from the foliage and bark of
newly transplanted trees. An additional advantage is
also gained by transplanting at this season, from the
fact that the earth temperature during the autumn
months is a few degrees higher than that of the
atmosphere ; roots are thereby quickly developed, and
the injury and check caused by transplanting is soon
rectified and the tree becomes re-established before
winter sets in. Notwithstanding these advantages in
favour of early autumn planting this work is frequently,
from various causes, delayed till mid-winter or spring
and with very unsatisfactory results. Some planters,
however, still maintain that, as regards evergreens at
least, spring planting is preferable to autumn, but I
venture to think that those who have formed such an
opinion have failed to perform the operation suffi-
ciently early in the autumn, as from this cause chiefly
arises the failures we have so frequently to deplore.
Such being the case no time should be allowed to
lapse where alterations and new plantations are con-
templated ; but every available means should be used
to commence and complete the work as quickly as
possible. Where large specimen trees or shrubs
have to be transplanted they should have re-
ceived the necessary preparations six or twelve
months previously by cutting a trench completely
round and partially underneath them, so as to sever
the roots at a proportionate distance from the stem,
according to the size and nature of the tree. Many
trees which furnish fibrous roots plentifully will
succeed with a comparatively little ball of earth, but
others, especially the Conifers and many tender kinds
of evergreens, require a larger ball and greater care
to ensure success. In cutting this trench it is always
advisable to save as many of the young healthy roots
as possible by relaying them in the trench, and after-
wards covering them with light rich soil, from which
they can be easily removed without injury when being
transplanted. Having thus prepared the tree, the site
to which it is intended to remove it should receive
attention. The first and perhaps the most important
is to provide thorough drainage ; without this few
trees or shrubs will succeed satisfactorily. Where the
subsoil is not suflncienlly porous to prevent water
stagnating at the roots ; drains, rubble, gravel or ashes
should be used for the purpose. The soil should be
prepared according to the requirements of the tree.
If it has grown well in its present position a similar
kind of soil should, if possible, be used, with any
addition which may be thought advisable for the
changed position. .Mways avoid, when practicable,
the removal of choice specimens from a very low-
lying damp position to a high and dry one, and vice

vcrsA ; still the latter precaution is not so important
as the first, as from this cause alone innumerable
failures occur in tree planting, nor does this remark
apply to large specimens only, but also to shrubs,
which seldom thrive if planted in a breezy, dry position
after having been nursed in a damp sheltered valley.
Having made these essential preparations before-
hand, and having the proper mechanical arrange-
ments near at hand for conveying the tree to its
intended position, care should be taken to injure the
roots as little as possible in transit, and in placing
it again in position. The roots should be laid out
straight, and afterwards covered with rather fine soil,
which should be well washed down so as to prevent
the soil from sinking afterwards. A good mulching of
half decayed manure — about 3 inches thick — should
be spread over the surface, and if the tree be then made
secure from wind, the operation will be complete.

In planting shrubs, although such precautions are
not so essential, still the success resulting from skilful
and careful practice amply repays for any extra time
and labour incurred in the operation. Nothing is
more disappointing and annoying to the planter than
to see the majority of his newly-planted shrubs fail
to grow. Not only is the value of the shrubs lost, but
the time and labour is also wasted, and, what is
perhaps worse still, the effect produced is also disap-
pointing. Early autumn planting and greater care in
the operation are the two chief means to be used for
remedying this evil. In planting new shrubberies a
much better effect is produced by planting in large
masses a few good and suitable kinds of shrubs, than
by planting in the indistinct, indefinite manner too
often practised. Variety must of course be con-
sidered, but it should be variety that will please, and
not a meaningless medley which tends only to con-
fuse and dissatisfy the onlooker. By planting in
larger masses this advantage is also secured. The
planting in larger masses this advantage will also be
secured. The requisite kind of soil can be the more
easily provided for any special kind of shrub, and the
effect will be the better for this provision. In plant-
ing shrubberies the chief object to be attained should
never be lost sight of; the selection of different kinds
of shrubs should be in accordance with this object.
Their nature, size, and shape should also be made
subservient to it, nor should their ultimate size and
character be permitted to go unheeded when the
selection is made. If these few simple rules were
attended to, how comparatively easy would the forma-
tion of shrubberies become, and how much more
pleasing would the after-effect be compared to many
we are now accustomed to witness. T. S. C.

Cardoons. — Take advantage of fine weather, when
the plants are dry, to get the earliest planted of these
earthed-up. This is done by bringing the leaves
carefully into an upright position, in which they
should be held by one person, while another fastens
the hay-hands (of which a sufficient number for the
row have been previously twisted) round the bottom
of the plant, winding away until the whole of the
stalk is bound round, and the end of the band made
secure. The stalks should be brought closely together,
but not be too much compressed. Proceed in this
way until the row of plants is finished, and then earth-
up till the bands are covered with the soil, which
should be pressed firmly round the plant at the top
to exclude air and moisture, and proceed in like
manner until all are finished.

Autumn Cabbage Planting. — Assuming that
the ground from which the crop of spring-sown Onions
has been removed was manured and trenched, as
advised in my last Calendar, the plants raised from
seed sown the end of July and subsequently pricked
out in nursery beds will now be ready for planting.

This should be done in drills 3 inches deep, 2 feet
apart, and the same distance from plant to plant in
the rows. The plants in each succeeding row should
be planted diagonally, the operation being done when
the ground is moist. Before drawing the drills it will
be necessary to tread the ground immediately under
the line, as it is advisable to have the ground
moderately firm before the plants are put into it.

With a view to rendering the roots of the plants
distasteful to the Cabbage maggots they should be

dipped in a puddle made of clay and a handful or two
of soot prior to being planted ; and afterwards, should
the plants, by jigging and presenting a sickly appear-
appearance, indicate the presence of maggots at the
roots, they should be looked after and destroyed, and
the blanks thereby caused be made good from the
nursery beds. The present will also be a good time
to make a planting of red or pickling Cabbage.
When this is sown and planted the same time as
Cabbages, in the autumn of the preceding year, the
heads become much larger and finer than those
obtained from plants raised in the beginning of the
current year.

Ordinary Work.— Where a sufficient breadth of
Parsley for winter and spring use was not sown as re-
commended in our Calendar for July 12, at p. 47,
now will be a good time to supplement the sowing
then made by transplanting an adequate number of
young plants in rows I toot apart, and 7 inches in the
row. From sowings of Endive made the end of July
make good plantings under south and west walls, as
also on warm borders, i foot apart for the curled
varieties, and 15 inches each way will be none too
much space for the Batavian varieties. In the event
of dry weather at the time of planting, the plants
should be watered until they have established them-
selves. Plants sufficiently advanced for blanching
should be tied up forthwith. Thin out the plants
of winter Spinach and Turnips to 9 inches apart in
the rows ; where the former crop has not already
been sown, no time should be lost in doing so. Make
successional plantings of Lettuce on warm borders,
and tie up plants as they become fit for blanching.
Cut down old stems of Globe Artichokes, and attend
to the thinning, stopping, and nailing of Tomatos out-
of-doors, so as to prevent overcrowding of the leaves
and shoots, and the breaking of the latter by the wind.
Provision should now be made for protecting the
latest sowing of French Beans from the effects of early
frosts by constructing a temporary framework and
covering at nights with mats or old sashes when the
sky indicates the approach of frost.

Mushroom Beds Gut-of Doors.— This will be
a good time to collect some short stable-dung and
horse-droppings with which to make up beds out-of-
doors for producing Mushrooms next April and
throughout the summer months. The dung should
be turned over a few times when a sufficient quantity
of it has been collected for a bed, to allow of the
rank heat and steam escaping therefrom, after which
the bed or beds can be made. They can be made
against a north wall in a dry situation— that is, in a
place where water will not lodge — about 4 feet wide
and 2 feet high at the wall, and the whole should be
trodden well together and spawned when the heat has
declined to 70°, and subsequently be cased over with
soil sufficiently moist to yield to the pressure of the
spade. The bed should then be covered with long
dry litter, over which a few pieces of board should be
placed to keep it in position. Failing the wall
accommodation the bed can be made in the shape of
a Potato-pit — say 4 feet wide and 3 feet high in the
centre — in any available spot where the ground is
higher than its surroundings, to prevent the lodgment
of water ; and where this does not exist a few bundles
of faggots placed under the beds will answer the
same purpose. In making the beds in the open air
we drive a few stout stakes into the ground
along the line where the bed is to be made,
about 6 feet apart both sides, and inside these, as
the bed is being made, a series of boards or
slabs about 6 inches wide are placed, thus forming a
sort of box for the dung, with sufficient space left at
the top to form a foundation for the mould used in
casing the beds. The latter, as above recommended,
having been previously well trodden and beaten into
shape with a four or five-pronged fork and spawned,
should then be cased over with soil capable of being
beaten firmly together, and thatched over with a foot
thick of litter, which should be made secure with
several lengths of tar- string, to prevent its being
removed by rough winds. This done, the beds so
made will require no further attention until March or
April, except to see that the covering is not displaced,
and the results will more than compensate for the
labour and time of waiting. Successional beds in the
Mushroom-house will need making up, and those
previously made should be spawned as soon as the
heat has sufficiently declined to admit of its being
safely done, and a few days later they should be
covered with soil in the usual way.

Forcing Department. — A batch of French
Beans should now be sown in pots for use in Novem-
ber. The pots, having been previously crocked,
should be only half filled with soil, of a rich though
somewhat light description, to allow of the young
plants being subsequently top-dressed to the rims of
the pots. Cooling's Ne Plus Ultra is an excellen
variety for early forcing, the plants, dwarf and com
pact in habit, being prodigious bearers of handsom
Beans, ff. W. Ward, Loxsford Castle.

304

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

tch Bulbs, at Protheroc &
Rooms.
lbs from Holland, at Stevens

Monday, Sept 8

f Sale of Di
J Morris' R<
1 Sale of Bui
( Kooms.

Tuesday,

TUURSDAV, Sept. I

Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of
,. Fruit and Floral Cominittees, at ii A.M.

Wednesday. Stpt,,,{Sal^=j4''"'l== f""" """='"''• '■^ ^'"■'"'
r Thame Horticultural Society's Show.

Bury St. Edmuntis and West Suffolk Hor-
ticultural Society's Show {two days).

International Horticultural Exhibition at
Duntlee (three days).

Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Prothcroe &
Morris' Rooms.

Sale of Imported and Established Orchids
at Stevens' Rooms.

■ Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms,

■ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Prothcroe &
Morris' Rooms.

Sale of Bulbs from Holland, at Stevens.
Rooms.

Friday,

Sept. 12

Saturday, Sept.

THE selection of a fitting Insecticide to
cope with the many insect pests that
annoy the gardeher, and often ruin his hopes,
is a matter of no small consequence. It is true
that there are many means, such as fumigation,
the use of tobacco-water, Gishurst Compound,
and a variety of other remedies which are all
more or less applicable. But in too many
cases they are only applicable on a small scale,
inefficient, or too costly for use on a large
scale ; hence we deem it of interest to our
readers to put before them some particulars
from a recent address by Professor Riley,
the State Entomologist of the United States, to
the Agricultural Society of the Hi^rault.

After a passing allusion to the means in
general use, Professor Riley proceeds to speak
of three which, on anextendedtrialand ona large
scale, have given the best results. These are
— I, compounds of arsenic ; 2, petroleum ; 3,
Pyrethrum. The two first act as a poison
through the stomach of the insect, and are
hence useful in the case of biting insects with
mandibles, while the second and third are external
poisons,killing the sucking insects bysuffocation,
or by their corrosive action. Arsenical prepara-
tions may be used with proper precautions
without danger, and are the most important
for all insects which effect their depredations by
gnawing the foliage with their mandibles. The
preparations recommended are arseniate of
soda 3 grammes (a gramme = 15 grains),
and 12 grammes of dextrine dissolved in 4
litres (say gallons) of water. Of this mixture 30
to 40 grammes are to be mixed with 30 to 40
litres of water. Another formula is 350
grammes of arsenic and 350 grammes of soda
dissolved in 4 litres of boiling water. Of this
mixture I gallon is to be mixed with 150 gallons
of water. The principal advantages of arsenic
are its cheapness and solubility. On the other
hand, danger arises from its white colour, and
its tendency to burn the plant.

Paris green, or Scheele's green, an arseniate of
copper, obviates the objection as to colour, and,
all things considered, has given the most satis-
factory results. It may be mixed in the pro-
portion of from I to 25 per cent, of starch,
which renders it viscous and durable. In sus-
pension, Paris green may be used in the pro-
portion of 350 grammes to 150 to 400 gallons of
water. The liquid requires to be constantly
well stirred, and if mixed with a little dextrine,
the viscidity of this liquid will be increased.

London purple, another preparation of arsenic,
a bye product in the manufacture of annilin
colours, is quite as efficient, much cheaper,
more soluble, less poisonous, more viscous, and
more durable in its effects.

Petroleum, especially that form known as
kerosene, has been largely used, and with great
benefit, in the case of the Cotton fields and
Orange plantations in the Southern United
States. It is used in the form of an emulsion
distributed by watering through a fine rose or
by means of spray. The emulsion is produced
by thoroughly mixing, by means of a syringe,
two parts of kerosene to one of milk at a
temperature of 30 C. (86° F.)

An equally good emulsion may be prepared
thus : — Kerosene, 8 gal.; soap, 175 grammes ;
water, 4 gal. Heat the soap and water to the
boiling point, and add the petroleum to the
boiling liquid. Thoroughly mix with a syringe
for five or ten minutes. The emulsion, when
made, is a cream-like fluid, which thickens as
it cools. Mix the emulsion so prepared with
water in proportions ascertained by experiment.
With this emulsion so prepared and used excel-
lent results have been obtained in the case of
plant-lice, aphides, and scale. As a general
rule one part of the emulsion mixed with twelve
to twenty parts of water will be found most
suitable, diluting the mixture in proportion to
the delicacy of texture of the plant or the nature
of the insect. While these mixtures may be
applied with a fine syringe a special apparatus
mentioned by Mr. RiLEY gives better results.
This is a circular vessel about half an inch in
diameter and one-eighth inch long, into which
the liquid is forced and made to circulate with
the utmost rapidity, so that when the liquid is
discharged irom a small central orifice it is dis-
charged with great force in the form of fine
spray. We hope shortly to illustrate one of
these machines, which are admirably adapted
for use in fields, gardens, orchards, and planta-
tions generally.

Pyrethrum, the powdered flower-heads of
Pyrethrum roseum and other allied species, is
well known in this country under the name of
flea powder. Used in a liquid form it is very
effectual — less so than the arsenical prepara-
tions, but not so liable to risk from accidental
poisoning.

For use underground the most satisfactory
insecticides to apply to insects preying on the
roots are the sulpho-carbonates of potassium,
sulphide of carbon, and naphthaline. Mr. RiLEY
speaks very highly of his petroleum emulsion
in the case of the Phylloxera. The emulsion is
diluted merely with two or three times its bulk
of water and has no ill effect on the roots of the
Vine, while it not only destroys the insects but
their eggs also. At present the experiments
have been made only on a small scale in the
laboratory. It remains to be seen whether the
petroleum will answer in the open ground and
what modifications of the plan may be found
requisite in practice. Professor Riley, however,
is convinced that it will prove more efficacious
than any of the chemical substances applied to
the roots. Moreover, according to him, it pro-
motes the formation of new and healthy rootlets.
Anything so strongly recommended by so
competent an authority as Professor RiLEY is
worthy of the fullest consideration and
the fullest trial. We must, however, add, that
the experience gained in this country from the
use of petroleum to the roots of Vines affected
with Phylloxera has not been satisfactory. It
must, however, be remembered, that petroleum
in the form recommended by Mr. RiLEY has
not, so far as we know, been tried in this country,
and we cannot but hope that a fair trial of the
remedy as proposed by him, and following his
instructions to the letter, may be made. With
the characteristic caution of a scientific man,
Mr. RiLEY is careful to add, that what has been
found most useful in America may not be
equally advantageous here. There are questions
of price, climate, machinery, and cost of labour,
to be taken into account, which, though of secon-
dary importance in the laboratory, are of cardinal
importance to the practitioner who has to look
to the monetary side of the question.

Lastly, we may mention another emulsion
recommended in the case of mildew on the
Vine, and that is a mixture of i per cent, of
carbolic acid mixed with soft-soap and glyce-
rin. This emulsion must be well prepared
before adding water. For the proper applica-
tion of this emulsion, the " pulverisator" in-
vented by Professor RiLEY, and of which our
colleagues in France speak most highly, is in-
valuable. We hope our horticultural sundries-

men will not be long before they place in our
hands this apparatus, of which such warm com-
mendation is expressed.

Apple Congress Report.— We are glatj to

learn that this valuable and carefully prepared docu-
ment, for which there has been much enquiry, is in
the press. It will be found, as usual with Mr.
Barron's work, full of interest and painstaking care
in compilation.

Messrs. Kelway & Sons' Gladioli.— In

our report of the Royal Horticultural Society's show
at South Kensington on the 26th ult. Messrs. Kel-
way & Sons were only credited with a Vote of
Thanks, whereas they received an award of a Silver-
gilt Medal for their fine stand of Gladiolus blooms,

Dahlias. — Mr. Charles Turner, Royal

Nurseries, Slough, we are informed, proposes to make
a special and very extensive exhibition of all the dif-
ferent classes of Dahlias — show, pompon, and single —
at the meeting ol the Floral Committee on Tuesday
next, the gth inst., in the conservatory of the Royal
Horticultural Society, South Kensington. The present
showery weather being extremely favourable for the
Dahlia, a more than usually good and interesting dis-
play of fine blooms may be anticipated, and every one
Itnows that whatever Mr. Turner undertakes he will
accomplish. The exhibition will be continued up to
and including Saturday the 13th inst.

Franciscea uniflorA. — The American

drug introduced under the name of " Manaca," or
vegetable mercury (/y<ara;. Journ. [3], xiii., ^<)%),
has been submitted to a chemical investigation by
Herr Lenardson (Dissert., Dorpat). The drug
examined is described as consisting of pieces of the
stem and root of Franciscea uniflora, still covered
with bark. The two most important constituents
appear to be an alkaloidal body, named " manacine,"
and a fluorescent substance.

Chlorophyll. — An interesting rhtiml of

the recent work on chlorophyll done by Dr. Hansen,
an assistant to Professor Sachs, is given in Nature
(July 3, p. 224) by Mr. MacMunn. Dr. Hansen
considers that chlorophyll consists of two colouring
matters, a green and a yellow, the relative propor-
tions being 100 of the former to one of the latter.
They are not combined, but exist side by side in the
plant. Both have been obtained in the crystalline
state, the green forming spheroidal crystals and the
yellow crystallising in needles. This has been effected
by removing the fatty matters accompanying them by
saponification and separating the chlorophyll yellow
by petroleum spirit, in which it is soluble, while the
chlorophyll green is not. The solution of the latter
shows a red fluorescence, but that of the yellow shows
none.

Bilbergia Sanderiana. — A Brazilian

species with tufted, glabrous, oblong-obtuse, mucro-
nate leaves with strong, marginal spines and long,
loose, many-flowered racemes, with rose-coloured
bracts and long green flowers tipped with blue. It
was discovered by Glaziou, in the province of Rio
de Janeiro, and introduced into commerce by Messrs.
Sander, of St. Albans. Btl^gui HorticoU, pi. I,
1884.

Clerodendron fcetidum. — The specific

name of this desirable plant is rather misleading to the
uninitiated. The foliage unquestionably is possessed
of a disagreeable odour, but the flowers, on the other
hand, are as agreeably fragrant. They are borne at
the end of stilfish erect branches in rather large um-
bellate cymes, and as the flowers of each truss do not
all expand simultaneously, a curious but rather en-
gaging effect is produced. The unopened buds are of
a deep rosy-red colour, while the expanded blossoms
are of a soft pink. The foliage is ample, dark green,
and handsome. Usually the plant assumes the
character of a low bush, about 2 or 3 feet high, but
luxuriant shoots sometimes attain a much greater
height. It is figured in the Botanical Magazini,
t. 48S0, and being a native of Northern China, is conse-
quently tolerably hardy. Were its merits better
known, it would be worth while to put its hardiness
to a much greater test than has hitherto been done in
this country, with a view to acclimatise it. A flower-
ing specimen at the foot of a south aspect wall at
Kew has a conspicuous and telling effect, amongst a
collection of other choice shrubs.

I

September 6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

305

Wall Fruits at Ditton Park.— We

have recently seen the wall trees at this old Bucking-
hamshire place, and can again testify to the splendid
crops of Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines Mr.
Lindsay has again secured, in spite of the bitter
weather of April last, when so much harm was done
to our fruit bloom. Even Plums, too, have borne, and
are bearing, excellent crops ; and in all cases, be it
understood, with but a minimum of protection given
to the blossom. A little was given to some of the
Apricot trees, though other Apricots unprotected were
not less fruitful, whilst the now heavily laden Peaches
and Nectarines got none whatever. Healthier trees,
in spile of the great age of many of them, could hardly
be seen. They make ^nno^lly fine growth, and the

make many young fruit growers stare with astonish-
ment.

Single Dahlias.— Owing to the ease with

which these beautiful decorative flowers can be raised
from seed, we now find them largely grown in almost
every garden, where they serve many useful purposes,
and they are specially valuable in supplying flowers
for cutting. Hardly any prettier use, however, have
they been put to than is seen in the kitchen garden
walk at Heckfield, where Mr. WiLDSMITH has
planted them at intervals close to the hedges of
Cupressus Lawsoniana which margin the long fJower
borders here. Thus planted the flowers, of various
rich hues, 6nd in the dense greenery of the hedges a

out early and strong, but a few raised later may mean
a longer continuance of bloom in the autumn, and
some even later raised plants got into good-sized pots
will, under glass, continue the succession with the
Chrysanthemum right on to Christmas,

Cereus triangularis. — The flowers of this

species, when in bloom, have a very imposing appear-
ance, both from their great size and the curious effect
produced by the spreading segments of the calyx-tube.
The distinct differentiation in the colour of the calyx
from that of the corolla is also a marked feature of
this species. When fully expanded the inner seg-
ments, of great length and a clear straw colour, roll
back in an elegantly stellate fashion, exposing the

Fig. 59. — the flower garden at audley end. (see p. 293.;

foliage is luxuriant, green, and vigorous. Watering
over the immense extent of wall covered at Ditton by
trees of all kinds is out of the question, but the trees
on the south borders get a mulching of straw or long
manure. The real secret of the wondrous success of
the trees growing here seems to lie in the preparation
of the soil and method of planting, the which we have
described in previous volumes. The soil itself does
not differ materially from that found in any good
garden, and certainly there is no large supply of good
turfy loam to be obtained when new trees are planted.
What is so remarkable is, that whilst hardly a season
passes without these stone fruits giving good crops,
those taken are, as a rule, much heavier ones than
many gardeners permit their trees to carry. Mr.
Lindsay for good reasons crops heavily ; indeed,
when we saw the Peaches and Necarines the other
day the treees were studded as thickly as could be
with fine fruit, presenting a sight that might well

fitting background, whilst the monotonous faces of
the hedges are relieved by means of much fitting
floral beauty. On the terrace we have seen single
Dahlias making not only effective beds, but also tell-
ing admirably in the raised basket beds, where with
other tall free growing plants they create features that
stand out in striking contrast to the pretty carpet
beds below. Though thus freely employed in garden
decoration, yet to supply cut flowers a score of plants
should be put out in some odd comer for that pur-
pose. It is hardly fair to plants to expect them to
make a flower garden look gay and yet be required
to furnish an abundance of cut flowers also. Not only
does single Dahlia seed germinate easily, even without
heat, but the parent kinds are so readily reproduced
that any one possessing seed of a good strain may
always be certain to get good flowers from their seed-
ling plants. No doubt it is best to sow in a little
warmth, and thus get the plants along and fit to turn

numerous large white petals and mass of stamens.
If allowed to follow its natural disposition it would
trail on the ground or scramble amongst other vegeta-
tion, and throw out roots from its great triangular
stems. Trained up the rafters, however, as it is in the
Cactus-house at Kew, the huge flowers are shown off
to advantage, A figure of it appeared many years
ago in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1884.

Odontospermum maritimum. — This, writes

Mr. WOLLEY DoD, is the name sanctioned in the new
Genera Plantarum for a plant hitherto better known
by the generic name of Asteriscus or Buphthalmum.
I have before called attention to it in these columns,
but I shall ask to be allowed to repeat the call until
so beautiful a plant is more generally grown. In its
native countries, the Mediterranean coast, it is a peren-
nial suffruticose herb, of spreading habit, about a foot
high, abundant, amongst other places, on the Rock of

3o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

Gibraltar, where, as my son informs me, the shades of
yellow of the flower vary. In cultivation it must be
treated in this country as a half-hardy annual, to be in-
creased by cuttings in autumn. As it makes nothing
but flowering shoots, these must be slipped ofl when
about 3 inches long, when the bud is small ; the
rough base of the shoot must not be cut, but the
basal leaf carefully cut off without injuring the bark of
the cutting, which must be inserted in silver-sand
and struck under close glass. It is rather apt to damp
off in winter, and must be carefully kept from frost
as well as from damp. It repays all the trouble, for
if planted in a sunny border of deep dry sandy soil,
or a sunny rockery, in May, it produces from July to
October such a mass of gay flowers of brilliant yellow
— larger and brighter than those of the Corn Mari-
gold—as will please the most fastidious of florists.
The habit is dwarf and spreading, and it deserves to
stand first in its class. C,

Fungus Meetings.— The Hereford "Fun-
gus Foray" is appointed for the week October 13 to
iS, the chief excursion, or Club day, being on Thurs-
day, October 16.

DiPLADENIA Elliotti. — Under this name

Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., of Exeter, send
leaves and flowers of this new form. The leaves are
oblong, cordate, acuminate, wavy, and of black-green
colour above, paler beneath. The flowers are borne
in cymose racemes, or long clusters, each on a jointed
pedicel. The calyx is not much more than a quarter
of an inch long, of fine lanceolate acuminate segments.
The corolla measures about 4 inches across, with a
funnel-shaped tube if inch long, and a flat 5-lobed
limb, the lobes suborbicular, obliquely acuminate, of
the richest rose-pink, the interior of the tube being
yellow, striped with pink. Holding the flower-bud
in front of one the spire formed by the overlapping
corolla-lobes passes up from below, from the left hand
to the right — of course in the opposite direction when
viewed from above downwards. It is necessary to
mention these details, as botanists seem quite unable
to fix conventionally what is *' dextrorse " and what
"sinistrorse." Taking Bentham and Hooker as
our authority the twist in the present case is dextrorse.
About such particulars, however, cultivators care
little — and wisely so. It is more to the point to
indicate this, judging from the specimen before us,
as a very lovely addition to a lovely group. What
its history is we do not know, but we presume it is a
seedling, and not a species. If this surmise be correct
it would be better to alter the lorm of the name, so
as not to convey a wrong impression.

Heckfield Gardens. — It will interest

many of our readers to learn that these charming
North Hampshire gardens and beautiful surroundings
will, through Viscount Eveesley's usual kindness,
be thrown open to the public again during the whole
of the ensuing week, that is, from the 8th to the 13th,
both inclusive. The flower garden is again this year
exceedingly pleasing, and is, if possible, more attract-
ive than ever. The hot summer has promoted the
growth of all tender plants materially, and recent
rains have given an air of freshness to the place that
contrasts strongly with what we have seen during the
summer. To reach Heckfieldja charming ride through
delightful country districts must be made, and near
it may be found other attractive places in Elvetham,
Stratbfieldsaye, and Beatwood.

BiGNONiA radicans. — In a situation that

suits it, this is one of the most striking things any one
can have, as there is no other climber at all like
it in colour, the big trumpet-shaped flowers which
it sends out so freely in clusters at the ends of its
shoots, being of a rich coffee-brown, contrasting well
with the foliage. The only place where plants
succeed well is on a wall fully exposed to the sun, as
they require a good deal of heat to ripen and harden
the wood, which, unless it gets into a mature condition,
suffers from frost, and is often killed during winter.
The soil for planting should be made light, and have
drainage, and the shoots, as they grow, should be kept
tied or nailed close to the wall till the space is covered,
when the plant may be allowed its own freedom. As
the flowers come on the young wood it is necessary to
prune every spring, which should be done by spurring
all the best shoots in, cutting them back to the last
bud from whence the plants will break and show
bloom. In a general way plenty of suckers are sent
up from the main roots near the base, but if not, and

an increase be desired, cuttings may be made of any
of the prunings, and if they are put in under hand-
lights in a sheltered position and protected, they will
strike by the spring. On rough walls the branches
of Bignonia radicans cling like Ivy, and therefore
require but little help to keep them in their place
as they grip tenaciously and hold on to the bricks
behind in a very close way.

The "Gardening World."— The world is

a very big place, or a very little place, according to the
standpoint of the observer. It is, therefore, both big
and little. The centre of the gardening world seems to
be comprised within a mile of Covent Garden ; indeed,
17, Catherine Street, whence the new ;Fo;-/i/ starts on
its career through space, is within a stone's throw of the
market : but the circumference, who shall tell where
that is? It is just that uncertainty, we suspect, that
has led Mr. Brian Wynne to cast his stone into the
pool in the hope that in the ever-widening circle he,
too, may cast his net, and secure his share of the
haul. Why not ? Long practice in this office should
render him an expert, and we have none but good
wishes to offer him in his new career. He starts well,
and doubtless in future numbers will break out into
grooves not quite so much like the old ones. Matter,
type, paper are all excellent for the money.

The Foreign Grass and Clover Crops.

— Information which has just come to hand shows
that a more favourable yield of the crops of grass seeds
generally than was anticipated some time since is
being realised, some of the leading sorts having been
harvested in larger quantities, while some will be as
scarce as last season. At the present time there is a
brisk demand for the stronger and heavier seeds, as
might be expected. Meadow Foxtail and Meadow
Fescue have been harvested in very fine quantities,
and prices range lower than they did. The crops of
Cocksfoot appear to have been very large everywhere
except in Germany. The weather during harvest
time was generally unfavourable, and care has to be
exercised in the selection of samples, the general
quality of which is undoubtedly below the average.
Poa pratensis shows fine quality, and the crop is more
extensive than for some years past. Poa nemoralis
and P. trivialis have been harvested in their usual
limited quantities, the latter, however, showing a
quality seldom matched. The German growers state
that the seeds offered from the United States of
America under the names of P. nemoralis and P.
trivialis are spurious, and mostly P. pratensis. Hard
and Sheep's F'escue have come in from the growers in
much smaller quantities than was anticipated ; it was
confidently believed that a satisfactory, if not a heavy
crop, would have been gathered, but those appear to
have best realised the position who predicted a small
yield. The quality also is unsatisfactory, and there
are very few good samples. White and Alsike Clovers
promise well in Germany, but in the same districts of
Darmstadt but a small yield of red Clover will be
forthcoming, though there is a prospect of much
better crops in Silesia and Bohemia.

Crops or the Year in Britain.—

On Saturday last M. Estienne, of Marseilles,
issued the first copies of his annual volume on the
crops of the year in the Northern Hemisphere,
entitled Avis sur la Ricolte dcs Ccrjales en France el ,'i
r Etranger. The date is about five days earlier than
is usually the case, and this fact alone points to the
fact that the season of 18S4 is a noteworthy one for its
earliness. This annual volume is looked forward to
by the corn trade with great interest. It is published
by the great firm of corn merchants at Marseilles, and
is embellished by a large coloured map of the Wheat
crop in the various departments into which France is
divided. So far as Europe is concerned, an average
harvest of Wheat is reported, but when America and
India are thrown in the harvest of this cereal must be
put down as one especially bountiful. Next to France
we have the crops of the United Kingdom reported
on. Besides a number of very short excerpts from
letters, &.Z., there is one very full report — the fullest
in the volume— on the English harvest in 18S4.
This was written on the nth of August, and gives the
following picture of the crops of the year— 100 being
taken as representing an average : — Wheal,
I12.2; Barley, 98. 1 ; Oats, 94.3; Potatos, 10S.4;
Beans, 88.2 ; Peas, 91.4; roots, 78.8; grass hay,
79.1 ; and clover hay, 82.4. By this time these
figures have been practically confirmed by subsequent

reports— those collected by the AgrictiUural Gazelle a
fortnight later being almost the same. In spite of a
few bad reports from those who have already used the
threshing-machine, it is certain that we have this year
a bountiful Wheat harvest, and one of the best since
1S74, though not quite equal to that of 1S6S. Barley,
too, is a good average crop, the grand weather for in-
gathering bringing up the yield slightly, and giving
us also a good sample. One of M. Estienne's cor-
respondents gives his estimate of the yield of Wheat
at 11,000,000 qr. for consumption, and'this is based
on the fact that the crop is exceedingly good in those
districts that are specially adapted for Wheat, and
where the yield is always largely above the 28 bush,
per acre adopted as the average of the kingdom.
This he estimates will leave us dependent on foreign
supplies for at least 13,000,000 qr., and to meet this
demanil at least 20,000,000 qr. may be expected to
be offered us. The reports on the harvest in Scot-
land all speak of the prospect as good. Both for this
country and Ireland the season has been good, though
the coldness of the rains of May and June acted
adversely to the growing crops. In Ireland the
Potato crop promises to be an abundant one, but the
drought in August has almost destroyed the green
fodder crops.

The Heat in NorfolIv.— Those young

men who are given to convey their thoughts to their
fellow mortals in sKang phrases will hardly fail to
designate the present season as having been "a
scorcher." The effect of the great heat and general
absence of rain has, in Norfolk, become during the
last week very observable by the eflect it has pro-
duced upon the foliage of many of the trees. Ten
days ago we noticed that some small Elm trees grow-
ing beside the road which leads from Lynn to London
were casting their leaves as if it were October ; their
foliage had a beautiful golden hue, but it was sad to
see at the beginning of August the yellow leaves fall-
ing in showers as they do after a Irosty night in early
autumn. Many other roadside Elms have followed
suit. Three days ago we noticed some of the Horse
Chestnuts had also assumed their autumnal hue. But
perhaps the trees which have suffered most have been
the young Beeches — their aspect is indeed melancholy
to behold. The leaves are brown and dead, but have
not the warm russet tint which is so characteristic of
them when they die naturally. Many Ash trees we
particularly noticed had their leaves truly scorched ;
they look as if they had been destroyed by a keen
frosty blast blowing over them. The hedges, too, are
in most places beginning to look yellow and autumnal.
The Larches have suffered, too, very much in places ;
but the Oaks are as green as ever they were. These
effects are at present confined to the smaller trees
almost entirely.

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. I, 1SS4, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Oftice, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. ;
— The weather has been generally cool, unsettled, and
showery. Thunder occurred in some parts of England
at the close of the period. The temperature has been
from 2' to 4° below the mean for the time of year. The
maxima, which occurred on various dates in the dif-
ferent districts, ranged Irom 70° in the Midland
Counties, and 69° in " England, S.," to 63 in
•'Scotland, N." and "Scotland, E." The minimum,
which were observed during the earlier part of the
week, varied between 37^ and 42^ in most parts of the
kingdom, but in the "Channel Islands" the ther-
mometer did not fall below 51°. The rainfall has
been less than the mean in "Scotland, E ," and
" Ireland, S.," and about equal to it in "England,
N.E.," but more in all other districts. In most parts
of l''ngland the excess has been considerable. Bright
sunshine has been much less prevalent than of late.
In " Scotland, E." the percentage of possible dura-
tion amounted to 50, and in the " Channel Islands"
to 46, but elsewhere it ranged between 18 and 34.
Depressions observed : — At the commencement of the
perrod an anti-cyclone existed to the south-westward
of our islands and west or north-westerly breezes, with
fair but cool weather were reported generally. On the
27th ult., however, the high pressure system receded
to the southward, and from that time till the close of
the week numerous shallow depressions advanced
over our islands, occasionally varying southerly and
westerly breezes and showery weather.

Gardening Appointment. — William

Barry, lately Plant Foreman at Arundel Castle, as
Head Gardener to Harman Grisewooo, Esq., The
Den, Bognor, Sussex,

September 6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

307

DISEASES OF GRAPES AND

GOURDS.

In one of the vineries at Chiswick the growing
bunches of Grapes are badly attacked by the fungus
named Oidium Balsamii, Mont. The disease is
specially noticeable in the Black Alicante and Gros
Colmar varieties. The fundus does not attack the
leaves or fruit but appears to generally fix itself near
the base of the main stem of the fruit panicle. This
part of the stem it encircles with a broad greyish ring of
mildew, which grows on a gouty swelling which is
produced by the fungus. In some examples the
Oidium may be detected on all branches and branch-
lets of the panicle. I have never seen this fungus
invading Vines before, and it is most desirable that it
should be kept in check as Oidium Balsamii, Mont.,
is a much larger and more robust growing species
than the common O. Tuckeri, ]J., which one so
commonly sees on Vines. Sulphur or other remedies
should be used, as the fungus is likely to spread, and
the gouty swellings on the stems are a bad sign, as
they certainly indicate the potency of the visitor over
the Vine.

In another house at Chiswick where American
Vines are grown there is a prodigious growth of the
same fungus on certain varieties of Gourds. Some
plants are so badly attacked that they look as If their
great leaves had been whitewashed, so thick is the
deposit of mildew. I have never seen the fungus on
Gourds before, and it is remarkable that some
varieties in the same house are quite free from it.
The American Vines are not attacked, but some of
them exhibit patches of the smaller O. Tucken, B.,
on the leaves.

Of late years Oidium Balsamii, Mont., has spread
greatly io this country. At first it was only known
on Strawberries and Mullein, now it has been
recorded it its worst form on Turnips and Cabbages,
Mr. Piowright and other correspondents sent ex-
tremely bad examples of the disease on Sainfoin this
summer, and now we have it on Gourds and Grapes.
The fungus appears to be capable of invading at least
six natural orders of plants — the Scrophulariacex, the
Rosacece, the Cruciferae, the Leguminosx, the
Crassulacece, and the Ompelidese. The fungus was
illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ September
25, iSSo. W. G. Smith.

OUR FRUIT SUPPLIES.

The recently published official trade returns for
last year enable us to get some insight into our
dependence on fruit from across the Atlantic.
From the United States we received but 273,825
bushels of Apples, valued at 1^126,219, against
double that quantity imported in the previous
year, and but 2420 bushels of unenumerated fruit,
against 4016 bushels in 1SS2. From Canada also
only half the quantity of Apples — 105,113 bushels,
in place of 203,104 bushels. From the Azores
came 191,799 bushels of Oianges, against 314,236
bushels in 1SS2, and 16,376 bushels ot unenume-
rated fruit — 1600 less than the previous year. The
Brazil-nuts received, to the value of ;i^27,ooo, was
only half the amount of the previous year. From
the British West Indies we received Cocoa-nuts to the
value of ;;^5S,ii6; and from British Guiana Nuts
(probably aapucaia) value ;i633S3. The total imports
oi fruit in 1S83 were as follows, with the value : —

Q Liantity.

Almonds, cwt. .. .. ..

Apples, bushels .. ..

Currants, cwt. . . . . . .

Figs, cwL

Oranges and Lemons, bushels . .

Raisins, cwt.

Unenumerated fruit, raw, bushels

,, ,, dried, cwt

Plums and Prunes

Nuts : Chestnuts, Walnuts, Cocoa-nuls,
Brazil nuts

Value.

61.654

;£232,26o

3,S5I.9»5

553.488

1,026,584

1,423,062

123.434

262,671

4,477.043 [

1,704,826

588, 3C9 1

J.057,934

s,65o,475

1,380,952

299. 866

303.337

41,131

95,307

- i

455,124

;£7,469,96i

;^7,5oo,cioo is a large sum to pay annually for
foreign fruit.

J40JV1E 5^0RRE3P0P^DE]MCE.

Potato Disease. — In spite of the weather
here and there throughout the country the Potato
disease manages to keep alive. It has a hard strug-
gle for existence, as the numerous burnt Potato
leaves show, each burn being nothing more than a
spot where the mycelium of the fungus has gained an
entrance only to be killed by the excessive heat. We
shall have it cool again some time soon, and the
Peronospora will have its turn. When this time
comes, may I suggest to those readers of the Gar-
deners^ Chronicle who grow Potatos and are sul'li-
ciently interested in the subject of the Potato disease,
that it is highly desirable to notice whether the
disease in the tubers commences on the upper or on
the under surface ? If it be true that the disease
reaches them through the underground stems from
which they spring, then the disease will be found
commencing at the point of attachment of the tuber
and the stem ; and also the underground stems will
be found diseased before the tubers themselves are.
But if, on the other hand, the disease reaches the
tubers from above, then the upper surface of the
tubers will be the first to be attacked. This point
needs no microscope to decide it, and when once
decided by practical men, will do more to check the
ravages of the disease than pages of controversial
literature penned by theorists. Charles B, Ploioright^
7, King Street^ Kin^s Lynti^ Au^> 15.

Capparis spinosa. — I am not surprised that my
friend Mr. Ewbank is delighted with his flowering
plant of Capparis, for I know of none more beautiful,
but I am surprised that it is not more grown. I feel
quite certain that it would be perfectly hardy
in the south of England, especially near the
coast. Many will recollect the old plant of it
that grew in the Oxford Gardens in a most
unfavourable spot. I grew it here for many
years, and often had flowers on it, though only in
good summers, but I lost it in the bad winters of
iSSo-i. It should be planted in the very sunniest
place that can be found, and I fancied it liked a stony
soil, and stones all about it. Those who cannot grow
it out-of-doors should grow it as it is at Paris and
Kew — planted out in a frame.land the lights off all the
summer ; in this way it will take care of itself, and no
one will grudge the room it will occupy, Henry N,
Ellacombe, Bitton Vicarage.

Mr. Ewbank is fortunate in producing the

lovely flowers of this plant, but as doubt is ex-
pressed whether or not it has flowered before in
this country I may say that it flowered at Kew some
years ago both against the west wall of the old
economic-house, which stood somewhere on the
ground of the present Victoria-house, and also against
the east side of the wall of the herbaceous ground
facing the new rock garden ; it therefore will flower
at the foot of a wall m a climate less mild than that
of the Isle of Wight. But the finest specimen I
have ever seen was in the Jardin des Plantes, of
Paris, where it grew planted out in a frame, open in
summer, when I saw it, but, no doubt, it was covered
in winter. Mr. Ewbank has well spoken of the beauty
of the flowers, which I well remember, and I have
long looked forward to giving it a position like that I
saw it enjoying in Paris, which it will have, fortunately,
before long. It is well worth such care, and probably
it never can flower in a pot. This is the finest plant
one can have to illustrate the usually stipitate ovary
ol the order. R, Irwin Lynch ^

Starlings. — I hope you will allow me to give some
expression to my indignant feeling on reading the
letter about starlings in the Gardeners' Chronicle of
August 23. Persons who are so ignorantly cruel
and so blind to their own interest as to destroy these
and other small birds deserve to suffer in their
gardens. Of course it is well known that starlings,
blackbirds, and thrushes will all of them devour fruit
when they can get it. Therefore, as you most justly
remark, the fruit must be protected by nets, or saved
in some way. A gardener who is not a match for
the birds is not worth his salt. If he be ignorant and
witless he will take his gun, or his unlawful poison,
and destroy them right and left — thus doing perma-
nent injury to his garden in order to save a season's
crop of fruit. I remember how once in the Cherry
season, our gardener being on the watch betimes one
Sunday morning, spied a whole flock of starlings in
the very act of bearing down upon our finest Cherry
tree, which was loaded with fruit. He did not get
his gun, but he promptly fetched ladders and his
men, and the whole crop was safe in our baskets
before nine o'clock, notwithstanding it being Sunday
morning. Birds are always more on the alert on
Sundays, therefore you must meet their cunning and
quickness with your own decision and good sense,
In the Cherry orchards about here they have boys,
early and late, to *' keep " the birds. The analogy

may not hold good all round, but it is surely much
the same thing to leave the fruit unprotected from
birds as it would be to leave the garden unfenced,
for the cattle to come in and devour the cabbages and
tread down the lawns — they like the change a great
deal better than always eating plain grass. But if
the starlings take advantage of a quiet morning for
their fruit raids they also make good use of it for
energetic grub-hunting. At this moment there are a
dozen or so of starlings — mostly young, as I judge
from their brown plumage — busily engaged all nver
that part of our lawn seen from the windows. They
are pulling up grubs as fast as their beaks can go
from turf so burnt in patches you would think it
hardly possible anything could live in it. Two or
three greenfinches {your correspondent's friend would
have shot them long ago) are at the same work, and
several sparrows also. All day long, indeed, at this
season birds of alt kinds are at work on the lawns,
and even upon the gravel walks, pecking at minute
weeds. If it were not for them, indeed, I know not
where we should be, as to herbage at least. Chance
the other day revealed something of the enormous
multitude of insect life (which unchecked means
destruction to green things) that exists even in these
sun-burned lawns. Some large fur carriage rugs were
laid out in the sun on the grass some days ago, the
fur being uppermost. On being turned over after a
few hours the scarlet cloth linings were found to be
thickly sprinkled over with hundreds of little brown
weevils, besides a good many brownish grubs, all
of one kind. All these insects — though generally
unseen by our eyes — must, therefore, be living in
the grass or just below the surface, notwithstand-
ing the continual eff"orts of the birds, whose prey
they are. And since it is my pleasure to watch
our birds I know for certain how hard they work,
while their fine condition proves how vast must be
the numbers of fat larvce, &c., they must swallow.
They are as plump as possible, and without fruit,
E. V, B.

Mirabelle Plums. — These should be more com-
monly grown than they are, as they are particularly
useful for winter preserving, in sugar as whole fruit,
candied, or for compotes in syrup. There are three
sorts, the yellow, green, and white, all of which ripen
late in August or in September. The fruits are small,
about the size of a starling's egg, and are produced in
great numbers on standard trees, which will succeed
as such in all those districts in which Denyer's Victoria
and Early Orleans do well as orchard trees. There is
a late sort that does not ripen till the end of September,
and then only on a wall, for which position it is
hardly worthy, and there is an early sort called Dor-
rell's variety, which is probably not to be procured in
this country. The trees are dwarf growers, therefore
as suitable for the small garden as lor the large one,
and being great bearers when of mature age growth is
never rampant, and they will be found to need but
little pruning. M.

Pine-apples in Peat. — Many of the old Pine
growers, when Pine growing was more generally
carried out than is the case at the present time, advo-
cated the use of peat-soil for the potting of the Pine,
Others again regarded it as the most unsuitable
material for the purpose. The only peat that has
been so found is that light spongy kind, such as is
used for Orchids and stove succulents ; but the peats
that are firmer in their consistency, and that are taken
from land that is not boggy, and which is, therefore,
sweet smelling, and have not over'much sand or iron
in them, are generally good enough for the purpose.
It is particularly useful for winter fruiters, but should
have been thrown up for a couple of seasons, so that
it has become partially decayed. With this material
the Pine will need pots much smaller than it is usual
to give them when growing in other soils, the fruiting
pots not needing to be more than 8 to 10 inches in
diameter. The soil soon becomes quite matted with
roots after potting, a condition of things seldom seen
when they are grown in loam. In this state of the
ball water may be given freely when it is required
without any fear of its becoming waterlogged if the
drainage is good. If the peat is not naturally sandy
enough clean coarse grit should be added to increase
its porosity. No manure needs to be added to the
soil, but stimulants may be given in the shape of
manure-water, and top-dressing with fresh horse-
droppings mixed with peat in the case of leggy plants
that require it, O, 0.

Cucumber Growing. — I notice that few amateurs
this year have been able to grow Cucumbers with any
success ; they say the fruit turns yellow and drops off,
or the plant withers and dies away. Although but a
novice myself in the matter, I have met with great
success in growing Cucumbers, especially this season.
My plan has simply been to keep the vine very short
of leaf, and cut it back freely, to raise the light at the
top of the frame an inch or two for air on warm still
days only, and water well each evening with hot
water. By these means I have this summer obtained
off" a single plant in a cold frame over thirty full-sized

3o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, i8

Cucumbers, with promise of a number more. My
frame lies east and west in an exposed corner of the
garden. The plant is the Telegraph. H. B, Ewald,

Smut on Primula farinosa. — The article on
Urocystis primulicola, by Mr, W. G. Smith, which
appears on p. 26S, treats of this fungus as if it were
as likely to attack any other of the genus as P.
farinosa, on which it has been found. I may there-
fore remark that I have for some years grown several
species of Primula, as denticulata, rosea, sikkimensis,
capitata, in the same bed with farinosa, and none of
them has been attacked, P. capitata is a closely
allied species, and comes into flower just as P. farinosa
is going out of flower. It ripens seed abundantly in
August and September, and I gather the seeds every
year ; but I have never seen a symptom of Urocystis
upon it. C. IVolky Dod, Edge Hall,

Raising New Varieties of Potatos in Ire-
land.— A new variety of Potato, suitable for general
purposes, that will be an improvement on established
kinds, is a matter of national importance. You will
be pleased to hear something is likely to result from
Colonel Nolan's Potato Committee of the House of
Commons, that sat and received evidence in 18S1 in
this direction. The Board of National Education,
through their agricultural department, adopted one of
the recommendations **to distribute seed from the
* apples' raised in America among the teachers of
agricultural schools in Ireland, "and offered handsome
prizes for the most satisfactory results under the fol-
lowing heads : — 1st, 2d, and 3d prizes, of ^^lO, ^^5,
and £ly for the best " round " Potato for table use ;
similar amounts for the best table kidney-shaped
variecy. A third set of prizes for either a round or
kidney variety that shall prove the earliest and
best, to be tested in 1885 ; the fourth class — the
amounts in each case being as stated — being for the
best variety for cattle feeding. I may here remark
that this is a department of Potato raising hitherto
most unwisely neglected. The last is a prize of j^io
for the best essay embodying the experience obtained.
I had my attention drawn to this matter a few days
ago when visiting one of Lord Besborough's school
farms at Garryhill, Carlow, managed by Mr. Lough-
lin Ryan, who has been singularly successful with the
seed sent him in 18S2 by Mr. Carrol, Superintendent
at the Albert Institution, Glasnevin, on behalf of the
National Education Board. The seed of 1S82 were
the size of marbles ; in 1SS3 and this year are full-
sized and fit for use. We examined several drills ;
some had the stalks withered some weeks ago — these
would be early varieties ; others were growing
robustly, and will evidently not be fit for use for some
time — these would be late kinds ; some were dwarf
and some robust, and when lifted we found none in
size, colour, or shape, exactly similar. If others are
equally successful all over Ireland, the final selection
of the varieties, quantity and quality considered, must
be a matter, as I stated, of national interest. None
were blighted so far. W> J. Murphy^ Clonmel.

Balsams at Flower Shows. — How seldom do
we see at flower shows plants of Balsams worthy the
name of exhibition specimens. What are produced
are generally lanky plants, with gaunt stems carrying
flowers of really poor quality, and yet how finely
Balsams can be grown in the open ground. Let any
one pay a visit to Messrs. Sutton & Sons' nursery in the
London Road, Reading, and they will see there plants
of Balsams, growing in the open ground, of large yet
symmetrical growth, vigorous and free and yet com-
pact, and bearing large full flowers of remarkable
quality and of varying colours. It was a pleasure to
look upon a strain of such excellent quality growing
so finely in the open air. Defects in exhibition Bal-
sams must be caused by indifferent cultivation or a
bad strain, or perhaps both. The best of cultivation
will not, however, convert single flowers of Balsams
into double ones. Those who grow Balsams for exhi-
bition would do well, after they have become estab-
lished in their blooming pots, to stand them out-of-
doors plunged in ashes or cocoa fibre, giving them
room to develope and keeping them well watered. It
is a mistake to keep the plants in crowded houses,
where they become drawn and of weakly growth,
while the flowers are of very poor quality, k. D»

Lilium neilgherrense. — I received two dozen
bulbs of this Lily direct from India early last spring,
and about twenty of them are flowering ; and four or
five of the bulbs were not sufficiently strong to produce
a bloom. The bulbs were all started singly in small
pots in a little heat, and afterwards removed to a
cool pit ; several of the strongest were shifted into
7-inch pots after making a few inches of growth, the
soil used being loam, leaf-mould, and sand, with a
little charcoal and broken bone. I planted several
of them outdoors in May in a herbaceous border,
where they appear to do equally as well as in pots,
but flowering a little later. I noticed the peculiarity
mentioned by your correspondent on p. 276, that
several of the growths started away from the bulb in

a horizontal direction, but which afterwards grew
erect ; it appears to have the characteristic of L.
Brownii in only producing one flower on a stem.
Some of the strongest grew to a height of 2 feet,
others only 12 inches. J, T. Fletcher^ Coppins
Gardens, Iver,

Nicotiana affinis. — Is it generally known that
seeds of Nicotiana affinis are sufficiently hardy to pass
the winter in the open ground and come up freely in
the spring ? This is my experience of it, as many
scores of plants came up this spring in a border in
which there were a few plants last year. This is all
the more strange as the soil is far from raising seed-
lings of anything in the best of seasons, and many
things, such as Candytuft, Coreopsis, Chrysanthe-
mums, Godetias, Dianthus, Mignonette, Larkspurs,
&c., positively refused to come up this year in the
same border, the only things which managed to brave
the cold and parching east wind experienced during
March, April, and the early part of May being Sweet
Peas, Malope, Calendulas, and the Nicotiana, J. C.
Tallad', Pndeaux Place, Padstow.

iEcidium Berberidis : Abnormal Growth.—
In the Biological Laboratory of the Health Exhibi-
tion Mr. C. B. Plowright has under exhibition
a Barberry bush covered with the fungus of Bar-
berry blight, named ^^cidium Berberidis. A remark-
able point about the South Kensington fungus is
that every example is strangely abnormal. At a, fig.
60, we have engraved, enlarged ten diameters, the
normal state of the familiar little yellow cups of the
.'Ecidium, and at B the abnormal growths, to the same
scale, as found on Mr. Plowright's plant. The little
Barberry bush is profusely covered with these long
yellow growths on the stems and leaves, sometimes
on both sides of the leaves. They look like little

Fig. 60.— -€CiDmM berberidis.

Golden Rods instead of shallow saucers. Under the
microscope they are seen to be enormously elongated,
sausage-shaped cups or horns, each horn, like a true
fungoid cornucopia, being stuffed full of spores ; at
maturity the apex of each golden horn bursts and
distributes the spores in the ordinary manner. These
growths remind one of what is seen in the closely
allied genus named Roestelia, or in the remarkable
elongated cups of ^cidium ornamentale, on Acacia,
as figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle for July 16,
iSSl. What has been the inciting cause of this
strange, weird, and unnatural growth it is difficult to
imagine. The bush, we learn, was some time back
strongly inoculated with one of the Puccinias of Corn
Mildew, and there is a small faggot of Puccinia tied
close to the bush. Perhaps the terrible, never-mov-
ing apparition of the bunch of Corn Mildew has been
too much for the poor Barberry. W. G. Smith,

Gaillardias. — In a seed list it is remarked that
" Gaillardias make charming plants in pots, and it is
surprising they are not better known and more gener-
ally cultivated." That they are not so, can only arise
from the undoubted fact, that their many excellent
features have not hitherto been made sufficiently pro-
minent. Any one who has been growing these hardy
annuals through the long prevailing drought must
have been struck with their remarkable tenacity of
growth and blooming, and apparent appreciation for
those atmospherical elements which have proved so
detrimental to many other flowers. Very specially is
the Gaillardia a long blooming plant, in fact, from its
first bloom in June till the frosts of early winter,
it never ceases to produce flowers. Then the
flowers, of various forms and colours, are borne
on long wiry stalks, and are singularly useful
for bouquets, and other personal or domestic
uses. Raised from seed with exceeding ease and thus
obtained cheaply, all specially good forms may be pro-
pagated by means of cuttings in the autumn, and these
make capital pot plants or planted out in a mass give

a truly grand bed of bloom. That charming choco-
late and orange-coloured double kind, G. Lorenziana,
from propagated plants, not only comes very even in
growth, but blooms with wondrous profusion. A
pretty straw-yellow double kind also makes an effec-
tive mass, and is equally amenable to propagation. If
doubles are not admired, the single forms, whether
pure yellow, crimson, or chocolate and yellow, with
some other mixtures of colours, are charmingf, and of
themselves will make pretty decorations. Gaideners
who have not yet made themselves familiar with Gail-
lardias should do so, and they will make them en-
during friends. 0. P.

Two New and Distinct Vegetables. — Messrs.
Veitch's "Selected Extra Early " Pea, and Daniels
Brothers' Cabbage Lettuce, "Continuity." The above
Pea was sown in the open ground early in March,
and came in for use a week sooner than Dickson's
First and Best, which were sown in pots in January,
and transplanted on a west border in March, and this
is undoubtedly a " very extra early" Pea, and pro-
lific bearer. Daniels Brothers' Cabbage Lettuce, like
the above, was grown here for the first time. It was
sown early in March, planted out in April, produced
nice close-hearted Lettuce through the months of
May, June, July, and part of August, without
the slightest sign of a single one running to seed in
spite of the extraordinary hot summer we have had.
Continuity is the proper name for this Lettuce ; this
and the Pea are two grand additions to the kitchen
garden. J. Perkins^ Thornham Hall.

Prolific Apples. — A year or two since I drew
attention to an old Apple tree I have, which never
fails to produce a crop of some sort. Last year it had
a full crop, and this season, although the tree catches
the east wind badly, yet it is carrying for the season a
very fair one. The kind has turned out to be Waltham
Abbey Seedling, a variety that, whilst so permanently
prolific, yet seems not to have been known to market
growers, to whom in such a season as the present its
crop, as with me, over a large area would prove valu-
able. Perhaps, as "M."said last week, there is so
much neglect by market growers of other than early
kinds of Apples that many a really good later sort
has been overlooked. I still think, for a cottager's
garden especially, Waltham Abbey Seedling is the most
serviceable Apple in cultivation. I find Golden Noble
bearing fairly well this year amongst many kinds that
are barren, and think it ranks as a prolific kind,
though by reason of its peculiar habit of fruiting at
the extremities of the shoots, rather than from spurs,
it never carries a heavy crop. It is a first-rate kitchen
Apple, is very handsome, and keeps well, and there-
fore is always worthy a place in every orchard. Nelson
Codlin is another comparatively little known kitchen
Apple that seems to be always productive, and makes
a good successor to the Suffields, Manxs, and similar
early kinds. Amongst dessert Apples I find one of
the best bearers this year — and it is almost a perpetual
bearer — is Yellow Ingestre, and, curiously enough,
that has the same habit of fruiting which is seen in
Golden Noble. Taking one year with another, it
will be found that the most prolific Apples in the long
run are not those which now and then produce enor-
mous crops, but rather those which always produce
some fruit. A. D.

Impatiens Sultani. — In answer to your corre-
spondent, "A. D.," permit me to say that the above
plant is seeding freely in a cool conservatory here.
Most of our plants were raised from seed this spring,
and these are in every way more desirable than those
propagated from cuttings. I have lost a lot of seed
through not knowing when they were ripe, as the
pods continue a bright green colour until they burst,
scattering the seeds and detaching themselves from
the plant at the same time. I could not understand
where the pods were going, but on making a search
underneath the staging I found them curled up in a
most peculiar manner, and without a seed in them.
To-day I have picked two pods, quite ripe, but with
not the least appearance of being so ; one of these
contained twenty-nine, and the other fifteen perfectly
ripe seeds. The pods burst in my hand directly they
were touched. I think it is just possible that a great
improvement may be made in the habit of the plant,
by carefully selecting seed from the dwarfest and most
floriferous plants, as I find there is a great difference
in plants raised from the same packet of seed, and
grown under precisely the same conditions, y, C,
Tallackf Pridcaux Place y Padstow.

Tomatos. — In all directions around London do
we find the culture of the Tomato under glass for the
market rapidly increasing. Whether the product of
a fancy or the genuine growth of a taste on the part
of the public for one of the most wholesome of fruits
it is certain that the demand for Tomatos is rapidly
swelling, and the full extent of its ultimate develop-
ment cannot be measured. The public, it is found,
favour handsome medium sized fruits that are of rich
colour, indeed deep colour is almost more essential

September 6, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

309

to secure good sale than beauty of form. At the
same time market growers are partial to kinds that
are found to be most productive, early and quick
ripeners ; and in the majority of cases it is found that
each grower has what he calls his own variety, though
most likely ditTering little from a score of others.
That all Tomatos must of necessity be raised from
seed renders the multiplication of kinds not only easy
but natural, and though difference between a score of
assumed sorts may be but intinitesimal, yet the growers
have a fond preference for children of their own
naming. Really it is not possible to produce much
greater variety in the Tomato than now exists if
Hathaway's Elcelsior, for instance, be regarded as
the type of a favoured market variety. The inevit-
able determination towards beauty, roundness, and
colouring will but serve to reproduce its kind even
though named Perfection, Prolific, Favourite, or any-
thing else. The two most distinctive Tomatos of
recent introduction are the Pear-shaped Chiswick
Red, and the large deep yellow Golden Queen, but
neither will do for market work, though very useful
in private gardens. There is a wide field open to
raisers of Tomatos for the introduction into them of
more pleasant flavour, and good service will be done
by any one who will help to make them into enticing
dessest fruits. E. T.

Zauschneriacalifomica. — I was glad to see your
notice of this old friend on p. 267. It is so seldom
met with I had almost forgotten it, until I saw it
growing a few days since in the gardens of J.
Burroughes, Esq., Ketton Cottage, who has a nice
collection of herbaceous and alpine plants ; some of
these were very showy and well cultivated, but the
above plant stood out prominently among the others
as one well worth growing. I have heard it said that
it is very liable to be killed by the frost. This speci-
men, however, had been growing there about ten
years, and merely has a little loose rubbish shaken over
it as a protection. It has one drawback — it is very
liable to run about and wander away gradually from
its original position. IV. H, Divers, Keiton Hall.
[It grows best on beds somewhat raised above the
general level, and prefers a dry site to a wet one.
Ed.]

THE FRENCH FRUIT TRADE.

Our import trade of garden and field produce from
France goes on increasing yearly, judging by the
official Board of Trade returns recently issued for the
past year. Comparing the values of 1879 and 18S3
the figures are as follows : —

Plums, Pnmellos, and Prunes

Succades

Raw firuit (unenumerated)
Nuts, used as fruit

Potatos

Peas and Beans

Clover and grass seeds
Garden and other seeds

Hops

Raw vegetables

Wine

Brandy

1879.

64,260
264,902

66,778
503,968

36.776
147.380

57.591

41,462
180,639

;^i,4i7,887
2,473,588
2,117,376

^^6,007,831

;^85,8o9
66,713
273.640
103.791
4.34,808
»7.592
208,227
80.778
91,276
229,186

3,697,486
976,137

;C5,26s,443

Adding wine and brandy, we find that we pay to our
neighbours across the Channel for the items named,
between five and six millions, besides the large sums
for agricultural and dairy produce, and many unenume-
rated articles. The raw fruit imported last year was
much below that of 18S2, which was in value then
^425,695. The preserved fruits received do not vary
much in quantity, the demand evidently being limited
to the higher circles. The supply of French Potatos
does not vary much. Hops is a new product, which
is finding a demand from our brewers. It is strange
that our supply of French wines has kept pretty
stationary the last three years, although the
imports of brandy have fallen fully one half.
Of the fruit we imported from France in 1SS3 there
were 2069 cwt. of Almonds, value ^^5712; raw
Apples, 280,283 bushels, value ;!^55,i46 ; unenumer-
ated dried fruit, 4392 cwt., value ;^i 1,306; unenu-
merated, preserved without sugar, over 1,000,000 lb.,
value 1^14,000 ; of liquorice, SO47 cwt., value ;^6705;
of essential or perfumed oils we also imported from
France 123,824 lb., valued at ;^4S,565 ; plants,
shrubs, trees, and flower roots, value ;!£30,ooo.
Beetroot sugar France sends us also over ;;J2, 000,000
in value ; wine vinegar ^3500, and beeswax about
the same sum.

Calne District Horticultural and Cottage
Garden Society : Aui^ttst 26. — That the quaint,
thriving;. cle;m, healthy town of Calne should possess a
flourishing horticultural organisation is perhaps not to
be wondered at, for is it not associated with the splendid
demesne of Bowood, and did not the lionoured name of
John Spencer, years ago, make it illustrious in the annals
of horticulture? This was the twentieth exhibition,
and it was held as usual in Bowood Park, the tents
being pitched on the gentle slope in front of the south
side of the mansion, which runs down to tlie ornamental
water. And the numerous visitors to tlie show had the
great privilege of rambling at will about the beautilul
grounds of the park, only the kitchen and fruit gardens
being closed to them. Possibly the park grounds with
their grand arboreal features and tine landscape views
had as much attraction for visitors as the show, for they
poured in by the hundred, until the grounds appeared
alive with human beings. The day proved fine
notwithstanding a threatening morning, and every
thing appeared to pass off in the most thriving
manner. This Society deserves to prosper, for it
is well conducted, several of the leading townsmen
taking an active share in the work of management.
It is customary at these shows to have a division open
to all England, and it becomes the leading feature of
the exhibition. It is not to be wondered at that, Calne
being so near to Devizes, handsome prizes are offered
for Fuchsias. On this occasion Mr. James Lye, gr.,
Clyffe Hall, Market Lavington, was ist, with six very
fine specimens, consisting of the Hon. Mrs. Hay, Mrs.
Hooper Taylor, and Henry Brook, dark ; Beauty of the
West, Emily Lye, and Arabella, light. 2d, Mr. Hale,
gr. to C. N. May, Esq., Devizes, with a very good six
indeed, consistingof Doels" Favourite, James Lye, and
Crimson Globe, dark ; Marginata, Rose of Castille, and
Beauty of Trowbridge, light. In another class, open to
the district. Mrs. C. Harris had the best four ; Mr. D.
Hendon, Queenford, being 2d — both showing nicely
grown and flowered bushy specimens.

Stove AND Greenhouse Plants. — Here Mr. Mould,
nurseryman, Pewsey, was a good ist, with six flowering
specimens, staging, in good condition, AUamanda Hen-
dersoni, A. nobilis, a fine Erica insignis, E. Austiniana,
Ixora Colei, and Gloriosa superba. 2d, C. N. May,
Esq., with good specimens of AUamanda nobilis, Bou-
gainvillea glabra, Statice profusa, Dipladenia Brearley-
ana, Rondeletia speciosa major, and a white Oleander.
Mr. D. Hendon had the best 6 zonal Pelargoniums,
nicely grown and flowered ; while Mr, Lye was well
ahead with the best six specimens of variegated-leaved
varieties. Mrs. C. Harris had the best six tuberous-rooted
Begonias, and while the plants were nicely grown and
flowered the varieties were poor, indeed a packet of
seed would be certain to produce something in advance
of what was seen here. Some good specimen Coleus
were shown by Mrs. C. Harris, plants of nice pyramidal
growth, well grown and coloured.

Ornamental Foliaged Plants. — There was a
good competition in the class for six varieties, Mr.
Mould being awarded the ist prize for good specimens
of Croton Sunset, C. Andreanus, and C. illustris, Cycas
revoluta, and Dracaena Goldieana ; 2d, Mr. W. C.
Drummond, nurseryman, Bath, with good examples of
Cycas levoluta, Thrinax el.egans, Latania borbonica,
Dracaena Lindeni, Croton Queen Victoria and C. Dis-
raeli ; equal 3d, C. H. May, Esq., and C. E. Colston,
Esq., Roundhay Park, Devizes (Mr. Clark, gr.). Mr.
C. Harris had the best forty-six specimens in the class
open to the district, small, clean, and well grown, con-
sisting mainly of Palms.

Ferns. — These were a good feature, and there was a
spirited competition. C. E. Colston, Esq., was ist, with
fine examples of Dicksonia fibrosa, D. antarctica, Gym-
nogramma chrysophylla, G. peruviana argyrophylla,
Alsophila australis, Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum cunea-
turn, and A. gracillimum, as forming the best specimens
in his group of twelve ; C. N. May, Esq., was 2d, with
capital examples of Adiantum Farleyense, A. cuneatum,
a seedhng golden Gymnogramma, G. chrysophylla,
Alsophila australis, Dicksonia antarctica, and Davallia
Mooreana. 3d, Mr. W. C. Drummond. Mrs. C.
Harris had the best four plants, staging nice examples
of Gymnogramma Martensi, A. cuneatum, A. gracilli-
mum, and A. Farleyense. 2d, J. B. O. Angell, Esq.,
Ramsey House, A, Farleyense and A. graciUimum
being his best plants. Mr. G. Willcox had the best six
hardy Ferns.

Miscellaneous Plants. — In the district class for
four plants of foliaged Begonias J. B. O. Angell, Esq.,
staged some very nice plants, ist ; J. O. Brinkworth,
Esq., Calne, being 2d. Petunias were very pretty, Mr.
Lye taking the ist open prize with six of his admirably
grown and flowered plants ; Mrs. C. Harris having the
best Fern, closely followed by R. Henley, Esq. Mrs.
Harris" four plants of tuberous-rooted Begonias were
highly creditable ; the Rev, W. H. Hitchcock being 2d.

Cut Flowers.— The handsome special prize of ^{,5
for thirty-six single blooms of Roses brought a very
sharp competition, and there was a keen contest
between Mr. J. Mattock, nurseryman, Oxford, and
Messrs. J. Jefferies & Sons, nurserymen, Cirencester, lor
ist honours, which were gained by the Oxford man,
the Cirencester flowers, though remarkably good, being
damaged in the back petals. Mr. Mattock had excellent

examples of A. K. Williams, Souvenir de Madame
Bertha, a fine bright rose H. P. ; Devienne Laniy, Baroness
Rothschild, Paul NiSron, Marie Baumann, Madame E.
Verdier, Duchess of Bedford, jean Poinel, Catharine
Mermet, Mariichal Niel, Charles Lefebvre, AnnaOUvier,
Perle des jardins, Dupuy Jamain, Marie van Houtte,
Harrison Weir, &c. Messrs. J. Jefferies & Son were
2d, with Madame Victor Verdier, Louis van Houtte,
Alfred Colomb, Mrs. C. Wood, Annie Wood, F'erdinand
de Lesseps, Marie Rady, Comtessed'Oxford, Madame H.
Jamain, Paul Jamain, A. K. Williams, Duchess of Bed-
ford, Mrs. Jewltt, MarquisdeCastellane, S<inateurVaisse,
Marie Baumann, Belle Lyonnaise. 3d, Messrs. G. Cooling
& Son, Nurserymen, Bath. Extra prizes were awarded
to S. B. Budd, Esq., Bath; Mr. W. Smith, Kingsdown,
Bristol ; and Messrs. Cross & Steer, nurserymen, Salis,
bury. In the class for twelve blooms, Mr. Budd was ist,
with very good examples of Arthur Dickson, Marquis
de Castellane, Comtesse d'Oxlord, La France, Allred
Colomb, Captain Christy, Charies Lefebvre, Franyois
Michelon, Souvenir de Paul N^ron, Duke of WelHngton,
Belle Lyonnaise, and Duchess of Bedford ; 2d, Messrs.
C. Cooling & Son ; 3d, Mr. J. Mattock. Mr. G. Hum-
phries, Chippenham, had the best twelve Dahlias ; Mr.
T. Gibbs, Chippenham, being 2d, both with very credit-
able flowers. Single Dahlias were very pretty ; Mr. G.
L. Walters, Calne, being ist ; and Messrs. G. Cooling
& Son, 2d. Mr. Walters also had the best twenty-four
spikes of Gladioh, Mr. G. Humphries being 2d. French
and German Asters were well shown, Mr. Walters taking
the ist prizes in each class.

Fruit.— The best two bunches of black Grapes came
from Thomas Harris, Esq. , nicely coloured examples of
Black Hamburghs ; R. Henley, Esq., being 2d with
the same. Mr. Harris had the best two bunches, show-
ing good Buckland Sweetwater ; Mrs. Harris being 2d
with this also. Mr. Angell had the best dish oi Peaches,
Mr. Thomas Harris coming 2d. Mr. Angell had the
best dish of Nectarines also, staging some excellent
fruit. Melons were well shown, Messrs. Brinkworth and
Harris taking the leading prizes. Mr. J. B. O. Angell
had the best collection of six dishes of fruu, staging good
black and white Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Nectarines,
and Plums. Mr. |. O. Brinkworth was 2d. Cooking
Apples were very finely shown, and there were evidences
that the Apple crop in this part of Wiltshire is much
better than in other parts of the country. Dessert Apples
were also very good, and so were such hardy fruits as
Plums, Gooseberries, and Morello Cherries.

Vegetables. — These were generally of good quality,
but Potatos fell below their usual average of fine deve-
lopment, owing to the character of the season. We
were glad to see that the judges in this part of the
country give the preference to quality of tuber instead
of to mere size, as some judges do in other parts of the
country. Celery was very good indeed. Cucumbers the
same. Peas very fine in the pod, and covered with a rare
bloom. Scarlet Runners were very good. Mr. J. Powney
had the best four dishes of Potatos— a very good clean
lot ; Mr. Sell being 2d, with tubers only just inferior.
In the classes for single dishes of round and kidney
varieties excellent samples were shown. Onions were
very fine, both the Spanish and Tripoli types. Carrots,
Parson's Rhubarb, and other subjects being in fine con-
dition.

The cottagers" vegetables and cut flowers, as well as
their hardy fruits, were good, but it was said they were
not quite so numerous as last year. But they were far
ahead of what is seen in other parts of the country,
where the cottager is not so much encouraged as in the
West. Altogether it was a decidedly salislactory exhi-
bition, and, as usual, proved a decided financial success.

Chippenham and District Horticultural :

August 27. — This was the fourteenth exhibition of a
Society that originally started for encouraging cottage
gardening, has made a rapid growth, and is now one of
the best exhibitions of its kind in the West of England.
How thoroughly it has succeeded in its praiseworthy
purpose could be seen in the tents set apart for cottage
productions. Had there been nothing else, no horticul-
tiunst would have had reason to regret a journey of many
miles to look upon produce of a very high order of merit.
The show was held in Monkton Park, which is spacious
and full of fine trees ; it is close to the town, and in every
respect well adapted for the exhibition. The committee,
who appear to work together heartily in furtherance of
their special work, are assisted by a subscription Ust
amounting to some ,^150, and on a fine day the takings
at the gates reach the sum of ;^i5o to ^200. Great
crowds come in from the siu^rounding villages. On this
occasion the weather was wet ; the long spell of dry
weather came to a close, and rain fell persistently during
the early part of the afternoon, and the coffers of the
Society suffered thereby.

Fuchsias. — Here, as at Calne, Fuchsias are made a
leading feature, and again Mr. Lye was placed ist with
fine plants similar to those shown by him at Calne on the
previous day, and scarcely the worse for wear for their
transit from one place to another, which justifies the
somewhat close tying adopted by Mr. Lye. 2d, Mr.
Hall, gr. to C. N. May, Esq., Devizes. Mr. W. C,
Drummond, Bath, was the only exhibitor of three plants,
staging remarkably good specimens. And in other
classes for amateurs and cottagers, pretty, bushy, well
grown and flowered plants were exhibited.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — Here was a
class for nine specimens in or out of bloom, and Mr.
J. F. Mould, nurseryman, Devizes, followed up his
success of the previous day by again taking the ist prize,
showing a selection of plants he had at Calne on the

3IO

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 18S4.

previous day. Equal 2d prizes were awarded Mr. Hale
and Mr. Tucker, gr. to Major Clark, Trowbridge \ the
former had good examples of Croton Weismanni, C.
pictus, Bouganvillea glabra, a capital Stntice profusa,
and Lalania borbonica. Mr. Tucker had all flowering
plants, a little irregular, but fresh and clean ; his best
examples were Allamanda Hendersoni, A. nobilis. Plum-
bago coccinea, very good indeed, and somewhat un-
common at this season of the year ; Slatice profusa,
Stephanotis floribunda and Bougainvillea glabra. In
the class for six plants, Mr. Sartain, gr. to Captain
Bailey, Chippenham, was ist, with small but clean and
well-grown examples.

Floueeing Plants.— Foremost amongst these were
zonal Pelargoniums, Mr. George Tucker having the best
plants, thoroughly well grown and flowered, but old
varieties wanting in quality ; 2d, Mr. D. Hendon, of
Calne, with good plants also. Mr. Lye was the only
exhibitor of Petunias, staging three fine plants, well
grown and flowered, which he cultivates with so much
care. Some excellent Cocliscombs were shown by Mr.
West, Awdry. Mr. J, T. Rigg, Chippenham, had the
best nine tuberous-rooted Begonias, nicely grown and
flowered examples ; Mr. A. S. Coles, gr. to the Rev. T.
A. Clarke, being 2d. The exhibition of these popular
plants promises well for their future at Chippenham. A
few Gloxinias were shown, but they were getting past
their best. In the nurserymen's and gentlemen's gar-
deners' divisions the plants generally were good and well
grown, though not large in size.

FOLIAGED Plants. — In the class for six ornamental
foliaged plants, Mr, R. Walmsley was ist with good
examples, including Crotons, Palms, Dracaenas, &c.
Captain Bailey being 2d, Coleus were a good feature
also, Mr. ]. T. Rigg having the best six varieties.

Ferns. — Of these there was a remarkably good dis-
play. In the class for six varieties, open to all, Mr.
Tucker was a good ist, staging six handsome, even, well
grown specimens of the following :— Gymnogramma
Laucheana, G. peruviana cristata. a very fine ?"ern in-
deed ; Adiantum Farleyense, A. cuneatum, A. peruvi-
anum, and Asplenium Nidus-avis. 2d, Mr. Hall, with
capital plants of Dicksonia;antarctica, Davallia Mooreana,
A. Farleyense, A. cuneatum, A. trapeziforme, and a
seedling golden Gymnogramma. The best three Ferns
and three mosses came also from Mr. Tucker, who had
fine plants of Gymnogramma sulphurea, G. decomposita,
Adiantum gracillimum, Selaginella Martensi variegata.
S. Wildenovi. and S. pubescens, 2d. Mr. R. Walmsley,
Luckraan Park (Mr. McKay,(gr.) Thebestsix Ferns in
another division came from J. E. Gladstone, Esq., Bow-
den Park (Mr. ]. Webb, gr.), also with good well grown
plants ; Mr. R. Walmsley being 2d.

Cut Flowess. — Roses were a leading feature, and
they made a very effective display. Messrs. Jefferies &
Son, nurserymen, Cirencester, had the best thirty-six
blooms, staging a very good lot of nice fresh well coloured
flowers, consisting ol Madame Victor Verdier, Alfred
Colomb, Duchess of Bedford, Franfois Michelon, S(5na-
teur 'Vaisse, Mrs. Jowett, Madame Gabrielle Guizot,
Annie Wood, Dr. Andry, Madame Hippolyte Jamain,
Mons. E. Y. Teas, Marie Baumann, Duke of Teck,
A. K. Williams, Mrs. Charles Wood, Rosieriste, Jacob.
Charles Darwin. Madame Charles Crapelet. and Paul
Jamain ; 2d. Mr. ]. Mattock, nurseryman. Oxford, who
had good blooms of Marie Baumann. Marechal Niel.
Devienne Lamy. A. K. Williams. Louis van Houtte,
Marie van Houtte. Anna Olivier. Madame Lambard.
Duke of Connaught. Cornelia Koch, a charming white
Tea ; Richard Laxton. Souvenir de Madame Berthier,
David Pradel. and Franfois Michelon. 3d. Messrs.
George Cooling & Son. Bath. Mr. G. Campbell, gr. to
S. P. Budd. Esq.. Bath, bad the best twenty-four blooms,
his leading flowers being Charles Lefebvre. Belle Lyon-
naise. Captain Christy. Comtesse d'Oxford, Marie van
Houtte. Souvenir de la Malmaison. Marie Baumann, Com-
tesse de Sereneye, Alfred Colomb, and Baron Rothschild ;
2d, T. Hobbs, Esq., Lower Easton, Bristol. Mr. G.
Humphries, nurseryman, Chippenham, had tthe best
twelve blooms ; the Rev. R. M. Ashe being 2d. Some
remarkably good Roses were shown by cottagers.

Dahlias. — The best eighteen blooms came from Mr.
Thomas Hobbs, Lower Easton, who had excellent
examples of James Service, Mr. P. Wyndham, Charles
Wyatt, Mr. Uodds, John Standish, James 'Vick, Hugh
Austin, Lord Chelmsford, Mrs. Harris, Emily Edwards,
&c. 2d, Mr. George Humphries. Mr. G. Horsell.
Bathwick. was ist. with twelve blooms ; Mr. G. Tanner,
Draycott Cerne, being 2d. In both cases the flowers
were unnamed. Single Dahlias were numerous and very
pretty ; but while some exhibitors staged single flowers
others had bunches of three or four varieties. Mr.
A. A. Walters, florist, had the best, staging some
remarkably good flowers, among them such fine varieties
as Imogen. Rob Roy. Mauve (Jueen Improved.
Defiance. Lucy Ireland, White Queen, and Purple
Prince. 2d. Mr. T. Gibbs. Great Somerford. In the
nurserymen's class Mr. G. Humphries had the best
twelve Dahlias, and the best twelve single varieties also.

Miscellaneous Cut Flowers.— The extent to
which French and German Asters were shown, and their
very fine quality, was a perfect surprise. In the class
for twenty-four quilled varieties. Mr. H. Hooper, florist.
Bath, was ist, and Mr. A. A. Walters, 2d. With
the same number of French Asters, Mr. G. S. Walters,
Calne. was 1st, and Mr. A. A. Walters zd. The
Victoria types were very fine, and one or two were quite
distinct in character. The Rev. R. M. Ashe, was ist in
two other classes of similar numbers. Gladiolus were
well shown ; also Verbenas in bunches, and striped
French Marigolds were much better than wc were
accustomed to see them elsewhere.

In the cottagers' department the cut flowers were truly
remarkable. Dahlias, Stocks. Asters. African and striped
French Marigolds. Roses. Zinnias. &c., were all of re-
markable quality, and very numerous. It is rarely that
the floral productions of cottagers are seen in such a
high state of perfection as at Chippenham.

Fruits, — It is not necessary to go into many parti-
ticulars respecting the fruit ; as it was not numerous and
the best kinds of fruit indifferent. Grapes were poor.
Plums were well represented, and very good. Culinary
.'Vpple, were really superb ; the Apple crop in this district
of Wiltshire appearing to be better than in some other
parts of the country. The best collection ol eight dishes
of fruit came from Mr. J. E. Gladstone, Mr. Riggs being
2d.

Vegetables.— Throughout the show these were of a
superior character, and they were also very numerous.
Mr. J. C. Webb staged the best collection of six varie-
ties ; the Rev. Mr. Ashe had the best collection of
three dishes of Potatos. There were classes for Peas,
autumn and spring Onions, Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips,
Cauliflowers, Cucumbers, Celery. Cabbage, baskets of
salads, &c. The cottagers' vegetables were very fine
indeed.

Prizes were offered for agricultural roots by Messrs.
Sutton & Sons. Reading, and others, and of these there
was a good display, the season considered. In the cot-
tagers' divisions there were prizes for home-baked bread,
and the competition was very keen indeed.

Bath Horticultural : Sept. 3 and 4.— This
Society held its twenty-ninth annual autumn show in the
Sydney Gardens, on Wednesday and Thursday last, under
most favourable circumstances as regards the weather,
number and quality of exhibits staged in the various
classes, all of which were stoutly contested. There was a
large attendance of visitors in the beautiful gardens and
five exhibition tents, which were well filled with foliage and
flowering plants (the best that have been seen in Bath for a
long time), and cut flowers— the Roses and Dahlias being
shown largely (especially the former) and well, as also
were fruits and vegetables. To give a full report of this
excellent show would occupy too much space, suffice to
say that the show was acknowledged by all to have been
in many respects (especially in the plant classes) the best
the Society has ever had— a fact which speaks well for its
management, which is everything that could be desired,
and for the growing popularity of the/t%. Mr. Cypher, as
usual at most shows at which he puts in an appearance,
swept all before him in the big plant classes, and his noble
Palms, and highly coloured Crotons. and grandly flowered
Heaths. AUamandas, and Dipladenias. were greatly ad-
mired by gardeners and amateurs alike. The following
are the principal awards made by the judges :—

Plants.— Fuchsias are always a grand feature at the
Bath autumn show, consequently they occupy prece-
dence in the plant division, there being five classes for
them ; and perhaps never has such a fine lot of plants
been staged as were shown on Wednesday last. For
nine varieties Mr. Lye, gr. to the Hon. Mrs, Hay,
Cliffe Hall, Trowbridge, was ist, with truly grand speci-
mens, 9 feet high, and about 4 feet through at the base,
of Star of Wilts, Pink Perfection, Lye's Favourite,
Harriet Lye (lights) ; Final. Charming, Elegans, Hon.
Mrs. Hay, and Bountiful (darks).— Mr. Tucker being a
very good 2d, and Mr. G. Snell 3d. For six varieties.
Mr. C. Fletcher, gr. to C. H. Gabriel, Esq., was ist ;
and Miss Barron 2d. For four varieties, Mr. Riddick,
t'r to Mrs. Pinder, was ist ; 2d, Mr. A. Southard, gr.
to T. F. Walker, Esq. ; and Mr. Hawkings, 3d.
For a single specimen (light) Mr. Lye was ist, with
Gustave Dore, Mr. Snell 2d, with Marginatus ; and in
the corresponding class for dark Mr. G. Tucker was ist,
■ with a good specimen of Charming, and Mr. Lye 2d.
Mr. James Cypher, nurseryman. Cheltenham, was ist for
fifteen ornamental foliage plants, showing, amongstothers,
Croton Prince of Wales, 5 f^e' through, and grandly
coloured ; Croton Sunset. 7 feet through, also beauti-
fully coloured ; Croton Warreni, having spiral-shaped,
well coloured leaves ; Cycas circinalis, &c. : Mr. Drum-
mond, Bath, was 2d, his finest plant being Cycas revoluta.
For nine varieties of ornamental foliage plants.— 1st,
Mr. D. Bloodworth, 2d Mr. Mould, gr. to — Bryant,
Esq , and Mr. Hallett was 3d. For a single specimen
of stove foliage plant.— ist, Mr. Mould, Pewsey, with a
fine Gleichenia rupestris ; 2d, Mr. Drummond, witli
Cycas revoluta. Mr. Cyper was ist for twelve stove or
greenhouse plants in bloom, with Erica Austiniana,
5 feet through, and well flowered ; Ixora Williamsu,
Ixora Colei, a grand plant ; Allamanda nobilis, &c.,
Mr. Long, gr. to C. Gardener, Esq., being a good 2d,
whose best plants were Ixora Williamsii, s feet high
and 4 feet through, and grandly flowered \ Lapageria
rosea. &c. ; 3d, Mr. Mould (Pewsey). also showing a
good collection. Mr. G. Tucker, gr. to Major W. 1'.
Clarke, was ist in the corresponding class for six plants,
his 'nest plants being Bougainvillea glabra. Stance pro-
fusa, Lapageria rosea; 2d, E. Bryant, Esq.; 3d, Mr.
Bloodworth, all showing well. Mr. Hawkings, gr. to
T. Jolly, Esq., was ist for three flowering plants; 2d,
Mr. W. C. Drummond, in whose lot there was a nice
plant of Ixora amboyensis. Mr. Long was ist for spe-
cimen stove flowering plants, with a grandly flowered
Ixora Williamsii ; and Mr. Cypher a good 2d, with Ste-
phanotis floribunda. There was only one entry in
the class for six varieties of Orchids, namely, Mr.
Cypher, who was awarded ist prize for nice plants
of Cattleya speciosissima, having seven spikes, Dendro-
bium formosum giganteum, eight spikes, having six
flowers each ; Ljelia purpurata, Oncidium Lanceanum,
Odontoglossum grande. Mr. Cypher was again to the
front for six Heai^s, showing fine plants of Lnca Mar-

nockiana, E. Eemula, &c. ; Mr. Mould (Pewsey) being
ist in a similar class with neat well flowered plants, and
Mr. Bryant 2d. For a single specimen Heath, Mr.
Cypher was again to the front with a grandly flowered
plant of I'.rica Marnockiana, Mr. Long being a good 2d
with Erica Wilsoni. Mr. Coke, gr. to -\. P. Slancomb,
Esq., was ist for twenty exotic Ferns and Mosses, wilha
grand lot of plants, followed closely by Mr. Bryant and
Mr. G. Tucker in that order ; and in the corresponding
class for twelve plants Mr. Tucker was ist, and Mr.
Jones, gr. to General Doherty, 2d. Mr. G. S. Hale
was ist for fifteen British Ferns. For six Pelargo-
niums Mr. Tucker was ist for a neatly trained and
well flowered collection, the plants being from 3 to 4
feet through ; 2d, Mr. F. Slade ; 3d, Mrs. Cansell ; and
for four ditto, Mr. Riddick secured the ist place. For six
variegated Pelargoniums, Mr. Lye was ist, Mr. Fletcher
2d, and Mr. Hale 3d ; and for a like number of tri-
colors Mr. Lye was again to the front, Mr, Drummond
and Mr. Hallett being 2d and 3d in that order. Mr.
Southard was ist for Balsams, Mr. H. Jones was ist fur
Achimenes, Mr. Tucker 2d, and Mr. Hawkings 3d. Mr.
Bailey was ist for Gloxinias, Mr. W. Clifford had the
best six plants of tuberous Begonias, and Mr. Lye the
best six Coleus.

Cut Flowers. — Gladiolus. — For eighteen varieties cf
Gladioli, S. Dobree, Esq., ist; 2d, Mr, S. Brown,
Weston-super-Mare ; and for six varieties, Mr. .A,
Hooper was ist, Mr. Tottle 2d, and Messrs. Cooling &
Sons, Bath, 3d. Mr. Thomas Hobbs was ist for twenty,
four Dahlias, Mr. Shaw 2d, and Mr. Nation 3d ; and for
twelve varieties of Dahlias, Mr. G. Hamphries was ist ;
for nine ditto, Mr. Shaw secured the chief place, and
Mr. Truckle was ist for single varieties.

Roses.— Messrs. Jefteries & Son, Cirencester, were ist
for twenty-four Roses, among which were fine fresh
blooms of Duke of Teek, Duke of Edinburgh, and Belle
Lyonnaise ; 2d. Messrs. Cooling & Sons. Bath ; 3d, Mr.
J. Mattock. Mr. S. P. Budd was ist for twelve blooms,
with a nice fresh lot ; Mr. Fred. Harris 2d. and Mr. J.
Burgess 3d. Mr. Budd was again to the front for twelve
blooms. Mr. Hobbs 2d, and Mr. Narroway 3d. For
twenty-four varieties of cut flowers Mr. Howe was ist,
with a choice lot, Mr. Bryant 2d, and Mr. Drummond
3d. Messrs. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, London, put up,
not for competition, a grand stand of tuberous Begonia
flowers, also Hollyhocks, each in fine form ; as also did
Mr. Tredwell. Messrs. Cooling & Sons Roses and
Dahlias ; Mr. T. Ware, Hale Farm, London, single
Dahlias.

Table ornaments.— ist, Mr. Cypher. Hand bouquet,
—ist, Mr. C7pher ; 2d, Mr. Hoskings ; 3d, Mr. Wake,
man— all with choice flowers, neatly arranged.

Fruits. — These were shown largely and for the most
part well. For a collection of eight kinds Mr. A.
Miller, gr. to ri. Long, Esq., Rood Ashton Park, Trow-
bridge, was ist, showing a good even lot. 2d, Mr.
Nash, gr. to tlie Duke of Beauiort, Badminton House,
Chippenham; 3d, Mr. Howe, gr. to Lewis Fry, Esq.,
M.P. Mr. Nash was ist for eight bunches of Grapes
(fourvars. ), showing in fine condition Black Alicante,
Gros Colmar, Black Hamburgh, and Muscat ol Alex-
andria ; Mr. W. Taylor, gr. to Jas. Chaffin, Esq., being
a very close 2d, showing Madresfield Court, Aln-
wick Seedling, Black Alicante, &c., all well
finished bunches ; 3d, Mr. Marshall. With three bunches
of Black Hamburgh Mr. W. Taylor was easily ist ; and
for two bunches, same variety, Mr. Frederick Edwards
was ist ; Mr. Ellicot 2d, and Mr. Wakerman (gr., Mr
Lovibond), Salisbury, 3d. For a hke number of
bunches of whites Mr. Kingston, gr. to W. Daubeney,
Esq., was 1st, with lair bunches of Golden Champion.
For any other black Grapes than Hamburghs and
Black Muscats, 1st, Mr. N.ash, with good bunches of
Alicante. For two bunches of Muscats Mr. Shellon,
gr. to W. K. Wait, Esq., was ist ; Mr. Ellicot 2d, Mr.
Marshal 3d, and Mr. Coles obtained an extra award.
Out of thirteen lots of six Peaches Mr. .\. Miller
had the best, Mr. Wakerman 2d, and Mr.
W. H. Sintern the 3d prize. Mr. Miller was again
to the front for six Nectarines, and for nine Necta-
rides Mr. Pymm was ist, Mr. Richards, Somerley House,
Ringwood, 2d ; and Mr. W. Shaw 3d. Mr. Miller had
the best green-flesh Melon (Best of ;\ll)— Mr, W.
Taylor and Mr. Chislett, gr. to Lady Dynevor, 2d and
3d respectively, the last-named exhibitor being ist for
a scarlet-flesh, Mr. Satter 2d, and Mr. Nash 3d—
forty-two fruits being staged. Figs, Plums, Apples,
Pears, Cherries, and Filberts were shown largely and
well.

Vegetables were also shown on a large scale and of
extra quality throughout. Mr. W, Tylee had the best
collection of twelve kinds, Mr. Smith the best of nine
kinds ; Mr. W. ]ord,an, id, and Mr. Chedzey 3d.

The cottager's classes were keenly contested, and the
exhibits were remarkably good on the whole.

Scottish Horticultural Association.— The or-
dinary nionlhly mectins of this Association w.as held at
5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on Tuesday last, Mr.
Alexander Milne (Dickson & Sons) presiding. .Mr. Robert
Lindsay, Curator Royal Botanic Gardens, read a paper on
plants of recent introduction. After remarking that to
Messrs. Douglas and Fortune more than to any others
the country was indebted for the introduction of the Largest
number of our best plants, now to be found in almost
every garden, Mr. Lindsay said that formerly collectors
were sent out by horticultural societies to collect new
plants from abroad, but that now many of the enter-
prising nurserymen in England and on the Continent
made it part of their business to engage collectors for

J

September 6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

3"

this work. Attention was drawn to the splendid collec-
tion of original specimens of trees and shrubs now being
exhibited at the Forestry Kxhibition by the Messrs.
Veiich, of London, which had been sent home from
abroad by their o^vn collectors. The essayist then went on
to describe the new plants which had been introduced
into this country since i83o, showing that Orchids
formed the majority of plant novelties at the present
time. Among other plants mentioned was Nepenthes
Rajah, a wonderful species ot Fitcher-plant, introduced
by Mr. Burbidge from IJorneo. having pitchers more
than I foot long and 6 inches broad. Subsequently there
was submitted a copy of the report by Mr. Elwes.
I*'.L.S., F.H.S., on the International Exhibition and
Botanical Congress recently held at St. Petersburg. The
following plants and fruits were exhibited :— A new
seedling Potato, by Mr. Bisset, Moncrieff House. Bridge
of Earn, which received a First-class Certificate ; a new
Currant, Defiance, by Mr. Bowie, Chillingham Castle,
which received a First-class Certificate ; a very interest-
ing collection of new plants, introduced by members of
this Society, and shown by Mr. Lindsay ; a fine collec-
tion of cut herbaceous flowers, by Mr. Ware, London ;
a good collection of flowering shrubs, by Mr. Chapman,
Easter Duddmgston ; and a new seedhng Lobelia, by
Mr. Begg, W'ardie Lodge, which was commended.

Sevenoaks Horticultural : Au^, 27. — The
seventeenth annual exhibition of this Society was held,
as usual, iu Montreal Park, the seat of Eail Amhurst,
the pleasure grounds as well as the park being thrown
open to the visitors. The show was in every way a
success, quite up to the standard of former years ; the
plants were especially good, and well represented in the
different classes for flowering, fine-foliage, and Ferns.

In the open division for six stove and greenhouse
plants in flower, Mr. A. Gibson, gr. to T. F. Burnaby
Atkins, Halstead Place, was ist, with fine plants of
Dipladenia amabilis and boliviensis, Allamanda Hen-
dersoni and nobilis, Eucharis amazonica, &c. Mr. J.
Bolton, gr. to Mrs. Spoltiswoode, Combe Bank, was 2d,
with a nice group of plants, in which were Lxora Wil-
liamsi.'Clerodendron fallax and Balfourianum, &c. For a
single specimen stove or greenhouse plant, Mr. S. Cooke,
gr. to De B. Crawshay. Esq.. Rosefield, Sevenoaks, was
ist, with a fine specimen of Vanda suavis ; Mr. Gibson
being 2d, with a grand plant of Eucharis amazonica
with thirty trusses of flower ; Mr. Bolton and Mr.
Meakin, gr. to C. R. Petley. Esq., Riverhead, being
equal 3d with Allamanda Henderson! and Begonia metal-
lica respectively.

Ornamental foliage plants were largely shown, Mr.
Bolton being ist, with good plants of Kentia Fosteriana.
Cycas revoluta, Latania borbonica, Croton Queen Vic-
toria ; Mr. Gibson 2d, and Mr. j. Goodman, gr. to Mrs.
Crawshay, Bradbourn Hall, 3d. Ferns were well repre-
sented and in fine condition, Mr. J. Staples being ist,
with a fine lot, in which were Cyathea dealbata and
meduUaris. Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Adiantum
cardiochlasnum, and DavalUa Mooreana, 7 feet across.
Mr. J. Goodman was a good 2d, with Cyathea medul-
laris, Cibotium regale, Microlepis hirta cristata, &c.
Mr. Bolton and Mr. A. Hatton, gr. to Mrs. Swanzy,
The Quarry, equal 3d. British Ferns were well repre-
sented, Mr. Meakin being ist, Mr. Bolton 2d, and Mr.
Staples, gr. to H. Oppenheim, Chipstead Place, 3d.
In the Orchid class Mr. S. Cooke was 1st, \vith six well
flowered specimens. With six Fuchsias Mr. Meakin
was ist, Mr. Huntley, gr. to the Rev. T. S. Curteis,
The Vicarage, 2d ; and Mr. Hatton 3d. Caladiums
were well shown. Mr. Meakin ist, Mr. Hatton 2d, and
Mr. |. Sharpe, gr. to F. Hatchett, Esq., Grove Park,
Lee, 3d. The class for Begonias here admits of the
fibrous rooted kinds being shown with the tuberous
rooted varieties, with the result of a much better effect —
Mr. Bolton being ist, Mr. Hatton 2d, and Mr. Cooke
3d. For six zonal Pelargoniums Mr. S. Meakin was ist,
Mr. Hatton 2d, and Mr. H. Vallins, gr. to J. L. Worship,
Esq., Manor House, Riverhead, 3d.

Plants suitable for table decorations were contributed
by a number of exhibitors. — Mr. Cooke 1st, Mr. Gibson
2d, Mr. Carlton, gr. to Sir C. H. Mills, The Wildernesse,
Seal, and Mr. G. Goldsmith, gr. to P. C. Hardwick,
Esq., Hollanden, Tonbridge. equal 3d's. In the divi-
sion for smaller growers for four stove or greenhouse
plants, Mr. Vallins was ist, Mr. J. Sharpe 2d, and Mr.
F. Knight 3d. For ornamental foliage plants, Mr.
Sharpe was ist, and Mr. Vallins 2d. For four Fuchsias,
Mr. Vallins was ist. Mr. Wright 2d, Mr. Sharpe 3d. For
zonal Pelargoniums, Mr. W. Leatchford, gr. to E. I:;,
Cronk, Esq., Suffolk Place, Sevenoaks, was ist, Mr.
Knight 2d, and Mr. Vallins 3d. Groups of miscellaneous
plants arranged for effect are one of the principal features
of the Society's exhibition, and were as usual well done
— Mr. G. Fennell, gr. to Mrs. Cazolet, Fairlawn, Ton*
bridge, being ist. with a beautiful arrangement ; Mr.
Menkin 2d, Mr. Cooke 3d, and Mr. Bolton 4th. Groups
of Ferns similarly arranged, were also well shown, Mr.

F. Webber, nursery, Quarry Hill, near Tonbridge, being
1st, with a^plendid group, principally Adiantums ; Mr.
Staples a good 2d, Mr. Fennell 3d, and Mr. Hatton and
Mr. Goodman equal 4th's. In the second division lor
groups of miscellaneous plants, arranged for effect, Mr.
Vallins was ist, Mr. Mist, Ightham, 2d, and Mr. G.
Wood, Sunbridge, 3d. Good groups, not for co-npeti-
tition, were also shown by Mr. Carlton, Mr. C. F. Cattell,
nursery, Sevenoaks, and! Messrs. . A. Jeffkins & Co.,
nursery, Westerham.

Roses were shown in much better condition than
is usual at so late a period in most seasons.
For twenty-four distinct varieties, one truss each, Messrs.

G. Bunyard & Co., nurserymen, Maidstone, were ist ;
Mr. R. Grey, gr. to Earl Stanhope, Chevening, 2d ; Mr.

Seale, Vine Nurseries, Sevenoaks, 3d. For twelve, Mr.
Mr. y. Sharpe was ist ; Mr. W. Blundell, gr. to G.
Christy, Esq., Westerham Hill, 2d; and Mr. Bolton,
3d ; Dahlis were well shown — for twenty-four, iMr.
Cannell, Swanley, was ist, and Mr. Seale 2d. For
twelve, Mr. H. Jeal, gr. to F. Legros Clark. Esq., The
Thorns, Sevenoaks, was ist, Mr. Meaken 2d. For
twelve Asters, Mr. G. Hardwicke was 1st, Mr. C. V.
Cattell 2d, and Mr. Bhmdell| 3d. For Gladiolus,
Messrs. Bunyard & Co. were ist. Mr. C. F. Cattell 2d.
Collections of stove and greenhouse cut flowers were well
shown, Mr. A. Gibson being ist, Mr. Bolton and Mr.
Cooke equal 2d. For three stands of flowers for table
decorations, Mr. A. Hatton was ist, Mrs. G. Fennell
2d, Miss Staples 3d, and Mr. ]. H. Beach, florist,
Bore Green 4th. l-'or a single stand Mrs. Bishop,
Croydon, was ist, Miss E. Staples 2d, Mrs. Fennell
3d, and Mrs. Hatton 4th. For hand bouquet Mrs.
Bishop was ist ; and for a basket of arranged flowers.
Miss Seale. Arranged groups of wild flowers were also
shown.

Fruit was exhibited in large quantities and in good
condition. With a collection of six dishes, Mr. A. Hen-
derson was ist with good examples of black and white
Grapes, a Melon, Peaches, Nectarines, <S:c. ; Mr Fennell
2d ; Mr. Staples 3d. With four dishes Mr. C. Noble
was ist, Mr. H. Neal 2d. Mr. W. Leutchford 3d.
For the best Pine, Mr. Henderson was the only competi-
tor, and showed a good Queen. For black Grapes,
three bunches, Mr. Fennell was ist, Mr. |. Evans, gr.
to Sir J. Hawley, Leybourne Grange, 2d ; Mr. Good-
man 3d, For two bunches Mr. H. Neal was ist, Mr.
\\\ Leutchford 2d, and Mr. W. Martin, gr. to W
Johnson, Esq., Claridge House, Sevenoaks, 3d. White
Grapes, three bunches. — Mr. R. Gray, 1st ; Mr. G.
Tucker, gr. to J. H. Lovibond, Esq., Starts Hill, Farn-
borough, 2d ; and Mr. B, Reeks, gr. to Mrs. R. W.
Smith, Wadhurst Castle, 3d. For two bundles Mr.
Leutchford was ist, Mr. H. Neal 2d, and Mr. Noble
3d. For best collection of Grapes, three bunches, three
vars., Mr. Tucker was ist, Mr. Reeks 2d, and Mr.
Henson, gr. to T. Johnston, Esq., Broomsleigh, Seale,
3d, For a Melon, Mr. Vallens was ist ; Mr. E. Ham, gr.
to H. Johnstone, Esq., Hildenborough, 2d ; Mr. Hunt-
ley 3d. Peaches were well shown by Mr. Goodman,
who took the ist, with a beautiful dish of Royal George,
highly coloured ; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. 2d ; and
Mr. G. Salter, gr. to F. Tooth, Esq., Park Farm, Seven-
oaks, 3d. For Nectarines, Mr. Goodman was again ist,
with good Pme-apple ; Mr. Turner 2d, Mr. Gibson
3d. For three dishes of dessert Plums Mr. Staples ist,
Mr, Fennell 2d, and Mr. Sears, gr. to W. J. Thomp-
son, Esq., Kippington, 3d. For three dishes of culinary
Plums, Mr. Gibson, Mr. Sears, and Mr. Bolton, were
respectively ist, 2d, and 3d. For three dishes of dessert
Apples Mr. Staples was 1st, Mr. Bolton 2d, Mr. Fennell
3d. For three dishes of culinary Apples, Messrs. G.
Bunyard were ist, Mr. Sears 2d, Mr. G. Hubbard 3d.
For three dishes of dessert Pears Mr. Staples was rst,
Mr. Sears 2d, Mr. Bunyard 3d. Dish of Cherries, Mr.
Staples was 1st, Mr. Hatton 2d, Mr. Sears 3d. Collec-
tions of vegetables were also shown in large quantities,
and in good condition. A Corrcspojident.

©toitttarg.

James Henry Mangles, — It is with very great
sorrow that we have to record the death of our valued
friend and correspondent, James Henry Mangles.
After a painful illness, he died at his residence, Vale-
wood, Haslemere, on August 24, at the early age of
fifty-two years. Coiirteous and urbane, with exten-
sive knowledge and full sympathy with horticultural
pursuits, Mr. Mangles' accession to the Council of
the Royal Horticultural Society a few years ago was
hailed with satisfaction by those cognisant with the
wants of the Society and the capabilities of the new
Councillor. Short as has, unfortunately, been his
connection with the Society, Mr. Mangles amply ful-
filled the wishes and expectations of his friends. He
was full of energy and sympathetic zeal, he enlisted
an extraordinary number of recruits ; in numerous
and varied ways he endeavoured to stimulate the
flagging vitality of the Society, To him were princi-
pally due the two successful evening meetings held last
year at the rooms of the Linnean Society. To him
among but a few, we looked forward in the hope that
his influence and zeal would sooner or later extricate
the Society from the impasse into which, by force of
circumstances, it has been driven at South Kensing-
ton. To him we looked to take a prominent part in
finding a new place of meeting for the Society, and in
reorganising its affairs on a broader and more dis-
tinctively national basis. But these hopes are sadly
dimmed by his death ; and, so far as he is concerned,
we can only look back with mingled sorrow and
gratitude. As a horticulturist Mr, Mangles' speciality
was the Rhododendron. He was as much interested
in the latest crosses of a Waterer or a Davies as in
the discoveries of Hooker in Sikkim, and of later
explorers in Sumatra. No labour was too great, no
distance too remote, to present an obstacle to him
when a Rhododendron was to be seen. He made
them, in fact, the study of his life. It is to be

deplored that his knowledge to a large extent dies
with him. He published but little save in the
form of occasional contributions to the journals,
and we are not aware whether he has left
any manuscript record of the results of his
numerous experiments in hybridising the species.
Visitors to the Royal Horticultural Society will
remember the ample collection of noble specimens
that he was in the habit of bringing to the
Society's meetings, and the members of the Scientific
Committee had frequent occasion to admire the full
knowledge of species possessed by him and the
valuable illustrations of hybridisation which he sub-
mitted to them. To the l;ist, we believe the agonies
of a painful illness were partially alleviated by the
inspection of specimens brought for naming or other
purposes by his gardener. Those species which
required some slight protection were grown in long
canvas houses with straight sides and ridged roof,
which he called his cathedral houses, and from which
the canvas blinds could be removed at will. The
plan answered admirably, as the specimens he showed
amply testified, and the plants even when out of
bloom show the beauty that always characterises
vigorous growth. From these houses came the
numerous specimens of which we have been privileged
to give illustrations from time to time, including that
published to-day, and which we little thought, at the
time he brought it to us, would have to serve in some
sort as a tribute to his memory.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHE ATM, LONDON
For the Week Ending Wednesday, September 3, 1884.

Q
0

Barometer,

Temperature of

THE AlH.

Hygromc-
trical De-
ductions

from

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Edition

Wind.

J
.J

<
0

1=

■a" u

ill

a

X

1

i

s

-2

1°

° 2 S

3< 0

a.

S

•o&l

il

<

Aug.
28

29
30

Sept

I

2
3

In.
29.49
39.62
29.69
29 S9
29-52
29-58
29.50

In.
-0.37
-0.24
-oiS
—029
-036
-03'
—0.40

-0.31

68.0
65.'
675
68. s
54.8
57.3
37.9

)7.c

a
53.0
Si.o
52.0
58.5
55 -5
53-3
1I-2

05

15.0
14. 1

iSS

10. 0
9.3
140
16.7

11

59. 1
S6.6
59-4
61.9
59.1
59 2
» 3

59-4

— i.i

— 35

— 0.6
+ 31

— 0-3

— C.l

4- 0.5

50-9
489
54-2
58-7
54.0
i3.9
;t.2

■.3.1

74{

76

84

87

83{

83

iii
80

N.W. :
S.W.
N.W.
N.W.

W.
N.W. :

w. sw.

S.W. :

vv. sw.

S. :
S.SW.

In.
0.09
0.00
0,09
0.03
0.46
0.07

O.IO

Mean

29-57

- 0.8

N.W.

0.84

Aug. 28. —Rain in early morning. Dull day. Rain from
6 P.M., fine at 10 f.M.
-Fine and bright in early morning. Dull day. Fine
night. Lightning in E.
30. — Frequent showers during day, short bright inter-
vals. Rain falling occasionally throughout the
evening.
31. — Dull day and night. Rain falling at 10 p.m.
[. — Rain falling from 9 A.^t. till 2.30 i-.M. Bright
from 3 i". M. Very fine night.
~- 2. — Fine day. Two claps of thunder between 1,30 P.Mi

and 2 P.M., with rain. Very fine night.
— 3. — Fine day, bright mostly. Fine clear night.

— 29.-

Sept.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August 30, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 30. 14 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.99 inches by 3 p.m.
on the 24th, increased to 30.5 inches by midnight on
the same day, decreased to 29,99 inches by 9 A.M.
on the 25th; increased to 30.16 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 26th, decreased to 29.65 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 28th, increased to 29.91 inches by 9 a.m., and
decreased to 29.84 inches by 3 p.m. on the 30th, and
was 29. S7 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 29.92 inches, being 0.14 inch lower than last
week, and o.ii inch below the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 86", on the 24th. The
mean of the seven high day temperatures was 67^4.

The lowest temperature was 48"., on the 26th ; on
the 25th the lowest temperature' was 53°.S. The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 5i°.5'

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
33", on the 27th ; the smallest was 8", on
the 27th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was

The mean temperatures were— on the 24th, 69*'.6,

312

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

oD^the 25th, 58°.3 ; on the 26th, 53^3 ; on the 27th
53°. 3 ; on the 28th, 59°. r ; on the 29th, 56°.6 ; and on
the 30th, 59'.4 ; and these were all below their aver-
ages (excepting^ the 24th, which was 9° above) by
2 .2, 7 .1, 7 , I .ij 30,^^ and o°.6 respectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 58°. 5, being
6 .7 lower than last week, and T.S below the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 148°. 5, on the 24th. The mean of the seven
daily readings was II4°.4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 38°. 5, on the 26th.
The mean of the seven readings was 42°.

Ram. — Rain fell on four days to the amount of o°.52
inch, of which o°.33 inch fell on the 27th.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 30 the highest temperatures were 87°. 6, at
Cambridge, 86° at Blackheath, 85° at Hull ; the
highest at Liverpool was 64°, at Brighton 7S°.8, at
Plymouth 79°. The general mean was 79°. 5.

The lowest temperatures were 40°. 2 at Wolver-
hampton, 41° at Hull, 4i°.3 at Cambridge ; the
lowest at Blackheath 48°, at Bradford, Leeds, and
Preston, 47'. The general mean was 44°. 6.

The greatest ranges were 46°.3 at Cambridge,
44° at Hull, 43°.4 at Wolverhampton ; the smallest
ranges were I7°.4 at Liverpool, at Brighton 29°.8, at
Plymouth 32°. 6. The general mean was 36°. 9.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 69°.6, at Brighton and Notting-
ham 68°.3 ; and was lowest at Bolton 6r.6, at
Sunderland, 62°. 2, at Liverpool 63°. 9. The general
mean was 66°. 3.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 54°.8, at Preston 52°. 7, at
Brighton 5i°.8; and was lowest at Hull, 45°.9, at
Wolverhampton 47'.8, at Bolton 48°.2. The general
mean was 51°.

The mean daily range was greatest at Hull, 2I°.5,
at Nottingham I9°.3, at Cambridge 19° ; and was
least at Liverpool, I2°.3, at Bolton, Sunderland,
and Preston I3°.4. The general mean was i6°.2.

The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth,
60°. 6, at Brighton and Blackheath 58°. 5 ; and was
lowest at Bolton, 53°.3, at Sunderland S3°.9, at Hull
55°' I- The general mean was 56°. 6.

Rain. — The largest falls were 1.98 inch at Liver-
pool, 1.69 inch at Bolton, 1.62 inch at Preston ; the
smallest falls were 0.22 inch at Hull, 0.31 inch at
Sunderland, and 0.32 inch at Nottingham. The
general mean fall was o. 78 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 30 the highest temperature was 78°. 5, at
Edinburgh, at Paisley the highest was 65°.2. The
general mean was 72°. i.

The lowest temperature in the week was 40°. 2, at
Dundee and Aberdeen ; at Leith the lowest tempera-
ture was 44°.4. The general mean was 43°. 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Edinburgh,
56°, and lowest at Aberdeen, S3°.9. The general
mean was 54°. S.

/fam.— The largest fall was 1.70 inch, at Aberdeen,
and the smallest fall was 0.22 inch, at Edinburgh.
The general mean fall was 0.73 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S,

^nqt

quirws.

" Ht that guislimith much stuUl learn «ii«/S."— Bacon.

Strawberries Dying Off.— Can any of our readers
give the reason of Strawberry Vicomtesse H^ricart de
Thury dying off? They are potted in s-inch pots, in
good rich soil, and every day I have to throw away
twelve or fifteen plants, which suddenly die off. All my
other sorts that I have potted are doing remarkably well,
but this is the only one that does not succeed. I have
mixed a few in with the other sorts, giving them all the
same treatment, yet they die off. H. N.

Answers to Correspondents.

Begonias and Gesneras Diseased : H. Sf Co.
The appearances are like those produced by red-
spider or thrips, or both. Indeed, we found traces of
both on the Begonias.

Ct;cUMBERS : E. T. The roots sent were normal, so
we think it must have been a bad case of ordinary
gumming. '

Gravel Walks : H. A. Porter. Boiling water in
which salt to the proportion of i pint to the gallon of
water, applied by means of a watering-pot with a rose
and during dry weather, will kill all weeds, but you
must protect the living edging, if any. Turf is not
hurt by the salt water when it is not applied directly

Insects : D. &• Co. Your bulbs of Eucharis and Vallota
are in a rotten condition, and are consequently infested
by a great number of minute white mites, and some very
small larvas of some Dipterous insect. These are
usual accompaniments of rotten vegetable matter, and

not the original cause of the disease, these creatures
not attacking healthy plants or roots.

Melons : J. B. Your plants are badly infested with a
species of Vibrio, insects that in some years are very
prevalent, attacking the roots, and forming warty ex-
crescences, which attacks cause general unhealthiness
in the plants, and in bad cases the cessation of growth
and fall of the fruit in a prematiu^e stage.

Names of Fruit : J. B. 1. Violette Hative Nectarine ;
2 and 3, Noblesse Peach ; 5, Grosse Mignonne Peach.
The others cannot be recognised without some know-
ledge of the leaves and flowers.

Names of Plants : Mary W. i, Crataegus Crus-
Galli, var. pyracanthifolia ; 2, Cotoneaster atfinis. —
C. E. F. 1, Myrica gale ; 2, Gnaphaliura silvaticum ;
3, O.xyria reniformis.— 7- H. S. 1, Croton augtisti-
folius : 2, Thibaudia acuminata ; 3, not recognised ; 4,
Nerium Oleander ; 6, Monarda fistulosa. — C. IV. A.
Gleditschia, but which we cannot tell from the speci-
men sent— probably the inermis variety of G. tria-
canthos. — W. G. and C. b' S. Euonymus europasus.
— A. W. Tait. Chrysanthemum uliginosum. — E.
May. Leycesteria formosa. — J. C. Lysimachia ne-
morum.— i^. /,. Abelia serrata.— Cum/ie. i, Den-
drobium canaliculatum ; 2, Epidendrum floribundum ;
3, Buphthalmum salicifolium ; 4, Stachys coccinea. —
E. P. Dixon. Brassica campestris. — A. N., Uck-
field. Rubus phosnicolasius. — A. M. Eryngium
Olivierianum. — G. R. Polygonum cuspidatum. —
W. M. B. When the specimen reached us it was
smashed and discoloured beyond recognition. It is a
Labiate.

Pansies : May. The flowers do not possess any un-
usual merit, that you need name them.

Parcel of Fruit : J. B. Never reached us.

Peaches and Nectarines for Open Air : C. Dim-
mick. Early : Early Grosse Mignonne (true). Hales'
Early, Medium, Royal George, Grosse Mignonne,
Belle Beauce. Late : Sea Eagle, amongst Peaches ;
Nectarines — Lord Napier, Pitmaston Orange, and
Pine-apple.

Peaches and Nectarines on Same Stock : A. W.
Le Maitre. These freaks are anything but uncom-
mon, as the readers of our columns will well know.

Peaches Diseased ; Samuel Finney if Co. We can-
not tell the exact cause, but it may proceed from
' ' gorging " the roots by much watering. Fruit grown
in pots is sometimes so affected.

Rhododendron Grafting : F. P. To be answered
next week.

Yellow Turnip: M. Cuthbertson. A pretty speci-
men— firm and good-flavoured, and moreover a good
keeping sort for late crops. It should find favour with
exhibitors, or any one requiring Turnips of this colour.

Cut Flowers. — .

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden-
Bulbs and Plants.

G. Bruce, Aberdeen— Bulbs.

W. Samson & Co., and W. T. Samson, Kilmarnock—
Bulbs, Forest, and Fruit Trees in General.

W. Toogood, Southampton — Bulbs.

Clark Brothers & Co., Carlisle— Bulbs.

Stephen Brown. Weston-super-Mare— Bulbs.

P. I. Perry, Banbury— Bulbs.

A. M. C. Jongkindt-Coninck, Tottenham Nurseries,
Dedemsvaart, Netherlands — Conifers.

W. Tait & Co., Dublin— Bulbs.

Communications Received.— R. H. Munday.— Diss.— H. H.
Norie— D. T. F.— De Mar.— J. G. B.— R.C. E, H.— W. H.
—A. D.— C. V. M.-H. E.-C. W. D.— H. E., Ryde.-Dr.
Bonavia.— B. W.— Asa Grey.— A. F. B.— A. W. B.— C. B. P.
—Bruce Findlay.— C. R.— R. P.— H. Ward.-G. C— Crystal
Palace,

arkds*

COVENT GARDEN, September 4.

Market very quiet ; supplies still heavy.
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— AvERAGK Wholbsale Prices.

James

Apples, 5^-sicve . .
Figs, per dozen . .
Grapes, per lb.
Kent Filberts. lb...
LemoDS, per case . .

s.d. s.d.
16-40
o 6- o g
06-30
06-07

10 0-14 o

s. d. s. d.

Melons, each . . 10-16

Pine-apples, Eng., lb, 60-..
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 o-io o
Plums, J^-sieve .. 40-90
Pears, French, doz. 10-19

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

-. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 20-40

Asparagus, English,

per 100 . . ..30-50

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz, . . i o- . ,

Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-16

Carrots, per bun. ,. 06- ...

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen,. .. 3 o- 4 o

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ...06-10

Endive, French, per
dozen .. ..26-36

Garlic, per lb, ■.06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. o a- o 4

Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to :oci.

J. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch.. 04-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . 06- . .

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 09-..
Peas, English, quart 16-..
Radishes, per doz, .. i 6- . .
Small salading, per

punnet .. ..04-..

Spinach, per strike.. 20-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. 10- ..
Turnips, new, bun. -. 08-..

Kent kidneys, ^os. to

Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 3
Asters, 12 bunches , . 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria, 1 2 sprays o
Carnations, 12 bun. 2
Chrysanth., 12 bun. ^

— large, 12 blooms 3
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches .. .,2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 6

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 2

0-40
0-60
0-60
9- I o
4-10
0-60
0-90
0-60
0-40
0-60
0-60

0-60
0-60

0-12 o
6-10

-Average Wholesale Prices
d. s. d.

Lapageria, red, 12

blooms . . . . I
Lavender, 12 bun, .. 6
Marguentes, 12 bun. 3
MiEnonette, 12 bun. 1
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. .. o

Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethurm, 12 bun. 2
Riiodanthes, 12 bun. 4
Roses (indoor), doz. z

— (outdoor), 12 bun. 2

— coloured, doz. .. 4
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 3
Stocks, 12 bunches .. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. i
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 2
Tuberoses, per doz.. o
White Jasmine, bun. o

0-30

0-20
0-80
0-60
0-40

6-10
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-40
0-60
c- 9 o
0-60
0-60
6-40
0-40
6-10
6-10

Plants in Pots.— Aver

s. d. s. d.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o

Arbor-vitae (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen . . 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Calceolarias, per doz. 40-90
Chrysanth-, dozen .. 40-90
Cockscombs, doz. . . 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 20-40
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— vindis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70

.d.

AGE Wholesale Prices.
s.d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 (>-io o
Fuchsias, per doz. . . 30-60
Heliotrope, doz, .. 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 o-i8 o
Lilium longiSorum,

per dozen .. 6 0-18 o

— lancifolium, doz. 6 0-18 o

— auratum, doz. 12 0-24 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz. 30-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,

each .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen .. .. 4 o- g o
— scarlet, per doz .. 20-60
Petunias, per dozen 30-60
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 40-60
Solanums, dozen . . 9 0-15 o

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday supplies of English Wheat
being small prices were quoted steady as compared with
the previous Monday, but not better. Of Foreign
Wheat arrivals have been heavy, buyers consequently
acted with considerable reserve, and the day's business
was small and disappointing at about the rates of Mon-
day se'nnight. Flour was dull at the recent easier prices.
Maize was barely so firm. Barley was slack, although there
was a little more enquiry : prices were unchanged,
Oats were firmer on the week ; common qualities have
advanced 3^. and 4(/.,and the better grades are at length
participating in the improvement.— Wednesday's Wheat
trade was dull. English was in small supply, and not
worse in price than on Monday ; foreign was fiat.
Barley was without quotable alteration. Maize was
firmer. Oats were again rather dearer. — Average
prices of corn for the week ending August 30 ; —
Wheat, 35J. \d. ; Barley, 32^, \d. ; Oats, 20J. For
the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 43J. 2rf. ;
Barley, 30J. yi, ; Oats. 22J. ad.

CATTLE.

At the Metropolitan Market on Monday supplies of
cattle were fully adequate to demand, which was dull.
Choice cattle were scarce, and realised quite previous
rates ; but for second qualities lower rates had in some
cases to be taken to close sales. The sheep supplies
were hght, and prices rather higher in consequence,
although the demand was not brisk. Calves sold badly.
Quotations : — Beasts, 4J. Zd. to 51. ^d., and 51. td. to
5J. \odr, calves, ^s. Zd. to %s. lod.; sheep, 5J. to 5.^. 6d.,
and 55. lod. to 6s. ^d. — On Thursday the very inclement
weather checked business. Beasts sold at late rates, but
a great many sheep remained on hand.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report stales that
trade was very dull, supplies were good, and top prices
of Clover and hay lower. Quotations : — Prime Clover,
95J, to 115J, ; inferior, 6oj. to 75J. ; prime second cut,
90J-. to II5J. ; best meadow hay, 8o.r. to 95J. ; inferior, 40^.
to 65J. ; and straw, 28J. to 365^. per load.— On Thursday
there were short supplies, and business was suspended
on account of the weather. — The Cumberland Market
report states that there was a fair supply, at the following
quotations : — Prime old Clover, looj. to 112s. ; inferior,
60J. to 7SJ. ; prime old hay, 80s. to 90J. ; new, 70s.
to 84J. ; and straw, 30^^. to 35J. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that the supplies continue good of home growth, and
trade rather slacker. Quotations : — Kent kidneys, 7ar.
to gos. ; ditto Regents, 70J. to gos. ; Esse.x Shaws, 60s.
to 70^. ; Magnum Bonums, 705. to Sat. ; Early Roses, 80s.
to 95J. per ton.^The imports into London last week
consisted of 40 bags from Hamburghs, and 1533 from
Stettin.

looj. ; Champions, 70J. per ton. Trade heavy

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 15s. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, 14J. 9*/.; Walls End — Helton, 17.^.; Helton
Lyons, 15J. ; Lambton, i6s. 6d. ; Wear, 15J. ; East
Hartlepool, 16s. 3^/. ; South Hartlepool, i^s. 3^. ; Tees,

Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
at 100,1 to ioo| for delivery, and ico\^ to lOo};*} for the
account. On Tuesday prices for delivery were as on the
preceding day, and looJ to 101 for the account. Wed-
nesday's closing prices were loo.^ to looJ for delivery,
and looj^ to looj^ for the account : the same figures
were recorded at the close on Thursday.

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

313

GRAl^D IITERMTIOML HORTICULTUEiL EXHIBITION,

to be held in Dundee, on September 11, 12, and 13.

THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE

FOU

NEXT SATUBDAY, SEPTBMBEE 13,

WII.I, CONTAIN A

SPECIAL TELEGRAPHIC REPORT OF THE ABOVE SHOW.

Price ^d, Post-free '-^^d. May be ordered of all Booksellers and Nezusagents, and at the Railway Bookstalls.

W. EICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STBEET, STBAND, W.C.

CARSON'S

PAINT.

PATRONISED BY

HER MAJESTY the QUEEN. H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES. H.R.H. the DUKE of EDINBURGH

The British Government. The Indian Government. The Colonial Governments. 15,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.

IS EXTENSIVELY USED FOR ALL KINDS OF

OUTDOOR V^ORK.

IT IS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO

1 Cwt and Oil Mixture
Carriage Free.

Discount for Cash.

WOOD, IRON, BRICK, STONE and COMPO, CONSERVATORIES. GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, Ac.

SOLD IN ALL COLOURS. PRICES, PATTERNS, and TESTIMONIALS FREE.

WALTER CARSON & SONS,

LA. BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G. ; BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, "~

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes,

Cold

and

SUver

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22. 1S83.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk edition, price \s.
Price liist on application Free.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or |

the Materials supplied.

^ See Gardeners' Chronicle, June 7, 1883.

SMPLEX

L K A D

GLAZNG.

Sectiott of a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

Section of a Wiftdow Sask'Bar be/ore and

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED. ./...c...«..

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labnur to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

▼TTFTTTTVT

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STBIPS,

Write for Prospectus, niustratlona,
and Testimonials.

QROVEE, * 00. (Wmited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Rgad, N.

314

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, i8

1884 — 188 5,

SEEDS AND PLANTS.

A. LIETZE,
Caixa 644, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Wholesale Prices in German Marks.

Acrocomia cubensis

,, scUrocarpa

Areca lutescens

,, 5,000 Seeds, 100 marks

,, 10,000 Seeds, 160 marks

,, madagascariensis

„ rubra

,, 5,000 Seeds, 50 marks

Astrocaryum Airi

Atlalea speciosa

Ractris maraja

Copernicia cerifera

Desmoncus sp. Rio
Diploihemium candescens

,, maritimum
Elaeis guineensis
Euterpe edulis
Geoooma gracilis

,, 5000 Seeds, 120 marks

,, Schottiana .. ..

,, sp. Qu^luz
Caryota sobolifera ..

,, urens
Cocos campestris

„ dexuosa

,, oleracea

,, plumosa

,, saoo Seeds, 250 marks

Cocos procopiana

,, Weddelliana . .

,, 5,000 Seeds, 250 marks

., 10,000 Seeds, 450 marks

CoflTea arabica

,, yellow fruited variety

„ var. MARAGOGIPE

,, per bushel, 200 marks

,, var. MURTA

., per bushel, 160 marks

Glazovia insignis
Livistonia sinensis . .

, , 5000 Seeds, 50 marks

Maximiliana regia . .
tJreodoxa oleracea . .
Pandanus utilis

,, 5, coo Seeds, 80 marks

,, io,co3 Seeds, 150 marks

Ravenala madagasc.
Fhilodeiidfon bipinnatifidum

,, i>peciosum

,, ' 5,000 Seeds, 75 marks

., 10,000 Seeds, 120 marks

Vriesia hieroglyphica

When
Ripe.

Sept.
Sept.

April

June
Jan.

Nov.

May

Nov.

Jan.

May
March
March

May

May
March

May

Dec.
Aug.

Aug.
March
irregular

rregula
April
April

June

100
Seeds.

Maiks
80

IS
30

June

5

^a

June

8

6j

irregular

6

40

irregulai

6

4u

Jan

7

50

March

5

30

Jan.

10

80

irregular

5

30

Nov.

so

180

Dec.

7

55

May

8

15

May

3

25

May

5

40

30

PLANTS.

ALOCASIA PORTEI. extra strong plants, a-piece. 20 to 40

marks.
,. PLUMBEA. strong plants, a-piece, 2 to 5 marks.
ALSOPHILA ELEGANS and EXCELSA, % to i yard

high, each 10 marks. .Stems without fronds.
ARECA LUTESCENS, i to 2 yards high, from the open

ground, 400 marks per 100 Smaller bushy plants, 300

marks per too. Packing and sea transit expenses m-

crease the price from 60 per cent, to 100 per cenr.
CALADIUM. — A special ofTer of my enormous tubers will be

sent out ill December.
CATILEYA GUTTATA, fresh collected, 220 to 400 marks

per 100.
,. HARKlSONI, fresh collected, 220 to 400 marks per 100.
DKAC/ENA TERMINALIS, stems, 2j^ marks per metre.
GKIFFINIA HYACINTHINA, strong bulbs, 45 marks

per 100.

The arrival of Seed^ and Plavis in goof order

caiiuot be guaranteed.
Abova Prices are for Cash without Diecount.

A. LIETZE.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOB AUTUMN AND WINTER.

STRONG. HEALTHY. AND FULL OF BLOO.U.

ACACIAS. i8r. to 30J. per dozen.

AZALEA INDICA, i8j. to 6oj. per dozen.

BOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, i8j. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, 30J. to 6oj. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Smith's superb strain), full of

buds, 5-inch pots, iSi. per dozen.
CYTISUS, lis. to 181. per dozen.
EPACRIS, best sorts, i8j. to 30J. per dozer.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS, WILMOREANA, CAFFRA,

GRACILIS, AUrUMNALIS, &c., 6-inch pots, i8j. to
GARDENIAS, i8j. to 301. per doz-n. [30J. per dozen.

LAPAGERIA ALBA, 71. 6tl. to 421. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, ji. 6rf. each.
LI BON I A PENRHOSIANA, 12s. to i8r. per dozen.
PIMELEAS, very fine. 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 1.0s. to 425. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purple, i8j. per dozen.
TREE CARNATIONS, s-inch pots. 24J. to 30J. per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSIA. 5-inch pots. 121. to 181. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIR, !ie.. in creat variety : also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
Deacrlptlve List Free.
Selections from above may be made at Dozen Prices.
The Plants are remarkably fine and cheap.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,

WORCESTER.

DUTCH FLOWER
ROOTS.

B. 8. WILLIAMS

Begs to acquaint his numerous Customers
that the

ONLY GOLD MEDAL

of the Season was awarded to his Collection of
Bulbs e.\hibited at South Kensington last spring.

B. S. W. having received his usual Annual
Importation of Bulbs, which have been carefully
selected, and are of unusually fine quality, begs
to solicit orders for the following ; —

HYACINTHS, Early Roman.

„ Named, for Pots and Glasses.

„ for Beds and Borders.
TULIPS, Single and Double.
NARCISSUS, Garden.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS,
CROCUS.
RANUNCULUS.
ANEMONES, Single and Double.
SNOWDROPS.
IRIS.
FREESIAS.

For further particulars see GENERAL BULB
CATALOGUE, which -will be forwarded, post-free, on
application.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

Lalng'B
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, ranted, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-. T 42/-

Collections unnauieii, our Selection : —
Singles. G 21/-, H i8/-, J 18/-, K 12/.. L9/- per doz.
Doubles, W 30/-, X 24/-. Z i8/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30'-, O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.£.

B U I. B S.

Illustrated Priced CATALOCIUE of Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, containing the
best of everything and low in price, may be
had Post-free on application to

WM. PAUL & SON,

PAUL'S NURSERIES, •
W A L T H A M CROSS.

CHOICE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS

BY PLANTING NOW.

doz too

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS .. 23 6d. 18s. 6d.

PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS .. Is. 9d. 123. Od.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS .. 2B. Od. 143. Od.

DUO VAN THOL TULIPS, Single Is Od. 7b. 6d.

CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra .. each dozen

Strong clumps 1/6 8:2/- IB/- & 21-

Spccial low quotations for Bullis for Outdoor
naming and Spring Bedding.

Ne^u Illustrated Catalo.^ue post-free.

GFO. COOLING & SON,

SEED MERCHANTS AND NURSERYMEN,
BATH.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jaekman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

THE PLANTING 8EA80N.

Tlic Best Roses.

The Best Hyacintlis, Tidips, Sr'c.

The Best Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs.

Tlte Best Parli and Roadside Trees.

The Best Fruit Trees and Grape Vines.

The Best Camellias.

The Best Seeds, &'c.

May be seeu and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,

Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross.

i.Adjaitiiiig ^^ Waltliim Cross^' Station, Great Eastern
RaiiiLiny, Jut'/ an Iwur from Londtn.) Prices as io'J' as
pOisibie. l>'.'pection iti-.'itcil. Pricfd Catal^ygues /t,;\

Lalng's
Roman
Hya-
cinths.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled-
Free by Parcels Post.
12 for aj. grf. ; 6 for \s. 6t/., fine bulbs of Early
White Roman Hyacinths, bo chaste and uselul for
early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,
Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , also free by post.
Bulb Merchants Forest Hill, .•=?.£.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER, No. 41, of Choice,
Kai«, aud He.iuiiiul

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carnage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Culiivalion.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over looo Species and Varieties free on application.
_ LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selagiiiellas, valuable " Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHKSTER.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted e.'cclusively to NAKClSbUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popnlar familie?. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES. &.C., and
a quantity o( CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.

Copies wUl be Posted upon application.

T HOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS, SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS,
at Wholesale Prices.

Imported B ULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer tlie
BEST QUALITY at a mcdeiate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH cS; CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
W0BCE3TEB.

N APLE S.

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, SEED GROllER,
AND MERCHANT,

SI'RCIALirV OP

CAULIFLOWER,

VE ITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT.

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS.

A /I Vurir/ies.

VENCBSLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST. NAPLES.

September 6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.

315

ORANGE TREES

for Sale.
MANDARIN.
MALTESE BLOOD.
ST. MICHAEL.

ST. MICHAEL'S TANGIERINE.
TANGIERINE.
EXQUISITE.
SILVER, or PRATA.
Average heicht 4 ft. 6 in., each in No. 2 pot. For price, apply to
A. W., The Lodge. Perrysfield. O.xted, Redhill.

tTTe ne w~ raspberry,

LORD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
Strong Canes, 15J. per dozen, ^5 Si. per 100.
A. FAULKNOK,
INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

WM. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 1SS4
• can be had Post-free on application, and siiould be in
every Amateur's hands. It cniliracci an extensive LUt of best
Novelties ; also splendid Collections ol Double and binglc Zonal
Geraniums ; Bronje Bicolor, and Silver and Golden Tricolor
Geraniums ; Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Palms, Ferns, Stove and Green-
house Climbers, &c. Special attention is also given to Collec-
tions of Plants, which can now be supplied for immediate effect
in 5>inch pots, both Flowering and Foliage, at loi. 6(/., aii., 22^ ,
and 63s,— W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Insh and other Daffodils may be
had on application. Some very ran' forms arc ojfcrcd for the
first ttTHe, and over 100 varieties to select trom. Please
enclose 6d. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
unique. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c.. "Old Established" Warehouse,
?4, Patrick Street, Cork.

Now Ready. Price One Penny.

THE FIRST NUMBER OF

^^-

PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 2 P.M.

Manager : — B. WYNNE

(Fifteen Years Sub-Editor of the " Gakdeners' Chronicle ").

PUBLISHING OFFICE and OFFICE for ADVERTISEMENTS,

17, CATHERINE STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

W. C. SMITH & CO.,

VICTORIA WORKS,

BURY ST. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses.

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Brandies. Catalogues and Pn\-,r Lists free.

PLANT PBOTECTORS, CUCUMBER and MELON FRAMES, always in stock.

Horticultural Btiildings of every description in Iron or Wood.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR IRON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's inexpensive Growing

Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summer-houses, &c.

IllustnitioJis, full particulars, and Prices, Post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONDON OFFICE :- MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

Tj^ARLY FORCING BULBS,

-1--J for Immediate Planting.

CARTKRS' EARLIEST WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS

— Per loco, 150J. ; per 100, i8j.6(/. ; per dozen, ss.dii
CARTERS' EARLIEST PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS—

Per 100, i?i. f>a. : per dozen, is.
CARTERS" EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS—

Per 1000, 05^. : per 100, ios.td.\ per dr/^n, 15 (>d.
CARTERS' DOUliLE ROSE PARISIAN HYACINTHS—

Per 100, 15J. ; per dozen, is.
CARTERS' DOUliLE ROMAN NARCISSUS-Per 100,

■12s. 6d. ; per dozen. 2s.
CARTERS* NARCISSUS STELLA, Pure White-Per 100,

95*. ; per dozen. 3^. ttf.
CARTERS' DUC VAN THOL TULIPS. Red and Yellow-

Per 100, 71. 6d. ; per dozen, is.
CARTERS' DOUBLE SNOWDROPS. Extr.i L.-irge-Per

1000, 3or. ; per 100, 35. 6d.
CARTERS^^ LILY OF THE VALLEY, Strong Clumps—

Per dozen, iss. ; each, is. nd.
CARTERS' SPIR^A JAPONICA, Pure White— Per dozen,

js Cd ; e.ich, gd.
CARTERS' DEUTZIA GRACILIS, Pure Whitc-Per dozen,

loj. 6d. ; each, is.
TUBEROSES-Carters' Extra E.irly Double Sweet-scented :

Extra Large Bulbs— Per ico, 30J. ; per dozen. 45 6d.

Good Flowering Bulbs — Per ico, aoj. ; per dozen, 35. 6d.
Al! sent Packing and Carriage Free lo all parts o( England
and Wales.

CHARTERS, Seedsmen by Royal Command
J to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

237 and 238. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

Palms— Palms.

WM. CROWE offers the following as
• strong, clean stuff, in 60-pots, quite (it for shifting
into 48's : — Latania borbonica, 2ss. per 100; ditto, extra size,
4oi. per 100. Cocos Weddelliana. 10^. perdozen ; dittto plumosa,
6s. per dozen, aos. per 100 ; Seaforihia elegans, 30J. per 100 ;
Areca sapida, 6s. per dozen, 351. per loo ; Caryota urens. two
to three leaves. 25s. per 100 ; Phtcnix reclinata, best variety.
3or. per 100 ; Sabal Blackburyana, 4^. per doien ; Euterpe
eUulis, 6s. per dozen. 401. per 100. Also from stores: — Latania
borbonica, js. per 100; Caryota urens, 5^. per 100 ; Corypha
australis. yjr. per iod ; Phoenix rechnata, best variety, 7s. per 100.
Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

®li)Cgsl:»bli9hcb,

— {Roote, —

SUPERB QUALITY.
m\t \)k\ of |)Ollitnb.

Pnces very moderate.

fficc Deliveries.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

( ninstratcJ).

ff cliiililc .ilUi.iiis. Address in full—

F.^^.DlGP^SON^SONS,
Itbe Queen's SeeCisinen, ^

GHESITEr^.

!.....

!:::;:

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), LimiteH, having a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with conridence recommend
them to purchasers : —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in sM-inch pots. iZs. per doz. ; y-inch

pots, ^6j. per doz.
ACACIA DRJMMONDI, in 5-iach pots, iS^.perdoz.; 4-inch

pots, 125. per doz.
,, ARMATA. in 5-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

I2.T. per doz. [izj. per doz.

,, HYBRIDA, in 5-inch pots, iSi. perdoz. ; 4-inch pots,

SOLANUM CAPSICaSTRUM, well berried, in 5-inch pots,

I2J, and i8j. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pots, 365. acid 42^. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in 5-inch pois, i2.r and i8f . per doz. ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24J., 3CJ., and 425. per doi.
ADIANTUM CUNEaTUM. in 3-inch pots, 41. per doz. ;

4j4-inch pots. gs. per doz.
„ TRAPEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 45. per doz. ; 4j4-inch

pots, qs. per doz,
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, nev^ in

3-inch pots. 6s. per doz. Lper doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in 3-inch pots, <\s.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock in s-inch pots. i^s. per

doz. : 7-inch pots, 24^. , 301. , ai d 3bJ. per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, wuh six and seven bunches on each

plant, 12s. 6d. and 15J. each ; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries. 5s., "js. 6d.. los. 6d., and i2J. 6d.

each, according to strength. Stock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston.

L ANTS for EARLY

FORCING.

RHODODENDRONS, grown in the natural loam of our
Stoke nurseries, well set with flower-buds, los. per dozen.
„ large bushes, well set with flower-buds, 42J. and 60s.
per dozen.

AZALEAS. Ghent, and other varieties, well set with flower-
buds, 18s. and 3CS. per dozen.
„ large Ponticums, for cut blooms, 305. per dozen.
„ Mollis, well set with llower-buds, iSs. and 30^. per dozen.
,, Amtena, fine large clumps, good shape, i8(. and 30J.
per dozen.
SPIRAEA JAPONICA, fine clumps, 12^. and iSs. per dozen.
CATALOGUES on application.
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol;

3i6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, i8

NEW KASPBEREY,

BAXTMFORTH'S SEEDLING.

From the great reputation this splendid new Raspberry
has attained for size, quahty, and heavy cropping, the
demand for canes has been enormous the last season,
and I believe, from information received, I may this
year anticipate orders far exceeding last.

Extract from the "■Gardeners' Chronicle."

March i, 1884. p. 280.

RASPBERRY — BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING.

"Planters of Raspberries should not omit to obtain this

excellent sort, and when once they have given it a fair trial

they will plant it in quantity. It has the character of being an

excellent bearer, in good seasons bringing a fair second crop of

fruit to maturity. The plant is vigorous, carries stout dark

green foliage, and large broad-pipped dark crimson fruit. It is

much valued on the strong loamy soils of Bucks."

From Mr. D. Melville, Gardener to Mrs. Homsby,
St. I'inceiits, So7nerhy.
*' Havinc had ample opportunity of judging the merits of
your excellent Raspberry, Baumforth's Seedling, I must con-
gratulate you on behalf ol what I consider, without doubt, the
best Raspberry in cultivation. The fruit is an extraordmary
size, much larger than any variety of Raspberry I am acquainted
with. Excellent flavour, in shape of berry round with dark
crimson colour, a vigorous grower, and a most prolific consti-
tution, supplying a quantity of fine fruit in the autumn from
the season's young wood. I would strongly recommend intend-
ing planters to give Baumforth's Seedling a fair trial, which,
under ordinary treatment, is certain to give satisfaction."

Early Orders respectfully solicited.

PRICES:—
Planting Canes .. .. 3J. ^d. per dozen, 20J. per 100.
Fruiting Canes .. .. 5^. „ 30J. ,,

EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,

THE YORKSHIRE SEED ESTABLISHMENT, HULL.

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERBD CV

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C

FINEST QUALITY. LOWEST

PRICES.

HYACINTHS. While Romam ..

3 0

15 0

,» White Italian, stronger growth, a week

later

„ Blue Roman, pretty colour

1 6

10 6

„ Double, pale rose Italian— this forces

white: a lovely variety .,

2 0

15 0

,. ,. deep ro5^e Italian, charmin?

2 6

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, with yellow

intermixed

2 0

12 6

,, Paper-While, pure white, lovely

^ 9

10 6

,, Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup, new ,

^ 6

,, (Corbuiaria) citrina, pale lemon, 3

lovely frilled cup ..

JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

I 0

0 6

double

2 0

12 6

TULIPS, Due van Thol, red and yellow . .

I 0

6 6

, ., plam scarlet

5 6

LILIUM HARRISI, white trumpet, the

grandes^t of all

12 0

80 0

.. CANDIDUM, the White Lily

3 6

TUBEROSES, Double White African,

splendid

6 0

45 0

All ready for immediate delh'ery. 55. tvorih and nf%i'ards

Carriage Free.

HOOPER'S BULB CATALOGUE, illustrated in

colours, &c. , will be ready shortly. The bulbs are splendid

the prices extremely low.

winter Flowering Tree Carnations.
T\7" HOWARD, Southgate, N., can supply

» » • good strong well furnished Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including the new
ores of this year, also : —

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 4S's and sj's, very
good. ■*
„ FARLEYF.NSIS in 48V
CYEPRUS ALTERNIFOLIUS VARIEGATUS.
DRAC/ENA STRIATA, Green, a fine variety for Con-
servatory.
GARDENIAS in all sizes.
STEPHANOTIS in all sizes.
ASPIDISTRA LURIDA VARIEGATA.

CALCEOLAHIAS and CINERARIAS.

"VTEVER before were there Seedlings offered

.^^ direct from scientifically hybridised Seed, saved sepa-
rately from {ours) the best named varieties, consequently these
are and must prove the best. Whoever wishes to pride them-
selves on having the grandest display ever seen should have and
pot on plants at once. Seedlings by post, is. td. dozen, 105.
per 100. Established in small pots, 2j. dd. dozen. i8i. per 100.
Treatment and cultuie. see CATALOGUE, sent post-free.
H. CANNELIi & SONS,
THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLEV, KENT.

Laing'B
Begonia
Tubers,

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of WWte Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen \zs. Producing fine decorativs plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hili, S,Ei.

pARNATIONS and PICOTEES. — Fine

>^ Seedlings from a splendid collection of choice named
flowers. Per dozen, \s. (id.\ per loo, lOJ. td. Extra strong,
per dozen, is. 6d.\ per ico, ijs. 6d. Carriage free

DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.

CaNERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
' Seedlings, from a grand strain of lar^e and brilliantly
coloured flowers, u. 6d. per dozen, post-free. E.Ntra strong
plants, 25. 61/. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots, Iree on application.
DANIELS BROS., RoyalNorfoIkSeedEslablishment.Norwich.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT HBEE EEPUSE,

4^. per bushel ; 100 for 25J. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
4or. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6d. per sack ;
S sacks. 25^. ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 2!j. ; sacks,
41/. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. gd. per bushel; 151. per half
ton. 26s. per ton : in 2 bushel bags, 4^/. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. 6d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. Write lor Free
Price LIST,-H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Diury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

IflBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants, &c., .£6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, iss.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s. ; 5 Bags, 22s. dd. ; 10 Bags,
4SS. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. ei per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 525. per Truck 0(4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, u. 3^. per
sack ; 10 for 125., 15 for 17^ , 30 for 305. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 331, Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22J. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 4^. 6d. per sack ; 5 for
20i. ; sacks 4c^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is. 6d. per bushel,
255. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemiral MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, 6j. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
^Iats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
8i/. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb.. 281b. 21J. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehoused, Southwark Street, London, S.E., late
iQ, New Broad Street, E.G.

ORCHID PEAT,PURE BRACKEN FIBRE
(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr. EPPS informs his Friends that he is now enabled to
execute all orders tor this article most satisfactorily.
Dep6t — Ringwood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, 2J. 6d, per sack ; thirty, 25. gd. \ twenty,
2,5. td. ; ten, i,s ; five, 4^. bd. Sacks 6rf. each.

Excellent PEAT lor Rhododendrons and common purposes,
565. per truck, 141, per ton. Sample sack zj. td.

LOAM. SAND, CHARCOAL. SPHAGNUM, &c,
See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, ivith full particulars, on appUcatioj: to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly ApWs, Green and Black FI7, Lice,

Ked Spiaer, Thrlps, Mealy-Bug, Caterpillars,

Ants, Worms. &c.

FIR TREE OIL

INSECTICIDE (il^SSt)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that

Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. Jt cures Mildew and Blight in Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Orubs, Turnip Fly, itc.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-EuR without afTcctinE;
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a Rood winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Bitds. .Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6d.. is. 6d., and 4J. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. J2S. 6d., or less in lareer quantities. Per post 2^. extra,
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale:— HOOPER&CO.: CORRY, SOPER, KOWLF.R
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN and CO.; and frum all the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine House5,
New York -.-ROtKER ANU SONS, '

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, is. and 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, ': cwt., 8s.:
1 cwt., 133.

MANt'FACTURKD liV

W.H.Beeson.Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd..

iS, Finsbury Street, E.C., and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.

ASP^IdESTROYER^'" ResultTfli^a

perfect success." J'ide testimonials, js. 6d. and ss. 6d,
per bottle with full directions, free by post ^d. extra.
B. R. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 3 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations iatended to
supersede it, Boxes, is., 35., and los. td.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, hd. and \s. Irom the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GKNERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Lcedi,
Yorkshire.

INEST TOBACCO CLOTH and P.'XPER,

at 8c/. and ^d. per lb., 28 lb. iSx. Special quotalijns
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73. Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

SILVER-SAND for Gardening purposes
delivered at Merstham at 65 per ton. Apply to
Mr. TUTIN, Place Farm, Bletchingley, Red Hill, Surrey.

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies, Plantam.'^. Kib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Grass. Testimonials and
instructions on application. 36^. per cwt. : aS lb. tins, \os. ;
56 lb. kegs, \qs. each ; sample tins, 51., -zs. td. and \s.
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row, Leeds.

^ILVER SAND, fine and coarse, 245. and

^ 40J. per truck of 4 tons. PEAT. 401. and 501. per truck
of 10 cubic yards. LOaM. 40J. and 501. per truck of 6 cubic
yards. SILVER SAND, PEAT, and LOAM, in --acks, at
moderate prices.

W. SHORT, Horticultural Co.. Midhurst, Sussex.

^riRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

V Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, Catlton Place
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

FOUNTAIN.— WANTED to PURCHASE
a Second-hand Marble or Stone FOUNTAIN, about
6 or 7 feet in diameter. Address,

T. W.. 45, Linton Street. New North Road. Islington. N.

Rosber's Garden Edging TUes.

■ttCXOKOXOHt

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in materials of great durability. The

plainer sorts are specially ,, _ ,,,

suited for KITCHEN '" ^^ " ^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. u. Artificial Stone,
very diirahle and of superior finish, and in great v-iriety of design.
F. RttSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. : Kmg's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Kingsland Road, E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATINO BOXES: al.-^o
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied,

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3i. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
mote elaborate Dciigns, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lmmg Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tilci

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, t cment, &c.

F. KOSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Mcrch.xnts.

See Addresses above.

SI L V E rT S a N D,

fine or coarse grain .is desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ftrneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
uantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

AR~DEN~ REQU I S ITE S— ^ticksT^LabelT,

Virgin Cork, Raflia, Mats, Bamboo Caves, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AMD SCULL, qo, tower Tnamcs Si., London, E,C.

September 6, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

317

THE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Foiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, ElTiciency, and Economy of Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
axe acquainted. " 'r._i

Lone.

Price of Boiler
Heat of and*selof
4-io. Pipe. Fittiims.
150 feet jCs 10 o
300

A, 19 10.

B, 32 in.

C, 34 in. 400

D, 26 in. 500 ,, y 10 o

E, a8 in. 600 „ 10 15 o

F, 32 in. 700 ,, 12 5 o

G, 36 in. 850 „ 13 15 o
H, 42 in. 1000 ,, 15 10 o
I, 43 in. 1250 ,, 1750
T, 54 in. i6co ,, It; 10 o
K, 60 in. 2000 ,, 22 10 o

* Comprises full si?e double furnace door, ashpit dour and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fite bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great fxperience : — " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anvthing."" " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained oC. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating (rom 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, tire bars and dead plaie complete, and
6feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer : the
luonel running up just outside the glas^. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of Us name. Price com-
plete. 50 feet size, ^4 15 ; loofeet si?e. ^5 151,

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.

LANKESTER & SONS,
Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the KinKdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,

10 be the most nonomicaloffuel, tlwjitostpcnverful, t lie simplest,

and tlu cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHTS BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DBNNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

'.^V\X V, . ,., The Best
and Quickest
Joint." >^!=-^/ /v??;'; Made.

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. ^d. each :

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6d, each.

Price List on application.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, », . 4 15 o

6 feet long. 5 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 3 ^5 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 6 10 o

ihe glass is nailed and puttied in.

B.. HALLIDAY & CO,,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

^Li'KSSHeUSESScttEAfiNGN

B.W.WA-R»U-RST-

kKIGHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.W^

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS

^^^&^^

AND H EATI N G
ENGINEERS.

VINERIES

Erected in correct style by
competent men.

CONSERVATORIES.

GREENHOUSES

For all parts of the World of first-
class materials.

GAKDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VARIETY in Stock or Made to Order.

No. 74 Three- quarter
Span-roof Garden
Frame.

Cash Prices,

Carriage

Paid.

Nn. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. ^4 15 o

No. 3 - . 12 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 6100

No. 4 .. 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 850

These Frames are 11 inches deep in front. 22 inches deep at

back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights luin over.

Set-opes aie provided for ventilating. All painted four coals of

best oil colour, the lights glazed with best :'i-oz. English glass.

General CA TALOGUE post-free, iiuenty-fow

No. 75. Melon or Cucumber Frames.

Cash Prices, Carriage Paid,
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. £,^ 7 6
No. 3 , . 12 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 4176
No. 4 .. 16 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. Alt painted four coats of best oil
coloui. the lights glazed with 21-oz. English glass.
penny sdiiiips. Estimates ami Lists post-free.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

S * o

- %

JAMES BOTD Sc SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU MaU, S.W.

0
<3

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHXTRCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MAHSIOKS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERT DESCRIPTION.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

r^

i"i

■ :

m^1^

^m.

^i^z

pAa

IB

j^^a

l^S

I^Mfl!

!!^^^^n^M^m^

PRACTICAL HORTICULTURAL and HEATING
ENGINEERS, and Manufacturers of Every Class of BUILD-
INGS. MARKET GROWING HOUSES, PLANT and
MELON FRAMES, &c., from ^i i6j. Apply for Price LIST.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every Wnd of Hortlcnltural
Buildings.

Frice List on application to

WEIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, (ree of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Che.ipsidc, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

J. BEUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, 8.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CA TALOGUE,
tuith Prices, Post-free.

3.8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, i8

21-oz. Foreign of [he abo\i^ sizes, in loo and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4llis qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ot 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. John's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.G.

Slock List mtd Prices on application QmoK^ Chronicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities ot

BETHABl & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
Tzin., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6m., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and ■:(oi>ft. cases.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SiMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully alte&ted by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinnir.g, and is used cold. It is used ni the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seals of many
hundreds of ihc Nobility and Gentrv, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^. td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Sii. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Pierce fie Id Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which i candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials ihey receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow,

The Original and onlv Genuine Stevens'
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and Reduced in Price.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High Quality. Largest Stock in tJte Country.
4-inch Pipes. \s, fd. per yard.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle,

SULlfordsllire. This Advertisement appears alternate weeks.

HOSE-HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. Lasts four times as Umg as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as gnod as ever.''

Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ol

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63, Long Acre, London. W.C.

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.

¥^^i

"fr'.v-rjr^"'^"'^' ' , ' '"■•-'*' '■'.■.■""^■••'•"JWp^ARe'r'
lUustrnted CATALOGUE Free en ap/^Ucatitm.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And ■1. Crooked Lane. King William Street. London. E,C.

N G,

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usu^il
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.G.

TANNED N E T T I

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide. iJ4<j'., and 4 yards wide. ^d. per yard run.
ScrJm, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting; Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from i:%d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Clotb,
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other sundries at the

lowest possible prices

CATALOGUK post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

AMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and

thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool.

Under tne Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

B

The above Labels are made ot a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Strat ford-on- Avon.

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samnles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, O4, CORNHILL.
Insures against Accidents ol all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman ; — Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office. 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.
WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENINGand the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner, A.M. Inst. C E.
Lecture and Demonstration Kooms near the North Tower-
Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 I'M- Prospectus and
full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of
the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNKR has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

Gentlemen having Waste or Unprofitable
Land

SIIOULU Al'l'UV VOK

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

Mr. COOFEB, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS.

Zio 10 o

550
330
330

15 o

The Official Report

Of the Committee of the National Apple Congress, held at
Chiswick in October, 1883.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY will issue, in or about OCTOBER NEXT,
a Full Report of the above, compiled by Mr, A. F, liarion,
Superintendent of the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
and Secretary of the Committee. Edited by the Rev. George
Henslow, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. It will be in book form, octavo
size, and contain about 200 pages, embracing : —

1. A General Report on the whole of the exhibits —

arranged in ten separate groups or divisions, ac-
cording to district — mcluding the observations of
the Committee, with cultural and other details by
the several exhibitors, &c.

2. Tabulated lists of selected varieties of Apples for each

separate district, &c.

3. A Descriptive Catalogue with classification of the

whole ol the varieties exhibited, numbsring over
2000.
It is proposed to admit a limited number of first-class AD-
VERTISEMENTS, and, as a large sale is anticipated, it will
be a specially valuable medium for Fruit and Seed Growers,
Florists. HorticuUutists, Garden Implement Makers, &c.
Advertisements will be inserted in all issues at the cne price.
The Scale of Charges will be as follows :—
Back Page
Covers and Special Positions — Page

Ditto ditto Half-page .

Ordinary Pages .. ,. ..

,, Half-pages . .

All applications for Advertisement Spaces must be made to
ADAMS AND FRANCIS (Advertisement Agents to the Royal
Horticultural Society), 59. Fleet Street, London, E.C.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAL
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Eurvk-
NicH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, loj. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent. Belgium.

Farms. Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the piurpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* Midhxfid Counties
Herald Offics, Birmingham." The Midland Co^tnties Hcrala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Pull particulars on application to A. B., Gardours' Chronicle
Office, 4,1, Wellington >tieet. S'rand. London, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, where
another man is kept; must be thoroughly practical
and e.xpeiienced, and have good references from previous
employers — State wages required and references, by letter
only, in the first instance, Mr, SALAMON, Thornton House,
Thornton Road, Clapham Park. S.W.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a good plain
HEAD WORKING GARDENER, married, no
family, to live in the Lodge. Wife to attend Gate. Good
personal character. Wages ^1 per week, with vegetables, milk,
and fire-wood. — V., Foot's Cray, Kent.

WANTED, a GARDENER, to understand
Glass and Kitchen Garden. Wages, 23J. per week ; house,
gas. and firing found. Age, from 30 to 40 ; must be married, and
no children. — Stile Hall, Kew Bridge Road, Brentford. Call
between 12 and 4 p, M.

WANTE D, in a Gentleman's garden, a
SECOND GARDENER, to take charge of Glass-
houses and Fruit. —Apply, stating terms, to A, B,, Mr, James,
Silversmith. Stevenage.

ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, to

live in Bothy. — He must have a good knowledge cf the
work. Wages i6j. per week, with milk and vegetables. — J. C,
Aldershot Park, Aldershot.

WANTED, a young man, as UNDER
GARDENER, about 20 years of age ; one with some
knowledge ef Houses preferred. — State experience, and wages
expected, to GEO. MILNE, The Gardens, Titley Couit,
Titley. Herefordshire.

ANTED, a FOREMAN for a Nursery in

Wales, with a good knowledge of Nursery Work and
well acquainted with the Propagation of Evergreens and
Conifers. A married man preferred. — Apply stating age. wages
expected, and where formerly employed, to WELSH
NURSERY, Gardeners- Chronicle Otilce. 41. Wellington
Street. Strand, W C.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a steady industrious
young MAN, accustomed to Kitchen Garden. — £. F,
CROCKER, The Gardens, Ham Green, near Bristol.

WANTED, a married MAN, without family,
about 10. to take charge of Pleasure Grounds. — Mu^t
thoroughly understand his business, and have a good character
from last situation. — H. E., Worlhampton House, Great
Stan more.

WANTED, a strong active young MAN,
accustomed to General Outdoor Garden Work.
Wages 14.V. per week and bothy. — F. NEWMAN, Fernie-
hurst, Shipley, Yorks.

IrOHN STEVENS, Thels'urseries, Coventry,

tf has a VACANLV for a young LADY, to Learn the
Florist and Seed Trade. Could reside with the family. — Address
as above.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers. — Full
particulars as to experience, wages required. &c., to D. E F.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Mercliants, 153, Houiidsditch, E.

September 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

319

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
aYOUTHwUh some knowledge of Book-keeping. -
T. HEWITT AND CO., Solilmll. Birmingham.

WANTED, a COWMAN, at Scarisbrick
H.-ill. To a steady, inijustriviui. sober man (ace about
35 or 3 j). this will prove a very coniloit.ible pl.ice. The man
leaving has been wilh me seven years, leaving of I"* '>"'"
accord The duties arc to look after ten Cows, and milk the
same • to feed and attend to Pigs : to rear about twenty Calves
in each year. Wages aoi. per week. A new cottage with
garden at a low rent.— Kor :uiy further particulars, apply to
Sir. HEPBURN, Scari.sbnck Hall. Ormskuk.

AN TED, a M A N, for Paintiivj; aiici

Glazing, and rough Carpentering.— St,ate w.iges re-
quired to Messrs. SMALL AND SONS, Lawn Nurseries.
Ilkeston, near Notts.

WANT PLACES.

%* Gardeners atid others seekim; situalions
are lyAR^VED to be careful in their dealings
■with so-called Horticultural Agents, and arc
CAUTIONED AOTto SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reison to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They arc also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.
'THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

I COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurs-ries, t^arston. are in a position to recommend a
capable tr.istwotthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
B..\ILIFK. to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

I C HARD SMITH and CO.

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c^--Srjohns i?lunieries, Worcester.

QCcTtCH GARDENERS.

O —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARiSeNERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £50 ti £100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener^

RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• late Firmof DowNtE & Lairo) can at present recom-
mend wilh every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS whose character and abilities maybe thoroughly de-
oended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
SuuaJfons'- also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM B.AlLIFFS— 17. Frederick Street. Edinburgh.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
snme excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER,' BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full pariiculars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made.— Holloway. N.

GARDENER (He.^d), where two or more
are kept — A-'e 30 single ; good character from last and
previous situations.-C. B., Bower Farm Cottage, Southgate, N.

GARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept —Practical experience in ail branches. Good
testimonials. -H. C, 3. Fairview Terrace. Rowe's Road,
Southgate, N.

GARDENER (He.^d). — A Gentleman
wishes highly to recommend a Head Gardener who is
leaving his service owing to the house, &c , being about to be
sold.— Mr LINTOTT, Shopwyke House, Chichester.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gen-
tleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical
Gardener in all the various branches.— Age 42, married, no en-
SimbrSnce-S.^MUEL PICKERSGILL. Newton House,
Falkingham. Lincolnshire.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gen-
tleman requiring a good practical Gardener. -Mr. Hen-
derson. Gardener to J. Deacon, Esq.. Mabledou Park, Ton-
bridge, wishes to recommend his Foreman. Wm. Couzens. as
above.' Total abstainer.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gen-
tleman requiring the services of a thoroughly competent
and trustworthy man.— Age 44, mariied ; Scoich Could
undertake Management of Land and Stock if required ; excel-
lent character and references.— W. M., Gardener, 13, East
Bond Street. Leicester.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 33. — Mr. C.
Dixon. Gardener to Lady Holland, Holland House,
Kensington, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly practi-
cal man as Head Gardener to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentle-
man, requiring the same. Sixteen years' experience, eight years
as Head.— Address as above-

GARDENER (Head). — Age 33, married,
no family ; thoroughly understands every branch of the
profession ; successful Orchid Grower ; eighteen years' expe-
rience ; live years in present situation ; leaving through estate
beintr sold Highly recommended by present employer. W. J.
Steward. Esq.-GEO. WYTHES, The Gardens, Thirlestaine
Hall, Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30,
unmarried ; fourteen years' practical experience in good
establishments. Highest references as to character and ability.
— D. MACKENZIE, Ingmire Gardens, Sedbergh, Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Working).— Age 40,
married; understands his duties. Four and a half
years' good character from last place. — G. G., 4, The Villas,
Blindley Heath. South Go.tstoue, Surrey. ^

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27,

m.inicd, a cKildien ; lifleeu years' experience in all
branches of Gardening. Land and Stock if required. — M. W.
STULLANDS. Ticehurst. Sussex.

C ^ARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Age 40 ;
T experienced in all branches. Wife could taWe Dairy or
Laundry, Good relerences.— W. \V., 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W^^

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,

three in family ; disengaged at Michaelmas. Twenty
years' experience. Highest references. — GARDENER,
Cazcnove House, Clapham Common, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27,
married, no family ; nine and a half years' experience in
good places. Well recommended from present and previous
pUces.- H JACQUES, Cr.inslcy. Kettering. Northamptonshire.

GARDENER (Head Working), where he
will have two or three hands under him — A Guntlkman
wishes to recommend his Head Working Gardener, as above. —
For character apply to BAILEY DENTON, Esq., Orchard
Court, Stevenage.

GAR^DENER (HEAD Working).— Age 42,
one child (age 9) ; well versed in Early and Late Korcmg,
and the General Requirement of a Large Establishment. First-
c'ass refeiences — H, IRELAND, Iron Gates, near Ottery St.
Mary, Devon.

/:j.ARDENER (Head Working), where

V_T one or two are kept.— Single ; fifteen years' experience
in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse
Pianis, Orchids Two vears' excellent character trom last
place.— E. BUCKETT, S'arisbury Green, near Southampton.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or more are kept.— Thoroughly experienced in
Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Cut Flowers, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Land and
Slock.— Y., 23, Salisbury Road, Upper Holloway, London, N.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38;

married, two children ; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Good character. — B. B., Whitly Road, Rye
Common, Hcddesdon. Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
more are kept. — Married, no family ; highly respectable,
energetic and trustworthy. Twenty-six ye.irs" tirst-cla=s
experience in every brancft of the profession. Superintend
Land and Stock if required.' Satisfactory reasons for leavmg ;
excellent character. — M. R., Springwood, Dartford, Kent

(":j.ARDENER (He.\d Working), or FORE-

V-J man, where several are kept. — Age 26, married ; three
years' character from last and previous employers. — SMITH
AND SON, Streatham Hill, S.E.

GARDENER. — Age 32, married; under-
stands the Management of Vines, Cucumbers, Melons,
Tomatos, the Cultivation of all kinds of Flowering Plants ; also
the Work of the Kitchen Garden and Hardy Fruit Trees.
Wages, with cottage, 25J. per week. Testimonials good. — W.
L, Myrtle Cottage, Freemantle. Southampton.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
two or three are kept. — Age 25 ; eleven years' experience
in all branches. Can be highly, recommended. — Write, stating
full particulars and wages, to G. H., 3, Devonshire Place,
Childs Hill, Kilburn, N.W.

GARDENER (SECOND), inside and out.—
Age 25; two and a half years' good character. — H. H.,
Benhilton Mount. Sutton, Surrey.

/^ARDENER (SECOND).— Age 25 ; well ex-

VJ perienced. Can be highly recommended. — G. GUY, 47,
Essex Street, Readine.

C ^ARDENER (SECOND), in a good establish-
-* ment ; age 24. — Mr. W. G. Hazull, The Vmeries,
Wood Green, wishes to recommend a young man who has served
under him for nearly three years.

ARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; has had

good experience in Vjneries, Peach-houses, Plant-houses,
and also F'lower and Kitchen Gardening. — A. E. BUSH,
Lilford Hall Gardens. OuoUle, Northamptonshire.

ARDENER (SECOND), or as~FLOWER

and KITCHEN GAKDENER.-Age 28 ; good
references. Please state wages. — F. E., Albion News Rooms,
Blackfriars Bridge, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), where Head
Gardener assists, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in good
establishment ; age 25 —Mr. Rve, Sneyd Park, Bristol, can
with confidence recommend a young man as above.

/^ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-

\-^ MAN, Inside or Out, in a good establishment. — Age 23 ;
good character from last and previous places. — J. LEE, Nun
Monkton. near York.

ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-

MAN in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 21 ;
good character. Bothy preferred. — A. WRIGHT, The Gardens,
West Harling Hall, Thetford, Norfolk.

GARDENER (SECOND, or Under), in a
good establishment. — Age 22; well up in all laranches.
First-class references.— F. PKIDGEON, Legbourne Road,
Louth, Lincolnshire.

ROOM and PLAIN GARDENER.—

Married, small family ; country preferred. One and a
half years' good character. Could Milk a Cow. Willing to
make himself generally useful.— PORTER, 10, Wells Buildings,
Hampstead, N.W.

FOREMAN. — Has been for some time in
one of the largest Orchid establishment in France, Very
highest references. Bothy preferred.— R. C, iSo, High Street,
Southampton.

1 FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
25 ; understands Cucumbers, Melons, Vines, Pines,
Peaches. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — G. H. Gbekn,
Gardener. Enville Hall, Stourbridge, Staffordshire, can with
confidence recommend a man as above,

F0R1':MAN (General, or otherwise), in a
tirat-class establishment —Mr. Thomson. Gardener to
the Duke of Grafton. Wakefield Lodge, Stony Stratford, Bucks,
can recommend a thoroughly practical and experienced man
as such.

FOREMAN (General), in the Houses, in
a good establishment, where everything is well carried
out.— Age 25 ; twelve years' experience in good establishments
—three year? as Foreman. Goad character. — A. P., The
Gardens, liyH-iet Lodge, Wcybridge, Surrey.

FOREMAN (Outdoor), or ROSE
grower. — Age 30: fourteen years' first-class experi-
ence. Three and a half years' good character.— J. B,, 5,
Sandringh.im Terrace, West Green, Tottenham, N.

FOREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 26;
tliorout;h knowledge of the profession. Good relerences.
— C, Mr. Bible, Woodrield. Stevenage, Herts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER in a
Nursery (indoors). — Young ; well recommended. — W.
J. C , Mr. H. Barnet, 417, High Street. Cheltenham.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR, Stove, Greenhouse, and
Soft-wooded. — Age 25 ; five years in present place in
London Nursery.- H. RIDDLE. Lee's Nursery, Wood Lane,
Isleworth.

JOURNEYMAN (In.side, good), or KIT-

O CHEN GARDENER and PLEASURE GROUND
FOREMAN. — Age 23. Good wall hand. Two good references.
— T. FULLER, I, Gladstone Villa, Southfield, Wandsworth,
Surrey.

TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's estabUsh-

f-' ment. — Age 23 ; good character. Five years' experience.
— C. H., 6. Rutland Road, Perry Hill, Catford.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 22.—

t/ J. Jefferson, The Gardens, Carlton House, Worksop,
Notts, wishes to recommend a young man who has served
under him for the past two and a half years.

TO NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN.—
The Advertiser (age 37, married) is desirous of Taking
Charge ot extensive Gardens and Glass, where the surplus is
sold to defray expenses. Good Forcer of Fruit, Flowers, and
Vegetables. Highly recommended. — C. H. Dale, 231, High
Road, Lee, Kent,

To GROWERS of PLANTS and FRUIT in
General for Market. — The Advertiser (age 37), a
thorough practical man. is open for an engagement ; can also
undertake the Erecting and Heating of all Houses for the
above purposes. Highest references. — Address particulars to
A. B., Messrs. Cutbush & Son, The Nurseries, Barnet, Herts.

IMPROVER. — Age 21, with seven years' ex-
perience ; desires a situation where he can further Improve
himself in the Houses. Total abstainer. Good character from
present Head Gardener.— WILLIAM CANN, 19, Waterloo
Place, North Shields.

IM PROVE R. — An inteUigent youth (nearly i g) ;
five years* experience Indoors and Out. Two years' good
character from present, and three from previous situation.
Bothy preferred. — W. SILLS, The Gardens, Shoreham Place,
Sevenoaks, Kent.

O GARDENERS.— A. W. Ward, Longford

Castle, Salisbury, would be pleased to recommend a
deserving youth (age 17), who has been two years in the houses
here, to any Gardener requiring a sharp, hard-working lad.

Cr>LORISTS.— Wanted,l)y a youth (i8J,

a situation with a Florist, where a small salary would be
given to commence with, and a good opportunity of promotion.
Only been out three months.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough
Borobridge, near York.

RAVELLER, CLERK, or SHOPMAN in

a provincial Seed Establishment. — Younc ; well ex-
perienced in all the departments.— J. LOWLESS, Wordsley,
Stourbridge.

Seed Trade,

SHOPMAN or SECOND.— Age 24; ten
years' experience in Retail and Wholesale Trade. — A.
A. C. 14, Canon Road, Horn.sey Vale, London, N.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

SALESMAN, or SHOPMAN.— Nine years'
experience ; excellent testimonials respecting character
and abilities.— B. C, 15, New Street, Tiuner Street, Mile End
Road, London, E.

Seed Trade.

ASSI STANT. — A young man (age 2 1 ) requires
a situation as above ; ihree and a half years' London
experience. London or countrv. — T. S., 9, Tolmer's Square,
Hampstead Road, London, N.W.

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted, re-engagement
bya young LADY. Thoroughly understands the Business
throughout all its branches. First-class London experience.
Good references. — E. P., 114, Terminus Road, Eastbourne.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — Indigestion. —
How much thought has been bestowed and what
voluminous treatises have been written upon this univer.sal and
distressing disease, which is with certainty and safety dispelled
without fear of relapse by a course of this purifying, soothing,
and tonic medicine ! It acts directly on the Stomach, Liver,
and Bowels — then indirectly, though no less effectively, on the
Brain, Nerves, Vessels, and Glands, introducing such order
throughout the entire system that harmony dwells between
each organ and its functions. Dyspepsia need no longer be
the bugbear of the public, since HOLLOWAY'S PILLS are
fully competent to subdue the most chronic and distressing
cases of impaired digestion, and to restore the miserable
sufferer to health, strength, and cheerfulness.

320

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 6, 1884.

Yy^INTER APPROACHES.

All in charge of HOTHOUSES should now look to their BOILERS and re-
member that WEEKS'S PATENT DXJPliEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILER
is the GARDENER'S BEST FRIEND.

The UNIFORM and UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS of this MATCHLESS
BOILER stamps it the Boiler of the age, and enables J. WEEKS & CO. to give
a TEN YEARS' GUARANEEE (subject to the usual conditions) with every
DUPLEX BOILER fixed by them.

5--
6.-

7--
8.-

9--

10.-
II.-

NOTE A DOZEN OF ITS ADVANTAGES!!

-GREAT DURABILITY— ihe average durability is 20 years.

-Being of CAST IRON, it is infinitely more durable than any Wrought-iron Boiler.

-It is MORE POWERFUL and has performed GREATER ACHIEVEMENTS
than any Boiler extant.

-The HOLLOW FURNACE BARS last 11 years longer than the ordinary Solid
Bars, and ADD TWENTY PER CENT. OF POWER.

-All Sediment can be removed.

-Any ordinary labourer can periodically CLEAN OUT THE BOILER, without dis-
placing the settmg.

-Perfect SAFETY is insured.

-A breakdovi'n or failure is almost IMPOSSIBLE.

-In case of repairs to ONE SECTION oi the Boiler, the REMAINING PORTIO.\
can be left in operation.

-The Boiler being in SECTIONS can be passed through a doorway I ft. 6 ins. wide.

-NO NIGHT STOKING REQUIRED. This, in addition to their RELIABILITY,
saves the Gardener a VAST AMOUNT OF TROUBLE AND AN.XIETY.

-Weeks's Upright Tubular is the ONLY BOILER that offers these advantages, which
cannot fail to be of the utmost interest and benefit to the Horticultural World.

PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

HORTIOULTURAL ENGINEEES, KIIfG'S EGAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

No. 37.
No. 63.

IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, wtiich works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Ruildings. Railway Stations, &c.

DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. rC H s;-

No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Wa"tering
No. 49(1. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 543. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in O.ak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
-No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39(5. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose fc.r

G:ir(lcri use.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORK.S, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of tke Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS,

Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON. W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor
Printed by William Richards, at the
the said William Richards, at the Office,

Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood.

dressed to The Editor ; " Advertisements and fiusiness Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 4T. Wellington Street. Covent Garden, I^ndnn. W.C.

On"'J« of Messrs. P-jAnnurtv. Agnrw, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whiiefriars, City o( London, ui the County of Middlesex, and Published by
41. Welimgton Str«et. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satuhdav. September 6, 1884.

Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

c//

JcJJ^

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CfiitaijUsijeti i84i.

No. 559.— Vol. XXII. {s^Es.} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13. 1884.

f Registered at the General ? Price 6d.
I Post-office as a Newspaper. jPosT-FREE, 5jrf.

CONT

ENTS.

pollen 1

Aciphylla sijuarrosa

1?8

Arundel

3'7

Propagator, the ..

Belladonna Lilies

^1«

Protoplasm

Bentham, Mr. G.

^^^

Rainfall

Books, notices of

M^

Rose Society. National .

Bravoa BuUiana

lis

Roy.il Horticultural So-

British Associate on

his

ciety

travels, a

11Q

Rubus Cham^mcrus ..

Bulbs

Russia, hoi ticultural

Crocus vallicola ..

1?«

notes in..

Pahha^, single . .

l»->

Scotland. aTboricuIture in

Edge Hall

33 »

Societies : —

Enville Hall

110

Brighton and Sussex

Florists' flowers . .

Horticultural

Flower Show. Cottagers',

Cr>-ptogamic of Scot-

at Stietford

341

laud

Forestry ..

3H

Crystal Palace Fruit

Fruits under glass

31i

and Dahlia Show ..

Gladiolus, a native

33'

Dundee International

Gooseberries, market

341

Massachusetts Hoiti-

Iron Bank Company

1^.7

cultuial

Nitrates in plants

3^S

Royal Horticultural ..

OJontoglossum Pesca-

St rat ford-on- Avon Hor-

torei

312

ticultural

Oncidia, cool house

132

Spruce Firs, a grove of .

Orchid notes

Tritonia aurea

Peas, early and late

341

Vanda suavis and V.

Plants and their cult

nre

tricolor

„ new garden

3^3

Violets and Wallllowers .

ILLUSTR

ATIONS.

orei

OdoQtoglossum Pesca

336

33S
338
339

13«
3(0

3*3'

3-8

31';
si;

34 =
346

344
338
338

33'
34'

329
337
533
33=

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should

now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

Now Ready, In cloth, I63..

'T^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

-* Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884

W. RICHARDS, 4t. WelliDgton Street, Strand, W.C.

'PHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The SubscriptioD to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent lor America : — C H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S,.\.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

HE ELEVENTH GRAND INTER-
NATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held
at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. S.E., on OCTOBER 8 g, 10,
when upwards of ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS
will be awarded in prizes. Entries close on September 29,
For particulars apply to
P. McKINLAV, Croydon Road Anerley, S.E.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Division I., fiVrE.Vr/OA'S. Division H., MUSIC.
Pairon—HKR Majestv the Queen.
PrfsUfnt—H.K.H. THE Prince op Wales KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Forms, ^vhich will be supplied on aop'ication to the
SECRETARY, International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kensington. S.W. These must be filled up and returned on
or before OCTOBER i, 18S4.

UPHORBIA JACOUINIFLORA, strong

plants, with about six breaks, in ^J^-inch pots, yes. per
I03 For cash only,

TURNER BROS.. Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hill
Nursery. Allerton. Livcpool.

M' LUDDEMANN'S ORCHIDS. — In

• consequence of the death of M. LUddemann, the
whole of his superb collection of Orchids, so widely known to
Orchid Growers. v.iil be SOLD in one lot on SEPTEMBER ii,
1884. at Bourg-Ia-Reire, near Paris at 2 p m.

For particulars apply to Mr. HORD^, Grefher, at Sceaux
(Seine). France.

Dutch aud other Bulbs

CHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consienment is to hand in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Royal Nurseries. Slough.

BULBS for F O R C~"l N^G^
CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, OLA.
DIOLI, Hardy FERNS and ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS in great variety, IRIS, Japanese
MAPLES, LILIES. NARCISSI. ORCHIDS. Filmy
FERNS. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS. Rare MOSSES,
NEW PLANTS. See our LIST No. 71, just issued.
NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk, Colchester.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

W HOWARD, Southgate, N., can supply
• good strong well furnijhed Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worlh crowing, including ihe new
ones of this year also :— .\DIANTUM cuneatum. in 485 and
32's, very good : do. farleyensis. in 48's. CYPERUS alterni-
folius vaiiegatus. DRAC^NA striata, Green, a fine variety for
Conservatory. GARDENIAS in all sizes. STEPHANOTIS
in all sizes. ASPIDISTRA lurida variegata

"OOMAN HYACINTHS.-Fine sample on

J-^ hand, and arriving. Piicc on application.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

TjMGHTY THOUSAND CLeIvIATIS" in

J— i pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the fljwers of which became lo inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) /or ClimbinK and
Beddinp, from 12s. to 241. per doien, strong ptiiJts. Descriptive
LIST on application. JQnk,'*

RICHARD SMITH and CO., NursSHRi and Seed
Merchants, Worcester. ~ ''V

ROBERT^uTd GEORGE^lvlltAinrieg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and .Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and OUNAMESTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and ihnt Ihe present time is
the best to view and select the,^me, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit 1) ^t Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. W.Tt1^1sworth Common, S.W.

Daffodil, Daffodilly, DaffodowndUlles.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than zoo sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON. 17. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

A Bargain.
TNDIARUBBER PLANTS, very strong

J- and healthy, with from 6 to 12 — 15 ftne cuts fit for f,ro,ja-
gating from, jCi6 per 100.

J. VANDER SWAELMEN, The Lily Nursery, Ghent,
Belgium.

New Silver-edged Bedding Geranium,
TV/TADAME SALLERAI. — This splendid

-^'-^ variety only wants to be well known to be generally
grown. For full description see page 21 of my CATALOGUF.
Cuttings, ir. 6iy. per dozen, 4r. per 100, 30J. per rcoo.
W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Esse.v.

FOR SALE, 10 large CAMELLIAS, 6 large
AZALEAS. lo CALANTHE VEITCHII, lo CA-
LANTHE VESTITA, 14 PHAIUS GRANDIFOLIUS. For
price, &c., ap >ly to

S. DANIEL. Gardener, Elsham Hou^e, Grantham.

pRIZE FANCY PANSIES-24 Cuttings,

J- 12 best competition vaiieties, 4s.. including Cathe'ine
Agnes, William Cuthbertson, Archibald Grant (new, 1884).
Dr. Paterson. Beaconsiield. and other new, rare, and good
sorts. 12 Cuttings. 6 splendid varieties of 1884, for 41— a raie
chance, as these were sr. each in spring.

r>L CUTHBERTSON, Flurist. Rothesay.

F" OR IMMEDIATE^LEARANCE, large
quantity of PALMS and DRAC/ENAS. all sizes ;
FICUS, stock ditto; FERNS, various; EUCHARIS
AMAZONICA, and PLANTS vaiious. Several newly con-
structijd modern Houses, latest principle BOILERS. VALVES,
PIPING, &c. Low price would be taken to clear the whole.

Y., Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street.
Strand, W.C.

S^^RAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—
Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 31. dd.
per 100 : our ditto, is. td. per loa ; 5:0 for icj. f>d. Plants in
zJa-inch pots, 125. ^d. per 100 ; in s-inch pots. 251. per 100.
All ihe principal sorts grown, incluc ing British Queen, Dr.
Hope, Jas. Veitch. Keei.b' Seedlir.g, President, Sir C Napier,
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Casile, Vicomtesfe H, de Thury, and
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
A CATTANKO, Commission Salesman,

-i^i- • 44i Hart Street, and New i lower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit a i^ Flower
Salesmen. Covent Garden, W.C, have special facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

EA£Kb.TS. BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

Q Q U E L C H a"nd B A R N H A~M,

^^ Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C,

are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

*^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E L C H In5 B a R N H a M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

Geranium Cuttings
TyANTED, AT ONCE, gooii CUTTINGS

' » of the following varieties :— Henry J3c-)by. West
Brighton Gem, Salmon Vesuvius, Scailet Vesuvius, White
Ve-iivius, Edward Sutton, White Clipper, Bronze Mar^chal
McMahon, Black Douglas, tncolor and variecated leaves ; Mrs.
Pollock, Sir R. Napier. William Sandy, Macbeih, Mr. Bassett,
L3S5 o' Cowrie, Mrs. Glutton. Prince Silver Wings, Freak of
Nature, Happy Thought, Crystal Palace Gem, Flower of
Spring, and other choice varieties. Please state lowest price
per 100 or 1000 to

G. NORTH, Forest Lodge, Winkfield, Windsor.

I To the Trade

\\r M. CROWE begs to offer the following

I * ' •. BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 6o'3. fit for
I shifting into 48's at once :— Jasniinoides, Hunib. corymbiflora,

Alf. Neuner, Dazzler, Queen of Roses, &c., aaj. (id. per 100,
I .£10 per 1000 ; or my selection, in eight to ten sorts, 20J. per
' 100, ^9 per 1000; President Garfield 'new), double pink, 41.
) per doz^n, 28J. per loo. LIST of PALMS, FERNS, &c., on

application. Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.

Established 1860
i T V. REES (late Robert Parker) Haidy

I f' • Herbaceous and Alpine Plait-;, DELPHINIUMS.
, IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXtS. P(>TENTILLJ^S,

P.'EONIES, &c. Sil.ctions ot ico sli.jwy vaiitties from slj.

The finest collection of Aquatics in the country

Kxotic Nursery, Tooting. Sutrey. S W.

FLORIST'S FLOWERS.— I beg to intimate
that my Grand Collection ofPANSIE.S, PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS, ANTIRRHINUMS. DAHLIAS, Single
and Double, are now in fine flower at my Nursery, Beech Hill,
near Edinburgh. Inspection invited.
JOHN DUVVNIE, Nurseryman, 144, Princes St., Edinburgh.

Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jua, Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E,C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUUDENBORG BROS., BuLi! Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current oi Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

T3ULB CATALOGUE, now ready, containing

-L* List of Dutch Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus great variety
of Narcissus, DaflTjdils, and Lilies, &c,, has been Posted to all
our CustomerE ; any one not having received same will oblige us
by letting us know, when anoiher Copy will at once be posted.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Mtichants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

fTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

_LX Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERIEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaslon, Birmingham.

EW YELLOW CARNATION,

"PRIDE of PENSHURST."

A marvellously free bloomer and vigorous grower, perfectly

hardy, forces well.

Plants ready about October, Price 51 3 pair.

Cash with Order. Trade Price on application.

F. BP.IDGER, Penshurst Place. Penshurst.

TNDIAN LILIES.—Flowering Bulbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, li. td. each ; L. Wallichianum, is. td.
and IS. 6d. each; L, polyphyllum. 21. Cid. and 3^. 6d. each.

'ihe usual allowance to the Trade. All Oiders for 251. carriage
paid to Lr ndon. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK. GRIFFITH. Kotagin. Nilgiiis. India.

TREE CARNATIONS, fine bushy plants,
to flower this winter, of Miss Joliffe, A. Ale^'atiere,
Purity, La Belle, and others, 4cs. per 100. BOUVARDIAS,
fine bushy plants, in 48 pots. 20 to 30 shoots, all the best kinds,
^os per 100. — W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kiddetmi'nster.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM, very strong, in

thumbs, 20J. per io-> ; well eMabliihed in 48's. 7^.i. per
100. TEA ROSES, ISABELLA SPRUNT and SAFRANO.
good plants, in 5 inch pots, gs per dczen. All for cash only.
ROBERTS BROS.. East GrinsteaH, Sussex.

"POR SALE, Fan-trained PEACH TREES,

-L in Tubs, owing to want of room — several cf the new Early
Waterloo. Bellegaide, Stirling Castle, &c. ; iize about 8 feet
pach way.

These trees are in splendid condition, and would give a
quantity of fruit next season.

Price, &c. , on application lo
W. H. DIVERS, The Gardens, Ketton Hall. Stamford.

TRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4.?. per

100. Plants, In small pots. i6j, perioo; ditto, in large
pot*, 25J per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large
6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price isi". per
100, free to London. LIST, Trade Terms, &c., on appltcaiion.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond.
Surrey.

LO VEi7s ~ STRAWBERRY ~ RUNNERS
are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties with Prices on application.
*' A Book about Strawbeiries." -td.
W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.

Strawberries (true to name).
(^RANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED

^^ company (Limited) have a large quantity of Runners
and Pot Plants to offer, and will be pleased to send a Priced
LIST on application.

King'E Acre, Hereford.

322

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1SS4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.
IX/TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by

-i-»-L AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as above,
arge consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'Clock, finishing generally about 5 o'CIock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6725 )

FLOWERING ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT,
September 18, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in Flower,
comprising, amongst others, one of the finest plants in the
country of the rare Masdevallia Chelsoni.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(S3le No. 6725)

VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY
NEXT, September 18, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, Grand
Importations of CATTLEYAS and other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Highly Important Sale of Specimen Orchids^

MR. J. C STEVENS has received instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTIO V, at hts Great Rooms, 3S.
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY,
September 25. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS formed by the late T. D.
Cunningham Graham, Esq., Dunlop House. Dunlop. Ayrshire,
and now belonging 10 his late Gardener, Mr. D. Kemp, who
intends to dispo.se of the whole entirely without reserve. The
collection comprise^ amongst other rare and valuable things:

Argrsecum se^quipedale, very

large, 4 feet hi^h
Miltcnia Clowesii majus, 2 feet

across
Vanda Lowii, splendid

healthy plant
Cypiipedium grande, two

strong growths
Cattleya TrianEE Massangeana
Cypripedium seltigerum majus

,, punctatum violaceum
Vanda suavis, Manchester

var.
Zygopetalum Sedeni
Cypripedium albo-purpureum
La;lia anceps Hilli
Vanda Lowii, splendid plant
L£elia anceps Barkerii
Cypripedium marmorophyllum
Laalia purpurata alba
Sobralia zantholeuca, true

Vanda Sanderiana, well-rooted

plant
Cypripedium caudatum, 2 feet

across
Deodrobium filiforme
Ccelogyne Massangeana
Vanda suavis (Veiich's var.)
Masdevallia Harryana splen-

dens
Cypripedium microchilum

„ insigne Maulei

J, euryandrum
Dendrobium densiflorum

„ Guibertii

„ thyrsiflorum Walker-
ianum
Epidendrum prismatocarpum

"Veitch"
Vanda insignis, true
Cymbidium Lowianum. fine

plant of Russel's var.
Also other magnificent specimen VANDAS, a grand plant of
CYPRIPEDIUM DOMINIANUM. with over 30 young
growths; splendid specimen CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA,
over loj Bulbs and 20 young growths; AERIDES. SACCOLA-
EIUMS. C(I:L0GYNES, UDONTOGLOSSUMS, L/ELIAS.
ONCIDIUM3. PHAL/ENOPSIS, CALANTHES, a few
NEPENTHES, &c., all in the grandest possible health.
On view mnrning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. (next door but one to
Bennett's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY and
SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'CIock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.

Great Horticultural Sale Week!

IMPORTANT NOTICE to NURSERYMEN and
FLORISTS.

■jV/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

J-TX beg to call special attention to the following SALES
of HEATHS and other PLANTS, all of which have been
arranged to take place the same week.

Their Sales for this particular week will comprise in the
aggregate nearly Soco lots, and have been arranged in this
manner to enable country buyers to attend them all duiing the
one visit to London.

Offices and Auction Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

MASDEVALLIA HARRYANA-

An Extraordinary Importation.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at the Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past
T2 o'clock precisely, a magnificent COLLECTION of MAS-
DEVALLIA H.^RRYANA. just brought home and offered by
Mr. Maw (the Collector), Out of several thousand plants seen
in flower, only the finest varieties were selected, and every plant
offered has a dried flower to correspond, which will be on view
and at the disposal of the purchaser. It will be seen by these
blooms thai this is the finest lot of Masdevallii Harryana ever
brought before the public, most o( the flowers being of unusual
size and possessing the most striking colours, many of ihe
varieties being quite unique. Large masses will be found
amongst the importation, and all the plants are full of breaks.

On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesdav Next
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS fr^m welllcnown colleciions.
TX/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

-i-'J- will include in their SALK at the Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 6S, Cheapside. E.C, on TUKSDAY N EXT, Stplcmber
16, about 300 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, Irom well-
known collections, amongst which will be found : —
Cattleya Sandei iana, splendid I Odontoglossum odoratum

■specimen sulphureum

,. Wallisi I Calanthe Textori

Odontoglossum bictonense Dendrobium A insworthi

album I ,, - Harveyanum

,, aspersum ' Ljelia anceps Dawsoni

,, Cervantesi decorum | Oncidium Jonesiaimm

,, Coradinei | „ bicolor

and others. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had.

Lee. Kent, S.E..

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE.

To coDimecce punctually at i r o'Cloek, in consequence of the

unusually large number of 1 1.10 lots.

IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

^■^ are instructed by the Executors of the late Mr. B
Mailer to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Burnt
Ash Nursery, Lee, Kent, S.E,, adjoining ths Lee Railway
Station, on TLTESDAY, September i6, at ii o'CIock precisely
10.000 Winter-blooming HEATHS, beautifully grown, and well
set with bloom-buds, and which are unsurpassed in the Trade,
comprising : —

15.0C0 Erica hyemalis
3i<^oo „ gracilis
1,000 ,, caffra
Large quantities of venlri-
cosa, grand inosa, melan-
thera, and others
Thousands of Erica hyema-
lis in small pots, for grow-
ing on
1C03 Epacris
looo Decorative Palms
1030 Greviliea robusta

7000 Solanum capsicaslrum,

well berried
20C0 Adiantum cuneatum, gra-
cillimum, and Pacotti
1000 Cyclamen persicum
icoo Ampelopsis Veilchii
6coo Bouvardias, includirg the
double white and
red Alfred Neuner,
and Presideiit Gar-
field
2003 Genistas

Maie'chal Niel and other dwarf ROSES; 600 PASSION-
FLOWERS. English grown; AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS,
double white PRIMULAS, extra strong; STEPHANOTIb.
HOYAS, GARDENIAS, and other Stock.*

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside.
London, E.C.

N.B._ The Auctioneers desire to call attention to this Annual
Sale. The Stock is in unusually fine condition, as in previous
years, and intending purchasers are invited to inspect it.

Lea Bridge Road Nurseries. Leyton, E.
UNRESERVED SALE.— EXPIRATION of LEASE.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of WINTER FLOWER-
ING HEATHS and other PLANTS, by order of Mr.
John Fraser.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
ate instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Leyton. E., close to Hoe
Street Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY. September 17. at
ri o'clock precisely (in consequence of there being upwards of
iioo lots), without reserve, many thousands of winter-blooming
and other HEATHS, remarkably well grown, including
hyemalis, gracilis, hybrida, candidissima, Parmentiera rosea,
persoluta alba, and others ; EPACRIS of Ihe choicest
kinds, 1500 AZALEA INDICA, 2050 CYCLAMEN PFRSI-
CUM, 1000 GENISTA FRAGRANS, 400 Double White
PRIMULAS, in 40 and 48 pots; Tea-scented and Noisette
ROSES, SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM in berry, several
hundreds of well-grown CAMELLI.\S, well set with bloom •
CLEMATIS INDIVISA LOBATA, and other GREEN-
HOUSE CLIMBERS: 1500 early flowering CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS, aoo Marichal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to
10 feet : a large quantity of fine plants o] AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, a variety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS fine
heahhy young plants of L.APAGERIA ALBA and ROSEA
SUPERB.A, a beautiful lot of about 300 ARAUCARIA
EXCELSA, CLEMATIS JACKMANNI. a splendid lot of
variegated IVIES, and other stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Totteniam, N.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, by order of Mr. John Mailer, to
commence punctually at rr o'CIock, there being upwards of
I2CO lots in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Brunswick Nursery, Tottenham. N,, close to White Hart Lane
Station, Great Eastern Railway, on THURSDAY, Septem-
ber iS, at II o'clock precisely, upwards of 1203 lots of remark-
ably well-grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
mostly in No. 48 and 32-pots, and fit for immediate sale, con-
sisting of 20,000 WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS, beauti-
fully grown and abundantly set with flower, including ERICA
HYEMALIS, GRACILIS CAFFRA, ASSURGENS, WIL-
MOREA, and other best kinds.
Soco remarkably well berried I 4000 Tree Carnations, best

SoJaiiums varieties

1000 handsome Palms | 1000 Epacris

5000 Bouvardias 1 4000 Genistas

1000 Greviliea robusta loco double whits Primulas

5000 well-grown Ferns |

500 Ficus elastica, 1000 Euphorbias, so^ Myrtles, large
Azaleas and Camellias for cutting, 1000 Acacias in variety,
many thousands of small Eneas. Genistas,) and Feins for
growing on, Euonymus ovalus aureus in pot, and many
thousands in stores, Shrubs for potting, and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B. — The whole of the stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for flower.

Sidcup. Kent, S.E.

GREAT TRADE SALE
Of WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS and other PLANTS,
comprising probably one of the largest Stocks ever offered
in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are luslnicted by Messrs. Gregory & Evans to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Longlands Nursery.
Sidcup (about ten minutes' wntk from Pope Road Station, South-
Easlern Railway), on FRIDAY, September iq, at 11 o'CIock
punctually, in consetjuence of there being upwards of 1000 lots,

40,000 WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS,

which are particularlv well grown and beautifully set with

flower, consisting of

4000 Genistas

3000 Solanums, well berried
2000 Adiantums
2000 Cinerarias
1000 Double Primulas
and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogue? h.id on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

N.B. — Messrs. Gregory Zl Evans in announcing this, the first
of their Annual Sales beg to c.ill ths attention of the Trade to
their unrivalled Stock of ERICA HYEMALIS, GRACILIS,
ADIANTUMS, &c., as advertised abuve. the whole being in
unusually fine condition. The Slock will be cITcred in extra
large lots and an inspection is invitedi

15,000 Erica hyemalis

0,000
5,oco
5.000

, gracilis

, persoluta alba

, Cavendishi

5,000

, vcutricosa

Friday Next -Without Reserve.

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. includinK i.oo ODONTO-

GLOSSUM ALfXANDR.E, finest varieties

Important to the T..ide :.nd uher larfie Buyers.

T\/TLSSRS. PROTHEKOE and MORRIS

-f- .aremstructedby .Mr, F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION
at theu- Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London
^'-.•„°", FKI.DAY NhXT, September 19. at half.past

11 o Clock precisely, a large quantity of ORCHIDS, estab-
lished and semi-estabhshed, selected with the view to meet
" 1 rade requirements." None of the plants have Bov^ered, and
varied, new, and supetb varieties may be looked for.
Care has been taken to select species most sought a'ter. This
ts an unusual opportunity for the Trade, as the plants will be
sold without reserve.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Clapham, S W.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTIUN, on the Premises, The Rose
Nursery. 30, High St.eet, Clalhiim. S.W, near the Clapham
Ro.»d Railway Station, on TUESDAY. September =3, at

12 o Clockiprecisely, by order of Mr, G. B. Fischer, the Surplus
Stock of SIOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, the whole
of which are remarkably well grown, and in the best health antl
condition, including .\sp distras. Hoyas, Slephanotis, DracKnas,
Ficus, Gardenias. Camellias, Azaleas, a fine assortment of
Palms and Ferns, two nearly new ; Conical Boilers, &c.

ftlay be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C,

Ealing, W.

ABSOLUTE SALE of the whole of the STOCK in TRADE,

Horses, Vau, and effects, without the Alighlest reserve.

IMPORTANT to the TRADE.

TX/TESSRS. PROTHEROE .and MORRIS

-L>X having sold the Nursery are now instructed to SELL by
AUCTIf.)N on the premises, the Haven Green Nursery,
Ealing, W., about ten minutes' walk from the Ealing Railway
Stations, on WEDNESDAY. Sept. 24. at r2 o'clock precisely,
the whole of the well grown GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including about 20.000 Maidenhair Ecrns in No. 24, 32. 48 ai.d
60 pots ; Bouvardias, icoo Lomaria gibba, 2300 Cyoerus, aooo
Marguerites, 8co Azaleas, 4010 Geraniums, Palms. Pinks,
Carnation, Chrysanthemums, Evergreen and Deciduous
Shrubs, two HORSES, VAN, UTENSILS in TRADE, and
numerous effects.

May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Cata'ogues may
be had on the Premises: of jVIessrs. M. and H. TURNER,
Solicitors, 21. Sackville Street. W. ; and of the Auctioneers
and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C.

i

Brighton.— Preliminary Notice.

By order of the E.\-ecutors of the hte Mr. Thomas Killiclc.
IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nursery. Dyke Rcid. Brighton, on WEDNES-
DAY and THURSDAY, October 8 and 0, the whole of the
remarkably well grown NURSERY STuCK, rj.coo Dwarf
Roses. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOl'lCUL-
TURAL REQUISITES, three HORSES, and the HOUSE-
HOLD FURNITURE and effects.

Further particulars will appear.

N.B. The valu.able FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE
TO BE SOLD. Particulars of the Auctioneers.

Brixton.

Five minutes' walk from Lou,;hborough Junction Station, and

only 2j^ mites from the City or West End.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. E. Dovvlinj; to SELL bv AUC-
EION, on the Premises, the Swiss Nursery, Ancel Road,
Brixton, on THURSDAY. September 25, at 12 o'CIock pre-
cisely, the beneficinl INTEREST in the LEASE ol the NUR-
SERY, comprising Half an Acre of Ground wiih 7 Greenhouses,
held for an unexpired term of neatly Foity Years at a quit-rent
of only \s. per annum. Also the Interest in the Agreement for
Lease of piece of GARDEN GROUND, situate in Alington
Place, wiih 3 Greenhouses. Immediately after the Sale of the
Leases will be offered in suitable lots the while of the GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, large Camellias and Azaleas, Shrubs,
UTENSILS in TRADE, the remaining HOUSEHOLD
FURNITURE, and other items.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

Wimbledon. S.W.— Preliminary Nottce.

GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of unusually well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, in consequence of the expiration of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nuisery. «^-t.j.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. D. S. Thomson to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Wimbledon, on
MONDAY, Ociober 20, and three following days, about
10 Acres of remarkably well-grown Nursery Stock.

Further particulars of which will be Advertised.

M

Flowering OrcUds,- Special Sale.
ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

bes to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in Flower will take place on TUESDAY.
September 30, and they will be glad to receive an intimation
fr.im Gentlemen desirous of including Lots on or before the
20th inst.

Sale 217.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNKESERVED SALE of Ihe
well-known COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, formed by Oscar Lamarche, Esq, of Liiiic
and enjoyin); a reputation probably unequalled on the
Continent.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL ihe above
Collection by AUCTION, at their Ccntrnl Sale Rooms, 67 and
eS, Chc-ipside. !London. E.C. on TUESDAY, October 7. al
half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Many grand things will be
included, amongst others may be mentioned ; —
Vanda Lowi, an unique sped- ; Cattleya Gaskelliana, white

men with thirty-two leaves
Dendrobium Shriuderi

,, Gimberti
Cypripedium Haynaldianum

„ Stonei

., Dominianum
Masdevallia troglodytes
Laclia supcrbiens

Catalogues may now be had on application at 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

variety
,, I'riauic alba
Anguloa Kuckeriana
Ccclogyne Massangeana vcn
Oiicioium tctracnpis
Vand.is iu variety, a grand

lot ^
La:)ia Perrini

SErTEMBER 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHROMC.

%n

Valuable Specimen Orchids.

MESSRS. SMITH and DKWAR beg to
intimate that they are honoured with insttucuoiis to
OFFER by AUCTION, on THURSDAY, September iS. at
12 o'clock, within 79. George Street, Edinburgh, the whole
of the important .ind valuable

COLLECTION of SPECIMEN ORCHIDS,
from Newbattle Abbey Gardens.

The plants are all in splendid health and condition, and
include amongst others several fine specimen VanJas, including
the Dalkeith tricolor and Veitch's suavis, and a line variety of
Vanda cterulea ; grand specimens of Ccctogyne cristata, De'--
drobium fimbriatum, oc\itatuin gicanieuui (magnificent variety),
grand specimen, with over lorty bulb> and twenty new growths ;
also Dendrobiunis densitloruin and Wardiannm. Masdcv;illia
Veitchiana. Lindeni, Harryana, Chimxra (true). Chimxra ll.ick-
housiana. Wallisi, bella, &c. ; alto many fine Odoutoglossums,
Alexandue, Pescatorei. Andersoniana, Sandeiianum, &c. ;
Cypripediums, Cattleyas, L<c!ias, &c.

Catalogues now ready and will be forwarded on application
to Mr. PRIEST, Gaidener, Newbaltle Abbey, or to the
Auctioneers.

Melbourne Nursery, Anerley.

Lately occupied by the (ieneral Horticultural Company.

IVTESSRS. MEAKIN, MAY and MAY will

ItJ sell or LET by AUCTION, at the Mart, Token-
house Yard. E.G., on TUESDAY, September 23. at 2 o'Clock,
the above -valuable FREEHOLD PROPERTY, covering
over 2 Acres, and having Greenhouses and Conservatories (over
20,000 feet of glass), Engine, Furnaces, Manager's House, &c.,
ail in working order. Excellent frontages to main roads.

Particulars, Plans, and Conditions at the Mart, of Messrs.
JESSOPP AND SON, Bedford ; and of the Anclioieers,
HI, Anerley Road, Anerley, S E.

Eccleston Nursery, Prescot.

IMPORTANT SALE of excellent NURSERY STOCK,
HOLLIES. RHODODENDRONS. AUCUBAS. AN-
DROMEDAS, YEWS, LIME TREES, CAMELLIAS,
CONIFER-t;, and other valuable productions, which have
been transplanted within three years.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
are instructed by Mr. John Slead, to SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY. September 24. at 12 o'Clock
prompt, at Eccleston Nursery, Prescot. Lancashire, about
30C0 valuable EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

The whole may be inspected one week prior to Sale, and
Catalogues obtained from Mr. STEAD, or now on application
to the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.

Royal Oak Nursery. Goldsworth, Woking.

Close to Goldsworth Old Nursery. 1 mile from Station of London

snd South- Western Railway.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.-CLEARANCE SALE.

MR. H. W. COPUS is favoured with in-
structions from Mr. Newey, who is giving up Business
in consequence of Expiration of Lease, to SELL by AUCTION,
on WEDNESDAY, October 8, at 12 o'Clock precisely, tlic
whole of the fine grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
ao.oto (6 in. to 2;< ft) Rhododendrons and Stocks, 2000
Aucuba japonica, 5000 Green and Variegated Holly, i to 7 ft.;
Perry's Weeping and Golden Holly, icoo Roses, standard and
half- standard, true to name ; 5000 Ligustrum ovalifolmm, 2 to
4 ft, ; Coloneaster Simonsii. 4000 Spruce Firs, 10, 00 Common
Laurels. 6 in. to 3 ft.; Laurustiuus, io,coo Chestnut. 2 to 5 ft ;
4C00 Yews, 2 to 6 tt-: fine well furnished Green and Variegated
Box, LawsoDiana viridis, 2 to 4 ft., Deutzia gracilis, large
quantity of well grown Specimen and Border Plants, Flowering
Shrubs, Virginian Creepers, Ivies, Gooseberries, Currants, &c.

Catalcgues can be had post-free of the Auctioneer. 16, Friary
Street, Guildford. Surrey, oral the Nursery. Woking, Surrey.

Preliminary Announcement.

WHITTINGTON NURSERIES, near LICHFIELD.

MR. GEO. MARSDEN is instructed by Mr.
Holmes to SELL by AUCTION, at the above Nurseries,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 22 and 23. 1884,
commencing at 10 o'Click each day. a magnificent selection
from this well-known Nursery, comprising several thousands of
Standard APPLES and PEARS, Pyramid PEARS on Quince,
LARCH, OAK, SPRUCE FIRS, &c : EVERGREEN and
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, including Purple Beech. Scarlet
Oak, Aucuba, Bo.v, Holly, Portugal Laurels, Common Laufels
of sorts, Yews, &.C. ; 3 choice asscrtment of CONIFER.E
PLANTS of all sizes: ROSES, Marechal Niel, Gloire de
Dijon, &C-, very fine ; Seedling and Bedded Plants of TREES
and SHRUBS in great variety.

CataJogrues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be had on application at the Nurseries ; or of the
Auctioneer, Wirkswcrth.

Kent.

FOR DISPOSAL, a thoroughly genuine and
very old-established NURSERY and FLORIS'l'S
BUSINESS, part Leasehold and part Freehold, with a good
Market Connection. Terms moderate, and can be arranged.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.

Scotland.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST'S
BUSINESS. The business, successfully carried on for
the last thirty years by Mr. Neil Wilson, at The Vineries, about
3 miles from Rothesay, Bute, consisting of 2^,^ acres of Land,
T-roomed Dwelling House, and about 7000 square feet of Hot-
nouses, in good order, all renewed within the last two years.
The stock includes many thousands of Cyclamens, Arums,
Pelargoniums, and Hydrangeas ; a Camellia-house, 100 feet by
30 feet, and a Marechal Niel hause. Being on high ground,
and absolutely free from fogs, this Nursery is particularly suit-
able for supplying the Glasgow market with flowers and plants
in winter. The Feu Duty is j£i2 loj. Zd. per annum, Mr.
Wilson has retired from business.
Apply to JOHN L. WILSON, 96, High Street, Rothesay.

Worthing, Sussex.

TO BE SOLD, several walled-in
G.ARDENS. varying from Ji Acre to 2 Acres. Well
adapted for Greenhouses.

Apply, R. PIPER, Auctioneer, South Street, Worthing.

TO BE LET, on Lease (with Immediate
Possession), capiul NURSERY GROUND, partly
stocked, with 5 large Glasshouses or Forcing Pits, and Heating
Apparatus to same, with Large Dwelling-House and suitable
Outbuildines, Sheds, &c.; the whole covering about i acre,
situated within about a mile of three Railway Stations and
about 5 miles from London.

For particulars apply to Messrs. LANDER and BEDELLS,
Surveyors, 6, John Street, Bedford Row, W.C.

TO LET, a NURSERY, 4 miles from
Covenl Garden, containing thirteen modern-built Houses
(about 15,000 feet of Glass), well heated : s-ioomed House,
4-slall st.ible, two Van-hcmses, water on premises. Well stocked
with Palms. Druc.xnas. Ficus, &c. Stock optional or suit.^ble
PARTNER would be accepted.

M. R., Gar<ieners' Chronicle Oflice, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

FROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
Tt'KAl., MAICKBTGAKDKNand ESTATE AUCTIONEERS and

Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leylon-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

JTYDEMAN, AUCTIONEER, VALUER, and
• EsTATi*: Aghnt, Wahham Cross, N,, is open to receive
instructions tor HORTICULTURAL SALES and VALUA-
TIONS. Every attention given and moderate charges.

TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Shbkt and Plate Glass, WntTS
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

New Illustrated Catalogue.
JOHN MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery,

^9 Weston-super-Mare, having issued a New Illustrated

CATALOGUE of Terra Cotta V.ises. &c., begs to intimate that

all previous ones are withdrawn from this date — August 25, 1884.

Price List of Garden Pots, &c.. Illustrated Catilogue, li 6rf.

T

Rhododendrons.

SAAC DAVIES and SON in offering the

J- above, beg to slate that their stock of the following is finer
this year than It has ever been, and ihey do not remember a
season when their Plants were so thickly covered with flower-
buds.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, various colours, fine
bushes, 5 to 4 feet, 30J. to 40J. per dtzeu ; 2j-< to 3 feet,
18s, per dozen, £^-j per 100.
,, selected hybrid seedlings, with colour labelled on each

plant, line bushes, 2J4 to 4 feet, 241. to 36J. per dozen.
,, choice named kinds (including many beautiful varieties of
our own raising), fine bushy plants, ij^ to 3J.3 feet, 30J.,
401., to 60J. , per dozen.

*»* Over 90 in every ico of the above well set
with buds.

RHODODENDRONS, mixed hybrid seedlings, in great
variety of colours, atd frrm early and late strains, nice
bushy plants, 15 inches high, %qs, per 100.
, , seedlings from our choicest and newest kinds, each varic ty
kept separate, and can be supplied in a fair proponion
of each, bushy plants, 9 to 12 inches high, 30^. per 100,

Plants suitable for Potting.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, of various colours

I J^ to 2 feet, green, bushy plants, all covered with buds

155. per dozen, £^ per 100.
,, PRECOX, good bushy plants, covered with buds, 12s. to

iS^, per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, from three or four of the best

varieties, distinct light and dark colours, each kept

separate, nice bushes, five to ten buds on each. qs. per

dozei?, s&r. per 100.
-. „ PONTICA, bushy plants, well budded, 6j., 9^. to 12^.,

per doi^en.
,, DAVIESII, beautiful trusses of white sweet-scerted

flowers, best of all for forcing, fine plants, well-budded,

Z4J. to 36J. per dozen.
,, AVALANCHE, pure white sweet-scented flowers, very

compact and bushy growing plant, nice plants, well-
budded, 2f. td. each, 34^. per dozen.
ANDROMEDA FLORIEUNDA, nice bushes, a mass of

flower-buds, 125. per dozen.
PERNETTYA SPECIOSA (our own variety), quite hardy,

berries pink when ripe, well berried plants, 12s. per

dozen.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA. well established (twelve months) in

pats, very green, and thickly covered with berries, large

and well formed plants. 18s to 245. per dozen.
Our CATALOGUE of our own Noveiiies and General Nur-
sery Stock will be ready in the course of a week.

AH goods free on rail, but a small charge will be made for
package. Cash or reference from unknown correspondents.
Ormskirk, Lancashire.

VERGREEN HEDGES.

E

ARBOR VITiE, American, 2 to 3 feet. 6j. perdoz., 30^. per

I03 ; 3 to 4 feet, 8j. per doz., ^os. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, \os.

per doz.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 2 to 3 feet 6j. per doz. , 4M. per

100 ; 3 lo 4 feet, \QS. per dc/., 805. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet,

185. per doz , 1205, per 100.
HOLLIES, Green, 9 to iz inches, 12J. per ico ; iz to 15 inches,

i6i, per ico; 15 to 18 inches, 3^. per doz., 20^. per 100 ;

ij^ to 2 feet, 9s. per doz., 50s. per 100 ; 2 to 2j^ feet. i2j.

per doz , 8aj. per 100 : z%. to 3 feet, 21J. per dcz. ; 3 to 4

feet, 301. per doz.; 4 to 5 feet, 42^. per doz.
THUIA LOEEII, 3to 4 feet, 15s. per doz., loor. per 100 ; 4 to

5 feet, i8j. per doz., 130J. per i03 ; 5 to 6 feet, 245. per doz ,

160J. per 100.
The above are all well grown, have been recently transplanted,
and will remove with safety.

JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cir-
encester.

A R CI S S and D A F F CD I L S.—

A fine Collection of all the leading sorts, including most
of the new and newer varieties.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

N O W D R ^O P S.

For grand new varieties, a great advance on the
old sons,

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

LI L Y O F THE V A L L E Y.
Two new varieties, with much larger bells,
and more vigorous habit.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

s

HUGH LOW AND CO. have (ileasiii-e in
informing their fiiciids and the Public ihiit their slock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Clapton Nursery and Husli Hill Park Nursery, Enlield, is this
season unusually extensive and fine in (|iiality, and well worth the
notice of intenduig purchasers, who are very cordially invited to
an inspection of the plants. Amongst ulher things are ofTered : —
Many thousands of ERICA H\'EMAL] S, of various slices.
Many thousands of ERICA MELANTIIERA.
Many thous.ands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various si7es.
M.any thousands of ERICA VENTKICOSA COCCINEA

MINOR, and other choice varieties of venliicosa.
Many thousands of ERICAS of the best v.arieties, including

candidissima, colorans, cerinthoides coionata in lljivcr,

caffra, Cavendishi, barbata major, giaiidinosa, per..pn.u i

nana, persoluta alba, assuigeiis. mamniosa, &c.
Many tliousands of HARD-WOODED ERICAS, in numerous

tine varieties, a large iiuniber of which arc e.\tra sized.
Many thousands of CYCLAMENS.

M.any thousands of GARDENIAS, intermedia and radicans.
Many thousands of GENISTAS.
Many thousands of EPACRIS.
Manjt thousands of AZALEA INDICA in vatiety,of various

sizes.
Manj^ th.iusands of AZALEA INDICA. Fielder's White, nar-

cissiflora, and other white-tlowering varieties.
Man); thousands of CAMELLIAS, with llower-bvids, various

Many thousands of GREVII.LEA ROBUSTA.

Many thousands of SOLANUMS, well beiried.

Many thousands of P.OUVARDIAS. Red, White, and PinV.

Many thousands of LATANIA BORIiONlCA. various sizes.

Many thousands of PlYCHOSPERM A ALEXANDR/E.

M.any thousands of CORYPHA AUSTRALIS.

Many thousands of DRAC/1'^NAS, in variety.

Many thousands of EUCHARIS CANDIDA and SANDER-

lANA.
Many thousands of CLIMBERS. Stove and Greenhouse.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS.
Many thousands of ROSES, in pots, Mariichal Niel, Gloire de

Dijon, &c.
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such

as Aphelexis, Acacias in variety, Acacia armata, Boroni.is,

Chorozemas, Correas, Daphnes, Enostemons, Genelyllis,

Grevilleas in variety. Leschenaultias. Ttemandras, Pime-

leas, double white Chinese Primulas, &c.
Many thousands of VINES. Fruiting and Planting Canes.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering

CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be offered by the loo

in bud.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS in variety, including

Princess Royal and Prince iS Alexandra, which can be ofTerea

by the loo.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show, French

and Decorative varieties.
Also on hand a very large stock of ORNAMENTAL

FOLIAGE and DECORATIVE PLANTS, PALMS,

FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIA VEITCHII.and others.

CROTONS, PANDANUS, Sc. Suitable for Table

Decoration.
OTAHEITE ORANGES, in fruit; LAURUSTINUS, on

stems, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMPELOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Cissus slriatus), and

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, PAMPAS-GRASS in

quantity.
FERNS in immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can

be supplied by the hundred, such as Adiantum cuneatum,

Adiantum decorum. Adiantum gracillimum.Lomaria gibba.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

L A N T S fo^ EARLY
FORCING.
RHODODENDRONS, grown in the natural loam of our
Stoke nurseries, well set with flower-buds, ;o^. per doz;n.
„ large bushes, well set with flower-buds, 421. and 6oj.
per dozen.
AZALEAS, Ghent, and other varieties, well set with flower-
buds, i8j. and 305. per dozen.
,, large Ponlicums, for cut blooms, 301. per doz?n.
., Mollis, well set with llower-buds, 185. and 30s. per dozen,
,, Amoena, fine large clumps, good shape, i8j. and 30J,
per doztn.
SPIR^A JAPONICA. fine clumps, \2S. and 1S5. per dczen.
CATALOGUES on application
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol.

ANEMONES.
A. FULGENS, A. FULGENS MULTIPETALA.
Fine bulbs of these varieties. True English-grown.
A French mixed single and double, grand strain ; habit
vigorous and very brilliant colours, and all kinds of Bulbs.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Stieet, Strand, W.C.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.—
Early white blooming. Very sweet scented. One of the
most useiul Bulbs that can be grown.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

GLADIOLUS COLVILLII ALBA,
"THE BRIDE."
30,000 of this useful white variety, useful for forcing or
open ground.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKI>^S AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

THE NEW YELLOW ROSE,
HYBRID PERPETUAL,

GLOIRE LYONAISE.— This extraordinary variety is the
finest Rose ever sent out in the Trade. It has been obtained by
artificial hybridisation of the Rose Mme. Falcot with Earonne de
Rothschild. This variety will be a fioe one for Market purposes.
The Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscription at, per
I Plant, T5S. ; 6 Plants, ^4 ; i dozen Plants, ^7.

20CO Plants are for disposal, but as already many orders are
subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to
do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon run
out. Dirtct orders to

L. PAILLET, Horticulturist and Nurseryman,
Cliatenay, Seine, France -Established 1827.

M. L. Paillht takes the opportunity of this Advertisement to
offer, at a very low price, more than 70.000 ROSES of every
description^Standards, Half-standards, low budded on Manetii
and Brier roots. B'Ine splendid lot of ROSES on own roots,
i-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted. More than so.coo MALMAISON
and other good leading sorts are for sale. Also an immense lot of
MANETTI STOCKS, LA GRIFFERAYE, and BRIERS,
i-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted, are offered for sale. Price will be
sent on applicatioiL

CATALOGUE, printed in English, also sent on applicatitn

324

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

;The Only Gold Medal]

OF THIS YEAR

HAS BEEN AWARDED

TO

B. S. WILLIAMS

FOR

COLLECTION OF BULBS.

Extract from the "Standard." March 26, 1884:—

^' But the gi'eat feature of the Skow ztj'ts the disf'lay 0/
Aovjers furnished bv Mr. B. S. Williams, of Upper Hollowny,
which /« SIX tiers occupied a hundred feet, or half the length
of the wliole couserjiatory, and for which he took the
Society's Gold Medal. Here were the ^audy Tulip, spikft
almost inumerable of Hyaf^inths, that loaded tlu nir with their
perfume. Azaleas of every hue kiunvn to tluit beautiful family ,
unpretending but pretty Cyclaviens, and. aboj'e and beyond all,
Freat clusters of Lily of the Valley, hinging their modeit
heads, and breathing a delicious fragrance.'*

The Bulbs of this season are very fine. Eaily
Orders are respectfully solicited for :-

HYACINTHS, Early Roman.

„ Named, for Pots and Glasses.

„ for Beds and Borders.
TULIPS, Single and Double.
NARCISSUS, Garden.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.
CROCUS.
RANUNCULUS.
ANEMONES, Single and Double.
SNOWDRUPS.
IRIS.
FREESIAS.

Please write for GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE,
which will he forwarded free on application.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

& VERY SUPERIOR STOCK

P'EMBRACItlG .\t c t

% '- - - -^-^

-IN MOST CASES-

FREE BY POST OR RAIL

PRICE CATftLOCliE POST FREE

James Dmson&Sons

"NEWTOrNURSERlTSViJccTCD
lOSEASTCATES! jMiiM

Lalng's
Koman
Hya-
cinths.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

XI for IS. xjd. ; 6 for ii. 6</., fine bulbs of Early

White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., also free by post.

Bulb Merchants Forest Hill, S.E.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS,
at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN.

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

IMPROVED MUSHROOM

SPAWN, per bushel of s. d.
fourteen cakes . . -.60

The best in the market: never fails.

Victoria & Paradise Nurseries,

Upper HoUoway, London, N.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS,

of whom alone tlie various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on aj'plication.

M

ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS'

GREAT SALE OF ERICAS
will take place on FRIDAY, September 19,
when the following first-class goods will be ofTered by
MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS :-
15,000 HYEMALIS.
10,000 GRACILIS.
5,000 PERSOLUTA ALBA.
5,000 MELANTHERA.
5,000 CAVENDISHII.
5,000 VENTRICOSA.
4,000 GENISTA.
3,000 SOLANUM.
2,000 ADIANTUM.
1,000 Double PRIMULA,
2,000 CINERARIAS.

CATALOGUES will shortly be is-ued.
15,000 HYEMALIS, in 60-pots.
6,000 GRACILIS, in 60-pots.
6,000 VKNTRICOSA COCCINEA, in 6o-pols.
6,000 VENTRICOSA MAGNIFICA, in 60-pots.
6,000 CAVENDISHII, in 60-pots.
12,000 GENISTA, in 60-pots.

Longlands Nursery, Sidcup.

R EE S fTT AUTUMN

PLANTING.
FOX and GAME COVERT PLANTS.
SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES.
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.
RHODODENDRONS and Ghent AZALEAS, well set with

flower-buds.
APPLE TREES, Standard, 24J. per dozen, £7 loj. per 100.
Priced LIST.S of each on application to
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol.

DAFFODIL, or GARDEN NARCISSUS.—
Our Collection of these charming and fashionable flowers
includes all the finest sorts in cultivation at moderate prices.

S^ Awarded a Banksian Medal for our exhibits of Narcissus
1883 and 1884, by the Royal Horticultural Society. '" A fine
display wa'^ mad** bv MesTs ("ollins & Co. with various kinds
o\the finest Daffodils." — The Garden, March 29, 1884.

Special quotations for large quantities to naturalise.
CATALOGUE of above and other Bulbs, with over 100
illustrations.

COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL, Bulb Growers and
Importers, 3q, Waterloo Road. London, S.E.

LUium Harrisl (the Bermuda Easter Lily).

HOOPER AND CO. have now ready
10,000 fine Bulbs of this magnificent Lily. Destined
to eclipse in usefulness and popularity every other Lily. It is
by far the best of all Lilies tor winter blooming, and is one of
the most profitable flowers that can be grown. It may be had
in bloom from early in December until April in the ordinary
way, and by special culture flowers may be produced all the
year round This is no romance— it is a proven fact. L.
Harris! blooms with a freedom that is perfectly astonishing,
and wilt even produce a second crop of flowers from the same
bulb. One bulb produced last year 145 flowers on a single stem ;
of course this was an exception, but it illustrates its wonder-
ful prolific character. Purest white, splendid form, tong-'asting,
and easily cultivated, this is indeed a plant to be desired by all.
Prices of Bulbs— Small, li. each. loi. td per dozen ; larger,
\s. 6d. each, 15^. per dozen ; extra, -zs. 6d. each, 241. per dozen.
Prices to the Trade on application.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden. London. W.C.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOR ATJXUMN AND WINTER.

STRONG, HEALTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS, iSi'. to 3CJ. per dozen.

AZALEA INDICA, l%s. \ot.s. per dozen.

EOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, \Zs. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, ^QS. to 601. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Smith's superb strain), full of

buds, 5-inch pots. i8j. per dozen.
CYTISUS, I3J. to i8j. per dozen.
EPACklS, best sorts, 185. to 30-. per dozen.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS, WILMOKEANA, CAFFRA,

GRACILIS. AUrUMNALlS, &c., 6-iuch pots, 181. to
GARDENIAS, i8.r. to 30J. per doz;n. [yjs. per do/en.

LAPAGERIA ALBA, yj. td. to 42.V. eaqh.
LAPAGKRIA ROSEA, qs. 6./. each.
LIBONIA PENRHOSIANA, i2j. to i8f. p« r dtzen.
PIMELEAS, very fine, 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 30J. to 425. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purple, i8j. per dozen.
TREE CARNAl IONS, 5-inch pots, i\s. to 30J. per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, 5-inch pots, 11s. to i8j. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIR, &c.. in great vaiicty ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

Descriptive List Free.

Selections from above niay be made at Dozen Prices,
The Plants are remarkably fine and cheap.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER,

To Nurserymen or Merchants requiring Boses

for Exportation or Home Sates.

THE ADVERTISER begs to offer a choice
and unique collection of ROSES, comprising :—
I030 STANDARD Tea-scented, in 30 best varieties.
1000 STANDARD Hybrid Perpetual?, in 30 best varieties.
250 STANDARD Mar^chal Niet.

7000 DWARF Hybrid Perpetuals. in 50 choicest varieties.
2000 DWARF Teas and Hybrid Teas, on Seedling Brier.
1500 DWARF Mar^chal Niel, on Seedling Brier.
Ihe Plants are all in fine condition, and examples of superior
cultivation. A LIST of sorts with Price and Terms for the pur-
chase of the collection on application.

ROSARIAN, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Novelty ! ! 1

CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA ROBUSTA
— Among a great many seedlings of Cupressus Law-
soniana of 1874, I have discovered one, quite distinct from the
others by its rapid growth and robust form. There already
being so many varieties of Cupressus Lawsoniana, I would not
propagate it, only after the severe winters of 1879 and iSSo, in
which so many varieties of Cupressus were injured by frost, and
the said variety did not suffer at all, I decided upon propa-
gating it. Contferte culture being one of the chief cultures of
my establishment, in which, during many years, the leading
varieties of Cupressus are represented, I was able to carefully
compare the said variety with the already existing ones, and
can now cffer it to the Trade as a true acqui-iiion. As the
name designates, this Cupressus is robust ; in growth it mostly
resembles the well known Cupressus Lawsoni erecta viridis
(Walerer), whilst its colour is dark green, instead of being light
green as in the latter variety.

Ti

Novelty I I !
IHYMUS LANUGINOSUS fol. argenteo

J- var. — In 1878 a beautifully variegated Thymus lanugi-
nosus was found in my nursery. As it suffers neither from
frost nor sunshine it can bs fully recommended as a most
valuable plant for rockwork. For prices apply to

A. M. C. JONGKINDTCONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries,
Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands.

ARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. — Fine

Seedlings from a splendid collection of choice named
flowers. Per dozen, is. 6d.; per 100, lor, 6d. Extra strong,
per dozen. 2s. 6d.; per 100, 17J. 6d. Carriage free

DANIELS BROS.. Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.

CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, is. 6d. per do7en, post-free. Extra strot g
plants, ss. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully illustratea
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots, free on application.
DANIELS BROS.,BoyalNorfolkSeedEstabIishment,Norwich.

THE N EW RASPB ERRY,

LOBD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
Strong Canes, 15J. per dozen, £s $s. per 100.
A. FAULKNOR,
INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

SPECIAL TRADE NOTICE.

AUTUMN & WINTER FLOWERING

AND OTHER PLANTS.

Wl. CUTBUSH & SOI

(LIMITED),

DRAW THE ATTENTION OF TRADE BUYERS
TO THEIR FINE STOCK OF ABOVE.

T/te following is a portion only of the Stock : —
ACACIA, of sorts.
APHELEXIS, of sorts.
AZALEAS, of sorts.
BOUVARDIAS, of sorts.
CAMELLIAS.
CYCLAMEN.
DRACAENAS.
ERICA HYEMALIS, exceedingly good.

„ GRACILIS, nearly in bloom.
FICUS ELASTICUS.
PRIMULA, Double.
SOLANUM, very fine.
FERNS, PALMS, &c., in l.irge quantities.

For further particulars see TRADE CATA-
LOGUE, post-free on application.

To our friends who intend to visit us we
advise them to come to Highgate first, and
thence an easy drive to Finchly and Barnet.

A post card sent the previous day to High-
gate would ensure one of the firm being at home.

HIGHGATE NURSERIES, LONDON, N.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

325

NAPLES

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, SEED GROWER,
AND MERCHANT,

SPECIALITY OF

CAULIFLOWER,

VEITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT.

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS.

All Varieties.

VENCBSLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, N.^PLES.

B U JL

Illustrated Priced CATALOGUE of Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, containing the
best of everything and low in price, may be
had Post-free on application to

WM. PAUL & SON,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,
WALTHAM CROSS.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 25^., free on to the following
rails :— Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Nonh-Wcstern, and Midland, other lines joj., in sacks \s \
30 sacks ^i 5^. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., "Grevhound"
Yard, and 15}, High Street. Battersea, S.W. Established iS?*.

FRIDAY NEXT.— WITHOUT RESERVE.

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS

1000

INCLUDING

ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E

(FINEST VARIETIES).

IMPORTANT to the TRADE arid OTHER LARGE BUYERS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed
by Mr. F. SANDER to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 19, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, a large quantity of

ORCHIDS— Established and Semi-established,

SELECTED WITH THE VIEW TO MEET TRADE REQUIREMENTS.

None of the plants have flowered, and varied new and superb varieties may be looked for.
Care has been taken to select species most sought after. This is an unusual opportunity for the
Trade, as the plants will be sold without reserve.

On view inortiing of Sale, and Catalogues had.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GREENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS post-free on application.

FOSTER & PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS.

u
S

•<

t

o

a

o

2!

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBKE REFUSE,

4(/. per bushel j loo for 25J. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. td. per sack;
5 sacks, 351. ; sacks, a,d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 51, per sack, s sacks ait. ; sacks,
4^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. grf. per bushel; isr. per half
ton, if)S. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, ^d, each.

YELLOW KIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij, per ba>he],

SPHAGNUM MO.SS, Sj. 6,/ per sack

MANUKKS, GARDKN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CI.OrH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WritetorFree
Price LIST -H. G SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street.
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

ORCHID PEAT,PURE BRACKEN FIBRE
(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr. EPPS informs his Friends that he is now enabled to
execute all orders tor this article most satisfactorily.
Dep6t— Ringwood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTEITpEAT.— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, 31. 6rf. per sack : thirty, is qd. \ twenty,
31. 6</. ; ten, 4s. ; five, 45. 6rf. Sacks 6rf, each.

Excellent PEAT for Khododendions and common purposes,
565. per truck, 141, per ton. Sample sack is. td.

LOAM, SAND. CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM, &c.
See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardeus. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. ^d. per
sack : 10 for izj., 15 for \js , 30 for 30J. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33s. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 5*. per
sack ; 5 for a2j. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, ^s. td. per sack ; 5 for
20J. ; sacks 4(i. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is 6d. per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peal-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, fs. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
Sd. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb.. aSib. 71S. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, South w ark Street, London, S.E.. lata
19. New Broad Street, E.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants, &c., ;C6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FI BROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15J.
per ton per Truck, Sample Bag, 55. ; 5 Bags, 32s. 6d. • 10 Bags,
451. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52^. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Fainborough Sution, Hants.

COCOA- NU T fTb"r E REFUSE,
best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, IS. per Bag ; 15 Bags, 14J, ; 30 bags. 251., sent to all
parts ; Truckload, 2$s., free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT.
A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe. London, E.C.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is. and 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, H cwt., 8s. :
1 cwt., 13s.

MANUFACTURED BV

W.H.Beeson,Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield,

Wbolesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd.,

i8, Finsbury Street, E.C, and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ,

Circulars, with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,

GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble iaWater)
Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Hoots
or Foliafre of Trees and Plaits. Kills all Vegetable (jnibs,
Tiimip Fly, &c. Cures MUdew and Blight. Clears Grapes
from Mealy Bug, &c.. and makes a good Winter Dre.ssing.
Of all Seedsmen and aiemists, 1'6, 2/6, 4'6 a bottle. Per pal-
Ion 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on ^*Fir Tree
Oil.^^ and its applicatwn. sent free on receipt of address, htt the
Maaufaetnrer, E. GRIFFITHS HXTGHES, MANCHESTER,
wholesale from Hooper & Co, ; Conitv, Soper, Fowler and
Co.; C. B. OsMAN i: r,, , and from all the London .Seed
Merchants and Wlinle.^ ile I'alt-nt Medicine Houses.

FIR TREE OIL

Weeds Eradicated from Lawns.

WATSON'S LAWN SAND (the original
Lawn Sand) destroys both Daisies. Plantains. Rib-
grass, &c , and invigorates the Gra^s- Testimonials and
instructions on appticaiion. 36J per cwt. ; 28 lb titis, loj. ;
56 lb. kegs, iQJ. each ; sample tins, 5?.. 2J. 6*/. and is,
W. D. BARBOUR, 3, Park Row, Leeds.

326

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

CHOICE FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS

BY PLANTING NOW.

doz 1:0

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS . . 23 6d. 18s. 6d.

PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS .. Is 9d. 12s. Od.
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS . . 23. Od. 143. Od.
DUO VAN THOL TULIPS, Single Is Od. 73. 6d.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra .. each dozen
Strong clumps 1'6&2M5-S;21-

Special low quotations for Bulbs for Outdoor
Planting and Spring Bedding.

New Illustrated Catah\^uc post-free.

GEO. COOLING & SON,

SEED MERCHANTS AND NURSERYMEN.
BATH.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,

per dozen i2j. Producing fiae decorative plants.

Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels

Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

C-^llectioniof I dozen, named, our Selection : —
Sirgles, A 4 • 1- 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P Q /-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

Collecti ns unnamed, our Selection :—
Singles, G 21/-, H 18/-. J 18/-, K 12/-. Lg/- per doz.
Doubles. W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen,
iiingles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30/-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERED 1)Y

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

FINEST QUALITY. LOWEST

PRICES.

Per doz. Per 100

HYACINTHS, White Roman

2 0

15 0

,, White Italian, slrongergrowlh, aweelt

later

2 0

15 0

,, Blue Roman, pretty colour . .

I 6

10 6

, Duuble, pale rose Italian— ihis forces

white: a lovely variety ..

2 0

15 0

,, , defp ro'^e Italian, chatmine

2 6

iS 0

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, with yellow

intermixed ..

2 0

12 6

,, Paper- White, pure white, lovely

1 9

10 6

, Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup. new

?. 6

25 0

„ (Corbularia) citrina, pale lemon, 3

lovely frilled cup

7 0

55 0

JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

I 0

6 6

,, „ ,. ., double

TULIPS, Due van Thol, red and yellow . .

I 0

6 6

,, ,, ,, ., plain scarlet

1 0

5 6

LILIUM HARRISI, white trumpet, the

grandest of all

15 0

100 0

CANDIDUM.the White Lily

S 6

21 0

TUBEROSES. Double White African,

splendid ..

6 0

45 0

A U ready for inwiediate delivcrv. is. ivorth and upwards

Carriage I'r^c

HOOPER'S BULB CATALOGUE, illustrated in

colours, &c. , will be ready shortly. 1 he bulbs are splendid,

the prices extremely low.

a^

rOECIIG BULBS.

Plant at once to ensure wHlte flowers at Christmas

CARTERS' White Roman HYACINTHS.

The best in the Market.
12 fine Bulbi, is. dd, \ 24, 5^. ; 50, gJ. fid. ; 100, i8j. f>d

CARTERS' Paper-White NARCISSUS.—

12 fine Bull)5, 2r. ; 24, 4^. ; 50, 6j. dd. ; 100, i2j. td.

CARTERS' Extra Large SNOWDROPS.—

50 fine bulbs, 2j. ; loo, 3^. iid. \ 500, i6j. : 1000, 30J.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS, ROSES, and PLANTS, gratis
and post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Command to H.B.H. the
Prince of Wales,

2!!, High Holborn, London, W.C.

DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Irish and other Daffodils may be
had on application. Some very rare forms are offered fo^ the
first time, and over loo varieties to select from. Please
enclose 6a. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
unique. WILLIAM BAYLOE HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., " Old Established " Warehouse,
24, Patrick Street, Cork,

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular familie?. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies Will he Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cultivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price la.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hmts on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

mi

yl//.lt*i'.CVIL

d ii>-^p^

OUR CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

One of our houses is now exceedingly bright and interesting
with all the best early flowerine varieties in cultivation. Where
flowers are required during this month, they are invaluable.
For Price and lull particulars, send for the best BOOK on the
whole family ever published. Post-free.

Plants^ ^s. per doz.; Cnttin^^s^ is.^tf. per doa.

FLOWERS FOR WINTER.

We beg to .innounce that wc sh.ill be pleased to send our
AUTUMN CATALOGUE Post-free on application. It will be
found to contain by far the best varieiies, and the most practical
ever published. It should be distinctly understood that wc do
nothing, but grow and supply flowers, therefore it can be readily
understood where a firm devotes all their time and energy, and
determination to grow and supply the best, how much belter
Customers can be served than when the attention is divided
with a multifarious trade. All we olTer will be sure to give the
utmost satisfaction, lei^s disappointment to all gardeners, and to
floral culture a higher charm than hitherto.

H. CANNELL. & SONS,

T#&+tom^'-^.^-PL(JW£R

yy EBBS' early

FORCING BULBS

WEBB a SONS deliver all Vegetable
Seeds, Flower Seeds and Bulbs Free by
Post and Rail.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

Early White
Finest named

IS. 6d. per dozen, post-free.
i8s. per 100, delivered free.
ds. to izr. per dozen, post-free.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.

Double Roman 3^/. each, post-free.

>. II . . . . . . 2J. per dozen, poit-free.

Paper White 3*^. each, post-free-

n ,1 .. .. .. 3s. per dozen, post-free.

EARLY SNOWDROPS.

Double (separate) .
Single (separate)

.. ) 21. 6d. per 100; 3is. per icoo.
. . i Delivered free.

oiugic \aeparaie^ . . . . ( jjeuverea iree.

Extra large (double or single ) , ,

--separate) . ( 3^- 6d per loa; 30s. per 1000.

EARLY TULIPS.

Single, Due Van Thol, scarlet &gold, u. per doz.; -^s. per 100.
Double „ scarlet and yellow, gd. per do^en.

'+• Any other varieties or colours can be supplied.

For Full Particulars see

Webbs' Bulb Catalogue,

A'oiL' Ready, Gratis and Post free.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT, ROOZEN & SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

Of Chofce Harov Flowhr-Roots for Indoor and Spring
Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under : —

COLLECTION "F," FOR SPRING GARDENING,
CONTAINING goo BULBS.

403 Crocus, in 4 distinct colours
50 Ranunculus, double
36 Gladiolus
50 Snowdrops (single)
?5 Spanish Iris
25 Triteleia uniflora
25 Scilla hyacinihoidct *

4 Lilium umbcllalum

36 Hyacinths, distinct colours

50 Tulips, single early

50 Tulips, double

25 Tulips, single late

ao Narcissus, Polyanthus

30 Narcissus, inc 'mparable

24 Narcissus, Poeticus

SO Anemones, double

COLLECTION "C." FOR INDOOR.
CONTAINING 277 Choice BULBSfor POTS and GLASSES
Narcissus, double and single-

Hyacinth?;. 18 in 18 splendid
named varieties
3 Roman Hyacinths

Tulips, single early —

13 in 4 fine named v.irieties
6 Due van Thol, red & yellow
6 „ ,, scarlet

Tulips, double early —

6 La Caiideur, puie white
6 Rex Rubrorum,fiDe ciiiiison
6 Tournesol

Crocus —

100 in 10 fine named varieties

Narcissus. Polyanthus —
13 in 4 finest named varieties

3 in 4 named varieties
Jonquils —

6 Double, sweet-scented
6 Single, „ „

12 Scilla sibirica (prxcox)

13 Choice Ixias

12 „ Sp.ira.vis
12 „ Oxalis
12 Grape Hyacinths (H.
botryoides)

6 Eranthis hyemalis

6 Snowdrops

6 Iris Pavonia

lIAl.r OF ItlTHER 01' TllK AIiO\E FOR lOS. Of.

The above Packages may be iiad from our Ager.ts, Messrs.
MEKTENS andCO.,3, CrossLane.St. Mary-at-IIill, London,
E.C., on receipt of cheque or Posl-oflice Order.

For particulars of our oihct Collections of bulbs fcr INDOOR
and SPRING GARDEN ING, sec cur complete and revived
Cat.itogue for 1884, which will be s'*nt, post-free, on application
to our Agents, or ourselves direct.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, Ovcrvccn, near
Haarlem, Holland.

September 13, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

327

BULB SEASON.

HYACINTH, CROCUS, and SPECIMEN
GLASSES of the newest and most improved
designs, in great variety.

The Trade supplied on the most moderate
terms.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., London.

DRIED FLOWERS & GRASSES.

A very large Stock of this Season's Conti-
nental and our own growth, never surpassed
for quality.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London,
WREATHS and CROSSES.

Every Description and Design in DRIED
FLOWERS, METAL, PORCELAIN, and
IMMORTELLES. Cases for same in great
variety.

An inspection particularly solicited.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.

FRENCH SECATEURS, ImprovedSprings,
made by the successors of Aubert. Also
FRENCH PRUNING and LOPPING
SHEARS, AVERRUNCATORS.

Special Prices quoted to the Trade by the
Importers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.

ELCOME'S PATENT FUMIGATOR.— A
great improvement on any yet introduced ;
raoidly emits the smoke without requiring live
coals, and will consume dry paper without fear
of flaming. Prices : —

No. I. No. 2. No. •^.
Japanned Iron . . 5s. 103. lOs. 6d- .each.
Galvanised.. .. 63. lis. 17s. 6d. ,,
Also adaptable for Burning Charcoal for
Heating Purposes.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO,, London.
MUSHROOM SPAWN.

The most reliable in the Market — the most
satisfactory reports continually arriving.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),

Offlce and Show Rooms. 18, FINSBURY STREET, E.C.,

and Manuraotory,

SH&.D THAMES, LONDON, S.E.,

H^ticitltural Sundries Merchants and Manufacturers,

The Trade only supplied, on the most liberal
terms. CATALOGUES sent on the applica-
tion being accompanied by a Trade Card. An
inspection of our Autumn and Winter Stock
respectfully solicited.

BEAUTIFUL

ELOWEES

AT CHRISTMAS

May be secured by planting

SUTTONS

FORCING BULBS

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS

Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,

IN'CLUDING

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
&c., &c., at

42s , 31s. 6d,, 21s. and lOs. 6d.

each.

ROMAN HYACINTHS

(FOR FORCIXC).

EARLY NARCISSUS

(FOR FORCIXC).

SUTTONS' HYACINTHS

(FOR FORCING).

EARLY TU LI PS, Single k Double

(FOR FORCI.VG).

For Prices and full particulars of

SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS

SUTTONS'

AUTUMN CATALOGUE,

Gratis and Post-free on application.

ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE

(it of 203. value).

THE QUEEN'.S SEEDSMEN,

and by Sped.-*! Warrant to

ILR.H. THE PRIN'CE OF WALES,

BEADING.

THE

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1884.

ARUNDEL.

IF we suppose a traveller on liis way to Nor-
mandy to fall asleep on the way, and to wake
suddenly in the neighbourhood of Arundel, he
might for the moment think that lie had safely
encountered the horrors of sea-sickness, and
was traversing the fair land of Normandy. The
wood-clad heights, the green meadows, the
devious stream, the occasional outcrops of
glaring chalk, all might assist the illusion — an
illusion which the imposing Castle and the very
French-looking Cathedral, erected by the piety
of the Duke of Norfolk, would very materially
strengthen. And yet this fair picture may
be seen in our own county of Sussex,
within a two hours' ride of the metro-
polis. The grounds of this noble demesne
are marked by swelling downs, verdant
undulations, and dense woods. The gardens
have long been well known for the skill with
which their manager, Mr. Wi'son, contrives to
satisfy the very large demands made upon him.
Flowers also are required in prodigious quan-
tities for church decoration and for domestic
purposes. Nor, in such a climate, with plenty
cfwater,withexcellentappliances, and withaman
of so much experience and skill in command,
does the task appear a difficult one. We have
no intention of attempting a description of this
fine establishment, which, indeed, has already
been described in our columns ; but in a place
like this there is always something of interest
to be seen, and changes and alterations are
constantly taking place.

The flower garden, of which we give an illus-
tration (fig. 64, p. 337), is enclosed within the
flint walls of the Castle, and is overtopped by the
ruins of the old Keep. For the most part it is
level, but at one end there are a series of terraces
which greatly add to the imposing effect of the
garden. Its plan and arrangement will be seen
from the illustration, at present its tenants consist
mainly of herbaceous plants, for " bedding
stuff," once held in esteem here, and which was
certainly a relief to the stern, grim, architectural
features of the place, has given way to
herbaceous plants, especially for such as supply
flowers for cutting. These in their turn are to
give place to a tennis lawn. Whatever fate be
in store for this enclosure, let us hope the
magnificent standard Portugal Laurels, among
the finest that we have seen anywhere, may be
spared. An annual trimming serves tokeepthese
giants in condition and to render them excellent
substitutes for Orange trees. If it be objected
that such trees are formal and artificial, it
may be remarked in reply that they are in
harmony with the surroundings and serve to
form the intermediate link between the rigid
formalism of the surrounding buildings, many
of which, from the restorations and additions
going forward, have a painfully new look, and
the freer, looser vegetation of the herbaceous
plants and the crumbling Ivy-clad ruins of the
Keep. How mild the climate is is shown
by the existence against a wall of a tall Myrtle,
in full bloom when we saw it, and which was

328

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

aised from a spray contained in the bouquet of
the then Duchess in 1814. Not far off a
standard Eriobotrya (Loquat) affords similar
testimony to the climate, which, however, is not
hot enough to allow the tree to produce fruit.

Among the many changes and alterations in
progress, we may mention the erection of a
huge Palm-house. This is an ecclesiastical-
looking structure of red brick with massive but-
tresses, and an appearance as if light must be too
much obstructed for plant growing. On entering,
however, this impression is dispelled, as there is
ample light. Ventilation, too, is well provided for
by side-ventilators at the bottom, and a lantern
running along the top. Provision for heating
is afforded by two flow and return pipes con-
nected to one of Keith's boilers. As the chief
object is to grow sub-tropical and cool Palms,
Cycads, Tree Ferns, and other ornamental plants
for church and house decoration, the provision
for heating is ample, and of course the plants
will be grown in pots or tubs for convenience of
carriage. On the north side are excellent and
commodious potting-sheds, and every provision
for the designed purpose.

There is no special conservatory at Arundel,
but the provision of small span-roofed houses
and pits for growing decorative plants, and
flowers for cutting, Epiphyllums, Eucharis,
Adiantums, Strawberries, Melons, Cucumbers,
Tomatos, and the like, is ample. Speaking of
Tomatos reminds us of Mr. Wilson's opinion,
that for winter work, where a Pine stove is
available. Tomato cuttings do better than
plants. Most of the pits are heated by a
Trentham boiler.

We must pass over the numerous fruit-houses,
as the fruit-room afforded at the time of our
visit the most conclusive evidence of what had
been in the houses. The late vineries, however,
wrere perfect pictures, so full and even was the
crop. Some 5000 pots of Dr. Morier Straw-
berry afforded an excellent prospect for the next
forcing season. Mr. Wilson thinks very highly
of this variety for early work.

Outdoor fruit was surprisingly abundant — sur-
prising, that is, to one fresh from the Midland
Counties. Golden Pippins, Ribstons, Ham-
bleton Deux Ans, and other varieties, were laden
with fruit; Peaches on the walls were abundant,
and small fruit had been gathered in profusion.

The fruit room before alluded to would
delight, not only a gardener, but an antiquary.
A large room in a fifteenth century gatehouse of
most picturesque appearance forms a fruit
room, which fulfils all the requirements of such
a place, while the massive carved oaken beams
and the mullioned windows are a delight
indeed to the visitor. Peaches may be had for
money in Covent Garden, but money would not
buy this unique apartment.

Mr. Wilson's wasp-trap is one whose efificiency
we have witnessed elsewhere. It consists
simply of two handlights, one slipped over the
other ; the lowermost is raised an inch or so
from the ground, on which is spread a bait for
the wasps. A hole is made at the apex of the
pyramid of the lower light, affording a means
of entrance to the cavity of the upper one.
The incautious wasps, instead of making their
escape by the way they came in, fly up through
the hole in the top into the upper light, and
having, as it seems, not sense enough to retrace
their flight, are captured in large quantities.

Some notable trees are to be seen in the
grounds, and beneath whose shade a herd (is
that the right word.') of ostriches may be
observed enjoying their freedom. Happy
ostriches !— they need not trouble themselves
about the proper spelling of Kcelreuteria pani-
culata ; but, stupid things, we fear they are
incapable of appreciating the beautiful foliage
of the finest specimen of this tree it has ever
been our lot to see ; nor of the largest
Gymnocladus in the country. Two magni-
ficent specimens of Cupressus macrocarpa,

over 50 feet in height, are remarkable for their
symmetry. They were planted by Mr. Wilson
in 1856. Cedars, Tulip trees, Morinda Firs,
Deodars, Corsican Pines— we cannot enumerate
them! Two magnificent WelliBgtonias,however,
demand notice, planted, one in 1S58, one in
1859, and with magnificent boles furnished to
the base with a thicket of branches and clothed
with a dense coat of golden-brown soft bark.

The Queen and the late Prince Consort
must be reckoned among the great tree planters
of our period. The two trees planted by them
here, in 1846, are satisfactory specimens of
British Oaks. But, in truth, trees refuse to die
here, and no wonder. At any rate Mr. Wilson
showed us a fine standard Fig tree, in full leaf,
with a crop of fruit upon it, and which was re-
puted dead for a period of twenty years. It was
no such thing, however ; after a long repose it
resumed work, and, judging from present ap-
pearances, it will continue to do so for many a
year to come.

Prolonged and repeated visits with syste-
matic note-taking would be required to do
justice to Arundel. Perhaps these few desul-
tory memoranda, taken on the occasion of a
flyingjvisit,'may be as suggestive as a fuller record
would be, and then it is so much better to go
and see. Let those do so \vho can — they will
not be disappointed.

&

w

BRAVOA BULLIANA, Baker, n. sf*
This is a most distinct and interesting novelty. It
is a South American Amaryllid, presumably Mexican,
that comes about half-way, in general appearance,
between our old friend the Tuberose (Polyanthes
tuberosa) and Bravoa geminiflora. It has the leaves
and root-stock of the Bravoa, but is totally different
in the flowers, which, although just like those of the
Bravoa structurally, are much larger in size, with
more conspicuous segments, and are dull greenish-
purple outside instead of bright scarlet. It seems to
bring the three genera, Btavoa, Polyanthes, and
Agave,|a shade closer to one another, its nearest affinity
in the latter being the dwarf species of the subgenus
Littrea, especially A. maculata. It has been imported
and flowered by Mr. William Bull, who is to be con-
gratulated on the introduction of such a distinct
novelty. Another very distinct species of the genus,
Bravoa sessiliflora, was gathered lately by Parry and
Palmer in Central Mexico, and has been described
and figured by Mr. W. B. Hemsley in vol. iii. o(
the Botany of Salvin and Godman's Biologia Centrali
Americana (vol. iii,, p. 33S, tab. S6).

Root-stock an erect ovoid tuber, above I inch in
diameter, the outer tunics pale brown, firm in
texture, cut at the top into a great quantity of long
persistent bristly fibres. Leaves produced contempo-
raneously with the flowers, two from the base of the
stem and one from a little above it, lanceolate, bright
green, glabrous, coriaceous in texture, acuminate,
about half a foot long, I — i^ inch broad at the middle,
with close transparent veins, and a minutely
ciliato-denticulate hyaline edge. Peduncle firm,
terete, green, flexuose, 2 to 3 feet long, with only a
single small reduced leaf at the middle. Raceme
half a foot long, consisting of five or six pairs of
curved flowers ; pedicels very short, bracts minute,
deltoid. Perianth inlundibuliform, \\ inch long,
whitish outside, tinged with greenish-purple, dull
yellow inside ; tube abruptly curved at the middle,
one-sixth of an inch in diameter low down, one-third
of an inch at the top, full of watery honey at the
base ; segments ovate falcate in the expanded flower,
one-sixth of an inch long and broad. Stamens inserted

* Bravoa BuUiana, Baker, n, sp. — Acaulis rhizomate erecto
tuheroso ; liinicis exlerioribiis scariosis brunneis apice copiose
setiferis ; foliis basalibus productis paucis synanlhiis lanceo-
latis viridibus .semipedalibus coriaccis acuminalis margine
dentlculatis ; peduncnlo 2—3 pedali ; floribus geminis brcvit-
sime pedicellatis laxe racemosis ; bracleis minutis deltoideis ;
perianthio infundibular! albido purpureo-viridi tincto tubo
abrupte curvato segmentis brevibus ovatis ; stamiQibus
inclusis : stigqiatc breviter exserto.

below the middle of the perianth-tube, just reaching
to the tip of the segments; filaments filiform,
anthers linear-oblong, versatile, one-sixth of an inch
long. Ovary oblong, not distinctly free at the top.
Style just protruded beyond the perianth segments ;
stigma tricuspidate, with three small ovate segmealb-
J. G. Baker.

^

ACIPHYLLA SQUARROSA.

This extraordinary umbelliferous plant covers
large tracts of land in various pacts of New Zealand,
where its dense tufts of spiny leaves render the
country impassable. Sir Joseph Hooker describes it
as a most remarkable, tall, unbranched, rigid,
spinous herb, 5—7 feet high, with pinnate, jointed
leaves, whose long, grassy, rigid, pungent divisions
are spread out like a fan and with an oblong terminal
raceme of many umbels nestling among rigid recurved
spinous involucral leaves. The flowers are unisexual,
sometimes monoecious, at other times dioecious. The
plant is very aromatic and full of a gummy, resinous
juice, which is attractive to pigs, who grub up the
roots for food. The plant is described and figured
in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, t. 606, and in the
New Zealand Flora of the same author, vol. i. (1853),
p. 87. Another species, A. Colensoi, also grows in
the northern and middle islands, both varieties being
known to the settlers as Spear-grass or Wild Spaniard.
The plant has proved perfectly hardy in this country,
as near Edinburgh, where it was first flowered a few
years since by the late Mr. Gorrie. Our illustration
(fig. 61) was taken from a specimen which flowered
during the past summer in the rich garden of E. J.
Loder, Esq., of Floore, near Weedoo, Northamp-
tonshire, where the winter climate, though severe, is
not so much so as to prevent the growth of this
extraordinary plant.

ARBORICULTURE IN SCOT-
LAND.

(Coniinued from p. 296).
Whilst at Fochabers opportunity should be taken
to pay a visit to the well managed estate of Cullen.
Mr. Michie, who so ably contributes to the
Forestry columns ot the Gardeners' Chronicle^
is the forester, and as one would expect, ail opera-
tions are well carried out, and there is some very fine
timber on the estate. Cullen is somewhat difficult of
access ; there is a coach daily fram Fochabers, but
this would entail slaying a night at Cullen ; it would
be more advisable to hire to Cullen and back from
Fochabers— a most enjoyable drive. Again leaving
Fochabers, in a short time we reach Elgin. A visit
should be made to the ruins of the cathedral. From
Elgin on to Forres, well known to all foresters as the
residence of the late Mr. Grigor, who did such good
service to his country in bringing so prominently into
notice the good qualities of the true native Highland
Pine, as grown from home-saved seeds, condemning
most justly the worthless Hagenau variety, which had
been sold and planted in large quantities, no doubt
causing considerable loss to proprietors on whose
estates it was planted. At Forres is one of the
first "hydropathic" establishments, surrounded
by woods, principally Pine ; the climate here is
very mild and salubrious. Some 5 or 6 miles
away is the estate of Darnaway, well timbered
and well managed, and worthy of a visit, Mr.
Scott, we believe, is the wood manager. A few
miles from Forres, on the road towards Inverness, is
Brodie, a small compact estate, with some remark-
able trees about it. The rail passes through this
property. The next point of interest will be Inver-,
ness, the country between Nairn and Inverness being
mostly under corn and Turnips. From Inverness,
well named the capital of the Highlands, excursions
could be made for weeks, there being so many re-
markable places — straths, glens, forests, &c. — within
reasonable distance. One of the most beautiful spots
at Inverness is the cemetery, on a natural mound, a
glen being on each side. The Gaelic name for it is
" Tom-na-hurich." The view from here is superb.
To the north-east is the Moray Firth, to the north
the fertile " Black Island," and to the north-west
" Beauly," Belladrum, and Beaufort Castle, sur-
rounded with Pine forests ; the *' Muir of Ord,'*
the Highland mart for cattle and sheep; and
in the distance the fine estates of Conon
House and Braham Castle, Dingwall is a
few miles to the north, and some 5 miles

September 13, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

329

to ihe west 0/ Dingwall is " Strathpeffer," the Harro-
gate of Scotland. Culloden should not be forgotten.
Neat the gardens at Culloden House is a fine Spanish
Chestnut, which occasionally ripens its fruit, and a
very fine purple Beech. \Vest of Inverness to Skye
and north to Cape Wrath and Wick, the scenery is
magnificent, being so varied — loch, moor, mountain,
and forest — that one might spend weeks in exploring
the straths and glens. Strath Glass and Strath Atfatic
were described to me by an inhabitant as being par-
ticularly beautiful. I do not expect, however, that
in the short tour I have endeavoured to describe
that time would be found to visit many of these pic-
turesque spots, but advantage should be taken when

resorts. On the right is Wemyss Bay. At Kelly
Castle the late Mr. Voung resided for many years,
and at Castle Wemyss is the residence of John Burns,
Esq., both well known philanthropists. Two or three
miles further up the Firth on the right is Ardgowan,
the splendid residence of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart,
Bart., and opposite Greenock, to the west, is Rose-
neath, well known for its ancient trees. It would be
better to land at Greenock, at Prince's Pier, and take
train to Glasgow, or whatever the destination may
be, as by this route you ascend sufficiently high on
the hill tops to have a fine view of Dumbarton Castle
and the Firth to Bowling. The time this tour would
occupy would be from ten to fourteen days, and

Fordell, near Inverkeithing, the residence of G. M.
Henderson, Esq. The late Mr. Foulis, who was
gardener and forester on the estate for many years,
a few years since was kind enough to show them to
me, and I do not know any in Scotland to equal
them, the boles are so straight and of such large
size that they must be of great age. A nice day
might be spent by leaving Edinburgh by first the
coach or by rail to Queensferry, visiting Hopetoun,
crossing the Firth to Inverkeithing hiring a machine
there, calling on the gardener^ at Fordell, and
asking permission to see the Pines, then driving on to
Aberdour, leaving Donibristle, a seat of the Earl o(
Moray, now in ruins, on the right, and walking by

Fig. 61. — ACIPHYLLA SQUARROSA. (SEE P. 328.;

at Inverness to return south by the Caledonian Canal.
The scenery is one continual source of pleasure, as
you steam down Loch Ness and Loch Lochy to Fort
William, where you come into the land of " Lochiel,"
whose name still stirs the heart of the Highlander.
Fort William is also noted for its distillery, where
the " dew of Ben Nevis " is manufactured ; from
thence through Loch Linnhee to Oban. From
Oban you have choice of rail, diA Dunblane, to
Edinburgh or Glasgow, or by steamer, viii the Crinan
Canal, through the Kyles of Bute. The rocks in
many places are covered with Hymenophyllum tun-
bridgense or H. Wilsoni— I am not certain which
variety. As you steam up the Firth of Clyde you pass
numerous delightful residences and towns, including
Rothesay, a now fashionable watering place. On
the left are Innellan, Dunoon, and Kirn, also seaside

we have endeavoured to name only those places
that can be readily visited, and where hotel accom-
modation is good and charges reasonable, excepting
at Oban.

This place is always overdone during the tourist
season, and if the Highland games should be
taking place at Inverness, it is useless endeavouring
to find accommodation ; but the visitor should return
to Nairn, or on to Beauly, or even return to Forres,
at either place good accommodation can be obtained.
Many places of note have been left out, such as
Inverary, &c., as being difficult of access ; but I
feel sure, when a visit has been once made, there will
be a wish to return and explore more fully the land of
the " loch, mountain, and moor."

Some of the largest and handsomest Scotch Firs
(true Highland Pine) are growing on the estate of

the Firth to Burntisland, taking the steamer from
there to Edinburgh,

There is still another estate in Scotland that should
be visited, if possible, and that is Castle Kennedy.
What Murthly in the North is for Conifers, Castle
Kennedy is in the South. Mr. Fowler has planted
here in large groups all the Conifers of note.
Araucaria imbricata, Abies Nordmanniana, Abies
nobilis, Abies Douglasii, and its variegated form, A.
D. Stairii, named in compliment to his employer,
the Earl of Stair j Cupressus, Retinosporas, &c., will
be found here ; there is also at the head of the Black
Loch a fine row of Beech, planted by instruction of
General Lord Stair somewhere about the date of the
battle of Blenheim. There is an interesting story
attached to these trees, and which fixes their age to a
day, and which Mr. Fowler tells in his quiet homely

330

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, iS

manner. The Castle Kennedy Grapes are also still
as great a treat to see as formerly, when they used to
be seen at exhibitions. The route to reach Castle
Kennedy from Glasgow is by Ayr, Maybole, &c.
Near Maybole is Culzean Castle, the seat of the
Marquis of Ailsa, a finely timbered property ; and a
few miles further south is Kilkerran, the seat of Sir
J. Ferguson, Bart., a fine estate, with deer forest,
and a glen some 10 miles in length. After Castle
Kennedy there is nothing in the South of Scotland
nearer than Drumlanrig, a few miles north of Dum-
fries.

I must now close our descriptive tour, and hope that
iTiy somewhat erratic attempt may be of service. W. H.

ENVILLE HALL, STOUR-
BRIDGE.

The fine grounds of this noble demesne are now
open twice a week to the public by order, and it need
scarcely be stated that they are visited by large numbers
from Stourbridge and the surrounding industrial
centres. The grounds are now in admirable condi-
tion, and as more rain has apparently fallen in this
district than in the less favoured South, everything,
despite the prevailing drought in the midland districts,
looks wonderfully fresh and bright, and testifies to the
fostering care and intelligence of Mr. George Green,
the head gardener. Something of the old enthusiasm
respecting the bedding-out system stirs the beholder
as he looks upon the well filled beds, so bright and
effective under the brilliant sunlight, and the ribbon
borders aglow with lines of pleasant colours. The
ribbon border in front of the wall which forms the
boundary line close by the cricket ground is composed
of a line of yellow Calceolarias at the back, then a
line of scarlet, and in front of this a line of
white zonal Pelargoniums, then a band of Coleus
Verschaffelti, in excellent condition, with a line of
the old variegated Pelargonium, Golden Chain
forming the front line. This ribbon iine is continued
round a portion of the flower garden under the belt
of shrubbery, in which Hollies and Acer Negundo
variegatum play a conspicuous'part. Here the front
line is Golden Chain, behind it Ageratum Imperial
Dwarf, a crimson Nosegay Pelargonium, a white
zonal ditto, and then a back line of the old variegated
Pelargonium Flower of the Day, The lines of colour
are perfect. This long ribbon line appears to be
quite in keeping with the place, and it is greatly
admired by the many visitors. About the fine stretch
of lawn forming the site of the flower garden there
are many beds, mainly circular, much raised in the
centre, and effectively filled. It is striking masses of
colour rather than elaborate artistic arrangements that
are sought for, the rich wealth of evergreen and summer
foliage around makes some such floral display quite
harmonious. There are some charming masses of
pale blue-purple, formed of a Verbena raised at
Enville, edged with the old tricolor Mrs. Pollock ;
there is a mass of white zonal Pelargoniums, edged
with crimson Tropseolum, also pink zonal, edged
with Mrs. Pollock, and the latter edged with blue
Lobelia. There are embroidered beds also among
them, in which Coleus, Pyrethrum Golden Feather,
Alternantheras, and others play an important part.
Near to the mansion, railed off from the intrusion of
the public, is a smaller flower garden, in which
charming beds, arranged after the manner of those at
Heckfield, are seen to great advantage.

What noble trees stand up tall and straight against
the sky !— loItyKlms, spreading Chestnuts, Planes of
great extent, umbrageous Oaks, purple Beech of
marvellous size and rich colour; Horse Chestnuts
and L'mes in groups that appear as if they had been
planted centuries ago ; Yews of great age ; green-leaved
Beech of surpassing size and splendour ; variegated
Hollies, in green and gold, and rare specimens of
the Fir tribe. Nature has done wonders for Enville,
its undulations are the work of slow but cease-
less ch3nge, and the landscape gardener has left
subtle touches of artistic beauty to bear testimony to
his genius. Look at that fine group of Tulip trees,
and near it such a group as one seldom sees of the
Venetian Sumach, with its elongated and feathery
flower-stalks in large ed panicles, singular in appear-
ance, and very gracerful. All the Pine tribe appear in
g'ofious luxuriance, save and except an Araucaria
here and there, that has felt the eftects of the severe
frost in years past. There is a lofty glaucous variety of
Cedrus allantica, of broadly pyramidal habit, very
imposing in its rich hue of silver. Cryptomeria

japonica is perfectly at home here, and very fine
and healthy specimens of it can be seen.

In the large conservatory there is a great collection
of plants, and Mr. Green speaks in the highest terms
of the value of the tuberous rooted Begonias as in-
valuable decorative plants in such a building. Here
are some of the finest specimens of Indian Azaleas, of
pyramidal form, that we have seen for many a day ;
indeed, Enville abounds with Azaleas, and they are
found of great value for cutting purposes. In the
plant-houses can be seen a large and varied collection
of flowering plants for decorative purposes, Orchid::^,
&c. A hasty look through ihe Peach-houses, vineries,
t.S;c., showed that everjihing was in good condition,
though the labour at the disposal of Mr. Green is
inadequate to the requirements of the place.

What a boon these splendid gardens must be to the
population dwelling along that broad fringe of the
Black Country immedia!ely contiguous to them. On
the whole the many visitors behave well : pity it were
otherwise, for the indiscretions of visitors have in
some instances led to the closing against the public of
gardens similar to those at Enville. Let us hope these
famed pleasure grounds will long remain open to
visitors, to walk in and enjoy the ravishing natural
beauty that abounds on every hand in such rich pro-
fusion, R, D.

BULBS,

{Condnded Jroui p. soo )

CoRMS. — As usually understood, corms, or "solid
bulbs,*' as they are also called, differ from bulbs in
this, that the scales on the outside are dry and few in
number, while the base, or lower part of the stem
from which they spring, is greatly dilated. The
depot of nutriment in this case is therefore in the
stem, not in the scales.

The Crocus and the Gladiolus afford familiar ex-
amples of the corm. Their mode of growth is the
same as to general principles as that of the bulbs.
The Gladiolus, for instance, affords an illustration of
a terminal corm j the main stem ends in the inflor-
escence which, together with the old corm, withers
after flowering, leaving a lower bud of axillary origin
to carry on the growth in the next season. A Gladi-
olus corm examined in the spring of the year shows
the withered remnants of the old corm, surmounted
by the new one, from the base of which proceed the
roots. On removing the base of the sheathing leaves
small buds may be seen in the axil, which will not
flower this season, but in a subsequent one.

In the Crocus the new corras formed in spring are
developed from the top of the old corm. They are
for a longer time dependent on the old corm than in
the case of the Gladiolus, as may be seen by the fact
that roots proceed from the base of the new corm in
spring, while at Ihe same period, in the case of the
Crocus, there are no roots yet produced from the new
corm, the withering old corm still retaining its roots.
" Every living part of a Crocus," says Mr. Maw, " is
annually replaced. The corm tunic is the only per-
manent record of perennial existence, and even this in
its living state lasts but a year." The general mode
of growth is thus essentially similar to that already
mentioned in the case of the Tulip. Considering,
then, the short time that a Crocus has wherein to
develope its flowers, its leaves, and its successional
corms, the folly of cutting off the leaves prematurely
becomes the more apparent.

Tubers. — For our present purpose we may con-
sider a tuber to be a thickened shoot, without any
investing scales, but with one or more " eyes" — that
is, buds. In a bulb or a corm the central stem from
which the scales and leaves proceed is short and
thick ; in a tuber it is usually more or less elongated.
It is, however, rather in their production at the ends
of longish thread-like branches that the difference
mainly consists. Tubers are generally grouped by
gardeners as forms of roots ; but this arrangement by
no means pleases the botanist, and is indeed fatal to
clearness of conception, while the treatment that is
appropriate to a tuber is by no means suitable to a
root. The technical difterence, not to mention difler-
ences of structure and mode of growth, consists in the
fact that in a tuber there are eyes or buds, while a
true root is destitute of these productions. Neverthe-
less there are, as has been already mentioned, some
awkward intermediate formations, the plague o( the
botanist, the despair of the devotee of exact science,
which will not fit in comfortably with any definition

that may be framed ; such are the tubers of the
Dahlia, of terrestrial Orchids, the thick stem of the
Cyclamen, or the pseudobulb of the epiphytal *
Orchids, and many others. However different mor-
phologically—that is, structurally— they are but illus-
trations of Nature's method of compassing the same
ends by varied agents. They are very interesting to
the morphologist and physiologist, but of little value
to the systematic botanist, because theyatt'ord little or
no indications of real aftioity, plants of the most
diverse lineage having in this matter similar structure.
The most useful course appears to be to allude to such
of these formations as are most important to the
cultivator, and to do so from his point of view and
that of the physiologist. So considered, all these
nondescript structures fall very naturally and con-
veniently under the head of Reserve-organs, taking
their place as such by the side of seeds, buds, bulbs,
and other organs of storage, and illustrations of inter-
mittent energy or suspended animation.

First and foremost in importance is the Potato,
" the noble tuber." Great as is its importance to us,
that importance is largely artificial. Of the seven or
eight hundred species of Solanum known in a wild
state only some half-dozen are known to produce
tubers, and only one (S. tuberosum) the Potato J^ar
cxrdlencc, has been brought into cultivation. So far,
all the numerous varieties of Potato in cultivation are
mere seedling or selected variations from this one
species. The point we would here impress is that the
formation of tubers so important to us is clearly of
vastly less significance to the members of the genus
Solanum, in which, indeed, it can only be looked on
as exceptional. The object of the cultivator should
be directed, not so much to the conditions under
which the members of the genus Solanum naturally
grow, as to the peculiar conditions which have caused
one particular species in an especial manner to de-
velope tubers. It must never be forgotten by the
thoughtful cultivator that particular plants — wild
plants — do not as a rule grow under the conditions
which are the most favourable to them, but where
they can hold their own in face of the severe compe-
tition to which they are exposed, and in spite of the
many adverse conditions by which they are handi-
capped. This truth was long ago insisted on by
Dean Herbert, one of the foremost physiologists and
cultivators of this country, and it is a truth that should
be full of encouragement to the gardener, who often
has it in his power to remove any given plant from
the struggle with competitors, and not only to banish
adverse conditions, but to place the plant under the
most favourable circumstances possible for its develop-
ment. This is what has been done partially for the
Potato ; partially, because only with reference to the
production of tubers, the tendency to the formation of
which has been by the art of man, and the plasticity
of the plant, enormously increased. But this develop-
ment of one organ has been obtained at the expense
of some compensatory drawbacks, foremost among
which is an enhanced tendency to become diseased,
or at any rate a diminished power of resistance when
attacked.

The tuber of the Potato is nothing but the thick-
ened end of an underground branch. As it is destined
to remain underground no true leaves are formed, and
therefore any food it may get is conveyed to it, not
formed by or in it. That it is a branch is shown by
its origin from the stem or haulm, and this is further
shown by the presence of the eyes or buds. The Fir-
cone Potato, a variety occasionally met with, resembles
a long Fir-cone, or an Asparagus shoot, the nature of
which latter is obvious. It is, in fact, a terminal bud,
such as before described, but one in which the central
portion is enormously thickened, which ceases to grow
at the tip (definite), but which is capable of lateral
growth by development of shoots from the "eyes," as
may be seen when "sets," or so-called " seed-
Potatos," commence their growth. Its essentially
bud-like character is shown by the occasional forma-
tion of small tubers in the axils of the leaves. Any
one who will compare a Strawberry " runner " with
a Potato will see how close the correspondence really
is. From the underground portion of the stem or
haulm of the Potato slender branches are thrown out,
which terminate in tuberous buds that do not directly
develope true leaves, but become separated from the
parent plant in course of time, and serve as a means
of propagating it. From the abovcground portion of

* Epiphytal, a term applied to plants which grow upon other
trees, but which, as they do not penetrate beneath their sur-
face, do not derive «ny nourishment from them.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

331

the stem of the Strawberry issues a long slender
branch, which terminates in a bud, in which true
leaves are directly developed, and which becomes in
time detached from the parent plant, and serves to
propagate it. In all essentials the resemblance is
close ; the difference is associated with the circum-
stance that in the one case the growth takes place
below-ground, where the leaves could not work if
they were produced ; in the other the growth is above-
ground, and the leaves can effect their purpose so
completely that the food stored up in the offset of the
Strawberry is actually largelj' obtained by its own
leaves, and not conveyed thither from other sources.

Tracticat. Inferences.— The life history of the
Potato, as here sketched in outline, illustrates the
propriety of not allowing the tubers to produce roots
or lo sprout til! we are ready to plant, because all
such growth must be at the expense of the parent
tuber. But if planted before such growth takes place,
then as soon as new roots are formed they are at once
available to supply the tuber with water, and do not
overstrain it in carrying on those wonderful changes
which convert a dormant mass of cellular tissue into
a focus of movement and chemical and physical
change.

So, too, we may see that the practice which some
follow of rubbing off the ** chits " or shoots that may
have been produced before planting is so much waste ;
they will form again, it is true, but a wanton injury
will have been done, and time will have been lost.
It is the practice with some when planting to suppress
all the eyes but one near one end of the tuber. The
reason given for this is that the one left will be able
to avail itself of the food provided for the rest. But
if a good haulm is to be made — and that, it must be
admitted, is the necessary precursor to a good crop —
it must be bad practice to suppress the many for the
sake of the one— to have one group of leaves and
roots only instead of many. But supposing growth
goes on uninterruptedly, the roots which emerge from
the base of the shoots grow, divide and subdivide,
multiply exceedingly, according to the nature and
quality of the soil.

The value of the earthing*up process usually adopted
consists in this : the earth drawn up round the collar
increases the food supplying surface, gives the roots
more range, secures a greater supply of air to the
roots through the loose soil, and, provided it be not
raised too high, is of unmixed benefit to the plant.
Moreover, under certain circumstances, it may pre-
vent the spores of the Potato-fungus being washed
down into the soil — an argument used by Mr. Jensen
in support of his practice of *'high moulding." The
first object of the cultivator is to encourage free,
rapid, and healthy growth of root and haulm. The
reason is obvious ; root and leaf are necessary to the
growth of the plant, and essential to the formation of
the tubers. Once provided with a good supply by
means of the true roots and leaves, the plant sets
itself to work to provide for the future. It may do
this in two ways — by the formation of flowers,
fruit, and seed, or by the production of tubers.
^Ve may here leave seed production out of our
calculations, because in most cases it is the tubers
we want, not the seeds, save in exceptional cases.
At the same time that the roots below-ground and
the haulm above-ground are doing their work,
collecting and preparing the food, the tubers are
gradually developing below-ground on the subter-
ranean portions of the stem.

In its native country the Potato is exposed, after
the growing season, to a period of drought, and all
above-ground vegetation dries up where with us it
rots. In either case the destruction of the leafage is
complete, and were it not for the tubers safely
ensconced below-ground, the chance of perpetuating
the plant would be small. True it might be propa-
gated by seed, but only a small proportion of seed is
formed ; that is subject to depredations from birds,
and liable to other accidents ; and, moreover, repro-
duction by its means is necessarily a slower process
than that by the tubers buried safely beneath the
ground, out of the reach of hungry animals or birds,
and placed under more equable climatic conditions
than they would be above-ground, where cold nights,
and even frosts, succeed to torrid days. The ques-
tion obviously arises whether in this country autumn
planting might not be more beneficial than that in
spring. But it must be remembered that the Potato
in our fields and gardens is under very different condi-
tions to what it is in the wild state. Our cold wet
soils are not at all well adapted to keep such succulent
masses ; and, again, our spring frosts play havoc
enough as it is with the young shoots, and would do
still more in the case of autumn-planted tubers, unless
protected. CasselVs " Pofitlar Gardcuin^"

HORTICULTURAL NOTES IN
RUSSIA.

{iSeni'ftlied from /. 301.)

Moscow.— A note on the Botanic Garden has
already appeared, and I have to add a few remarks
upon other horticultural features of the city. In one
of the shops were several attractive pots for sale of
Muscari ramosum var. monstrosum, known sometimes
as the "Feather Hyacinth." It had a novel
appearance for greenhouse or room decoration, and
seems fit to rank among the best of the hardy plants
used for the purpose. Opposite the fanions restaur-
ant known as the Hermitage is a kind of open-air
bazaar for the sale of plants. There are also shops
.and greenhouses, but the greater number of the plants
for sale are hardy trees and herbaceous plants. An
astonishing number of them are planted in baskets
ready for removal. Such a thing as Levisticum
officinale one would not expect to find, but there
were many of it. More easy it was to understand
the tasts for Bryonia dioica, our common Bryony,
which forms such handsome wreaths and pretty
foliage. Dielytra spectabilis was one of the most
beautiful of the plants growing in these baskets. The
trees grown, or rather planted in them, were chiefly
Poplars, which about Moscow are exceedingly
common. They are used for avenues and in every
possible way. Sometimes they are met with cut
into shape as Box used to be with us, and often they
are made to form standards. In the Petrowsky
Academy of Horticulture no less than thirty-two kinds
are cultivated.

We were interested to know the various kinds, but
from the number of them, and from the very early
stage of growth it would be hazardous to mention
names, especially as many trees have not quite the
aspect they have in our climate. This difference was
shown conspicuously by the Lime, which never seemed
to possess the graceful appearance we are familiar
with ; it was more dense and thickset with stiff twigs,
apparently stunted, so that the bark of comparatively
small trees was quite rugged. The look of the tree
was sometimes so different that one naturally turned
to the buds to be quite sure of its identity. Among
cut flowers we found little to remark ; the Rose
evidently holds, as rightly it should, the first place,
and one immense bouquet of pale buds was peculiarly
arranged with the sprigs of Euonymus radicans varie-
gata. The effect was novel, but not altogethers atis-
factory to our taste.

Near Moscow we visited the Petrowsky Park,
which enjoys a fine elevated situation and is famed for
its fine trees. It is of immense size, and in some
parts is remarkably picturesque from the numerous
country houses built of round timber in very orna-
mental style, and often decorated with a good deal of
colour, the effect of which is all the better, perhaps,
from the surrounding forest of foliage in which these
houses appeared to be buried. The Birch is, per-
haps, the commonest tree in Russia, but we saw it
nowhere else in the large groves which are formed of
it here, and though we could well admire its graceful
habit and foliage, we were most struck by the effect
of the forest of white tree trunks below through which
the eye could not reach, and our impression of this
characteristic scene is perhaps stronger than of any
other of similar nature. The Larches attracted our
attention from their size and fine development, and
there were some avenues of this tree which seemed to
point it out as capable of very fine effect for this
purpose. The Spruce Fir was also fine in this
park. .Egopodium Podagraria, the Goat-weed, was
common here, as it is almost everywhere. Pile-wort
was also very common, forming splendid sheets of
golden colour. A form of Ranunculus auricomus,
with lower leaves not lobed or incised, was extremely
showy in the grass, extending here and there into
masses. This was the most ornamental of the wild
plants we saw. In this park is situated the Academy
of Forestry, Gardening and Farming, which was
the chief object of our visit. In passing through
there is not much that strikes the visitor as being
above and beyond what he has seen before,
but, no doubt, it would be of greater interest
could an extended visit be made, to observe the
working of the Academy— how it endeavours to
attain the objects it has in view. We should observe
that this establishment was instituted at the time the
serfs were freed, in order to spread over the land, by
its students, that knowledge which was to be of
infinite use to them in their new condition. The

students here are taken from parishes whence they are
recommended, and from what we were told they have
free instruction, or pay a premium, according to cer-
tain circumstances. The results of teaching cannot
be considered quite satisfactory, if, as I was told, the
students are better up in theory than practice, and
that they are not cared for by employers to do practi-
cal work. It must be said that many things combine
to make the scientific teaching of horticulture a matter
of no small difficulty, and the only thing that can be
done in the present day, probably, is to supplement
really good practice by scientific lectures, as now, and
for some time past, carried on at Kew.

Crataegus sanguinea, generally in Russia, as far as
it was possible to learn, takes the place of the
common Quick for hedges, which though hardy does
not succeed well, but here another species, C. coc-
cinea, is said to answer still better. Our attention
was drawn to C. amurensis, introduced by Dr. Regel,
which makes a fine tree from its large and luxuriant
foliage and black fruit. One of the trees used for
hedges is Caragana arborescens, but its habit is
apparently too loose to be satisfactory, though we often
saw hedges of it in St. Petersburg as well as in
Moscow. A hedge of Spruce Fir we had not seen
before ; it was clipped as any other hedge, and
apparently formed an efficient screen and a good fence.
In the houses were two plants quite new to us, the
one called Systemon Fischeri, of which nothing is
known in this country, unless possibly under some
other name ; and Cinchona speciosa, evidently not a
true Cinchona, but very ornamental, with fine broad
leaves. R, Irwin Lynch.

floiliats' flottf^irs.

The Amaryllis. — The resting period has now
arrived, and the plants must have no more water,
with the exception of a few that may have made late
growths. These may be watered a little longer, until
the growths are completed. The small offsets potted
in the spring have by this time made nice bulbs, and
these do not ripen so early as those that have reached
the flowering stage. We repot the whole collection
in January, but I like to have the compost ready three
or four months before it is required. It can be laid
up in a corner of some open shed or outhouse, and its
constituent parts become incorporated together before
it is required. It may be that I am inclined to attach
undue importance to the mixing of composts so long
before they are required, but plants always seem to do
better when the compost is prepared some time before
it is wanted. We use for the Amaryllis about three
parts loam to one of good turfy peatj one of leaf-
mould, one of decayed manure, and some sharp sand.
Those who have paid very high prices for their bulbs
will not think it too much trouble to grow them so
that the best results may be obtained. During the
resting period the bulbs should be kept in the pots in
which they were grown, and as cool and dry as pos-
sible. A greenhouse or vinery at rest are the best
places for them, unless they are kept in a house which
has been entirely set apart for their culture.

The Azalea.— This is also the resting period of
this useful greenhouse plant. At p. S28 of the last
volume instructions were given for pushing the plants
on in heat, until the buds were well set. The plants
have arrived at that stage now, and if they were
grown in a house by themselves it is easy enough to
give them the treatment they require. The tem-
perature should gradually be reduced by admitting
air more freely, until the ventilators are left quite
open night and day. The plants should be placed
out-of-doors until the cold weather and late autumn
rains set in. Specimen Azaleas are much benefited
by being placed out-of-doors for about six weeks in
the autumn after the buds are well set. Cuttings that
were put in during the month of IJuly may now be
potted-off singly in small pots. They will become
well established before the winter. Good established
plants can be obtained so cheaply that it is not worth
while to propagate plants, but some amateurs amuse
themselves by doing so. In warm weather the leaves
may be syringed daily to keep them free from thrips
and red-spider. Some varieties produce too many
flower-buds, these must be thinned out to give those
that remain a better chance to produce well developed
flowers. Azaleas with their floweringgrowthstied dowo

332

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 18

closely, and with the flower-buds not thinned out, will
produce the flowers huddled together so closely,
crushing each other so out of form, that the plants are
offensive rather than objects of beauty to delight the
eye as they ought to do.

Primulas. — The single and double forms arealike
the most useful of plants for furnishing the conserva-
tory during the winter and spring months. The best
single varieties, as well as the double forms, are pro-
pagated by cuttings. These may be put in at any
time during the summer. The plants from which the
cuttings are to be taken should be placed in a house
near the glass, and be kept rather dry at the roots for
a few weeks before taking the cuttings off. If this is
done they are not at all liable to damp off; but they
should be planted separately in small pots, using
fine sandy soil rather moist ; and if they are placed in
a close hand-glass they will not require any water for
two or three days. Watering them as soon as they
ate put in and giving them too much after causes
many of them to rot ; indeed, it requires some manage-
ment to prevent many of them from rotting off durmg
the winter ; a damp cold atmosphere is bad for them ;
they do best in a warm airy greenhouse, damp being
kept out by using the heating apparatus. These
plants are frequently over-potted, and a greater
mistake it is not possible to make. They will not
produce larger or better plants in an 8-inch pot than
they will in a 6-inch one. The single and double
Primulas exhibited by Messrs. Cannell, of Swan-
ley, in London, during the previous two winters were
grown in deep 4^ or 5-inch pots, and better plants
could not be desired. The flowers were numerous,
large, and of splendid quality. Such examples as
those are grown in houses where they can have
exactly the treatment they require, but they will do in
any house, if they are placed near the glass, and not
allowed to suffer from damp or cold. We are now
potting the earliest into their flowering pots, the
later plants being potted into small sized pots to be
grown on to succeed them. The glass lights should
be pulled off whenever the weather is fine.

Fuchsias. — This useful old plant is not excelled
for giving masses of flowers during the late summer
and autumn months, and is as well adapted for large
conservatories as it is for small greenhouses. Small
plants allowed to flower in 5 or 6inch pots are exceed-
ingly useful ; we seldom use sticks for them ; they
are allowed to grow in their own free way, with
shoots hanging over the sides of the pots, bent with
the weight of the clusters of white and scarlet drops.
They continue to flower a long time, if the seed-pods
are removed as fast as they are formed. They are not
much troubled with insect pests, but red-spider attacks
the leaves, and does considerable damage to them.
It is not easy to destroy it when the plants are in
flower, but they may be kept off by syringing the
leaves and keeping the plants in a healthy growing
condition in the early stages of their growth. J.
Douglas, Great Gearies, Ilford,

retains throughout all its varieties, affords a means of
clearly distinguishing it from the irregularly-shaped,
crimped, and fringed lip of O. Alexandr:e, and thus
furnishes a good general test by which to distinguish
the one from the other. O. Pescatorei, as a rule, has
flowers rather smaller than those of the ordinary O.
crispum, and is also much more branching in its
flower-spikes than those of that species. A stout
well-flowered plant of it, such as we often see, with
gracefully branched spike bearing from 100 to 150 of
its snow-white flowers, brightly marked in their
centres with violet and orange, is a very lovely and
attractive object, and one which lasts a very long
time to reward the grower for his care. O. Pes-
catorei has not yet got to the height of its fame,
although it was discovered by Funck and Schlim
in Pamplona and Ocafia, at a high altitude, in
the year 1847, and was flowered by Linden and
others in 185 1, and although it has ever since
been well represented in our collections for many
years, nothing like a marked variation was seen in
the flowers of the different specimens, a few spots
more or less on the labellum, or a difference in
the arrangement of those marks, constituted the
chief difference ; and, notwithstanding that the
plant was always beautiful when in flower to a
casual observer the flowers were all much alike.
However, in 1882, with one gigantic stride from
the ordinary form to that which every one at present
regards as the grandest variety which will ever be
imported, Messrs. James Veitch & Son, of Chelsea,

^]n\(i& j)|ot£8 and ll^anings.

Vanda tricolor and v. suavis.— The splendid
houseful of all the best known varieties of these at
Mr. B. S. Williams' nurseries. Upper Holloway, goes
far to prove that these plants thrive best when grown
moderately cool and with shade. The home-grown
plants which have just produced such a great display
of bloom are very dark green in colour, and the foli-
age is hard and fleshy, but here and there the eye
lights on a yellow-looking specimen, which is a newly
acquired plant in every case. If fairly healthy and
unspotted, the treatment adopted will bring back to
its proper dark green colour even the yellowest and
most unsightly subjects, so that the possessors of such
plants need not despair of bringing theirs back to
health if they imitate his treatment. 7- 0. B.

Odontoglossum Pescatorei. — Simple as the
matter might seem to an expert, we often have flowers
of Odontoglossums submitted to us to determine
whether they are those of O. Alexandra: (i.e., crispum)
or of O. Pescatorei ; we therefore take the oppor-
tunity of giving an illustration (fig. 62) of the typical
O. Pescatorei, by which it will be seen that the
peculiar form of the lip, which the species rather closely

Alexandra Lehmanni, a variety which in all its cha-
racteristics seems exactly intermediate between O.
Pescatorei and O. Alexandrse. It is a lovely and a
variable variety, not yet generally known, and as it is
distinct enough to be easily recognised we must wel-
come it, and forgive its encroachment on the other
kinds. O. Pescatorei is a strictly cold-house, mois-
ture, and shade-loving Orchid, and one of the most
thrifty and free-flowering when grown in a cool pure
atmosphere.

Barkeria spectabilis, B. cyclotella, &c. — A
very successful and simple method of growing these
Barkerias is adopted at Mr. B. S. Williams' nur-
series, Upper Holloway, where there is a very fine
healthy stock of them. They are grown in shallow
pans, and suspended in a cold, airy, sunny house
similar to that in which New Holland plants are
grown. The plants are kept always moist at the
roots, and the sturdy reddish-green foliage with which
they are plentifully covered tells plainly that they are
safe in their cool quarters. Mr. Williams intends to
keep them at a very low temperature all the winter,
the air in the house being kept rather dry. ^. 0, B,

Cool-house Oncidia. — I am pleased to see Mr.
J. O'Brien advocating cool-house treatment for so
many of these, so often grown too hot ; but I may
say as to Oncidium incurvum that my experience of
this plant has been as follows : — I had three fine
plants carrying annually spikes of 150 blooms each,
as grown in the Cattleya-house. Being rather full
there, they went into the cool-house, and while there
they hardly grew at all during this lovely summer,
when even a cool-house was warm. When I made
lately more room for Cattleyas the three Oncidia
were returned to their old quarters. The change in
the growths is wonderful in only a month. I cannot
judge accurately the number of blooms they would
have borne in the cool-house, for unfortunately the
spikes were eaten off at once by a slug ; but they
were weaker than those produced in the Cattleya-
house. I do not lay this down as a law, for per-
haps my plants came from a low elevation as com-
pared to some, but I would say if they do well now in
any house, leave them there till they show evidence of
declining. De B. Crawshay.

Fig. 62.— typical odontoglossum pescatorel

made a great break with their O. P. Veitchianum
— a lovely variety, with flowers of the most
perfect form, the sepals and petals being heavily
blotched, even to the tips. In 1SS3 several finely
marked varieties bloomed with Messrs. F. Sander &
Co., of St. Alban's, out of their immense importation,
and the best of them were secured by Messrs. James
Veitch & Son at Messrs. Protheroe cS: Morris' auction
rooms, Cheapside, for 70 guineas. It was of the
O. P. Veitchianum class, but differed from it in
having purple bands and blotches not reaching quite
so far up the petals. The variety was afterwards
named by Prof. Reichenbach O. P. Schroderianum,
in honour of Baron Schroder, of The Dell, Staines,
into whose magnificent collection both these beauties
have passed. O. Pescatorei, however, so far as we
have seen it, does not seem anything like so variable
as O. Alexandrae, although the importations often
give forms the first flowering of which presents very
large flowers. This is from two causes : the first
flower-spikes are generally unbranched, and the
flowers are larger in consequence, bnt on becoming
branched they get back to the ordinary size. The
second cause is, that freshly imported pieces often send
up an abnormal growth, half bulb, and finishing up at
top with a short flower-spike, the flowers on which
generally get to an unusual size on account of their
getting, as it were, the strength of a bulb. Often
have buyers been deceived in buying such plants, and
finding that when they flower in the ordinary way
they are only ordinary varieties, or that the plants
died, the abnormal flower-spikes being their last
efforts. Unfortunately for the easy identification of
O. Pescatorei, a few years ago Mr. Lehmann dis-
covered and sent over a lot of what was called O.

A NATIVE GLADIOLUS.

Few people who witness the magnificent display
of Gladioli of Messrs. Kelway and others at our
flower-shows at this season, and which are derivatives
rom various South African species, are aware that
Great Britain may boast of one native species closely
allied to the one not uncommon in cultivated fields
in Italy and France. Gladiolus illyricus, or, as some
consider it, G. communis var. illyricus, was dis-
covered some years since in the New Forest. Messrs.
Dyer and Trimen, in the journal of Botany for 1864,
p. 280, tell us that it affects chiefly broad green open
tracts in the Forest, sometimes occurring in the midst
of the Bracken (Pteris), and more rarely amidst Fir
plantations, where the Gladiolus attains a height of
upwards of a yard, with as many as ten flowers on a
spike. According to the authorities above men-
tioned, it prefers dry open unsheltered spots on a
sandy soil to sylvan situations, and it probably
increases freely by offsets, as a large number of small
corms are concealed under the meshes of the fibrous
covering of the corm at its base. It is to be hoped,
therefore, that this interesting plant may not be
exterminated, though some of our friends who have
visited the locality have not been so fortunate as
Messrs, Dyer and Trimen. (See fig. (>Z')

EDGE HALL.

Until I found myself at Manchester I was not so
much alive to the contiguity of Lancashire and
Cheshire as I ought to have been. A visit to Mr.
Wolley Dod, according to his kind invitation, became
inevitable when such a northern latitude had been
reached. It took only a few hours to get from Dids-
bury to Edge Hall ; the weather was unexceptionable,
and the fine old family mansion, which was built, I
believe, in the reign ol Charles I., looked as beautiful
as ever, and appeared to the greatest advantage. Its
Ivy-clad walls, old-fashioned windows and vener-
able appearance altogether are excessively pleasing,
and the background of Welsh mountains gives a charm
to the landscape which cannot be exaggerated. Mr.
Wolley Dod, beyond all doubt, lives in the depths of
the country. Country sights and country sounds meet
the visitor at every turn, and there are no tall factory
chimneys to be an eyesore to him, and what he might.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDEISTERS' CHRONICLE

333

perhaps, consider to be worse, there are no chemical-
laden blasts to pour ruin over his plants. But he is
not exempted from the common lot of man for all that,
and he has his sorrows to bear. There is a lack of
ozone in the atmosphere which lessens the colour of
his flowers, the clouds hang about him too much, and
shut out the benignant influences of the sun, the soil
is too retentive of moisture. Such are his plaints,
and no doubt there is a great deal of truth in them.
A heaven-born gardener has a reason for believing that
his lines have fallen in rather hard places when no
Iris will live with him on any terms whatever —
when few 0.\alises will keep up an acquain-
tance with him for more than for a very short time —
when bulbs eschew him as a rule — when in winter-
time be loses many of his greatest favourites as a
matter of course. All this, it must be acknowledged,

There is an outlook of blossom which invites you to
inspect it and to discriminate carefully between one
plant and another. IJlossom is everywhere— it is on
the right hand and on the left, in front of the
house and at its back. There are large beds
on the lawn, which seem crammed full with flowers,
and rockeries are so running over with them that not
a single pocket is bare. As you pass from one part of
the garden to another you have to surmount a raised
bank with stepping-stones in it from the top to the
bottom, where alpines grow everywhere. Lilies wave
grandly on a long level which suits them exactly,
and herbaceous borders abound all over the place,
where not an inch has been wasted. There is a long
drive on one side, which forms an approach to the
house ; and of course there is a long row of tall grow-
ing things to set it ofT and enliven it. Even the

lack. There would never be a neuter termination in
the place of a feminine one, or vice vcrsi. There
would not be the slightest necessity for putting
" true " after his plants, which always seems to me
the greatest affront which nurserymen can ofl^er to
themselves, because it says by implication that the
rest may be untrue ; and beyond everything else, if
Mr. Wolley Dod's present principles were adhered
to, no plants would ever be sent out by him that were
not fully established, and pots would never be used
of which the diameter only equals that of a halfpenny.
But we must do without this, I fear, and be thankful
for the labour of love which so unremittingly goes on
at Edge Hall, and for all its numerous gifts, and the
lessons which are scattered about broadcast. A long
day spent with Mr. Wolley Dod is a day of the
greatest enjoyment, and it is also one of drinking in

Fig. 63.— our native gladiolus, (see p. 332.)

is very sad indeed, and if Mr. Dod's surroundings
strike one as paradisiacal at first it is unfortunately
too true that the paradise has its drawbacks if the
cultivation of plants is the standpoint from which it is
to be regarded. But considerations of this sort only
increase the wonderment which his garden creates.
Beyond a doubt it has the most floriferous appearance
of any garden I know, and this is produced by subjects
which will bear looking into and require individual
care. I have now gardens in my mind's eye which
are not one whit better — if they are so good — as some
Turkey carpets I have seen ; they oppress you with a
tremendous blaze of colour, the whole thing is done
for effect. There is nothing of this at Edge Hall at
all, the plants are multitudinous and of different sizes
and sorts ; they are not turned out and dealt with en
masse, but each one has been separately thought
about in its turn and is provided with the accom-
modation which is judged to be best. It is this
which gives an interest which never flags to the place.

kitchen garden is largely invaded, and behind the
kitchen garden a great inroad is threatened. I would
not give much for the fields themselves in the course
of two or three years. I believe they will all be given
up to the production of flowers. If Mr. Wolley Dod
had a kingdom to rule over, I am sure he would fill
it with plants in a very short space of time. When-
ever I pay him a visit a strange thought takes possession
of my mind, and for which perhaps he will not thank me
when he sees it in print. I cannot help wishing that he
were at the head of some large nursery establishment,
and that he wanted a foreman. I am sure that if he were
engaged in a business of this sort it would form an
epoch in gardening. That insight into a flower which
he possesses, — that discrimination of its chief charac-
teristics—that love of collecting— that wonderful skill
in propagating anything which will consent to be
propagated at all, would soon make themselves felt ;
and then his correct knowledge of Latin would give
quite a flavour to catalogues, which at present they

instruction at every turn. There are constant sur-
prises, and a notebook gets crammed full of this thing
and of that which must on no account be forgotten.
One of the noticeable things in bis garden is the great
size of his plants. They certainly grow to an astonish-
ing height, and in some cases almost lose the appear-
ance which elsewhere they possess. But this cuts
two ways — it may be either for good or for harm. I
never saw such magnificent specimens of Lilium cali-
fornicum and L. pardalinum as I found at Edge Hall,
and Lilium giganteum is here true to name beyond
all doubt ; so also Lilium Szovitzianum has a beautiful
head, and one stands still to admire it, so grand are
the proportions to which it attains. But there is a
reverse side to the picture as well. I noticed that
most atrocious of all my garden enemies— the most
ineradicable thing with which I am acquainted at all
—I refer to Hesperocordum lacteum — growing
here in a manner which would fill me with
dismay. In the South every little nodule of its

334

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[lEl'JI.MnF.R

iSS^.

long f;iscicled roots will live, so tha^ it never can be
got rid of. and it will soon take possession of any
border in which it may chance to be placed, but it
has the merit of keeping within bounds in point of
size. I cannot tell what I should do i( it increased in
magnitude with me as it does with Mr. WoUey Dod,
and also in quantity,

Mr. Dod says that in the course of the year he has
three great seasons of delight. The first is when the
Daffodils blow —

" That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty j "

the second is about the middle of June, when h s
elpineries are at their best ; the third, which may be
called a reign of Composites with him, was at the
time of my visit. The first I must leave to imagina-
tion, for I have never seen it ; but if countless labels
go for anything, and beds of Narcissi put here and
there wherever space can be found for them, have any
tale to tell, it is certain that the glories of March and
April must be fully illustrated in this garden, and one
of the most in fashion of all flowers just now is amply
attended to. Mr. Wolley Dod has had somewhat
to do with bringing the large Welsh Daffodil " Sir
Watkin " into notice ; it will no doubt be very fine
with him next spring. I was only sorry to find that
such undeniable beauties as N. triandrus, N. junci-
folius. and others of great merit from Spain will not
put up with his climate. The alpine season, though,
perhaps, past its zenith, was far from being over
when I went to Cheshire. The most interesting
plants nestled in little pockets which had been care-
fully made for them. That alpine of alpines — I mean
Phyteuma comosum — had just done exceedingly well ;
Haberlea rhodopensis was completely established ;
Campanula Waldsteiniana attracted me at once,
Onosma taurica was very prettily in bloom, Androsace
lanuginosa is very well grown indeed ; Cyananthus
lobatus is more happy, I think, at Edge Hall than
anywhere else ; Epilobium obcordatum is a delightful
little plant, and seemed to be strong ; Sedum pul-
chellum and S. Beyrichianum quite deserve a passing
word, Dianthus alpinus and D. neglectus were shining
like jewels on the rocks, and so were a host of other
things besides these, too numerous for mention.
Some few things I missed which cannot stand long
persistent rain, but one had to think about them so as
to call them to mind, and there was no sense of vacancy
at all. A IVaihicrer.

(TV ii continued.}

fHE pFJOPAQATOR.

The Propagation of Hardy Plants. — Eiilalia
japonica. — These cuttings should be made of the
medium growths of the plant, and the wood should
be quite ripe ; each cutting to be about 3 inches
long and cut off with a sharp knife. Dibble into the
case or frame, and press each cutting firmly in the
soil.

Eulalia japonica i}ariet;ata and E. zebrina. — It is
well to remember that in taking cuttings of variegated
plants a selection should be made of the best variegated
pieces on the mother plant. Take for cutlinjjs (he
s'rong well-finished-up growth. Dibble into the pit
in rows pieces 4 or 5 inches long, leaving ample room
for pii'-h cutting, which should be firmly pressed into

the soil.

Eurya laiifoUavariegata. — This beautirul plant is
best propagated from the side shoots : the wood must
be quite ripe and hard for the cuttings, which should
be 4 or 5 inches long. Dibble and press firmly into
the soil to the depth of \\ inch.

Eiirylna itkifolia. — Look for the ripest wood to be
had on the plant, and make into cuttings, 6 inches
long, and dibble into the soil 3 inches deep. Also
water them so as to settle the soil around them.

Gyticrium argcnleum and G. variegatum. — This is
a good time of the year for dividing up these and
other choice varieties of this plant. The best plan is
to shake all the soil off the roots, so that the gar-
dener may see exactly where to split up the pl.int.
Each piece must be potted up, and a stick, to which
the plant should be tied in three or four places, put to
support it. After well watering them, place in a cold
pit, where they should at this time be shaded from
the rays of the sun. It is necessary to sprinkle them
overhead night and morning until they make fresh
root, and each day a little air must be given them
fiotn the bacU of the frame. The soil most suitable

for potting is good turfy loam, and a small quantity of
peat and river sand. This treatment will also apply
to Arundo conspicua.

Lardizabala biternata, — In this case strong well-
ripened wood should be selected for the cuttings ; but,
contrary to the usual practic ;, a side cut should be
made I inch long, but only to the depth of the middle
of the stem, and then make a clean cut at the bottom.
Dibble in 3 inches into the soil, and press in firmly.

Lii^striwi japonicum and L. ovalifoliuin. — Cut
pieces off these plants with six or eight leaves on ; the
wood to be firm and the leaves to be removed from
the bottom of the stem, and the cuttings to be made
at the leaf-joint. Dibble in to the depth of 2 inches,
press firmly in and water them,

Mtitisia decurrens. — The best way of propagating
this plant is from the suckers taken off the plant when
they are 4 or 5 inches long. When taking them off
the plant care should be taken to remove a little of
the soil around the sucker, so as to enable the pro-
pagator to get as much of the bottom as possible. Pot
up in a little peat, loam and sand, tie each one to a
small stick, water them and place them in any quiet
corner of a cold airy house. They should be kept
watered.

Oka fragrans andO. ilicifolia, — Select good strong
pieces of 4 or 5 inches long, to be pul in as
cuttings. T. O'B.

FOJ^ESTFjY.

Reasons why Woods do not Pay. — In these
days, when landed property is ominously declining in
value, and the produce of the land, in this country at
least, still tending downwards in price, with little or
no prospect of ever again rising, at least so high as it
has been, it becomes the duty of any one interested
in the prosperity of their country, but especially
landed proprietors, whose means and substance are
vested in the soil, to ponder and consider well how
they can best and most profitably occupy the land.
It lies beyond the compass of this subject to show
the comparative and relative value of all the different
kinds of crop the land produces, as it only undertakes
to show that while forest trees are capable of being
made the most profitable crop the uncultivated soil
can produce, it yet remains a fact that cannot
be gainsaid, that in the majority of cases they
are the very reverse, and instead of being the best
paying crop they are emphatically the worst. After
making all due allowance for mythological prodigies
and boundless exaggerations about the value and
profitableness of woods and plantations, there still
remains abroad margin of incontestible facts sufHcient
to convince any who are open to conviction, and to
show that woods and plantations not only do pay,
but under certain conditions pay better than any other
crop the soil is capable of producing. That such
should be the result need not, after all, awaken any
surprise, when it is considered that land in its natural
state, even under the most favourable conditions,
requires a large amount of capital expended upon it
to make it suitable for agricultural purposes, whereas
for the successful and profitable growth of forest trees
comparatively little is required to be done. Clround
that has been trenched, furrow-drained, and in other
respects made suitable for agriculture, it would in
general be injudicious and unwise to plant with a
view to derive from it a greater profit, or even so
great as for agricultural purposes. It is not, however,
land suitably adapted for agriculture, and where a fair
rent is obtainable that trees as a crop are recom-
mended to pay better or even so well as for farming
purposes. It is not land suitably adapted for agri-
culture, much less land that has been under the
plough, that is commendable as a profitable subject
for planting. Such land, so far as the writer's expe-
rience has gone, has never proved profitable or
adapted for tree culture or for the growth of timber.
To many it might appear a very simple and easy
matter to adduce numerous subjects illustrative of
successful and profitable planting, but to those who
have made the subject one of practical research such
subjects are much more difficult to procure than might
be imagined. The writer from his own (by no means
circumscribed) personal acquaintance with wood-
lands only knows a comparatively few of what he
regards as proper examples, amongst which are or was
a part of a natural Scotch I'ine forest on the estate
of Rothiemurcus, in Strathspey ; a Scotch Pine

plantation of fine old timber at Castle Grant, in the
same valley ; a large area of natural Scotch Pine
timber on the Balmoral estate on Deeside ; two plan-
tations of mature old timber, one of them Scotch
Pine and the other Larch, situated on Novar estate,
in Ross-shire ; a large fine old Scotch timber planta-
tion on Gordon Castle estate, near Fochabers, in
Banffshire; a fine old Oak timber plantation on the
estate of Buckhurst Park, in Sussex ; an old fine
grown Scotch Pine plantation on Hartry estate, near
Jedburgh, in Roxburghshire ; a mixed Larch and
Oak plantation on the estate of Minto, in the above
county. The last I shall here refer to, is a Scotch
Pine old plantation at Beaufort Castle, Inverness-
shire. These, it is to be understood, are only adduced
as a few samples of what the writer regards as the
result of judicious and proper planting, and success-
ful at least to the extent of paying the proprietors
better very considerably than any other crop the
ground could possibly produce. There is a trite
saying, *' Exceptions prove the rule," quite applicable
here, for without such examples as those adduced it
could not certainly be known what results to look
for or expect from the planting, neither could it be
known except by experiment how such results are
obtained.

If only one case of truly successful tree planting
were known it would go far to establish the fact, and
encourage future efforts in the same direction, but
when so many have been adduced, it is certainly not
saying or claiming too much for forestry in repeating
the expressed conviction that, if properly attended to
at every stage, including that of planting, forestry would
be by far the most profitable department on the
landed estate of uncultivable ground.

The first step to be taken, whether in the direction
of success or failure, is that of planting, and to hear
many people speak on the subject it would appear to
be at once the simplest and easiest thing to do under
the sun. I one day overheard two foresters speaking
on this subject, when one of them exclaimed with an
air of self-complacency, "I am at least thoroughly
up in planting." The other replied, " If you can
plant well, you certainly lay the sure foundation of
future success." In planting, it is not enough to be
able to put a tree into the ground, and place it in the
most favourable position for growing. This is neces-
sary to be done, but it by no means constitutes the
whole, or even the most important part. Drain the
ground and analyse the soil, you say ; but neither are
these sufficient and unerring guides to successful
planting, for it is, or ought to be, well known, that
soils containing the same chemical properties produce
very different results in the growth of forest trees.

We have seen the soil on one side of a ravine iden-
tically the same (when analysed) as that on the
opposite side, and yet trees grew luxuriantly on the
one side, and all died on the other ; the different
results being caused by the soil on the one side being
hard, compact, and retentive, while that on the other
was loose, free, and open.

The primary and most important consideration in
regard to planting is to determine the species of tree
adapted to the soil, climate, and situation. When
this is done, other things corresponding, profitable
and satisfactory results may be looked for as the
reward. It need scarcely be said that in the case
of all those successful subjects referred to there was in
each case a thought of the tree to the soil, climate,
and situation, if not perfectly, at least so approxi-
mately that they respectively constitute a fair and
reliable data by which to be guided in all subse-
quent undertakings. Every farmer and gardener
knows to his experience thai success or failure, gain or
loss, fortune or ruin, depends almost entirely upon
the adaptation of the plant to the soil he cultivates.
What means that momentous clause in the lease.
Rotation of Cropping^ if it were not known by experi-
ence that so much depends upon it ?

We are all familiar with the cry for improved
varieties, whether of bulbs, roots, grains, grasses, or
live stock. Nor is the cry only one of sound, for the
writer can bear testimony to having at one time a
field under his charge, one-half of which was sown
with a Pea known in Sussex as the Sweet Jessie, and
the other half by what is known as the Partridge I'ca ;
the result was, that the former yielded mote than
double the quantity the latter did.

As with vegetables, grain, and grass of all kinds,
so with plants and forest trees, the latter forming no
exception ; but as the tree, instead of accomplishing
successfully its growth in one year, requires nearly a
century to do so, it must be self-evident that it should
be so planted as to soil, climate, and situation, that
its growth may continue uninterruptedly during that
period. C, Y, Michie^ Cuilen HoitSf, Scpicmi'cr I.
(To be continued.)

bEPTEMIiKR 15

iS8^.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

335

]pf^UIT3 -yNDEF} 'QLAgg.

Peaches ang Nectarines. — Root pruning and
lifliog is an operation of much utility in conr.eciion
with the culture of these fruits. Theieforc, any trees
that require it (which can be discerned either by their
exuberant growth, or the sickly colour of their foliage)
should be taken in hand iinmediatcly before the
foliage falls. Voung trees usually need to be dealt
with occasionally in this way in order to bring them
to a satisfactory state of bearing, and ought not to be
neglected. Before proceeding with the operation
ascertain that the border is moderately moist, then
make a trench at an equal distance from the tree to be
lifted and those adjoining it, and carefully and quickly
remove the soil in which the roots are embedded with
a steel fork, with great care. Having liberated the
roots, coil them back near the stem of the tree,
and after moistening cover them with wetted
mats, then if necessary rectify the drainage, and
replace some of the soil, making it thoroushly
firm by treading ; in the meantime shorten any of the
roots that require it, removing mutilated ends and
suckers with a sharp knife, and re-lay them in fresh
compost formed of strong calcareous loam and old
mortar rubble, which should have been previously
placed under cover as formerly directed, to insure its
being moderately dry when used. In arranging the
roots spread thera out regularly, but avoid keeping
them all on a level bed (which would necessitate
crowding), by bringing a portion of the smaller ones
well up immediately under the surface, so that their
fibres during the growing season may readily reach the
annu.il top-dressings and mulching material with benefit
to the trees. Once the operation is completed, mulch
the surface of the border with short manure, give
sufficient water to moisten it through, and for a few
days, until the trees have partially recovered the
shock, they should be guarded from violent draughts
of air and scorching rays of the sun, and be kept
moist with the syringe, care being taken that the
stems and branches are moistened as well as the
leaves. The early varieties in the latest house having
been gathered see that all wood not wanted for the
next crop is cleanly cut out of the trees, and let later
ones be similarly treated as the fruit is gathered, so
that the sun and air may mature the wood. Atten-
tion should likewise be paid to the foliage, keeping
it clean with the syringe, and to the watering of the
borders, while air sho'ild be freely let into the house.
Early houses should be kept as cool and as freely
ventilated as means will admit of, so that as perfect
rest as possible is afforded the trees. The weather
has been favourable for maturing the wood, and if
previous directions have been carried out there should
be no defect in that respect.

Melon's. — There is no question that theproductionof
very late Melons requires a greater amount of care and
watchfulness than that of any others, not excepting the
earliest crop, and perhaps for this reason the scarcity
of late compared with early fruits may be accounted
for. Notwithstanding that the flavour of those ripened
after September being generally defective it is not to
an extent — if pains be taken with their culture, and a
proper kind of structure is at command in which to
growthem — to cause them to beunworlhy of cultivation.
We find them an invaluable addition where a variety
of fruit is in demand for large dinner parties, and they
are always missed if not forthcoming. The greatest
cause for anxiety in connection with growing Melons
arises, as is well known, from their susceptibility to
canker, which is accelerated by a low temperature and
damp atmosphere, and late Melons are particularly
liable to become victims to it, because they are grown
during a season when the weather is generally of an
inclement nature ; no pains should, therefore, be
spared to ward off this disease, for should a plant be
now affected, there will be a difficulty in impeding its
progress, and the chances are the crop will not be
perfected. The best means to adopt are an adequate
degree of warmth, and as dry an atmosphere as is
consistent with health. The night temperature should
be kept up to 70°, with a corresponding increase
during the day, while air should be given at all
favourable times, and a little be admitted from the
front of the structure through the night, if it can be
so managed that it first comes in contact with the
warm pipes ; watering must be done with caution,
especially where the plants are grown over beds of

leaves and other material, and as the fruits ripen a
continual circulation of air should be kept up, and a
warm temperature be maintained by the aid of arti-
ficial heat accompanied with a dry atmosphere, (or
upon these conditions combined the quality of the
fruit depends.

Vines. — The Vines in the earliest house, which
is about to be closed, should by this date— par-
ticularly after such a favourable hot dry season —
have their wood, which should have been shortened
back as recommended, thoroughly ripened, with
the foliage at the point of falling. Being in
this condition they should be pruned before the
end of this month ; in doing so clean cuts should be
made, and one or two prominent buds be left on each
spur. The house should then be thoroughly cleansed
and painted, if necessary ; the rods should also be
properly cleansed in the first place, and the loose
bark should be removed : perhaps it may be well to
mention here that the old practice of severe scraping
is injurious, and should on no account be adopted.
Where red-spider and other insects have been
troublesome, however, means mu;! be taken for their
extermination, and for this purpose the rods should
be scrubbed twice — in the first place with soapy-
water, so that all the crevices may be moistened ; and,
secondly, before the rods have dried, with a solution
of Gishurst Compound, used in a warm state, which
must also be well worked into the |crevices of the
bark. Styptic should be applied to the wounds on
the spurs as a preventive of, bleeding, the rods be
tied in a horizontal position, and the internal border
top-dressed in the manner as was advised for outside
ones in the Calendar for August 16. Where Vines
which have had their crops gathered in successional
bouses are unsatisfactory, and the fault lies at the
roots, the process of lifting should be undertaken at
the time the foliage commences to mature, as was
directed for the early-house ; this is the only
satisfactory treatment in such cases, and notwith-
standing its proper execution necessitating care and
perseverance, it must be faced and carried out without
delay, and the borders be entirely removed and
replaced with those formed of suitable compost, if
such a measure is found essential. Late houses
should have their fruit quite ripe by the first week in
October ; this is important, not only that the fruit
may keep well, but also on account of the wood being
satisfactorily matured early, which is a necessary point
in connection with the prospect of the succeeding
crop. In cases where the Vines were started late and
the fruit is backward, every means possible should be
brought into practice that will assist in advancing it ;
the night temperature should be kept up by fire-heat
to between 65° and 70°, with a corresponding rise
during the day, accompanied with a constant circula-
tion of air, the ventilators being more or less opened
in accordance with the state of the weather, while a
moderately dry atmosphere must be maintained, and
any sublaterals that have extended much and unduly
crowd the trellis should be shortened in or be cut
away, so that the benefit of light and air may be fully
reaped. Thomas Coomlur, Hendrc Gardens, Mon-
viouth.

jianta and i\i\\ m\M\t.

EuLns.— If these are not yet ordered or purchased
from trustworthy sources, no time should be lost in
seeing to the same. In order to prolong the season
of the Hyacinth some of the earlier kinds should be
potted up without delay. The following are some
of the best for this early work, viz., of whites Grande
Vedette and Princess Beatrice. The former of these
is the white kind that is grown in such quantity by
the market growers. Of reds I'Ami du Ccpur is one
of the earliest ; Norma, a delicate waxy-pink, is quite
distinct and very good for early work. Of blues
lirande Vedette, of a delicate azure shade, and
Argus, a deep blue with a white eye, are good sorts.
For early use these single kinds will in most cases be
found to answer well as a succession to the early
Roman Hyacinth. Later sorts can be chosen with
ease from any descriptive catalogue to suit tastes and
requirements. Of the Polyanthus Narcissus note
should be taken of Bazelman major. We are well
aware that the bulbs of this kind are quoted at a
higher figure than others, but each spike is almost

worth two of any other sorts j this should, there-
fore be taken into consideration when making the
selection. The Daffodil section of Narcissus also
furnish excellent material for pot culture. Of these
the varieties of N. incomparabilis, N. poeticus ornatu^,
and N. billorus will all be found most useful. These
types should be extensively cultivated in pots, having
the valuable quality of remaining in good condition
for a long period, being also of easy culture and com-
paratively cheap in price they should become popular
pot bulbs, and all the more so now this genus has
come into favour. I'or indoor decoration they afford
a pleasing and distinct change from the ordinary
kinds of bulbous plants, and being afterwards useful
for planting in borders and shrubbery.

Of the single Tulips, Vermilion Brilliant is proving
itself one of the best of its colour for early forcing,
being much finer in its blooms than the Due vnn
Thols, and hardly any dearer in price. Raphael, a
double kind, of a rose colour, is also becoming a
popular sort. It should be borne in mind that the
imported clumps of SpirKa (Hoteia) japonica, are
invariably the best for early forcing, starting away
much more freely than home-grown stools. Of mis-
cellaneous bulbs and bulbous plants for pot culture
Gladiolus Colvillii alba (The Bride) is most useful,
doing well in small pots. The genus of HLvmanthus
also furnish a most attractive class of bulbs for the
stove, so does the distinct and pretty Urceolina pen-
dula (aurea). Triteleia uniflora also does well in pots
stood in a cool frame. The Lachenalias should be
grown by every one ; our stock was potted up early,
and is now pushing into new growth. After the
bulbs are potted up a surface dressing with cocoa-
fibre refuse will be better than allowing any ashes to
come into direct contact with the bulbs themselves.
Considerable discretion is needed in using ashes ;
those from the furnaces, if having had full exposure
for a lengthened period will be preferable to those
taken from ash-pits or heaps ; these latter are gener-
ally the receptacles for all manner of rubbish that is
injurious to vegetation. When potted-up and ready
for arranging together, choose a position that is dry.

Ca.mei.l1as. — Should any of the stock of these that
are pot-bound, or otherwise, need a shift, now is a very
good time to perform the operation. The growths
being hardened and the flower-buds showing them-
selves, no fear need be apprehended of growth being
induced at the expense of the bloom-buds. When in
good health it is surprising to see what fine plants can
be grown in comparatively sma41 pots, provided atten-
tion is given to the supply of water. It is not well,
however, to push this to the extreme, but to re-pot in
fair time before any weakness is apparent. See that
the old ball is well soaked with water previously to
this being done, and be careful also not to injure the
tender rootlets in re-potling. If posnble give a shift
with at least an inch of fresh soil around the old ball
and pot firmly, though not to the same extent as in
the case of Ericas and other Cape plants. We find ours
to succeed well in a mixture of nearly equal pans o(
peat that is tough and fibrous, and turfy loam,
adding a good quantity of silver-sand thereto, and
a few half-inch bones. If standing out-of-doors after
being re-potted, be careful to guard them against
the wind. We secure ours by stakes at once,
and thus save ourselves a lot of future trouble.
Any large plants that are turned out into an open
border and that need attention should also be seen to.
If they are not in a satisfactory state, the best way
will be to examine the drainage, renew the soil, and
re-pot at once, rather than allow the plants to go
through the winter in an uncertain condition. When
potting them take the opportunity of well cleansing the
plants of insects, access being possibly easier then than
afterwards. Slight dampings afterwards will be of
great service to the plants that have been lilted, and
shading also if much exposed to the sunshine.

Azaleas and all other hard-wooded greenhouse
plants should have full exposure to the sun for the
rest of their stay out-of-doors, which will not now be
long ; in fact, any newly-potted stock of this season
will be far better if brought under cover, should the
rains that are now doing us an amount of good in
other ways still continue. See that Chrysanthemums
are securely staked and tied ; their growths will now
be getting top-heavy, and are then easily broken down.
To avoid after- reflections, therefore, it will pay to
give them every necessary attention now. Keep
watch also after mildew, which will soon make rapid
headway if not checked as soon as observed. Pay
close attention as well to the watering ; if this is over-
looked, the lower foliage will soon show the effects of
the same, and need prematurely pulling oft", or else be
an unsightly object. Raines Hudson, Tin Gardens,
Gunnerslury Heme, Aeleii, \V,

336

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

Tuesday,

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

fSale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Monday, Sept. 15 1 Rooms.

I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms,
r Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sept. 16 \ Annual Sale of Greenhouse I'lants at Mr.
I B Mailer's Nursery, Lee, by Protheroe &
I Morris.

r Annual Trade Sale of Greenhouse Plants at
I Frascr's Nursery, Lea Bridge, by Pro-

WFnNFcnAV «;^nf TT j theroe & Morris

WEDNESDAY, Sept. I? \ j^,^ ^| ^^j,,^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ Stevens' Rooms

Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society's

Show (two days).

■ Annual Trade Sale of Greenhouse Plants at

Mr. j. Mailer's Nursery, Tottenham, by

Protheroe & Morris.

Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &

Morris' Rooms
Sale of Imported and Flowering Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms.
'Sale of Established and Semi-Established

Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Trade Sale of Greenhouse Plants at
Gregory & Evans' Nursery, Sidcup, by
_ Protheroe & Morris.
fSale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Saturday, Sept. 20 \ Morris' Rooms.

L Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

Thursday, Sept. 18

Sept. 19

IT is well known that certain cases have
been recorded in which the Agency of the
Pollen has been traced not only in the seedling
offspring generated in consequence of its appli-
cation, but actually in the mother plant itself.
Thus the fruit and even the seed-coats have
been known to be changed in character by the
contact of the pollen. Nor is this so singular as
at first seems. We are apt to overlook from its
very universality the fact that one of the first vis-
ible consequences of the action of the pollen is the
swelling of the ovary. True, this may and does
take place sometimes without any such contact,
but such cases are exceptional, and the rule is
as we have stated. The change, however, in
the fruit and seed-coats is most usually one of
increase in size merely. There are, however,
as we have remarked, cases in which the mother
plant is actually altered in character by the
influence of the pollen.

Mr. Laxton's experience in the case of Peas
was recorded in our columns in 1866, and his
results did but corroborate those of Mr. BER-
KELEY made some years earlier, and in which
the colour of the skin of the Pea was conclusively
shown to be modified according to the pollen
employed. Naudin recorded a case in which
the fruit of Chamserops humilis fertilised by the
pollen of the Date Palm, was intermediate in
character between the fruit of Chama^rops and
that of Phcenix. Numerous cases of a similar
character are cited in the eleventh chapter of
Darwin's Animals and Plants under Domes-
iicaiion. So far as we know, however, the case
of the Strawberry has not been noticed. In the
last volume of the Transactions of the American
Pomological Society we find some highly curious
and important observations relating to the in-
fluence of foreign pollen on the fruit (so-called)
of the Strawberry, and which we subjoin.

We should premise that in the United States
the flowers of the Strawberry are much more
frequently unisexual than they are with us ; and
next, that what is called the fruit in a popular
sense, is not really fruit in a botanical sense.
It is really the common stalk of the fruit
enormously dilated. It is, in fact, the thalamus
of the flower bearing the pips, which latter,
though usually considered to be seeds, are really
seed-cases or fruits. We must apologise for
dilating on such botanical rudiments as this,
but they require to be well grasped to appre-
ciate what follows, and which, it will be seen, is
not only of much physiological interest, but of
great practical importance. We reproduce the
discussion in the form in which we find it in
the work cited.

Mr. J. B. Rogers, of New Jersey.— This year the
Manchester Strawberry has surprised the growers
on account of the large size it has attained,
when planted near certain varieties as a fertiliser
for it. When first grown on Mr. BBattey's place,
where the flowers were fertilised with the Wil-
ton, it resembled the Wilson, and in many cases
only a close inspection could determine the dis-
tinction between the two. Last year many expert!

were fearful that there were two or more berries put
out under this name, as the colour of the fruit was
so variable. This year, however, has demonstrated
that size, shape, colour, and firmness is greatly
altered by the varieties near which it may be planted.
When the Wilson is used, the Manchester is small,
hard, not very productive — poor in all respects except
colour. Sharpless gives largest berries, although apt
to produce sports in shape of the Manchester, also
renders in most instances a more firm carrying berry.
Bidwell gives good results, in shape uniform, deeper
colour, variable as to firmness. Cumberland Triumph
gives a berry much like itself in all respects. Miner's
Prolific, as to results much the same as the Wilson.

This subject of the effect of the male plant upon
the fruit has been under observation by the memberi
of the New Jersey State Horticultural Society since
1S81. At the annual meeting held in February of
that year, Mr. C. W. Harrison asked if pistillate
varieties were less firm than perfect flowering
varieties ? He had found that Gypsey, fertilised by
Black Giant, partook of the nature of the latter.
Champion fertilised with Great American resembled
it. Their resemblance was very apparent in colour
and firmness of flesh. Pale berries fertilised with
dark ones, he was sure, would be improved in colour.
Mr. J. H. Hale had noticed that Crescent Seedlings
fertilised with Wilson's were firm enough to carry to
Boston, a distance of no miles, while those fertilised
with Charles Downing were too soft for that
purpose.

Mr. J. T. LovETT cited a garden in which some years
ago were Wilsons and French Seedling Strawberries,
and no difference could be detected in the looks of the
fruit. The flower of the Wilson was also improved.
The next year, 1S82, it was supposed that Glendale
and Sharpless planted side by side produced berries
on each row possessing characteristics of the other,
and where they had run close together it was still
more marked. In picking two or three quarts of the
Glendale, a large proportion would show characteristics
of the Sharpless.

Mr. Rogers. — Early in the summer of 1882, Mr.
HovEY having advanced the claim that the Man-
chester and Hovey seedlings were identical, a very
close scrutiny was had into the merits and charac-
teristics of the Manchester. Berries were found of
several shades of colour and sizes. Mr. HovEY after
a while abandoned the assertion that the two varie-
ties were identical, but not before the fact that
fertilised with different varieties seemed to produce
variable results as to colour had been notetl. The
Manchester was exhibited at the New York Horticul-
cultural Society exhibition this summer, raised by the
side of different varieties, clearly proved this asser-
tion, and this on the grounds of several persons, some
of whose places were 100 miles apart. Manchester
by the side of Cumberland Triumph gave the same
results this season in three cases, one in New Jersey
and two in Connecticut, and each widely separaledl
In a conversation with Mr. DuRAND on the fertili-
sation of varieties one with the other, and the effect
that it had in the form, shape, colour, and flavour of
the berry the first year, he said that there was no
doubt that certain varieties made much better berries
in all respects if planted near one another. This was
in respect to the difference observable in the Jersey
Queen when planted in close proximity to some varie-
ties. Last year the most magnificent crop ever seen
was on a bed where the Bidwell was near. The two
or three next the Bidwell were immense in size, good
colour, perfect berries, while in the same bed a few
rows near the Sharpless were much inferior and
smaller in size. This effect does not seem to be
confined to pistillate varieties only ; even hermaphro-
dites partake of the size, shape, colour, and flavour
one of the other. The present season in my experi-
mental beds Sharpless and Primo, set side by side in
the same row, blossomed about the same time. The
Primo partook of the shape of the Sharpless, which
were sports, in size two or three fold larger than
Primo by themselves ; colour lighter and softer than
on the other row. The rows from which the plants
both of the Sharpless and Primo were taken to set in
the row were turned about but not within the same
soil or 8 feet from one another, produced as to Sharp-
less the same general characteristics of berry as the
other. The Primo, however, had only the average
berries as to size, shape, and colour, whereas the Primo
fertilised with Sharpless were the largest speeimens
ever seen. A prominent nurseryman wishing to have
a sample of the Primo engraved for hit catalogue

declined the offer of taking such from a quart picked
from the plants near the Sharpless, giving as the
reason the public would be deceived from the size.
In this case the productiveness of the berry was very
much increased. From observation and experience
I believe that many of the contradictory reports had
from the new fruits in experimental beds arises from
the uncongenial neighbours planted near. In many
instances may not the result of a whole year's
labour be lost from the same cause ? I would
not have it inferred that I wish to give any
undue preference to the Manchester by these re-
marks, only that, like the Concord among the
Grapes, from certain causes taking a high place, and
giving a stimulus to Grape culture. So the Man-
chester possessing, as it would, since a marked prefer-
ence to certain varieties, as a fertiliser has, as it were,
opened a new field for experiment. When experi-
ments are made over a more extended field results
may vary. Only such a short time has elapsed since
the first observations were made that nothing conclu-
sive can be determined, only extended and thorough
experiments can fully demonstrate the value of this
subject.

Mr. J. T. LovETT of New Jersey.— The subject of
the effect of the pollen upon pistillate varieties of
Strawberries came up before our State Horticultural
Society some years ago, when it produced much dis-
cussion. It elicited the expression of several growers
of wide experience. Without an exception they testi-
fied that pollen from perfect flowered varieties not only
exerted an influence, but a most decided one, upon the
fruits of pistillate sorts, I have previously noted the
phenomenon, and set about the following spring a
series of experiments to ascertain to what extent the
influence of a pollen-bearing variety was transmitted
to pistillate ones through the fructification of the
flower. I was surprised to learn that it was so great
as to render it of a widely different character, almost
unrecognisable, transmitting not only thecolour of the
pollen-bearing variety, but the size, form, and texture
of fruit as well. I have experimented with Melons
also, and have found that the male element affected
the Melon as well as the seeds. I am aware of the
fact that the subject before the house is one
bearing upon vegetable physiology, but if the pol-
len fertilising the flower of a pistillate variety exerts
no influence upon the pulp of the Strawberry, why
plant pollen-bearing varieties near pistillate ones ? or,
in other words, why fertilise the blossoms of pistillate
varieties at all ? For analogy's sake I extended my
experiments to Melons, and found the influence of the
pollen-fertilising the blossoms equally potent in its
influence upon the flesh of the fruit. Seeds of musk-
Melons were placed by the side of Cucumbers, and
also in an isolated location. Those near the
Cucumbers partook of their character to an extent that
rendered them unpalatable, while those grown where
the blossoms were self-fertilised were excellent. I took
the precaution to have all the seed used in the experi'
ment taken from the same Melon.

X meni la

Mr. George Bentham. — It is with no sur-
prise, indeed, but with deep regret, that we have to
announce the death, in his eighty-fourth year, of the
veteran botanist, George Bentham, on September
10. As Secretary to the Horticultural Society many
years ago, as the devoted self-sacrificing President of
the Linnean Society for several years, as an inde-
fatigable observer and writer on botanical subjects,
particularly as the author, with the aid of Baron VON
Mueller, Q{\.\\t Flora Ausiraliensis, and in conjunc-
tion with Sir Joseph Hooker, of the Genera
Planlarum, Bentham will be long remembered not
only as one of the foremost botanists of his time, but
as one who, during a long life, has most particularly
helped on his fellow workers by his example, his books,
and by direct encouragement. The news reaches us at
too late a moment for us to attempt to give now any
sketch of his career : this must be left for a future
number ; silent veneration is the uppermost feeling
for the moment. As was most fitting, his old friend
and fellow-labourer Sir JOSEPH HooKER was present
at the deathbed

The Royal Horticultural Society.—

We are pleased to be able to state that the Report of
the National Apple Congress is in the press ; and
further, that steps are at length being taken to pub-
lish the voluminous records of the effects of the frost
of the two recent severe winters.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

337

The Thames Iron Bank Company. —

We are requested to state that Mr. R. S. Dunbar's
connection with the firm ceased on September 9.

Potatos. — All kinds of early Potatos are

being got up and stored under exceptionally favour-
able conditions, as where the sample, owing to the
drought, is smaller than usual, it is at least very
sound, and as the tops have so entirely decayed there
is none of that danger incidental to after-sickness, as
Mr. Jensen characterises it, which always follows if
the crops be lifted and stored whilst the haulm is
reeking with fungus-spores. All the later and still

found more largely in good table kinds than in indif-
ferent ones. Happily it is an evil that is only skin-
deep. Owing to the moderate nature of the crops of
earlier kinds resulting from the dry season such a fine
late variety as Magnum Bonum has been very largely
marketed, even though the tops be still green and
vigorous, but there is such a wonderful breadth of
this kind planted that it would seem as if all
the stocks could not be exhausted. Just now
Potatos have fallen in price, and are for many
of the growers rather too cheap, but it is antici-
pated that the demand will increase as the winter
approaches.

matter of a similar nature requires attention, and
that is the enclosure of the green spa'ces
along the roadsides. In various parts of the
country we may see symmetrical palings care-
fully placed along the very edge of the highway and
serving to enclose the greensward on either side to
add to the pleasure ground or park of some landed
proprietor. Even supposing it to be legal on bis
part, this is an instance of petty meanness of which
an English gentleman should be incapable. If a
proposal were made to plant Walnut or other fruit
trees along the the road sides, as is done in many
parts of the Continent, such people would be among

Fig. 64.— the flower garden at arundkl castle, (see p. 327.)

growing kinds remain a problem difficult to deal
with, because, though the tubers are of fair size, yet
they are very unripe, and the tops are still green and
vigorous. Should heavy rains fall super-tuberating
may follow, but so far, happily, this evil has not largely
displayed itself. As far as can be judged by what has
been seen, the coming exhibition season for Potatos
bids fair to be a remarkably good one, and at the
chief shows, especially those at the Crystal Palace
and South Kensington, in October next, unusually
good samples and extensive collections may be
looked for. Some growers whose soils are unusually
parched and dry complain of scale, but though that
disfigurement is a drawback to exhibition tubers it is
not so with kinds intended foi market, as it is a feature

The National Footpath Preservation

Society. — We are delighted to hear that a society
has been formed to resist the abolition and unneces-
sary diversion of footpaths. Of course, it is very nice
for the owner of a park to be able to close a footway
with the consent of his brothers on the bench at
Quarter Sessions, but it is not very nice for the people
at large, whose rights are ignored, to have to substi-
tute the hard highroad for the pleasant footway;
while so far as the coming generations are concerned
such a procedure is a positive breach of trust. It is
true that sometimes some sort of compensation is
given by the formation of a new and more commo-
dious road, but in many cases nothing can compen-
sate for the loss of these ancient footways, Another

the first to discourage the proposal on the ground of
the temptation it would offer to little boys to commit
petty larceny I The establishment of such a society
as that above-mentioned would prevent unseemly dis-
putes, and obviate the violent and illegal procedures
to which residents in the country are sometimes
driven to protect their rights. Mr. Allnutt of the
Estates Gazette Office, Fetter Lane, London, E.G.,
is acting as Hon, Secretary pro tern.

Organic Acids. — Some light has lately been

thrown upon the part played by organic acids in
plants. According to Dr. de Vries malic acid,
either free or in the form of malates, is one of the
principal vegetable acids causing turgidity in the ftuit

338

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13. 1884,

and stems of plants, and is one of the chief agents by
means of which potash is absorbed through the root.
Other organic acids possess similar powers. In young
organs they are found chiefly in combination with
salts of potash, and at a later period this alkali is
replaced by lime. Calcium oxalate, so often found
in barks, is regarded by S. Rauner as an excretory
product, since he found that it did not disappear from
the bark as the new shoots were put out, but was
constantly present at all times of the year. Herr
PfeI'FER has noticed that malic acid is the substance
which has the specific power of attracting the anther-
ozoids of Ferns and Selaginellas into the archegonium,
while cane sugar is the substance which attracts the
antherozoids of mosses. More than the normal
amount of these agents has, however, an opposite
effect, and repels the antherozoids. Journ, Mic, Soc,
iv., 412.

TUPA Feuillei.— It is much to be regretted

that the members of this genus are not more frequently
cultivated in gardens than they are at present. Ap-
parently through some misunderstanding they are
placed in the open border, and left there till killed
outright by frost and wet. If treated in the same
manner as Mexican Lobelias, and put in a frame, or
otherwise housed in a cool place in winter, the subject
of this note could not fail to give satisfaction, and
prove a handsome attractive bush with a subtropical
appearance. Whether planted by itself or in com-
bination with other herbaceous subjects, ample space
should be provided for its reception, as the great
stems which it throws up to the height of 5 or 8 feet
are abundantly clothed with ample stifiish grey foli-
age. The curious scarlet flowers are produced in long
racemes, terminating the stout unbranched stems. A
huge bush is flowering grandly in the herbaceous
ground at Kew. A plate appeared in the Bolanual
Magazine, t. 2550.

Crocus vallicola.— Flowering as it does

in August and September, before the short sunless
rainy days of our autumn beat everything to the
earth, this species merits a place in every garden for
its ornamental value. The flowers are comparatively
large, pale straw coloured or nearly white, with violet
lines, and two yellow spots on the basal half of each
segment, which terminates in a very characteristic
slender point. They are unattended by the leaves,
but borne well above the soil, which might readily
be carpeted for decorative purposes with Linaria
hepaticaifolia, Arenaria balearica, or other low-grow-
ing plant of like nature. Its flowering season being
contemporary with several species of Colchicum
might render it valuable as a contrast. The Trebi-
zond Alps in Asia Minor and the Caucasian moun-
tains are its native habitats. It has been flowering
for some time in the Kew collection.

Dasvlirion acrotrichum. — Botanically

this is a very aberrant Lilywort,. inasmuch as the
flowers are dioecious, and the ovary one-celled. Ilor-
ticulturally this plant is of some importance for the
decoration of greenhouses, or any cool structure.
Except the house is a large one, small or medium-
sized plants are most desirable, because most con-
venient and manageable in a mixed collection.
Plants well furnished with their spiny serrated leaves
have a graceful and relieving effect amongst foliage
plants of a heavier and more massive character. The
recognised number of species is eight, and the present
one is readily distinguished by a tuft of fibres termi-
nating each leaf, as the specific name implies. A
female specimen of great size has been flowering for
some time in the Succulent-house at Kew. The stately
flower-stem attains a height of some 7 or 8 feet above
the glass outside the house.

Nitrates in Plant.— M. Berthelot,

says the Pharniaceiiiical Jourtial, has lately studied
the cause of the presence of nitrates in plants, and
the part they play in vegetable physiology. In order
to ascertain these points several plants have been
analysed in various stages of growth, from the seed-
ling to the time of ripening of seed. His experiments
tend to establish the existence of a newly discovered
function of plant tissue, which is probably effected by
certain cells acting as a ferment and producing nitric
acid as the result of their action, in the same way that
cells of fruit play the part of yeast in developing
alcoholic fermentation. This function appears to be
correlative with the phenomena of oxidation and
reduction, which take place in the tissue scd in suc-

cessive conditions in the life of plants. He believes that
the presence of nitrates is universal in the vegetable
kingdom, and that the stem is the principal seat of
their production. The proportion present varies,
however, at different periods of vegetation : thus, in
the Potalc it may vary from hardly any to fifteen per
mille.

Argyreia Hookeri. — There is a general

sameness amongst a large number of the Bindweed
order, but this one stands forward conspicuously by
its large handsome foliage. The large funnel-shaped
purple flowers are borne in clusters in the axils of
the leaves, which are heart-shaped, and, as well as
the stems and petioles, often tinged with red on the
underside, obscuring the silky appearance of the
pubescence that originally suggested the generic name.
The twining stems are annual and very robust.
When these show signs of decay water should be
gradually withheld to dry and ripen the tuberous
rootstock. After this repotting should be done if
necessary, and the plant watered again when growth
recommences. It has been flowering for some time
in the Water Lily-house at Kew.

A Grove of Spruce Firs. — Away in a

rtmote portion of the woods adjoining Chalfont Park
there was planted many years ago a large number of
Spruce Firs to form cover. Nearly all were after-
wards partially laid, that they might have their
branches close to the ground. Fortunately two lines,
some 16 feet apart, were left standing, the trees in
the lines being some 18 feet apart, and the entire
grove or avenue — for such it really is — about 300
yards in length. The Firs are now some 40 to
50 feet in height, densely branched, but the lower
ones of necessity dead. The inner branches have
been removed, and now there is a tunnel-like grove
some 10 feet in height that is absolutely novel and
delightful. The ground is covered with the spines,
and walking is smooth and pleasant.

Rainfall. — How common, since the hot

weather broke up, has been the expression, " What a
nice rain we have had — will do lots of good ! " The
fall, perhaps, has amounted to the tenth part of an inch,
and has at the utmost just laid the dust in the roads, and
moistened the surface of the soil. Persons who make
this remark totally ignore the fact that we near Lon-
don have practically had no rain for nine months —
that really we havepassed through the driest spring and
summer combined within the memory of man, and
they imagine that the requirements of the surface of
the earth — now for some 2 feet in depth like a dry
sponge, ready to absorb any quantity of moisture —
can be met by a shower or two. Certainly it is
remarkable to find that trees of nearly all kinds, and
especially those which are not shallow rooters, have
stood the long season of drought so well, for except in
specially dry arid positions, both trees and shrubs
have suffered little. Fortunately, though only a
trifling quantity of rain fell before the close of the
month of August, yet that little, combined with a
cooler temperature, proved to be of exceeding value,
as the later hot days were straining vegetation of all
kinds to the utmost. One moot point for considera-
tion is, what sort of winter will follow ? — for an equi-
poise of some sort seems inevitable, and prevailing
opinion pronounces for a wet one. That, it need
hardly be said, will be a misfortune in all ways, either
for cultivators or for labour, but at least it may return
to the earth something of that moisture which nine
months of drought have abstracted, and something
more. A drippy autumn, without being absolutely a
wet one, will do much good, and if followed by some
frosty weather in midwinter, we might look then to
next year with considerable hope and reliance.

Protoplasm. — The continuity of Protoplasm

in the cells of plants is still attracting considerable at-
tention in botanical circles. An interesting article in
A'(3/»;c{June 16, p. 1 82) gives a n'i//w/of the history of
the subject from the year 1S37. llerr Kussow, who
maintains that in all plants during their entire life the
whole of the protoplasm is continuous, says the proto-
plasmic threads are seen well in I^hamnus, Fraxinus,
Humulus, Gentiana cruciata, and in the bark of
Prunus, Quercus, &c. Threads, however, which con-
tain no granules, but are transparent and homo-
geneous, are with difficulty rendered visible. His
method of examination is to lay the sections to be
examined in a solution of 0.2 per cent, of iodine and
1,64 pet cent, of potassiuiti iodine in concentrated

sulphuric acid. After removal the sections are
repeatedly washed, and then stained with aniline
blue ; in some cases they are previously stained wiih
picric acid. Mr. Gardiner, however, considers
that the sulphuric acid method is unsatisfactory, and
that the method of swelling with chloroiodide of zinc,
and of staining with picric-Hoffmann blue, is in every
way more advantageous, since little alteration of
structure takes place, and the staining with blue is
limited to the protoplasm [Journ, Mic, Soc, it. 405).

Tritonia aurea. — In a general way these

plants are grown in pots, but it is very seldom they are
to be seen in anything like the condition they may be
grown outdoors, as there they get no check, and are
free from red-spider, which, when the plants are
under glass, are almost sure to attack them, but with
the night dews, showers, and cooler air to which the
foliage is exposed in the open, these insects make no
headway even if they do put in an appearance. .\s
the Tritonia is not hardy it is necessary to plant in a
sheltered position, one of the best places being along
the front or end of a plant-house, where the wall gets
warmed from the pipes inside, as then there is no
danger from frost, especially if the border in which
the bulbs are planted is protected by having on its
surface a layer of cocoa-nut fibre or leaf-mould, both
of which are capital non-conductors, and keep out
the cold. Some years ago we started with a border
at the south end of a greenhouse, where we planted
our spare bulbs left over from potting, and though
we had only a few which we put close to the wall,
they have spread, and now form quite a mass nearly
a yard wide, and are so full of branching spikes
of flower that we could cut as many as any
one could carry away at once in their arms. Those
who would like to start with them in the same way
should prepare a border by digging it out 2 feet or so
deep, and either mix with the soil moved out a lot of
sand and leaf-mould, or put in some fresh having
plenty of these added, when the bulbs may be planted
about 3 inches deep. The best time to do this is in
spring, just before they start, when they may either
be turned out of the pots and put just as they are, or
shaken out and divided. Whichever is done, it is
advisable to scatter a handful of sand over each, as
then the rain passes freely away from the immediate
position of the roots and leaves them in a comfortable
condition instead of being wet and in danger from rot.
Once planted, Tritonia aurea is best left to itself ex-
cept affording the requisite protection during winter,
which may be afforded by a dressing of half decayed
leaves, a few inches of which will keep out all frost.
The thing with the plants, as with all of the same
character, is to allow the foliage to remain intact till
it ripens and dies off naturally, when it may be re-
moved, and the dressing given at once.

Belladonna Lilies.— Owing to the great

heat these have this year flowered earlier than usual,
and very fine they are, as with such clear weather
and dry nights, so different to what we get later in
the autumn, there is no fog or damp to injure the
blossoms, which are perfect in colour and finish.
Many seem to experience much difficulty in getting
this lovely Lily to flower, which arises from planting
it in the wrong place, as to get the bulbs to stand
safely through the winter they must have shelter and
warmth, and a sunny situation to ripen them, without
which bloom will be looked for in vain. The border
where ours are — and they are always fine — is along the
front wall of a greenhouse, facing south-east, and
running close on the inside are three hot-water pipes,
which warm the soil and keep out the frost, and enable
the plants in early spring to send up strong foliage.
To this we attach much importance, and to save its
being injured in its young tender stale we are always
careful to mulch heavily^with half-rotten leaver, and
to protect by slicking in a few evergreen branches,
which together break the cutting winds and ward
off the frosts. The way we prepared the border
was by digging out the earth a yard or so deep,
and draining the bottom, which we did by
placing a 6-inch layer of broken bricks thereon, and
these were then covered with half-rotten dung for the
double purpose of keeping the interstices open and
feeding the roots, which penetrate to a great depth
if the ground suits. The subsoil was wheeled away,
and only the top saved, which was mixed with sand
and leaf-mould to maintain it in an open condition,
and then returned to its place. This was done in the
autumn, when the bulbs were planted about 6 inches

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

339

deep, and covered in the ordinary manner, when Ihe
border had a coating of litter, which was left on for
the winter. In the following autumn we had a few
blooms, and every year after an increasing number
till the bulbs increased at such a rate that they began
to push each other out of the ground. Seeing this
there was no help for it but to take them up and
divide, which we did some time ago, and replanted
the strongest and best in the same place, where they
are now blooming as freely as ever. II Belladonna
Lilies are wanted for pots it is a good plan to have a
double lot planted along the front of stoves or any
hothouse having a southern aspect, as then one set of
plants may be taken up one year and the other the
following, which will give them a chance to get over
the moving.

National Rose Society.— We have been

kindly furnished with the following by the Hon.
Secretary ol the National Rose Society :—" In your
notice of the Yorkshire Floricultural Society some
time ago, you mentioned the probability of our Society
holding its promised meeting there next year ; we are
sorry to say that the negotiations have fallen through,
owing to their committee insisting on having a two
days* show. It was one of the reasons for establish-
ing our Society that two days' shows were to be con-
demned— they are, we believe, a fraud on the public ;
and any one who has seen Roses on the evening of a
one day's show will see how reasonable is our decision.
It is, moreover, unfair to exhibitors. Rose shows
come so thickly in the season, that hardly a day passes
on which our principal exhibitors have not to put in an
appearance somewhere ; but although this has been
represented to the committee, and they have been
shown that the one day's shows at Manchester, Shef-
field, Bath, and Salisbury, have always proved to be
fiaancial successes, they still persist in their determina-
tion, so that we are reluctantly compelled to abandon
the idea."

Carter's Grasshoppers versus Cross

Arrows. — A cricket match was played at " Lord's "
on Saturday last, in very unfavourable weather, and
ended in a draw. Up to the last over (6.30 — when
the light became very insufficient), the game was
decidedly in favour of Messrs. Carter's team, as the
score was 90 with only six wickets down.

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunihine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. S, 1S84, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has remained cool and unsettled, with
an unusually heavy rainfall in some parts of our
eastern and south-eastern counties. The temperature
has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit
ranging from 1° in *' England, N.K.," to 4° in "Ire-
land, N." The maxima, which were observed during
the earlier part of the week in most of the Wheat-
producing districts, and during the latter part in the
grazing districts, varied between 69" and 66^ in all
localities except " Scotland, N.," and " England,
N.W.," where respectively 'they were 65° and 64'.
The minima, which were recorded between the 4!h
and the 6th, ranged from 33° in " Ireland, S.," and
37** in Scotland, N." and *'E.," to 52" in the
Channel Islands, The rainfall has corresponded with
the average in "Scotland, N.," and "England,
S.W.," but in "Scotland, E.," Midland Counties,
"Ireland, S. ," and the Channel Islands there has
been a deficit, while in the remaining districts an
excess is shown. This excess was considerable in
" Ireland, N.," but still more so in " England, E.,"
where the amount was equal to four times its average.
Bright sunshine has been rather deficient, the per-
centage of possible duration varying from 24 per cent,
in "Ireland, N.," and 26 per cent, in "Scotland
N.," to 46 per cent, in the Channel Islands. De-
pressions observed ; — At the commencement of the
week areas of relatively high pressure lay over
Northern Europe and the South of France, while
shallow depressions existed over extreme N.W.
coasts, and the wind in our islands was therefore
S.W. and S. During Wednesday and Thursday,
however, a well-defined depression passed steadily
across the North of France, the Netherlands, and the
North Sea, so that the wind drew into N.W. and N.
for a time, and blew strongly, first on the Norfolk
and afterwards on the Scotch coast. On Saturday
morning this depression passed away to the north-
ward, but later in the day another disturbance
advanced in an E.N.E. direction across Ireland and
England, producing a fast westerly gale on our west
and southern coasts. By the close of the period this
had disappeared over the North Sea, and moderate
westerly breezes were reported in most parts of our
islands.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. J. Slack,

as Gardener to Col. Noel, EUton Hall, Newark,

Notts,

A BRITISH ASSOCIATE ON
HIS TRAVELS.

I SUPPOSE the foreign aspect of New York has
been a matter of comment to every Englishman who
has landed, and it struck me also with surprise. The
appearance of the "stores," the dresses of the women
and children, the style of horse and carriage, above
all the boulevardish look of the principal streets in
the evening, are much more French than English. In
the Central Park there are thousands of Oaks, Elms,
and Chestnuts, with Ailantus, Witch Hazels, Ame-
rican Maples, and others. The rose-coloured flowers
of Hibiscus syriacus greet you everywhere, and the
southern latitude is shown by the fire-flies (in the
American language, " lightning bugs "), glowing in the
grass and the bushes. The balconies of the houses,
and even the Stores, are gay with Caanas, Strelitzias,
and other semi-tropical things.

The valley of the Hudson does not give an English-
man an impression of high farming ; but perhaps that
is partly because most of the crops are already off' the
ground. Maize and Buckwheat are the most abun-
dant crops still left— a few Hop gardens, and of course
-\pple and Peach orchards. By-the-bye, the much-
maligned American Peach is a very good fruit, if
your expectations are not raised too high. You get
them everywhere at breakfast and dessert, together
with delicious Melons (to be eaten, if you please,
with a spoon — a great improvement on our English
method). Bananas, and "green corn," and in New
York the Sweet Potato. The chief botanical features
of the country are the brillant red spikes of drupes
of the Sumach, Rhus glabra, and the exquisite large
rose-coloured flowers of the Hibiscus moschatus in
the marshes.

Here (Catskill) we have a good specimen of a New
York country village, again far more French than
English in many of its ways. Close by are the Catskill
Mountains, one of the finest bits of scenery in the
Northern States. From the summit (about the height
of Helvellyn) is a magnificent view of the Hudson
valley and Massachusetts hills. Just below the summit
is a hotel, capable of accommodating more than 1000
guests ; and half-way up another more modest hostelry,
built on the spot where Rip van Winkle took his long
sleep. Although the hotels charge very high rates, the
farmers will take you in and feed you well for the very
moderate charge of six to eight dollars per week. The
flora of the Catskills is very interesting to an English-
man ; but if you want to know it you can get it from
any American Flora — Asa Gray, or Alphonso Wood.
One of the most interesting points is the mingling up
of the commonest English weeds, Daucus Carota,
Linaria vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Cnicus lanceo-
latus, Achillcea Millefolium, Plantago major, &c.,
with forms new and strange ; while in the neighbour-
hood of houses the English plants often reign with
undisputed supremacy. The Apple crop is said to
have been all but destroyed here by July frost.

The entire absence of singing birds is very striking ;
indeed, we have seen here but little animal life,
but have noticed a lovely grey squirrel, the American
robin, some beautiful yellow finches, a few gay butter-
flies, and crickets and grasshoppers innumerable.
At night the air is perfectly resonant with the
chirping and booming of crickets and tree-frogs.
To morrow for fresh woods and pastures new.

Rochesler, — The good city of Rochester was for-
merly known as the " Flour City," from the number
and size of its flour-mills, now as the "Flower City,"
from its flowery gardens and extensive nursery grounds.
It is only seventy years since the first house was built
on the site of Rochester, It has now a population of
100,000 ; its streets and shops are lit by the electric
light ; it boasts its picture-gallery and handsome
public buildings, and its observatory. Rochester is
built literally on the Genesee River, which flows
actually beneath some of its principal streets ; its
waters are utilised for its flour-mills and other fac-
tories immediately below the city, on the lofty
Genesee Falls, below which the river is navigable for
small steamers. Outside the city is the beautiful and
well-planted Hope Cemetery ; it is approached from
several sides byroads or "avenues " between hand-
some country residences, most of which present the
peculiarity that their gardens and well-trimmed lawns

are entirely open to the road without fence of any
kind, which adds greatly to the beauty of the roads,
but would not suit English exclusiveness and love of
privacy.

One of the principal objects of interest in Rochester
is Mr. James Vick's seed-growing establishment,
situated in East Avenue. The principal seed-house
is a brick structure, 50 by 150 feet, four storeys in
height. The firm deals in vegetable, flower and
grass seeds, flowering bulbs and plants, everlasting
and dried grasses, small fruits and hardy shrubs. The
first floor of the seed- house contains a printing-office,
book-binding, and machine shop, the machinery
being used in connection with the binding, and for
the manufacture of paper bags and boxes used in
packing the seeds, &c. On the next floor is the main
office, with large fire-proof and burglar-proof rooms,
express- room, post-office, and store-room for seeds for
immediate use. On the next floor is a large packing-
room, and the order-room, where the orders are
filled and directed to their destination. The upper
floor has rooms appropriated to the storage of ever-
lasting flowers and grasses, and to their manufacture
into bouquets and all kinds of floral ornaments ; also
rooms for the storage of tender bulbs, artists' and
engravers' rooms, and editorial office.

Most of the shipping is done between January i
and June I in each year ; in September, October, and
November there is a trade in bulbs and hardy plants.
The daily mail during the busy season averages about
1800 letters, the number sometimes rising to 3000.
The system for opening this large mail is very com-
plete. Every letter is registered on leaving the
room where it is opened. The orders are filled,
packed, wrapped, and addressed in the order-room
and each package undergoes strict scrutiny to ascer-
tain that it is properly filled and correctly directed
before passing it into the express office or post-office
on the premises. In the post-office the packages are
tied and weighed, the postage-stamps attached and
cancelled, and then distributed and packed in Go-
vernment sacks, which are sealed and sent direct to the
trains. Besides the mail shipments, large quantities
of packages are sent daily by the various express com-
panies, and as freight. About 40,000 dollars (^CSooo)
worth of postage-stamps are used yearly in this
business.

The Floral Guida (catalogue) is issued annually to
the extent of more than 200,000 copies ; \'ick's
IlluslraUd Monlhly Magazine^ a horticultural publi-
cation, with at least one coloured plate every month,
edited by Charles W. Seelye, circulates in all parts
of America.

In the same grounds as the seed-house are several
buildings for storage, &c., and a range of ten propa-
gating and greenhouses, and a large area of farming
ground. Over 100 acres of land are in cultivation,
producing seeds, bulbs, and various plants ; in other
parts of the ground are many thousand feet of glass.
Several acres of trial ground are devoted to the
testing of seeds and plants.

The specialities of culture of the firm are Phlox,
Verbena, Aster, Hollyhock and Zinnia seeds. Dahlias
(double and single), Tuberose bulbs, and Gladiolus
in very large quantities ; and in vegetable seeds.
Onions and Tomatos.

The founder of this establishment, Mr. James
Vick, an Englishman by birth, a native of Ports-
mouth, died about two years since. The business
is now conducted by his four sons, under the name
of the eldest, Mr. James Vick, the practical head of
the concern. A. IV. B.

Irish Statistics. — The official returns for last
year show that the acreage under Beans and Peas
was about the same as the previous year. Potatos
showed a decrease of 31,451 acres. Turnips an in-
crease of 12,729 acres. Mangel Wurzel and Beetroot
an increase of 1629 acres. Carrots, Parsnips, and
other green crops about the same as the previous year ;
Cabbage 1000 acres less — the totals being for
1S83 :-

Acre?.

Beaos and Pea<; iitt93

Potatos 805.467

Turnips 306,79?

Mangels and Beet 37.945

Carrots and Parsnips . . . . . . 39,866

Cabbag 13.393

1,205,660

The average produce per statute acre was : — Beans,
16.4 cwt. ; Feas, I2.I cwt. ; Potatos, 4.3 tons;
Turnips, 14 tons; Mangels and Beet, 13.9 tons ;
Cabbage, 9.5 tons,

340

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1SS4.

^atifcs of ^oohs.

Synoptical Flora of North America. By Asa

Gray, LL.D., &c. Vol. I. Part II. London :

Tiiibner.

Those interested in the botany of the United

States and Canada, including therefore a large

number of horticulturists, will be rejoiced to hear

that a second instalment of Dr. Asa Gray's Synoptical

Flora has just been issued.

The order of publication is peculiar, but justified by
valid reasons, and in itself a matter of little moment
in any but a few exceptional cases. In the year 187S
Dr. Gray issued a volume containing the systematic
description of all the North American Gamopetalre
after Compositse in the sequence adopted by Bentham
and Hooker. In this manner the volume in question
formed a sequel, so far as it went, to the imperfect
Flora of North America of Torrey and Gray, which
was brought to a standstill some forty years ago,
" Torrey and Gray " contained an account of the
Composites as then known, but it may readily be sur-
mised that the knowledge of the present year is far
more extensive than that of 1S43. Hence the present
volume, instead of carrying on the tale from the end of
the Gamopets, works backwards, and takes in the
Gamopetalous orders before Composites ; and, what is
of vast importance, includes a complete enumeration
of the Composites themselves, including all the Cana-
dian, all the Californian and Texan forms, in addition
to those of the Atlantic States.

The two volumes, or rather parts, of the Synoptical
Flora now published, thus contain a complete account
of all the Gamopetalous orders, in itself no small
contribution to a new Flora of the United States.
We do not find any indication what is to be the
future course — whether we are to look for the Poly-
petala;, or to the Apetalse and Monocots. In the
meantime, so far as the Polypetalse are concerned,
we have already Mr. Sereno Watson's invaluable
bibliographical index, a work the more useful from the
very scattered condition of the literature.

Adverting to the volume before us, we may describe
it as a large 8vo, full from cover to cover of descriptions
of plants drawn up in that concise, yet lucid manner for
which Dr. Gray has achieved so high a reputation. We
may be assured that while nothing irrelevant is in-
serted everything that is essential is included. Here
are no long disquisitions, morphological, physiological,
or philosophical, but just simply the stern realities of
facts. Of course the main interest centres in the
Composil:^. Of these 1610 species are described,
distributed through 237 genera. Fifty-nine of the
species are not considered to be genuine natives but
only naturalised. Among the genera in which cul-
tivators are more especially interested, of Solidago
seventy-eight species are described ; of Aster 124, of
Erigeron seventy-one, of Zinnias 6ve, of Helianthus
forty, of Co reopsis twenty-eight, of Artemisiaforty-two.
Aster, it may be some consolation to hear from Dr.
Gray, " is far the most difficult of out genera, both
for the settlement of the names of the species and for
their limitation, in respect to which little satisfaction
has been attained as the result of prolonged and re-
peated studies." If Dr. Gray deliberately writes
thus after his life-long experience and the opportunities
he has had in European gardens and herbaria, as well
as in his own country, we need not take it much to
heart if we ate so frequently unable to give a name
to the scraps sent by various correspondents at this
season of the year to be named.

Undet Helianthus tuberosus we find a brief state-
ment of Dt. Gray's views on the so-called "Jerusalem
Artichoke," concerning which, in spite of what has
been published, the old fables still circulate. H.
tuberosus, of which H. doronicoides is a synonym,
occurs wild in moist alluvial ground from Upper
Canada to Saskatchewan, and south to Arkansas
and the middle parts of Georgia. It was cul-
tivated by the Aborigines and the tubers deve-
loped." Dr. Gray mentions a dwarf vatiety with
the lower surface of the leaves covered with white
pubescence, as growing in Minnesota, Missouri, and
elsewhere. It would be desirable to introduce this
variety, and, indeed, any other that would contribute
to the amelioration of this vegetable. Considering
its productiveness, and the ease with which it may
be grown, it is singular that so little attempt has been
made to improve it. We gather from Dr. Gray that
the wild plant varies a good deal, and some of these

varieties might prove able to ripen seed in this
country — a very rare occurrence, and one which
doubtless has been the main reason for the little
progress that has been made with it.

Criticism of such a book from such an authority
would be impertinent ; the proof of its utility and
value will most assuredly be found in the frequency
with which it will be referred to, and the reader who
sees the care taken to assist him in his research, by
means of carefully devised sectional marks, and a
copious index, will hold the author in reverence, and
pray that he may be spared to continue and complete
a work, the value of which is beyond calculation.

The Plant-Lore and Garden Craft of Shake-
speare. (Simpkin, Marshall & Co.)

We rejoice to see a second, and in some respects
much improved, edition of this charming book, which
appeared first in the form of communications to the
Garden, Having already called attention to the
charms and merit of the book, there is little left for
us to say beyond this — that some errors have been cor-
rected, and some valuable additions made, embodying
the names of plants met with in various wfiters in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ; an index showing
in what plays particular species are mentioned, with
fitting references, and other means of facilitating
research, for which students of our great poet in
general, as well as philologists and gardeners in par-
ticular, will be thankful.

Incidentally we may allude to the term Caryo-
phyllus as applied to the Dianthus, from which our
Carnation (or Coronation— !.«., garland flower) is
derived. Canon Ellacombe writes that the name
Caryophyllus, or Nut-leaved, seems at first very
inappropriate for a grassy-leaved plant, but the name
was first given to the Indian Clove tree (Caryophyllus
aromaticus), and from it transferred to the Carnation
on account of its fine Clove-like scent.

What the precise application of KapuoipvXKoy by the
Greeks may have been we know not. Supposing it
to have really been applied to the well-known spice,
the form'of the club-shaped bud, or " Cloves," may
have suggested the name, while it may not be too
far-fetched to suggest that its application to the
Dianthus arose from the thick knots, or nodes
{Kapva), which are so characteristic of the Pinks. At
any rate this seems quite as reasonable as the alleged
relation of the name to the perfume of the spice, and
of the flower respectively.

J40JV1E ;pORREgPOp<DEJ^CE.

Rubus Chamsemorus. — Several of your corre-
spondents have been writing as if this plant were very
limited in its distribution, but Hooker in his British
Flora gives as its habitat high regions in England,
Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. In Scotland I have
found it on the Ochils, which at no point are 2500
feet high, and on the Breadalbane Mountains I have
seen it about half that elevation, so that it does not
seem that there should be great difficulty in growing
it in situations convenient for gathering the fruit. In
the fourth edition of Loudon's Encyclopivdia of
Gardening it is given among the fruits deserving
cultivation, the following being the remarks on it : —
*' ' In Scotland,' Neill observes, 'the fruit of the
Cloudberry is also called Roebuck berries, or Knot
berries, and they are perhaps the most grateful and
useful kind of fruit gathered by the Scots Highlanders.
On the sides and near the base of the mountains it
may be collected for several months in succession.
It is not cultivated without difficulty, and it seldom
yields its fruit in a garden. By raising from seed,
and again from the seed of plants so raised, and so on
for six or eight generations, perhaps at the same
time crossing the flowers with those of the Bramble or
Raspberry, in all probability this plant might become
a valuable accession to the kitchen garden. Its
berries are ripe in September. In Lapland and
Sweden its fruit is much prized, and used for a great
variety of purposes.'" I question if it would be worth
cultivation in a garden, but it might be well worth
introduction in waste places in the neighbourhood of
one, and in the higher parts of the country I could
point to not a few of such situations as seem suitable.
It seems to require abundant moisture, and to prefer
a peaty soil, although the latter is not necessary, as I
have seen it on the face of crags in moist crevices. In
Norway I have gathered it on the roadside, but no-
where unless moisture was abundant. Probably any

information as to its successful culture would interest
many of your readers ; and other particulars regarding
it would be welcome, to me at least. Why is it called
Cloudberry ? and did any one ever hear of it called by
that or any other English name except by a botanist ?
I have read that it is the badge of the clan Mac-
Farlane, but have no means of verifying this. In
Norway I always heard it called by a name pro-
nounced Miilier or Miiltihoer, the correct spelling of
which I do not know, and as the numerous English
tourists who are regaled with Miiltiboer accompanied
with cream are very curious to know more about it,
the next writer who attempts to give an account of
travels in Norway might do worse than give the
English or Latin equivalent of this and the other
edible berries which abound there under such names as
Ilensiboer, Bringeboer, Crackleenboer, Blauboer,
Blockboer, &c. He would at least have the merit of
contributing some original information, which is
more than can be said for most of the writers of tours
in that country. /. W. D.

Single Dahlias. — It seemed to be impossible that
any one, in looking over the single Dahlias shown
recently at the Crystal Palace, should not be forced
to the conclusion that the newer varieties are becoming
far too large to be pleasing subjects for floral decora-
tion. In the early days of the single forms, when we
had coccinea, lutea, Paragon, and one or two more,
they were small and neat, and could lay some claim
to elegance. As an inevitable result of raising seed-
lings they have become large, coarse, and inelegant.
This fact is becoming recognised, and they will soon
cease to be as attractive as they once were unless our
raisers will hark back to the beginning and content
themselves with the smaller flowers of that period.
It is a significant fact that out of the large number
of new single Dahlias shown at the Crystal Palace
not one was deemed worthy of a First-class Certi-
ficate of Merit. A stand of what are termed the
stellate section was set up by Mr. T. S. Ware, and
perhaps failed to attract the attention it deserved.
But it was a group of very pretty and varied small
flowered forms, just what single Dahlias should
be if they are to hold their own in the matter
of decorative usefulness. Mr. Ware's stand contained
Little Bob, deep crimson, with maroon lines, very
distinct and pleasing ; Freedom, bright deep crimson;
Elsie, clear orange-scarlet ; May Andrews, pale
orange-scarlet, with nicely formed broad petals ;
Bedding Gem, pale orange-scarlet, small and elegant ;
Ingomar, crimson, with pale bright purple tips ; Gus-
tave, pale yellow ; Pantaloon Improved, bright pale
rose, with basal side margins of maroon, and white
tips ; Magpie, in the same way, but with rather more
rounded petals ; and Merckii floribunda, a small
white-flowered form, Two others had a marked in-
dividuality of character, viz.: — Dahlia Zimpani, with
its rich shining maroon flowers, which can be found
in some of the seed lists under the name of Bidens
atrosanguinea ; and Galbraith, very pretty lilac-pink.
The question arises, will these two last do well in the
open air, under the same cultivation as that given to
the ordinary single Dahlias ? If so, then the
varieties named above will prove a most excellent
selection for cutiing. But to succeed with the
rich dark D. Zimpani, plants should be raised from
seeds every year. Mr. Ware states that it will not
grow in anything like satisfaction from propagated
plants, and it is best therefore to sow seeds in early
spring, which can be raised in an ordinary hotbed as
in the way of seeds of the common Dahlias. If any
one had compared the varieties forming this charming
group with the immense flowers of the varieties shown
in the classes for single Dahlias, they would have
seen how much the latter suffered by the contrast. If
it can be objected that the "stellate " Dahlias are not
robust enough to be so generally cullivaled as the
more vigorous growing types, then let Mr. Ware or
some one else turn his attention to raising small-
flowered types of a sulTicient strength of constitution
to flourish in ordinary gardens. It cannot be too
diflicult of attainment since adventurous raisers are
giving us Paragon Improved. It does not need
improvement. No one could contemplate the ex-
quisite flowers of this variety set up in the stand con-
tributed by Messrs. J. Lament tlv: Co., of Edinburgh,
and say it is capable of improvement. It is perfect
in itself, and one does not wonder that it kept a place
in catalogues some time after the double Dahlias
begun to be improved by the florists of half a century
ago. R. D.

yiv. Berberry's Early Peas. — In January last I
had three parcels of these Peas from the above gentle-
man, distinguished thus : — Number One Pea, Early
Bird, and Kenilworth Early. These were sown on
March 16, and the first gathering of Early Bird was
made June 3. It may be termed an early variety of
William I. For an early Pea it is a capital
cropper, the pods being well filled, and the flavour
everything to be wished. Its colour is grassy-green.
This Pea I can recommend as an improvement on
the well known William I., being dwarfer and
earlier by some four or five days. An accident

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

341

happening to the short row of number two, prevents
tne describing it accurately. Kenilworth Early I
look upon as the best cropping early Pea of my know-
ledge. Ahhough from one week to ten days later
than Early Bird, it forms an excellent succession to
to that kind. With me it grew 5J feet high, and the
pods literally hung from top to bottom. The colour
of the Peas is a shade lighter than that of Early Bird,
and it is of equal quality. If spared, I shall grow this
Pea extensively. A'. Gilbctty BurghUy,

Market Gooseberries. — As evidence of the great
popularity of one particular Gooseberry for market
culture, the Lancashire Lad, I met the other day
with a breadth of tine robust two-year-old plants
numbering 40,000, all grown by a market gardener,
either for his own planting or for sale amongst his
neighbours. Large a number as that was, I found in
another market garden close by quite as many more
young plants of the same kind, and was assured that
many thousands more were raised in the same neigh-
bourhood. How well this Gooseberry thrives was
evidenced in the splendid bushes, both young and old,
growing all around. Some of the breadths probably
could not be excelled in the kingdom, while the crops
produced by them are always large, and occasionally
enormous. The bushes endure a long time, and though
pruning is essential, it chiefly takes the form of
thinning, rather than spurring, as bushes hard pruned
too often suffer severely in the season of spring frosts.
I learn, too, that these vast breadths of young Goose-
beny bushes were priced according to quality, rang-
ing Irom 50/. to 100^. per 1000. The market growers
prefer planting good two-year stuff to older plants, as
establishing and forming stout heads quicker, and of
course being at the time less costly. Even in
standard fruit trees there is more favour shown to the
planting of maidens to more established ones, as
experience shows that the former eventually make the
more profitable trees, whilst the cost incurred in
laying down a big breadth of orchard is much less ?

B, r.

Early and Late Peas. — This season has indeed
been trying for most kinds of Peas. This season
when Early Sunrise and William I. were sown
at the same time side by side, the latter came in
eight days sooner than the former. Telephone came
out well ; still, its season was short. But so far as
my experience of Peas goes this season I must give
the palm to Watkins' Perpetual lor hardiness, free-
bearing, and good quality, and I never saw its equal
for long duration. Its yield is equal to three-fourths
of the pods when shelled, and it was in season for
two months with me. I find the plan of mulching
liberally a good one, and would recommend those
who have not tried it to do so, as one of the best
means of extending the bearing period, more particu-
larly in a dry season like the one we have just passed
through. Perhaps I may add that Watkins' Perpetual
is, so far as I have observed, a good medium or late
wrinkled marrow Pea, about 3^ feet high, with gene-
rally ten Peas in each pod, when well cultivated ; it is
very sugary in flavour, and the pods full almost to
bursting. I shall give this Pea the first place as
a main crop another season. I am not interested in
putting this Pea forward ; only from what I have
found as a grower for market it is a very trustworthy
sort. R. C. E. H,, Harlesion, Norfolk.

Violets and Wallflowers. — Though Londoners
are well accustomed to see large quantities of bunches
of these sweet-scented spring flowers at everyjstreet
corner when in season, and wayfarers on those high-
ways have admired the rich colouring and pleasant
perfume emitted from large piles of Wallflowers in
bunches sent into market, yet perchance few give
a thought to the very important industry the pro-
duction of [these two kinds of simple flowers repre-
sent. I was but the other day favoured with a
look through a 20-acre orchard full throughout above
with standard trees of Apples, Pears, and Plums, and
below solely with Wallflowers in the proportion of
about two-thirds, and the rest of V^iolets. Even this
large extent did not nearly represent the area this
one grower had of these under cultivation, for occu-
pying some 100 acres altogether, the greater por-
tion under fruit, it is most probable that nearly 40
acres altogether are devoted to these two kinds of
flowers alone. It is worthy of comment that whilst
vegetables will often become a drug in the market,
just as Runner Beans have been and Potatos are now,
and top fruits as often fail as succeed, yet that these
flowers not only always sell fairly well, but also
seldom, perhaps never fail. Grown beneath dense
overhanging trees where little else would thrive, they
are sheltered from fierce biting winds and frosts in
winter and burning sunshine in the summer. Then
the falling autumn leaves protect and nourish, and
early in the spring flowers come freely. Then comes
in a small army of women to gather and bunch them,
and as large a number find profitable employment
dispensing them to the public in our huge metropolis,
and other large towns and cities, B, T. D,

COTTAGERS' FLOWER SHOW

AT STRETFORD.

An interesting cottagers' flower show was recently
held in the Town Hall, Stretford. The pro-
moters of the exhibition were N[r. and Mrs. Rylands,
of Longford Hall, who also awarded prizes to the
successful competitors. The arranging of the plants
in the hall was under the superintendence of Mr.
Smith, head gardener at Longford, who must be com-
plimented upon the artistic manner in which the work
was carried out. In the middle of the room was a
large group of exotic and other plants from the con-
servatory of Mr. Rylands. In the centre of these a
fountain sent up sparkling water, which fell in gentle
showers upon Ferns, fiowers, and Ivy. On either
side of the room were the exhibits of the cottagers.
The specimens for the most part were very good, and
bore evidence of both skill and attention on the part
of the growers. Another interesting feature of
the show was the children's exhibits. These
were from children between six and four-
teen years, and consisted chiefly of Ferns,
Pelargoniums, Mignonette, and Musk. Mr. Bruce
Findlay, of the Manchester Botanical Gardens,
who acted as one of the judges, addressed the ex-
hibitors and visitors prior to the distribution of the
prizes. He congratulated the exhibitors upon the ex-
cellent exhibition they had brought together. Exhibi-
tions of that class could not but be beneficial to the
humbler classes of society. The subject of cottage
gardening was one pregnant with interest, and
had from time to time engaged the attention of
many eminent men. The late lamented Prince
Consort did all in his power to promote and encourage
it amongst the tenantry on the royal estates. The late
Lord Beaconslield used to speak about it to the cot-
tagers residing in his neighbourhood, and only a few
days ago Mr. Gladstone made a most interesting
speech on the subject, and expressed a wish that each
cottager could have a small plot of ground upon
which he could grow his vegetables and flowers.
Whatever related to [the improvement of the
soil and its profitable appropriation was of the
very highest importance. It was well known that
the agricultural labourers of the country had
not the same interest in the soil as they once
had. Every village and district of the country
readily afforded examples of patches of land having
been consolidated with a larger tract belonging to some
wealthy person in the neighbourhood. This, of course,
owing to a variety of causes, was inevitable. Still,
the decay of the cottar tenantry was an evil which had
been always insufficiently appreciated. There could
be no doubt whatever that, where practicable, it was
consistent with sound policy to let the English
labourer have a small share of the land. History
spoke loudly on this point, and traced the melancholy
fate of the most powerful empires and states in some
degree to the cutting off of every particle of the soil
from those who were closely attached to it. Various
schemes had been propounded having for their object
the improving o( the condition of the agricultural
labourer. Many of these seemed to be incompatible
with his capacities, whose powers were altogether
centred in the soil and in sowing and reaping its pro-
ducts. Some there were who had condemned the
allotment system as Utopian. Inconsiderate friends,
again, in talking and writing about it had pro-
nounced it to be the realisation in a great measure
of the state of perfect existence which poets
had sighed for, and that which would sooner or later
prevail. But poets as a rule were but ill qualified
judges of what was practically beneflcial, and in the
allotment system there was no poetry except that
which springs from hard work. If anything would
"possess the land " it was hard work. If anything
would deepen the green hue of our crops or cause
them to grow more luxuriantly it was the contents of
the manure tank judiciously applied. If white and
trim cottages were to rise in the wake of the indus-
trious, as they usually did, it would be difficult to
find a reason why they should not in the case of those
systematic workers who laboured in their own allot-
ments ; and it was mere folly to connect the results
with aught except the sweat of man's brow, and the
important accompaniments of forethought and skil-
ful management. Those who expected to see
every man enjoying himself " under his Vine
and Fig tree " were sadly mistaken. The allot-
ment system itself would throw out thousands
as unworthy to touch the soil which it had

appropriated to its most useful purposes. Vege-
tation was stirring either in a right or wrong
direction every hour of our life. Of what use, there-
fore, would sluggards prove in directing such a power,
or any people who hale work ? The scheme of allot-
ments [has been urged as an excellent means for the
relief of poverty, and as the best school for the rising
generation belonging to country labourers ; but in
semi-suburban districts like Stretford the scheme is
altogether impracticable. It is a subject which has
occupied the attention of almost every writer on
political economy. Various have been the opinions
expressed, both in and out of Parliament, respecting
the benefits to be derived by the poor man from these
allotments. Undoubtedly there would be different
degrees of success according to the systems adopted
by the respective landlords, as well as according to
the attention paid to them by both parties.

Mrs. Rylands afterwards distributed the prizes, and
a hearty vote of thanks was given to Mr. and Mrs.
Rylands for their kindness, to which Mr, Rylands
responded.

Royal Horticultural : Sept. 9.— The thousands
of unmistakable country people who crowded the
National Health Exhibition on this day must have
been delighted with the unexpected and beautiful
display of Dahlias provided so generously for their
delectation by our leading growers of this popular
flower. The announcement in these pages on Satur-
day last, that Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough,
would present on Tuesday, at South Kensington, a
big show of Dahlias, naturally excited emulation, and
as a result we found in the conservatory one of the
finest and most varied shows of Dahlias probably ever
seen in that building. Mr, Turner was himself to the
fore with a grand lot of show and fancy blooms,
singularly perfect, and naturally attracting much
attention. Amongst the show flowers such kinds as
Mrs. Gladstone, delicate soft flesh ; Lady Wimborne,
bright rosy pink ; Lord Chelmsford, crimson ; Mrs.
Jeffery, rich yellow ; Julia Wyatt, creamy white ;
John Standish, fine bright red ; Sunbeam, reddish-
buff; Condor, orange-buff; James Vick, maroon-
purple ; Jas. Stephen, orange-red ; Chris. Ridley,
scarlet ; and the Rev. J, Goodday, fine rich
crimsom- maroon, were amongst some of the most
noteworthy, and make a first-class selection. Of
fancy flowers there were Gaiety, and a reddish-
carmine sport from that charming kind ; Mrs.
Saunders, Miss Lily Large, Rev. J. B. Camm,
Professor Fawcett, Peacock, Charles Wyatt, and
Grand Sultan, all beautiful. Colours and mark-
ings in many of these fancy flowers are very
difficult clearly to describe. The only need to gratify
a taste for variety is found in more tipped flowers of
the style of Mrs. Saunders and Fanny Sturt. In
bouquet and single Dahlias Mr. Turner is ever strong,
and his style of setting them up is now generally
copied. Of the bouquet forms, singularly good were
Fair Helen, white tinged with lilac ; Hedwig Polwig,
orange-scarlet, white tip ; Nemesis, dark maroon,
tipped with white, very distinct and beautiful ; Isabel,
bright scarlet ; Lady Blanche, the best white ; Little
Duchess and the Khedive, deep crimson. Of singles,
very distinct and effective were Queen of Singles, rich
magenta, one of the very best ; Dorothy, white shaded
rosy peach ; Duchess of Westminster, one of the
purest whites ; Ellen Terry, rosy-flesh ; Scarlet De-
fiance, intense orange-scarlet ; and Acquisition,
crimson, with scarlet bars at the edges of the petals.
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., Salisbury, put
up a large number of grand show and fancy flowers,
including the very striking certificated fancy General
Gordon, and the novel and finely formed Mrs.
Langtry. Amongst large- flowered kinds were Prince
Bismarck, puce shot with purple, very fine ; Hugh
Austin, orange-scarlet, fancy ; George Barnes, rich
lilac, [striped crimson ; Frederick Smith, deep lilac
striped with purple ; Henry Glasscock, buff-crimson,
striped ; Fanny Sturt, red tipped white ; Flora Wyatt,
orange flaked red ; Senator, shaded purple ; and Mrs.
Gladstone were very striking and beautiful. These
bouquet forms included such finely formed kinds as
Gem, scarlet ; Darkness, nearly black ; Golden
Gem, yellow ; E. J. Jungker, fawn ; Peasant Girl, rosy-
crimson ; and Lady Blanche, white. Their singles
included a very beautiful selection in Victory, scarlet ;
Striata, crimson flaked ; Bertha, mauve ; Volunteer,
scarlet flaked ; Negress, maroon-crimson ; and
Mauve Queen. A large box of the scarlet and white

342

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1SS4.

Cactus Dahlias iatermixed was very effective. Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, well maintained the
growing reputation of their firm in association with
Dahlias, showing a fine and interesting collection,
including many first-rate show and fancy flowers. Of
these we would enumerate W. H. Williams, bright
scarlet, fine form ; James Cocker, crimson; J. W. Lord,
reddish-chestnut ; \V. Rawlings, maroon-purple ; Car-
dinal, scarlet ; Mrs. Dodds, delicate rose ; H. Glass-
cock, crimson-scarlet ; and of fancies, Mr. W.
Cannell, Grande Duchesse, Professor Fawcett, Her-
cules, and Lotly Eckford, as superb flowers. Singles
were here again a prominent feature, and effectively
set up, including Firefly, intense scarlet ; Golden
Gem, yellow ; Othello, deep crimson ; J. Douglas,
rosy purple ; ^'icloria, brilliant crimson-scarlet ; and
Queen of Singles. Of bouquet forms very elegant
were Louisa Richter, flesh ; Fire of Joy, scarlet ;
Favourite, deep crimson ; Professor Bergeat, rich
crimson ; Little Dear, white heavily flushed with
purple ; and Lady Blanche. The collection also in-
cluded some attractive forms of the Cactus Dahlia, a
very prominent one being Picta formosissima, red,
edged with scarlet ; Imperial Prince, loose form,
colour purplish-crimson ; and Cochineal, crimson-
scarlet ; also the green Dahlia, and many interesting
forms. Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex,
made a fine display, having show, bouquet, and single
Dahlias in great variety. Their singles were ex-
ceedingly attractive, and included Grandee, large,
a striking bluish-maroon fiower; Formosa, rich
scarlet, fine form ; Edith, fresh, threaded carmine ;
Mrs. R. S. Walker, primrose flaked red ; Fashion,
rosy-red, edged white ; and Mexicana, reddish-car-
mine. Messrs. Ware & Sons, Tottenham, had a
beautiful show of single flowers divided into the large
flowered and the small or stellata sections, the latter
being specially charming for bouquets. Of the former
this firm had very pleasing kinds in Lucy Ireland,
rosy-magenta, next to Queen of Singles, one of the
best of its colour ; Nellie Ware, crimson-magenta ;
Mrs. Castle, reddish-carmine ; Ellen Terry, pale
mauve -, Victor Strandberg, very rich scarlet ; and
Mrs. Bowman, rosy-lake. Messrs. Rawlings Bros.,
Romford, showed some good large-flowered Dahlias,
and Mr. J. Henshaw, Harpenden, had a collection of
very pleasing bouquet kinds, most of which have
been already mentioned above;

Floral Committee : Section ^.—Present : Dr.
Masters, in the chair; Messrs. Hill, O'Brien, Dominy,
H. Williams, Ballantine, Herbst, Fraser, and King-
horn.

The subjects brought before the section were,
Amasonia punicea, a verbenaceous shrub from Brazil,
with opposite oblong, serrate, deep-green glabrous
leaves, and long erect spikes of flowers, with ovate
lanceolate red persistent bracts, red 5-parted calyces,
and tubular cream-coloured corollas like those of a
Clerodendron, and with projecting curved stamens as
in that genus. A First-class Certificate was awarded
to Messrs. Veitch for this plant, which will probably
prove a handsome stove plant, particularly as the red
bracts remain on the shrub for several months.
Nephrolepis Bausei, exhibited by the same firm, is
alleged to be a form of N. pluma, with lanceolate,
bipinnate, erect fronds, I — 2 feet in height, yellowish-
green ; the pinnae are sickle-shaped, obtuse, narrow,
and serrulate.

Piper ornatum is a stove climber, with fleshy,
peltate, ovate acute leaves of a shining green colour,
marbled with cream-coloured variegation. Probably,
when more fully developed, its merits will be more
evident than now.

From Messrs. Carter & Co. came a Croton named
Bealei, with oblong acuminate leaves, yellow blotched
with red, but which in view of the large numbers of
forms as good or better failed to obtain an award.
F'rom Mr. W. Allan, gardener to Lord Suffield, came
fine samples of the white Lapageria, to which a
Cultural Commendation was adjudged.

Amaryllis Mrs. W. Lee, shown by Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams, obtained a First-class Certificate. The leaves
are erect with a central white stripe, the flowers in a
truss of five or six, funnel-shaped, whitish, with a
reddish-violet reticulation. It has the character of
being a constant bloomer. From Mr. King, of
Rowsham, came plants of Coleus Major Kitchener,
curiously spotted in the way of Harlequin and General
Gordon, a form with large leaves, partly reddish-lilac
partly yellow. From the same exhibitor came a series
of leaves of various forms of Coleus, to which a \ ote
of Thanks was awarded.

From Sir N. Rothschild's garden (Mr. Hill,
gr.) came a fine specimen of Cattleya gigas, with
the magenta coloured lip provided with two large
side blotches of yellow. To ;this very handsome
variety, previously certificated, a Cultural Commenda-
tion was adjudged.

Lieut. -Col. Deare sent a spike of Saccolabium
violaceum, while from the garden of Baron Schroder
(gr., Mr. Ballantine) came a tine example of the very
striking Aerides Lawrencia;, with very large waxy
flowers, the tips of the perianth segments tipped with
violet, and with a broad deep violet process in front of

the lip, just in front of the opening to the spur, atd
doubtless offering an attraction to insects by guiding
them to the stores of honey in the spur.

Floral Committee : Sec/ion 5.— Present : Shir-
ley Hibberd, Esq,, in the chair; W. Bealby, G. F.
Wilson, J. James, J. Child, H. Bennett, H. Turner,
H. Cannell, Geo. Duftield. A Vote of Thanks was
also awarded to the New Plant and Bulb Company of
Colchester for some pretty bunches of the flowers and
foliage of Montbrettacrocosmaefoliaaurea. Mr. Allen,
gr., Gunton Park, showed some very floriferous shoots
of Lapageria alba and L. rosea.

G. F. Wilson, Esq., Wisley and Weybridge, re-
ceived a \ote of Thanks for specimens of Lilium spe-
ciosum, grown in the open air, showing the high
tints these Lilies take on when so cultivated. Mr.
W. H. Counsell, Shenley Villa, Streatham, S.W.,
showed a good Lilium auratum carrying twenty-five
blooms, having been grown in a 48-sized pot. Messrs.
Cannell & Son were awarded a Vote of 'Thanks for a
stand of varied double Begonia blooms, that showed
well the advance this species is now making. A very
bright crimson single. flowered Begonia, named Total
Eclipse, came from the Swanley nurseries. A Vote
of Thanks was awarded Mr. Tibbies, Harlesden
Park Nurseries, for a new seedling Pelargonium,
named Queen of England. The colour was very
pure, and the form fairly good.

Two handsome plants of Ananassa sativa variegata,
bearing fruit, were shown by R. H. Alexander,
Giftord House, Roehampton. If this plant were
better known, it would take the place, for indoor
decorations, of Pandanus javanicus variegatus, and
P. Veitchii. It suffers much less than these from
cold, dust, and confined air,

Fri;it Committee. — Present : John Lee, Esq., in
the chair ; W. Paul, Jas. Smith, A. Howcroft, Geo.
Bunyard, A. Sutton, John Burnett, J. Roberts, Dr.
R. Hogg. — Amongst the few specimens of fruits
brought up for inspection was a good collection 01
Apples, fiifty-three sorts, and eight sorts of Pears, by
Messrs. Cheal and Sons, Crawley. These were of
nearly all seasons, and consequently were all not
equally matured, nor were they so highly coloured as
the bright character of the later summer months would
lead one to suppose would be the case. Their
certificated kind of Apple, Jacobs' Strawberry, is a
fruit above medium size, smooth, and of a crimson
and yellow colour.

Messrs. W. Paul cS: Son, Waltham Cross, had fifty-
six dishes of well-known kinds of Apples, of good
average quality. Mr. R. Gilbert, gr., Burghley,
Stamford, showed Andrew Barnack's Pride Apple, a
nice-looking Russet, and also a sample of his early
white Celery. Mr. Bennet, gr., The Deepdene,
showed a large culinary Apple named James Dewdney.
Mr. H. Ricketts, 2, Hawthorne Villas, Stroud,
showed some Lapstone-like seedling Potatos, now in
their fourth year. They were nam;d Gloucestershire
Hero — an unfortunate cognomen, seeing there is
another kind well known with almost the identical
name.

Some Melons were brought, but apparently there
was nothing amongst them worthy of special notice,
Mr. T. Bowie, Chillingham Castle Gardens, sent a
red Currant named Red Defiance, which was con-
sidered to be identical with Houghton Castle.

The awards made were —

First-Class Certificates.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, for Amasonia
punicea.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, for Nephrolepis
Bausei.

To Mr, B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, N., for
Amaryllis Mrs. W, Lee.

To Mr. Bealby, for Begonia Madame Crousse.

To Baron .Schroder (gr., Mr. Ballantine), The Dell,
Rgham, for Aerides Lawrenci^.

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, for Gladiolus
.Sir Francis Bolton.

To Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, for Gladiolus
Wm. Kelway.

To Messrs. Geo, Bunyard & Co,, Maidstone, for
Jacobs' Strawberry Apple.

To Messrs. Cannell & Son, Swanley, for Begonia
Octavia.

Crystal Palace Fruit and Dahlia Show.— The
fruit show was certainly a great success, whether looked
at from the point of quality as seen in the exhibits them-
selves, or in point of the numbers of dishes set up. The
quality of the Grapes of all kinds was quite up to the
average of what is seen at the best exhibitions in any
part of the kingdom. Peaches and Nectarines, pre-
sumably in the majority of instances from trees on open
walls bv their highly coloured and ripe appearance,
quite put to rout those weather prophets who had been
foretelling the utter end of Peach growing in the open
in England. No finer fruit in those classes could have
been seen in any land, fruits of Lord Palmerston, Late
and Walburton Admirable, Sea Eagle, Princess of Wales,
Belle Beauce being of a remarkable size. In Mr. T.

Rivers' lot of Nectarines, raised at Sawbridgeworth, was
seen a mosl instructive exhibit. These fruits, which
were exhibited in one dish of each kind (thirteen), and
being placed altogether, were very handy for purposes
of comparison. Several showed Pitraaston Orange
origin as one of the parents in the higher tints of yellow
and crimson, and a few seemed to point to Elruge in
the varnished look of their skin ; all were well grown
and of high colour, the largest being Goldoni. Hum-
boldt, Lord Napier. Pine-apple, Byron, Newton, Drj'den,
and Seedling No. 34. Some very fine examples of Pears
came from the same nurseries, amongst which were
noticed as being particularly fine for English fruit
Princess, Clapp's Favourite, Souvenir du Congres,
Madame Freyere. and Durondeau. Of Pine-apples not
many were shown, and nothing very large amongst
those.

Open Classics. — For the best collection of fruit of
not less than twenty-four dishes Mr. J. H, Goodacre,
gr. to the Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle, Derby,
was awarded the ist prize. The sorts were — Grapes :
Foster's Seedling, fine in bunch and berry, but lacking
the liquid golden tint ; good Black Hamburghs, and
Madresfield Court, and exceptionally fine Muscat of
Alexandria. Peaches ; Barrington and Prince of Wales.
Melons : Golden Gem and Bailey's Greenfiesh. Straw-
berries : the improved alpine variety, Les Quatre Saisons.
Plums : Jefferson and Pond's Seedling. Nectarines :
Victoria and Pitmaston Orange. Pear ; Bon Chretien.
Cherry : Morello, very good. Gooseberry ; Warring-
ton. Filberts, Currants, Figs, Apricots, two average
sized Pines, and some Apples. There being no
other competitor 2d and 3d prizes were unawarded.
In the competition for the best collection, to consist of
twelve dishes, there were four staged : ist, Mr. J.
Roberts, gr. to Baroness Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park,
Acton, W., his fruit being a good Queen Pine-apple,
Melons Golden Perfection and Wm. Tillery, the latter
a very fine fruit ; highly coloured Sea Eagle Peaches,
large Bon Chretien Pears, Humboldt Nectarine,
Madresfield Court Grapes, large in berry and bunch and
unexceptionally coloured ; Muscat of Alexandria, equally
good ; Jefferson Plums, Les Quatre Saisons Strawberry
and Morello Cherries. Very little removed in point of
merit was the collection set up by Mr. Blair, gr. to Sir
G. B. Middleton, Bart., Shrubhind Park, Needham
Market, which was awarded the 2d prize. In this were
an excellent Smooth Cayenne Pine, Royal Ascot Melon,
Bon Chretien Pears, some very large Granadilla fruits,
and Barrington Peaches. Mr. Goodacre was 3d, his
Peaches, Muscat of Alexandria, Morello Cherries, and
Bon Chretien Pears being very fine. Mr. Waterman,
gr. to A. Brassey, Esq., Preston Hall, Aylesford, like-
wise competed in this class. For the collection of eight
dishes, white and black Grapes being reckoned as distinct
varieties, the rst prize was taken by Mr, G. T. Miles,
gr., Wycombe Abbey Gardens, who had a fine fruit of a
Queen Pine-apple of the weight of 6 lb. 3 oz., but not
quite ripe, Pine-apple Nectarine, very superior Madres-
field Court Grapes, as were likewise the Muscat of Alex-
andria Grapes in his lot ; Stirling Castle Peaches. Brown
Turkey Figs and Hero of Lockinge Melon complete the
list, 2d, Mr. H. G. Oclee, gr., Bleckhng Hall, .'Vylsham,
in whose collection the Madresfield Court Grapes, Pit-
maston Orange Nectarines, Lord Palmerston Peach,
and Bon Chretien Pears, were of more than ordi-
nary merit. No. 3 prize was awarded for ten kinds of
Grapes, to consist of six black and four white. — The ist
prize was awarded to Mr. J. Roberts, whose sorts all
showed the highest marks of good culture. The sorts
were Gros Maroc, ot the usual irregular form in bunch,
and with immense berries : Alicante, large in berry, and
medium sized as to bunch ; Gros Colmar, a medium
sized bunch, but berries of a great size, and grandly
coloured: Black Hamburgh, Madresfield Court, very
large in bunch and berry ; Alnwick Seedling, Foster's
Seedling, very fine in every way ; Muscat of Alexandria.
Trebbiano, and Buckland Sweetwater. 2d, Mr. Wood-
bridge, gr., Sion Gardens, Brentford, in whose collection
the Muscat of Alexandria, Lady Downe's, and Foster's
Seedling Grapes were particularly fine examples, especi-
ally the first named kind ; Alnwick Seedling was also
observed to be in nice order. For the 3d prize the com-
petition failed. In the class for the best five kinds, two
of them being white Grapes. — ist, Mr. G. T. Miles, whose
Madresfield Court and Black Alicante varieties being
the best in the collection ; 2d, Mr. J. Hudson, gr. to
H. J. Atkinson, Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton.
This lot ran the ist very close indeed, the kinds Alnwick
Seedling. Madresfield Court, and Muscat of Alexandria
being particularly good samples. 3d, Mr. A. Smith, gr.
to W. H. Sewell, Esq., Warren Hill, Loughton, Essex.
The kind Gros Colmar was very fine in bunch and berry
in this lot. I'or the best three bunches of Black Ham-
burgh Grapes, isi, Mr. T. Moorhouse, gr, to 1. W.
Temple, Esq., Lcyswood, Groonibridge, Tunbridge
Wells, whose fruits were very superior in all respects ;
cd, Mr. J. Roberts, with bunches that were rather
smaller and less compact ; 3d. Mr. Frank Jordan, gr. to
Birket Foster, Est|., The liill, Witley, Godalming. For
the best three bunches of Muscat of Alexandria.— ist,
Mr. G. Middleton, gr. to R. Pilkington, Esq., Ramford
Hall. St. Helen's. These Grapes were the mosl admired
productions of the vinery to be seen in the show, for
bunches of a richer colour or more perfect in all points
have not been seen for a long period. 2d, Mr. J. Wood-
bridge, with examples good enough to please any one
who had not seen the winning bunches : 3d. Mr. J.
Hudson. For the best three blmches of Gros Colmar
Grapes. — ist, Mr. J. H. Goodacre, with massive bunches
of a splendid tint, and large of berry even for that kind.
This was the only dish put up in the cl.oss. For the
best three bunches of Madresfield Court variety. — ist,
Mr. J. Woodbridge ; 2d, Mr. F Jordan ; 3d, Mr. |.

I

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

343

H. Goodncre. all of ibe exhibited fruit being of capital
quUiiv. For the best three bunches of Alicante Grapes.
— ist.'Mr. W. Howe. gr. to H. Tail. Esq , Park Hill,
Slreatham Common, with broadly shouldered bunches of
tincly coloured big-berried Grapes ; 2d, Mr. H. Koikes, gr.
to T. F. Halsey, Esq., M.F.. Gaddesden Place, Heniel
Hempstead ; 3d, Mr. C. Forbes, gr. to E. Hird Foster,
Esq., Anstey Hall, Trumpington, Cambs. For the best
three bunches of any other white kind. — ist, Mr. J. Wood-
bridge, with Golden Champion ; 2d, Mr. H. Folkes,
with Golden Queen ; 3d, Mr. J. J. Lowry, gr. to |.
McAndrcw, Esq,, Belmont Hilli Hendon, with Foster's
Seedling. For the best three bunches of any sort of
black Grape. — ist. Mr. J. Hudson, wiih Alnwick Seed-
ling : 2d, Mr. T. Moorhoiisc, with Lady Downe's ; 3d,
Mr. W. Wills, florist, Earlswood, RodhiU. For the best
four dishes of Peaches.— ist, Mr. C. Haycock, gr. to
Roger Leigh. Esq., Barham Court, Maidstone, who had
very fine Walburton Admirable, Bellegarde, Lady
Palmerston. and Barrington. all of excellent colour,
excepting the first-named sort ; 2d, Mr. Oclee. whose
Desse Tardive was worthy of notice ; 3d. Mr. Thos.
Blair. For the best four dishes of Nectarines. — ist. Mr.
M. Hanagan. gr. to R. C. Naylor, Esq., Hooton Hall,
Chester, who had large highly coloured examples of
Boston. Pitmaston Orange. Pine-apple, and Rivers'
Orange ; 2d, Mr. H. G. Oclee ; 3d, Mr. C. Haycock.
For the best single dish of Peaches. — 1st, Mr. C. Haycock,
with Walburton Admirable, three fruits being finely
coloured and very large, the other three very pale ; 2d,
Mr. T. Blair, with Barrington ; 3d. Mr. A. Gibson, gr. to
T. F. Burnaby Atkins. Esq., Halstead Place, Sevenoaks.
For the best dish of Nectarines. — i^t, Mr. G. Holliday,
with Pine-apple ; 2d, Mr. G. T. Miles ; 3d, Mr. A. Gibson.
For a collection of six kinds of Peaches and six of Nec-
tarines, four fruits of each.— ist, Mr. J. Roberts ; 2d.
Mr. C. Haycock. Mr. J. H. Goodacre was ist for a
green-flesh Melon, and Mr. ]. Neighbour. Bickley Park,
Kent, was ist for a scarlet-fleshed Melon. Mr. Neigh-
bour was also placed ist for a collection of four distinct
kinds of red Plums, and ist for a collection of four dis-
tinct kinds of yellow or green Plums, and Mr. Goodacre
was ist for purple Plums, consisting of four dishes. For
two dishes ot Fig':, Mr. John Wallis, gr. to Rev. W.
Sneyd, Keele Hall, was ist, with Brown T'lu-key and
Brunswick varieties. For the best basket of black
Grapes, of not less than 12 lb. — ist. Mr. J. Hudson ; 2d.
^^^. \\'. Howe ; 3d, Mr. Waterman, gr. Preston Hall.
For the best basket of white Grapes. — ist, Mr. G.
Middleion ; 2d, Mr. C. J. Goldsmith, gr. to C. A.
Hoare, Esq., Kelsey Manor, Beckenham ; 3d, Mr. W.
Wallis. ^Ir. Haycock took the ist prize lor the best
collection of Apples, Mr. Waterman the 2d, and Messrs.
G. & 1- Lane, nurserymen, St. Mary's Cray, the 3d.
Mr. Haycock took the isl prize for a collection of Pears.
For three dishes of ripe Apples the ist prize was awarded
to Mr. Waterman ; 2d, ^tess^s. G. & J. Lane. Mr.
Waterman took ist for three dishes of ripe Pears.
Mr. Goodacre 2d, and Mr. J. Neighbour the 3d.
For the best collection of fruit competed for by fruiterers
the ist and only prize awarded went to Mr. Geo. H.
Wingfield, 37, Market Place. Brighton. An extra prize
was awarded to Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Leonardslee,
Crawley, for a collection of fruit, consisting of Apples,
Pears, Plums, Crabs, and a solitary sample of an
American Blackberry, which seemed to be a prolific
variety. Mr. J. Neighbour received an e.\tra prize for
a collection of Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, Apples,
Melons, Tomatos, &c. Messrs. Paul & Son. Cheshunt,
received a similar award for a large collection of Apples.
Mr. J. Walker, nurseryman, Thame, for some well-
grown Oranges and Lemons, a green Grape, and some
large variety of red Currant. Mr. Spinks, nurseryman,
Horley, had an extra prize for a collection of Melons,
as did Messrs, T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, for
Iheir collection of fruit.

Cut Flowers (Open). — Prizes were offered for a
collection of Gladiolus spikes, not less than thirty-six
varieties, which brought out some magnificent specimens
of these beautiful autumn flowers. As usual, Messrs.
Kelway & Son, of Langpori, put up a splendid collec-
tion of' 120 spikes, but they were not for competition ; if
they had been Messrs. Kelway would have been beaten by
a collection from Scotland, staged by Mr. Alex. E. Camp-
bell, of Cove Gardens, Gourock. Probably a better
collection was never seen in London. There were 120
spikes, exceedingly well set up ; and such spikes ! The
best of them were 26 inches in length, and had from ten
to twelve flowers open at one time ; a selection of the
best comprised De Mirbel, a fine rose, with ten open
flowers ; Sylvia, very fine ; Clemence had a spike
26 inches long ; Giganteus. richly coloured rose, with
twelve open flowers ; Camille, a splendid spike, a lilac
flamed and feathered dark lil?c ; Archduchess Maria
Christina; Anna, a tinted orange; Ambrose Verschaffelt,
a white ground flower ; Madame Desportes, Amalthea.
Horace Vernet, ver)' fine rich crimson ; Lafayette, a
distinct hybrid form, pale yellow, with crimson blotch
on the lip — it is of the G. purpureo-auratus type ;
Bicolore, red, with a distinct white blotch on the lip ;
Marechal Bazaine, light scarlet, white lip ; Penelope,
reddish-fawn ; Gloire de Fontainebleau, pale rosy-purple,
with a peculiar whitish suffusion ; Carnation, very fine.
In Messrs. Kelway 's non-compeiing collection were
some good seedlings, to one of which. Lord Wolseley.
fiery red, with deep lake centre, a First-class Certificate
was awarded. The other two competitors, Messrs.
Harkness & Son, Bedale. Yorkshire, who were 2d, and
Mr. W. Oa'es, gr., Wighill Park. Tadcaster, confined their
exhibits to thirty spikes only, but they both had good
spikes, though a long way after the ist prize lot. In
the amateurs' class for twelve Gladioli spikes Mr. W.
Gates gained the ist prize, and Mr. H. Cattley, of Bath,
the 2d. Quilled and French Asters were well sho\\ n by
Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son, of Chelmsford, Mr. Hooper,

of Bath, and Mr. Cattley. The first-named exhibitor,
who gained ist prizes in each of the sections, kept nearest
to the schedule in exhibiting the greatest number of
varieties, although Mr. Hooper's flowers, which were
placed 2d, were slightly better. Hollyhocks, exhibited
in the form of single blooms, were remarkably fine, the
blooms large, and in fine condition. In the open class
for twenty-four blooms Mr. G. Finlay, gr. to Mrs. May-
n.ard, East Leyton Hall, Darlington, was ist. a large
proportion being seedlings ; Messrs. Harkness & Sons
wtTc 2d. with well-grown flowers which had been slightly
injured in transit.

Mr. Finlay was the only exhibitor in the amateurs'
class, and gained the ist prize. Mr. James, of Castle
Nursery, Lower Norwood, was the only exhibitor of
stove, greenhouse, and hardy flowers in a cut state ; but
he had a really good collection, to which the isi prize
was awarded. Anthurium Andreanum, red and white
Lapageria, Saccotabiunis, the pretty pale blue Plum-
bago capensis were most conspicuous. Other cut flowers
comprised Pentas carnea, \'erbenas. and Zinnias ; but
they were very poor. Mnssrs. J. Laing -S; Co, of Forest
Hill, were the only exhibitors of a group of tuberous
Begonias, but it was such a group as only these well-
known growers of these flowers could produce, and
First-class Certificates were awarded to a selection of the
best new kinds. Jules Lequin, Goliath, Erecta su-
perba. and Emile Galle were the four selected (or
this honour. It was a good idea to offer prizes for
a group of early flowering Chrysanthemums (Chry-
sathemum indicum). Mr. N. Davis, of Cambervvell,
and Mr. W. Piercy, of Forest Hill were the only
competitors, and took the prizes in the order of their
names.

The miscellaneous groups of plants were an important
feature. At the entrance to the tent a fine collection of
Lilium auratum from Mr. Turner, of Slough, was con-
spicuous ; adjoining it was a miscellaneous collection of
plants from Messrs. Cutbush, of Highgate. In the
centre, Messrs. Cannell, of Swanley. had arranged a
group with excellent taste ; it contained cut flowers of
double Begonias, and some quite unique Dahlias, garden
varieties principally — Constance, a fine white kind which
is much valued ; Germania nova is the most distinct in
its deep rosy-lilac colour and peculiarly notched petals ;
Mr. Tait is really the white Cactus Dahlia ; Picta for-
mosissima is distinct and remarkable in its scarlet and
gold tints : Cochineal, crimson ; Mr. Miller, fancy,
tipped ; and the green flowered Dahlia is amusing in its
quaintness. Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, had a
collection of hardy flowers ; Messrs Paul, of Waltham
Cross, some fine Roses. Cut flowers, and a good col-
lection of plants came from Mr. James.

TitE Grand National Dahlia Show was held in
connection with this exhibition, and it was certainly
worthy of its name. The hot weather had been very
trying to the exhibitors in the Southern districts. The
flowers opened as if by magic when the weather was hot,
and those who had not a reserve of later-flowering plants
to fall back upon found the best of their flowers past on
the day of the show. Thrips were also very troublesome.
This tiresome pest could not be restrained even with
daily syringing the plants, and watering them freely.
Indomitable perseverence overcomes the most stubborn
obstacles, and thus the leading growers were enabled to
place their flowers in something like first-class form. The
trade classes were not so well filled as they ought to have
been, but the amateurs made up for it. Not less than nine
collections of twenty-four distinct blooms were staged of
the show varieties, while eight competitors came forward
to claim the prizes in the class for twelve distinct fancies.
There is always some little excitement when the best
show and fancy single blooms are being selected. There
was little difficulty in finding the best show Dahlia,
A splendid bloom of Mrs. Gladstone in Mr. Glascock's
collection had been noticed from the first, and it was
ultimately selected as the queen amongst them all ; while
General Gordon, a new variety, shown for the first time
by Messrs. Keynes, of Salisbur}^ was chosen as the best
fancy. Mrs. Gladstone was sent out last May by Mr.
Turner, and General Gordon wiU probably be sent out
next spring by Messrs. Keynes. Who can cay after this
that there is no room for improvement in the Dahlia ?
The most successful competitor was Mr. Turner, of the
Royal Nurseries, Slough. He gained the ist prize in the
class for forty-eight distinct show varieties (open), with a
very even lot of blooms of large size, and in fine condi-
tion ; they were the Rev. J. Goodday, Mrs. Glad-
stone, Lord Chelmsford. Constancy, Burgundy, Lady
Wimborne, Herbert Turner, John Wyatt. Ethel Britton,
WiUiam Rawlings. Mrs. Harris, Ruby Gem, Mrs. Tor-
man, James Stevens, Acme of Perfection, Alex. Cramond,
Goldfinder, Michael Saunders, Mrs. G. R. Jeffery.
Rosetta. Condor, Imperial, Hope. Flag of Truce. Seraph,
Lady Gladys Herbert, James Vick. John Standish, Julia
Wyatt, George Rawlings. Joseph Ashby. Muriel. Henry
Bond, James Service, Statesman, Hon. Mrs. P. Wynd-
ham. Champion RoUo, Henry Walton, Prince of Den-
mark, Mrs. Shirley Hibberd, Jas. Cocker, J. N. Keynes,
Cardinal, Royal Queen, SirG. Wolseley, Clara, Sunbeam,
and J. B. Service. Messrs. Keynes, of Salisbury, were
placed 2d with a really good collections, but the flowers
were not quite so even throughout, but it comprised some
really good new and distinct varieties, prominent among
them being Mrs. P. Wyndham, Mrs. Dodds, Clara,
Joseph Ashby, Mrs. Stancombe. James O'Brien, Wm.
Rawlings, Hon. Sydney Herbert, Mrs. Gladstone, &c.
The 3d prize was awarded to ^Ir. W. Boston, Manor
Farm Nurseries, Carthorpe, Bedale. Yorkshire. In the
class (open) for twenty-four blooms, distinct, there were
more competitors, and some really good blooms were
exhibited, especiaily in the exhibit which gained the
ist prize for Messrs. Saltmarsh, of Chelmsford. They
uad fine blooms of James Cocker, Henry Walton, Rosy
Morn, Mrs. S. Hibberd, Mr. George Harris, Mrs, Stan-

combe, Burgundy. Mrs. Harris, Constancy, Revival,
Earl Beaconsfield. Vice-President, Shirley Hibberd,
Lady Gladys Herbert, Samuel Plimsol, Mrs, Dodds,
Rev. J. Goodday, Ethel Britton, Hon. Mrs. P. Wynd-
ham. John Neville Keynes, John Wyatt, Royal Queen,
Sunbeam, .ind Helen McCJregor ; 2d, Messrs. Harkness
& Son, Bedale, Yorkshire ; 3d, Messrs. Paul & Son,
Cheshunt ; 4th, Messrs. Gilbert & Son, St. Margaret's
Nursery, Ipswich. In tlie class (open) lor twelve
blooms, distinct, there was also good competition. The
ist prize was awarded to Mr. Walker, of Thame, Oxon,
with blooms of good quality throughout. They were
Seraph, William Rawlings, Henry Walton, Champion
Rollo, Mrs. Shirley Hibberd, Joseph Ashby, Perfection
of I^rinioses, George Rawlings, Herbert Turner, fine
blush-white; J. Cocker. John Bcnnct, and Prince of
Denmark. 2d, Mr. T. Painter, of Smallwood, Stoke-on-
Trent ; Messrs. Rawlings, of Romford, were 3d ; Mr. G.
Humphries, of Kington Langley, Chippenham, 4th.
Fancy varieties were shown in capital condition ; Messrs.
Keynes staged the older varieties in fine form, and exhi-
bited tor the first time some fine new kinds. This firm
obtained the ist prize (open) for twenty-four varieties,
with well formed, even blooms of George Barnes, James
O'Brien, Maid of Athens, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Seed-
ling, Professor Fawcett, Monsieur Chauvicre, Fanny
Slurt, Miss Annie Melsome, Miss Lily Large, Duchess
of Albany, John Lamont, Gaiety (sport), John Forbes,
Mrs. N. Halls, Chorister, Frederick Smith, Parrot,
Flora Wyatt, Lottie Eckford, Alderman, Rebecca,
Gaiety, John Saunders. The seedling fancy in this
stand was afterwards named General Gordon , and
obtained the prize as the best fancy flower in the
show ; it is a perfectly formed flower, with a golden-
yellow ground, thickly striped with orange-red.
Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, was a good 2d — Florence
Stark and Annie Pritchard were fine blooms in this
stand ; Mr. W. Boston came in 3d. For twelve blooms,
distinct (open), there was a better competiton than for
the twenty-fours. Messrs. Saltmarsh again took the lead,
with Egyptian Prince (very fine), Wizard. Hercules,
Rev. J. B. M. Camm, John Lamont, Flag of Truce,
Rebecca, Oracle, Lady Antrobus, Richard Dean,
Galatea and Gaiety ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, Ches-
hunt ; 3d, Mr. Walker ; 4th, Messrs. Gilbert & Son.
In the amateurs' division the competition was very close,
some splendid blooms being exhibited. In the class for
twenty-four blooms, distinct, there were nine com-
petitors, and all the exhibits were worthy of prizes. The
ist was awarded to Mr. T. Hobbs, Lower Easton,
Bristol, with a fine collection of even and well-formed
blooms. They comprised a self from the Rev. J. B. M.
Camm, James Cocker, Henry Walton, Herbert
Turner, Mrs. Dods, Mrs. Stanscombe. Richard
Edmonds, Senator. Lord Chelmsford, Mrs. Shirley
Hibberd, J. B. Reid, Lady Golightly, James C.
Brien. C. E. Coope, Harrison Weir, Emily
Edwards, John Standish. Prince Bismarck, Miss
Cannell, Ethel Britton, James Vick. Hon. Mrs. P.
Wyndham ; Mr. Henry Glascock. Rye Street, Bishops
Stortford, was 2d ; Mr. R. Pettfield. Deddington,
Buckden, Hunts, was 3d ; and Mr. C. Hockley, Grenfield
House. Stokesly, was 4th. In the class for twelve show
varieties there was an equally good competition. Mr.
J. Tranter, Upper Assenden, Henley-on-Thames, gained
the highest position ; his blooms were equally good with
those shown in the other division. The varieties were
The Hon. Mrs. P. Wyndham. Clara. Henry Walker,
James Cocker, Hope, Mrs. Gladstone, William Raw-
lings, H. W. Ward, Goldfinder, Julia Wyatt, Joseph
Ashby, Ethel Britton. T. A. Hussey, Esq., Norton
Court. Taunton, was 2d ; Mr. J. Tunbridge, gr. to W,
Bott, Esq., Broomfield, Chelmsford, 3d; and Mr. W.
Steer, Eltham, Kent. 4th. For six blooms there was
also a good competition, but a slight falHng off was
evident in the quality of the blooms, Mr. A Painter,
Moreton Hall, near Congleton, Cheshire, was ist, with
John Henshaw, Henry Walton, Ethel Newcombe, Mrs.
Gladstone, and Clara. 2d, Mr. J. Harris, Eloomfield,
Chelmsford ; 3d, Mr. G. Tanner, Draycott, Cerne,
Chippenham; 4th, Mr. G. J. Moorcroft, Bo.xley Road,
Maidstone. Fancy varieties were also present in con-
siderable numbers ; eight competitors contested the
prizes for twelve blooms : the ist prize was awarded to
Mr. Henry Glasscock ; his blooms were Miss L. Large,
Henry Glasscock, Mrs. Saunders, Gaiety, Peacock, Miss
N. Halls, John Forbes, Mandarin, Flora Wyatt, Professor
Fawcett, and Egyptian Prince ; the 2d prize was awarded
to Mr. R. Pettfield ; the 3d to Mr. Geo. Boothroyde,
Woodville Hall, Dover ; 4th, Mr. J. Tranter. For six
blooms, Mr. T. Hobbs was ist, with Flora Wyatt, Pro-
fessor Fawcett, Lottie Eckford, Hercules, and John
Lamont ; 2d, Mr. J. Tunbridge, Broomfield, Chelmsford;
3d, Mr. J. Buss, Ewell, Surrey ; 4th, Mr. A. Painter,
Moreton Hall. The Veitch Memorial Trustees offered a
Veitch Memorial Medal, with its accompanying cash
prize, for the best collection of show and fancy varieties,
in the proportion of twelve blooms of the former to six
of the latter. This prize was well won by Mr. Glasscock,
with a splendid collection, the sorts being Imperial, Hon.
Mrs. Percy Wyndham, Rev, J. Goodday, Miss Cannell,
Shirley Hibberd, Countess of Ravensworth, Sir G. Wol-
seley, Prince of Denmark, Harrison Weir, Black Knight,
Flag of Truce ; the fancies were Barnaby Rudge,
Chorister, Professor Fawcett, Mrs. Saunders, Miss Lily
Lange, and Wizard. The pompon and single varieties
were included in the open classes. The pompons were
fine indeed, and the contest for the best twenty-four
bunches, not more than ten blooms in a bunch, was a
very close one : the ist prize was ultimately awarded to
Mr. Charles Turner, who set them up, as he always does,
remarkably well ; Messrs. Keynes were 2d, and Messrs.
RawUngs 3d. For twelve varieties, Mr. J. Henshaw, of
Harpenden, was ist, Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, 2d.
Mr, Douglas, of Ilford, 3d, Messrs. Smith, of West

344

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 18

Dulwich, 4th. For six varieties. Messrs. J. Burrell &
Co., Cambridge, were ist ; Mr. J. T. West, Cornwalls,
Brentford, 2d; Mr. John Walker, Thame, 0.\on, 3d; and
Messrs. Robert Veilch & Son, Exeter, 4th. Messrs.
Turner, Keynes, Cheal & Sons, Crawley, and Messrs.
Paul & Son, Cheahunt, were the prize-takers for twelve
bunches of single varieties ; while Messrs. Burrell & Co.,
Mr. Geo. Humphries, of Chippenham, Messrs. Robert
Veitch & Son, and Messrs. Gilbert & Son, took the
prizes for six bunches, in the order of their names.
Messrs. Lament & Son exhibited the best blooms in the
class for twelve bunches of single varieties, but were dis-
qualified, owing to their having more than ten flowers in
a bunch. Mr. T. S. Ware, of Tottenham, exhibited
some fine border Dahlias, also a stand of single kinds,
with small but very neat flowers. Messrs. Keynes,
besides the First-class Certificate for Gen. Gordon,
obtained one for Romeo, a buff coloured flower, flaked,
and striped crimson, of fine form. Also for show
Dahlia Mrs. Langtry, yellow ground tipped crimson, of
exquisite form,

Stratford-on-Avon Horticultural Show ;

Sipt. 2. — This exhibition took place in connection
with, and formed a part of, the annual exhibition of the
Warwickshire Agricultural Society. The latter occupied
a spacious piece of ground near the bridge which spans
the Avon, and the plants were arranged in a series of
tents set up in the grounds of Alveston Manor House,
adjoining to which access could be had from the show-
ground. The horticultural department was under the
direction of Mr. Arthur M. Cox, who acted as local
secretary, and a committee, and it must be stated to
their credit that the exhibits were arranged ready for the
judges before 11 o'clock. Plants, cut flowers, and
vegetables were well represented, tjut fruit somewhat
sparingly and indifferently, excepting culinary sorts.
As is usual on such occasions horticulture played
anything but a leading part, and at the dinner
presided over by the Lord-Lieutenant, Lord Leigh, it
was scarcely mentioned. The horticulturists certainly lost
considerably in importance in comparison with the agricul-
turist and his productions. He appeared to be tolerated
— nothing more.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— There was an
excellent display of plants in the first division, open to
all England, and it is a matter for regret that such fine
exhibits should have been crowded into a tent altogether
too small to show them off to anything like advantage —
Mr. Cypher's large plants in particular suffering in this
respect. But this renowned grower, who has had a very
successful season, had to lower his colours before a com-
petitor who engaged in the fight with fresh specimens
that had in all probability not been shown before this
season. Plants that have gone from show to show must
of necessity suffer somewhat, and this told against the
Cheltenham collection. The winner on this occasion
was Mr. Coysh, gr. to E. Wood, Esq., Newbold Revel,
Rugby. The class was for ten plants, five in flower and
five foliaged, and Mr. Coysh was placed ist with a group
even in size and fresh and bright in appearance, consist-
ing of a large and well flowered specimen of Lager-
stromia indica, covered with panicles of lovely flesh-
coloured blossoms ; a fine Bougainvillea glabra,
AUamanda Hendersoni, A. nobilis, and Ixora Wil-
liamsii ; a splendid Croton Weismanni, C. inter-
ruptus aureus, and C. variegatus ; a large Phoenix
dactylifera, and Cycas revoluta. Mr. Cypher came 2d,
with AUamanda nobilis, A. Hendersoni, Clerodendron
Balfourianum, Bougainvillea glabra, and a small Erica
Marnockiana, a huge Latania borbonica that spoilt the
symmetry of the collection, Kentia Fosteriana, a fine
Cycas revoluta, a splendid Croton angustifolius, and
C. majesticus. 3d, E. Humphries, Esq., Pershore
(Mr. R. Scott, gr. ). There was but one collection of six
plants, from J. B. Barbour, Esq., Leamington (Mr.
Hilden, gr.), which was awarded the ist prize. This
consisted of AUamanda Hendersoni, Dipladenia amabilis,
Lagerstrbmia indica, Rondeletia speciosa, Cleroden-
dron faltax, and C. Balfourianum. There was also a
class for three stove and greenhouse plants shown by
amateurs, Mr. J. Hill, of Stratford, being placed 1st,
and Mr. J. S. Tomkins, Shottery, 2d, but the plants
were small, though nicely grown and healthy.

Ornamental Foliaged Plants.— In the class for
six specimens Mr. Cypher was able to hold his own with
great ease. He staged excellent specimens of Cycas
revoluta, Latania borbonica, Croton Johannis, C. Evans-
ianus, in fine condition ; Dasylirion acrotrichum, and
Cordyline indivisa. 2d, Mr. Coysh. with Croton pec-
tinatus, C. Disraeli, and C. variegatus, Dsemonorops
fissus, and Phyllanthus nivosus. 3d, G. H. Nelson, Esq.,
Emscote House, Warwick (Mr. E. Moorhouse, gr.)

Groups of Plants.— Unfortunately this class did not
set forth a recognised space to be filled, and in such a
case bulk (other things being equal) must carry weight.
Mr. W.J. Butcher, nurseryman, Stratford-on-Avon, had
a nice arrangement of flowering plants, which was
very bright and effective, and the jst prize was awarded
to him. Messrs. Jones & Son, nurserymen. Shrewsbury,
had a group composed entirely of foliage plants, taste-
fully arranged, but it looked cold and unattractive in com-
parison with the other.

Ferns.— Here, with six specimens, F. W. Arkwright,
Esq., Warwick (Mr. T. West, gr.), was ist, staging
good examples of Adiantum formosum, A. tenerum, A.
cimealum. A. concinnum, A. trapeziforme, and a fine
Woodwardia radicans ; these were well grown, clean,
healthy specimens, and it must be said of Mr. West that
he promi.ses well to make his mark as an exhibitor of
plants in the near future. 2d, W. R. Mann, Esq.,
Leamington, who had nice specimens of Dicksonia an-

tarctica, Lomaria gibba, Adiantum decorum, A. Farley-
ense, Gymnogramma sulphurea. Mr. Coysh and Mr.
Moorhouse were awarded equal 3d prizes. In the
amateurs' class for three Ferns, Mr. [. Hill was ist, and
Mr. Tomkins 2d, both with neat plants.

COLEUS. — These were well shown, generally in pyra-
midal form, and the bright hues of the leaves attracted
much attention. Mr. W. R. Mann was ist, and Mr. C.
E. Flower, Stratford-on-Avon (Mr. Chaplin, gr.), 2d.

Miscellaneous Flowering Plants.— These con-
sisted of Fuchsias, which, it must be confessed, were
quite poor for the season of the year ; double and single
zonal Pelargoniums, Mr. West being ist in both classes,
with six specimens of each ; Mr. Coysh being 2d with
singles, and Mr. Mann with doubles ; some fairly good
specimens were also shown by amateurs. Begonias were
well shown in sixes by Messrs. Thos. Hewitt & Co.,
nurserymen, Solihull, who took the 1st prize, with speci-
mens that attracted much attention, fine varieties, admir-
ably grown and bloomed. Equal 2d prizes were awarded
to Messrs. Lott and West, one with well grown plants of
inferior varieties, the other with indifferently grown
plants of good varieties. Cockscombs and Mignonette
were fairly well shown. There were plenty of baskets of
plants arranged for effect, generally with more plants
than effect, the latter considered from an artistic point
of view. Plants for table decoration were also nicely
shown. Mr. Chaplin was ist, run very close by Messrs.
Jones & Son, who were 2d ; and Mr. F. Perkins, Lea-
mington, 3d. A remarkably good group of tuberous-
rooted Begonias was shown by Messrs. T. Hewitt & Co.,
Solihull, to which a special Certificate of Merit was
awarded.

Cut Flowers.— At this season of the year these are
certain to be a leading feature at a flower show. The
best twenty-four Roses, single blooms, came from Messrs.
S. Perkins & Sons, nurserymen, Coventry, whose best
flowers were Alfred Colomb, Prince Camille de Rohan,
Madame Victor Verdier, Prince Arthur, Niphetos,
Charles Lefebvre, A. K. Williams. Gloire de Dijon,
Black Prince, Louis van Houtte. Etienne Levet. Mare-
chal Niel. J. S. Mill, Madame Lambard. Alba rosea, and
White Baroness ; 2d, Mr. R. H. Vertegans, Chad Valley
Nursery, Edgbaston. Birmingham, whose leading flowers
were Mons. E. Y. Teas, Pierre Netting, Ferdinand de
Lesseps, Augtiste Rigotard, Due de Rohan, Reynolds
Hole, and Louis Dor^ ; 3d, Mr. F. Perkins, nur-
seryman, Leamington. Messrs. Perkins & Sons were also
1st with twelve varieties, having good blooms of Alfred
Colomb, Prince C. de Rohan, Madame Victor Verdier,
Prince Arthur, Niphetos, Charles Lefebvre, A. K. Wil-
liams, and Gloire de Dijon ; 2d, the Rev. F. L. Taylor,
Evesham (gr., Mr. R. Emms) ; 3d, Mr. F. Perkins. In
the amateurs' cliiss for six varieties the Rev. J. A. Wil-
liams, Alderminster. an amateur of some repute, was ist
with some excellent blooms ; Mr. J. S. Tomkins being
2d. Of cut flowers, of stove and greenhouse plants
there was an excellent display, Mr. F. Perkins being
placed 1st with admirable bunches of Begonia Fournieri,
AUamanda Hendersoni, Anthurium Andreanum, Begonia
Vesuvius, Ixora Williamsii, Lapageria rosea, Ixora am-
boinensis. Pelargonium Volonte Nationale, a beautiful
white decorative variety ; Abutilon Lemoinei, &c. ; 2d,
Mr. Coysh, with fine example."; of the rose and white
Lapagerias, Bomarea Garden, Pearl Tuberose, Ixora
coccinea superba, &c. ; 3d, Messrs. C. Kimberley &
Son, Coventry. Mr. F. Perkins was also 1st with twelve
bunches of herbaceous plants, prominent being Tritoma
grandiflora, Anemone japonica and its variety alba, the
white Everlasting Pea. and other good subjects, set up
in neat but showy bunches ; 2d. Messrs. Jones & Son.
Shrewsbury ; 3d, Mr. R. H. Vertegans, Edgbaston.

Of Dahlias there was a fairly good display. Some
were overgrown, and a few with defective centres. Mr.
R. H. Vertegans had the best twenty-four show varieties,
his leading flowers being Ethel Britton, Mr. Stanscombe,
George Smith, James Service, Flag of Truce, Prince of
Denmark, John Bennett, Mrs. Harris. John Wyatt. J.
B. Service, Wm. Rawlings, Wm. Dawkins, and Alma ;
2d, Mr. F. Brubury, Leamington, whose leading flowers
were Thomas White, Hon. Mr. P. Wyndham, Mul-
berry, James Vick, Burgundy, and J. B. Service ; 3d.
Messrs. C. Kimberley & Son. Coventry. Mr. Brubury
had the best twelve varieties, his leadmg flowers being
J. B. Service, Grand Sultan, Emily Edwards, George
Barnes, and Cardinal ; 2d, Mr. D. Shelswell, Banbury.
In the class for twelve fancy Dahlias the prizes were
withheld, duplicates being shown in some, and tipped
show Dahlias in others. Single Dahlias were well
shown, Mr. F. Perkins being 1st with fine bunches of the
following varieties among others : — Black Prince, White
Queen, Purple King, T. S. Ware, and Nora ; 2d, Mr. D.
D. Shelswell. The necessity for classes being definitely
stated was shown here. Some exhibitors had bunches,
others single blooms, evidently thinking that the same
rule applied to the single as to the show and fancy
Dahlias. Gladioli were well shown in fine spikes by
Messrs. C. Kimberley & Son, Coventry. Then there
were classes for cut trusses of Pelargoniums (zonal),
Verbenas, Asters, Zinnias, Marigolds, and Holyhocks.

Floral Decorations. — Handsome prizes were
offered by the ladies of Stratford-on-Avon and neigh-
bourhood for the best arranged dinner-table, completely
laid for twelve persons, to be shown under lamplight.
The result was that four tables were laid out in a darkened
tent lit up by paraffin lamps, some suspended, some
resting on the ground. The lighting was very indifferent —
it was neither light nor dark. The gloom hid the flowers
in great measure from view, and the smell was execrable.
The awards were made by a jury of ladies, who placed
Miss Alfrey, Alveston, ist ; Messrs. Jones & Son,

Shrewsbury, 2d ; Mr. J. Hill, Stratford-on-Avon, 3d ;
and Mr. F. Perkins, Leamington, 4th. It is not too much
to state that on the part of the practical horticulturists
there was an almost universal condemnation of the first
award ; the arrangement was neat and simple, but poor
and insignificant, and the eftect in a good lightwould have
been disappointing. Messrs. Jones & Son should have had
the premier award, their table was charmingly arranged :
the flowers employed admirable for the purpose. Had
the exhibition taken place in broad daylight, or in the full
flood of light from gas or candles, the result must have
been different. Let us hope this will be the last of such
exhibitions by means of paraffin. The best three stands
or vases came from Mr. Hopkins, who must be congra-
tulated on his charming work ; Messrs. Jones & Son
being 2d, and Mr. F. Perkins 3d. Messrs. Jones & Son
had the best single piece, Mr. Hopkins being 2d, both
very good. The best bride's bouquet came from Messrs.
Perkins & Son, Coventry ; Messrs. Jones & Son being
2d, and Mr. F. Perkins 3d. The Rev. J. A. WilUams
had the best basket of Roses, Mr. F. Perkins being 2d.
and Mr. Vertegans 3d. Of button-hole bouquets there
was a large array, and generally they were very good.
Messrs. Perkins & Son were ist. Mr. J. Cypher 2d. and
Messrs. C. Kimberley & Sons 3d. Special Certifi-
cates of Merit were awarded to the Cranston Seed
and Nursery Company, Hereford, for collections of
cut Roses, Gladioli and Clematis — a very fine lot
indeed ; and to Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough,
for a collection of cut blooms of Dahlias of fine quality,
among them an exquisite bloom of the new show
variety, Mrs. Gladstone, to which a First-class Certificate
of Merit was awarded. In Mr. Turner's stand were fine
examples of Burgundy, J. N. Keynes, Imperial, Julia
Wyatt, George Harris, Sunbeam, Prince of Denmark,
James O'Brien, and some bunches of charming bouquet
varieties.

Fruit.— This was undoubtedly the weak point in
the show, excepting in the Grape classes, where there
was a fairiy good representation of this popular
fruit. The best three bunches of black Grapes came
from E. Flower. Esq., Stratford-on-Avon (Mr. Mills, gr.),
who had a very fine Gros Colmar ; 2d, C. G. Leiroy,
Esq.. Wellesbourne, with Black Hamburgh. Mr. Mills
was also 1st in the white class, staging Muscat of
Alexandria ; Mrs. Haden, Stratford-on-Avon, being
2d, with the same. The Rev. B. Stannus had
the best single bunch of black, showing Alicante ;
Mr. Lefroy being 2d, with Black Hamburgh.
Mr. J. D. Barbour had the best six Peaches, staging very
fine Late Admirable ; the Rev. B. Stannus being 2d. with
Salway. Mr. Barbour also had the best six Nectarines,
staging Pitmaston Orange ; Mr. .Slade being 2d. Melons
were numerous enough, but nothing special among them.
Pears were fairiy well shown. Williams' Bon Chretien
being the leading variety. Plums were a good feature ;
evidently the crop proved a better one here than in some
other parts of the country. Mr. E. Humphries, of
Pershore. had the best three dishes of Plums,
staging excellent examples of Pond's Seedling.
Black Diamond, and Victoria ; Mr. J. D. Barbour
was 2d. with Emperor. Victoria, and Black Diamond.
Mr. Humphries was ist. with Emperor ; and Mr.
Slade 2d, with Victoria, in the single dishes. 'The
best collection of not less than six dishes of fruit came
from Mr. J. D. Barbour, and consisted of Black Ham-
burgh and Golden Hamburgh Grapes, Late Admirable
Peaches, Pitmaston Orange Nectarines. Victoria. Jeffer-
son's Orleans, Emperor, and Blue Imp^ratrice Plums ;
Figs, Mulberries, &c. Mr. Coysh was 2d, with Muscat
of Alexandria and Alicante Grapes, Figs, Plums, Nec-
tarines, &c. ; Mr. C. Hopkins and Mr. G. A. Everett
were placed equal 3d. There was a good display of Apples
of such sorts as Cornish Aromatic. Blenheim Orange.
New Hawthornden. Nelson's Glory. Gloria Mundi.
Kentish Fillbasket, Worcester Pearmain, and Borovitzky.
which appears to be much grown in Warwickshire.

Vegetables, — Of these there was a large, and. on
the whole, a very fine display. Mr. Coysh had the best
collection of twelve varieties, staging fine Autumn Giant
Cauliflower, International Potato, Giant Rocca Onion,
Ruby Tomato, Mushrooms, Intermediate Carrot, Celery,
Beet, Peas, 'Turnips, and Scarlet Runner Beans, of
excellent quality ; 2d. Messrs. C. Kimberley & Son ;
3d, Mr. Humphries. Mr. Hall. gr. to H. W. Alfred.
Esq., Alveston, had the best collection of six dishes of
Potatos, staging good the following :— Reading Russet,
Woodstock Kidney, Schoolmaster, Grampian. Royal
Ashleaf. and Cole's Favourite. 2d. Mr. T. Cull,
Alcester, with Vicar of Laleham, Magnum Bonum,
Reading Russet, Porter's Excelsior, Breadfruit, and
International. 3d, Mr. H. J. Banks. Warwick. The
best dish of kidney Potatos was International, shown by
Miss Percy ; and the same variety w.as awarded 2d prize
also. Reading Russet, shown by Mr. Banks, was the
best dish of round Potatos ; Mr, Shelswell being 2d,
with Schoolmaster. In the other vegetable classes
Turnips, Cauliflowers. Peas. Tomatos. Onions, &c.,
were numerous and good.

The judges of cottagers' vegetables seem to have
adopted the practice of cutting ail Potatos. and yellow-
fleshed ones appeared to go down before the white-fleshed
varieties. Coloured-skinned Potatos appeared alsotostand
but little chance against those with white skins, however
handsome they were. Fine dishes of Edgecole Purple
were left out in the cold. This is a system of judging
that cannot be justified on any common-sense ground,
while it is one calculated to admit of the prejudices of
judges having ample play. Furlhermore, it is certain to
operate in the direction of discountenancing the cultiva-
tion of certain varieties of Potatos, that competent com-
mittees in London award Fiist-class Certificates of Merit
to.

-

September 13, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

345

Brighton and Sussex Horticultural Show :

Sept. 3 and 4. — The thirty-second grand autumn show
of the above Society was held on the dates given. If the
plant classes were not so strongly represented as usual,
there was nothing to find fault with in the quahty of the
productions, which were of an excellent standard
throughout, the competition in several cases being very
close. The exhibits of fruit and cut flowers were in
every way firsi-class. The autumn exiiibition here has
always been noted for its excellent quality ot both, and
the present instance shows no departure from previous
shows ; indee i, in some few cases it would be hard to
surpass the productions brought forward. This was
notably so in the class for forty-eight cut Roses, three
blooms of each, Messrs. G. Paul cS: Son, of Cheshunt.
winning the ist prize with a grand lot of flowers, very
fresh, and of excellent colour. The boxes of cut flowers
from Mr, Gilbert, of Hastings, and Mr. Balchin, of
Brighton, would have held their own anywhere, each of
their twenty-four kinds being represented by the choicest
of stove and greenhouse flowers. In the fruit classes
Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury Park Gardens. Acton, VV..
was a strong exhibitor, standing in the somewhat unique
position of winner of the two £10 Silver Cups offered,
one for twelve kinds of fruit, and one for six kinds of
Grapes. His productions in either case wonld have been
hard to beat. Mr. Rilchin. of Brighton and Hassock's
Gate nurseries, decorated one of the rooms of the Royal
Pavilion entirely by productions of his own plants, not
for competition. He deserves the thanks of the Society
for this generous efibrt to render the exhibition as suc-
cessful as laid in his power. This collection consisted of
well-grown and suitable decorative plants adapted to the
object in view— of furnishing rooms for festive occasions.

PLANTS.—Reverting to the order of the schedule, the
first on the list is a class provided for a group of Ferns
arranged for effect. Only one collection was staged,
but that well deserved the ist prize which was awarded
to it. The groundwork chiefly consisted of Maiden-
hair varieties ; this was broken up by other kinds of
diverse form and habit, forming a very pleasing group,
shown by the Executors of the late Mr. W. Miles,
nurseryman, Brighton. J. Warren, Esq., Handcross
Park, won easily with six fine-foliage and six flowering
plants, being very strong in the former. His best plants
being Crolon Warreni, very fine in foUage and colour ;
C. interruptus, a huge plant ; C. Andreanus, also well
done ; Thrinax elegansand Latania borbonica were pro-
minent central plants ; Gleichenia rupestris glaucescens
completed the six. Ixora regina was a well flowered
bush, so also was Erica cerinthoides coronata. Mr.
Gilbert, of Hastings, was 2d in this class, having six
well grown flowering plants— Erica Austiniana, AUamanda
grandiflora, and Staiice Gilberlii being the best ; his ex-
amples of foliage plants wtre smaller than in the premier
collection. In the 3d prize lot, from Mr. Meachen,
gr. to J. Armstrong. Esq., Withdene. were three extra
good flowering plants ; these were AUamanda Hender-
soni, very profusely flowered ; Rondeletiaspeciosa major,
a large plant, well done ; and Erica Eueriana, very Iresh.
A Silver Cup, valued at five guineas, was offered for twelve
stove and greenhouse plants, six fine-foliage and six in
bloom, limited to 12-inch pots. This was won by J. Warren,
Esq., although Mr, Gilbert (followed him closely. The
exhibitors in this class evidently want time for preparation
under the restrictive conditions. Four competitors
entered for the prizes for the same number of plants, J.
Warren. Esq., being placed ist — Mr. jupp. gr. to
G. Doulion, Esq., Eastbourne, following. The best
plants in this class were Erica cerinthoides coronata, E.
mararaosa and Impatiens Sultani. Another five-guinea
Cup was offered in the county division for the best ar-
ranged group. This was won by Mr. Meachen with a
light arrangement, well broken up with suitable flowering
and foliage plants on a green ground. Lilies, Hyacin-
thus candicans. and Vallota purpurea were used with
good efiect ; the 2d award going to Mr. Turner, gr.
to Major Way. Wick Hall, for a very neat arrangement.
For a group of Ferns in the county division. Mr. Jupp
took the ist prize with a well-grown lot of plants.
Prizes were also offered and awarded to groups of
Coleus, of Begonias, and of Fuchsias respectively, but
improvement in arrangement was evident in nearly every
case. It is difficult, no doubt, to arrange each effec-
tively by themselves, and it is open to question whether
the combination of two or more suitable genera would
not be more appropriate. Some well-coloured Coleus
were shown by Mr. Martin, gr. to J. G, Langham, Esq.,
Eastbourne. Four variagated plants were finelyshown by
J. Warren, Esq., whose example of Croton angustifolius,
C Evansianus. Anihurium crystalUnura, and Pandanus
Veilchii left nothing to be desired. The prizes for Zonal
Pelargoniums in three classes were well contested, Mr.
Gilbert eventually winning the first position in each
with well known varieties — Candidissima plena, white ;
and Madame Leon Dalroy, soft pink, were the best
of the doubles, and Zuleika, magenta ; Mrs. Ward,
pink : Ellen, soft salmon, and Rev, Atkinson, deep
scarlet, the best of the singles. Plants for the decora-
tion of the dinner-table were shown in quantity. Mr.
Balchin winning for both twelve and six. His plants
were well selected, and of suitable size for the purpose.
Croton Johannis, C. majesticus, C. Queen Victoria,
Cocos Weddelliana, and Phcenix rupicola were among
the best. In two other collections, Eulalia japonica
variegala and Asparagus pluraosus nanus were well
shown.

Fruit.— In the fruit classes the chief features were the
competitiOH for the Cup for six kinds of Grapes, three
bunches of each. This, as previously noted, was won by
Mr. Roberts, with fine examples of Madresfield Court,
fine in berry and colour ; Alnwick SeedHng, and Black
Hamburgh, both alike good ; Buckland Sweetwater,
Foster's Seedling, and Muscat of Alexandria, being an

excellent trio of white kinds. The ad prize in this class
went to Mr. Chatfield, gr, to T. Holman. Esq. East
Hoathley, Sussex, in whose collection Buckland Sweet-
waterwas unusually well-finished and very large in bunch.
For the Cup offered for the collection of twelve dishes
Mr. Roberts had no one to dispute his claim as the
winner. His collection was, however, first-class in every
way, and particularly strong in Madresfield Court and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Golden Perfection and
Wm. Tillery Melons, Harrington and Prince of Wales
Peaches and Pine-apple Nectarines. In the Grape
classes there was abundant competition. For six
bunches of Muscats, Mr. Johnstone, gr. to Marchioness
of Camden, Bayham Abbey, was isl with well-coloured
samples, rather loose in the bunch but fine in
berry ; Mr. Goldsmith, gr. to C. A. Hoar, Esq., Kelsey
Manor. Beckcnham. taking 2d. with neat compact
bunches — Mr. Johnstone again winning for three
bunches of the same kind. For six bunches of Black
Hamburgh, Mr. Holston, gr. to R. W. Penny. Esq.,
Dyke Road, was ist with good samples, being beaten,
however, for three bunches of the same kind by Mr.
Warren, gr. to Mrs. Hankey, Balcombe Place. In
the county division three fine bunches of Buckland
Sweetwater beat the same number of Muscats ; the
former were shown by Mr. Chatfield. Melons were
shown in numbers, Mr. Deadman, gr. to Rev. D. Win-
ham, Western Street, Brighton, being ist with Hero of
Lockinge, from among eleven other Iruits, repeating
his success fn the county division with the same kind.
In the class for Peaches very large and fine I^te Ad-
mirable were shown for the ist prize by Mr. Walder, gr.
to J. Cornish, Esq. ; Mr. Balchin following closely with
Prmcess of Wales, beautiful in colour. For Nectarines,
Mr. Staples, Chipstead Place, Sevenoaks. was ist, with
good fruit of Pitmaston Orange, well coloured Williams'
Bon Chretien Pears were placed ist, being very fine
fruit, from Mr. Funnell, Southover. Lewes. Apples
were strongly shown in all classes provided for them.
For a collection of six varieties, Mr. Townshend, gr. to
Captain Thompson. Withdene. took ist place ; for a
single dish of dessert fruit, Mr. Staples, with Worcester
Pearmain. The best among the collections of Apples
were Mere de Miinage. Beauty of Kent, Lord Suffield,
Le Grenadier, Bedfordshire Foundling. Prince of
Prussia, Ribston Pippin, Royal Russet, Melon Apple,
and Warner's King. Fine dishes of New Hawthornden
were shown by Mr. Miller, of Steyning ; and Lady
Henniker, by Mr. Stevens, gr. to Sir H. Fletcher, Ham
Manor. Larger collections of thirty-two dishes, from
Mr. Balchin, and twenty from Mr. Miller, constituted an
interesting feature. Phmis were unusually fine, Mr.
Staples showing a beautiful dish of Jefferson in the open
class, and Mr, Johnstone the same kind in the county
division. Figs are always shown in grand condition at
this show ; on this occasion Mr. Butler, of Lancing,
took 1st in both divisions with very fine fruit of Mada-
gascar and Brown Turkey. Classes, too, were provided
for Green Gages and Mnrello Cherries, the exhibits of
which were very good. Tomatos. also, were shown in
capital condition, Mr. Johnstone taking ist with twelve
fruits resembling Hathaway 's Excelsior. The only
classes not represented were those for Pine-apples, other-
wise, with hardly an exception, the competition was very
keen, many most deserving exhibits receiving no award
at all.

Cut Flowers. — Numerous classes were provided in
this section, resulting in a good display in nearly every
case, Messrs. G. Paul & Son, Cheshunt. coming to the
front with forty-eight blooms of Dahlias (show), staging
an excellent collection of flowers, fine in quality and
size. For twenty-four kinds (fancy) Mr. Scale, Vine
Nursery, Sevenoaks, was ist. with a good selection,
whilst for twenty-four single Dahlias Messrs. Cheal, of
Crawley, staged a well varied assortment, and took
ist place with bunches of each kind neatly made up.
Six other classes for Dahlias were provided, and from
which the trade growers were excluded. The chief
winners in these classes were Mr. Boothroyde. gr. to H.
Coleman, Esq., Dover, who took two of the chief prizes
for show and fancy kinds ; Mr. Vincent, gr. to J. Hart,
Esq.. Keymer, taking two ist's also for singles and
fancies. Rev. R. C. Hales, Woodmancote. ist for
shows in the county division with fine blooms. Roses
were produced in considerable numbers in five classes,
the chief winners being Messrs. G. Paul & Son for
forty-eight varieties ; Mr. Balchin. for twenty-four
varieties ; Mr. Piper, Uckfield Nurseries, for twelve
varieties, trebles being required in each instance, For
single blooms of Tea or Noisette kinds Messrs. Paul
were again ist, being closely followed by Mr. Piper.
In the amateur classes Mr. Slaughter, of Steyning,
showed in his usual form, and took two ist prizes.
Space here forbids us to give names of the best
kinds in each class. For the same reason we defer
giving the names in the miscellaneous collections of
cut flowers, beyond saying Mr. Gilbert this time
succeeded in beating his old opponent, Mr. Balchin,
in the open class. Mr. Vincent, with Mr. Ford,
The Gardens. Leonardslee, Horsham, took the same
positions in the limited class. These boxes of
cut flowers were one of the chief features of the
show, and caused a great amount of attraction.
Herbaceous Phloxes were produced in good condition
by Mr. Staples and Mr. Balchin. the most striking kinds
being Apollon. Loihair, Coccinea superba, and The
Ghost. The classes allotted to floral arrangements and
designs brought out several extiibits of good quality.
For three stands of table decorations, Mrs. Gadd. Sel-
den Road. Worthing, took the ist, being followed by the
Executors of the late Mr. W. Miles ; both sets contained
excellent material in their composition, but less quantity
in either case would have produced a better result. For
one bridal and one ball-room bouquet, Mrs. Chard, The

Floral Depot. Clapham Junction, produced a well made
pair of useful size that took the ist place. With a single
stand (overdone with good material). Mr. Clark, Night-
ingale Lane, Balham. was ist. Prizes for a spray of
flowers for a lady's dress, brought out several arrange-
ments, nearly all of which were ol extra size, Mrs. Chard
winning with a pretty design of subdued colours. Button-
hole bouquets were a popular class, Mrs. Miller, of
Shoreham, taking 1st, with a set of six that were light
and pretty, also of a serviceable size. Wreaths were well
shown by Mr. Webber, Quarry Hill Nursery, Tonbridge,
Mr. Balchin, and Mr. Chard. The class for a fully laid
out table brought forth two competitors, Mr. Chard win-
ning with an arrangement that ought to have had a table
space at least one-third larger to show it off to advantage.
Near these productions Messrs. Cheal set up an interest-
ing collection of miscellaneous cut flowers, composed of
Roses, Dahlias, and herbaceous plants of good quality.
The rooms in the Royal Pavilion were lighted with the
electric light, producing a most pleasing effect, whilst in
the grounds and marquees oil and gas lamps were used
during each evening with a good result.

The Cryptogamic Society of Scotland held its
tenth annual conference at Kelso on the 3d, 4th. and
Sth inst., under the presidency of W. B. Boyd. Esq., of
Faldonside. There was a fair attendance of members,
and the Society had again the pleasure of welcoming Dr.
Flaxman Spurrell from Kent. After the transaction of
ordinary business, the President delivered his retiring
address, in which he gave a clear and exhaustive account
of the progress and results of botanical research in the
district from the earliest times. Additions to Mycoloi^ia
Scotica were laid upon the table. The following figures
will serve to show that Scottish mycologists have not
been idle in recent years. In 1879 (when Mycologia
Scotica was published) there were 2154 species recorded
for Scotland. During the last five years 891 species have
been added to the list, so that the species recorded for
Scotland now amount to 3045. Between the publication
of Cooke's Handbook in 1871, and the publi-
cation of Mycolo_^ia Scotica in 1879, 192 species were
recorded from Scotland as new to the British flora.
During the last five years 66 species have been
added, so that species new to the British flora re-
corded from Scotland now number 258. Between
the same dates — 1871 and 1879— 107 new species were
recorded for Scotland. During the last five years seven-
teen new species have been added, so that species from
Scotland new to the cryptogamic flora now number 124.
Several names were added to the membership of the
Society, which continues to extend its influence from
year to year.

The classic region of Kelso is too well known to
require description. Excursions were made to Bowmont
Forest, Stickhill. Springwood Park. The beauty of the
scenery and unclouded sunshine helped to mitigate the
disappointment which the absence of fungi created.
Owing to circumstances the meeting took place earlier
than was at first anticipated ; but it seems as if the year
were to prove a fruitless onefor the mycologist in Scotland.
With the exception of a few of the commoner fungi the
ground was absolutely barren. The same is the case at
Glamis, and the Rev. Dr. Keithsends a similar report from
the usually fruitful regions of Torres and Rothiemur-
chus. In some parts ol the west of Scotland, however,
the larger fungi are more abundant. The only fungus
worth recording is Agaricus areolatus, Kl. It was found
by the President at Faldonside on the day previous to
the meeting, and was again met with at Springwood
Park. It has not been gathered, so far as we are aware,
since it was discovered by Klotsch in the Botanic Gar-
den at Glasgow. The following mosses are worthy of
mention : — Pterogonium gracile, Hypnum crrista-castren-
sis. and Tortula papillosa. Lichenology proved the more
fruitful field, as the following species, identified by Dr.
Stirton, will serve to show : — Cladonia pungens, C. ma-
cilenta. Parnielia omphalodes, P. conspersa and f. isidi-
ata, P. incurva, Ramalina subfarinacea, Squamaria
crassa, Leccanora fuscala, L. ferruginea, Lecidea fu-
mosa, L. stellulata. Opegrapha atra, O. saxicola. Verru-
caria maura. It is also worthy of note that Physcia
aquila was met with about 20 miles from the sea shore,
to which it is usually confined.

It has not been definitely fixed whether the Society
will hold its next conference at Aberdeen or at Inverness.
Intimation will be given as soon as the place of meeting
has been finally determined. 'J . S.

Harpenden Horticultural : Au,^. 27. — The
managers of this excellent Society, whch is annually growing
in importance, are to be condoled upon the fact that their
sixth annual show fell upon the first day of the breaking
up of the late briUiant weather, for notwithstanding the
severe strain to which most horticultural and floricultural
productions have been put during the hot scorching days
of the past three weeks, a better lot of stuff, taking the
show as a whole, could scarcely have been brought to-
gether. And many an older society might have been
justly proud of such a collection as was exhibited on
Wednesday week in the park of Sir John Bennet Lawes,
Bart., at Rothamsted.

The show on this occasion occupied three marquees,
the two largest being each over 100 feet in length and
about 40 feet in breadth, and a third of smaller dimensions
which was devoted exclusively to dinner-table decora-
tions, and exhibits by ladies of vases and baskets of cut
flowers, button hole bouquets, and flowers for ladies hair
and dress. In the division open to all subscribers. Mr.
G. Underwood, gr. to C. R. Fenwick. Esq., High
Firs, Harpenden. worthily took the prize oflTered by J.
Blundell Maple, Esq. , Childwickbury, St. Albans, with six
handsome stove and greenhouse plants, all in full flower,

346

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1SS4.

which included Vinca oculata, a magnificent plant, 5
feet across, and literally covered with bloom ; V. rosea,
AUamanda Schottii, Dipladenia boliviensis, Impatiens
Siillani, and Ixora Wiilianisii, a beautiful and aliractive
plant, bearing immense trusses of cherry-red blossoms,
and having a dense mass of deep green foliage. In the
same division for a group of plants, arranged for effect,
on staging 12 feel by 6 feel, for which special prizes were
offered by W. S. Brown, Esq., Digswell House, Wel-
wyn, Mr. C. Pollard, gr. to J. Blundelt Maple, Esq.,
Child wickbury, St. Albans, look premier prize, and
Messrs. E. P. Francis & Co., The Nurseries, Hertford,
obtained 2d, both collections containing splendid ex-
amples of excellent cultivation.

Roses this year, hereabouts, are plentiful and
good, in fact the season is considered by those
competent to give an opinion to be the best since
1876. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the
class for forty-eight cut blooms, Messrs. G. Paul
& Sons, the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, were ist,
with magnificent flowers of Pride of Waltham, A. K.
Williams, of exquisite finish, Caroline Kiistin, Prince
Arthur, Duke of Wellington, Due de Montpensier, a fine
Rose ; Edouard Andre, Maurice Bernardin, Due de
Rohan, Duke of Connaughl (Paul & Sou), of rich, bright
velvety-crimson, and perfect round shape ; Duke of
Edinburgh, raised by Paul & Sons at Cheshunt. surpas-
sing by several shades of colour, it is said, any kind they
have ; Mrs. Jowett, Countess of Rosfbery, Marie Ver-
dier. Marquise de Castellane, and others of equal merit.
The Rev. W. H. Jackson, of Stagsden Vicarage, Bedford,
who is highly to be commended as an amateur Rose
grower, showed up in good form, and was awarded 2d
prize. The same tao competitors each staged a capital
lot of twelve Tea Roses, consisting, among others, of
Comtesse dc Nadaillac, Madame Cusin, Perledes Jar-
dins, Marie van Houtte, Princess ol Wales, and
Souvenir de Tht^rese 1 Level. Messrs. G. Paul & Sons
also exhibited a splendid collection, not for competition,
of herbaceous plants, pompon and single Dahlias, and a
box of fine blooms of the bedding-out Dahlia, Glare of
the Garden (or Fu'e King), all of which attracted a con-
siderable amount of attention throughout the day. As
in former years at Harpenden, a very special feature was
the charming lot of Dahlias, a better collection than were
exhibited on the present occasion it being impossible
to bring together. In the class for forty-eight
Dahlias, distinct, Messrs Paul & Son, Cheshunt,
stood alone, and were awarded 1st prize, for, owing loan
accident in transit. Mr. Henry Glasscock, Bishop's
Storlford, who had also entered in this class, could not
stage to his satisfaction a sufficient number of blooms.
But in the next class, tor twenty-four Dahlias, distinct,
Mr. Glasscock showed, we may unhesitatingly say, the
finest blooms he has ever grown, which is saying a great
deal ; his collection embraced Acme of Perfection, Kev.
J. Goodday, a bloom wliich is very rarely shown ; Miss
Cannell, James Vick, a lovely specimen ; William Raw-
lings, Prince of Denmark, most exquiaite in colour
and finish ; Earl of Ravensworth, Hope, a new
flower ; James Service, a charming bloom ; Ovid,
Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. Percy Windham, and Flora
Wyatt, a masterpiece for depth and substance of its
petals. In the class for twelve Dahlias, distinct, Mr. T.
Garralt, South Mill. Bishop's Slortiord, showed William
Compton, Flag of Truce, a beautiful bloom ; and a
seedling which he has named Tom Garralt, the finest
shaped flower we have ever seen, and one that promises
to make its mark in the floral world. For twenty-four
spikes of Gladiolus, distinct, Messrs. Kelvvay & Son, of
Lingport, Somersetshire, took ist prize for some mag-
nificently finished spikes of all their best and newest
varieties. Messrs. Kelway excel in the art of Gladiolus
growing, and produce plants which certainly may be
said to come up to our idcU standard of perfection.

In the division open to all subscribers, exclusive of
nurserymen, special prizes were offered by Mrs. Warde,
Bennetts, Harpenden, for six foliage plants, distinct,
which brought two collections of very close order of
merii, the ist piize being awaided to Mr. C. Pollard, gr.
to T. Blundel Maple, Esq., Childwickbury, St. Albans,
for Areca lutescens, Aspidistra variegata, Croton Baron
James de Rothschild, Acalypha musaica, Gymno-
gramma chrysophylla, Cissus discolor. The 2d prize
went to Mr. G. Underwood, gr. to C. R. Fenwick. Esq.,
High Firs, Harpenden, for Dieffcnb.ichia picla, Cissus
discolor. Latania borbonica (Livistona sinensis), Croton
irregularis, Bonaparlea gracilis, Acalypha musaica, all
of which were in excellent condition, and displayed much
care and attention in their cultivation. Mr. C. Sibley,
gr. to H. T. Hodgson, Esq., Harpenden, brightened
the show with nine single zonal and six double zonal
Pelargoniums, all exceedingly well flowered, and in every
way praiseworthy. The same exhibitor staged good
examples of Cokus. P'uchsias, and a collection of the
Myrtle-leaved Orange trees laden with fruit.

Among the exhibits entered not for competition must
be mentioned a grand miscellaneous collection of Roses,
Gladiolus, Lilies, and herbaceous plants, &c., from
Messrs. William Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, all of
fine quahty and excellence, which added considerably to
the effect and interest of the show. At the entrance to
one of the tents was arranged a useful group of plants
from the conservatories of Sir. }. B. Lawes, Rothamsted
(gr., Mr. Win. Oliver), amongst which were some
remarkably good specimens of Coleus, well coloured, and
Vallota purpurea, whose bright scarlet flowers always
prove attractive.

The display of fruit was upon the whole very good,
and well represented — a collection, not for competition,
of Grapes, Nuts, and Apples, set up by Messrs. II.
Lane & Son, The Nurseries, Great Berkham^toad. being
particularly noticeable ; fine bunches of well coloured
Grapes being shown of Muscat of Alexandria, Gros

Maroc, and Alicante. Among the varieties of Apples
we observed Red Quarrenden, Lord Suffield, Prince
Arthur (Lane's), Grenadier, Worcester Pearmain,
Warner's King, and Ecklinville Pippin.

In the tent devoted to the amateurs' and cottagers'
productions the exhibits were most creditable, especially
Potatos, although owing to the character of the season
the number of entries was somewhat fewer than usual.

Of honey, which was shown in the same tent, the
number of exhibits brought together was very numerous
and exceptionally good, the present season wiili its
bright sunshine and glittering flowers being particularly
favourable to apiarians.

International Horticultural Exhibition,
Dundee : September 11.— {By Tt'/r^ra/>/i). —Those
who can speak with confidence assert tlial in comparison
with the International Exhibition last held in Dundee
the one which opened this morning considerably exceeds
it in extent and importance. The entries are much
larger, and the general character of tlie show is very
good. The utmost capacities of the Drill Hall fail to
afford space for all the exhibits. Temporary annexes
are employed on either side of the courtyard to trike
some of the cut flowers, which are numerous, and very
fine here, as also are the Conifers, &c., in pots. The
first portion of the hall contains the stove and green-
house and other plants, the groups arranged for effect.
several collections not for competition, the fruit, table
decorations, &c. There are large quantities of fruit.
Grapes, generally, are very good, there being some 500
bunches Hardy fruits, especially culinary Apples, are
very good ; collections of fruit are weak, as if the warm
dry season had hastened the ripening of much of it, and
it is seen past its best. Mr. J. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, and
Thos. Boyd. Callander Park Gardens, Falkirk, take high
honours with fruit ; the former has the ist prize for the
collection of sixteen sorts, the lit'er the Veitch Memorial
Prize for two wonderful bunches of Muscat Hamburgh
Grapes. The Grapes generally show remarkable finish.
Mr. J. Hammond, Brayton Hall, Carlisle, showed some
large Crotons, remarkable for their fine colouring and great
size. Table decorations and bouquets are a leading
feature, and the cut flowers are very fine with but few
exceptions. The tables of plants arranged for effect are
numerous. In the leading class, Ireland & Thompson,
of Edinburgh, are well 1st, with a charming arrange-
ment singularly bright and effective, having in the centre
Cocos Weddelliana, and Crotons Baroness Rothschild
and Queen Victoria, superbly coloured; round them are
Dracsenas, Crotons, Palms, Orchids, &c. , edged with Ficus
repens, Panicumvariegatum,and Isolepistenella. Messrs.
D. & W. Croll, Dundee, are 2d, with a tasteful group;
and Messrs. Clark Bros., Carlisle, 3d Mr. Hammond,
gr. , Brayton Hall, is ist with the smaller group, having
Palms, Orchids, Crotons, and other pretty plants rising
from a bed of Maidenhair, and edged with Panicum.
Mr.^W. Allison Monifieth. is 2d; Mr. David Ross. St.
Martin's, Perth, 3d. Mr. Hauuuond's 1st prize collection
of twelve stove and greenhouse plants contains Crotons
Queen Victoria, majesticus, and Disraeli, a grand Plio^nix
rupicola, Encephalartos plumosus, fine Zamia, Cycas
revoluta, Bougiinvillea glabra in rare form. Mr. Allison
is 2d, with Crotons Queen Victoria, Andreanus, Johannis.
also a very fine Phoenix prolifera, Cycas revoluta. and
Statice Holfordi. 3d, Mr. David Ross. Many of the
plants are unnamed, which is reprehensible in a
show of this importance. Mr. Peter Marshall, Behnore,
Newport, has the best six plants, including Croton
variegatus, Cycas revoluta. Areca rubra, Statice prolusa.
Tlieie are few flowering specimens. Mr. W. Edwards.
Noranside, is .2d with all foliage plants. Mr. Hammond
has the best three Crotons, finely coloured specimens of
Chelsoni, l-^tna, and a scfdling in the way of Disraeli;
Mr. Allison is 2d with majesticus and picturatus, very
good. Mr. Hammond is ist with six foliaged plants,
including Croton Sunset, Phu^nix rupicola. Dasylirion
serratifolium, Chamsirops humilis elegans ; Crotons,
Gloriosas, and Cycas plumosus ; 2d, Mr. W. Allison,
with Ficus Pearcei, Cycas revoluta, and Croton
Weismanni. as his leading subjects. Mr. Joseph
Broome, Didsbury, Manchester, is ist with three
very fine Dracaenas, having Baptisti, Shepherdi, and
Youngi ; Mr. 1*2. Douglas, Cockermouth, is 2d, unnamed ;
Mr. Hammond is 3d. Exotic Ferns are decidedly
weak, Mr. Allison is isl, and Mr. Hammond 2d ; this
class is stronger than the trade class, where Messrs.
Cocker & Son, of Aberdeen, arc ist; Messrs. Laird &
Sinclair, Dundee. 2d ; Messrs. Ireland & Thompson, 3d.
Three very fine Ericas are shown by Mr. Edward Boyes,
Burn Park. Mr. Major is awarded the Veitch Memorial
prize for the best stove or greenhouse plant — Erica
Marnockiana ; Mr. Allison is 2d, with much smaller
plants. Messrs. Ireland & Thomson are the only exhi-
bitors of eight Orchids, having Saccolabium Blumei, S.
Dayi. Oncidium Rogcrsi, Lielia elegans, Odontoglossum
Pescatorei, Oncidium tigrinum. Cypripedium Scdeni, C.
Dominianum, and C. Haynauldianum — small but nicely
managed plants. There is no entry in the class for four ; in
that for two Mr. Boyes is ist, with Odontoglossum
Jrande, which was awarded the Veitch Memorial prize
for the best Orchid, and Mesospinidium vulcanicum.
Messrs. Ireland & Thompson are ist with twelve new
plants introduced since 1880. They have Ni-pcnthes
Dominiana, Dracaena Lindeni, Dieffenbachia Jenmanni,
Platycerium Hillii, and Anthurium splendiduni, A.
Andreanum, Selaginella grandis, Ficus elaslica aureus
varicgalus, and Croton Thomsoni as their leading sub-
jects. Messrs. Laird & Sinclair are 2d. They have
Aralia Chabrieri, Croton Mrs. Dolman, Dieffenbachia
Jenmanni, Dracnsna lineata. Anthurium ferrierense,
Croton Lord Cheltnslord, and others. There are plenty
of pretty plants suitable for table decoration. Messrs.
Ireland & Thomson are ist with charming specimens

well suited for table pm-poses ; Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons,
Edinburgh, being 2d. There are classes for six and
three plants also, and ihey are well filled. Messrs.
Laird & Sinclair have the best six tuberous-rooted
Begonias, nicely grown, but scircelynp to ihe mark of
Southern qu:ility, as illustrated by the very fine cut
blooms shown on this occasion by Messrs. J. Laing &
Co., ol Forest Hill, and Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons,
Swanley. Mr. James Johnston has ihe best three ; Mr.
T. H. Miln being 2d. Fuchsias are plentiful enough,
but they are not of high-class character. Coleus
are not so good as might have been expected ; Mr.
T. H. Miln has the best three. Nice bushy speci-
mens of summer flowering Chrysanthemums are
an interesting feature. Mr. John Collie, West
Ferry, has the best four; Mr. Jsnies Brown,
Dundee, being 2d. Liliums, mostly of the speciosum
section, form a good feature. Mr. E. Moir, Newport,
has the best two specimens. Mr. James Low, Murray-
field, 2d— both show Lilium roseumand L. album. Mr.
George Davidson, Lochiel. has a \ery fine specimen of
Lilium auratum, having about 100 flowers. Mr. E Moir
has the best specimen of L. speciosum. There are
classes for Tree Ferns, Palms, British Ferns, alpine
plants, succulents, zonal Pelargoniums. Selagtnellas,
Caladiums, and others, all well filled and full of interest.

Of cut flowers Roses are a good fc:'aturc. Messr.i. J.
Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen, have brought some remarkably
fine blooms, and are ist with twenty-four varieties. 'Ihey
have Alfred Colonib, Duchesse de Morny, Charles Le-
febvre, Ulrich Briiner. Baroness Rothschild, Dr. Andre,
Eiienne Level, Louis van Houtte, Ducliess of Bed-
ford, Gloire de Dijon, Duke of Edinburgh, Mrs.
Chas. Wood, Fran9ois Michelon, La France, Marie
Baumann, Catherine Mermet, Marie Rady, Baronne
Haussmann. and Comtesse de Serenye. Alessrs. D. &
N. Croll, Dundee, are 2d, with nice fresh flowers of Mrs.
/owitt. Scnateur Vaisse, Helen Paul, Louis van Houtte,
Due de Rohan, Louis d'Or, Gloire de Dijon, Alfred
Colonib, Catherine Mermet, Marechal Niel, Francois
Lacharme, Madame Dennis, Auguste Rigotard, and
Duke of Edinburgh. Mr. A. H. Gray, East Ferry, has
the best twelve Roses, staging excellent flowers of Com-
tesse de Serenye. Emile Hausberg, La France. Duchess
of Bedford, Dae de Rohan, Alarie Finger. Madame
Victor Verdier, Perle des j.ardins, Marie Baumann, Duke
of Wellington, Beauty of Waltham. and Duke of Edin-
burgh ; 2d, Mr. David Wallace, Rothesay. Mr. A. H.
Gray has the best six Teas, having very pretty blooms of
Alba rosea, Catherine Mermet, Madame Lambard,
Marie van Houtte, Souvenir d'un Ami. and Jean
Ducher ; 2d, Mr. John Mcjames, Greyslairs.

Mr. Campbell, Blaniyre, has the best tueniy-four
D.VHLIAS, setting up Vice-President, Statesman, H.
Ware. H. Turner, I'riterion, John Wyatt, Mrs. J.
R. Jeffery, Annie Neville, George Dickson, W. H.
Williams. James Cocker, James Vick, Ethel Britton, W.
P. Laird, and Prince Bismarck ; 2d, Messrs. lames,
Cocker & Sons, with Prince Biii-marck. Mr. Gladstone,
W. II. Williams, Lord Chf-lmsford, Mr. P. Wyndham,
James Cocker, Cl.ira, Emily Edwards, Aurom, George
Smith, Miss Cannell, Mr. Sianscombe, George Dickson,
]. N. Keynes, Joseph Ashby, Queen of Italy, Hope,
Miss Henshaw, Louie Eckford, Goldfinder, Mr. John
Laing ; 3d, Mr. J. Macpherson, nurseryman, Aberdeen.
Mr. Waller Veitch, Carlisle, has the best twelve Dahlias,
staging Grand Sultan, Royal (^ueen. Lord Derby,
Thunias Goodwin, W. H. Williams. Ethel Britton ;
2d, Mr. Thomas Hogg, Aikenhead. with W. H.
Williams, Willie Austin, Prince Bismarck, Ovid, John
Ashby, J. N. Keynes, and Ethel Britton. Messrs.
J. Cocker & Sons have the best twelve fancy
Dahlias in Mrs. Saunders, Lucy Fawceit, John
Forbes, Egyptian Prince, Oracle, Mrs. H. Hall,
Duchess of Albany, Jessie Mclutobh, fJaiety. Magician,
and Pearl ; 2d, Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons,
with unnamed sorts ; 3d, Messrs. Clark Brothers,
Carlisle. Generally the flowers were a little deficient in
the centres, but large and full. Single Dahlias were very
numerous ; indeed, there was a good competition in all
the Dahlia classes. Messrs. J. I-amonl & Son, Hope
Street, Edinburgh, were isi, with very fine and striking
bunches of the following varieties : — Distinction, Beacons-
field, pale yellow (new) ; Columbus, orange-scarlet (new);
Zulu. White Queen, Miss Cameron, mauve (new) ; At-
traction, pale rose, yellow centre (new) ; Paragon, and
Volunteer, striped purple (new). 2d, Messrs. J. Cocker
& Sons, wilii charming blooms of Morning Star,
Magician, Duke of I'eck. Scarlet Gem, Rosy Circle,
Mauve Queen, Aurora, and Amos Ferry. Mr. John
Ruddiman, Aberdeen, has the best six bunches, un-
named.

Mr. A. Campbell, Cove Gordcns, Gourock, who
showed so finely at the Crystal Palace last week. ;s
ist with twenty-four spikes of Gl.ADiOLt, staging wonder-
ful examples of Mabel, Archduchess Marie, Canova,
Orpheus. Marc^chal Bazaine, A. Brongniart, Ca]>rice,
Murillo, pictum, Camille, Horace Vernel, Sylvia, La
Perle, giganteum, Ceiestine, Opal, Mary Stuart, and De
Lesseps. Not a few of these are old varieties, but sur-
prisingly fine ; 2d, Messrs. Stuart & Mcin. nurserymen,
Kelso, who had fine spikes of Baroness Burdelt Coutts,
Jupiter, A, Brongniart, Mari^ehal V'aillant, Vesuvius,
Anna. Octavia, Newton ; 3d, Messrs. D. & W. Croll,
Dundee. Mr. James Gray, gr. to Mrs. F. Moflfat. has
the best twelve spikes, showing grand specimens of
Madame Desportes, Sylvia, Andre Leroy, Mrs. Finnis,
Psyche, Ondine, Orpheus. 1-'. ( 1. Dougal, Panorama,
Archduchesa Marie; 2d, Mr. Matthew Smith, Prestwich,
with a good lot also. Mr. William Kilgrove, Kincardine,
has the best spikes, staging) Sylvia, Celeni(I;ne, Pictum,
P.rcnnus, Camille ; 2(1, Mr. Matthew Smith with Atlas,
Crcesus, Meyerbeer, Ondine, Psyche, Mabel. The
Gladioli form .1 very fine feature.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

347

Mr. Campbell, BlantjTe, has the best twenty-four
blooms ot Hollyhocks, staging very good blooms of
Queen of Yellows, Aurora, Invincible, Hercules, David
Foulis. Purple Prince, Mrs. Johnstone, Lady Middlcton,
l'\ G. Uousal, Standard Bearer. Robert, Martin, William
Blackwood, \V. Thomson, Royal Standard and Beauty.
Mr. John Forbes, nurseryman. Hawick, had the best
twelve spikes ; Mrs. Campbell, lilantyre, 2d ; Messrs.
Stuart & Mein 3d. Mr. Main had the best twelve blooms
in another division ; Mr. John Cadzow. Crossficld,
Lanark, being 2d. ^^^. Peter Robinson, Jedburgh, has
the best twelve seedlings ; Mr. R. W. Saunders, Lis-
more, being 2d. Mr. G. O. Dingwall, gr. io.\. Bullock,
I'.sq.. Ardoch, has tlie best six spikes of Hollyhocks ;
Mr. John Cadzow being 2d, The number of spikes and
blooms show that the Hollyhock is still being much
grown in the North.

There are a large number of blooms of fancy and
show P.VNsiES, and they are remarkably good. Mrs.
Campbell, Blantyre, is ist, with a very fine lot ; Mr.
John Sutherland, Victoria Nursery, Lenzie, being 2d ;
and Mr. A. Lister, Rothesay, 3d. Mr. Andrew Jardine
has the best twelve— a very fine lot, there being "twenty-
four competitors in the class, and so many good ; 2d,
Mr. J. Stewart, Lennoxtown ; two equal 3d's being
given. Mr. J. Stewart has tlie best twelve show Pansies
— charming blooms ; Mr. W. Storrier, Lenzie, being 2d.

There are fifteen stands of cut blooms of herbaceous
plants ; Carnations and Picotees, hardy annuals, Pent-
stemons, Phloxes, Stocks, Asters, French and African
Marigolds are all very numerous and fine.

Messrs. Todd & Co., nurserymen, Edinburgh, have
the best hand bouquet and the best bridal bouquet.
Messrs. Jones & Son, Shrewsbury, are 2d in both
classes. The latter have tlie best basket of flowers — a
charming affair, Eliza Harvey, Penh, being 2d. Messrs.
Jones & Son have the best epergne, most tastefully
arranged, Miss Pilcaithley being 2d. Messrs. Jones
& Son are ist with the best table bouquet,
Mr. Hugh Watson, Stirling, being 2d. Mr. James
Johnston has the best wreath, Messrs. Harley & Sons,
Dundee, are 2d. All these classes are well filled.

Fruits. — As stated, Mr. J. Mclndoe has the best collec-
tion of sixteen sorts of fruit, he staged Gros Moroc, Treb-
biano, and Black Hamburgh Grapes ; Smooth Cayenne,
and Queen Pines; Princessof Wales and Violette Halive
Peaches, EIruge and Humboldt Nectarines, Durandiau
Pear, Brown Turkey Figs, Green Gage Plums, Scarlet
Premier and Bestof All Melons ; 2d, Mr. Johnston, Glamis
Castle, with Madresfield Court, AUcante,Mii-:catot Alexan-
dria and Raisin du Calabre Grapes ; Prince Albert
and Smooth Cayenne Pines, Red Magdalen and Stirling
Caslle Peaches, Moor Park Apricot, Pitmaston Orange
and Due de Telliiers Nectarines, Victoria and Green Gage
Plums, &c ; 3d, Mr. David Murray, Culzean Gardens.
Maybole. The best 'twelve dishes came from Mr. D.
Dickson, gr. to J. B. Melville, Esq., St. Andrews, with
Black Hamburgh, Gros Colmar, and Muscat of Alex-
andria Grapes, Barrington and Walburton Admirable
Peaches, Victoria Nectarine, Moor Park Apricot, white
Ischia Figs, &c. ; 2d. Mr. McKelvie, Broxmouth Park
Gardens, Dunbar, with Black Hamburgh. Mrs. Pince,
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Queen Pine,
Noblesse and Barringtoa Peaches, Eiruge Nectarine.
Moor Park Apricot, Brown Turkey Figs, and
Melon ; 3d, Mr. David Ross, St. Martin's. Perth.
The best eight sorts come from Mr. ]. Day, Galloway
House, Garhstown, who has Black Alicante and Muscat
of Alexandria Grapes, Prince of Wales Peaches,
Pitmaston Orange Nectarine, Plums, Pears, and Figs ;
ad. Mr. P. W. p-airgrieve, Dunkeld Gardens, with
Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes,
Royal George Peaches, Welbeck Seedling Nectarine.
Pears, Figs. Apricots, and Melons ; 3d, Mr. A. Smith,
Speddock Gardens, Dumfries. Mr. David Murray,
Culzean Gardens, has the best two Queen Pines, ancl
Mr. f. H. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle Gardens, the best
two Smooth Cayennes.

It is computed that there are 500 bunches of Grapes in
the show. The best eight varieties, one bunch of each,
comes from Mr. David Murray, who h^is iVIrs. Pince,
Alicante. Alnwick Seedling, Barbarossa, and Madre^field
Court, Golden Queen, Muscat of Alexandria, and Foster's
SeedUng, all in very good form ; 2d, Mr. A. Kirk,
gr. to J. T. Baton. Esq., Alloa, with Muscat Ham-
burgh, Alnwick Seedling, Alicante, Lady Downe's,
Black Hamburgh, Duke of Buccleuch, Muscat of .Alex-
andria, and Buckland Sweetwater ; 3d, Mr. McKelvie,
with a good lot. Mr. D. Dickson, Mount Melville,
St. Andrews, has the best six bunches in Black Ham-
burghs, Gros Colmar.|Muscat Hamburgh, Alnwick Seed-
ling, Golden Queen, and Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Mr.
Geo. Reid, gr. to Provost Moncur, Dundee, with Gros
Colmar, Muscat Hamburgh, Mr. Pirrie. Lady Downes,
Barbarossa, and Muscat of Alexandria ; 3d, Mr. J. Ham-
mond. Bray ton Hall, The best four bunches comes from
Mr. Thomas Boyd, gr. to \V. Forbes, Esq., Callander
Park, Falkirk, who shows Grapes finely on this occa-
sion, having Black Hamburgh. Muscat Hamburgh,
Alicante, and Lady Downe's, all remarkably fine ; 2d,
Mr. J. Day, Galloway House, with Alicante, Gros Col-
mar, Muscat of Alexandria, and Foster's Seedling; 3d,
Mr. James Louden, The Quinta Gardens, Chirk.
Mr. J. Mclndoe is 1st with two fine bunches of Bar-
barossa ; Mr. D. Murray being 2d. Mr. J. Day has the
best two bunches of Alicante, large and finely coloured ;
Mr. J. Hammond being 2d, with very good bunches.
Mr. T. Boyd has the best two bunches of Black Ham-
burgh, very fine ; Mr. A. Smith, Speddock, being 2d.
Mr. [. Mclndoe has the best two bunches of Gros Col-
mar. The two bunches of Lady Downe's shown by
Mr. Boyd are superb, they ran his Muscat Hamburghs
close for the Veitch Memorial prize ; Mr. D. Murray is
a good 2d. Mr. J. Mclndoe has the best two bunches

of Nfadresfield Court, small berries, well finished ; Mr.
John Hannah, gr. to Sir H. Maxwell. Bart., being 2d.
Air. D. Murray has the best two bunches of Mrs. Pince ;
Mr, Geo. Reid. Dundee, being 2d. Mr. T. Boyd has
two superb bunches of Muscat Haniburgti ; Mr. D. Dick-
son being 2d.

Mr. W. Murray, of Park Hill, Polmont, has the
best two bunches of any oilier black, staging
Gros Maroc ; Mr. David Murray being 2d with
Alnwick Seedling. Mr. David Howie, Culross, is ist,
with two bunches of Buckland Sweetwater, superbly
grown ; Mr. John Eraser, Baron Hill, being 2d. Mr.
George Ramsay has the best two bundles of Muscat of
Alexandria; Mr. J. Day being 2d, both very fine and
well finished. Mr. G. Ramsay is 1st with any other
white, h.aving two beautiful bunches of White Tokay ;
Mr. James Dewar, Bcechwood Gardens, being 2d with
Duke of Buccleuch. Other notes of fruit classes must
stand over until next week.

Vkoetabi.es are very extensively shown, and in very
fine condition. The best basket ol fifteen kinds
comes from Mr. James Rrown, gr. to C. S. Moray, Esq,

Brief details of vegetable classes and of plants to whicli
Certificates were awarded will be furnished next week.

Cjjc Weatljcr.

STATE OF IHB WEATHER AT BLACKHEATU, LOA'DOX,
For the Week Ending Wednesdav, Si:i'ii;miier 10, iS&\.

Massachusetts Horticultural : Bosfott, Auq. 9.
— This was prize day for perennial Phloxes and Petunias.
Mr. E. Sheppard took the i^t prize for Phlo.xes, with
ten distinct named varieties, one spike each ; Mr. John
Parker the ist prize for Petunias, with thirty masses.
Cut flowers came from several contributors, who made
extensive displays. Mr. Denys Zirnziebel exhibited a
new white Aster, originated by him. a hybrid between
Truffaul's and Victoria varieties, very fine in form and
colour, and perfectly double, and was awarded a Frst-
class Certificate of I^Terit. Mr. Fawkes showed a collec-
tion of flowers, among which were several varieties of
annual Chrysanthemums — Torenia Fournieri, Bidens,
atro-sanguinea, Anchusa capensis. Canna flaccida, C.
iridiflora Ehemanni, C. Premices de Nice, Centaurea
suaveolens, C. moschata, C. moschata alba, Im-
patiens Sultani, and a new yellow-throated Petunia.
J. B. Moore & Sons exhibited hybrid perpetual
Roses, and Mr. W. H. Spooner made a lirge
display of Salct Moss Rose-buds. Mr. C. M. Hovey
showed six new seedling Lilies, and L. H. Farlow a
spike of Alpinia nutans, or Shell-flower, a plant belong-
ing to Gingerworts, from Bermuda. Mr. W. H. Badlam
contributed Sabbatia chloroidcs, one of our most beau-
tiful wild flowers, belonging to the order Gentianaceas,
biennials, or annuals, with slender stems and white or
rose-purple flowers in cymose panicles, growing on the
borders of brackish ponds, along the shore from
Plymouth. Massachusetts, to Virginia, and south-
ward.

Mr. J. W. Manning was awarded ist prize for a collection
of herbaceous plants, which consisted of the following
named plants ;— Helianthus multiflorus, H. trachrcfolius,
Calananche cccrulea, Aconilum, Funkia lanceolata, Rud-
beckia maxima. Aster Douglasii, Campanula carpatica,
Lilium tigrinum, L. superbum, L. auratum, Eryngium
alpinum, Veronica virginica, Liatris pycnostachya, Com-
melina virginica, Asclepias tuberosa, A. verucillata.
Allium stellatum, Acacia marilandica, Achillea millefolium
var. roseum, and Coreopsis rosea. Mrs. P. D. Richards
exhibited thirty-two speciments of wild flowers, making
142 different species shown by her this season, not
including twenty-seven species and five varieties of
Fern 5.

Mr. J. Fillebroun showed Beurr^ Giffard Pears, and was
awarded ist prize. Mr. V. Henstis exhibited splendid
specimens of Sweet Bough Apples, and also took the ist
prize. A number of other varieties of Pears and Apples
were shown by a number of contributors,

August i5. — The weekly exhibition held today was
one of the most successful in variety and extent as well
as in attendance of any of the weekly shows that have
been given this season. This was prize day for Gladioli,
and this fine flower was well represented, but would
undoubtedly have been better shown had it not been
for the cold rains and dull weather for the past few
weeks

Mr. T. Merrifield was awarded ist prize for tventy
named varieties. The following is a list : — Addison,
Leda, Norma, Le Poussin, Eugene Scribe, Giganteus,
Titania, Eva, Mr. Bull. Pectinata, Victory, Leander, La
France, \'irginalis, Vesta, Princess Mary of Cambridge,
Etendard, Le Phare, Ondine. Ariadne. Mrs. Margaret
Parker showed flowers of Nelumbium speciosum, the
Egyptian Lotus, and it was very much admired by the
visitors. W. li. Endicott showed seedling Gladioli, a
hybrid between Gladiolus gandavensis and G. purpureo-
auratus. very beautiful and interesting, and very much
admired. A. A. Hixon showed Drumniond Phlo,xes.
Petunias, and Sweet Peas ; E. Sheppard Gloxinias
and Delphiniums, John B. Moore & Son autumnal
Phloxes.

Alarge disp'ay of Dahlias came from several contributors.
J. W. Manning, Reading, Massachusetts, made a large
display of herbaceous plants, all carefully named. Several
contributors made large displays of cut flowers. Mrs.
C. N, S. Horner exhibited a large number of wild
flowers. The fruits of the season were well represented ;
Apples of the following varieties were shown in great
abundance, namely :— Red Astrachan and Williams. The
following varieties of Pears were shown, viz., Clapp's
Favourite. Elizabeth, Gifford, and Brandywine. Foreign
Grapes : Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria.
The Taylor Blackberry, a new variety, was shown, and
a dish of the Early Rivers Peach.

In the vegetable department the round purple Egg-
plant, the Kohl Rabi, and the Perfection Tomato, were
very noticeable, also many other kinds of vegetables.

IlyCromc-

trical De-

i?

Uahometer

Temperature of
THE Air.

ductions

from
Glaishcr's

Wind.

Tables 6th

«

Edition

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Alcan Reading

Reauced 10

32'' Fahr.

Departure from

Average of

18 years.

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Sept.

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I 40

Sept,

4.— Very wet from early morning till 2 45 I'.m., fine at

3 I' M. Very fine d.iy and night,
5. — Very fine Hay and night.
6. — Rain between 10 A M. and noon. Fine afiernoon.

Rain in evening.
7. — Fine day and night. Overcast at times.
8. — Fine bright morning. Rain at 2.45 P.M. Fine, dull

night.
9 — Dull day. Slight fog at night.
10.— Fog in early morning. Very fine day and night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September 6, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 29,86 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.67 inches by 3 p ^i.
on the Ist, increased to 29. 78 inches by midnight on
the same day, decreased to 29.74 inches by 3 P ^^.,
increased to 29 79 inches by midnight on the 2d,
decreased to 2943 inches by 9 a.m. on the 4fh,
increased to 29 73 inches by midnight on the 5(h, and
was 29 45 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 2967 inches, being 0.25 inch lower than last
week, and o 41 inch below the average of the week.

Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 6S''.5, on August 31, the
highest on Sept. 4 was 57". 5. The mean of the
seveu high day temperatures was 64°. S.

The lowest temperature was 45'. 5. on the 6ih ; on
Aug. 31 the lowest temperature was 5^'. 5. The mean
of ihe seven low night temperatures was 51^7.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
I9°.4, on the 5ih ; the smallest was 6\ on the 4'h.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 13°. I.

The mean temperatures were — on August 3t, 62''.9,
on Sept. 1st, 5g\i ; on the 2d, 59'.2 ; on the 3'l,
59''.3 ; on the 4'.h, 53^5 ; on the 5th, SS^-S ; on the
6'h, 54''. 8 ; of these August 31 and September 3
were above their averages by3'. i and o°-2 respectively,
and the rest were below by 0^3, 0°. i, 5^3, 3°. i, 3°,6
respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 57°,S, being
o°.7 lower than last week, and i''.3 below the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 132°. on Sept. 3. The mean of the seven
readings was 106^6.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 35°.5. on the 6th.
The mean of the seven readings was 41. '8.

Rain. — 1. 86 inch rain fell on six days, of which
1°. 12 inch fell on the 4th.

England : Temperature, — During the week ending
September 6, the highest temperatures were 71*., at
Cambridge, 69". 5 at Brighton, 68". 9 at Nottting*
ham, 62° at Sunderland, 62,°.'^ at Bolton, 63^8 at
Bradford. The general mean was 66*'.4.

The lowest temperatures were 39** at Truro,
41°. 5 at Nottingham, 41°. 6 at Wolverhampton ; the
lowest at Brighton was 46°.8, at Liverpool 46°.6,
at Hull 46\ The general mean was 43°. S.

The greatest ranges were 29° at Truro, 28° at
Cambridge, 27°. 4 at Nottingham ; the smallest
ranges were I7^S at Liverpool, 19° at Sunderland,
and I9^2 at Bradford. The genera] mean was 22°. 6.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 66°. 8, at Truro 66°. i, at
Nottingham and Hull 65°.3 ; and was lowest at
Sunderland, 59^.8, Bolton 6o''.2, and 6i°.3 at Liver-
pool. The general mean was 63'.6.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was

348

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

highest at Brighton 53°.3, at Plymouth 5l°.9, at
Blackheath 5I°.7 ; and was lowest at Wolverhamp-
ton, 46°.4, at Bolton 46". 7, at Sunderland 47°.4.
The general mean was 49^5.

The mean daily range was greatest at Nottingham,
I7°.2, at Hull 17% at Wolverhampton 16/3 ; and
was least at Liverpool, 11°, at Brighton il'*.6,
at Plymouth I2°.i. The general mean was 14°.!.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
S7°.8, at Brighton 57°.6, at Cambridge 57°.3 ; and
was lowest at Bolton, Si^.g, at Sunderland 52°.!, at
Wolverhampton 53°. The general mean was 55°. i.

Rain. — The largest falls were 3.31 inches at
Brighton, 1.86 inch at Blackheath, and l°.7o inch at
Bristol ; the smallest falls were 0.36 inch at Sunder-
land, o''.44 inch at Bradford, and o''.45 inch at
Leeds. The general mean fall was 0.29 inch. Rain
fell on every day in the week at Brighton,

Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing September 6 the highest temperature was 65°. 7, at
Paisley, at Leith the highest was (>'^. The general
mean was 64°.!.

The lowest temperature in the week was 38°, at
Glasgow ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
44°.2. The general mean was 41".

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, 54'. 2,
and lowest at Edinburgh, 52°.i. The general mean
was 53°. I.

Rain. — The largest fall was 1.S5 inch, at Dundee,
and the smallest fall was o. 11 inch, at Leith. The
general mean fall was 0.86 inch.

TAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

" He that gitestioneth vtiich shall learn 7nuch." — Bacon.

Fruit at Great Elevation, — I wish to try the
experiment of growing fruit at a high elevation (1200 feet
above sea-level) in tlie West of England .(Dartmoor) ;
rainfall over 50 inches, granite formation, aspect south-
east. I should like the names of fruits most likely to
succeed, more especially of Apples and Plums. What
fruits are grown in Scotland at high elevations, and
would it be the best place to get trees from? W. P. W. S,

Answers to Correspondents.

Address of Secretary : C. O. The Secretary, whose

office will be in the Agricultural Hall.
Adiantum : T. Jaitnock, It does not differ from

Bause's hybrid, A. Victoria;.

Erratum. — An unfortunate blunder was committed in
the article on " Audley End " in our last issue, when
the words " not on water " were substituted for " not
an orator." As the error involves a serious imputa-
tion, which was not in the least intended, we hasten to
make the correction, and to express our regret that the
error should have escaped notice.

Furze and Thistles : F. S. By applications of
guano, and by spudding them up, and mowing several
times during the summer, you will in time get rid of
them. Constant mowing and high manuring will
check the growth of Furze, but grubbing out, if it cost
more at first, will be cheaper in the end.

Gros Colmar Gkafe : Strchor. Nothmg certain is
known ot its histoiy. Mr. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth,
received it from Angers, and Mr. Standish, of Ascot,
grew it and exhibited it in 1861. The sort is known in
Germany as Gros Kbiner, of which name Gros Colman
and Cros Colmar are probably French corruptions.
We shall be glad to hear more of fyour seedling
another year.

Insects : Diss. Your large wasps are queens and large*
workers of Vespa rufa, and the small ones are very
small workers of V. vulgaris.

Lime : W. B. Tilia parvifolia, the small-leaved Euro-
pean variety.

Marigold : M. Cnthbertson. Fine rich colour, and of
good form and size.

Mushroom : E. Vesey. The sort is quite wholesome,
it being the true Mushroom. The rest of your note,
about the dung of a stallion producing Mushrooms
spontaneously, is nonsense. The mycelium of the true
Mushroom, and ot several others, have the property of
growing in the manure of any corn-fed horse. It is in
that way that Mushrooms are produced in manure
which has not been artificially spawned — that is, which
has not been sown with the germs of that species.
Temperature plays an important part, as does also
moisture, in the production of these low forms of
vegetation, as you would find out to your cost if your
Mushroom-bed material had so high a temperature as
say 100° Fahr. after being spawned. Then a won-
drous crop of useless or poisonous species would take
the place of the one you vainly awaited.

Names of Plants : W. T. Francoa sonchifolia. —
Fairpoint. Fern, Cislopteris fragilis. — \V. Rowball.
Orchid, Leeliopsis domingensis.

Photograph of Edge Hall : Pcnrhyn. The third

figure was the gardener,

LUMS AND .\rRicoTS : R. B. Washington, Green
\^ Gage Reine Claude de Bavay, Jeffersons, Coe's Golden

Drop, Kirke's, Early Orleans, for Plums in your lati-
tude ; the latter, Hemskirke, Kaisha, Breda, Orange.

Pyrus : H. K. Please send up leaf and shoot of
Pyrus named. We have not noticed the meagre
growth in the Conifers you mention.

Vine Leaves : W. The Vines seem to have been
grown in a badly ventilated dry vinery, for we found
some of the foliage burnt by sun-heat, and all was
badly infested with red-spider. It is now too late to
do much. You must take lessons in Vine growing
from some one who is able to teach you, and so do
better next year.

Zinnias : R. H. Munday. The flowers sent to us were
exceedingly well formed, and of charming diversity of
colour. We do not think they show more of the latter
quality than the German varieties, but they seem to be
quite as good in every way as the best of those.

Plants tn Pots.— Averagk Wholesale Prices.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Charles Turner, Slough— Bulbs and Roots.

T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham — Bulbs,

Iris and Hardy Perennials, and Daffodils and Lilies.
G. E. Elliott, 97, Bradford Road, Huddersfield—

Flower Roots, Roses, &c.
Emil Liebig, Dresden — Plants.
Ralph Crossling, Penarth, South Wales — Roses,

Fruits. &c.
G. Cooling & Sons, Bath— Bulbs. &c.
Alf. Barker, 131, Holloway Road, London— Bulbs.
Damman & Co., Portici, Naples— Trade Catalogue of

Seeds.
Louts VAN HouTTE, Ghent— Plants.
James Mackay, Dublin— Bulbs.
Carter, Page & Co.. 53, London Wall— Bulbs.
TiLLiE & Turner, 12. Melbourne Place, Edinburgh —

Bulbs,
]os. Schwartz, Lyons— Roses.

James Yates, Stockport — Flowering Roots and Bulbs.
W. Baxter, Inverness — Bulbs.
The New Plant and Bulb Co., Colchester — Lilies,

Orchids, Bulbs.

Communications Received:— A. R.— W. T. T. D.-C. B.
P.— A. W. B.-J. F.-J. F. J.-H. E.— R. S. D.-Canada.
— W. J. P.— Engadine.-Prof. Savastano.— L. W. W.— J.
LaiDg & Co.— A Competitor,— J. Muir,- L. W. W.— W.
Kerr (next week).

arhds*

CO VENT GARDEN, September 11.

[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the Hst weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averag«s for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
leveral times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
II guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]

Nothing special to quote this week. Trade keeps
quiet, with heavy supplies. Prices of outdoor fruit
generally well maintained. James Webber^ Wholesale
Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. I. d. I s. d. s. d.

Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40 Melons, each .. 10-16

Figs, per dozen .. 06-09 Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 40-50
Grapes, per lb. . . 06-26 Praches. per doz. . . i o- 8 o
Kent Filbts..ioolb. 60 0-65 o Plums, j^-sieve .. 40-90
Lemons, per case , . 21 o- .. I Pears, French, doz. 10-19

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

d, s. d. s. d. s. d.

Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-.,

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-30
Onions, per bunch .. 06- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch., o 9- ..
Peas, English, quart 16-..
Radishes, per d 07. .. 16-..
Small salading. per

punnet . . ..04-,.

Spinach, per bushel 30-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-,.
Turnips, new. bun. .. 08-..

Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. ; Magnums, 7:"^. to8oj.
per ton. Trade very dull

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz 20-40

Aubergines, each .. 04- .,

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..

Cabbages, per doz. . , 16-20

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- .,

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 30-40

Celery, per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each . . 06-10

Endive. English, per
dozen .. ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

POTATOS.

Cut Flowers. — Averac
s. d. s. d.
Abtitilon. 12 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 30-60
Asters, 12 bunches . . 30-60
Bouvardias, per bun. o g- i o
Calceolaria,i2 sprays 04-10
Carnations, 12 bun. 20-60
Chrysanlh., 12 bun. ^0-90
— large, 12 blooms 3 c- 6 o
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 20-40
Dahlias, 12 bunches 30-60
Euchans, per doz. .. 40-80
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . ..20-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60
Gladiolus, various,

12 bunches .. 6 0-12 o

Heliotropes, issp. .. o 6- i o
Lapageria, white, la

blooms , . ..30-30

H Wholesale Prices.

s. d, s. d.
Lapageria, red, 12

blooms . . T t>- 2 o

Lavender, 12 bun. ..60 80
Marguerites. 12 bun. 30-60
Mienonelte, 12 bun. 10-40
Pelargoniums, per 12

spiays .. ..06-10

Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrethiirm, 12 bun. 20-60
Rhodanthes, 12 bun. 40-60
Roses {indfior), doz, i o- 4 o

— (outdoor), 12 bun 20-60

— coloured, doz . . 40-90
Stephanoti<, 12 j.pr. 40-80
Stocks, 12 bunches ..
Sweet Peas, 12 bun,
Sweet SuUan,i3 bun.
Tuberoses, per doz

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Art>or-vit;e (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen . . 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chrysanlh., dozen ..40-90
Cockscombs, doz. .. 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 20-40
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracxna term. doz.. .30 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz. .13 0-24 o
Erica, various, per

dozen ,. .. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 o-iS o

Evergreens, in var.»

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o
Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o
Ficus elasiica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . .
Fuchsias, per doz. . .
Hehotrope, doz.
Hydrangea, per doz.
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen

— lancifolium, doz.

— auratum, doz.
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen . .
Mignonette, per doz.
Myrtles, per doz. ..
Palms in variety,

each
Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen ..
— scarlet, per doz ..
Petunias, per dozen
Rhodanthes, p. dozen
Solanums, dozen

. d. s. d.

2 o-io o
30-60

30-60
9 0-18 o

6 o 18 o
6 0-18 o
12 0-24 o

8 0-12 o
30-60
6 0-12 o

2 6-31 o

40-90
20-60

30-60
40-60

9 0-15 O

SEEDS.

London : Sept. 10.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, report that there is an active business
now passing in those kinds of seeds wanted for present
sowing. Trifolium, which is getting somewhat scarce,
meets an improved demand at enhanced rates. Of
winter Tares the offering is falling off, and quotations
are consequently e.\ceedingly firm. Sowing Rye realises
full rates. Some samples of choice new American
red Clover seed have just arrived, but no transactions
therein have yet taken place. Canary seed is steady :
for Hemp seed, owing to some arrivals, lower prices
are being taken. In blue Peas there is no change.
Feeding Linseed firm.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday the inquiry for Wheat was
very restricted, and prices hardly held their own. The
trade in flour was much the same, English remaining
about unaltered. 01 foreign Wheat and flour the ten-
dency of prices was weak. The Barley trade was very
dull, and prices favoured buyers. Beans met very little
inquiry, and rates were without quotable change. Peas
closed IS. lower on the week. For Oats last Friday's im-
proved rates were asked, but the close was dull at
figures not up to that day's currency, but narrowed the
advance on the week to 3^/. — On Wednesday trade was
dull all round. English Wheat was very dull of sale,
without quotable change in value ; foreign difficult to
sell even at reduced rates. Barley was weaker for grind-
ing descriptions. Beans and Peas were unaltered and
inactive. For Oats the market was weak, and Maize was
dull and unchanged. — Average prices of corn for the
wetk ending September 6 : — Wheat, 34J. ^d. ; Barley,
32J. 3<2r. ; Oats. sos. For the corresponding period
last year : — Wheat, 41J. 3./. ; Barley, 321. lot/. ; Oats.
205. iid.

CATTLE.

At the Metropolitan Market cattle supplies were fairly
good, and included a full proportion of first quality beef,
for which the demand was steady ; secondary sorts were
dnll, and not in all cases supported. Of sheep the
number was small, and prices mostly 2d. per 8 lb. higher.
Calves sold slowly. The pig trade was wxitten unchanged.
Quotations : — Beasts, 4J. to 5f. 41^., and ^s. 6d. to
55. lod.; calves, 4j-. 4d. to ^s. Sd.\ sheep, 5J. to 5J. 6d.,
and 55. lod. to 6s. ^d. ; pigs, 41. to 4J. Sd. — Thursday's
trade was dull. Beasts sold slowly at drooping prices.
Sheep were dull and weak, and calves and pigs without
change.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whilechnpcl Market report states that
supplies were short, in consequence of the recent heavy
rain. Top price of Clover and hay advanced 2s. respec-
tively, and straw, which was in strong request, 2s.
Quotations : — Clover, first quality, 95J. to 117J. ; inferior,
60J. to 7$s. ; prime second cut, gos. to 1155. ; hay,
first quality, 80J. to 97J. ; inferior, 40J. to 651.; and straw,
28J. to 38J. per load. — On Thursday there was a good
supply with a fair trade, and prices were firm, especially
tor Clover, which was somewhat dearer. — The Cumber-
land market report slates that there has been rather more
demand tor best new. Prices : — Clover, prime old, loos.
to II2J. ; inferior, 60J. to 751. ; hay, prime old, 80J. to
90J. ; new, 70J. to 86.f. ; and straw, 301. to 35J. per load.

POTATOS.

The average of prices during the past week were as
follows : — Magnum Bonums, jos. to loor. ; kidneys, 75J.
to 90X. ; Roses, 70J. to gos.; and Regents, 8oj. to 90J.
per ton.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Bebside West Hartley, 14J. 9.7'. ; ICasi
Wylam, 15^. ; Walls End — Helton, 17^. 61/.; Helton
Lyons, 15^. 6d. ; Binchester, 15.1. 6rf. ; East Hartlepool,
16s. gd.'. South Hartlepool, 15J. gd,; Tces, lys. 6d.;
Lambton, 17s. ; Wear, i^s. 6d.

6 o

4 o

20-40

1 o

o 6-

White Jasmine, bun. 06-10

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at loi ,',^ to joi-i^,( for delivery, and loif'j to 1011'*^ for the
account. Tuesday's figures were 101^ to ioi| for
delivery, and as on the previous day lor the account.
The closing quotations of Wednesday and Thursday
were loij to loig for delivery, and loig to loit for the
c count.

September 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

349

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(LlMIlED),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.,

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the (^iieen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTE.\T10.W TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and HoUow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS*

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS,
which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser-
vatories, Churches. Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halls, Warehouses. Workshops, &c.
Tkty are Ou rualest, cheapest, ntast effective, and dural'le

o/any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

AxvArdedto it at tfte Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibit inn.
South KefKingtoH, London^ on yune 3, 1881.

CITUDIMAL SECTION

The youmal of Horticulture of June 9 says : —
" Heating Afparatls — A great number of boilers, valves,
&C., were exhibiied by eight competitors, and considerable in-
terest wiS manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of the different boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Meda) was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wii h-
OLt being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Garden of June 11 says : —
" The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a smalt consumption
of fuel."

Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
G,ttvanized Iron Cisterns, from t^d, to i^. dd, per gallon.

FOk
GLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpensive. Easily applied, Lasts all the
Bummer, and can then he easily washed off. la,, post 1/3.

For Fi:dn" Bloom in Azaleas, l^lY"! ^%LJ ^ O »
&c., and: for Cut Flowers. X\ W ^Jirl bd

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. Per post, 3d. extra,

HUCHES^^TYPTIC

For Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, |J||P|JCC'
Crickets, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. flUwnCw

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

lIo^t effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animala and Bed
Clothing. PnceGd., Is. &2s.6d. Per post, 3d. extra,

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, °l^;^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, if., 3J., and loj. dd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground- Boxes, td. and ir. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

BAMBOO CANES.— Thick for splitting and
thin for using whole. The largest holder in England.
P. B, HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS,

The above Labels are made ol a While Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — *' We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

G^ ARDEN REQUISITES,— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or other unskilled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks cquallyas well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourth the cost.

PRICES : -BLACK, u. 6d. per gallon ;
in casks, containing not less than 9 gallons,
delivered free at most railway stations.
Casks extra, but two-thirds allowed if re-
turned carriage paid to our works in good
condition, BRUSHES for coaling Iron-
work, Wood, or Stone, u. each,

CATALOGUES of all kinds 0/ Iron and li^ire Fencing^,
Gates, tS^c , Jree on application,

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ; and 3. Crooked
Lane, King William St., E.C. — Please name this paper.

RoBher's Garden Edging TUes.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
I suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no

further labour or expense,

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. m Artilicial Siune,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. RUSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

a I L V E R S~A N D,

*^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F, ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above,
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,
A liberal Discount to the Trade.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by
12 in., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in, by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in aoo-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock,

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.C

Stack List and Prices on application Quote Chronicle.

XriRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

' Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS. 10, Carlton Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide, i]>id., and 4 yaids wide, 31^. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecling Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, trum ■2%d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices,

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All tke usual
kinds at reduced lates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raflia Fibre, Netting and 'I'lflany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J BLACKBURN AND
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply ti.i the Sole Manii''ai:liirers —
BLAKE U MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE. LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S
WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEAl'HER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shadine. Pictorial, Floiver,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane, Liverpool.

CABSQN'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15.00J OF THE Nobility. Gentry, and Clhrgv.

Is extensively used for ail kind"; of

OUTDOOR WOBK, CONSERVATOHIES,
Greenhouses, Frames

CAN DB LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Civt., and Oil Mixture, Free lo all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 5S, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for Cash.

J, BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEbf STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOEODGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Word and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CA TALOGUE.
with Prices, Post-free.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WRIG-HT & HOLMES

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

kilTCHCATfi ROAD ,LONDON.N.W^

350

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1884.

Cucumber Frames.

P> HALLIDAY and C O . desire to
^'» draw special attention to iheir Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best mateijals. and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England: — £, s. d.
2-Iight frame, 8 feet by 6 feet
3-!ight frame, 12 feet by 6 feet
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and iraming for
brick pus at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY AND CO-. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton. Manchester.

n cngiana . — x* i-

1 Packing f ^ ^°
j" Cases free \ ^J ^

RICHARDSON'S

•T3
JO
O

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

>

THREE ^^.J^ ~
MEDALS ^^C;^,,
SOUTH KEN- ^^-<;'<^0

SINGTON, 18S3,

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

The Best

and Quickest

made.

4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, +r. ^d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6d. each.

p*^e List on applKaiion,

'^PHE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

-L BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid, Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguishedfor its Durability, Efficiency,:

Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flue;

Dividers. We guarantee this
are acquainted.

.nd Economy of Fuel.
Two Waterway Flue

-'^^_J^

300

6

15

0

400

«

5

0

SOO

9

10

0

600

10

15

0

700

12

5

0

850

13

IS

0

1000

15

10

0

iz.So

17

5

0

i6iio

ig

10

0

2000

22

10

0

oor,

ashp

it door

and

aars,

fi.e

bar

s, tllree

Boiler as the best with which

Price of Boiler
T Heat of a(id*selof

^°"£- 4-in. Pipe. Fittings.

A, 19 in. 150 feet £,$ lo o

B, 22 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in.

E, 28 in.

F, 32 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.
I, 48 in.
I. 54 >»•
K, Go in,

• Comprises full size double furnace door,
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bar
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience : — *' It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping m at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a greit number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron lioil-iis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Indeptiideiit Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate conipleie. and
6feet of funnel. This h called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fi.\ed in the end or f-ide
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the gl.is-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, £4 15 : loofeet si^e, ^5 15J,

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdoin.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

nay be

HOSE-HOSE-HOSE.

PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.

Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus proving
superiority of quality. Lai-ts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight. Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.

A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red

Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever.''

Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices.

Sample and Price ot

MERRYWEATHER & SONS,

Manufacturers, 63, Long Acre, London, W.C.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAM E-IM PACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, alter Public and formal challenges,

lo be the most economical 0/ fuel, tiu most powerful, the simplest,

and tlie cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial,

*' Pierce fie Id Park, Jii7te 21, 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm, Cox."

CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gales, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Stafltordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GKNERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers. Leeds,
Yorkshire.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.G. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
T.;4rge bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE CLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samnles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

The Best Book on Grapes.— Demy 8vo, HiRhly Illustrated
and Handsomely Bound in Cloih. 105. 61/'., post-free.

VINES and VINE CULTURE. By
Akciiiuald F. Barron, Euperintendtnl of the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens. Opinions of the Horti-
cultural Press :— The Journal of Horticulture says :— " It is
the most complete, and it will be accepted as the standard woi k
on the Vine." The Gardeners' Chronicle i^yiti — "It is emi-
nently practical and useful." The Garden ia.ys : — "It is un-
doubtedly the most exhaustive volume upon Vines and Vine
culture ever published." The Gardeners' Magazine say^:^*' It
will certainly take, and probably keep a leading place in the
class of literature to which it belongs." The Floriat and PomO'
legist says : — " There is nowhere to be found in our language so
complete and thorough a descriptive list of the best varieties of
Grapes." The Midland Counties Herald says : — " The whole
subject is dealt with exhaustively and authoritatively in plam,
expressive, and singularly concise language. " The Irish
Farmers' Gazette calls it : — " The most complete work of its kind
that has ever been issued from the British Press." — Journal oj
Horticulture Ollice, 171, Fleet Street, London, E.G. ; also to be
had of A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick.

With 143 Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo. s,s. dd.

DISEASES of FIELD and GARDEN
CROPS. Chitflysuch as are caustd by Fungi. By
WorthingtonG. Smith, F. L S., M.A. I..&C. With 143 New
Illustrations, Drawn and Engraved from Nature by the Author.
MACMILLAN and CO., London.

PARTNERSHIP.— A GENTLEMAN with a
capital of ;C^ooo. and a little experience in Gardening, is
anxious to meet with a Nurseryman concerning Partnership. —
P. P., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business,
— Kuil particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington street, Strand, London, W.C.

PARTNER REQUIRED in a First-class
Florist's Business 10 miles from town — a Gentleman with
capital to assist advertiser in further extending the same. There
are at present several hundred feet run of Glass Houses, filled
with a choice Collection of Plants. — PARTNER, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. 4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, where
two Others are kept. — He must have a good character
for sobiiety, honesty, and competency. His wife will be
required to take charge of the Lodge. — Apply, by letter only,
addressed J. G. GRACE, Esq., Springfield, Heme Hill
Station, S E.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER, where two others are kept. Wife would be
required to take Charge of House during absence of Family. —
Reply, stating full particulars and wages, to L. B., May's,
159, Piccadilly, W.

WANTED, a GARDENER, near London,
whose wife will undertake the Laundry. One Under
Gaidener. — O., Messrs. Vacher & Son, 39, Parliament Street,
London, S.W.

WANTED, as GARDENER, a respectable
married man. Must understand Vines, Cucumbers,
Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Unex-
ceptionable references required and a teatotaller preferred. —
Apply, by letter only, with full particulars, to Mr. R. T.
BOWMAN, Vernon House, Brixton Hill, S.W.

WANTED, a FOREMAN (Irish, Protest-
ant), to take the Working Charge of the Houses, under
the Head Gardener. — One who has been Foreman three or
four years, and net less than twenty-six years of age, and of good
personal character. Wages, 16s. per week, lodgings, and
vegetables. — Applv, stating all particulars, to HEAD GAR-
DENER, Glasslough, Co. Monaghan.

Seaham Harbour Cemetery.

WANTED, a suitable person to act as
REGISTRAR, SEXTON, and GARDENER.
Particulars of the duties can be had on application to the under-
signed. The person appointed will reside in the Cemetery
Lodge, on its completion, rent free, and be paid a weekly
wage of 26s. No personal canvas to be made by intending
candidates upon any member of the Burial Board. Applications
to be made in Candidate's own writing, stating age, references,
and other particulars, on or before Wednesday, September 24
inst.. addressed as under. -HENRY B. WRIGHT, Clerk to
the Burial Beard, Seaham Harbour.

WANTED, an INDOOR PROPAGATOR,
thoroughly up to producing Hardwooded and other
Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — Apply, stating where previou^ly
employed, age, and wages expected. &c,, to INDOOR PRO-
PAGATOR, C-ir-i'^'wcrj* C/ir(?«ic/f Office, 41. Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a steady, industrious, married
MAN, to take Charge of a Small Nursery in a Provin-
cial Town. He must be a good Propagator of Greenhouse
Plants. — Apply, by letter, stating particulars, to R. W. L ,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, E.

H. VERTEGANS is~ in WANT of a

• WORKING MAN, to lake Charge of his Branch
Nurseries at Malvern. Must be acquainted with Outdoor
Nursery Stock and its Cultivation, especially Orn.Tmmtal
Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs. Wages iZs. per week, with
small cottage on ground. — Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham.

ANTED, a steady willing YOUTH, for

the G.irdens. — Age, from 14 to 16. Must he well re-
commended One who has been employed in the Gardens pre-
ferred. Wages, loi. per week with lodgings.— GARDENfc-K,
The Grange. Old Windsor, Berks.

WANTED, a steady, sober, honest and
industrious MAN, for Outside Work in the Nursery.
None need apply who cannot be well recommended.— J.
HOUSE. Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, as SHOPMAN, a smart,
energetic young man. of good address. State wages
and full particulars. — J. M.. Gardeners' Chronicle Otlice, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Si llEMBER 13, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

351

WANTED, a steady young MAN, for the
Hoiises. Th-^rou^h knowlcd^;-; vif Pt rns. Pit I ms, and
b'lower Fottiug, &c.. required. Geniuin not objected to. State
wages required. A VACANCY aUo f^r .111 AFPHENTICK.
A good upeiiiug for a wcll-cducaied youth.— All panicuLirs in
fiisi instance by letter to T. JAlNNOCH, The Liiy Nuisery,
Dersingham, Norfolk.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Departmeiu, and in altcndinR Customers — Full
particulars as to experience, wages required. &c., to D. E. K.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 15^, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a steady, sober,
honest and obliging MAN, (or a Seed and Florist
Shop. — Apply, stating age. >al.iry. references, &c., to J.
HOUSE, g. Church Sirect, Pelei borough

WANTED, THREE NURSERY
LABOURERS, nccu^t-.iiisd lo Plaining. Wages i6j.
DM- week.— RIDER BROS., licatli Nurseries, Moortowo,
Leeds.

WANTED, a COWMAN, at Scarisbrick
Hall. To a steady, inousttiLUis, ^ober man (age about
30 or 33), this will prove a very conitortable place. The man
leaviii;- h-is been with me seven years, leaving of his own
accird The duties are to look after ten Cows, and milk the
sam- : to feed and attend to I'igs , to rear about twenty Calves
in ea:h year. Wa§es 20J. per week. A new cottage with
garden ai a low rent. — Kor aiiv furilur particulars, apply to
Mr. HEPIiUKN. Sciri.bnck Hall. Ormskiik.

WANT PLACES.

*** Gardeners and others seekine; situations
are WARNED to be careful in their deatintcs
■with so-called Horticultural As:ents, and are
CAUTIOXED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to kno-ui that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engage ments.

They are also sficcially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTJAfONIALS to Adver-
tisers wh" may be unknoiun to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILUI'S, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
limes upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W,C.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John D )wnie. Seed-^man, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at p e^ent on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £,^0 to ^loD per annum, and he wilt be pleased to suuply
full patticulars to any N ibleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

EI C H A R D SMITH an-D CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's iVurseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Oarston. are in a position to recommend a
capable trastwotthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

GARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept.— Age 22 ; practical experience in ait branches.
Good character. — J. B., Springfield Lodge, Chelmsford.

GARDENER (Head), where two orihree
are kept.— Age 26, married, no family ; thoroughly
understands the prLf^jsion. Good character.— W. W., Mr.
Andrews, Anyard's Road, Cobham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept.— Age 32, married ; wishes charge of establish-
ment.—For parriculars address GARDENER, Westerton,
Bridge of Allan, N.B.

GARDENER (Head), where three or four
are kept.— Age 30, married, one child; five years last
situation. Prize caids and characters will be sent to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring the same.— J. HERRIDGE, Lower
Assenden. Henley on-lhames, Oxon.

ARDENER (HEAD).— Age 44, married,

Scotch; thoroughly practical in all branches of Garden-
ing, including Laying-out of New Grounds and Management
of Land and Woods if required. Excttllent character and
references.— W. M.. Fruiterer, 13, East Bond Street, Leicester.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— A Lady

can confidently recommend her Head Gardener for a
position where the services of a thoroughly competent man are
required. Six years' character.— Mrs. FLETCHER, Holywell
Park, near Wrotham, Kent.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;

has a thorough practical knowledge of Fruits, Vines,
Melons, Cucumbe-s. Flower and Kitchen (^rdenmg ; eleven
and a half years' eocd character from present situation.— H. S
Northrepps, Norwich.

/^ARDENER (HE.AD).-Age 35, married;

VJI eighteen years" practical knowledge in all branches of
a Gentleman's establishment. Excellent character and ability. —
G. T.. 103. New Park Road. Brixton Hill, S.W.

rj-ARDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, no

V^ family ; thoroughly undcistands the general routine of a
large establishment. Stvcnteen years in present situation.
Leaving the end of October.— C. H. B.^iThe (hardens, Antony
House, Torpoint, Devonport.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, single ; has
a thorough kuowlcdyc ot Orchids and the whole loutiiie
of G.irdciuiig. Had seventeen >ears' practical experience, and
can l)e well rccominendeij. — \V. MAY, 14, Landseer Terrace,
Upper Wcslbourne Park, London, W.

GARDENER (Head), to any NoblcnLin or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly piactic.il m,m in the
Management of Pines, Vines, and General Fi uit Garden, Orchids,
Stove, Gieenlunise and other Plants, the Kitchen Garden, ^c. —
Age 35. Practical foundation taken troni the Gardens of Arundel
Castle. Higlily recommended Ten years' Head Gardener. —
HY. VICKKKY, Chalk Hill. Westend, Southampton.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
mariied : practicd in all branches. Wife could take
Laundry or Dairy. Stale particulars.— W. W. GARDENER,
41. Wellington Sireet, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age -7,
married ; fifteen years' experience in all branches. Land
and Stock if tcquiicd. Good reference.— M. W., Stecllands,
TiCchuist, Sussex.

C:j.ARDENER (He.ad Working).— Age 30,
-* uninarticd ; fourteen years' practical experience in good
est.iblishments. Highest references as to character and ability,
— D. MACKENZIE, lugmire Gardens. Sedbergh, Yorkshire.

GARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 42,
one child (age 9) ; well versed in Early and Late Forcing,
and the General Requirement o( a Large Esiabti^hmeiit. Firsi-
class refeiences — H. IRELAND, Iron Gates, near Ottery St.
Mary, Devon.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37 ;
Scotch. Twelve years in present situation Thoroughly
experienced in every branch of the profession. Highest leler-
ences Irom present and previous emplovers. — THuS. MAC-
DONALD, The Gardens. Ashficld, Grange Loan. Eainburgh.

/'^ARDENER (Head W^orking), where

VJ three or four are kept. — Married, no family ; six years in
present situation. Over twenty years' experience. Excellent
character fr^m present and previous employers. Wife would take
Charge of residence during absence cjf family. — H. LlTTLE,
Rusland Hall, Ulversion.

/ ^ARDENER, where one or more are kept.

VJ —Age 28, married ; well experienced in Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchtn Gardening.
Five years and eight months good character, — G. W., Gardener's
Cotiage, Belmont Road, Lee, S.E.

GARDENER(Germah),whohasfor a number
of years been employed in Franceand England, who speaks
English, and is thoroughly at home in the Cultivation of Fruits,
Flowers, and Vegetables, seeks engagement, if possible, with a
German family.- K. H., 47, Union S.reet. Commercial Road.E.

(^■^ ARDENER and LAUNDRESS. — Man

VJ and Wife as thorough. Both thoroughly understand
their duties. —A. B., G. Smith, Brighton Road, Surbiton.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 25,
single ; good knowledge of Vines, Cucumbe^^, Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. — J. PAINTER, The
Garden, Aldershot Park, Hants.

GARDENER (good Single-handed).—
Age 32, married, no lamily ; thoroughly understands his
duties— Wife assist in house. Good character.— A. HOLGATE,
16, Queen Road, West Chislehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Under).
— Age 26; four and a half years' good character from
last place. Willing to be useful. Abstainer. — F. W., 47
Alderbrook Road, Balham, S.W.

GARDENER (SECOND, or Single-
haniiEd). — Age 25 ; understands Vines, Peaches,
Melons, Cucumbers, flower and Kitchen Gardening. One
year and nine months' good character. — C. W., 55, Upper Park
Road, Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER (Second), in good establish-
ment. — Age 27; good testimonials. Bothy preferred.
— W. WHEELER, Bigg's Nursery, George Lane,
Lewisham. S.E.

ARDENER (SECOND), in the Houses.-

Age 22 ; willing to assist Outside if required. Good
knowledge of the profession. Good character. Abstainer — H.
HARRISON, 9A. Alkham Road, Stamfird Hill, N.

GARDENER (good Second), or otherwise.
—Age 26, married, no family; thoroughly understands
Orchids, Vines. Stove and Greenh'-iuse Plants, Forcing, Kitchen
and Flower Gardening. Can be highly recommended — GAR-
DENER, Pain's Hill, Cibham, Surrey.

ARDENER(Second), or JOURNEYMAN

IQ thfi Houses in a good establishment. — Age 2t ; good
character. Bothy preferred.— A. WRItiHT, The Gardens
West Harling Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. '

GARDENER (Second), or good J OURNEY-
MAN ; age 23 —Mr. Howell, Fredville Park, Wingham,
Kent, can strongly recommend T Fuller as above. Two and
five years' good character.— T. FULLER, i, Gladstone Villa,
Southfields, London. S.W.

/^ARDENER i;Under), Indoors or Out.—

^^ Age 28 : has a good knowledge of General Routine.
Please stale wages.— R K , «c8, Kennington Road. S.E.

ARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single;

willing and obliging. Good character. — G., Ivy Cottage,
Lower Stourmouth. near V/ingham. Kent.

C:i ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; strong
'* and active. Character indisputable. Cause of leaving
through death of employer.— F. BELFIELD, 15, Red Lion
Street, Richmond, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEY^
MAN, in the Houses. — Age 23; can be highly recom-
mended. Two and a half years in last place. Total abstainer,
— F. H. J., Ashton, near (5undle, Northamptonshire.

MANAGER, in a Nursery, Florist, Seed,
or Fiuit iiusiness. — Middlc-and ; piactical experience.
Wife cuuld assist. Both competent and highly respeciahle. Cin
be highly lecomniended. — FLORIST. 153, Albany Street, N.W.

L'^OREMAN (or Head) where one or two

i- are kept.— Age 36 ; fifbt-ctass recommendations fiom
present and previous employers. Twelve years' experience —
W. SPOWAGE, Gardens, Terling Park, Hailow, fcsstx.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
26 ; first-cla>s references as to character and ability. —
GEORGE LEONARD, The Lodge, Teddington, Middlesex.

FORE MAN. — Thoroughly understands
Vinery, Fernery, &c. For sonic lime in largest Orchid
Establishment in France. Highest relctences. Bothy Jire-
ferred. — R. C, 180, High Street. Southampton.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26; ten
ye.^rs' good practic.il experience in the Propagating and
Grovviiig of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peache*,
Melons, Cucumbers. S:c. Excellent referencet,- -A W., Munn,
Stationer, Elgin Road, Maida Vale, N.W.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment-
Age 25; understands Cucumbers, Melons, Vines, Pines,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, — Mr. G. II. Gkeen, G.irdener,
Enville Hall, Stourbridge, StalTordsIiire, can with confidence
recommend a man as above.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and
GROWER, for Maiket, or wonkl take the Mmagtnict
of a Branch Nursery. — .^ge 26. Twelve years in L-jiiUou
Market trade. Good character.- C. JOHNSON, Paddcck
Wood, Kent.

Tj^OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR.—

J- Fifteen years' experience in Roses, Clematis, Conifers,
also Stove, Greenhouse, and Bedding Plants, Good character.
— T. F., 15, Claremont View, Bowerh im Lane, Lancaster.

FOREMAN (General), or Second, in a
good establishment — .\ge a6 ; thorough knowledge of
all branches.— C, Mr. Bible, Woodfield, Stevenage. Herts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, where
Plants and Cut Flowers aie required in large quantities.
Good references. — C. W., Mr. J. Law, Baynton Terrace,

Edinburgh.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 25 ;
eleven years in London Nurseries. Well up in Grafting
Roses, Rh<idodendrons, Clematis, Conifers, &c. — A. B,, i,
Richmond Villas, Chapel End, Walthamstow.

T OURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a good

'-' eilablishment.— Age 23; good character from last and
previous places. Bothy prelerred. — J. LEE, Nun Monkton,
near Yjrk.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. —Age 19;

t-' four years' experience. Can be well recommended by
present employer. — Please state terms to W. Blunt, The
Gardens, Wellbury, Hitchin, Herts.

'■pO NOBLEMEN and~GENTLEMEN.—

A- The Advertiser (age 37, married) is desirous of Taking
Charge of extensive Gardens and Glass, where the Surplus is
Sold to Defray Expenses ; good Forcer of Fruits. Flowers and
Vegetables. Highly recommended. — C, Mr. H. Dale, 231,
High Road, Lee, Kent,

O GROWERS of PLANTS.— The Adver-

tiser is a thorough practical man. Special knowledge of
Palms and Ferns.— C. N., 22, Sabine Road, Lavender Hill,
London, S.W.

IMPROVER, in a large Garden, in Houses,
under a Foreman — Ag;e 18; tw.j years' experience. — C
DAVIES, Halswell Gardens, Bridgwater, Somerset.

TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle-

J- man's garden ; age 16, — G. Kemi-, The Gardens, Downe
Hall, Downe, Kent, can recommend a young man as above.

IMPROVER in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
Garden. — Age 19 ; four and a half years at Gardening.
Good references. — F. D. S., Gardeners' Chro nicle Office,
4t, Wellington Street, W.C.

IMPROVER in a Nursery.— A young man
(21), strong, active, desirous of improvement, wishes a
situation outside in a good English Nursery. Has been four
years at the Trade.— J. C, R. B. Laird & Sons, Seedsmen,

Edinburgh.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting charactkr and abilities. —
T. H.. 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 30 ;
several vears' experience. Thorough knowledge of Farm
and Garden Seeds. Bulbs, &c. Knows Plants. — A. M.. tr,
Black Street, cff" Parliamentary Road, Glasgow.

To the Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Eight years'
experience. Good references. — R. M., 14, Huntley
Street. Bedford Square, W.C.

To tlie Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Four years' expe-
rien e.— For reference, &c., D. MACKENZIE, 8, Hadden
Street, Aberdeen.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
— A frequent cause of gout and rheumatism is the in-
flammatory state of the blood attended with had digestion and
general debility. A few doses of the Pills taken in lime are an
effectual preventive against gout and rheumatism. Any one
who has an attack of either should use Holloway's Ointment
also, the powerful action of which, combined with the operation
of the Pills, must infallibly effect a cure. These Pills act directly
on the blood, which they purify and improve. Having once
subdued the severity of these diseases, perseverance with the
Ointment, after fomenting the affected joints with warm brine,
wiU speedily relax all stiffness and prevent any permanent
contraction.

352

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 13, 1S84.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BTJNHILL ROW. LONDON, E-C.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOUT PTTTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING

Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.

Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. BELLI WELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber?, Westminster, S.W,

DEANE
CONSFRVATORI'^S

& CO.'S

k GREENHOUSES.

The prices given include ERECTING COMPLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miks of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... 15ft. bygft. .. 20ft. by 12ft. .. 25ft. by 15ft.
Price .. £,yi. .. £^-2 10s. .. ^58.

LEAN-TO GPEENHOUSE.
Size.. loft. by 6ft. i2f[. by 8ft. isfi. by lofl. aori. by izft.
Price. £i<^ loj. _ ^23 loj. £-ig 10s. £\o.

Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
LOUGH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, corripleie as shown,
wiih 12 ft. of4-in. Hot-water
Pipe, .^4 45.

The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-
ratus made. It requires
no brick selling, no stokehole, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and burns more ihan twelve hours without attention.

Price of AppaT.-itus for houses of any size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE &

{i^-J:tf)- LONDON

CO.,
BRIDGE.

■ 20 i

mcc

rzrz

J-M-l l.l-J-J-'i ■'

■^hoWesifariS

nedc

1'

• [oVes 4

m

iiriiiiiri

0

Ill IF

%

5 'Mm

B

1

ff

w^

iti

i

0

-

;

1

' =

1

l-i J> t=

^f=^ c—

1^ 4-- -~^^,=r- 1

l^RTwir

Illllilfatcd_C:lUllJ^;uc^. of Art Cor.servat .iies., Ciowin^ House;,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, L-.^jht-,, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.

London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,

BEG TO SOLICIT ORDERS FOR

DUTCH and FKENCH BTJLBS, NARCISSUS, and Miscellaneous BULBOUS PLANTS,

Just received in fine condition.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS, ROCK and ALPINE PLANTS,

Now in fine quantity and condition at our Eroxbourne Nursery.

POT ROSES for FORCING and POT CULTURE,

Now arranged for purpose of selection at Cheshunt,

STRAWBERRIES, TRANSPLANTED RUNNERS and in SMALL P0T3,

Including the ^'ew Early Pauline and the American Hot Weather Strawberries.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES of the above Post-free on application.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT.

ii

(NEW IMPLEMENT.)

THE PHCENIX"

COIBIHED HOEII(} KM RAE:I]5& IACHIITE,

FOR GARDEN WALKS AND CARRIAGE DRIVES (Patented),

Will Hoe and Rake efficiently a Space of Gardeii Walk or Carriage Drive 2 feet 6 inches in width ,

as fast as a pony luill walk.

Used by Her Majesty's Board of Works for the Phccnix Park ;
by Trinity College for its Botanic Gardens ; also in the Gaidens
of His Grace the Duke of Leinsier, the Karl of Granaid, and
several of the Nobiiity and Gentry.

This Machine will be found simply invaluab'e io E^tabli^h-
nients where even a moderate number of Walks and Avenues
have to be kept in order, it being calculated lo do, in a mere
tfiicient manner, as much work in a day as thirty men.

"Mr. Knowlden. Head Gardener to His Grace the Duke
of Leinster, states that all the year through the Pho:aix Machine
^~r with him is. equal to at least three e.Mra hands."

Price £5 5s.

List of Testimonials, Press Notices, and fuller information on
application to the Proprietor —

THOMAS MOORE,

39, LOWER ORMOND QUAY, DUBLIN,
English Depot : 1 & 2, FULTON STREET. LIVERPOOL.

W. C. SMITH & CO,,

WORKS,

__„ VICTORIA

BUEY 8T. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses.

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Branches.
CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS Free.

PLANT PROTECTORS, CUCUMBER and MELON FRAMES, always in stock.
Horticultural Buildings of every description in Iron or Wood.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greeuiiouses, Peach Houses, Forcliiir Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work*
and that thr vkrv brst.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to (he larger. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed

mall cases. Uelou Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, «c., always in siock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers tuaited on in any part of the Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIAL

?rt?e^'bv Wmm^m'k.charbs'' 'Ttfhta^.t '"r 'm*"" Editor : " Advertisements and Business Letters .0 "The Publisher," .-.t the Office. 4.. Wellincton Street. Covent 0.-.rden, London. W.C.
the saUWtLu'AM r'chakds, « thrbffice. 4° WelliL %°' ^ff"",^ ^^"fl ^'^f^' "' Whi.efriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published

A.,.n. f„,. M,„-t„." 1°°..: ,?_ ^'' '^^"sh of St. Pauls, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. September 13, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John HavivoOD.

Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

hSARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstatjUfiiijeti i84i.

No. 560.— Vol. XXII.{s^r1eU SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1884.

{Registered nt the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.

Price 6d.

'Post-free, sjrf.

CONTENTS.

Acer NcRundo and other
shrubs . . . .

Adiantum Ferguson!

j^cidium berberidis

Apples at Gloucester

Arboreturr.

Begnnias, tuberous, for
bedding . .

Bentham. Gcorce

Bresiau Botanic Garden ,

Cfttileya Walkeriana . .

Coetogyne Garf'neriana. .

Chiswick Red Tomato . .

Cierodendron la:tiduni ..

Colonial notes ..

Cypnpedium iosigne

Damson, the Cntieuden .

Edge Hall

Essex Field Club

Ferns, new garden

Flower gardcti. the

Flowers m season

Flower-pot, a new

Forest industries in the
United Slates of Amer-
ica

Forestry Exhibition, the

Fruit gathering and stor-
ing -.
II growmg in Kent ,.
,. trees in Turkestan

Ghent horticultural meet-
ing

Grapes at the Health
Exhibition

Gymnogramma Latham-

Hardy fruit garden, the .
Hedychiums. h>brid ..
Hibiscus s) I iacus
Hybrids, fertility of

3^7
36-
375 I
375 I
365 1

366
368
370
3^4
364
370
374
3"4
364
372
366
37'
3fio
361
364

370
377

361
372

377

371

371

360
397
375

364
362

Hydrangea quercifolia ..

India, a holiday trip in..

Kitchen garden, the

Lilium auratum . .

Lynford Hall. Norfolk ..

Melbourne Botanic Gar-
den

Narcissus serotinus

Odcintoglossum Pesca-
torei . . . . _

Oncidiums for the inter-
mediate-house . .

Ochid notes

Orniihogalum gracile . .

Pansies. fancy, at Boreat-
tou

Pea, Veitch's Selected
Early ..

Peas, early

Planera Richardii

Propagator, the . .

Root lusion

Roses in Melbourne

Saccolabium bellinum . .

Spergula, the golden

Societies, reports of: —
Dundee Horticultural
Royal Caledonian Hor-
ticultural
Samford district cot-
tagers' show . .

Vandas

Vegetation, North Amer-
ican
Weather, the
Woods and rainfall
Wof-d, the ripening of

Vine

World's Exposition, New

Orleans, the
Yeast fungi

370
30 1
3'7
375
350

3S
364

364

363
361
374

374
374
365
366
375
364
364
371

375

37'

377
3t>4

374
373

363

J.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Damson, the Crittenden 373

Flower- pot, a new . - 375

Hydrangea quercifolia 3^9

Lynfora Hall 3'^i

„ „ the Flower Garden at 365

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S.W.
GREAT EXHIBITION of GRAPES, and other FRUITS
and VEGETABLES, in connection with the International
Health Exhibition, in the Conseivatory, on TUESDAY
NEXT, the nji inst.

THE ELEVENTH GRAND INTER-
NATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held
at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. S.E., on OCTOBER S. 9, 10,
when upwards o( ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS
will be awarded in prizes. Entries close on September 29.
For particulars apply 10

P. McKINLAY, Croydon Road Anerley, S.E.

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held at the Royal

Aquarium, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY. November 12

(oart cost of cartage will be refunded to plant exhibitors).

Schedules free on application to

WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries Hackney, London, E.
The NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE
(price 6J-) may also be had 00 application.

I'nte'rnXtional inventions
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Division I., JNl^EXTiONS. Division IL, MUSIC.
Patron— WuR Majesty thb Queen.
President— H MM. the Prince of Wales. KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Korms, which will be supplied on application to the
•SECRETARY. International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kenvington. S.W. : or to Mr. E. J. PaYNE, 1, Bennett's Hiil.
Ei mintham. These must be filled up and returned on or
beicre NuVEMBERi, 1884.

REE CARNATIONS, fine bushy plants,

10 flower this winter, of Miss Joliffe. A. Alegatiere,
Purity, La Relle, and others. 4:^- P" 'Oo^ BOUVARDIAS,
fine bushy plants, in 48 pots. 20 to 30 shoots, all the best kinds,
4CS per 100.— W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster.

INDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of
L. neilgherrense, is. 6J. each ; L. Wallichianum, 2,r. 6d.
and 3J. 6d. each ; L. polyphyltum. 2s. td. and 35. td. each.

'1 he usual allowance to the Trade. All Orders for 25^. carnage
paid to London. Remittance ihrough post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready lo li't in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Koiagin. Nilgiiis, India.

N

EW YELLOW CARNATION,

"PRIDE of PENSHURST."

A marvellously free bloomer and vigorous grower, perfectly

hardy, forces well.

Plants ready about October, Price 5J. a pair.

Cash with Order. Trade Price en application.

F. BRIDGER, Penshurst Place, Penshnrst,

OTRAWBERRIES.— Viscountess and Presi-

^^ dent, old forced plants, out of s-inch pots. First-class stuff
very cheap.

WILLIAM INGLIS, Seed Merchant, Kelso, N,B.

FLORIST'S FLOWERS.— I beg to intimate
that my Grand Collection of PANSIES, PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS, ANTIKRHINUMS. DAHLIAS, Single
and Double, are now in tine flower at my Nursery, Beech Hill,
near Edinburgh. Inspection invited.
JOHN DOWNI E, Nurseryman, m. Princes Si,, Edinburgh.

Established 1860.
V. REES (Lite Robert Parker) Harijy

Herbaceous .ind Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS,
IRIS GKRMANICA, PHLO.XES, POTENTILLAS,
P.EONIES, &c. S:Uctions of loo showy varieties from 5oi.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country

E.\otic Nursery. Tooting, Surrey, S W.

To tbe Trade

WM. CROWE begs to offer the following
• BOUVARDIAS, as strong plants, in 6o's, lit for
shifting into 48's at once :— Jasminoides, Humb. corymbiflora,
Alf. Neuner, Dazzler, Queen of Roses, &c., aaj. ()d. per 100,
,^10 per 1000; or my selection, in eight to ten sorts, 9or. per
100, £,<i per rooo : President Garfield (new), double pink, ^s,
perdisren, lis. per too. LIST of PALMS, FERNS, &c., on
application. Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.

Eyaclntlis. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG, VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CAT.iLOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E C.

TRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—

Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 3?. dd.
per 100 ; our ditto, 2J. ti. per loj ; 5C0 for loj. td. Plants in
sf-^-inch pots, izj. td. per 100 ; m 5-mch pots, 25T. per 100.
All ihs principal sorts grown, incluaiog British Queen, Dr.
Hogg, Jas. Veitch. Keens' SeedHng, President, Sir C. Napier.
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Casile, Vicomtesse H. de Thuty, and
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery. Altrincham

Strawberries (true to name).

CRANSTON'S NURSEKY and SEED
COMPANY {Limited) have a large quantity of Runners
and Pot Plants to offer, and will be pleased to send a Priced
LIST on application

King's Acre. Hereford.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS

are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.

LIST of varieties wiih Prices on application.

" A Book about Strawberries," yi.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

TRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large

6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price 15s. per
100, free to London. LIST, Trade Terms, Stc. , on applicaiion,
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, i,s. per
100. Plants, in small pots, tdi. per 100 ; ditto, in large
pots, 251. per 100. Descriptive l.TST free,

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

INES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, and

APRICOTS in Pots. The leadine kinds.
WILL TAYLER. Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and
Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, W.C. , begs to
infcrm Senders that the Cut Flower Season will now be coming
en, and will be pleased to Advise Applicants for Boxes, &c.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C..
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS. CU-
CUMBERS, STRAWBERRIES, and CHOICE FLOWERS.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^J giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C., hnve special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES, LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &o.

ACATTANEO, CoiMMissiON Salesman,
• ^4, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, isopen to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

ANTED, a Collection of NATURAL

GRASSES, with P.^pular and Scientific Names.
FESTUCA, Gardintri Chronicle Office, 4t, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, the ADDRESS of NURSERY
GROUNDS, within an hour's rail of London (Surrey
side)— Speciality, Forest Trees of good size, for tilling up
garden ; also tall Hollies for making hedge of some extent.
M, M., Mr. Wagner's, 12, Archer Sueet, Kensington Park, W.

CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA, — The
most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants— easily
raised from seed, which is thecheape^t way toobtain astock. ir.
per packetfabout lODSceds), ji 6d. per packet (iliout 300 seeds).
HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Early Flowering BulDa.

HURST AND SON have Stocks of the
following, and are prepared to make Special OfTeis oii
application : —

HYACINTHS. Early White Roman (new arrival, fiue).

L1"l1UmWnd\dUM. ANEMONE FULGENS.
Seed Warehouse, ts?, Houndsditch, London, E.

OR SALE, 10 large CAMELLIAS, 6
large AZALEAS, 10 CALANTHE VEITCHII, 1..
CALANTHE VESTITA, 14 PHAIUS GRANDIFOLIUS.
For price, &c., apply to

S. DANIEL, Gardener, Elsham House, Grantham.

RIZE FANCY PANSIES— 24 Cuttings,

12 best competition varieties, 41.. including Catherine
Agnes, William Cuthbertson, Archibald Grant (new, 1(84).
Dr. Paterson. Beaconstield. and other new, rare, and good
sTls. 12 Cuttings, 6 splendid varieties of 1884, for 4*. — a ra e
chance, as these were $s. each m spring.

M. CUTHBERTSON, Florist, Rothesay.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

WHOWAKD, Southgate, N., can supply
• good strong well furnished Plants, from the o^tm
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including the new
ones of this year also :— ADIANTUM cuneatum, in 48's and
32's, very good; do. farleyensis. in 48's CYPERUS akerni-
lolius variegatus. DRAC-ENA striata. Green, a fine variety for
Conserv.uoiy. GARDENIAS in all sizes. STEPHANOTIS
in all sizis. ASPIDISTRA lurida vanegatx

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Ilius-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR andSON. T2and 13. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C

OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builder*, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autiimn. ihat their
stock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present tinie is
the best *»' view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common. S.W.

H^ ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) lor Climbing and
Bedding, from 12^. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

BULBS T^x F O R C I N G^
CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, GLA-
DIOLI, Hardy FERNS and ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS in great variety, IRIS, Japanese
MAPLES. LILIES, NARCISSI, ORCHIDS, Filmy
FERNS. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS. Rare MOSSES,
NEW PLANTS. See our LIST No. 7r, just issued.
NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk, Colchester.

Dutch and other Bulbs

CHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consignment is to hand in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

E"U PHORB I A ~ J ACQUINIFLORA, strong
plants, with about six breaks, in 4^-inch pots, 70J. per
loj For ca.'-h only.

TURNER BROS.. Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hill
Nursery, Allerton, Liverpool.

SPECIAL CASH OFFER, of well estab-

O lished healthy plants-6 good varieties of BOUVARDIA»
including Alfred Neuner and President Garfield, 3-in. pots,
55. per dozen ; s-in. pots, 91. per dozen.

ROSES, Mar^ch^l Niel, z feet. 5-m. pots, <)s. per dozen.

CROTON, 6 good varieties, 5-in. pots, i2j. per dozen.

ADIANTUM CUNEAIUM, s-in. pots, first-rate stuff,
91. per dozen.

W. BARRACK. Castle Gardens, Kendal.

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, very strong, in
thumbs. 20J. per lo? ; well established in 48's, -jos. per
100. TEA ROSES, ISABELLA SPRUNT and SAFKANO,
good plants, in 5 inch pots, gr per dozen.
All for c^sh only.
ROBERTS BROS., East Grinslead, Sussex.

EstabllBhed 20 years.

HERBACEOUS PEONIES.
Now is the time to plant.
A very seltct Collection of ^bout 60 choicest varieties, in
various shades of Primrose, Lemon, Pink, Rose, White, Crim-
son, &.C., many o( them sweetly scented. Extra strong bloom-
ing plants 9f., i3f,, ard i8f. per dozer.

J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.

354

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

IVrESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

-LTJ. will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and (i8, Cheapside, E.G. (next door but one to
f|»?="'s Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS.
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers
67 and 68, Cheapside, B.C.

Olapham, S W.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Rose
Nursery. 30, High Street, Clapham. S.W., near the Clapham
Road Railway Station, on TUESDAY, September 23, at
12 o Clocklprecisely, by order of Mr. G. B. Fischer, the Surplus
Stock of STOVE andiGREENHOUSE PLANTS, the whole
of which are remarkably well grown, and in the best health and
condition, including .Aspidistras, Hoyas, Slephanotis, Dracainas,
ticus. Gardenias. Camellias, Azaleas, a fine assortment of
Palms and Ferns, two nearly new ; Conical Boilers. &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.

Ealing, w.

ABSOLUTE SALE of the whole of the STOCK in TRADE,

Horses, Van, and efjects, without the slightest reserve.

IMPORTANT to the TRADE.

"lyrESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

7V;7:^^*^^"°S sold the Nursery are now instructed to SELL by
AUCTION on the premises, the Haven Green Nursery,
Eahng, W., about ten minutes' walk from the Ealing Railway
Stations, on 'WEDNESDAY. Sept. 54, at tj o'clock precisely,
the whole of the well grown GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including about 20,000 Maidenhair Ferns in No. 24, 32, 48 ar.d
60 pots; Bouvardias. icod Lomaria gibba, 2300 Cyperus 2000
Marguerites, 8co Azaleas, 40C0 Geraniums, Palms. Pinks,
Carnation, Chrysanthemums, Evergreen and Deciduous
Shrubs, two HORSES, VAN, UTENSILS in TRADE, and
numerous effects.

May be viewed two days prior to the Sale. Cataloeues may
M had on the Premises: of Messrs. M. & H. TURNER,
Solicitors, 2j, Sackville Street. W. ; and of the Auctioneers
and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Brtxton, S.W.-Thursday and Friday Next.

Five minutes' walk from Loughborough Junction Station, and
only 2>^ miles from the City or West End.

Sale of the VALUABLE LEASE, PLANT. HOUSEHOLD
FURNITURE, and effects.— Two Days' Sale.

TV/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

^■^ are instructed by Mr. E. Dowliog (who is retiring) to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Swiss Nursery,
Angel Road, Brixton, S.W., on THURSDAY and FRIDAY.
September 25 and 26, at 12 o'Clock precisely, the beneficial
INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, comprising
Half an Acre of Ground with 7 Greenhouses, held for an un-
expired term of nearly Forty Years at a quit-rent of only rs. per
annum. Also the Interest in the Agreement for Lease of piece
of GARDEN GROUND, situate in Arlington Place, wilh 3
Greenhouses. Immediately following the Sale of the Leases
will be offered in lots the whole of the GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, large Azaleas and Camellias Palms, Ferns, Shrubs,
and UTENSILS in TRADE ; also the HOUSEHOLD
FURNITURE, and EFFECTS, comprising about 160 lots
of the usual description.

May be viewed (the furniture only) one day previously to the
Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C.

N.B.— The FIRST DAY'S SALE will comprise the
LEASES. PLANTS.andOUTDOOREFFECTS. SECOND
DAY, HOUiiEHOLD FURNITURE.

Friday Next.
VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
areinstructedbyMr. F. Sander to SELLby AUCTION
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C , on
FRIDAY NEXT, September 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a grand lot of VANDA SANDERIANA, CALAN-
THE VERATRl FOLIA, superb masses of CATTLEYA
DOWIANA and GIGAS IMPERIAHS. ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, several plants of a superb form
of AERlDESin flower, two lovely SOBRALIASof very dwarf
habit, and some fine NEW ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flo-werlng Orchids. -Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in Flower will take place on TUESDAY,
September 30, and they will be glad to receive an intimation
from Gentlemen desirous of including Lots on or before the
20th inst.

Sale 217.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the
well-known COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, formed by Oscar Lamarche, Esq , of Liege,
and enjoying a reputation probably unequalled on the
Continent.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL the above
Collection by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside. 'London. E.G.. on TUESDAY, October 7. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Many grand things will be
uicluded, amongst others may be mentioned :—
Vanda Lowi, an unique speci- Cattleya Gaskelliana, white

men with thirty-two leaves | variety

Dendrobium Shrtederi , „ IVianac'alba

,, Gimberti ; Anguloa kuclceriana

Cypripedium Haynaldianum . Ccelogyne Massangeana vera

,, Stonei [ Oncidium tetracopis

., Dominianum , Vaodas in variety," a grand

Masdevallia troglodytes I lot

Laelia superbiens I Laelia Perrini

Catalogues may now be had on application at 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

BrlglitOIl.

By order of the Executors of the late Mr. Thomas Killick.
IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY
STOCK. PLANTS. HORSES, FURNITURE, and
Effects.
To Gentlemen and others intending Planting this season.

ly/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

XT_L (in conjunction with Mr. G. Attree) are instructed to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Nursery. Dyke
Road, Brighton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, Octo-
ber 8 and Q, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, the whole of the
beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which is in capital
condition for removal, comprising thousands of Border Shrubs
in fine assortment. 4500 Aucubas, about 400 of which are
unusually fine plants, from 3 to 4 feet high ; 15,000 Dwarf
Roses. Standard Roses, Fruit Trees in variety, large quantities
of Limes, Poplars, and other Ornamental Trees, the whole of
the Greenhouse Plants, sixty unglazed SASHES. AGRICUL-
TURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOIICULTURAL REQUI-
SITES, capital WAGGON, TUMBRILand Spring CARTS,
BayGELDINGXhestnutPONY. Bay PONY, HARNESS, and
the remaining HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, WARDROBE,
CHIMNEY-GLASSES, and other items of the usual descrip-
tion.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues are
now ready, and may be had on the Premises; of Messrs.
CLARKE AND HOWLETT, Solicitors, 8. Ship Street,
Brighton; at Mr. ATTREE'S Offices. 136, North Street,
Brighton; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C,
and Leytonstone.

N.B. To be SOLD, the valuable FREEHOLD BUILD-
ING ESTATE, being that portion of the Nursery situate on
the eastern side of Dyke Road, with the Dwelling-house stand-
ing thereon, and having an area ot about 4 Acres, with a
frontage of 300 feet to Dyke Road, particularly eligible for the
erection of superior residences. For particulars and terms
apply to Mr. ATTREE, or Messrs. PROTHEROE and
MORRIS, as above.

Wimbledon. S.W.— Preliminary Notice.

GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of unusually well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, in consequence of the expiration of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nursery.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. D. S. Thomson to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Wimbledon, on
MONDAY, October 20, and three following days, about
10 Acres of remarkably well-grown Nursery Stock.

Further particulars of which will be Advertised.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.. regularly three times a week as above,
largeconsignmenlsoffirsi-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'Clock. finishing generally about 5 o'Clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Highly Important Sale of Specimen Orchids.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTIO ^^, at his Great Rooms, ^8,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURbDAY,
September 25, at half-past t2 o'Clock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS formed by the late T. D.
Cunningham Graham, Esq., Dunlop House, Dunlop, Ayrshire,
and now belonging lo his late Gardener, Mr. D. Kemp, who
intends to dispose of the whole entirety without reserve. The
collection comprises, amongst other rare and valuable things: —
Vanda Sanderiana, well-rooted

plant
Cypripedium caudatum, 2 feet

across
Dendrochilum fiUforme
Ccelogyne Massangeana
Vanda suavis (Veitch's var. )
Masdevallia Harryana splen-

dens
Cypripedium microchilum
,, insigne Maulei
I, euryandium
Dendrochilum densiflorum
,, Guibertii

,, thyrsiflorum Walker-
ianum
Epidendrum prismatocarpum

"Veitch"
Vanda insignis, true
Cymbidium Lowianum, fine
plant of Russel's var.
Also other magnificent specimen VANDAS, a grand plant of
CYPRIPEDIUM DOMINIANUM. with over 30 young
growths; splendid specimen CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA,
over 103 Bulbs and 23young growths; AERIDES. SACCOLA-
BIUMS, CCELOGYNES. uDONTOGLOSSUMS, L^LIAS,
ONCIDIUMS. PHAL^NOPSIS, CALANTHES. a few
NEPENTHES, &c., all in the grandest possible health.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Waltham Cross, N.— Without Reserve.

MR. J. TYDEMAN will SELL by
AUCTION, on TUESDAY, September 23, at 2 o'Clock
sharp (unless a suitable offer is previously made lor the Whole
Collection), at the Nurseries, Waltham Cross, a VALUABLE
COLLECTION ofSPECIMEN STOVE and GREEN HOUSE
PLANTS, the property of Mr. E. Tudgey, of the " Exotic"
Nurseries, Waltham Cross (late of Worcester), and sold in conse-
quence of his giving up Exhibiting, including well grown speci-
mens of Azalea indica, Cape Ericas, Genetyllis, Aphelexis, Phoc-
Docomas, Dracophyllums, Stephanoiis, Allamandas, Cleroden-
drons. Francisceas, Rondeletias. Specimen Palms, Anthuriums,
Crotons, &c. ; also a quantity of hard-wooded Heaths m 6-inch
pols, and Palms in 4-uich pots. This well-known collection has
taken first prizes at the London and Provincial Shows, viz, : —
Regent's Park, South Kensington, Crystal Palace, Manchester,
and elsewhere, and includes some of the finest grown specimens
in the country. Also two Exhibition Plant VANS, in good repair.
Full particulars of Mr. J. TYDEMAN. Auctioneer and
Valuer, Waltham Cross, N.

Melbourne Nursery. Anerley.

Lately occupied by the General Horticultural Company.

MESSRS. MEAKIN, MAY and MAY will
SELL or LET by AUCTION, at the Mart, Token-
house Yard, E.C, on TUESDAY, .^^eptember 23. at a o'Clock,
the above valuable FREEHOLD PROPERTY, coveting
over 2 Acres, and having Greenhouses and Conservatories lover
30,000 feet of glass), Engine, Furnaces, Manager's House, &c.,
all in working order. Excellent frontages to main roads.

Particulars, Plans, and Conditions at the Mart, of Messrs.
JESSOPP AND SON, Bedford ; and of the Auctioneers,
III, Anerley Road, Anerley, S.£.

Angra;cum sesquipedale, very

large, 4 feet high
Miltonia Ctowesii majus, 2 feet

across
Vanda Lowii, splendid

healthy plant
Cypiipedium grande, two

strong growths
Cattleya I'rianae Massangeana
Cypripedium selligerum majus

,, punctatum violaceum
Vanda suavis, Manchester

var.
Zygopetalum Sedeni
Cypripedium albo-purpureum
Lselia anceps Hilli
Vanda Lowii, splendid plant
Lselia anceps Barkerii
Cypripedium marmorophyllum
LEclia purpurata alba
Sobralia zantholeuca, true

To Gentlemen. Nurserymen, and others Planting.

SALE of a most valuable and extensive COLLECTION of
ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CONIFER/E,
and FRUIT TREES.

"IX/TR. THOS. NEALE, has received instruc-

-i-'-i- tions from Messrs. J. Frettingham & Son, of Stapleford.
near Sandiacre Station. Notts, to SELL by AUCTION, on
Tuesday, September 23, at 1 o'Clock, on a portion of land
recently sold by them, and which has to be cleared, 50C0 to
6co3 Gold and Silver Queen HOLLIES, from i to 3 to 5 feet, all
upon their own roots, including some very fine specimens— a
magnificent lot ; 8od Portugal and Common LAURELS, aoo
English YEWS, THUIOPSI^ DOLABRATA, 5C0 RHO-
DODENDRONS. PINUS AUSTRIACA. Weeping ELMS.
CUPRESbUS, RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA. :oj
LAUREL ROTUND] FLORA, AUCUBA JAFONICa,
Standard and Pyramid APPLES, best known varieties, in bear-
ing condition: Specimen CEDRUS DEODARA, ARAU-
CaRIA IMBRICATA, 9 to 12 feet high, the whole in
splendid condition for removal, having been frequently trans*
planted.

The place of sale is situate near the Stapleford Nurseries,
about ten minutes' walk from the Sandiacre Station, on the
Erewash Valley Railway.

Descriptive Catalogues may be had on application, by post or
oiherwise. to the Auctioneer, Wheelergate, Nottingham; and of
Messrs. FRETTINGHAM and SON. Bromley House,
Nottingham ; the Stand, Arcade, Dei by; and at the Staple'crJ
Nurseries.

Eccleston Nursery, Prescot.

IMPORTANT SALE of excellent NURSERY STOCK,
HOLLIES. RHODODENDRONS. AUCUBAS. AN-
DROMEDAS, YEWS, LIME TREES, CAMELLIAS,
CONIFERj'E, and other valuable productions, which have
been transplanted within three years.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
are instructed by Mr. John Stead, to SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, September 24, at :2 o'Clock
prompt, at Eccleston Nursery, Prescot. Lancasbue, about
30C0 valuable EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

The whole may be inspected one week prior to Sale, and
Catalogues obtained from Mr. STEAD, or now on applicatioa
to the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.

435. Fulham Road, West Brompton, S.W.

MESSRS. HENRY OUGHTON and
SON will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as
above, on FRIDAY, September 26, at 1 o'Clock precisely
about 1000 PLANTS, GREENHOUSES, HOTHOUSES.
FRAMKS, LIGHTS. Stained GLASS SUMMER-HOUSE,
FOU.NTAINS. FLOWER-STANDS, GARDEN ROLLER,
TOOLS, and SUNDRIES.

On view the day previous and morning of Sale. Catalogues
may be had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers, 165, Sloane
Sireet, S.W.

Great Clearance Sale of Flrat-clasB Nursery Stock.

MESSRS. MORRISON BROTHERS,
Forbesfield Nursery, Aberdeen, being obliged to clear
about 20 Acres of their Land, have decided to SELL the
greater part of their valuable Stock by AUCTION, on
THURSDAY, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY, October 2. 3,
and 4. 1 hey will offer, in Lots to suit purchasers, upwards of
30,000 Dwarf ROSES, all cf the finest varieties; 10.000 fine
named RHODODENDRONS. 20.000 GOOSEBERRIESand
CURKANTS, many hundred thousand fine CONIFERS.
TREES and SHRUBS of all sizes, all of which, having been
kept frequently removed, cannot fail to give sati^factlOn.

A List is now being prepared, and will be sent, when ready,
free to any address on application. Intending planters will do
well to examine the Stock previous to Sale.

Sept. 2, 1S84.

Royal Oak Nursery, Goldsworth, Woking.

Close to Goldsworth Old Nursery, i mile from Station of London

and South- Western Railway.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.-CLEARANCE SALE.

MR. H. W. COP US is favoured with in-
structions from Mr. Newey. who is giving up Business
in consequence of Expiration of Lease, to SELL by AUCTION,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 8 and 9,
at 12 o'Clock precisely, the whole of the fine grown
NURSERY STOCK, comprising ao.oco (6 in. to 2^ ft)
Rhododendrons and Stocks, 2000 Aucuba japonica, 5000
Green and Variegated Holly, 1 to 7 ft.; Perry's Weeping
and Golden Holly, icoo Roses, standard and half-standard,
true to name : 5000 Ligustrum ovalifolium, 2 to 4 f L :
Cotoneaster Simonsii, 4000 Spruce Firs, 10 0( o Common
Laurels, 6 in. to 3 ft.: Laurustinus, 10. coo Chestnut. 2 to s ft.;
4CO0 Yews, 2 to 6 It.; fine well furnished Green and Variegated
Box, Lawsoniana viridis, 2 lo 4 ft., Deutzia gracilis, large
quantity of well grown Specimen and Border Plants, Flowering
Shrubs, Virginian Creepers, Ivies, Gooseberries, Currants. &c.
Catalogues can be had post-free of the Auctioneer. 16, Fri.iry
Street. Guildford, Surrey, or at the Nursery. Woking. Surrey.

Preliminary AnnouncemeDt.

WHITTINGTON NURSERIES, near LICHFIELD.

MR. GEO. MARSDEN is instructed by Mr.
Holmes to SELL by AUCTION, at the above Nurseries,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 22 and 23, 1884,
commencing at 10 o'Clock each day, a magnificent selection
from this well-known Nursery, comprising several thousands of
Stand.ird APPLES and PEARS. Pyr.imid PEARS on Quince,
LAKCH, OAK, SPKUCE FIRS, &c. : EVERGREEfJ and
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, including Purple Beech, Scirlet
Oak, Aucuba, Box, Holly, P')rtugal Laurels, Common LauieU
of sorts, Yews, &c. ; a choice asscriment of tlONIFER^t
PLANTS of all sizes; ROSES, Ma-^chal Niel, Gloire de
Dijon, &c , very fine ; Seedling and Bedded Plants of TREES
and SHRUBS in great variety.

Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be had on application at the Nurseries ; or of the
Auctioneer, Wirksworth.

WANTED TO LEASE, a few miles from
London, near Railway Station. Two or more ACRES,
suitable for Nursery, with Glass Houses and cottage preferred.
Apply, Mr. ARCHER, Vine Cottage, Navarmo Road,
Hackney. E.

Kent.

FOR DISPOSAL, a thoroughly genuine and
very old-established NURSERY and FLORIST'S
BUSINESS, part Leasehold and part Freehold, with a good
Market Connection. Terms moderate, and can be arranged.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MOKRXS,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

September 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

355

TO BE DISPOSED OF, the LEASE of a
SEEDSMAN, FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSI-
NESS, about 7 miles from LoDdon, in main road, all in
thorough working order.

Address A., Garderurs' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

TO BE SOLD, a FREEHOLD FARM,
comprising House, Barn, Stables, and other Oul-build-
ings, and 8 Closes, containing about 20 acres of good Land,
suitable for a Fancy Farm, Hunting Stables, Nursery Grounds
or Building Sites for good Villas. Prettily situated on the south
side of Rugby, and about a mile from Rugby Grammar School.
For further p.iTiicubrs, apply to the owners.

Messrs. ABEL and SON, Alexandra House, Harrogate.

Scotland.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORISTS
BUSINESS. The business, successfully cirried on for
the last thirty years by Mr. Neil Wilson, at The Vmeries, about
3 miles from Rothesay, Bute, consisting of i)i acres of Land,
7-roomed Dwelling House, and about 7000 square feet of Hot-
houses, in good order, all renewed within the last two years.
The stock includes many thousands of Cyclamens, Arums,
Pelareoniums, and Hydrangeas ; a Camellia-house, 100 feet by
50 feet, and a Mar^chal Niel house. Being on high ground,
and absolutely free from fogs, this Nursery is particularly suit-
able for supplying the Glasgow market with flowers and plants
in winter. The Feu Duty is £,\2 loi. 8^'. per annum. Mr.
Wilson has retired from business.
Apply to JOHN L. WILSON, 96, High Street, Rothesay.

TO BE LET, on LEASE (with Immediate
Possession), capital NURSERY GROUND, partly
stocked, with five large Glass-houses or Forcing.pits, and Heat-
ing Apparatus to same, with large Dwelling-house, and suitable
Outbuildings, Sheds, &c. : the whole covering about 1 Acre.
Situated within about i mile of three railway stations, and about
5 miles from London.

For particulars apply to Messrs. LANDER and BEDELLS,
Surveyors, 6, John Street, Bedford Row, W.C.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO BE LET, with possession at Michaelmas
next, a large MARKET GARDEN, with Watercress
Bed, also a Residence and Outbuildings attached thereto, con-
taining about 3 acres. The above is situated in the middle of
the flourishing market town of Andover, within a minute's walk
of a railway station, has a frontage (with a right of fishmg in) to
a trout stream of several hundred feet, atld the business of a
Market Gardener has been carried on therein for more than
fifty years. For further particulars, and to treat, apply to
Mr. R. FOOTNER, Solicitor. Andover, Hants.

To Korserrmen, market Gardeners, and Others.

In the centre of a flourishing Market Town served by the
L. and N.W. and G.W. Railway Companies,

TO BE LET, from Christmas next, about
5 acres of highly productive NURSERY or GARDEN
GROUND, welUilocked, together with erections, as follows,
viz. : — Cottage (4-roomed, with offices, &c.) ; 2 span-roofed
Greenhouses, each 75 by 20 feet ; i span ditto, 24 by 20 feet ;
Lean-to Feiuery, 20 by 13 feet , 1 Vinery. ^5 by 16 feet ;
1 Propagating House, 45 by 16 feet, with Hot-water Tank.
4i by 4 feet ; 1 Range of Framing, 45 by 6 feet. Noth. — All
these are heated with hot water. Range of Brick Frames,
140 by 8 feet; Pottmg Shed, 40 by lofeet ; Packing Shed, with
loft over, 38 by 14 feet ; Office Fitted Desks. 12 by 8 feet. The
stock may be taken at a valuation or otheTwi<:e.

For further particulars, apply to LYTHALL, MANSELL,
AND WALTERS, Land Agents, College Hill, Shrewsbury, or
Birmingham,

New ninstrated Catalogue.
JOHN MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery,

f/ Weston-super-Mare, having issued a New Illustrated

CATALOGUE of Terra Cotta Vases. &c., begs to intimate that

all previous onesare withdrawn from tbisdate — August 25, 1884.

Price List of Garden Pots, &c.. Illustrated Catalogue, \s td.

JTYDEMAN, Auctioneer, Valuer, and
• Estate Agbnt. Waltham Cross, N., is open to receive
instructions for HORTICULTURAL SALES and VALUA-
TIONS. Every attention given and moderate charges.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lhad, Milled Lkad, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

WM. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 1S84
• can be had Post-free on application, and should be in
every Amateur's hands. It embraces an extensive List of best
Novelties ; also splendid Collections of Double and Single 2onal
Geraniums ; Bronze Bicolor, and Silver and Golden Tricolor
Geraniums; Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Carnations, Chrysanthemums. Palms, Ferns, Stove and Green-
house Climbers, &c. Special attention is also given to Collec-
tions of Plants, which can now be supplied for immediate effect
in 5-inch pots, both Flowering and Foliage, at lor. 6rf., au., its.,
and 63J.— W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

Novelty ! ! I

CUPRESSUSLAWSONIANA ROBUSTA.
— Among a great many seedlings of Cupressus Law*
soniana of 1874, I have discovered one, quite distinct from the
others by its rapid growth and robust form. There already
being so many varieties of Cupressus Lawsoniana, I would not
propagate it, only after the severe winters of 1879 and i83o, in
which so many varieties of Cupressus were injured by frost, and
the said variety did not suffer at all, I decided upon propa-
gating iL Coniferas culture being one of the chief cultures of
my establishment, in which, during many years, the leading
varieties of Cupressus are represented. I was able to carefully
compare the said variety with the already existing ones, and
cannow(ffer it to the Trade as a true acquisition. As the
name designates, this Cupressus is robust ; in growth it mostly
resemble-; the well known Cupressus Lawsoni erecta viridis
(Waterer), whilst its colour is dark green, instead of being light
green as u the latter variety.

Novelty ! ! !

THYMUS LANUGINOSUS fol. argenteo
var. — In 1878 a beautifully variegated Thymus lanugi-
nosus was found in my nursery. As it suffers neither from
frost nor sunshine it can ba fully recommended as a most
valuable plant for rockwork. For prices apply to

A. M. C. JONGKINDTCONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries.
Dedenuvaart, Dear Zwolle, Nethetlands.

PELARGONIUMS, new Zonals of 1884.—
Twelve of the very finest varieties sent out last spring for
iSi. , in well rooted young plants; ditto sent eut 1883, la for 6^, ;
50 varieties, all new recently, for 6j. Cuttings half price.

Best FUCHSIAS in cultivation, la for 2J., or new sorts of
188), 13 for 45 ; selections left.
Twelve extra fine PENTSTEMONS for 31.
These collections have been selected with greatest care by a
grower for open market, trying all the best new soils.
See CATALOGUE, free on application.

RICHARD PANNETT, Nurseryman, Challey. Sussex.

Sow Now for Early Flowering In Spring.

ROEMER'S Superb Prize PANSY SEED.
&r The best Pansy Seed in the World. Tti
FANCY VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, xos per ounce, 6</. per packet.
SHOW VARIETIES, saved from named flowers, splendid,

mixed, 5i. per ounce, 6^. per packet.
FANCY and SHOW VARIETIES, fine, mixed, 3*. per ounce

3rf. per packet.
ASSORTMENT of iS splendid distinct varieties, containing

each I packet. 3^.
CAREFULLY SAVED only from named Exhibition Flowers,

of all varieties, splendid, mixed, highly recommended, 2*.

per rcoo seeds, 6(f. per packet.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED SHOW VARIETIES, new and

distinct, flowers up to 4 inches in diameter, ts per icoo

seeds, \s. dd. per packet.
My Pansy gained the First Pi ize at the Exhibition at Berlin, 1884,
For separate sorts see CATALOGUE, forwarded post-free on
application.

FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower. Quedtinburg, Germany.

^

CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

FOR Conservatory and Window Decoration.

1. — Carters' Box of 800 . .

2. — Carters' Box of 600 . .

3. — Carters' Box of 450 ..

4. — Carters' Box of 250 ..

5. — Carters' Box of 125 ..

No.
No.
No.
No.
No,

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Siation in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

price 841.
price 63J.

Send
POO.

iZos
l6of

price 43J.
price 31 J.
pnce 10/ 6

or

Cheque

for

40J
\.os

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

V-^ FOR Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation.
No. 6. — Carters' Box of 2co3 .. price 841, J Send / Soj.
No. 7.— Carters' Box of 15C0 .. piice 63*. P.O.O. 6oJ-.
No. 8. — Carters' Box of 1000 . . price 421, /■ or -, 40J.
No. 9. — Carters' Box of 700 .. price 31/6 Cheque 301.
No. 10. — Carters' Box of 350 . . price 151. ] for \ i4'3
Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Siation in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in the Open Ground.
No. II. — Carters' Box of 2250 .. price 84J. \ Send /8ar.
No. 12. — Carters' Box of 1850 .. price 63^. P.O.O. tcs.
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250 .. price 42^. i- or K i^os.
No. 14 — Caiters' Box of 650 .. price 21X. I Cheque iqs
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300 .. price ic/6 | for [ icj.

Packing and Caniage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS. ROSES, and PLANTS, gratis
and post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Command to B.B.H. the

Prince of Wales,
237
2381

High Holborn, London, W.C.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, having a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with confidence recommend
them to purchasers : —
ERICA HVEMALIS, in sJ^-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 7-inch

pots, 36^. per doz,
ACACIA DRUMMONDL in 5-inch pots, ifij.perdoz.; 4-inch

pots. 12s. per doz.
,, ARMATA, in 5-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

I2J. per doz. [i2J. per doz.

,, HYBRIDA, in 5-inch pots, i8f. per doz, ; 4-inch pots,

SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, well berried, in s-inch pots,

125 and 1 8 J, per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pots, 36J. acid 42J. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in =-inch poLs, 12s. and i8j. perdoz. ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24X., 30.1,, and 42s- per doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-inch pots, 4J. per doz. ;

4j^2-inch pots. 9i, -per doz.
„ TRAPEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 45. per doz. ; 4j4-inch

pots. qr. per doz,
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, new, in

3-inch pots. ts. per doz. [per doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA, in 3-inch pots, 4J.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock in 5-Lnch pots, 12s. per

doz. ; 7-inch pots, 24J., 30J , and 3&f . per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, with six and seven bunches on each

plant. 12J. 6d. and 15^. each; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries, 5J., 7^. ^d., los. 6d., and 12s. 6d.

each, according to strength. Stock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for cairiage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gaiston.

E

VERGREEN HEDGES.

ARBOR VITiE, American, a to 3 feet, 6s. per doi., 30J. per

lOD ; 3 to 4 feet, 8*. per doz., 501. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, loj,

per doz.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. a to 3 feet 6s. per do?., 40J. per

100 ; 3 to 4 feet, ics. per doz., 805. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet,

i8j. per doz., 1205. per 100,
HOLLIES, Green, 9 to 12 inches, 12s. per 100 ; la to 15 inches,

i6r. per 100; 15 to 18 inches, 2s. per doz. , aoi. per loo ;

1J5 to 2 feet, QS. per doz,, $os. per 100 ; 2 to 2I4 feet, 12J.

per doz , 80J. per 100 ; 2J4 103 feet, 2 u. per doz. ; 3 to 4

leet, 301. per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet, 42.1. per doz,
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet, 151. per doz., looi, per 100 ; 4 to

5 feet, iSj. per doz,, 130J. per loo ; 5 to 6 feet, 241. per di,/ ,

i6oi. per 100.
The above are all well grown, have been recently transplanted,
and will remove with safety,

J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cir-
encester.

HUGH LOW AND CO. have pleasure in
informing their friends and the Public that their stock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Clapton Nursery and Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield, is this
season unusually extensive and fine in quality, and well worth the
notice of intending purchasers, who are very cordially invited to
an inspection ol the plants. Amongst other things are oflfered : —
Many thousands of ERICA HVEMALIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA MELANTHEKA.
Many thousands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA VENTRICOSA COCCINEA

MINOR, and other choice varieties of ventncosa.
Many thousands of ERICAS of the best varieties, including

candidissima, colorans, cerinthoides coronata in flower,

cafffa, Cavendishi, barbata major, gtandinosa, perspicua

□ana, persoluta alba, assurgens, mammosa, &c.
Many thousands of HARD-WUODED ERICAS, in numerous

fine varieties, a large number of which are extra sized.
Many thousands of CYCLAM ENS,

Many thousands of GARDENl ' S, intermedia and radicans.
M.iny thousands ofGENISTAS|
Many thousands of EPACRIS.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA in variety, of various

sizes.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA. Fielder's White, nar-

cissiflora, and other white- flowering varieties.
Many thousands of CAMELLIAS, with fljwer-buds, various

sizes.
Many thousands of GREVILLEA ROBUSTA.
Many thousands of SOLAN UMS, well beiried.
Many thousands of BOUVARDIAS, Red, White, and Pink.
Many thousands of LATANIA BORBONICA. various sizes.
Many thousands of PIYCHOSPERMA ALtXAN DR^,
Many thousands of CORYPH A AUSTRALIS.
Many thousands of DRAC/tNAS, in variety.
Many thousands of EUCHARIS CANDIDA and SANDER-

lANA,
Many thousands of CLIMBERS, Stove and Greenhotise.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS.
Many thousands of ROSES, in pots, Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de

D.jon, &c.
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such

as Aphelexis, Acacias in variety. Acacia armata, Boronias,

Chorozemas, Corrcas, Daphnes, Eriostemons, Genelyllis,

Grevilleas in variety. Leschenaultias, Tremandras, Pime-

leas. double white Chinese Primulas, &c.
Many thousands of VINES, Fruiting and Planting Canes,
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering

CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be ofl'ered by the too

in bud.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS in variety, including

Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, which can be ofl'ered

by the 100.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show, French

and Decorative varieties.
Also on hand a very large stock of ORNAMENTAL

FOLIAGE and DECORATIVE PLANTS, PALMS,

FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIA VEITCHir,and others.

CROTONS, PANDANUS, &c. Suiiable for Table

Decoration.
OTAHtlTE ORANGES, in fruit; LAURUSTINUS. on

stem?, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMPELOPSIS SEMPERVlRENS (Cissus srriaiu^), and

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, PAMPAS - GRASS in

quantity.
FERNS in immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can

be supplied by the hundred, such as Aoiantum cuneatum,

Adiantum decorum, Adiantum eracillimnm.Lomaria gibba.
Clapton Nursery, London, £,

Palms— Palms,

WM. CROWE offers the following as
• strong, clean stuff, in 60-pots, quite fit for shifting
into 48"s :— Latania borbonica, 25J. per 100; ditto, extra size,
40J. per 100, Cocos Weddetliana, los. perdozen ; ditito plumosa,
6s. perdozen, 40J. per too; Seafonhia elegans, 3:*. per 100;
Areca sapida, 6s. per dozen, 351. per 100 ; Caryoia urens, two
to three leaves, 25;. per 100; Phcenix reclinata, best variety,
30T. per 103 ; Sabal Ulackbuiyana, 45. per dozen ; Euterpe
edulis, 6s. per dozen, 40J. per luo. Also from stores : — I atania
borbonica, 7J. per ico ; Caryota urens, $s. per 100 ; Corypha
australis, 7^. per 105; Phoenix rechnaia. best variety, yj.pcr 100,
Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

UTCH BULBS.

IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

D

D

ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Intending pm-chasers of Dutch Bulbs are invited 10 read
Ant. Roozen & Son's CATALOGUE for 1&84, and see ihe
large saving efl"ected by dealing direct with the Grower. The
Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to their Agents,
MERTENS and CO., 3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-ai-Hill, E.C.

To Nurserymen or Merchants requiring Roses

for Exportation or Home Sales.

THE ADVERTISER begs to offer a choice
and unique collection of ROSES, comprising: —
1000 STANDARD Tea-scented, in 30 best varieties,
1000 STANDARD Hybrid Perpetuals, in 30 best varieties.
250 STANDARD Mai^chal Niel.
7000 DWARF Hybrid Perpetuais. in 50 choicest varieties.
2000 DWARF Teas and Hvbrid Teas, on Seedling Brier.
1500 DWARF Maiechal Niel. on Seedling Brier,
1 he Plants are all in fine condition, and examples of superior
cultivation. A LI ST of sorts with Price and Terms for the pur-
chase of the collection on applica'ion.

KOSARIAN, 41, Wellington Stieet, Covent Garden, W.C.

356

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884,

WEBBS' EARLY

FORCING BULBS

WEBB & SONS deUver all Vegetable
Seeds. Flower Seeds and Bulbs Free by
Post and Rail.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

Early While
Finest Darned

2J. dd. per dozen, post-free.
i8i. per 100, delivered free
ts. to 1 2 J. per doifen, post-free.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.

Double Roman
Paper Wh'i'ie

3(/. each, post-free.
2f. per dozen, post-free.
yi. each, post-free.
2j. x)er dozen, post-free.

EARLY SNOWDROPS.

Double (separate) .. .. ) 2j. fid. per loo; 2ij. per looo.

Single (separate) . . / Delivered free.

Extra large (double or single ( ,,

—separate) . { 3'- "''■ ?"■ '°= : i°^' P'' '""O-

EARLY TULIPS.

Single. Due Van Thol, scarlet & gold, i j. per dor. ; ^s. per lOo.
Double ,. scarlet and yellow, grf. per dozen.

*«• Any other varieties or colours can be supplied.

For Full Particulars see

Webbs' Bulb Catalogue,

Noiv Ready, Gratis and Post free.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

BULBS.

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH (& CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

N A_PLE S.

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, SEED GROWER,
AND MERCHANT,

SPECIALITY OK

CAULIFLOWER,

VEITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT.

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS.

All Varieties.

VENCESLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, NAPLES.

Lalng'B
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of Wblte Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen I2j. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels

Post.

Begonia Growers. Forest Hil), S.E.

^ BULBS.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS

SPECIALLY SELECTED

FOR

Indoor and Outdoor Culture,

at £5, £3, 30s., and 15s. each.

FOR

Outdoor Culture,

at £4, £2, £1, and 10s. each.

FOR

Indoor and Window Culture,

at £3, 303., 153 , and 10s. each.

Orders of 20S. or more in value are foriuanied
Carriage F)ee.

FOR HURTHBR PARTICULARS, SEE

GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE,

which will be forwarded free on application.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready.

SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cukivation,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over lOoo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selagineilas, valuable " Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and inieresting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARClSbUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular f.imilie=. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists o( HYACINTHS. ■JUI.lr'S,
CRUCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLKHOKKS, ,^c, and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BUI.f!';.

Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONPUN.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER.

.STRONG, HEALTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS. i8j. to 30i. perdLZsn.

AZALEA INOICA, i8j. to 6, J. per dozen.

KOUVAKDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, iS.'. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS. %os. to foe. per dnzen.

CYCLAMEN PEKSICUM (Smiihs supeib strain), full of

buds, 5-inch pots, i8j. per d,izen.
CYTISUS, us. to .Sr. per dozen.
EPACKIS. best sorts. i8.t. to 30f. per dozer.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS. WILMOKEANA, CAFFRA,

GRACILIS. AUIUMNALIS, &c., 6-inch pots i8'. to
GARDENI)\S, 185- to 30i. per dozen. fsor. per dozen.

LAPAGEKI A ALBA, 7.- 6</. to 41... each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, ts. ttl. each.
LIBONIA PENRHllSIANA. las. to 18. ptr d<zen.
PI ME LEAS, very fine. 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 30J. 1042s. per doZin.
PRIMULAS, double white and purple, i8s. per dozen.
TREE CARNAI IONS, 5-inch p ,is. z^j. to 30J. per dozen.
GREVILLEA RORUSTA. s-inch pots. izs. 10 .8j. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIK, &r,. in uieal v:uiety ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANT.'',

Descriptive List Free.

Selectioni from abwe m,iy bf iiujiU at D.'ztn Prices.

The Plants are rcmatkably fine and cheap,

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERED BY

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C

FINEST QUALITY LOWEST

PRICES.

Per do2. Per iod

HYACINTHS. While Roman

3 o

IS o

,. White Italian, stronger growth, a wetk

later .. ..

2 o

15 o

,, lilue Roman, pretty colour

I 6

lo 6

„ DLuble. pale rose Italian — this force;-

whiie : a lovely variety ..

3 O

1=5 o

,, ., deep ra<e Italian, charming

2 6

iB O

NARCISSUS, D.^uble Roman, with yellow

intermixed

a o

12 6

„ Paper-Whue, pure white. lovely

I 9

lo 6

., Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup. new

■^ 6

25 o

,, (Co-bularia) citrina, pale lemon, a

lijvely frilled cup

7 o

55 o

JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

I o

0 6

, double

2 O

12 6

TULIPS. Due van Thol. red and yellow ..

X o

6 6

,, .. ., ., plain scarlet , .

1 o

5 6

LILIUM HARRISI. white trumpet, the

grandest of all

too o

.. CANDIDUM, the White Lily

3 6

SI o

TUBEROSES. Double White African,

sp!endid

6 o

45 o

All rendy fur immediate delivery. %s. tv.,rlh arid ii/vutrds

Carriage Free.

HOOPERS BULB ( ATALOOUE, illustrated in

colours. &c , will be ready sh^^rtly. 1 he bulbs are splcn id,

the prices extremely lo*-.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

C'^llections of I dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singes. A 42/-, B 36/-. C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/ . F 12. -
Doubles. P 90/., R 63/-, S 48/-. T 42/-

Cullections unnamed, our Selection :—
Singles. G 21/-, H tS/-. J 18/-. K 12/-. Lg/- per doz.
Doubles. W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen,
singles, for bedding. M 40/-, N 30'-. O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see iL Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

THE N EW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-cKiss Certihcate, Royal Horticuluir.il Society, 1883.
Strong Canes, 15J. per dozen, £$ 5s. per 100.
A. FAULKNOE,
INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

DAFFODILS— DAFFnDILS-DAFFODILS.

A most complete LIST of Irish and other DafTidils may Se
had on application. Some very ta>e forms are offeted fc the
first titne, and over loo varifties to select Irom Pie lie
enclose ttU. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very

unique, WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLANO.

Seedsman, &c., "Old Established" Waiehi.u>e,
34. Patrick Street, Cork.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBs!

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

Importei BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent El.^tis on application o

E. J. JARMAtT.

Tlie Feopld's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

& VERY SUPERIOR STOCK

^

MBftfiCltiC .\C c \ Cm.

-IH HOST CASES-

FREE BY POST OR RAI L

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JAMESDICKSON&SONS

"KEWTOK'NURSERIESynrrTrp
I08EASTCATESI )l'""'t«

September 20, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

357

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. — Fine
Seedlings from a splendid colicciioo of choice namtd
flowers. Per dozen, \s &/.; per loo, loi. 6</. Exifa strong,
per dozen. I5. td.; per ico, 17J. td. Carriage free

DANIhLS BROS.. Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.

CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of laipe and brilliantly
coloured flowers, u. i>d. per doien, post-tree. E.\tra slroi g
plants, 2f. 6ii'. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots, (ree on application.
DANIELS BROS., Boy alNoifolkSeedE&tablishment.Norwich.

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

lessrs. HAYASHI & CO.,

MOTOMACHI, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade that they
have opened a London Order-office at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &c., grown in their
gardens in Japan, and are prepared to olTer the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants :

PRICE LI ST.

JAPANESE LILIES-A Collection for £10,

consisting of
3 doz. L. auratuin or at 8.r.,, I2j. & i6j. per doz.

1 „ L. cordifolium „ 2^^. and 36J. „

2 „ L, coridium „ ... I2J. „
2 ,, L. concolor „ ... \is. „
2 , L. Krameri ,, ... I2J. ,,

1 „ L. Leichtlini „ ... 24.f. „

2 „ L. Batemannire „ ... I2J. „
i „ L. longitlorum „ ... A^^- „
I „ L. Hansoni „ ... 6o.f. „

A Collection for £10, consisting of

Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty different

varieties, and including six of our celebrated

grafted plants, containing three to seven forms

on one stem. All hardy varieties.

Or at 48j-. per dozen ; Grafted, g6j. per dozen.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
England. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
application necessary'. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condition.

Kent: The Garden of England.

or ALL KINDS . WRITE TO

THE OLD rfURSERIES:
HHO aiLTIVATE 700 KINDS.

laitstrakdLut. Lut of Nanus.
3 SUimp-s.J K Oratis.

{Reffisiered.)

300,000 Trees to select from.

ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

CATALOGUE of BHODODENDRONS
AND AZALEAS

(GREENHOUSE and HARDY),
Deluding several novelties of this season ; also of General
Nursery Stock, is now ready, and will be sent to any address
oa application.

ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

Lalng's

Roman

Hya-

cintba.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for M. 9^/. ; 6 for is. 6d., fine bulbs of Early

White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c, also tree by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E,

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

I Ordinary i Reduced
Price. ] to

RHODODENDRONS, Standard. 4000 s. d.s.d. s. d.s.d.
to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from'
M lo 5 feet through ihe head 105 o lo 6 31 6 50

43 o 21 o

2 6

10 6 26,
3 6 ..

' 10 6

10 6 3 6 50

No reasonable
offer refused ; or
quotations wil)
be given.

,, Push, 5, 6, 7, and 8 feet high

,, Dwaif and bweet-scented, i to 2%]

feet high, consisting of K. ,

fragrant, Wilsoni, Goveni-

anum, &c.

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;,

fine plants, well set wilh bloom, i to 3'

feet high . . , . . . . . ..I

AZALEAS, t to 1 feet high .. ..I

A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.'

T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA.i

CUPRESSUS. RKTINOSPORAS.;

THUlUPalS DOl.ABRATA, and|

niaiiyoihcf'.iiifiiieconditionforremovalj lo fi 50
ORNAM tNTAL TREES— Fine speci-1

mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.,

Hor.se Chestnut, Scarlet Che*;tnut,l

Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples, '■

Fraxinus aucuba;folia, Scarlet Oak;!

also Weeping Birch. Elm, Ash, and

Popliir. 6 lo IS feet high
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to
4 feet, per joo

,. common, i to 2^/^ feet ,. ..^

LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

„ CAucasica. I 10 2I4 feet ..

,. Portucal, 1^4 to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..

BRt)OM, While

YEWS. Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampa-

lopsis Veitchii ..
ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of

perfect specimens, 6 to g feet ;

smaller, i to 3 feet.
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
RETINOsPURA hUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

1 to 3 feet
WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches y

COB N UT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet . . 251. pet 100

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to

6 feet high. 25^ to 751. per ito
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear. IS each.
SFIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest

stock I'l Europe, 25^ per 100.
,. JAPONICA. tcs. 6d. per 100.
ERICAS m variety, 20s. per loc.

LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff, 3J- per dozen, 15J. per 100.
PERIWINKLE, los. per 100.

Thousands of other things too numetous /or an advertise'
nieitt are on offer, and inquiries or a viiit will be found very
adi>antageoiis .

CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBuRG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

To the Trade.

HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer :—
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. 48-pots. qj.. i2i. per dozen ;

32-pots. iZs. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, well-budded, 12J., 155-.. iSj , 2 4 J,, 30 j.
per dozen.
„ „ white, grand, 40 to 50 shoots, budded, 4ii'., 6oj.
per dozen.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 21J., 24^., 30J. per dozen.
CARNATIONS. Tree, finely budded, 185. per dozen.
CYCLAMENS, finely budded, 91., \2S. per dozen.
ERICA ASSURGENS, white, in flower, 9s., 12^., i8,r.. 2\s.
per dozen.
., CERIN I'HOIDES CORONATA, scarlet, in flower, 185.

per dozen.
„ GRACILIS, well budded, 9^.. 12J.. \%s., 2is. per dr-zen.
,, HYEMALIS. well budded, 95., i2f., i8f., 24J. per doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 50*., 75J. per ico.

„ SANDERIANA =01., 75J. per 100.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, with buds, i8f., 24J..
415 per nozen.
„ RADlCANS, finely budded, 91., i2j., 151. per dozen.
GENISTAS, very fine. 8j . izr, per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. sos., 751. per 100.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, in flower, i2J., i8j. per

dczen.
LATANIA BORBONICA, splendid plants, i8s.. 24J.. 421-

per dozen.
PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDR.<E, fine plants, \Zs. per

dozen.
SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, X2s. per dozen.
SOLANUMS, well berried, 9^., 12^, per dozen,
Clapton Nursery. London, E.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

IMPROVED MUSHROOM

SPAWN, per bushel of j. d.
fourteen cakes .. ..6 0

The best in the market : never fails.

Victoria & Paradise NurserleB,

Upper Holloway, L.Qndon, N.

TREE CARNATIONS.— All the leading
varieties in leally good stviff, lOOJ. to 1301. ptr too.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, ToUenham, London.

NEW YELLOW TREE CAKNATION,
" ANDALUSIA."

A variety of recent introduction which is in all respects of the
highest merit. Unlike most of the yellow varieties it has a free
vigorous constitution and is remarkably free floweiing. Market
growers who have seen it are very fond of it and look upon it as
being the most serviceable variety for producing cut blooms in
quantity the season thrnugh. The colour is an attraciivc deep
lemon, the flowers are Uige and bold \2s. per dozen.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT nBEE REFUSE,

^d. per bushel ; 100 for 35J. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),

40i. ; 4-bushel baf:s, vt. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, SJ. td. per sack;

5 sacks. 25J. : sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks aw. ; sacks,

tfd. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. xs. gd. per bushel; 151. per hall

ton, 261. per ton ; in 2 bushel baf;s. ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-

MOULD, ij. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, is. bd. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO.

BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Wrltefor Free

Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,

Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 2SJ., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and North- Western, and Midland, other lines 305., in sacks ij ;
30 sacks £,x 5J. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with alt
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS AND CO., " Greyhound"
Yard, and 153, Hiijh Street, Battersea, S.W. Established 1872.

BEESON'S

MANURE

is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is. and 28. 6d. Sealed Bags, % cwt., 8s.:
1 cwt., 13s.

MANUFACTURED DY

W.H.Beeson.Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd.,

i8, Finsbury Street, E.G., and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom,

12-0!!. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Store Plants. &c., ^6 6j. per Truck. BLACK FI BROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bap, 51. : 5 Kags, its, dd. ; 10 Bags,
45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, i<m. (>d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fme. 52J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Fainboroiigh Station, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, xi. yi. per
sack ; 10 for \2s., 15 for 17^-, 30 for 3&r. : all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, sr. per
sack ; 5 for 221. 6rf. Black Fibrous Peat, 4J. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for
20J. ; sacks 4^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, xs. 6d. per bushel,
255. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, bs. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &:c Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Clolh,
8^. per lb. : Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb 28 lb. txs. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT and CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., late
10. New Broad Street, E.G.

RCHID PEAT, PURE BRACKEN FIBRE

(NO DEALERS SUPPLIED).
Mr. EPPS in'orms his Friends that he is now enabled to
execute all orders tor this article most satisfactorily.
Dep6c— Rmewood Station, Hants.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks,
4 bushels each, 2J. 6d. per sack ; thirty, 2j. ^. ; twenty,
3^. 6ci. ; ten, ts : five, 45. 6d. Sacks fid. each.

Excellent PEAT lor Rhododendrons and common purposes,
^6i. per truck, 14^. per ton. Sample sack 2s. 6d.

LOAM, SAND, CHARCOAL, SPHAGNUM, &c.
See Special LIST. Also for the Trade.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANTTRE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
T1CUL1URAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen

and Seedsmen.

Circulars, -with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

OOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
QABSION, LIV£BFOOI<.

358

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,

JAS. YEITCHt&USOIS,

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY,

CHELSEA, S,W.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,

and other Bulbs of Superior Quality.

Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, March 25, 1884.

" Messrs. James Vbitch & Sons' superb Collection of Hya-
ciDths was of iDcomparable quality, the selection almost unique,
the spikes massive, and splendidly coloured. They exceeded in
beauty, perhaps, anything that has been shown in this way,
and were awarded a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal." — VidS tltt
Gardeners' Chronicle. March ag, 1884.

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS

to suit all requirements :—
VEITCH'S

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS

For Indoor Cultivation.
At 10s. 6d., 21s, 42s., and 63s.

Per fiariiculars see CATALOGUE, gratis and post-free em
application.

Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition.
There were many large collections of Hyacinths, "but

Messrs. Veitch's surpassed all others. a Gold

Medal was given for these flowers, — Vide The Times.

VEITCH'S

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS

For Growing in the Open Ground.

At 108. 6d., 21s., 42s , and 63s.

For particulars see CATALOGUE, gratis arid post free on.
application.

Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibitions.

Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chel?ea. contributed about 120
Hractnths in superb condition. UNQUESTIONABLY THE
FINEST OF ALL THOSE EXHIBITED. -Vide Journal of
Horticulture,

it

VEITCH'S

CHELSEA" COLLECTIONS

V For Greenhouse, Conservatory, or
^ Sitting-room.

Containing only the most easily cultivated and attractive sorts
of Winter and Spring Flowers,

At21fl. 42b.. 63s., and 105s.

For particulars see CATALOGUE, gratis and post free on
application.

VEITCH'S
HARDY BULBS

FOR

MIXED BORDERS, SHRUBBERIES, &c.

One Thousand Bulbs for One Guinea.

For particulars see CATALOGUE, gratis and post free on
application.

BULBS for SPRING GARDENING.

liarge Q,uantitieB at Low Prices.

J. V. & SONS have pleasure in stating that Her Majesty's
Commissioners of Works have again accepted their tenders, in
open competition, for the supply of Bulbs for the decoration of
Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park, Battersea
Park, Victoria Park, St. James's Park, Kennington Park, &c.

J. V. & Sons will be pleased to give Special Quotations for
Bulbs of similar quality, where large quantities are required
for Spring Gardening.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY.

CHELSEA, S.W.

MR. LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES.

The most remarkable introductions since British Queen and Keens' Seedling.

5000 plants ordered by one Market Grower.

Upwards of Fifty Trade Firms and a large number of Market Growers have secured supplies.

KING OF THE EARLIES.— The earliest Strawberry. Ripens in

the open in May ; delicious flavour and most prolific.

THE CAPTAIN. — Very large and handsome ; glossy scarlet fruit, of

good flavour — ripening early in June. Very prolific ; flesh unusually firm, and an excellent traveller. This
variety is also more perpetual than any other, giving a successional crop of fine large fruit, and for
market and general cultivation stands unrivalled.

Well-rooted groimd-rimners or layers, in small pots, can be supplied.

Particulars with prices, post-free. Coloured Plate 6d. The Trade liberally dealt with.

THOMAS LAXTON, SEED GROWER, BEDFORD.

ODQNTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDR/E BLUNTII).
GUILLERMO KaLBREYER,

Who has recently established a horticultural business in Bogotd, has now leisure to attend
to Orders for this well-known and justly prized Orchid. He has great facilities for collecting these
Plants from the localities whence comes the largest percentage of hybrids or intermediate forms,
and only selected plants will be sent.

ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM and PILUMNA
FRAGRANS NOBILIS can also be supplied,

PRICE, free on board Royal Mail Company's Steamers at SavaniUa, £40 per 1000.

^g" Draughts on Bogotd or Barranquilla Houses must accompany each Order from all
parties with whom Mr. KALBREYER has not business relations, otherwise they will not be
attended to.

ADDRESS—

GUILLERMO KALBREYER, La Flora, Bogota,

U.S. of Colombia, S.A.

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDSl
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY

(JOHN COWAN), LIMITED,

Have a splendid stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offer as follows :—

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM LOWI, grand plants, in s-inch pots, and 4 to 6 fine new
growths, 6^. each, 6aj. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, with strong bulbs, 2 and 3 fine new

growths, (,s. each, 48^. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM lOwI, fine plants, with strong bulbs, and 4 and 5 new growths, in 4-inch

pots, y. 6d. each, 36J. per dozen ; in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6d. each, 24J. per dozen.
„ SUAVISSIMUM, guaranteed true, flowers large, and plants in 5-inch pots, 10 and 12 bulbs,

and numerous new growths, ^s. each, and 42s. per dozen.
„ THYRSIFLORUM, splendid plants, in 6-inch pots, 8 to 10 fine bulbs, 5j'. each, 40^-. per

dozen ; fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 3.?. 6d. each, 30X. per dozen.
„ CRASSINODE BARBERIANUM, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 5 and 6 fine bulbs each, and
numerous growths, 5.r. each, 48^. per dozen ; fine plants, in 3-inch pots, 2.S. 6d. each,
2i\s. per dozen.
Also D. CHRYSOTOXUM, DEVONIANUM, PRIMULINUM, FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM,
EBURNEUM, DALHOUSIANUM, and other fine varieties.at equally moderate prices.
The Company have also to announce the arrival of a splendid importation of ORCHID.S from South America,
consisting of splendid masses of Catlleya Eldorado, C. superba splendens, Sculicaria Steeli, and many other grand
varieties, also several perfectly new plants. Full particulars sent on application.

The Company have also just received from South America a grand collection of PALM SEEDS, including
many perfectly new varieties. Full particulars on application.

Terms Cash in 14 days. The usual allowance to the Trade.

THE VINEYABD & NURSERIES, GARSTON.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

SSFTEMEER 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

359

PAULS' NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CEOSS.

. PAUL & SON

Respectfully invite attention to the following
SPECIALITIES :-

PAULS' -Bulbs -WALTHAM CROSS.

HYACINTHS for pols and glasses,

from 4J. per dozeo.

,, for borders, from 215 per ico.

,, Roman, for early forcing, 2J. 6(i.

per dozen, 161. per 100.

TULIPS for pots, from ij. per doz.

., ., borders, from iS. td. p. loo.
POLYANTHUS NARCISS, from

3r. per dozen
CROCUS, from ir. tsj. per 100.
SNOWDROPS, double and single,
aj. (td. per loo.
Border NARCISSI, JONQUILS,
ANEMONES, RANUNCULUS-
ES. LILIES, GLADIOLI, LILY
of ihe VALLEY. SPIRAEAS, &c,
cheap and good. See CATALOGUE.

PAULS'-Roses-WALTHAM CROSS.

STANDARDS .. from 151. doz.
DWARF STANDARDS,. iM. „
DWARFS .. ., „ 6.r. „
CLIMBING.. .. „ 6j. „
FORCING, in nols.. ., iii. „
NEW VARIETIES „ 21J. „
SPECIMENS .. „ ss.cach

The Rss! Garden, by Wm Paul,
F.L.S., 8lh edition, with plates, 215.
The same without plates, loj. 6d,
The Rose Annual, with plates, six
parts. 4r. each. Roses in Pols, 5th
edition. 2j. Roses and Rose Culljcre,
5th edition, tr.

PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROSS.

The largest and finest stock in
Europe. Good plants, from 215. pet
dozen ; specimens from I to 30 gs.
each.

AZALEAS. Winter - blooming
HEATHS, EPACRISES. GAR-
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,
LAPAGERIAS, and other STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

PLANES. LIMES, and

other AVENUE and

PARK TREES . . from 12J. doz.
WEEPING TREES „ 15s. „
FLOWERING

SHRUBS .. .. „ 301. ICO
EVERGREEN .. „ 50J. „
PICTORIALTREES „ £s ,.
RHODODEN-
DRONS, Seed-
liogs .. .. ,, 25^. ,,

,. named sorts . . „ i8j. doz.
CLIMBINGPLANTS „ 9s. „

Planting done by Estimate or
Contract.

PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS.

Of every description, of the first
quality, and low in price.

VEGETABLE SEEDS for
autumn sowing : — PEAS. BEANS,
CABBAGE. CAULIFLOWER,
CARROT, CRESS, CUCUMBER,
ENDIVE, LETTUCE, MUS-
TARD. ONION, RADISH,
SPINACH. TURNIP, &c.
FLOWER SEEDS, various, for
autumn sowing:— CINERARIA,
CALCEOLARIA, PRIMULA.
CYCLAMEN, &c. The finest
florists' strains always on sale.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, 51 per
bush. MATS, KNIVES, GLOVES,
TOOLS, and every garden requisite.

PAULS'-FruitTrees-WALTHAM CROSS.

APPLES, PEARS. CHERRIES,
PLUMS, Standards, from isr. doz,
, Pyramids ,, 125. „

, Dwarf-trained „ 24J. .,
APRICOTS. PEACHES and NEC-
TARINES, Dwarf-trained,
from 42J. per dozen.
, Standard-trained, loi. 6a^. each.
I GRAPE VINES, 2j, 6rf. to loj. td.
FIGS. 2J. f>d. to 3i. 6rf. each. [each.
I RASPBERRIES, from 121. td.

STRAWBERRIES, from is. td.

per 100.
FILBERTS, from 61. per dozen.
CURRANTS and GOOSE-
BERRIES, from 3J. p. doz.
«3r Full Descriptive and Priced C ATALOGUES luilt be
for'.oafded, Post./ree. on application. Special ard Reduced
Prices where large /juantiti,s are required. Inspection ir.z'ited.

WM. PAUL 8c SON,

WALTHAM CROSS, N.

BEAUTIFUL

FLOWERS

AT CHRISTMAS

May be secured by planting

SUTTONS

FORCING BULBS

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS

Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,

INCLUDING

EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
&c., &c., at

42s., 31s. 6d,, 21s. and 10s. 6d.

each.

ROMAN HYACINTHS

(FOR FORCIXG).

EARLY NARCISSUS

(FOR FORCIKG).

SUTTONS' HYACINTHS

(FOR FORCING).

EARLY TULIPS, Singled Double

(FOR FORCING).

For Prices and fuU particulars of

SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS

SUTTONS'

AUTUMN CATALOGUE,

Gratis and Post-free on application.

ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE

(If of 20s. value).

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
and by Special Warrant to

H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES,
READING.

4

THE

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1884.

LYNFORD HALL, NORFOLK.

THIS beautiful seat of Mrs. Lyne Stephens
(of which we give illustrations, figs. 65, p
36 1 , and 66, p. 365), is placed in a small park, sur-
rounded with about 2000 acres of common
covered with gorse, and is emphatically a game
estate. The mansion, a noble structure of red
brick faced with stone, occupies a sheltered posi-
tion, and is not seen until nearly reached. It
is 5 miles distant from Brandon, and 7| miles
from Thetford, the former being the nearest
railway station. Fine carriage drives diverge
from the mansion in various directions— the
one towards Brandon reaching to a distance of
about 3 miles. These roads are 12 feet wide,
well made and kept, and most of them are
furnished with Chestnut, Planes or other trees,
planted in avenues at distances of 18 feet
asunder, and 12 feet from the gravel on either
side, thus having a clear space between the
trees of 18 feet from plant to plant, and 36 feet
between the rows. The soil is very light, but
should the trees once get up and span these roads
their artistic effect, as well as welcome shadow,
will form magnificent additions to the arboreal
grandeur of this fine place. The charming Wel-
lingtonia avenue, proceeding in a straight line
from the forecourt of the house, has not grown
as was anticipated, the site being too dry
and the soil too poor for this plant. Several
trees, however, of a more glaucous variety
than the type, have grown with exceptional
vigour.

The garden in front of the mansion is one of
Nesfield's largest and best . It is entered through
golden gates, massive and rich, similar to those
that give admission to the forecourt at the car-
riage entrance. Though not so high, the re-
taining walls are heavy and massive, with the
usual copings for vases, and there are the custom-
ary terraces with sloping banks of turf, geome-
trical designs of Box and flower-beds, borders,
with walks of smashed brick, &c. ; the whole
having a pleasing effect from the terraces, and
from the windows of the mansion. The beds
were well furnished with flowering and foliage
plants of the usual character. It is all very
well to find fault with coloured walks in summer
when the usual flowering and foliage plants give
perhaps an excess of glare to the garden ;
but in winter, when shrubs or small trees are
chiefly used, the varicoloured walks lighten up
their verdure with welcome tints of colour, which
diffuse a much needed sense of warmth over the
landscape. The centre-piece of the garden is a
magnificent mistake — two bulls in marble in
mortal conflict — which might with great pro-
priety be removed to the forecourt of the
mansion and a vase, or some other appro-
priate subject, put in its place.

This, however, is merely a matter of taste,
and our illustration gives a good view of the
flower garden as it is. Beyond the garden in
front is a small richly wooded park, with a
stream meandering through it, and furnishing
the supply to a long lake to the right. This

360

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 18

lake has broad turf verges, on which noble Pam-
pas-grass used to thrive ; but some late winters
have proved too cold for them, and the
greater number have passed away. Cool shady
walks pass through shrubberies to the further
end of the lake, which furnished a capital site
for a noble fernery..

Standing on the upper terrace, and contrast-
ing the beauty of the silvery stream with its tiny
island, with all the magnificence of the balus-
traded garden, the idea suggests itself whether
if the water could be widened here into a lake
and brought up closer to the mansion, a richer
and more satisfying scene of sylvan and floral
landscape might not have been the result. But
nur business is to describe what is, and not
what might have been, and hence we hasten
back along a green walk through a woody
shrubbery to the kitchen garden.

This is of good size, and is well furnished
with vegetables and fruit trees of the usual
sorts. Here, too, all the glasshouses, plant
and otherwise, are situated. Among the former
are several of the first erected of Beard's patent
houses, dry-glazed with felt in lieu of putty ;
they still retain the character they earned at
first, of imparling unusual richness of colouring
to the foliage and flowers of most plants, espe-
cially in the autumn months.

The different stoves and greenhouses were
well furnished with a general and miscellaneous
collection of flowering plants, such as Eucharis,
Begonias, Gardenias, &c. Most of the summer
greenhouse plants were, however, in the open
air, and I specially noticed a very fine collection
of Azaleas, being at once hardened and shaded
by being placed on the shaded sides of the
truit trees in the garden. The latter are very
fine examples of culture and training, and
though the soil is remarkably light, they were
models of health and of cleanliness. As a rule,
ihe crops of Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums,
are plentiful in these gardens ; but this season
the severe spring frosts and the continued
droughts have done their blighting and
scathing work here even more completely
than elsewhere. The fruit crops, albeit that
the trees are young and healthy, are well nigh
nil in the open air. Even Apples are almost
as scarce as Pears, which is an unusual expeti-
ence this season. The Pears are, in general
terms, fruitless, and more marvellous still, though
in first-rate condition, they were bloomless ;
the bloom on Pears was rather a variable
quantity this season, and, as a rule was by no
means up to the average in either quantity or
quality ; but this is the first large example met
with where the bloom was not forthcoming.
Mr. Lee, the clever gardener, who has managed
these fine gardens for sixteen years, is at a loss
to account for the absence of blossom this
season.

It seems, however, that the site and soil of
these gardens are so favourable to late autumnal
growths for fruit trees, especially should a wet
autumn occur, that the usual practice of summer
pruning or stopping of the breast-wood of Pear
and other fruit trees must not be adopted.
Were this done the trees would break into Wil-
low-like shoots so soon as the autumnal rains set
in, and there would be an end of all hope of
maturing the wood before winter. There is
such an abundance of very fine fruit under
glass at Lynford that the failure of the out-
door crops will be of less moment. The finest
crop of Peaches and Nectarines ever seen by
the writer was found in a long glass case,
360 feet long by 9 feet wide, in several divisions.
It is not heated, and the protection afforded by
the glass alone has been sufficient to ensure
a crop. Nothing can exceed the health and
vigour of the trees, unless it be the enormous
crops of fruit of the highest quality and of good
size, with which they are literally laden from
top to bottom. The causes of this great
success were pointed out to us on the spot.

These were copious waterings and frequent
transplanting and renewal of trees. A con-
stant stream of sewage has been flowing
over the roots of the different divisions in this
long case for three months. This is carefully
stored from all sources in and around the man-
sion, and raised by a steam engine, and con-
veyed on to the roots by simple wooden
troughs. Hence, through this tropical season,
the roots have never once suffered from lack of
water, and no trace of aphis, spider, or thrips
is seen. But Mr. Lee attributes his chief
success to a biennial lifting and replanting
of the trees The soil is light and is speedily
exhausted, and his antidote to this is to lift the
roots and replant in fresh soil. This is done in
the early autumn, and the trees never lose a crop
in consequence ; on the contrary, they fruit all
the better,the fruit being all the larger in size and
fairer in quality in consequence of these trans-
plantations ; and in confirmation of all this tree
after tree was pointed out of unusual fruitlul-
ness that been moved in the autumn of 1883.
With the exception of some seedlings and a few
of Mr. Rivers' raising, the majority of the
Peaches and Nectarines were of the older and
well-known varieties, such as Early York, Royal
George, Noblesse, Chancellor, Violette Hative,
Walburton Admirable, Late Admirable Peaches.
Lord Palmerston and several more of Mr.
Rivers' early and late Peaches have recently
been added. The chief Nectarines grown are
the Elruge, Violette Hative, Pitmaston
Orange, Hardwicke Seedling, Lord Napier,
Pine-apple, and Humboldt, &c.

No one walking through this case need be
surprised to hear that the excessive supply of
Peaches and Nectarines has caused one of the
divisions to be planted with Figs, which are
also doing well. As fine individual trees may
be met with elsewhere, but it is rare indeed to
find so perfect an example of robust health
and high and perfect cultivation extending to
every tree. Nor is the cause of this far to seek.
Almost before any tree hoists signs of weak-
ness or distress, it is superseded by another —
fine young stuff" being held in reserve against
such contingencies. Grapes may be said to be
as well done at Lynford as Peaches and Nec-
tarines. Higher praise would be as impossible
as it is needless. The main range of glass con-
sists of a range of 274 feet long by 15 feet wide,
with a height at back of 1 8 feet. There are four
vineries, each 45 feet long, one devoted to late
Grapes — Lady Downe's, Alicante, Alnwick Seed-
ling, and Trebbiano, all fine in bunch and
berry, and promising to finish in perfect con-
dition. Another vinery is chiefly furnished with
Hamburghs nicely hung and well finished. In
the third or early house there were some fine
examples of Buckland Sweetwater, so fine in
berry as to be mistaken for the Duke of
Buccleuch ; Golden Champion, and Hamburgh.
Another vinery is devoted chiefly to Muscats,
which looked most promising, the whole of the
Vines being in robust vigour, carrying capital
crops. The centre division is reserved for plants
tastefully arranged and constantly varied accord-
ing to the season. At the time of my visit it
was chiefly furnished with Gloxinias in bloom,
standing slightly up above a base line formed
of Maidenhair Ferns ; these, backed up with
taller plants behind, had a very chaste and
charming effect. Nor must I in this hurried
notice forget to mention the fernery under
glass. This is a somewhat lofty house, with
the walls furnished boldly with masses of rock,
having crevices and pockets filled with different
large Ferns ; but the most striking feature of the
whole was the free use of Begonias of the Rex
section among the Ferns, the latter never seen
so much at home as when drooping over rocks,
and adding their rich and varied bands or
patches of colouring as a contrast to the ver-
dure of Ferns of different sorts. Mr. Lee is, no
doubt, first of all, a fruit grower, though the
plants at Lynford, and their arrangement alike
out-of-doors and in, prove him a skilful plants-
man alike in their culture and disposition.
D. T. F.

NEW GARDEN FERNS.

GvMNOGRAMMA Lathami.e, Mdore, mn: hyb.

Fronds oblong-lanceolate, z — z\ feet high, erectly
spreading, quadripinnate, pinnae ascending, obliquely
elongate, triangular, very stiortly stalked ; pinnules
sessile, deltoid, with numerous ovate pinnulets, cut down
to the rachis in small narrow segments, the larger of
which are forked or trifid, and the smaller ones entire ;
sori in short forked lines on the narrow segments
embedded in a white waxy secretion ; stipes and stout
main rachis, as well as slender secondary rachides, of a
bright chestnut-brown ; caudex erect.

This is supposed to be a garden hybrid raised
between G. decomposita and G. schizophylla, and
may very well be such in reality, the fronds possess-
ing characters which might have originated in this
way, and which do not appear likely to have been
brought about in any other manner. In the outline
of its fronds, and in the fine cutting and small narrow
segments of its pinnules, it most nearly resembles
G. schizophylla, and the fronds sometimes, but not
always show the forking of their apex characteristic
of that plant, but in its fiimer texture and in the
vigour and size of its fronds, which grow up in an
erectly spreading or shuttlecock fashion, it follows G.
decomposita.

G. Lathamire is a very handsome plant, and will
occupy quite one of the foremost positions in this
most ornamental genus. The size of the fronds —
2j feet high — moreover, gives to it an aspect of
importance which few of the finely cut species possess,
but of which G. decomposita is a very good illustra-
tion. The pinnae, which have scarcely any stalk, are
obliquely ascending, and form an unequal sided triangle,
the anterior side being broadest. The panicles are
sessile, and more equally deltoid, while the numerous
pinnulets are cut up into very small segments, of
which the smaller ones are entire, and the larger ones
forked, or the basal ones sometimes trifid. The sori
are abundant, and occupy the forking veins in the
narrow segments of the pinnulets, the sporecases
being embedded in a white waxy secretion, which
completely invests them, but does not extend to the
extreme edge or apex of the segments. The chestnut-
red stipes is remarkably firm and stout, as also is the
primary rachis, which is in strong contrast to the
slenderness of the secondary rachides. The upper
surface of the frond is a pale green, the lower surface
whitish from the presence of the waxy particles over
and among the sori.

This sterling novelty was raised by Mr. W. B.
Latham, Curator of the Botanic Garden, Edgbaston,
Birmingham, and we have much pleasure in dedicating
it to Mrs. Latham, of whose courteous kindness we
have a grateful remembrance. T. Moore.

Adiantum Fergusoni, Moore,
Fronds triangular ovate, tripinnate, stiffly erect in
habit ; pinnae long stalked, spreading ; pinnules variable
in size and form, but mostly large, their pedicels con-
tinuous with the rachis — not articulated, their general
form when at all regular bluntly ovate on slender pedicels
varying from J — \ an inch long ; truncate at the base,
with a pair of large basal lobes cut down to within about
one-third of the centre, and three or four smaller lobes
above, all the lobes again lobulate, and where sterile finely
toothed ; sometimes the lobes are more numerous and
the lobing more irregular, and sometimes the pinnules
are wedge-shaped as if the basal lobes were abortive. In
some pinniii the pinnules are distinct, almost distant,
and in others the pinnules themselves and their lobes
are closely imbricated towards the apex, giving to those
parts a semi-cristate character ; sori oblong at the tops
of the ultimate lobes ; stipes and rachides glossy purple-
black ; veins flabellately forked.

The history of this singular Fern, which has been
placed in our hands by Mr. B.aker, is very brief and
incomplete. It is cultivated by VV. Ferguson, Esq.,
F.L.S., at Colombo, in Ceylon, having been found
some time ago, as we understand, growing as a
chance seedling in his conservatory. In Ceylon it
seems to have attracted a good deal of attention, and
its proper position amongst the Maidenhairs has
somewhat exercised the pleridologists of Colombo.
According to one of the sug[;estions which have l>een
made it is a supposed hybrid between typical Adiantum
lenerum and its cristata variety farleyense. We can-
not adopt this view, seeing that A. tenerum has the
pinnules so decidedly articulated with their pedicels,
that many of them drop off in the mere process of
pressing and drying for the herbarium. In the

September 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

361

present case there is no sign whatever of this articula-
tion, and hence we cannot believe the two Ferns are
specilically related. We rather loolt upon it as a
sport or formofAdiantumCapillus-Veneris, but whether
a hybrid or an evolution we have no means of forming
an opinion. In any case it is so distinctly aberrant
that it will not class well .is .t variety under any
known species, and we have therefore separated it
as we would a distinct hybrid, and have attached to
it the name of Mr, Ferguson, in whose garden it
originated.

We hear that the plant has been CNhibited at a
flower show in Ceylon, and attracted considerable
attention. It is said to have a remarkably long
stipe, and stiffly erect ungraceful fronds, so that it
will have to be regarded more as an interesting
botanical enigma, than as an accession to our already
numerous ornamental Adiantums.

The specimens which have reached us are about

A HOLIDAY TRIP IN INDIA,

Madras, — Availing myself of two months' leave in
November and December, 1SS3, I visited South
India, which I had not seen before. Madras I found
hot and uninteresting, but I was repaid by a sight of
the Crotons in the compound of the Holy Emanuel
Church. They are a marvel of beauty, and of all
forms, sizes, and colours of leaf. The compound
glowed with colour. Some fine specimens were up-
wards of 6 feet high. The best I thought was the
C. pictus. I never suspected what a charming beauty
this was till I saw it here. These Crotons alone
were worth coming to Madras to see. There were
still finer specimens of some kinds in the horticultural
garden. Crotons are great favourites in Madras, and
justly so. A fine bush of them is a great feast for the
eye. They are much used for decorating verandahs
and porticos, and they appear to like the sea air.

The Masula boatmen interested me much. 1
thought them among the finest specimens of men t
had seen anywhere. Although not so heavy as
navvies, their muscular development is superb. The
muscles of their legs, thighs, trunk, arms, shoulders
and neck, are all equally well developed. One does
not see such fine specimens, except among acrobats.
They are middle-sized men, and are pictures of health
and strength. There is a curious and erroneous
notion, which unfortunately has found its way into
scientific books, that people in the tropics live
upon Rice and vegetables. No greater delu-
sion. These Masula boatmen eat plenty of mut-
ton or beef, according to religion, plenty of fish,
rice and vegetables, and drink a good deal of toddy,
or " arrack," brought from Colombo. Their only
covering is a small loin-cloth ; they are exposed to the
rain and the sea, and work hard. Whatever cargoes
come to and go from Madras are landed and shipped

Fig. 65. — lynford hall, Norfolk, (see p. 359.)

9 inches in length, exclusive of the stipes, and about
7 inches in breadth across the base. The unusual
length of the pedicels gives the frond a somewhat
spare and open appearance, while the leafy portions
seem in some places to have all run together towards
the ends of the pinnje, this crowding and the numerous
lobes and teeth giving it something of a cristata
aspect, which has doubtless led to the suggestion that
A. farleyense was concerned in its origin. We know
nothing of the character and vestiture of the caudex,
which, however, ought to throw some additional light
on its affinity. T. Moore.

TOMATOS AT THE " Healtheries."— Gardeners
and consumers who are interested in this fruit will
derive instruction from the inspection of a collection
of these which is on view at Messrs. Jas. Carter &
Co.'s stand in the South Gallery. The sorts include
the best of American and English raising, both large
and small fruited ; and are so arranged as to afford
readily means for comparison.

All the trees I saw in this capital appeared as of
yesterday. In vain did I search for some fine old
trees either on the roadsides, or in compounds, or
anywhere ; while, on the other hand, the whole
place looked so ancient. I saw no fine avenues. In
such a climate there should have been no difficulty in
growing trees with fine foliage ; they would add
grandeur to the future Madras to which the people
are aspiring. Many of the trees on the roads are ugly
specimens of the Thespesia populnea, which would
have been better suited to Dante's Inferno, as illus-
trated by Dore.

In the People's Park, the only interesting things
I saw were two cubs. They assured me that these
were hybrids between a wolf and a "pariah" dog.
The parents I saw also. The father was an ordinary
Indian wolf, and the mother a black pariah, with a
white neck and white feet. The cubs were wolf-like,
of a fawn colour, and one of them had a white foot.
I tried to ascertain whether such a fact had been re-
corded, but could not find that anybody took any
interest in such matters.

by them. Among them are Mohamedans, Hindoos,
and Roman Catholics, and they all appear to pull
well together in one boat. I left Madras with the
feeling that I should not like to have been the
designer of its fountains 1

Bangalore. — I looked in at Bangalore, as I had
often heard that this is the station of South India.
It is a fine place certainly, with a fine climate. I
was told punkahs are not generally used there,
excepting on hot days at meals. There are many
regiments stationed at Bangalore. The Cubbon
Park is an extensive place, with a fine large build-
ing over-looking from an upper terrace. The build-
ing is of a brick-red colour, and in it are the Govern-
ment offices. In the Park I saw a number of
Mango trees {the grafted Mango grows well), and
many of Pongamia glabra. I saw a few Arau-
carias, and many ugly-shaped Casuarinas ; in fact,
I hardly think I saw one well-shaped Casuarin?.
These were queer trees. Some grow as straight as
an arrow, others fork, and many grow cro kcd

362

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September so, iS

and all ways. While yet in the nursery it is not
diffi;uit to recognise which are likely to grow straight.
Those that do, often make fine trees, and the others
are not worth having. The Puinsettias were in flower,
and very fine, equal to those of the Mediterranean.
I saw a few trees here which are worthy of notice.
They are the Schinus molle, or Pepper tree. In the
Mediterranean this tree grows well, but cannot be
grown even so far north as Rome, on account of the
frost. I tried it largely in Lucknow. The damp, hot
weather of the rainy season killed it. In the Cubbon
Park there were four trees as large as those on the
Mediterranean, but, perhaps for want of a rich soil,
not so fully clothed with foliage. It is a very graceful
tree, and why they do not grow more of it in Banga-
lore I do not know. Its growing well there indicates,
I ihink, ihat the climate during the winter is like that
of the Mediterranean, and that in summer it is free
from the hothouse dampness of the tropics. I saw a
group of the Spathodea campanulata (this is the name
on the ticket). This is a tall tree, with unusually
dark green foliage, interspersed with masses of scarlet
bell-shaped flowers, turned upwards. At a short
distance they look like bunches of scarlet Pelargoniums.
The tree is a perfect marvel of the vegetable world,
and matched only, I think, by the Poinciana regia.
Its common name is "flame of the forest," An
avenue of Spathodeas, full grown, and in full
bloom, would be a subject on which to write
a poem. The charm of this tree is that it flowers in
winter. Will no one try to immortalise himself by
planting such an avenue in Bangalore ? It is a
curious thing that close to the red brick building
masses of Poinsettlas have been planted. Masses of
Cupressus sempervirens, which in Bangalore grows
superbly, would have been far more appropriate.
The soil appears generally good ; no artificial irriga-
tion is used, excepting when the trees are growing,
and the grass is everywhere fine in this park. The
fallen leaves are carefully swept away. This is well,
if they are ratted, and afterwards returned to the
roots of ihe trees. This is not done, and most of the
trees bear evidence of a want of leaf-mould. When
will people learn that the best manure for a tree is its
own decayed leaves ?

On the way to the Lai Bagh at Bangalore there
are various native nurserymen, I went into B.
Nagappah & Co.'s nursery and was much pleased to
find there an extensive collection of well grown
decorative plants, and all very moderate in price.
This firm appears to carry on a thriving business, not
only in Bangalore, but also with various parts of
South and Central India and Ceylon. They publish
a catalogue of plants and seeds ; somebody should,
however, help them to put down the right botanical
names. For Schinus Molle, they have Chinese
mulli. They have also a Splendunus variegata,
which probably would prove new to botanists ! Most
of the names are well hit off.

The Lai Bagh is a charming garden, with terraces
and parterres. Here a pretty use is made of the
Bignonia gracilis. It covers a sloping trellis, which
forms the verandah of a pic-nic shed. Its elegant
slender branches hang very prettily from the eaves —
the perfection of gracefulness. Near the band-stand
are two perfect specimens of Spathodea. The white
and purple Mcyenia are splendid here, and very
floriferous. These, however, and the Hamelia patens
are tortured into shapes of huge balloons and buttons,
I remember seeing at some station on the East Indian
Railway the tops of a "Mehndi" hedge (Lawsonia
inermis) clipped into figures of elephants, temples,
dogs and donkeys. This is excusable in a native
gardener, but to carry on such a system in the Lai
Bagh, Bangalore, where huge iron embossed botanical
tickets are used, is not only out of place, but, I think,
unpardonable. There are some fine specimens of
Cuptessus sempervirens as straight as an arrow, and
between 40 and 50 feet high, and beautifully clothed
with foliage from top to bottom. There are, how-
ever, too few of them, and they are stuck about singly,
like solitary unmeaning pillars. Some thousands of
them, grouped in striking masses, would be very
effective.

The Tamarind tree grows well, but is nowhere
used for avenues. Those who have been to
Fyzabad, in Oudh, know what a famous tree the
Tamarind is. Curiously enough, in Bangalore, I
?aw only one plant of the Bougainvillea glabra.
They have the spectabilis, which flowers only
once a year ; nowhere have I seen anything
like the " fireworks " of Bouganvillea glabra which

there are in Lucknow. The Grevillea robusta
makes a pretty road tree. The Lai Bagh is a great
place for promenades on band evenings. One
evening the European cavalry band was playing Tinder
a pretty kiosk-like place. The Bangalore society
were promenading about the terraces and parterres.
I was snugly seated on a high bit of ground under a
Spathodea. For a few moments I allowed myself to
dream that I was in Versailles ! Here they use the
beautiful large single red Hibiscus rosa sinensis for
hedges, and they clip them ! I saw a fine untouched
bush of this same Hibiscus in the shade of a pretty
tree, with its base fringed with Fern and painted
leaves ; it was unique, and worth more than a mile
of the clipped hedge, I saw a European Olive tree,
and also a Carob tree ; both looked healthy, I
should not wonder if Mysore, with its almost
Mediterranean climate, were suited to these trees.
The Cocoa-nut Palm grows well, and so do other
Palms, but nowhere are they used for decorative pur-
poses, I have not seen one specimen of Lombardy
Poplar, although it ought to do welt in such a
climate. They have two F^igs, the Ficus coraosa and
Benjamina, which are very pretty and suited for
avenues. All over Bangalore there is an infinity of
trees of the Poinciana regia. What a conflagration
in the spring I Then, one would almost require
tinted spectacles to save his eyes from the blaze — I did
not see, however, a single decent avenue of any sort ;
such as would make you stop and look at it again
and again, and say within yourself, "How fine!"
All are o( the " higgledy-piggledy " style. In one
line are planted a number of incongruous trees that
cannot by their nature ever form a line. All avenues,
in fact, are planted like this in India. In all my travels
from north to south I have not yet seen one avenue
worth looking at, except the Tamarind one at Fyza-
bad, and that, I was told, was planted by a Rani
" somebody " long before the British occupation. I
liked Bangalore very much, but I left it with the im-
pression that they may have engineers and gardeners
there, but there was no trace of artists. With such
wealth of trees and shrubs growing in the open air,
what a paradise a landscape gardener might make of
this military capital of South India, with its fine
Mediterranean climate ! E. B.

{To he continued.)

FERTILITY OF HYBRIDS,

A NOTE before me reads: "You would do good
service by giving illustrations where hybrids between
undoubted species have proven fertile."

Just what is an "undoubted" species cannot be
answered. As Dr. Gray somewhere puts it, the idea
of a species has become a matter of experience.
Marked differences without a series of closely con-
necting links might be regarded as undoubtedly con-
stituting distinct species in one case ; in another case
differences of precisely the same degree, but connected
by a chain of minute variations, would probably lead
to the decision that the farms constituted a single
polymorphous species. The modern idea of a species
is little more than that which might be suggested by
two ends of a chain, in which we cannot find the
connecting links. The two ends would represent
two species. If afterward we find the lost links
many would want to unite the two as one. Some
would not be so ready to do this as others. They
would not expect to find exact boundaries. Their
idea of a species would allow of a little overlapping
at the boundaries ; and the two extremities would
rather be centres of circles than the end of a line
of descent. But there are differences of opinion
on this subject to make it difficult to present species
that would be " undoubted " to every mind. This
difiiculty is greater from the widely extended belief that
a hybrid must of necessity be sterile. Many, with this
prepossession, will not regard a species as " un-
doubted " if it produces fertile progeny when crossed
by another. The very term hybrid, in its original
Greek sense, is also against us ; for no " outrage " on
Nature ought to be reproductive, and there is no
doubt but the name was originally intended to mean
simply the mule — the sterile, unproductive animal,
which constituted about all that was known of the
subject by the ancients. A fertile hybrid would be a
contradiction in terms. It is worthy of note, how-
ever, that the great father of modern botany does
not seem to have had much, if, indeed, any idea
of sterility in his comprehension of the term.
He believed that a large number of plants

which he regarded as true species, and to
which he gave specific rank and specific
names, originated as hybrids. Thus we have Trifo-
lium hybridum, Trigonella hybrida. Campanula hy-
brida, Papaver hybridum, Chelidonium hybridum,
Vicia hybrida, Tussilago hybrida, Sedum hybridum,
Veronica hybrida, Chenopodium hybridum, among a
large number of similar Linnean names. Linnsus
must have been aware of the complete fertility of all
these, yet the idea of complete sterility seems to have
followed closely after his time. Milne, in his Dic-
tionary (lyyo), says absolutely :—" The seeds of
hybrid plants will not propagate." Leading botanists,
who have succeeded him seem to have had mixed
ideas ; sometimes in their writings evidently inclining
to the idea that hybrids should be sterile, at others
indicating an impression that they were generally
fertile. Lindley, in his T/ieurf of Horticulture, leans
a little from Milne, and tells us that "facts prove that
undoubted hybrids may be fertile." He, however,
doubtfully says that the reasoning about the subject
has been " derived but from very few facts, and from
the analogy of the higher orders in the vegetable
kingdom." Darwin, however, shows that there were
but three or four cases of intermixture of species
known among the higher animals, and, curiously
enough, when he ventured to add to their numbers,
he found the hybrids of his own raising fertile. (See
Nature, January t, 1880) Romanes (" Hybridisa-
tion," Encyclopedia Britannica), while telling us in
one place that there are " innumerable " exceptions
to the old belief that hybrids are sterile, goes on
further to speak of the "sterility which so generally
prevails." A leading botanist, recently deceased,
often wrote to the writer about the sterility of hybrids.
An Oak growing near St. Louis he was sure must be
a hybrid, because in many years he never saw but
one seed on it ; yet he had as strong a belief that the
Quercusheterophylla, or Bartram Oak, was a hybrid,
though it is as fertile as any other Oak. The diffi-
culty of satisfying the mind on this question of
sterility, in view of the evidences to the contrary, has
been so eminent, that refuge has been taken in the
belief that "if not absolutely sterile at first, it will
become so in the second, third, or fourth generation."
(Lindley, Introduction to Botany.) Darwin {Origin
of Species) says : "It is a fact that hybrids are very
generally sterile." Vet he quotes no evidence of any
moment to support this ; on the contrary, shows that
Kolreuter and Gaertner, two chief fathers of the
sterility belief, might have more properly referred the
sterility which in many cases followed their experi-
ments to other causes than that of hybridism. Indeed,
notwithstanding the statement that "hybrids are very
generally sterile," all, nearly, of his illustrations
among plants, show that they are as fertile, and in
cases more so, than the parent plants.

The facts are, that the recorded and undisputed
cases of sterility in hybrids among plants are so rare
that it would seem the onus should be on that side
to prove the point. The writer does not know where
to look for cases of " undoubted " hybrids among
plants that are sterile. In most cases where reference
is made it has been assumed that they were hybrids,
because there was some difference in appearance from
the normal form, or, perhaps, from the simple fact of
sterility alone. The curious Pyrus Polvilleriana, in
the garden of the Museum at Paris, is a case in point.
This was known in Biuhin's time, and, when the
knowledge of hybridism was developed, believed to
be a cross between an Apple and a Pear. It bore
fruit ; but it was thought there was no seed in them.
But, in i860, Decaisne cut large numbers open and
found thirteen seeds in 150 fruit. In 1S64 sixty-two
seeds were found in 139, Now the very fact of the
fertility varying with different seasons shows that
sterility was in relation to the structure in connection
with external circumstances, rather than in any phy-
siological imperfection in the reproductive organs
themselves. In some other locations, where the cir-
cumstances should be uniformly .as they were in 1S64,
we should have a tolerably fertile tree. Seedlings
from the tree showed a relationship to Cratregus
Aria, and, indeed, from what we now know of
departures from normal types without any pretensions
to hybridism, one may say that there is no fair reason
for regarding this curious tree as a hybrid, or the
sterility as having anything to do with the question
of hybridisation. The writer has a tree, certainly
raised from Halesia tetraptera, certainly no hybrid, as
there is nothing near for the parent tree to hybridise
with, which is so dilTerent from the parent type that

September 20, 1SS4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

363

it can scarcely be called a Halesia. It is as
sterile as the most famous hybrid could be. In
short, sterility is well known to often follow the union
of two individuals in the animal kingdom, and there
are " innumerable " cases of sterility among individual
plants ; sterility will often be characteristic of a whole
race, and often of a whole species ; and we may say
positively tliat there is no more sterility among re-
cognised hybrids than we find of everyday occurrence
where hybridisation is certainly out of the question.
/*, Aft-chan,

{To he continued.")

WOODS AND RAINFALL.

The fact that a spring is often seen to increase in
volume during the period in which a wood is growing,
and ceasing to flow on the same being cut down, at
the same time that the soil, when it is covered with
trees, is usually in a dry state, has frequently been
mooted, and a variety of reasons adduced for this
peculiar feature. I therefore venture to note down
my own observations, taken in various parts. Surface-
soil will be dry owing to the root absorbing as much
water or nearly as it can hold between its organic
particles. What cannot be retained by the soil nor
be utilised by the roots during its downward progress
reaches lower and impervious strata, and will there
remain to form springs may be, or it may rise to a
higher level by natural increase from snow and rain,
and then flow over through pervious strata to lower
levels such as those of brooks and rivers.

On bare land, although there is nothing in the
way of roots to absorb moisture, if we except
the roots of herbage, the surface-water runs ofif
to lower levels, if the surface is hard, or forms
pools and marshy places, and in stiff soils re-
mains for lengthened periods, during those periods
of the year when the sun has but little evaporating
effect on water. In the hotter months the evapora-
tion from bare land is much greater than is possible
in a wood, the soil of which is shaded by the trees,
and therefore rains falling at that period have not
time to soak into the land, but are rapidly evaporated
by the sun-heat, and carried elsewhere in the form of
vapour. Perhaps bare, light soils overlying gravel
or greensand, lose less by evaporation than the
former, as the descent of rain is much quicker to
depths beyond the reach of the sun's power.

Where forests abound floods are much rarer in the
main streams, provided the banks are sufficiently high
and strong, and that there is care taken that no
silting up occurs from any cause, thereby raising the
bottom of the stream in places, and so causing a want
of room for large quantities of water. Where snow
remains on hill tops, and then suddenly melts in June
and July, floods are then the most difficult to avoid,
or to control, although forests may clothe the lower
portions of the hills and line the streams. But ifsuch
hills — when the altitude admits of its being done —
were planted to their tops, the greatest risk would be
averted, as the melting of the snow would be gradual,
and the consequent rush of water after heavy summer
downfalls would also be much less rapid. Forest
ground evaporates therefore less than bare ground,
and the trees on it consume much water by
their roots and absorb also a little by their leaves in
summer time. In winter the action of trees on the
water falling on the land becomes more controlled by
the nature of the soil, its slope, and the composition of
the underlying strata. Trees at that season exert the
minimum of direct influence through root action, and
water either sinks slowly, as in heavy soils and in
partially pervious strata, or rapidly in those of an
opposite nature, and much finds its way by artificial
and natural channels to rivers, <S:c. Failing these
natural and artificial means of clearing land of the
moisture that in one or another form descends on it,
it gets only partially dried by the action of tree roots,
assisted by evaporation from its surface during the
hotter periods of the year.

In this way forests act as conservators of water in
so far as they prevent a too rapid evaporation, but
the trees themselves part with great quantities which
has been drawn by their roots from the soil, and
which is lost in the air by a drying-out process going
on in the leaves. Theirown requirements inbuildingup
the tree growths of stem, roots, and foliage represent
an immense amount of water and dew, and it is only
the surplus remaining which finds its way to the
streams ; but this flowing away gradually and in
reduced quantity than is the case from bare soil, is

therefore less liable to cause floods, except in such
exceptional instances as have been alluded to.

The dampness felt in dense or even moderately
dense woods is not so much due to any locked up
moisture in the land itself as to the confined
cool moist air, a condition that is owing mainly
to the shade of the foliage hindering the sun's
heat from penetrating to the stratum of air near the
ground level. Higher up, near the tops of the trees,
it is of a pleasanter and more buoyant nature. In
windy weather [this cool moist feel in the air is
much lessened, or else entirely absent, the moisture
itself being carried through the wood by the action of
the wind, and is replaced by the drier, or colder,
or may be warmer air, from outside the wood. This
condition of the air within a wood will account for
the prevalence of dew on the herbage early in the
day, and up to mid-day, and in denser parts throughout
the day, when the air circulation is gentle. M, A,

GATHERING AND STORING
FRUIT.

It will, I doubt not, be the exclamation of many,
when they see the above heading, *'I have no fruit to
gather ! " but though there are some who own gardens
or orchards in that unfortunate position, there are
others more favoured, as in most districts there is a
sprinkling, and in others very good crops. Unfor-
tunately the wind, which blew a gale, and the heavy
fall of wet with it on the the 4th, has knocked down
and spoiled much ; but though that is so, I am not
sure that it will result in loss, as the fallen fruit may
be used, and that not too badly bruised will keep for
a time, besides which all left on the trees, except
forward sorts, will swell rapidly after the heavy soak-
ing the earth has just got, and the chances are that
they will nearly double their size, as the soil is very
warm, and the roots in it active. Plums, such as
Coe*s Golden Drop, Jefferson, Reine Claude de Bavay,
and other late kinds, are splitting, and when this
takes place it is useless allowing them to hang, for if
they escape rot, wasps and flies are sure to attack
them, and the best thing is to gather them at once for
use, as all these varieties are excellent cooked, and
should be more grown for that purpose. The Jefferson
Plum, if gathered when dry, and laid or hung up in
an airy room, will keep a week or more, as will also
Coe's Golden Drop, much longer than that, and these,
when eaten, will be found to be perfect sweetmeats.
Good as Morello Cherries are any time until now,
they are doubly so during September and the early
part of October ; but to keep them in condition till
then the wall requires a coping of some kind over the
trees, to ward off wet, which at this period soon brings
on decay ; and the same holds good with red and
white Currants, which will only hang late on bushes
trained on a wall. To know when to gather Pears
and Apples it is necessary to be acquainted
with the sorts, which vary much as to their season of
ripening, but it may be stated broadly that the later
they are in coming into use the longer they need to
hang on the tree. Take Pears, for instance, such as
Josephine de Malines, Easter Beurre, Ne Plus Meuris,
and others that keep till April or May, and gather
them when the winter kinds are picked, and it will
soon be seen that a great mistake has been made, as
they will shrivel and never be any good. It is also
the same with Apples, and all late sorts of these, as
well as Pears, should be left out till they begin to
loosen their hold, or there is danger from frost coming
to injure them before they are housed. The first
Pears to come in now are Beurre Superfin, Beurre
d'Amanlis, Louise Bonne, and Marie Louise; and in-
stead of a general gathering being made of these or any
others it is much better to go carefully over the trees
and take the most forward, by doing which the season
for their use is greatly prolonged. If it cannot be
decided by the eye when they are fit to pluck a gentle
upward bend will soon prove if they are ready, as when
they are all Pears and Apples separate at once at the
joint of the stalk, and they should never be pulled till
they do. Some go by the colour of the pips, and though
this is a fairly safe guide still it does not tell so closely
as the test just named, which is unerring, and may be
relied on by any one who is in doubt when to pick.
As so much depends on the way fruit is handled in
regard to its keeping the baskets to put them in should
be padded by having a lining of soft hay, moss, or a
thick cloth placed round the sides and over the
bottom, that the fruit may not by the weight of one on

the other be pressed against the material and bruised,
as any abrasion or indentation of the skin is the first
step to decay. The best place to store Apples and
Pears is a dry room or cellar where the temperature
is not only cool but equable, as changes either way
are not favourable for their keeping. This is why it
is that thatched buildings or those low down on the
ground will preserve fruit in a fresh plump condition
longer than any other, and under such storage I have
seen Marie Louise Pears in good order at Christmas
iV. J. S.

IJnlpd mti% and Ijkamup,

Oncidiums for the Intermediate-house.—
Following the remarks on Oncidiums requiring cool-
house treatment (p. 294), it will be well also to
enumerate a few which are sometimes grown too cold
in winter, and which succeed best in the Cattleya or
intermediate*house — not in all cases because they
want more heat than the cool-house gives, but
because the air in the intermediate-house is drier, and
because a clearer light is generally to be found in it
than there is in the Odontoglossum-house, both of
which circumstances are favourable to many Onci-
diums. The fleshy-leaved section is particularly
impatient of damp and cold, and consequently many
of them which might be successfully wintered in a
low temperature'if kept very dry, are in immediate
danger in such a situation if kept moist, or if even by
accident drips from the roof fall on them. The risk
and trouble are, therefore, too great to make it worth
while to attempt them in the cold-house, when they
will thrive better and with less trouble in the tempe-
rature in which our Cattleyas are now generally
grown. The whole of this section of Oncidiums, -
commencing with the most beautiful O. Lanceanura
(a note and illustration of which we gave May 10,
p. 609), and following with O. luridum and its varie-
ties, O, intermedium, brown, yellow, and red ; O.
bicallosum, yellow ; O. Cavendishianum, yellow ; O.
carlhaginenseand its varieties, roseumand sanguineum,
white, rose, and brown ; O, pumilum, yellow, &c. ; will
thrive best as intermediate-house plants. They like
a clear but subdued light, and are all easily injured by
the direct rays of the sun falling upon them, indeed
that is the most fruitful cause of the frequently spotted,
blackened and damaged leaves on the fleshy leaved
Oncidiums, O. Lanceanum, O. luridum, and O.
intermedium should be placed in the warmest part of
the house, and the others in the coolest ; O. ampliatum
and O. ampliatum majus stand no chance in the cool-
house but should be placed in the warmest part of the
intermediate-house. These and particularly the var.
majus are fine plants when well grown ; they used to
form the most telling plants in exhibition groups, and
even now some grand specimens of them often appear
at flower shows. O. juncifolium (Ceboletti), O.
Sprucei, the new and lovely O. Jonesianum, and all
the other terete-leaved Oncids, are best in the inter-
mediate-house. With regard to O. Jonesianum it.
thrives best on blocks, the plants being so placed as
to hang head downward after the manner of the
Scuticarias ; if hung upright it is said to become very
stubborn and hardly to move at all. O. Papilio, O.
P. Krameii, and the other varieties of the Butterfly
Orchid, want more heat than the cool-house
affords, and they must, therefore, come into the present
category. They thrive best on blocks or in baskets
in the shadiest part of the house. Oncidium pul-
chellum (white and rose), O. triquetrum (white
and red), and O. Lemonianum (yellow), form
a neat, dwarf-growing, bulbless section of West
Indian Islands Orchids, growing but a lew inches
in height, and sending out long sprays of pretty
flowers, which in the case of O. pulchellum look
startlingly handsome when well grown. This section
will not stand a dry heat for any length of time, but
they are not safe in the Odontoglossum-house in
winter ; it is, therefore, better to grow them on blocks,
keep them always moist, and suspend them in the
coolest part of the Cattleya-house or some other
which does not fall below 55" in winter. O. pulvi-
natum, O. divaricatum, and other soft-leaved Oncids
do best in the intermediate-house in winter, and
even an occasional plant of the cold house kinds
from an exceptionally low altitude may prefer it as
Mr. De B. Crawshay remarks (p. 332) with respect
to that well known cool-house Mexican Orchid, 0,

364

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1SS4.

incurvum. On the other hand many of the above
enumerated Oncidiums which I wish to caution
growers from keeping too cold in winter are quite as
often met with suffering from too much heat ; it will be
best, therefore, to say in plain terms that there is no
known Oncidium which requires a greater heat than
that of our ordinary intermediate-house, or that will
not grow better, and be sounder and flower freer in
that temperature than in a warmer. The whole of
them, indeed, which are not growing in summer are
to be greatly benefited by being removed even from
the intermediate-house to a shady greenhouse or
cooler Orchid-house at that season, James O'Brien.

Cattleya Walkeriana. — This is one of the
small growing Brazilian species, of evergreen habit,
with blunt strap-shaped leaves. The peduncles come
from the base of the pseudobulb, and bear two flowers
about 4i inches in diameter. The sepals are narrow,
the petals roundish-ovate, both rosy-lilac, lip 3-lobed,
lateral lobes erect, shorter than the flat, oblong,
truncated central lobe, which is of a rich magenta
with a basal yellow blotch. Mr. Williams finds it to
do well in a stove with Crotons exposed to full light.
Orchid Album, t. 154.

Vandas. — The remarks on these at p. 332 are in-
teresting and instructive, inasmuch that they prove
how well these handsome Orchids grow in the neigh-
bourhood of London, or rather in London itself. All
the varieties of V. tricolor and V. suavis succeed
equally well in Messrs. Veitch's nursery at Chelsea,
where a large importation of the true V. insignis has
become well established, and the plants of this succeed
as well as the others. I have frequently admired the
plants in the Upper Holloway Nurseries, furnished as
they are with leaves to the very base of the plants.
Some of these leaves must be at least ten years old,
and they are of as deep and healthy a green colour as
if they had been formed the year previous. Mr.
Thomson, of Clovenfords, near Galashiels, has also
been very successful in growing this class of Vandas,
and his plants have been grown in the same tem-
perature. Other growers have been successful,
but the fact remains that the largest proportion
of cultivators have not been so. One of the most
enthusiastic and successful of cultivators, the late Mr,
Spyers, fancied that it was the nature of Vandas to
lose their lower leaves after they had flowered freely.
That this is a fallacy is abundantly proved by the
Vandas alluded to above. Now it is easy enough to
give the plants the same temperature as Mr. Williams
and Messrs. Veitch give theirs, and there is no diffi-
culty in shading them, but the results are not always
the same. Perhaps the watering of the plants and the
atmospheric conditions have something to do with the
want of success in some cases. Ventilation, too, plays
an important part in the economy of Orchid-houses.
Those who have been unsuccessful in the culture of
Vandas would do well to consider whether their
houses are sufficiently ventilated. The hot-water
pipes are usually placed close to the walls, and it may
be of consequence to state that the Vanda-houses of
Mr. Williams and of Messrs. Veitch are span-roofed,
in that case the hot-water pipes are fixed close to each
aide wall, and opposite the pipes ventilators are placed
in the wall, so that the air passing into the house
must be warmed by its contact with the pipes. These
ventilators should be open night and day in all but
very cold weather. There should, of course, always
be ventilators at the top of the house, which are
also kept open on all occasions when the weather
admits of it. The plants should be placed in pots
more than half full of clean potsherds. The potting
material should consist of pieces of charcoal, broken
potsherds, and sphagnum chopped up ; and during
the growing season the surface should be a compact
mass of live sphagnum : this is attained by frequent
waterings with rain-water. Once in a week or ten
days the plants may be dipped in a tank of rain-water,
plunging the pots to the depth of the drainage, else
the underneath roots may suffer while those on the
surface are moist. Plunging the pots in the water
causes wood-lice, &c., to come out. A most essential
part of their culture is the resting period in winter ;
during that time they should neither have a moist
atmosphere nor a high temperature — 50° is a good
average minimum. Water should also be very
sparingly applied to the roots. The moss which has
been kept quite green hitherto will become whitish
owing to the more moderate supply of water. In
January, or early in February, the plants will begin to
grow again, and will require more water, while those

requiring it should be repotted. J. Douglas, Great
Gearies, Ilford.

fj Saccolaeium eellinum, Rche. f. — This pretty
species was described in our columns, n.s.,xxi.,p, 174.
The evergreen leaves are strap-shaped, deeply and
unequally notched at the apex. The flowers are
borne in short racemes, each flower being about
l\ inch across, flat, sepals and petals obovate oblong,
yellow blotched with brown, Hp i inch long, cup-
shaped at the base, side lobes erect, central lobe
transversely elliptic with numerous thread-like
processes on each side, and with a central yellow spot
marked with bright red blotches. At Mr. Lee's, at
Leatherhead, the plant is grown in the East India-
house near the roof, where it gets plenty of light. This
rare species is figured in the Orchid Album, t. 156.

Odontoglossum Pescatorei. — I have been
interested in counting the flowers on spikes of O.
Pescatorei, and have seen a great many of them. The
finest I ever saw was in Messrs, Veitch's nursery at
Chelsea, and on it I counted a hundred flowers. I
see allusion is made at p. 33210 " gracefully branched
spikes frequently having from 100 to 150 flowers." I
would ask, is that in this country ? When the flowers
on the above plant were counted, it was stated in my
hearing that one of our most successful Orchid
growers had often counted the flowers on a spike of
this Orchid, but had never yet found one to reach a
hundred, although he had obtained one with ninety-
nine flowers, y. Douglas.

Ccelogyne Gardneriana. — A species with dark
shining green pseudobulbs with foliage about a foot
high or more. It produces its flowers on drooping
spikes, the blossoms being pure white, having a pale
lemon-yellow tip to the lip, and it blooms in October
and November, continuing in beauty for three or four
weeks. Mr. Williams says that in his experience this
plant does well grown in a pot or basket with good
fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, and with perfect
drainage. It must be well elevated above the rim
of the pot or basket, a few lumps of charcoal
being added to the peat. In the growing season
the material about the roots must be kept moist,
and when the growth is completed it should get only
enough moisture to keep the pseudobulbs plump, but
when the plant begins to grow more water must be
afforded it, in order to induce it to grow freely. It
thrives well in the Cattleya-house, as near as possible
to the glass, but shaded from the burning sun. The
species is a native of Nepal, Khasia, &c., and is scarce
in cultivation. It is figured in the last number of the
Orchid Album, t. 153, from which we have condensed
the above note.

Cypripedium insigne. — Any one who has
a frame or a pit with glass or a small greenhouse can
grow this plant, than which there is no more accom-
modating one in the whole order. The secret is to
take care of the plant after the flowering season (winter)
is over. " We grow this Cypripedium," says Mr,
Williams, ** in a warm pitduringwinterafterthe flower-
ing is over ; in spring and summer no heat is required,
but it must have plenty of ventilation during the day,
the pit being closed at night. When the blossoms
are nearly ready to open we take them into a warmer
house in order to expand their flowers. When they
have finished flowering they are repotted if necessary.
Abundance of water in the growing season, with the
addition of a little manure-water, is desirable, and the
plant should be grown near the glass. Orchid
Album, t. 155,

nature of the " quill " is here shown in the distri-
bution of the colour, as it is also in Paragon and in
the variety of Marigold known as Meteor,

Bcauly of Hardwicke had fallen to pieces before we
received it. The ray florets seem astonishingly broad,
ovate-obtuse, golden-yellow, with a reddish-brown,
blotched at the base ; the whole flushed with lilac.
Disc yellow.

Formosa. — This is a very handsome variety, flowers
of which are sent us by Messrs. Cheal & Sons, of
Crawley, Sussex. It received a First-class Certificate
at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society,
and well deserved the honour. The flowers are of
medium size and good form, of a rich glowing chest-
nut-red ; the disc yellow.

Streptosolen Jamesoni.— Messrs. Cannell send
us splendid spikes of this fine orange-flowered plant,
which after being neglected for many years has once
more been brought to the front by the real of Messrs,
Cannell. It was figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
p, 797, vol, xxi.

Hibiscus syriacus (Althaea frutex),— It is
inconceivable why these fine autumn flowering shrubs
are so little esteemed. There seems to be a sort of
blight over ornamental trees and shrubs, which keeps
them from assuming their rightful place. When
people take more interest in their gardens, and less
about the decoration of their dinner-tables and
boudoirs, and when the demand for cut flowers
becomes reduced to more moderate proportions, we
may expect this class of plants to emerge from the
cold shade of neglect. Mr. Anthony Waterer, Knap
Hill, sends us some specimens of fine varieties, which
are flowering well this autumn in most places.

Duchess of Brabant is a double flower, the petals
of which are white striped with reddish-lilac, some-
what like an Apple blossom.

Double Blue is rather lilac than blue, but very
pretty.

Celeste is a lovely single variety, with obovate blue
petals, with a crimson blotch at the base, running out
into radiating streaks of the same colour.

Amaranth is very similar to the last-named, but of
a pale lilac colour.

Totus albus is, as the name implies, pure white.
It is a single flower, of great beauty.

Alba plena is a double-flowered variety, the flowers
very full ; petals white, with a magenta blotch at the
base.

Narcissus serotinus. — Mr. Ware sends us under
the name N. oxypetalus aurantius what we take to be
N. serotinus. It is an autumn-flowering species, with
a very slender flower-stalk, bearing at its summit a
single white flower, like that of the common Jasmine.
The membranous spathe is twice the length of the
pedicel, the ovary very small, the flower-tube three
quarters of an inch long, very slender, and with a flat
six-parted limb, the white segments of which are
spreading oblong. The corona is very shallow, divided
into six shallow rounded lobes of a rich orange colour.
Three outer or uppermost stamens have very short
filaments, but project nevertheless slightly beyond the
tube, the three inner stamens have much longer fila-
ments given off from the base of the tube but included
within it. The style is short. The plant would not
get a First-class Certificate, but it would be highly
appreciated by the botanist.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

Single Dahlias.— From Mr. T. Fish come two
novelties, one which bears his own name, and which is
not only novel but interesting, which is more than can
be said for all florists' flowers. It is a good, flat,
circular flower, with regular broad ray florets, the
edges striped with canary-yellow, the centre white :
the disc is a rich golden-yellow. This is a very
attractive flower. The special interest lies in the dis-
tribution of the colour. The outer or ray florets,
though apparently single, are, as every botanist
knows, made up of three, perhaps five, petals united,
but generally the notches at the end indicate the
number of petals. In the present instance there are
three petals joined ; the two side ones are canary-
yellow, the central one white, so that the composite

COLONIAL NOTES.

Roses in Melbourne. — Roses are not always
cultivated in private gardens here to the best advan-
tage, indeed, one of the reasons for the want of
success with them is the frequency of the attacks by
aphides, combined with a want of vigour, all super-
induced by poverty of soil and nonapplication of water
and manure. The Tea Roses bid fair to take a lead-
ing place now, at least so far as white and semi-white
flowering varieties are concerned, in preference to
many of the hybrid perpetuals.

Pruning, too, is but poorly attended to in many
instances. The other day I quoted to my sick father
(an old and experienced gardener) Mr. Wolley Dod's
advice (April 5, 1SS4, p. 45S), to prune with the
shears. Well, he smiled at that, and shook his head
very dubiously ; but when I told him of the still more
serious method by means of the donkey (Scotch
clergyman's plan), he was fairly convulsed with
laughter.

Prune Roses ? Oh yes I But how are we to arrange

September 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

365

for a supply of these new " gardeners ? " We have
one here, who can bite well, too well, alas I — for was
he not the cause of the death of an unfortunate fellow
who ventured to caress him several months since.
The said donkey conveys a barrel-organ or something
of that kind, together with its mendicant owner, about
our city.

Stand by the old plan, I say ; use the knife, and only
when required. Do not prune the Tea Roses any
oftener than necessary. Prune away, but not too
hard, back to last year's wood, in connection with the
hybrid perpetuals, and if blight insects (aphides)
renew their attack, why, use the Van Vean water, by
means of the hose and director, and scatter them.
Roses will come to perfection, and plenty of them, if
a common-sense plan be observed and practised.
Query : Was the Rev. C. Wolley Dod in a humorous
mood when he recommended the plan (?) to which I
have referred ? Our water supply is from a large lake

following the example set by Mr. Guilfoyle, in culti-
vating plants for effect in winter, as he does, so freely,
especially by using those with variegated foliage, by
w.iy of contr.ast with others of varied hues. The
names of the more prominent of these are Cineraria
montana, Iresine Ilerbstii, Mesembryanthemum cor-
difolium, Plectranthus Eckloni, Beets (various),
Ricinus Gibsoni, Coprosma picturata variegata,
Cryptomeria japonica, Veronica Anderson! variegata,
Arundo donax variegata, Phormium tenax variegata,
Centaurea argentea, and many others. The effect in
winter is very pleasing indeed, and the gardens much
appreciated in consequence by the numerous visitors
who throng the lawns of Buffalo-grass (Stenotaphrum
glabrum) on holidays, &c.

The more prominent exotic plants in flower which
are to be seen in the garden at the present time, are
Berberis Darwinii, Caltha oethiopica. Camellias,
various, Diosma alba, Erica Bowieana, Lasiandra

folium (orange coloured berries only, very effective),
Thryptomene Mitchelliana. " Pcnrhyn," McWounte,
July 14.

Garkva elliptica. — This handsome evergreen
shrub succeeds well in the mild climate of North
Wales, and especially so in the valley of the Conway,
where it is at preeent fruiting freely in the gardens of
Henry D. Pochin, Esq., of Bodnant. I enclose a
small branch of it with fruit. J. Douglas. [This is one
of the very few cases in which we have seen the fruit.
The plant is direcious. Ed.]

Crat.t.gus Douglasii.— What lovely berry-bear-
ing subjects many of the Cratsegus family are, and

Fig. 66. — THE FLOWER GARDEN AT LYNFORD HALL, (SEE P. 359.)

called the Van Yean, which is fed by the Plenty
River ; it is situated about 20 miles from here,

Melbourne Botanic Garden. — Midwinter
is scarcely a favourite time for flowers : they are
indeed, even in our mild climate, to be found in
no great variety. Our coldest season is between
May and August, in which we are subject at times to
severe frosts, snow only occurring in the upland dis-
tricts, in parts some 40 miles from Melbourne.
Plants in flower are, of course, very scarce as yet, but
many kinds might be quoted as bravely flowering,
and beautifying some of our gardens, both public and
private ; however, in some of the latter matters are
by no means satisfactory, for scarcely a flower-spike is
to be seen.

A quiet stroll through the Melbourne Botanic
Garden is at this season interesting and instructive —
so the writer of this memorandum thinks, and he is of
opinion, farther, that those gardens with no flowers in
them at present, might be made passably beautiful by

macrantba, Lasiandra macrantha iloribunda (4^
inches across flower), Mesembryanthemum (various
colours), Nandina domestica. Narcissus (various),
Polygala myrtifolia, P. grandiflora, P. speciosa,
Fhotinia serrulata, Protea mellifera, P. nigrescens,
Pyrus japonica, Thea chinensis, Tecoraa capensis,
Viburnum Tinus.

Some of the more interesting of the winter flower-
ing plants of Australia, as growing in the garden,
may be seen to advantage now in groups (of course,
in the open air) set apart by Mr. Guilfoyle for their
accommodation. The names may be interesting, as
many of their brethren in Europe have to be tended
in temperate and hothouses, and treated very carefully
to ensure the blooming of the same species, which
cost scarcely an effort here ; they are Bauera rupioides,
Banksia ericifolia, Brachycoma multifida, Corrsea
speciosa v. pulcherrima (and others), Callistemon coc-
cineum, Calythrix tetragona, Chorozema cordatum,
Epacris impressa (pink and white varieties), Epacris
longifolia, Grevillea alpina, G. ericifolia, G. macro-
stylis, Leucopogon Richei, Pittosporum rhombi-

how very seldom the finest varieties are seen in
gardens ! The whole lot of them are grown well in
Messrs. Wheeler's nursery, Gloucester, and the
Douglasii seems the most ornamental of all, as it pro-
duces large clusters of brown berries, which indi-
vidually are as large as Morello Cherries. I never
saw anything prettier as a berried bush at this season
of the year. J. Miiir.

Planera Richardi, or Zelkoua Tree. —
"There are two trees situated in the bowling green
of the * Woodrow Inn ' here (Cawston, Norfolk),
which are great curiosities ; not only each branch, but
each twig, bearing leaves of three different kinds of
trees — namely. Oak, Beech, and Hornbeam. The
trees would have been pulled to pieces years ago by
parties taking branches as specimens if it had not
been stopped." The above notice in the Post-office
Directory of Norfolk, 1879, excited my curiosity and
a desire to see the tree ; and I was gratified when a
friend who had passed through Cawston brought me

366

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SeI'TEMPER 20, 1884.

a twig bearing leaves of very dissimilar appeirance.
I at once recognised the tree as Planera Richardi, of
which I have for many years possessed a growing tree.
The leaves differ quite as much in their venation as
in outline j and it is remarkable that no notice is
taken of this singular feature in Lindley and Moore's
Jreantry^ nor in Lindley's VegctabU Kingdom, nor in
Loudon's A'boie/U!!:, The fertile catkins on my
tree all grow on the Hornbeam-leaved twigs ; it is
now too late to search for the barren catkins, but I
shall search for them next spring, Loudon writes in
high terms of the quality of the wood. I do not see
the tree named in any nurseryman's list, but I ob-
serve that Loudon mentions that young plants had been
raised, in his time, in France, from seed sent by the
French Consul at Tiflis. Geo, E. Frsre. [There is a
fine tree at Kew, and another we believe at Sion. Ed.]

EDGE HALL.

{Concluded /roin ^, 334.)
In the herbaceous borders Codonopsis ovata was
new to me, and I am glad that I know now what it is
like. The worst part of it is that you have to look
into this flower before its markings are visible. They
are certainly very much to be admired, and in a way
they reminded me of those of Calochortus, but I think
they are not quite so refined and the pendulous habit
of the plant detracts from its excellence. Aster
Townshendi was not doing so well this year as I have
seen it before, but Meconopsis Wallichi was making up
for any deficiency on the part of others ; it was
grand in the extreme, its tender blue colour quite
stands by itself and its eye of gold sets it oft' wonder-
fully. In Mr. Dod's garden I came across what is to
me the saddest sight in the year — I refer to an
apparition of the first single Dahlia in bloom.
Paragon had opened for the year 1884 ! That means
that all spring and even some summer flowers were
over. All the Irises, all the Primulas, the Scillas,
the Leucojums, nearly all the Anemones and some
Roses, &c., have had their day. Anemone rivularis
was the solitary exception to all this which I saw.
The reign of Composites had begun! There is no
accounting for taste, but I never can see how the
attractions of autumn can be compared with those of
the spring. In the latter case everything appeals
to you individually, and form and delicacy of
colour lend grace to the tiniest subjects. In the
former case it is quite true that there is in a way an
individual appeal — at any rate it is so in a garden
like Mr. Wolley Dod's ; but this comes off best
by far when both size and breadth are undoubted.
Large plants, large borders, seem to comport
with the autumn, and the grand colours that lake
with one then should never be poured out in drib-
lets. This is one reason why the gardens at Edge
Hall are unrivalled in August and September. Such
a plant as Helenium purailum seems to say to every
passer-by, " You never could tell at all what I am
like until you came here." The relation of a hay-
stack to a hillock expresses the relation between Mr.
Wolley Dod's plant and anything I had seen before
of the same sort ; but this means if you think of all
the Echinaceas, and all the Grindelias, and all the
Rudbeckias, and all the Asters, and all the single
Dahlias, and all their innumerable allies which are
spread over this garden, a vision of glory which could
not easily be surpassed. Mr. Dod's Composites
seem to be put in composition themselves, and
they are a hundred times better for it. There
is only one thing about which, with trembling
pen, I am so bold as to say a word, I refer to Mr.
Dod's system of labelling. It no doubt answers his
purpose well enough, for he carries the names
of his plants so accurately in his head that for
him they do not want labels at all ; but it
would puzzle any one else who might take office
under him, and certainly posterity will never be
much better for his correct nomenclature if he
leaves things as they are. It would surprise me to
see Mr. Wolley Dod win the prize at a label show,
and I believe so entirely in whatever names he makes
out for and affixes to his plants that I feel they ought
never to be lost. All that Edge Hall wants is a few
glass-houses for bulbs, and then there would be little
left to be desired. I must not however omit to mention
his Lily-house, which is a decided success. Mr. Wolley
Dod has hit on this notion and has worked upon it
uccessfully, and Lillium llansoni, L. Humboldtii,
L. Washingtonianum, L. Parryi, and L. neilgherricum,
were finely responding to his desires, L, Parryi was

new to me, and the clear yellow of the flower — very
much after the colour of Erythronium americanum —
was a set-off for the others, and very pleasing indeed.
Suffice it to say that Mr. Wolley Dod's frames and
seed-pans and back places for raising plants are very
much after the fashion of those at the York nursery.
Nothing is done at Edge Hall by halves, and if any
one wanted to know the scale on which Mr. Dod
proposes to work I should recommend him to go
behind the garden into the field which adjoins it.
A firm for making patent manures or for dealing
with garden necessaries would seem to have set up
an establishment there, all the mysteries of gardening
are understood to the depths — every ingredient which
can command success ia it is stored up in large
quantities. I am sure that Mr. Wolley Dod will beat
the weather, and will do without ozone, and will get on
without the sun, and will stand the rain, however
much of it he may have in Cheshire. I do think these
are great drawbacks to his position from a gardener's
point of view, but his skill and energy will overcome
them all. A Wanderer.

fHE pf^OPAQATOR.

Osmanthtis Aqtiifolius varies^atus, — The best wood
for propagating this plant is that of the medium-sized
growths, it should be quite hard and well finished up.
Make into cuttings 3 inches long, dibble into the soil
to the depth of I inch, and water them.

Pasiiflora carnka. — From this plant choose some
ripe pieces, cutting them off at a joint, and each
piece to have two leaves attached. Place in the
frame, and press each cutting firmly into the soil.

Rubus laciniatus, R. leiuodermis, R. ros,z/o!ius,
R. coronarius. — These plants can be propagated most
freely from the roots. Some pans should first be
prepared ; they should be filled with sandy loam after
being well mixed and sifted through a J-inch sieve.
Press the soil into the pans and a J-inch layer of river
sand on the top of the soil and water each pan so as
to solidify the soil. Procure some strong roots, and
after having cut them into 2-inch lengths dibble them
into the pans prepared ; the top of each piece of root
should be level with the surface of the soil. The
holes made by dibbling can be filled up with dry sand.
When tbey have been well watered, place in a cold
frame or on the platform of a cold-house, but care
should be taken never to allow them to become dry.
As soon as the growth they have started reaches the
length of 2 inches each piece must be potted in a
separate pot. They must then be kept well watered
and given plenty of air until they are well rooted. At
that time they can be potted into larger pots, but
they must be replaced in the frame and kept watered
until they are strong enough to stand outside.

Schizophragi7ta hydrangeoides. — .Strong pieces of
this'plant, 6 inches long, with two sets of leaves and a
bottom joint, are suitable for cuttings. Dibble
3 inches deep into the soil, and press in each cutting
firmly.

Many of these plants enumerated are of great
service when grown in pots for conservatory and
indoor decoration, the Eulalias, Euryas, and Gyne-
riums being particularly serviceable for those purposes.
All the others are of sufficient importance to render it
very desirable to increase the stock of them. T. WB.

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS FOR
BEDDING.

Tuberous Begonias have been special favourites
of mine since their introduction, and I lake some little
credit, in my own way, in having recommended their
cultivation to my garden fiiends in Ireland and else-
where. It is wonderful how their culture indoor and out
spreads in all direclions. I doubt if there were a dozen
in any garden or greenhouse in this country half a dozen
years ago. At all events, in returning from Paris wilh
some friends interested in horticulture, in 1S7S, and
going through Messrs. Veitch's establishment wilh
Messrs. Dominy and Taylor, we were shown the first
white one that Mr. Seden was testing outdoors, to try
its adaptability to cool treatment. Now in numerous
private unpretentious gardens I meet in my rambles a
dozen or more beds, wilh as many varieties. But I may
remark in passing, though the varieties ottered by
Messrs. Cannell, Laing and others in England, and
Messrs. Saunders, Dickson, &c., in Ireland, can be
counted by the hundred, the number suitable for bed-
ding is only a fraction of the total. What I mean by

suitable is this :— I. To have bright, showy colours.
This would exclude whiles, yellows, light roses,
lemon, buff, and salmon and intermediate shades.
These colours are never popular for outdoor bedding,
and that is what I have now under consideration. 2.
They must be floriferous. If a variety is a shy bearer,
or relatively tender, it will never make lis way in the
flower ground beside others that give a blaze of brilli-
ancy continuously for months. This is why in my
visits to gardens where tuberous Begonias are bedded
out largely I find such varieties as B. Sedeni and B.
Florian among Pinks, B. Lelia and B. Oriflamme
among crimsons, B. Vesuvius and B. Paul Masurel
among scarlets, and B. Fournierii, B. Monarch, 6l:c.,
among reds, generally preferred to much larger and
newer varieties that are not so free bloomers. I must
not, however, be understood as saying that there are
any Begonias, single or double, that would not live
outdoors during July, August, and September. I
know at least two amateurs who grow during
those months the very best varieties satisfactorily,
including doubles, outdoors. But for general pur-
poses the warm bright showy colours named, and
the varieties that are the most profuse and continuous
bloomers, will always get a preference. From this
point of view I would ask you to suggest that the next
issue of nurserymen's Begonia lists contain a separate
list of those suitable for bedding out. One note I
made, and that I would draw gardeners' attention to,
is excessive division of the tubers. In the flower-bed
one stalk cannot be so elTeclive as half a dozen or
more from one tuber, and if the bed does not look a
mass of bloom so as almost to hide the foliage, half
the effect is lost. Most gardens were particularly
suitable for them this year, but you will permit me to
return to the subject. IV. f. Murphy, ChnmeU

The brightness and beauty of the summer garden
are now rapidly passing away, so that, notwith-
standing the fine weather we have had lately, the
majority of the flowering plants present a decidedly
faded appearance, even the fine-foliaged and sub-
tropical plants, which are the last to show signs
of decreasing temperature, are checked in their
upward growih, and now appear to expand their
sap in the full development of those leaves already
formed. To prolong and heighten the few remaining
and fast fleeling charms of the garden to their fullest
extent, extreme neatness and trimness should be
stricly observed, not only in the treatment of the beds,
but also in the keeping of the walks, verges, edgings,
and everything else in connection with the garden
which can possibly improve the general eft'ect. This
natural decay and disappearance of eveiylhing asso-
ciated wilh summer, will forcibly suggest the
necessity of again duly providing the requisite
material for the decoration of the garden during the
seasons, which so quickly follow each other. For the
comparatively dull seasons of autumn and winter
there is nothing so suitable, so bright, and at the
same time so convenient, effective, and economical as
a collection of carefully selected hardy late autumn
flowering herbaceous plants and shrubs in pots, which
can be with the greatest facility plunged in the beds as
the summer plan Is are re moved. By this means all decay-
ing objects may be cleared off before they become
objectionable, and the garden immediately assumes a
varied and cheerful aspect, contrasting most favourably
with the appearance of such as are left unchanged till
autumn frosts have made Ihem painful to look on.
Amongst the most suitable herbaceous plants for this
purpose I would mention the following :— Asters,
Amellus, Amellus roseus, Chapmanni, l;i;vis, Nov.-v-
Anglix, salsuginosus, grandiflorus, bessarabicus, and
longifolius var. formosus, and turbinellus ; \'cronica
Andersoni, V. Traversii, \, longifolia, V. sihirica
alba, and \ . s. a. vaiiegata ; Tiitoma uvaria grandis,
Solidago bicolor, l.x.'vigata, and rigida ; .Senccio
pulcher, Sedum spectabile piirpurcum, llelleborus
niger and II. variegata ; Funkia lanccolata and F.
alba ; Crocus sativus, Colchicum aulumnalis, and C,
alba ; Chrysanthemum maximus, Amaryllis bella-
donna. With these m.ay be associated various hardy
ornamental grasses, B.rmboos, and other suitable
plants of graceful habit of growth, as, for example,

Septemher 20, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

367

such as Arundo conspicua, donax, and A. c. varie-
gata ; Bambusa aurea, B. gracilis nigra, B. Fortune!,
and B. variegata ; Dactylis glomerata and D. elegan-
tissima, Eulalia japonica, Uynetium pumilum and
variegatum, Thormium tenax and P. variegata, Cha-
m.-erops Fortunei. To this list may be added the
best hardy kinds of shrubs, such as Andromeda
floribunda, Aucuba japonica ftemina, vera nana and
limbata ; Erica herbacea carnea, mediterranea rubra
and alba ; Cotoneaster microphylla, Arbutus Unedo,
Sweet Bay, Buxus nana variegata. Daphne laureola
and pontica, Elpeagnus reflexa, Eucalyptus globosus,
Kuonymus japonica, E. argentea variegata, E. aurea
and E. radicans albamarginata; Ilex, silver and gold-
leaved ; Hedera tricolor variegata and argentea ; the
Myrtle-leaved Laurel, X'iburnum Laurustinusalba, and
V.tinus; Mahonia japonica, Yucca gloriosa, V, recurva,
and V. filamentosa ; Andromeda calyculata major,
Kalmia angustifolia and K. myrtifolia ; Rhododen-
drons of sorts, such as R. dauricum, R. fragrans, K.
hirsulum, R. lepidotum, K. multiflorum, and R.
prcecox ; Althoea frutex alba, A. ardens, and A. ele-
gaotissima ; Amygdalus communis and A. sinensis ;
Cydonia japonica, Cornus mascula variegata ele-
gantissima, Forsythia Fortunei, Magnolia conspicua
and M. Norbertiana ; Daphne Mezereum alba and
M. rubra ; Persica dianthxBora, flore-pleno and alba.
From these lists may be selected plants sufficiently
varied in character for use in the largest garden, and
such as will prove effective through the autumn,
winter, and early spring seasons. For a small garden,
however, it would be much better to use a more
limited number of species, as the object should be
rather to use a few good kinds than to introduce loo
much variety in a small space. It is also very essen-
tia! that the plants should be selected so as to be
suitable to the size and shape of the beds. In addi*
tion to the plants already enumerated a few of the
more dwarf and graceful kinds of Coniferre may
be advantageously used if judiciously interspersed
amongst the other plants. The most suitable
are Biota orientalis aurea and B. elegantissima, Cryp-
tomeria japonica and C. viridis ; Cupressus Law-
soniana, C. L, argentea, C. L. erecta, C. L, glauca,
C. L. gracilis, and C. L. minima ; Juniperus chinen-
sis aurea, and J. sinensis, J. variegata, J. excelsa,
T. stricta, and J. glauca. Relinospora ericoides,
R. filifera, R. gracilis, and R. plumosa ; Thuia
gigantea, T. compacta, T. ericoides ; Thuiopsis bore-
aiis, and T. dolabrata. For planting small, and
the margins of larger beds a few carefully selected
free-flowering spring plants may be used, such as
Violas, Primroses, Polyanthus, Pansies, Aubrielia,
Daisies, Hepaticas, Arabis, Wallflowers, Violets,
and Myosotis. Groups of early flowering bulbs may
be associated with these plants as also introduced in
suitable positions between the larger plants and shrubs.
They should consist of Aconites, Snowdrops, Crocus,
Narcissus, Tulips, Crown Imperials, Hyacinths, and
Turban Ranunculus. The effect when thus planted
will be more varied and much more pleasing than the
usual method of massing large quantities of bulbs
alone, or in combination with the ordinary spring
plants only ; which, at best, give but a blaze of
colour for a short time and at great cost, whereas
when grouped amongst flowering plants and other
shrubs, as here described, the usual flat and
monotonous surface is broken into irregular and
graceful outlines, while the bright and varied
tints of the Coniferce and other fine-foliaged shrubs
give an additional charm by contrast with the flowers
associated with them. The effect of these shrubs is
pleasing even at mid-winter, when the smaller plants
are frequently hidden by snow or considerably
damaged by storms of wind and rain. When once
purchased and potted in suitable compost they last
for many years, with little trouble and expense, by
simply plunging them in an open position in the
reserve garden during the summer months, where
Ihey simply require to be occasionally watered and
pruned into shape, and where they are ever ready
when required for the purpose mentioned. By a
more liberal use of such plants in the flower garden
the great annual expense incurred in the purchase of
new bulbs may be partially avoided, and an ever-
changing, ever-pleasing effect be produced with a
comparatively small amount of labour and cost.
r. S. C.

Acer Negundo variegatum, and other
Shrubs. — To all lovers of gardening I would beg
leave to mention that one of the most charming of
beds, to my mind, caa be made by planting the fol-

lowing beautiful flowering and foliage plants, namely,
Acer Negundo variegatum, Lobelia cardinalis. Hydran-
gea paniculata grandiflora— these three to be mixed
together ; and for an edging to the bed use the lovely
Ceanothus azureus. The latter plantis not grown as it
ought to be : if grown in pots and plunged in a bed of
this description, it will flower all the summer, and once
seen in company with the above will not be forgotten.
To all who like something besides the usual run of
bedding I would recommend the above as worth a
trial ; and should any one doubt the flowering qualities
of Hydrangea paniculata and Ceanothus azureus I
would advise them to have a peep at Messrs. Veitch's
Coombe Wood nursery, for, like many other good
things to be seen there, these two were grown well
and in quantity, and when I saw them they were
covered with flowers. IK. C, /.

|m |a>i«l« |iiuit |artl.in.

Those who possess such kinds of Pears as Matie
Louise, Beurrt- d'Amanlis, Louise Bonne of Jersey,
Doyenne Eoussoch, and Seckel, will require lo gather
them, choosing the afterpart of the day, when they
will be quite dry. Gather them carefully, and stand
the baskets on a hand-barrow, when they can be
carried carefully to the fruit-room. There are many
kinds which will require, some another fortnight, and
others a month, before they are gathered, but it is one
of those things in which only practice makes perfect.
That fine winter Pear, Knight's Monarch, as usual, is
shedding its fruit, so that there is no help for it but to
get them in, choosing a cool dark part to store them
away in, for it should not ripen for another two or
three months yet. The unusually hot summer has
hastened the period of many of our Apples, and many
of the autumn kinds must be got in, especially large
kinds on lofty trees, which a heavy gale would bring
down, and spoil a great portion of the crop ; but let
nothing tempt one to get the winter and spring kinds
for another month yet, otherwise they will shrivel
and lose half their value. Singularly enough, that
sweetest of all Apples, the Gravenstein, is a fine crop
here this year on the Paradise stock. Once more we
would urge upon gardeners the necessity of regularly
picking up windfalls ; nothing can well be more un-
pleasant for an employer than lo go through the
orchard and see quantities of rosy fruit lying in the
dirt.

The nights are getting cold, so any Figs which
seem backward in ripening may be gathered and put
in a basket over the hot-water pipes in the late
vinery ; there they will finish up tolerably. Mul-
berries are a good crop in most localities, and any
late fruit makes an excellent tart, and is a special
favourite of some.

Nuts are sooner ripe than usual, therefore must be
got in. Some place them in glazed jars, with a
sprinkling of salt, with an air-tight lid, where they
keep quite fresh till the spring ; but we would repeat
it again, the great mistake with most winter fruits is
keeping them at too high a temperature during winter.

Let nothing in the shape of a hot-water pipe or
stove be ever found in a fruit-room ; oftentimes one
finds during the winter or spring months windfalls
which have lain all winter in the open orchard, with
perhaps only some long grass or leaves to protect
them, quite fresh, while those in the fruit-room of the
same kind are all past and gone, and one has not far
to seek for the cause.

Nets which have done duty in protecting our fruit
crops against birds, may now, if not already done, be
all carefully labelled and put away in a dry place for
another year.

Continue to gather Plums as they ripen ; but late
kinds, such as Grand Duke and Wydale, will be
better next month ; and the same applies to Golden
Drop and Imperatrice among dessert kinds on north
walls : they will be most excellent next month. The
Farleigh or Crittenden Damson is a splendid crop
here— indeed, it always bears — and the Shepherd's
BuUace is a valuable late kind, and is sweeter and
better after frost.

As we pointed out in a previous Calendar, the
leaves should be turned aside or picked off, to allow
the late Peaches to have the autumn sun to colour
them. Walburton Admirable, Late Admirable, and
Thames Bank are now getting ripe ; the last named
kind never fails to bear, and ripens in the latter part
of September.

As wasps are very numerous, continue to take
nests, and to entrap them by a variety of contrivances.
7. Rust, Eridge Castle, Sussex.

Cauliflowers.— Prick out the first batch of these
under hand-glasses, placed in rowT 2 feet apait, so
that there is room between the glasses in the row for
the top of each glass to be placed when taken off ; for
this purpose four bricks should be placed in position
for the covers to rest upon. Previous to putting out
the plants a surface-dressing of wood-ashes should be
put on to prevent the attacks of insects. We put
from six to nine plants into each hand-light, the latter
being of two sizes, 18 inches and 22 inches square
respectively, and we shall thin out the plants to three
and five in L>bruary and March ne\t, lifting them
carefully with all the adhering soil, which are then
transplanted into a suitable situation. In order to
maintain a sturdy growth the top lights must be left
oft', and only be replaced on the approach nf frost or
during heavy rains. The plants in glasses which 1
am now referring to will occupy a piece of ground
adjoining the recently planted Cabbages, and which
has been deeply trenched and liberally manured. The
plants thus treated, together with a few hundred
plants wintered in 3-inch pots, will supply our earliest
Cauliflowers in May next, and to which these plants
raised from seed at the same time as those in glasses,
and subsequently pricked out in a cold pit or frame
5 or 6 inches apart every way, and transplanted a
week or two later than those in pots, will make a
capital succession. These plants, like those in the
hand-glasses, should have the sashes and shutters
left entirely off in the absence of frost, heavy
rains, or snow, the object to be attained in
each case being identical — a sturdy growth. Failing
the above accommodation, a sufficient number of plants
may be wintered in an improvised frame fixed in a
warm corner and protected during frosty nights with
hurdles to which mats have been fixed, the whole to
be covered with dry Fern in the event of severe frost.

Lettuce. — This is another important crop, and
one that requires some care in winterirrg it. The
plants raised from seeds sown at the same time as the
Cauliflower, will now be ready for pricking out in pil=,
frames, and waim borders. These inay be grown in
the same way and under the same conditions as those
recommended for Cauliflower plants in glasses, but a
greater number of plants may be put under a light or
in pits, &c. Those for early spring use are wintered
in glazed pits, and planted in rows about 6 inches
apart in light soil, and which should be within about
9 inches of the glass. In addition to these there are
wintered a great number of plants in a shallow frame
with wooden shutters and Fern as a means of pro-
tection from frost when necessary ; and also on a
warm dry border, at 6 inches between the rows, and
3 inches in the rows, we make our last planting,
covered lightly on the approach of frost with Fern,
which in the event of severe weather is increased, and
again removed and replaced as may be found neces-
sary. Before pricking out the young Lettuce plants
and finally transplanting them, it is a good plan to
surface-dress the ground with fresh soot, which
should be raked in slightly. This I find, from several
years' experience or its use, serves not ony as a safe-
guard against the attacks of insects, but also as a
fertiliser of the soil.

Ordinary Work. — Advantage should be taken of
fine days to ply the Dutch hoe freely, 10 destroying
small weeds, and for the purpose of aerating the soil
between the rows of Onions, Lettuce, Spinach,
Endive, and other crops, which will accelerate
growth in the plants. Any blanks that may happen
to be in rows of autumn-sown Onions should be
made good with young plants thinned out of the same
rows, and these should not be buried deeper in the
soil than they were before. Thin out plants of
Lamb's Lettuce to about 4 inches in the row, and, if
necessary, extend the crop by transplanting some of the
thinnings. The recent fine weather will have allowed
of the earthing-up of Celery, and late plantings of
Eroccolis, Savoys, and Leeks lo be made.

French Beans, and Scarlet Runners.— Good
gatherings of these should be made before they get
nipped with the frost, and be spread out on a shelf in
a cool room. In this way Beans may be had nice
and fresh for three weeks or a month after the plants
have been killed by frost.

Frame Ground. — On the approach of frost it will
be necessary to lift all the full and half-grown Lettuce
plants, and lay them in by the heels at a little dis-
tance apart for present use. Make a sowing of
Wood's Early Frame Raddish forthwith, and as soon
as the plants appear through the soil, ventilate freely,
removing the sashes daily during fine weather from
all hardy crops growing under them. /J, IV. IVurJ,
Lot'sford Castle,

368

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 18

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Sept 32

Tuesday, Sept, 23

Wkdne-SDAV, Sept. 24 ■

Thursday, Sept. 25 •

Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms,
f Sale of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, at

Fischer's Nursery, Clapham, by Protheroe

& Morris.
Royal Horticultural Society's Show for

I-ruit and \'(.«elablcs (two days).
Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms
Clearance Sale o( Planrs, at Haven Green

Nursery, Ealing, by Protheroe & Morris.
Seedling Potato Show at Norihampton

(two days).
Sale of Established Orchids, at Stevens'

Rooms.
Great Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe

& Morris' Rooms.
Sale of the Plants and Lease, fi:c , at The

Swiss Nurserj', Brixton, by Protheroe &

Morris.

ted Orchids, at Protheroe &

F«,D.V. Sept»6{Sale__of^.n^por.

I Sale ol Bulbs, at Stevens' Rootns.
Saturuav, Sept 27 { Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
\ Rooms

THE death of George Bentham constitutes
in some measure the close of one era in
botanical history, so far as this country is con-
cerned. Hitherto the greatest reputations have
been made in the department of systematic
botany, and we have had in former years fre-
quent occasions of expressing our regret that
the physiological side was unduly neglected.
Now-a-days the tendency is in the opposite
direction, and we cannot but think that the
completion of the Genera Platitarujii and the
death of George Bentham, the associate of
Brown, Sir William Hooker, Lindley, and
others who are gone, will accentuate that ten-
dency. Whether this is for good or ill is a
point we do not care to discuss now ; our
present business is to lay before our readers in
faint outline some account of the career of one
of our greatest scientific worthies- one to
whom horticulture is under great obligations,
but of whom none but a few students have had
the opportunity of knowing much.

George Bentham, the son of General Sir
Samuel Bentham, was born on September 22,
lSoo,at Plymouth, his father beingthen Inspector
of all the Royal Dockyards. From his uncle,
the famous jurist, Jeremy Bentham, the future
botanist probably derived much of that logical
precision and method which characterised him
in later years. While still a boy he passed
some time at St. Petersburg, where he acquired
a knowledge of the Russian language. From
1814 to 1826, or thereabout, Bentham lived
with his family in the neighbourhood of Mont-
pellier, and there he began his botanical career
by a practical examination of the wild plants of
Angouleme and Montauban, quickly followed
by further researches into the flora of the
Pyrenees. His first work, a Catalogue of
Plants Indigenous to the Pyrenees and Bas
Languedoc,fi2& published in French in 1826, and
was the outcome of excursions made either by
himself, or in company with Walker-Arnott,
Requien, and Audibert. In the preface
to this volume we already find indications
of the mental tendencies by which he was
guided in after-life. Special stress was laid
on the verification of the original type-
specimens, upon which authors have founded
their descriptions— a point not at that time
judged to be of such exceeding importance
as now. Still more characteristic is his depre-
cation of the " extreme multiplication of badly
defined species" — a fact which led him to
describe afresh the French species of Cerastium,
Orobanche, and Helianthemum, and which later
on elicited many protests against the loose way
in which garden plants are named and described.

" If I have ventured to differ from that learned
botanist (DunA'L), as to the number of species
(of Helianthemum), it is," says Bentham. "be-
cause I have observed on living specimens that
the characters upon which they have been estab-
lished are very variable and too intricate not to
introduce yet greater confusion into this diffi-
cult genus." We have here an acknowledgment
of the importance of studying living specimens
and of the great variability of species. With

reference to these variations Bentham insists
on the impropriety of giving separate names to
accidental or minor variations. No name should
be given to a variety unless it is the outcome of
a permanent change in numerous individual
plants, but of which a regular series of inter-
mediate forms demonstrate the connection with
the primitive species.

Returning to England in 1S26 Bentham at
first turned his attention to the law, but speedily
devoted himself exclusively to botany. He
attached himself to the Horticultural Society in
the days when that society did excellent service
by despatching collectors to various countries,
and, together with Lindley, undertook the
determination of the many species introduced
by Douglas, Hartweg, and others. Thus
commenced that friendship with Lindley,
whose uninterrupted progress was so congenial
to the men, and so productive of good results
to botany. Bentham was Secretary to the
Horticultural Society from 1829 to 1840, his
predecessor having been Mr. Sabine, and during
his secretariat it was that the Chiswick fetes,
which were afterwards to be so famous, were
first instituted. In his report to the Council
and Fellows in 1S34 Bentham tells us how,
with a view of bringing the Fellows together,
and of interesting them in the practical work
of the Society and its associated gardeners, an
annual dinner was established, and after that
fetes or public breakfasts were held. These not
proving whoUysatisfactory it was resolved to have
three special exhibitions in Regent Street, where
the Society then and for long afterwards had
offices. The first of these exhibitions was held
on April 3, 1832, and was devoted principally to
Camellias ; the next, on June 5, to Azaleas
and Rhododendrons ; the third, on July 3, to
Roses. At these exhibitions medals were given,
amongst others, to Messrs. Chandler, Loddi-
GEs, George Smith, Waterer, John Lee,
and other well-known names, some extinct,
horticulturally speaking, others still with us.
The rooms in Regent Street being found too
small and crowded, an exhibition was held for
the first time in the Society's garden at Chis-
wick in 1833. For this purpose, a tent sup-
ported by iron pillars, and 150 by 100 feet in
area, was purchased, covering a central circular
and side stages. At this, the first of the Chis-
wick/?/«, 1700 people were present. Bentham
goes on to describe how the shows were
repeated, and gives official details concerning
them which we need not repeat here. How-
ever personally interesting this connection of
Bentham with the Chiswick fetes may be-
an association which, we suspect, will occasion
some surprise — yet it is more important
to note that during his tenure of office
he described many of the introductions of
Douglas, his descriptions being accompanied
in some instances by coloured plates, which
put to utter shame those that pass cur-
rent in our own times. It is curious to see
among such plants the Eschscholtzia, the Lim-
nanthes, Calochortus, Clarkia, and other now
common garden plants, which few remember
were introduced by Douglas, while still fewer
remember or care to remember that they were
botanically registered by Bentham, to whom,
by the way, we owe the description at this
period of Salvia patens. Fortunately his fame
does not depend upon such things. The first
part of the enumeration of the plants collected
by Hartweg on behalf of the Society was pub-
lished in 1839, and with this, so far as we are
aware, his connection, as an author, with the
Horticultural Society ceased.

From that time till a year or two ago Ben-
tham was constantly at work elaborating
monographs of genera and orders, or preparing
Floras of various countries. The amount of
work he achieved is enormous, and could
not have been done but by such steady, un-
wearied perseverance as Bentham exhibited.

As these works embrace numerous monographs
of such orders as Labiatfe, Scrophulariacea:,
Leguminos.ne, and others (including a large pro-
portion of those included in De CandOLLE'S
Prodromus), and more or less complete Floras
of Mexico, Guiana, Brazil, Fiji, Hong Kong,
Australia, to say nothing of the Genera Planta-
rum, to which we shall hereafter advert, it is
clear that Bentham's services to horticulture
are both wide and deep.

To enable him to prosecute his researches
Bentham gradually accumulated a vast her-
barium and library, which in 1854 he made over
to the nation, with the sole conditions that
they should be accessible to the public, and
that he himself should have facilities for
carrying on his labours. These, incorporated
with the corresponding collections of his inti-
mate friend and associate; SirWiLLi AM HOOKER,
now form the basis of the unrivalled collections
at Kew. Here, day after day, with the regularity of
a bank-clerk, Bentham laboured assiduously at
his monographs, allowing himself little, if any,
relaxation beyond the annual holiday (usually
spent on the Continent, and largely taken up by
visits to and study in botanical establishments,
and in former years by botanical explorations in
various parts of Europe).

Bentham was a frequent contributor to Sir
William Hooker's numerous botanical works
and periodicals, and when that botanist con-
ceived the project of publishing a series of
Colonial Floras he found a most valuable
coadjutor in Bentham. To him was entrusted
the preparation of the Flora of Hong Kong,
a model of its kind, and which was succeeded
in due time by the Flora Australiensis, in
seven volumes, itself a marvellous production
for one man to accomplish. In this work
Bentham had the co-operation of Baron
VON Mueller, of Melbourne, who trans-
mitted. Order by Order, his collections for
Bentham's examination, as well as his numer-
ous notes.

These numerous monographs of Genera and
orders, and these investigations into the flora of
the greater part of the globe, gave to Bentham
a larger and more detailed knowledge of flower-
ing plants than has probably been possessed by
any other botanist whatever.

His friendship with the Hookers, Wallich,
Lindley, Asa Gray, and with all the principal
botanists of Europe, his daily association and
frequent consultations with Professor Oliver
and the officers of the Herbarium, his powers as
a linguist, all contributed to make him a speci-
ally fit person to undertake a Genera Plantantm.
From such a work profit in the ordinary sense
was not to be expected ; in its preparation an
infinitude of labour and patience were impera-
tively demanded. Bentham was not dis-
mayed. At an age when most persons would
be thinking of lightening their labour Bentham,
in conjunction with Sir Joseph Hooker,
undertook the preparation of the Genera Plan-
tarum.

The publication of this work was begun in
1S62, and terminated in April, 1S83. In a
recent volume of the Journal of the Linnean
Society, Bentham tells us what share was taken
by each author respectively, from which it
appears that being untrammelled by official
duties, the larger share of the work fell to the
elder botanist. There is something very touch-
ing in the way in which Bentham, recognising
the way in which his fellow-labourer's time was
occupied by official and public duties, himself
undertook some of the most laborious portions
of the book, so as to lighten his coadjutor's
labours, and relieve him of anxiety as to the
progress of their joint labours so far as possible.

This invaluable book is the outcome of the
personal investigation of the authors. They
were not content to condense other people's
descriptions, but they examined .and compared
for themselves every genus of which there were

September 20, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

369

Fig, 67.— hydrangea qoercifolia. (see p. 370.)

370

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

specimens in the Herbarium, collating the
descriptions pubhshed by others, adjusting the
synonymy, furnishing adequate references to
the literature, and thus forming a work which
cannot be surpassed, and is not hliely to be
even imitated. During the course of its publi-
cation Bentham publishednumerousexhaustive
memoirs and commentaries in the Journal oj
the Linnean Society, in which he discussed at
greater length than the plan of the Genera
allowed, the structure, affinities, and geogra-
phical distribution of many of the Orders, and
which are masterpieces of insight and logical
method. Thus, day after daj', for more than
twenty years, the great book grew, nothing
having the power to stop, though much to delay
its progress. A story told of Bentham during
this period, and the substantial correctness of
which we can affirm, is eminently characteristic
of the man.

Late on one afternoon, at the end ot a week,
when most of the officials were thinking of con-
cluding their labours for the day, Bentham
came to the end of his revision of the Orchids
— a task that had occupied him for many con-
secutive months. Without taking pause, as most
people would havedoneaftertheaccomplishment
of such a task, Bentham simply summoned
an attendant, and requested that the Grami-
ne<e — the grasses — might be brought to him,
and then and there he entered upon another
task before whose magnitude and intricacy most
men would recoil.

Bentha.m was a man of shy and retiring
habits, who rather shunned than sought notoriety
and repute. The honours due to him came late
in life, and had to be pressed on him rather
than conferred. It was only comparatively
of recent years that he became a Fellow of the
Royal Society, though, had he wished it, its
portals would certainly have long before been
opened to him. From the Society he received
one of the greatest honours in their power to
confer— the award of a Royal Medal. He was
also a Member of the Institute of France, and
associated in some form or another with most
of the scientific societies of the world. In 1 86 1 he
accepted the Presidency of the Linnean Society
in succession to Prof. Bell, and for the thirteen
years during which he presided over the
destinies of the Society he devoted himself with
characteristic thoroughness to its work. No
detail was too minute for his consideration — he
did the work not only of President, but largely
shared in the labours of the Librarian, Secre-
tary, Treasurer, and especially of the Editor.
Not only his time but his purse were at
the disposal of the Society, and his only
thought appeared to be how best to secure
its prosperity and usefulness. In this posi-
tion Bentham showed not only his power of
persistent work — that was known before — but
his business tact, which was less well known,
and especially his philosophic mind. This
latter attribute was probably well known to his
intimate friends, but it came as a surprise to
those who had looked on him as merely a sys-
tematic botanist — a very eminent one, but still a
systematist, as it was thought, pure and simple.
The series of anniversary addresses in which
prevalent theories relating to the life-history of
organised beings, to hybridism, dimorphism,
geographical and geological distribution, were
discussed, and those devoted to summaries of
the progress of biological science afforded
evidence of philosophic insight, shrewd per-
ception, and cautious generalisation. His
utterances were of the highest value at
the time when the scientific world was
keenly interested in Darwinian theories, and
the world outside adopted a tone half-con-
temptuous, half alarmist. At such a period the
utterances of a man so specially well qualified
to give an opinion, from his life-long studies of
the very point at issue — that of the limits of

variation — became of immense importance, the
more so from his unimpassioned temperament.
What bias he possessed might have been ex-
pected to have been manifested — and manifested
strongly, too— in favour of the old view of the
immutability of species. His diagnostic characters
in his various works are so sharp and concise,
that considered by themselves they might be
regarded as indicating the existence of fixed
limitations to the species thus so clearly marked
out. But this would be a mistaken view. It is
only necessary to read his accompanying com-
ments, to observe the plan adopted in his ad-
mirable Handbook to the British Flora and
the Colonial Floras, to see that he always
recognised the arbitrary nature of the limita-
tions which circumstances compelled him to
draw. An illustration of it is afforded even in
the preface to his Catalogue of the Pyrenean
Flora, to which we alluded at the beginning of
thisnotice. In any case, Bentham, in hisofficial
capacity as President of the Linnean Society,
while strongly deprecating vague discussions on
points of mere speculative opinion, as tending
to foster dissension and to retard rather than
accelerate progress, nevertheless gave the sanc-
tion of his vast experience and reputation to the
Darwinian doctrine of evolution, and by so
doing no doubt influenced many who relied on
his experience and cautious judgment when
they would have shrunk from the aggressive
advocacy of some of the apostles of the new
doctrine.

Of the events which led to his resignation of
the Presidential chair we need say no more
than that the Society then lost the officer who
more than any other was devoted to its best
interests, and that the line of conduct he pur-
sued in the particular emergency was subse-
quently pronounced by Lord Hatherley, to
whom the case was submitted, to have been
the correct one.

With Bentham we fear dies a vast amount
of knowledge of the history of botanists and of
botany during the century, a circumstance to
be infinitely regretted, as British botany during
that period has passed through a really brilliant
phase, and produced men like Robert Brown,
WnLL\M Jackson Hooker, Lindlev, and
others, whose careers illustrate a distinct epoch
in the history of botanj'.

It remains to say a few words as to the man
apart from the botanist and the philosopher. If
this be thought in this place an impertinence —
as, indeed, it would be in most cases — there is
justification for it in the fact that Bentham, as a
man, was little known, save to his intimate
friends. To strangers, and even to those who
had some slight acquaintance with him, there
was an air of reserve about him which bordered
on brusqueness, and might be mistaken to indi-
cate an unsympathetic nature. The truth was
far otherwise ; Bentham was warm-hearted
and full of generous impulses, the kindliest of
critics, the firmest of friends.

Hydrangea quercifolia.— This is an old-
fashioned species, not often met with, but which is
amply deserving more notice. In the first place it is
quite hardy, then it is free-flowering, handsome
when in flower, and the bark peels off in flakes, like
that of the Arbutus or Plane. The flowers are white.
The species is a native of the North-eastern United
States. The specimen from which our illustration (fig.
67) was taken was forwarded by Mr. W. E. GuMRLE-
TON from Cork, but it is hardy enough to with-
stand the winters in the Oxford Botanic Garden, as
well as near London.

International Inventions Exhibition.

— The latest date for sending in applications for space
has been extended from October i to November i,

Breslau Botanic Garden. — Professor

Engler, of Kiel, has been appointed Professor of
Botany, and Director of the Botanic Garden of
Bieslau, in the room of the late Professor GOErrsRT,

" Plant Lore : Legends and Lyrics." —

This work, by Mr. Richard Folkard, Jun., em-
bracing the myths, traditions, superstitions, folk-lore,
symbolism, and language of the plant kingdom, is
announced as ready for publication, by Messrs. Low
&Co.

A Japanese Firm. — The long felt de-
sideratum of a native house in London dealing in
Japanese bulbs and other horticultural commodities,
which are now retailed here at figures often higher
than their real worth, is now about to be realised, so
that the new firm of Messrs. Hayashi & Co. ought
to be welcomed by all gardeners who admire the
many beautiful garden productions of Japan.

Kilimanjaro. — Mr. Johnstone, whose

charming book on the Congo we lately noticed, is
now engaged in an attempt to scale the heights of
Kilimanjaro, a snow-clad mountain in East Tropical
Africa. He had, when last heard of, camped out at
an altitude of 5000 feet, and spoke in most glowing
terms of the vegetation. Very great interest naturally
attaches to the flora of this mountain and its relation
to the vegetation of the Abysinnian mountains. We
may hope in time for many good things for our
gardens from this region.

Bulbs. — Mr, A. D. Webster writes as fol-
lows : — " In the interesting article (p. 299 of your
last issue) we are led to believe that the perfec-
tion of new bulbs is entirely owing to vigorous leaf-
action, and that, deprived of this, both plant and
flower must suffer. This may certainly be the case
with some bulbs, but not all, as I have proved
beyond a doubt that several hardy Orchids when cut
over immediately after flowering come up stronger
the following season than those left untouched. In
the case of many other plants the succeeding growth
is strengthened by depriving the present one of its
flowers. Is not this the case with various Lilies ? "
We may point out that removal of the flowers is one
thing, that of the leaves quite another.

Vine Growing E-vpraordinary. — To the

east of London there is a sewage farm, where a por-
tion of the sewage is from time to time poured upon
some 4 acres of Oiiers. Between the Osiers a large
quantity of seedling Vines systematically make their
appearance, and as large quantities of Raisins and
Currants are strained oft" at the works, it is to be pre-
sumed that the"seedling Vines are the result of the
growth of the seeds which have escaped not only the
filtration, but also the culinary processes, artificial and
natural, to which they have been subjected,

Chiswick Red Tomato.— In the Tomato-
house at Chiswick this variety is now in perfection.
For fruitfulness and beauty there are few, if any,
superior. The dense raceme-like clusters ot oblong
red fruit are very handsome, hanging from the stems
like monster bunches of Grapes. The flavour is good,
but not equal to that of some others,

Seedling Dahlias. — We have received

from Messrs Rawlings Bros., florists, Romford, a
number of seedling Dahlias of considerable merit, in
show, fancy, and pompon [varieties. A fine scarlet,
of great vertical depth, and very well arranged petals,
is seen in Mrs. Douglas. T. J. Saltmarsh, a canary-
yellow, with the centre petals dashed with crimson,
is an equally well formed flower, only the petals are
less numerous. Harry Eckford resembles Chang, in
having crimson flakes and spots on an orange-yellow
ground — a fine globular flower, whose centre is a
trifle loose. Arthur Blick is a small and well-built
crimson, neat and pretty. The sorts Mrs. Carter, a
rosy-purple ; Frederick Wilson, a scarlet, tipped with
white ; Wm. Dodds, an orange-shaded scarlet, but
as seen rather too over-blown to judge of its quality ;
and Charles Turner, a maroon-coloured bloom, were
not poor, although scarcely up to the standard of the
show table. Two pretty pompons were Jessie
McMillar andThoraas Moore — sorts apparently worthy
of perpetuation,

Forest Industries in the United States.

— At a meeting of the British Association at Montreal,
Mr. Albert S. Bickmore read a paper on the
Jessup Collection, to illustrate the forestry of the
United States, in the New York Natural History
Museum. The author, in the course of his paper,
said :— "The great importance of the forest industries
and lumber trade of the United Slates led General
Walker, the Superintendent of our tenth Census, to

September 20, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

371

provide for a corps of competent experts, under the
direction of Professor Charles S. Sargent, who
have made new explorations of our forest lands, and
gathered original data regarding their present extent.
The results of these elaborate researches have been
partially published from time to time in the form of
bulletins, and the completed work will soon appear
in two large quarto volumes of the Census series. To
place this great fund of valuable information before
the artisan and labouring classes in an accessible
form, a great collection of our forestry and its
products was needed, and this Mr. Morris K.
jESSLip generously offered to provide at his own
expense. After the field work planned by the Census
h.ad been finished. Professor Sargent directed his
assistants to return to the forests, and to carefully
select the individually largest and soundest tree of
each species. Professor Sargent is preparing a
manual which will be a guide to the collection, and
contains all the most important information in the
large Census volume that will be useful to the visitors
and to the artisan classes. The museum is most
fortunate in its location in Central Park, where more
of our native and domesticated species are flourishing
than can be seen together at any other place on the
continent. This is the first effort yet made in this
country to gather our woods together into one
collection on a scale commensurate with the extent of
the new continent and the importance of its forests,
and we trust as our people learn more of the utility
and beauty of our trees they will come to appreciate
the necessity of using every possible means to protect
and develope our remaining woodlands for the benefit
of future generations."

Ripening the Wood of Vines.— The

highest object in gardening under glass which many
amateurs aim at, and on which, when successful, they
most pride themselves, is to grow a crop of Grapes.
Neither is this to be wondered at, for beyond the uni-
versally admitted excellence of the fruit of the Vine,
there are associations connected with it attached to
no other edible fruit. Yet how often are the hopes
of each succeeding year only born to perish, as it fre-
quently happens that with ample growth of healthy
leaves and stout shoots, the presence of which lead to
the expectation of Grapes the next season, when the
spring again quickens growth tendrils only appear
where bunches should have been. And this goes on
year after year until the amateur comes to the con-
clusion that his Vines are irrecoverably barren, where-
as the absence, or all but absence, of fruit is owing to
the preceding summer's shoots not having been
matured, or, as gardeners generally put it, the Vines
have no fruit in them through the non-ripening
of the wood. This defect is owing to the in-
sufficient length of our summers, through which,
even with the help of a glass covering. Vines often fail
to mature their wood sufficiently to yield a full crop.
Even in seasons like the present, when we have had
an unusual amount of bright weather accompanied by
tropical heat, the late sunless spring kept growth so
much back that there was not enough length of
sammer left for the wood to ripen, unless where the
precaution has been taken of shutting in solar beat by
systematically closing the house each afternoon whilst
yet the sun was on it sufficiently to raise the tempera-
ture for a time much higher than most amateurs have
an idea of as necessary. Where Vines exist that are
strong enough to bear, and yet fail, and where the
early closing of the house has not been attended to,
a fire should be lit every afternoon through this month
and up to the time when the leaves lose their green
colour, which course will warrant a crop being looked
for next year. It is no use firing after the leaves have
lost their vitality ; whatever condition the wood is in
when they begin to turn yellow, such it will remain
so far as ability or non-ability to beat the coming
season.

The Essex Field Club. — The fifth annual

Cryptogamic meeting cf the Club will be held on
Friday and Saturday, October 3 and 4, in Epping
Forest. It is intended to devote the Friday to the
collection of specimens, and to their examination and
arrangement by the experts, and on the Saturday to
hold an exhibition of fresh and preserved botanical
specimens, microscopical objects, drawings, S:c. The
exhibition will be confined to subjects from the
vegetable kingdom, but not necessarily to the
Cryptogamia, although that division will hold a very
important place. The exhibition will be opened at

4 o'clock on Saturday, October 4, in the 1;

room attached to the " Roebuck Inn," Bu

Hill. Ample time will thus be afforded for its care-

si

large ball-
Buckhurst

:lill. Ample time will thus be afforded lor its care-
ul examination by the visitors present, and all pos-
;ible facilities will be given to exhibitors.

Grapes at the Health Exhibition. —

At the Fruit and Vegetable Show to be held on the
23rd and 24th inst. at South Kensington, in connec-
tion with the International Health Exhibition, the
classes devoted to Grapes are very numerous, em-
bracing as they do more than half the schedule.
\'aluable prizes are ofl'cred for collections, as also for
special varieties, and spirited competition is expected,
which will result no doubt in the greatest display of
Grapes in London this season,

Forestry Exhibition Awards. — We

regret to learn that so much dissatisfaction has
resulted from the awards of the Jurors, more especially
in connection with the exhibits of plants, that the
following nursery firms, namely. Little & Ballan-
tvne. The Lawson Seed & Ni;rserv Co.
(Limited), Ireland & Thomson, John Lamont &
Son, Stuart & Mein, and others, have declined
to accept the medals, &c., allotted to them.

Wood Pulp in America. — The production

of wood pulp for the manufacture of paper in Maine,
United States, America, is said to have made very
rapid progress since iSSo. In that year seven estab-
lishments were at work employing 220 hands, with an
annual product valued at 306,490 dollars. The
business has quadrupled since that time, and is still
growing rapidly with frequent inventions of new ma-
chinery and new methods for reducing the wood
fibre to pulp. The wood used is Spruce and silver-
leaved Poplar, which grow in great abundance in the
State of Maine. The pasteboard quality of paper
manfactured is extensively used in the production of
numerous articles for household and ornamental pur-
poses ; it is very soft, and is easily moulded into any
shape required : 20 to 30 tons a day are turned out
from the mills. The finer sorts of paper are also
manufactured from this pulp after it has undergone a
chemical process.

Ghent Horticultural. — The monthly

meeting {September 8) for the adjudging of horticul-
tural products, appointed by the Syndical Chamber of
Belgian nurserymen, and the Royal Horticultural and
Botanical Society in Ghent, took place at the Casino.
The jury consisted of Messrs. Peeters, from Brussels,
C. Spae, Fr. Desbois, Rosseel, A. van Geert, and L.
de Smet, from Ghent. Mr. Peeters, from Brussels,
presided ; Mr. C. Spae performed the duties of secre-
tary. The following awards were made ; —
Certificates.

To Messrs. Blanckaert & Vermeire, from Genlbrugge,
for their meritorious lot of single-flowered tuberous
Begonias.

To Mr. .Aug. van Geert, Mont St. Amand, for his
Leea amabilis var. splendens.

To Mr. E. Vervaet De Vos, Zwynaerde, for a white
flowered Cattleya.

To Mr. Ed. Andre, Paris, for a spotted-leaved
Philodendron.

Cultural Certificates.

To the Continental Horticultural Company, for Vanda
Lowei var. Reichenheimi.

Honourable Mentions.

To Mr. F. J. Spae, Ghent, for his Aspidistra elatior
fol. var., exhibited in fruit.

To Mr. Ad. D. Haene, Ghent, for his Pinangua
maculata.

The Golden Spergula. — It is strange that

such a singularly beautiful carpet-bedding plant as
this is should not ere now have become universally
used. Only ignorance of its exceeding beauty can be
held to justify the neglect shown towards it by those
who have to provide summer bedding displays for the
delectation of their employers or for the public. This
season the Golden Spergula is employed in a couple
of carpet-beds at Chalfont Park with singularly good
effect. Its dense, compact, Sedum-like growth not
only forms a carpet that is absolutely perfect, but its
rich clear golden hue is most striking. Used as panel-
ing within bands of the emerald-green Herniaria
glabra the contrast is remarkable, and cannot be
excelled. Mr. Wildsmith employs this golden-leafed
plant also at Heckfield with charming effect, though
not so largely as Mr, Herren does at Chalfont,

The Spergula is hardy, and may be increased as fast
as can be desired. It retains its rich colour always.

Fancy Pansiks from Boreatton. — Mr.

H. EcKl'ORD, who has raised a very fine strain of
fancy Pansies, has forwarded a box of blooms, to
show the value of the strain. The prevailing drought
has been severely felt at Boreatton and the district
around it ; notwithstanding this the flowers are fine
and brilliantly coloured. Some of the tints
are novel, and very beautiful, and also extremely
varied. A rich velvety-maroon self, suffused with
blue, and having a narrow edge of warm rosy-pink, is
of fine proportions, and well deserving the name
given to it. A posy of these fancy Pansies would
prove an acceptable present to any one interested in
these charming and popular flowers.

A Golden Wedding.— The Jrather rare

occurrence of a fifty years' celebration of a wedding-
day took place at the College Nurseries, Cheltenham,
when Mr. and Mrs. William Heath celebrated
their golden wedding-day in a very pleasant manner
in the company of their many friends and employh.

Publications Received. — Nuovo Giornak

Bolanico Italiano.—The Naturalist. — Review of the
Forest Administration in British India for the year
1882-83. By W. SCHLICH, Ph.D.— /fnHKu/ Admi-
nistration Reports of the Forest Department, Madras
Presidency, for the year \%%z-%T,. — London Water; a
Review of the Present Condition and Suggested
Improvements. By A. de C. Scott, Major-General,
late Royal Engineers (Chapman & Hall).— Za
yi^ne Americaine. — The Dominion of Canada. —
Transactions of the Massachusetts fforticu/tural
Society for the year 1883. — Cryptogamic Society of
Seotland: List of Members, ^c,

The Weather. — General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 15, 1884, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather has been generally fine over the whole
kingdom, though some wet fog or mist has prevailed
at many of our stations, especially in the north.
Over central and eastern England some very heavy
dews have occurred. The temperature has been
above the mean in all places, the excess varying from
1° in the Channel Islands to 5" in nearly all the
English districts, as well as in " Ireland, N.," and
•'Scotland, W." The maxima, which were recorded
on the 13th or 15th, were as high as 78° in the
" Midland Counties," 77° in "England, £.,"76° in
" Scotland, E.," " England, S.,"and " Ireland, S.,"
and between 71° and 75° in most other districts.
The minima, which were registered on different days
in various parts of the country, ranged from 39° in
" England, N.W.," and 40° in "Scotland, N.," to
51° in " England, S.W.," and 54° in the "Channel
Islands." The rainfall has been considerably less than
the mean in all districts. Bright sunshine has been
more prevalent than itwas during last week, the percen-
tages of possible duration ranging from 28 in the
" Midland Counties," to 56 in "England, E.," and
58 in the " Channel Islands." Depressions observed :
— Beyond a disturbance noticed off our north-west
coasts at the commencement of the period and another
travelling northwards towards our south-west coasts
at the end of the week, no depressions have been
observed in our neighbourhood. At first two areas
of high pressure were shown, one over Sweden and
the other over the west of France and the Bay of
Biscay; as the we;k progressed, however, these
united, and gradually formed a well-defined anti-
cyclone over Norway, the north-east parts of our
islands, and the northern parts of the North Sea. The
wind was light from between south and west during
the first few days, but subsequently became moderate
or fresh from the east or north-east.

Gardening Appointments. — T. Lomas,

Foreman, Longford Hall, Stretford, Manchester, as
Head Gardener to F. W. Grafton, Esq., M.P.,
Heysham Hall, Lancaster.— Mr. H. T. James,
Gardener to Mr. A. Laverton, Farleigh Castle, to
Clevedon Hall, Clevedon, Somerset. He is suc-
ceeded by his brother, Mr. E. H. James, of West-
bury House Gardens. — Mr. J. Hughes, late Plant
Foreman at Gunnersbury Park, Acton, as Gardener
to H. F. De Paravicini, Esq., Heathfield, Brack-
nell, Berks. — Mr. G. Knight, late Foreman at
Crakemarsh Hall, Uttoxeter, as Head Gardener to
Captain Archdale, Underdown, Ledbury, Here-
fordshire.— Mr. R. Gray, Gardener to the late
Mrs. Lambton, Juniper Hill, Dorking, as Gardener
to R, Barclay Esq., Bury Hill, Dorking, Surrey.

372

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

FRUIT GROWING IN KENT.

The English have always had the name of being
little fruit eaters— an estimate that is no doubt correct
taken in a comparative sense, so far as applies to the
raw article, for if we compare the little consumed in
this country in an uncooked state with the immense
quantities used in Southern Europe, there can be no
question that our consumption is much less than that
of our Continental neighbours, who regard fruit, in
what may be termed its natural state, as an article of
food, whereas we in our chilly climate require some-
thing more substantial. But however much we are be-
hind as eaters of raw fruit we make up by its use in the
way of preserves in one form or other, the increased
use of which in recent years has been amazing, as
proved by the all but incalculable amount prepared
by the numerous preserving companies, or "smashers,"
as they are familiarly called. Time was when every
housewife used to pride herself each season on mak-
ing a larger stock of jam than her acquaintances, and
this was stored and used more in the way of luxuries
than for every-day use. Neither is this to be won-
dered at when we take into account the large propor-
tion of sugar required in their preparation, and
remember that this article used to cost nearly three-
fourths more than it now does. The high price of
butter has also done much to cause the working classes,
especially in large towns, to use the large quantities of
those indescribable compounds, cheap jams, which
they now consume. In this, as in most other things, de-
mand has begotten supply, and the growers of " soft "
fruits have not been slow in setting to work in earnest
to meet the requirements of the times. Different
parts of the country have contributed to meet the
demand. Kent, which had the name of being the
"garden of England," when not a twentieth part
of the fruit now grown in it was produced, has
naturally taken the lead so far that those
acquainted with the county twelve or fifteen years
and who had been absent during the time, could
scarcely credit the extent to which the cultivation of
Strawberries, Raspberries, Gooseberries, and Currants
is now carried, especially in the neighbourhool of
Swanley, Orpington, St. Mary Cray, and the sur-
rounding districts, where for many miles the enor-
mous breadth of these fruits to be seen is such as
would create wonder as to where a market could be
found for the produce. As a matter of course the
metropolis that has not only to provide for its four
millions of mouths, but also, in the matter of jam, for
a vast number besides, stands first, whilst Manchester,
Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds, Edinburgh, Glasgow,
and other centres of industry, proportionate to their
size, draw largely for their supply from the Kent fruit
gardens. Swanley, St. Mary Cray, and Orpington,
are the three principal stations where such portion of
the fruit as sent by rail is loaded. All through the
principal part of the season at these stations sidings
filled with those big, high vehicles, covered carriage
trucks, and luggage vans, such as accompany each
passenger train for passenger's luggage, may be seen
waiting to be loaded and sent away daily. The
Strawberries are all in i peck baskets, with which the
vans are tilled up from floor to roof so closely that the
whole cannot move in the least. The Raspberries are
in stout tubs, made like the Strawberry baskets, nar-
rower at the top, so that they can be piled one upon
another up to the roofs of the vans. A train is run
each afternoon, which picks up the loaded vans at
each of the stations in the districts, bringing them up
to the respective railway companies, that take them
on to the different provincial towns to which their con-
tents are consigned. The utmost expedition is used,
the fruit reaching its destination in the night follow-
ing the day on which it has been gathered, and in the
case of the most distant places — Edinburgh and Glas-
gow—during the day after. The London and North-
western, the Midland, and the Great Northern Com-
panies, each get a portion of this fruit, carrying to the prin-
cipal northern towns, and it is well to give merit where
merit is due, by crediting them with doing the work
well and expeditiously. I believe it rarely happens
that a single consignment of these "soft" fruits fails
to reach those they are sent to at the time they are
expected.

Some idea of the extent to which Strawberries
alone find a market in the provincial towns may be
formed from the fact that 125 tons of this fruit were
sent from Swanley station in the week ending July
5, this year ; and this is not more than equal to a
third of what is sent to London by road from the

Swanley district. Of the large numbers of individuals
who have gone in for this description of fruit culture,
a few of the largest are the brothers, Messrs. W. E.
& E. Vinson, who in the height of the season forward
to various places as much 14 or 15 tons of Straw-
berries in a day.

Mr, J. Wood, who has a very large farm adjacent,
has delivered over 11 J tons of this fruit in one day,
about half of which I understand went to Manchester.
As might be supposed Raspberries, from their
exceptionally soft nature, bruising as they do with
their own weight even when only a few are put
together are mostly sent to London by road.

Mr. Wood is also one of the largest growers of
other kinds of fruit, which include Apples, Pears,
Plums, Gooseberries, and Currants. In this part of
Kent these bush fruits are almost invariably planted
amongst Apples, Plums, and Pears,

Mr, Allen is another of the large Swanley growers,
and one of the most successful. He has 100 acres,
principally Apples, Plums, Gooseberries, and Currants
— no Strawberries. As an evidence that, even in this
exceptionally bad season for the larger kinds of fruit
in this neighbourhood the failure is not general, I
may mention that Mr. Allen has one of the best crops
he has ever grown of Apples. The following kinds
are carrying a good crop : — Abbey Seedling, an early
cooking kind ; Northern Greening, New Hawthorn-
den, and also the old variety ; Winter Quarrenden,
and that excellent dessert sort. Cox's Orange Pippin.
Of Plums, Lady Lucy, a large, late red kind ; Black
Diamond, a large fruit like Pond's Seedling, but not
so pointed : and Rivers' Seedling Early Purple, are
all bearing heavier this year than usual.

The varieties of Strawberries grown are few ; none
but free, heavy cropping sorts that produce large,
handsome fruit that is not soft or easily bruised in
carriage will do for market work. Sir J. Paxton and
Sir C. Napier are the principal kinds, much more of
the former than the latter, with some of the old
Elton Pine, to come in latest. Most of the planting
is done in autumn, the rest in spring. Thoroughly
cleanly cultivation is the rule. Stable litter was
largely employed for mulching Strawberries so long
as it was plentiful, but since so much sawdust and
compressed moss has been used in the London stables
the greater portion are mulched with barley straw.

As might be supposed, picking the fruit off the
thousands of acres grown in this locality entails an
immense amount of labour, and the cost is a serious
deduction from the amount it is sold for ; 40'. to ^d.
per peck is the price paid for Strawberries, and for
miles around the district literally swarms with pickers,
for the housing of which outbuildings of all descriptions
are in requisition. Some of the largest growers put
up long ranges of huts divided into small compart-
ments, they are built of bricks, with corrugated iron
sheets for the roofs, in fact something that can-
not take fire. But, if the tawny colour of the skins of
not a few of this immense army of pickers is any in-
dication as to where they lodge, one would guess that
the sky was the only roof they have. Hundreds
of families turn out of London, and begin with the
Strawberries, then go on with Raspberries, followed
by Gooseberries and Currants, after which comes
Plums, and then end up with Hops. Good hands
can make good wages ; a man has been known
to gather 28 pecks of Strawberries between dawn
and dusk in a day. As soon as the fruit is
gathered the runners and part of the leaves are cut
away; much of this kind of work is done by the piece
by the pickers ; the material is then allowed to lie until
it is dry, when it and the straw is together cleared off
and stacked like hay, being available for use a second
season. The horse-hoe is then brought into requisi-
tion between the rows, with which and hand-hoeing
the whole are kept quite clean through the season ;
many of the plants are permitted to stand six or seven
years, yielding the most in the second, third and fourth
seasons.

Fruit is not the only commodity cultivated in this
neighbourhood in extraordinary quantities. Veitch's
Autumn Cauliflower is now much in favour with the
principal pickling firms, I understand one of the
Swanley growers of this excellent vegetable contracted
with a noted pickling company to deliver 1000 tons
last autumn, and was not 20 tons short of the
quantity. Breadths of as much as 20 or 30 acres of
this Cauliflower may be seen so true, that scarcely a
plant can be found differing from the rest.

Manure, the sheet anchor of high cultivation, is
used in all but enormous quantities, the London, Chat-

ham and Dover Railway Co. is, I believe, willing to
defray the cost of putting in a siding for any one who
is prepared to find land for the purpose adjoin-
ing their line, and to take enough manure to
warrant the expense of the siding ; and some of the
largest farmers have already availed themselves of the
company's offer. To several of the largest of the
farms hereabouts as much as 5000 or 6000 tons each
of London manure is brought by rail in a year ; at
Swanley station alone 45,000 tons were delivered last
year. Immense dressings are applied to the land and
ploughed in, and in addition to this other manures
are largely used, for Potatos especially, to which crop
the soil in this part of Kent is particularly adapted,
yield and quality being alike excellent. One favour-
ite mixture is kainit and superphosphate, two parts
each, with a smaller proportion of sulphate of
ammonia, all mixed together and drilled in the rows
at planting time, thus supplementing the solid manure
used. It is said that no wireworm will touch the crop
where this mixed manure is used, Potatos coming out
so clean and bright in their skins that last year, even
with the low prices that ruled, the Potatos so grown
fetched 30?. per ton more in the London market
than where it was not used. Peruvian guano, and
the article that bears the name of Fish guano, are used
in large quantities, as also wool waste, fur waste, and
hoof parings. Frequent changes in the manure used,
and plenty of it, with clean cultivation, is the course
followed in the district under notice, with the result
that it would scarcely be possible to improve upon
the crops obtained. Much of the ploughing jn this
district is done with steam-tackle. I saw on the pre-
mises of a Mr. Wood — I believe a brother of the Mr.
Wood, the large fruit farmer named — some twenty-
four engines with the corresponding tackle, which are
let out for hire.

The most is made of the land ; the country by-lanes
running between farms are very narrow, so much
so that two vehicles have difficulty in passing,
and almost the whole of the hedge-rows are thickly
planted with Damsons, which, in many cases all but
meet across the roads. Tallish standards appear to be
used : these have their heads cut clean off at some
5 or 6 feet high, bearing nothing but the straight
stem which then breaks out two or three erect
branches ; this heading down is much practised, and
is found to greatly increase the fruitfulness.

The British farmer from time immemorial has been
the lucky individual that any one who knows a field
full of Cabbages from a field full of Potatos has
vouchsafed advice to, the advice usually being much
on a par with that which was given to a certain old
man about his ass. In these latter times, when the
incontrovertible fact has become apparent, that farmers
cannot live by growing corn that costs as much to
produce it as the price it will fetch, they have been
told by those at the helm of State affairs that they
should grow less corn and more fruit. But how stand
the facts in relation to this matter of more fruit ? In
some of the great northern towns during the last
season Kent grown Strawberries were selling for
\s. id. a peck and less ; considering what would be
left in the shape of profit after the picking, carriage,
sale, commission, labour in growing, with rents and
rates, were paid, it would be interesting to know
what the growers thought about extending the culti-
vation of fruit. T. B.

FRUIT NOTES.

The Crittenden Damson. — I send you here-
with a branch of this Damson in fruit, not, however,
to be accepted as evidence of its average cropping
qualities this season, but rather as showing how it
will crop when it can do so. Were all our trees laden
as this small branch is (fig. 68) we should be favoured
indeed ; but so far from that being the case, the crop
is a very thin one, though even better than could have
been expected, having regard to the bitter weather
which prevailed when the trees were in bloom. This
particular kind, though about here better known as
the Farleigh Prolific, thrives very well in stiff land,
but will not do on light soils. I notice that Morello
Cherries and this Damson seem to do well together,
and I should think that, given a fair amount of shelter
from winds, hardly two more profitable kinds of
standard fruits could be found. The Damson trees
here have been planted some seven years, and in that
time have generally made excellent growth. A few
years ago, when a south-western tornado almost
stripped the trees of their young leaves and bloom,
blight followed and crippled them for a couple of
seasons, and they were this season fully recovered and

September 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

373

full of bloom when the April frosts nearly destroyed
their promise. Probably some good bearing seasons
are in store, and the trees will then well repay their
original cost, for they have been productive of little

and compact though needing little thinning. B. A. D,
[For the specimen figured we are indebted to Messrs.
Bunyard of Maidstone. Other varieties of Damsons
were figured in a recent issue. Ed.]

winter. What stops or hinders their formation in
many seasons, is the load the trees have to carry, as
they cannot bear a heavy burden and do other work
at the same time, that is, without assistance or heavy

outlay since. This Damson, It seems, is not propa-
gated by seeds or by budding, but by means of
juckers, the which taken off carefully and trained,
soon make standard trees. The wood is hard and
tough, and is not easily torn by winds, whilst the
habit of growth conduces to strength, as it is dense

BtiDS AND Fruit. — Few realise how much the
autumn of one year has to do with the crop of the
next, but to make it plain one has only to pomt out
that, however favourable the spring may be, there can
be no fruit without blossom first, and no blossom
unfess the buds are formed and packed right for the

raitl, as the swelling and maturing of the Iruit taxes
their utmost energies, and all they can manage is to
feed it till it ripens and they are relieved from the
strain. Even without fruit most trees looked sadly
distressed till lately, but since the soaking the earth
had the revival of the foliage has been something

374

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SEfTEMBER 20, l8

remarkable, and instead cf drooping it now stands out
bold and fresh, with the buds at the base of the leaves
plumping up in a manner pleasant to see. Apples
and Pears are swelling at a prodigious rate and so fast
in many places that the skins of the latter are crack-
ing, as are also those of late Plums, which ate
gaping open and inviting the wasps, that are only too
willing to be at them, gorging themselves as is their
wont when anything good is before them. To assist
the buds autumn thinning or pruning should be
carried out, as it is surprising what a good effect it
has, especially on Peaches and Nectarines, which
require all the sun and light they can have, and to let
in these agencies is a very easy matter, as all the
shoots not required for bearing may be removed at
once, by doing which the foliage will be greatly
reduced and the young wood exposed, when it will
soon harden and ripen, and the trees be in the best
condition for meeting and facing the winter. Pears
and Apples should have been done long ago, but if
there are any stray shoots they ought to be taken off
at once, that the sap instead of going to them may be
forced into other parts where wanted. 7". .S.

Grapes at Syon. — " Golden Champion is also
fruiting finely," Gardeners'' Chronicle, August 16. I
cannot get on with this Grape. I have fine bunches
and berriesi but the latter split, and do not ripen well.
I should be glad to hear how it succeeds elsewhere,
as I had almost determined to grow it no longer,
T. C, Belle field, Trowbridge.

NORTH AMERICAN VEGETA-
TION.

At a meeting of the British Association at Mon-
treal a paper was read by Professor Asa Gray,
entitled " Remarks on the Characteristic Features of
North American Vegetation." He said when the
British Association met for the first time on that side
of the Atlantic it was not to be wondered at that a
corresponding member of the Association for a quarter
of a century should be present to read a paper to the
naturalists of Section D. He presented certain out-
lines of the flora of Canada and the United States as
di:,linct from those of England. On the Atlantic
coast the first impression made upon a visitor would
be the similarity to the flora of England, many of the
plants being almost the same. As one proceeds west-
ward and southward the differences become more
marked. While an agricultural people displaced the
aborigines of New England, the flora of Europe also
gradually supplanted the plants of the red man.
Many of the common plants of the Old World sprang
up in the farms and fields and roadsides as civilisation
proceeded. The reason why indigenous plants are
invariably supplanted by plants brought from
other cultivated lands is that they then were
rendered strong by the struggle for existence.
The flora of South America is poor, but the deficiency
is being supplied by the herbaceous plants of Europe,
men and animals being the disseminating influences.
At almost every step in America the English botanist
meets with well-known plants, which have found their
way from the American to the English soil. The
Virginia Creeper, the Rhododendron, and other well-
known plants in England are of American origin.
Turning from similarities to differences, an observing
botanist on the Atlantic coast would be struck by the
liberal number of trees and shrubs to be seen in this
section of the country in comparison with England
or Scandinavia. The wealth of this flora is obvious.
The most interesting contrast between the eastern
section of the American Continent and Europe is the
large number of tropical flowers which the heat of the
American summer permits to be grown in northern
latitudes. There are also in this section many of the
arctic plants which remained behind after the glacial
period had passed away. The same plants are also to
be found in Japan and China, but are wholly wanting
it Europe. Europe was at one time much similar to
Greenland, which is now undergoing a period of
extreme glaciation, fatal to Flora. In Europe also
the glacial period had destroyed many types of Flora
which had escaped in America. The arctic flora of
America is insignificant. A few species are found
on the cool shores of Lake Superior, the shores of
Labrador, and certain mountain summits in the Appa-
lachian Mountains. Professor Gray further referred to
the visit which is to be paid to Philadelphia, and said
that the botanists of that city were desirous of carry-

ing off their visitors on a botanical tour throughout
New Jersey, the flora of which he described. Be-
tween the wooded region of the Atlantic coast and
the wooded region of the Pacific coast there is a large
tract of woodless land. The prairies are tenanted
with a goodly number of plants. The dryer plains
probably never grew trees, and are capable of grow-
ing nothing but coarse weeds. Then come the Rocky
Mountains, which are well wooded on the sides, and
possess nearly 200 species of arctic flora along their
summits. When one reaches the Sierra Nevada he
enters perhaps the noblest coniferous forest in the
world. Although the Pacific coast is richer than the
Atlantic coast in its Conifers, it possesses a much
smaller portion of the other trees, such as Oaks,
Ashes, and Maples.

J4ojVlE -foRRESPOJ^DEJ^CZ:.

Forestry Exhibition, — May I point out that in
one of your interesting articles on this Exhibition,
at p. 298, in the issue for September 6, the beautiful
wood known as Andaman Marble-wood is not fur-
nished by Diospyros quaesita, as there stated, but by
D. Kurzii, Hiern. C3.mh\e,\ahis Manual of Indian
Timbers, describes the tree as an evergreen, with very
thin, smooth grey bark, and handsome wood, streaked
with black and grey. It is used for cabinet work,
and should be better known as a substitute for the
Ceylon Calamander wood, which it much resembles.
In the Andamans it is used for bandies and sheaths of
blades, as well as for furniture. The tree grows in
the Andaman Islands and Nicobars. These facts I
have pointed out in the new guide to the Kew
Museum. Diospyros quesita, Thw., is the true
Calamander, or Coromanderwood, and is a large tree
of Ceylon, now scarce, though the wood is in great
demand for ornamental articles and inlaying. John
K. Jackson, AInseum, Kew.

Yeast Fungi and the Ascomycetes. — In the
Gardeners' Chronicle for Aug. 18, 1883, you published
an abstract ol Dr. Oscar Brefeld's admirable work on
Yeast Fungi, 1883, and in the first paragraph you
have pointed out that Brefeld associates the Ascomy-
ceteswithyeast-like conidia forming fungi. Itwouldap-
pear that the Rev. M. J. Berkeley was the first person
to notice and illustrate these appearances in the Asco-
mycetes, for in I S60 he illustrated in the Outlines of
British Fungology, plate I, Ascosporium (Ascomyces)
deformans with " sporidia simulating yeast globules,"
and under A. bullatum he gives another illustration to
show the further growth of the spores in the manner
of yeast. Long prior to this Mr. Berkeley had
observed and illustrated the same appearances ; for
the yeast-like growth is shown in the Introduction to
Cryptoganiic Botany, 1S57, p. 284, and even in that
volume there is a prior reference given to vol. 9 of the
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of
London. In 1864 Prof, de Bary published in Beitriige
zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Filze, a similar
illustration in reference to " Exoascus,"a name which,
as every reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle prob-
ably knows, is a mere synonym for Mr. Berkeley's
Ascomyces. It is very necessary to fix these references
in print as French and German botanists are constantly
and vexatiously altering generic names and fixing
their own observations as original on to their own
newly hatched genera. As synonyms are seldom given
and the work of the older observers is systematically
ignored, it is often most diflScult to trace a fungus
with its associated first observations, to its first name
and author. \V. G. Smith,

Clerodendron fcetidum (p. 304).— I should like
to supplement your account of this plant by stating
that, though it seems to be perfectly hardy (I have
had it here for many years), it is not a plant that I
should recommend to every one. This year it has
flowered grandly, and is very striking, but in ordinary
summers it either does not flower at all, or so late as
to be unable to perfect its flowersi Where it does not
bloom it is an undesirable plant. The foliage is
handsome but very offensive, and it spreads by under-
ground stolons to a most troublesome extent. This
year has been excellent for flowers that usually flower
late. Hibiscus grandiflorus will be out in a week or
ten days (it seldom gets its flowers so early, and they
perish prematurely), and Paliurus aculeatus is pro-
ducing plenty of its curious fruit, which I never saw
before, Henry N, Etlacombe, Bitton Vicarage.

Impatiens Sultani. — I am exceedingly obliged to
Mr. Tallack for his admirable and practical reply to
my query respecting the seeding of the above-named
charming plant. It would have been interesting had
he farther alluded to his method of culture, size of
pot, and general conditions under which his plants
are grown. I mention these points because I have
seen in many gardens this Balsam very indilTerenlly
done. My own plants are now illustrating practically
all that Mr. Tallack has written, and having regard to
the fact that they are cramped or starved as it were in
48-sized pots they are now doing wonderfully well,
and blooming beautifully in a cool house, and evi-
dently preferring the present low temperature to the
exceeding heat of a week or two since. I, too, find
the plants to vary in habit, some being more spreading
or tall, others fairly compact and even. The latter
are to my mind both perfect and most beautiful, and
though some 15 inches in height and as much through,
yet are so full of bloom as to give more beauty from
out of a 48- pot than any plant I have seen at this
time of the year. There is such a charm about the
erect prominent flowers, in colour rosy-magenta, that
I am sure all will like them. It is at this time of the
year far more decorative than are the best of double
Balsams, and is most easily grown, A. D.

Early Peas. — Seeing a note of Mr. Gilbert's in
your last issue respecting Mr. Berbery's new Peas, I
should be glad to bear testimony to their quality, as I
have grown three sorts, viz.. Berbery No. 2, Early
Kenilworth, and Early Bird for two seasons. Last
season, 1883, I planted in March the three sorts above
mentioned together with Laxton's Earliest of All, a
Pea sent from America called Cleveland First and
Earliest, and William I. Cleveland First and Earliest,
Laxton's Earliest of All, Early Bird, Early Kenilworth
were all ready to gather within a few days, Cleveland
being a day or two the first. I gathered 2 lb. of each
kind, and had them shelled and weighed and cooked
separately, Cleveland furnishing 132 oz. of Peas, the
other sorts having all about 12^ oz. of Peas. It will be
thus seen that the Cleveland Pea was best for quantity
and earliness, and when on the table it was mealy and
second-rate, so that I did not think it worth growing
again. Early Bird, which is a wrinkled Pea, was as
fine in flavour and sweet as an average late Pea, about
equal to Telephone in flavour, but inferior to Ne Plus
Ultra. Next in point of flavour came Early Kenil-
worth, which is a blue Pea, resembling Kentish
Invicta in the seed, and a very heavy cropper, with
five to eight Peas in a pod. Earliest of All is rather
similar to the last-named Pea, but not so sweet nor
such a cropper, but still the best early Pea at present
in commerce as far as I have tried. Berbery No. 2
and William I. came in about the same, but No. 2 is
far superior to William I., seven to ten Peas in a pod,
growing about the same height,, the pods literally
covering the haulm, and all as true as possible, so
unlike the average sample of William I. This season
I have grown Berbery Peas again against a new early
Pea given to me by Mr. Sander, ol St. Albans, which
sort is not so early as Early Kenilworth and Early
Bird, and growing much more straggling, small Peas
and pods, and quite inferior ; on the other hand, a
late sort, given to me by Mr. Sander, is an excellent
sort ol the Ne Plus Ultra type, one ol the best late
Peas I know. The special merit of Berbery's Peas is
their fine quality ; the Early Bird I believe will soon
be generally grown as the sort becomes known, as it
is by far the best early Pea I have grown. J. Pole.

Referring to p. 341, September 13, in which

"R. C. E. II." speaks very highly of a perpetual
bearer Pea, should it not be Walker's not Watkins' ?
— as the description fully bears out all that is said of
it : "A first-rate variety for a main crop. The Peas
are large, and cook a rich dark green colour. It
withstands mildew better than any variety I have ever
grown." ^^ Abutting.

Ornithogalum gracile.— About the end of last
winter certain auction catalogues advertised many lots
of Ornithogalum gracile, said to be a hardy novelty,
offered in lots of fifty. I bought a lot, and potted
some for greenhouse and cold frame, and planted out
others. Not one has shown any sign of life. Per-
haps some one who has been more fortunate will tell
us what they were like. C. IVolley Dod, Edi;e Hall,
JSIalpas.

Veitch's Selected Extra Early Pea.— I was
very pleased to read Mr. Perkins' remarks on the
above Pea in your paper of last week, and can
testify to all he s.ays in its favour, in fact it is the
best early Pea I ever saw, and a most prolific bearer ;
and all who still adhere to the sowing of Peas in
November need do so no more, for this Pea w.is sown
here in January and was fit for table in the third week
in May, and the garden here is one of the bleakest in
the Midlands. If Messrs. Veitch could sell it by
the bushel to the farmers, who grow for market, they
would be doing the public a good turn, to say nothing of
what it would be the means of putting in the farmers'
pockets, for a friend of mine in Essex made /'15 pet

September 20, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

375

acre this season for early Peas that were very inferior

to the above Early Pea. U\ C. L.^ Finahade AblK-y.

Lilium fturatun^ — I send particulars respecting
a spike of the above growing in the gardens at Elm-
stead Grange, Chislehurst, ihe residence of J. Scott,
jiin., Esq., the dimensions of which are, I think,
rather unusual. The spike is between 9 and lofeethigh.
It formed sixty-nine buds, of which number four proved
abortive, leaving sixty-tive perfect. As I write there
are forty fully expanded blooms, five have dropped,
and the remaining twenty are on the point of expan-
sion. I may add it is an excellent type of flower.
7. Blackburn, The Gardens, Elmstcad Grange,
CAis/c/utrst, Acne.

^cidium berberidis. — The abnormal individuals
of .Ecidiura berberidis figured in last week's Gar-
a'ffters' Chronicle by Mr. W. G. Smith are by no
means unfamiliar to those who study these fungi
experimentally. I have seen the same kind of thing
before with .Ecidium berberidis. The cause is simply
that the fungus has been grown in an atmosphere
which is free from currents of air, &c. If Mr. Cheyne
would place the afl'ected Barberry in the open air for
a few days, the elongated peridia would soon become
shortened to their normal "out-of-door" length by
the combined influence of wind and rain [?]. Charles
B. Floxvright.

Apples at Gloucester. — Judging by what I have
seen lately of Apples in the western and midland
counties, I do not think there are many full crops of
this favourite fruit this season ; but some varieties are
bearing particularly well, and as this is their rule it
would be well to make a note of ihem. In Messrs.
J. C. Wheeler's nursery at Goucester there are over 300
varieties of Apples growing, and on inspecting them the
other day I booked the following as bearing the finest
crops : — Hawthornden, Golden Noble, Cox's Orange
Pippin, Pearson's Plate, Royal Russet, Stirling Castle,
Emperor Alexander, Waltham Abbey Seedling,
Kerry Pippin, Yellow Ingestre, Fearn's Pippin,
Dutch Codlin, Lord Suftield, and Cellini. The trees
are small nursery stock, in the finest possible health,
and although only two and three years old are
bearing from two dozen to five dozen capital fruits,
y. Mnir^ Mariiam.

Hybrid Hedychiums.— I have to-day forwarded
to you by rail a box containing specimens of two
hybrid Hedychiums, raised by Mr. Lindsay in the
Edinburgh Botanic Garden. Both of these were
obtained from H. coronarium as the female parent.
In the one case the male parent was H. Gardner-
ianum, in the other it was H. angustifolium. The
first of these hybrids, H. coronarium x Gardnerianum,
is, I think every one will admit, a great success.
With flowers of the size and shape and perfume of H.
coronarium, it has the elongated inflorescence of H.
Gardnerianum, from which also it manifestly derives
the pale yellowish or creamy tint of its flowers. The
second hybrid, H. coronarium angustifolium x , is
also very good. Curiously enough, it much more
closely resembles its male parent, H. angustifolium,
than it does its female parent, H. coronarium. It is,
however, sufficiently distinct from H. angustifolium,
its flowers being larger, and the inflorescence more
compact. The marked potency of H. angustifolium
as a pollen parent in this case is of great interest
taken in connection with that of our hybrid, H.
Gardnerianum x angustifolium, noticed in the Gar-
deners^ Chronicle of last October, where the re-
semblance to the same pollen-parent, H. angusti-
folium, was so close that Sir f. D. Hooker and
yourself could scarcely be persuaded that it was a
hybrid at all, although admitting its superiority to any
of the ordinary forms of that species. Alexander
Dickson.

Hull Botanic Gardens. — I send you herewith a
photograph of a flower and leaf of Monstera deliciosa,
which flowered here last week. The plant, which is
grown in a tub in a stove, produced three spathes; the
first spadix produced seems likely to develope into the
luscious fruit so highly prized in the markets of
Central America. It is satisfactory to be able to
state, that the enormous debt, no less than ;,^27,ooo,
hanging over these gardens when I came here two
years ago, has, thanks to the generous assistance
accorded me by many of the townspeople, been
totally cleared off, so that the gardens are now the
absolute property of the Society — a result which, at
one time, the most sanguine scarcely dared to hope
for, Philip MacMahon.

The World's Exposition, New Orleans,
U.S.A. — I have been very succcessful in my endea-
vours to secure exhibits of plants and fruits for the
New Orleans Exhibition, and trust that those who
exhibit will not find cause for complaint, as the Board
of Managers is determined to spare neither labour nor
money to make the horticultural feature of the Expo-
sition a grand success. We now feel assured of a

large display, and that our expectation of making the
first really International Horticultural Exposition will
be more than reaHsed. I hope as many of your hor-
ticultural friends as possible will give us lheirpractic.il
support. The American Exchange, 449, Strand, are
our European agents, and will give every information
possible to exhibitors. P, J, Berckiiians.

Root Fusion. — Referring to an article in the
Gardeners' Chronicle of September 6 on root fusion,
I would call your attention to a similar freak in an
Oak tree or trees growing near the railway station at
Leebotwood, Shropshire, a small village near Shrews-
bury. It is known as the ** Twin Oak." If not
already known to you, I think an illustration of it
would give even a better example of what you call
"root fusion" than the one already shown in the
Gardeners' Chronicle. A'. W. G.

A New Flower-pot.— It may be thought that
the inventive faculties of the potter were exhausted
when he had produced the familiar flower-pot ; in-
deed, for all useful purposes, this common receptacle for
our house plants fulfils every condition but that of
keeping out worms. Fig. 69 shows a pot having sides
more approaching the upright ; in this respect re-
sembling Hyacinth pots ; it has also a concave
under-side, which is perforated with a middle hole
(by the way, quite useless, as all the water will
descend to the bottom holes), and several at the bot-
tom, and small channels are made in the edge of the
pot at the bottom, so that water will not lodge under
it. Its inventor claims for it sundry advantages, viz.,
that insects cannot enter, which is an over-statement,
as any insects having feet can do so, as can also slugs,
although worms could not ; and as worms are the
greater enemies, it is a good thing they are now over-
reached ; few crocks will be wanted, and the pot, while
holding more soil, takes up less space than the
ordinary pot. Owing to the little difference there is

intebior
Fig. 69.— vertical section of i-ot.

between the size of the pot at the bottom, and its upper
part there will be a difficulty in getting tightly rooted
plants turned out of the pot, without much jarring and
shaking, unless they are allowed to shrink by
drought, which latter is not the condition the ball
of earth should be in when shifted. By making
the pot like an ordinary one as regards the slope of
the sides, it has advantages that with many will out-
weigh the slightly extra price charged for it. The
inventor is Mr. James Crute, Langton Lodge, West-
hall Road, Honor Oak, S.E,

Dundee Horticultural : September 1 1, I2, and 13.

^Fruit.— By way of furnishing further details of the
fruit shown on this occasion, it may be stated that there
were fourteen classes for single bunches of Grapes, and
that in the case of the black Grapes especially, they were
generally numerously and well shown. In the class for
a single bunch of Alnwick Seedling, which was shown in
excellent condition] throughout, Mr. McKelvie. Erox-
raouth Park Gardens, was ist, and Mr. John Robson,
Springbank, 2d. Mr. Jas. Jeffrey, gr. to A. Pringle,
Esq., Craigcleuch, had the best bunch of Black Ham-
burgh, staging a very good one ; Mr. W. Watson, The
Gwynde, being 2d. In the class for Black Alicante, Mr.
T. Boyd staged a very fine bunch ; Mr. John Laing,
Craighall, being 2d. Mr. Geo. Smith, Mylnefield, had
the best bunch of Gros Colmar ; Mr. James Birsant,
Castle Huntley, being 2d. The latter was ist with an
excellent bunch of Lady Downe's ; Mr. J. Johnstone,
Broughty Ferry, being 2d. Mr. John Brunton, gr. to Sir
A. Kinloch, Bart., had the best bunch of any other black
Grape, showing agood bunch of Muscat Hamburgh ; Mr. D.
Morrison being 2d. with an unnamed Grape, looking like
West's St. Peter. Mr. JohniMcIntyre, Woodside, Darling-
ton, had the best bunch ot Buckland Sweetwater ; Mr. John
Smith. Blyth House, being 2d. It is worthy of remark
that there was not a single exhibit in the classes for two
bunches or one bunch of Mrs. Pearson. Mr, Jas. John-
son, Ashbidie, had the best bunch of Muscat of Alex-

andria ; Mr. E. Douglas, Derwent Lodge, being 2d. In
the class for any other while Grape, Mr. John Hannah
was rst, with good Golden H.imburgh ; Messrs. Haig
& Beisant being 2d and 3d with tlio same. In the class
for a bunch o( Grapes for weight, Mr. lohn Hannah was
ist, witli a huge bunch of VVIiitc .Syrian ; Mr. John
Laing being 2d, with what appeared to be While Nice ;
and Mr. j. Mclndoe 3d, with the same, the last having
ihe best finished berries. The best bunch for finest
bloom was Alicante, from Mr. T. Boyd, superbly
coloured ; Mr. Jas. Thompson being 2d, with the same ;
and Mr. Kirk 3d, with Alnwick Seedling. In the class
for the best bunch of finest flavoured, not less than i lb.
in weight, Mr. Geo. Johnson was ist, with Duchess of
Buccleuch ; Mr. A. Crosbie, Buchanan Gardens, 2d,
with Muscat of Alexandria ; and Mr. Joseph Souza,
Touch, 3d, with Duchess of Buccleuch. One exhibitor
with a desire to mislead the judges, in order to make his
bunches of Duchess of Buccleuch of sutticient weight,
is alleged to have actually tied on to it the tip of another
bunch in order to make it so. As the exhibitors' names
were placed only on the winning exhibits, we are unable
to give the offender's name with absolute certainty, but
it was said to be that of a leading exhibitor of fruit on
this occasion, who it is to be hoped is by this time
heartily ashamed of himself.

Owing to the method of staging adopted, which was
somewhat confusing, and the practice of placing a high
wire fencing all round the fruit as if it were a poultry
exhibition, it became difficult to pick up completely the
details of all the fruit shown on this occasion, and un-
fortunately a good deal of it was unnamed. Of Melons
there were a large number. Mr. Allison, Sea View, had
the best green-flesh, and Mr. A. Pettigrew, gr. to the
Marquis ot Bute, the 2d best. In this, as in the suc-
ceeding class for scarlet-fleshed varieties a large number
of fruit were shown. Mr. James Malcolm, Mon-
trose, had the best scarlet-fleshed variety, and Mr. J.
Mackenzie, Belmont House, 2d. Mr. Hunter, Lambton
Castle Gardens, had the best twelve Figs, staging what
appeared to be fine Brown Turkey ; Mr. J. Galloway,
Minto House, being 2d. Mr. John McLeod, Brantham
Park Gardens, Stirling, had the best twelve Peaches ;
Mr. James Johnson, Ashbidie, being 2d. Mr. George
Johnstone had the best twelve Nectarines, having fine
Pitmaston Orange ; Mr. James Hunter being 2d with
the same. Mr. Brown, gr. to R. Clark, Esq., had
the best six Nectarines, staging Pitmaston Orange ; Mr.
John Laing, gr. to General Clark, Rattray, being 2d,
with Violelte Hative. Mr. J. Milne, gr. to James
Tweedie, Esq., had the best six Peaches, staging very
fine Princess of Wales ; Mr. W. Gardiner being 2d, with
Stirling Castle. There were as many as twelve exhi-
bitors in the class for twelve Apricots, Mr. J. Brunton
being ist, with Moor Park ; and Mr. J. Brown 2d, with
the same variety. Mr. W. Gardiner had the best three
dishes of Plums ; Mr. J. W. Goodacre being 2d. These
were shown as dishes of four fruits, which is not enough
to make an effective display. There was a class for
three varieties of Pears, three of each, and also one for
twelve varieties, two of each ; the practice of putting
them all into one vessel made it difificult to gather
the names of the varieties. Baking Apples, as well
as those for weight, were very finely shown, Lord Suf-
field in particular being very fine, and there is no doubt
the best examples had been grown under glass. Mr. J.
Hunter had the best collection of twelve varieties of
dessert Apples, two of each ; Mr. J. Mclndoe being 2d.
Mr. P. W. Fairgrieve had the best collection of eight
dishes of hardy fruits grown in the open air, consisting
of Pears, Cherries, Gooseberries, Plums, Currants, &c. ;
2d, Mr. P. Robertson. Mr. W. Murray was the only
exhibitor of four fruit trees growing in pots, having
Apples and Pears. There were also classes for Vines
grown in pots ; the best specimen black came from Mr.
J. Machar, gr. to R. Mudie, Esq., Broughty Ferry ;
and Mr. G. R. Milne, Grange Gardens, Monifieth, had
the best specimen white Grape in a pot. There were
other classes for hardy fruits, but they contained nothing
calling for special mention.

VEGETABLES.--It has already been stated that the
best basket of fifteen kinds of vegetables came from Mr. J.
S. Brown, gr. to C. S. H. D. Moray, Esq., Creiff.
This was the best among eight, and it included Autumn
Giant Cauliflower, Intermediate Carrots, Golden Stone
Turnip, Schoolmaster Potato, Brussels Sprouts, Onions,
Celery, Peas, &c. — a very fine lot indeed. Mr. D. McBean,
gr. to J. Cunningham, Esq., Renfrew, was 2d with an
excellent lot, only a little inferior. Mr. P. McArthur,
Newport, was 3d. Mr. J. Stewart, St. Fort, had the
best basket of ten kinds ; Mr. W. Goodall, Errol, being
2d. Then followed prizes for Cucumbers, Cauliflowers,
Cabbages, Celery, Beet, Parsnips, Carrots, Leeks,
Onions, Peas, &c., in all of which there was an
extensive display, and a very keen competition. Onion
Rousham Park Hero was very finely shown ; it was ist in
one class, where there were forty competitors ; the six
bulbs weighed 8 lb., and they came from Mr. Wingrove,
The Gardens, Rousham Park. In the class for twelve
varieties of Potatos, six of each, there was something like
twenty collections, Mr. Thos. Johnstone, St. Fort, being
ist with very good examples of Myall's International,
Woodstock Kidney, Bresee's Prolific, Radstock Beauty,
Lye's Favourite, Grampian, Reading Russet, School-
master, Blanchard, Porter's Excelsior, and Fiftyfold ; 2d,
Mr. John Wilson, gr. to J. M. Gordon, Esq., with
Prime Minister, Snowflake, Snowdrop, Blanchard,
Schoolmaster, Radstock Beauty, Vicar of Laleham, &c. ;
3d, Mr John Stewart, St. Fort. Mr. John Foulis, Scots
Craig, Tayport, had the best six dishes, staging excel-
lent examples of Woodstock Kidney, Porter's Excelsior,
Schoolmaster, Reading Russet, Grampian, and one
other ; 2d, Mr. Francis Stewart, with a fine lot also. In
all the classes for single dishes of Potatos there was a

376

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 18S4.

remarkably keen competition. Mention must be made
of the Leeks, which were marvellously fine even for
Scotland.

The group of Rousham Park Hero Onion shown by
Mr. Henry Deverill, Banbury, was a very fine one, and
attracted much attention, from the great size and sym-
metry of the bulbs.

Plants. — One important error crept into our report
in course of transmission by wire. In class 91, Mr.
Edward Boyes, Bum Park, was awarded the ist prize
for three greenhouse Heaths, showing very fine examples
of Erica retorta major, E. Marnockiana, and E, Jack-
soniana, and the former of these was selected for the
Veitch Memorial Prize as the best stove or greenhouse
plant in flower ; Mr. Allison was 2d, showing smaller
plants of E. Marnockiana, E. eximia, and E. TumbuUi.
The Veitch Memorial Prize for the best Orchid also went
to Mr. Boyes, for Odontoglossum grande, but it was
scarcely deserving such a distinction.

Conifers. — A very fine group of six specimens in
tubs was shown by Messrs. Dickson & Turnbull, nur-
serymen, Perth, and awarded the ist prize ; they were
of good size, even, and in excellent character, and
consisted of a variegated Sequoia gigantea, Taxus
baccata aureus, Thuia dolabrata variegata, Abies Pin-
sapo glauca, Abies Douglasii Stairii, with a fine silvery
sheen ; and A. tsuga nana. Messrs. \V. P. Laird c^
Sinclair, Dundee, were 2d, with Retinospora plumosa
aurea, Ta.xus fastigiata aurea, Abies polita, and| a pen-
dulous form of Sequoia gigantea, as their leading
subjects.

Summer-flowering Chrysanthemums. — These
are a somewhat new feature to schedules, and they were
well represented by nicely grown and flowered plants of
the named type. Messrs. W. T. Laird & Sinclair were
ist, with six plants ; and Messrs. D. & W. CroU, seeds-
men, Dundee, were 2d. With four plants, Mr. John
Collie, Elm Grove, West Ferry, was ist ; and Mr. James
Brown, Crauford Lodge, Dundee, 2d.

Miscellaneous Flowering Plants. — Under this
heading may be grouped Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Cocks-
combs, Begonias, Hydrangeas ; and while all were fairly
good there was nothing of sufficient importance to
require special mention. Single specimens of Valotta
purpurea were well grown and flowered.

Miscellaneous Foliage Plants.— There was a
class for three Gleichenias, and here Mr. Hammond
added to his former triumphs by taking the leading prize
with medium-sized examples of G. microphylla, G. Men-
deli, and G. rupestrjs ; Mr. G. R. Milne was 2d, with
much smaller specimens. Mr. E. Moir had the best
six British Ferns in one class, and Mr. John
Donaldson, Newport, in the other. The class for
twelve dwarf British Ferns was a very interesting
one. Mr. A. W. Anderson, of Edinburgh, was ist, with
a group of pretty specimens ; Mr. D. D. Arnot 2d. In
the class for six Mr. John Donaldson was ist, and Mr.
Peter Barron 2d. The class for thirty alpines in pots
was another full of interest, though but very few indeed
were in flower. There were five collections in all, and
they were well grown and scrupulously clean and neat.
Mr. T. B, Scott, West Ferry, was ist ; and Mr. John
Mclntyre, Woodside, Darlington, 2d. In the class for
fifteen specimens Mr. D. D. Amot, Kirkcaldy, was ist ;
and Mr. John Ford 2d. Of plants for table decoration
there were a large number. In the class for six Mr. James
Mitchell, Newmains, Aberdeen, was ist ; and Mr. R.
Grigor, Sunnybank, 2d. In that for three plants Mr.
W. Bell was ist, and Mr. James D. Ker 2d. They were
generally nicely grown and well suited to the purpose.

Cut Flowers. —Mr. Campbell's stand of twenty-four
blooms of fancy Pansies. to which attention was briefly
directed in our last, comprised some of the finest varie-
ties, such as Evelyn Bruce, K. Montgomery, Lord
Beaconsfield, John Gold, Mrs. Jamieson, Mrs. McTag-
gart, Mrs. Burns, and Mrs. Downie. Messrs. James
Cocker & Son, Sunny Park Nursery, Aberdeen, had the
best collection of twenty-four bunches of bedding Violas,
in twelve varieties, and very pretty and bright they were,
the most striking being Countess of Kintore, Harle-
quin, Max Kolb, Stella, Vestal— this last still a good
while ; Sovereign, Admiration, and Golden Gem, Mr. J.
Sutherland. Lenzie, was 2d.

Bunches of hardy flowers were remarkably fine and
attractive. Mr. J. Crighton, Inchture, had the best
twelve bunches, which included superb examples of Tri-
toma grandis. Lobelia cardinalis, Gaillardias, white Ever-
lasting Pea, Anemone japonica alba, Hyacinthus candi-
cans, &c. ; 2d, Mr. T. H. Miln, Linlathen. In the class
for six bunches Miss Pitcaithly was ist, having very fine
bunches of Lilium auratum, Gladiolus hybridus aureo-
marginatus, Tropaeolum speciosum, Physostegia imbri-
cata, and Anemone japonica alba ; 2d, Mr. Matthew
Smith, Prestwick. Pentstemons were finely shown in
bunches of the finest varieties. Herbaceous Phloxes also
made a rare display, the collection shown by Mr. A.
Brown, Orchill, being very fine. It is in the North of
England and in Scotland that one sees French and
African Marigolds shown to the best advantage ; here
they were good, and so numerous that it was no easy
task to make the awards. Asters of all kinds were not a
whit less inferior. Mr. T. H. Miln had the best twelve
bunches in variety, showing Sweet Peas, Eschscholtzias.
Malope grandiflora, Chr}Eanthemum coronarium and
tricolor, Godetia Whitneyi, Papaver umbrosum, and
others equally telling ; Mr. R. Alexander, Balmossie,
the charming blooms of Carnations and Picoiccs, which
were a surprise also for this late period of the year.
Mr. G, C. Minty was ist with twelve blooms of mixed
flowers, having William Skirving, Figaro, Distinction,

Lord Milton, Squire Meynel, Falconbridge, John Bull,
and the following Picotees — Novelty, Mrs. Dick, Pallas,
and Minnie.

Certifcates of Merit were awarded to Croton
Thynei. a very fine looking and robast growing seedling in
the way of Baroness Rothschild ; a striking plant, grandly
coloured, and sufficiently distinct to merit this award :
it was exhibited by Messrs. J, & R. Thyne, nurserymen,
Glasgow. Also to the following single Dahlias, shown
by Messrs. J. Lamont & Sons, nurstrymen, Edinburgh :
— Sir John Hope, R. J. Hamill, Volunteer, Attraction, and
Zulu — the last-named a rich shining maroon-coloured
variety in the way of Negress. A special Certificateof Merit
was awarded to Scotch, Striped French, and new orange
Marigolds, shown by Mr. Cuthbertson, Rothesay. Certi-
ficates of Merit were also awarded to the following Fancy
Pansies :— P. Lutz and My Lady, selected from a batch
offineseedUngsby Messrs. Dobbie& Co., florists, Rothe-
say. Messrs. Dickson & Co.. nurserymen, Edinburgh,
exhibited a large-leaved copper-coloured variety
of Acer, named Hookerianum, from the Himalayan
Mountains, of a distinct and promising character,
and respecting which more requires to be known.
There were many exhibits not for competition, among
them a very fine lot of single Dahlias from Messrs. J.
Lamont & Sons ; Mr. John Sutherland, nurseryman,
Glasgow, had a quantity of cut blooms of very fine show
and fancy Pansies ; Messrs. James Cocker & Co., Sunny
Park Nurseries, Aberdeen, boxes of cut Roses and Pico-
tees ; Mr. A. Lister, florist, Rothesay, fancy Pansies, also
fine and showy; Messrs. J. Dobbie & Co.. Rothesay,
show and fancy Pansies, remarkably fine, African and
French Marigolds, Rosesand Dahlias ; Mr. Henry Deverill,
seedsman, Banbury, sent four dozen bulbs of Rousham
Park Hero Onion, that formed one of the features of the
exhibition ; Mr. W. Cuthbertson, Trew, Rothesay, had
a collection of Apples ; Messrs. C. Daly & Son, nur-
serymen, Coleraine, Ireland, an interesting collection of
Irish-grown Apples, Eckinville being very fine ; Messrs.
T. Frost & Son, nurserymen. Maidstone, had a collec-
tion of Apples ; Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, nursery-
men, Edinburgh; Messrs, Storrie & Murray, nursery-
men, and Messrs. W. P, Laird & Sinclair, nurserymen,
Dundee, had collections of decorative plants ; ^Iessrs.
H. Cannell & Son, nurserymen, Swanley, had bunches
of double and single Pelargoniums and Begonias ;
Messrs. J, Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest
Hill, Kent, also had cut blooms of Begonias ; and Mr.
T. S, Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, examples
of single Dahlias,

Royal Caledonian Horticultural. — The autumn
show of this flourishing Scottish Society took place in the
Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on Wednesday and
Thursday (17th and i8th inst.). For a considerable
number of years past, the " Caledonian " under generou?
management has been steadily growing in public favour.and
each year in consequence its shows have seemed to grow
better. Outside of the International shows several have
been held under the auspices of the Caledonian in ?Ldin-
burgh, the exhibition of this week is probably one of the
finest they have ever held alike in aspect as to number
of entries of flowers and fruit, and the quality of the
exhibits. The entries numbered 1326, which was as
nearly as possible the same as the number at the autumn
show last year ; but it is fully double the number ever
entered in previous years. The prize money offered
amounted to ^^270, In quality the exhibits were excel-
lent, and the manner in which the various stands were
set out was exceedingly tasteful. The Market Hall had
indeed a most pleasing appearance. The glowing
colours of the autumn flowers interspersed with abundant
greenery had a splendid decorative effect, and the
general appearance of them was greatly enhanced by the
display of a large number of tall Palms placed at the
intersections of avenues between the tables.

Fruit. — The premier place in the catalogue was
allotted to the fruit, which in all respects was a credit-
able display. For the best collection of twelve sorts Mr,
Mclndoe, gr. to Sir Joseph Pease, was placed ist. He
had two splendid Pines, two very good Melons, and fair
bunches of Grapes. Mr. Johnston, Glamis Castle, who
got the 2d prize, had a very fine bunch of Muscats, a
good bunch of Black Alicantes, and his Nectarines were
superb. The 3d honour went to Mr. Mclntyre, The
Glen, Peebles, whose Grapes were the best things in his
collection. Competing for the prizes for the eight sorts
of fruit, excluding Pines, there were five entries. There
was a keen competition for places. The ist fell to Mr.
J. McConochie. Cameron House, who showed exceed-
ingly good Grapes and Peaches. Mr. Mclndoe was 2d,
with a nice collection, and he was pressed hard by Mr.
P. W. Fairgrieve, gr. to the Dowager Duchess of Athole,
whose Grapes and Nectarines were particularly good.
For the collection of ten fruits grown out-of-doors, Mr.
Fairgrieve outdistanced all the other competitors. His
exhibits under this heading were similar to those with
which he carried off the prize at the International at
Dundee last week. They included dishes of Jefferson
& Kirke's Plums, Elruge Nectarines. Early York Peaches,
Harley's Early Peach, Shipley's Apricot. Louise Bonne
Pears, Jargonelle Pears, Morello Cherries, and Worces-
ter Apples, All these fruits were shown in first-class
order, and were deservedly admired. Mr. L. Dow's 2d
prize lot included some very fine Cellini Pippin Apples,
and Royal George and Noblesse Peaches, while in Mr,
John Brunton's 3d prize collection the Nectarines were
most conspicuous for their merit. Grapes were a
splendid show. For the best twelve bunches, Mr. E,
Kirk, Norwood, Alloa, was ist. He had two very fine
bunches of Alicante, a beautiful bunch of Lady Downe's ;
and his examples of Gros Colmar, Duke of Buccleuch,

and Alnwick SeedUng were distinguished for their size
and bloom. Mr. Mclndoe's 2d lot were fair, Mr.
Jenkins, Durham, secured the leading place in the com-
petition for eight bunches, which included splendid
Alicantes. Mr. Mclndoe, who was 2d, had some well
coloured Lady Downe's ; and in the 3d prize lot. shown
by Mr. W. Lees, Hillsborough. Co. Down, the best
bunch was of Cooper's Black. There was a good com-
petition for the prizes for the best four bunches, and some
splendid Grapes were shown. Mr. George McKinnon,
Melville Castle, who was ist, had a really magnificent
example of Gros Colmar, very good Black Hamburghs,
Alicantes, and Trebbiano, the last- mentioned being
remarkably large in the berry. To Mr. W. Lees fell
the prize for the best two bunches — Muscat and Cooper's
Black — both good examples of their kind. The prize for
two bunches of Muscat of Alexandria went to G.
Ramsay, Fordell. There was strong competitions for
one bunch of Muscat, Black Hamburgh, Alicante,
Alnwick Seedling, Gros Colmar and Lady Downe's, and
in these there were many excellent exhibits. Mr. W.
Collins, Stoney Hill, Walkerburn, had a grand bunch of
Black Alicante, remarkable alike for size of bunch and
beauty of bloom. Mr, W, Murray's bunch of Black
Hamburgh was also excellent. Of open-air fruit there
was a great quantity shown, especially of Apples and
Plums. There was a strong muster in the competition
for the best six Lord Suffields. which was decided in
favour of Mr. John Burnel, Silvertown ; as also the best-
six Stirling Castles, the prize for which went to Mr. W,
Murray, Dundee. Dessert Apples and Pears were no
less well represented.

Vegetables. — There was a double quantity of
vegetables shown to what is usually seen at Caledonian
shows. Leeks, Cauhflowers, and Potatos were particu-
larly fine, and the market gardeners' collections were most
creditable to the exhibitors. A dish of smooth-skinned
Tomatos exhibited by David Melville, gr. to the Hon.
G. G. Dalrymple Ellison, attracted some notice on
account of their size— some of them running up to ilb. in
weight.

To the nurserymen of Edinburgh the Society is always
indebted for a large part of the floral display which makes
its shows so attractive. On this occasion they were not
behind their usual promise. Messrs. Ireland & Thom-
son were placed ist, with a valuable and beautiful table
of plants, remarkable for the large number in bloom at
this season. It included a fine display of Orchids and
Nepenthes, several new Anthuria and Dracaenas ; a very
fine plant of Ficus elastica variegata, a Sphaerogyne lati-
folia — the only one in the show — and a Alocasia Thibau-
tiana, with grand large striped leaf, put into commerce
only two years ago. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons were
placed 2d ; a feature of their table was a fine display of
Lilium, and they also showed some nicely coloured
Dracaenas, fine examples of the Tree Carnation
Miss Johffe , several autumn-flowering Heaths, the
Fern-like stove plant Paullinia thahciri folia, and a
new Fern, Adiantum Victorias, resembUng farleyense.
but with a hardier constitution. Messrs. Cunningham
& Eraser had the 3d place ;'on their stand were a number
of well grown Liliums and Chrysanthemums in flower,
several plants of Tritonia aurea, with its panicles of
golden flowers ; and a good Yucca aloifolia var. Messrs.
Methven had also an attractive table, conspicuous on
which were several pretty Liliums and Pelargoniums, a
large double white Camellia plant in flower, and two or
three cut blooms of Magnolia grandiflora ; they also
showed a fine Erica Marnockiana, a finely variegated
Curculigo, and specimens of Cyperus with pretty varie-
gation ; as also a dish of the splendid seedling
Apple, Northern Dumpling, raised at Gordon Castle.
Mr. Robertson Munro, who usually has so attractive a
table of herbaceous plants in flower, was fain to content
himself at this late season with filling up gaps with
plants from under glass. He showed, however, some
pretty herbaceous Sunflowers ; and an interesting exhibit
was a pot of the new Primula obconica, which was
figured in a recent number of the Gardeners Chronicle.

Roses. — Late in the season as it was there was
capital show of Roses, though local growers had felt the
effects on their blooms of the last week's thick foggy
weather. Hugh Dickson, the famous Irish grower, was
again ist for the best thirty-six ; but in the next compe-
tition he was beat, for the first time perhaps, by a Scottish
grower — Messrs, Smith & Sons, Stranraer — who suc-
ceeded in landing the 1st prize for the best eighteen,
Messis. James Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen, were 2d for
the best thiriysix, and they had otherwise almost excellent
selection of trusses of Roses.

Dahlias and Gladioli. — Most attractive displays
of single and double Dahlias, but especially of the
former, and of Gladioli, were to be seen. Of single
DahUas Messrs. J. Lamont & Sons. Musselburgh, had
by far the best show, their stand being ablaze with
colour, and greatly admired. This firm showed forty-
eight bunches, effectively made up in the form of flat
bouquets, of different varieties of this increasingly popular
flower, all save five being their own seedlings. The
examples of the old Paragon variety were excellent, so
were the newer Volunteer. White Queen, Devotion, and
many more. Mr. A. E. Campbell, Gourock, came, as
usual, to the front with Gladioli, the spikes being large,
and the flowers of a lovely colour. He had no difliculty
in repealing his Crystal Palace and International
triumphs. Among the best spikes were those of
Tamerlane, Mabel, and Crepuscule. Mr, Jamts
Gray, Newfield, and Mr. W. Kilgour, Kincardine, also
deserve praise for the beauty and size of their Gladioli
exhibits ; the former had some magnificent spikes of the
Baroness Burdett Coutts and Horace Vernet, and the
latter of Hesperide, Gigantea, and Camillc. For double

Septkmber 20, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

377

Dahlias, pliiin and f.incy, Messrs. Cocker. Abcideen,
deservedly received the ist prijes, their blooms being
large and particularly shapely ; one of the newest tickelcd
was Mrs. Gladstone, a very line light pink. Some ol the
1st prize lots in the gardeners' classes for cut flowers
were also exceedingly pretty, though they wanted the
size of the nurserymen's exhibits.

For the best table of plants, open to g.ardeners. Mr.
Robert Grossart had a walk over, and the same exhi-
bitor had ist prizes in two of the Orchid cl.tsses. His
tst prize four included Vanda suavis. Oncidium Rogersii.
Ccelogyne Massangeana. and Sicoolabium Blumei.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— John Paterson.
Millbank. w,»s. as formerly, very successful in the cont-
pelition for six stove or greenhouse plants in flower. His
prize collection included four Cape Heaths, and examples
of Witsenia corymbosa and Slatice profusa, He was
also ist for four Cape Heaths with E. obbata, E. Irbyana.
and E. Marnockiana. Mr. Scot. Carbery Tower, got the
leading honours for ornamental foliage plants, his cuUec-
lions of Crotons and Dracxnas being particularly good.

There was a large collection of Ferns shoivn. m.my
familiar pl.mts. which must now nearly know their own
way to the show, being staged. Some fine Liliums were
exhibited for competition ; Fuchsias were large and well
flowered, and Pelargoniums were of average merit. The
bouquets were for the most part artistically got up. and
there was a good display ol Hollyhocks.

A most interesting table was that sent by Mr. I-.ind.
say, the Curator at the Royal Botanic Gardens. Edin-
burgh. It included many rare and curious plants, in-
cluding a larg and beautilul example ol the Lattice-leaf
plant of M.adagascar and thirteen difTerent sorts ol
Pitcher plants. .Among the Nepenthes was N. Masters-
lana. the pitchers of which grow to a length of 16 inches.
There were also exhibited specimens of Orthosiphon
stamineus, a labiate plant, having lilac flowers with pecu-
liar long stamens, figured in your columns ; a scarce Fern,
Davallia fijiensis major, resembling Colensoi ; a Mexican
Palm, .\sirocaryum, with curiously diversified foliage :
Slevensonia grandifolia ; and a Cycadaceous plant from
the Cape, also rare : Encephalartos horrida, with a stem
like a Pine-apple, surmounted by anumbel of glaucous
thorny leaves.

Bees. — For the first time in the history of the Society
there was a competition for bees and honey, wliich
attracted considerable attention on the pirt ot llie ladies
and children. The Society was, as usual, greatly
indebted to the Secretary. Mr. Young ; the Treasurer,
Mr. Neil Fr,iser ; and to Mr. Angus McLeod. the
Superintendent of the City Gardens, for the excellence
of the arrangements made for the show, which was
largely patronised.

The Neil Prize.— In the afternoon of Wednesday
an interesting event occurred. This was the presen-
tation to the Secretary of the Council of the Society
of the Neil Prize, which is voted every three years
to a gentleman who has conspicuously forwarded the
cause of horticulture and who in the opinion ol
the Council is deserving of having his services re-
cognised. The prize had its origin in a bequest
of /500 which was made to the Society by the
late Dr. Neil, and interest on that sum — about £^,o—'\i
awarded at the end of every triennial period, along with
a piece ol silver plate. Some distingushed botanists and
horticulturists have held this prize, including the late Mr.
]ames MacNab, the fate Mr. Sadler, both of the Botanic
Gardens; both the Thomsons, the well-known Vine
growers ; Mr. Fowles. of Fordel ; Mr. Webster. Gordon
Castle ; Mr. Isaac Henry. Mr. Young, the Secretary of
the Caledonian Horticultural Society, who has now been
honoured, filled with great acceptance to the members
and benefit to the Society the office of Secretary for the
last twenty-five years. During all that time he has
sought with assiduity to promote the advancement of
horuculture. Mr. Young is also known as a successful
rearer of several varieties of plants, notably zonal Pelar-
goniums, Carnations, and Auriculas ; and for his skill as
a culturist he has received at one lime or another fifteen
First-class Certificates. Among the members of the
Society the award will be a popular one. Communicated.

garden, a keener interest in their homes, educates, and
makes better men, husbands and fathers of them, and
ni'tre useful and staid members of society than they
would otherwise be. Tliis 1 know from lengtheneil
intercourse with and observation of them, and it would
be well lor the country if each humble citizen had a plot
to cultivate, and shows, like the one alluded to. were
multiplied a thousandfold, as they are sadly too lew. and
the artisan and cottier in many places have nothing to
rub the rust off them, or improve their standing and
self-respect, and it is not to be wondered at that llu-y
resort to the ale-house for change and companionship.

Leaving this, however, and returning to the K.ist
Samford Society, the schedule not only has a long list of
v.\rious sums offered for flowers, fruit, and vegetables,
but there are many prizes offered for needlework done
by women of sixteen years and upwards, and the same in
another class for children, which making of garments by
hand, mending. &c.. ought to be encour.iged. or in
these days o( machines the useful art may die out. The
collections of vegetables were so good that any profes-
sional gardener might have been proud of them, but the
judges in their wisdom disqualified or placed the two
best lots equal, because, as one of them contended, the
exhibitors had only eleven sorts instead of twelve, as
they had red round and white kidney Potatos. Think
of this all ye who compete at shows, and mind you don't
have black and white Grapes, or red and white Cherries
or Currants, in making up a certain number of dishes,
or you stand a chance of losing the prize you may win ;
and the same if you have French and Runner Beans.
Leeks and Onions, or perhaps, for that matter, Cauli-
flower and Cabbage. Such are the vagaries of judges
and judging, and it comes fresh to me now that last year
I competed in a class where a prize was offered lor a
collection ol eight sorts, to be chosen from twelve
n.^med ; I was shut out. although all of mine were lar
superior to any there, because I had not Potatos. and
the 2d prize went to a man who had got the whole
twelve. In adjudicating, schedules should be strictly
followed, and if they are faulty it is for the com-
mittee, or those who are connected with the
show, and responsible for drawing them up, to alter
them, and not for judges appointed for the day to have
crotchets of their own to cause disappointment and dis-
satisfaction to exhibitors, whose business it is to follow
the rules and the list, and abide by them ; but I am
digressing again from my notice. 'The Potatos shown
were of many kinds and remarkably fine and clear in the
skin, one dish of 'Vicar of Lalehara being specially note-
worthy, and the Early Rose, Snowflake. and Covent
Garden Perfection were almost equally good.

.Although the dry weather we had for so long some
time back suited the "noble tuber." it was too hot
for Cauliflowers, which the cottagers in this district
generally grow so well, priding themselves on their
Veitch's Giant, which, by dosing with Uquid manure, they
get to a great size, one being large enough for a numerous
family. Pumpkins and Vegetable Marrows are also
specialities with them, and these they let ripen, and
when cut hang them up for pies in winter. Both were
largely represented at the show, and it was gratifying to
see so many Apples. Pears, Plums, and' Damsons, and
to know that cottagers have trees, which it is to be
hoped all landlords will Jiave planted for their poor
tenants, as few can afford to buy and leave them behind
for those who come after, should they have to change
their abode. J. S.

East Samford Horticultural : Sept. 11. — This
Society embraces the whole of the eastern part of the
Samford Hundred, consisting of the parishes of Chel-
mondiston, Sholley. Erwaiton, Harkstead, Copdock,
Tattingstonc, Hoolbrook. Wherstead. Freston. and
Woolverstone. and is a cottagers' affair, pure and simple.
originated and instituted by Lord John Hervey and his
cousin, the Rector of Shotley, both of whom lake great
interest in country pursuits and the rural folk, are assidu-
ous in promoting their welfare and making the show a
success, which it is, as the exhibits each year arc larger
and more people flock to (ae/cte, and make quite a gala
day each autumn when it comes off. The plan of pro-
ceeding is to hold it in a different parish each year,
which is done through the kindness of one or other of
the Vice-Presidents offering the use of their grounds, and
sending an invitation, which the committee are only too
glad to accept, and they were indebted on this occasion
to C. K. Kortright. Esq.. the present occupier of Wher-
stead. who threw open his beautiful park and gardens,
in the former of which the exhibition was held, and as
the weather was all that could be wished, and the situa-
tion a picturesque one. owing to its close proximity to
the lovely Orwell, there was every inducement to draw
people out. That these meetings do much good among
those who come together on such occasions there cannot,
I think, be a doubt, as the competition promotes healthy
rivalry, shows what can be done in the cultivation of
flowers and vegetables, and, what is of even more import-
ance, gives to those tillers of the soil, and all who have a

several varieties of Thuicpsis. It is a first-rate col-
lection of the kind, worthy of the exhibitors, especially
as Chelsea is rather a "far cry " from Edinburgh;
but other exhibitors, such as the Lawson .Seed and
Nurseiy Company, or Messrs. Sluatt & Mein of the
Kelso Nurseries, have decorated these grounds with
much larger collections, though the individual speci-
mens may not be so valuable. Seveial firms have
brought ten times as many plants as the G jld Medal-
ills. I had thought that ornament was not the test
of merit here ; but if it be so according to the view of
ihs jurors, then the exhibitors I allude to have sent
the means of ornamenting ten times the space of
ground which couUl be coveted by Messis. Veitch's
Japanese plants— and with specimens quite as beauti-
ful as they are.

If ornament he made the lest of merit, why should
nol the prize be awarded to the collection of conifers
sent by Messrs. James Dickson & Sons of Chester?
Their large Taxus baccata Dovasloni has attained
such size and beauty as none of Messrs. Veitch's
planls have yel re.iched. The same linn exhibit a
beautiful -Vialia Sieboldi, which, with their Abies
nobilis, Thuiopsis dolabrala, Abies Parryana, and a
score of other specimens, all in large tubs, many of them
20 feet high, reflect great credit on the exhibitors.
That the jurors have committed a great mistake can
hardly be disputed. It comes to this. The Gold
Medal of Ihe Forestry Exhibition h.as been
awarded for the merit of exhibiting certain rare
plants — the rest of the collection could have been
obtained at almost all ordinary nurseiies. The
object of the Exhibition has been entirely ignored.
It is true that exhibitors at shows of this kind
must needs consider their commercial interests.
These exhibitions are supported by the shillings and
half-crowns of the public, exhibitors are bound there-
lore to do something for the gratification of public tasic,
and this has been sufficiently done by several firms who
have still been careful to give due prominence to the
main object of promoting a knowledge and taste
for forestry. Many pretty specimens to please the
public eye are conspicuous in the extensive spaces of
ground planted here by Messrs. Little & Ballantyne
of Carlisle. The Lawson Seed and Nurseiy Company
have sent from their adjoining gardens a slill larger
number of specimens ol the ornamental class. But
these firms, especially Ihe former, have entirely
realised my own idea of the object and purpose of the
Forestiy Exhibition, by sending a large representative
collection of those particular plants— the Oak, Ash,
Sycamore, the conifers and the rest — which are usually
planted, and should be much more widely planted, in
this country for profit as woods and underwoods. I
can only hope that the awards are not irrevocable.
E. H.

THE FORESTRY EXHIBITION.

Awards at the International Forestry
Exhibition.— The only Gold Medal at the disposal
of the jurors at the Forestry Exhibition has been
awarded to a collection of plants whose utility in
English forest culture is more than doubtful. This
seems to me, considering the object of the Exhibition
and the backward state of forestry in this country, a
decided " miscarriage " of common sense, and I am
not surprised to learn that the other prize winners
in this department have, under the circumstances,
protested against the award, while some of them have
declined to accept the medals which have been
awarded to them.

It is unfortunate that Messrs. Veilch, the recipients
oft he Gold Medal, were not among the jurors [How
could they be ?J since they would probably have pointed
out, what appears to have been most strangely over-
looked, that the main object of a forestry exhibition is
the encouragement of forestry. Messrs. Veitch's fine
Japanese plants comprise a most interesting collection,
and among them are undoubtedly several shrubs which
exceed in value, as articles ol merchandise, any other
specimens in the Exhibition. The central plant of
their collection is a fine example of Sciadopitys
verticillata, 12 feet high, and adjoining it is a big
shrub of Quercus cuspidata. These two plants
would perhaps cost more to purchase than any
other half-dozen specimens in the grounds of the
Forestiy Exhibition, and around them are good
examples of other introductions from Japan, such
as that handsome evergreen Olea ilicifolia, some
of the best and most graceful varieties of
Retinosporas, Pinus parviflora, Ilex aquifolium pen-
dulum, Abies polita, and A. Douglasii glauca, with

FRUIT TREES IN TURKESTAN.

M. Capus, in the last number of the Annales dcs
Scietuc! JValurelles, gives a list of the cultivated
species found in Western Thiin-Shan, lat 38°— 44° N,
at 58°— 72° east of Paris.

The Almond (Amygdalus communis) grows wild
in the mountains ol Turkestan, and is met with both
in the sweet and bitter varieties. A third variety is
mentioned, in which the stone is smooth. The wild
Ituits do not differ from the cultivated ones.

The Pistachia (Pistacia vera).

The Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca). The natives dry
the fruits in the sun.

The Bird Cherry (Prunus avium), and the common
Cherry (Prunus Cerasus), are both cultivated in the
plains, but were not met with in a wild state in the
mountains. P. chamKcerasus, on the contrary, is
common in Kohistan, and yields edible fruits.

The Plum (Prunus domestica) is cultivated at
Bokkara and Samarcand. The fruits are globose,
and largely used in a dry state.

Prunus divaricata. — This tree, which attains a height
of 12 — 15 feet, is frequent in the gorges and ravines
of the mountains of Talass to a height of 4000 feet.
There are three varieties, one with yellow fruit, one
with red, and a third with black fruits. The tree is
very productive, and the fruits, as to size, taste, and
form, are exactly like those ol the Mirabelle I'lum.
The natives collect and dry the fruits, but do not cul-
tivate the tree.

The Peach (Amygdalus persica) is grown on the
plains, but has never been found wild in the moun-
tains of Turkestan.

The Pear (Pyrus communis) is cultivated in the

378

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

plains, but does not yield good fruit. It is found wild
in the gorges of Talass and Tchotkal. The wild fruits
are small, hard, and astringent. The variety tomen-
tosa of Koch was found at an altitude of 3000 metres.

The Apple (Pyrus malus) grows abundantly in a
wild state in certain parts of Turkestan. Capus men-
tions having found two varieties quite distinct one
from the other as to the fruit. The one, which is the
P. malus 3 tomentosa of Koch, bears globular Apples
of reddish-yellow colour, striped with red, with a
short fruit-stalk, not deeply set. The flesh is firm,
reddish, and acid. The diameter is 4 centimetres.
The leaf is long, acuminate, slightly downy. It
resembles the " Pomme d'Api." The other variety
produces yellow, oval fruit, 5 centimetres and upwards
in diameter. Flesh white, mealy, gritty. The
stalk and the eye are both deeply set. This wild
Apple resembles the St. John's Apple. The flesh is
excellent, very slightly astringent or acid. These two
varieties were found at elevations of 3000—4000 feet,
and both ripen at the end of August. The inhabi-
tants of the plains cultivate a number of varieties,
two of which are of interest with reference to the
origin of the cultivated Apples. One is an elongated
yellow sweet Apple, resembling the second wild
variety just mentioned ; and the other is a red Apple,
speckled with white, and covered with a whitish
down, with the stalk not deeply set, with rose-
coloured flesh and a vapid taste.

The Walnut (Juglans regia) is found abundantly in
the ravines of the Tschotkab and Tchirtchik Moun-
tains up to an elevation of 5000 feet, although the
temperature descends in winter below — 20° C.=
4* F. The tree is cultivated in the plains for its
beauty as well as for its fruits, which supply a con-
siderable quantity of oil.

The Jujube (Zizyphus vulgaris) grows on the moun-
tains as high up as 3000 feet.

The Vine (Vitis vinifera) grows wild in the valleys
of Pskeme and Ablatoune. M. Capus mentions having
seen bunches of small rounded berries ripe in Sep-
tember. The dried Grape or Raisin is called by the
natives "Mais." In the plains the Vine is cultivated
in gardens, and attains a large size. To protect it in
winter from the intense frosts the stem is bent down
to the ground in late autumn, and covered with a
layer of dung or straw. As many as sixteen varieties
are grown at Tashkent and Bokkara, but the quality
is inferior owing to the thickness of the skin and the
deficiency of perfume. The flesh is hard and very
sweet. One variety is devoid of seed. Vitis argiro-
phylla is also wild in the valley of Fan-darja.

The black Currant (Ribes nigrum) is wild in the
valleys of Tchotkal and Ablatoune (Tchirtchik Moun-
tains). Plants growing on a dry soil attain only a
moderate height, the leaf and fruit remaining small ;
but those which grow by the water side attain a height
of 1.50 — 2 metres, and bear broad leaves and large
fruit. It is nowhere cultivated, although the inhabit-
ants collect the fruits of the wild plants.

Rye {Secale cereale). — Capushas not seen this wild
in Turkestan, but Regel, on the faith of specimens
collected by Russian collectors, mentions it as culti-
vated and half wild in Western Turkestan. The
variety j8 anatolicum is considered by Regel to be the
source of the cultivated plant.

Oafs {Avena sativa) have not been met with in a
wild state in Turkestan.

Wheat (Triticum vulgare) is cultivated, but not
known in the wild state. The varieties grown differ
according as the land is artificially irrigated or not.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is largely grown, but not
found in a wild state.

Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is largely grown, for
the sake of the oil derived from the seed, but not at
all for the sake of the fibre. It was not seen in a
wild state.

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) is generally cultivated as
a forage plant, but is only a doubtful native.

Clover {Trifolium pratense) is a common weed,
nowhere cultivated in Turkestan.

M. Capus gives the native names applied to these
plants, which may prove of value to students of the
history of plants, but which we need not reproduce
here. He also gives a long list of plants in common
cultivation, and alludes in terms of commendation to
the useful work done by the Russians in introducing
European vegetables, &c. The botanic garden of
Samarcand is mentioned with special praise for its
efforts in this direction.

Lastly, M. Capus expresses the opinion that the
mountain district between the sources of the Oxus
and those of the Indus will probably furnish more
certain indications as to the origin of certain of our
cultivated plants.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACk'HEATH, LONDOy,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, September 17, 1884.

a

Barometer

Temperature of
the Air.

Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions

from

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Edition

Wind.

J

<
X

1

Mean Reading

Kcduccd to

33° Fahr.

Depanure from

Average of

18 years.

X

i

t

s

Dew Point.

Degree of
Humidity.
Sat. = 100.

z

<

SepL
II

13

'4
IS
16
»7

In. 1 In.
30 IS +aa6
30.11 +o.aa
3001 +0,13
29 89 +0.01

29 85 —0.08

29 99-1-0 13

30.10 ' + 0.3S

1

1

30.01 +0 14

74 0
75. 0
7S.0
69.5
76.5
78.5
83.0

75 9

0
53.5

54.0
S4-5
56.3

56.0
61.0
59.5

S6.3

21*5

21.0

M-S

"■'

»o.s
■7-5
S3 -5

19.7

61.6

62.8
63.9
65.3
65.'
68.0
70.1

64.8

+ 3 8[54 3
+ S-9|54 9
4- 6.SjSS-0
-f S- 1,57 .8
+ 8.0 59 3
+ 11.1 60.5
+ 13-5606

78

i
76

84 {

8ij

77

73{

E.

E;
E.N.E.

E.

E.:
E.N.E.

E. :
E.S.E,
S.S.E.

E. :
E.N.E.

In.
0 00
o.co
0.00

0.04

a 00
0.00

Mean

+ 7-6

^

78

E.

0.04

Sept.

II. — Dense fog from early morniDg till 8.43 A M.

fine day and night.
12. — Very fine day and night.
13. — Very fine day and night.
14. — Dull day. Fine clear nipht.
15. — Very fine day and nifiht. Slight rainfall at 10.
16. — Very finr day and night.
17. — Fine day and night. Dark clouds at times

the day.

Veiy

45 KM.

during

London : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week
ending September 13, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 29.45 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.22 inches by 9 A.M.
on the 9th, decreased to 30.21 inches by 3 p.m. on the
same day, increased to 30.36 inches by 9 a.m. on the
lith, decreased to 30.27 inches by 3 p M. on the
I2th, increased to 30.28 inches by midnight on the
same day, and was 30,14 inches by the end of the
week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.18 inches, being 0.51 inch higher than last
week, and o. 10 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 75" on the 12th and 13th,
the highest on the 7th and 8th was 62°. 5. The
mean of the seven high day temperatures was 69", 7.

The lowest temperature was 51°, on the 8th; on
the 9th the lowest temperature was 57°. The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 53^.9.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
2t°.5, on the lith ; the smallest was S°.5, on the 7th.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 15**. 8.

The mean temperatures were — on the 7th, 56°.9 ; on
the Sth, 57* ; on the 9th, 62^6 ; on the loih, 60°. 7 ;
on the nth, 6i°.6 ; on the 12th, 62°.8, and on the
13th, 63°.9 ; of these the first two were below their
averages by i*.5 and i°.3 respectively, and the rest
were above by 4°.S> 2^.7, 3°.8, 5°.2, and 6°.5 re-
spectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 6o°.8, being
3" higher than last week, and 3" above the average
of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 139% on the 13th. The mean of the seven
daily readings was II4''.4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 41°, on the Sth.
The mean of the seven readings was 43''.S.

Rain. — Rain fell on the 7lh and Sth to the amount
of 0 II inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
September 13, the highest temperatures were 77*, at
Truro, 75° at Blackheath, 73° at Bristol ; the highest
at Sunderland 62°, at Bradford 67^4, at Preston 68^
The general mean was 70". 8.

The lowest temperatures were 40" at Sunderland,
42. °2 at Bradford, 46^.7 at Wolverhampton; the
lowest at Plymouth 52°. 4, at Preston 52", at Liver-
pool 5i°.7. The general mean was 48^.7.

The greatest ranges were 31° at Truro, 25^.2 at
Bradford, 24* at Blackheath and Nottingham ; the
smallest ranges were 16" at Preston, i^'.d at Ply-
mouth, 19" at Leeds. The general mean was 22°. i.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 72°.4, at Blackheath 69°.7, at
Brighton 68°. 4 ; and was lowest at Sunderland,
58^4, at Bradford 63^3, at Wolverhampton 64°.!.
The general mean was 66°. I.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Liverpool, 55°, at Brighton and Bristol

54°. 4 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton and Sunder-
land, 5o°.6, at Huir5i°.4. The general mean was
52°-9'

The mean daily range was greatest at Truro 20°,3,
at Blackheath I5°.8, at Hull I5°.2, ; and was least
at ^Sunderland, 7°.8, at Preston 10°. 3, at Bradford
11". 3. The general mean was 13°. 2.

Ttiemean temperature was highest at Truro, 60°. 9,
at Blackheath 6o°.S, at Brighton 60° ; and was
lowest at Sunderland, f53*. I, at Wolverhampton, 55°Q,
at Bradford 56°.3. The general mean was 5S°.2.

Rain. — The largest falls were 0,93 inch at
Preston, 0.76 inch at Bradford, o 66 inch at Bolton ;
the smallest falls were o.oi inch at Wolverhampton,
0^03 inch at Brighton. The general mean fall was
0.37 inch. No rain fell at Truro during the week.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing September 13 the highest temperature was 70°.6,
at Paisley, at Edinburgh and Leith 66°. The general
mean was 6S".

The lowest temperature in the week was 41°. 9 at
Aberdeen ; at Leith and Paisley the lowest tempera-
ture was 48°, 3. The general mean was 46". 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, 60°. 5,
and lowest at Dundee and Leith, 56°. 2. The general
mean was 57°. 7.

Rain. — The largest fall was I inch, at Leith, and
the smallest fall was 0.04 inch, at Edinburgh. The
general mean fall was 0.41 inch.

lAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

" He that qnestiofieth much shalt team much." — Bacon.

Althaea frutex (Hibiscus syriacus). — Why do
the flowers of these plants fall off without opening? G.
[This is to be attributed to too mucli or too little moisture
at a particular stage of growth. The structural reason
is dependent on the way in which the flowers are formed.
The flowers, although apparently single, are really pro-
duced in clusters, the topmost or most central one first.
This is the one that comes to perfection ; the others,
formed subsequently, usually wither and fall off. If the
first flower were pinched off at any early stage the stores
of nourishment made use of by it would be diverted into
the other flowers, which would then probably remain on
the shrub and expand, but would not be so large as the
solitary bloom. Ed.]

Answers to Correspondents.

Books : G. B. R. The Propagation of Cultivated
Plants, by F. W. Burbidge.

Coin of the Emperor Constantine : M. C. We
are not able to answer your question, which is not one
for a horticultural journal.

Culinary Apples and other Fruit for an East
Wall: H. M. E. Apples — Anme: Elizabeth, Bal-
chin's Fearmain, Baxter's Pearmain, Beauty of Kent,
Bedfordshire Foundling, Bess Pool. Blenheim Pippin,
Reinelte du Canada, Borsdurfer, Calville Malingre.
Pears — CatiUac and Verulam. Cherries — Werder's
Early Black, Tartarian, Governor Wood, Bigarreau
de Metzel, May Duke, Duchesse de Palluau, Black
Eagle, Florence, Buttner's Yellow, and Belle Agathe.

Ferns : T. Smith. The four distinct forms of Pteris
aquilina appear to be worthy ol cultivation, being
rather pretty additions {especially the lasselled sport)
to hardy varieties.

Fungus ; yohn Tarbay. It is a magnificent specimen of
Lycoperdon giganteum, measuring 5^ leet in circum-
ference. Had you cut it earlier, when the flesh would
have been snow-while throughout, and had it fried in
thin slices, you would have found the flavour delicious ;
as it was, it tiad partly decomposed, and was no longer
safe eating. When in good condition it is as safe as it
is deliciale in taste.

Hot-water Heating, &c. : Stucco. For heating get
Hood's Practical Treatise on Warming Buildings, of
Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London. VVe do not know
of any small work on painting, or of any general list of
publishing firms of England, although these could be
obtained Irom the large town Directories. The letter
o is short in Gladiolus, the emphasis being on /, at
least in English ; in Latin both / and 0 are short.

Malformed Abutilon : Miss Freeman, This is a
common occurrence ; the corolla was doubled, as were
also parts of the flower.

Mushrooms Diseased : R. F, H. The Mushrooms
sent are invaded by microscopic fungi, both internally
and externally. The small fungi do not belong to the
species recently described in the Gardtners' Chronicle
— they may be adverted to in this paper at greater
length shortly. One plant is a Fusisporium, with
unusually small fcotourless spores. It would appear
to be a fact — corroborated by your letter— that these
minute fungi often cause Mushrooms to be very un-
wholesome, or, indeed, poisonous. The subject has
never been worked up ; it is, however, one of many
well worthy of careful investigation. If there are many
diseased examples, the better plan would be to break
up the bed. W, G. S.

Names of Plants : Patrick Davidson. Adiantum
cuneatum, A. Lawsonianum. — A, D, Webster. Ne.

September 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Z19

phrodium MoUe corymbiferum. \V. Allan, Diclyo-
gramma japonica. — Geo. Trinder, Winkfield. I,
Laslrea tenericaulis : 2, Polystichum capense ; 3,
Stenochlaena tenuifolia ; 4, Adiantum cardiochlcena ;
5. Thamnopteris australasica ; 6, Nephrolepis pecli-
nata ; 7, Adiantum concinnum, large variety. — T,
Bcirir. Clerodendron foetidum. — ^. E. B., Nolls.
Evergreen Oak ; send better samples. — Jas. Bjckliouse
&• Son. It is a seedling variety of Ilex, the seedlings
of which species differ a great deal. — P. I. i. Matri-
caria inodora ; 2, Silene .Armeria ; 3. an Epilobium
we do not recognise ; 4, Veronica Buxbaumii ; $,
Hypericum humifusum ; 6. Chenopodium poly-
spermuni. —A. D. W. i, Pinus halepensis ; 2, the
climber is a Smilax. it is impossible to say which one ;
3. Crat.-egus coccin&a. — '/. \V. Quercus Phellos. —
L. P. &" C. Bouiisingaultia Kaselloides (Chenopodi-
aceae. Tropical America).—//. M. Sedum spurium.
—C. W. Spiranthes autumnalis. — W. J. C. Your
grass appears to be a poor specimen of Erianthus
saccharoides.— /=■. //. Damman. .-Mocasia lenningsii.
—Capt. King. Pyrus crenata (see fig. in Gardeners '
Chronicle, Jan. 3. 1874, p. 17).

New Pea: H'. G. Holmes. .\pp.arently Abundance is
a good cropping kind : the sample was too old for
us to judge .as to flavour or colour when fit fo r the
table.

F.VNSIES : W. Kerr. The flowers have substance,
regularity, and some are of great beauty, such as
Jessie Bogie ; a sulphur-yellow without name ; a claret
and purple ; and a nice flat circular bloom, gold and
claret, with a regular zone of gold round the under
petal,

Roses : J. H. B. Flowers fallen all to pieces ; in any
case we do not undertake to name Roses.

Seedling Apple : C. F. Cattell. A handsome autumn
fruit, with a small core, tender flesh, and an agreeable
flavour ; worthy of being perpetuated.

Single Dahlias : V. W. Closely resembles, if not
identical with, Lucy Ireland.

Tomato and Cucumber : t;. B. There are various
tilings you might grow during the winter months that
would be of value, viz., French Beans, Asparagus,
Seakale, Rhubarb— even Rape, Mustard, Cress, and
Mint : Tea and other Roses, Stephanotis floribundus,
Lily of the Valley from crowns, Dutch bulbs, Spiraea
japonica, and Maidenhair Fern for cutting. For a
book that is not very scientific in its language, but is at
the same time accurate, get Alfred Simpson's Artificial
Manures, published by W. Ridgway, 169, Piccadilly.

Treatise on the Carnation : Diantkus carophyllus.
Get Douglas on Florists' Flowers.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W. Bull, Chelsea— Tuberous-rooted Plants.

E. G. Henderson, Maida Vale. London— Bulbs.

Daniels Brothers, Norwich — Bulbs.

R. Cleaver, Lichfield— Bulbs.

Messrs. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee— Bulbs.

T. HORSMAH, Bradford— Bulbs, Roses, Florists' Flowers.

y. Lamont & Son, Edinburgh — Bulbs.

j. Hey & Co., Huddersfield— Bulbs.

W. Fisher, Burton-on-Trent— Bulbs, Fruit Trees, &c.

Communications Recbivsd.— W. H. Coimsell.— T. W., Har-
fo«r.— A. D. Webster.-B. S. Williams.— J. S.— A. D.—
John R. J.— T. B— W. G. S— Piens.— W. J. Murphy,—
W. H.— J. W.— W. C. L.— J. Stephenson.— Jas. Douglas.—
1 OB.— J. S.-A. D — W. C— C. W. D,— A Wanderer. —
VV. H.— J. Riches.— W. Gibson.— W. L., Glasgow— De Mar.
— Boston.- W. (ne.tt week).— J. D. H.— Prof. Boulger.- G.
R. R., we cannot tell you. probably as long as you like. — G.
L.— W. D.— W. M. G.-J. W — W. R.— T. M.-C B. P.—
C. W.— H. E.— J. F. J.— G. M.— H. E., Ryde.— T. S. W.
—Capt. King.

arkets.

COVENT GARDEN, September i8.

Supply and prices much the same as last week. James
Webber, WhoUsaU Apple Market.

Fruit.— AvKRAGK Wholbsalk Prices.

x.tL s.d.
Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40
Figs, per dozen .. 06-09
Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-63 o
Orape*. per lb. . . 06-26
Lemons, per case.. 2t o- ..

s.d. ud.

Melons, each . . 10-16

Pine-apples. Eng.,Ib. 40-50
P»aches, per doz. .. 10-80
Plums, J4-sieve .. 4 o- 9 o
Peais, French, doz. 10-19

VeGKTABLBS.— AVHRAGK RETAIL PrICHS.

*. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . . . 3 o* 4 o

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Be«t, per doz. . . 10- . .

Cabbages, per doz... 16-30

Cat rots, per bun. .. 06- ..

CauliOowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 30-40

Celery, per bundle.. 16-36

Cucumbers, each .. o 6- i o

Endive, English, per
dozen .. ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. « o 6- . .

Herbs, per buoch .. o »- o 4

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

X. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ,.
Marrows, each ..02-..
Mint, green, bunch.. 04-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt- i o- a o
Onions, per bunch . . 06- . ,

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 09-..
Peas. English, quart 16-..
Radishes, ptr dor. .. 16-..
Small saladiog, per

punnet ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 30-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun, »- o S- . .

Cut Flowers. — Avbragb Wholesalb Prices.

Abutilon, 12 bunches a
Arum Lilies, la bims. 3
Asters, 12 bunches .. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Calceolaria, lasprays o
Carnations, is buo. a
Chrysanih., la bun. 1
— large, la blooms 3
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 3
Dahlias. la bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Forget-me-not, 13

bunches .. ..3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 buuches .. 6

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria. white, 12

blooms . . . . 2

d. s. d.

0-40
0-60
0-60

Q- 1 O
4- 1 O
0-60
0-90
O- 0 o

0-40
0-60

0-80

0-60
0-60

0-30

s. d. t. d.
Lapageria, red, 12

blooms . . „. I o- 3 o

Lavender, 12 bun. .. 6 o- S o
Marguerites, la bun. 30-60
Mienonette, i3 bun. 10-40
Pelargoniums, per 12

spiays .. ..06-10

Pnmula. double, bun. i c^- i 6
Pyrelhurm, la bun. a o- 6 o
Rhodanthes, la bun. 40-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40

— (outdoor), 12 bun. a o- 6 o

— coloured, doz. . . 4 o- g o
Stephanotis 12 spr. 40-80
Stocks. 12 bunches .. 30-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-40
Sweet Sultan. 12 bun. 20-40
Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-10
While Jasmine, bun. 06-10

Plants in Pots.— Averagb Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vitx (golden),
per dozen . , . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 o-i3 o
Bouvardii, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chrysanth,, dozen .. 40-90
Cockscombs, doz. .. 36-40
Coleus, various, doz. 20-40
Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— viridis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, per

dozen .. ..9 0-18 o

Euonymus, various,

per dozen . . . . 6 o-t8 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . . ..6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 o-ib o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70

d. s. d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 3 o-io o
Fuchsias, per doz. . . 30-60
Heliotrope, doz. . . 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz, 9 o-i8 o
Lilium longiftorum,

per dozen .. 6 o-i8 o

— lancifoiium, doz. 6 0-18 o

— auratum, doz. la 0-24 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz. 30-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 0
Palms in variety,

each .. ..3 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen .. ..40-90
— scarlet, per doz .. 20-60
Petunias, per dozen 30-60
Rhodanthes, p. dozen 0-60
Solanums, dozen .. 0-15 o

PoTATOS, — Kent Regents, 80J. to loox. ; Magnums, 70J. toSoj,
per too. Trade very dulL

SEEDS.

London : Sept, 17. — The market for farm seeds to-
day ruled quiet. Trifolium meets a sowing demand at
lormer rates. Of winter Tares the offerings are falling
off ; prices keep steady. Seed Rye continues scarce and
firm. No transactions of importance are yet reported
in new Clover seeds, but quotations promise to rule low.
Considerable quantities of new Mustard have been
placed for manufacturing purposes, but, for sowing
requirements, the enquiry is small. There is no varia-
tion in Rape seed. Canary seed is also without altera-
tion, but Hemp seed is now obtainable at a considerable
reduction. Blue Peas find buyers at last week's values.
John Shaw &» Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday depression was very
decided. The supply of English Wheat was light yet
prices ruled 6d. to is. lower on the limited sales effected.
Foreign Wheats showed fully i.r. reduction on the week,
and to have made much progress a larger concession
would have been required. Flour receded 6d. to is. per
sack as compared with Monday sennight, with no dis-
position to buy at all beyond immediate requirement.
Grinding and common grades of malting Barley showed
6d. decline, and met a very restricted demand ; Maize
also was dull, round com being fully 6d. lower ; Beans
and Peas were not quotably altered in value, but the
market was flat ; in Oats prices were ^d. and 6d.
cheaper. — On Wednesday the Wheat and flour trade was
exceedingly dull, and sales were barely sufficient to stamp
quotations, but prices of both were lower to sell ; Barley
ruled quiet at barely late value ; Beans and Peas were
quiet and unchanged in value ; Maize was very dull, and
Oats rather steadier with a little more demand. — Average
prices of corn for the week ending September 13 : —
Wheat. 34J. ; Barley, 32J. jd.; Oats, igs. ^d. For
the corresponding period last year : — Wheal, 41J. 81/. ;
Barley, 33J. ; Oats, 2of. Sd.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
supplies were large, especially of meadow hay, which was
a very dull trade, and rather lower in price. Quotations :
— Prime old Clover. 95^. to ii8j. ; inferior, 6oj. to 75.1. ;
prime second cut, 90J. to 115J. ; best meadow hay, 80J.
to 96J. ; inferior, 40J. to 6y. ; and straw, 28J. to 375.
per load. — The Cumberland Market report stales that
there was a good supply, but a rather slow demand.
Quotations : — Clover, good, iooj. to iioj. ; inferior, 70J.
to 90J. ; hay, good, 8oj. toga;. ; inferior, 30;. to 70J. ;
and straw, 30J. to 36^, per load.

POTATOS.

The average prices for the week were about as follows :
— Kent and Surrey Regents, 6oj. to 655. ; Magnum
Bonums, 60;. to 70J. ; Champions. 50J. to 60s. ; York
and Lincoln Magnums, 50;. to 6oj. ; Regents, 55J. to 65J. ;
Victorias, 55;. to 60;.; Champions, 45J. to 50J. ; Cam-
bridgeshire Regents, 50J. to 6os.\ do. Magnum Bonums,
40J. to 50J. per ton ; and Champions, 45;. to 65J. per
ton. — The imports into London last week consisted of
3704 bags from Hamburg, i Bremen, and 161 bags 17
baskets from Rotterdam.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at ioi-®g to loiiJi for deUvery, and loi^ to 101} for the
account. Tuesday's figures were loij to ioi| for
both delivery and account. Wednesday's final quota-
tions were loig to loij for both delivery and account.
The closing prices of Thursday were 101 1 to loij for
delivery, and loi^ to loig for the accoimt.

BULB SEASON.

HYACINTH, CROCUS, and SPECIMEN
GLASSES of the newest and most improved
designs, in great variety.

The Trade supplied on the most moderate
terms.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., London.

DRIED FLOWERS & GRASSES.

A very large Stock of this Season's Conti-
nental and our own growth, never surpassed
for quality.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO., London.
WREATHS and CROSSES.

Every Description and Design in DRIED
FLOWERS, METAL, PORCELAIN, and
IMMORTELLES. Cases for same in great
variety.

An inspection particularly solicited.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., London.

FRENCH SECATEURS, ImprovedSprings,
made by the successors of Aubert. Also
FRENCH PRUNING and LOPPING
SHEARS, AVERRUNCATORS.

Special Prices quoted to the Trade by the
Importers,

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., London.

ELCOME'S PATENT FUMIGATOR.— A
great improvement on any yet introduced ;
rapidly emits the smoke without requiring live
coals, and will consume dry paper without fear
of flaming. Prices : —

No. I. No. 2. No. 3.

Japanned Iron .. 6s. lOs. 103. ed. each.
Galvanised.. .. 63. lis. 17s. 6d. „
Also adaptable for Burning Charcoal for
Heating Purposes.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., London.
MUSHROOM SPAWN.

The most reliable in the Market — the inost
satisfactory reports continually arriving.

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),

Office and Show Rooms, 18, FINSBUEY STREET, E.C,

and manufactory.

SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.,

Horticultural Sundries Merchants and .Manufacturers,

The Trade only supplied, on the most liberal
terms. CATALOGUES sent on the applica-
tion being accompanied by a Trade Card. An
inspection of our Autumn and Winter Stock
respectfully solicited.

38o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 18S4.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 aeainst Ked Spider, Mildew,
Tliri^ts, Gieen Fly, and oihtr B.ighi. 1 to 2 ounces to ihe
gall II of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and < rchatd-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supenicde it. Boxes, u,, 3J., and 105. f^d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet giound. Boxes, i>d. and 15. from the Trade,
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Lin iied), London.

CILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-

O fordshire; Sussex and Ktnt PEAT and LOAM of ihe be-^t
qnnhtv by trucklo^d Ion. and in sacks, at modera'e prices. —W.
bHORT, Honicultural Co.. Midhurst, Sussex —Estab i36j.

C;ARDEN requisites.— Sticks, Labels,
■ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Pricfts of
WATSON AND SCULL, qo, Lower Thames St., London, E.C

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — AH the usual
ki ds at reduced rales. Sacks and Seed B^gs, new and secoi d-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and T.flany.
'larpaulios. Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and
Twines Piice LI sT on application to J BLACKBURN and
S"NS, 4 and <;, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use-

2 yards wide. 1*4^-, and 4 yaid-. wioe, 31', per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for proteciing Fruit Trees
ai d ;h2ding Greenhouses, rrum 2%d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Clotb,

Cocoa-nut fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible pri>.es

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. Blackfriars Road, London, S E ,

Honicultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others wilh SHELVES, and Hol'ow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS.

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS,
which are Specially adapted for Heaiing Gieenhriuses, Conser-
vatories, Churchev, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halls. Warehouses. Workshops. &c.
They are the neateif, cheapest, most rfftclive, and durab'e

c/any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable {■•x their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn wiihout requiring atlention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Aivtrdedioitat the Royal Hnrticullurnl Society's Exhibition^
South Ktmington, London^ onyune 3, 1S81.

FnOHTf:LI//>T10N

CROSS SECnON

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says :—
" HE'^TING AppAKATtTS — A great number of boilers, valve?;,
S;c , were exhibited byei^ht cumpetitors, and considerable in-
tetest WIS m mifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of the different boners, The apparatus for which the Silver
Mtdal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
seiies of intersecting lubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
Init the tubes in ogee loim, in the crown of the boiler. Most
yirdeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
t pinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
Weight with the judges."

The C7(i^(/c« of June 11 says: —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was (aleen by Messrs.
Oreen & Sun for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
nnt so high. It is found to be a powerlul and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a sm^ll consumption
(iTuel.'*

De-^criptive Illu';trat<d Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for alt kinds of Healing Apparatus, and Hot-
w-tter Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest nonce.
G-dvanized Iron Cisterns, fiom 4a. to ij. td. per gallon.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,

10 be the most tcono*ntcalof fuel, the jnost poiver/ul, theiitnf>lesi,

and ih^ cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., AIRDRIE. N.B.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS

Can be seen in action Tuesdays. Thursdays, and Saturdays, in

BEANE & COS "GEM" CONSERVATORY,

Close to the Panorama in the grounds of the

CRYSTAL PALACE

Price, as ergivu^ with V iler, rpen feed =-y[hon, 12 ft of

4 inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, ^4 4-I'
Delivered free to any Station. Discount (or cash.

This is the simp'est, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, ihe
front 01, ly being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whule of the heat from the boiler iiself is utilised.

It bums over 12 hiurs without atten[ion at a nominal cost.

"Loughborough" Boilers to heat up lo 650 ft. of 4in. pipe,
with hot -water piije, joints. S:c- . always in stock,
COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICA'UON.

The measurement of Greenhi^use being given, every appatatus
is deliveied wiih pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with (ull particulars, post-free.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers,

LONDON BRIDGE.

46, King William
Street. E.G.

''THE "LANKESTER"
-L B

HOT -WATER

BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy r f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we

are acquainted.

\i35^^

Price of Boiler
y Heat of and *set of

^°S- ^.in. Pipe. Fittings.
A, 19 in. 150 feet £^s 'o o

B,

22 ID.

3°o ..

6

'5

C.

24 in.

400 „

S

S

u.

26 in.

500 .1

9

10

K,

23 in.

600 ,,

10

'■i

K,

12

■;

G.

36 in.

850 ,,

13

15

H

42 in.

1000 ,,

IS

10

1,

4S in.

1250 „

17

s

1.

54 in.

i6c.o „

19

10

K

60 in.

2000 1,

22

10

* Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c

Says a Gardener of great experience '.—" \t is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best fnr keeping in at nighi that I know. It burns
anvthing." " It will become a universal favourite "

Out of a greit number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complamed of. It will last out three wronght-iron Boileis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plaie complete, aid
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in ihe end or side
wall of conservatory by ary bricklayer: the
funnel running up just outside the glds-. It can
be applied alniust everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of us name. Price com-
plete. 50 feet size, £,», 15 ; loofeet size. £,1 154.

If theque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required,

LANKESTER & SONS.
Hortlciiltural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of ihe Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
fnr Heatine Dwelline Houses and C"h\irches sent on apolicatinn.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. yi. each ;
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 4J. dd. each.

The Original and only Genuine iStevens'
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and Reduced In Price.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS.

High fhiality. Lar^ett Stock in thf Country.
4-irirh Pipes. IJ. td. per yard.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle,

Staffordshire. Thit Advertisement appears alternate weeks.

20x15
20.- 16

7 22 X 16 -^5. ;n^/;^
24x16 C-fji^y^
' 20x18 I > 1

r 22Xl8jj

24 X 18 B

21-OZ- Fureign of the -^b iv^- sizes, in 100 and 2co feet boxes,
3(is ai d 4lhs qualities. a!ua>s kept m stock.

A larpe stuck of similar current sizes ol 15-02- glass in
200 feet boxes.

Fropagaung and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. John's Street, West Smltlifleld, London, EC.

Stock List an-t Prices on apt>li£atton Qnctib Chronicle.

Kosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
Are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they bar-
hour no Slugs or insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequfcnily being much cheaper.
GARDb.N VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c, in Artificial Sione,
very diiraLiIe aid of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. RtfSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper GrouDd
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; Kmg's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Desii,ns, wuh Prices, scot for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses al^^ve.

s

I L V E R SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railwav Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK HURKS lor Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO —Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount 10 the Trade

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.}

\

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is lully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced uowards of thirty year-, ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, noiwiihsianding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Wind--oi Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hnndreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flatieruig testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at ts. bd. per sallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. %a. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial,

" Fierceficld Park, June 21. 1876.— Siis— I have this day
forw.\rdcd from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Su-s, yours rc-
specifuHv. Wm. Cox." .

CAU riON —WwA. A Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of ihe large estates in the kingdom for upw-irds of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and ihe numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask IS legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which nine is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., s^nt free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. StaffordGhiro ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, Loodoo, E.C; and 196, St. Vinconl
Street, Glasgow.

FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at %d. and grf. per lb., 28 lb. i8j. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manutacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

September 20, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

381

CABSQN'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15.000 OF THB NOBILITV, GhnTkY. AND ClhBGV.

Is extenslvelv used for all kinds of

OTJTDOOB WOKK, COWSEKVATORIES,

Qreenhouses, Frames

CAN BH LMD ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Cwt., ami Oil Alixlitrt; Free to all Sliilioiis.
Pricts, r.tttcrns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C A R S O N S

LA DELLE SAUVAOF. YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON. E.C ;

B.\CHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUF, KELFAST.

Discount for Cash.

IRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,

Rockeries, and Oniamenlal Work in G-irdens and Con-
servatories, supplied tn Nurserymen and Seedsman by

WIIHAM RANKIN and SONS, lo. Cathon Place,
GlasEow : and at Lisbon, Portugal.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES. &c.

Can be obtained iu all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 30 in. by
lain., aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-0/.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and loo-fi. cases.

Under tbe Patronage of tne Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ol a While Metal, with raisko

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardetters' Magaztnf says : — *' We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

HORTICDLTUKAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS, 350.

—1 n

o
a:

H

q

o

r if
O o

a w
o »
z ■^

B >
>

D
o

O

_ _^ tn

HOT-WATER APPAKATUS for WAKMINU CHUROHtS, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION^

W. C. SMITH & CO,,

VICTORIA WORKS,

BDBY 8T. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses,

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Branches.
CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS Free.

PLANT PROTECTORS, CUCUMBER atd MELON FRAMES, always in stock.
Horticultural Buildings of every description in lion or Wood.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR RON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's inexpensive Growing

Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summer-houses, &c.

Illustrations, full particulars, and Prices, Post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONDON OFFICE : - MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

PRACTICAL HORTICULTURAL and HEATING
ENlUNEEUS. and Manufacturers of Every Class of IIUILD-
INGS, MARKET GROWINO HOUSES, PLANT and
MELON FRAMES, &c., from .£1 i(is. Apply for Price LIST.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.O.

W H LASCELLES and CO will give Estimates for
e»ery description of HORl'ICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Lunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Liats of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardenei's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of HoitlcuUuial
Buildings.

Price Liit on a'fUcotion to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

J. BRUNBLL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, 8.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES

in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
with Pricts, Pott'/ree,

382

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septsmber 20, 1S84.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged as tiuo,

4 Lines .. ..;Co 3 o 15 Lines .. ..£086

5 , o 3 6 16 ,, -. ..090

6 , o 4 o 17 ,, .. ..096

7 , o 4 6 I 18 ,, .. .. o 10 o

8 ,, .. .. o 5 o I 19 „ .. •- o 10 6

9 , o s 6 I 20 o ir o

10 , o 6 o I 21 on 6

11 „ .. .,066 22 „ .. .. o 12 o

12 ., .. .. o 7 o j 23 „ .. .. o 12 6

13 „ .. .. o 7 6 I 24 ,, .. .. o 13 o
14 o 8 o ! 25 ,. .. . o 13 6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL LINE.

I( set across columns, the lowest charge will be 301.

Page JC9 o o

Half Page 500

Coluain .. . . .. ■ • 3 5 o

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words \s. dd., and 6d. for every additional line
(about Q words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BH PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against Jiaving Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
alt Letters so addressed are opened by the auttwrities ana
returned to tfte sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current -week must reach the Office
bv Thursday noon.

AH Subscriptions payable in advance.

The United Kingdom ; 12 Months, £^1 3^. lod. ; 6 Months,

\is. lid. ; 3 Months, 6f.
Foreign (excepting India and China) : including Postage,

£1 6s. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURV LANE,

W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
ia England, ready glazed and painted ; —

6 feet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,. ,, 4 15°

6 feet long, 5 feet wide. ,, ,, •« 3 ^5 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, .. _ .1 6 10 o

The glass is nailed and puttied in.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

'TCLi'cSSHeUSES&WEATmG.

BW'WA^i^mm

IIGHCA'i'E ROAD .LONDON.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly ApMs, Green and Black Fly. Lice,

Eed Spider, Thrtps. Mealy-Bug. Caterpillars,

Ants, Worms, &c.

FIR TREE OIL

INSECTICIDE (j^^^)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. 1 hickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Biids. Sold
by Stedsmen and Chemists, 15. 6^ , 2s, 6d., and 4s. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. 12s. 6d., or less in larger quantities. Per post 3^. extra.
A irealise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manclieater.

Wholesale:— HUOPER&CO.; CORRY, SOPER. FOWLER

AND LO.; C. E. OSMAN and CO ; and frgm all the London

Se«d Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

New York :-ROLKER and SONS.

HUGHES'

WAPHICIDE

Enables the

operator to

apply the

Insecticide

underneath

the leaves, the

' superfluous liquid

falling on the upper

surface Tvhile descending

One to four teaspoonsful of
the Fir Tree Oil to a pint of soft
water will answer for all insects
on plants. For further directions
see label on bottle.

£, GHIFFITHS HUGHES. Operative Chemist,
VICTOEIA STEEET. MAUCHESTER.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. Karqnhar. Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildincs, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London. E.G.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samoles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Sastern Corridor Annexe.

Gentlemen having Waste or TTnprofitable
Land

SHOULD APPLY FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

TO

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS.

With 143 Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo. 4*. 6d.

DISEASES of FIELD and GARDEN
CROPS. Chiefly such as are caus'd by Fung!. By
Worth ingtonG. Smith, F. L S., M.A.L.&c With 14 ^ New
illustrations, Drawn and Engraved from Nature by the Author.
MACMILLAN and CO., London.

Works for the Possessors of Gardens.

HIGH CL.A.SS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earlev. Author of " How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown
Svo, with Coloured Frontis ce. Price 4^. 6a.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens o(
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price js.

ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price u.

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earlhy. Price ir. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS,
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Eaklrv. Price is. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW amd CO., Bouv«rie
Street, £.C.

The Official Report

Of the Committee of the National Apple Congress held at
Chiswick in October, 1883,

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY will issue, in or about OCTOBER NEXT,
a full report of the above, compiled by Mr. A. F. Barron, Super-
intendent of the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens and
Secretary of the Committee. Edited by the Rev. George
Henslow, M.A.. F.LS.. F.G.S. It will be in book form.
octavo size, and contain about aco pages, embrac.ng : —

1. A General Report on the whole of the exhibiis —

arranged in ten separate groups or divisions, accord-
ing to district— including the observations of the
Committee, with cultural and other details by the
several Exhibitors, &c.

2. Tabulated Lists of Selected Varieties of Apples for e: ch

separate district, &c.

3. A Desctiplive Catalogue with classification of the

whole of the varieties exhibited, numbering over 20- o.

It is proposed to admit a limited number of first- cl.s»

ADVERTISEMENTS, and as a latge sale is anticipated it

win be a specially valuable medium for Fruit and Seed Growers,

Florists, Horticulturists, Garden Implement Makers, &c.

Advenisements will be inserted in all issues at the one price.
The Scale ot Charges will be as follows : —

Back Page ^10 10 o

Covers and Special Positions — Page .. S so

Ditto ditto Half-page 330

Ordinary Pages 330

,, Half-pages .. .. .. .. i 15 o

All applications for Advertisement Spaces should be made at
once (as the space Is limited) to ADAMS and FRANCIS
(Advertisement Agents to ihe Royal Horticultural Society), 59,
Fleet Street, London, E.C.

BelglaiL

BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAi-
CHERE. Amonthly horticultural work, withsuperb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burvr-
NiCH. F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hullk,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, los. per annum.

H. I. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Mid/and Countres
Hera id ORice, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Htraia
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

PARTNER REQUIRED in a First-class
Florist's Business 10 miles from town— a Gentleman with
capital to assist advertiser in further extending the same. There
are at present several hundred feet lun of Glass Houses, filled
with a choice Collection of Plants.— PARTNER, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— *''ull particulars on application to A, B,, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office. 41, Wellington >treet, Strand. London, W.C.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a HEAD

WORKING GARDENER, by a Gentleman in the
neighbourhood of London ; a steady married man without
family. Must thoroughly understand Vines. Fruit. Flowers and
Kitchen Garden. Age not under 35. — Apply by letter, stating
wages, &c..to S. E., Everett & Son, Royal Exchange, E.C.

Head Working Gardener, where two others are kept

WANTED, in the neighbourhood of Syden-
ham, an industrious and reliable MAN, experienced in
Stove and Greenhouse Culture and General Management of a
Garden. Good personal character indispensable — Address,
with particulars of previous engagements, age, and wages re-
quired. B. C, Mr. Z. Morley, Station, Forest Hill, S.E.

ANTED, an experienced GARDENER,

to take charge of Town Garden with Orchard' houses,
Greenhouses. Vinery, &c. — Apply by letter, to N. F, Messi>.
Pawsey & Hayes, Ipswich.

WANTED, a GROOM and GARDENER,
for the country. Wages £1 per week, with house
and garden. Help given in stable. Must have good general
knowledge ot both duties, and be able to diive. Only men of
first-class character need apply. — Address by letter, giving full
particulars and enclosing copy of testimonials, F, ARBUTH-
NOT, May's, 159, Piccadilly, London, W.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, by an old-

established Firm, an OUTDOOR FOREMAN, cap-
able of taking charge of Branch Nursery. Must be th-: roughly
well experienced and trustworthy with undeniable character
from last pla^e and of good address. Wages to cammence
23J. per week, in addition to value of cottage, about 4r. per weelt,
and chance of advance if proving satisfactory. Age preferred,
25 to 35. married, without children. — W. BAILEY, South-
bourne Winter Garden, near Bournemouth.

ANTED, an INDOOR PROPAGATOR,

thoroughly up to producing Hardwpoded and othrr
Stove and Greenhouse Plants,— Apply, stating where previi»usly
employed, age. and wages expected. &c., to INDOUR PRO-
PAGATOR. (;ar<a'^wrj'CAri>«/W«- Office, 41, Wellington Street
Strand. W.C.

WANTED, a MAN who has a thorough
knowledge of Planting, Laying-out Grounds, fiom
Plans or otherwise, and any other matter connected wiih such-
like works. — Apply by letter only, stating experience, &c.,
JOHN MACLEAN, 2. Halsey Street, Chehe.-i. S.W.

ANTED, AT ONCE, a young MAN,

used to Pelargonium Growing and other Stuff for
Market.— Apply, forwarding copies of testimonials, to Mr.
CHARLES B. MANSFIELD, Llys-onen Gardens, near St.
Clears, Carmarthenshire.

WANTED, a strong active young MAN,
for Nailing and Pruning Fruit Trees, and General
Garden Work; not under i3 years of age. Wages, 15*. per
week and Bothy.— H. LINDSEV, Uuotroyde Garduf.
Buroley. . J -- n

September so, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

383

WANTED, a strong active youth as
IMPROVER, inside and oul ; English. Wages laj.
per weelc. vegetables, milk, and b^thy. — W, BUGGINS, The
Gardens, Woodlands Caslle, Clonsilla, Dublin,

Seed Trade.

WANTED, IMiMEDIATELY, a thoroughly
capable man, with large experience, as H tAD
SHOPMAN for an extensive bus ness. The highest references
needful. — Address, stating age, qualificaiions, salary expected,
and all particulars. P. L., Nulling & Sons. 60, Barbican, E.G.

WANTED, in the office of a large Nursery,
a MAN of experience, whose duties would mostly be
in the Order Department, and in attending Customers. — Full
particulars as to experience, wages required. &c., to D. E. F.,
Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 15?, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, a NURSERY INDOOR
ASSIS rANT in Pottine and General Nursery Work.
Wages about i6r. per week.— G. & W. YATES, Nurseries,
Heaton Norris, near Manchester.

WANTED, a young MAN to attend Covent
Garden Flower Market as SALESMAN, and to make
himself useful in the Nursery. — Apply, with full particulais, to
WM. NORTH AND SON, Manor Lane Nursery, Lee, S. E.

WANTED, to place a YOUTH (age i6) in
a good Seed House, for improvement. — Has had some
knowledge of the busine-s at home. —Reply, slating terms, to
R. S. T., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152. Houndsditch, London, E.

Seed Corn and Manure Trade.

WANTED, a young MAN, strong and
active, for Warehouse. — Mr, G,, John Forester,
Girdon Street, Glasgow.

WANT PLACES.

*it* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
■with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Af;ent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be uttknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requirine any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different opacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILlFt', to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

I C H ARD SMITH and CO.

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gendeman with
particuUrs, &C. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number ot SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ,£50 to ;^ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to suoply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, no family ;
thoroughly experienced. Wife can attend to Lndge
Gate or assist in House if required. — F. MOORE, 39, Fleet
Street, Rosehill, Derby.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— A Lady

can confidently recommend her Head Gardener for a
position where the services of a thoroughly competent man are
required. Six years" character.— Mrs. FLETCHER, Holy-
well Park, near Wroiham, Kent.

GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept, — Age 28, married, no family ; good practical
experience in the general routine in all its branches. Good
character. Wife can assist in house if required. — H, MAY,
Goaters Road, Ascot, Berks.

TTaRDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;

V_J thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession.
The last seven years Gardener to Lord ColendEC, from whom
he can be highly recommended.— J. W. SEDGLEY, Heaths
Court Gardens, Ottery St. Mary. Devon.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, no incum-
brances : thoroughly experienced in all branches,
is open for re-engagement this Michaelmas. Ten years' good
character from place now leaving. — S. TUCK, Baldock Street,
Royston, Herts.

GARDENER (Head), Fineshade Abbey,
Stamford, highly recommended bv his Employer, is
open for an engagement where a first-class Gardener is required
to produce Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables in quantity and of
the finest quality all the year round ; also the Working and
Keeping of Large Gardens econoimcally and weU. — Address
as above.

ARDENER (He.\d) ; age 42, no encum-

brance.— H. Hunt, Gardener to Sir G. R. Prescott.
Bart., is at liberty to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman
requiring the services of a good practical Gardener ; twent> -
four years' experience in all branches of the profession. Good
character. — H. HUNT, The Gardens, Isenhurst, Cross-in-
Hand, Hawkburst,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of
Gardenmg. Six years' good character, — W. "T., xq. Nighting-ile
Road. Bromley, Kent.

GARDENER (He.\D Working).— Age 35,
married, no family : twenty years' practicil experience
in all branches of the profession. Good references. — G. C,
35, Alma Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 41,
married, no children ; twenty six years* experience in
Gardening. Wife willing to be useful. Good character given.

— W. B., Everlcigh, East Barnct, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40 ;
eight years' good references. Experienced in Vines,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and all branches of Gardening.
Wife can Manage Dairy. — W. W., 41. Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C

GARDENER (He.-vd Working).— Age 46,
married, one son (age 12); well versed in Early and
Late Forcing, and the general requirements of a large establish-
ment First-class reference. — Mr. SURMAN, Brixworth,
Northampton,

/ :j.ARDENER (HiCAD WORKING), where two

Vj or more are kept). — Well accustomed to Vines, Stove
Plants, Ferns. Orchids and Kitchen and Flower Garden. Been
six years and four months in present situation. Good character.

— H. MAPFLEBECK, Wmterion, Brigg, Lincolnshire.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 33.—
H. W. Wakd, Gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Longford
Castle, Salisbury, will have great pleasure in recommending a
thoroughly practical and energetic man as above, to any lady or
gentlem.in requirirg an all-iound good gardener, and a highly
respectable man. Sixteen years" experience, eight years as head.

GARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
DENER and BAILIFF. -Age 46 ; Wife a good Plain
Cook if required ; no incumbrance. Highly lespeciable and
trustworthy ; well experienced in all branches. Excellent
character Irom present and previous employers ; has been
Gaidener and General Manager for twenty vears iu good estab-
lishments. — W. G.. Smith's Bookstall, Bletchley Station. Bucks.

/■IIARDENERT (He.\d), or GARDENER and

V>* BAILIFF. - ,;C5 b^nus will be given to any Nurseryman
or Gardener who can place advertiser in a first-class permanent
situation ; Nobleman's or Gentleman's family preferred. Un-
exceptional Jreferences. — H. G., Post-office, Wetwood, Eccles-
hall, Statfordshire.

ARDENER (HEAD, or good Single-

handed). — Age 38, married ; experienced in all branches,
Forcing Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, &c. Good character. —
B. B., Whitl-ry Road, Rye Common, Hoddesdon, Herts.

/':j.ARDENER (Single-handed).- Age 28 ;

vJ married, one child ; experienced in all branches. Four
years' good character from last place. — T. R., Nursery Cottages,
Sidcup, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed) ; age 35,
married. — Mrs. Sherwood wishes to recommend her
Gardener as above. Has lived in her family five years. —
Putnev P^rk Avenue. Roehimpton.

GARDENER (Single-HANDED, or where
one is kept). — Single : fifteen years' experience m
Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
and Orchids. Two years' excellent character from last place. —
E. BUCKETT. Sarisbury Green, near Southampton.

GARDENER (SECOND), where five or more
are kept. — Age 21, single ; six years' experience. Good
character.— W. GRIFFITHS, Ayot St. Lawrence, Welwyn,
Herts.

GARDENER (SECOND), or as FLOWER
and KITCHEN GARDENER.-Age a8 : goodiefer-
ences. Please state wages. Country preferred. — R. E., 408,
Kennington Road. S E.

ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEY-

MAN, in the Houses. — Age 23; can be highly recom-
mended. Two and a halt years in last place. Total abstainer.
— F. W, JULYAN. Ashton. near Oundle, Northamptonshire.

/^ARDENER (UNDER), or IMPROVER,

V^ where two or more are kept. Good character. — C. Y.,
48, Handcroft Road, Croydon, Surrey.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 25 ; understands Cucumbers, Melons, Vines, Pines,
Peaches. Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— Mr. G. H. GREEN,
Gardener, Enville Hall. Stourbridge, Staffordshire, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 26; ten
years' practical experience in the Propagating and
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches,
Melons. Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references.- -A. W., Munn,
Stationer, Elgin Road, MaidaVale, N.W.

FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
lishment, where everything is well carried out. — Age 25 :
twelve years' experience in good establishments. Can be well
recommended by present and previous employers. Three years
as Foreman. — A. P., The Gardens, Byfleet Lodge, Weybridge,
Surrey.

OREMAN GROWER li^d PROPA-

GATOR of Roses. Fruit. Flowers, Forcing Roots. Bulbs,
and Plants for Cut Bloom and Market. — Single. Many years'
practice and character. — W, , Kempton's, Tudeley, Ton-
bridee, Kent.

ENERAL NURSERY FOREMAN or

ROSE-GROWER. — Age 30, married ; sixteen years'
experience in the first houses in the irade. Eight years in last
pbce.— C J. DUCK, 62, Devonshire Place. Han^ bridge. Chester.

PROPAGATOR. — Age 22 ; five years' experi-
ence in the Propagation of Ro^es, Fruit Trees, Conifera;,
Rhododendrons, &c. Good references. — T. RIGG, 10, London
Road Terrace, Carlisle.

PROPAGATOR (Outdoor), Nursery.—
Young man. five years' experience, desiresla change for
improvement. Can be well recommended. — T, R.» Clark Bros.
& Co., Nurserymen, Carlisle.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, where
Plants and Cut Flowers aie required in large quantities.
Good references. — C W., Mr. J. Law, Baynton Terrace,
Edinburgh.

OURNEYMAN (First), in a large establish-

J

gl.^ss.-Age 23; good references.— HEAD GARDENER,
Winkburn, Southwell. Notis^

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in

fJ a good establishment. — Age 23; can be well recom-
mended ; two and a half vears in present situation, — E. KIRBY,
The Gardens, Orion Hall, Peteibjrough.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19 ;
three years and a half good chiracterfrom last sitmtioo. —
R. ERADSHAW, Tansor. near Oundle. Northamptonshire.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—

^J Age 24 ; good character. Bothy prelerred. — W. A.,
The Gardens, Brownsea Island, Poole. Dorset.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
inside or out : age 53 — Mr D. Melvili.k, St. Vincents,
Grantham, can confidently recommend a man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, Indoors preferred. —Age
19 ; six years in Flower and Kitchen Garden. One year's
good character.— A. B., East Ashling, Chichester, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a good
eitablishment.— Age 23; good character from last and
previous places. Bothy prelerred. — J. LEE, Nun Monktoa,
near York.

JOURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses,
in a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 18.— J. B.,
64, Mount Street, Spring Gardens, Reading.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted as
FiKST or Second, in a Nursery. — Age 30; experienced
in Raising Ferns and Palms from Seed, and General Covent
Garden Market Work. First-class references. — S. DENbON,
69, Rolt Street, Lower Road, Deptford, S. E.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden, under
a Foreman — Age 19 ; bothy preteired. Three years' good
character.— W. LAMONT, The Lodge, Cosham, Hants.

IMPROVER in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
Garden. — Age 19 ; four and a half years at Gardening.
Good relerences. — F. D. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41. Wellington Street, W.C. '

IMPROVER, in the Houses in a good
establishment. — Age 17 ; two and a half years in
present situation. Willing tu pay a Premium. — H. PERRY,
Alfred Smets, Gardener, Wollescote House, Stourbridge.

IMPROVER, under a good Foreman ; age
19 — Mr. GoDFKEV can with confidence recomuiend a
young man as above. Good knowledge of indoor work. Bothy
preferred. Total abstainer.— The Gardens, Poylc Manor,
Colnbrook, Slough.

To GARDENERS.— H. W. Ward, Long-
ford Castle, Salisbury, would be pleased to recomraei d
a deserving youth (age 17), who has been two years in the
houses here, to any Gardener requiring a sharp hard-woiking lad.

To GROWERS of PLANTS and FRUIT
in general for Market. — The Advertiser (,ige 37), a
thoroughly practical man, is open lor an engagement ; can also
undertake the Erecting and Heating of Houses for the above
purposes. References of the highest for ability, &c. — A. B.,
Messrs. Cutbush & Son, Barnet, Herts.

SHOPMAN. • — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abilities. —
T. H., 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 30;
several years' experience. Thorough knowledge of barm
and Garden Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Knows Plants.— A. M., ji,
Black Street, tff Parliamentary Road, Glasgow.

BOOK-KEEPER, CASHIER, or CON-
FIDENTIAL CLERK.— Young ; good experience.
Excellent leference. — A. B., Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester.

BOOK-KEEPER, or ASSISTANT SHOP-
MAN. — Age i4 ; total ab>tainer. — For particulars
apply to J. H. D., 15, Branscombe Street. LewLiham, S.E.

Town or Country.

TO SEED TRADE.— Wanted by a respect-
able man (age 42). with ten years' experience in the London
Trade, a situation in Warehouse. Strong, active, and obligiog.
Fair education. Good references. — R. LANKSHRAR, iS,
Tenement, Street's Buildings, Essex Street, London, S.E.

TO FLORISTS and NURSERYMEN.—
Warned, by a youth (18), a situation with Florist or
Nurseryman, where a small salary would be given to commence
with and a good opportunity of promotion. Only betn out
three months. — CHARLES WALL, Aldborough, Borobridge,
near York. _^

ARDEN LABOURER, or COWMAN.—

M iddle-aged , married, one boy. Wife understands
Laundry and Dairy. '1 hree years good character. State wages
given. — E. KING. 20, St. Stephen's Road, Lewiskam, Loudon.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
Diseases of the Bowels —A remedy, which has been
tested and proved in a thousand different ways, capable of
eraoicating poisonous taints from ulcers and healing them up,
merits a trul of its capacity for ex'rdcling the internal corrup-
tions from the bowels. On rubbing Holloway 's Ointment
repeatedly on the abdomen, a rash appears, and as it thickens
the aivine irritability subsides. Acting as a derivative, this
Ointmeni draws to the surface, releases the tender intestines
from all acrid matters, and prevents inflammation, dysentery,
and piles, for which blistering was the old-fashioned, though
successful treatment, now from its painfulness fallen into dis-
use, the discovery of this Ointment having proclaimed a remedy
poss«ssing equally derivative, yet perfectly painless, powers.

384

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 20, 1884.

CARSON'S

PAINT.

PATRONISED BY

HER MAJESTY the QUEEN. H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES. H.R.H. the DUKE of EDINBURGH

The British Government. The Indian Government. The Colonial Governments. 15,000 cf the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.

IS EXTENSIVELY USED FOR ALL KINDS OF

1 Cwt. and OU Mixture
Carriage Free.

Discount for Caab.

OUTDOOR ^VORK.

IT IS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO

WOOD, IRON, BRiCK, STONE and COMPO, CONSERVATORIES. GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, &c.

SOLD IN ALL COLOURS. PRICES, PATTERNS, and TESTIMONIALS FREE.

WALTER CARSON & SONS,

LA. BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G.; BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

The

Thames Bank Iron Company,

S.E.,

UPPER

GROUND STREET, LONDON,

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

Gold

and

Sliver

Medala

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22. 1883.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\tJi edition, price \s.

Price List on application Free.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or |
the Materials supplied.

*** See Gardemrs' Chronicle, June 7,

BMIfliiBlDKi Ilea dH IHiyi!Mliilfli

Section of a Rafter belore and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require ito
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WIIH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Seciton of a U'tniioiv Sash-Bcir before and
after Glazing.

Write for Proapectus. niustratlone,

and Testimonials.

GROVEE. & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
KRECTED and HEATED.

iiix-iilNGER & CO.S GREENHOUSES are conatruciett bo as to obialn, wiin me leaui oDauuction lo llgnt aua uuu, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Medals awarded to MeBsenger <& Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.

IHuslrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. &» Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOT^,OTTGH.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3id.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertiseinents and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Pnnted by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Pubhshed by
the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, WellinEton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — SATURnAV. September 30, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hsvwooo. Agents lor Scotland— Messrs. J. Minzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glugow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CfitaiJlisijetJ I84i.

No. 561.— Vol. XXI I. {series.} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884. (

Registered at the General \ Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. [POST-FREE, si</.

CONTENTS.

American e.\ hi bit ion .. 40a

Anderson-Henry, Isaac . 400

Blackberries .. .. 407

Hooks . . .. - . 403

Bournem^tuih and its

gardens . . . . . . 404

Broadlands .. .. 341

Calanihe dipteryx .. 31*4
Catileya maxima aphle-

bia 394

Celery maggot .. .. 406
Chrysanthemums, Middle

Temple, the .. 400

„ sSpw at Hull .. 400

Cork Oak 400

Costus igneus .. .. 401
Cyclamen hederae'blium

with while flowers .. 406
Dendrobium Phaljenop-

sis 39^

Dittany . . .. .. 397

Erica a;mnla . . . . 39^

Ksse.x FieUl Ciub .. 402

Ferns in baskets .. .. 39s

Flowers in season .. 30=;

Flower-p-)l, Cruie's .. 4o5

Fruits under glass .. 39g

Fungus Oil ensilage .. 405

GaUonia cla-rata . . . . 401

Gardening at railway

stations . . . . . . 400

Gladiolus, The Biide .. 402

Glass screens, Monro's.. 394
Greenhouse climbeis,

yellow-flowered . . 403

Hyacinths, how to grow 407

Hybrids, fertility of . . 394

Koelreuteria paniculata .
Uak Lodge

Odontoglossum vexillari-
um Lawrencia-
num

„ Pescitorei ..
Odontospermum mariti*

mum
Oncidium aurarium

,, Limminghei
Orchid notes

,, pruning
Orchids, Mr. Graham's..
P*a crop of 1884 ..
Pear orch.-\rd in Jersey..
Phala;nopsis Reichen-

bachiana
Plants and ih-ir culture .
Plants, new garden
Propagator, the ..
Raspberries, American..
Roses for autumn bloom-
ing

Roscry, the
Rubus chamxmorus
Schizjphyllum commune
Societies, reports of: —

Cheltenham Horticul-
tural ..

Massachusetts Horti-
culiural

Royal Horticultural . .
Sweet Brier
Transplanting fruit and

evergreen trees
Wheat crop of 18S4
Weather, the

401

403

396
396

392
394

394
396
395
402
407
395

396
3Q9
394
398
404

39^
196
406
405

409
408
406

407

394

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Erica jemula 397

Oak Lodge, Kensington.. .. .. .. .. .. 401

Odontospermum maritimum . . . . . . . . . • 393

Schizophyllum commune . . . . . . . . . • 405

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

Now Ready, In oloth, 163.,
'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

1 Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884-

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

fPHE

CRYSTAL PALACE.
—HARDY FRUIT SHOW. OCTOBER 7 to 11 (in-
clusive). For Schedules apply to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden
Superintendent, Crystal Palace, S E.

N.B. A Cup is oflTered by Messrs. Northard & Co., 20.
Toolcy Street, London, for the best exhibition of American and
Nova ^'cotian Apples, the Crystal Palace Company adding ^^3
to the Cup as a 1st prize, and E'ving C^ and Ci as 2d and
3d prizes.

ELEVENTH GRAND INTER-
NATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held
at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. S.E., on OCTODER 8. 9, 10,
when upwards of ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS
will be awarded in prizes. Entries close on September 29,
For particulars apply to

P. McKlNLAY. Croydon Road Anerley, S.E.

U L L and E A S T RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW will be held in
the Public Room;, J irrat Street, Hull, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY. November 20 and 2t. Handsome Prizes will be
offered in the Open Classes to attract growers from a distance.
Schedules may be had on application to

R. FALCONE?, JAMESON, 1 Hon.
WILLIAM HAWKSWORTH, J Sees.
Queen's Doclc, Hull.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.

GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION will be
held in St. George's Hall, on TUESDAY and \VEDNESDAY,
November 25 and 26, when upwards of ONE HUNDRED
and EIGHTY POUNDS will be offered in Prizes for Cut
Blooms, Pol Chrysanthemums, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Collections of Fruit, and Single Dishes of Pines. Grapes, Hardy
Fruits, &c.; also a 10 Guinea Silver Cup for the best Collection
of Cut Blooms. r8 Incurved and 18 Japanese, distinct varieties.
Entries close November 19. Fcr Schedules, &c., apply to

JOSEPH GORE, Secretary.

5T, Maple Grove, Sefton Park.

Also an EXHIBITION of HYACINTHS and CHOICE
SPRING FLOWERS will be held in St. George's Hall, in the
month of MARCH, 1885.— J. GORE.

INTERNATI ONAJL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION, London, 18S5.
Division L, INI^ENTIONS, Division II., MUSIC.
Patron — Her Majesty the Queen.
President— \i.^.^\ . the Prince of Wales. KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Forms, which will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY, International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kensington. S.W, These must be filled up and returned on
or before NOVEMBER i, 1884.

SPECIAL CASH OFFER, of well estab-
lished healthy plants -6 good varieties of BOUVARDIA,
including Alfred Neuner and President Garfield, 3'in. pots,
IS. per doz ; 5-in. pots, 91. per doz. ROSES. Marechal Niel,
2 feet, s-in. p'lis, 91. per doz. CROTON, 6 eood varieties, 5-in.
pots, I2r. per doz. rtDIANTUM CU N EAT UM, 510. pots, fitst-
rate stuff. 9r. perdcz — W. B.\KRACK, Castle Gardens, Kendal.

Dutch and other Bulbs

CHARLES TURNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consignment is to hand in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Roy.il Nurseries, Slough.

EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS" in
pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Beddinff, from \7S. to 245. per doien, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

HERB ACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham.

To the Trade.

JM 0 O Y, Florist and Seedsman,
• Haarlem, Holland (established 1830), begs to inform his
Commercial Friends that he has arrived in London as usual
with a good selection of FLOWER ROOTS, and is staying at
12, Exeter Street. Strand, W.C.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
HARK AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

TNDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of

-L L. neilgherrense, \s. dd, each ; L. Wallichianum, is. dd,
and 3.r. dd. each ; L. polyphyllum. zs. 6d. and 3J. td. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. .All Orders for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready lo lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Kotagiri. Nilgiris, India.

REE CARNATIONS.— All the leading

varieties in leally good stuflT, looj. to 1301. per 100.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham, London.

The Grand New NarclEsus Incomparahilis Glganteus,
" Q I R W A T K I N."

kD 3f. 6</. each, 36^ per dozen, 2501. per loi.
Should be in every collection. A " special " offer of other
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities requiied,
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS, ' Newton** Nurseries, Chester.

Uf MAIDENHAIR FERNS. — Great

quantities weekly — A. cuneatum and A. gracilltmum ; also
plants in 48's and 32-pots. Prices on application to

J. JAMNOCH. The Lily Nursery. Dersingham, Norfolk.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS. CHOICE FLOWERS, &c.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To NuTBerymen, Private Growers, &o.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C , is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

ISE AND RIDES, FRUIT and Flower

Salesmen, Covent Garden, W.C, have special facili-
ties this season lor the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

ANTED, a Large Plant of CAMELLIA

ALBA-PLENA, in pot or tub, frcm 7 to 8 (eet high,
in good healthy condition, well furnished and set with bloom-
buds. Quote size and price to

D. S. THOMSON and SONS, Nurseries, Wimbledon.

WANTED, McMahon and Black Douglas
GERANIUM CUTTINGS. State quantity to oSer
and cash prices to

WM. CONWAY, Seed Merchant, Bull Green, Halifax.

ANTED, PELARGONIUM

CUTTINGS of Henry Jacoby and Laura Strahaa
Address, stating price per 100. to

J. V. S., Arley Gardens. Northwich.

TURF WANTED, best quality, to renew a
Bowling Green — about 440 square yards. State price,
delivered at Brownswood Park, Green Lanes, N., to

SBC, care of G. A. Hall, 8, Gray's Inn Square, W.C.

LARGE CAMELLIAS.— Highest offer
wanted for two grand Camellias (Double White, alba-
plena, and Double Red, Imbricita), both about 14 by 4 feet ; also
two plants same varieties 9 by 7 feet . all well furnished and set
with buds. To be sold for what they can bring. A bargain.
KOTHEklNGHAM and WALLACE. Dumfries.

J.

CLOVE CARNATIONS.— Well rooted
layers of Souvenir de la Malmaison, 6s, per doz., £,2 par
100. Trade supplied. Cash with order.

A. RATCLIFF, 9. Windsor Road, Hampton, Middlesex.

ARE CYCADS, &c.— To be disposed of,

1 Lepidozamia Perofskiana, 4 feet 3 inches high ; i Ma-
crozamia plumosa, 2 feet ; i Stangeria paradoxa, 3 feet 3 inches ;
I Kentia Lindeni, 4 feet ; 6 Pritchardia filifera, 4 to 5 feet.
In EXCHANGE for PLANTS or CASH.

HEAD GARDENER, Fioore. Weedon.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

WHOWAKD, Southgatc, N., can supply
• good strong well furnished Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including the new
ores of this year also :— ADIANTUM cuntintum. in 48's and
32's, very eood ; do. farleyensis, in 48's. CYPERUS altemi-
tolius variegatus. DRAC/ENA striata. Green, a fine variety for
Conservatory. GARDENIAS in all sizes. STEPHANOTIS
in all sizes. ASPIDISTRA Jurida variegata.

r^ENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA. —The

v.-' most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants— easily

raised from seed, which is thecheapei^t way to obtain a stock. li.

per packet (about 103 seeds), is 6d. per packet (^bout 300 seeds).

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Hyaclntlis, TuUpa, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBuRG BROS., BuLB GROWERS,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

TREE CARNATIONS, fine bushy plants,
to flower this winter, of Miss Joliffe, A. Alegatiere,
Purity, La Belle, and others, 4-j. perioo. BOUVARDIAS,
fine bushy plants, in 48 pots. 20 10 30 shoots, all the best kinds,
40J per 100.— W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

Established 20 years.

HERBACEOUS P^. ONIES.
Now is the time to plant.
A very select Collection of ^bout 60 choicest varieties, in
various shades of Primrose, Lemon, Pink, Rose, White, Crim-
son, S:c. , many of them sweetly scented. Extra strong bloom-
ing plants 9.1., I2J., and i8f. per dozen.

T. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.

EstabUsbed 1860.
V. REES (late Robert Parker) Hardy

Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS.
IRIS GERMANICA. PHLOXES, POTENTILLAS,
P^tONIES, &c. Selections of 100 showy varieties from 50J.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S W.

WARF-TRAINED FRUIT TREES are

extra fine with us this year. All leadiug varieties
of PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRICOTS, PEARS.
APPLES, PLUMS, &c. LIST post-free,

GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries. Bath.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS,

3J. per ro3, r2i, 6d. per 500, 3of. per rooo.

LIST of varieties ou application.

"A BOOK ABOUT STRAWBERRIES," yi.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

TRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4,?. per

100. Plants, in smalt pots. i6f. per loo ; ditto, in large
pots, 251. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large
60' s, either for potting on or planting out, price 15^. per
100, free to London. LIST. Trade Terms, &c. , on application.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

L OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
are strong, healthy, and well-rooted.
LIST of varieties with Prices on application.
" A Book about Strawbeiries," ^d.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

Strawberries (true to name).

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED
COMPANY (Limited) have a large quantity of Runners
and Pot Plants to offer, and will be pleased to send a Priced
LIST on application.

King's Acre. Hereford.

TRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—

Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 31. 6d.
per 100 ; our ditto, is. 6d. per 100 ; 5C0 for los. 6d. Plants in
aj^-inch pots, 125. (>d. per 100 ; m 5-inch pots, i$s. per 100.
AJl the principal sorts grown, including British Queen, Dr.
Hoge, Jas. Veitch. Keens' Seedling, President, Sir C. Napier,
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Caslle, Vicomtesse H. de Thuiy, and
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application,
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-
ing varieties, well-rooted, 35. per roo. free. SCOTT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the mosteSectual mixture for destroying
wasps.— JOHN SCOTT and CO., Royal Nurseries, Merriott.

386

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1S84.

bictoDiense
albm
,, Hilli leucoglossum
Catlleya Walli;

Laelia aulumnalis (large spe-

men
Oncidium Krameri
nubigenum

Oncidium rolundifolium
ESTABLISHED BURMESE ORCHIDS from a well-
known provincial collection, amongst which will be found fine
specimens of Dendrobium formosum giganteum, D Veitchi-
anum, D. crumenatum, D. Dalhousieanum, D. tortile. D.
eburneum, D. Jamcianum, and others: and a small lot of
CATTLEYA BICOLOR.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.— Flowering Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms
67 and 68, Cheapside, EX., on TUESDAY NEXT, Septem-
ber ^o. about 100 lots of ORCHIDS in flower, from various
collections, including several splendid varieties of Odontoglos-
sum Alexandra; and O. Pescatorei, a fine plant of O.
bictoniense album, Oncidium prestans, and supeib varieties of
O. Jonesianum.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

FWday Next.

ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS

lyrESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

XTO. are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Ceniral
bale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C , on FRIDAY NEXT
October 3, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, valuable 1 M PORTh D
ORCHIDS, in the best possible condition, from Messrs
Shuttleworth. Carder & Co., toeeiher with about 200 lots of
choice ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including several rare
varieties.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

SALES BY AUCTION,

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.
IVTR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by

jjf±. AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as abovh,
argeconsignmentsof first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'CIock. finishing generally about 5 o'CIock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 6734 )

CATTLEYAS and L/ELIAS, received direct from Brazil.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October i. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 200 Dwarf CATTLEYAS, pretty
little selected plants ; also 150 Dwarf L^ELIAS, also selected :
and other importations of L/ELIA PURPURATA and CAT-
TLEYAS of sorts, received direct.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6735.)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT,
Octobers, about 200 lots of Eood ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
many in flower and bud, comprising fine plants of Cypripedium
Spicerianum, C. i^vigatum. Cattleya Mendeli, C. Trianje, C.
Eldorado Wallisi, Odontog ossum pulchellum majus, O. Roezlii
(albiim var.), Oncidium micranthum, Paphinia grandis, Phalas-
nopsis Lowii. P. Sanderiana and P. Stuartiana, Zygopetalum
rostratum, Aerides Houlleitianum, Anguloa Ruckeri, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6735.)

AERIDES LAWRENCI/E (True).

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, October 2. at half-past 12 o Cla^ k precisely a
grand importation of AERIDES LAWRENCL'E. one of the
most magnificent novelties introduced. Professor Dr. Reichen-
bach, in Gardeners' Chro?iicle, October 13. 1883, says : — '" A
grand and unique Aerides, we may easily describe ihe inflor-
escence. A gliirious Aerides raceme, surpassing a foot's
length, having flowers nearly as large as those of Aerides
crispum, but near those of Aerides odoratum, first with green-
ish, then white, finally yellowish ground-coloured sepals, the
petals flushed at the ends with fine purple, mid-lacinia,
excluding basilar side lobules, of same purple, sendit.g two
purple lines to the mouth of the spur." See a.\so Gardeners'
Chronicle, September 22, p. 370, in which the Editor
says :—" Briefly ihe plant may be described as the best
and most beautiful Aerides ever introduced." A First-
class Certificate was awarded to it on September 9 last.
Aendes Lawrenci^ is of free growth, and the plant
combines grandeur of flower with fine habit. The spike obtains
some i>^ to 2 feet long, and the fibers measure up to 2 inches
in diameter. It stands quite unique among the Aerides and is
altogether a gorgeous and beautiful plant. The importation is in
very extra condition, including wonderful masses, and some of
them are throwing up flower-spikes.

The Sale will also contain a grand lot of CATTLEYAS.
ODONTOGLOSSUiVIS. MEXICAN ORCHIDS, VANDA
SANDERIANA, the lovely TRICHOCENTRUM ALBO-
PURPUKEUM. CATTLEYA LU TEOLA, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (next door but one to
Bennatt's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'CIock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS.
TULIPS. CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other Rr)OTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.-Valuable EstabUshed OrcHlds.

Including many well-grown Plants with Flower-spikes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT. September
30 at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, about 300 lots of ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS, among which will be found the following
valuable Plants ■ —
Odontoglossum

Tuesday, October 7.— (Sale No. 217).

HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the
far-famed COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, formed by
Oscar Lamarche, Esq , of Liirge, who is giving up iheir
cultivation.

TV/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

^■^ are favoured with instructions from Oscar Lamarche,
Esq., to SELLby AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E.G., on TUESDAY, October
7. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, without the slightest
reserve, his entire Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
enjoying a reputation probably unequalled on the Continent.
Amongst many other fine things, several of which are handsome
specimen plants, may be mentioned : —

Vanda Lowii, a most unique

specimen 4 ft. 6 in. high, with

thirty-two leaves
Dendrobium Shrcederi, true

,, Guiberti
Vanda suavis Veitchi

,, flavescens tricolor

,, tricoloraurea

,, .« Wioti

., Cathcarti
Cypripedium caudatum.s&veral
fine plants

,, Sedeni, 4ft. through

,, Haynaldianum

,, Stonei

., Pearcei

I, Dominianum

., Dayanum
Miltonia Clowesii Lamarche-

ana
Masdevallia troglodytes

On view morning of Sale.

Masdevallia chima;ra erecta
Cattleya Gaskelliana, white
variety
,, I'rianslalba
,, ,, rubra
„ Warneri
Lxlia superbiens

,, Perrini
Ccelogyne Massangeana vera
Anguloa Ruckeriana
Epidendrum prismatocarpum
Oncidium tetracDpis

„ macranthum
Odontoglossum Alexandra,
many special varieties
„ Pescatorei, do,
,, mulus
,, constrictum
,, sceptrum
,, ntevium majus
Aeiides suavissimum
Catalogues are now ready and

may be had of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E C.

Brigbton.

By order of the Executors of the late Mr. Thomas Killick.
IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY
STOCK. PLANTS, HORSES, FURNITURE, and
Efl^ects.
To Gentlemen and others intending Planting this season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
(in conjunction with Mr. G. Attree) are instructed to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Dyke
Road, Brighton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAV, Octo-
ber 8 and q, at 12 o'CIock precisely each day, the whole of the
beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which is in capital
condition for removal, comprising thousands of Border Shrubs
in fine assortment, 4500 Aucubas, about 400 of which are
unusually fine plai.ts, from 3 to 4 feet high ; 15,000 Dwarf
Roses, Standard Roses, Fruit Trees in variety, large quantities
of Limes, Poplars, and other Ornamental Trees, the whole of
the Greenhouse Plants, sixty ungUzed SASHES, AGRICUL-
1URAL IMPLEMENTS, HO IICULTURAL REQUI-
SITES, capital WAGGON, TUMBRlLand Spring CARTS.
Bay GELDING. Chestnut PONY, Bav PONY, HARNESS
and the remaining HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, WARD-
ROBE, CHIMNEY-GLASSES, and other items of the usual
description.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues are
now ready, and may be had on the Premises; of Messrs.
CLARKE AND HOWLETT, Solicitors, 8, Ship Street,
Brighton: at Mr. ATTREE'S Ofifices, 136, North Street,
Brighton; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C,
and Leytonstone,

N.B. To be SOLD, the valuable FREEHOLD BUILD-
ING ESTATE, being that portion of the Nursery situate on
the eastern side o.' Dyke Road, with the Dwelling-house stand-
ing thereon, and having an area ot about 4 Acres, with a
frontage of 300 feet to Dyke Road, particularly eligible for the
erection of superior residences. For particulars and terms
apply to Mr. ATTREE, or Messrs. PROTHEROE and
MORRIS, as above.

Wimbledon, S.W.

A few minutes' walk from the railway station, whence goods
may be transmitted to all parts.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOUR DAYS' SALE of beauti-
fully-grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. D.
S. Thompson & Son, in consequence of the expiration of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nursery.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nurseries, Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY,
October 20, and three tollowing days, at 12 o'CIock precisely
each day, several Acres of remarkably well-grown NURSERY
STOCK, including 7000 Laurels, 1% to 3^4 feet; 10,000 oval-
leaved Privet, fine bushy plants, 2 to 4 leet ; 8000 Berberis
Aquifolia, i to 2 feet ; 1800 green Euonymus, 3000 Aucuba
japonica, i to 2j^ feet; 3000 Deciduous Shrubs, in variety;
Portugal Laurels, green Hollies, English Yews, Planes, Limes,
Poplars, Standard Thorns, and other Ornamental Trees, 4000
Standard and Half-standard Roses, 10,000 Fruit Trees, consist-
ing of Standard and Pyramid Pears and Plums, Standard Vic-
toria Plums, Horizontal and Dwarf-trained Apples and Pears,
Dwarf-trained Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, fine Goose-
berries and Currants. Orchard-house Trees in pots, and other
stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and ol the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 63,
Cheapside, E.C.

Great Clearance Sale of First-class Nursery Stock.

MESSRS. MORRISON BROTHERS,
Forbesfield Nursery, Aberdeen, being obliged to clear
about 20 Acres of their Land, have decided to SKLL the
greater part of their valuable Stock by AUCTION, on
THURSDAY, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY, October 2. 3,
and 4. They will oflfer, in Lots to suit purchasers, upwards of
30,000 Dwarf ROSES, all cf the finest varieties; 10.000 fine
named RHODODENDRONS, 20,000 GOOSEBERRI t<:S and
CURRANTS, many hundred thousand fine CONIFERS
TREES and SHRUBS of all sizes, all of which, having been
kept Irequently removed, cannot fail to give satisfaction.

A List is now being prepared, and will be sent, when ready,
free to any address on application. Intending planters will do
well to examine the Stock previous to Sale.

Sept. 2, 1884.

Clearance Sale of Greenhouses, Piping, Boilers, &c.

MESSRS. J. McLACHLAN and SONS
will SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises, Elm
Lodge, The Chase, Clapham Common, S.W., on FRIDAY,
October 3, at 2 o'CIock precisely, about 3000 feet of Glazed
LIGHTING, 2000 feet of Hot-water PIPING, BOILERS,
and eflfects.

On view day prior and morning of Sale.
Auctioneers' Offices, The Pavement, Clapham Common, S.W.

Haversham Grange, Cambridge Park, Twickenham.

A few minutes' walk from the St. Margaret's and Richmond
Stations, and near to Richmond Bridge.

SALE of the COSTLY CONTENTS o( the RESIDENCE.
7-octave grand concert Pianoforte, Billiard Table and
I'lUings by Thurston & Co.. quantity of Stove and Green-
house Plants, Azaleas. Pot Roses, Camellias, Maidenhair
Ferns, 5;c , and outdoor Effects.

IVTR. CHANCELLOR has been favoured

-i-'-L with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the
premises, Haversham Grange, Cambridge Park, Twicltei.ham.
in consequence of expiration of lease, on TUESDAY and
WEUNtSDAY, October 7 and 8, at i o'clock precisely each
Vi'Y'.'M "^'"^Sant and well manufactured FURNITURE and
t-t FECTS of the reiidence. a valuable Collection of AZALEAS
CAMELLIAS. Pot ROSE", FERNS, CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS, &c., and out-door etTects, &c.

On view Monday, October 6. from lo to 5 o'CIock; Catalogues
on the premises and at Mr, CHANCELLOR'S Auction and
Estate Offices. Richmond : and at his branch offices at Sunning-
dale and Ascot.

Thlrlestalne Hall, Thlrlsstalne Road, Cheltenliam.

HIGHLY IMPORTANT and ATTRACTIVE SALE of
VALUABLE and RARE ORCHIDACEOUS, STOVE,
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

lyrESSRS. ENGALL, SANDERS AND CO.

-Lt_I_ beg to announce that they are favoured with instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises as above (in
consequence of the Residence having been Solo), on TUES-
DAY and WEDNESDAY, October 7 and S, commencing at 12
o'clock each day precisely, the whole of the remarkably
WELL-GKOWN PLANTS, comprising about 3C0 Orchids,
amongst which are some choice Dendrobuims, Cattleyas,
Lselias, Calanthes, and several other fine specimens of these
rare and lovely exotics ; about 400 Stove Plants, embracing
some especially good specimens of EucharLs amazonica, Alla-
manda nobilis and Hendersoni, Clerodendrons. Siephanotis,
Anihuriums, Crotons, Dracsenas. and others ; about aooa
Greenhouse Plants, comprising Azaleas. Cameliias, Eiicas,
Epacris, Bouvardias, Amaryllis, Arbuiilons, Fuchsias, Gloxinias,
Chrysanthemums, &c. A number of Carpet Beddiiig Plants.
70D Strawberry Plants in pots, GARDEN TOOLS and
IMPLEMENTS, a large number of FLOWER POTS.
PANS, and BOXES, a few tons of Potting LOAM, and a
small quantity of PEAT.

On view on Monday, October 6, from 11 to 4 o'CIock. Cata-
logues on application to Messrs. HUMPHRlS and CO.,
Estate Agents, 26, Promenade Villas ; or to ENGALL
SANDERS, COX, AND PEARSON, The Cheltenham Auction
Mart. No. i. Promenade.

N.B. — The Auctioneers beg to call the attention of
Connoisseurs and the Trade to the above Sale, many of the
plants having obtained prizes at the local horticultural shows.

Eoyal Oak Nursery, Goldsworth, Woking.

Close to Goldswonh Old Nursery, i mile from Station of London

and South-Western Railway,

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.-CLEARANCE SALE.

MR. H. W. COPUS is favoured ^vith in-
struciions from Mr. Newey, who is giving up Business
in consequence of Expiration of Lease, to SELLby AUCTION,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. October 8 and 9.
at 12 o'CIock precisely, the whole of the fine grown
NURSERY STOCK, comprising 20,0(0 (6 in. to 1% ft)
Rhododendrons and Stocks, 2000 Aucuba japonica. 5000
Green and Variegated Holly, i to 7 ft.; Perry's Weeping
and Golden Holly, icoo Roses, standard and half-standard,
true to name : 5000 Ligustrum ovalifolium, 2 to 4 ft. ;
Cotoneaster Simonsii, 4000 Spruce Firs, looto Common
Laurels, 6in. lo 3 ft.; Laurustinus, lo.coo Chestnut. 2 lo 5 ft ;
4C00 Yews, 2 to 6 ft : fine well furnished Green and Variegated
Box, Lawsoniana viridis, 2 to 4 ft., Deuizia gracilis, large
quantity of well grown Specimen and tiorder Plants, Flowering
bhrubs, Virginian Creepers, Ivies, Gooseberries, Currants. &c.

Catalogues can be had post-free of the Auctioneer. 16, Friary
Street, Guildford. Surrey, or at the Nursery, Wokirg. Surrey.

Lynton House, near Elms Rd., Clapham Common, S.W

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.-Early S.ile of
Surplus Stock, without reserve. — Fine specimen Camellias,
splendid large Eucharis, just coming into flower; large
Azaleas ; a handsome Fern, Dav.illia Mooreana, 8 feet
through; Orchids, S:c. By order of Mrs. Perreit, on the
Premises,

MESSRS. PEED AND GREAVES,
HoRTicuLTUR.AL AUCTIONEERS, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, S W., have been favoured with instructions to SELL
by AUCTION, the above valuable lots, on WEDNESDAY,
October 15, at 3 o'CIock prompt.

On view one week before the Sale by application to ihc
GARDENER, down the Lane side of Premises. Catalogue of
the Auctioneers post-free.

Preltminary Announcement.

WHITTINGTON NURSERIES, near LICHFIELD.

MR. GEO. MARSDEN is instructed by Mr.
Holmes to SELL by AUCTION, at the above Nurseries,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October j2 and aj,
commencing at 10 o'CIock each day. a magnificent selection
from this well-known Nursery, comprising several thousands of
Standard APPLES and PEARS. Pyramid PEARS on (juince
LARCH, OAK, SPKUCE FIRS, &c : EVERGREEN and
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, including Purple Beech, Scarlet
Oak, Aucuba, Box, Holly, Portugal Laurels, Common Laurels
of sorts. Yews, &c. : a choice assortment of ('ONIFERjE
PLANTS of all sizes; ROSES, Maiechal Niel. Gloire de
Dijon, &c. , very fine ; Seedling and Bedded Plants of TREES
and SHRUBS m great variety.

Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be had on application at the Nurseries ; or of the
Auctioneer, Wirksworth.

Extensive Sale of Trees and Slirubs at

MESSRS. JOHN STEWART and SONS'
Nurseries, [iroughty Ferry, on WEDNESDAY iind
THURSDAY, October a. and 23.

Particulars to follow, with announcement of Catalogues.
JAS. S. MARSHALL and SON, Auctioneers.

OR DISPOSAL, a GENUINE SEEDS-
MAN, FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSINESS,
about 7 miles from London, in a first-class neighbourhood,
main road, at a low Rent and long Lease.

Address FLORIST, Gardrntrs' Chronicle Office,
Wellington Street. Strand, W.C^

To Gardeners, Florists, &c.

FOR SALE, several acres of FREEHOLD
L,\ND, well adapted for the above Trades, also a 6-
Roomed COTTAGE, with Land suitable for the Erection of
Glass Houses, within 10 minutes' of Hampton Station.

J. EMBLETON, SulTolk House, New Hampton.

4".

September 27, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

387

Somerset.

To Nurserymen. Florist'^. Seedsmen, and Capitalists.

To BE SOLD by PRIVATE CONTRACT
wilh early possession, the old-established BUSINESS,
(if over 150 years, and only changed hands three times) of a
Nurser^'man, Seedsman, and Florist, carried on for many \ears
past by Mr. John Scott, the present proprietor, at the Royal
Nurseries, Merriolt. near Crewlcerne, and at Hendford Hill,
and Royal Seed Warehouse, Prince's Street, Yeovil. The
Merriott Nurseries comprise 37 acres of excellent land,
completely stocked with splendid young, valuable and saleable
Fiuit, Coniferous, Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
and well-stocked Greenhouses. &c. The Residence, Oflices,
Stabling, Manager's Villa and Cottages, and a portion of the
Nursery Grounds are the proprietors Freehold, and may be
purchased or taken on lease. The small Hendf rd Nursery is
well stocked, and is provided with newly erected and con-
venieniently fitted Greenhouses and 01 her erections adapted for
the business. These premises may also be purchased or taken
on lease. The age and state of health of the proprietor alone
induce him to retire, and he will be prepared to sell on advan-
tageous terms. The Yeovil branch business could be taken
separately, if so desired, or the whole affair in its entirely,
which would, in the latter case, afford an excellent opportunity
for Partnership.

For further particulars and cards to view apply to Mr.
JOHN SCOTT. Royal Nurseries, Meniott; or to Messrs.
aPARKS AND BLAKE, Solicitors, Crewkerne.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

TO BE LET, with possession at Michaelmas
next, a large MARKET GARDEN, with Watercress
Bed, also a Residence and Outbuildings attached thereto, con-
taining about 3 acres. The above is situated in the middle of
the fljurishing market town of Andover. within a minute's walk
of a railway station, has a frontage (with a right of fishing in) to
a trout stream of several hundred feet, and the business of a
Market Gardener has been carried on therein for more than
fifty years. For further particulars, and to treat, apply to
Mr. R. FOOTNER, Solicitor. Andover, Hants.

TO BE LET, on LEASE, FORCING,

JL PLANT, and MUSHROOM HOUSES, well Heated

with Hot Water. Dwelling-house on the Premises. A good

opportunity for a practical working Gardener wilh small capital.

For full particulars apply, by letter only, to Mr. HENRY

FRY. Romscy Road, Winchester.

T MILLINGTON and CO., English

1 • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
LsAD, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,

43, Commercial Street, E. _^_^^

JTYDEMAN, AUCTIONEER, Valuer, and
• Estate Aghnt. Waltham Cross, N., is open to receive
instructions for HORTICULTURAL SALES and VALUA-
TIONS. Every attention given and moderate charges.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., and at Leyton-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

Autumn and Wlnter-flowerlng Plants.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that in
• consequence of the hot summer his stock of the above is
remarkably line this year, and well set for flower. Early orders are
solicited for the following, which are now ready for delivery : —
AZALEA INDICA. in variety.

., MOLLIS, seedlings .md named sorts.
BOUVARDIAS. leading kinds,
CAMELLIAS. leading kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
EPACRIS, leading kinds. [GIGANTEUM.

ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS.

LILACS. Chas. X., and other leading sorts.
PRIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA.

,, double, leading kinds.
SOLANUMS, Williams' hybrid.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.
For complete List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway. London, N.

ED. PARRE, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium,
offers the following : —
SPIRj^^A JAPONICA, very strong clumps, 6^. and loj, per

100
SP1K.<EA, PALMATA, a stock of 3C00 plants, at lor. per 100,

very strong clumps.
AZALEA INDICA, RHODODENDRONS, LILY OF
THE VALLEY, AZALEA MOLLIS, FICUS ELAS-
TICA. PALMS. &c.
CATALOGUE sent post-free to any part of the world.

REENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS.—

This section produces fine trusses of white, orange-red,
and various coloured flowers, while many of the varieties give
forth a delicious perfume. Our collection is one of the finest,
including many rare varieties. 12 healthy young plants, gj,
Its t aod i8r, ^ healthy strong plants, 2tJ., 30J., and 42^.

Rhododendrro jasmimfloium. Princess Royal, Princess
Alexandra, Fragractissima, and Duchess of Sutherland, are
well known -varieties of this group.

E. G. HENDERSON and SON. Pine-apple Nursery,
Maida Vale, London, N.W.

EA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for

Forcing. — Fine plants of all the best varieties, including
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Etoile de
Lyon, Madame Lambard. &c., at ^4^. to 30J. per dczen ;
smaller size, bushy tlants, in 5-inch pots, \^s. to i8j. per dozen.
Also extra strong CLIMBING ROSES, in Pots, for Conserva-
tory Planting — Marshal Niel, Climbing Devoniensis. W, A.
Richardson, Peine Marie Henriette, La Marque, Triomphe de
Renoes, and many others, zs. 6d., v. dd. and $s. each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON. The Nurseries. Bath.

To Orchid Growers.

ORCHID SPHAGNUM, as supplied to the
leading Growers, carefully hand-picked and free from all
lefuse. In 4> bushel bags at 6j. td. per bag, carnage paid to
London. Liverpool, Edinburgh, or Glasgow ; in lots of 20 bags,
at ji. 6d. per bag. Circular with testimonials on application.
Also BOX EDGING and PRIMULA CASHMIRIANA.
J. B. YOUNG, Allanbink, Bridge of Allan.

WM. CROWE'S CATALOGUE for 1SS4
• can be had Post-free on application, and should be in
every Amateur's hands. It embraces an extensive List of best
Novelties ; also splendid Collections o( Double and Single Zonal
Geraniums ; Hronic Bicolor, and Silver and Golden Tricolor
Geianiums : Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Carnati'Mis. Chrysanthemums. Palms, Ferns, Stove .and Green-
house Climbers, &c. Specu-il attention is also given to Collec-
tions of Plants, which can now be supplied for immediate effect
ins-inch pots, lioth Flowering and Foliage, at lot. 6^/., 21s., ass.,
and 631 —W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

N AP L E S.

VENCE8LA0 KRUEPPER,

HOKTICULTURIST, SEED GKOU'EK,
AND MERCHANT,

SPECIALITV OF

CAULIFLOWER,

VEITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT.

BROCCOLI,

VEITCH'S SELF-PROTECTING.

TRIPOLI ONIONS,

All Varieties.

VENCESLAO KRUEPPER,

HORTICULTURIST, NAPLES.

B. S, WILLIAMS'

IMPROVED MUSHROOM

SPAWN, per bushel of s. d.
fourteen cakes .. ..5 0

The best in the market: never fails.

-^ 'V.*:\'T^

Victoria & Paradise Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N.

Laing's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,

per dozen \is. Producing fine decorative plants.

Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels

Post.

Begonia Growers, Forest HiU, S.E.

©ItHg&hiblislub

••••••••I

SUPERB QUALITY.

"Cihc yick of ^liolhinii- ;

Prices very moderate.

jfvce Deliveries.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

(Illustrated ).

ytliabit ■■iltuaiia. Address injull—

F.^^.DlGP^SON^SONS,
Ibe (Siueen's See&sinen, ^
GHESTBI^.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOB AUTUMN ANB WINTER.

STRONG, HEALTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS. 185. to 305. per dozen.

AZALEA INUICA, i8j. to 6=5. per dozen.

BOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, i8j. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, 3aj. to 6oJ. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Smith's superb strain), full of

buds, 5.inch pots, i8j. per dozen.
CYTISUS, laJ. to i8s. per dozen.
EPACRIS, be,-.! sorts, i8i. to 30J. per dozen.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS. WILMOREANA, CAFFRA,
ORACILIS, AUrUMNALIS, S:c., 6-inch pots i8j. to
GARDENIAS, i8j. to 30J. per dozen. [30J. per dozen.

LAPAGERIA ALBA, 75. bd. to 42.r. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, 21. dd. each.
LIBONIA PENRHOSIANA, 121. to i8r. per dczen.
PIMELEAS, very fine. 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 30J. to 42^. per dtzen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purple, 185. per dozen.
TREE CARNATIONS, 5-inch pots, 24J. to 30^. per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, 5-inch pots. 12J. to i8j. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIR, &c., in great variety ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
Descriptive List Free.
Selections from above may be jnade at Dozen Prices.
The Plants are remarkably fine and clieap.

Probably the Best and Cheapeet Offer of
AZALEA MOLLIS.

30,o<o left for Sale.

8 to 12 Buds, £1 \os.: lo lo 15 Buds, £1 i^s.
0. BURVENICH DE WINNE,
ROSE and PALMJJURSERY, GENTURUGGE.__

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT. ROOZEN~& SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR guiImea^ackages

Of CnoicE Hardy Flowkr-Roots f^'-" '"^^^^^^ J''^,„lP,ri

Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under .

COLLECTION " F," FOR SPRING GARDENING.

CONTAINING 900 BULBS.

36 Hyacinths, distinct colours

50 Tulips, single early

50 Tulips, double

35 Tulips, single late

20 Narcissus, Polyanthus

30 Narcissus, incomparable

24 Narcissus, Poeticus

50 Anemones, double

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WOKCSSX^B.

40D Crocus, in 4 distinct colours
50 Ranunculus, double
36 Gladiolus
50 Snowdrops (single)
25 Spanish Iris
25 Triteleia uniflora
2 5 Scilla hyacinihnides
A Lilium uinbellalum

COLLECTION "C." FOR INDOOR.
CONTAINING 277 Choice EULBSfor POTS and GLASSES
Narcissus, double and single—
12 in 4 named varieties

Hyacinth--, 18 in 18 jplendid
named varieties
3 Roman Hyacinths

Tulips, single early—

rz in 4 fine named varieties
6 Due van Thol, red & yellow
6 „ ,, scarlet

Tulips, double early—

6 La Candeur, pure white
6 Rex Rubrorum.fine ci imson
6 Tourneso!

Crocus —

100 in 10 fine named varieties

Narcissus. Polyanthus —
12 in 4 finest named varieties

Jonquils —

6 Double, sweet-scented

6 Single, „ .>
12 Scilla sihirica (precox)
12 Choice Ixias
12 M Sparaxis

,2 „ Oxahs
12 Grape Hyacinlhs ^H.
botrvniiHr?-!

6 Eranihis hyemalis

6 Snowdropti

6 Iris Pavonia

HALF OF EITHER OF THE ABOVE FOR lOJ. 6J.

The above Packages mav be had from our Agents, Messrs.
MERTENS ANDCO,,3.CrossLane St. Mary-at-HiH, London,
E.C., on receipt of cheque or Post-office Order ,.,r.r.ni?

For particulars of our other Collections of bulbs for 1 N UtiUK
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
Catalogue for 1884, which will be s^-nt, post-free, on apphcatioa
to our Agents, nr ourselves direct.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, Overveen, near
Haarlem, Holland.

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

Messrs, HAYASHI & CO.,

OF

MOTOMACHI, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade that they
have opened a London Order-office at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &c., grown in their
gardens in Japan, and are prepared to offer the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants ;

PRICE LI ST.

JAPANESE LILIES— A Collection for £10,
consisting of

3 doz. L. auratum or at S.r., I2s. &. i6s. per doz.

1 „ L. cordifolium „ 24s. and 36^. „

2 ,, L. coridium „ .■■ i2s. „
2 ,, L. concolor „ ... ^2s. „
2 ,, L. Krameri „ ••• ^2s. „

1 „ L. Leichtlini „ ... 24s. „

2 „ L. Batemanniae „ ••. ^2s. „
i „ L. longiflorum „ ... 48^. „
I „ L. Hansoni „ ••■ 6°^- »

A Collection for £10, consisting of

Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty different
varieties, and including si,\ of our celebrated
grafted plants, containing three to seven forms
on one stem. All hardy varieties.
Or at 48^. per dozen ; Grafted, 96.S'. per dozen.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
England. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
application necessary. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condition.

388

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 18

KENTIA CANTERBURYANA— Germi-
nated Seeds. Write for price (carnage and package
free), to F. H. DAMMANN, Gorlitz, Germany^

NOVELTY I I I

CUPRESSUS LAVVSONIANA ROBUSTA.
— Among a great many seedlings of Cupressus Law-
sonlana of 1874, I discovered one, quite distmct (rom the
others by its rapid growth and robust iorm. There already
being so many varieties of Cupressus Lawsoniana, I would not
propagate it ; only after the stvere winters of 1879 and i83o, in
which so many varieties of Cupressus were injured by frost, and
the said variety did not suffer at all, I decided upon propa-
gating it. Coniferse culture being one of the chief cultures of
my establishment, in which, during many years, the leading
varieties of Cupressus are represented, I was able to carefully
compare the said variety with the already existing one?, and
can now cffer it to the Irade as a true acqui>ition. As the
name designates, this Cupressus is robust ; in growth it mostly
resembles the well known Cupressus Lawsoni erecta viiidis
(Waterei), whilst its colour is dark green, instead of being light
green as m the latter variety.

NOVELTY ! 1

THYMUS LANUGINOSUS fol. argenteo
var. — In 1878 a beautifully variegated Thymus lanugi-
nosus was found in my nursery. As it suffers neither from
frost nor sunshine it can ba fully recommended as a most
valuable plant for rockwork. For prices apply to

A. M. C. jUNGKlNDTCONiNCK. Tottenham Nurseries,
Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands,

ARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. — Fine

i:eedlings from a splendid collection of choice named
flowers. Per dozen, u, ^d,\ per 100, lOJ. (id. Extra strong,
per dozen. 2s. 6J.; per ico, i-js. 6d. Carriage free.

DANIh-LS BROS.. Town Close Nurseries, Norwich,

CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, 11. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Extra strong
plants, 2J. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots, free on application.
DANIELS BROS,, RoyalNorfolkSeedEstablishment. Norwich.

PSillUS P3J.IZIS.

WM. CROWE ofifers the following as
• strong, clean stuff, in 60-pots, quite ht for shifting
into 48*5: — Latania borbonica, 25J. per 100; ditto, extra size,
401. per 100. Cocos Weddelliana, loj. perdozen ; ditto plumosa,
bs. per dozen, aos. per 100 ; Seaforthia elegans, 30^. per 100 ;
Areca sapida, 6j. per dozen, 351. per 100 ; Caryoia urens. two
to three leaves, 251. per 100; Phcenix reclinata, best variety.
301. per loD ; Sabal Blackburyana, 41. per dozen ; Euterpe
eoulis, 6s. per dozen, 40f. per 100, Also from stores: — Latania
borbonica, ts. per 100 ; Caryota urens, 5^. per 100 ; Corypha
australis, 7J. per loj; Phcenix reclinata, best variety, 71. per ico.
Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.

BULB CATALOGUE,
" HOOPER'S."

Tlie most complete. The lowest prices.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 4d , which la returned in the first purchase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN.
LONDON, W.C.

FOR EST TREES.

One of the largest stocks in the Kingdom,
quality unsurpassed, all sizes, hardy, will trans-
plant well, and prices bear favourable com-
parison with others.

LITTLE & BALLANTTNE,

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen,

CARLISLE.
Established 1812.

DOUBLE WHITE VIOLET
"SWANLEY WHITE."

To prevent confusion we simply wish to say
that we purchased this variety, the only pure
Double White Violet (awarded a First-class
Certificate) direct from the raiser in Udine,
Italy, named and sent it out as above ; but
some that purchased it direct from us imme-
diately renamed it, for motives which can be
better imagined than described. We hold a
stock of many thousands, and can supply large
two-year-old plants from ground, is. each, los.
per doz. Splendid plants in 5-inch pots, full of
buds, 9^. per doz. ; ditto in 4-inch pots, ds. per
doz. Small rooted plants, 2s. bd. per doz. ;
cuttings, \s. per doz. Special prices per 100
and 1000 of either sizes.

H. CANNEL.L & SONS,

,T#&MSSfe!M^'^

&VERV SUPERIOR STOCK

'EMBHACIIIC ,\C C C

-IN MOST CASES-

FREE BY POST OR RAIL

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JAMES Dickson & SONS

'NEWTON" NURSiRlESVuccTFIJ
I08EASTCATES! m^"^

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

Importel BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman. Chard, Somerset.

HARTLAND'S Little Bcok of DAFFODILS.

A most complete "Little Book" of lr».sh and olher Daffodils
may be had on application. Some very ra^ e forms are offered
for the first tnne^ and over loo varieties to select Irom Please
enclose 6tf. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
uncommon. -^iLLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., "Old Established" Warehouse,
34, Patrick Street, Cork.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEF.DI.ING).

The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.

First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 18S3.

Strong Canes, 15^. per dozen, ^5 5;. per 100,

A. FAULKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, our Selection ; —
Singes, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-, D 24/-, E i8/-, F 12/-
Doubles, P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

Collections unnamed, our Selection : —
Singles, G 21/-, H 18/-. J iS/-, K 12/-, Lg/- per doz.
Doubles. W 3P/-, X 24/ . Z 18/- per dozen,
tingles, for bedding, M 40/-, N 30^'-. O 24/- per roo.
Begonia Growers. Forest Hill. S.K.

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERED BY

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

FINEST QUALITY LOWEST

PEICES.

S. d. S. d. \

HYACINTHS. While Foman

3 0

15 0

,, White Italian, strongergrowih, a week

later .. ..

2 0

15 0

„ Blue Roman, pretty colour ..

1 6

lo 6

„ Double, pale rose Itdlian— this forces

while: a lovely variety ..

2 0

15 0

„ .. deep rnse Italian, charming

a 6

lU 0

NARCISSUS, Di5uble Roman, wiih yellow

iniermixed ..

2 0

12 6

„ Paper-White, pure white, lovely

I 9

10 6

„ Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup, new

3 6

25 0

„ (Corbularia) citrina, pale lemon, a

lovely frilled cup

7 0

55 0

JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

I 0

6 6

,, ,, ,, ,, double

2 0

12 6

TULIPS, Due van Thol, red and yellow . .

I 0

6 6

, , plain scarlet . .

I 0

5 6

LILIUM HARRISI, white trumpet, the

graiidevt of all

15 0

roo 0

CANDIDUM. the White Lily

3 6

31 0

TUBEROSES. Double White African,

splendid

4 6

30 0

All ready for immediate delivery. 51. worth and upwards

Carriage Free.

HOOPER'S BULB CATALOGUE, illustrated in

colours. &c , is now ready. The bulbs arc splendid, the

prices extremely low.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be otfered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

, Ordinary Reduced
I Price, j to

ic/6
3/6

2I0

s/-

5/-
1/6

5/-

5/-
10/-

1/-

RHODODENDRONS. Standard, 4000!
to select from, of finest named!
kinds, perfect specimens, from |

iJ4 to 5 feet throuEh the head 105/- 10/6 31/6 5/-

,, Bush, do., 5, 6, 7, and 8 feet high.. 42/- 2i/~ 15/- 10/i

,, Dwaif and Sweet-scented, 1 to 2j-< |

feet high, conbi^tiog of K.
fragranF, Witsoni, Goveni- . !

anum. &c. .. .. .. ' 2/6 .. ' i/5 -/j

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA;! |

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3

(cet high .. . ,

AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high

A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.

T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA,

CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS,

THUIOP^IS DOLABRATA, andj

manyothersin fine condition for removal ic/6
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-
mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.,

Horbe Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnuc,

Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxinus aucubxfolia, Scarlet Oak;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, ana

Poplar. 6 to 15 feet high .. .. 10/6 3/6 5/- 1/6

LIGUSTKUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to

4 feet, per 103 . . . . ao/-

,, common, r to 2% feet .. .A
Laurel, common, 1 to 3 fett

,, caucasica, i 10 2^ feet ..

,, Portugal. iJ4 to 3 feet .,
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..
BRlOM, White
YEWb, Irish
ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Tea?, and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reasonable

lopsis Veitchii ! cffer refused ; or

ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of f quotations wiU

perlect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given.

smaller, i to 3 Icet.
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
KElTNObPORA aUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

I to 3 feet

WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches . . . . . . ..j

COB NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet .. 25^. per ico

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to

6 feet high, 25^. to 751. per iio
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear, 15 each,
SPIR^A. PALMATA, fine forcing clump?. The largest
stock III Europe, 25^ per 100.

„ JAPONICA. \QS. fid. per 100.
EKILaS in variety, 10s. per loc.

LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff. 3^. per dozen, igj. per ico.
PERIWINKLE. loi. per roo.

Thousands of other things too numerous for an advertise'
me/it are o?i offer^ and inquiries or a visit luill be found very
advantageous.

CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn ard Winter Planting, should send ihcir
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

of wliom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on afplication.

NEW YELLOW TREE CAKNATION,
•' ANDALUjilA."

A variety of recent introduction which is in all respects of the
highest uierit. Unlike most of the yellow varieties it has a free
vifiomus constitution and is remarkably free fiiweting. Market
f;ruweis who have >een it are very fond nl it and look upon it as
being ihe mo.st serviceable variety for producing cut blooms in
qvi-iitiiy the season throuRh. The colour is an attractive deep
lemon, the fljwers are laige and buld. i7i per dozen,

THOMAS 8. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSEKIKS. TOTTRNHAM. LONDON.

JOHN LAING & GO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for is. f)d \ 6 for ij. 6(/., fine bulbs of Early

White Rom^n Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch BulbSf

Roses, Fruit Trees, S:c , also free by post.

Hulb Merchants, Forest Hill. S.E.

ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

CATALOGUE of RHODODENDRONS
AND AZALEAS

(GKKENHOUSE and HARDY),

including several novelties of this .-reason ; also of General
Nursery Slock, is now ready, and will be sent to any address
OQ application.

ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

September 27, 1S84,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

389

NEW PLANTS.

CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, C.LA-
DIOLI, Hardy FERNS ai)d ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS m ercat variety, IKIS, Japanese
MAPLES, LILIES. NARCISSI. ORCHIDS. Filiny
FERNS. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS. Rare MOSSES,
BULBS for Forcing. See our LIST" No. 71, just issued.
NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY. Lion Walk. Colchester.

U T B U S H' S M I L L-
TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN.— Too well known to require
description. Price 6j. per bushel
(ij. extra per bushel for package), or
6<y. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, \s.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Slerchants. Highgate Nurseries, N.

B U L B S^

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW RE ADV.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS arid LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular farailie.c. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES. &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready.

SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cultivation,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over looo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable '* Hmts on Ftrn
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

B U .L B S^

Illustrated Priced CATALOGUE of Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, containing the
best of everything and low in price, may be
had Post-free on application to

WM. PAUL & SON,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,
W A I, T H A M CROSS.

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Oentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c.. this autumn, that their
stock nf (i-RUlT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fuie, and ih;it the present time is
the hest to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W.

H

To the Trade.
UGH LOW AND CO.

offer : —
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. 4S-pots, qr., izj. per dozen ;

32-pots. iSj. per dozen.
AZALEA INDICA, well budded. i3f., 15J.. i8j , 3 4 J., 301. doz.

,. ,, white, grand, 40 to 50 shoots, budded, 431., 601. doz.
CAMKIXl AS, well budded, 21J., 24,1 , y>s. per dozen.
CARNATIONS. Tree, finely budded, \Zs. per dozen.
CVCl-AMENS, finely budded, gy., \is. per dozen.
DRAC/ENAS, in variety, 12J., i8i , yas, per doz. [doz.

ERICA ASSURGENS. white, in flower, 91., i2j., i8j.,aii per

„ CERIN IHOIDES COKUNATA, scarlet, in flower, i8j.
per dozen.

„ GRACILIS, well budded, qj',, 12J., i8x., 241. per dozen,

,, HYE MALI S, well budded, gj., lar., i8j., 24J.,3cw. per doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 501,. 751. per ito

,. SANDERIANA, 50J., 751. per 100.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, with buds, \Zs , 341.,
47^ per dozen.

., RADlCANS, finely budded, gi., 12J , 15J. per dozen.
GENISTAS, very fine. 8j. .12;. per dozen,
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. sct.. 75J. per 100.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, in flower, i2j.. i8j. per dcr.
LATANIA BORBONICA. splendid plants, iSj.. 34J., 421. doz.
PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDFi^, fine plants, 185. per doz.
SEAFORTHIAELEGANS, \is. per dozen.
SOLANUMS, well berried, 9J., i2i. per dozen.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

250 AC R

HARDILY GROWN

EVERGREENS

■ ALL ■ OTHER

jl R E E S ; &Vp L ANTS^

t ,0?! UNEQUALLED FOR C^Sv — '

■(Variety, QuALJTY AND Extent.}

-SrPRICEDCATALOCUES-POST-FREEi?-

-James Dickson &SONS.

"Newton" nurseries, CHESTER.

^^A RMIRS

B. s. willIams'

COLLECTIONS OF BULBS

SPECIALLY SELECTED FOR

Indoor and Outdoor Culture,

at ^5, /"3, 30J., and 151. each.

For Outdoor Culture,

at £n, £2, £1, and lot. each.

For Indoor and Window Culture,

at ^3, 30i., 15^., and 10s. each.
Orders of 20J. or more in value are forwarded Carriage Free.

FOR FURTHER PARTICULARS, SEE

GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE,

which will be forwarded free on appUcation.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIREWORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W,

•WIREWOBK.

WIREWOBK.

IBON and WIRE

HOT-WATER

SUSPENDING BASKETS

ROSERIES

FENCING.

WOBK.

FLOWER STANDS

ROSE TEMPLES

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

BOILERS, VARIOUS

WIRE TRELLIS

ROSE FENCES

FENCING [,NG

HOT-WATER FITTINGS

VINE TRELLIS

ROSE TRAINERS

STRAINED WIRE FENC-

PEACH TRELLIS

ROSE SCREENS

BARB WIRE FENCING

GREENHOUSES
CONSERVATORIES
MANSIONS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
&c., &c.

ESPALIER

BALLOON TRAINERS

HURDLE FENCING

WALL WIRING

WIRE NETTING

CONTINUOUS FENCING

COVERED WAYS

PHEASANTRIES

DOG KENNEL FENCING

GARDEN ARCHES

AVIARIES

POULTRY FENCING

WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

&c., &c.

c

CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION.

Crittenden's or Farleigh FroU&c Samsons.

THOMAS BUNYARD, The Nurseries,
Ashford, Kent, can supply the above, true to name, in
fine Standard:^, Half-standards, and Pyramids. Prices on appU>
cation. Also all other kind of Market Fruit Trees in quantity.
CATALOGUES free.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-Nni FIBRE REFUSE.

4//. per bushel ; loo for 35;. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons).
40r. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each,

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per tack;
5 sacks. 351. ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5J. per sack, 5 sacks 3!j. ; sackl,
^d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. ^. per bushel; 151. per hall
ton, 36x. per ton ; in 3 bushel bags. 4d. each,

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ti. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. 6rf. per sack,

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO.
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c WriteforFreo
Price LIST.-H. G. SMYTH, ai, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called lyA, Coal Yard), W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, if, per Bag : 15 Bags, 14^. ; 30 Bags. 3M., sent to all
parts ; Truckload, 35^, tree to rail. Best LOAN! and PEAT.
A. FOULON, 33, St. Mary Axe, London, E.G.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 351., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and North- Western, and Midland, other lines xos., in sacks is-i
30 sacks £t sj. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with all
orders win oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound"
Yard, and isj, High Street, Battersea. S.W. Established 187a.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. ^d. per
sack : 10 for las., 15 for 17J., 30 for 301. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 3V. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 32s. €d. Black Fibrous Peat, 41. tid. per sack ; 5 for
20J. : sacks 41/. each. Coarse Silver Sand, \s. 6d. per bushel,
35s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at zs. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, 6s. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &a Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
6d. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb-. 281b. 31*. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT and CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E., lalt
iQ, New Broad Street, E.G.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Store Plants, &c.,i;6&i.perTruck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15s,
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s, ; 5 Bags, aw, 6d. ; 10 Bags,
45s, Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, sm. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Faraborough Sution, Hants.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is. and 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, 'A cwt,, 8s.;
1 cwt., 13s.

MANUFACTURED BY

W, H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wbolesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd.,

iS, Finsbury Street, E.G., and Shad Thames, London, S.E.

Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with- full particulars, ott application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
OABSTON. LIVEBPOOI..

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded T^ip'oma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh.— Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER. FOWLER and CO., Finsbury Street. London. E.C.

FIR TRFP nil INSECTICJDE
1111° inbb \3t^ ( Soluble iuWater)
Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Root*
or Foliage of Trees and Plant'). Kills all Vegetable Gruba,
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Grapei
from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good Winter Dresang.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on '^Fir Tree
OH" and its application, sent fret on receipt of addrss", h'j ths
Mannfacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HTTGHES, MANCHESTER.
Wbolesale from Hooper & Co. ; Corry, Soprb, Fowler and
Co ; C. E. OsMAN & Co , and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. •

390

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 18

WEBBS'

' ' SUPERB

HYACINTHS

FREE
By POST or RAIL.

Mixed Varieties, Double, 35.
per dozen, 215. per ico.

FOR POTS and GLASSES.

:oo Fine Varieties, delivered free ..
50 Extra Choice Varieties, delivered free
50 Fine Varieiies. delivered free . .
25 Extra Choice Varieiies, delivered free
25 Fine Varieties, delivered free . .
12 Fine Vajieties, dehvered free ..
12 Good Varieties, delivered free . .

^3 17
3 7
1 17

FOR EXHIBITION.

12 Superb Varieties for Exhibition, our selection £,\.
25 Superb .Varieties (or Exhibition, our selection 2

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

PELARGONIUMS, new Zonals of 1S84.—
Twelve of the very finest varieties sent out last spring for
i8x., in well rooted young plants; ditto sent out 1883, 12 for 6 j. ;
50 varieties, all new recently, for Zs. Cuttings half price.

Best FUCHSIAS in cultivation, 12 for 2i., or new sorts of
188 J, 12 for 45 : selections left.
Twelve extra fine PENTSTEMONS for ^s.
These collections have been selected with greatest care by a
grower for open market, trying all the best new soits.
See CATALOGUE, free on application.

RICHARD PANNETT. Nurseryman, Chailey, Sussex.

^

EOECIia BULBS.

Plant at once to ensure white Sowers at Christmas

CARTERS' White Roman HYACINTHS.

The best in ihe Market.
12 fine Eulbs,..2r. dd. ; 24, 51. ; 50, gr. dd, ; 100, 18^. 6rf,

CARTERS' Paper-White NARCISSUS.—

12 fine"Eu1bs, -is. ; 24, 41. , 50, 6j. td. ; 100. i-is. td.

CARTERS' Extra Large SNOWDROPS.—

50 fine bulbs, 2i. ; loo, 31. dd. ; 500, i6j. ; jooo, 30^.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS, ROSES, and PLANTS, gratis
and post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Command to H.R.H. the
Prince of Wales,
237
238)

High Holborn, London, W.C.

READY ON THE 1st OCTOBER.

THE FRUIT MANUAL,

Containing Descriptions and Synonyms of the Fruit and Frtiit Trees commonly

met with in the Gardens and Orchards of Great Britain, with selected

Lists of the Varieties most worthy of Cultivation.

Fifth Edition, Greatly Enlarged. Price 16s., per Parcels Post, I63. 9d.
By ROBERT Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S.

JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE, 171, FLEET STREET, E.G.

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. Firsf-qitality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GREENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS post-free on applicalion.

«

Pt

<D o

o »

P'S'

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries. Stoves> Greenliousea, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very re';t.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens desiened architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to ihe largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estintates a>id Catalogues Jree. Cttstomers waited on in any Part 0/ the Kingdom,

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

W, C. SMITH & CO.,

VICTORIA WORKS,

BUBY ST. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses.

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Branches.
CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS Free.

'BIaIlST protectors, cucumber and MELON FRAMH3, always in stock.

Horticultural Buildings of every description in Iron or Wood.

Skptbmber 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

391

STANDEN'8

MANURE.

ESTABLISHED 20 YEARS.

This old-established Manure is acknowledged by most
of the leading practical Gardeners in the United King-
dom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general
fertilising properties and staying powers. It promotes a
rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally.
For Vines it cannot be too highly recomniended, and
this fact i£ fully sustained from the result obtained by its
use in the hands of some of the most successful Grape-
growers. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little
smell, which renders it particularly adaptable for ladies
interested in plant culture.

The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render
its money value, in comparison with other Manures, at
least double, as users will find that very small quantities
will produce favourable results.

Sold in TINS, Is., Ss. 6d., 5s. 6d., and
ICs 6d. each; and in BAGS, at reduced
prices, 28 lb., 12s. 6d. ; 56 lb. 23s. ; 112 lb ,
423. each.

A fay be obtained from most known Seedsmen in the L 'nitcd
Kingdom and the Colonies.

SOLE MANU?\-\CTURER.S—

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices and Show Rooms, 18, FINSBURY STREET, E.C.;

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

By Pennision of the Hon. Board of Customs

DUTY FREE.

TOBACCO PREPARATIONS

For Horticultural Use.

NICOTINE SOAP.

(PATENT.)

An Effectual and Speedy Eradicator of

Scale, Thrips, Greenfly, Mealy-bug, Red-spider,

American Blight, and all Parasites affecting

Plants, without Injury to Foliage.

The Manufacturers have great pleasure in bringing to the
notice of Horticulturists generally this valuable preparation, the
basis of which is Nicotine, or the Oil of Tobacco, with which is
blended other essential ingredients, to render it available as a
general INSECTICIDE that may be used as a Wash or Dip
(or out or indoor plants. It is well known that Tobacco, in
various forms, is resorted to as one of the best remedies for
Cleansing Plants of Parasites, but owing to the high Duty of
jr. dd. per pound, it has been too expensive (or general use.

Sold in Jars, 8 oz., is. dd. ; 20 oz., 3$. ; and in Tins, 14 lb.,
isr. 6(/. ; and Drums, 28 1b,, 255,; 561b., SOJ. ; 112 lb., 955,
Full directions lor use upon each package.

And 2 02. Sample Jars, 6^. each.

" LONDON " TOBACCO POWDER —This pre-

paration consists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely Eround,
and mixed with other ingredients of an essential character.
Price, in Tins, i lb., \s. ; 3 lb., is. 6Y. ; and 5 lb., 41. ; or,
in Bulk, C^ I2S. per cwl,

** LONDON" TOBACCO JUICE (Free of

Duty). — Manufactured from strong American Leaf
Tobacco, and highly Concentrated. Sold in Bottles, is.,
pints; IS. gJ., quarts; 2s. 6d., haJf-galls. ; and 4s. galls.
Or in Casks of 10 galls, upwards, at 2s. 6d. per gall.

AND THEIR HIGHLY ESTEEMED

TOBACCO-PAPER, CLOTH, and CORD,

for FUMIGATING GREENHOUSES.

Sole Manufacturers:

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices and Show Rooms. 18, FINSBURY STREET, EC. ;

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

BEAUTIFUL

FLOWERS

WIITER and

SPEIIG.

I

Suttons' Autumn Catalogue

Graf is and pcst-free on appHcnlion.

I

I

Open Ground,
42s.

1220 Choice Bulbs.

Pots & Glasses,
42s.

430 Choice Bulbs.

203. Value Carriage Free,

SUTTONS'

COLLECTIONS

OF

FLOWER ROOTS

Contain the Best and Most Liberal
Assortments.

Pots & Glasses,
21s.

210 Choice Bulbs.

Open Ground,
21s.

600 Choice Bulbs.

5 per Cent. Discount allowed for Cash Payment

Suttons' Autumn Catalogue

Gratis and post-free on application.

£jUf(rru/(^

.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

and by Special Warrant to

H.R.H. THE PRIXCE OF WALES,

BEADING, BERKS.

THE

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884.

BROADLANDS.

THIS famous residence of the evergreen and
ever popular Lord Palmerston had been
in his family several generations after they
had acquired it of the old St. Barbes. The
excellent house, not too large, but large enough
for one who was, unfortunately, childless and
the last of his race, was built in the last cen-
tury by his grandfather. It stands by the Test,
which is a river here with a good volume of
water that rolls through the grounds. I looked
for the trout, having Icnown the Test on the
estate of a friend a little below Stockbridge,
12 miles from here, where bi,tj fish are seen by
the dozen in the deep pools when the water is
clear. I was told that in this part of this famous
trout stream the salmon have increased and
have driven off the trout. Can this be true.'
since salmon and trout are constantly found
together in Scotland, and the trout is more
ravenous than his congener, and has a bigger
mouth and appetite, especially such trout as
those of the Test. They are there all the year
too, while the salmon are migratory.

From the room on the west side which Lord
Palmerston made his study he must have often
enjoyed the immediate prospect around his
home, the lawn sloping down from the terrace
to the banks of the rapid, sparkling stream, and
wisely kept quite clear of flower-beds ; and then
beyond a bold sweep of park enclosed by his
own hills, planted by his own timber, with here
and there a distant gable or chimney, the happy
sign of neighbouring life, peeping out fromamong
the trees — Lombardy Poplars, perhaps, of which
some pretty groups are seen, but all his own, at
command — cottage of gamekeeper, or home
of farming tenant, not, you may be sure, of rival
lord or country gentleman, still less of rival
Premier present or to come, for these are
nuisances which the heads of great houses can
ill endure. Ownership is a natural desire, and
when St. Clair reminded Uncle Tom, who
sighed for freedom and his own fireside, that
he enjoyed every comfort, ease, and liberty, and
a house he might call his own, he replied, " But
it isn't mine, massa." Land proprietors some-
times carry the natural instinct to excess, and
require miles more of elbow-room than is neces-
sary. Looking up the stream on the right you
see, without knowing that your sight has passed
the boundary of the park, a bridge of one arch
spanning the stream amid the foliage of great
trees, and this bridge stands in the town of
Romsey, which is just outside the gates of the
park, and yet is unseen, with the sole exception
of this ornamental bridge of one arch. South-
ampton lies down the stream on the left, 7 miles
distant, and looking from the south front across
a mixed Italian and Dutch garden, enclosed
with a low Yew fence, clipped and kept down to
2 feet high, and fashioned here and there with the
shears into pyramids and other formal figures,
enclosing Portugal Laurels, Hollies, and Yews
and the Laurustinus, all clipped into formal
shape. Looking across this delightful garden,
with its flower-beds and " ribbons" and ever-

392

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[September 27, 1884.

green hedges (you may drop the h, for the
garden is edged rather than hedged the fence
being trimmed down on purpose to be looked
over, offering neitherdefiance nor defence — look-
ing across the park in that direction and across
the distant country, your eye will rest, far off
on the south and south-west, on one of the
chosen corners of England, the New Forest,
where lovers of trees and solitude may indulge
their tastes to their heart's content.

It is quite time to say, before noticing the
timber and remarkable trees, that Broadlands
is now the property of Lord Mount Temple, the
step-son of Lord Palmerston, who married the
daughter of Lord Melbourne, the widow of Lord
Cowper, and whose son, lately known as Mr.
Cowper Temple, took the family name of Lord
Palmerston in addition to his own, according
to a request earnestly expressed in Lord Palmer-
ston's will. He has since been raised to the
peerage— an honour which cannot increase the
world's esteem which he enjoyed before in
full measure, especially amongst his neigh-
bours. A premier, or great political mag-
nate, is debarred to a great extent from the
field of local usefulness. His appearances
at the village flower show or county agricul-
tural society are field days which the country
watches and waits for with eager interest, as
when Disraeli assumed the shepherd's crook
in Bucks, or Bulwer piped to the swains of
Herts, or Lord Palmerston in Hants, in the
little old-world town of Romsey, discoursed on
" matter in the wrong place," or of " original
sin," which he declared was not so much inbred
as taught and picked up from bad example. All
the world enjoyed the fun and shrewd sense
displayed at these local festivals ; but their
occurrence was rare, after all, and Lord Palmer-
stone's successor presides over twenty local
gatherings to that great man's one.

We may mention here Lord Mount Temple's
enthusiasm for the public good, because it
induces him to open his park, and occasions
some very interesting and sometimes curious
gatherings. The day Ijefore my visit, on August
I, there had been a meeting on the lawn next
the Italian garden of the Band of Hope of
Romsey— a society whose hope is fixed on the
prevalence of total abstinence. May their con-
verts be many ! Good, wholesome water to
any extent, short of being drowned in it, is
very desirable ; but the great desideratum
for abstainers is a better drink than the impure
water one meets with in travelling about in hot
weather or than those acidulated, gaseous
beverages which in about three days pinch and
poison a man, and would kill any plant out-
right. The Romsey Orchestral Society came
with the Band of Hope, and a promenade
concert was held beneath the trees, while the
bright river ran by discoursing sweet music too.
A most ingenious tent, without a pole, stood in
the ground after the festival, waiting to be struck
■ — empty ginger beer bottles strewed around.
This is, as Mr. Thirlby, the very able head
gardener explained, one of the collapsible
tents invented by Mr. Berthon, the Vicar of
Romsey, a geld medalist of the Fisheries'
Exhibition, famed for boats and clever contriv-
ances which his brain produces and his factory
in the town puts into material form.

A Band of Mercy of this neighbourhood, a
society organised by Lady Mount Temple to
encourage kindness to animals, and affiliated to
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals, is always welcome in the park. The
railway sometimes brings from a distance, at
low fares, associations and societies of various
kinds, and here a delightful and convenient
site, ten minutes from the station, may always
be found, when the members have arranged for
an outing. Perhaps the largest gathering is
that in connection with the Widows' and Orphans'
Fund, when 10,000 persons have assembled in
the park — an army of busy, bustling people,

naturally somewhat excited, and yet, says Mr.
Thirlby, " very little damage was done." I
once heard a discussion on beer. A man in
liquor had knocked another man down. " It
was'nt him that did it," said an apologist, " it
was the beer that was in him." This plausible
argument a lover of beer endeavoured to meet.
" No such thing," he said, " blame the man and
not the beer, for why did he knock him down .''
Why.' Because there was something in his
self beforehand working towards that conclu-
sion."

This is a doctrine of original sin which Lord
Palmerston, on this very spot, repudiated, and
we are bound to admit that among 10,000
people in the park, no " conclusion " of injuring
trees was arrived at in the absence of beer, for
the sole restriction on these occasions is, that
intoxicants should not be supplied, and we are
led to infer that boughs are broken by the
influence of beer, and not owing to any natural
depravity in widow or orphans or their friends.

A peculiar bigotry leads people sometimes to
impugn the motives of those gentlemen who
open their parks ; but the position of a peer is
more independent than that of an M.P. Mr.
Cowper Temple, as a member of Parliament,
moving unknown among the amalgamated
saddle-backs, or stiff necks, from distant
factories, used to hear them say, '■ Ah ! this is
all very well, but we know what he does it for."
Now Lord Mount Temple hears them say, " He
must be a kind man." Another observation
which the noble owner of Broadlands has the
opportunity of sometimes hearing is this : —
" I say, though, ain't it a shame one man should
have all this .? Eh, governor .' " His lordship's
answer usually is, " If it were not so, recollect
you would not have the opportunity of seeing
the place in the state in which it is now kept."

The orangery, when empty in summer, is con-
verted into a place of shelter when Hearts of
Oak, or others, are daunted by the weather,
and in this appropriate assembly-room a con-
ference of clergy of all denominations has been
held. They met first under the wide-spread
shade of a group of Cedars of Lebanon, among
trees of the kind Solomon felled for the
Temple, and amidst foliage native to the hills
of Palestine. And here the lions and the Iambs
of this very mixed gathering were invited to
love one another, and at the tea party in the
orangery such dignitaries as Canon Wilberforce
were seated side by side with ticket-of-leave
converts and preachers like Ned Wright.

Some of the finest trees on the banks of the
Test and the little Tatburn, which runs through
the grounds, are Elms and Planes. A remark-
able Elm on the margin of a walk, having the
rivulet on one side and the kitchen garden wall
on the other, and close to the house, measures
27 feet in girth. It is cleft into two large stems
at 12 feet above the ground, and these are
loaded with a mass of branches and foliage 140
feet high, according to Mr. Thirlby's measure-
ment.

The whole of the park is beautifully planted.
We walked down to the river side and followed
the stream southwards, and then made a detour
to reach the house again ; and this walk
through the shrubbery, or portion of the park
which is fenced from cattle, introduced us to
the trees and shrubs which are most worthy of
close notice and most conspicuous from the
windows. Even the tallest trees are feathered
to the ground — a form of growth which adds
much to their beauty. There is a Beech with
foliage 32 yards in diameter. It is a grand
tree, not on the river level or on the richest
land, which bears Oaks and Elms — the English
sorts generally— and most other trees in perfec-
tion except Conifers ; but on the higher ground,
or anywhere except on that rich diluvial soil,
2 feet deep, and full of sea shells, in which the
Conifers do not flourish. Here we have ever-
greens of other sorts. Yews feathering to the
ground, and large Box trees. The Wych Elm
is not often overturned by wind here, but the
English Elm has been laid fiat on the ground to
the number of thirty great trees, side by side,

during a single storm. A great Cedar of
Lebanon standing outside the vein of shells,
with a big trunk and vast head of branches, is
one of the most remarkable trees at Broadlands.
I looked upon a tree of another sort, close to
the river, with peculiar interest, because Canon
Kingsley, who came here often as a guest, and
loved the trees and the river, and its sport
"botanised" it, and left a note of its name. It
is the grey Poplar, P. canescens, one of our in-
digenous timber trees according to Mr. Loudon.
The specimen here is one of the largest Poplars
of any sort that 1 have seen, with a large tall
trunk, containing a great deal of timber. It has
bark almost as rugged and deeply ridged as that
of the Cork tree. At its foot is a patch of the
little indigenous shrub, the Butcher's Broom.

Lady Palmerston, having good taste, greatly
improved the outlook from the house and sur-
rounding gardens by opening vistas through the
park, especially where timber stands thickest,
and thus she extended the view to various
salient spots — to Toot Hill, which is covered
with masses of Scotch Firs, and to Yew Tree
Wood, named from its great Yews. One of her
strokes of genius is amusing. An upright
Cupressus contrasting with some spreading
Cedars near it, formed a conspicuous object from
the house. Every one admired the tree. But
what if anything should happen to it ? So a
similar tree was cleverly planted exactly in a
line with it, so that the two trees look like one
tree from the windows, and the loss of either
would not be observed. The woods of the
estate, which are generally on high ground and
seen from the park, are well worth exploring,
especially Nightingale Wood, with its 300 acres
of Oak trees. The Beeches here are brown
with the heavy crop of mast. I should like to
have remained a week or two in a corner of the
kitchen garden, which many persons would
consider cheap at a few thousands, if they could
remove it, for the sake of its Mulberry trees and
tall standard blossoming Magnolias, conspicua,
grandiflora and other sorts. But if they would
have the fruit of the Mulberries as black and
ripe as it usually is here in !-,eptember they would
have to remove the climate also, and look to
their subsoil, which is deep and dry here, and
absorbent of warmth as well as rich. A Jar-
gonelle Pear growing on the wall of Mr.
Thirlby's house, in a warm corner, was loaded
with fine large fruit, which would have been
quite ripe on August i if it had been gathered
a week previously. I could not too highly
praise the state of the gardens, the order, neat-
ness, and proofs of skill and care. It would not
be easy to excel the Grapes and fruits of the
several houses. There are thirteen gardeners.
I am glad to say besides, in reference to the
estate and the encouragement of cottage gar-
dening, that there are gardens for all. " How
large .' " I asked. " Oh ! " was the reply ; "as
much as the people care to look after." 1 could
not desire an answer more full of meaning,
more suggestive of good. H. E.

ODONTOSPERMUM

TIMUM.

MART-

From Mr. WoUey Dod we have received speci-
mens of this autumn-flowering Composite, of which
we give an illustration (fig. 70). It is a shrubby
perennial, with branches ascending from a prostrate
woody stock to a height of 12 — iS inches, and with
thick oblong leaves covered with stiff hairs, producing
yellow flower-heads very freely from the ends of thick
interlacing branches, and which are surrounded by a
leafy involucre, the bases of the leaves of which
become hardened. The regularity of arrangement
of the ray-florets is very characteristic. Mr. Dod
speaks very highly of it as a decorative plant. It
is a native of Greece and the Mediterranean region.

A New Use for the Crittenden Damson.
— The handsome and prolific Damson figured in
our last issue (fig. 68, p. 373) is very spincy, and
these spines, it appears, offer a temptation to felony
as well as the fruits. In a Kentish plantaiion of
which we heard recently the gipsies broke in and
removed a quantity of the spiney branches. On
inquiry it turned out that bundles of these spines were
sold to the butchers for skewers — a fact to be recorded
in the next book on Economic Botany 1

September 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

393

Fig. 70.— odontospermum maritimum. (see p. 392.)

MONRO'S GLASS SCREENS.

Mr. John Monro, the well-known horticulturist,
whose inventive faculties have ere this been successfully
brought to bear on several appliances connected with
gardening, has now devised a cheap glass contrivance
by which Tomatos, and possibly some other things,
which our summers cannot be depended on to pro-
duce satisfactorily in the open ground without some-
thing to help the sun's rays, can be assisted. In the
last week in August, at the place where Mr. Monro
resides — Bulwer Road, New Bamet — we saw about

half an acre of Tomatos carrying an excellent crop ;
some had been gathered ; more were then ripe, with
quantities to follow ; they were grown against what
may be described as light glass screens about 4 feet
high. The plants were planted so as to cover
both sides of the glass thinly, and trained closely
against it just as they would to a wall if nailed
against it. The screens, each 100 feet long, occupy
an open position, and stand some 7 or 8 feet apart,
with their ends due north and south. So placed, as will
be easily understood, the sun, from the time it is a
little above the horizon until its setting, shines on the

glass, giving warmth to the plants on both sides, which,
in addition, receive shelter from the screens, and also
get light on all sides very differently to what they
would if grown up to an ordinary wall. The screens
are constructed as follows : — Upright posts 3 by
44 inches, ordinary 9-inch deals sawn in two, have
their ends sunk 24 feet in the ground, leaving
4 feet out ; these stand about 9 feet apart. The
posts have several pairs of stout galvanised wires
running through them from end to end, stretched so
as to make them quite tight. Between these the glasi
in long wide loose sheets is slipped in from the

394

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septemeer 27, 1SS4.

lop resting on a horizontal strip of wood which is let
into the posts about 6 inches above the ground, and
from which thin upright wires lying close to ihe
face of the glass on each side are secured, to which
the plants are trained. In ihis way the crop has been
grown. But during the summer Mr. Monro has much
improved his screens by the use of light grooved
wood bars running upright from the horizontal strips,
attached lo the posts a little above the ground line
and attached to similar strips fixed horizontally to the
top o( the post ; these latlter are cleft so as to admit
the sheets of glass, which can be instantly slid into
their places, and as easily taken out. In this way the
squares butt one against the another. By a simple
contrivance of additional light strips of wood, a groove
is provided which admits squares of glass that act as
a coping to both sides of the screen. By a strong
wire running through the top of the posts their em ire
length and tightened with a screw in the way of
ordinary fencing, the whole is braced up and
strengthened. These last described screens are 5 feet
high. As these screens are principally intended for
summer use, Mr. Monro has contrived a series of pits
for growing winter salad, &c., the lights for which
are grooved so that the glass from the screens can be
used for them, which is obviously so far an advantage.
Evidence of the influence these glass screens have
had on the Tomatos grown against them was fully
proved by the state of the plants and the fruit they
were bearing, compared with others growing in the
same ground but without the assistance of the screens;
in the case of the latter the yield was not more than
one-fifth that of the former.

m

w :

ONCIDIUM AURARIUM, n. sp.*
A MOST unexpected novelty. It stands close by
Oncidium linguiforme, Lindl., but it is distinguished
by good characters as well as by colours. The bulbs
are nearly a span high, compressed pear-shaped,
ribbed, the sides nearly ancipitous, shining. Leaves
two, to judge from Ihe scars, ligulate, acute (I only
know them from a sketch kindly forwarded by
Mr. T. Christy). Panicle " 4—5 feet high," with
numerous'zig-zag twigs. Flowers stellate, equalling
those of Oncidium haslatum. Sepals and petals fine
yellow with brown spots. Lip Irifid, side lacini^
rectangular, shorter, mid lacinia triangular, produced,
light yellow, with a reddish-brown disc at the base, over
which are five light sulphur keels terminating in short
ascending bristles. Column longer and more slender
than in Oncidium linguiforme, with small upright fal-
cate wings. This neat thing was introduced by Mr.
T. Christy, F.L.S., from Mr. J. M. Bang, Bolivia, and
is now in flower under Mr. E. Loaney's management
at Malvern House, Sydenham, S.E. H. G. Kchi. f.

Cat,anthe DIPTERYX, K. Sp,\

This stands near Calanthe pleiochroma, but it is
very easily distinguished by the very wide and very low
anterior lacinia of the lip, curved on Ihe outside to-
wards the column, so that it is half heart-shaped there,
furnished outside with very few small lobes. The
basilar auricules are blunt triangular, and by not nearly
50 wide, scarcely reaching half the breadth of the an-
terior lacinia. The callus consists of numerous narrow,
small, now impressed bodies, of deep purple colour,
and stand in three rows, from the base to Ihe very
short isthmus. The rather thickish spine is only half
as long as the stalked ovary, blunt. Bracts acuminate
from a broad base, not equalling half the length of the
pedicels excluding the ovary. Sepals, spur, ovaries,
slalks,bracts, rhachis slightly downy. The flower would

t?«cirf/HW rtwmr/Kw/, n. sp.— Pscudobulbis compresso-pyri-
formibus ancipitibus utrinque demum paucicostatis ; uni sen
bifoliis : foliis ligulalis acutis : panicula elongata, ramis fracti-
flexis ; floribus stellalis, sepalis trUingiilis cuneato oblongis acutis :
irpalis subajqualibus, labello a basi dilatato Irilido, jaciniis
Ilteraiibus rectargulis, lacinia mediana porrecta triangula,
.jannis obsciiris qutnis a basi ; omnibus apice ascendent! aristatis
(brevissimis) ; column* alis minuiis erectis falcatis. Ex
Bolivia introduct. cl. T. Chr]sty, Londinensis. //. G. RJih. r.

t Calanthe diptirf.t, n. sp — Aff. Cajanthidi pleiochrom,-c :
racemo laxo : thachi, bracieis. pedicellis, ovariis, sepalis
extus puberulis ; labelli partitionibus basilaribus triangulis
obtusis brevibiis, istbmo orevissimo, partitione antica lata
humili anch^ri^o-mi, utrinque retrorsum dilatala, bine sub-
^emicordata, exiushinc minute ti.bulosa, antice retusa callis
angiistis numerosis in basi triseriatis ; calcari ovaiio pedicellato
plus duplo breviori. Ins. Sondaic. H.G. RcM.f.

appear to be suffused by rich purple. I did not see it
fresh. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons imported it from
Sunda Islands, where it was gathered by Mr. Curtis.
//. G. Rchb.f.

Oncidium Limminghei, Ed. Morr.

Specimens quite lately imported from Amazones
by Mr. T. Christy, F.L.S., show the basilar wings of
column remarkably well developed, concave, crenu-
late, forming acinaciforni bodies. An indigitalion lo
this may be seen in Professor Morren's fig. 5, but
fig. 4 is totally free of them. No doubt they may
serve to Ihe comfort of insects, probably as an ante-
chamber, before they ascend to study the contents of
the anther. H. G. Rclib. f.

Cattleya maxima ai'HLEbia, h. var.

This flower has the shape of that of Caltleya
maxima, but there are no dark purple reticulate veins
on the lip, whose yellow disc is surrounded by light
purple. The plump top of the column is quite that of
Caltleya maxima. It was imported from Ecuador by
Mr. W. Bull, and may begin its career as a variety of
C. maxima. No doubt it would be very comparable
to C. Lemoniana, had it not such narrow and nearly
even petals. H. G, Rchb, f.

FERTILITY OF HYBRIDS.

{Concluded front /. 363.)

But let us give the illustrations of fertility in
hybrids : —

For a long while it has been believed by florists
that Ferns would hybridise. Recently biologists have
discovered that they are right. Ferns of different
species are sown together, and the cross-fertilisation
takes place after the spire has vegetated. In the
Wochenschrifl (Berlin, 1859), Stelzner describes Ihe
mixing in this way of two species — Gymnogramma
chrysophylla and Gymnogramma lanata. One plant
so raised was so different Koch had to give it a
specific name — Gymnogramma Stelzneriana. But Ihis
proved entirely sterile. This might have been an
argument for the sterility of hybrids. But in 1864
(see Bull. Bot. Cong., Amsterdam, 1866) he re-
peated the experiment, and had a number of plants of
the hybrid, all of which were wholly fertile. Another
Fern, of American origin, Asplenium ebenoides, is
regarded by Berkeley and other competent pteridolo-
gists as a hybrid between two genera — Camptosorus
rhizophyllus and Asplenium ebenoides. But in this
case we have to say that there is no positive know-
ledge of this. It is abundantly fertile. Another
fertile Fern, Gymnogramma Mertensii, is a hybrid
between Gymnogramma chrysophylla and Gymno-
gramma calomelanos, and was raised in 1S37.
Flowering plants furnish the best evidence, be-
cause we know the whole history. The writer
of this raised the first hybrid Fuchsia. F. fulgens
was the male parent, and F. longiflora the female, the
latter being itself a garden form. These two belong to
different sections of the genus, are not only good
species, but have been regarded as of distinct genera.
The progeny of these hybrids were fertile. Other
hybridists used equally distinct species for the male
parents, such as F. corymbiflora and F, serratifolia.
All the numberless garden varieties now in existence
have been raised from these original hybrids. Many
successive generations have been raised. There are
some sterile individuals occasionally, but not more
than is found with individuals of normal species.
The writer also obtained hybrids between Gesnera-
ceous plants of two genera, Gloxinia rubra and Sin-
ningia guttata. These were fertile. Indeed, European
florists have united many supposed genera in Ihis
order. Conservatories leem with them. The writer
never saw a sterile one. This is also true of Begonia.
Large numbers of those in our conservatories are
hybrids, all fertile. In 1854 an English cullivalor
named Dominy raised a hybrid Orchid which was
called Calanthe Dominiana. Since that lime he has
raised numberless hybrids, not only between distinct
species, but between what are regarded as distinct
genera. Phaius and Calanthe have thus been united,
and so have Lcelia and Caltleya. The writer never
heard that any of these were sterile, though
he actually remembers but one case of reproductive-
ness. This is Cypripcdium albo-purpureum, of which
a hybrid, Cypripcdium Domlnii, was one of Ihe
parents. A large number of hybrid Penlstemons are
common in gardens, all productive. These were
originally between P. Hartwegii and P. genlianoides.

All our garden Gladioli are fertile. The original of
these forms is a hybrid between G. cardinalis and G.
floribundus. Our garden Geraniums or Pelargoniums
are from many very distinct species, so distinct in
appearance and general character that they might
almost be regarded as distinct genera. Their oHipring
are occasionally sterile, but wiih these very lew
exceptions are as fertile through many score of gene-
rations as Ihe originals. Iris Susiana and Iris iberica
are very distinct. Max Leichllin, of Baden, has many
curious hybrids between Ihem, all fertile. Azalea
calendiilacea, A. nudiflora, A. ponlica, and .\. vis-
cosa have numerous hybrids as fertile as their patents ;
and so has Rhododendron catawbiense and R,
ponticum. There are hybrids between Azalea
and Rhododendron. The writer never heard
that any of these were sterile. Rhododendron
Gibsoni, the product of these two genera, the
writer knows, is fertile. Mr. C. M. Ilovey, of Boston,
has raised fertile hybrids between the Tiger Lily and
one of the Japan species (L. speciosum), between
Cereus speciosissimus and Cereus crenatus, and
various distinct species of P.-eonies. Mr. Joseph
Hoopes, of West Chester, brought Aquilegia ccerulea
from the Rocky Mountains, in 1S73, and soon after
had numerous fertile hybrids between this and Aqui-
legia canadensis. The Cape Heaths of our green-
houses— species of Erica, have remarkably distinct
forms among them, yet any of them hybridise freely
and produce offspring as fertile as their parents. Even
where a hybrid may be sterile in one country or sea-
son, it may be fertile under other circumstances.
Clematis Jackmanni is a sterile hybrid in England. II
seeds with Ihe writer, near Philadelphia, with some
freedom. He has a lot of seedlings, of which three
have bloomed at Ihis writing, nearly exactly repro-
ducing the parent hybrid. In the Old World it has
not been found unconditionally sterile. Mr. Anderson-
Henry crossed it with C. Candida and obtained seeds
(PrOi. Bo/. Soc, Edinburgh, 1867), and he finds
within his experience, that the same plants which
will refuse to cross one season are yielding in another.
It is the season and not any structural peculiarity
which makes the difference. This is American expe-
rience with plants not hybrids. Akebia, Wistaria and
many other things usually sterile, occasionally sur-
prise us by yielding good crops of seed. Rev. Pro-
fessor Ilenslow examined a hybrid Digitalis, which was
sterile, and could find no structural difterence whatever
between it and the fertile ones ; and Dr. J. Gibbons
Hunt, of Philadelphia, has traced pollen lubes lo the
nucleus [of the ovule] in the sterile Wistaria. Though
Wistaria is not a hybrid, the fact shows that sterility
does not arise from inability to avail itself of the
fecundating influences, but from some cause probably
connected with nutrition. Apples, Pears, and
Cherries, when two or three years old, will often
flower freely, but produce no fruit. The same trees,
the year following transplanting, are well known to
attempt to mature a heavy crop in many cases. The
checking of vegetative vigour is favourable to repro-
duction. It is not a structural case having relation to
pollination.

In the history of American fruits we find remark-
ably strong evidence for the fertility of hybrids. The
old "purple-cane" Raspberry is either a natural
hybrid, or a departure by natural variation from some
native species. The " Philadelphia " Raspberry
appears to have this for one of its parents, and is also
either a hybrid or great variation. Found wild, there
is no evidence of a positive nature. They are simply
supposed to be hybrids between the Blackcap Rasp-
berry, Rubus occidentalis, and Ihe red, Rubus stiigo-
sus, or Rubus Idteus. However, with this " Philadel-
phia " and Rubus occidentalis, Mr. William Saunders,
of London, Ontario, has numerous fertile hybrids.
{See Fruit Grr.oers^ Ontario Report. 1S72.) In 1S75
he also h.id fertile hybrids between Rubus occiden-
talis and some " red " Raspberry. The same remark-
ably careful scientific experimenter had fertile hybrid
( iooseberries between Ribcs Cynobasli and Ihe garJen
Gooseberry. The history of Ihe Grape in .\merica is
one of a long succession of fertile hybrids, though per-
haps the distinctness of the species might be a ques-
tion. There is such a regular gradation, that no one
can refer a form in every case lo its proper species.
Still, when we lake the wild Fox Grape and compaic
it with the Grape of European vineyards, or a Scup-
pernong and a Frost Grape, all will admit thai in no
sense can these be regarded as one species. Yet they
all hybridise, and the hybrids are fertile. Dr. Wylie,
of Chester, South Carolina, succeeded in uniting

Sfi'tember 27, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

395

Scuppcrnong and Black Hamburgh. There are
always some males or sterile planis among all Grape
seedlings, hybrids or not. One of Dr. Wylie's seed-
lings from this cross was a male. This hybrid male
had more potency in fecundating other species than
any of the normal specific forms. Mr. Haskell,
of Ipswich, Massachusets ; Mr. Rogers, of Salem ;
and Mr. Ricketts, of Newburg, New York, are
well-known careful experimenters in hybridising
Grapes— the progeny being as fertile as their parents.
Among Tears and Apples are numerous varieties
which are seedless, but which no one regards as
hybrids. They bear fruit in the ordinary sense
of the word, but produce no seeds. They are not
sterile in a poraological sense, but they are so in a
physiological. They are on the road to sterility.
On the other hand hybrids, well known to be such,
are fertile. The Siberian Crab, Pyrus baccata, and
Pyrus Malus, the ordinary orchard Apple, have inter-
crossed. The result is a very hardy race, just suited
to the North-west, .as fertile as the originals ever
were. Among Pears we have Kiefifer. This ori-
ginated on the grounds of a neighbour of the writer.
No one would regard the Sand Pear of China as any
way closely related to the common Pear of the gar-
dens. The originator had a tree of the Sand Pear
and the " Flemish Beauty " with their branches inter-
laced. The Kiefier was a seedling from this Sand
Pear tree. In this case hybiidisation was not the
result of an actual experiment, as in the careful work
of the Grape hybridisers named ; but no one doubts
the hybridising under all the circumstances. But the
Kieft'er is one of the most fertile of Pears, either in a
physiological or pomological sense. The tree is a
prodigious bearer, and every fruit the writer has
had the opportunity to cut open was filled with per-
fect seeds to an extent never found in the usual
garden varieties.

M. Naudin, a very energetic French experimenter
with hybrid plants, gives as the result of his observa-
tions, that never more than 25 per cent, of hybrids
were sterile, and of these numbers had fertile pollen ;
but even this proportion may have had more to do
with the climate or surroundings than with absolute
sterility. In America, so lar as the writer of this has
had the opportunity to observe, there is no reason to
believe there is any more sterility attached to hybrids
than to ordinary plants. Thos. Met/tan.

FERNS IN BASKETS.

Of all the uses to which Ferns can be put for
decoration there is none, in my opinion, in which
their graceful appearance can be seen to better advan-
tage than when properly — I mean tastefully — arranged
in baskets, and yet how comparatively seldom they are
employed in that capacity. The embellishment by this
means of our ferneries, stoves, and greenhouses, has
never yet received anything like the attention it
should do ; a great deal of vacant space might, with-
out prejudice to other subjects, be rendered most charm-
ingly attractive. Call into requisition for such work the
varied and elegant greenery of Ferns, and fancy how
difl'erent would be the aspect of many of our houses !
The dearth of climbers and droopers is bad enough,
but add to this the absence of basket embellishment,
and the picture above the stages is dismal. The pre-
vailing notion seems to be to cram the stage with
goodies, as if the eye was never intended to look
heavenward. If, in addition to this arrangement,
excellent enough in its way, the area of the
house is broken up by tastefully disposed baskets of
Ferns, or suitable Bowering plants, how much more
enjoyment would be derived from an intellectual
survey of such a house. Cliaain a son got'il, as the
French say, but mine is much in favour of this kind
of decoration. The number of Ferns and other
plants suitable for the work is very great, and offers a
wide 6eld to select from, but none should be chosen
for the purpose unless of a drooping or gracefully
arching habit, so that elegance of contour is assured.

There is no doubt that wire baskets are preferable for
general purposes, as a diversity of shape can better
be secured than when made of other material. I
made very pretty Fern baskets, years ago, of shells
and rock-chippings in the following simple manner : —
A mould was formed in a vessel of damp sand, upon
which the stones or shells were arranged closely
together, and when the framework was completed I
backed the whole up with soft Portland cement, leav-
ing holes here and there for drainage, also three or

four in the sides for the suspending wires. Of course
this kind of vessel requires a certain amount of
personal attention, but when the work is done con
amove this is not of paramount consideration. Pre-
suming wire baskets are selected, the work of filling
should be elTectively accomplished, with small baskets
the simpler the better. I .idmire such very much as
the receptacles lor a single species, the basin being
dressed with common Selaginella. What can be
prettier in a small basket than Adiantum amabile, or
A. caudatum ? With large baskets of course some
amount of care and taste will be required to make
them look well. A groundwork of Selaginella, Tra-
descantia and variegated Panicum should be made,
and some small Ferns should be arranged through the
openings here and there as the filling up proceeds.
If any difiiculty arises from the soil falling through,
this may be easily met by placing some pieces of
coarse sacking next the moss, which will effectually
prevent the evil, and of course it is desirable to use
the rougher portion of the soil first. The character of
the plants may vary ad lib. ; a good central plant is
found in a well-coloured Croton or Dracsena, which
may be surrounded with Ferns or other smaller foliage
or flowering plants ; but see that the margin is fringed
with Ferns, or some subjects which will droop over
it, and thus present an informal appearance. Baskets
of mixed subjects are most suitable for the stove,
greenhouse, or conservatory. For the fernery I think
they should be occupied exclusively with Ferns ; and,
generally speaking, this is as effectually accomplished
by using separate species as by arranging two or more
kinds together. This is the plan adopted at Kew,
and the appearance is all that can be desired.

I was much struck, when at Messrs. Birkenhead's,
of Sale, recently, with the number of Ferns they had
suspended upon pieces of cork and blocks of wood ;
the former is perhaps preferable. Some rough peat
is secured to the blocks with the Ferns, usually
rhizomatous species, by means of copper wire, and,
being kept well supplied with water, they make most
healthy growth, and look more natural than when
arranged in baskets. This is an excellent plan for
Davallias, several of the Polypodiums, &c.

The number of suitable species for this work is very
great, and I can only mention a few which I have
noted at Kew and elsewhere, and have used with
excellent effect. The following require stove temper-
ature : — Adiantum amabile, A. caudatum, A. concin-
num, A. dolabriforme, A. lunulatum, A. tetraphyllum
gracile, A. tenerum ; Asplenium alatum (very elegant
for a small baiket), A. cicutarium, and A. longissi-
mum (this requires to be much elevated, as the fronds
are drooping and grow a great length) ; Davallia dis-
secta, D. fijiensis, and its variety plumosa penta-
phylla ; Goniophebium subauriculatum, Gymno-
gramma peruviana (the finest silver Fern), Nephro-
lepis davallioides, N. Duffi, and N. pectinata. The
following varieties are excellent for greenhouse treat-
ment : — Adiantum assimile, A. ciliatum, A. gracilli-
mum, A. rubellum, A. Williamsii, and A. venustum ;
Asplenium biforme, A. bulbiferum, A. flabellifolium,
A. furcatum, and A. macrophyllum ; Cheiianthes
capensis, C. myriophylla, C. tomentosa, and C.
vestita (these are very charming in small baskets) ;
Davallia bullata, D. canariensis, and the variety
pulchella, D. Mariesii, D. Mooreana, and D. novze-
zelandise ; Lomaria ciliata and L. Gilliesii ; Micro-
lepia hirta cristata ; Pellcea ornithopus, ternifolia
and flexuosa ; Pteris cretica, P. scaberula (a very
beautiful species), and all the varieties of P. serrulata,
P. Woodwardia radicans, and its crested variety.
PIcris.

ORCHID PRUNING.

THtJNIAS.— It is somewhat too early to judge of
the wisdom or otherwise of the pruning system for
Deodrobiums by what has been done by pruned
plants this year. We have tried it on several well-
established plants of the stronger growing species,
and these are growing side by side with similar kinds,
the old bulbs of which were allowed to remain. An
experiment made on Thunias this year is, however,
complete enough in its results, and these are so striking
as to be worth recording. It may be said that in the
case of Orchids which cast their last year's bulbs as
soon as those of this year are well started, the
removal of the old bulbs would not make so great a
difference in the growth as would be expected to
occur where the bulbs are persistent, and therefore, in
the opinion of many authorities, are intended to be of
service to the plant in some way or other.

Selecting, last spring, some of the strongest plants
of Thunia alba, T. alba var. superba, and T. Ben-
sonire, the last year's bulbs were removed as soon
as the new growth was 6 inches high and well rooted.
By the side of the pruned plants those of which the
bulbs had been allowed to remain were growing, so
that the treatment for both was exactly the same.
The unpruned plants made splendid growths, and
flowered freely during the summer, but of the plants
that had had their old bulbs removed not one had a
growth more than half as strong as the unpruned
plants produced, and only two of the plants of T.
alba produced flowers. There was, of course, a
marked difference between the pruned and unpruned
plants in this case, and so far as this experiment goes,
pruning for at least some Orchids is not advantageous
to the new growth, but the reverse. \V. W,

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

Stokesia cvanea. — A very distinct handsome
blue Composite, of dwarf habit. The leaves are lan-
ceolate, toothed at the base, the flower-heads 3 inches
across, with a leafy involucre in several rows. The
flower-heads resemble those of a Centaurea, but are of
a lilac-blue colour. The plant is hardy, but does well
for greenhouse decoration. The specimens sent are
from Mr. Ware, of Tottenham, who also sends fine
samples of Zauschneria californica, a showy perennial,
with orange-scarlet flowers, to which we have recently
alluded.

From Messrs. Veitchcome Hymenanthera cras-
SIFOLIA, a Cotoneaster-like evergreen shrub, with very
dark foliage, most of the shoots of the current year's
growth thickly studded to half their length with
opaque white berries (this was figured in our columns
December 7, 1S78, p. 725); and Clerodendron
TRICHOTOMUM, a handsome deciduous flowering*
shrub, with large acuminate foliage. The flowers are
creamy-white, borne on loose cymes, buds and calyx
rosy-purple.

Helenium pumilum, a brilliant golden Com-
posite, with flowers about 2 inches in diameter
arranged as a single row of petals round an orange-
coloured disc. Chrysanthemum cokonarium
Fi.ORE-PLENO, beautiful yellow flowers like golden
Balchelor's Buttons (this was figured in our columns,
p. 541, April 28, 1S83) ; and C. CORONARIUM ALBO
FLORE-PLENO, a lemon-coloured variety, said to be
very floriferous. It can be increased from cuttings.
The above three flowers came from Mr. M. Culh-
bertson, florist, Rothesay, N.B.

AN EXTENSIVE JERSEY PEAR
ORCHARD.

Among the very many successful cultivators of the
Chaumontelle Pear in Jersey — where, as we all know,
this king of Pears grows to a perfection unrealised
elsewhere— Mr. Philip Gosset, of Bagot Manor, St.
Saviour's, ranks pre-eminent. The homestead of this
gentleman stands within easy strolling distance, and
to the eastward of the town of St. Helier, and has
been for ages past in the possession of his family — an
old and noble Huguenot one, which, seeking refuge
in Jersey after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes,
settled there, and has now become one of the most
influential in the island.

With the introduction of a friend I had no difficulty
in obtaining admission into the "plantation" I came
to see, and I found its owner courteously ready to
show me everything, and to tell me all I desired to
know about it; and, as "interviewings " and their
chats are now so common a fashion of journalistic
literature, I see no just cause or impediment to hinder
me recording in the Gardeners' Chronicle my talk
iffith Mr. Gosset anent his interesting place and ils
perfect culture in that popular form.

Said he, as I entered his demesne, "After all, I
am but an amateur Pear grower, and don't profesr,
save in the extent of ground I cultivate, to do more
with Chaumontelles than do others. But upon the
question of the space I have under that culture I may
be, as you put it, primus ante omncs, I have a
plantation which covers some forty rerjhs of land — in
English measurement about 17 acres — and these aie
are almost entirely stocked wiih Chaumontelles ; for,
although I grow other Pears, such as Williams' Bon
Chretien, Doyenne du Cornice, Beurre d*AmanIis,
Beurre Diel, Easter Beurr^, St. Germain d'hivcr,

396

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

Beurre d'Aremberg, Belle de Jersey, Catillac, and
others, I give my attention mainly to the Chau-
montelle — as, indeed, you may see. I have now
12,000 of this kind of Pear tree planted in per-
manent [sites, most of them either in actual bearing
or to become so, more or less, next year, and I have
besides a quantity of young trees ready for transplant-
ing into newly made ground, or to replace old trees.
My trees — no matter what species of Pears they pro-
duce— are all laid out in squares of about half an
acre in size. I put them in mathematically exact
lines facing north and south, giving about 9 feet
between the rows. I allow nothing whatever to be
grown in the interspaces ; I do not think it at all
advisable to subtract nourishment from the roots of
the Pear trees into other substances, and by this
arrangement I make my place more pleasing to the
eye as well. I never suffer my trees to grow beyond
what may be called a bush (excepting those trained
along the walls), so that they may be within easy
reach of a man's arm for pruning and picking as he
stands upon the ground, I find, too, that this con-
venient height does not permit the winds of Heaven
to visit their faces too roughly, to put it poetically,
<i la Hamlet,

" You think that much valuable land is wasted by
the wide carriage roads with which I encircle each
square of trees ? Not so. These wide ways are
quite necessary for transporting the crops and convey-
ing manure to the trees. When they are all gravelled
and smoothly rolled they will contrast prettily with
the rest of the ground ; even now, in their partly
unfinished condition, they strike the eye picturesquely.

" Well, yes ; the site of my plantation is good.
First there is the amphitheatre of hills which shelter
it on all sides except on the south-east to south-west,
but in which direction I have planted a screen of
Poplars, which if they continue to Sourish as healthily
as they have hitherto done will soon become a regular
belt. Then the land slopes gently from north to
south, is thoroughly well drained naturally and arti-
ficially, and is walled in all round. I utilise the walls,
as I before mentioned, for the fruit which will not
grow in the open — the Easter Beurre, for instance.
The subsoil is clay, upon which rests a stratum of
richly manured loam at least 3 feet in depth. The
manure I employ is a mixture of animal and vegetable,
both thoroughly well rotted ; and that it suits the
taste of the Fear trees is certam, for look at those fine
tall healthy shoots, 7 feet high and more, and which
are the upsprings from maiden trees of this very
season only.

"Upon what are the Chaumontelles grafted?
Why, upon the Quince, as the tree produces its fruit
more quickly when so dealt with than when grafted
upon the free stock. I have imported the trees from
France as maiden trees. In that country, notwith-
standing its being the /ons et origo of this valuable,
delicious, bonne bouche of a Chaumontelle Pear, it is
remarkable what a poor specimen of its kind it is —
hardly worth the eating. But bring it into Jersey ;
rear it in our equable climate, so free from cutting
east winds, severe frosts, and other untoward circum-
stances, and, lo and behold I it flourishes and fruits
to perfection, as all the world knows ; though perhaps
none but gardeners are aware that of all the Pear trees
in this, its favourite habitat, it is one of the first to
flower in the spring, and about one of the last to
mature its fruit in the autumn, when it has to be
picked and kept for winter use. The finest Chau-
montelles seldom exceed one pound in weight, and
their general average may be stated at from 6 to
10 oz. each. I have never calculated the extent of
my crop in bushels, but numerically I have picked
thousands every year. I expect to get a splendid
gathering this year ; for upon the older trees, as you
may remark, there is an abundant show of fruit, some
of them, especially those so carefully clothed in net
bags, being of the most promising size. This is a
chance feather in my cap, for all over the island the
crops are said to be scanty, nevertheless I look upon
this good crop of mine as being due to the shelter of
my plantation.

" Do I go in for anything else in the way of fruit
than Pears ? Yes, sparsely. I grow Grapes in my
vineries, and in some forcing-houses I have I force
early Strawberries."

I was now about to take my departure, when Mr.
Gosset stopped me.

" Stay a minute longer," said he ; "I am bound
to show you a Fig tree of mine. It is an Ischia Fig,
more than eighty years of age, but yet of such virility

that it produced as much fruit this year as I ever
knew it before, perhaps owing to the lovely season
we have had. And you must take a peep as well at
my rooms for storing the Pears to ripen. They
are pretty extensive, as much space is needed. I
pick my Chaumontelles from the 3d to the loth of
October. I place them in shallow boxes, answering
the purpose of shelves, and early in November I ship
them for England. They will then further ripen
towards the end of November, and in the following
month will appear at the dessert-tables of those who
are rich and luxurious enough to buy them. It is not
given to every one in England to eat a first-rate Jersey
Chaumontelle Pear, I can tell you, for a mere song."
H. L. C.

ERICA ^MULA.

The Erica eemula here figured (fig. 71) was 4 feet
in diameter and 2 feet high from the surface of the
soil, and was a plant rescued from a bad state of
health when Mr. Coles first commenced his duties
with Mr. Lawless ; and when it passed into the hands
of Mr. Gilbers, Hastings, for four guineas, it was in
perfect health, and a very handsome specimen. It,
too, had done good service as an exhibition plant, and
together with many other varieties, all good specimen
plants, did great credit to Mr. Coles, who knew well
the secret of the successful cultivation of this superb
class of plants, but not more so than he did those of
other stove and greenhouse plants under his care, as
testified by his successes at the London and provincial
exhibitions.

|)rj:I|l(l j|ot£s mi mmm^%

Dendrobium Phal.«nopsis. — Amongst the few
good garden Orchids introduced from the Australian
continent we have about half-a-dozen Dendrobiums
which are more or less popular on account of the
beauty and distinctness of their flowers. D. Phalse-
nopsis, although described in the Gardeners'
Chronicle four years ago, when it was pointed out to
be a good species, and the finest of the Australian
Dendrobes, still remains to be introduced in quantity.
At present we know of it only in the Kew collection,
where it is now flowering, a small plant with one
flowering pseudobulb, which bears upon its apex a
double spike of large mauve or lilac flowers, with a
deeper shade in the broad petals. The labellum is
almost purple, with a large blotch of deep maroon on
the throat. Both in habit of plant and in the
general outline of the flowers, D. Phalrenopsis bears
some resemblance to D. bigibbum, but the flowers
are almost as large again, and there is also a difference
in the colours and in the shape of the labellum. The
Kew plant is additionally interesting because of its
having been collected in the Island of Timor, whereas
in Fitzgerald's Australian Orchids, where a figure of
D. Phalsenopsis is given, Queensland is stated to be
the native place of this species. Like the rest of the
Dendrobes of the bigibbum set, this new introduction
thrives only in a tropical moist house, and when
making its growth should be hur^g near the glass,
where the sunlight could reach it for a greater portion
of the day. All these Australian Dendrobiums are
rather difticult to keep in health and vigorous growth
for any length of time, but so far as my experience
goes, they thrive fairly satisfactorily when treated as
above recommended. D. speciosum, and its variety
Hillii, are perhaps the only exceptions among the
Australian Dendrobiums to the above, as they grow
and flower well every year if treated along with
Cattleyas in the intermediate-house. The best of the
Dendrobiums from Australia are D. bigibbum, D.
superbiens, D. Gouldii, and D. Phalasnopsis ; the
second-rate ones are D. Johannis, D. canaliculalum,
and D. speciosum ; whilst in D. tetragonum, D.
Kingianum, D. cucumerinum, and several other small
kinds, we have some of those distinct and interesting
little species which are popularly spoken of as
botanical plants. Specimens of the above are in the
cultivated collection at Kew. A'.

Odontoglossum vexili.arium Lawrenceanum
suggests itself as a proper name for that wonderful
variety which has now again flowered with Sir Trevor
Lawrence, the names superbum, splendens, &c..

having been applied to so many varieties, that in the
case of his plant they would have no meaning. Its
flowers are of perfect form, and of a peculiar bright
pink tint, but the main attraction is the upper por-
tion of the labellum, which is of the deepest blood-
red, clearly and regularly set on a pure white ground,
the lower part of the labellum being of the same tint
as the petals. It will be remembered that, when a
very tiny plant, Sir Trevor Lawrence saw enough in
it to warrant him giving something like ,^75 for it
at Stevens', and since that it has improved greatly,
and quite enough to warrant the outlay. Let it not
go without a distinguishing name. J. O'B.

Odontoglossum Pescatorei.— Mr. Douglas is
quite correct in his remark, that this plant' seldom
produces quite 100 flowers on a spike. At p. 332
the passage, "gracefully branched spikes, frequently
having from 100 to 150 flowers " on a plant was in-
tended.

Phal.«nopsis Reichenbachiana.— This latest
of novelties in Phatenopsis is now in flower with
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, the intro-
ducers, and proves itself to be worthy of the high
opinion formed of it when it flowered before on a fresh
imported plant. It is said to be near to P. pallens,
but it is evidently quite distinct from that variety, and
seems to partake of the characterists of both P.
speciosa and P. Luddemanniana. P. Reichenbachiana
has flowers equal in size and form to those of a good
P. Luddemanniana, Petals cream-coloured, strongly
marbled with reddish-crimson blotches, which in them-
selves are singular on account of their being as it were
rings enclosing cream-coloured spots of the same tint
as the ground colour of the petals. The lip is rose-
coloured with an orange base — woolly as in P. tetras-
pis. P. Reichenbachiana is a lovely and easily
recognised beauty, although a very rare one. J. O'B.

Tea Roses for Autumn Blooming.— During
a recent sojourn in North Wales one of the most
pleasant surprises amongst several was to see a com.
plete collection of Tea Roses in flower in the gardens
of Samuel Barlow, Esq . , J . P. , Shimdda Hir, Llandudno,
The time of my visit was the middle of September,
and at that time the bushes were crowded with hand-
some Roses. They had a good season to mature
their growths after the first time of flowering. The
weather was hot and dry, with the usual conditions
favourable to the development of mildew. Rose
growers may well ask what those conditions are, for
very few collections are free from this troublesome
parasite after the time of flowering is over in July.
The right thing to do is to attack it as soon as the
leaves show traces of its presence. At that time a
little dry sulphur dusted on the leaves will destroy it.
The Roses had been mulched in Mr. Barlow's garden
with decayed manure, and sufficient water had been
applied to the roots. This attention all good growers
will be sure to give their Roses, but they cannot hope
to have such an autumn bloom as may be seen here.
Indeed, I had taken great pains to make a good
bed for our Tea Roses by trenching and
manuring the ground, as well as by raising the bed
a foot higher than the ground level, as it is done in
the nursery of Messrs. Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, and
yet with all our care there is no comparison between
our Tea Roses and those in this favoured Welsh
garden. There are two conditions operating in favour
of Mr. Barlow's Roses, and these are climate and soil.
The clear and pure atmosphere we may long for, but
cannot obtain. The second is also out of the reach
of ordinary cultivators. Rich mountain loam cannot
be had without considerable cost. The garden where
these Tea Roses are growing and flowering so well
has been formed on a fertile part of the Little Orme.
The rich unctuous loam of this part seems specially
adapted for Roses, as hybrid perpeluals are also doing
well ; although they do not arrest one's attention as
the Teas do. The largest proportion of them are
budded on seedling Dog Roses, the best stock cer-
tainly for all Tea Roses that have to be grown and
flowered out-of-doors. There are also a number that
have been worked on the Manetti, and they have also
given considerable satisfaction, having flowered very
freely.although they cannot be said to make such vigorous

September 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

397

growths on this stock. I have found that it is not a
bad plan to grow some of the Tea Roses on their own
roots. The growth they sometimes make is very
remarkable, and there is no trouble whatever with
suckers. The more suckers the better, for they will
all produce flowers. I went carefully over the whole
collection and selected the varieties that made good
growths and flowered most freely, possessing at the
same time good quality. Perle des Jardins gives good
buds, and is a large well formed Rose of a pale
yellow : Anna Ollivier, rosy-salmon, a full*siied, dis-
tinct and good variety ; Amazone, vigorous, lemon-
colour, and good in the bud state ; Madame Hippolyte
Jamain, a well known distinct and good kind ;
Madame Capucine, very free blooming variety ;
Madame Charles, buff or soft apricot colour ; Souvenir
de Paul N(5ron, white, with a slight flush of rose at

Jean Ducher, a fine globular Rose ; Marie Van
Houtte, yellow ; Madame Berard, in the way of
Gloire de Dijon, but a neater variety ; Beaute de
I'Europe, brownish-yellow. AH these are vigorous-
growing kinds, and are producing a succession of
vigorous growths, which will give abundance of bloom
as long as the weather permits of it. J, Douglas.

Choice Roses. — Souvenir de Madame Berthier is
a fine addition to our hybrid perpetual Roses. It is
a deep full flower, with bruad, massive petals, and of
a pale rosy-pink colour suffused with cherry-red. As
shown by Mr. T. Mattock, of Oxford, it bears some
resemblance in build to Frant^ois Michelon, but con-
siderably deeper in colour. Mr. Mattock had this
and a beautiful white Noisette, named Cornelie Koch,
at the recent meeting of the Chippenham Horticul-
tural Society. The latter is something of the build of

DITTANY.

This name, which is a corruption of the Greek
word Dictamnum, or Dictamum, as it is also
written, is derived from Dicte, the name of a
mountain in Crete, upon which, in common with
Mount Ida in the same island, the plant is found.
The English name. Dittany, has been variously applied
by botanical writers, but belongs by a most ancient
right to one of the species of Origanum (Amaracus
of some authors) not very common in cultivation. It
is more commonly represented in modern gardens by
a closely allied species, known as "pink Hops," from
the likeness of the flower-head to a Hop in shape.
The nurseryman's name for the latter plant is Origa-
num pulchellum, but it answers to the description of
O. Tournefortii, which I think is its more correct

the edge of the petals ; Madame Willermoz still holds
a high place ; Comtesse Riza du Pare, salmon-rose,
large and fine flower ; Etoile de Lyon, sulphur ;
Madame Angele Jacquier, blush, full flower ; Devoni-
ensis and Alba rosea, two well known Roses, were
flowering beautifully ; Madame Joseph Schwartz,
a pretty blush white, globular Rose ; Souvenir
d'Elise Vardon was very fine ; Bouquet d'Or, a
strong-growing variety of the Gloire de Dijon
type, Madame Chedane Guinoisseau, bright pale
yellow, one of the freest bloomers, fine in the bud
state i William Allen Richardson should be classed
with the Noisettes, distinct, deep orange shaded with
yellow ; Madame Lambard, bright salmony-rose,
extra fine ; Catherine Mermet, flesh-colour, one of
the best; Hon. Edith Giffbrd, rosy-salmon, a fine
new Rose ; Reine Marie Henriette, deep rosy-red, a
very distinct hybrid Tea Rose ; Safrano, one of the
best to cut in the bud state ; this and Madame Falcot
are both excellent before the flowers open too much ;

Gloire de Dijon, and of a very delicate creamy
white, full of substance, and very charming. Messrs.
Paul & Son described it as lemon-yellow ; it may be
that soils affect its colour j they also state that it is
very free and double. Both Mr. Mattock and Mr.
JefTeries, of Cirencester, bore emphatic testimony to
the keeping qualities of Tea David Pradel : it is of a
very distinct colour at this season of the year, and it
will keep fresh and nice many days after being cut.
E. A. L.

Gros Maroc Grape. — Some specimens exhibited
at the last meeting at South Kensington suggest the
enquiry. What is (3ros Maroc ? In two or three of the
exhibits the berries shown under this name were round-
ish-oval, large, covered with an abundant bloom, while
in at least one other the berries were cylindric,
pointed at the apex, lighter coloured, and with less
bloom : which is right ? Dr. Hogg says Gros Maroc
is frequently confounded with Gros Damas, but this
latter is not otherwise mentioned in the Fruit
Manual,

name. It is easily grown, and quite hardy, and is a
pretty plant for rockeries, flowering freely at the end
of summer and through autumn. The true Dittany
(O. dictamnus) is a more tender plant), being liable
to die either from drought, or wet, or cold ; it is,
therefore, less frequently seen. It is well figured and
described in Curtis' Bot. Mag., tab. 29S, though the
variegated appearance of the leaves so conspicuous
in that plate is due, not to difference of colour, but to
an irregular arrangement of the wool with which the
leaves are enveloped. The thickness of this wool, and
the dwarfer and more compact growth of the plant,
form its most obvious distinctions from O. Tourne-
fortii.

Dittany derives its chief interest from the miraculous
healing powers attributed to it by the ancients, which
are frequently mentioned by the classical writers both
of Greece and Rome. It may be said in passing that
our plant has nothing to do either botanically or
historically with the Fraxinella of gardens, a plant un-

398

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

noticed in ancient times, but to which the generic
name of Dictamnus has somehow become applied.
The Cretan Dittany, however, is accurately described
by Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher, who wrote 300
years before the Christian era ; and the recent re-
searches of Sibthorp, Hocks, and others, leave no
doubt as to the identity of the plant. Theophrastus
in the ninth book of his History of Plants, says " The
Dictamnum is peculiar to Crete, and has wonderful
medicinal power in many ways. The plant is rare,
for the district in which it grows is of very limited
extent, and is much frequented by goats, which delight
in it. It is said to be quite true that, if a goat is shot
with an arrow, when it eats this plant the arrow falls
out," &c. The medicinal virtues deteriorate if the
plant is grown in fertile soil, as it naturally prefers
rocky ground. Cicero in the second book On the
Nature of the Gods, tells the same as Theophrastus
about the Dictamnus— that when wild goats in Crete
are wounded with poisoned arrows, they search for the
plant and eat it, upon which the arrow falls out. But
the most celebrated passage in the ancient classics about
the Dictamnus is in the twelfth book of the .-Eneid
of Virgil, whose beautiful poetry has certainly done
more to immortalise the plant and to make it a
favourite with us than any merits of its own. The
following is an outline of the story, the metrical
portions being from Professor Conington's transla-
tion : —

Just at the crisis of the great battle which was to
decide the fate of Italy /Eneas, at the head of his
men, was wounded by an arrow from an unknown
hand. The shaft broke off, leaving the head buried,
He was taken to his tent. The aged surgeon—

" In vain with hand and pincer tries
To loose the stubborn steel, "

but his mother, Venus, invisible to mortal eye, came
to the rescue, and —

■' Plucks Dittany, a simple rare,

From Ida's summit brown,
With flower of purple, bright and fair.

And leaf of softest down :
Well known that plant to mountain goat,
Should arrow pierce its shaggy coat ;
She drops it where, in shining ewer,
The crystal water stood ;
So with the medicated flood
The sage unknowing stanched the blood ;
Now at a touch, no violence used,
•Drops out the barbed dart,"

and the hero at once rushed back to the fight, a»d
completed the victory.

Pliny the elder, writing of the Dictamnus, only
repeats in Latin what Theophrastus ha I said nearly
four centuries before him in Greek. It remains to
speak of two or three notices of the plant by the
earlier English writers on botany. Turner, who
wrote the earliest English Herbal ox History of Plants,
printed in 156S, says of Dittany of Crete :— " I have
sene it growynge in England in Maister Riche's
gardin naturally, but it groweth nowhere ellis that I
know of saving only in Candy." Gerard figures the
plant under the name of Dictamnum crelicum (Dit-
tanie of Candle, p. 651, edition A.D. 1597). lie tells
us that it grew in his garden, where it flowered and bore
seed, " ihi'ugh Dioscorides wrilelh that it beareth
neither." He gives the passage from Virgil in homely
English verse, and tells us, amongst " the vertues" of
the plant, " It prevaileth much against all wounds,
and especially those made with invenomed weapons,
arrowes shot out of guns, or such like ; it draweth
forth also splinter of wood or bones. " The Dittany of
Crete is neither figured nor described by Parkinson,
though he tells us that the Fraxinella, which he calls
Bastard Dittany, is a far different plant from Dictam-
nus creticus. Linnxus, who appears to have been
rightly satisfied of its identity with the classical
Dictamnus, gave the plant the name it still bears of
Origanum dictamnus. Fifty years ago it was separated
from Origanum with the generic name of Amaracus.
This name is no longer admitted in the Genera
Plantarnm. It is hardly likely that Virgil would
hive apiilied two names so distinct to the same
Cretan Dittany, however suitable the soft downy
leaves of the latter may have been for the bed in
Cyprus, to which Venus carried her grandson Julus
through the air, and laid him, without waking,

" Where soft Amaracus receives.
And gently curtains him withe leaves."

C. Wollcy Dod, Ed^c Hall, Malpas, Cheshire.

THE WHEAT CROP OF 1884.

Up to the end of June there was every prospect of
a very abundant Wheat crop. The seed time was all
that could be desired, and the winter was unusually
mild ; the rainfall of every month from the end of
January to the end of June was much below the aver-
age, and the blooming of the Wheat bad taken place
during favourable weather. Many farmers, in walk-
ing round their fields at the time I mention, must
have felt that nothing now was wanting but a con-
tinuance of the favourable weather through July to
furnish an abundant harvest.

The rainfall in July was not excessive, and if the
whole amount of the rain that actually fell had ex-
pended itself in the course of three or four days it
would have done no harm. At Rothamsted rain fell
on eighteen days during the month, accompanied in
some cases with great storms of wind. I have rarely
seen the Wheat so completely prostrate, and in many
of our fields it could not have been laid more flat on
the ground even by means of a heavy roller. During
the two or three weeks in which the Wheat was
lying upon the hot, damp soil it suffered considerably
from mildew, and many of the ears turned quite black.
Fortunately the harvest month was brilliantly fine,
and the crops were secured in the best possible condi-
tion.

We have now arrived at the forty-first season of our
continuous Wheat crop. The following table gives
the produce of the same selected plots which, for the
last twenty-one years, we have employed for the pur-
pose of estimating the yield of the crop of the
country.

Harvests.

rt o

Eg

S g o

I2S

Artificial
Manures.

S"

I S 0^ (I4

■ o - ^

Bushels 0/ Dressed Corn Per Acre.

Present Year, 1884

13

32«

'38^43^

4oJi

4<>5i

28K'

Average 10

years,

1S74-83 ..

loji

29'A

20

%^V>.

My»

12"/«

24; it

Average 22

years,

1852-73 ..

W4

TM

WA

yiViyi

1«K

»85<t

Average 32

years.

L 1852-83 ..

>3H

2-i'A

3»K 36/8 36K

1 1

35

=7J<!

Wiight per Bushel of Dressed Com in Pounds.

Present Year, 1884

62/6

("%

1
6a>S 62}^ 62^1

62X

62}«

Average 10 years,

.874-83 .. ..

58;-«

boVi

60 S95i

5g!<

^0%

S9'^

Average 22 years.

1852-73 ..

57;'8

60

s<M 59

58M

'.Vh

1«!«

Average 31 years.

185283 ..

57«

6a

59M 59K

58 ji!

WA

59

Total Straw, Chaff, &=€

,fer

Acre in

Cw/s.

Present Year, 1884

S/s

30M

^36'A\46ii\*3H

4''A

a6;s

Average 10

years,

1874-83 ■

8:H

=8H

3.%

39h itH

37«

25

Average 22

years,

1S52-73 ■

"'3

13 W

uH

40K 4"

39J-8

28M

Average 32

yeais.

1

1852-83 .

lOa ■ 31^8

33.H

40K 4'?4

38.58

'7'/,

The general character of the crop' resembles that
of last year, while the mean of the three artificially
manured plots is exactly the same, in both cases the
amount being 4oiJ bushels per acre. The yield o( the
plot which receives farmyard dung, however, is nearly
3 bushels less than it was last year, being 32 J bushels
per acre, instead of 35 J bushels per acre. As this
crop was not much laid I fear it indicates that the
damp weather in JulyalTected even the standing corn,
and that generally throughout the country the results
of the threshing-machine will de disappointing.

The mean results of the figures give an average
yield of 28:J bushels per acre, weighing 62ij lb. per
bushel, equal to 29JJ bushels of 61 lb. This is
6 bushels in excess of the average of the same plots
taken over the last ten years, and rather less than
2 bushels in excess of the average of twenty-two years.
The present year's crop, therefore, may be considered
to be more than an average, but yet not a great crop.

The area under Wheat in the United Kingdom for

* Equal to 29^ bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel.

t Equal to 23^8 bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel.

J Equal to 27?^ bushels, at 6i lb. per bushel.

§ Equal to 26H bushels, at 61 lb. per bushel.

the present year, as given in the agricultural returns,
is 2,745,485 acres. Calculating the yield at 29,'
b ushels per acre, and deducting 2^ bushels per acre
for seed, we have an available produce of 9,308,910
quarters. The estimated number of people to be fed
during the year from September i, 1SS4, to August 31,
1SS5, is slightly over 36J millions. Upon an average
consumption of 5.65 bushels per head, our require-
ments will amount to 25,628,697 quarters, of which
our own crop will furnish gi millions, leaving 16J
millions to be imported from foreign countries.

The imports of foreign Wheat — less exports— into
the United Kingdom for the harvest year of
1SS3 — 1S84 amounted to 15,815,878 quarters; while
the requirements, based upon the yield of my own
crop last year, amounted 15,771,285. The actual
imports, therefore, agree almost exactly with the
calculated requirement ; but this accuracy is apparent
rather than real. The stock nf foreign Wheat in the
warehouses on September i, 18S3, was known to be
enormous, and this stock has probably been reduced.
The low price of Wheat during the past year has also
caused a larger proportion ol home-grown Wheat to
be consumed by stock, and the still lower prices
which are likely to prevail during the coming year
will tend to increase this consumption.

The imports of foreign Wheat during each year do
not, therefore, at the present time supply so reliable
a measure of the annual requirements as was the case
formerly, when the stocks of foreign Wheat had not
assumed such gigantic proportions, y, B. La:ues,
Rothamsted, September 22.

fHE pF^OPAQATOR.

The Propagation and Culture of Aralias
(Greenhouse Varieties). — The present is the best
time (or obtaining or increasing a stock of these
elegant plants, and it would be a good plan for the
gardener to select a few good varieties and make a
general batch of cuttings and grafts. The plants
treated below are greenhouse varieties, and will, as a
rule, meet the requirements of the gardener.

Aralia papyrifera is a variety the graceful and
ornamental foliage and tropical appearance of which
makes it a prominent object of attraction, especially
when grown in large masses, and it is largely used
not only in the gardens and parks of this country but
also on the Continent. With regard to its propaga-
tion, it can be most freely increased from the roots,
which are best obtained when the plants are lifted in
the autumn to be potted up for the winter. The roots
should be cut up into 2-inch lengths, which should be
dibbled into pans or pots, taking care to place the
root-cuttings an inch apart, and to make the tops of
them level with the surface of the soil. The holes
made by dibbling can be filled up with dry sand.
After well watering them place in a warm house upon
a gentle bottom-heat, where they should be kept
moderately watered. When the growths the cuttings
have started are 2 inches high they must be potted
each into a small 60-sized pot, watered and replaced
upon the bottom-heat, and here they must remain
until they have filled their pots with roots ; they can
then be potted into large 48's, and replaced upon the
bottom-heat until they are well rooted in these pots,
when they can be gently hardened ofl^ and moved to
a cooler house, and, if necessary, they can be placed
in larger pots. Soil composed as follows is best
suited for the root-cuttings :— Onehalfloam, one-third
peat, and one-fourth sand. To every bushel of this
soil add a 4S-potful of finely broken potsherds or
ballast, mix the whole well together, and sift through
a j-inch sieve. The old plants should be grown
upon a cold bottom in the intermediate-house, and
care should be taken never to syringe them overhead
while they are making young growths because it will
cramp these, and thus disfigure the plant when it has
developed itself.

Oreopanax dactylijolius, or Aralia daetyli folia. —
As this is a very strong growing variety it is necessary
to keep what are called "stock plants." One or
more plants should be set aside and cut back occa-
sionally so as to weaken the growths, and thus render
them more suitable for cuttings. A few stock plants
of any valuable variety, when kept in this way,
although 'unsightly, are very useful, and are always
producing cuttings which saves the young stock. In
the selection of cuttings the weakest growths, but
ripe wood, should be taken. Each piece should have

StPTEMBER 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

399

from three to five leaves attached, and should be cut
oft" at the bottom with a sharp knife. Place firmly in
a thumb-pot, with a small slick to which the main
stem of ihe culling should be firmly tied, and each
leaf should be looped up. Water the cuttings, and
place in a frame or case, on a gentle boltom-heat.
They should not be allowed to become dry ; ventila-
tion should be given for an hour, night and morning,
and they should be shaded from the hot rays of the
sun. \Vhen the cultings have rooted they should be
stood for a few days upon the open bottom-heat out-
-side the case, for the purpose of hardening them. At
the end of that time they can be potted into large
6o's, and replaced upon the boltom-heat, where they
must remain until they are well rooted ; they can
then be polled into large 4S's, and moved on to a cold
bottom.

Orcopanax (Ara/ta) platanijolia, — As this is a
vigorous growing plant the weakest growths should
be selected for cuttings. The wood of these should
be quite ripe, and the growth well finished up. If
the cutting is what is called strong, pieces with two
leaves should be taken, but weak growths should have
from three to five leaves attached. Place each cutting
firmly inlo a pot, and lie to a stick. Water them and
place in a culling frame, where they will receive the
same attention as given above.

Aralia iiuiH'/uefolia, — This plant combines a very
free growth and hardy constitution, with an orna-
mental and elegant appearance, which renders it a very
useful plant for the conservatory. The propagation
of it can be conducted in the manner given above,
but the soil best suited for the old plants is a mixture
of one-half turfy loam, one-third peat, and one-quarter
liver sand.

A. hetcromorpha^ A. trifoliata^ A. crassifo/ia, &c.,
will do well as directed for the last-named variety.
T. O.

plants and i\\iii{ |;iltuiif.

Greenhouse Plants. — The splendid weather of
the past few weeks has been most favourable to the
entire collection of these plants, whether they be of
the soft-wooded or of the Cape and New Holland
hard-wooded sections ; both alike should have been
benefited bythesunny weather of late. The growths will
be now thoroughly ripened, and so be more fit to go
through our changeable winter weather, and give the
promise of a good bloom at their proper season if the
plants are in good health and vigour. Though many
of these plants will not yield any great display for
some months to come it is still satisfactory to be able
to look forward with the hope of a good return when
the time arrives, pleasant anticipations being equally
as enjoyable to the practical cultivator as the realisa-
tion irself. We cannot look iorward to a long con-
tinuation of this favourable weather, and in order to
be on the safe side there should be no delay in storing
all the stock that is standing out-of-doors. This
annual routine of work often requires no small amount
of contriving and ingenuity in order to give to every
section its suitable position.

Overcrowding of the stock is frequently a necessary
evil where the glass space at command is inadequate
to the requirements. A little later on, as any fruit-
houses become liberated of their crops and pruning
operations are performed, matters will be made easier
in this respect. The advice before given needs again to
be repeated in regard to the clearing away of useless
or unhealthy stock. By close observance the former
can soon be regulated to the given requirements of
each case, but the latter needs to be dealt with in a
decisive manner ; where there is no prospect of bring-
ing plants that are in an unhealthy state into a thriv-
ing one, the better way will be to consign them to
the rubbish-heap at once, and take in hand young
stock that will soon grow into more creditable speci-
mens than the sickly ones. Duplicates of any given
kind should not be allowed in the specimen state,
unless it be in the case of plants grown for forcing
purposes, and thus worked into flower in successive
stages ; we, however, advise every one, if possible, to
have young stock coming on to succeed the larger
ones : these latter, when overgrown, can frequently
be turned to a good account in a business manner.

Before the plants are taken into their winter
quarters the houses should have a thorough cleansing,
washing the glass on both sides, for the admission of
the greatest amount of light during the winter. Look
also to any repairs that may be needed to the heating
apparatus, so as to avoid as far as possible any break-
down when in active use. If the roofs have been
covered, or partially so, with climbing plants, those
should be thinned out somewhat, at least such as are
past their best, sparing such only as are likely
to give a good return at an early date,
and those kinds which do not greatly ob-
struct the entry of light and air, such as the Lapa-
gerias, Overhaul all the plants as they are brought

in, washing the pots, looking to the drainage, and
keeping a close watch after any insect pests. In
regard to the latter, it may be stated that some plants
which are known to withstand a few degrees of frost
will be benefited by this exposure, to rid them of
their enemies ; others will need fumigation, and some
a strong solution of insecticide to be elTectual. In
arranging the plants some judgment will be needed to
suit each case ; the more tender genera should be
placed where they are the less exposed to cold winds ;
others that thrive best in a damp place should have
their requirements studied also. Klevate freely any
plants that are likely to become drawn, and bring
them as near to the glass as possible. Avoid standing
two large plants in close proximity to each other, but
rather arrange a smaller one between such, to secure
a better circulation of air around every plant.
Give abundant ventilation on all favourable occasions ;
do not close at night for some time to come, unless a
touch of frost is apprehended. The plants will not
in this manner feel any perceptible change in their
transition from the open air to that of the greenhouse
or pit, as the case may be. If any heavy rainfall
should intervene before the plants are brought under
cover, be cautious in the use of the water-pot for a
lime. In the case of Indian Azaleas and Rhododen-
drons less water than usual will tend to secure the
development of bloom-buds, whereas an overplus may
excite the plants to push lateral growths at the base
of the bud, to the weakening of the latter, or to cause
it eventually to turn blind in the case of vigorous
growing varieties. If pressed for time for a few weeks
to come any training operations can be deferred for a
more favourable opportunity.

Cold Pits, &c.— These will still accommodate
many plants ; in fact, unless the weather be very
severe, herbaceous Calceolarias can be easily wintered
in such places with advantage to the plants.
Cinerarias also may remain in them for a time longer,
by using caution against injury from overcrowding or
moisture. Primulas will soon need removal to an
airy shelf in one of the cool houses, or to a heated pit.
Pay attention to the small stock of these for late
spring blooming. Cyclamen will do very well with
the same treatment as that suited to the Primulas.
Solanums that are grown for the sake of their berries
are with us all lifted and potted up, though still
standing in a shaded spot in the open air. Ttiey are
berried better this season than we have ever had
them ; having gone over them and pinched back all
shoots close to the last promising berry, they now
show otT their crops to advantage. Roses in pots
that need a shift had better be seen to at once ; over-
potting, however, should be avoided, better results
being invariably obtained by occasional top-dressing
and feeding well when in active growth. When
potting is contemplated — which in every case is ne-
cessary at some time or the other — reducing the ball
may be practised in nearly every case should the
plant have reached its allotted size. All additions to
the stock of hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas,
Kalmias and Andromedas, Lilacs and Deutzias should
be made without delay, and the pots plunged in
ashes after being once well watered. James Hitdson,
Gtinnersbmy House Garden.

]pF(UITg "yNDEFJ 'Q]LAgg.

f_

Pines. — If the plants have been prepared to endure
the sun, as was advised in our last notes, shading
should now be discontinued ; the sun's rays having
become enfeebled full exposure to them will be of
service in assisting, with the use of free but careful
ventilation, to mature the growth as soon as possible
before the dull days begin. It is very important that
this maturation should take place, in order that the
plants may pass through the winter well ; and in the
case of early fruiters, that their progress may be rapid
when, they are started in the new year, else there will
be a risk of their failing to fruit until a fresh growth
has been made, and a number may not fruit at all.
Successional plants that were potted in February and
later are still growing freely ; those, however, that
are intended for early fruiting must be brought to a
state of rest early in the coming month, when they
should have a temperature of 60" at night, and be
guarded from excitement. Fruiting plants out of
blossom should have every inducement to swell
their fruits rapidly and well, for which purpose a
brisk temperature and moderately moist atmosphere
must be maintained, the humidity being pro-
moted by the plants being damped between at
closing time, and the pathways more or less fre-
quently as is found requisite. Evaporating pans are
beneficial for this purpose in large houses, but we
found them unnecessary, in fact we can succeed best
without them, in our low structures having sunken

pathways, with the beds in which the plants are
plunged on a level with the surrounding ground — a
kind of house well adapted for Pine culture. Over-
head syringings should be now discontinued, the
watering executed as formerly recommended, and the
fire-heat be so regulated that the pipes are kept warm
through the day, and heated at night sufficiently to
prevent the temperature declining below 70*.
Suckers being fairly well rooted should have such
treatment as will keep them compact and robust, to
secure this they should be kept at present moving
gently in a night temperature of 65°, with a slight rise
in warmth by day, while air should be freely given
without subjecting them to a chill ; their balls of soil
then should be preserved in a healthy condition, by a
discreet use of the water-pot and syringe, care being
taken that the tops of the plants are not wetted.

Strawberries. — It is some years since we had
such a favourable time for Strawberry plants in pots
as we have had this season. No further proof of this
is wanted than in the bold ripened crowns, which
are belter than we remember having them for some
years, although there has been no change in the treat-
ment ; the unusual excellence must therefore be
attributed to the weather, the continuance of which it
is to be desired should extend to the end of the ensuing
month so that the crowns may be ellicienlly matured.
In such a case forcing may commence early, and, if
properly conducted, with a certainty of success. Plants
that were potted early have now filled their pots with
roots, and will retjuire attention in watering, those
that are weak should be assisted with liquid manure,
of which nothing is better than that from sheep's
droppings, which should be used in a clear state,
while such plants as are strong and have rooted
through their pots should be lifted occasionally so
as to check the roots penetrating the bed of ashes.
As a preventative to this evil it is a good plan to
place a piece of slate under each pot. Where the
plants have been arranged closely more space must be
given before the plants are injured. This will be
the more needful when the present fine weather gives
place to that which is dull and wet. Plants of
Vicomtesse Ilc'ricart de Thury and other suitable,
varieties that were kept after being forced for autumn
fruiting would now be benefited if moved under glass ;
those that have set their fruits should be placed in a
structure where they can have the assistance of arti-
ficial heat and copious supplies of liquid-manure to
swell their fruits ; they should be kept clean by being
daily syringed in fine weather until the fruit com-
mences to ripen, when a dry air should be afforded
them. The present state of the weather is very suit-
able for plants in bloom ; they should, however, be
placed in a cool pit well up to the glass, and be
liberally ventilated until the fruit is set, when ihey
can be pushed forward or kept back as may be
required.

Vines. — Ripe Grapes are keeping well this sea
son, for it is quite an exception to see a decayed berry
on any variety ; but the continued dry slate of the
air cannot be expected to prevail much longer, so that
means of coping with damp weather should be con-
sidered. That which aids the good keeping of Grapes
most is a dry moving atmosphere, and a properly re-
gulated temperature ; for the latter no fixed figures
should be adhered to, it should rather vary with the
weather, the aim being to keep that inside a few
degrees above the outside so as to prevent condensation
of moisture oil the benches; the former should not
however be allowed to fall below 5o^ With regard
to the atmosphere being kept dry and circulating, the
latter slate can be attained by keeping both the front
and back ventilators much or little opened at all
times, but exception to this rule must be made on
days when the weather is wet or foggy, when they
should be all kept shut. The fire-heat will do much
in expelling moisture, but the correct course to follow
is as far as possible to prevent it ; for this end all leaves
should be gathered as they fall, and no plant requiring
water should be kept in the houses, internal borders,
in order to keep the Vines healthy, must be watered
when necessary, but evaporation can in a great mea-
sure be counteracted by some non-conducting material,
such as dry, short litter being placed over the surface
of the border, which should be removed each time the
borders are watered and replaced again immediately
after. In the consumption of Grapes it is wise to use
up all bad keepers first ; of black kinds the Ham-
burgh is at the present time most generally consumed,
and may be followed by Alicantes, which are in sea-
son from November to January, while Alnwick Seed-
ling and Lady Downe's Seedling are invaluable to
come in after them in succession, the latter excelling
all others in point of keeping, and for this reason there
is every probability of its remaining popular. Of
whites, the Muscat of Alexandria eclipses other sorts
both in flavour and good keeping qualities. If the wood
of newly-planted Vines is matured firing should be dis-
continued ; on the other hand, if still unripe, a warm
temperature and circulating air should be upheld
until their foliage commences to fall. Thomas Coomber^
'J he Hindi c Gardens^ Monmouth,

400

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

Sept.

Wednesday, Oct.

Thursday, Oct.

Oct

Saturday, Oct.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe& Morris'

Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms,
«;o„, -^^ I Sale of Flowering and Established Orchids,
sept. 30 ^ ^j Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

f Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms;
( also Imported Orchids.
' Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms
Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms
r Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
3 1 at Protheroe & Morris.
, Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
I Rooms.
I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

AT a ripe old age, respected and honoured by
all who knew him, died, on the 21st inst.,
Isaac Anderson-Henry, of Hay Lodge,
Trinity, Edinburgh. For the last few years
Mr. Henry has been in failing health, which
necessitated his passing the last winter in the
south of France. On his return he seemed
better till an attack of paralysis ensued in July
last, and now comes the end. He was born in
Perthshire about the beginning of the century,
of an old family which held their possessions
for several centuries on payment to the Crown
of a white Rose at Midsummer. The name
Henry was assumed in later years in conse-
quence of some inheritance which necessitated
the addition. He was educated for the law,
and indeed practised it, devoting his leisure
time to the pursuit of horticulture, and, when
circumstances at length permitted it, giving up
his whole time to it. Mr. Henry was by no
means an ordinary gardener, satisfied to
grow what came before him. His ambition
soared higher, and he speedily became known
for the numerous and valuable introductions
which his acquaintance with the late Professor
Jameson, of Quito, and other friends, enabled
him to make. A list of a few of the more
remarkable plants introduced by him was given
in our columns in 1873, when we published a
portrait of the deceased gentleman, but since
that time many others have been added to the
list.

It is, however, as an experimentalist in
grafting and hybridisation that he will be
longest known. Writing to ourselves, when we
were urging upon those who had the requisite
time and opportunity, he remarked, " You are
doing good work in directing attention to this
matter. There are now so many intelligent
men — men of great natural power for observa-
tion in the practical field of botanical science,
that never were such efforts better timed for
sounding the tocsin and calling your forces into
action. A rich harvest awaits them. Too long
have they been satisfied with theories. This is
the time to put these to the test of experi-
ment, and no longer leave to the overtaxed
energies of one, though the Coryphteus of the
whole science, to work out his own laws by the
severe drudgery of manual experiment, all may
now see their way to aid him by the light
which Darwin has shed on so many of
Nature's darkest bye-paths. And let no one be
discouraged because he has done so much ;
there is plenty yet to do — victories still to be
won."

In this spirit did Anderson-Henry
work. He began his work as a hybridiser
about 1840. In his paper on "Hybridisa-
tion" before the Botanic Society of Edin-
burgh (reported in our volume for 1867) Mr.
Henry tells us of his early aspirations, his
many failures, and his successes ; how he
hoped to cross the Bramble with the Rasp-
berry ; how he endeavoured to raise a blue
Dahlia. With Rhododendrons he was more
successful, as the numerous hybrids raised by
him prove ; and, although he was often baulked
in his attempts to cross flowers even of close
affinity, yet he succeeded in ascertaining
many important facts, such, for instance, as the
effect of climate and season on the process.
Hybridisation, he found, could readily be
effected at some times, while at others no

results followed experiments on the same plants.
Moreover, he discovered that he could obtain
successful results by making use of the pollen
from short stamens of Rhododendrons, when
that from the long was ineffective. Among the
most successful of his hybrid progeny was the
well known Veronica Andersoni X, and his
experiments with this genus are of great import-
ance with reference to the question of the
degree of fertility of hybrids, and serve to
establish the fact that hybrids are not
necessarily more infertile than what are
called pure species — a point strongly in-
sisted on by Mr. Meehan in a contribution,
part of which is published in another column.
Mr. Henry's observations brought out some
critical remarks from another veteran experi-
mentalist, Mr. Rivers {Gardeners^ Chronicle,
1S67, p. 516), which also form a valuable contri-
bution to the subject. In a second paper, also
addressed to the Botanical Society of Edin-
burgh {Gardener^ Chronicle, 1S67, p. 1296), Mr.
Henry gives details as to the best method of
practically effecting hybridisation which should
be carefully studied by all experimenters ;
indeed the whole paper is so full of practical
suggestions and important results, that it would
be almost useless for us to allude at greater
length to special portions of it. We commend
it once again to the notice of our readers, satis-
fied that it will be considered as a fitting
memorial of a practical horticulturist of the
foremost rank.

The distribution of Awards at the Forestry
Exhibition has, we regret to see, given the
utmost dissatisfaction, not only in the special
case to which attention was called last week,
but also throughout other classes. An indig-
nation meeting was held on Monday last in
Edinburgh, under the presidency of Mr. Brown,
of a leading Edinburgh furnishing firm, when
some very forcible language was made use of,
and it was asserted that some firms had received
awards for goods they had never had in the
E.xhibition. The unfortunate jurors are declared
either to have been incompetent, or " traitors to
the well-being of their country." Such language
as this must surely have emanated from a feel-
ing of irritation rather than of calm judgment.
Be this as it may, the following resolution, pro-
posed by Mr. E. TAYLOR, of Sheffield, and
seconded by Mr. W. TiMMS, of Selig, Son-
nenthal & Co., was passed unanimously :^

" That this meeting, seeing the glaring inconsistencies
of the awards as published, we consider, as practical
men, that such adjudications cannot have emanated from
competent jurors, who should have been appointed under
Rule II of the regulations, or otherwise that their original
decision must have been altered after being submitted to
the Executive Committee ; we therefore demand that a
committee, appointed from this meeting, have access to
the original reports of the jurors."

Mr. John Heslop, of the firm JOHN Heslop
& Son, Edinburgh, moved : —

" That this meeting considers that the Exhibition has
not been satisfactorily managed by the Executive Com-
mittee, and that, as the interests of the exhibitors have
been habitually and superciliously ignored by the ofiicials,
we hereby resolve to remove our exhibits on October i,
unless such explanations and concessions are made as
may be deemed satisfactory by the committee to be ap-
pointed at this meeting."

This also was carried, and after some very strin-
gent comments had been passed on the want of
courtesy on the part of the officials towards the
exhibitors, a committee was formed to carry out
the foregoing resolutions.

We cannot pretend to offer an opinion on this
matter, but seeing that the judges included
many of the most competent and honourable
men in the country, we can but suspect that the
miscarriage of justice, if such there be, is rather
to be attributable to defective organisation on
the part of the committee than to incompetence,
or treachery, on the part of jurors.

The late Mr. Bentham. — We learn that,

under the will of the late eminent botanist, the sum
of £\!XX) has been bequeathed to the Linnean
Society, a similar sum to the Scientific Relief Fund
of the Royal Society, and a considerable residual sum,
in trust, for the promotion of botanical research, the
trustees being Sir Joseph Hooker, Professor Oliver,
and Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer.

Chrysanthemum Show at Hull.— From

our advertising columns it will be seen that an im-
portant show of this popular autumn flower will be
held in Hull. The prizes are liberal. The Chairman
is Mr. George Bohn, the son of the late H. G.
Bohn, so well known in horticultural circles.

Amsterdam Agricultural Exhibition.

— The following awards have been made to Messrs
Carter & Co. :— A Gold Medal for grasses in
growth, a Prize of Honour for Pulse, in Peas, Beans,
&c. ; and a First Prize of Honour for samples and
specimens of grass and Clover seed,

The Cork Oak (Quercus Suber).— Our

old friend and contributor, Mr. Leo Grindon, of
Manchester, will esteem it a great kindness if any one
who may have the opportunity will send him by post
a spray of the Cork Oak, foliage and acorns — a piece
10 or 12 inchesin length. Address, Leo Grindon,
20, Cecil Street, Greenheys, Manchester.

The Middle Temple Chrysanthemum

Show, in consequence of the favourable season and
the forward state of the plants, will, by permission
of the Benchers, take place at least a fortnight
earlier than usual, when the gardens will be thrown
open to the public.

Marriage of Joseph Broome, Esq., J. P.

— On this interesting occasion, which took place on
July 23 last the Council of the Royal Botanical and
Horticultural Society of Manchester (of which Mr,
Broome has for many years been the Treasurer) pre-
sented him with a very handsome silver Greek bowl
on a pedestal bearing the following inscription : —
"Presented to Joseph Broome, Esq., J.P., by the
Council of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural
Society of Manchester on the occasion of his marriage,
as a mark of esteem and appreciation of his invaluable
services as Treasurer."

Sarcostemma Brononianum.— Horticul-

turally this is of little value for the general cultivator,
because the flowers are too inconspicuously small and
undecided in colour ; but for lovers of the curious it
is interesting in several respects. The pendulous or
slightly climbing stems are for all practical purposes
leafless, about the thickness of a quill, and succulent,
resembling some of the slender Euphorbias, as E.
pendula. The pale yellow flowers are fascicled or
clustered at intervals along the stems, and open sue-
cessionally for some considerable time, diffusing
around them a very grateful aroma. Another recon-
cilable point about this Asclepiad is that the milky
juice, usually very acrid or poisonous in the majority
of plants belonging to the order, is in this case
agreeably acid and grateful to the traveller, who uses
it to allay thirst. It is said that the natives of India,
where it grows in dense masses in the jungles, use
it as a salad. If suspended in a dry warm bouse, as
grown in No. 5, at Kew, it will thrive satisfactorily
and flower freely without occupying much space. A
figure of the species appeared comparatively recently
in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6002.

Gardening at Railway Stations.—

There are few things which mark more forcibly the wide
differences existent in the tastes and character of
individuals than the appearance present at a few
of the railway stations to be met with here
and there in the huge network of iron-way that now
intersects our island, and in which the station-master
or his subordinates, or both combined, evince a taste
in gardening, as compared with the desolate slopes
present at much the greater number of stations. We
hear that the Midland Railway Company is about to
take means to encourage amongst their employls at
the whole of their stations throughout their lines,
where decorative gardening is at all practicable, an
attempt to make them gay with flowers and shrubs of
a suitable description. The great difference in soils
and situations throughout this important company's
system admits of this station gardening being much

September 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

401

varied ; and it is to be hoped that the wide di (Terence that
exists between hill and valley, exposed positions, and
those that are sheltered, will be taken into account in
determining the description of plants used and the
character of the gardening adopted, and that there
will be an absence of too much repetition. Above all,
the baby-house use of shells and whitened stones, that
is seen at some railway stations, where otherwise
commendable attempts at gardening are now made,
should be tabooed. Railway travelling through much
of the country is at best dreary, monotonous work,
but if the station gardening is well carried out, some-
thing will have been done to make it pleasanter.
The beautiful Derbyshire scenery through which the
Midland Company's line runs, induces many a

similar situations. Several tall flowering specimens
are to be seen on the mound near the old rockery at
Kew. The flowers are panicled, appearing at the
ends of the branches, but being small and greenish-
yellow are individually only botanically interesting,
though in the mass they are very effective. One of
the iinest specimens we know is at Arundel Castle.
A figure of this, the only known species, is given in
\.he Bolanical Registtr, iv., t. 330.

CosTUS iGNEUs. — The leaves of this species

have the usual spiral arrangement more or less evident
in a great number of the cultivated forms. Some are
highly ornamental foliage plants that are most at
home in the moist stove ; [but the most striking

ready market and realised good prices. The diffi-
culties, however, with which the merchants have to
contend in shipping these Oranges to England dis-
courage them greatly from making large exportations
because of there being no regular line of steamers
running between Jafia and the United Kingdom, all
consignments of Oranges for England must be trans-
shipped either at Alexandria or Smyrna, and this
transshipment is found to be not only injurious to the
fruit but detrimental to the merchants' interests when
they reach the market. If, therefore, any steamship
company trafficking between England and Turkey
would send a steamer to Jaffa for Oranges once a fort-
night during the season, from November i to the end
of March, after having first shipped a part of its cargo

Fig. 72.— view in the gardens at oak lodge, Kensington, (see p. 402.;

traveller to give preference to their route northwards,
and if their station gardening is well done it will not
unlikely have a similar influence.

Kcelreuteria paniculata. — If planted in

a sheltered place with a bright sunny exposure to ripen
the wood, this forms a handsome low tree with a
bushy spreading head. It was introduced to this
country more than a hundred years ago ; but is never-
theless far from common in private establishmments.
For the decoration of parks or pleasure grounds it
would prove invaluable, and the large beautifully
pinnately cut leaves would attain their greatest
development where so situated as to be sheltered from
the cutting north winds. At a little distance the
leaves have the effect of appearing bipinnate on
account of the deeply lobed middle leaflets. The
foliage therefore is altogether distinct from Rhus
typbina, and Ailantus glandulosa frequently planted in

feature of C, igneus, however, is thejlarge staminode,
called in botanical language] the labellum, and consti-
tuting the most prominent and conspicuous part of the
flower. The limb is large, spreading or reflexed, and
nearly orbicular, with a somewhat ragged or irregu-
larly toothed margin, and of a fiery orange colour.
The plant does not exceed 12 or 15 inches in height,
and the flowers are collected in a short dense spike at
the end of the young shoots. It comes from the
district of Bahia, in Brazil, and reached Kew last
year through the medium of the Compagnie Conti-
nentale d'Horticulture, and flowered lately in the
stove.

Jaffa Oranges. — A recent report on the

trade of Jaffa says that Oranges are grown to greater
perfection in the Jaffa orchards than they are probably
anywhere else, and lately several consignments have
been made to Liverpool, where they have found a

at the northern ports of Syria, and would then sail
from Jaffa direct to Liverpool, the merchants would
be encouraged to send large quantities of Oranges by
any such steamer, because they would be sure the
fruit would arrive in England in good condition, and
they would save the additional expenses of tranship-
ment at other ports,

Galtonia clavata. — Although not to be

compared with the stately G. candicans, this plant is
as interesting, and even more curiously beautiful. In
the older and better known species the flower is bold,
straight, pendulous, and pure white, but those form-
ing the subject of this note are somewhat curved, and
beautifully marked along the middle of each segment
with three green lines that add materially to their
distinctness and ornamental value. It is much
dwarfer than the other two cultivated species, and in
consequence would be more manageable in pots, and

402

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 18S4.

less leggy in appearance, when arranged on stages
that place the plants on a level with the eye. It is
flowering on an open border at Kew, where a rather
extensive and mixed collection of Cape bulbs keep up
a succession of bloom as each sort makes a vigorous
growth or arrives at its proper season. It dilters
from Hyacinthus, under which it is often classed by
the numerous flattened seeds, whereas in Hyacinthus
they are few and globose.

American Exhibition. — A new departure

in international exhibitions will be made in the year
18S6, when an American exhibition is proposed to be
opened in London on May i. Hitherto the United
States have not shone to advantage in these dis-
plays, but now it is proposed to remedy this. We
have no space to mention many of the items in the
programme, but the following extracts will give an
idea of the scheme : —

" With the co-operation of the Governors of States
and of the railway companies it is proposed to arrange
the entrance-hall so that the European visitor shall take
leave of his native soil and shall temporarily be in, and
commence his visit to North America from the harbour
of New York, with the Bartholdi statue of Liberty, and
other striking features of the eastern entry to the United
States around him.

"On leaving 'New York Harbour' the visitor's first
excursion will be through the various States across the
continent to San Francisco — from the Atlantic to the
Pacific seaboards. He will pass collections illustrating
the wealth and civilisation of the several States from east
to west, from north to south.

" The railway routes and the picturesquely diversified
scenery of the agricultural, pastoral, forest and mining
states will be iUiastrated by paintings, plans, and produc ts
The resources and characteristic productions of the
various parts of the vast territory extending between the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts will thus be exposed to view
almost as fully as to a tourist passing through the
country, and with greater facilities of comparison.

"This 'Trip across the American continent' will
doubtless, be one of the most instructive and popular
features of the Exhibition.

' ' Interest in the American Exhibition is still further
increased by the fact that it has been decided to open a
Colonial Exhibition in London in 1886, so that there
will be a friendly rivalry on the part of Australia, Canada,
and India with the United States.

"The Department of Agriculture is expected to show
examples of the Maize, Wheat, and Cotton, the flocks
and herds of the great Republic, and of the methods
employed for raising and improving them. The trappers
art in the wilder regions of the continent will be illus-
trated, and the Society of American Taxidermists will be
invited to contribute a large group of birds with brilliant
plumage, of mammals, from the grizzly bear of the
Rocky Mountains downwards, and reptiles ; while in
another department the visitor may learn the taste of
canvas-back duck and terrapin soup.

"The principal phases of American life will be repre-
sented in the Exhibition, from a broker's office in Wall
Street to the camp fires of Nevada. A Californian wine
shop, Florida fruit stores, Indian canoe-makers and mat-
weavers, ice drink pavilions and bars, restaurants, with
the products of the Eastern and Pacific coast, the
Northern and the Southern States, characteristically pre-
pared and served by white and coloured male and female
cooks and waiters, will help to mark the peculiarities and
variety of American social development. There will be
a Press pavilion, an Atlantic Cable office, an electrical
elevated railway, and reproductions of the fa9ades and
interiors of remarkable hotels and public buildings."

Essex Field Clue.— We are requested to

announce that the fifth annual cryptogamic and
botanical meeting of the Essex Field Club will be
held on October 3 and 4 in Epping Forest, The
meeting will be under the direction of Dr. M. C.
Cooke, Mr. Worthington Smith, Kev. Canon
Du Port, Rev. J. M. Crommie, Professor Boui.ger,
Mr. David Houston, Mr. F. IJ. Hanburv, Dr.
Wharton, Mr.;]i. W. Reeves, Mr. E. M. Holmes,
Mr. Henry Groves, and other well-known botanists.
Those wishing to attend the meeting should apply
for programmes, &c., to the Honorary Secretary,
Buckhurst Hill, Essex,

Mr. Graham's Orchids. — Special interest

attached to the sale of the " Dunlop " Orchids at
Stevens' on Thursday last, not only on account of
their excellent condition, but because,' by direction
of the deceased gentleman, the Orchids in question
passed into the possession of his gardener, Mr. Kemp.
Some of the specimens were unusually hne, and all
nere in good health, A splendid mass of Cattleya

intermedia sold for 31 gs. A grand plant of Vanda
suavis (Veitch's variety), at least; feet high, growing
in a tub 2 feet high, fetched 30 gs. There were other
specimen Vandas, in splendid health, but too big for
most people's Orchid.houses.

Extraordinary Crop of Potatos. —

During last sprini; Mr. R. Cleaver, seedsman. Bore
Street, Lichfield, exhibited for sale a new Potato
named Dakato Red, the price of the same being 7j.
per pound, the tubers varying in size from i to iJ lb.
weight each. Mr. E. Barrance, Trent Valley
Nursery, on April 30 last purchased one of these
large tubers, the weight of which was just i lb.
Determined to see what might be obtained from one
tuber, he with great care cut and planted it, and
lately he has had them got up and weighed. It seems
almost incredible, but the crop weighs 342J1 lb.

Masdevallias at an Auction Sale. —

Some of the finest plants of Masdevallia Harryana in
variety ever seen were offered for sale at Messrs.
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms on the i6lh inst.
The competition to obtain the plants was the keenest
that has been witnessed at any Orchid sale for some
years, many of the varieties realising from J to 6
guineas each, and the whole importation nearly £i\,ca.

■ Dissolution of Partnership. — We are

requested to state that Mr. R. S. Dunbar, late
of the Thames Bank Iron Company, has taken
premises at No. 4X, Upper Thames Street, E.G.,
and is in a position to execute orders for hot-water
boilers, pipes, &c.

The Weather,— General remarks on the

temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 22, 18S4, issued by the Meteoro-
logical Office, Ii6, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :
— The weather was very fine and warm during the
greater part of this period (except in the extreme
north), but towards its close conditions became un-
settled, showery, and colder, while at some of the
English stations smart thunderstorms were expe-
rienced. The temperature has been above the mean
in all districts, the excess varying from 3° in "Scotland,
N.," to 5° or C° in most other parts of Great Britain,
and to as much as 7° in " England, S." The maxima
which were registered on various dates in Ireland and
Scotland, and on the 17th or iSth at almost all the
English stations, ranged from 65° in "Scotland, N.,"
and 70° in "Scotland, E.," to between ST and 84°
over eastern, central, and southern England. The
minima were very generally recorded on the 22d, and
varied from 41° in " Ireland, N.," to 47° in "Eng-
land, E.," and to 50° in the "Channel Islands."
The Rainfall has been less than the mean
in all districts. Bright sunshine has been
less prevalent than it was last week in the north,
but more so in most other districts, the percentages
of possible duration varying from 63 in the " Channel
Islands," and 56 in " England, S.," to 21 in " Scot-
land, E." and 15 in "Scotland, N." Depressions
observed :— As the week commenced a large area of
high pressure lay over Denmark and Scandinavia,
while a depression was moving away north-westwards
or northwards over the south of Ireland, producing
fresh south-easterly winds in the south-west, and light
easterly breezes elsewhere. By the following morn-
ing this disturbance had disappeared, the high pres-
sure area in the north-east was breaking up, and an
anti-cyclone, which subsequently travelled slowly
east-south-eastwards to North Germany, was being
formed over Ireland. Towards the close of the
week the mercury fell decidedly in the west and
north-west, and depressions began to move more
north-eastwards outside our north-western coasts, and
some subsidiary disturbances in a similar direction
over Ireland and England. The wind, which during
the passage of the anti-cyclone over our islands was
light and variable, consequently became southerly to
westerly in direction, and on some parts of our
western and northern coasts blew freshly or strongly.

'' Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Geo.

Scales, late Foreman at He.sslewood, has been
appointed Gardener to C. E. G. Barnard,
Esq., Cave Castle, Brough, East Vorks.— James
Davies, late Foreman at the Gardens, Lark Hill,
Liverpool, as Gardener to Major Dent, Ainderby
Hall, Northallerton.— W. Crane, late of (Quarter-
town Park, Co. Cork, to be Gardener to J. MuL-
holland, Esq., M,P„ Ballywalter Park, Bally-
walter, Co. Down.

OAK LODGE.

The view, fig. 72, p. 401, illustrates one of the few
really interesting residences within the actual
boundaries of London, and which is in the hands of
a gentleman of taste and judgment in matters horti-
cultural—James McHenry, Esq. There are still some
remains of the pleasant rural part of the courtly
suburb of Kensington to be found in and around
Holland Park, which itself forms a boundary to Oak
Lodge, and rather nearer to London. At Camden
Hill are some few pretty residences, possessing the
much-envied charm of gardens very much exceeding
in beauty and size the vaunted " eligible villa garden."
The designer of this garden was none other
than Mr. Marnock. It was constructed many
years since. fudging from the present aspect of
the shrubs and trees that are rather liberally
planted over it, the kernel of the design was
formerly a moated orchard ; the moat was widened
and a pleasing serpentine outline and course imparted
to it, and some of the old orchard trees were spared
to add to the spring beauty of the place by their bloom,
and all through the seasons by their graceful, pen-
dulous habit. The sort apparently is Glou Morceau
—one that flourished on Kensington soil in former
times. Within the recollection of the writer there
was quite an orchard of these trees not far distant, at
Mr. James Salter's Versailles Nursery, a place dear to
old Chrysanthemum growers.

The old moated orchard alluded to was on ground
somewhat higher than the rest of the lawn, and the
escarpment facing inwards towards the house was
faced with rockwork of a natural appearance and
appropriateness, aft'ording a pleasant contrast in the
Ivy and Virginian Creeper-covered masses to the
surrounding still water and level lawn. Good-sized
masses and groups of Rhododendrons, Yucca gloriosa
bedded on Virginian Creeper, a few upright Cupressus,
Hollies, andTaxusadpressa, are planted inand amongst
the rocks ; and rustic vases, some few flower-beds,
and a pretty wooden bridge, complete the home
picture. Away over the garden boundary are
the wooded slopes of Holland House, so entirely
rural that by turning the back to the villas in Russell
Road, and looking in the opposite direction, it is hard
to realise that Charing Cross is not more than 4 miles
away. Rooks build in the big Elms, wood pigeons
are not rarities, and many songsters find an undis-
turbed refuge in the trees and coppices hereabouts.
The garden has its greenhouse filled with a quantity
of gay flowers of the season and preparations made it
evident that it would be gay at other times as well.
A stove contained Orchids of various easily grown
genera— Crotons, Draca;nas, Coleus, and the like ; but
some really fine plants of Indian Azaleas in good
health and full of flower-buds are the pride of the
place. There are some thriving Peaches in a forcing-
house, and an attempt was made to grow Vines in
another division, but without much success, thefiilure
being the result of poor soil, and of usingblueglassover
one half the roof. There is a handsome square con-
servatory adjoining the house that contained some
handsome foliage plants, including a pair of Dicksonia
anlarctica, of handsome proportions, and an -Mso-
phila australis, that has the promise of being equally
fine. Mr. Pilgrim, the recently appointed head gar-
dener, pointed out a capital plant for conservatory
use in Begonia ricinilolia, carrying very fine bronzy-
brown digitate leaves, and bold spikes of while
flowers, borne on stalks 4 feet high.

GLADIOLUS THE ]!RIDE.

This is one of the most useful of all haidy
flowers, especially where there is a large demand
for white flowers in a cut slate, and it would be
difficult to name the place where this docs not
obtain. Many gardeners make a great mistake
respecting the hardiness of this Gladiolus, regard-
ing it in the light of the hybrids of gandavensis,
and consequently many do not think on ortlering
or planting it until the spring ; indeed, those who
understand its requirements can have it in bloom
before other members of the fraternity pass their
order on to the dealer. I know of several instances
where bulbs were ordered last April, and the grower
favoured with such, in order to oblige, lifted the bulbs
when 9 inches high. These remarks are penned now
as a reminder that the time is at hand when the stock
should be ordered and arrangements made for its
development. Of course white flowers are most

Septejiber 27, iSS-).

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLt..

403

ia demand at certain times in many places, and if
possible the supply must balance the demand. I
miy, thererore, mention that if planted in
Oi;lober they will bloom outside during July and
August ; il kept out of the ground till January or
February the season of blooming will be somewhat,
although not proportionately, retarded ; but it must
be borne in mind, especially by growers in the
northern or damp districts, that the bulbs have not by
this treatment so much chance of ripening oft" as when
planted early. I planted a large batch last October,
which are now being lilted ; each bulb has doubled,
and many tripled themselves, and all are 6ner than
those originally planted. This result has been obtained
in moderately light sandy soil, deeply dug, and
liberally enriched with rotten stable manure. It may
be lifted annually, or allowed to stand for three or
four years, by which time a single bulb will have
increased so as to form a large dense clump, as it
rapidly multiplies itself under anything like favourable
conditions.

Its value for pot culture and forcing is indisputable,
and is being daily more recognised, yet I am sure one
is not very wide of the mark in saying three-
fourths of the gardening fraternity are actually
unacquainted with it. Nothing is more easily
managed in pots. Last October I potted twenty
bulbs in Sin. pots, and placed them in a very cool
house — indeed, last season, being very mild, artificial
heat was only very rarely applied — then bloomed early
in May, continuing till June ; other batches put in
later kept flowering till those commenced outside,
thus a good supply was maintained by a minimum of
artificial heat from early in May till the end 01 August,
with of course a good supply of bulbs. I have no
doubt if the first potted batch had been gradually
forced after growth had commenced, the supply would
have commenced six or eight weeks earlier ; and pre-
suming one to work again with the carefully ripened,
previously forced bulbs, the first lot of flowers might
be had still earlier. In the matter of new bulb
development it has a decided advantage over many
other subjects used for forcing ; if the soil in which
they are potted is enriched with rotten manure good
new bulbs will be produced, which, if properly
attended to, by being gradually hardened and finally
ripening off by keeping dry in a sunny position, will
flower Ireely the following season. J. Riclus.

YELLOW-FLOWERED GREEN-
HOUSE CLIMBERS.

Of these we do not possess any great number of
ornamental varieties and species of greenhouse
climbers, those more commonly employed having
either some shade of red, white, or blue, as in Big-
nonia venusta, Tacsonias, Passifloras, Lapageria
rosea, Thunbergia Harrisii, Plumbago capensis,
Bougainvillea speciosa. Pelargonium, and but few
yellow- flowered ones. Among! some of the neatest
growing of the latter are the Hibbertia dentata and H.
perfoliata ; these make tolerably rapid growth in
pots or tubs, and of course a proportionately stronger
one in a border. Their dark green neat foliage pecu-
liarly fits them for walls in the vicinity of windows
and doors where rampant growers would be un-
suited to the position. They are very abundant
bloomers in the months of June, July, and August.
The Hibbertias look especially well as coverings for
flat surfaces, their salver-like blooms showing up well
against the leaves. A mixture of turfy peat, burnt
earth, leaf-mould, and loam, in equal proportions,
with enough silver sand to give porosity to the whole,
grows them well in a tub or pot ; but for plants in
conservatory borders the leaf-mould should be in a
smaller proportion than when grown in pots or tubs.
An examination of the plants should take place in
March to see that the drainage is in good order, or if
the plant requires shifting into a larger one. When
it is not necessary to shift the plant, remove the
exhausted soil from the surface and sides, and
fill up with the above-mentioned compost. The
Hibbertias are seldom affected with insects unless
greenfly attacks the growth in the spring, and which
is easily disposed of by fumigating or washing with
tobacco-water. In the Abutilons of recent introduc-
tion to gardens are some very pretty hybrids with
pure yellow flowers that are well adapted for conser-
vatory decoration, especially as affording capital
subjects for clothing pillars, rafters, tie-rods, arcades,
and the like, and perhaps less so for walls or flat
surfaces generally, the blooms always looking best

when seen from below. To grow them of size suffi-
cient to form creepers in such positions the plants
require much root-space, be that in a bed or a border.
It will be found the best practice to confine the roots
in large pots or tubs, shifting when really necessary,
or else to make divisions for them in the borders,
as they are gross feeders, and would, without these
precautions, soon take possession of a great part of
a border. The plants require liberal doses of weak
manure-water all through the growing season, and
abundant supplies of water. The soil found best for
them is sound loam, leaf-mould, crushed bones, and
moderate drainage, and above all looseness in the soil
should be guarded against by ramming it well at shifting.
The Bignonias furnish us with a fine yellow climber in
B. Chamberlayni — a plant of very rapid growth with
ovate acuminate foliage, and large panicles of yellow
flowers, that are produced in abundance all through
the summer months till late in autumn. B. grandi-
flora may be included among the yellow-flowered
kinds, although the blooms are yellow and crimson.
Like all the Bignonias it is a rapid grower, and re-
quires a border of good sound loam, peat, and but
little manure of any kind : this border should be
under 1^ foot in depth, as broad as possible, and
should be well but not too much drained. The roots
are about as rampant as are the branches in habit, and
require a warm, shallow, porous medium in which
to seek their food — a saturated border is death to
them. The winter pruning should be similar to that
employed on the Vine, and the main permanent
shoots must be trained at wide intervals apart.

Cestrum furnishes one good greenhouse plant in C.
aurantiacum that is well adapted by the rapidity of its
growth to rank as a space-covering subject. The
whole of the species being natives of the West India
islands and Central America need for their growth an
intermediate-house for the hardiest of them, but the
one mentioned above will grow quickly and flower
abundantly in a greenhouse where the night tempera-
ture does not descend below 45°, The plant does
best in a border that is not under 2 feet in depth and
that is composed of sound loam, crushed bones, and
burnt earth, and in which the drainage is good, as
thereby the border will enjoy a warm temperature
during the resting period, from November to March.
The plant requires an abundant supply of water and
occasional doses of manure-water, the latter more often
after the border has become full of roots. Any neglect
in giving water when necessary is always followed by
the fall of the leaves on the lower parts of the plant,
as occurs with the Chrysanthemum. As a bush stand-
ing free in a border the plant is most effective, but it
is also a good subject with which to cover a space of
wall in a sunny position. AT.

in the warfare against disease and of indirect use
in supplying a stimulus to independent observa-
tions. Besides the large public of practical men
who will welcome the book it will be read
with great interest and profit by the author's fellow-
workers. Mr. Smith, as we all know, has the
courage of his opinions, and it may be that in some
instances these require all his fearlessness, but (and
the present writer speaks from experience of it) the
tone of personal kindliness and geniality which never
forsakes the author even in the direst moments is
eminently worthy of imitation. On such subjects as
the Potato disease and the mildew of corn Mr. Smith
deals vigorously with those who have disturbed his
peace of mind. Ills views on certain matters which
he still believes to be controversial are so well known
to the agricultural and horticultural world that we
shall not allude to them farther now than to say tha
it cannot be other than highly useful to have these
opinions of a very competent and much-respected
observer so carefully and concisely set forth as they
are in this book. The illustrations have all been pro-
duced by the author's own hand, and since, as is
apparent, he has spared no pains in the execution of
the drawings, it is needless to say here how admir-
able the effect is. Though many will strongly dissent
from much that is recorded in it, we have no hesitation
in expressing our belief that there is no book on this
subject in English which is at once so easily obtain-
able, and so certain to be serviceable to the farmer
and gardener as this one.

Botites of §(Job.

Diseases of Field and Garden Crops. By
Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S. (Macmillan &
Co. London : 1S84. )

Mr. Smith has done well to publish in handy form
the substance of his lectures on this subject, given at
the request of the oflScers of the Institute of Agricul-
ture. The author set before him three objects to be
steadily kept in view in the preparation of these
addresses — "First, the description only of such
diseases as are of economic importance ; second, the
definition of all the phenomena of the diseases in
familiar words . . . ; and third, the consideration of
the best means of preventing the attacks of plant
diseases." These resolutions have been very carefully
and conscientiously attended to, and when it is added
that, with the exception of the attacks of Nematodes,
Mr. Smith has kept to vegetable parasites, the reader
will not only have an idea of the scope of the work,
but will recognise the fact that the author has confined
himself to a field in which he has himself worked un-
tiringly. It is quite unnecessary to tell readers of the
Gardeners' Chronicle that the book is pleasantly
written, and that in Mr. Smith's hands it has lost
none of its scientific value in this process ; but it
may be said farther that to practical men it will
prove to be of great direct service— as a strong ally

A Synopsis of British Mosses, — Mr. Hob-
kirk has published a second edition of his useful
handbook, which is published by Reeve & Co.
The classification has been entirely changed, the
author adopting the arrangement proposed by Jaeger.
Much assistance has been afforded by Dr. Braith-
waite, Mr. Boswell, and other muscologists. The
book is severely practical ; its merits, therefore, can
only be fully tested in the field, but the method and
style adopted are excellent for the purpose. Five
hundred and seventy-six species in 129 genera are
carefully described. The list of abbreviations made
use of in the book is far from complete. We can
guess at who are meant by "B. and S.,"and "R. Br."
is decidedly not unfamiliar, but "Mich.," for aught
that is said, might be Micheli, or Michaux ; " Brid.
Timm," may be known to experts, but not to tyros.
" W. and M." and " Myr." need explanation. To our
thinking, these authors and their works should have
been enumerated, so that the student might know where
to find the original description of any particular moss.
Such information is given in the case of the species
treated of by Braithwaite ; but when the author has
been left to his own resources he has omitted this
very essential information. This, and the absence of
any index of species and synonyms, constitute the
principal defects of the work, but its utility is likely
to be so great as to greatly outweigh the inconve-
nience arising from the omissions in question.

Modern IVindow Gardening. — This is a trea-
tise from the prolific pen of Mr. Samuel Wood, and
is published by Houlston & Sons. The introductory
hints are sensible and to the point, and the lists of
plants to be grown in north, south, east, or west
aspects respectively seem judiciously compiled. Win-
dow gardening occupies considerably less than half
the book, the remainder being devoted to the flower
and fruit gardens. So long as Mr. Wood confines
himself strictly to purely practical matters, such as he
knows from his own experience, he is a safe guide,
but when he commits himself to botanical statements,
descriptions of plants, insects, &c., he becomes a
blind guide indeed. To give an illustration. Speaking
of American blight, he says it "can scarcely be recog-
nised as an insect, being without distinguishable
parts (I), beyond a body that resembles a mass of
fibrous cotton. Nevertheless, it is about as bad and
slowly destructive a pest as any to be found, and I
am inclined to think it arises from infusoria (!!), which
find their way upwards from the root through the
channels of the bark and wood while so small as to
commingle with the sap. Infusoria, I should explain,
are microscopic larvae capable of mixing with water
unseen by the naked eye, being, in fact, of the same
degree of texture as fluids, and such as can be assimi-
lated into the same body with the juices the plant
absorbs from the soil "—and so on. It is such state-
ments as these that make teachers and editors throw
up their hands in despair at the thought that their

404

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

labour has been in vain. There is really no excuse
for publishing such absurdity now*a-days.

Yarrdts British JBirJs.— The last part of the

fourth edition, published by Mr. Van Voorst, is
devoted to the Auks, Gannetts, Puffins, and allied
birds. The illustrations are excellent, and the text,
always in high repute, has been brought down to
date.

AMERICAN RASPBERRIES.

The Station Horticulturist, Mr. E. S. Got?, has
taken great interest in the Raspberry, and the fol-
lowing results of our trials will be read with interest.

In the year 18S2, two plants each of thirty-two
varieties of Raspberry were planted out in the
station garden. The plants were set out in rows, 6
feet apart, and 3 feet apart in the rows. No winter
protection has been given. The soil has been culti-
vated sufficiently to keep down weeds, and the canes
were tied to stakes as they became sufficiently tall to
require support.

All of these plants have survived thus far, except
five, viz., two Brinkle's Orange, which were winter-
killed the first winter after setting, two American
Blackcap, and one Prosser. The remainder of the
plants have borne their first full crop the present
season. We have kept a careful record of the date at
which each variety commenced to ripen its fruit, the
number of days that each continued in bearing, and
the total yield of each ; taking notes also as to the
comparative size and quality of the fruit in the
different varieties. For the information of those
interested we present an abstract of our results. The
total yield is given in ounces and decimals of an
ounce ; and the comparative size of the berries of the
different varieties is shown by the weight of twenty-
five samples, given in grains : —

First ripe
fruits.

Total
yield in
ounces.

.S

e
z

s

is

0 in

I. Brandy wine

July 5

7.295

33

478

2. Caroline

„ 8

44 374

30

524

3. Clarke

,< 5

65.386

30

653

^. Culhbert

>. 8

23.868

30

601

5. Davison's Thornless . .

,. r

14-333

22

300

6. Delaware

., 5

44-529

33

447

7. Early Prolific ..

.. 3

80.336

33

65s

8. Fastolf

<i S

19.845

36

540

9. Fontenay

.• 5

31.527

33

833

la Franconia

„ 13

15..85

26

640

11. Gregg

1, 14

17.009

21

439

13. Hersteia

„ 5

17239

36

630

13. HenrietU

.• 5

19.654

36

6.7

14. Highland Hardy

t> 2

12.427

38

408

15. Knevett

>. S

19.820

33

798

16. Mammoth Cluster

„ 10

26.392

25

33'

17. Mrs. Wood

,. 3

36.035

35

733

18. Naomi

• 1 3

1.323

28

234

19. Parnell

» 5

36.607

30

540

ao. Philadelphia . .

,1 8

6.430

23

337

ai. •Prosser

,. 5

15.083

26

308

22. Palluau

1. 5

6,953

26

308

23. Red Antwerp . .

i> 3

18.556

35

555

24. Reliance

„ 5

17.242

36

432

35. Seneca

„ 10

29.030

2S

347

26. Thwack

» 3

29085

35

710

27. Turner

■■ 3

19.171

28

432

28. Vice-President French .

.. 5

35.86s

30

586

29. Victoria

„ S

37.090

33

461

30. Yellow Antwerp

„ 10

20.529

28

470

The following notes were made as to quality of the
above varieties under their respective numbers : —

2. Delicate and pleasant, but not rich ; moderately
firm.

3. Rather sweet and delicate, but not rich ; moderately
firm.

4. Very sweet and rich, firm.

5. Sweet and rich, rather firm.

6. Rather soft ; very sweet and delicate, resembling
that of the wild red Raspberry.

7. Flavour a well marked, rather harsh acid ; moder-
ately firm.

" The yield of this variety is calculated from one plant.

8. Moderately rich, sweet, not very firm.

9. Extremely rich and sweet ; moderately firm.

10. Rich and sprightly ; moderately firm.

11. Flavour rather inferior, firm.

12. Sweet and delicate ; moderately firm.

13. Insipid, with little Raspberry flavour ; moderately
firm.

14. Very sweet and delicate ; rather soft.

15. Moderately rich and sweet ; moderately firm.

16. Insipid ; firm.

17. Very rich, sweet, and delicate ; rather soft.

18. Very sweet, but lacking Raspberry flavom- ; rather
soft.

19. Lacks sweetness, richness and Raspberry flavour ;
moderately firm.

20. Rather insipid ; moderately firm.

21. Very sweet and delicate ; moderately firm.

22. Sweet, but leaves an acid taste in the mouth ;
moderately firm.

23. Moderately rich and sweet ; rather soft.

24. Flavour insipid ; moderately firm.

25. Rather insipid ; firm,

26. Sweet and rich ; quite firm.

27. Very sweet and delicate ; moderately firm.

28. Extremely rich and sweet ; moderately firm.

29. Extremely rich and sweet ; moderately firm.

30. Delicate, but not high-flavoured ; very soft,

It will be observed that our list is not confined to
the newer varieties, but includes many of the older
sorts as well.

The old Early Prolific proved by far the most
productive. This variety, now little grown, possesses
the valuable qualities of great prolificacy and hardi-
ness, with entire freedom from thorns ; and though
the harsh acid flavour of its fruit makes the latter un-
desirable, it would seem that its good qualities might
render it valuable as a parent for new varieties.

The Clarke proved second in productiveness, the
Delaware third, and the Caroline fourth ; the Phila-
delphia, Brandywine and Naomi, were least pro-
ductive, Davison's Thornless was earliest to ripen,
while Gregg was latest. Early Prolific, Mrs. Wood,
and Red Antwerp continued longest in bearing, while
Gregg yielded its crop in the shortest time.

It appears that the berries of Knevett (Knevett's
Giant) were largest, those of Mrs. Wood were second
in size, while those of Naomi and Davison's Thorn-
less were smallest. In flavour, the Delaware seemed
to surpass all others in the characteristic aroma of the
wild red Raspberry, and Fontenay, Vice-President
French and Victoria were superior in richness and
sweetness. £. Lewis Sdirievant^ Director^ New York
Agriculdtral Experiment Station.

BOURNEMOUTH AND ITS

GARDENS.

The public gardens at Bournemouth bear consider-
able resemblance to the Princes Street Gardens in
Edinburgh j they are, however, more extensive,
stretching from east to west considerably more than a
mile. They are laid out with exceeding taste, the
spacious gravel paths being smooth and broad, with
numerous groups of flowering shrubs, flower-beds,
and ornamental trees, while the well-wooded
sloping banks present numerous resting-places in
the form of seats and chairs under the welcome
shade and shelter of the aromatic and umbrageous
Pine and other trees, while the pretty little River
Bourne traverses the entire length of the gardens dis-
appearing towards the eastern extremity, where it
enters the sea. More effective use might possibly
have been made of the abundant supply of water fur-
nished by this pretty stream, such as the formation of
ornamental lakes, fountains, or waterfalls ; as it
exists, however, it is exceedingly attractive and pretty,
its sparkling water flowing with considerable rapidity
over its clear, pebbly bed, which at various points is
spanned by rustic and ornamental bridges. Bourne-
mouth and its surrounding neighbourhood being con-
sidered as an exceedingly healthy and salubrious loca-
lity, it has consequently a winter as well as a summer
season ; and many of the names inscribed upon the
marble crosses and other ornamental stones which
furnish the beautiful and garden-like cemetery
of St. Peter's church, as well as in the newer
one, prove well enough that many from distant parts
have been attracted here ; some in anxious search of
that health which they were not destined to find, but
in lieu of which have found a last resting-place amid
the flowers, and under the shade of the scented Pine
trees.

Bournemouth has no harbour, but has a fine orna-
mental pier, and its fine sandy beach offers every
facility for boating and bathing. It is sheltered on
the east by the cliffs of Christchurch Head and the
Isle of Wight, and on the west by the high chalk
cliffs of Swanage, between which and Bournemouth
lies the small harbour of Poole. The town with its
surroundings has been designated the evergreen valley,
or the winter garden of England. It is, however, of
comparatively recent origin, as its history does not
extend beyond the present century, or to about the
time of the passing of the Enclosure Acts, when, the
soil of the district being found to be light and poor,
it was extensively planted with the Scotch Fir and the
Pinus Pinaster.

At this time Bournemouth consisted of a few fisher-
men's cottages, but of late years fashionable residences
have sprung up, as it were, among the Fir trees and
the heather with much rapidity — so much so that it is
not unreasonably predicted that the town will ere
long extend to Christchurch on one band, and to Poole
on the other. The reputed mild and genial character
of the climate of the district is proved by the luxuriant
growth made by the half-hardy shrubs and plants
which in most other parts of the country can with difii-
culty survive the mildest winters ; but which flourish
in great numbers in the gardens of the villa residences
here, their dimensions showing that they do not suffer
in any appreciable degree from the cold of recent
winters. Such are bushes of Fuchsia Riccartoni, 10
or 12 feet high and as many feet in diameter ; large
healthy bushes of the common or broad-leaved Myrtle ;
large and compact bushes of the variegated Japan
Euonymus ; tree-like plants of the Laurus nobilis, or
Sweet Bay ; the Arbutus Andrachne, or Strawberry
tree, bearing plenty of its fruit ; Desfontainia spinosa ;
together with bushes of Escallonias and the Ceano-
thuses : also many huge specimens of the Hydrangea
hortensis that produce plentifully their heads of sky-
blue flowers.

Very ornamental hedges are formed of the pretty
Tamarix gallica, which is, however, strictly a mari-
time plant. The common Gorse, or Whin, also grows
here in wild abundance, and is used as a hedge
plant, it readily submitting to trimming or clipping,
and forms an efficient as well as an ornamental fence.
The trees which form the celebrated Pine woods of
Bournemouth are by no means remarkable as fine
.specimens, and as a rule, the Scotch Firs have suc-
ceeded better than the P. Pinasters. The soil in
which both species are growing is mostly of a light
sandy character, and as they were planted very
closely together, they have certainly suftered from
lack of timely thinning out. The vast breadths of
straight branchless stems has, however, a by no
means unpleasant appearance, and as timber the trees
will be valuable, being free from branches until near
the top.

The more ornamental species of coniferous trees
which have been planted more recently, as well as
more carefully, in the grounds of the private residences,
appear to be growing admirably, as are also the rows
of Araucaria imbricata in the cemetery, together with
the fine healthy specimens of such species as the
Wellingtonia gigantea, Cedrus Deodara, and Cedrus
atlantica, Picea Pinsapo, Abies Nordmanniaoa,
Cupressus Lawsoniana, and various species of Reti-
nospora, &c.

The grounds and gardens in most of the newly
erected residences are exceedingly tastefully laid out,
and the materials selected for planting are choice
and effective, possibly in some instances more gaudy
than might be approved of, as near one of the entrances
to Branksome Chine may be seen a very pretty villa
residence whose grounds are of considerable extent,
and are enclosed by a fence or hedge composed of
the Fuchsia Riccartoni or some other strong growing
variety, and planted close to this fence is a line of
tall Sunflowers so managed that the large yellow
blooms of the latter just show themselves above the
Fuchsias, and all being in full bloom the effect pro-
duced is very remarkable. Other grounds were
enclosed by a sloping bank, the face of which was
carpeted by the Erica carnea and the Ulex europaea
intermixed both species being in flower, while a neat
and effective hedge of the common Holly surmounted
the bank. There are also several nursery gardens in
or near to the town of Bournemouth, where plants
and flowers of all kinds are remarkably well grown
for sale.

In addition to the public gardens which have already
been alluded to, there is also a fine winter garden at

September 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

405

Cranborne of considerable extent, together with a
tennis lawn, &c. The building is well stocked with
plants of various kinds, and all are in good con-
dition. The glass structure is 220 feet long by I20
feet wide, and at the highest point is about 70 feet,
the curvilinear roofs being supported by cast iron
columns. There is also another, and a still more ex-
tensive winter garden at Soulhbourne, which is some
3 miles from the centre of Bournemouth, and to which
conveyances run several times each day. This build-
ing is 320 feet in length, and of corresponding width.
It is in several divisions or compartments, and con*
tains a fine collection of stove as well as of greenhouse
plants, &c., all being grown for sale ; and these gar-
dens, to which the public are admitted, on payment of
a small charge, are all the property of a company.
Prominent among the many attractions of BournC'
mouth are the various chines, the term " chine "
being a local designation for various extensive
ravines or gorges, the result of some slow, gradual
action extending through ages. These separate
the lofty clilTs which face the sea, presenting
deep and sinuous windings, yawning chasms, and
overhanging cliffs, with occasional white sandy
hillocks, with tufts of purple Heather and yellow
Gorse, while stunted Pine and Birch trees cling to
the sides of the high sandy cliffs high up overhead,
presenting altogether a singularly wild and pleasing
aspect. The one known as Boscombe Chine,
which opens upon the sea, and which may be
entered from the Christchurch Road at a short
distance from Bournemouth, is a good example ;
but by far the most romantic-looking and largest
chine is that of Branksome. It has been said,
"See Rome and die." Many, however,
must necessarily die without seeing Rome ; but
certainly no admirer of the " Wild Garden " should
be in Bournemouth, or in its neighbourhood without
visiting Branksome Chine, which must always be
very interesting and beautiful ; but during the period
the Rhododendrons are in bloom it must be a sight
to be seen once and never forgotten.

The fine mansion known as Branksome Dene, is
the property of Lord Wimborne. This dwelling
commands splendid views, the grounds are also
beautifully laid out and contain many fine trees and
shrubs. This with Branksome Grove, Branksome
Glen, and Branksome Chine, &c., are all comprised
in what is known as the Branksome Park estate,
which is said to be some 5 miles in circumference,
and may be described as an extensive Pine forest.
On the high ground, near one of the entrances to the
chine a good view is obtained of the town and harbour
of Poole.

With the exception of the somewhat stunted Pine
trees which adhere to the white sandy cliffs, most of
the trees and shrubs in the chine are in the most
healthy and luxuriant condition ; this is particularly
the case as regards the Rhododendrons, which occupy
some of the lower portions of the grounds, while
lower still, on the surface of the brown or coffee-
coloured water, the Nymphrea alba —

" The Water Lily to the light
Her chalice rears of silver bright."

The water in the various pools in the chine is pure
and clear enough, but the brown tinge it presents is
the result of the decaying resinous foliage of the Pine
trees and other plants deposited at the bottom of the
pools.

Other aquatic plants, such as the Nuphar lutea,
Alisma nutans, Equisetum fluviatile, or the Great
Horsetail, and what appeared to be the Stratiotes
aloides, or Water Soldier, grow in these pools ;
while near the margins were Eupatoriums, Arenarias,
Chenopods, Atriplex littoralis, Beta maritima, &c. ;
and high above, among the Fir and Birch trees, were
to be seen the Mountain Ash, heavily laden with its
rich scarlet bunches of fruit, and the Strawberry tree ;
while on sloping sandy banks common Furze, Erica
carnea, and the Calluna vulgaris, or common Ling,
with various species of Ferns, grew contentedly
together.

Bournemouth may be said to owe much of its
sanitary reputation to its topographical position,
which secures for it shelter, as well as a large amount
of sunshine at all times, and its freedom from
extremes in the matter of temperature, as it is said to
be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than any
other locality in the South of England. The supposed
salubrious properties of its wide-spreading Pine woods,
its perfect drainage, and, lastly, but probably not in
the least degree, the beauty and cheerful aspect of
its extensive public gardens and pleasure grounds, have
considerably added to its reputation as a health resort.
P. Gruve,

FUNGUS ON ENSILAGE.

Amongst the rarer British fungi which very few
botanists have seen in a natural position and living
state in Britain is Schizophyllum commune, Fr. The
fungus is a common one in the tropics, rarely spread-
ing into temperate regions. It is generally seen in
Britain on imported foreign timber, but, in rare

X-40

Fig. 73. — fungus invading ensilage (schizophyllum

COMMUNE).

/C--100 c =:^^V" x^y-^f ' X • 1000

Fig. 74.— gill structure of schizophyllum commune.

instances it grows here naturally. Its name is derived
from irx'C<^, 'o split or cut, and <p\i\\ov, a leaf, in
reference to the nature of the gills, each one of which
is curiously split through its entire length and the
two sides rolled back in a revolute manner. The
fungus is villous, tough, not putrescent, and after it
has long lain apparently dead it will quickly retake
its old form on the application of moisture ; its colour
is whitish or pale buff. It belongs to the Mushroom
family (Agaricini) of which it, perhaps, represents the
most aberrant genus.

A short time since a correspondent of the Gar-
deners' Chronicle sent living examples of this fungus

to the office for a name. It was growing on the cut
edge of ensilage in a silo, and was, of course, an
offensive nuisance. A fragment of the ensilage is
shown in fig. 7j, the cut edge being represented at
A B. The fungus in various stages of growth is
shown at c, and the mycelium or spawn ran deep
into the ensilage towards the opposite side of the
illustration. One half of an ex.imple of a single
expanded specimen is enlarged four diameters at D E,
and a transverse section through the " split " gills is
shown at F, enlarged 40 diameters.

There is an old adage which says " It never rains
but it pours," and this was illustrated in the case of
the fungus now under description, for no sooner was
the answer printed to the correspondent in this paper
than Mr. C. Edmund Broome, M.A., of Elmhurst,
Batheaston, wrote to say he had at that time got the
same fungus growing on a water-butt in his yard.
This was, indeed, a great " come down " — a sunny
tropical aristocrat fixing itself on a plebeian English
water-butt in a back yard I Mr. Broome has also
mentioned its occurrence in Surrey, and on a prostrate
Beech at Burnham Beeches. Indigenous specimens
have been found in Scotland, Buckinghamshire, and
Kent.

The inner substance of the gills is curious. This
inner material is downy or villous under a lens, as
shown at G ; the appearance was noticed by the Rev.
M. J. Berkeley, who wrote in the British Flora, 1836,
p. 130, " The inner barren face villous with the fJocci,
of which the substance of the pileus is com-
posed."

The splitting of the gills is most remarkable. It
generally happens that an unusual phenomenon in
habit or structure has some special meaning, the fol-
lowing notes, therefore, drawn up after an examina-
tion of several living examples may possibly be read
with some interest.

I carefully removed a fragment from one of the
living split gills shown at H, fig. 73 ; from this frag-
ment I took an extremely thin transparent slice, and
when magnified 400 diameters it presented the appear-
ance shown in fig. 74. The spore- bearing surface
is shown at j, and the little white spores balanced
on their inconceivably fine supports at K. The
villous threads of the split portion are shown at L, L :
a few of these threads had also pushed themselves
out on the spore-bearing side of the gills. Each thread
was somewhat enlarged at the top, and round and
inside the apex of each were seen numerous very
minute, quickly oscillating, whirling or revolving glo-
bular bodies. The apex ol a thread is further enlarged
to 1000 diameters at m (fig. 74). The little spherical
bodies appeared to be immersed in a somewhat thick
fluid within each thread, and the fluid, together with
the little spheres, escaped through the apex, as shown.
I need hardly say that my idea is that this section
shows the reproductive apparatus of the fungus, and
entirely agrees with Corda's observations and the
observations on Agaricus and Coprinus as made by
myself.

The long threads are, as I think, cystidia, and
the little quickly oscillating or whirling globular
bodies spermatozoids. The fungus being extremely
tough the cystidia cannot push themselves in any
number through the hymenial surface shown at J, so
they grow in profusion through the loose tissue
exposed to the air on the splitting of the gills. In
other words, the splitting of the gills in this
leathery species is a natural provision for the dissemi-
nation of the spermatozoids. I took many slices, and
the result was the same in each. In this, as in nearly
every other observation, living examples are requisite ;
botanists are not as yet liable to a fine or imprison-
ment lor vivisecting a fungus. This is the third rare
and curious fungus of late found on ensilage ; the first
was ■ Isaria fuciformis and the second Saprolegnia
philomukes. W. G. Siiiilh.

Seedling Carnation from Connah's Quay is dis-
tinct and very pretty ; the flowers, white, marbled in a
peculiar way, with deep bright rose, are also very
sweet. It is neither a very large nor a fuH flower, but
would be charming to cut and place in bouquets.
This is one of many fine varieties of Carnations which
have been brought into notice during the last few
years. They possess few or none at all of the pro-
perties desiderated by the florist, but their sweetness
and novelty should be their recoomendation for a
place in the flower border of every well-arranged
garden. J. Douglas,

4o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[SEPTEMIifR 27, 1S84.

J4o/v1E f5oRRE3POJSDEp<CE.

Crute's Patent Concave Flower-pot.— In last
week's number of the Gardeners^ ChronicU attention
was drawn to this invention, and in reference to one
or two observations made by you, I may point out
that the hole in the base, so far from being useless,
was essential for the purpose of ventilation, and was
absolutely necessary for repotting. With respect to
the remark that insects could enter but worms could
not, it is contended that the concave principle
admits of such a simple and eflective use of a
very few crocks that insects could not enter.
The present shape of the new pot has been adopted to
fjive more space for the roots, a plant naturally re-
quiring more room at the lower part of the pot where
the roots expand than at the top ; and this fact has
been borne in mind, whilst the base has been made
sufficiently small to admit of repotting being easily
performed. A decided advantage in the new pot
has been overlooked, viz., the necessity is avoided of
using boards or other materials to stand the pots on
in any part of the garden during the summer. James
Crute.

I send you letters that will prove beyond

dispute that I made the very same shaped pot
in 1876, and supplied to Mr. E. S. Williams on
July 13, 1876, 333 of such pots; also letters to
show that another firm of pot-makers made the
very same shaped pot. I can produce many more
letters, and also some of the pots made in 1876. J.
Malthetus, [We have received several other letters to
the same effect, and have before us a woodcut of the
patent *' Sutton " reservoir flower-pot, made by
Messrs. Wheeler Brothers, of Reading, which seems
to be nearly, if not quite identical. Ed.]

I have had a flower-pot with a concave

bottom in use for some time past. I first picked
up the idea at Messrs. Sutton & Sons, at Read-
ing, seven or eight years ago, and had a few made
by a flower-pot maker at Reading, who has
turned out this kind of article for years past. I
fancied the kind of gutter formed round the inside
circumference by means of the concave bottom,
would have held moisture and lessened the work of
watering, but it did not have the eftect I expected.
The concave bottom takes up a good deal of room,
and when filled up with small pieces of crocks with a
large one placed over the hole, but little depth of space
comparatively was left for the roots. I found also
that the soil in the pot dried more rapidly than in the
case of a pot with a flat bottom. I thought also that
the concave form of the bottom would prevent the
ingress of worms, and in that respect I was disap-
pointed, they did get in ; and indeed it requires a
good deal of ingenuity to keep them out. The im-
provements in the concave pot made by Mr. Crute
may be advantageous, and serve to bring it into gene-
ral use ; but they, in my opinion, require to be made
deeper than ordinary flower-pots. I have no desire
to underrate the merits of Mr. Crute's pot ; but as
there is a marked difference in the tone of your dis-
criminating notice and the glowing eulogies I have
seen elsewhere I thought it desirable to give you my
experience of a concave-bottomed pot, and may add
that I have abandoned it, and am now using in prefer-
ence the old-fashioned flat-bottomed pot. I send you
a sample of the pot to which I have referred, that you
may see the idea of a concave bottom is by no means
a new one. Florist,

The illustration of Mr. Crute's so-called

new flower-pot given at page 375, shows one iden-
tical in form and design with some 48-sized pots
I have here, of whose make and design I don't
know, but they at least have been made a long
time. They are nearly upright, have concave bottoms,
with one hole at the apex of the raised bottom, but
none at the lower edge of the bottom as shown in the
illustration. The pots I have here have proved to be
pitiable failures, for the simple reason that the water
remained in and clogged the soil, the raised bottom
preventing its escape. It maybe, perhaps, remembered
that several years since I, in these pages, suggested
the making of pots with slightly concave bottoms, but
without holes in them, the drainage or outlet for sur-
plus water being made in the form of a ring of little
holes running round the base of the pot inside and
through to the outside. Such a plan, beyond the need
of a little moss to keep dirt from choking the holes,
would, I contend, provide all the requisite drainage,
and leave in the pots more space for the soil and roots
than is now found when an inch depth of rubble drain-
age is introduced. I do not know that any one
adopted the suggestion, perhaps it is a plan
not easy to carry out in simple pot-making opera-
lions. In any case I am sure that not only
could rubble drainage by their use be dispensed
with, but that worms could be also effectually ex-
cluded. I am by no means sure that the upright pot,
although it occupies for its size but a minimum of
space, is, after all, the most economical, for it is an
unpleasant experience that far more of labour in

watering must be given to plants growing in such
pots than is needed by those growing in pots of the
usual broader-topped form. It is in dry weather no
small matter to use these erect pots, which after all
give such a limited water-holding area on the surface,
rendering very frequent watering needful ; nay,
farther, in the case of plants freely rooted in them, it
is often difiicult to get the ball thoroughly moistened
once it is fairly dried. Pots made of very tough clay
no doubt are the most enduring, but I am not at all
sure that they are so good for the production of free
rooting healthy plants as are those of softer texture
and more porous in grain. No matter what may be
the form of pot or the material of which it is com-
posed, we cannot prevent, except by frequent wash-
ings, the outer surface from becoming coated wilh
green mossy slime. If by any process of glazing or
dressing with any innocuous chemical preparations
that pot abomination could be avoided it would be a
great gain. In this matter hard clay pots seem to be
worse than soft ones. A. D.

Tomato Hackwood Park Prolific. — This
Tomato is evidently deserving of the high character
it received before being sent out by Messrs. Veitch,
and seems likely to supersede a good many of the
older varieties. In a house at Aske Hall, filled with
several of the large fruiting kinds, it is so markedly
superior to the others in the immense weight of fruit
it produces as to stamp them as useless. Unlike most
of the other large fruiters it does not set in clusters
on one part of the plant while it is thin of fruit else-
where, but bears freely all over the growth. The
fruit is highly coloured, large, and smoooth, not un-
like Stamfordian— a favourite variety with exhibitors,
but a shy bearer. T. B. T.

Rubus chamsemorus.— This is not so rare a plant
as some of your correspondents seem to think. In the
Scottish Highlands it is common enough when the neces-
sary conditions for its growth — viz., appropriate soil
and sufficient altitude — are present. It also occurs in
several counties of southern Scotland, in eight or nine
of northern England, and in three Welsh ; moreover,
it has been found in the North of Ireland. Outside of
Britain it inhabits northern Europe, Siberia, and
North America. The name by which the Cloud-betry
is commonly known in Scotland is "Averon," the
Gaelic name being Oireag, Oighreag, Folghreag, or
Feireag, and it is the badge of the Clan McFarlane.
(The name of Roebuck-berries belongs, I think, to
Rubus saxatilis, and not to this species.) The Nor-
wegian names are Myrebser, Moltebser, and Molta.
The Cloud-berry requires a peaty soil, not too dry and
not too wet, and as it is has a creeping underground
stem or root-stock it often occupies large patches of
ground, frequently — in a suitable place— many acres.
I have not seen it much below 1500 feet above sea-
level, nor above 3800 feet. It flowers about the end
of June, and a large bed dotted with the solitary
white flowers is a pretty sight. If the blossoms
are not destroyed by late frosts, as is not unfre-
quent, they are in due time succeeded by the
berries. These are at first green, then reddish, but
not translucent, and finally when ripe amber-yellow
and translucent. Though the flavour of the fruit is
highly spoken of, it seems to me peculiar and not very
attractive, though it is better when made into jam
than when raw. As for the cultivation of the Cloud-
berry, that should not be difficult, if a moist bed of
peat is available. I have grown and flowered it for
several years in rather dry peat on a rockery, and as
the space alloted to it was very limited it can scarcely
be said to have got fair play. Given room and the
proper amount of moisture, I think it might be easily
cultivated. F. Buchanan IVhile, Anna/ Lodge, Perth.

The Celery Maggot. —Is it the fact that this pest
of our gardens has been much less troublesome this
season than usual ? I do not grow much Celery, but
find in what I have not the least evidence of maggot,
indeed it is long since the leaves have been seen so
green and vigorous. It would be interesting to learn
something of the experience of others in this matter,
for it is one in which all gardeners are more or less
concerned. In spite of the drought I have seen some
splendid Celery this season, and in all cases free from
the maggot. What is known as the London Market
Red is largely grown near Twickenham, and there the
sample is of the finest and cleanest. In some gardens
near Reading the Dwarf Incomparable White and
Leicester Red are singularly clean and good, and
excellent samples have been seen in other localities.
These suffice to show that my case is not singular ; so
far from that being the case we may learn that for
once to have the maggot badly is singular this year.
If any one could explain the cause of this apparent
absence of the Celery pest, some light might be
thrown upon its life that would enable Celery growers
the more effectually to contend with it in less favour-
able seasons. Curiously enough too, although we
had £0 much favouring beat and drought, it is stated
that the Turnip beetle has been more than usually
scarce. Turnips happily promise to be abundant, for

the plant, especially of the late sowings, is thick, and
fly seems to be conspicuous by its absence. Happily
also this denser plant and excellent rains have given
considerable impetus to field labour. TiLnekenham .

Fertility of Hybrids.— I cannot enter into the
discussion of this interesting topic which Mr. Meehan
has raised with any scientific basis from which to
argue, but I may mention that I have here several
plants of a hybrid Foxglove that are absolutely barren.
The parents — Digitalis lutea and purpurea — rank
amongst the freest seeding plants in cultivation, and
yet their combined energies have succeeded only in
raising purely barren progeny. The hybrid plants not
only bloomed most profusely, but produced tall spikes
of seed-pods almost identical with those seen on D.
lutea, but larger ; still, not a seed has resulted. Plainer
proof that cross-fertilisajion of species will produce
infertility could hardly be found. It is worthy of
remark that some of our varieties of the Potato are
wondrously fertile, whilst others are absolutely bar-ren.
This season Radstock Beauty is so fertile that it has
given seed-balls at the rate of more than a peck
to the rod ; indeed, I have found clusters of not less
than twenty-five seed-pods frequently. I can hardly
imagine that these free seeders are the product of any
previous cross between diverse species, though some
of our barren kinds may be so. If the crossing of
varieties of Solanum tuberosum, now fertile, with
such species as S. Maglia or Commersoni, should but
be productive in the progeny of absolute infertility,
the gain will be problematical. B. T.

Root Fusion. — The twin Oaks near Leebotwood,
referred to by your correspondent, " E. W. G.,"
p. 375, as worthy of illustration in the Gardeners^
Chronicle, have already been given by the writer of
this note. A small illustration from a camera-lucida
drawing, and brief description, will be found in the
Gardeners' Chronicle iox September 3, 18S1, p. 313.
W. G. S.

Sweet Brier. — The delicious odour the Sweet
Brier exhales ought to commend it to every one, and
cause it to be extensively planted, for besides the
lovely perfume it gives off, which quite pervades the
air in spring after a shower, it is one of the most
ornamental shrubs any one can have, as may be seen
just now, for wherever there are bushes of it they are
aglow with their bright coloured hips, which are
exceedingly ornamental, showing off well and most
effectively at a distance, where they look like brilliant
blooms, and light up a place. Rain and wind that
spoil flowers so quickly have no adverse action on
them, and for weeks yet to come they will be shining
objects, and remain so long after gardens are bare.
We have a hedge of plants, but where, I think, they
look best is in the foreground of evergreens at the
back of a herbaceous border, or as isolated plants on
grass, for which they are specially suited, and I was
much struck with some I saw the other day so planted,
as they were of the loose bush form and laden wilh
their coral-red hips that were all aglow in the sun.
It occurred to me when looking at them, as it has
done before, how serviceable they and many other of
our berried plants would be for cutting from for the
embellishment of dinner-tables, where sprigs judi-
ciously used would be much more appropriate than
flowers, and at this season great variety could be had,
as there are those of many sorts of Berberis, Craije-
gus. Weeping Ash, and lots of others almost as beau-
tiful, and therefore a fine display might be made.
Mr/oli.

Ornithogalum gracile. — Mr. Wolley Dod com-
plains of this plant not growing wilh him. It is the
same with me. I bought fifty at one of Messrs. Pro-
theroe & Morris' sales ; I potted them carefully and
placed them in a cool house, but not one has grown,
T. Woodford.

Cyclamen hederjefolium with White Flowers.
— Among the plants which just now lend a special
charm to some of our English gardens are the
autumnal-flowering Cyclamens. Of these, C. he-
derjelolium has made itself quite at home here.
It is now more than three weeks since it first began
to push its lovely flowers through ihc soil, and I
have been much surprised at finding that in various
parts of the garden plants of this Cyclamen which had
hitherto produced flowers of the typical rose colour
have now all their flowers of a pure white, differing,
indeed, in no respect from the white variety enumer-
ated in the nursery catalogues, and sold for twice the
price of the typical one. If the plants which have
thus thrown up white flowers had tjeen seedlings from
the type they might be regarded as affording simple
examples of the common phenomena of seedling
variations ; but what gives special interest to this case
is that the very same tubers— and that not in one
instance only, but in many, and in various parts of
the garden — which had for years past produced the
coloured flowers are now throwing up nothing but
white. Perhaps some of your readers could tell us

SEPlEMBtK 27, 1SS4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-.

407

whelher their experience as to the flowering of the
C)chmen during the present season is in accordance
wuh my own. do. y. All/nan^ Ardmore^ Parkstotte,
Vorsi't.

Transplanting Fruit and Evergreen Trees.
— What a grand limeil is for transplanting, especially
for evergreens, which, during the great heat that pre-
vailed some time ogo, had their growth checked and
their young shoots ripened to a degree rarely seen at
this season, and with the wood and foliage so hard
and mature the plants are in a safe and suitable con-
dition for lifting. This applies also in a great
measure to deciduous subjects, especially fruit trees,
which, if proper care be taken, cannot now be
moved too soon, for with the leaves on them they
make fresh roots very quickly, and becoming re-
established so soon, they are quite able to bear a
crop the year after. Feeling and knowing this, we
have for the past week been busy at our Tlum
wall, where we have had the whole of the trees up
and re-arranged them, as they were at irregular dis-
tances. Many of the old ones wc have discarded and
placed the young ones at about 13 feet apart, which
spaces ihey nearly fill, and some of them quite, as
they had been planted between the old ones, or
grown on other walls ready for furnishing the one
they are now on, which is of a westerly aspect. The
way we managed was to open a wide trench down the
middle of the border, from which we worked back to
the trees, carefully removing by the aid of forks the
soil from among the roots till each tree could be lifted,
taking them one by one, and placing them in iheir
allotted position till the job was complete. To give
them every chance, all of them had several barrow-
loads of fresh turfy loam, just carted for the purpose,
and on mounds of this, chopped up roughly, the
plants were stood at the proper level, and the roots were
covered with the same kind of stufi' as quickly as pos-
sible, immediately after which heavy waterings were
given to wash it well among them and prevent flag-
ging of the leaves ; and to keep these fresh we have
used the garden engine freely, as the sun is hot upon
the wall all the afternoon. As soon as we have
finished with these Plums we shall begin on a large
young Peach, which we want to put in the
place of another on the back wall of a house,
and when we get it there we shall shade it slightly
for a day or two, and treat it in other respects as we
have done those referred to. Next to that, we shall
lift some Pears, which we are growing on and pre-
paring for our main wall, and as these have not room
to extend where they are, we shall lift and replant
them in a spare part of the garden, where their
training will be finished by tying the leaders and
branches to stakes. In two years time they will
transplant well again, when they will be again moved
early to replace the old trees, and the wall thus re-
furnished at once. As it is hot and sunny, evergreens
require the same care, for though they may not tlag so
readily, their leaves ought to be kept up, and the only
way to succeed in doing that is to be expeditious in
lifting and getting them in again, and to be free in the
use of the water-pot, engine, or syringe, as besides
giving the roots a thorough soaking, it is important
thai the tops be kept fresh, which damping them over
will assist much in doing. The things to start first on
are the Coniferas, as, being of the most value, they
should have the best chance. To insure success, it is
necessary to open out well round the plants, so as to save
every root, and care ought to be taken that not one of
any size be broken or bruised, as all are wanted, and the
more the trees have the better they do. Another thing
to be particular about and to guard against is wind
waving, for if a tree is oscillated to and fro the main
roots become strained and chafed, under which cir-
cumstances it is impossible for them to send out fresh
fibres, or if emitted they get rubbed off again. To
prevent these evils each plant should be properly
staked and tied, ofsecured and maintained in a quiet
rigid position by straps, either of stout wire or strong
cord running out from the main stem, to which it may
be made fast to a collar, and the other ends to stakes
driven well into the ground. Rhododendrons, Laurels,
Aucubas, Box, Hollies, and all such-like shrubs are
very little trouble, as most of them may be lifted with
good large balls, and transferred from one place to
another without feeling much check. The great point
with these, as with the others, is to start early and Itt
the plants have the benefit of the warmth now in the
soil that ihey may get a thorough good hold before
winter sets in, which they will if moved at once, as
root action will not cease for some time yet to come.
J. S/u-f/a't/.

Pea Crop of I884. — This has been the worst
Pea year, and the shortest, in Northamptonshire, I
have experienced. The first Peas were sown on
February 5— Laxton's Earliest of AH, William I.,
Sunrise, and American Wonder. Oij April 13 the
minimum thermometer fell to 13*", or ig** of frost,
which made great havoc with them and fruit trees.
Earliest of All Pea in flower May 13, William I.,
May 16 ; Sunrise and American V/onder, May 19.

I gathered Earliest of All on June 19 ; American
Wonder, on June 22 ; William I,, on June 24 ; and
Sunrise, on June2S. I'^arliest of All is the earliest Pea
I have yet met with ; it is less productive than Wil-
liam I. and Sunrise. American Wonder is very early
and prolific, and the best for small gardens. Several
new Peas for main crop were tried against Payn's
Conqueror ; this Pea has been annually grown in this
garden for forty-four years, and holds its own against
nil comers. It is very prolific, a continuous bearer, of
excellent flavour, fine colour when boiled, and not so
liable to mildew as many. Culverwell's CUant Marrow
proved the most disappointing, the large bladder-pods
(>nly half filled, and flavour very inferior. I shall,
however, give it another trial. The rainfall from May
I to September 3[ was only 5.31 inches. Floorc.

Disease in Poplars. — Black Italian and Balsam
Poplars grown in the neighbourhood of Glasgow
become early affected with canker, and are thereby
soon rendered useless. An examination of the
diseased parts shows the tissue between bark and
wood to be infested with small white worms. Can
any remedy be suggested to save the trees already
iiflfected ? — or is there any known cause for this disease
which might be guarded against in future planting ?

Blackberries. — It is very interesting to note the
exceeding profusion this season of many kinds of wild
or uncultivated fruits, whilst we have to lament such
a dearth of some of our best orchard fruits. Very
materially, without doubt, this difference is due to the
fact that whilst most garden fruits bloom early or in
the most fickle period of the spring, most of the
hardy fruits bloom after much danger is passed. Thus
we find that wholesome fruit, the Blackberry, to be
this autumn quite abundant. But a few weeks since
and it seemed as if the crop would have been scorched
up, but now we find a profusion of them, and judging
by the way in which the fruit is being sought for we
should think little is wasted. There really is much
enjoyment in a day's Blackberrying, and specially so
for the town-folks. Were it not that the hedgerows
might suffer, there could be found no form of outing
so productive of enjoyment to town children as a
day's Blackberrying about our fields and lanes. In
many districts the fruit has become a profitable article,
for, costing nothing to produce, the only labour
spent is in gathering it, and the berries can easily be
sold in any populous locality. Specially valuable are
the fruits this season because of the general scarcity of
Apples. Fortunately for those who love the Black-
berry, our farmers are not such ardent admirers of
close trimmed hedgerows as railway directors are,
hence Brambles are yet largely permitted to exist and
fruit. B, D.

How to Grow Hyacinths.— Hyacinth bulbs are
usually imported from Holland in the month of
August, and from that time onward to the New Year
they are olTered for sale by all seedsmen and florists,
r.ood bulbs should be plump, well formed, and solid,
and it may here be remarked that, as a rule, the
single varieties give most satisfaction. The end of
September or beginning of October is the best time
for general planting. When one bulb only is to be
planted in each pot, 5^ or 6 inch pots should be used.
A very pretty effect can be had by planting three
bulbs, varieties that flower about the same time, in
a 7-inch pot. The best compost for growing Hya-
cinths is made by mixing turfy loam, sharp sand, and
old rotted manure, in the proportion of two parts
loam, one part sand, and one part manure. Fill the
pots to within three-quarters of an inch of the top
with the soil, and plant the bulbs, taking care, how-
ever, not to bury them. The top of the bulb must
not be covered, all the rest may. After planting give
a good watering, and set the pots away in some dark
place for at least a month ; by thai time the roots
will have grown considerably, and be able to endure
and support the growth of leaves and flowers, which
will begin soon after the plants are exposed to the
light. It is a good plan to cover up the pots
during the month they are secluded from the light.
Cocoa-nut fibre or dry ashes are often used for this
purpose, but if neither can be had or conveniently
applied, a piece of brown paper or cloth spread over
the pots will do. To bring the Hyacinth to perfec-
tion it is necessary that watering be carefully attended
to, and that the plants get as much sunlight as pos-
sible after the first month. Liquid manure will not
be necessary if the pots are filled at the beginning
with the compost recommended. Cultivation in
glasses never produces so satisfactory results as pot
growing, but the process is very interesting, and con-
sequently much followed. Place the bulb in the
glass, so that its base will be within a quarter of an
inch of the surface of the water. A small piece of
charcoal placed in the water is recommended to keep
it sweet, but it will nevertheless require to be changed
occasionally. Adopt a similar course to that advised
for pot -growing, keeping from the light until roots are
formed. Treatment exactly similar to that recom-

mended above will grow Tulips, Crocus and many
other of the finest Dutch bulbs to perfection. Of
course, the smaller the bulb the greater the number
that may be planted in each pot. For the outlay of a
few shillings it will be seen that every home in the
kingdom could easily be made bright, attractive, and
interesting during the months of December, January,
and February, by the growing of a few potfuls of
Dutch bulbs. IVm. C.

Veitch's Selected Extra Early Peas.— I can
fully endorse all your correspondents say in favour
of the above Pea. We have grown it here for two
seasons, and by its earliness, productiveness, and good
quality, it has given very great satisfaction, which is
my reason for recording my experience of it — also for
the benefit of those who have not yet grown it and
who may have to meet the ever-increasing demand
fortheearliestdelicaciesof the season. T/ios. Shiti^leSt
Tortivorlh,

The Potato Crop of Ireland.— I grow a con-
siderable extent and a number of varieties of Potatos,
and lately have had a vacation trip through many
parts of Ireland. These facilities enable me to give
you an idea of the above. We have had the driest
season, especially in the centre and south of Ireland,
for at least fifty years. This is the conclusion of most
aged people to whom you speak. Some crops have
been wholly and others partially ruined. Among the
former would be grass, and I might add the Turnip
crop, especially where the soil is of limestone forma-
tion. To the latter would be referred the whole
Brassica tribe. Money could not buy here at present
a presentable head of Cauliflower or Broccoli. I have
been to some shows, and judged at others, and
noticed the same thing everywhere. Gardeners who
may happen to have water have given up perpetually
watering those crops. I have been remaking some
flower-beds within the last few days, and at 2 feet
deep found the soil " in powder." Now there is one
crop that has benefited by all this— the Potato crop.
Vou will be glad to hear there is no Potato blight in
Ireland this year. When you have regard to the
general prosperity of the country, there is no factor of
equal moment to this. It means millions to the
middle and lower classes, and plenty for all. Some
one may take exception to my statement, and say
they have Flounders, Snowflakes, Victorias, Regents,
or some other susceptible variety affected. No doubt
I saw Peronospora in a close kitchen garden a month
since in Wexford, in another in Kilkenny, and a third
on the confines of Limerick ; but they were the
merest patches, and without the predisposing mois-
ture did not spread. All my early and second early
varieties— Myatt's, Carter's First Crop, Cosmopolitan,
Ashtop Fluke, Beauty of Hebron, Eight Weeks, Early
Rose, Old Fortyfold, Holborn Favourite, and White
Elephant — are lifted, and I am proud honestly to say
I did not see a diseased Potato this year, certainly
not among those named, though some of them other
years would be sure to be affected. Now, in passing,
I would draw the attention of Mr. Worlhington Smith
to this fortunate state of things, and ask him. Does it
alter in any way his fungoid opinions? What does
he think of Mr. Jensen's " earthing-up " principle?
And, lastly, as to the possibility of being finally done
with the Potato disease ? This would be a grand look-
out for the farming and general public ; they could
then grow the larger varieties for cattle feeding, and
a partial failure of Turnips or forage crops would be
of secondary importance. This is not visionary, for
I have gone carefully through our field Potatos —
Magnum Bonums, Champions, Schoolmaster, Porter's,
Red-skin Flourball, and The Hero (a capital Potato)
—and they are absolutely free from a sign of blight,
and are now nearly naturally decayed. The quantity
may be under other years, but the quality is superb.
In Ireland to-day the difficulty would be to find a
Potato of bad quality. Sunshine and proper ripening
are the cause and effect, and on both success
depends ; further, success next year seems assured
too, for the smallest and deepest tuber is dried and
ripened in the ground, and those at all near the sur-
face are more or less "greened." W. J, Murphy^
ClonmeU

House and Church Decoration.— Two suitable
greenhouse shrubs for this purpose are to be found in
Sparmannia africana and Clcthra arborea. The first
is an easily cultivated plant, that produces great quan-
tities of pure white flowers, with lemon coloured
anthers, appearing in winter and spring on the ripe
wood of the previous year's growth. For early winter
flowering it will be found best to forward the first
growth by placing the plants in a vinery at work, or
in an intermediate-house for several weeks, as the
chances of an early production of bloom are thereby
increased, A good compost for them is peat and
loam, not much sand, and efficient but not excessive
drainage, as it is greedy of moisture when growing,
the foliage being soft and large. Small pots are
preferable to large ones, as large pots lead to leaf
development only. The plant will do out-of-doora in

4o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

July and August, and the first half of September. A
spot where they can enjoy the morning sun up to
12 o'clock suits them capitally, the pots being plunged
up to the rims in sand or ashes. Clethra arborea, some-
times called the Lily of the Valley tree, is a handsome
subject, that will with constant potting and tubbing
arrive at the height of 30 feet, but which can be
made to grow healthily in small pots, and so make
miniature trees, in true Chinese dwarfing fashion, of
3 to 4 feet. The plant is an evergreen, having noble
looking foliage not unlike that of Rhododendron
cinnamomeum, and in old trees corrugated cork-like
bark. The inflorescence is produced in spring as
panicles of white small bell-shaped blooms of a
pleasing size and appearance. Ordinary greenhouse
temperature suits it best, but it may, like the preceding
plant, be placed oul-ol-doors for three months during
the warm season — a position in the full sun, but away
from walls, &c., being the most proper place for it,
the wood requiring plenty of sunshine to ripen it.
Cuttings of the Clethra strike easily in a moderate
bottom-heat in August or September, in a close pro-
pagating pit without a bell-glass, but in an airy
structure, such as a Pine-pit, &c., with a glass over
them. M. F.

Aralia papyrifera. — Now is a good time to
make root-cuttings of this plant, These may be
made exactly like Seakale sets, with a straight cut
transversely for the upper end, and an oblique one for
the lower. The sets can be inserted thickly in sandy
soil, the transverse cut end being just level with the
soil. Treated cool, they will begin to grow in April,
when they may be potted. Planted out in good
ground they make nice plants by the autumn. M. E.

Royal Horticultural : Sept. 23 and 24.

The Fruit and Vegetable Show.— This fine
meeting was held in the conservatory at the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens on Tuesday and
Wednesday last, and proved a source of instruction
and delight to the great crowds of persons visiting the
International Health Exhibition. We may safely aver
that there were but few persons at that exhibition who
did not avail themselves of the opportunity afforded of
seeing the finely grown fruits there staged by some of
our best growers for competition. The season has in
all ways been very favourable to Grape growing, as
was quite apparent in the well ripened, well coloured
examples shown, and for quantity of Grapes put up,
even equalling the now celebrated shows at the West-
minster Aquarium. The only sign of imperfect
colouring was seen in the class for Alicantes, and in
this were several examples of that unpleasant foxiness
of tinge, where in all other points the bunches were
meritorious.

Grapes. — The Grapes occupied one long table
running up the centre of the conservatory — Apples,
Peaches, and a variety of other fruits, and the
few floral productions, the side tables — so that
promenaders had sufficient room to move about.
For the best collection of ten varieties, six black
and four white, four competitors entered. Mr.
Wildsmith, gr. to Viscount Eversleigh, Heckfield,
was 1st, with fine bunches of Gros Maroc ; Lady
Downe's, particularly good in bunch and berry ;
Golden Queen, White Tokay, Alnwick Seedling,
Black Alicante, among his best ; Madresfield Court,
Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburgh, Mrs. Pear-
son, completing the varieties. Mr. J. Wallis, gr. to
Rev. W. Sneyd, Keele Hall, Staffordshire, was 2d,
his Golden Queen, Gros Colraar, Gros Maroc, Black
Alicante, Buckland Sweetwater, Lady Downe's being
of very superior quality ; Mr. J. Roberts, gr. to
Baroness Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park, Acton, was
3d, with very fine Gros Maroc, Madresfield Court,
and Barbarossa. Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Great
Berkhamsted, showed Barbarossa, Golden Queen,
Muscat of Alexandria, and several others, but failed
to win honours. For the best collection of five kinds,
three black and two white. — 1st, Mr. Woodbridge,
gr. to the Duke of Northumberland, Syon. In this lot
were noticed some beautiful examples of Muscat Ham-
burgh, Madresfield Court, Trebbiano, Muscat of
Alexandria, all of which were excellent in bunch,
berry, and all other points, and the variety Lady
Downe's possessed immense berries even for that
kind ; 2d, Mr. Horsefield, gr. to Lord Heytesbury,
Heytesbury House, Wilts. In this collection were
the Chatsworth Seedling, a variety, small-berried cer-
tainly, but which carried a fine bloom ; Muscat Ham-
burgh, Foster's Seedling, and Trebbiano, were also good.
For the best three bunches of Muscat of Alexandria,
1st, Mr. W. Pratt, gr. to the Marquis of Bath, Long-
leat, who had some of the finest Grapes in the show,
one of them especially was a grand solid bunch, not
too heavily shouldered ; 2d, Mr, Charles Herrin, gr.

to J. N. Hibbert, Esq., Chalfont Park, Gerrard's
Cross, with good well ripened bunches, that were
rather irregularly berried, perhaps from being over-
thinned ; 3d, Mr. W. Allan, gr. to Lord Suffield,
Gunton Park, Norfolk, with good but still less
weighty bunches. Mr. J. J. Lowry, gr. to James
Macdonald, Esq., Belmont,lMill Hill ; Mr. J. Roberts,
and Mr. W. Hare, Park Hill, Streatham, also com-
peted in this class. For the best three bunches of
Black Hamburgh Grapes.— ist, Mr. W. Pratt, Long-
leat, with very good heavily-shouldered bunches
bearing not extremely large berries ; 2d, Mr. J. H.
Goodacre, gr. to Lord Harrington, Elvaston Castle,
with fine Iruit, well coloured ; 3d, Mr. J. Roberts,
Gunnersbury, whose bunches were small and well
coloured, with perfect bloom on them. Messrs.
Chuck, of Brodsworth Hall, and Richards, of
Somerley House, Ringwood, showed likewise fair
samples. The competition for the best three bunches
of Gros Colmar brought a lot of very fine fruit, the
1st prize being awarded to Mr. A. Smith, gr. to H.
Sewell, Esq., Warren Hill, Loughton, Essex, his
fruit being first-class in all points ; 2d, Mr. J.
Summers, gr, to the Earl of Scarborough, Sand-
beck Park, Rotherham. This fruit ran the
winner very close, still the bunches were less
symmetrical than those j 3d, Messrs. H. Lane &
Son, Great Berkhamsted, Herts, with fruit fine of
berry but not of bunch. For the three best bunches
of Black Alicante Grapes Mr. W. Pratt was again in
the 1st place, his bunches being of immense size, but
with not corresponding berries ; 2d, Mr. W. Howe,
gr. to Henry Tate, Esq., Park Hill, Streatham, with
a well coloured good sample, and the bloom without
blemish ; 3d, Mr. J. Worthing, gr. to A. Moss, Esq.,
Cbadwell Heath, with another fine lot, the bloom
also very fine. Messrs. W. Wildsmith, J, Hudson,
and H. Lane & Son showed fine fruit in this class.
For the best three bunches of Madresfield Court. — 1st,
Mr. J. Roberts, who had medium-sized bunches of
superior quality in all points ; 2d, Mr. J. Wood-
bridge, with a beautiful sample ; 3d, Mr. J. H. Good-
acre, with small bunches but good in other points.
For the best three bunches of any other variety of
Grape other than those already noticed. — 1st, Mr. J.
Hudson, for perfect Alnwick Seedling, the bunches
being of the customary medium size ; 2d, Mr. R.
Gilbert, gr. to the Marquis of Exeter, Burghley
House, with well coloured Gros Maroc, fine of bloom,
but which had got rubbed in transit ; 3d, Mr.
Summers, with Black Barbarossa. The prizes for
three bunches of the highest Savoured Grapes were
awarded, the Ist to Mr. Woodbridge, for exquisite
Muscat Hamburghs, well coloured but small of
bunch ; 2d, Mr. J. Roberts ; 3d, Mr. J. Hud-
son, both being of the first-named kind, the
competing varieties of the other exhibitors being
White Frontignac and White Muscat. For
any variety certificated by the Royal Horticul-
tural Society. — Ist, Mr. W. Wildsmith, with Gros
Maroc ; 2d, Mr. J. Hudson, with Alnwick Seedling
(Certificate to Mr. Bull, December 6, 1876) ; 3d, Mr.
W. Allan, for Mrs. Pearson. The only award made,
a 1st, for fruiting Vines in pots of the sorts Gros
Colmar, Foster's Seedling, Lady Downe's, and
Alicantes, fell to Messrs. H. Lane & Son.

Pines. — There were but few Pines shown, these
fruits not being included in the schedule, and those
shown, but not for competition, were awarded extra
prizes, viz., four splendid examples of Smooth Cayennes
brought by Mr. Cbas. Ross, Welford Park, one of
which weighed 9 lb. 7 oz., and the others not falling
far short of that weight ; and one other Smooth
Cayenne that was sent by Mr. Nicholas, Castle
Hill Gardens, South Molton, that had a weight of
9 lb. 10 oz.

As may be anticipated the prizes for Strawberries
brought poor competition. Mr. Roberts had the only
dish of alpine or Qualre Saisons in a fair sample of
the latter variety ; and with a single dish of any other
variety, Mr. W. Church, Brodsworth Hall, Doncaster,
was 1st, with a fair sample of Vicomtesse Hericart de
Thury ; Mr. H. W. Ward, gr. to Earl Radnor, Long-
ford Castle, was 2d, with the same variety.

Apples. — Dessert Apples made a fine show,
there being not less than eighteen lots of three
dishes staged. With many kinds colour was
exceedingly striking, standing out almost like
scarlet flowers. Mr. Haycock, gr. to Roger
Leigh, Esq., M.P., Barham Court, Maidstone, was
Ist, with, if dull looking, at least superb samples of
Cox's Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and Mother
Apple. Another South-east grower came 2d in the
person of Mr. J. Staples, Chipstead Gardens, Seven-
oaks, who had Devonshire Quarrenden, rich in colour ;
Worcester Pearmain, very fair sample, and a beauti-
fully red-striped conical form, staged as Red Astra-
chan, but which is really the West of England
Redstreak, and more nearly resembles Worcester
Pearmain in form. Mr. A. Waterman, gr. to H. A.
Brassey, Esq., M.P., Preston Hall, Maidstone, came
3d, with pretty King of the Pippins, Worcester Pear-
main, and Gravenstein, a kind that is not handsome,
and although admitted as a dessert is really most

generally classed as a kitchen variety. In other lots
were Belle Gris, small, roundish, and rich coloured ;
Eugenie, broad, conical, and yellow in colour ; Jacob's
Strawberry, the fine and beautifully red-striped Apple
certificated recently, and by the same exhibitor the
Incomparable, a distinct semi-conical square-angled
form, eye depressed, skin greenish-yellow, speckled
russet and heavily flushed with rosy-pink — altogether
an attractive kind. We may state that this latter
is known at Chiswick as Glory of England, and has
been elsewhere shown as Gascoyne's Seedling. As to
Jacob's Strawberry, the stock of which has been
secured by Mr. G. Bunyard, of Maidstone, and
which, whatever it may be, must presently become a
most popular market Apple, there seems, we learn
from Mr. Bunyard, some doubt as to its identity with
another name, and this he hopes shortly to clear up,
for his own satisfaction and that of the trade, before
the kind is put into commerce.

Kitchen Apples made a grand show ; indeed, of
the nineteen lots of three dishes staged we must say
we have seldom seen better average size and quality.
A veteran exhibitor of these fruits, Mr. Ross, gr. to
C. Eyre, Esq., of Welford Park, Newbury, was Ist,
with gigantic Lord Derby, huge Stirling Castle, and
fine though not handsome Mere de Mtnage. , Mr,
Haycock was 2d, with a singularly even, handsome
collection, comprising the finest dish of Peasgood's
Nonsuch we have seen. Belle Dubois or Gloria
Mundi, and Warner's King — the whole lot having, if
just a little less weight than the Ist lot, at least much
more of beauty. The judges, however, seem to have
preferred size to symmetry, which is doubtful prac-
tice. Mr. Waterman was 3d, with Peasgood's Non-
such, Warner's King, and Blenheim Pippin. Of
other good samples were Emperor Alexander, Lord
Suffield, Golden Noble, and Beauty of Kent.

Pears. — There were but seven lots of Pears
staged, some of which were not first-rate. The
best, fine and handsome samples of Durandeau,
Doyenne Boussoch, and Pitmaston Duchesse, were
staged by Mr. Haycock. Mr. G, Goldsmith, The
Gardens, Hollanden, Tonbridge, was 2d, with good
Williams' Bon Chretien, Brockworth Park, and
Doyenne Boussoch ; and Mr. Turton, gr. to J. Har-
greaves, Esq., Maiden Erleigh, near Reading, was
3d, with Brockworth Park, Jersey Gratioli, and
Souvenir du Congr^s.

Plums. — There was a good muster of Plums, prizes
being offered for the best two dishes, and in each these
went to Pond's Seedling and Golden Drop. Mr. J,
Staples, Mr. S. Ford, Leonardslee ; and Mr. J. May,
gr. to Captain Le Blanc, Barnet, took the prizes in
the order given.

Peaches were in grand form, not less than twenty-
eight dishes being staged, and most of the samples
were first-class. Here Mr. J. Harris, gr. to Mrs.
Vivian, Singleton, Swansea, was 1st, with superbly
coloured and large fruits of that splendid kind. Sea
Eagle ; Mr. Wildsmith was 2d, with finely coloured
large Nectarine Peach ; and Mr. Haycock was 3d,
with good Lady Palmerston. The yellow-skinned
Exquisite, Princess of Wales, and Late Admirable,
were also well shown.

Vegetables. — A very fine display was made of
vegetables, the class for eight kinds bringing eleven
collections, the quality throughout being exceptionally
good. Mr. J. T. Miles was 1st, with handsome and
large Cave's Pinesfield Onions, very distinct ; James'
Scarlet Carrots, Edgcote Seedling Potatos, Canadian
Wonder Beans, Exhibition Brussels Sprouts, Improved
Masters' Prolific Cucumber, green and handsome ;
Green Globe Artichokes, and rich coloured Slam-
foidian Tomatos. Mr. Haines, gr. to Earl Radnor,
Coleshill, Berks, was 2d, with splendid Rousham
Park, white Spanish Onions, Major Clarke's Celery,
Stamfordian Tomatos, very handsome ; Intermediate
Carrots, Reading Russet Potatos, Champion Runners,
Purley Park Cucumbers, &c. Mr. A. Miller, gr.
to W. H. Long, Esq., M.P., Broad Ashton, Trow-
bridge, who was 3d, had clean but rather big Parsnips,
good Telegraph Cucumbers, Bread-fruit Potatos, &c.
Amongst the various collections not intended for
competition was one from Mr. T. Rivers, nursery-
man, Sawbridgeworth, in which some fine large seed-
ling Pears were conspicuous. These were the pro-
duce of a fruit of Louise Bonne of Jersey, the male
parent being unknown. In some respects, and chiefly
in the green and red-brown lints and warty appear-
ance of the rind, they bore resemblance to that kind,
their size being above that of an average Louise
Bonne. Some Plums were also noticed, good late
■culinary kinds, viz , Grand Duke and Monarch, red-
dish-purple, medium-sized fruits, the first-named
seldom ripening out-of-doors before October 10. Mr.
Gladstone Peach, one of the largest and most
luscious of the late freestone kinds ; Exquisite, a
yellow Peach ; Princess of Wales, Albatross, Lord
Palmerston and Lady Palmerston Peaches among the
better known kinds ; good examples ol Rivers' Nec-
tarine Peach, and a few varieties of dessert Pears,
completed this interesting collection. Messrs. Paul

Sbptbmber 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

409

& Son, The Old Nursery, Cheshunt, had a large
collection of culinary and dessert Apples. A collec-
tion of fifty-four dishes of Apples and six of Pears
came from Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, and
several cordon Apple trees, loaded with fruit.

Flowers.— The flower section of seasonable out-of-
doors subjects was also of some interest and attractive-
ness, as seen in the stands of Mr. T. Ware, who had
stands of Dihlias, double and single blooms, and of
D, C'lns'ance, D. Juarezi, &c. Mr. Chis. Turner,
whi had alao sho^v and sini^lc-tloweteJ D,ihli.ii.
Messrs. Paul & Sjn. The Old Xjrseries, Cheshunt,
had the large number of ten dozen shiw and fancy
Dahlias, supplemented with smne fine seedling single
varieties, and boxes of hardy flowers. Messrs. Raw-
lings Bros., Romford, showed some seedling show
and fancy Dahlias, of tine quality, as well as several
boxes of older varieties of the same flower. Messrs.
\V. Paul & Son, Waliham Cross, h-id ei^ht boxes of
Rose blooms. Messrs. Keynes, Williams k, Co.,
Salisbury, were exhibitors of many stands of show
and other Dahlias ; and Mr. Campbell, of Cove
Gardens, Gourock, of Gladioli. A quantity uf
splendid Lapa^eria blooms came from Mr. Hum-
phreys, Nash Court, Faversham, these being a great
advance on L. rosea.

Mr. Barron sent from the Society's Gardens, Chis-
wick, twenty-six varieties of Maize, which showtd
varying degrees of ripening, thanks to our unusually
warm summer. Apparently ripe were Zekler, a Hun-
garian kind ; Cinq quantino, Eirly Yellow Motteaux,
Yellow from Benary, Yellow Auxonne, and Reri-
seeded, all small-headed varieties, with generally
small corns. From the same gardens came likewise
twenty-six kinds of Grape?, including many of the
American kinds, mostly in a ripe condition.

Messrs. Carter & Co. showed a seedling Potato,
the result of a cross between Carter's Champion
Forcing and the Ashtop Fluke. The produce and
growth of one set was prodigious, but very small in
size, the result of this being only the fourth year from
seeding.

Cheltenham Show. — The show of the County of
Gloucester and Cheltenham Horticultural Society was
held in the Monipellier Gardens, Cheltenham, on
the i8th inst. There are few places more noted than
Cheltenhatn as a fashionable centre, and with its popula-
tion of upwards of 70,003 inhabitants lliere ought to be
no better place for a flower show so far as altendince
goes, but we have seen many show grounds in far smaller
towns with a great many more visitors. In many
respects the show was a very good one. The plants
were admirable, the majority being well cultivated,
effectively arranged, and very fairly judged, which is
more than we will say of some things lurther on. Mr.
Cypher was at home here in two ways, viz., close to hi?
nursery, and easily at the top of the prize list. His
groups and specimens were a show in iheni^selves, and his
floral arrangements delightful. For eight stove and green-
house plants. Mr. Cypher was ist, with Ixora Pilgrimi,
Allamanda Henderson!, Erica Austiniana. Pha2noconia
proliteraBarnesii, AUamandanobilis. Erica Irbyana, Alla-
manda Schotiiana.ClerodendronBalfourianum. all finespe-
cimens profusely bloomed. For four stove and greenhouse
plants. Mr. Wythes,Kr. toCaptainStewart, wasa good ist,
with Allamanda Hendersoni, Clerodendron Balfounanum,
well bloomed, his others being inferior ; the Eucharis
amazonica was a big, healthy plant, but with few flowers.
The next class was the most important of all, being a
collection of thirty ornamental plants arranged for
effect, and the bulk of the subjects were not the small
tab le- plan t-Uke specimens generally used in such cases,
but the ist prize group contained many of Mr. Cypher's
biggest and best plants. These, and the others com-
peting, were staged to fill up the centre of the largest
tent, with a "face" to each side, and they were highly
attractive. Large Palms, highly-coloured Crotons and
Cordylines, Cycas, Pandanus, Allaniandas, Ixoras, &c ,
composed Mr. Cypher's effective group, and it well
deserved the highest award, not only on account
of the artistic arrangement, but also for the un-
deniable merits of the individual plants. This
was the last time in 1884 that the public will have
an opportunity of inspecting Mr. Cypher's wonderful
plants. In going on with the ornamental groups,
the 2d place was taken by Captain Stewart {gr., Mr.
Wythes). his finest specimens being Areca Verschaffeltii,
Kentia Belraoreana, Dracaena australis, and Latania
borbonica. Messrs. Heath & Son, Cheltenham, were
3d, their Crotons being deficient in colour, and
throughout there were too many duplicates. Exotic
Ferns were very attractive, Mr. Cypher taking the ist
place with a beautifully fresh lot of twelve, amongst
which Dicksonia antarctica, Alsophila australis, Neot-
topteris australis, Davallia Mooreana, D. fijiensis, and
the rare Alsophila elegantissima were conspicuous. Mr.
Cook, gr. to J. Taylor, Esq., was 2d. British Ferns
were small fresh plants, the best coming from Mr. E.
Smith. Messrs. Hopwood & Son, Mr. E. Smith,
Messrs. Hopwood & Son, and Mr. Lodge. Achi-
menes, from R. T. Singwood, Esq., Sir A. Ramsay,
aud, C. Colmore, Esq.. were well grown plants, not very
full of flowers. Fuchsias, from Mr. E. Smith. Mrs.
Gillilan, and H. Hamilton, Esq., were very good for the
season. Zonal Pelargoniums, from R. T. Singwood.
Esq. (gr.. Mr. Lewis), were in fine form, his best plants
being Mrs. G. George, Alice Spencer, De Lesseps, and
Sophia Birkin. The 2d prize was awarded to Mr. Mat-
todc, Oxford. The 3d lot, from Mr. Sparks, gr. to H.

Chapman, Esq., had scarcely any leaves on them. For
an ornamental basket of plants, showing the highest
taste in arrangement, on a stand, Mr. Cypher
was deservedly ist, Messrs. Heath & Son being 2d.
with a less graceful arrangement ; and Mr, Mansfield
was 3d.

Cut flowers were of good quality, .-^mangst the standi
of double Dahlias th^re were some of the tinest bloomi
we have seen for a long time. Mr. Hobbs, of Bristol,
was ist with twenty-four blooms, all unnamed, but a
grand lit ; 2d, Mr. Shaw ; and 3i, Messrs. Heatti &
Son. We were surprised to sej nurseryinin exhibiting
these flowers unnamed ! In the class for nine bunches
of single Dahlias, Mr. Cypher was an easy ist, his mode
of setting them up and embellishing each group with a
fringe of Maidenhair Fern being highly aliraciive ; 2d,
Mr. Matlock. Oxford ; and 3d, Mr. .Smith, Cheltenhim,
with "bundles," not by any means pretty. French
A'sters were uncommonly good from ^Ir. Mattock, so
were the German ones Irom Mr. Hobbs. Oiily two
boxes of stove and greenhouse blooms were staged,
Messrs. Heath being ist with a stand in which there
were many Orchids ; 2d, Ciptain Stewart, vi.-ry attractive.
Koses were not numerous or of the be.t quality, and the
intense lieat in the tents soon caused tlie blooms to open
and fade^ Messrs. Heath were ist, and M<issrs. [efferies,
of Cirencester, were 2d, for twelve varieties, bor three
vases of cut flowers for the dinner-table, displaying the
greatest tiste in arrangement. Miss Cypher, as usual,
fir outdistanced all campetilors with a truly charming,
light, and gracefully-filled triplet; Mr. j. Pilgrmi being
2d with others th it were far loo crowded, as were also
those from Mrs. Mansfield and Mrs. Gillilan in another
class. The bouqu-ts were greatly admired, especially
the ist prize one, which came from Miss Cypher, and
was faultless in flowers, blending of colours, and general
finish. Mrs Mansfield and Mrs. Gillilan followed as
respectively 2d and ^d.

Fruit. — In some classes this was very good. For
two bunches of black Grapes Mr. Webb, of M4lvern,
was deservedly ist, with very fine Black Hamburghs ;
Mr. James, gr. to the Rev. G. Coventry, folio .ving
closely with the same variety. For one dish of black
Grap-'s Mr. Webb was again ist with Black Hamburghs,
and Mr. Hunt, gr. to T. P. W. Butt, Esq., was 2d, with
small bunches of Black Alicantes ; Mr. Cook, Chelten-
ham, was 3d. In white Grapes, consisting of two dishes,
Mr. James was a good tst, with splendid bunches of
Muscat of Alexandria ; Mr. Clift, gr. to Mrs. Greaves,
was 2d ; but for this position the 3d prize lot from Mr.
Webb was generally better fitted, which were very perfect
specimens of Golden Champion. For a collection of
fruit, six dishes, Mr. Child, gr. to the Earl of Coventry,
WAS ist, with Muscat of Alexandria, Lady Downe's.
Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, and Pears, all in excellent
condition ; 2d, Mr. Cook ; 3d, Mr. Webb--the latter
having a beautiful Melon and excellent Black Alicante
Grapes. There was nothing worthy of note in the collec-
tions of four dishes of fruit, alt the exhibits being badly
dished up, the Grapes particularly so, and to this must
be added somewhat inferior quality. Peaches and Nec-
tarines were not extensively shown. Messrs. Cook, Webb,
and Wythes being the prize-winners for Peaches and
Nectarines, which were nut of particularly good quality.
Melons were a nice lot, Messrs. James, Mansfield and
Child gaining the pri-ces in the green or white-fleshed
section ; and Captain Tickell and Messrs. Clift and Mr.
James in theclass forscarlet-fleshed fruits. Of Plums there
were but few, and Apples and Pears did not do justice to
such a splendid fruit county as Gloucestershire ; but
probably exhibitors did not know well what to bring, as
in the prize list it was only stated " Apples and Pears,
nine of each," which, we presume, might include from
one to an unlimited number of dishes.

Vegetables and Potatos were exhibited in coubiderable
quantity, but the quality of much of it does not demand
special mention of any one lot. Much of it was rather
fantastically shown, and Potatos were in many instances
rather coarse samples. The baskets of salads were a
grand feature in the centre of the vegetable tent ; they
were large hampers placed on ornameatal stands and
crown-shaped handles, all decorated with salad matter
— hundreds of Radishes cut into curious shapes — were
suspended all round, and the main body was composed
of Endive, Lettuce, Mustard and Cress, Tropaeolum
blooms. Cucumbers, &c.

Mr. Phillips, florist. High Street, Cheltenham, was an
extensive exhibitor of many well grown little plants and
Ferns, all very ornamental and useful for vase and room
decoration. South Wales.

Massachusetts Horticultural : Boston, Aits- 23.
— At the weekly exhibition held to-day a large display of
Asters was made, it being prize day for them. Mr. E.
Sheppard was awarded the ist prize for thirty blooms
not less than ten varieties of Truffaut's Paeony-flowered.
Mr. John L. Gardiner showed Victoria-flowered, and
was awarded ist prize for thirty blooms, in not less than
eight varieties. Mr. C- M. Hovey received ist prize
for pompons, thirty sprays, not less than six varieties,
one spray of each, and in addition to the abovenamed
exhibitors good displays were made by many others.

fohn C. Hovey showed specimens of Amaryllis HalUi,
a very pretty species from Japan, which I believe is quite
hardy here. Mr. C. H. Hovey contributed Canna
Mentoni and Tigridia pavonia alba. Mr. Edwin Fewkes
showed four Cannas, namely, C. gladioliflora, C. Ehe-
minni, C. Rendatler and C. Premices de Nice ; also the
following list of Dahlias: — Virginia, Little White Aster,
Little Willie, Annie Pritchard, Mr. Compton, John
Wyatt, Nab, Meteor, Champion, Rollo. James Pervice,
Mrs. Saunders, Adelaide, and LitUe Herman. The
Dahlia was also shown by other contributors. Mr.

Franklin Bitchelder exhibited a Urge collection of named
Gladioli, viz., Leand^r, Chameleon, Meyerbeer, Baroness
Biirdelt Coutts, Al'riciine, Titania, De L'isseps, Mrs,
Stewart. President, Norma, llor.ice Hurdett and BUndana.
James Cartwright also ni ide a large display of Glad-
ioli, and Mr. W. H. Spjoner showed three seedlings.
Mr. W. J. Siew.irt exhibited Taylor's Improved -Aster,
and Mr, D. Zirnziehel a variety named Improved Boston
Market (whitej. Mr. John Robinson sent specimens of
iatinrix chinensis, with delicite flowers and foliage.
Mrs. P. D. Richards coatributed a collection of wild
flowers.

The fruits were well represented. Amontj the Peirs
the Williams were the most prominent. The following
Vtirieties of Pears were also noticeable :— Bartlett. Ros-
tiezer, Tyson, Clapp's Favourite, and Quimper, also the
Dearborn. Hale's E irly and Early Canada Peaches
were shown, also a dish of McLaughlin Plums.

In the vegetable department the Potatos were repre-
sented by Perle de Savoy and Hebron. Large Lima
Beans and Peppers were shown.

Au_^ust 30. — .\\ the exiiibition of to-day large dis-
plays of 'rropceolums and Marigolds were made, it
being prize-day for them. Mr. A. .\. Hipon showed a
large collection of Tropi-euhims, which consisted of many
varieties, from pile yellow to brown, aTid was awarded
ist prize. He also took the ist prize fur M iri>jnlds. All
these flowers were well represented to-day. The single
D ihlia was shown by a number of contributors; Mr.
Edwin Sheppard took the ist prize, with the following
varieties, namt-ly. Lucifer, Cloth of Gold, Tyro. Scarlet
G::m, Maud Wealan, Lvitea grandiflora. Acquisition,
Defiance, Harlequin, Striata, S^lfaterre, Norah, Thalia,
H. Baron, Evening Star, Ruby. Lovely, Amber, Canary,
Gracilis, Perfecta, Purple Prince, While Queen, and
Purple Paragon. Mr. Batchelder contributed a large
collection of named pompon Dahlias, viz . Scarlet Gem,
Little Mabel, Sippho, Dora. Hercules, Beatrice, Prince
of Liliputs, Rubus ceniilolius, Lady Blanche, Hedwig
Poluris, Little Ned, Voltaire, Rougier Chauviere, Lilac
Pompon, and No. 14. Mr. Joseph Minchin showed a
Dahlia plant with ten distinct varieties on the same (?).
Mr. D. Duffley exhibited several pots of Amaryllis Bella-
donna in tine (lower, and was awarded a Silver Medal.
Mr. D. Zirnziebel showed new Golden Dwarf Marigold,
and a collection ot Scibiosa. Mr. M. le Baron Matla-
poist^tt exhibited a tasciated stalk of Lilium auratum,
which has had more than sixty flowers. Mr. James
Cartwright made a large display of Gladioli. Mr.
Anthony McLaren showed a large collection of herba-
ceous plants, all carefully named, viz.. Euphorbia corol-
lata, Lilium longiflorum, Ajuga reptans, Lychnis chal-
cedonici var. alba. Anemone jiponica. Veronica pul-
chella, V. virginica, Achillea ptarmica, Pentstemon bar-
batus. Lobelia cardinalis, Convolvulus, Lychnis chalce-
donica. Lysimachia clethroides, Delphinium, Sedum
oreganum, Euphorbia album, and Statice limosuni.

Mrs. P. D. Richards, West Medford, Massachusetts,
exhibited a collection of wild flowers, which consisted of
twelve species of Asters and thirteen SoUdagos. U p to the
present time this lady has shown no less than 175 species
and varieties of wild flowers, not including twenty-seven
species and (we varieties of Ferns, and a large number of
the commoner kinds of flowering plants. The general
displays of cut flowers from several contributors were
uncommonly good.

In the fruit department we noticed among the
Apples the following varieties, namely, Williams,
Gravenstein, .Somerset, Coolidge, Favourite, Stump,
Strawberry. Honey Sweet, Duchess of Oldenburg, Sweet
Bough, and Pumpkin Sweet. Pears. — Bartlett. Tyson,
Clapp's Favourite, Flemish Beauty, Brandy Wine.
Peaches. — Hale's Early. Plums. — Washington, Brad-
shaw. Damson, and Jeflerson. Grapes. — Cham-
pion, The display of vegetables was large and
excellent.

A HOLIDAY TRIP IN INDIA.

{Continued from p. 362.)

The Nilgiris. — From Bangalore I took the
train to Metapollum, at the foot of the Nilgiri Moun-
tains, Between this station and the Kallar River
there is a forest of the Betel-nut Palm, which is very
fine. Conoor is the first hill station one comes to.
It is an exceedingly pretty placi, with Tea, Coffee,
Cinchona, and Eucilyptus plantations in all direc-
tions. Some of the Eucalypti I thought 100 feet high.
When young the E. globulus makes the hill-side look
quite blue. Camellias thrive in the open air, but
they have a horrid way of chopping off their heads.
I think this both a stupid and a barbarous way of
pruning a lovely bush. In Florence, I have seen
Camellia bushes 20 feet high. As to Heliotrope, this
appears to be the home for it. Opposite my hotel
window there was a bank of Heliotrope 80 paces
long and 3 feet broad, covered with exquisitely
scented flowers. It grows like a weed at Conoor.
Tree Ferns grow well, I saw some 10 feet high. Here
I saw a fine specimen of the Agave americana varic-
gata. It was 6 or 7 feet high, and a perfect picture ;
also a Brugmansia suaveolens, 12 feet high, covered
with its enchanting white trumpet-flowers. Conoor
ought to be a fine place lor Oleander, I did not, how-
ever, see one. Sim's Park is a pretty place enough,
but the whole of it is dotted with trees of all sorts

4IO

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 18

without the ghost of a notion of grouping for effect.
AH this is very exasperating to an artistic eye.

Ootacamund is certainly colder and drier in winter
than Conoor. It is much more elevated, but on the
whole, Conoor is a prettier place. Ooty, as they call
it, is much more extensive, and commands far finer
views. Both at Conoor and Ooty the roads are
passable for pony carriages, and also for larger
vehicles at Ooty ; there are forests of Eucalyptus
globulus everywhere. It is quite changing the aspect
of the hills ; the Acacia melanoxylon is also plentiful ;
the latter is a grand tree ; Grevillea robusla also
grows well. Another Australian tree is the Acacia
decurrens. It sends its roots in all directions, throw-
ing up root-shoots all along. They are beginning
to fear that, if it has time enough, it will overrun the
whole place, and will be to the Nilgiri hills what the
rabbit has become to Australia. The owners of pro-
perty about Ooty appear to have been bitten by an
Acacio-Eucalyptic mania. They think of planting
nothing but "Ashtilon" and "Blogoom," as the
natives have christened them. At Ooty they make
hedges of the scarlet Pelargonium, a little pink Rose,
and the little Fuchsia that grows so well in the South
of Ireland and the Channel Islands, but they are all
"higgledy-piggledy." A double scarlet Pelargonium
trained against the wall of a house looked well. The
gem of Ooty, however, is the Richardia celhiopica. In
many of the watercourses are to be seen small forests
of it with magnificent tall foliage, and masses of
white flowers 10 inches from base to tip, and propor-
tionally broad. It is worth coming to the Nilgiri to
see this fine thing. A visit to the Botanic Garden
was rather disappointing ; it contains many interest-
ing trees. I saw here some good specimens of Datura
sanguinea, and a hedge of Heliotrope more than
130 paces long, and about 3 or 4 feet broad. Hitherto I
fancy Cinchona planting had absorbed most attention.
They have hothouse nurseries for Cinchonas, and at
the time I visited the place they were filled with seed-
lings. The wild crimson Rhododendron, with its
charming foliage, is very lovely, yet it is never used
for decorative purposes. In the Nilgiri they prick
out young Eucalypti into cylindrical pots
made of Bamboo basketwork, and when estab-
lished they are planted out, basket and all.
This dodge I fancy might be used for other trees
and climates. The roots are not disturbed, and
the pot soon rots. The life of a planter in the
Nilgiri ought to be a charming occupation. Tea,
Coffee, and Cinchona, all do well in one place
or another. At present quantity appears to be the
object, but I fancy a lime will come when smaller
estates, with higher cultivation and better pro-
duce, will probably pay as well as large estates do
now. I think the future of these products is great, not
perhaps in value, but in extent of use. The people of
India have not been tapped yet, as far as Tea and
Coffee are concerned. Africa has not been touched
as far as regards Tea. The manufacture of iheine
and caffeine may yet possibly absorb millions of
pounds of Tea and Coffee. Wherever there is
a change of temperature and consequent chill,
fevers, neuralgias, &c., will occur — that is, every-
where— and quinine will be used if cheap enough.
I fancy many young fellows come out as planters
who have not a ghost of a notion what plants mean.
They hear there is lots of sport — " shikar " — and out
they come provided with a battery of sporting guns,
and hope to make a fortune in five or six years !
Thus I fancy a good deal of loss of time and labour
occurs from simple want of the proper knowledge.
One afternoon, on my return to Conoor, I was
strolling about, and saw an opening to a hill ; I
went up to see what it was like. The hill had
Tea, Cinchona, and Eucalyptus, all mixed up.
From the age of the different plants I came to the
conclusion that the owner had first planted Tea —
very few then remained. Then he must have tried
Cinchona, and that did not do. Finally he must
have said, " Hang it ! I must get something out of
this property," and planted it with *' Blogoom." It
appeared a dry waterless hill, without a trace of leaf-
mould anywhere. This was a specimen of what an
untrained planter would do — everything at random,
as if he were at a gambling table.

Trinchinopoli. — After leaving the Nilghiri I
went to Trichinopoli and Madura to see the famous
temples there. In those latitudes they use the Agati
grandiflora, the " Agast " of the North-west Provinces
(a small tree with large and quaint Pea-shaped
flowers), for two purposes — ist, the leaves and tender

shoots and flowers are extensively used by natives as
vegetables ; 2d, when the tree grows it is used for
shading the " Pau " Vine and Turmeric, or such-like
crops. They sow its seed thickly on ridges about a
foot or so broad, and use it while young for vegetables,
leaving here and there one plant to grow into a small
tree. The heads of these trees then meet, and as the
leaves are long and pinnate they form a very effective
*'chickhouse " shade. Without some such shading
the direct sun's rays would scorch the tender plants
beneath. The trees down South are principally
Cocoa and Fan Palms. I fancy the latter is a
Borassus and used for making "toddy." Of all
pretty things a grove of Cocoa-nut Palms is certainly
not one of the least. When about one-third grown,
and under that, it is one of the most charming of
Palms, and yet curiously enough, only between Pasur
and Unjaloor, and further on near the South Indian
Railway, have I seen any attempt to jilant an avenue
of Cocoa-nut Palms put in singly. Rows, three
deep, would make a marvellous avenue, so would the
Borassus, Phcenix, and other Palms. It is strange
that down south I have seen no crops of Pine-apple.
With the climate and moisture of South India it
would appear the Pine-apple would grow like a weed
one of the favourite crops is the Plantain. What
gardens might be made in South India with little or
no trouble !

The Hindoo temple of Madura astonishes one with
its immensity, and infinity of monolith pillars — many
of them elaborately, though grotesquely carved It is
in the hands of fanatic Hindoo priests, who make a
bazaar of it. It is surrounded by native buildings,
and the visitor is persecuted by a howling crowd.
The whole is dirty and pervaded by bad smells.

The Deccan. — On my return journey to Upper
India, I visited Hyderabad and Secunderabad in the
Deccan. I thought them both uninteresting places,
and the surroundings nothing but a country of
granite rocks and stones, with some large tanks.
One wonders where His Highness the Nizam gets his
revenue from. They say all the country is not like
that, and in the proper season a great deal of Rice is
grown on terraced land. In the winter, however, the
country looks as if granite quarries would be a success.
The public garden at Hyderabad is unique ; all its
roads are lined on each side with three rows of ugly
crooked pots, with hardly anything in them. Some
miles out of Secunderabad is a picturesque Mahometan
shrine, called Meo Lali. It is on the top of an
immense granite rock. The road thither is like a
desert, but here and there, where wells have been dug,
it is astonishing tiow fertile the soil is, and how
luxuriant the trees on it are. In nooks and corners
I have seen splendid oases, containing Cocoa and
Areca-nut, and Borassus Palms, Plaintains, Tamarind,
and Custard Apples {the .latter, by-the-bye, grows
wild in the Deccan), Mangos, Papayas, Agaves,
Poincianas, Hibiscus, &c. This would appear the
region to introduce from Arabia the scores of fine
kinds of Date Palm, of which Palgrave speaks so
highly ; and this would appear also the place to
introduce the fine kinds of Prickly Pear, which does
so well in Malta and Sicily on rocky soil ; the Vine
and the Olive might probably do well also. The
soil, which is formed of the detritus of granite rocks,
with ordinary manure and water, is immensely
fertile. All along the railway from about Raichore
to Dhond and Manmar, for hundreds of miles,
and as far as the eye can see on both sides of the rail-
way, there is scarcely any cultivation, only here and
there in patches. Scarcely a village is to be seen, and
not a tree, beyond now and again one, a few feet high.
In all that tract of country, I did not notice more than
a dozen head of cattle. There are immense tracts of
territory, in the state of prairie, with grass growing
over the surface everywhere. There is no such thing
as " oosur " (barren) land, as in the North-west Pro-
vince. Here and there rock crops up above the sur-
faces, but mostly it is a grass covered plain. They
say the rock, being near the surface, and the rains
being uncertain, the land is not brought into cultiva-
tion. This may be partially true, nevertheless, near
the railway stations Mango and " Neem " trees, with
irrigation, do very well ; and at one particular station,
Chitali, I saw Oranges, Guava, Promegranates, and
Mulberry growing most vigorously. I have a notion
that this country might be terraced, and faith! there
are stones enough to terrace the whole country. Then
either by wells or tanks, or canals, I believe this land
might be reclaimed. The climate is fair, in winter

charming, and the Carob, Olive, Fig, Pomegranate,
Mulberry, Vine, Orange, Prickly Pear, all delighting
in rocky soils, would probably do well. I be-
lieve the real difficulty is about water. From
what I saw of the country round Hyderabad and
Secunderabad I am inclined to thmk that the soil,
although slight, would do much if water could be
collected in reservoirs or brought by canals. I do
not believe in the rock theory. Just consider what
they do in Malta, Gozo, and Sicily, with the rock
near the surface. The markets there are always
stocked with vegetables and fruit, but then they
collect and store every drop of water they can. In
other parts of India, where it is important that water
should be stored, you see a great want of sense. On
the hills, for instance, the rain-water is allowed to
run away, and then mules are sent to the bottom of
the " Khuds " to bring water from springs — not only
for drinking purposes, but for all purposes ! In most
towns of Italy all the water from the roofs of the
houses is collected and stored.

All about the country I have been just describing,
and further south, there grows a wild Prickly Pear:
I think it is called Opuntia Dilleni. It bears a small
red fruit, which is tasteless, but which poor people
eat. It is almost certain that the Mediterranean
Priclily Pear — Cactus Opuntia they used to call it —
can be readily grafted on the Deccan and South
Indian indigenous kind. In Sicily at certain seasons
the people live on the fruit of the Prickly Pear, which,
though it contains many seeds, is delicious.

Before returning to Etawah, on reaching Allahabad,
I took a run to Calcutta to see the Exhibition. I
went to the Royal Botanic Garden at Seebpore, and
was much delighted to see there an avenue of Boras-
sus flabelliformis, which is magnificent, and quite
unique ; another of Saraca and Mahogany, one of
Terminalia Catappa, and one of In Saman, alter-
nating with Uvaria longifolia. There are also avenues
of Oreodoxa regia, with its clean, pillar-like stem. I
thought that an avenue of Elaeocarpus longifolia would
be a glory. I saw here fine specimens of the Areca
madagascariensis, with its Bamboo-like stems and
feathery heads, and many other fine things too
numerous to mention. All this shows what can be
done in that climate with proper selection of trees.
You go all over Calcutta and will hardly see a tree
worth looking at, except perhaps at that little oasis
called the Eden Gardens.

There is one thing I saw during my travels which
I must not forget to mention in conclusion. At the
hotels of Bangalore, Conoor, and Ooty, the table-
servant, or *'boy,"as they call him in South India,
used to decorate the dining-table'cloth every day with
various coloured leaves and flowers disposed in pat-
terns. The leaves used were those of Coleus, Croton,
&c., and the flowers were Fuchsias, Cupheas, and
various others. Sometimes the table looked charming.
E. Bonavia, M.D.^ Etawah.

Variorum.

Cottage Gardens in Wiltshire. — What-
ever might be the causes operating to produce such
a result, it must be admitted that in some of the
villages on and near to the estates of the Marquis of
Lansdowne at Bowood the cottage gardens are
objects of considerable interest, for they are not only
well cropped and managed, but they are also very
gay. Flowers play an important part, and at the
exhibition of the Chippenham Horticultural Society
held a few days ago the cut flowers shown by cot-
tagers were very fine, and their extent, as well as
their high quality, would have astonished not a few of
our leading horticulturists. In making a journey
through some of the villages we saw fine standard
Roses bearing flowers of excellent quality, choice
double and single Dahlias, Stocks, and Asters of
marvellous development ; African and striped Mari-
golds, the latter of excellent quality ; Zinnias, Heli-
chrysums, very fine ; i Everlasting Peas, Phlox
Drummondi, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, and many
other showy things, all well cultivated. Nearly
all these are grown for exhibition purposes, and
there is a very extensive and keen competi-
tion among the cottagers. At the Chippenham
Horticultural Society's show there was a perfect
surprise in store for visitors in the cottagers' tent ; the
cut flowers generally were of much better quality than
those shown by gentlemen's gardeners and others.
Especially was this true in the class for six and three

September 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

411

varieties of double Stocks. Generally three spikes
formed a bunch, and they were of the very best quality
^arge, fully double flowers richly^coloured. The pro-
moters of the Horticultural Societies about the Bowood
district, and especially those of Calne and Chippen-
ham, do their utmost to encourage cottage gardening
not only in oftering prizes for the best cultivated and
best kept gardens, but also for the best produce from
them, and this in a much more comprehensive form
than is usually found to prevail. Bread-making is
also encouraged, and at the exhibitions of both the
above places loaves of cottage-made bread appeared
on the tables, whi'e cooked Potatos always form a good
feature at the West-country shows. The Wilts^hire
cottagers who come within the sphere of operation
of these exhibitions appear to be careful, industrious,
and thrifty sons and daughters of toil.

Wi)t Mcatljcr.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LO\'DON,
Fob the Week Ending Wednesday, SErjEMDER 34, 1884.

Hygrome

tncal De

Temperature op

duclions

Wind.

i

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Q

Ediiion

;

X

u 'e

<

0

|2^^o.

^ -%..

t "S^S

V d

s

1

.M

J

a;

S E g J

Q ° = ^

^5

Sept

In. In. .

e

1
• •

In.

t8

3018 +0348J.0

S9.0

23.0682

+11.S

59 1, 73 {

E.N.E.

0 00

»9

30,07 +0.4469,0

SS.8

13.361.0

+ 49

54 3 79

E.

0 CO

30

S9.&) +007725

53-7

18.8 61 .3

+ 5.5

54.6; 78

E.

0.00

31

a»56 -0 24 72I 0

S3.0

30.0161.5

+ 6.0

SS6| 83

S.W.

0.02

aa

aq7i — oc8 6s o

52.0

.3.056.8

+ ..5

49.7' 74

NNW

3 .02

33

3005 '+027

63.0

l?5

ISS|S4.2

— 10

ts.;, 73

N.W.

) 00

»4

3^.59 +3.22

61.8

.8.5

r3 3SS-3

-f as

469] 7«j

S.W :
S.S W.

0.03

Mean

29 9] +0 12

593

i2.6

1
16.7 S9.8

+ 41

52.1 76

\ari-
able.

0 07

Sept. 18. — Very fine day and night.

— 19. — Very fine Hay and night.

— 2o. — Very fine day and nit;ht.

— 21. — Dull morning ; fine afternoon and night,

— 22. — Dull and overcast at times ; fine night.
■Fine day and night.
Cloudy and duU mostly; bright intervals. Slight

rain during the evening.

— 23.-

— 2*.-

LONDON : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week
ending September 20, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 30. 14 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.02 inches by mid-
night on the I5lh, increased to 30.39 inches by 9 A.M.
on the iSth, decreased to 30.34 inches by 3 p.m., in-
creased to 30.37 inches by midnight on the same day,
and was 30 02 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.17 inches, being o.oi inch lower than last
week, and 0.15 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 83° on the 17th, the highest
on the 19th was 69°. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 75* 9-

The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 53'. 7 on the 20ih ; on the i6th the lowest tem-
perature was 61'. The mean of the seven low night
temperatures was 57^.3.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
23°.5, on the 17th ; the smallest was I3°.2, on the
14th and 19th. The mean of the seven daily ranges
was iS°.6.

The mean temperatures were — on the 14th, 62°. 3 ; on
the 15th, 65°.! ; on the l6th, 6S^ ; on the 17th, 70^ i ;
on the iSth, 6S'.2 ; on the 19th, 61°; on the 20th,
6l**.3 ; and these were all above their averages by
5'.i, 8°, ii*.i,, I3°.5, ii°.8, 4''.9, and 5°.5 respec-
tively.

The mean temperature was 65°. I, being 4°. 3 higher
than last week, and 8°.6 above the average of the
week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 141°, on the l6th and 18th. The mean of the
seven daily readings was 132°. 6.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 42°. 5, on the 20th.
The general mean was 46'. 5.

Rain.—o.o\ inch fell on the 15th.

England : Temperature, — During the week ending
September 20, the highest temperatures were '^'^^ at
Blackheatb, 80° at Truro, 79°. 2 at Liverpool ; the

highest at Bradford was 69^S, at Wolverhampton
72°. 2, at Bolton 72'. 3. The general mean was 75". 5.

The lowest temperatures were 46".! at Wolver-
hampton, 46, "3 at Nottingham, 49*' at Preston ; the
lowest was at Plymouth, 57".!, at Brighton 54". 3, at
Blackheath 53°.7. The general mean was 5'''-3-

The greatest ranges were 30". 6 iit Nottingham,
29°.3 at Blackheath, 28" at Truro and Bristol ; the
smallest ranges were 17*.2 at Plymouth, 17^.9 at
Bradford, 20" at Leeds. The general mean was
24°. 2.

The mean of the seven' high day temperatures was
highest at Blackheath, 75°.9, at Truro 74°.4, at
Bristol 73". 6 ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 62', at
Bradford 67". 3, at Sheffield 69°. The general mean
was 70°. 5.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 58^6, at Brighton 58°.2, at
Blackheath 57''.3 ; and was lowest at Hull, 52".!, at
Sunderland 52^6, at Wolverhampton 53". 4. The
general mean was 55°. 3.

The mean daily range was greatest at Blackheath,
lS°.6, at Nottingham I7^6, at Truro i7°.5 ; and was
least at Sunderland, 9^4, at Brighton 12°. 4, at
Plymouth 16°. 6. The general mean was 15°. 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
65°. I, at Truro 64^.2, at Plymouth and Bristol
^1° S \ ^nd w^s lowest at Hull, 54*'.4, at Sunderland
55°* 9> at Bradford 59°. 6. The general mean was

6l'.2,

Rain. — The largest falls were 0.79 inch at
Bolton, 0.64 inch at Truro, o 52 inch at Plymouth;
the smallest falls were 0.02 inch at Sunderland, and
0°.04 inch at Blackheath. No rain fell at Hull during
the week. The general mean fall was 0.29 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing September 20 the highest temperature was 72°. 5,
at Perth ; at Leith the highest was 65^ The general
mean was 69^4.

The lowest temperature in the week was 41°, at
Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 49". S.
The general mean was 47". S.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, S9'''7»
and the lowest at Edinburgh, 55°.3. The general
mean was 56''. 9.

Rain. — The largest fall was 0.25 inch, at Edin-
burgh, and the smallest fall was 0.05 inch, at
Dundee and Perth. The general mean fall was
0.12 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER. F.R.S.

Answers to Correspondents.

Asbestos Stove for Heating Purposes : J, W,
The stove may answer your purpose if means are
made to carry off the products of combustion.

Berne Convention : A. Z. See our issue for Feb, 23,
1884, p. 246. All the States of Central and Southern
Europe, and many of our own colonies.

Best Book on Gardening: Fungus. The Epitome
of Gardening (Black & Co.) ; inexpensive. Thom-
son's Gardeners' Assistant (Blackie) ; more detailed.

Broccoli and Cauliflowers : L. Broccoli differ
from Cauliflowers only in their greater hardiness.

Errata. — Mr. Andrew Jardtne was credited, in error,
in our account of the Dundee Horticultural Show, with
taking ist prize for twelve fancy Pansies, instead of
Mr. Andrew Irwine ; and on p. 374, line 41, middle
column, read "smut" for "yeast."

Fuchsias : James Lye. The blooms are those of
strong-growing healthy plants, but neither the colours
nor the shapes appear to us to differ from many others
in commerce.

Grapes Doing Badly : W. Without knowing much
more about your Vines — soil, border, house, ventila-
tion, and general management — we cannot say any-
thing.

Names of Fruit : Mr. Kennedy, Croft Lodge. 2,
Reinette de Caux ; 5, King of the Pippins ; 8, Easter
Beurr^ ; 22. Ribston Pippin ; 23, Claygaie Pearmain ;
50, Lord Suffield ; 51, Dumelow's Seedling ; 52. Golden
Noble ; 54, Beurre Orange ; 76, Alfrision ; 77, Small's
Admirable. — T. S. Apptes : 2, Claygate Pearmain;
3, Small's Admirable ; 4, Dumelow's Seedling ; 5,
Cellini; 6, Court of Wick. Fear: Beun6 Bosc. —
Robert Young. Apple: Waltham Abbey Seedling. —
Walton. Apple: Not recognised. — C. M' Donald, i,
Brunswick Codlin ; 2, some local cider Apple un-
known ; 3, Mere de Menage; 4, Pear: Colmar
d'Ei^ ; 5, Chaptal ; 6, Gansell's Bergamot ; 7, Passe
Colmar. — C. Tea. i, Summer Thorle ; 2, Sturmer
Pippin. — Cro/t Lodge. Apples : 2, Reinette de Caux ;
5, King of the Pippins ; 22, Ribston Pippin ; 23,
Claygate Pearmain ; 50, Lord Suffield ; 51. Dume-
low's Seedling ; 52, Golden Noble ; 54, Blenheim
Orange ; 76. Alfriston ; 77, Small's Admirable. —
Apple: Keswick Codlin. Pear: Hessiel. ~ Pruit
sent without address. The Apple Keswick Codlin,
and Pear Hessel.

Names of Plants : A. E. V. Euonyraus europseus.
— 14^. ^. yi/. Vallota purpurea. — A. P. Gedward.
Physalis Alkekengi, or Winter Cherry.—/. S., Slea-
ford. Solanum nigrum. — C. VV. Iris fetidissima.—
A. E. B. — Wretched scraps, withered beyond power

of identification. No. 2 is Selaginella denticulata ; 4
is the Southernwood (Artemisia Abrotanum ; the
others are not recognisable. — D, i. Taxodium dis-
tichum ; 2. a variegated and laciniatcd form of the
common Lime. — Ne-w Forest. i, Salix fuica, or
repcns ; 2, Genista anglica. — J. Scott 6^ Co. i, Se-
dum carneuin variegalum ; 2, nut recognised. —
W. S. i\f. Antigonon leptopus. N. Gorman.
Hydrangea quercifoha.

Pelargonium : P. E. C, C. The box contained some
blue paper, half a Potato, and some scraps which were
quite beyond recognition.

Perennial Shamrocks : B. A'. Dunlop. We pre-
sume you mean some variety ol Oxalis ; if so, these are
best potted up now, in sandy peat and leaf-mould, with
some good loam and dried cow-manure, placing them
about I inch apart and i inch deep. Large pots are
belter for them than small ones.

Potatos Sprouting in Cui'BOAKD : L. W. Willett.
It is of constant occurrence, with varying results.

Seedling Carnation : W. Jamieson. A very beau-
tiful thing, with uncommon markings for a Carnation.
By all means propagate it.

Stephanotis Fruit : A. B. If your plant is a young
one, which we doubt, cut off the fruit ; if old, it does
not matter. The fruit is very poisonous.

Vine Twigs and Grapes : Correspondent, The
twigs, such as sent, may be removed from a fruiting
Vine at almost any period of growth with advantage,
as such are incapable of making healthy, strong, fruii-
bcaring wood. In the case oi very weak Vines these
weak growths may be retained, and then only if they
can be brought within the influence of direct sunlight,
without overcrowding, as this last condition would
defeat the aim in view. They are infected with red-
spider, and seem also to have had thrips, and are very
thin and unhealthy from these and by reason of unin-
telligent management. The sort is the Royal Musca-
dine.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and nut
to the Editor,

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Barr & Son, Covent Garden, London — D.iffodils, and

Species of Narcissus.
Samuel May, Leeds — Seeds. Bulbs.
Bruant. Poiiiers, Vienne, France — Foliage Plants.
G. Phippen. Reading — Dutch Bulbs.
Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, London — Bulbs.
W. Fisher, Burton-on-Trent — Bulbs, Fruits, Roses, &c.
AuGUSTE Van Geert. Ghent— General.
Fromow & Sons, Chiswick, W. — Bulbs.

Communications Received. — J. Cheal & Sons. — W. G. S.—
T. Sabbald. — A. Outram.— P. & M.— J. U. — J. Poe.—
N. E. B.-F. Gunning.~W. D.-J. F.— J. F. Willis.-
r. P. B.— Thos. Woodford.— D. & W. CroU.

arluts.

COVENT GARDEN, September 25.
A GOOD supply oi Cobs, meeting with a ready sale-
Market quiet. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit. — Average Wholesale Pricks.
s.d. i.d.

s. d. s. d

Melons, each .. 10-16

Pine-apples, £Dg.,lb. 40-50
Peaches, per doz. .. 30-30
Pears, FrcDch, doz. 1 o- a o

Apples, J^ -sieve .. 16-40

Figs, per dozen .. 06-09

Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-6 > o
(jrapes. per lb. .. 06-26

Lemons, per case . . 310-..

VeGKTABLKS. — AVHRAGE ReTAIL PrICBS.

s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. .. ..20-40

Aubergioes, each .. 04- ..

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz. .. i o- ..

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..

Canii (lowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 10-26

Celery, per bundle., i 6- a 6

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, English, per
dozen .. .. z o- ..

Garlic, per lb. ... 06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. o a- o 4

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 50*. 10705. ; Regents, 70J. to 8oi.
per ton. Trade very quiet.

s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen ..

— Cos, each , ,
Marrows, each
Mint, green, bunch,.
M ubhrooms, p. baskt.
Unions, per bunch ..

— Sprmg. per bun.
Parsley, per bunch..
Peas, English, quart 2 t-
Radishes, per doz. ..16-
Small saiading. per

punnet . . ..04-

Spinach, per bushel 2 6-
Tomatos, per lb. .. o 6-
TuiDips, new, bun. .. o 5-

..16-..
02-..

0 2- ..
04-..

1 o- 3 o

06-..
06-..

o 4- ..

Cut Flowers. — .

X.

Abuttlon. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Asters, 12 bunches , . 3
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanth., la bun. ^

— large, 12 blooms 3
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Euchans, per doz. . . 4
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches . . . . 2
Gardenias, la blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes . . ..I

Heliotropes, 12 sp, ., o
Lapageria, white, la

blooms .. ..a

■Averagb Wholesale- Prices.

d. s. d. I s. d. s. d.

0-40 Lapageria, red, 12

0-60 bioums . , ..10-20

o~ 6 o Lavender. 12 bun. .. 60-80

9- I o I Marguerites, la bun. 30-60

o- 2 o I Mignonette, 13 bun. 10-40

0-90 Pelargoniums, per 12

0-60' sprays .. ..06-10

4 o Primula, double, bun. 10-16

0-60 Pyrethrum, la bun. a o- 6 o

6 o Roses (indoor), doz. 10-40

— (outdoor), la bun. 4 0-12 o

60 — coloured, doz. . . 40-90

0-60 Stephanotis, la spr. 4 o- S o

Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 16-40

Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. a o- 4 o

Tuberoses, per doz.. 06-10

White Jasmine, bun. 06-10

0-30

412

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 18

Plants in Pots.— Avkragb Wholesale Pricbs.

4 0-12 o

9 o-i8 o
40-90
26-40

1, d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vitx (golden),
per dozen .. .,6 0-18 o

— (common), dozeo 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .,
Bouvardii, dozen .,
Chrysanth., dozen ..
Cockscombs, d^z. ..
Coleus, Vdiious, doz.
Cyperus, per dozen 4 o-ia o
Dracxna term. doi...io 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, per

dozen .. ..9 o-iS o

Euonymus. various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70

s. d. I. d.

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..3 o-io a
Fuchsias , per doz. . . 30-60
Hctiotrope, doz. .. 30-60
Hydrangea, per doz. g 0-18 o
LUium lon^ itlorum,

per dozen .. 6 o*j8 o

— laixifolium, doz. 6 o-i8 o

— uuratum, doz. 12 0-24 o
Marguerite Daisy,

per dozen .. .. 8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz 30-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,

each , , ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums (show),

per dozen .. ., 4 o~ 9 o

— scarlet, per doz ,. 20-60
Petunias, per dozen 30-60
Khodanthes, p. dozen 0-60
Solanums, dozen .. o- 15 0

SEEDS,

London : Sepf. 24. — A quiet feeling characterised to-
day 's seed market. For Trifolium the consumptive
demand, as might be expected, has now fallen off. Some
improvement in the sale for winter Taies is shortly
anticipated ; Vetches, it is noted, are always required
at intervals for successional sowings. Rye is rather
lower. Tliere is no change in Mustard ; Rape seed keeps
steady. The new Haricots come good, and cheap blue
Peas find buyers at last week's quotations. —
yoAn ShuTv (Sr* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday trade was as dull as ever.
Sales of English Wheat were impracticable e.\cept at
6d. to IS. less than on Monday week. For foreign at
the larger decline noted above very little progress could
be made in effecting sales. Prices for flour were weak,
and quite 6d. down since this day se'nnight. Malting
Barley met rather more attention, but medium grades
of that and all kinds of grinding barley were 6d. lower.
Beans and Peas moved off in retail quantities at un-
altered lales. Maize was extremely dull of sale, 24J.
being the nearest value of round corn. There was no
further change in the value of Oats, and on the week
prices are the turn against the buyer. — On Wednesday
ihe supply of English Wheat was light, but chiefly
remained on hand, and foreign was, if anything, even
more difficult of sale. Flour was flat. In Barley no
further alteration occurred. Maize was very dull, and
nothing transpired to affect quotations, Oats were
steadier, but with only moderate transactions. Beans
and Peas were quiet and unchanged. — Average prices
of corn for the week ending Sept. 20 : — Wheat, ^y. lod. ;
Barley, 32J. 3^.; oats, igt. 8d. For the corresponding
period last year ; — Wheat. 41^. gd. ; Barley, 331. gd. ;
Oats, 20s. 6d.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday cattle of middling
and plain qualities very largely predominated, and for
these the demand was slow, whilst the small number of
prime cattle sold more readily and fully as dear. Sheep
were rather short, and the trade more cheerful, prices of
desirable weights advancing 2d. per 8 lb. The calf
supplies were nearly all rough Danish and Irish, which
sold at low rales ; a few good Swedish brought belter
value than recently. No pigs were on ofTtr. Quota-
tions : — Beasls, 45. to 5r. 4.1'., and 5^. 6d. to ss. lod. ;
calves, 3J. 8d. to 4s. ; sheep, 5.^. to 5^. 4d.. and 5^. lod.
to 6s. 6d. — On Thursday trade presented a firm appear-
ance. Beasts showed quietly, and prices were steady.
Sheep, which were in short supply, were firm, and a
shade dearer. Calves and pigs changed hands at fair
prices.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
trade was very dull, and prices of Clover and hay lower.
Supplies were fair. Quotations ; — Prime old Clover, gc,s.
to 114;. ; inferior. 6oj'. to 75J. ; prime second cut, gos.
to ii6j. ; best meadow hay, Sos. to 96J. ; mferior, 40s.
to 65J. ; and straw, zSs. to 37J. per load. — The Cumber-
land market report slates that there was no improvement
in business. Quotations : — Clover, good. iioj. ; infe-
rior. 6sj. to gos. ; hay, good meadow, 80s. to goj. ;
inferior, 6oj. to 70J. ; and straw, 30^. lo 35J. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that trade was somewhat irregular. The supplies on
hand from recent arrivals ruled low. and met a difficult
sale, but fresh arrivals, which were much shorter, found a
better market. Quotations : — Kent Regents, 60s. to
Sos. ; ditto Kidneys, 60s. to 7oj-. ; Essex Shaws, 50J. to
60J. ; and Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 701. per ion. — The
imports into London last week were 606 bags from
Antwerp, 6588 Hamburg, 100 Harlingen, 295 Stettin,
2 sacks Ostend, and 95 bags 485 packages from
Rotterdam.

Oovernment Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at ioi| to loi^ for bolh delivery and the account. Tues-
day's prices were loi-j^j, to ioi^h *^or delivery, and as on
the previous day for the account. The closing quota-
tions on Wednesday were loi to loii for delivery, and
jorJj to loif^ for the account. The final record on
Thursday was 108^ to loi^ for delivery, and ioi^\ to
loi/a for the account.

FOU
GLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convenitnt, Inexpensive, Easily applied. Lasts all the
Biunmer, and can then be easily washed off. Is., post 1/3.

For Fixinf? Bloom in Azaleas, U I | ^%L| TO J
iSrc, and for Cut Flowers. nU^UllIb^^

FLORAL CEMENT.

A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Pries
inbtanLly. bold in bottles. Is. & 2s. Per post, 3d. extra,

HUGHES^TYPTIC

Fur I'mn-i. ntin? Vines Blefiling' after Priming.

Very ellectual iu preventing: the tiuw of sap in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/G and 2/G. Per post, 3d, extra.

For Destroying Beetles. Cockroachea, LlliniJFC

CricKoLs, Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. 11 U Ijn t O

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Greenhouses,— for Animals and lied
Clothing. PnceGd., Is. & 2s.6d, Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of addres^^, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, TSills'ii^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Cardeners since 1859 against Ked Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and oih*:r Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of Fiofl water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchaid-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has ouiliveH many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 31 , and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ETound. Boxes, td. and xs. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Lin^^iied), London.

VIRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,
Rockeries, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatories, supplied tn Nurserymen and Seedsmt-n by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, Carbon Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Worna, Blackfriara Koad, London, S.E.,

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queer,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Oidinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS.

With WATERWAY BACKS .-ind WELDED BOILERS,
which are Specially adapted for Healing Gieenhouses, Conser-
vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halis. Warehouses. Workshops, &c.
They are tlie neatest, cheapest, most fffcctive, and durab'e

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal.

Avj-irdedtoitat the Royal Hnrtkultural Society's Exhibition,
South A'emin^ion, London, on June 3 i88t.

QHCITUDIUAL GECtlllN CROIS SECTION

1 \\t Journal of Hortictdtnre of June 9 says :—
" Heating Ai'^'aratus — A great number of boilers, valves,
&c., were exhibiied byeiyht competitors, and considerable in-
terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the meiits and shortcomings
of the diflerent boHer';. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was aw.irdcd was a wroughl-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the fnrm of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee fotm, in ihe crown of the boiler. Mnst
gardeners who ex'imincd the b'^iler expressed a f:ivourahlc
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with-
out being complex, the latter condition havmg, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Gardtn of June it says : —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was t-iken by Messrs-
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
moditicition of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so httih. It is found to be a powcrlul and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water qaickly with a sm:ill consumption
of furl."

Deiicriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for ail kinds of Heating ApparatU'^, and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shorte-it notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns^ from ^d, to i^. dd. per gallon.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and H educed in Price.

Also Makers of all other kiuds of Boilers for Heating,
rii"*

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTING

of every description for Heating Apparatus,
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

THE
-L B

HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED & GUARANTEED
ILLUSTRATED SHEETS on application.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hiil Foundry,
Newcastle, Staffjrdshire.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenge?,

to be the most frononticalof fuel, i)u tnost fcwerful, ilu simplest.,

and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., ATRDRIE, N.B.

LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

BOILER.— A Cast-iron, S.ilid, Waterway End Poiler.
Distinguished foritsDurability.ERiciency, and Economy of Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
aie acquainted.

Long.

A, 19 in,

B, 22 in.

C, 24 in,

D, 116 in.

E, 28 in.

F, 33 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 m.
1, 48 in.

- ~ ^ ..IJ.- ). 54 in.

K. 60 in.

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience :—*' \x. is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite,"

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilais.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to ico feet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of coDSeivatory by any bricklayer : the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. U can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, ^4 15 ; loofeet size. £,% 15*.

If (htque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Hanker required.

LANKESTER & SONS,
Horticulttiral Heating Engineers. Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all paits of ihe Kincdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating flwelllne Hnnses and Churches *;eiit nn applic^itinn.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

p

ice of Boiler

Heat of

and*setof

4-in. Pipe

Fittings.

150 feet

Zs 10 0

300 „

6 15 0

400 „

8 5 0

500 ..

9 10 0

600 „

10 IS 0

700 „

12 5 0

850 .,

13 15 0

ICOO ,,

IS 10 0

1250 .,

17 5 0

i6co ,,

19 10 0

2000 ,,

22 10 0

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J, yi. each ;
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feel long, 41. td. each.

PURE WOOD CHAKCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GRNHRAL HORTICI'LTURAL PURPOSES,

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST. Manufacturers. Leedi,

Vork shire.

RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT

MERCHANTS and I M PORTt KS. — All the usual
kinds at rediicfd lates. Sacks and Seed Bigs, new and second-
hand, of every description. RafTia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twine*. Price LIST on application to J, BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

September 27, 1884.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

413

DEANE & CO.'S
"GEM" CONSERVATORY,

Now on view near the Panorama in the Grounds of the

CRYSTAL PALACE.

The Loughbirough Apparatus can be seen in action on
Tuesdays, Thursdays, and baturdays.

10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, lo ft. 6 in. high.
Price complete, with 'antern roof. Jtaging. c iloured glass in
lantern and door. ventlKuinE liehts in side and laniein, gutter
ani down pipe, and Loughboiough Hot-w.-iter Apparatus, with
IS feet of 4-inch pipe.

£25 nett.

Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or
dc"tvered carriage free to any Statitn in Englatd, with every
ja I marked for fixing.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

" A marvel of ecoro-ny."— f7^n/.-«frj' Magazine.

" A ch«ap and handsome consci vatory. '—Bazaar.

r>ESIGNS .-ind ESTIMATES for CONSERVATORIES.
OKEEENHOUSESand HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGb
of EVERY UESCRlPTiON FREE.

THE

LOUGHBOROUGH HOT-WATER
APPARATUS.

Complete as shown, with
12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water
Pipe, ^4 41.
Delivered free to any Sta-
tion. Discount for Cash.

The simplest, cheapest,
and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick
ksetiing, m stokehole, and
no hot-water fitter for fixine.
and bums more than twelve
hours without attention.

LouRhboronyh B .ilers to heat up to 65:1 feet of 4 inch pipe, with

hot-water pipes, joints, &c., always in stock

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF AiW

SIZE ON APPLICATION.

CAT.\LOGUES WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

*'sSef.rcr""f LONDON BRIDGE.

DAV I D LOWE

HORTICULTURAL

& SONS,

BUILDERS

AND

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS.
GILMORE PARK. EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK,

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock .

RICHARDSONS

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

iBt Prize ^<^-<-

Medals,
South Kensington,
Manchester, See.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hot-water

Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE
f^ ^^^^^ free.

9o

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENCINEEKS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

ana LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
with Prices, Post-fret.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames,

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates given for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price Lilt on application to

WRIG-HT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description nf HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES* NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121. Eunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illubtraied Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and btages,
sent post-free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatoiies, Growing Hou^-.c';,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.

London Oftice : Mansion House I'.uildings, E.C.

TCLASSHOUSESScttETmNG?

B.W.WA-R«U;RST

-"//^

vHIGHCATE ROAD ,LONDON.NWg>J

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES

OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by His Koyal llinhness ihe Prince o( Wales.

BankMan McJ.il of Royal Horlicultural Society.

Old Roops Re-glazp-d, Old Woodwork Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber^, Westminster. S.W.

Cucumber Frames.

r) H A L L I D A Y and C 0. desire to
!'• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large slock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best matetials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in Ei.gUnd :— A s. a.

2 light frame, 8 feet by 6 leet ) p,^\,:.„ ( 3 '° °

3 light frame, 12 feet by 6 feet ^(,;" (f 5 5 o
ilight frame, 24 feet by 6 leet 1 ^'"•'"' (.000

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pus at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY ANoCO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works. Middleton. Manchester.

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,

Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.

IHuslrdted CATALOGUE Free en applicatum.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;

And 1. Crooked Lane. King William Street. London. E.C.

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THU PRINCE OF WALES,

15 003 OF THE NolilLITV, GeNTRV, AND ClERGV.
Is extensively used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOitK, C0JM8ERVAT0EIES,
Greenhouses, Frames

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUE

I Cwt., and Oil Mixticre, Free to all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C A R S O N 8,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.C;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUF, BELFAST.

Disrount for Cash.

20 X 15
20:^ 16

24x16 ^/>CTv.>>^

20x18 ^ /nLjp\

22 X l" ~

24x1

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in loo and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
aoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE <fc SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West SmithSeld, London, EC.

Stock List and Prices on application Quote Chronicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES. (Stc.

Can be ottained in all sizes and qualities of

BBXHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of *3 in. by
nin., 2oin, by i4in., 20 in. by 16 in., 2oin. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in aoo-ft. and 300- ft, cases.

414

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines

..lo

1

0

15 Lines

5 „

.. 0

1

6

16 „

6 „

.. 0

0

17 „

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18 „

8 ,.

.. 0

S

0

19 „

9 „

.. 0

b

20 ..

10 „

.. 0

6

0

21 „

11 „

.. 0

6

6

22 „

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23 „

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24 „

14 „

.. 0

8

0

26 ,.

.. o la

.. o 12

.. o 13

. o 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page £900

Half Page 500

Column . , . . . . •-35°

GAKDHNERS. and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words iJ. 6</. , and (>d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autlwrities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5^. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable in advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £i 31, lod. ; 6 Months,

lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

£\ ts. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8j. arf.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C.. to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
(or Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
(Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
ail outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial,

" Piercefield Park, June 21, 1876.— Sirs,— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I oindidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."

CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL and SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and ig6, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

1 yards wide. \%d., and 4 yards wide, yi. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from -i^d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Clotli,
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

SILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-
fordshire : Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM of the best
quality by truckload, ton. and in sacks, at moderate prices.— W.
SHORT. Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex. — Estab 1862.

ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.

Under the Patronage of tbe Queen.
SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with raised
black-faced letters.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Faaory, Stratford-on-Avon.

BLAKE'S PATENT ** SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Eeglstered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S
WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane. Liverpool.

Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ^^
suited lor KITCHEN'-
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no

further labour or expense, ~

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,m Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers. Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E-

Agenls for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FOXLEYS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTH IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samoles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street. E.G. : Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
T„ir(;e bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

With 143 Illuslrations. Fcap. 8vo. 41. td,

DISEASES of FIELD and GARDEN
CROPS. Chiefly such as are causid by Fungi. By
WorthingtonG. Smith, F. L.S., M.A. I..&c. With 143 New
Illustrations, Drawn and Engraved from Nature by the Author.
MACMILLAN anb CO., London.

The Best Book on Grapes.— Demy Svo, Highly Illustrated
and Handsomely Bound in Cloih. roj. 6./.. post-free.

VINES and VINE CULTURE. By
Archibald F. Barron. Superintendent of the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens. Opinions of the Horti-
cultural Press ".—The Journal of Horticulture says :— " It is
the most complete, and it will be accepted as the standard work
on the Vme." The Gardeners' Chronicle %^y^: — '* It is emi-
nently practical and useful," The Garden i^z.\s:—" \\. is un-
doubiedly the most exhaustive volume upon Vine- .Tn'i Vine
culture ever published." The Gardeners' Magazine ss-^s :— " It
will certainly take, and probably keep a leading place in the
class of literature to which it belongs." 1\ii Florist arui Pomio~
logist says : — " There is nowhere to be found in our language so
complete and thorough a descriptive list of the best varieties of
Grapes." The Midland Coitniies Herald says : — '' The whole
subject is dealt with exhaustively and authoritatively in plain,
expressive, and singularly concise language. " The Irish
Fanners' Gazette calls it :— " The most complete work nf its kind
that has ever been issued from the British Press." — Journal oj
Iloriicnlture Office. 171, Fleet Street, London, E.C. ; also to be
had of A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick.

THE AMERICAN GARD EN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXASIER.

To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,

It Is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latent and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is Reliable,

because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctnes i of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable.

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the wcrk of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, 5J. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on New-York or London.

B. E. BLISS & SONS. Publishers,

34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burvh-
NiCH, F. Paynakrt, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mental Ghent. Post-paid, lor. per annum.

H. I. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent. Belgium.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— V\x\\ particulars on application to A. B , Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 4t, Wellington >treet. Strand, London, W.C.

ANTED, a GARDENER, at Hampton,

with good knowledge of Bulbous and Hardy Herba*
ceous Plants. State wages and experience. — COLLINS
BROS., Seedsmen, 38. Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

WANTED, a GARDENER and his WIFE,
to take charge ol a House and Grounds with several
Glasshouses and keep them in good order until sold. He would
have a Gardener under him. Good wages and bonus of £% on
sale of the property.— Apply by letter, stating references and
full particulars as to qualifications, &c.. to Mr. ROWSELL,
39, King Street, Cheapside, E.C.

WANTED, a married man, as WORKING
GARDENER.— Must thoroughly understand Green-
house, Cucumbers, Grapes, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Unexceptionable references required. Wwges, 27J. per week.
Abstainer preferred. — Mr A. BOWMAN, The Limes, 68, Tutse
Hill. Brixton, London. S.W.

ANTED^^'aTSECOND GARDENER, in

Norfolk, where three are kept ; single man preferred.
Must thoroughly understand Training and Pruning of Fruit
Trees, Grapes, Strawberries, Mushrooms, Kitchen and Flower
Gardening, and Greenhouse, — State wages and references to
H. BENTLEY, Westacre, Swaffliam.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a young MAN,
used to Pelargonium Growing and other Stuff for
Market. — Apply, forwarding copies of testimonials, to Mr.
CHARLES B. MANSFIELD, Llys-onen Gardens, near St.
Clears, Carmarthenshire,

WANTED, a trustworthy single MAN, who
understands Forcing Flowers and Strawberries for
Market.— GEO. UZZELL, New Hampton. Middlesex.

WANTED, for a Provincial Nursery, an
experienced MAN. to take charge of the Herbaceous,
Bulbous, and Hardy Kloiiit Dep.irtment, Hemuslh.ivca good
knowledge of these Plants, willi their Prop.iRation and Cultiva-
tion lor Sale, and be used to Execute Orders with c.\.»ctness
and despatch. — Apply, with all particulars a'^ to age experi-
ence, salary expected, references, &c , to NURSERYMAN,
Messrs. Nutting & Sons, fo, Barbican, London, EC

ANTED, in the Midlands, a MAN

thoroughly competent to Manage a General Nursery,
Florist and Seed Business in all its branches. Salary to com-
mence at 40J. per week. Applications will be considered con-
fidential, and to avoid trouble it is requested that none but
competent men will apply. — V. H, Gardeners' Chronicle OfRc9,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

September 27, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

41S

WANTED, a young MAN, for Conserva-
tory and Houses. — Must be eiierv;etic and oblifiin^, and
well up in his work Age about 24. Wages 191. No botliy.
—J. BROWN, Great Doods, Rci^ate.

Wanted.

HCANNELL AND SONS are now
• WANTING aCLEKK for (iernian and French In-
voicing and Correspondence. Apphcations must befifslntnle
in own handwriting. Also a GROWER ot Hatd-woodtd
Plants. One who has hid practical experience in the Ghent
nurseries preferred. — 1 he Home of Flowers, Swanley, Kent-
Seed Trade
WANTED, an efficient, active, and steady
young MAN, with a thorough knowledge of Agri-
cultural Seeds, fur Warehouse Depannient. — Apply, staling
age. salary expected, all particulars ol e-xperience, rtrfcreiices,
&c -JAMES DICKSON and SONS, 108, Easigate Sliett,
Chester.

WANT PLACES.

*jt* Gardcturs and others seeking silualicns
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
•with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible ynan,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to theniy •with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAlLlFfS, or GARDENERS.
TAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all

f-' times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter, —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.

aCOTCH GARDENERS.

^■J — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at piesent on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £30 to ^loo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener,

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardener:> seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's iN'urseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
Bailiff, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

GARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept. — Age 40, three in family : six years' chaiacter.
— GARDENER, Cazenove House. Clapham Common, S. W.

GJ.ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, no family ;
^ thoroughly experienced. Wife can attend to L"dge
Gate or asaist in House if requited. — F. MOORE, 39, Fleet
Street, Rosehilt, Derby.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three
are kept. — Good experience in all branches. Five
and a half years' good character ; other rel'erences may be had
if required. Total abstainer. — J , Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
4:, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head); age 44, married, no
family. — .1^5 will be given to any one procuring a good
situation lor a Head Gardener, who thoroughly understands
every branch of his profession. Good testimonials.— J. G-,
Noith Street. Melbourne, Derby.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married,

one child ; understands the Culture of Grapes, Peaches,
Melons. S;c.,also Flower and Kitchen Gaidening. Has generally
held excellent situations and has first-class testimonials. —
D. SAWYER, 48. Argyle Road, Garston. near Liverpool.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;

thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession.
The last seven years Gardener to Lord Coleridge, from whom
he can be highly recommended. — J. W. SEDGLEY, Heaths
Court Gardens, Ottery St. Mary, Devon.

GARDENER (HEAD), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly com-
petent man in all branches of Gardening. — Age 30, married ;
six years' character.— A. STEVENS, The Gardens, Holywell
Park, near Wrotham. Kent.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— The Head

Gardener, Avington Paik, Wmchester, can with con-
fidence recommend his Foieman, who has been with him eight
years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough prac-
tical, energetic, and trustworthy Gardener. — Address as above.

GARDENER (He.\d).— Age 29; thoiougii
practical man in every branch of Gardening. Hulds
several First-class and other Prizi Cards as an Exhibitor of
Fruits, &c. Highest testimonials from present and former
employers. — GAKDENER. Messrs. Gibson & Reid, Seedsmen,
14, Lower Ormond Qaay, Dub in.

r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,

V^ married ; thoroughly e.vperJenced in all branches of
Gardening. Six years* good character. — W. T., 19, Nightingale
Road, Bromley, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,

single; fourteen years' good references. Experienced
in Pines, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and all branches
of Gardening. Three years in last situation as Head Gardener.
—J. FIELD. School Cottage, Ottershaw, Chertsey,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,
laairied, nochildieii ; experienced workinL*u, Weil recom-
mended from pre.sent and former situations. — A. JARMAIN,
Mr. Wilson, Victoria Nursery, Romford, Essex.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27 ;

married, no family ; nine and a half years' experience in
good establishments. Well recommended from present and
previous places — H. JACQUES, 47, Upper Paik Road,
Hampue.-id. N.W.

r:j.ARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Middle-

V^ aged, married, no family ; twenty-five years' practical
experience in all branches — could Manage a Farm if required.

Wile good Dairy-woman. Gjod retcrences, — E. H., Dun-

more, Sl.iiioner, Kichmond Road. Kineston-oii-Thames,

ARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 38,

married, three children ; eleven and a half yeais in last
situation Good reference as to capabilities and general cha-
racter. Thoroughly understands his business. Eastern Counties
preferred.- H. ^., Bell & Sons, Nurserymen, Norwich.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 46,

one son (age twelve); well versed in Early and Late
F'orcing and General Management of Flower and Kitchen
Gardens. First-class reletences. — H. F. SURMAN, Brix-
wurih, Northampton.

ARDENER (Head Working), in a Gentle-

man's lamily, where two or three are kept. — Understands
his duties. Wife would not object to the charge of Laundry
or Poultry.- H. G., Gardener to £. J. Halsey, Esq., Pirbrighi,
Woking Station, Surrey.

GARDENER (HEAD Working) ; age z:^.--
H. W. Wakd, Gr. to the Earl of Radnor. Longford
Castle, Salisbury, will have great pleasure in recommending a
thoroughly practical and energetic man as above, to any lady nr
gentleman requini g an all-iound good gardener, and a highly
• expectable man. Sixteen years' cxperieoct, eight years as head.

GARDENER (Head Working), whe7e
three or four ate kept. — Married, no family ; si,x years in
present situation. Over twenty yeara' experience. Excellent
chiirjcter from present and previous employers. Wile would take
Charge of residence during absence of family. — H. LITTLE,
Rusland Hali, Ulverston.

GARDENER.— Age 32, married, no family ;
successful in most branches of Gardening. Wife could
be useful.— H. G.. Crazies Hill, Henley-on-Thames.

A R D E N £ R. — No family ; thorough

practical ; long experience in Growing Fruits and Flowers
under glass and outdoors. Early and Late Forcing, — R.
WALKLING. Mr. Jarvis, High Street, Robertsbndge, Sussex.

ARDENER, ~or GARDENER and BaT-

LIFF ; age 35, two children (ri and 5). — A Gentleman
wishes to recommend a man as above. Wiie could undertake
Dairy or Poultry.— J. W. R., 18, MuUer Road, Kishopston.
Bristol.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given — Age 30, married, one child ; seven years*
character.— A. G., 24, Dante Road, Newington Butts, S.E.

C ^ARDENER (Single-handed), or where
^ help is given.— Age 23; abstainer. Good experience
and references.- E. F., 79. aouthville, Wandsworth Road,
London, S.W.

GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, Or Second
where two or more ate kept). — Age 21 ; good character.
— W. E., Tokers Green, near Caversham, Reading, Berks.

/^ARDENER (Second, or good Single-

V..^ handedi— A^e 32, single; thorough knowledge of
Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Leaving on own account. Two years' first-cUss reference, four
in previous situation. Please state wages. — H. WILLIAMS,
3, Barlram Terrace, Fleet Road, Upper Park Road,
Hampstead, N.W.

(1 ARDENER (SECOND), or, if required,

V_^ would make himself generally useful. — Age 29, single ;
steady and respectable. First-class references. — J. E.SAMP-
SON. Clarence Villas, Ma lock, Bath, Derby.

/:j,ARDENER (SECOND or Third), in a

^-^ Gentleman's establishment. — No objection to a Pony
and Trap. Good character.— A. B., The Green Tree, Shepherd's
Green, near Henley.

GARDENER (Under), to work indoors and
out preferred. — Age 21 ; thirteen months* good character.
— W. H., The Gardens, Casino House, Heme Hill, S.E.

To Gardeners.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; been six
years in present situation. Good ch»racter. — F.
NEVILLE, near Gasworks, Bishop's Stortford, Herts.

ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER in

a Nobleman's or Gentleman's esiablishment. — Age 22 ;
good reference. — W. S., Lansdowne Nursery, Rom>ey, Hants.

ARDENER (Assistant), in a Gentleman's

establishment.— Age ■zi, single ; six years' excellent
character. Assistant's place held two years. Seaside preferred.
—HICKS, Jun., Rose Cottage, Friitenden, Staplehursi, Kent.

FOREMAN, in the houses in a good establish-
ment.— Age 27; first-class testimonials, boihy preferred. —
W. WHEELER, Bigg'sNursery. George Lane, Lewisham, b.E.

FOREMAN.— Age 27, married, no children.
Ten years' good experience amongst Stove and Green-
house Plants. Orchids, Vines, Peaches, and Herbaceous PUnts.
Leiving through death of employer. Total abstainer. — G.
EDWARDS. Finches, Lindfield, Sussex ^^^__^_^

FOREMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 25 ; understands Cucumbers, Melons, Vines, Pines,
Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— Mr. G. H. GREEN,
Gardener, Enville Hall, Stourbridge, Staffordshire, can with
confidence recommend a man as above,

ENERAL NURSERY FOREMAN or

ROSE-GROWER.— Age 30, married ; sixteen years"
experience in the first houses in the trade. Eight years in last
pbce.— C, J.DUCK, 62, Devonshire Place, Handbridge, Chester.

IJROPAGATOR, of Stove and Greenhouse

L Plants, .ilso PLANT GROWER if lequiied. — Has had
ten years' pr.icucal experience in five nuiscrie:^, conunencing
with five years' practice at first place. Full paiticiilars for-
warded on application. — Mr. J. FARNSWORTH, Mr. May.
Dyson's Lane Nursery, Edmonton, London.

PROPAGATOR and SALESMAN.— Used
to Covent Garden and General Maiket-work, in a place of
trust. Good references.— G. G. . 2, Shirley Villas, Sidcup, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in

f-' a good estal)!ishment. — Age 33; can be well recom-
mended ; two and a half years in present situation — E. KIRBV,
The Gardens, Orion Hall, Peteiboroueh.

JOURNEYMAN, Indoors preferred.— Age
21 : four and a half years in former and ihree in present
place. — W. H. SMALLMAN, 7, Leam Street, Leamington.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a good

^* establishment. — Age 23; good character from last and
three and half years Irom previous places. — J. LEE, Nun
Monkton, near Yjrk.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
where Early and Late Forcing is cirried out with spini ; age
23. — Mr, D. Melville, St. Vincent, Grantham, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19;

tJ three and a quarter years' good character. Bothy
preferred.— C. D., i, Money Cottages, Silver Street,
Hampstead. N.W.

JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER. —Age

f-' 19 ; five years' experience Indoors and Outside. Well
recommended trom present and previous places. — W. SILLS,
The Gardens, Shoreham Place, Sevenoaks, Kent.

IMPROVER, in the Garden.— Age 17 ; good
character. Willing to make himself useful. — W. B.,
7. BraiUlord Koad, Tulse Hill, Drixtoii. S.W.

TO GARDENERS.— A young man (age 20),
strong. Inside and Out. Could help with Fires. Good
recommendation. — E, LIDDIARD. Wethersfieid, Brainiree.

To GARDENERS. — A youth (age 15),
desirous of Learning Gardening, would be glad to hear
of a situation in a Gentleman's garden. — W., Smalley, Slough-
ton, Leicester.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Head), or SALESMAN.—
Age 27 ; capable of taking Sole Management. Twelve
years' experience in Seeds (wholesale and retail), Plants. Roots,
and Flowers. — J. H., iq, Birley Street, Lavender Hill, S.W.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abilities. —
T. H.. fo, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 22; si-x
>ears' experience. Good reference. — H. S., 12, Marl-
borough Street, Brighton.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 30 ;
several vears' experience. Thorough knowledge of Varm
and Garden Seeds. Bulbs, &c. Knows Plants. — A. M..11,
Black Street, cff Parliamentary Road, Glasgow.

HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Young ;

eight years' experience in Counter and Store Work, and
some knowledge of Plants. First-class references from late
employers.— ALPHA, Mr. Sandilands, 2, Liggieville Place,
Rutherglen, near Glasgow.

Sppfl T^firlp

SHOPMAN, ASSISTANT, or CLERK.—
Nine and a half years' experience; also knowledge of
Florist's Business. Excellent references. — J. ROBERTS,
I, Canada Street, Bellast.

RAVELLER, for Seeds and Plants, or as

GARDEN ARCHITECT. —Wanted, by a German
{age 26), a situation as above. He received an academical
education, and was engaged for a considerable time in England,
Germany, Holland. Belgium, and France. He travelled fir
French houses in Austria. Hungary. Russia. &c., and was also
in Italy and Spain. He is a perfect Designer ; understand^ the
theory and practice of Garden Architecture, also Greenhouses,
Plant and Tree Nurseries, together with the Seed Business. —
Address. Poste restante, A. B., 30, DUsseldorf. Germmy.

RAVELLER, CLERK, or SHOPMAN in

a Provincial Seed Establishment. — Well experienced in
all departments. — I. LOWLESS. Wordsley. Stourbridge.

LERK, BOOK-KEEPER, or CASHIER,

in a Seed and Nursery Establishment ; good experience
and reference. Eight years' iu last situation. — J. P., 1, Greeu-
side Streat, Edinburgh.

CARPENTER, on a Gentleman's Estate. —
Understands the Erection and Repairs of Greenhouses,
Cottages, Farm Buildings, Painting, and Glazing. First-class
testimonials. — C. T., Ivy Cottaee, Wraysbury, Staines.

OUSEKEEPER (Working), to one or

two Gentlemen. — Age 40. widow ; highly respectable.
Experienced, economical, good Plain Cook and Needlewoman.
Salary. ,^^20 : comfortable home valued. Highest re'^erences.
—HOUSE KEEPER, t, Albert Terrace, Station Road, Woking-
ham, Berks.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTand PILLS.—
The infirmities of our nature almost necessitate dise.-ise.
Impurity of the blood, functional disturbances, aiid loose living
constantly give rise to despondency, debility, or distempers.
In the above-named remedies the community can and do have, at
a little cost, the safe and certain means ol preventing or checking
and curing both outward ailments and inward maladies. Ample,
plainly-printed, and very intelUgble directions accompany every
package of both Ointment and Pills, which only require attentive
study to enable every invalid to be his or her own medical adviser.
The earlier these powerful remedies are employed after discovery
of the disease the more rapid will be their action in expelling
from the system all noxious matter and restoring health.

4t6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 27, 1884.

R

S.

DUNBAR

(Late of the THAME3 BANK IRON COMPANY)

Bees to intimate to his large circle of Friends in the Horticultural Trade that he has

taken PREMISES at

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

and is in a position to execute Orders to any extent for Hot-water Pipes, Connections,

Boilers, and General Castings.

THURSDAY NEXT. -(Sale No. 6735.)

AERIDES LAWRENCT^E (true).

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 2, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a grand importation
of AERIDES LAWRENCIyE, one of the most magnificent Novelties introduced.

Prof Dr. REICHENB.A.CH, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, October 13, 1883, says :—" A grand and unique Aerides. We may easily describe the
inflorescence. A glorious Aerides raceme, surpassing a foot's length, having flowers nearly as large as those of Aerides crispum, but near those of
Aerides odoratum, first with greenish, then white, finally yellowish ground-coloured sepals, the petals flushed at the ends with fine purple, mid lacinia
excluding basilar side lobules of same purple, sending two purple lines to the mouth of the spur." See also Gardeners' Chronicle, September 22, p.
370, in which the Editor says : — " Briefly the plant may be described as the best and most beautiful Aerides ever introduced."

A First-class Certificate was awarded to it on September 9 last. Aerides Lawrencia: is of free growth, and the plant combines grandeur of
flower with fine habit. The spike obtains some i^ to 2 feet long, and the flowers measure up to 2 inches in diameter. It stands quite unique among
the Aerides, and is altogether a gorgeous and beautiful plant. The importation is in very extra condition, including wonderful masses, and some of
them are throwing up flower-spikes.

The Sale will also contain a grand lot of CATTLEYAS, ODONTOGLOSSUMS, MEXICAN ORCHIDS, VANDA SANDERIANA, the
lovely TRICHOCENTRUM ALBO-PURPUREUM, CATTLEYA LUTEOLA, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing; attention, will raise water to
any heigiit or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power,

No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. \c A !h

No. 46,;. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Wa'tering
No. 49«. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. so and 54,1. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. S4*. THE C.^SSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

.No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.

No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for

Garden use.

,!,..?.■,- *''" Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and Geneml Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,

u^rVo WHEELS. WARMING APPARATUS, B.^THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.^SWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution. FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars takm in any part of the Country. Plans and P.sttmatts furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

Crown Zvo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price a^s. 6d.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.

A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.

By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.G.

Editorial Communications should be addre=«ed to "The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41, WellinRton Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richards at the Office of Messrs. Pradbuhy, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City o! London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County .-Satlirdav, September 27, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hkvwood. ARents lor Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CfitaljUfiijeti I84i.

No. 562.— Vol. XXII. {serTes.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1884. (

Registered at the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.

I Price 5d.

JPOST-FREE, Sjt/.

CONTENTS.

Abies lasiocarpa .. .. 4^8

Amateur's Vines . . .. 43a
ADguloa Ruckerii .. 43s

Aulo\nt:'i Bri'/ftc/i'a^'tvr . . 432
Apples and Pears . . 435

BegODias at Staastead

Park Nurseries
Bouvardias at A^ke Hall
British Associate on his

travels 4^7

Cabbages 438

Carnations, perpetual

floweriDg
Catlleva Whitei ..
Clerodendron illustre . .
Cockscombs

Crute's patent fiower-pot
Dahlias, new single ..
Dendrobium Phalsnopsis
Exhibitions, floral, at

South Kensington
Florists' flowers . .
Flower garden, the
Forestry . . .. . . 430

Frames for tree pictures 437
Garden Palms .. .. 426

Garrya elliptica .. .. 4-5

Hardy fruit garden, the
Heliauihus cucumerifo-

lius .. ..439

„ doronicoides .. 437

434
439

42s
42S
474
434
438
428
4^8

435
439
431

431

Helianthus multiflorus ..

International exhibition

Kitchen garden, the

Lihum auratum ,.

Mineral waters ..

Nepenthes, the ..

Notes from Knap Hill ..

Obituary ..

Opuntia ficus indica

Orchids, sale of the Dun-
loo

Orchid notes

Palms, diseases of

Phaius bicolor

Piper ornatum ..

,, porphyrophyllum . .

Plants, new garden

Polypodium vulgare var.
trichomanoides

Power of rain

Pfinciples of horticulture
and agriculture

Rainfall, the

Rhododendrons, grafting

Steds of the current year

Seedling Potatos

Weather ..

Woolhope Naturalists'
Field Club

Woollon Wood, near
Liverpool

43S

4 so
431
43S
434
42s
4S3
440
437

434
42S
4'9
418
424
438
414

435
432

4 38
434
439
435
438
440

43S

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frames for Tree Pictures 437

Gairya elliplica .. 4^5

Pcstaloziia macrospora and P phccDicis 419

Poiypodium vuleare var. trichomanoides . . . . . . 433

Khjdodendron Grafting .. .. 439

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be 7nade payable at
DRURY LANE.

/CRYSTAL PALACE.

V^* —HARDY FRUIT SHOW. OCTOBER 7 to n (in-
clusive). For Schedules apply to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden
Super, otendent, Cr>-stal Palace, S.E.

N.B. A Cup is offered by Messrs. Norlhard & Co., 20,
Toolcy Street, London, for the best exhibition of American and
Nov.-. >coiian Apples, the Crystal Palace Company adding £3
f^ the Cup as a ist prize, and giving ^5 and £,1 as 2d and
3d prires.

R Y S T A L PALACE.

INTERNATIONAL POTATO SHOW,

WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, Oct. 8, 9, and 10.

To be opened by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor.

T" HE ELEVENTH GRAND INTER-
NATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held
at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. S.E., on OCTOBER S. 9, 10,
when upwards of ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS
will be awarded m prizes. Entries close on September 29.
For particulars apply to

P. McKINLAY, Croydon Road Anerley, S.E.

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held at the Royal

Aquarium, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY. November 12

(pan cost of cartage will be refunded to plant exhibitors).

Schedules free on application to

WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney, London, E.
The NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE
(price 6</.) may also be had on application.

INCHESTER HO^RTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.

A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM. FRUIT, and
FLOWER SHOW will be held at the GUILDHALL, Win-
chester, on TUESD.AY and WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER
18 and 19 NEXT.

Schedules of Prizes may be had on application to

R. PORTER, ) Hon.

JOHN B. COLSON, \ Sees.
45. Jewry Street. Winchester.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Division I., INi'ENTIONS. Division II., MUSIC.

Patrcn—HER MAJESTY THE QuEEV.

President— H.R.H. THE Prince of Wales KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Pi inted Forms, which will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY, International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kensington, S.W. These must be fiiled up and returned on
or before NOVEMBER 1, 1884.

CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES.
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 r.M Prospectus and

full pirliculais on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

ROMAN HYACINTHS and PAPER
VV'HirE NARCISSUS. Good samples at low prices.
In stock.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

NA R C I S S I.
Send for cur Special Offer.
NEW PLANT AND BULB CO.. Lion Walk, Colchester.

FREESIAREFRACTA ALBA.—
Early white blooming. Very sweet scented. One of the
most usffiil bulbs that can be grown.

See mir Uulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

DWARF-TRAINED FRUIT TREES are
extra fine with us this year. All leading varieties
of PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, PEARS,
APPLES, PLUMS, ftc. LIST post-free.

GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries, Bath.

STRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—
Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 31. 6ii.
per 100 ; our ditto, 7S. td. per 100 ; 5C0 for 10s. 6d. Plants in
2j^-inch pots, I2J. 6rf. per 100 ; in 5-tnch pots, 25J. per 100.
All the principal sorts grown, including British Queen, Dr.
HogEt Jas- Veilch, Keens' Seedling, President, Sir C Napier,
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Castle, Vicomtesse H. de Thuty, and
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application,
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

StrawberrieB (true to name).

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED
COMPANY (Limited) have a large quantity of Runners
and Pot Plants to offer, and will be pleased to send a Priced
LIST on application.

King's Acre, Hereford.

STRAWBERRIES, very strong, in large
6o's, either for potting on or planting out, price 15.1. per
100, free to London. LIST, Trade Terms, &c., on application.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4^. per
100. Plants, in small pots. i6s. per loo ; ditto, in large
pots, 255. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS,
3J. per loo, izr. 6d. per 500, 2o\ per 1000.
LIST of varieties on application.
"A BOOK ABOUT STRAWBERRIES," 31/.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Pitmaston PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q QU E L C H AND B ARN H A M,

^^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To NurBerymen, Private Growers, &o.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C , is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen, Covent Garden. W.C., have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS. BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

ANTED, AT ONCE, a few thousand

good, well-rooted, i-yr. old BRIER CUTTINGS.
State cash price, with sample, to

H. BENNETT, Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepperton,
Middlesex.

ANTED, old Bedding Plants, GERAN-

lUMS, Tricolors, Bronze, Double Scarlet, &c. Price
per ICO to

MANAGER. Harold Wood Nursery, near Romford.

WANTED, for a Conservatory, a few well
established Plants in pots, about three years old,
including TACSONIA VAN VOLXEMI, RHODOCHITON
VOLUBILE, and CLEMATIS INDIVISA.

Address, with particulars, N. H, , Gardeners' Chronicie Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, Two Dozen Charlotte^Rothschild,
and Two Dozen Smooth Cayenne PINE SUCKERS,
true and clean. State price to

C. TEA, The Gardens, Haverholme Pnory, Sleaford.

ANTED, GOOSEBERRY and CUR-

RANT CUTTINGS-all the best Lancashire Prize
and other good sorts. Must be true to name. Send LIST of
varieties and price per rooo to • ■ ■

I DANIELS BROS., Nuiserymen, Norw .

The Grand New Narcissus Incomparabills Glgantens,

SIR W A T K I N."

3J, 6</. each, 36^. per dozen, 5501. per lot.
Should be in every collection. A "special " offer of other
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities required,
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS. "Newton" Nurseries. Chester.

TREE CARNATIONS.— All the leading
varieties in leally good stulT, looj. to 1301. per 100.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.

INDIAN LILIES.— Flowering Bulbs of
L. neilgherrense, is. 6<i'. each ; L. Wallichianum, 2s. dd.
and 3s. 6d. each; L, polyphyllum. 21. 6d. and 35. 6*^. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade, All Orders for 251. carriage
paid to London. Remittance ihrough post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Kotagiri. Nilgiris, India.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR AND SON. 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

To the Trade.

JM O O Y, Florist and Seedsman,
• Haarlem, Holland (established 1830), begs to inform his
Commercial Friends that ha has arrived in London as usual
with a good selection of FLOWER ROOTS, and is staying at
12. Exeter Street. Strand, W.C.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Bedding, from 12^. to 2\s. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Dutcli aud other Bulbs.

CHARLES TU RNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consignment is to hand in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

ENTIA CANTERBURYANA.— Germi-

nated Seeds. Write for price (carriage and package
free), to F. H. DAMMANN, Gorlitz, Germany.

Established 1860.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker), Hardy
• Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS,
IRTS GERMANICA, PHLOXES, POTENTILLAS,
P.i'EONIES, &c. Selections of loo showy varieties from 50J.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W.

Established 20 years.

HERBACEOUS PEONIES.
Now is the time to plant.
A very select Collection of ^bout 60 choicest varieties, In
various shades of Primrose, Lemon. Pink, Rose, White, Crim-
son, &c., many of them sweetly scented. Extra strong bloom-
ing plants 9^., 12s., and lEs. per dozen.

T. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.

Hyaclntlis, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus. UUes, &c.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

ENTAUREA CANDIDfsSIMA. —The

most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants — easily
raised from seed, which is the cheapest way toobuin a stock, is.
per packet (about I03 seeds), 2s td. per packet (about 300 seeds).
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

OR SALE, 14 CAMELLIAS (Alba-plena),

planted out : must be removed for alterations. Apply to
W. G. HAZELL, The Vineries, Nightingale Road, Wood
Green, N.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

W HOWARD, Southgate, N., can supply
• good strong well furnished Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including the new
ones of this year also :— ADIANTUM cuneatum, in 48's and
33's, very good ; do. farleyense. in 48"s. CYPERUS altami-
folius variegatus. DRACAENA striata, Green, a fins variety for
Conservatory. GARDENIAS in all sizes. STEPHANOTIS
in all sizes. ASPIDISTRA lurida variegata.

Birmlngliain Botanical Gardens.

SPECIMEN HOLLIES for SALE.— A small
number of fine well furnished HOLLIES, 10 or 12 feet
in height, and of proportionate thickness, are to be disposed of.
For pariiculars apply to W. B. LATHAM, Curator.
Birmingham, September 30, 1884.

REEN HOLLIES. — The present is the

best time for Planting Holly Hedges.

1 foot, bushy . . 21J. per 100")

2 feet, with leaders 50J. per 100 VAll well rooted.

3 feet, with leaders 751. per 100 J

H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.

4i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Centr.il Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. (next door but one to
Bennni's Cloclc), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignmeats of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CRUCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. ____^

Tuesday Next, October 7.— fSale No. 217).

HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the
iar-famed COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, formed by
Oscar Lamarche, Esq , of Liege, who is giving up their
cultivation.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from Oscar Lamarche,
Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Centra! Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C, on TUESDAY, October
7, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, without the slightest
reserve, his entire Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
enjoying a reput.Ttion probably unequalled on the Continent.
Amongst many other fine things, several of which are handsome
specimen plants, may be mentioned :-

MasdevalHa chim^era erecta
Cattleya Gaskelliana, white
variety

,, I'riana^lalba

,, ,, rubra

,, Warneri
Laelia superbiens

., Perrini
Ctclogyne Massangeana vera
Anguloa Rnckeriana
Epidendrum prismatocarpiim
Oncidium tetracjpis

,, macrauthum
Odontoglossum Alexandi se,
many special varieties

,, Pescatorei, do,

,, mulus

„ conslrictum
',, sceptrum

,, Da;vium majus
Ac ides suavissimum

Vanda Lowii, a most unique

specimen 4 ft. 6 in. high, with

thirty-two leaves
Dendrobium ShrosderJ, true

„ Guiberti
Vanda suavis Veitchl

„ flavescens tricolor

,} tricolor aurea

„ ., wioti

„ Cathcarti
Cypripedium caudatum, several
fine plants

,, Sedeni, 4ft. through

,, Haynaldianum

„ Stonei

., Pearcei

,, Dominianum

,, Dayanum
Miltonia Clowesii Lamarche-

ana
Masdevallia troglodytes

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues are now ready and
may be had of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E C.

Wednesday and THursday Next.— BrigHton.

By order of the Executors of the Ute Mr. Thomas Killick.
IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY
STOCK, PLANTS. HORSES, FURNUURE. and
Effects.
To Gentlemen and others intending Planting this season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
(in conjunction with Mr. G. Attree) are instructed to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Dyl(e
Road, Brighton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, Octo-
ber 8 and 9, at I2 o'Clock precisely each day, the whole of the
beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which is in capital
condition for removal, comprising thousands of Border Shrubs
in fine assortment, 4500 Aucubas, about 400 of which are
imusoally fine platts, from 3 to 4 feet high ; 15,000 Dwarf
Roses. Standard Roses, Fruit Trees in variety, large quantities
of Limes, Poplars, and other Ornamental Trees, the whole of
the Greenhouse Plants, sixty unelazed SASHES, AGRICUL-
TURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOTICULTURAL REQUI-
SITES, capital WAGGON, TUMBRIL and Spring CARTS,
Bay GELDING. Chestnut PONY, Bay PONY, HARNESS,
and the remaining HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, WARD-
ROBE, CHIMNEY-GLASSES, and other items of the usual
description.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues are
now ready, and may be had on the Premises ; of Messrs.
CLARKE AND HOWLETT, Solicitors, 8, Ship Street,
Brighton ; at Mr. ATTREE'S Offices, 136, North Street,
Brighton : and of Messrs, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS,
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C,
and Leytonstone.

N.B. To be SOLD, the v.aluable FREEHOLD BUILD-
ING ESTATE, being that portion of the Nursery situate on
the eastern side of Dyke Road, with the Dwelling-house stand-
ing thereoD, and having an area of about 4 Acres, with a
frontage of 300 feet to Dyke Road, particularly eligible for the
erection of superior residences. For particulars and terms
apply to Mr. ATTREE, or Messrs. PROTHEROE and
MORRIS, as above.

Friday Next.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, October 10, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, a magnificent importation of ONCIDIUM PHAL.'E-
NOPSIS, the most beautiful of Oncidiums ; O. LANCEANUM
SUPERBUM,in the finest possible condition ; O. KRAMERI,
CATTLEYA MAXIMA, the dark variety of this lovely Cat-
tleya ; C. GIGAS SANDERIANA, in strong plants ; ODON-
TOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM. large-fioweting variety ; O.
ROSEUM and O. ALE.XANDRA:, established and imported ;
the beautiful GALEANDRA NIVEA .and DEVONIANA,
and many other choice ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C.

EatabUshed Orcbids

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Centr.al Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.C, on TUESDAY, October
14, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the COLLECTION of
ORCHIDS, formed by J. Bagley. Esq., of Knottingley, Yorks.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Hampton, Middlesex.

IMPORTANT SALE of well-grown FRUIT TREES, true

to name.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Will. Tayler to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, about five
minutes' walk from the railway station, on WEDNESDAY,
October 15, at iz o'Clock precisely, a large quantity of unusually
well grown FRUIT TREES, of the best varieties and true to
Dame; several thousands of fine SEAKALE for forcing, and
other stock. Fuller particulars ia next week's advertisement.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, or of the Auctioneers, at their Auction Rooms and Estate
Ofilices, 67 and 68> Cheapside, E.C>

Chigwell.— Without Reserve.

CLEARANCE SALE of VALUABLE GREENHOUSE

and OTHER PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Olantieh
Nursery, Pudding Lane, Chigwell (two miles from Chigwell
Lane Station), on WEDN ESDAY. October 15, at 2 o'clock
precisely, without reserve, the whole of the valuable STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including Soo Licuala gratis-
sima, 500 Maidenhair Ferns, Asparagus plumosa, Stephanotis,
choice Palms, the entire stock of the double white Lapagena,
also L. rosea superba. Gardenias, Azaleas, Tea Roses, a
quantity of Shrubs, WHEELBARROWS, and other
UTENSILS.

May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, at the principal local Inns, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 63 Cheapside. London, E.C.

Lower Norwood.

ANNUAL SALE of CHOICE ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Henry James, to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Castle Nursery, Lower
Norwood. S.E., about two minutes' walk from the Station, on
THURSDAY, October 16, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a selection
of beautifully-growa ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including
a very fine lot of Odontoglossums, rare Masdevallias, Cattleyas,
Phalajnopsis, Dendrobium?, Cypripedmms, Oncidiums, &c., an
assortment of young and clean-grown STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, Specimen CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS,
and other plants.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, at their Central Auction
Rooms and Estate Office. 67 & 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

Dorking.

CLEARANCE SALE of thriving young NURSERY STOCK,
the land being required immediately by the Burial Board for
ke extension of the Cemetery.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. J. Ivery & Son to SELL by
AUCTION, without reserve, at the branch Nursery known as
the Cemetery Nursery, Reigate Road, Dorking ten minjtes'
walk from the town, and about the same distance from the Box
Hilt and Dorking Stations, on THURSDAY, October 16, at
12 o'clock to the minute (in consequence of the number of lots)
the whole of the well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
6000 fine Laurels, i to 3 feet ; loco Box, i to 3 feet ; 6^
Aucubas, 1 to 2 feet ; 1000 Portugal Lauiels, 3000 Privet, 2 to
3 feet ; a quantity of Austrian, Weymouth and other Fines,
Irish and other Yews, Deciduous Shrubs in variety 400 fine
Limts, Planes, Poplars, Catalpas, and other ornamental Trees,
also a quantity of Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Fruit Trees,
together with some large specimen CAMELLIAS, smaller
ditto, and AZALEAS.

The stock may now be viewed. Catalogues had of Messrs. J.
IVERY AND SON at either of their Dorking or Reigate
Establishments; and of the Auctioneers' and Valuers at their
Central Sale Rooms and Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside E.C.

"^Wimbledon, S^W.

A few minutes' walk from the railway station, whence goods
may be transmitted to all parts.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOUR DAYS' SALE of beauti-
fully-grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. D.
S. Thompson & Son, in consequence of the axpiraiion of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nursery.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nurseries, Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY,
October 20, and three following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely
each day, several Acres of remarkably well-grown NURSERY
STOCK, including 7000 Laurels, ij^ to 3^4 feet; 10,000 oval-
leaved Privet, fine bushy plants, 2 to 4 feet ; 8000 Berberis
Aquifolia, 1 to 2 feet ; iSoo green Euonymus, 3000 Aucuba
japonica, i to 2j^ feet; 3000 Deciduous Shrubs, in variety;
Portugal Laurels, green Hollies, English Yews, Planes, Limes,
Poplars, Standard Thorns, and other Ornamental Trees, 4000
Standard and Half-standard Roses, ro.ooo Fruit Trees, consist-
ing of Standard and Pyramid Pears and Plums, Standard Vic-
toria Plums, Horizontal and Dwarf-trained Apples and Pears,
Dwarf-trained Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, fine Goose-
berries and Currants, Orchard-house Trees in pots, and other
stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 6S,
Cheapside, E.C.

Bulbs.— Mondays. Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as adovb,
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half- past 12 o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'Clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6741.)

IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 9, a grand importation of MASDEVALLIA HARRY-
ANA. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDR/E),
PILUMNA FRAGRANS var. nobilis, COMPARETTIA
MACROPLECTRON, &c., from Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder & Co.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6741.)

ARALIA CHABIARIl, grand specimen.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT,
October p, a grand specimen of ARALIA CHABIARIl, about
16 feet high ; also a new ONCIDIUM, which will be in Flower
on day of Sale, and now with Professor Reichenbach. Also 50
DRAC/ENA TERMINALIS(about 3 feet high). 18 STRICTA
GRANDIS. 18 AMABILIS, and 18 BAPTISTI.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6741.)

TREE and OTHER FERNS from New Zealand.

Received direct.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King
Streetj Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT.
October 9. a consignment of TREE and OTHER FERNS, just
received from New Zealand direct, in very fine condition, com-
pr,suig Cyathe adealbata, including one very fine'double-stemmed
specimen about 8 feet high ; Dicksonia squarrosa, Todea
hymcnophylloides, Lomarias, Aspleniums. Polypodiums, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

■Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6741.)

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the Property of a Gentleman.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. October 9, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a collection of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, formed by a Gentleman who is leaving England,
all of which weie bought in (Viwer or from sales of first-dasi
collections. Amongst other good th ngs will be found a splendid
specimen of DendrobiumlMautei (true), Vanda suavis Rollissoni,
V. suavis Veitchii, AOrides Warneri, l_a:lia anceps Dawsoni
(two plants), Odontoglossum deltoglossum (rare). O. Coradinei,
O. Andersonianum (trom the Pilgrim collection). Masdevallias
in variety, Angra;cum dependia (rare), Cypripedium Spiceria-
num (grand specimen with 100 leaves), Pescatorei Lehmanni, &c.
On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.

MR. J. C. STEVENS be^s to announce that
his next SALE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will
take place on WEDNESDAY, October 15 Gentlemen
desirous of entering Plants f^r this Sale will please send parti-
culars of same not later than Thursday next.

Auction Rooms and Offices, 3S, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Hawkhurst Lodge, Sussex.

About 5 miles from BiUinghurst Railway Station on the
Mid-Sussex branch of the L. B. & S. C. Railway,
CHOICE ORCHIDS. FERNS. STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS (some being vtry fine and fit for
Decorations), the property of H. NichoUs, Esq., who is
leaving the neighbourhood.

MESSRS. DEATH and SON will SELL
the above by AUCTION, on MONDAY. October 6,
at I o'clock.
Descriptive Catalogues of the Auctioneers, Petworth, Sussex.

Haversham Grange, Cambridge Park. Twickenham.

A few minutes' walk from the St. Margaret's and Richmond
Stations, and near to Richmond Bridge.

SALE of the COSTLY CONTENTS of the RESIDENCE.
7-octave grand concert Pianoforte, Billiard Table and
Fittings by Thurston & Co.. quantity of Stove and Green-
house Plants, Azaleas, Pol Roses, Camellias, Maidenhair
Ferns, &c , and outdoor ElTects.

MR. CHANCELLOR has been favoured
with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the
premises, Haversham Grange, Cambridge Park, Twickenham,
in consequence of expiration of lease, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 7 and 8. at i o'Clock precisely each
day, the elegant and well manufactured FURNITURE and
EFFECTS of the residence, a valuable Collection of AZALEAS,
CAMELLIAS, Pot ROSES, FERNS, CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS, &c., and out-door effects. &c.

On view Monday, October 6. from 10 to S o'Clock:CataIoguei
on the premises and at Mr. CHANCELLOR'S Auction and
Estate Offices. Richmond ; and at his branch offices at Sunning-
dale and Ascot.

Royal Oak Nursery. Goldsworth. Woking.

Close to Goldsworth Old Nursery, i mile from Station of London

and South. Western Railway.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.— CLEARANCE SALE.

MR. H. W. COPUS is favoured with in-
structions from Mr. Newey. who is giving up Business
in consequence of Expiration of Lease, to SELL by AUCTION,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 8 and 9.
at 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the fine grown
NURSERY STOCK, comprising 2o,oco (6 in. to 2^ ft.)
Rhododendrons and Stocks, 2000 Aucuba japonica, 5000
Green and Variegated Holly, i to 7 ft. ; Perry's Weeping
and Golden Holly, icoo Roses, standard and half-stand ard|
true to name ; 5000 Ligustrum ovalifohum, 2 to 4 ft. ;
Cotoneaster Simonsii, 4000 Spruce Firs, lo.oto Common
Laurels, 6 in. to 3 ft.: Laurustinus, lo.coo Chestnut, 2 to 5 ft.;
4C00 Yews. 2 to 6 ft.; fine well furnished Green and Variegated
Box, Lawsoniana viridis, 2 to 4 ft., Deutzia gracilis, large
quantity of well-grown Specimen and Border Plants, Flowering
Shrubs, Virginian Creepers, Ivies, Gooseberries, Currants, &c.

Catalogues can be had post-free of the Auctioneer. 16. Friary
Street. Guildford. Surrey, or at the Niir-fiery, Woking, Surrey.

EnutBford, Cheshire.
IMPORTANT SALE of NURSERY STOCK, consisting of
fine Pyramidal Specimen Conifer^e of all siies, many iront
6 to 12 feet high, and 3 to 6 feet through, including Thui-
opsis, Thuias, Pinus, Cedrus, Araucarias. Abies, Juni-
perus, Silver and other Hollies, 6 to 12 feet ; Golden Yews,
Relinosporas, S;c. ; large quantities of 2 to 5 feet sizes of
Pinus, Cupressus, Thuiopsis, Cryptomeiias, 300 Retino*
spora plumosa, 100 Retinospora plumosa aurea, 50 Retino-
spora squarrosa, icoa Rhododendrons, good bushes, 2 to
3 feet ; 1000 Green Hollies, 300 Aucuba japonica, 300 Ma-
honia Aquifolmm, 1000 Dwarf Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 200
Tea Roses, 300 Standard Roses, large quantities of common
Colchic, caucasicum and Portugal Laurels; 1000 Apples,
1000 Pears, 20,000 strong Thorn Quicks, several thousand
Oval-leaved Privets, 2 10 3 feet ; 590 Scarlet and Fancy
Thorns, 503 Limes, 500 Horse Chestnuts, 303 Bjrch Trees,
Flowering Shrubs, itc.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
have received peremptory instructions from Messrs.
W. G. Caldwell & Sons, to cle.-ir a quantity of land required for
further use, and SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY,
October 15, at their Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire, about
35,000 ofgood EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

Catalogues may be obtained at the Nursery, or from the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester. On view any
working day prior to sale.

" Whlttlngton Nursery, 2 miles from Lichfield,

SALE of a WELL-GROWN NURSERY STOCK, at the
above widely known Nurseries, of several hundred thousands
of Trees and Shrubs, consisting of Standard and Pyramid
Apples. Pears. Plums, Nuts, and other Fruit Trees, an im-
mense ([iiantuy of English Oaks, Ash, Elm, Spruce, Austrian
and Laricio Pines, &c. A large variety of Deciduous and
Evergreen Shrubs, together with many thousands of trans-
planted and well-rooted hybrids and other Rhododendrons,
and a fine variety of Ivies, &c. In the Conifera: will be
found a very choice assortment of Cedrus, Cypress. Junipers,
Pinus, Retino5poras,Thui.is,Yews. &c.; arem.irk.ably fine lot
of MarJchal Niel, Gloire de Dijon and other Roses ; together
with an immense variety of Seedling and Bedding Plants.

MR. GEORGE MARSDEN will SELL the
above by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Holmes, at
Whittington Nurseries, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
October 2a and 23, and following day if necessary, commencing
at 10 o'clock each day. Conveyances will meet all the early
Trains up to 10 o'Clock each day, at the " Trent Valley " and
"City " Stations, Lichfield. For the convenience of Purchasers,
any lot or lots can remain on the ground until March i, 1885.

Catalogues will be ready 14 days prior to the Sale, and can
be had at the Midland Counties //fra/./ Ofiice, ihc place of
Sale, and the Auctioneer, Wirksworth, Derby.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

419

Abbey Wood Nurseries,

Adjoining Abbey Wood Station, North Kent Line.

IMPORTANT SALE of NURSERY STOCK.

To Noblemen, Gentlemen, Builders, :ind the Trade,

MR. HARCOURT MILLS will SELL by
AUCTION, at the Nurseries as above, on THURS-
DAY, October 9. the slock of Gold and Silver varieties of
HOLLIES. Specimen ARBUTUS in fruit. KRUIX TREES,
fine Siand.ird ROSES, fie.

Catalogues at the Nurseries, and at the Auctioneer's Offices
at Woolwich and Brighton

Tansley Nurseries, near Matlock.

MR. GEO. MARSDEN h.is tlie ple-isiire to
announce that he is acain instructed by Messrs. S. and
J. Smith to SELL by AUCTION, at the above old-established
Nmseiies, onTUESDAV.and WEDNESDAY, Octiber 28 .and
29, commencinj:: at ri o'clock each day, the following ; —
ICO 000 KH0L')ODENDRt)NS. named varieties.
20,003 RF.TINOSPORAS. in sorts.
5,000 ANDROMEDA KLORIBUNDA.
30.0X. IVIES.
12.0C0 Golden ELDERS. Golden ERICA, HOLLIES in

v.arieties, LAURELS.
So.ooo Enchsh C3AKS. and large quantities of SYCAMORE,
BEECH, POPLAR, Scotch PRIVETS, and other
TREES and SHRUBS, all of the finest possible
growth, and well rooted.
Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be obtained on application at the Nurseries as above, or
from the Auctioneer, Wirksworth.

WANTED, TO LEASE, on the Great
Western Hue, within 30 miles of London, a SMALL
VILLA with Stabhng for 1 horses, Wai.hhojse, good Garden,
with about 150 feet of Gla'S, and from 3 to 10 acres of Land.
The house should contain about 8 rooms, with offices-
Particulars to be sent to Box 267, Office of the Builder^
Catheiine Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, to Rent, on Lease or otherwise,
a NURSERY, with a number of Glasshouses, well
heated by hot-water and conveniently Atted up. Must be within
a (ew miles of Covenl Garden.

Full particulars to D. E. F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Market Growers and Florists.

For Sale at PulUne- Down Price, by order of the Mortgagees.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS, measuring a total length of about 2400 feet,
with the LEASE of about eleven years unexpired, 4J^ acres of
LAND and COTTAGE. Kent ;£45. Price for the"Glasson
application at Messrs. PROTHEROE'S and MORRIS'
Offices, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

EED BUSINESS for SALE, a thoroughly

genuine concern, established upwards of half a century,
and now for Disposal in consequence of death of Proprietor. The
Premises, which are prominently situate in an important Town,
comprise large Residence, Warehouse, Stabling, &c. Long
lease and low rent.

A reasonable offer will be entertained to effect an immediate
Sale. Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Specially recommended.

O BE DISPOSED OF, a NURSERY,

SEED, and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, doing a first-
class trade in one of the best manufacturing districts in the
North ot England, consisting of Pinery, three large Vineries,
two Peach-houses, and the following Houscf, all separate; —
Camellia and Lapageria, Eucharis, Melon, Rose, and Show ;
with Seed Shop, Pits and Frames, Stable, Packing-sheds, and
a good Dwelling-house ; all well fitted up, in good repair, and
first-class working order ; well stocked with plants. All free-
hold property, standing on an Acre of ground. Satisfactory
reasons given for owner's selling.

For particulars apply to HURST and SON, 152, Hounds
ditch, London, E.

OR DISPOSAL, a GENUINE SEEDS-

MAN, FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSINESS,
about 7 miles from London, in a first-class neighbourhood,
main road, at a low Rent and long Lease.

Address FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4t,
Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

To Gardeners, Florists, &;c.

FOR SALE, several acres of FREEHOLD
LAND, well adapted for the above Trades, also a 6-
Roomed COTTAGE, with Land suitable for the Erection of
Glass Houses, within 10 minutes' of Hampton Station.

J.EMBLETON, Suffolk House, New Hampton.

To Head Gardeners

TO BE LET, a piece of GARDEN LAND
planted with Fruii Trees, &c. Attached thereto and
enclosed by walls, 7 Glass-houses (south-west aspect) with Hot-
water Apparatus, and everything complete in working order ;
also 7-roomed House and Outbuildings, Water, Gas, and
Sewerage complete. Near Norwich.

For full particulars, rent, &c.. apply to W. B., Jeary's
Advertising Office, Market Place, Norwich.

To Market Gardeners and Florists.

TO LET, about ii Acres of GARDEN and
ORCHARD LAND, p:irl of the E.non Roy.il Nuiseries
in Norwich ; a good Greenhouses, 40 by 20 feet each ; Barn,
Stables, Cow-house, Piggeries and other agricidtural buildings.
Apply to G. B. KENNETT. Solicitor. Norwich^

TO "be LET ON LEASE (withTmmediate
Possession), capital NURSERY GROUND, partly
stocked with five latge Glasshouses, or Forcing Pits, Heating
Apparatus to the same, with large Dwelliiighouse. and suitable
Outbuildings. Sheds, &c. The whole covering about i acre,
situated within about a mile of three railway stations, and
about 5 miles from London.

For p.articulars -apply to Messrs. LANDER and BEDELLS,
Surveyors. 6, John Street, Bedford Row, W. C.

Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

JTYDEMAN, AUCTIONEER, Valuer, and
• EsTATi; Agent. Waltham Cross, N., is open to receive
instructions for HORTICULTURAL SALES and VALUA-
TIONS. Every attention given and moderate charges.

'■p MILLINGTON and CO., English

1 • and Foreign Shret and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

Hyacinths In Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Poitery, Weston super-Mare.
Price List free.

Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MAI THEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

Trpfl Fems

AUSTIN and McASLAN have to offer 2
ALSOPHILA AUSTRALIS, with straight stems,
ir feet high, in girth i foot g inches, handsome symmetrical
plants; and i DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA (fibrosa var.),
stem 5 feet S inches high, in girth 3 feet 3 inches— a very fine
plant. 16. Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

REE CARNATIONS, fine bushy plants,

12 to iS inches high, of Miss Joliffe, jAndalusia, Lady
Sefton, Laura, and others, 40J. per loo. BOUVARDIAS,
very strong and bushy, in 4S's, all the best Double and Single
kinds, 4Qr. per 100

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.

FOR SALE, Six splendid Standard Portugal
LAURELS, in tubs, stems 4 to 5 feet high and nice
round heads, from 5 to 6 feet through, 21.1. each. Also Hybrid
RHODODENDRONS, all colours, mixed, grown on loam, i^^
to 2j^ feet high. 30J. per ico, j^iz per icxx).

W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.

pnOICE EXHIBITION PANSIES. —

^^ Twenty-four Cuttings, twelve finest competition fancy
varieties, for 45,, postage free, including Catherine, Agnes, Craig-
forth, Mrs. Storrie. Miss Bliss, Evelyn Bruce, and other fijst-class
sorts. A. LISTER, Gayfield Nursery, Rothesay.

CAMELLIAS.— A choice collection of Speci-
men Plants for Sale. ^ to 7 feet high, in tubs ; also
ALPINE AURICULAS, all named sorts.
GARDEN. 97, South Street. Exeter.

O BE SOLD, Specimen ORANGE TREE,

Australian TREE FERN, and HARD-WOODED
PLANTS. Apply to

GARDENER, Cannon Hill, Soulhgate, London, N.

HOUSE'S " PERFECT MARROvT"
PEAS can be obtained from the following Firms : —
Messrs. HURST and SON. 152. Houndsditch, London, E.
„ NUTTING AND SONS, 6n, Barbican, London, E.C.
„ HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, 14, Tavistock Row,

Coveot Garden, W.C.
„ BARR andSON, tz. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.
„ J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, 2, Enchange Row,

Nottingham.
„ DICK RADCLYFFE and CO., 128 and 129, High

Holhorn, W.C.
„ JAMES VEITCH and SON, King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.
„ HY. CLARK and SONS, 39. Kbg Street, Covent

Garden. W.C.
„ CHAS. TURNET}, Slough.
„ DANIELS BROS., Norwich.

„ CHAS. SHARPE and CO., Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.
„ LANE and MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road, London, S.W.
Retail, price ij. per half-pint packet. Wholesale price on
application to

J. HOUSE, Seed Store, Peterborough.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,

BEG TO SOLICIT ORDERS FOR

DUTCH and FKENCH BTTLBS, NARCISSUS, and Miscellaneous BULBOUS PLANTS,

Just received in fine condition.

HEEBACEOUS PLANTS, BOCK and ALPINE PLANTS,

Now in fine quantity and condition at our Broxbourne Nurseiy.

POT HOSES for FORCING and POT CULTURE,

Now arranged for purpose of selection at Cheshunt.

STRAWBERRIES, TRANSPLANTED RUNNERS and in SMALL POTS,

Including the New Early Pauline and the American Hot Weather Strawberries.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES of the above Post-free on application.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT.

WEBBS'

' ' SUPERB

HYACINTHS

FREE
By POST or RAIL.

FOR
BEDDING.

Per doz. — J. d.

Crimson

.. 40

Red ..

. . 40

Pink ..

.. 40

Pure White . .

..40

White Tinted

.. 40

Purple

.. 40

Dark Blue . .

.. 40

Light Blue ..

.. 4 0

Yellow

.. 40

Mixed Varieties, Single, 3f.

per dozen,

215. per 100.

Mixed Varieties, Double. 3^,

per dozen,

211. per i&o.

FOR POTS and GLASSES.

100 in 100 Fine Varieties, delivered free . .

50 Extra Choice Varieties, delivered fiee

50 Fine Varieties, delivered free ..

25 Extra Choice Varieties, delivered free

25 Fine Varieties, delivered free . .

12 Fine Varieties, delivered free ,.

1 2 Good Varieties, delivered free . .

100 in
50 in
5° in
25 in
12 in
12 in

h

FOR EXHIBITION.

12 Superb Varieties for Exhibition, our selection £,1
25 Superb Varieties for Exhibition, our selection 2

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

To the Trade.

FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS, home
grown. One million i-year LARCH, hne ; and a
quantity of i and 2 year Scotch and SPRUCE will be sold.
Moderate prices, &c., on application to
C. QUtNN. Nurseryman. Summerhill. Co. Meath, Ireland.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, having a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with confidence recommend
them to purchasers ; —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in sj^-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 7-inch

pots, 36J. per doz.
ACACIA DRUMMONDI, in 5-inch pots, 185. per doz.; 4-inch

pots, i2s. per doz.
,, ARMATA, in 5-inch pots, i8j. per doz,; 4-inch pots,

\2s. per doz. _ \jiis. per doz,

,, HVBRIDA, in 5-inch pots, i8r. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

SULANUM CAPSICaSTRUM, well berried, in s-inch pots,

i2i and i8j. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

lO and 12-inch pots, 365. aud 42J. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in j-inch pots, i2.r. and i8j. per doz. ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24J., 30J., and 42^. per doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-iiich pots, 4J. per doz. ;

4j-=C-inch pots, gj. per doz.
„ TRAPEZIFORME. in 3-inch pots, 4^. per doz. ; 4]^-inch

pots, qs. per doz.
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, new, iii

3-inch pots, 6j. per doz. 1 per doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in s-inch pots, 41.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock in 5-inch pots, lis. per

doz. ; 7-inch pots, 24J., 30J., and 36J. per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, with six and seven bunches on each

plant, lis. 6d. and 15J. each; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries, 5^., js. 6</.. jos. 6d., and i2.r. 6d.

each, according to strength. Stock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston.

B U L B sT

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WOBCESTEE.

420

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 18

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

Messrs, HAYASHI & CO.,

MOTOMACHl, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade that they
have opened a London Order-office at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &c , grown in their
gardens in Japan, and are prepared to offer the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants :

PRICE LIST.

JAPANESE LILIES— A Collection for £10,

consisting of
3 doz. L. auratum or at %s., \2s. & i6j. per doz.

1

L. cordifolium

2^J. and 36^.

2

L. coridium

... I2J.

2

L. concolor

5,

... 1 2 r.

2

L. Krameri

... I2.f.

I

L. Leichtlini

... 24J.

2

L. Batemannias

... 12s.

t

L. longiflorum

11

... 4Ss.

1

„

L. Hansoni

,»

. . . 60s.

A Collection for £10, consiatiog of

Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty different
varieties, and including six of our celebrated
grafted plants, containing three to seven sorts
on one stem. All hardy varieties.

Or at 4SS. per dozen ; Grafted, g6s. per dozen.

Half of either of the above Collections, £'^ y.

Quarter of cither of the abov: Collections, £2 1 5 J'.

Collection of 12 rare vars. of Japanese Iris,

Two of each sort, 30.;.

.\ty JAPANESE SEEDS. PLANTS, &c., obtained, to
order, direct from our Nurseries.

Speciality of Miniature Firs and Cedars.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
England. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
application necessary. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condition.

Trade Correspondence Invited.

W^^vERY EXTENSIVE ^^-</;f
' SUPERIOR siocK^ ^

& VERY

-IH MOST CASES-

FREE BY POST OR RAI L

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

JamesDickson&Sons

"NEWTON"' NURSERiESWrrrn

I08EASTCATES! JMliLt"

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

special Offer of White Begonias.

Seedlings from three best whites, large tubers,
per dozen laj. Producing fine decorative plants.
Most useful for cutting. Free by Parcels
Pobt.

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E,

NEW PLANTS.

CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, GLA-
DIOLI, Hardy FERNS and ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS in great variely. IRIS, Japanese
MAPLES, LILIES. NARCISSI, ORCHIDS, Filmy
FERNS, NEW ZEALAND SEEDS. Rare MOSSES,
BULBS for Forcing. See our LIST No. yr, just issued.
NEW PLANT *ND BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

Probably the Beet and Cheapest Offer of
AZALEA MOLLIS.

30,040 left for Sale.

8 to 12 Buds, £1 los.; 10 to 1$ Buds, £1 15?.

0. BURVENICH DE WINNE,

ROSE and PALM NURSERY, GENTBRUGGE.

1884 — 188 5,

SEEDS AND PLANTS.

A. LIETZE,
Caixa 644, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,

Wholesale Prices in German Marks.

Acrocomia cubensis

, , sclcrocarpa
Areca lutescens

t» 5.COO Seeds, ico marlcs

,, 10,000 Seeds, i6j maiks

,, madagascaiiensis

„ rubra

,, 5,oco Seeds, 50 marks

Astrocaryum Airi

Attalea speciosa

Raclns maraja
Copernicia cerifera ..
Desmoncus sp. Rio
Diploihemium candescens

., maritimum . . ..

Elaeis guineensis ..
Euterpe edulis
Geoaoma gracilis

,, 5C00 Seeds, 120 marks

„ Schnttiana

,, sp. Qiiciuz
Caryota sobohtera ..

„ urens

Cocos campestris

„ flexuosa

,, oleracea

„ plumisa

,, 5 00 Seeds, 250 maiks

Cocos procopiana

,, Weddelliana .

,, 5,000 Seeds, 250 marks

., 10 000 Seeds, 450 m^rks

Ccffca arabica

,, yellow fruited variely

„ var. MARAGOGIPE

,, per bushel, 200 marks

,, var. MURTA

,, per bushel, iCo marks

Glazovia insiguis
Livistonia sinensis . ,

., 5000 Seeds, 50 marks

Maximiliana regia . .
(^reodox^ oleracea ..
Pandanus utllis

,, 5, coo Seed?, 80 marks

,, io,coj Seeds, 150 marks

Ravenala madagascariensi-i
Philodendron bipinnatifidum

,, bpeciosum

,, 5,000 Seeds, 75 marks

,, 10,000 Seeds, izjmark-.

Vriesia hiero^lyphica

When
Ripe.

100

Seeds.

Sept.
Sept.
April

Marks.
20

10

4

June

4

Jai,.

2

Nov.
May
Nov.

'5
6

Jan.

May
March
March

May

May
Match

10
10
IS

13
17

6

5

June

June
irregular
irregular

Jan
Maich

Jan
irregular

1

6
6
7
S
10
5

Nov.
Dec.

so
7

May

May
May

2
3
5

May

5

Dec

8

Aug.

2

A.g.
M.itgh

2 I

2

irregular

3

trregular
Af il
April

S
3
3

Juie

5

80

25

180

55

3'

PLANTS.

ALOCASIA PORTEI, extra strong plants, a-piece. ao 1040
marks.
, PLUMBEA, strong p'ants, a-piece, 2 to 5 marks.

ALSOPHILA ELEGANS and EXCELSA, J^ to i yard
high, each 10 marks. S:tms without fronds.

ARECA lUTESCENS, i to 2 yards high, from the open
gr'^ und, 4Q0 marks per 100 Smaller bushy plants, 300
marks per loo Packing and sea transit expenses in-
crease the price from 60 per cent, to 100 per cent.

CALADIUM.— A special cffer of my enormous tubers will be
sent out i'l December.

CAITLEYA GUTTATA, fiesh collected, 230 to 400 marks
per 100.
,. HARK J SON I, fresh collected, 220 to 400 mirks per 100.

DRACHMA TERMINAI-IS, sti-ms. 2>i marks per metre.

GRIFFINIA HYACINTHINA, strong bulbs. 45 ma ks
per ir.o.

The arrival of Seeds and Plants in goo.i order

cannot be guaranteed.
Above Prices are for Cash without Discoiint.

A. LIETZE,

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER.

STRONG. HE.ILTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS. tSi. to 30S. per dcz™.

AZALEA INDICA, i8j. to 6-.r. per tlozen.

EOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, I8.^ per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, los. to 6or. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PEKSICUM (Smiths superb strain), full of

buds, s-inch poti, i8r. per dozen.
CVTISUS, I2S. to .8.'. per dozen.
EPACRIS, best sorts, i8r. to 3or. perdrzep.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS, WILMURtANA, CAFFRA,
GRACILIS. AUIUMNALIS, &c.. 6-inch pots i8j. to
GARDENIAS, i8j. to 301. per dc'Z.p. [30J. per dozen.

LAPAGEHIA ALIIA, 7... bd. to ,2.. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, sj. 6u', each.
LIBONIA PENRHOSIANA, 12s. to iS . pir d,zen.
PIMELEAS, very fine. 30J. per dozen.
PRl MULAS, best doubles, named, 30J. to t,is. per dtzju.
PRIMULAS, double white and pur^l;, i8i. per dozen.
TREE CARNAI IONS, 5-inch p its. 2^J. 10 305. per dozen.
GKEVILLEA ROHUSTA, 5-inch pots. izr. lo iSi. per dozen.
FERNS, MAIDENHAIR, &<■.. in ereal variety ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANl'^.
Descriptive List Free,
Selecti mi from above may be made at Dozen Prices.
The Plants are rcmaikably fine and cheap.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,

WOBCESTER.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

Ordinary I Reduced
Price. I to

RHODODENDRONS, Standard, 4000 1

to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from f

iKto 5 feet through the head 105/- 10/6 31/S 5/-

„ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and 8 feet high.. 4?/- 21/- 15/- 10/.J

I, Dwarf and Sweet-scented, i to aji
feet high, consisting of K
fragrans, W 1 Isoni , Goveni-
anum, &c. . . . . .. 2/3 .. 1/0 -/g

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;

line plants, well set wiih bloom, i to 3

feet high i> /■) 2/0

3/0

1/5

AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high .. ..i 2/3
A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.'

T. LOEBII. WELLINGTONIA.

CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS.

THUIOPSIS DOLAERATA, and

niatiyother-; in fine condition for removal, ir/6 5/-
ORNAMKNTAL TREES— Fine speci-
mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.,

Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnur,

Sorbus, Th')rns of sorts, Maples, I

Fraxinus aucubxfolia, Scarlet Uak ;'

also We-eping Birch, Elm, Ash, ana ;

Poplar. 6 lo 15 feet high . . .. 1 lo/i

LIGUSTKUM OVaLI FOLIUM, 2 to'

4 feet, per loj . . . . . 2' /-

,. common, i 10 2^ feet .. . "^

Laurel, common, I to 3 fett

,, C'ucasica, i '03^2 feet .,

,. Portugal, 1 ■•2 to 3 feet .,
MAHONIA AQUIFULIA ..

BR( OM, White

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas a"d

Climbers
CLbMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No rea'-onable

lopsis Veitchii .. ., .. .. \_ D(rerrtfu>td , or

ILkX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of ( qujtaiions wiU

perfect specimens, 6 lo 9 (eet ; be given.

smaller, i to 3 feet.
THUr^ LOBbU, 3 to 4 feet
KETINOSPURA aUKEA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

I to 3 feet
WELLINGIONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet
MaHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches . . . . . . .. )

COB NUT, Webb's. 3 10 6 feet .. 251. per ico

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting. 2 to

6 feet high, 255 tn 751. per i o
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear, ^s each.
SFIR£JV PALMATA fiie fotcing clumps. The largest
stock in iLurope, 25J per i&o.

„ JAPONICA. \zs. bd. per roo.
ERICAS in v.iriciy, 20J per i ^r.

LAVENDER, fine bu-hy siulf. 31. per dozen, 151, per ico.
PERIWINKLE, los. per 100.

Thouiatidi of other things too nufnerous for an advertise-
vient are on offer^ and inquiries or a visit ivill be found very

advantageoiti. ^^

CHARLES NOBLE. Bagshot.

Autumn and Wlnter-flowertng Plants.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• in consequence of the hot suminer his stock nf the
abjve is remarkably fine this year, and well set fur fl,wer.
Early orders are solicited (or the following, which ale now
ready for delivery : —

AZALEA INDICA in variely.

,, MOLLIS, seedlings iind named sorts.
BuUVAUDlAS. leading kinds.
CAMELLIAS, leadinc kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
KPACRIS. leading kinds. [GIGANTEUM.

ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS.

LlLAt'S. Chas. X,. and other leading sons.
PKIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA.

., double, leading kinds.
SOLANUM?, Williams' hybrid.
SIAPHYLEA COI.CHICA.
For compleie List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most compleie " Little Book" of Irish and other D;-lT.dils
miy be had on applieaiion. Some very rafe forms are offe*ed
fo" the first time, and over loo varieties to select from PleaiC
enclose 6a. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, whicli is very

uncommon. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLANO,

Seedsman, &c., " t)ld Establi>hcd " Warehouse,
94, Patrick Street, Coik.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

tmpoiled IIULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

Tlie Feople'a Seedsman, Cbard, Somerset.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

421

The Largest Rose Grounds in England.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

xow ready,

Descriptive Catalogue of Roses,

FREE ON APPLICATION.

CRANSTON'S NnKSEBY and SEED CO. (Limited),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

CLEIVIATIS JACKIVIANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackmau's Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Westem Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

^

CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

FOR Conservatory and Window Decoration.

No. I. — Carters' Box of 800 .. price 84J.

No. a. — Carters' Box of 600 , . price 63J.

No. 3. — Carters' Box of 450 .. price 42J.

No. 4. — Carters' Box o\ 250 .. price sij.

No. 5. — Carters' Box of 125 . . price 10/6

Send {%cs.
P. 0.0. 60J.

or \ 4<M.
Cheque I loj.

for I 10 J.

PackiDg and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation.
No. 6.— Carters' Box of acoo .. price 84X, \ Send ('8oj.
No. 7. — Carters' Box of 1500 ., ----' ' t^ ^ ,. I.
No. 8. — Caners* Box of loco . ,
No. g — Carters' Box of yco .
No. 10. — Carters' Box of 350 . ,

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

. puce 63.1.
. price 42r.
. price3r/6
. price 151.

P.O.O. 60J.

or \ 4oi,

Cheque 30J

for l..4'3

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in the Open Ground.
No. II — Carters' Box of 2250 .. price 84J.
No. 12.— Carters* Box of 1850 . . price by.
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250 .. price 43*.
No. 14 — Carters' Box of 650 . . price 2if.
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300 .. price ic/6

Send [%os.

P.O.O. 60J.

or \ 40J.

Cheque 20J.

for \ 10 J.

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station i
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS, ROSES, and PLANTS, gratis
and post-free.

Seedsmen ty Royal Command to H.R.H. the
Prince of Wales,

"i, High Holborn, London, W.C.

HENRY ROCK has to oflTer MANETTI
STOCKS, well eyed, dwarf, GLOIRE DE DIjON.
Cheap aod good for cash.

Kemberton, ShiTnal, Salop.

BULB CATALOG-UE,
" HOOPER'S."

The most complete. The lowest prices.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Filce M., wblcli Is returned In the first porcliase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON. W.C.

NEW YELLOW TREE CAKNATION,
" ANDALTJSLft.."

A variety of recent introduction which is in all respects of the
highest merit. Unlike most of the yellow varieties it has a free
vigorous constitution and is remarkably free flowering. Market
growers who have seen it are very fond of it and look upon it as
being the most serviceable variety for producing cut blooms in
quantity the season through. 'The colour is an attractive deep
lemon, tbe flowers are large and bold. i2.r. per dozen.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Kent: The Garden of England.

or ALL KINDS . WRITE TO
THE OLD NURSERIES;

WHO CVLTIVATE 700 KINDS.

mu6tmt£d List . LiM ofNaxnes.
i Stamps.! A Gmli^.

(RtsisUnd.)

300,000 Trees to select from.

Lalng's
Begonia
Tubers.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Collections of i dozen, named, our Selection : —
Singles, A 42/-, B 36/-, C 30/-. D 24/-, E 18/-, F 12/-
Doubles. P 90/-, R 63/-, S 48/-, T 42/-

Collections unnamed, our Selection :^
Singles, G 21/-, H 18/-, J 18/-, K 12/-. Lg/- per doz.
Doubles, W 30/-. X 24/-, Z 18/- per dozen.
Singles, for bedding, M 40/-. N 30'-, O 24/- per 100.
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

B. S. WILLIAIVIS'

IMPROVED MUSHROOM

SPAWN, per bushel of s. d.
fourteen cakes ..60

The best in the market : never
fails.

Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N.

*MV >*t 1 1_ I ■ I V ••••••••••••••••■•••""••iiiliiiifc

— (Roo^0, —

SUPERB QUALITY.

i;hc $3uk of IJoUanb.

Prices very moderate.

Ifree Deliveries.

i^ WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

(Illustrated).

aitliablc altonBg. Address in full —

R^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS,
tCbe diueen's See&smen, >

GHES^PEI^.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM

SPAWN. — Too well known to require
description. Price 6j. per bushel
[is. extra per bushel for package), or
td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, ij.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
■ WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
i (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
" Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Our Bulbs are unequalled.

Free by Parcels Post.

12 for 2J. ^. ; 6 for is. dd.^ fine bulbs of Early

White Roman Hyacinths. So chaste and useful for

early winter blooming. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs,

Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., also free by post.

Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, _

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cultivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Specias and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on "
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

Fern

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERED BY

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

FINEST QUALITY. LOWEST

PRICES.

D 1.^. D... 1

'^s.''"d. ' s.'7. 1

HYACINTHS. White Roman

2 0

15 0

,, Whiteltahan, stronger growth, a week

later

3 0

■S 0

„ Blue Roman, pretty colour

I 6

10 6

„ Double, pale rose Italian— this force;.

while: a lovely variety ..

2 0

IS 0

„ „ deep ro^e Italian, charming

18 0

NARCISSUS, Double Roman, with yellow

intermixed

2 0

12 6

„ Paper-White, pure white, lovely

■ 9

10 6

„ Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup, new

25 0

,, (Corbulana) citrina, pale lemon, a

lovely frilled cup

7 0

55 0

JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

1 0

6 6

,, ,, ,, „ double

2 0

12 6

TULIPS. Due vaa Thol, red and yellow . .

1 0

6 6

, plain scarlet

I 0

5 6

LILlUM HARRIS!, white trumpet, the

grande(>t of all

>5 0

100 0

.. CANDIDUM, the White Lily

3 '

21 0

TUBEROSES. Double White African,

splendid

4 6

30 0

A!l ready for immediate delivery. 51. ivortk and Jt/nvards

Carriage Free.

HOOPER'S BULB CATALOGUE, illustrated in

colours, &c., is now ready. The bulbs are splendid, the

prices extremely low.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The Best Roses.

The Best Hyacinths, Tulips, Sr'c.

The Best Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs.

The Best Park and Roadside Trees.

The Best Fruit Trees and Grape Vines.

The Best Camellias.

The Best Seeds, &>c.

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,
Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross.

{Adjoini}!g " IValthatn Cross" Station, Great Eastern
Railway, half an hour front London.) Prices as low at
possible. Inspection invited. Priced Catalogues fr»*.

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT, ROOZEN & SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

Of Choice Hardv Flower-Roots for Indoor and Spring
Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under :—

COLLECTION "F,'" FOR SPRING GARDENING,
CONTAINING 900 BULBS.

400 Crocus, in 4 distinct colouri
50 Ranunculus, double

36 Hyacinths, distinct colours

50 Tulips, single early

50 Tulips, double

25 Tulips, single late

20 Narcissus, Polyanthus

30 Narcissus, incomparable

24 Narcissus, Poeticus

50 Anemones, double

36 Gladiolus
50 Snowdrops (single)
25 Spanish Iris
25 Triteleia uniflora
25 Scitia hyacinthoides
4 Lilium urnbellalum

W. & J. BIBKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

COLLECTION "C," FOR INDOOR.

CONTAINING 277 Choice BULBS for POTS and GLASSES.

Hyacinths, 18 in 18 splendid Narcissus, double and single-

named varieties
3 Roman Hyacinths

Tulips, single early —

12 in 4 fine named varieties
6 Due van Thol, red & yellow
6 „ ,, scarlet

Tulips, double early —

6 La Candeur, pure white
6 Rex RubrGrum,fine crimson
6 Toumesol

Crocus —

100 in 10 fine named varieties

Narcissus, Polyanthus —
12 in 4 finest named varieties

12 in 4 named varieties
Jonquils —

6 Double, sweet-scented

6 Single, ,, ,,
12 Scilla sibirica (precox)
12 Choice Ixias
12 „ Sparaxis
12 „ Oxalis
12 Grape Hyacinths (H,
botryotdes)

6 Eranthis hyemalis

6 Snowdrops

6 Iris Pavonia

HALF OF EITHER OF THE ABOVE FOR lOJ. 6d.

The above Packages may be had from our Agents, Messrs.
MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross Lane. St, Mary-at-Hill, London,
E.C, on receipt of cheque or Post-office Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of bulbs for INDOOR
aod SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
Catalogue for 1884, which will be sent, post-free, on application
to our Agents, or ourselves direct.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, Ov^nreen, near
Haarlem, Holland,

422

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884,

BULBS,

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Collections of Bulbs

SrEClALLV SELECTED FOR

Indoor and Outdoor Culture,
For Outdoor Culture,

'^^ £-i> £^i £^' ^'''^ loj. euc/i.

For Indoor and Window Culture,

a^ ^3. 30s., i^s., ajid los. each.
Orders of aof. or more in value are forwarded Carriage Free.

FOR FURTHER PARTICULARS, SEE

GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE,

which will be forwarded free on application.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

To the Trade.- Offered by

HUGH LOW AND CO.
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, gi , i2j. perdr?
ARECA LUTESCENS. 4E-P0IS. i8s. per doz.

„ RUBRA, pr.iceful Palm, i foot, 155 per 100. [per doz

AUIANTUM CUNEATUM. 4S-pots. pj.. 12s.: 33-pots, iSj.

,, GRACILLIMA, e.xtra size, 32-pols, 15*. per doz.
AZALEA INDICA, well- budded, i2i., 15s.. 18s , 24s., 30J. doz.

„ „ double white, grand, 50 to 70 shoots, budded, 6or. doz.

., ,, ALBA, old white, ico;., 1254. per 103.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 2ii,, 24^,, 30^. per doz.

,, double white, formed buds, zis , 24^. per doz
CARNATIONS, Tree, finely budded, 12J , tsj , i8s. per doz.
CYCLAMENS, finely budded, 91., I2i. per doz.
DRAC/ENAS, in variety, 12J., iSj , 305. per doz. [doz

ERICAASSURGENS, white, in flower, M., i2i., iSj.,2ii per

„ CERINTHOIDES CORONATA, scarlet, in flower,
rSi. per doz.

,, GRACILIS, well budded, gj,, 125., i8j., 24J. per doz.

,, HYEMALIS. well budded, gj., 12J., 15^., 24s., 3M. per doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 501., 751. per ico

,_, SANDERIANA, 501., 751. per 100.
FERNS, in variety, 48-pots, 6oj. per 100.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, well budded and in
flower, 24J. , 30J. , 42J, per doz. [per doz.

„ RADICANS, finely budded and in flower, 95., 12J,, 154-.
GENISTAS, very fine, 8j., lol., izr. per doz.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 501., 7S1. per 100.
JASMINUMGRANDIFLORUM.inflower, izj., iSj. per doz.
KENTIAS. 4S.pots, 245., 30J. per doz

LATANIA bORBONICA, splendid plants, 181., 241., 421. doz
LAURUSTINUS, French white, nice heads, well budded,

125., i8r., per doz.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRyE, looj. per 100.

„ PESCATOREI, jooi. per 100.
PAMPAS GRASS, fine plants, 151. to 40J, per 100.
PTYCHOSPERMA ALEX ANDRv«, fine plants, 181. per doz.

,, rose-white, pots, in bud, 9J per doz.
SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS. 48pots. 121. per doz.
SOLANUMS, well berried, g^., us. per doz.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

ED. PARRE, NURSERYMAN, Ghent, Belgium,
offers the following : —
SPIR,(KA JAPONICA, very strong clumps, %s. and tos. per

SPIR^A PALMATA, a stock of 3C00 plants, at lOJ. per 100,

very strong ckimpj.
AZALEA INDICA, RHODODENDRONS, LILY OF

THE VALLEY. AZALEA MOLLIS, FICUS ELAS-

TICA. PALMS, &c.
CATALOGUE sent post-free to any part of the world.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS.

50,000 Double DAFFODILS.

30,000 Single DAFFODILS.

70,000 Pheasant-eyed NARCISS.

70,000 Double White Sweet-scented NARCISS.

20,000 Campernelle JONQUILS.

For Prices of above and many other varieties of Narciss, also
Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, and all Dutch, English, and French
Bulbs, see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

■WATKIN8 & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,

STRAND, \V,C.

Special Prices for Large Quantities.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARB NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES, He, and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies wlU be Posted upon application.

thomas s. ware,

Sale farm nursery, Tottenham, London.

Now Ready, Medium Zvo, with Illustrations, OrnamenM Cloth, Price i(>s.,

PLANT LORE, LEGENDS, and LYRICS,

By RICHARD FOLKARD, Jun.,

Embracing the Myths, Traditions, Superstitions, Folk-Lore, Symholism,
and Language of the Plant Kingdom.

The Principal Subjects Treated of are :— The World Trees of the Ancients— The Trees of Paradise and the Tree of
Adam— Sacred Plants of the Ancients— Floral Ceremonies, Garlands, and Wreaths— Plants of the Christian Church — Plan:s of the
Fairies and Naiades— Sylvans, Wood Nymphs, and Tree Spirits— Plants of the Devil -Plants of the Witches— Magical Plants-
Fabulous. Wondrous, and Miraculous Plants— Plants Connected with Birds and Animals- The Doctrine of Plant Signatures —
Plants and the Planets — Plant Symbolism and Languige— Funeral Plants.

ALSO

AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF 600 PLANTS,

English and Foreign, giving their Myths, Legends, Folk-Lore, and History.

The -lUhole forming by far the most complete a?id comprehensive work hitherto publislied

0)1 the subject.

LONDON : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE & RIVINGTON,

CROWN BUILDINGS. 188, FLEET STREET, LONDON. E C.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANOR/E BLUNTII).
GUILLERMO KaLBREYER,

Who has recently established a horticultural business in Bogotd, has now leisure to attend
to Orders for this well-known and justly prized Orchid. He has great facilities for collecting these
Plants from the localities whence comes the largest percentage of hybrids or intermediate forms,
and only selected plants will be sent.

ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM and PILUMNA
FRAGRANS NOBILIS can also be supplied.

PRICE, free on board Royal Mail Company's Steamers at Savanilla, £40 per 1000.

dT Draughts on Bogotd or Barranquilla Houses must accompany each Order from all
parties with whom Mr. KALBREYER has not business relations, ot/iermiss they will not be
attended to.

ADDRESS—

GUILLERMO KALBREYER, La Flora, Bogota,

U.S. of Colombia, S.A.

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY

(JOHN COWAN), LIMITED,

Have a splendid stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they ofFer as follows :—

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM LOWI, grand plants, in 5. inch pots, and 4 to 6 fine new
growths, 6s. each, 60s. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, with strong bulbs, 2 and 3 fine new

growths, 5J-. each, 48^. per dozen.
„ WARDIANUM LOWI, fine plants, with strong bulbs, and 4 and 5 new growths, in 4-inch

pots, y. 6d. each, 36^. per dozen ; in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6d. each, 24^-. per dozen.
„ SUAVISSIMUM, guaranteed true, flowers large, and plants in 5-inch pots, 10 and 12 bulbs,

and numerous new growths, 5^. each, and 42^-. per dozen.
„ THYRSIFLORUM, splendid plants, in 6-inch pots, S to 10 fine bulbs, 5^. each, 40.?. per

dozen ; fine plants, in 5-inch pots, y. 6d. each, ^os. per dozen.
„ CRASSINODE BARBERIANUM, fine plants, in 5-inch pots, 5 and 6 fine bulbs each, and
numerous growths, 5^. each, 48^-. per dozen ; fine plants, in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6d. each,
24s. per dozen.
Also D. CHRYSOTOXUM, DEVONIANUM, PRIMULINUM, FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM,
EBURNEUM, DALHOUSIANUM, and other fine varieties, at equally moderate prices.
The Company have also to announce the arrival of a splendid importation of ORCHIDS from .Soutti America,
consisting of splendid masses of Cattieya Kldor.ado, C. superba splendens, .Scuticaria Steeli, and many other grand
varieties, also several perfeclly new plants. Full particulars sent on application.

The Company have also just received from South America a grand collection of PALM SEEDS, including
many perfectly new varieties. Full particulars on appUcalion.

Terms Cash in. 14 days. The usual aUowanoa to the Trade.

THE VINEYARD & NUBSEBIES, GABSTON.

LI N DLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY, a Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,

&c. With 400 Illustrations, 8vo, cloth, price 5^. 6it,
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY, with Illustrations, Svo, cloth, price 9^.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND GECONOMICAL BOTANY- With numerous Illustra-

tions, Svo, cloth, price 5^.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For SelMnstruction and the Use of Schools,
Price IS. sewed,

London : BRADBURY, AQNBW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

423

STAN DEN'S

MANURE,

ESTABLISHED 20 YEABS.

This old-eslablished Manure is acknowledged by most
of ihe leading practicil Giiiduncrs in the United King-
dom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general
fertilising properties and staying powers. It promotes a
rapid, healtliy, and robust growth to plants generally.
For Vines it cannot be loo highly recommended, and
this fact is fully sustained from the result obtained by its
use in the hands of some of the most successtul Grape-
growers. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little
smell, which renders it particularly adaptable for ladies
interested in plant culture.

The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render
its money value, in comparison with other Manures, at
least double, as users will tmd that very small quantities
will produce favourable results.

Sold in TINS, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s. 6d., and
lOs, 6d. each; and in BAGS, at reduced
prices, 28 lb., 12s. 6d. ; 56 lb. 238. ; 112 lb ,
423. each.

May be obtained from most kno:vn Seedsmen in the United
Kingdom and the Colonies.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS—

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices and Show Rooms, 18, FINSEURY STREET, E.G.;

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs

DUTY FREE.

TOBACCO PREPARATIONS

For Horticultural Use.
NICOTINE SOAP.

(PATENT.)

An Eflfectual and Speedy Eradicator of

Scale, Thrips, Greenfly, Mealy-bug, Red-spider,

American Blight, and all Parasites affecting

Plants, without Injury to Foliage.

The Manufacturers have great pleasure in briEgirg to the
notice of Horticulturists generally this valuable preparation, the
basis of which is Nicotine, or the Oil of Tobacco, with which is
blended other esseniiat ingredients, to render it available as a
general INSECTICIDE that may be used as a Wash or Dip
for out or indoor plants. It is well known that Tobacco, in
various forms, is resorted to as one of the best remedies for
Cleansing Plants of Parasites, but owing to the high Duty of
3^. 6d. per pound, it has been too expensive for general use.

Sold in Jars, 8 oz., is. 6d. ; 20 oz., 3^. ; and in Tins, 14 lb,,
i5(. 6d. : and Drums, 28 lb,, 25J. ; 56 lb., sar. ; iiz lb., 951.
Full directions lor use upon each package.

And 2 02. Sample Jars, 6d. each.

** LONDON " TOBACCO POWDER.— This pre-
paration consists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely ground,
and mixed with other ingredients of an essential character.
Price, in Tins, t lb., is. ; 3 lb., 2s. 6d. ; and 5 lb,, 4s. ; or,
in Bulk, £^ 12s. per cwt.

"LONDON" TOBACCO JUICE (Free of

Duty). — Manufactured from strong American Leaf
Tobacco, and highly Concentrated. Sold in Bottles, is.,
pints; I J. gd.^ quarts; 2s. 6d., half-galls. ; and 4^. galls.
Or in Casks of 10 galls, upwards, at 2s. 6d. per gall.

AND THEIR HIGHLY ESTEEMED

TOBACCO-PAPEB, CLOTH, and COBD,

for FUMIGATING GREENHOUSES.

Sole Manufacturers :

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices and Show Kooms, 18, FINSEURY STREET, EC.

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

B

EAUTIFUL FLOWERS for

203.

w

INTER and SPRING.

Value

OUTTON^S COLLECTIONS of the carriage
riHOICEST FLOWER ROOTS for -^^^
QUTDOOR and INDOOR CULTIVATION
QUTTON AND SONS pay frequent visits to

'^ all the princip.il Bulb Farms of Holland, and by careful
trials of the finest v.-uiclies of bulbs in their own grounds they
are enabled to select the sorts best suited to English Gardens.
Having imported large quantities they can offer Collections of
the Best Bulbs on the following advantageous terms ; —

QUTTON'S 105J. Collection of FLOWER

O ROOTS for Open Ground, contains 2800 FINE BULBS.
Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 6y. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Open Ground, contains 1850 FINE BULBS.
Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 42s. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Open Ground, conuins t220 FINE BULBS,
Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 2is. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Open Grcund, contains £00 FINE BULBS.
Carriage Free.

UTTON'S icr. 6a!: Collection of FLOWER

ROOTS for Open Grcund, contains 300 FINE BULBS.

s

SUTTON'S loss. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Pols and Glasses, contains 1000 FINE
BULBS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 63.?. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS tor Pots and Glasses, contains 600 FINE
BULBS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 42s. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Pols and Glasses, contains 430 FINE
BULBS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 2is. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Pots and Glasses, contains 240 FINE
BULBS. Carnage Free.

QUTTON'S lOi-. 6ti. Collection of FLOWER

O ROOTS for Pots and Glasses, contains 120 FINE
BULBi.

SUTTON'S 2IJ-. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Conservatory and Window Decoration,
contains 240 FINE BULBS. Carriage Free.

UTTON'S IOJ-. (>d. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Conservatory and Window Decoration,
contains izo FINE BULBS.

SUTTON'S 2 1 J. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Summer and Autumn Flowering in the Open
Ground, contains 400 FINE BULBS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S 10s. 6d. Collection of FLOWER
ROOTS for Summer and Autumn Flowering in the Open
Ground, contains 200 FINE BULBS.

SUTTON'S 21 J. "AMATEUR'S" Collec-
tion of FLOWER ROOTS for Indoor and Outdoor Culti-
vation, contains 460 FINE BULBS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S loj. 6d. "AMATEUR'S" Col-
lection of FLOWER ROOTS, for Indoor and Outdoor
Cultivation, contains 230 FINE BULBS.

UTTON'S Collections of HYACINTHS

for Pots and Glasses.

s

s

s

UTTON'S SPECIAL EXHIBITOR'S

COLLECTIONS of HYACINTHS.
25 splendid varieties .. 42.. j Carriage Free.

ONE HUNDRED HYACINTHS, in one
hundred very choice sorts, 84s. Carriage Free.

ONE HUNDRED HYACINTHS, in fifty
very choice sorts, 70J. Carriage Free.

IFTY HYACINTHS, in fifty very choice

sorts, 42,1. Carriage Free.

F

F

IFTY HYACINTHS, in twenty-five very

choice sorts, 355. Carriage Free.

TWENTY-FIVE HYACINTHS, in twenty-
five very choice sorts, 21s. Carriage Free.

TWELVE HYACINTHS, in twelve extra
fine sorts, z2s,

TWELVE HYACINTHS, in twelve choice
sorts, gs.

TWELVE HYACINTHS, in twelve good
sorts, 6s.

SUTTON AND SONS, THE QUEEN'S
SEEDSMEN,

■READING, BERKS.

THE

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1SS4.

KNAP HILL.

THE geological maps mark Woking as
situate on the London Clay ; if so, it is
London Clay with a difference, tending more
to the Bagshot .Sands above or the Woolwich
beds below than to the genuine cheesy article
familiar to dwellers in the northern suburbs of
London. In any case, no sooner does the
traveller alight at Woking than he is made
conscious of a different atmosphere, a different
climate, and a different vegetation from that of
the London Clay district proper. Turf walls.
Pine woods, and stretches of Heather, Gorse
bushes — the dwarf variety predominating, and
Genista tinctoria — these are not what one finds
where London Clay pure and simple predo-
minates. There is another feature which strikes
one in this locality — the worsliip of the " Golden
Queen." In many a hedgerow, in most cottage
gardens, on the front lawns of the rural villas,
there is set the emblem of the " Golden
Queen." Let us pay our homage, for it is due,
and pass on, for we are bound to the Court
of the Queen, and what we now see are
merely scouts and skirmishers of the great
army of Golden Queens— Hollies, we mean —
which we shall see at Knap Hill. A won-
derful place. Knap Hill — less so, perhaps, for
the prodigious quantities of hardy stuff — trees,
evergreens, deciduous shrubs, iS;c. — for pro-
digious quantities of these may be found in
many an establishment — than for the immense
size to which some of the "specimens," wisely
reserved as show-cards, have obtained. Where
in the whole country is there to be Ibund such an
astonishing Weeping Beech as this, which sends
its snaky arms meandering hither and thither,
calling to mind the Banyans in India that we
hear so much of ? The bole of the tree, all
hidden by the cascade of falling branches, is of
very respectable girth, and might be measured
without difficulty, but it would ta,\ all the re-
sources of the Forestry Exhibition, and all the
cunning of a mensurator, to do more than form
an appro.Kimation as to the true circumference of
the branches. Then there are the historic Rho-
dodendrons of huge size, but even more worthy
of homage from their history as the progenitors
of the bright throng which have emanated from
these nurseries. Then the Conifers, the huge
Redwoods with their boles covered with thick red
fur rather than bark— surely these must give no
very inadequate idea of what the trees are
like in the Californian sierras. Then there is
the graceful Ta.xodium distichum or deciduous
Cypress, represented by huge specimens and the
rarer pendulous variety. Huge pyramids of
Abies nobilis tower into the skies and yield
seed by the bushel. Boys were gathering the
cones with the aid of ladders just as if they
were Apples, only the boys didn't eat the
cones ! Abies cephalonica is here equally a
forest tree of the first magnitude, its spiry top
also crowded with cones cylindric in form and
of the richest golden-bronze colour. There is
the Douglas Fir, one specimen of which is a
singular mixture of majesty and grace — a per-

424

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, i8

ect specimen. Not so much praise can be
given to the Araucaria, which do not thrive
here. Pinus macrocarpa has attained propor-
tions fairly to be called gigantic. P. monticola
is laden with cones. P. Pinsapo forms very
handsome specimens. The Weeping Larch is
a much finer thing than small specimens would
allow one to imagine. Sophora japonica pen-
dula is so striking that one wonders why it is
not more frequently met with, till the matter is
explained by the gruesome phrase, "spring
tender." Here, too, are fine specimens of the
American Liquidambar, just beginning to glow
with crimson ; but these be giants, and there is
an army of them. Few, if any, planters can
hope to see such results for their labours ; they
have their reward, nevertheless, for while they
have the satisfaction of entertaining disinter-
ested feelings to the advantage of posterity, it
must be admitted that for mere beauty (apart
from the majesty which bulk conveys) the
smaller specimens, such as any one can enjoy,
bear the palm over the larger ones.

The collection here is so vast and so varied
that it is impossible to give any adequate
account of it in the narrow compass of a news-
paper article ; the only thing we can do is to
jot down a few notes concerning some of the
many things of interest which struck us on the
occasion of a recent visit. Fortunately for us,
the season is a valid excuse for not saying any-
thing about the miles of Azaleas and Rhodo-
dendrons to be seen here, so that the task of
disentangling our hurried notes is, in so far,
lightened ; nevertheless, it is difficult to know
where to begin or how to arrange matters. We
have been talking of giants, let us go to the
other extreme and deal with the dwarfs. This
done, we shall get a clue to what to do next.
To the dwarfs, then ! The dwarfs have their
places in the garden, which none but they can
fill so well ; such, for instance, as the corners
and angles 'of beds and shrubberies, and many
a nook or pinnacle of the rockery.

First on our list comes a plant we rarely see, but
whose compact habit and deep rich green colour
render it very desirable in such situations as we have
alluded to — Abies Hudsonica (Hort.) Gordon refers
this to A. (Picea) Fraseri, of which it forms, accord-
ing to him, a "very dwarf variety, not growing more
than 3—4 feet high, but forming a dense close bush
with a flat top. " It is found, he says, in the Hudson's
Bay Territory, whence the name. The leaves, we
find, have no thickening cells, and the resin canals
are just above the lower epidermis. Veitch,
copying from Engelmann, refers this to A.
balsamea, and calls it "A. balsamea Hudsonica, a
sterile dwarf variety, found in the White Mountains of
New Hampshire, above the timber line" {Engelmann,
in Transactions of the Academy of St. Lottis^ 1S7S).
Parlatore makes no mention of it, but Sargent classes
it under A. balsamea as a variety which "at high
elevations is reduced to a prostrate shrub, A. Hud-
soniana, Hort." {Sargent, Catalogue of Forest Trees^
1880, p. 66.) Koch, Dendrologic^ t, ii., part 2, p.
216, 1873, speaks of it under A. Fraseri, and men-
tions two forms of it, one raised from seed, the other
from a layer {ableger). Of the former he says that
when grafted on the, Silver Fir it loses its dwarf
habit. A nice little digression of two hours research
among books this little plant has led us into ! —
one that we did not contemplate when we began this
article. But even now we do not know whether Gor.
don is right in referring it to A. Fraseri and to the Hud-
son's Bay Territory, whether it is a variety of balsamea
or something different from either. In the absence of
strengthening cells(hypoderm) itagrees with balsamea.
Gordon gives us no means of checking his assertions
or references, so that we look upon him as a less
trustworthy witness than the others. But be all this
as it may, it forms a nice compact bright bush for the
purposes indicated, and only those who *' want to
know, don't you know ? " will trouble themselves
about other matters. Of similar habit are the dwarf
Weymouth Pine, P. Strobus, the delicate leaves of
which are relieved by a flush of silver ; and P.
silvestris nana, the dwarf Scotch, a compact dwarf
form, originally found, we believe, on the adjacen

common. At any rate, this plant when grafted does
not lose its character, for here is one grafted on a
standard like a standard Rose, and with a droll-
looking mop-head on the lop. Somehow cushions
and foot-stools look best on the ground ! Two
varieties of the common Spruce, Picea excelsa, answer
to this cushion character very well. P. Remonti, and
P. Gregori — these are forms so closely resembling the
Clanbrassil variety, that although the difference
IS apparent enough when one sees them altogether,
yet it would tax the skifullest word-painter to
make the differences intelligible to those who have
not the opportunity of seeing the plants. Of the
Retinosporas and Junipers, which form such beautiful
objects for winter beds or rockeries, nothing need be
said here, because they are not true dwarfs, but
speedily outgrow their stunted proportions when they
get a chance. Thuia obtusa pygmsea (Retinospora),
however, retains its dwarf character ; and its lace-like
foliage, partly turning a rich red colour in autumn,
renders it very attractive. It is sometimes treated as
a greenhouse plant, and is very pretty in such a
position, but it is quite able to do without any such
luxury.

Talking of Retinosporas — they will be Retino-
sporas in gardens for some time to come, in spite of
their origin as Thuias— our attention is called to a
branch of Retinospora plumosa aurea which has
reverted — or has it gone forward ?— to the condition
of R. pisifera aurea. A little quicker freer growth
and the change is made. It is very slight really, and
yet the general effect is surprisingly different. As
we are among the Conifers it may be well to finish
up our notes concerning them. Cedrus allantica
glauca : this is of a very lovely lavender-blue, a tint
that is the more interesting in that it prevails in some
forms of the Lebanon also.

Picea pungens — a pungent subject in many ways^
but we have settled in our own minds (being still open
to conviction !) that the Parryana glauca of the
nurseries is the form which our late correspondent
Dr. Engelmann, who ought to have known, and who
did know, called Picea pungens, and a very lovely thing
it is, only mind and ask for pungens glauca, for there is
a green form of the same which is not so remarkable.
P. pungens, whether green or glaucous, is a hardier,
more robust-looking, broader leaved plant than P.
Engelmanni, with which it is often confounded. It
grows later in the spring, and so escapes the
spring frosts, which materially injure the P. Engel-
manni. P. pungens is a native of the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado, growing at an elevation
of 6000— Sooo feet, never forming forests but scattered
along streams in damp moist soil. P. Engelmanni,
alias P. commutata, has also a green and a glaucous
variety. The latter is very pretty but its comparative
want of vigour and its liability to injury from spring
frosts render it in every way inferior to P. pungens.
P. Engelmanni occurs along the Rocky Mountains
from British Columbia and Oregon to Arizona, and
eastward to Dakota. In Colorado it forms extensive
forests at 8500 — 11,500 feet elevation, furnishing,
according to Sargent, the most valuable timber of the
Central Rocky Mountain region.

JuniperusChamberlaini, a variety of virginiana, forms
an elegant pyramid or column of fine-leaved foliage,
frosted with silver. Equally effective and very similar
is another silvery-leaved form called J. virginiana var,
Burkei. J. drupacea is of much bolder character, its
broad leaves being very different from those which we
usually associate with Junipers. The golden Chinese
Juniper is also highly to be commended for its bril-
liant golden tint, and the golden Japanese variety
is entitled to the same praise. Juniperus virginiana
Schotti is a very lovely form with the most delicately
fine foliage of a rich grass green. J. neoboracensis
is another very beautiful silver-leaved pyramidal
form. Messrs. Veitch speak of it as J. neabori-
ensis, and refer it to a variety of the common
Juniper, J. communis, but the name would seem to
indicate an American origin. The Colorado form of
A. Douglasii is of closer habit, and the branches have,
in the young state at least, a marked tendency to
ascend. But there are many forms of this Conifer
yet to be introduced. Picea sitchensis or Menziesii is
very beautiful, from the silver under-side of the
leaves. It is like the Japanese ojanensis, but the
leaves are not so flat. P. Maximowiczii here, as else-
where, is an ugly scrub of a tree, of no use for orna-
mental purposes, but which should be grown on till
it shows its true characters and tells us more about
itself than we know at present. Tsuga Ilookeriana is

a handsome Hemlock Spruce, with broadish leaves of
a deep blue colour. Picea concolor — ah ! here is
another pungent business. Is P. concolor distinct
from P. lasiocarpa {alias Parsonsi, alias Lowii) ? and
is that again distinct from grandis ? We have read
and written too a good deal on this subject, and we
come to the conclusion that for garden purposes con-
color {true) is, as Mr. Barron maintains, different
from lasiocarpa, and that from grandis. P. con-
color does, indeed, run very nearly into lasio-
carpa, so that in a large seed - bed it is difficult
to fix any definite line between them, but if you
consider the plants as a chain — the link at one end
being concolor, that at the other being lasiocarpa —
there is no difficulty in recognising the two end linkc.
The form known as P. concolor violacea is by far the
most beautiful ; its lovely tint of glaucous blue should
secure it a place in every collection.

Our notes have grown so much in the transcribing
that we must break off here, and defer our remarks on
some other classes of plants till another occasion.

i^tti

CLERODENDRON ILLUSTRE, A^. E. Brown.

This is a close ally of C. squamatum, and about
equal to it in point of beauty, both being handsome
and showy plants. Our new species differs from C,
squamatum in its glabrous and distinctly repand-
dentate leaves ; the corolla also appears to be more
nearly regular, the lobes not being directed so much
to one side, as shown in the drawings of C. squama-
tum. It was introduced into Messrs. Veitch's nursery
by Mr. Curtis, who discovered it in Celebes, and it
appears to be easily manageable and free-flowering,
producing its large panicles of bright scarlet flowers
when only about iS inches high. The leaves have
terete petioles, 4 — 5 inches long, and a cordate acute
blade 7 — S inches long, 6 — 6^ inches broad, distinctly
repand-dentate on the margin, glabrous above (or
with a few scattered, exceedingly minute hairs, only
visible under a lens), thickly covered beneath with
very small peltate scales, otherwise glabrous, upper
leaves rapidly reduced to small petiolate, ovate, or
spathulate, or almost linear bracts. The branches of
the panicle are red, and as well as the linear brae-
teoles, calyx, and outside of the corolla, minutely
puberulous. Pedicels 4 — 5 lines long, scarlet-red.
Calyx subglobose, obconic at the base, 4 lines long,
3 lines in diameter, scarlet-red ; the lobes are ovate-
lanceolate, acute, and connivent around the tube of
the corolla. The corolla is bright scarlet, having a
tube 9 lines long, and a subregular limb S— 9 lines
in diameter, with elliptic-oblong obtuse lobes. The
stamens are exserted for about an inch, and at first
are straight, afterwards curving downwards nearly at
right angles ; filaments vermilion ; anthers brown.

As a stove decorative plant this is a valuable
acquisition, for, as already stated, it flowers freely, is
very showy, and not difficult to cultivate, N. E.
Broivn.

Piper ornatum, N. E, Brown.

This is a very pretty novelty, and alihough some-
what resembling the following species {P. porphyro-
phyllum) in the coloration of its leaves, it is still a very
distinct plant, being more slender, and having
smaller, most distinctly peltate leaves. It is a stove
plant, of climbing habit, and well adapted for covering
trelliswork, the trunks of tree Ferns, &c. The
stems are trailing, growing 10— 15 feet or more long,
rather slender, glabrous, terete, and rooting at the
nodes, which are i — 3 inches distant. The leaves
are glabrous and directed to one side, the petioles
are 2^ — 3^ inches long, terete, slightly channelled
down the face, reddish tinted when young ; the blade
is peltate, 24 — 5 inches long, 2 — 4 inches broad,
ovate-orbicular, rather abruptly contracted into a
deltoid, rather obtuse point about half an inch long,
7-nerved, the nerves not prominent above and but
slightly so beneath, uniting with each other in a
series of loops at a short distance within the margin,
upper surface of the young leaves bright shining
green, everywhere thickly covered with small irregular
pinkish-white spots and dots, the old leaves duller
and darker green with the spots whitish, under-
surface green, unspotted. The stipules are about half
an inch long, the free part terete-acuminate, caducous.
The inflorescence is unknown to me. N. E, Brown,

October 4, 1884.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

425

GARRYA ELLIPTICA.

The female plant of this elegant hardy shrub is so
scarce in cultivation th^t we gladly avail ourselves of
the opportunity of giving an illustration of it (fig. 75).
Hitherto we have seen it only at Sir William Miles',
at Bristol, and from the neighbourhood of Clevedon.
Our present specimen comes from the gardens of Mr.
Pochin, Bodnant, near Llandudno. Though by no
means so handsome as the male plant, with its elegant
pendulous catkins, -yet it is not devoid of beauty,
while the chance of obtaining seeds, and possibly new
varieties, is an opportunity no true gardener will miss.
The berries have a brittle shell, the fracture of which
reveals a dark blood-red pulp full of juice, and sur-
rounding two pendulous seeds. It was a happy
inspiration that led Messrs. Bentham and Hooker to
place it among the CornaceK, an allocation the pro-
priety of which becomes more evident as our

Nepenthes are propagated either by seeds or cuttings.
As the seeds are so difficult to obtain, but few persons
have an opportunity to raise plants in that way. They
vegetate best in a close frame, such as is in use for
propagating purposes. The (rame is fixed in a
corner of the stove over the hot-water pipes so as
to secure a moist bottom-heat of about 85° or go°,
and the sittings of sand, peat, and sphagnum from
the Orchid compost answer well to grow them in.
The material is very light, and if the seeds are
merely laid on the surface the watering will cause
them to be sufliciently covered. As soon as the little
plants, which usually appear in a few weeks, are
large enough they must be potted off singly in small
pots, using a compost of turf, peat, sphagnum, and
broken potsherds. Cuttings put in under the same
conditions as the seeds will form roots ; indeed, I
have managed to propagate the Nepenthes from
cuttings by putting them in under the plants in a

Fig. 75,— GARRYA ELLIPTICA : BERRIES,

knowledge increases. Gorrya is a plant that should
be much more widely known than it is, for it is hardy,
evergreen, and when in full bloom most elegant and
distinct. Moreover, it is a capital seaside plant.

THE NEPENTHES.

This genus of tropical plants is not widely cul-
tivated in our gardens. The species and varie-
ties are, however, not only interesting as a class,
but are also extremely beautiful. They are not
often seen in flower, nor is it for the beauty of
the flowers that they are cultivated, but rather
for their singular appearance. It may be worth
observing that the Nepenthes are dioecious, the seed-
bearing flowers being produced upon one plant, the
pollen bearers on another. Owing to thischaracteristic,
it is not easy to obtain flowers to cross one species
with another, but in large collections the conditions
are sometimes favourable, and some very gratifying
results have occasionally been obtained. The

warm stove, using some cocoa • nut fibre kept
in a moist state to root them in. The plants prefer
a moist warm atmosphere, and when they are
well established, whether raised from seeds or cut-
tings, a position close to the glass is most con-
ducive to their well-doing. I have been tempted
to make a few remarks on this genus of plants, not
because they are popular, but to draw attention
to the excellence of the additions that have been
made to them during the last few years. The
houses where the Pitcher-plants are grown in
Messrs. Veitch's nursery, at Chelsea, are at present a
sight to gladden the eyes of all who are interested in
these wonderful productions of the vegetable king-
dom. Some eight or ten years ago N. sanguinea held
the highest position in the genus. Plants of it were
rare ; a good specimen of it put up for sale would
easily have brought fifty guineas. With the advent
of N. Mastersianax the anxiety to obtain N. san-
guinea has ceased. This new hybird, raised in
Messrs. Veitch's nursery, is one of the most wonderful
productions of modern times. It has already been

fully described and figured in these columns, but
there seems to be a dark and a lighter coloured
form of it. The dark form is a deep crimson,
as dark as N. sanguinea ; but the characteristic
lid and blotches of the pollen parent, N. distil-
latoria, are evident in the hybrid. The plants are
furnished with six to a dozen pitchers on each, and
one that I measured was <^\ inches long and 3 inches
across. The great value of this plant is its free-
growing character. N. Northiana is also developing
its high-class qualities and its distinct character. The
pitchers are densely blotched, and spotted internally
with deep reddish-crimson, the mouth deep yellow,
marked with crimson bars and lines. There are
several varieties of Northiana itself, and also a very
distinct kind which has been given the specific name
of N.cincta(see Gardeners' Chronicle^ vol. xxi., p.S?^*
fig. no) ; one plant of this had seven pitchers, some
of them 10 inches by sj ; it is presumably a cross
between albo-marginata and Northiana ; the reddish-
brown pitchers are streaked and mottled with dark
brown or chocolatecolour — a very free-growing species.
N, Morganice is a distinct free-growing and very
pretty species — a hybrid form of American origin.
The full-grown pitchers are 7 inches long, and of a
bright red colour. N. sanguinea is to be seen in the
form of a small plant with three pitchers. This
species when well grown is very handsome ; the
pitchers have been grown 13 inches in length, but it
is very slow in growth, and does not always succeed.
The full-grown pitchers of N. Rafflesiana hold a pint
of water, and it will always be valued for its free-
growing habit and handsomely marked pitchers. N.
Veitchii is a remarkably distinct species, and very
handsome ; the pitchers are of great substance,
greenish, with a decided brown tinge. When full
grown they are of the largest size. N. Rajah has not
started to grow with so much freedom as some others.
Introduced from the cool mountainous district of
Borneo, near the summit of Kinu Balu, it was thought
well to try it in a cool house — indeed, I saw it doing
well in a cool Orchid-house in the Glasnevin Botanic
Gardens; others have tried it in a cool moist atmo-
sphere, succeeding fairly well with it ; but the credit
is due to Mr. Tivey, who has charge of the Nepen-
thes here, and grows them so well, of producing the
largest pitchers of this variety yet seen in cultivation.
The plant is in the warmest house, and it has started to
grow with renewed vigour since some sphagnum moss
has been wrapped round the stem. The largest pitcher
is 9| inches long, and 5 inches by 3 inches across the
mouth. The pitchers are of peculiar formation,
greenish on the outer surface, and blotched with
brownish-red ; the internal spots and blotches are
red.

The above species and varieties are of recent intro-
duction, and it may safely be said that they have
caused quite a revolution in the Nepenthes world.
With the exception of N. Rajah they are all free
growers, and make handsome ornaments for the
decoration of the plant stove. Many of them may be
grown in pots, but they take best to teak baskets,
which should be suspended from the rafters, the
pitchers to be allowed to hang down amongst the
plants on the stage beneath. A well grown plant of
this genus is a strong point in a collection of foliage
plants staged for exhibition. J, Douglas.

PERPETUAL FLOWERING
CARNATIONS.

Much as these Carnations have been prized by all
lovers of sweet-scented and handsome flowers, it is
somewhat strange that they are so slow in making
their way into general cultivation, especially now that a
race so much superior to the old varieties in vogue
in times past has come into existence. If their
many desirable properties are taken into account,
it will be seen that there are few winter flowers that
can be cultivated with so much advantage in private
gardens, where flowers are continually in demand
through the winter and early spring. Not the least
of their merits is that, unlike many forced plants,
they never come crowding in in such quantities as to
give a glut for awhile, with a corresponding scarcity
at others ; and the enduring character of the indi-
vidual flowers is not the least that may be said in
their favour. If it should happen that the flowers are
not wanted when they open they will keep for a week
or two, which cannot be said of most things. The
comparatively little space required by a sufficient
number of plants to give a succession of flowers for
months, and the little warmth they need to bring

426

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[OctOBER 4. *884.

Ihem into bloom, are bolh much in their favour ;
added to which, different from winter flowering
Roses, they are liltle sul.ject to the attaclts of
mildew and aphides— the two pests »hich Rose-
growers have ever to contend with. Much of the
disappointment which beginners in the cultivation of
Carnations for winter flowering often experience is
traceable to the plants not getting all the attention
they require during the previous summer, and upon
which so much of their ability to fiower properly
depends. They are not plants that show any neglect
so quickly or decidedly as many things ; hence in the
press of other matters that ever present themselves
during the busy season, such plants often do not get
all they require.

There are two ways of growing them through the
summer— in pots, or planted out in prepared beds,
and in autumn either transferring them to pots or
planting out in the houses or pits where they are to
flower. The planting out method during the summer
has many advantages. So treated they require less
attention, and there is not much danger of their
suffering from want of water ; added to which, with
stock equal in spring the turned out plants will be
much the best by autumn, and strongest, except
where those grown in pots have been over-stimulated
by liquid or artificial manures.

Mr. Howard, of Southgate, has long been one of
the most successful growers of these Carnations. A
good many years back, when living at Balham, at a
lime when comparatively few gardeners took them in
hand, he went largely in for them, and he now grows
and forces them in very large quantities. His largest
house, in which he grows those (or winter flowering,
is about 100 feet long by nearly 30 feet wide. He
now adopts the planling-out system in summer
wholly, finding the advantages that follow in the
ability of the plants to yield a larger crop of fine
flowers. His stock this season has occupied quite
half an acre, and consists of all the best of the old
varieties, with many new ones, including the favourite
yellow and yellow ground sorts. The planting-out
method is followed by the American growers of per-
petual Carnations, with whom they are amongst the
most prized of all forced flowers.

Cuttings that have been put in during the latter end
of summer, and are now well rooted, will be in fine
condition for planling-out next spring. They root
amazingly in good strong holding soil, and make top
growth in proportion. During the summer they
require to have the points of the shoots pinched out,
varying the time this is repeated according to when
the plants are wanted to be in flower. T. B.

GARDEN PALMS.

The publication of a list of the Palms cultivated at
Kew, which accompanied the report on the Royal
gardens for 1SS2, affords a favourable opportunity for
a few notes, bolh descriptive and cultural, on those
.species of Palms which are the most useful in a gar-
den sense. As the Kew collection of Palms com-
prises all, or nearly all, the species that are known to
be in cultivation in European gardens, this list will
prove a valuable aid towards reducing to something
like order the very confused state of the nomenclature
of garden Palms, which is in some cases so hopelessly
mixed as to render it often impossible to know what
Palm is meant by this or that name. That such a
difficulty existed Sir Joseph Hooker pointed out in his
notes which accompanied the list of Kew Palms. He
says : "The compilation of an accurate catalogue of
Palms under cultivation is a matter of great diffi-
culty, owing partly to the impossibility of determin-
ing them till they flower, and partly to the practice
that prevails in the nursery trade of attaching pro-
visional names to seedlings of Palms, which though
unrecognisable as to genus and species when in that
slate, are as full grown plants well known under
older names." It may, therefore, be useful if under
the cultural notes on each genus a list of the species
and their synonyms is added, and as the names
adopted by the Kew authorities for their cultivated
Palms are in accordance wiih the Genera Plantarum,
it may be hoped they will in due course become recog-
nised and used in all nurseries and gardens where
Palms are grown. As pointed out by Sir J. Hooker,
the characters of the foliage of young Palms are in
many cases, totally useless for purposes of distinction,
but in the seeds of a large proportion of the species
there arc good characters by which the specie' miy

be recognised. At Kew, in the museums, there is a
very large and rich collection of Palm seeds, and to
those who are interested in the introduction of seeds
of new Palms, may make use of this collection for
the correct naming of unknown or doubtful kinds.
By submitting the seeds to the Kew authorities
for identification many errors in names might be
avoided, and we might hope in time to see garden
Palms as accurately named, as for instance Orchids
are, which few nurserymen venture to name for
themselves, but submit them to one authority, Prof.
Keichenbach, who has consequently been able to
keep the myriads of Orchids now in cultivation in
admirable order. Even in the case of newly imported
plants of Palms it would be wise to send specimens of
them to Kew for naming.

The number of species enumerated in the ICew
Palm list is 420, and <if these a large proportion are
sufficiently ornamental to become useful as garden
plants. Some of the kinds, such as the Sabals, some
of the Coryphas, and others are not particularly
ornamental until they have attained to a large size, so
that it is only where ample room can be afforded
them that these prove really of service in horticulture.
In the Palm-house at Kew these larger growing Palms
are special features because of their size and noble-
ness of appearance in a mature state. A few others
are so unsatisfactory when under cultivation in this
country as to be scarcely worthy of attention unless it
be from the specialist. With these exceptions almost
all the known Palms are deserving of a place in
gardens— gracefulness of foliage, a noble habit, and in
most cases easy of cultivation, being characteristic of
the Palm family. Many of the species assume a pretty
graceful appearance, even when very young, and
these have become popular for purposes of table-
decoration, and for cultivation in small plant-houses,
as well as for the many other uses for which such
plants are now largely employed. Indeed, it may
be said that Palms are useful in gardens only when in
a juvenile state, the large glass structures necessary for
them when fully developed being too costly to be
other than exceptional.

Palms are nearly all natives of tropical countries,
and therefore require the treatment necessary for stove
plants. In some parts of Southern Europe, where
the temperature is sufficiently warm, and the atmo-
sphere humid, some of them are found to thrive out-
of-doors, but in the more northern countries they
require to be grown under glass. Fortune's Palm
(Chamserops Fortunei), although now and then met
with planted out-of-doors in this country, is not hardy
enough to withstand our winters unprotected, and
even when screened from cold winds and frosts it is
rather as a curiosity than an ornament that it finds a
place outside. Under glass, in a temperate-house,
this Palm assumes a noble appearance. C. humilis,
a native of South Europe, is equally unsatisfactory
when allowed to remain out-of-doors altogether.
Besides a tropical temperature, all Palms seem to
thrive best in an atmosphere well laden with moisture,
and to enjoy plenty of water at the root. It is stated
by Seemann, in his Popular History of Palms, p. 30,
that " the localities in which Palms grow are as diver-
sified as everything else connected with these plants.
While some are closely confined in the holler regions
of the tropics to the shores of the ocean, and are
scarcely able to extend their range beyond the limits
of the sea breeze, others flourish far inland on the tops
of mountains 14,000 feet high, and in the immediate
neighbourhood of perpetual snow ; while some seek
the moisture, shade, and gloom of the virgin forest,
others take up their abode in arid deserts, where
they are exposed to the full influence of the
scorching rays of the equinoctial sun ; while
some luxuriate in swamps, others only live in well-
drained soil." On the preceding page, however,
he states that " the true Palm climate has a me.in
annual temperature of 70° to Si" Fahr." Whatever
may be the natural conditions under which Palms are
found growing, almost every one of those introduced
thrives best in a moist, warm stove, and shaded from
very bright sunshine. The reproduction of the
natural conditions of plant life is so oflen beyond our
means, that any attempt at it too oficn results in
failure, and consequent injury to the plants operated
upon. The cultivation of plants under glass is so
very artificial in its details that it is found better to
rely upon the plant's ability to adapt itself to altered
circumstances than to attempt to copy Nature exactly.
In considering the requirements of Palms we must
perforce be guided by those of other plants along with

which they are to grow ; and so if the usual treatment
for stove plants proves suitable for the majority of in-
troduced Palms, its adoption should be preferable to
treatment of a special kind. Whatever moisture
these plants enjoy under natural conditions they all,
without a single exception, require an abundant supply
under cultivation. The roots should never be allowed
to become dry ; on the contrary, a good soaking at
least once a day is necessary during their most active
growth, whilst in the winter the soil should be kept
always moist. Every one of the species thrives best
in a strong adhesive soil, which should be principally
loam.

It is now and then recommended that, in order to
keep the roots in as small a compass as possible, and
at the same time to afford them sufficient food lo keep
the plant in healthy growth, the roots should be
periodically cut away for several inches all round the
ball and new soil added. Our experience in Palm
cultivation would seem to condemn this [barbarous]
practice as one likely to destroy Palms rather than im-
prove them. Whenever the roots are much interfered
with long sickness and often death are the inevitable
results. From the seedling up to the mature stage we
are always careful to injure the roots aslittle as possible.
If the pot in which a Palm is growing is filled with
roots and the whole of the soil exhausted, then, if it
it is not convenient to remove it into a larger pot,
frequent waterings with liquid manure will be found
suificient to maintain health and growth.

The propagation of Palms is effected only by means
of seeds, although the species of Rhapis and one or
two other kinds which form a number of stems, may
be increased by a division of the stock. Nearly all
Palm seeds will retain their vitality for several month,=,
so that their importation from the most distant
countries may be accomplished without much diffi-
culty. It will be found safest to import the seeds
either in ordinary bags or in boxes without any soil
or moist packing material about them. Ifihey are
kept dry and care has been taken lo collect them only
when ripe and to preserve them from damp, there
is little danger of their failing to germinate on reach-
ing here. They should be sown in pans or boxes,
covering the seeds with soil equal in depth to their
own thickness. A bottom-heat of 80°, or even a
place under the stage in a warm house, should induce
them to germinate in due time.

Some of the species, such as Lodoicea, Nipa, and
several others, require exceptional treatment for Ihe
germination of their seeds, but as it is intended to
treat only of those kinds suitable for general cultiva-
tion, they need not be mentioned here.

Acanthophtxnix, Wendl.— A small genus of Palms,
found only in Mauritius and Bourbon. Like all ihe
Palms which have been introduced from the group of
islands of which Mauritius is one of the principal, the
two species belonging to this genus are exceedingly
ornamental, both when young and when grown into
large plants. They require a very warm and humid
atmosphere at all times of the year, and are impatient
of any disturbance at the root. They thrive best when
allowed plenty of root-room, and if large specimens
are required they should be planted out when they
have attained a height of about 6 feet. When fully
developed they are about 60 feet high, with leaves
from 6 to 12 feet long. The seeds are as large again
as a grain of Wheat, oblong, black when ripe, with
irregular strix running longitudinally from the top to
the bottom. The seed-leaf is split into two divisions,
all the others being pinnate, gracefully curved, the
pinnae clothed on bolh sides with long thin spines, as
also is the leaf-stalk and sheath, the spines on the
latter being long and needle-like. Both species are
more or less glaucous on the under-side of the leaf,
A. crinita more so than the other. They also differ
in the colour of the shealh-spines, A. rubra having
black and A. crinila brown ones.

A. crinita, Wendl. (syn. Areca crinita, Bory and
Hort.j Areca Herbstii, Hort.) — Mauritius and
Bourbon.

A. riilira, Wendl. (Areca rubra, Bory ; Calamus
Verschaffellii, Hort.) — Mauritius and Bourbon.

Acantiiorhiza, Wendl. — Two out of the three culti-
vated species of this genus are generally known in
gardens as Thrinaxes, to which they bear a close
resemblance in habit and foliage. They are, how-
ever, easily separated by Ihe dull green of the upper
surface of the leaf-blade and the glaucous under-sur-
face, by the blade being split down to the rachis, and
by theclusterofspine-like roots which is developed round
Ihe base of the stem, and which grow in an upward

Octoher 4, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

427

direction. The characlers of the seeds are unknown
to me. The plants in the Kew collection are some of
them about 6 feet in height, and have a distinct and
graceful habit. An ordinary stove or warm green-
house suit the Acanlhorhizas.

A. actileata, Wendl. (Chamserops stauracantha,
Thrinax aculeata, Hort.).— Central America.

A. arhrea, Drude (Thrinax arborea, Ilort.) —
Habitat unknown.

A. Moiiiiiii, Wendl. (Chamsrops Mocinni, Kth.)
• — Central America.

Acroaviiia, Mart. — A genus of Palms which has
long held an important place among the useful trees
of the New ^\'or!d, because of the value of the
fruits of several of the species, and especially those
of A. sclerocarpa, from which an oil is obtained,
known in commerce as "Palm-oil," and the sweet
odout of which renders it useful in the manufacture of
toilet soaps. As decorative plants none of them are
worth cultivation, being rather difficult to keep
healthy when young, .and rather too ragged in appear-
ance. The seeds are as large as an Apricot, almost
round, brown when dry, the outer covering or shell
being smooth, shining, and of woody texture. The
stem, leaf-stalks, and sheaths are covered with dark
spines, and the leaf is pinnate, with the pinnx
arranged irregularly along the rachis.

A. lasiospatha. Mart. (" Great Macau Palm.") —
New Grenada, Venezuela, Jamaica.

A. sckrocarpa. Mart. ("Macau Palm ").— Brazil
and West Indies.

Aiphancs, Willd, = Martinesia.
AncislrophyUiin, Mann.— A genus ofseveralspecies
of climbing Palms, natives of West Africa ; of which
A. secundiSorum is in cultivation at Kew. None of
them is of any value for garden purposes.

Arclionlofhanix, Wendl. — Two well known
garden Palms are the only known representatives
of this genus, viz., what are commonly known
as Seaforthia elegans and Ptychosperma Alexandras.
Both these plants are extensively grown in this
country, as well as on the Continent, for decora-
tive work, their robust hardy nature and graceful
habit, even when very young, favouring their em-
ployment for purposes of this kind. Large quantities
of seeds are annually imported both from their native
country, Australia, and from various other tropical
countries in which these Palms have become estab-
lished and produce fruit. In the Palm-house at Kew
there is a specimen of A. Cunninghamii, 45 feet high,
with a fine head of foliage, and which produces
annually a large inflorescence of very ornamental
appearance. Young plants of the two kinds may be
distinguished from each other by the one, A. Cun-
ninghamii, being green on the underside of the
pinnre, whilst A. Alexandra; is distinctly glaucous.
The seeds are a little larger than Peas, round or
slightly hemispherical, with an outer covering re-
sembling mace. The seed-leaf and several of the
youngest leaves are simply divided, or bipartite, those
which follow being pinnate. When large the stem is
smooth and ringed. A. Cunninghamii, W. and D.
(Seaforthia elegans. Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4961 ;
Ptychosperma Cunninghamii, Wendl.), Queensland
and New South Wales ; A. Alexandrae, W. and D.
(Ptychosperma Alexandra, F. Muell., Queensland).

Areca, L. — A large number of the plants known in
gardens as Arecas belong to other genera, the culti-
vated Arecas, at least in English gardens, numbering
only five true species, and of these only the "Betel-
nut " (A. Catechu) is at all common. A. Alicise, a
recent introduction from Australia, is likely to prove
a useful garden Palm, its free habit and graceful
healthy appearance being rather exceptional amongst
true Arecas. All of the species are natives of very
hot moist countries, so that only distinctly tropical
treatment in our houses here proves suitable for them.
A. Catechu is very largely cultivated in the tropics of
the Old World (or the sake of its seeds, which in con-
junction with unslaked lime and the leaves of Chavica
form the celebrated masticatory of the East, called
"betel." They are also used in this country in the
preparation of a tooth powder, and for various medi-
cinal purposes. Under conditions favourable to its
health A. Catechu is said to form the most elegant
Palm in the tropics. Mr. Markham says
{Travels in Peru and India): — "I have seen
Palm trees in the South Sea Islands, in the
forests of South America, and in India ; but of
the whole tribe the Betel-nut Palm is certainly the
most elegant and beautiful." At Kew there are
several handsome young specimens of this species,

Areca seeds are about the size of a Nutmeg, which
they also resemble in the markings of the kernel.
They are enclosed in a fibry covering or husk, which
is pointed at both ends. Seedling leaves bi-partite,
as also are the succeeding ones, ut^til the plant is
several years old, when the leaves split up into several
broad pinna;. The plants form a walking-stick-like
stem at an early age.

A. Aiici.r, F. Muell.— Tropical Australia,

A. Catechu, L. (" Betel-nut Palm ").— Tropical
Asia.

A. concimia, Thw. — Ceylon.

A. glandiformis, Giseke. — Moluccas.

A. triandra, Roxb.— Bengal and Assam. W. IV.

A BRITISH ASSOCIATE ON HIS
TRAVEL.S.

(Continued frjin f. 339.)

Ottawa: Se/<fetnlier i.—l have come over from
Montreal to this " city of palaces " for two days' rest
and botanising, and have been fortunate enough to
get an afternoon's walk with two excellent botanists.
Prof. Macoun, the botanist to the Geological Survey,
and Mr. Fletcher, the sub-librarian to the Parliament
Library and to an English botanist it has been
a rare treat. One of the principal features that
strikes a European botanist in coming to this country
is the great wealth of forest trees in species. These I
will not at present attempt to enumerate. Of Conifers
we have seen, within a mile of the city, Pinus Strobus,
the Hemlock Spruce (Abies canadensis), and the
white Spruce (Abies alba), the American Larch
(Larixamericana), two Junipers (Juniperus communis
and J. virginiana, also known as the Red Cedar), and
one well-known Arbor-vitre (Thuia occidentalis).
This last is a most beautiful feature of the country,
covering the ground with dense thickets, especially
on swampy soil. Of Poplars we have also seen three
species, Populus tremuloides, the American aspen ;
P. grandidentala, and the familiar P. balsamifera.

A magnificent hunting ground was furnished by a
swamp, within a mile of the city, where literally
every step introduced us to some interesting novelty,
even at this time of the year. Here we first saw
Sarracenia purpurea, literally covering the ground in
places. So vivacious are its predatory habits that
the President of the Biological Section suggested it
might have a useful (unction in perceptibly thinning
the mosquitoes. In the spring this swamp must be
literally gorgeous with ericaceous plants, now, of
course, long past blossom. Here were pointed out
to us two Kalmias, glauca and angustifolia, Arcto-
staphyios Uva-ursi, Gaultheria procumbens, Andro-
meda polifolia, Cassandra calyculata. Ledum lati-
folium, Vaccinium canadense, two Cranberries (Oxy-
coccus palustris and macrocarpus), Chiogenes hispi-
dula, with its exqusite snow-white berries, and Pyrola
rotundifolia. There are also two or three Cypripediums,
of which we saw only C. acaule in fruit. Of Ferns,
Osmunda regalis, much smaller and slenderer than
our form ; O. cinnamomea, Pteris aquilina— also
hardly recognisable as our Bracken ; Struthiopteris
germanica, Onoclea sensibJUis, and Lastrea cristata
and thelypteris ; and on the limestone " sctees," at a
short distance, the rare Camptosorus rhizophyllus,
rooting by the ends of its fronds. Of other beautiful
and interesting plants I must not stop to speak, but
cannot omit mentioning the exquisite fumariaceous
climber, Adlumia cirrhosa, scrambling among the
bushes. Of shrubs, Cornuses, Cratsguses, Viburnums
and others abound ; but the collector must beware of
carrying in his hand the extremely poisonous "poison-
ing " Rhus toxicodendron.

Manitoba : September 15.— We are now on our
way back from the Rocky Mountains. I was fortunate
in getting a ticket with the special party of 150, which,
however, dwindled down to about 100, inconsequence
of the inefficient arrangements at starting and rumours
as to the great fatigue of the journey, Those who
persevered are amply repaid by the variety and mag-
nificence of the scenery, and the addition io their
scientific knowledge under the able guidance of Dr.
Selwyn, the head of the Geological Survey, and
Professor Macoun, the botanist to the same, who have
been most indefatigable in adding to the interest and
enjoyment of the trip. The Canadian Pacific Rail-
road Company have also been most munificent in
placing at the disposal of the excursion a special train
of sleeping cars and steamers on Lake Superior, with-
out charge of any kind, and arranging for it to stop

at whatever points of interest were decided on by the
party. The only expense has been for meals, which
cost about (ys. per day. I must, however, confine
myself to the botanical features of the country, and
propose in the present communication to refer to the
distribution of the trees, speaking only of those which
have been actually seen by myself or some other
member of my immediate party, under the guidance of
Professor Macoun. Another communication will be
reserved for the herbaceous plants and edible fruits.
Perhaps the most convenient plan will be to take the
trees under their natural orders ; —

TiliacciC. — The only Canadian Lime is the magni-
ficent Bass-wood, Tilia americana, which disappears
in the west. This is the wood universally used in
America for trunk-m.iking.

Aeeraceic. — The common Maples of Eastern Canada
are the hard Maple or Sugar Maple, Acer saccharinum,
which ceases about 6 miles we^t of Lake Superior ; and
the soft Maple, A. tubrum. In the more hilly districts
we get also A. spicatum, the pink-limbed samara;
of which are very beautiful. A. dasycarpum, the
white or silver Maple, is also not uncommon. From
the Red River westwards the most common species
is the Ash-Maple, Negundo aceroides, so familiar to
us as an ornamental tree. All these species colour
beautifully in the autumn, but we were too early for
the finest effect.

Kosaccic. — The commonest wild Plum is Prunua
americana, with a pleasant sweet fruit. P. virginiana,
known as the Choke Cherry, has its flowers in
racemes, and a very astringent drupe; P. pennsylvanica,
a very acid red fruit, known here as the Bird Cherry ;
P. serolina is the black Cherry, rough but edible, a
large handsome tree, largely used for cabinet work.
The two common Crata;gi, C. coccinea and tomentosa,
I have already mentioned. The common Mountain
Ash is Pyrus americana, very much like ours, but
with rather smaller fruit ; P. arbutifolia, the Choke
Berry, grows especially in swamps. In the west a
very pleasant edible red fruit is obtained from P,
rivularis. Amelanchier canadensis, and our snowy
Medlar, A. Botryapium, are natives of Canada.

Aquifotiaicte, — The only Holly we have seen is
Ilex verticillata, growing in swamps, with ovate
serrate leaves.

Oleacetr. — The common Canadian Ash is Fraxinua
americana, a good-sized tree, of rather more slender
growth than ours. F. sambucifolia, the Black Ash, is
also common in swamps.

Ulmaceir. — The common American Elm, Ulmus
americana, is remarkably different in habit from ours,
more slender, and with more drooping branches. U.
fulva, the Red Elm, is a much smaller tree.

Plataitacce. — The western Plane, Platanus occi-
dentalis—called here the Button-wood, or Syca-
more—is one of the largest trees of the American
forest.

Jug!andacc:c. — The commonWalnut of iheNorthern
States is Juglans nigra : but it does not go far north
in Canada. Easily distingnished from it by its spiny
but also edible fruit is ]. cinerea, the Butter-nut,
seen everywhere in Eastern Canada. Carya alba,
the Hickory, with a sweet edible kernel, is one of
the most remarkable of American trees ; the fruit of
C. amara, the Bitter Nut, is too bitter to be eaten.
None of these so far West.

C uf'U life nr.—Tht commonest Oak of the Northern
States and Canada is the Red Oak, Quercus rubra,
with large handsome leaves and red petioles. A still
larger tree is the White Oak, Q. alba, and equally fine
is the Swamp Oak, Q. bicolor, with a white under-
surface to its leaves. All these Oaks yield valuable
timber. The sweet Chestnut, Castanea vesca, is
indigenous only in the southern districts of Canada.
The American Beech, F. ferruginea, scarcely dilTers
from ours. The Hop Hornbeam, orlronwood, Ostrya
virginica, is a small tree readily distinguished by its
narrowly lanceolate serrrated leaves. The American
Hornbeam, Carpinus americana, also known as the
Blue Beech, is widely distributed through the States
and Eastern Canada.

Betulatc,r.~The Paper Birch, Betula papyracea,
the tree of which the Indian canoes are made, is a
most beautiful tree, sometimes attaining a height of
60 or 70 feet. B. lenta, the Cherry Birch, with dusky
bark, does not extend westward beyond the eastern
shores of Lake Superior. B. pumila is a beautiful
dwarf tree in swamps, of western distribution. In the
Rocky Mountains these are replaced by B. glandulosa.
The common Alder of the swamps is Alnus incana,
with leavts not nearly so dark as ours.

428

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884.

SalicacecE, — I have already spoken of three Poplars,
Populus tremuloides, balsamifera, and grandidentata.
One of the grandest trees of Western Canada, as far
as the foot of the Rocky Mountains, is the Cotton-
wood, P. monilifera, growing chiefly by rivers and
lakes.

Conifci-iz. — The wealth in species of Conifers is one
of the glories of American forests. In Eastern Canada
the most abundant species is the White Spruce, Abies
alba ; next to it come the Black Spruce, Abies nigra ;
the Pitch or Norway Pine, Pinus resinosa ; and the
American Larch, Larix americana. The majestic
Weymouth Pine, P. Strobus, with its magnificent
head, is not uncommon. The fragrant Balsam Fir,
A, balsamea, the source of the well known
Canada Balsam, abounds in swamps ; and in more
hilly rocky situations the beautiful Hemlock
Spruce, A. canadensis, with its graceful Cedar-
like growth. From Lake Superior westwards
we meet with P. Banksiana, a smaller Pine,
with long, spreading, flexible branches. Far west-
wards, in the Rocky Mountains, several new species
present themselves — P. contorta, with a cone very
much like that of P. Banksiana, but almost always
more or less twisted when mature ; P. albicaulis, the
magnificent Douglas Pine, A. Douglasii, P. Engel-
manni, with its remarkable erect, very narrow habit,
which clothes the slopes of the mountains, and a small
Larch, Larix Lyallii, not found below an elevation
of 7000 feet. The Juniper of Canada is Juniperus
communis ; on the Rocky Mountains is a procumbent
variety, J. alpina ; and on the Rocky Mountains we
get also a procumbent variety of the Savin, J. pro-
cumbens. Juniperus virginiana, the Red Cedar,
grows to a considerable height, chiefly in dry, rocky
situations. The swamps in the Northern States and
Canada are covered with thick growths of the beau-
tiful Arbor-vitas, Thuia occidentalis. The true White
Cedar, or Cypress, Cupressus thyoides, is a native
of Canada. A. IV. B.

Ijrrl^ld jjclcs and |)Immn3s,

Orchids at Messrs. Veitch's Nursery, Chel-
sea.— I was fortunate in calling at this nursery the
other day to see the large specimen of Vanda Sander-
iana which flowered in Messrs. Backhouse's nursery at
York. It has passed into the hands of Messrs. Veitch
on its way to America. The flowers were mostly
fading, but when they were in full beauty they must
have been a sight to command admiration. There
were sixty-seven flowers, each of them 4I inches by
4 inches. A remarkable and truly handsome Orchid
in flower is Oncidium Jonesianum, it has very pecu-
liar lanceolate leaves ; the flowers, thirteen on a spike,
are very pretty, and are 2^ inches across, sepals and
petals cream, thickly spotted with reddish-brown ; the
prominent lip is pure white, with a few crimson spots
at the base. What a contrast, too, between the com-
pact little Zygopetalum rostratum with its large hand-
some flowers, remarkable for their pointed heart-
shaped lip, which is white, with a few pink streaks ;
and the very beautiful Z. maxillare in two varieties,
one with the lip rich deep blue, and the other with a
paler lip. These Orchids are very useful to flower
now and later. There are three distinct species of
Miltonias in flower, all of them handsome autumn
flowering species ; themost striking is M. Moreliana —
it is so distinct with its large rich purple flowers.
M. spectabilis is very pretty and freely flowered, the
sepals and petals white with a large purplish and
white lip. Miltonia Ciowesii is distinct from any of
the others in its long spikes, well furnished with
flowers, the sepals and petals yellowish, spotted dark
brown, the ground colour becomes darker as the
flower gets older. Most of the Miltonias grow freely
enough in the Cattleya-house, and the three named are
amongst the best of them. Phalaenopsis violacea is
now finely in flower, and is so distinct and pretty that
no collection should be without it, although it is
surpassed by P. violacea splendens, which is more
richly coloured and quite distinct. Perhaps the finest
specimen in the country of P. Schilleriana is to be
found here ; there are two growths, well furnished
with large thick leathery-looking leaves and throwing
up two flower-spikes. Amongst several forms of
Vanda tricolor, the Chatsworth variety is prominent
by its beautifully spotted sepals and petals ; there is a

large plant of it with a good spike. Aerides
Huttoni is very distinct from any other of this
genus in its peculiarly formed flowers, which are also
placed in a unique way on the spikes ; they are of a
rich purplish-rose colour. A neat little plant beauti-
fully in flower is Cycnoches barbatum; the lip is thickly
studded with fine hairs, the flowers whitish, densely
spotted with maroon-crimson.

There is rather a dearth of Cattleyas in flower at
present. The pale-coloured form of C. labiata is in
flower, also the distinct and beautiful C. speciosissima;
the flowers, large, are of a delicate lilac-rose colour.
C. Wallisi is a gem amongst Cattleyas ; the flowers,
pure white, are of good form and substance, while
the rich orange blotch on the throat is very effective.
C. Eldorado is very desirable, some of the varieties
have a richer orange blotch at the base of the labellum
than others ; it is also very sweet. C. bicolor, dis-
tinct and pretty, with its distinct rich purple lip, and
a variety with a white margin to the lip, is designated
C. bicolor alba. C. devoniana, a hybrid raised by
the firm, is always in flower in September ; it is of
the Lselia elegans type, its sepals and petals brown-
ish, flushed with purple, and the richly coloured pur-
plish lips are very effective. C. gigas is very fine at
this season. Laelias comprise a good form of L. put-
purata and a splendid variety of L. Schilleriana, in
growth and flower so like the best forms of L. elegans ;
the sepals and petals are white, with a handsome crim-
son lip. L. elegans prasiata, one of the dark-sepalled
varieties, is very handsome, the lip rich crimson.
It is interesting to see so many species and varieties
of Cypripedium in flower ; their name is legion.
Of the charming little C. Fairrieanum there are three
plants in flower, doing well in a Cattleya-house tem-
perature. The true C. purpuratum is a distinct
species. The dorsal sepal is white and pointed,
marked with purplish lines ; the lip and lateral sepals
are dark brown. C. cenanthum superbum, remark-
able for its brown spotted dorsal sepal, shaded with
purple, and margined white. C. grande is a noble-
growing plant, the flowers large and striking in form.
C. cardinale, C. Schroederas is certainly the finest
hybrid yet raised. C. Ashburtonise is in the form of
a fine variety ; the upper part of dorsal sepal is pure
white, the lower prettily spotted. The others in
flowers are C. Dominianum, C. calurum, C. Sedeni,
C. Hookerse, C. insigne Maulei, C. Harrisianum, C.
Lawrenceanum, C. selligerum, and the lovely C.
niveum. The above list of Cypripediums in bloom
shows how well adapted they are for decorative pur-
poses at this season of the year, as they are not in the
form of solitary specimens, but in most instaDces in
plenty.

Phaius Robertsii. — Baron von Mueller describes
in'^m^^^ Southern Record dt.jiQvi species, under the
above name. It is a native of New Caledonia, and is
described as lovely. It was discovered by Consul
Layard in one locality only, and a specimen is in culti-
vation in Melbourne under the care of Mr. James
Roberts. The flowers are brownish-yellow streaked
with red. The lip is destitute of spur, and the column
projects beyond the anther. The capsules are freely
produced in cultivation, which leads the author to
infer that insects are not necessary for the fertilisation
of the flower.

Eria Corneri, Rche. f. — A plant of what I take
lobe this species has just flowered at Kew. It is a
rather pretty and neat species, with tetragonous bulbs,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, thin, 5-nerved leaves, and
erect many-flowered racemes of very pale greenish-
white flowers, having the tips of the lips mauve-
purple ; the side lobes of the lip are also faintly
tinted with the same purple. The racemes arise from
the top of the bulbs, just at the outside of the bases
of the two leaves. Professor Reichenbach describes
the plant as coming from Formosa ; the Kew plant
came from Lo-Fau-Shan. N, E. B,

Phaius bicolor. — A a summer-flowering Orchid
for the intermediate-house this Phaius is a useful
addition to the popular P. grandifolius and P. Wal-
lichii. Like these, P. bicolor is very easily grown
and flowered, whereas P. tuberculosus, P. Hurablotii,
and several other species are exceptionally hard to
manage successfully. P. bicolor resembles P. grandi-
folius in habit, in the strength of its bulbs, and in the
form of its flowers. The colour of the flowers is,
however, quite different from that of any other Phaius,
the lip being white, yellow, and deep rose, and the
sepals and petals a brownish-red. In the Orchid-

house at Kew there are several plants of this Phaius,
and one of them has been in flower for several
months, so that in addition to its distinct floral cha-
racter this species has the useful character of flowering
freely and lasting in bloom a much longer time than
any other Phaius. We find it a wise plan to rest the
stronger growing Phaiuses quite as long as is generally
practised for their allies, the Thunias. After a good
rest in a low temperature, by repotting the bulbs in a
strong loamy soil to which a little charcoal and rough
sand has been added, and placing them in a warm
moist house, we find these plants make good strong
growth and seldom fail to produce flowers. Although
old and in a manner despised by some orchidists,
these fine terrestrial Orchids are still worthy of a place
in all Orchid collections. IV. K. R.

Dendrobium Phal.-enopsis.— If we imagine for
the time being the pretty D. bigibbum we obtain a
pretty fair idea of the habit and general appearance
of this conspicuous and showy Orchid. The flower,
however, is several times larger than that, but exhibits
a close affinity in the construction. It comes from
Timor, in the East Indian Archipelago, occupyin;^
the same parallel of latitude as the Torres Straigts,
the home of the latter. The sepals are very pale,
but the large rhomboid-obovate petals are of a warm
rosy-purple, while the labellum is dark purple and
deeply three-lobed. Both are characterised by a
crest or band of papillose hairs on the labellum, but
in D. bigibbum the latter organ is obscurely lobed,
and the petals are transversely oval. The large and
showy petals of the species under consideration,
together with their shape, had doubtless suggested
the specific name. It has been flowering for some
time in the East Indian-house at Kew, and un-
doubtedly calls for consideration as a decided acqui-
sition to a genus long ago numerously represented in
gardens. J, F,

Cattleya Whitei.— a flower of this, taken from
the original plant in his possession, has been for-
warded to us by Holbrook Gaskell, Esq., of Woolton
Wood, near Liverpool, and presents to our view another
botanical puzzle. The plant was found by Mr. While,
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.'s collector, growing on a
tree in company with C. labiata and C. Schilleriana.
In due course it flowered, and proved to be a very
lovely and quite new kind, and as such it was
awarded a First-class Certificate at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society on July 25, 1SS2. The flower before
us has just the aspect one would expect to find in
those of a plant intermediate between C. labiata and
C. Schilleriana, except that in such a plant the floral
segments would be supposed to exhibit more of the
colouring of C. Schilleriana. Our knowledge of
these hybrids, however, proves that they often adhere
closely to the characteristics of one of the parents in
some of their points, not seeming to be affected by
the influence of the other in those particulars. The
petals are of great substance, light rose tinted with
mauve in colour, with a pure white ray extending up
each from the column. Across the expanded petals
the flower measures 6 inches, and they are each
I inch in width. The labellum is 2\ to 3 inches in
length, arched over, as in C. Harnsonice, for the
upper 2 inches, and then expanding into a flat,
almost circular lip about i^ inch in diameter, and
beautifully crimped at the edge. The tubular upper
part of the labellum is white tinged and veined with
rose, throat white veined with orange, the flat, cir-
cular, lower portion of the labellum is bright rose
tinted and lined with mauve. C. Whitei is a most
extraordinary and desirable kind, unlike any other
known Cattleya.

NEW SINGLE DAHLIAS.

Not many years ago any one who had given place
in Iheit garden to a single form of Ibis flower
might have expected to be reminded that he was
making a retrograde movement, for, had not every
one who had turned his attention to the raising of
new varieties, during more than half a century, been
steadily striving all he could to get as far away from
the single form as possible, and had so far succeeded
that it would have been a dilHcult task to have dis-
covered a really single variety if one had ransacked
a whole county in the search. Neither was this to be
wondered at, for not only were the tiorists following
their own ideas of what constituted the perfection of
form in the flower, but in thus striving at a perfectly
globular shape they were simply meeting the demand
of the public, who would have nothing else. True
there always were a few isolated individuals who
voted the Dahlia of the florists a dumpy
flower, which they would not have ; yet for a long
time those who held such notions were so few in
number that they were taken little notice of. But a

October 4, 1S84.]

THR G/l RDENRRS' CHRONICLh

429

change came about, and a few of those who have an
eye for simple beauty, and who look on many double
flowers as flowers spoilt, had the courage to not only
grow single Dahlias, but also to exhibit them ; and
in this, as in a good many other things, fashion turned
round on itself, and, so far as the general public go,
it may be safely said that single Dahlias promise
soon to be looked on with more favour than the
double ones. The greatly increased demand for
flowers for cutting has had a good deal to do with
the change ; few flowers are so inelegant in appear-
ance, or so ill adapted for ordinary cut purposes as
the large double show Dahlias. The small pompon
forms are less objectionable in this way than the
large kinds, but they, in common with all double
flowers, lack the elegance of the single ones.

As might have been expected, the supply of new
varieties has kept up with the demand, considerable
numbers of distinct looking sorts yearly making their
appearance, many of which have been'seen at the lead-
ing shows. But with them, as it ever has been with the
large varieties, everything relating to their merits or
defects cannot be judged by a sight of the flowers
alone, which give no clue to the habit of growth in
the plants, or their freedom of flowering ; both
matters of the first importance in estimating the value
of any particular variety as a decorative plant. The
low-growing, comparatively slender, free-branching
sorts, usually produce double the quantity of flowers
that the taller, more robust-habited varieties will.
Mr. Ware, of the Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
has gone largely into their cultivation, and has raised
many fine varieties ; last year the seedlings occupied
something like 5 or 6 acres.

There is one thing connected with these single
Dahlias that most people are agreed upon, which is,
that the flowers should not attain a large size, the
big, coarse- flowered varieties are quite unsuited for
cutting, and not so eflective on the plants, as what
they gain in individual size they lose in numbers.

The following notes, which were taken at the
Hale Farm Nurseries about the middle of September,
are confined to a description of the new sorts, with
the habit of growth of the plants : —

Admiration. — A distinct-looking, small flower of
the Paragon character, but the outer crimson edge of
the petals is not quite of so vivid a shade as in Para-
gon ; anthers deep golden-yellow ; a dwarf compact
grower and profuse bloomer.

Beauty of Uplands. — Glowing deep scarlet, the
petals tipped with golden-yellow ; flowers not too
large.

' Cctewayo. — Deep blackish-maroon ; a very free
bloomer, of dwarf, bushy habit.

Henry Irving. — Deep plum colour; dwarf, and
exceedingly free ; a beautiful sort.

Indian Yellow. — Yellow shaded with red, medium
in size, broad petals, giving the flower a circular out-
line : a distinct sort ; a somewhat tall grower.

Mrs. Bowman. — This sort has moderate-sized
flowers of a distinct rosy- purple colour, the petals
reflexing a little.

Mrs. Castle. — Lake shaded with rose ; a beautiful
effective sort and a free flowerer.

Silver King. — Flower cinnamon, edged with
lemon-yellow ; a distinct-looking attractive sort, a
medium grower with medium-sized flowers.

Freedom. — This is one of the stellate section, with
narrower segments than the reflexed petalled sorts ;
the colour is scarlet-lake ; a dwarf bushy grower and
free flowerer.

Ingomar. — Flowers star-shaped, bright magenta
in colour, of dwarf habit and very free.

B. Barkway. — A remarkably distinct and effective
variety ; the flowers are of medium size, deep scarlet,
edged with orange-red.

Dr. Moffat.— K good-sized flower, petals broad,
blackish-maroon in colour, edged with crimson ; a
beautiful sort.

Elise. — A dwarf-growing sort, bearing quantities of
flowers, bright scarlet in colour.

Mary Anderson. — Intense orange-scarlet, petals
narrow ; a dwarf grower and profuse bloomer.

Pauline. — A distinct and pleasing sort, with dwarf
bushy habit of growth ; petals mauve, with yellow
base.

Invincible, — A striking variety, with red flowers.

Illustration.— The best of the yellows ; a small-
flowered sort, dwarf, and an immensely free bloomer.

CannelVs Midget. — A very small-flowered sort,
dwarf and bushy in habit ; the flowers are deep
scarlet.

Out of a large number the above were the most
desirable varieties, taking all properties together, but
especially on account of the distinct, effective cha-
racter of the individual flowers and the freedom with
which they were produced. T. B.

DISEASE IN PALMS.

Pestalozzia phcenicis, Vize. — In the Gar-
deners' Chronicle for June 21, 1SS4, p. 799, a short
article is printed on a " Disease of Palms." It is
stated that during the previous summer diff'erent
persons had forwarded plants of Corypha and Phoenix,

FlO. 76. — PESTALOZZIA MACROSHORA, CES.

A fungus which causes disease in Ferns. Enlarged laoo diam.

Fig. 77 —FRAGMENT OP LEAF OF DISEASED PALM :
NAT. SIZE.

FiC. 78.— PESTALOZZIA PHCENICIS, VIZE.

A fungus which causes disease in Palms. Enlarged icoo diam.

the leaves of which were covered with black patches.
The article then states that " Herr Professor De
Bary, of Strasburg, had the kindness to examine
them," and the result of the examination is given.
The Professor saw a fungus, named Pestalozzia, which
he does not name, favouring the inference that the
pest was unknown to him. At the end of the article
the Professor says, "What concerns us most is the
destruction of the fungus ; " but, strange to say, not a
word is printed as to any mode of destruction.

This disease of Palms is perfectly well known in
England, the fungus which causes it was described
eight years ago by the Kev. J. E. Vize, under the
name of Pestalozzia phoinicis, in Grndlkay vol. v.,
p. 14. At fig. 77 we have engraved a fragment of a
leaf of Phoenix showing the disease spots, and at fig.
78, enlarged 1000 diameters, a group of three spores
of the parasite. The spotted leaf speaks for itself,
the spores are very beautiful and remarkable.
Each spore is supported on an extremely slender
transparent stalk, is furnished with four joints or
septa, and so is composed of five cells, the three
central cells being brown, and the upper and lower
quite colourless. The upper cell of each spore is
crowned with from one to five highly attenuated hairs
or setae, as shown ; in rare instances the hairs are
once forked This crest of slender hairs somewhat
resembles the pappus belonging to the seedsof the Dan-
delion and other Composite plants. What the use of
this crest may be is unknown, but it may possibly aid
the distribution of the spores by helping them to sail
in the air, or the threads may get entangled on to the
legs and bodies of insects, and so be readily carried
from one position to another. The three central cells
of each spore are persistent, and each one germinates
and reproduces the Pestalozzia, whilst the basal trans-
parent cell and the upper cell, with its crown of
threads, speedily collapse and perish. The spores
are extremely small in size, and require very powerful
glasses for their magnification ; twenty or thirty of
these minute reproductive bodies would go easily
inside one spore of the fungus of Onion mildew,
Peronospora Schleideniana, Ung.

There is perhaps a shade of doubt as to whether
Pestalozzia phcenicis, Vize, is capable of directly
causing disease in Palms, still the evidence seems to
point in the direction that the pest is really able to do
this.

Professor De Bary says the Palm Pestalozzia is
related to, but not identical with,!', macrocarpa, Ces.
The latter fungus, which is common in the South of
Europe and America, attacks Ferns, and we have
engraved a single spore belonging to it in fig. 76.
A much nearer ally, however, to the Palm Pesta-
lozzia is found in P. Guepini, Desm. ; in this the
spores are very small, though larger than in P. phce-
nicis, Vize ; this pest is often very destructive to
Camellias. Another species, P. funerea, Desm.,
attacks Cypresses ; and P. lignicola, Cke., grows on
chips.

If this injurious Palm fungus is really spreading in
this country, as the original communication to the
Gardeners' Chronicle seems to indicate, gardeners
should be on the look-out for it. As soon as the
bright, dark brown disease spots are seen, the infected
places should be carefully cut away and burnt.
W. G. Smith.

BOUVARDIAS AT ASKE HALL.

From the nature of the pursuit, those engaged
in gardening are liable to become fixed in a kind
of routine course of treating the various plants
they cultivate. Hence it is that when an improved
method of growing any particular kind of plant
happens to be hit upon, it is much longer in
becoming generally adopted than might have been
expected ; thus it is with Bouvardias, which are
amongst the most useful of all plants for the pro-
duction of flowers for cutting, blooming as they do
almost continuously so long as the plants have
strength enough in them, and the temperature they
are kept in is sufficient to induce the development of
flowers. The ordinary way of managing them is to
grow the plants in pots continuously through their
various stages from cuttings onwards, under which
treatment they thrive and bloom fairly ; but, as has
before been urged in our columns, with the best
attention in this way the quantity of flowers they
yield is much less, and the trusses much smaller than
where the plants are turned out in a bed in spring and
grown in this manner through the summer. This is
the way Mr. Letts manages his Bouvardias ; in the
case of old plants that have been forced during the
winter they are headed well back, and as soon as
they have broken into growth are turned out in pits
and frames in beds made up of loam, leaf-mould, sand,
and manure. Comparatively little attention is required
under this method of treatment, as the plants do not
so often need water, and are not liable to get a check
for want of it. In this way each plant produces six or
eight shoots, 15 or iS inches long and nearly as thick

430

THE G'ARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4. 1884.

as an ordinary Cedar pencil, flowering at almost every
joint. They are taken up and potted about the
middle of September, and l^ept a little close and
shaded for a few days until their roots begin to move,
when they are treated as to warmth so as to give a
succession of bloom. Young plants when well rooted
are turned out in this way and subsequently treated
as the older ones. T. Babies.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION,

18S5.

It is intended to hold at the Alexandra Palace next
year an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, Scientific,
Agricultural and Industrial Products. A special
feature will be " The World's Forestry Exhibition,"
under the management of Mr. J. Forsyth Johnson, and
intended " to show forth the Productions of the
Forests of the World, from the Pine Forests of the
Far North to the Palm Forests of the Tropics." The
Exhibition of Forestry comprises the following
classes : —

Class \.— Practical Forestry.
Section i.— Implements and tools used in forestry ;
draining, enclosing and surveying instru-
ments, chains, dendrometers, &c.
2._Models ol foresters' huts, drying sheds,
charcoal kilns, timber slips, sluices,
bridges and weirs.
3. — Plans of river embankments,' rafts and
appliances for floating timber.
„ 4.— Machinery or models for transporting
timber and transplanting trees.
5.— Saw mills, wood-working machinery of
every description, and pulping apparatus
in motion or otherwise.
6.— Fencing materials of all kinds, including
gates and stiles.

Class \\.—Forest Produce, Ra70 and Manufactured.
Section i. Collections of timber specimens and orna-
mental woods : —
A.— Indigenous or naturalised.
B.— Exotic.
2.— Wood used for ordnance, as gun-carri-
ages, &c.
3. —Wood used for railway purposes, natural
or prepared ; carriages, improved wag-
gons, sleepers, &c.
,, 4. — Wood pavements.

5. Cooperage; tubs, barrels, &c., back and

vat makers, &c.
6, — Wood carving and turnery with tools used.
7. — Basket and wicker-work.
8. — Fancy woodwork, including veneers, par-
quetry, bog Oak articles, stained and
coloured woods, &c., bent wood, fret-
work, cabinet-work,

g, Wood eneravin". with samples of wood,

wood letters, &c. _

10.— Bamboos, canes, and reeds, and manufac-
tures therefrom ; clarinettes, basoons,
&c. ; chairs, screens, mats, blinds.
ii._Faiming subst.-inces ; barks, extracts, &c.
12.— Dyeingsubstances; woods, roots, flowers, &c.
11 13.— Barks, including cork ; kamptulicon, virgin
cork, cork cutters,
i_(._Fibre3 and fibrous substances-, strawF,
bonnets, &c.; linen and cotton, mats,
sails, bee-hives, brushes, tents, cocoa-nut
fibre, hemp, flax, &c.
i5,_Malerials for paper manufacture, and speci-
mens of paper.'.
i6._Gums, nsins, and gum elastics ; india-
rubber goods, pouches.
17.— Wood oils and varnishes, including lac of
sorts.
,, i3.— Drugs, foods, spices.

ig, Charjoal for gunpowder, tinder, &c. ; filters,

vegetable charcoal (medicinal), deodo-
risers, &c.
,, 20. — Peat and ils products.

2t.— Cones, seeds, and fruits of trees and shrubs.
,, 22.— Wood used for land and water transport ;
cirriages, cart^, barrows, omnibuses and
cnbs ; yachts, boats, rafts, models of
ships, barges, masts, &c.
23. -Building woods; Pines, Deals, Mahogany,
Sequoia, Oak, &c. ; jjortable houses, con-
servatories, blinds (Venetian), revolving
shutters, &c.
24. — Wood u;ed for surgical appliances, &c. ;
wooden legs and arms, strctcliers, invalid
bedsteads, invalid chairs, ambulance vans,
&c., bed rests.
II 25.— Wood used for fine arts ; pencils, easels,
drawing boards, frames, brackets, &c.

Class m.— Scientific Forestry.
Section I. — Botanical specimens of forest flora.
,, 2. — Microscopic sections of woods.
,, 3. — Parasites; fungi and lichens injurious to
trees.
4.— Edible fungi, in their natural state or pre-
served.
,, 5. — Forest fauna injurious to woods.
,, 6.— Forest entomology— useful and noxious
insects, with specimens illustrative of the
damage done by the latter.
7.^Preserving processes applied to timber.
8.— Specimens and diagrams illustrating the
geological formations adapted to the
growth of trees.
,, 9.— Fossil Plants; collections illustrative of the

trees of the coal measures, &c.
,, 10. — Trees found in bogs, Oak, Fir, &c.

Class IV.— Ornamental Forestry.
I. — Growing specimens of rare and ornamental

trees and shrubs, in tubs or otherwise.
2. — Rustic-work ; arbours, bridges, gates, seats,

&c.
3. — Dried specimens of ornamental objects,

including foliage.
4.— Plans and designs for landscape gardening,

&c.

Section

Section

Class V. — illustrations of Forestry.

I. — Paintings, photographs and drawings of
remarkable or historical trees, foliage
and scenery.

2. — Delineations of trees in their native coun-
tries, or of recent introduction.

3. — Illustrations showing effects of blight, acci-
dent, parasitic growths, or any abnormal
condition.

4. — Sketches of practical work and operation in
the forests.

Class VI. — Forest Literature and History.]

Class VW.^Essays and Reports.

Class VIII. — Loan Collections.

Class IX. — Economic Condition of Foresters and

Woodmen.

Class X. — Miscellaneous.

Diplomas and medals will be given. One-tenth of
the entire receipts for admission to the general exhi-
bition will be set aside for distribution among the
hospitals of London. Intending exhibitors should
apply, for full particulars, to the Secretary, Edgar
Ray, Esq., 19, Queen Victoria Street, E.G.

FOf^ESTI^Y.

Work for Octouer. — Since the fashion, which
of late years has become more popular, of planting
ornamental grounds for "immediate effect" is one
well worthy of extension, the present month may be
considered the busiest in the year with the planter,
for at no other time can the largest and finest speci-
mens be moved with a like amount of success. The
reason of this is that having now sufficiently matured
their growth for this season, trees are better able to
withstand the rough treatment which unavoidably
falls to their lot when being transferred from one
position to another, while the roots still are in a state
of activity, and thus enabled to lay hold of the soil in
their new situation, which the warmth of the earth,
assisted by copious autumn showers, materially assists
them in doing.

The great advantages derived from early autumn
planting are now generally confessed, yet for all this
it is quite wonderful how much of the work of trans-
planting is deferred to the short, chilly days of mid-
winter, or the bitter, parching ones of March, both of
which, more especially the latter, are most detri-
mental to newly transplanted trees and shrubs. Pre-
parations for planting, where not already made,
should at once be set about, and as quickly as pos-
sible brought to a close. These will include fencing,
clearing the ground of rough vegetation, such as
Gorse, Broom, Heath, &c., as well as the laying-out
of roads, and drainage of such portions as is deemed
advisable. Where, however, ground intended for
planting is of a wet, retentive nature, such had much

better be deferred till spring, as the cold, damp soil
is anything but beneficial for the tender rootlets of
newly-transplanted trees. Peat bog is another
example of this kind, which, in but few cases at most,
should never be planted till spring, the antiseptic
qualities of this class of soil being very injurious to
the rootlets of trees, lS:c. Care must be taken not to
remove deciduous plants before their young growth is
fully matured, after which they may be taken up and
laid in, if not at once required, with a good covering
of soil over the roots.

For ordinary planting we have found the greatest
success to follow the use of one-year seedling twice
transplanted Larch, ?.nd two-year Scotch and
Spruce Firs, more especially where these have been
afforded ample room in a moderately rich nursery
border.

As soon as possible nursery stock for the present
season's planting should be selected, and as the
ground gets cleared a heavy top-dressing of well-
rotted manure, leaf-mould, or prepared compost,
should be added, and the soil turned loosely up so as
to receive the full benefit of frosty weather during
winter.

The preparation of seed-beds and sowing of such
seeds as become ripe about this season will also
require attention. Walnuts, acorns. Horse and
Spanish Chestnuts, Hazel Nuts, and various other
seeds should, when they can be well protected, be
sown at once, as the start made in spring far more
than compensates for any little extra trouble in the
way of preventing the depredations of vermin that
may be incurred. Early in the present month, when
the temperature of the earth and air are more equable
than at any other time, cuttings of various kinds —
Laurel, Privet, Dogwood, Poplar, tic. — should be
inserted in previously prepared plots of sandy soil.
Layering may also be attended to, which is a capital
and quick method of getting up a stock of such plants
as are increased in this way.

Seedling Rhododendrons where of sufliclent size,
should be transplanted into a peaty bed, made free
and loose by the addition of sharp sand. This latter
is an adjunct which should never be omitted in soil
intended for the reception of Rhododendrons, more
especially those of tender years. Clearing and hoeing,
where necessary, may still be attended to, gravel
walks in the nursery edged, and everything made as
tidy as time and hands will permit. The cones of
coniferous trees will require attention, and should be
gathered as ihey become ripe ; indeed, those of the
Abies tribe must be collected previous to being ripe,
if not, the scales fall asunder, and the seeds are con-
sequently lost. Collect Birch and Alder seeds, and
have them stored away in a dry, airy loft till required
in spring.

Continue the thinning cf Pine plantations, clearing
out the thinnings and branches as the work proceeds.
When thinning has been performed, clear out all
open drains, and see that they are in proper work-
ing order before the winter rains set in.

Pine branches should not be allowed to remain in
the wood during winter, as they form a perfect nursery
for beetles to hybernate or pass the pupa state in
Ornamental trees, whether in the policy grounds or
alongside woodland drives, should have an open
space cleared around them so as to induce a proper
development of head. Broken or twisted branches,
as well as dead or dying trees, will louk the better
for removal. The latter, it in conspicuous positions,
should be grubbed up, the lurf being previously
taken up, and carefully replaced when the work is
completed.

Hedge trimming, where not already well advanced,
should be pushed on energetically, as the sooner such
work is ofl hand the belter. Prepare ground for the
reception of (^>uicks by a thorough trenching, few
plants being more amenable to good cultivation than
this plant. Early planting is also to be urged, as
when we consider that the Thorn is one of our first
trees to burst into leaf, the necessity of early planting
must at once be admitted. Hedges formed during
the past season will require attention in the way of
clearing, hoeing, and a slight side switching, all of
which will considerably enhance their value ulti-
mately as fences.

As time permits prepare materials for road repair-
ing during the coming winter. Rull grass and gravel
walks, collect leaves, and attend to general tidiness
throughout the policy grounds, and over the estate
generally. A. D. Webster,, Pcnhryn Castle^ North
Waks.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

431

JjioiUq ||El|fl^lt.

OwiNH^ to the unusually fine weather we have
experienced during the past fortnight the flower gar-
den still continues gay and attractive, and, so as to
prolong its beauty as much as possible, the plants
should be left undisturbed for a short time longer,
except such beds as present a shabby appearance, and
these should be immediately cleared, redressed, and
furnished with such plants as are suitable for winter
or spring decoration. A watchful eye should, how-
ever, be kept on the weather, so as not to allow those
plants which are intended for future stock to suffer
from the effects of frost. These, when a convenient
lime arrives, should be carefully taken up, potted,
and placed in a cold frame or moderate heat, accord-
ing to their nature, until they take root, when they
may either be grown on gently to give an early batch
of cuttings for propagation, or stored in a cold-house
or frame through the winter. Should the stock of
plants for next season still be deficient, no time should
be lost in propagating the requisite quantity of all
those kinds which are more properly struck at this
season, and, so as to facilitate the work at this late
period, they should be plunged either in a moderate
hotbed or propagating pit for a few days.

This is an excellent time for the propagation of
Calceolarias, I'ansies, Violets, and all the rest of the
hardy and almost hardy plants which are now used
so liberally in the summer garden. For this purpose
all that is required is a few handlights or a three-light
frame, 3 or 4 inches depth of sandy loam mixed with
a little leaf-mould and sand, which should be trodden
quite firm, and the cuttings inserted. The lights may
be kept close for a few days, removing them, how-
ever, on line mild nights. When they commence to
root air should be given freely at all times, except
when frosty, and in severe weather a little protection
of some kind should be placed over the frames. They
will require no further care till they begin to grow in
the spring, when they should be topped, and
transplanted either into their summer quarters or into
other frames. They generally, however, succeed best
with the former treatment, which enables them to get
well established before hot weather commences, and
although they do at times suffer slightly and become
checked by spring frosts, yet they seldom fail to
break again into free growth, and succeed much
better than they do after being coddled in frames till
May.

. Strict cleanliness should be maintained in the
flower garden at this season by daily attention in
picking over the beds, also in sweeping and rolling
walks and grass, as upon the nice and regular execu-
tion of this work largely depend the beauty and
pleasure to be derived from the garden at this late
season.

The herbaceous garden is now looking particularly
charming and brilliant, and with ordinary care in
tying up straggling growths, clearing off decaying
plants and leaves, and hand-weeding the beds — for,
be it observed, these should never be hoed, forked, or
otherwise disturbed— this garden, with its most
abundant, ever varied, and most brilliant colouring
will continue gay till severe frosts change its appear-
ance. It will continue, however, bright and gay when
all others have succumbed to the fogs and frosts of
autumn. In the mean time, careful notes should be
made of any undesirable irregularities or objec-
tionable combinations which may exist, with the
object of lectifying the same at a convenient season.
The *' rock garden " and the " fernery " should also
now receive some attention, similar to that bestowed
on the herbaceous borders, as amongst these there are
always some tender and somewhat miffy subjects,
which not only require protection from the en-
croachments of their stronger neighbours, but
who also at this time require the friendly protection
of a little leaf-mould, ashes, or dry Fern, to enable
them to weather the storms and frosts which we may
soon expect. The shrubberies may now be thoroughly
rearranged and remodelled by the removal of all
useless, ill-placed, or undesirable plants or trees. In
doing this, care should be taken to give, as far as
practicable, a bold and prominent position to the best
and most rare specimens ; and in arranging the com-
moner or less important kinds, endeavour to give suf-
ficient breadth and character by planting several
plants of one species, rather than intermingle loo
many sorts in an indiscriminate manner, always keep-
ing in view the peculiar habit of growth of each kind,
and the ultimate size to which it is likely to attain.
Do not plant too close so as to form a thicket at once,
but rather allow a sufficient space to enable each plant
to develope its proper shape before forming the com-
plete clump, and before making it necessary for the
praning-knite to be used to keep it within proper
limits, T, S, C.

Late Potatos should, if not already done, be taken
up at once. All those lit lor table should be picked
up first when dry, and stored by themselves in narrow
pits on high ground, if convenient, of from 3 to 4
feet wide, taking care that the base of the pit is suffi-
ciently high that no water can enter ; and if thought
necessary, cut a track around the pit for the purpose
of carrying any moisture away. We find our late
Potatos keep very well placed in lidges under which
some dry Fern is placed, and from 3 to 4 fett high
from the base to the top of the ridge, and covered
first with dry Fern, and subsequently with as many
inches of soil as will keep out the frost. The Fern being
of a light open character, and not so likely to decay
as straw, will admit of the escape of moisture arising
from the massing together of the tubers, and which is
more or less according to the condition of the tubers
at the time of being ridged. This, however, will
have ceased before it will be necessary to add a cover-
ing of soil to the Fern. The Potato ridge should be
covered as the building of the latter is proceeded
with, in order not to expose the tubers intended for
table use longer than is necessary. With those
intended for seed, which should also be pitted, this
does not matter ; indeed, some people expose them
intentionally for that purpose, as the tubers are cal-
culated to keep better.

Ordinary Work. — Any blanks which have taken
place in the ranksof recently planted Cabbages should
be filled up forthwith with plants of the proper
varieties. Look well after grubs, which are very
destructive to the roots of these subjects, their pre-
sence at the roots of the plants being detected by the
sickly appearance of the leaves. Let Celery be well
earthed-up, so that in the event of frost as little of the
stems is exposed as possible, but keep the soil out of
the hearts of the plants. With this object in view it
will be necessary to be provided with a good stock of
dry Fern or other like material, with which to pro-
tect such things as Lettuce, Endive, Celery, &c., from
the frost ; Cauliflowers and Broccolis, too, which are
now coming in should be either lifted and stored
away out of the reach of frost, or have the leaves bent
over the head, which will effectually protect them
from injury from a few degrees of frost. Tomatos,
which are soon injured by frost, should be gathered
as soon as the fruit commences to colour, and be
spread upon the staging or on boards in a late vinery,
or in any moderately warm place, even suspended in
a stokehole.

Where the necessary quantities of herbs have
not already been cut and dried, as recommended
in a previous Calendar, no time should be lost in
doing so, lest the plants get cut down by frost,
that is, if they are not so injured in the meantime.
Beetroots which were planted at the foot of a south
wall in the spring for seeding should now be taken up,
tied together in small quantities, and suspended in a
stokehole or dry shed for a few weeks before having
the seed cleaned out. The collecting of a good stock
of French Beans and Scarlet Runners for seed, and
the placing of them in an early Peach-house, vinery,
or dry shed, to harden before being shelled, should
be seen to without further delay. Peas for this pur-
pose will have been already harvested, labelled, and
put away in the seed-room until required for use.
Chillies growing at the foot of south walls, and which
plants have not yet ripened all their fruits, should be
either taken up carefully with a ball of earth adhering
to their roots, and be potted into suitable sized pots,
watered, and stood in a warm pit to ripen their crops,
or else be tied together by the stems in small quanti-
ties and suspended in a warm airy place to ripen their
fruit.

Frame Ground. — As yet the subjects in this
department have not had the sashes or shutters placed
over them, the nature of the weather being such as
not to necessitate their being covered, but both are in
readiness for placing over the plants. From the time
that plants of this description (Cauliflower, Lettuce,
&c.) are planted in their winter quarters until they
are finally transplanted in the spring, they should have
all the air that it is possible to give them during fine
weather, in order to ensure a sturdy growth, which
will enable them the better to withstand the eff'ects of
winter,

Forcing Department. — French Beans, which
were sown the second week in September, will ere
this have had the points nipped out, and the plants
earthed-up to the rim of the pot. The plants should
be kept near the glass to prevent them from making
a spindly growth, and be syringed overhead morning
and affernoon on sunny days, and a night tempera-
ture of from 55* to 60° will be congenial to the well-
being of the plants. Make another sowing of Cooling's
Ne Plus Ultra, which, as observed in a former paper,
is an excellent early forcing variety, in the manner
described at p. 303, and in quantity according to the
accommodation at command and the demand for
the same in each individual establishment. Tomato
plants, where these are grown for fruiting during the
winter and spring months, whether in pots or planted
in a bed, must have attention in the way of thinning,
stopping, -and training of the shoots and leaves ; Ihe
latter should be kept well within bounds, and the
roots when necessary — that is, when the plants are
swelling their fruits — liberally supplied, especially so
if confined to pots, with tepid weak manure-water.
//, iV, IVarif^ Longford Casilc Gardens.

|m |ai;<t» |i;"it |ard.t«.

Such Pears as Passe Colmar, Duchesse d'Angou-
Icme, Napoleon, Gansel's Bergamot, Thomson's
Duchesse de Bordeaux, Pitmaston Duchess, Brock-
worth Park, Belle Julie, and all other mid-season
Pears, should now be gathered ; also that finest of all
stewing Pears, viz., Catillac, which, from its large
size, ought also to be got in, in case a high wind
comes along, and one wake up some fine morning to
find half of them down ; but the late Pears ought to
hang another fortnight, except, perhaps, the Ne
Plus Meuris, which is apt to shed its fruit pre-
maturely. The same applies to autumn Apples,
such as King of the Pippins, Shepherd's I'ippin,
Stirling Castle, Grenadier, Golden Noble, and
all other kinds which ripen in this and the next
month ; but winter and spring kinds on no account
gather till the end of the month, otherwise they will
shrivel and keep badly ; besides, they are growing
daily — the autumn rain is making them swell in a
most remarkable way.

Once again we would urge the necessity of
keeping the fruit-room dark and the temperature low,
and plenty of air — not exactly a draught, because that
will also tend todefeat the object in view, viz., keeping
the fruit to its longest period. Great mischief is very
often done in fruit- rooms in neglecting to remove
decaying fruit ; it has a very bad influence on fruit
which is sound, and we believe hastens its maturity
and encourages fungus or mould, which is most un-
desirable. Here we have adopted the plan of two
fruit-rooms — one for the mid-season fruit and the
other for the late kinds, which can hardly be too
damp or too cold, provided the frost is kept out, and
we believe this is a better plan, and fruit showing signs
of ripening can be moved onwards, and a few degrees
higher temperature in winter helps the flavour. Take
care to see that the Nuts are stored away from rats and
mice. This is perhaps the best month of all the year
for root-pruning all kinds of trees and bushes which are
barren and unfruitful, and making gross growths of
unripened wood. Various plans are adopted ; some
prune one side of the tree one year, and the other the
year following, but in either case there is but one way,
and that is to consider first the size and age of the
tree. If the tree is, say, a dozen years old, a trench
ought to be dug all round the stem a yard off", and
dig down and even into the subsoil, cutting off every
root with a sharp spade ; and if it is twice that age,
twice the distance from the root may be allowed,
and fill in the soil again, and the operation is com-
pleted. With young trees sometimes it is a good
plan to take them up and replant them, but this
requires great care and securely staking when done.
In that case it would be best to defer till the last
week of this month, when the foliage will be
inclined to fall ; but whether root-pruning or
transplanting is adopted do not delay it till too
late in the auiumn, otherwise the warmih wilt
have left the ground and the tree will not have
time to make fresh roots before the winter sets in,
which is most important. We would caution those who
contemplate this sort of thing to be very cautious with
Cherries ; they are most impatient in having their
roots too freely meddled with, but seeing that they
generally bear pretty freely, that is the very best pre-
ventative against grossness of growth, and by far the
best pruner either for branch or root, viz., a good crop
of ftuil. 7. Knsl, Eridt;c CailU; Sussex.

432

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

r Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms
Monday, Oct. 6 < Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

t Rooms.

(Sale of Collection of Orchids, belonging to
Oscar Lamarche, Esq., at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Harvest Festival at the Crystal Palace
L (five days).

r Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
I Clearance Sale ol Nursery Stock, at Kil-

WK.ONE.DAV. Oc,,.8< "^J^]^^^""- ■"• '■"'■'""■°'
I International Potato Show, at the Crystal
I Palace (three days).
Sale ot Imported and Established Orchids,
Rooms.

Protheroe & Morris'

Thursday, Oct,

{Sale ot Imported ar
at Stevens" Room!
Sale or Bulbs, at
Rooms

Oct 10 I

Saturday,

[ Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe
I & Morns' Rooms.
, Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Oct. II j Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
I Rooms.

FORTUNE does not seem inclined to pour
out her favours too freely upon those
who without professional assistance try to cul-
tivate the more common varieties of the Grape
in comparatively CoOL Vineries ; and yet the
difficulties connected with Vine growing of that
kind are neither numerous nor hard to overcome.
The chief thing is to start fairly with a well
made border, if the staple soil of the garden is
not suitable for the Vine. From our know-
ledge of Vines growing in various parts of the
southern and eastern parts of England it would
appear that the Vine is not quite so particular
as to the component parts of the soil as some
authorities on this matter would have us
believe. Much more important are thorough
drainage and friability or porosity in the soil,
an impervious bottom, so as to keep the
roots within the reach of the sun's heat, liberal
watering during the growing and maturing
periods, and feeding with liquid manure in a
strong form whilst active growth is taking place,
which in Vines growing in cool vineries is dur-
ing the months of June, July, and August. Then
the sun has the greatest power, and is assisting
to empty the Vine border of its moisture by
evaporation, whilst the roots are taking great
quantities for the formation of leaf, shoot, and
bunch. We have known Vines in mountain
vineyards that bear lo lb. to 15 lb. of fruit per
plant year by year, and rarely fail, owing
to the comparative absence of late or
spring frosts, to perfect their fruit ; and yet
these plants grow in many cases on brashy,
shallow soils, and are usually manured only
once in three years. There climate, great heat,
and a long summer do the greater part of the
perfecting process, but here, with our shorter
summer, lesser heat, and accompanying defici-
ency of light, we must add forcing media in the
shape ol a greater abundance of manure, more
water, and the concentrated heat of a glass roof.
Samples of Vine fruit and foliage frequently
come under our notice which lead us to think
that the omission of copious syringing of the
foliage, and want, or insufficiency, of ventilation,
are the causes of most of the ills that amateur's
Vines most frequently suffer from. In many
samples seen thrips and red-spider are ram-
pant, and the foliage so attenuated, and so
sucked out by these pests, that it has ceased to
perform any useful purpose in the economy of
the plant. Now, syringing and a moist atmo-
sphere during all the growing period up to the
colouring ofthe fruit, exceptingduringthe bloom-
ing of the Vines, would keep these insects away
or at any rate greatly mitigate their attacks,
and especially if supplemented by sulphurous
fumes obtained from open pans of flowers of
sulphur mixed in water.

Where the.Vine, perhaps, has the worst chance
is when it is trained overhead in a greenhouse
that has to be kept gay with summer flowers, for
here the free use of the syringe on the Vine
would mean damaged blooms and dis-
figurement of the foliage of the pot plants,
so that it would appear as if these two anta-
gonistic cultures could not be carried on at the
same time in one structure. Wherever any

other Grapes are grown than the hardier Chas-
selas or Sweetwater, Miller's Black or Bur-
gundy, the house must be shut up early in the
afternoon, so as to allow the Vine to benefit by
the additional heat so obtained. As the Vine
is also benefited by a temperature at least 20°
lower than the highest heat obtained during the
day it is essential that the top lights be let
down, or be raised for the night, unless there is
much wind at any time between 8 and 10 o'clock.
This will preclude the growing of greenhouse
plants, properly so called, in the same house ;
but the conditions would not be unsuitable to
many warm-house plants and warm-house
annuals. Of course the best results will be
forthcoming when no plant growing is attempted,
and when Black Hamburghs and a few other
easily ripened varieties are grown, and where,
after the Vines are started by sunheat alone, or
only slightly aided at starting with fire-heat,
they are allowed to grow on with the advantages
solely obtainable by the aid of glass after June.
Under such treatment the produce should be
better than is frequently found to be the case
with amateurs' Vines.

Mr. Bentham.— Surely it wouW be most

appropriate that some memorial of the deceased
botaoist should, subject to the consent ofthe authorities,
be placed in the Royal Herbarium at Kew, to which
he was such a benefactor and in connection with
which bis life-work was for very many years carried on.
Official etiquette would probably preclude any steps
being taken by the authorities at Kew in the matter ;
and, indeed, it is a subject that would more gracefully
and appropriately be dealt with by outsiders. For
our own parts we shall be happy to co-operate in any
scheme to do honour to the memory of one to whom
botany and horticulture are under such wide and deep
obligations.

Scientific Principles of Agriculture.

—Professor Gilbert's inaugural lecture on this sub-
ject before the University of Oxford has been sepa-
rately published by Henry Frowde, Amen Corner,
EC. As it is of great interest to horticulturists they
will be glad to have a fuller account than we were
enabled to give at the time the lecture was delivered.

Count Festetic— We learn that Mr. H.

E. Milner has been entrusted with the laying-out of
Count Festetic's grounds in Hungary. The works
consist of an English park on one side of the palace,
and on the other side the ground is to be treated in the
formal French manner (as at Versailles) with a com-
plete system of waterworks, temples, and architec-
tural adjuncts,

Lord Palmerston, — A correspondent sends

us the following note : — "Apropos of Broadlands, of
which you have a very interesting article in to-day's
Gardeners' Chronicle, let me tell a little incident
which will bring to mind the late owner. Lord
Palmerston, perhaps as forcibly as any anecdote
which has been told of him. When carrying out for
him certain improvements in the Test Valley, having
for their object the amelioration of the ciimate of
Broadlands by drainage, I was walking with his
Lordship in the gardens, and observed that I could
well understand his partiality for the place with the
river running so briskly at its margin, giving, as it
did, a more cheerful character than could be obtained
by any work of man, 'Yes,' he replied, 'you are
quite right, it does ; I have always liked cheerful
places and cheerful people, and water in the land-
scape should be like the eye in the human coun-
tenance— moving and sparkling.' And this poetic
simile was singularly appropriate, for the Test oppo-
site Broadlands has a rapid flow due to a fall in the
river of 8 feet to the mile."

The Horticultural Club.— The mem-
bers of the Horticultural Club, who, owing to the
bankruptcy of the Messrs. Parker, to whom the
house in which they formerly had rooms belonged,
have been obliged to remove, may be congratulated
on having obtained most satisfactory accommodation
at I, Henrietta Street (Covent Garden Hotel), W.C.

"English Botany."— The eighty-seventh

number of the third edition of this standard work has
just been issued by Messrs. George Bell & Sons.

It contains descriptions and figures of the British
Equiseta and Characeje, the revision of the latter
order, as well as the preparation of the plates, having
been entrusted, in consequence of the ill-health of
Dr. Boswell, to Mr. N. E. Brown, who has
executed his task with that thoroughness and
conscientiousness which are characteristic of him.

Antoine's " Bromeliace.-e."- The third

partofHerr F. Antoine's magnificent publication,
devoted to the illustration of the Bromeliaceae, is
before us, containing figures of Vriesia Rodigasiana,
a Brazilian species with strap-shaped entire leaves and
erect loosely branched panicles of yellow flowers. It
was originally figured and described by Professor
Morren, in the Illustralion Horticok, 18S2, t. 467.

Vriesia speciosa.—K native of French Guiana,
also known as Tillandsia splendens, has broad
recurved strap-shaped, obtuse or pointed, chan-
nelled entire green leaves, channelled and marked
with transverse bars of black. The inflorescence is a
tall, erect, flat spike, consisting of overlapping scarlet
bracts from the axils of which yellow flowers are pro-
duced.

Vriesia Barilldi is a species native of Ecuador,
originally described by Professor Morren, with
comparatively few leaves in a tuft, long spreading,
not recurved, strap-shaped obtuse leaves, with a long
acumen. The flower-spike is stalked, flattened,
elliptical, with two rows of crowded overlapping
boat-shaped yellowish bracts, subtending flowers of
the same colour.

Vriesia viminalis, a native of Costa Rica, has
short, broad, entire, strap-shaped leaves, and a cylin-
dric one-sided flower-spike raised on a very long
slender stalk. Bracts crowded, oblong acute, green,
subtending flowers of the same colour.

Vriesia gladiolifera, a species with short, very
broad, oblong, channelled, entire leaves, broader
at the base than at the rounded apex, which is pro-
vided with a short acumen. The flower-spike is
raised on a long stalk, and is itself about 12 inches
long, cylindric, rope-like, with two rows of broad
boat-shaped bracts, and greenish flowers with rounded
segments.

The Power of Rain,— Professor Tait

calculates that the amount of force requisite to convert
I lb. of water from the sea or from moist earth into
vapour is equal to the force exerted during one half-
hour by a horse. This is given out again in the form
of heat as it condenses, and the pound of water
falling as rain would cover a square foot of ground to
the depth of rather less than one-fifth of an inch.
Thus, one-fifth of an inch of rain represents a horse-
power for half an hour on every square foot, or, on a
square mile, about a million horse-power for fourteen
hours. A million horses would barely have standing
room on a square mile.

"The Journal of the Scottish Mete-
orological Society for 1S83," just issued, is full
of information of the greatest value and interest. It
contains a succinct account of the establishment of
the observatory on Ben Nevis and the work already
accomplished there, reports on the meteorological
and biological work done in connection with the
Scottish fisheries and marine stations. In addition
to this there are elaborate records of regular weather
details in all parts of Scotland, and even Iceland and
the Faroe Islands.

"The Fruit Manual."— The publication

of the fifth edition of this very useful work is
announced.

Prunus triloba.— The fruits of this beauti-
ful flowering shrub are figured in a recent number of
the Revue Horticok. They are very small, globose,
and of a yellow colour, reddish next the sun. In the
flower there are usually four or five ovaries visible,
but all these become abortive except one.

Hull Chrysanthemum Society. — The

above Society is strenuously endeavouring to place
itself en rapport with the Chrysanthemum world, and,
if we may judge from the list of money prizes offered
in the various classes, commencing with ,^10 for the
best forty-eight blooms, it will command a goodly
number of exhibitors, and should enjoy a fair portion
of well deserved success. The Chairman is Mr.
George Bohn, son of H. G. Bohn, of Twicken-
ham, one of the oldest Fellows of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

433

-rUlA-

-2f.(5^-— ->

Fig. 79.— polypodium vulgare, var. trichomanoides. (see p. 435.)

434

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 18

Fruits and No Fkuits. — M. CARRifeRE

describes in a recent number of the Revue Horiico'.e
some cases of hypertrophy of the cellular tissue in the
branches of a Pear, such as we have frequently
figured in these columns, and which are interesting
as affording further illustrations of the fact, that what
people call fruit is often not fruit in a botanical sense.
Botanists reserve the term fruit for that which imme-
diately contains the seed. The core of the Apple or
Pear is the true fruit embedded in the overgrown
flower.stalk. The latter often exists without the true
fiuit being formed. So in the Strawberry the true
fruits are the pips embedded in a fleshy prolongation
of the stalk.

Cockscombs. — These once much grown,

but of late years somewhat ridiculed plants, are again
likely to come into favour as summer decorative
objects for the greenhouse and the dwelling- room, the
quaint form, beautiful colour, and enduring qualities,
associated also as the plant is with old flowers that
are now enjoying the sunshine of revival, should
induce amateurs and others to recommence its culture.
A beautiful bank of about forty large plants of a kind
called Empress was exhibited by Messrs. Carter &
Co. at the last meeting at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens, and was much admired. These
were prettily contrasted with a back row of Lilium
lancifolium album and L. Kiatzeri, which set off the
crimson hues of the Cockscombs admirably. The
plant is adapted very well for bedding in such posi-
tions as sub-tropical plants are found to do well in,
and when planted in the middle of June, either in or
out of the pots, are unusually effective if the summer
prove not too wet. For large beds the taller and
smaller combed varieties are best, but for small beds
the best dwarf form is the most suitable.

Philodendron Selloum. — A P.razilian

scandent Aroid with aerial roots and large (I — 2 feet)
ovate hastate, pinnatifid dark shining green leaves ;
green spathes closed below, expanding above to reveal
the cream-coloured under-surface and the thick
spadix of the same colour. The figure in the Botanical
Magazine (September, 1884), tab. 6773, was from a
specimen flowered by Mr. W. H. TiLLETT, of
Sprowston Lodge, Norwich.

The Rainfall. — The following general

results were brought by Mr. Buchan before the
Scottish Meteorological Society, and based on obser-
vations made during twenty-one years, ending 18S0,
at upwards of 600 stations. The smallest rainfall, not
exceeding 24 inches a year, is in the south-east corner
of England, north of the Thames. In Scotland, the
neighbourhood of Kelso and the low ground of East
Lothian have a low rainfall, 24 — 26 inches. Half of
Ireland has a rainfall not exceeding 40 inches, but in
only two places under 30 inches ; where the rainfall
exceeds 40 inches the climate may be considered wet.
Part of the Western Highlands, including Skye, has a
rainfall of 80 inches, as has also part of the English
Lake district, the Snowdon region and the centre of
Dartmoor — elevated plateaus from which valleys
descend in all directions, and high ridges barring the
westerly winds of the Atlantic — are districts where the
greatest rainfall occurs. A large rainfall exists in the
nighbourhood of large firths like those of the Solway
and Severn.

Cereus paucispinus. — A Mexican species

of low statute, with irregular cylindrical green stems
grooved longitudinally, and broken up into blunt
prominences, from ttie apex of which project tufts of
radiating straight spines. The flowers measure about
2,^ inches in diameter, and are of a dark red colour.
The plant is a native of New Mexico, and flowered at
Kew. It may be grown in a cold frame if care be
taken to withhold water at all times except when
growing. Bolanical Magazine, t. 6774, Sept., 1SS4,

WooLHOPE Naturalists' Field Club,

1884. — -The last field day of the year will be held at
Hereford on Thursday, October 16, 1884, for a foray
among the funguses. There will be an exhibition of
funguses in the Museum-room at the Free Library,
and an evening meeting will be held there on Wednes-
day evening, October 15, at S.30 p.m., to name and
study them. The foray will be made on Dinmore Hill.
Members and visitors will leave the Barrs Court Sta-
tion with the 9.25 A.M. train, to reach Dinmore at
9.39 A.M., and will return from Dinmore with the
2.51 P.M. train. A meeting will be held in the Wool-

hope Club-room at the Free Library immediately
after the return to Hereford, to elect the officers for
the ensuing year and to transact the ordinary business
of the Clul). The dinner will take place at the
"Green Dragon" Hotel at 4.30 P.M., when some
edible funguses will be served, cooked from the Club
recipes. An evening reception will be held at the
house of Tnos. Cam, Esq., St. Owen's Street, at
8 P.M., to which he kindly invites all who may be
present at the meeting. After dinner the report of
the deputation appointed on behalf of the Club to
attend the Pomological Congress at Rouen will be
read, also a paper termed " Woolhope Whittlings,"
by Dr. M. C. CoOKE, M.A., &c. The following
papers will also be read at one or other of the evening
meetings : —

" Notes on the Edible Fungi of North Italy," by

A. S, BrcKNELL, Esq,

" On Colour Nomenclature in Fungi," by Henry T,
Wharton, Esq., M.A., &c., 0.von.

" The British Species of Nidularia," by Wm. Phillips,
F.L.S., &c.

" On the Spermogonia of the Uredines," by Charles

B. Plowrigiit.

" Researches into the Oospores of some Fungi," by
the Rev. John E. Vize, M..'^.

" On Bunt " (Tilletia Caries), by Charles B. Plow,
right.

" On Gigantic Fungi," by Dr. M. C, Cooke, M.A.,
&c.

" Hcesces Views on the Lamellas of the Agaricint,"
by the Rev, John E. Vize, M A.

" Some Recent Additions to our Mycological Flora,"
by Wm. Phillips, F.L.S.

And if time permits the subject of " Trinomialism in
Zoology " will be introduced by Henry T. Wharton,
Esq., M.A., Oxon, &c.

Gentlemen intending to be present are requested to
send their names to the Secretary on or before Mon-
day, October 13, that all proper provision may be
made for their comfort, to Theophilus Lane,
Secretary, Broomy Hill, Hereford.

" Herbarium Normals Austro-Africa-

NUM." — Under this title Messrs. MacOwan and
Bolus, of Cape Town, are issuing sets of dried
specimens of South African plants, in bundles con-
taining one hundred species each. The specimens
are well selected, carefully dried, very ample, and
generally well named, the names being in accordance
with Harvey and Sonder's Flora Capensis, so ar as
that goes. As the names will have the advantage of
being checked at the Kew Herbarium, the few errcis
that occur in the naming will doubtless be corrected
in future bundles. No better sets of Cape plants than
these, judging from the set received at Kew, have yet
been distributed, their only deficiency being that the
colour of the flowers is not stated. The localities are
given with great precision, and if the colours were
added with as much care as is bestowed upon the
localities, these sets would be perfect models of what
distributed sets of dried plants ought to be.

Iris tingitana. — A bulbous Iris, native of

Morocco, with linear strap-shaped leaves, large pale
lilac flowers, with a long flower-tube above the
ovary ; the sepals (falls) are whitish, marked with a
yellow blotch, but no beard. Botanical Magazine, t.
6775, September, 1S84.

Pentapterygium serpens. — A Vaccinia-

ceous shrub from the Eastern Himalaya, with a thick
woody rootstock, pendulous hairy branches, with
small ovate-lanceolate leathery leaves and stalked
flowers, with short angular calyces and 5-angled
scarlet flowers. The tuberous root-stock grows
epiphytically among the mosses and Hepaticx of the
limbs of the forest trees. Botanical Magazine, t.
6777, .September, 1S84. Hort, Kew.

Some High-priced Orchids.— Many of the

fine plants in the Dunlop collection of Orchids,
alluded to last week as having been offered for
sale on the 25th ult. at Mr. Stevens' Rooms
by Mr. Kemp, the gardener to the late T. D.
Cunningham Graham, Esq., fetched prices worthy
of being notified in our columns, viz., Co^logyne
cristata, the Chalsworth var., with thirty growths,
£z^ los, ; Cypripedium grande, with two strong
growths, 10 gs. ; Dendrochilum filiforme, that
had had ninety bloom spikes this year, 12 gs. ; a
Cattleya Triana: Massangeana, six flower-spikes, 10
gs. ; Cypripedium selligerum majus, 14J gs. ; Vanda
suavis, about 6 feet high, with three strong growths and

two small ones, 21 gs. ; a fine Cypripedium Domini-
anum, 11 gs. ; C. albo- purpureum, logs.; C. euryan-
drum, 10 gs. ; Ljelia anceps Hillii, 8A gs. ; a splendid
plant of Vanda Lowii, 16 gs. ; V. suavis, Veitch's
variety, a magnificent specimen, which had carried this
year twenty-two flower-spikes, 30gs., and a Manchester
variety of the same species, 17 gs. ; Cattleya inter-
media, with over 100 bulbs, 3t gs. ; an Angrxcum
sesquipedale, fine young plant, brought 15 gs,, and
another, about 4 feet high, iS gs. ; Epidendrum pris-
matocarpum (Veitch), a very fine variety, 15 gs. ; a
fine Cyrabidium eburneum fetched ^^8 lOi. ; and a
C. Lowianum, Russell's var., 11 gs. ; and many
other plants which want of space forbids us to men-
tion brought high figures.

DicHOTRicHiUM tebnatum.— In the con-
struction of the flowers this plant closely simulates,
and is related to, the .Eschynanthus, but the general
appearance is widely different. The large deep green
fleshy leaves bear little resemblance to the smooth
leathery foliage of /Eschynanthus, and the curiously
rooting stems cling to the surface of wood in a similar
manner as Ivy. The deep red or crimson flowers are
somewhat curved, and produced in umbellate cymes
on long axillary peduncles. Like many other members
of this order, the plant refuses to flower except after
making a vigorous vegetative growth. If checked
with cold draughts, or injured with tobacco-smoke,
which they dislike, the visibly formed flowers drop.
A fine specimen, exhibiting its natural character, may
be seen in the Begonia-house at Kew, where it has
lately flowered for the first time. It is comparatively a
recent introduction, and cultivators would find it an
invaluable subject for covering unsightly wooden par-
titions. A plate of it is in preparation for the
Botanical Magazine,

Mineral Waters.— At one time held in

great repute as medical agents, they fell into dis-
repute and neglect. Latterly, however, the ten-
dency has been in an opposite direction, and this may
account for the re-opening of certain chalybeate
springs in the nursery of Messrs. KiNMO.NT & Kidd,
of Canterbury, which have been closed for many
years. We believe the water is strongly impregnated
with iron, and hence should be beneficial in all those
cases where this powerful tonic and alterative is judged
beneficial.

Begonias at the Stanstead Park

Nurseries. — The fine sunny days of autumn have
allowed the flowers of the immense numbers of the
tuberous Begonia grown here to continue to expand,
but the cool nights tend to prevent the blooms from
opening fully, and also bring on decay in the shoots
when these are in the least degree bruised. The
seedling forms which Messrs. Laing & Co. grow in
beds in the open must number, at the lowest estimate,
100,000, and which are nearly all the produce of the
latest fructifications of the finest flowers of 1S83.
Marked improvements from the florists' point of view
can be seen in the brilliant clear and decided tints of
crimson, scarlet, orange-scarlet — this last a great
matter with the hybridisers here, fine canary-yellow
and white, advance being also very marked in
the approach toward an open circular and
horizontally poised flower, so as fit it to
take the place of scarlet Pelargoniums in some
degree in flower-beds. So long as the Begonia
remained the graceful pendulous flower Nature had
formed it, there was a certain unsuitabilily about it
for the above purpose. This has now in these hybrids
been almost obliterated, and we have instead a bold
upright-looking bloom, supported on a stout pedicel,
and well above the foliage of the plant. Several of
these newer hybrids have been shown at the various
large metropolitan shows, always with some distinc-
tions in the way of medals and certificates. There
was an abundance of bloom on these plants in the
open, which fairly put to shame our old friend the
Pelargonium. The colours are so good, and admit of
being used in masses of single colours, and when once
obtained they are so easily dealt with during their
winter rest, when the Pelargonium is a troublesome
plant to keep in health, at the same time that much
room is taken up with the stock, that it will be no won-
der if the latter should have partially to retire from the
first rank as a bedder in places where autumn garden-
ing is the chief feature. The methods adopted at
these nurseries in planting the Begonia have repeatedly
been described in these columns, so that there will be
no need to repeat them here, as no innovations have

October 4, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

435

been made in them, so well does the system answer.
We noticed some pretty seedlings of Canary Bird so
double as to remind us of a small turban Ranunculus.
Whites are likewise making an advance in size and
form, but the pink colour of unopened buds detracts
liom the purity of colour in the mass.

Prunus PissARDt. — The Revue Ilorticole

publishes a coloured figure of the fruit of this purple-
leaved Cherry. It is borne on solitary stalks, de-
pressed, globose, an inch in diameter, reddish.

Anguloa Ruckerii sanguinea. — Out of

an importation of Anguloas from a new district some
very large-flowered and highly coloured forms of this
rare plant are now blooming with Messrs. F. Sander

6 Co., of St. Albans. The fiowers of some of them
are even larger than those of A. Clowesii, and the
habit of the plants is very vigorous. It is expected
that some of the batch will turn out new species.

LiLiUM AURATUM.— At Ley's Wood, Groom-
bridge, the seat of J. W. Temi'LE, Esq. (Mr. Moore-
house, gardener), the Lilium auratums planted some
few years ago by Mr. Moorkhouse have been quite
a feature in themselves this season. Planted in the
borders among the shrubs they seem quite at home,
flowering very freely, and growing to a height of

7 feet 6 inches, and measuring round the bottom of
the stem 2| inches, with from twenty-eight to thirty-
seven flowers to each bulb, the individual flowers
measuring 12 and 13 inches across. What a pity this
popular Lily is not oftener seen in shrubberies, as
they only want the protection of a few ashes during a
severe winter, and in many cases they never get that
and do well.

Seeds of the Current Year.— It may

be of interest to many of our readers to be made
acquainted with the following reports on certain
species and varieties of seeds, which have been sent
us by Messrs. James Carter & Co.:—

Natural Grasses. — Generally satisfactory as to quan-
tity, but after critical examination of many samples of
Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue, Sweet Vernal, Meadow
Fox-tail, Fiorin, Cock's-foot, and Dog's-tail, there are
but a very small percentage exhibiting satisfactory
standards of purity, so that the most reliable qualities
of the above must command high values. There will
be an abundance of lower quality seed upon the market
at_ all ranges of prices. The crop of Hard Fescue,
Sheep's Fescue, Poa pratensis, &c., is excellent, and
finest samples show very satisfactory analysis.

Rye-grasses. — Enghsh crops of Italian Rye-grass have
been secured in fine condition, whilst reports from some
quarters of the Continent speak of considerable damage
by rain. We anticipate, however, a fair average general
output at about last year's quotations. Perennial Rye-
grass is an abundant crop and of excellent quality, and
is offered at prices comparing favourably with those
opening up the 1883-4 season.

Rape. — Is not an extensive acreage, and a brisk home
demand for autumn sowing to make up the deficient
crop of spring feed has tended to keep values very firm
to this date.

Swede and Turnip. — Crops somewhat thin, but har-
vested in splendid condition — present values favourable to
buyers.

Mustard. — A good average crop.

White Clover. — There is a fair average acreage of
English white Clover seed, and it has been harvested
generally in very fine condition. From Germany, the
Netherlands, Hungary, France, and other Continental
sources, reports are very satisfactory, the crop is said to be
large, and the quality quite expected to be up to the
average of previous seasons. Values now exhibit favour-
able comparison with those of 1883-4, but it is not im-
probable that higher prices may be reached when the
actual produce of the year is correctly estimated.

Trefoil is a satisfactory crop both at home and abroad,
and very moderate quotations are made at present for
bright, clean and bold seed.

Styles of Architecture and their

Relation to the Art of Landscape Gardening.
— A course of six lectures on this subject will be given
at the Crystal Palace by Mr. G. Richards Julian,
A.R.I. B. A. The course will comprise a description
of the characteristicse of the various styles of European
architecture, and a short historical sketch of their rise
and fall. The appropriate treatment of terraces,
pavilions, bridges, and other architectural decora-
tions of parks and gardens, will be considered in con-
nection with each style. The lectures will be illus-
tiated by diagrams, and references will be made to

the reproductions and casts in the Architectural Courts
of the Crystal Palace.

White ELEniANT Potato.— A corre-
spondent, Mr. George Lamhert, Oakwood,
Chichester, adds his testimony to that of several
others concerning the prodigious productiveness of
this variety, he having harvested 246 lb. avoirdu-
poise from the eyes taken from I lb. of sets. One
tuber weighed 2 lb. 3 J oz. This ought to prove an
excellent variety to grow for pig feeding, or for
starch-making and distilling purposes.

Rouen Apples Congress.— Dr, Bull, of

Hereford, with other members of the Woolhope
Club, started for this meeting on Monday last. We
understand that Dr. Bull not only took a large
supply of cider and perry in bottles for exhibition,
but between 1400 and 1500 Apples and Pears.

Single Dahlias. — Two lots of these flowers

have been sent us by "D. T. F." and Messrs. Ciieal
& Sons. Those from the first correspondent are good
in colour, but they are rather coarse and large, owing
to which they must droop, as the doubles do ; this
heaviness may be produced by using the biggest
flowers for seed parents : it is a disadvantage and,
we think, a retrogression. Messis. Cheal & .Sons'
fiowers were the reverse of those, the colours good,
flowers only medium in size, and most of them very
handsome — Formosa especially so.

Planera Richardi.— On the lower terrace

of Holme Lacy, Hereford, there is a remarkably fine
specimen of this Elm-like tree, at least 70 feet high.
It is a most distinct forest tree.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Sept. 29, 18S4, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 1 16, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather has been unsettled, squally,
and rainy in the west and north-west, but generally
fair in the southern and eastern parts of Great
Britain, though a few showers have been experienced
from time to time. The temperature has been about
its normal value in Ireland, but over England and
Scotland it has been l" or 2" above it. The highest
of the maxima were registered in most places on the
2Sih, when the thermometer rose to 71" in the " Mid-
land Counties," 72° in " Ireland, N.," and to between
64° and 69° in most other districts. In " Scotland,
N.," however, 59° was the highest reading registered.
The lowest of the minima were recorded generally
on the 29th, and varied from 35° in "England,
S.," and 37° in the "Midland Counties" and
" Ireland, N.," to between 39° and 45° in
most other parts of the kingdom. In the " Channel
Islands" the thermometer did not fall below 52°.
The rainfall has been more than the mean in the
north and west of Scotland and in the north of Ire-
land, but less elsewhere. Bright sunshine has been
less prevalent than it was last week in all except the
Scotch districts, the percentages of possible duration
varying from 18 in " England, S.W.," to 49 in
"Scotland, E." Depressions observed: — During
the whole of this period the barometer has been
highest over France and Germany, and lowest to the
westward and north-westward of our islands. Several
depressions have travelled in a north-easterly direc-
tion outside our extreme western and northern coasts,
and some subsidiary disturbances have passed over
England. The most important depression was that
shown off the north-west of Scotland on the 27th. It
was of considerable depth, and caused the wind,
which had previously only reached the force of a gale
at our extreme western and northern stations, to
increase to a moderate to strong gale from between
south and west in all but the most south-eastern parts
of the kingdom.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Charles

Hewett, lately Foreman at Tortworth, has suc-
ceeded Mr. Greenshields (who is superannuated),
as Head Gardener at Sarsden.— Mr. S. Prangnell,
Gardener to Mrs. May, Laurel Grove, Chelmsford,
has been appointed to succeed Mr. T. Simpson as
Gardener to II. C. Wells, Esq., Broomfield Lodge,
Broomfield, near Chelmsford.— Mr. C. H. Perkins,
lite Foreman at Leweston House, Sherborne, Dorset,
as Head Gardener to C. Hambro, Esq., Milton
Abbey, Blandfotd, Dorset.

POLYPODIUM VULGARE
V. TRICHOMANOIDES.

It may, I think, be safely said that of the many
varieties of our native Polypody, none is so truly
lovely as the above. It would indeed be a must
interesting and instructive study if some one who has
time at his disposal would give us a history of the
numerous varieties which have appeared from time to
time. The first which was found, I believe, was the
Welsh form, Polypodium vulgare var. cambricum,
since which time others have made their appearance
amongst others may be noted the following : — P. v.
cristatum : this is very distinct, being tasselled at the
apices of the frond and pinnules; P. v. bifido-cristatum
is an improvement on the preceding variety ; P. v.
omnilacerum, P. v. semilacerum, P. v. furcatum ;
P. v. Prestoni, a fine sub-variety of P. v. cambricum,
P. v. ramosum, P. v. marginatum, P. v. elegantis-
simum, P. v. cornubiense Whytii, and P. v. Fowleri,
The last named is a close rival with the one specially
under notice, P. v. trichomanoides. It is, however,
so far as I have noticed, more stunted in growth, the
fronds are not so long nor so bushy, and they are more
erect. The fronds of P. v. trichomanoides are
slightly arching, attaining 12 inches or more in length ;
they are highly compound, and every pinnule is so
wonderfully divided and lacerated that, instead of the
usual flat surface, the frond is converted into a
plumose mass of most delicate and charming appear-
ance. Of its origin I know nothing, excepting that
Messrs. Backhouse & Son many years ago bought it
in the South of England. It was then reputed
to be a break from Polypodium vulgare cornubiense
Whytii. With regard to its culture, although the
plant is perfectly hardy and will grow well in the
open air, in shady moist positions, it will also bear a
considerable amount of heat providing it is accom-
panied with a moist atmosphere ; treated in this way
it may be forced into rapid growth. The compost in
which it appears to thrive the best is as follows :
Of good fibrous peat take one half, break this into
rough lumps ; of best fibrous loam one-fourth, treat
this in the same way as the peat, and then mix both
together ; from this extract the very fine, by
using a a-inch mesh sieve; then add one-fourth
chopped sphagnum, white sand, and lumps of
vegetable charcoal : mix the whole together. The
pots should be half filled with clean drainage. In
potting place the plant considerably above the top of
the pot, and mound up to it with compost, making it
very firm. When the plant is growing give abundance
o( moisture. All varieties of Polypodium vulgare are
highly ornamental, and most useful subjects for shady
nooks and corners of rockwork. The fronds, retain-
ing as they do such a vivid green and freshness during
the dullest months of the year, make them even wel-
come as decorative plants for ferneries, greenhouses,
and conservatories. I have seen them grown to good
effect beneath the ordinary plant-stage of a greenhouse,
where they form a pleasant groundwork for the eye to
rest upon, instead of the bare unsightly earth. A'.
Poller,

FLORAL EXHIBITIONS AT

SOUTH KENSINGTON.

A suggestion has been made by more than one
of the exhibitors of those collections of flowers which
have proved so attractive from time to time during the
summer, not only to the Fellows and visitors to the
Royal Horticultural Society's meetings, but also to
the vast numbers of visitors to the National Health
Exhibition, that some tangible memento of the worth
and beauty ol these exhibits, and of their association
with an Exhibition of so important a kind as is the
" Ilealtheries," should be given to the otherwise non-
recompensed exhibitors. Probably not a few readers
will learn with surprise that some of our nursery firms
have been during the summer making brilliant and
really costly displays of flowers at South Kensington
with no other reward than such as may result from
what is perchance an advertisement, though an ex-
pensive one. One large grower, whose displays of
hardy flowers were worthy of all praise and admira-
tion, is reported to have expended ;^ioo in maintain-
ing these displays during the season ; and I can but
hope that a large increase of business may be his
reward. In any case I understand these honor.iry
exhibitors would like to have from the Health Com-
mittee some handsome form of certificate, framed
and glazed, which might be by them preserved as

436

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.

[[October 4, 1884.

a worthy memento of their association with a most
successful national exhibition. Having regard to the
fact that these floral displays have given so much
delight to the Exhibition visitors, I can hardly
imagine that the committee will turn a deaf ear to
this not very exacting suggestion. A. D,

PRINCIPLES OF HORTICUL-
TURE AND AGRICULTURE.

VouNG gardeners living in or near London have
great advantages, as will be seen from the fol-
lowing prospectuses of lectures open to them in
the evenings at very low fees. What the Royal
Horticultural Society ought to do is thus taken up by
otherh ands : —

" City of London College, White Street,
MooRFiELDS, E.G.— Professor Boulger, F.G.S., F.L.S,,
»S:c., will give a series of lectures on the practice and
principles of horticulture, on Wednesdays, from 8 to
9 P.M. The lectures will comprise the consideration of
the following subjects : —

"The dependence of plants upon soil — Natural and
garden soils and manures — The dependence of plants
upon climate — Heat, moisture, altitude and proximity to
the sea in their effects upon plant distribution — The
native countries of our more common cultivated plants —
Artificial heat — Forcing.

"The dependence of horticulture upon vegetable
physiology — Nutrition — Growth and re-production —
Roots and root action — Watering — The functions of the
stems and the formation and ripening of wood— The leaf
— Its absorption and respiration — How to maintain it in
health.

" Checks to growth — Pruning and ringing — Vegetative
reproduction — Natural and artificial — Offsets — Bulbs —
Runners — Suckers — Tubers and proliferous buds —
Dividing the roots— Layers and cuttings — Grafting and
budding — The mutual effects of stock and scion on each
other,

" Flowers, their production and function — Double
flowers— Fertilisation or 'setting seed,' and hybridisa-
tion or 'crossing' — Fruit, its production and ripening —
Seed, its selection and germination — Annuals, biennials
and perennials — Deciduous and evergreen trees.

" The special cultivation of many of our leading vege-
tables, flowers and fruits will be incidentally alluded to ;
but may form the subject of a succeeding course of
lectures.

"The lectures on vegetable morphology and physio-
logy will be given on Wednesday, from 7 to 8 p.m., and
are meant as a sequel to a course on botany and general
biology. It is the advanced stage in subject xvii. of the
Science and Art Department, and includes the botany
for the London B.Sc. examination. It consists mainly
in the life-histories of a succession of representative types
of the vegetable kingdom, which will be treated in
ascending order, viz. : — The morphology and physiology
of Algae — Fungi — Lichens — Characese — Liverworts and
Mosses — Vascular cryptogams — Gymnosperms — Mono-
cotyledons and dicotyledons — including the various
types of floral and fruit structure — Adaptations for
climbing and for fertilisation and the development of
the parts of the flower —The pollen — Ovule— Embryo-
sac— Albumen and embryo. The general principles
of plant distribution — The composition of plants and
their processes of nutrition."

" BiRKBECK Literary and Scientific Institution.
— Lecture and laboratory courses in elementary and
advanced botany and in general and vegeiable biology
will be given by David Houston, F.L.S., F.R.M.S.
during the ensuing session. Instruction is given in the
various subjects by means of lectures, occasional demon-
strations, and systematic work in the laboratory, from
October to May. The classes are in connection with the
Science and Art Department, South Kensington, and are
primarily intended to meet the requirements of the
Department's syllabus, and to prepare candidates for the
Department's examination in May, 1885.

"Lectures and Laboratory Practice in the Principles
of Agriculture will also be given during the ensuing
session at the Institution by David Houston, F.L.S.

" The class instruction comprises a course of about
thirty lectures, mainly upon the elementary facts of
physical science in their relation to agriculture ; together
with such other technical matters of cultural importance
as are set forth in the undergiven syllabus. These
lectures will be delivered every Friday evening from 9 to
10, commencing on Friday, October 3, at 9 o'clock.

" The laboratory instruction comprises a series of
twelve demonstrations in rudimentary chemical techno-
logy as applied to soils, manures, and feeding stuffs, and
in experimental physiology, so far as it concerns the
function of nutrition in animals and plants. The work
will be conducted in the chemical laboratory every alter-
nate Thiu"sday from 7 to'9. A series of demonstrations

will aUo be given of a more advanced nature, comprising
a course of instructions in agricultural chemical analysis,
under the charge of George Challoner, F.C.S., Lec-
turer on Inorganic Chemistry to the Institution, and
intended for students who have already acquired a know-
ledge of chemistry.

" Short Syllabus of Lectures. — How Plants Live and
Grow. — Germination — Dependence of green plants for
their sustenance upon materials in atr and soil — Relation
of structure to function in agricultural plants — Sensi-
tiveness of vegetable organisms to external influences —
Reproduction and development — Struggle for Ufe in field
and meadow land — Decay and death— Origin and
formation of soils — Fertility and barrenness — Plant food
constituents — Exhaustion — Means to effect restoration
of fertility — Importance of drainage, and nature of
losses due to drainage — Improvements of soil by mixing,
liming, and ordinary tillage operations.

Manures. — Farmyard manure considered as a typical
plant food — Artificial and special manures, such as
guano, nitrates, phosphates, lime, potash salts, &c. —
Modes of application.

" Cropping. — Grasses, their universal distribution,
structure, mode of life, and management — Permanent
pastures — Haymaking.

^'Ensilage.

"Distinctive characters of grain, root, and forage
crops — Rotation of crops ; theory and examples of
practice — Hops — Fruit trees : selection and manage-
ment— Plants grown for sake of fibre — Timber trees and
underwood.

" Diseases of Plants.

"How Animals Live and Grow. — Dependence of
animals upon materials elaborated by green plants —
Embryology and development — Influence of food upon
development — Relation of structure to function in
domesticated animals.

"Composition of the animal body — The processes of
nutrition — The constituents of foods, and their respec-
tive duties — Digestibility of foods — Comparative diges-
tive powers in the various classes of domesticated
animals— Comparative nutritive values of different kinds
of food — Relation of food to animal requirements, such
as ordinary growth, or the production of milk or wool
— Production and general management of milk— Butter
and cheese-making — General influence of climate, hous-
ing, nature of food, and quality of water upon health —
Symptoms of age — Relation of food to manure and the
animal producing it — Permanent fertility of natural Soils
dependent upon waste materials and products of decay."

woolton wood, near

LIVERPOOL.

The appearance of the handsome lodge, the even
carriage drive, with its well kept grass borders
planted with rare shrubs and gay flowers, and all the
other evidences of skilful gardening at the entrance
of this fine establishment, belonging to Holbrook
Gaskell, Esq., give the visitor little idea of the
varied beauties soon to be revealed beyond. He is
therefore pleasantly surprised when he finds that
soon the modern garden terminates and the road
lies through a broad expanse of natural woodland as
quiet and peaceful-looking as though it were many
miles away from any habitation. Nothing has been
done to destroy the beauty of the scene which, by
reason of its undulating surface, must have been
always beautiful, but glades have been opened up,
rocky dells planted with Ferns and strong-growing
perennials formed, and informal clumps of Rhodo-
dendrons, planted in such a manner as to aid the
natural carpet of Moss, Bracken, and Heather which
grows beneath the aged trees, in forming a scene of
sylvan beauty. Tradition has it that the trees here,
which are principally Beeches, were planted in the
beginning of the present century by the French
prisoners, who occupied a convalescent camp in the
neighbourhood, the work being ordered to give them
recreation and employment. They must have found
it no easy task, for the greater part of the surface is
hard, brown sandstone, with so little soil amongst
it that many of the old trees have bad a struggle
for life in their younger days, as their fantastic
shapes and the quaint appearance of many of their
great roots which run along the surface bear evidence.
In some cases the roots of the trees have been unable
to branch near the trunks, and in many instances
only two or three main roots appear to have been sent
out, and these are now each half as thick as the trunk,
and run considerable distances over the stones, not
sending out branches until they come to better soil to
feed upon. Mr. Gaskell has utilised the stone by
quarrying it for making the Fern rockery under glass
and the many alpine rockeries, and cleverly turned

the quarries into delightful retreats by planting them
with Ferns, herbaceous perennials. Rhododendrons,
&c., and forming pretty waterfalls and basins in
them.

Continuing through the rising ground the evidence
of the gardener's art again makes itself visible in the
shrubberies which lead up to the handsome Ivy-
covered mansion which stands on high ground and
enjoys a fine view of the country for many miles, the
broad stretch of the Mersey, with a part of Cheshire
beyond it, and further still the hills beyond the
River Dee.

Passing through the flower garden and through
another part of the wood the large structure which is
arranged as a fernery is reached ; here are many fine
specimens of Tree Ferns planted, such as Cyathea
Smithii, C. dealbata, Dicksonia squarrosa, D.
antarctica, the very rare Dicksonia chrysotricha, &c.,
together with Gleichenias and other handsome Ferns
which, being planted out, have gracefully arranged
their frondage around the fountain, and beside the
basin and waterfall. In convenient nooks, too, some
good specimens of rare filmy Ferns are seen, one
great mass of Trichomanes reniforme seeming to be
particularly thriving and happy in its sheltered nook,
and Asparagus plumosus is so strong that it runs up
almost to the ridge. In the rock steps are arranged
which give access to a rocky walk above and com-
mands not only an enchanting view among the tree
Ferns, but also a very extensive one of the country
around. From the roof in this cool place, Mr Davies,
the gardener, suspended his Oncidium Marshallianum,
O. Forbesii, O. crispum, O. varicosum, &c., and they
thrive there and bloom most profusely without in the
least risking the safety of the plants which are always
plump and increasing in size, in some cases in a
remarkable degree, the inch-high bulbs of last year
having sent out very large and stout growths. Grown
in the cold they are but little trouble, as the white
scale never attacks them there.

Outside the conservatory and in some other salient
points very pretty rockeries have been formed during
the last year and planted with those beautiful alpines
which form such lovely objects when they get well
established. Gentians, Androsaces, Campanulas,
delicate Primulas, Linarias and other small things
which act as indicators in the matter of the success of
the general collection are all in a thriving condition ;
and no doubt in a year's time the new rockeries,
and the rock-sheltered rare shrubs will form an
exceedingly pretty picture. Beside the walk leading
down to the glasshouses is Mrs. Gaskell's herbaceous
plant garden, a broad border planted with all those
delightful old-fashioned things which seem dear to
every one. No attempt at arrangement is made, and
but little trouble is taken except to keep the weeds off ;
the plants, therefore, grow and intertwine in a very
pleasing manner, each one seems to regard its neigh-
bour's comfort while doing the very best for itself ; and
thus the tall golden-headed perennial Sunflowers, the
starry white Ox-eye Daisies, and the blue Michalmas
Daisies rear themselves aloft and form protection for
the species of the Pentstemon, Gentians, and other
smaller things beneath them. Mrs. Gaskell's garden
is one of the most interesting spots at Woolton Wood
at all seasons, and it gives more showy flowers
throughout the year than any other part of the garden
— the Lilies, Sunflowers, Pinks, Day Lilies, Harebells,
Wallflowers, Larkspurs, Hollyhocks, Clematis, Irises,
and such-like things each in its turn giving its display
and mingling with each other in such a manner that
the garden is kept showy for nine months in the year,
and interesting for the rest — at present it is a pretty
sight.

The kitchen garden and hothouses now come in
view, for general gardening is well looked after here,
and even this trying season a good crop of Peaches, a
fair one ol Pears and Apples, and a good sprinkling of
all other fruit has been secured. Under glass, too,
the Melons and Cucumbers have done well, and the
long range of vineries still have two of them in bear-
ing, and hardly begun yet to use them. The large
structure in which the Camellias and Oranges are
planted also looks as well as ever, the Lapageria rosea
superba (a very fine variety), L. alba and other
climbers giving a great display of bloom, and the two
arches covered with Lonicera sempervirens in full
flower are objects to remember.

Orchids.— The Orchid-houses come next, and in
them a very fine and rare collection which Mr. Gaskell
has been carefully forming for years is contained. The
plants have done well under Mr. Davies' management,

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

437

and a great deal of flower is always obtained from tbem,
for Orchids are not grown for plants only at Woollon
Wood, but for bloom, and the plants ate required to
do their best in that direction and to carry their
flowers as a rule until they fade. Some of them are
grown mixed with fioe-foHaged plants, and at present
a particularly happy combination of Orchids, Anlhu-
riums, Nepenthes, Kucharis, &c., is to be found in
the large span-roofed warm-house, the Eucharls ama-
zonica and the Anthuriura Andreanura flowers ming-
ling well with the Orchid blooms and those of the
Allamandas and Dipladenias on the roof, the speci-
men Ferns and foliaged plants also adding to the
effect. In this house the varieties of Ccelogyne cris-
tata grow luxuiianlly, and so do the Phaius, Sobra-
lias, Dendrobes, and evergreen Calanthes, one fine
specimen of C. veratrifolia having borne eighteen tall
flower-spikes. Among the Nepenthes, too, a lesson
is to be learnt from the broad thrifty plant of N.
Veitchii (lanala), which is considered so difficult to
grow, but which at Woolton has overspread its pan.
Mr. Davies considers that the reason so many fail with
it is that they grow it in suspended baskets, and that
it should be grown in a pan and placed in a rather
shady spot. Calanthe Veitchii is also marvellously
fine here, the bulbs being I foot to I foot 6 inches in
height, and enough of them is grown to fill a moderate-
sired house when in bloom.

The intermediate-house, span range of three com-
partments, has in the first a fine lot of Laelias, among
them being a grand specimen o( the rare L. autum-
nalis intermedia, many strongly flowering L. autum-
nalis atrorubens (one with thirteen flowers on a spike},
and the numerous forms of L. anceps, including the
white forms, Dawsoni, Hilli, Veitchii, and a great
mass of that distinct-looking new white type intro-
duced by Sander, of St. Albans. The Barkerias,
too, are thriving, and ihey and the Laelias are sending
up plenty of spikes. The second division is devoted
principally to the Chimceras section of Masdevallia,
and resting Trichopilias, theunique Masdevallia Gaskel-
liana being laden with its pretty flowers and buds. The
plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium, too, are very
robust, notwithstanding their having flowered heavily,
and the very hot season. The third division shows
plenty of bloom on some fine plants of Pilumna
fragrans, P. nobilis, Odontoglossum grande, O. Alex-
andrae, O. Pescatorei, 0. Uro-Skinneri, and a quan-
tity of very strong plants of Oncidium varicosum,
some of them bearing flower-spikes with twelve or
thirteen branches. On entering the large span-house
devoted to Saccolabiums, Aerides, &c., the eye is
attracted to a fine plant of Vanda Sanderiana, with
two tall spikes of its large and delicate flowers. This
is one of the most wonderful of Orchids when seen in
any position, but its delicate colours show to much
greater advantage when seen against a background of
foliage, unless, indeed, the bright sunlight can be got
behind it, and then its crystalline appearance is mar-
vellous. Oncidium Lanceanum is growing and
flowering well, the flowers showing great variety in
shape and colouring, the labellums, some of them,
having the narrow part very much attenuated, and
others having it broadened, with violet wings. A
great show of Saccolabiums, Aerides, &c., is promised
in this house, judging from the fine specimens seen,
many of which are rare.

We noticed Aerides falcatum Leonise, A. Schroderii,
A. Rohaneanum, A. Houllettii, A. Veitchianum, A.
Emericii ; and among the sturdy specimens of Pha-
l^enopsis, P. speciosa, P. Schroderii, and P. Stuartiana,
and on one side of the house a rudely strong
batch of large plants of that sweet Odontoglos-
sum Roezlii. The Cattleya -house has Vandas
down the centre, fine healthy plants ; tricolors
of all sorts, suavis, Dalkeith, Patersoni, plani-
labris, Dodgsoni, and all other good ones obtainable ;
and so well do they thrive that Mr. Davis has suc-
ceeded in rooting a 3 feet high rootless cutting of a
a rare kind in about six weeks. The attempt was
forced on him by the piece being forwarded in
the condition described, or the venture would
not have been advisable. Woolton Wood is rich in
Cattleyas, and many of the specimens are unique, such
as the C. Whitei and some of the varieties of C.
Trianae which are peculiar to the place, and their
Cattleyas are very stout and thriving at all times —
so are the many fine masses of Lselia purpurata and
L. elegans, which are grown with them. The end
stage exhibits a rich lot in bloom, made up of some
large masses of Saccolabium guttatum (one with
fourteen flowei-spikes), a quantity of that lovely white

and yellow Dendrobium formosum giganteum with
eight or ten of its huge flowers on a spike, Cattleya
Gaskel liana, C. exoniensis, C. bicolor, and other
pretty things making a very handsome display. The
Odontoglossums give no trouble at Woolton Wood,
and the favourites, O. AIexandr;Tc and O. Pescatorei,
are in great variety mingled with O. polyxanthum,
O. Edithii, O. facetum, O. Cheslcrtoni, O. Ilors-
mani, O. Ruckerianum, O. mulus, O. Wilckeanum,
and the specimen of the singular O. histrionicum
Bellum, and all are doing well ; but it is in the last
house we visited that we find the great triumph of
Mr. Gaskell over the peculiarities of Masdevallia
cultivation. The great specimens of M. Hairyana
varieties, M. Veitchii, M. Davisii (one an immense
flowered form) M. macrura, and all the other good
Masdevallias being up to the very highest standard of
perfection, they being fleshy, green, and unspotted,
and of great flowering capacity. Everything is done
well at Woolton Wood, but the cold-house Orchids
and the Cattleyas are the best, yamcs C Brien.

J40]V1E foRREgPOJSDEJ^CE.

Frames for Tree Pictures. — In the Japanese
section of the Forestry Exhibition is a collection of
" Paintings of useful Trees painted on the same
Wood " in frames which appear to be also formed of
the same wood, judging from the curious frame sur-
rounding the picture of Chamserops excelsa. The
enclosed sketch (fig. 80) gives an idea of these frames,
which though ingenious, are not pretty. The four

Fig 80 -OR^•A^rENTAL panel ok variui-o wouub.

rounded corners are formed of transverse sections of
small stems, the sides are formed of the bark, the
branch is painted on a longitudinal section of wood.
But the same idea might be carried still further, so as
to combine some degree of beauty with specimens of
the bark, and three different sections ot wood. In
this way a picture of any branch or tree might be so
framed as to give specimens of the tangential section
in the mount immediately surrounding it, of trans-
verse sections, with radial sections connecting them,
and with a slightly bevelled border of the bark sur-
rounding all. A sketch of this plan is enclosed.
Japanese frames of bark (or rather of wood about
I inch thick with the bark left on), 2 or 3 inches wide,
are quaint and effective. C. M. Owen.

Opuntia ficus indica, Mill. — Last month I had
occasion to observe on a plant of Opuntia ficus
indica. Mill., which I cultivate in my small garden at
Castello (near Florence), a few examples of monstrous
fruit. Mr. Ernst published on November 23, 1SS2,
in Nature (vol. xxvii., p. 77), a similar case, which he
says he observed for the first time at Caracas (South
America). In that article, which the author illus-
trated with an engraving, he says : — " It is evidently
an instance of non-development of the peduncle, a
special case of the suppression of axile organs (Mas-
ters' Teratology^ p. 393), but I think it throws also
some light on the nature of what is generally taken to
be the pericarp of the Opuntia fruit, which, after all,
seems to be a slightly modified branch, bearing the
ovary of the flower in a cavity on its upper end." In
the latter part of this article I quite agree with
Mr, Ernst ; the teratological case offered us by the
Opuntia ficus indica evidently proves that the inferior

ovary is a true modification of the branch, which is
curved in its upper part. As regards the develop-
ment of the teratological c.ise I am not of Mr. Ernst's
opinion. He sees an evident atrophy of the peduncle,
a suppression of the axile organ ; I, on the contrary,
believe it to be a case of unusual development of the
basilar part of the fruit, or of the peduncle, as
Mr. Ernst calls it ; but here also I may remark that
in the fruit of the Opuntia ficus indica we have no
peduncle, and that from the point of its insertion
on the branch to the very apex of the fruit there is no
difference. It is an oval uniform body, in which I
could not trace any difference between the peduncle
and the fruit. Among the various teratological cases
which I myself have observed, I have found some of
very different dimensions ; some much smaller than
the one cited by Mr. Ernst, and in which the lower
part is of a greenish colour, was elongated {5 per
cent.), and the top widened itself to form the ovary,
which was of the usual shape. In this case Mr,
Ernst might rightly have called it a stalked fruit, as
from its shape and colour the basil.ir part is well
defined. This sample is a true parallel to that which
was described in Nature {I.e.). Mr. Ernst says that
no one had previously observed this teratological case
in the plantations of Opuntia, at Caracas, and that
he has not been able to find any references to
it in his books. Gasparrini, in his observations
" delle gemme del frutto del I'Opuntia " (Royal
Academy of Science of Naples, 1851, vol. vi., p. 8),
had already recorded similar cases. He says, ** that
some of the vegetative branches when they get
to a certain size become floriferous on ceasing their
growth and producing the flower in their upper part,
which produces the fruit plunged in the branch, thus
forming a fruit which is yellow when it has reached
maturity. The seeds are perfectly ripe. Such
branches vary greatly in shape and size, but are
always smaller than the vegetative." With this expla-
nation also I do not quite agree. Mr. Gasparrini*s
assertion, that the vegetative branches having reached
a certain size then stop growing and produce
flowers, would involve the assumption that these
branches up to a certain stage of development,
are organised in the same way as the true vegetative
ones ; while on the contrary, even when quite young
we see them furnished with rudiments of petals as all
floriferous branches are. From my observations I
come to the following conclusions. It is evident
that the fruit of Opuntia is in every case a trans-
formation of the branch. In the above described
teratological cases the branch from the first develope
in the same way as normal floriferous ones, except that
its basa) part increased much more than in the normal
ones, and it is natural if that part of the fruit looks
like vegetative branches. Such teratological cases
are not rare in Italy. In the collection of the Royal
Botanical Museum in Florence there is a normal
sample of Opuntia amylacea similar to that described
which was collected by Mr. Seguenza in the year
1868, near Messina. This year on my plant of
Opuntia ficus indica I have collected six samples,
among which one was identical to that described by
Mr. Ernst, some were less developed, some already
ripe, and others not yet completely developed. The
plant that produced these samples was cultivated in
the open air for four years and is not sheltered by any
wall. In the winter during the night it is covered by
a matting. It measures 14 metres in circumference
and has 360 joints, it produced this year about 130 to
150 fruits which ripened, but which are inferior to the
Sicily ones. Ugolino Mardelli^ Florence^ July^ 18S4,

American Blackberries. — We have great plea-
sure in sending you by parcel post a few bunches
of the American cut-leaved Blackberry. They are
nearly over now, and are not nearly so fine as
we have had them. We have grown several
of the American varieties here, but have found
none to equal this one. Some of them, the Mammoth,
for instance, produce larger fruit, but not nearly so
abundantly. We have not grown the Lowton or the
** Rochelle," as the French call it ; but we believe it
to be quite distinct from the cut-leaved in foliage.
The Blackberry undoubtedly thrives best in a rich
soil, and our experience is that it fruits best in the
shade. We have a plant (from which we are sending
the berries) growing at the north side of a close
wooden 6 feet fence, where it has fruited profusely
for several years. It has this season produced shoots
over 20 feet in length. We consider it well worthy
of a place in every garden, y. C, 6^ Sons.

Helianthus doronicoides. — In the notice of
Asa Gray's J*/ora of North America^ which appears
on p. 340 of the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ it is stated that
H. tuberosus is a synonym of H. doronicoides. I do
not question the statement, but without further
explanation it may cause fresh confusion. The fact
is that the cross-naming which has arisen amongst the
perennial Sunflowers makes it hardly possible for

43§

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOKER 4, 18

botanists fo know what plant is intended by any
name unless the authority for the name is also given.
Dr. Asa Gray himself is not faultless in the matter.
In his Manual of the Botany of the Northern United
States (\^&^(>, fifth edition), p. 258, H. tuberosus is
described as a variety of H. doronicoides, Lam., and
the plant there described as H. doronicoides is one
which goes by the name at Kew, and is a very coarse
plant, with very large leaves and a running root,
flowering very late, which I have rejected as unfit for
a flower garden. On the other hand, we find that
H. doronicoides. Lam., described on p. 279 of Asa
Gray's Synoptical Flora of North America, is quite a
diflerent plant, and it is there stated that it is not the
H. doronicoides of Gray's Manual : and it is also
stated under II. tuberosus that the synonymous
doronicoides is that of Gray's Manual, but not that of
Lamarck. The II. doronicoides oi Lamarck, to which
Asa Gray in this, his most recent work, has given his
sanction as the rightful claimant to the name, is in
fact a very elegant and ornamental garden plant, quite
distinct from any form of II. tuberosiis. I have
grown it for some years, and distributed it largely as
doronicoides, but finding that it did not answer to the
Kew specimens, I questioned the name amongst my
friends, but it seems without sufficient reason. It is
one of the earliest of the genus to flower, and flowers
very freely, and ripens seed in abundance. It ought
to be a commoner plant in herbaceous borders than it
is. According to Asa Gray it is the same plant as is
figured in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 2778, under
the name of II. pubescens, though that plant is
distinct from the II. pubescens of Wahlenberg, which
Asa Gray names H. mollis. This, however, is only
one of many instances of the cross-naming which
makes the .Sunflowers so difficult to identify. C.
Wolley Dod, Ed^c Hall, Malpas, Sept. 18.

Helianthus multiflorus. — "J. S." (p. 238)
does well to draw the attention of your readers to this
invaluable plant, for, as he truly remarks, " from
now to far on into the autumn it becomes smothered
with blossoms." Here it is in grand style at present,
a plant 4 feet in height, bearing over a hundred
flowers. It seems to revel in full sunshine, more
especially where the roots are well supplied with
water. A. D. VV.

Abies lasiocarpa. — This is a species I have
always taken a great interest in, not only from its
intrinsic beauty, but from the varied forms under
which It is found. Though I formerly thought A.
concolor was one of these forms, I now incline to the
opinion that it is a distinct species, chiefly from the
circumstance that the leaves are distributed all round
the branchlets, whereas in A. Lowii they are always
flat and two-rowed. I enclose twigs of A. concolor,
and also two or three of A. Lowii or Parsonsi, which
latter show a remarkable diversity in foliage and
colour. W. F., Isle of Man.

Crute's Patent Concave Flower-Pot.— Having
permitted your correspondents, Mr. J. Matthews,
" Florist " and "A. D.," to criticise my flower-pot
at some considerable length in your last week's issue,
I trust you will generously afford me a little space to
reply to them — especially as in an editorial note on
the correspondence you (evidently under some mis-
apprehension) endorse their views by declaring, from
the woodcut of the " Sutton " flower-pot then before
you, that you considered the two " to be nearly, if not
quite, identical." Without going into all the observa-
tions and assertions of your correspondents, it will be
sufficient i( I say that the gist of their arguments con-
sists in the assertion that 3. concave pot, called the
"Sutton," was made a few years ago at Reading.
This "Sutton," pot is before me, and I can only say
that beyond the fact that the "Sutton" has a high
conical-shaped bottom, and mine a low concave one,
there is no more similarity between them than be-
tween a coft'ee pot and a colander. The chief points
I had in view when designing my flower-pot were
perfect drainage and ventilation, and I am told by
impartial udges that I have succeeded. The de-
signer of the "Sutton" pot aimed at perfecting
exactly the opposite principles, as he clearly proved
by calling his pot a racrz'oir pot. In my humble
opinion he succeeded in carrying out his ideas,
for, the cone not being perforated, with the ex-
ception of the centre hole, an inch or two of
water stood at the bottom of the pot, injuring the
roots of the plant, and the only drainage possible was
by the slow process of percolation, which, knowing
the porous nature of the Reading clay, he thought would
be sufficient. It was quickly discovered that such was
not the case, especially after the pot had been some time
in use. The external and internal channels which
I introduced are in themselves a sufficient improve-
ment to stamp my pot as totally diflerent in structure,
and entirely different in the objects which it was
designed to carry out. I contend therefore that my
pot is quite distinct, and the fact that one or two
others have been constructed having a slight similarity
in one particular feature only, in no way interferes

with my patent. Before writing this reply, I sent my
representative to Reading, who obtained a " Sutton "
pot from the makers, Messrs. Wheeler Bros., and
who also saw the horticultural manager to Messrs.
Sutton — the original designer of the "Sutton" pot,
who courteously gave him every information about it,
and who admitted that the " Sutton " pot, as patented
without holes in the cone, and without channels, in
no way interferes with my right to the patent taken
out by me. James Crute, Langton Lodge, Honor
Oak, Sept. 30.

Piper porphyrophyllum. — It is very remarkable
that such a handsome plant as this is should have
remained in our gardens for so long a time without
having been correctly determined as to its genus before
now, since it is none other than the beautiful stove
climber which Lindley described as Cissus (?) porphy-
rophyllus in the Proceedings of the Horticultural
Society of London, vol. i., p. 225, about a quarter of
a century ago, and which has been grown under that
name here and on the Continent until this day. The
plant is beautifully figured in the Flore des Serres,
t. 1491, and a woodcut of it appeared in the Revue
Horticok, 1883, p. 560, f. no, in both places as
Cissus porphyrophyllus. It was introduced by Mr.
Lobb from the East Indies, the locality not being
given ; it is, however, identical with No. 6643 E
of Wallich's Catalogue, from Penang, which has been
distributed under the erroneous name of Piper nigrum,
and also with No. 4429, Griffith (Kew distribu-
tion), from Malacca, so that the Malay Peninsula is
probably the native habitat of this species. For the
benefit of those who do not know this handsome
foliage plant it may be stated that it is a climber, with
cordate-orbicular shortly cuspidate leaves, 4 — 6 inches
inches long, 3J — 5 inches broad, rich deep bronzy-
green above, beautifully marked with numerous small
pink spots, which are thickly clustered along the course
of the nerves, and a few are scattered between them ;
the under-surface is dull purple. N. E. Brown.

New Vegetables. — Under this heading Mr. J. Per-
kins (p. 30S) mentions Lettuce Continuity from Daniels
Brothers. Allow me to state I have grown the same
this season for trial for the first time. Sown here on
a dry, south border on March II it withstood all the
hot, dry weather when the thermometer was often
1 10° sun-heat for several days. It has been in use
at intervals throughout the summer, and some plants
are growing still (September 22) from the same sow-
ing, and will be coming in for use for some time
longer ; these, after ceasing to grow for a time, com-
menced again after rain. I have never met with any
other Lettuce to stand like this, and think it will be
useful to stand the winter for spring use. \V. Divers,
Wierton.

Seedling Potatos. — There is certainly no more
interesting, and probably no more useful, work done
at the Royal Horticutural Gardens, Chiswick, than
is seen in the annual trials of new or seedling kinds of
Potatos. This year the entire number of kinds
grown for the special attention of the Fruit Com-
mittee and the Seedling Committee of the Inter-
national Potato Show, reached some 160 ; but whilst
some were apparently duplicates of older kinds, very
many were of moderate value, especially when com-
pared with the distinctive and very superior kinds
which met with honours. No doubt many of these
seedlings are mere chance ones ; in fact, the apparent
similarity seen in a number from some one raiser
shows that they are not the product of any well
considered cross. It seems rather unfair that some
raisers should also be so incapable of selecting for them-
selves the best kinds, that they send a score perhaps
of which a couple or so only are meritorious. Others
show more appreciation for what is required of them
by sending only their selected sorts, and under name.
The practice of sending a big lot simply as numbered
seedlings is a nuisance, and not only with Potatos
but with all other things should be rigidly checked.
Those only who have been privileged to lift and
report upon their Potatos can tell how absolutely
needful it is that a very high standard should be set
up — a standard indeed that must rise from year to
year. Not only are all the best kinds as lifted
appraised for their cropping and general excellencies,
but all of sufficient merit are carefully cooked, and
thus made to undergo a stringent test. The result of
the trial by the International Potato Committee will
not be published until the annus! show next month ;
but the awards of the Fruit Committee have been
made known, and, with the exception of Notts
Victor, which hardly differs from Beauty of Hebron,
seem very satisfactory. A. D.

Tuberous Begonias forBedding.— Injustice to
this beautiful family of blooming plants so useful for
the greenhouse or bedding, I would reply to W. J.
Murphy's article in the Gardeners^ Chronicle for
September 20, by saying until he has tried a more
extensive list of varieties than those enumerated, it is
not fair to say that such poor varieties as B, Sedeoi,

Vesuvius, and Paul Masurel, are preferable to newer
and improved varieties. Has he tried Graham Bell,
J. W. Ferrand, J. Backhouse, Admiration, Sir II,
Stanhope, Stanstead Rival, or A. Lequin ? All these
were this year sufficient to satisfy the most fastidious
— I might add a very much longer list. Fairptay.
[We should be very pleased to have the opinions of
other cultivators in Great Britain as to the behaviour
of this beautiful genus in all kinds of positions. For
our own part, we can speak most favourably of some
of Messrs. Laing's seedlings, the colour, size of flower,
and free-flowering quality being even now remark-
able. Ed.]

Apples. — There is probably no land in the county
of Middlesex which can more fitly replace to the
market garden interest the filched deep loam of
Fulham, than is found in the districts which extend
from the Bath Road at Hammersmith to West Dray-
ton. Specially fertile is the soil about Sipson, which
lies midway between these places, and for some time
has the bulk of it been utilised by enterprising market
growers, so that it presents both in its fruit trees and
bushes, and in its vegetable produce, evidences of
high-class culture, such as may well compare with
market produce in any portion of the metropolitan dis-
trict. That this district lies some 16 miles from Covent
Garden Market shows how widespread around the
metropolis are the market gardens which assist to
feed its people. Here in this locality but a few days
since might have been seen on some fine breadths of
young trees, probably ten years planted, what must
be called for the season truly fine crops of Manx Cod-
lin and Cox's Orange Pippins — the fruit of the former
large and high-coloured — studding the trees almost
like balls of gold. Why just here and there almost
only such crops should be found it is difficult to show,
but the near neighbourhood of tall Elm trees might
have something to do with the phenomenon. Not
only is cultivation in this district of the best, but
throughout there is evidence of prosperity and com-
fort that is pleasant to look upon. B. D.

Zonal Pelargoniums, — The present is a good
lime to cut down these plants, and then when they
have made half an inch of new growth they may be
shaken out of the exhausted soil and disrooted. Dis-
rooting is a real advantage to cut down plants, first,
because the young roots that issue from the old
roots are endowed with more vigour than the old
fibres ; and secondly, because by reducing the mass of
roots more nutriment can be stowed away in the pot
for the use of the plant than could be the case, unless
pots of an unwieldy size were used and in which the
plants would not make such compact growth, nor
flower so well. After being potted the plant should
be placed in a frame or pit and be kept close for a
week and slightly shaded when found necessary until
new roots are formed, when more air and light may
be gradually allowed. B.

Schizophyllum commune (Fr.).— To the locali-
ties in Britain in which this rare fungus has been found
I would add Mattishall in Norfolk, where I found it
in 1879, in a Cucumber-house. 7- M. Du Port.

Cabbages.— One of the instructing sights at the
Fruit Show at South Kensington last week was to my
idea the grand display of Cabbage — about forty kinds
— put together by Messrs. Carter & Co., of London.
Gardeners from the country could there compare
some of their favourite kinds they h.ad been growing
for many years with others of quite recent introduction.
There were several of Carter's selected varieties, as
Beef-heart, Drumhead, Heartwell Early, White Prize-
taker, Feldkraut — this last the sort from which sauer-
kraut is usually made ; St. John's Day, Sugar-
loaf, and Dwarf York. This nutritious vegetable
is not so sorely tried by hot weather as are
other varieties of garden crops, and those shown by
the above-named firm firm, did not seem to have been
affected by the late hot and dry season. I am not
sure in our animal economy, if we could not better do
without our much extolled Potato rather easier than
the Cabbage ; at any rate the latter contains chemical
ingredients in abundance that are almost absent from
the former, and which the human body really needs to
build up healthy tissue. .V.

Tomato Hackwood Park Prolific. — I can fully
endorse all that " T. B. T." (p. 406) says in favour
of Hackwood Park Prolific Tomato, which stands out
conspicuously among all others, not only lor its re-
markably free fruiting habit, but for large size and
appearance. We have it here good, but I saw it a
week or so back at Birkfield, near Ipswich, even
better, as there Mr. W. Sheppard, gr. to E. Packard,
Esq., has a row of it along the front of a Vine border,
where the plants are trained to stakes and rails put up
to form a trellis lor them, and from top to bottom they
are literally laden with fine fruit, hanging in clusters
or strings, varying from five to eight or nine, or more,
on a stem, thus forming quite racemose bunches.
It must, therefore, be a free setter, and will on that

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

439

account, as well as (or its excellence, be valuable for
forcing or growing under glass, where almost every
one who has a gardener now cultivates the Tomato.
I would just remark here, that ihey strike so freely
from cuttings, and bear so much quicker and beller
when raised in that way, that it is quite worth while
propagating by that mode any that are required,
especially ior winter, as the plants so raised grow
less rampant, and soon come into bloom. J. S.

Helianthus cucumerifolius.— This annual Sun-
flower, so named by Torrcy and Gray from the
resemblance of its leaves to those of the Cucuiuber, is
now described by Asa Gray as a variety of II. debilis
of Nutlall. It is said to frequent sandy soils, often in
woods, in Texas. It was introduced by Mr. W.
Thompson, of Ipswich, about four years ago. Its
bright yellow flowers, more than 3 inches across,
with brrad black centres, and its broad branching
habit, make it a very ornamental annual, growirg
from 4 to 5 feet high, and nearly as much across,
where it has room for development. It has before
been noticed in these pages, but I mention it again to
draw attention to the readiness with which it forms
hybrids with species of perennial Sunflower. If the
flowers are dusted with the pollen of them, or of
Helianthus annuus, the seed produces plarits retaining
the characters ol the seed parent in habit, and leaf,
and spotted stem, but the flowers simulate all the
pollen parents, being hardly distinguishable, some
from those of H. giganteus, others from those of II.
decapetalus, or of H. doronicoides. This tendency
to form hybrids, which has not been thought common
in Composite flowers, I have noticed also in some of
the Asters, nondescript characters coming up amongst
them in the borders. This no doubt much increases
the difficulty of naming garden specimens in this
already difficult genus. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall,
Malpas, Sept. 27.

Dahlias.— Whilst these beautiful autumn flowers
are just now so much with us, and objects of interest
and discussion, I would like to suggest to raisers in a
large way of single kinds that any tendency on the
part ol the seedlings to produce blooms having petals
other than the usual ring of flat ones should be cross-
fertilised with the object of securing, if possible, a
race ol semi-double or double flat-petalled flowers.
Until recently, when the fondness for the single forms
became general, the efforts of raisers seem to have been
devoted to the production of blooms only, which pro-
duced quilled or fluted florets. Hence the intense
formality and rotundity of the flowers, which to
many are their worst features. I have seen in
some single Dahlia blooms this tendency to con-
vert tubular into flat florets into petals to which
I have referred, but not sufiiciently developed
to be able to say whether these promised to be-
come flat, like the outer florets, or fluted, as is
the case with all double ones. If the fluted floret
is the order of Nature then it seems little use fighting
against it, but I do not think that can be, because in
the double Dahlia of every kind the outer florets are
fluted, whilst with the singles they are always flat.
For that reason I would infer that single forms will
produce flat florets throughout the flower even when
no longer single. It may well be asked. Why wish
to destroy the beautiful single forms ?— but the
reply is that no such destruction is proposed.
I only suggest the creation of yet another section
from out of the single class, and the which, whilst of
necessity very effective flowers under any circum-
stances, would be specially enduring in a cut state.
The lack of endurance is the chief objection to the
singles now, but the more the petals are increased the
greater would be the enduring properties of the
flowers. Apart from those considerations there is no
telling how beautiful a race of flat-floretted Dahlias
might not be created. A. D.

large quantities are grown, and the balls are packed
closely together, and are then placed in a close moist
heat, under double glass if possible. If under single
glass they must be sprinkled twice a day, and shaded
from the sun till they begin to grow, when air must
be admiiteil very gr.adually until they are hardened
oil and lit to stand in a shady pl.ice until (Jclober.

GRAFTING RHODODENDRONS.

The chief points to be attended to in grafting these
plants, are to have healthy stocks, and to give proper
treatment after grafting. The stocks should be raised
from seed, and should be at least four years old before
being taken up and potted for grafting purposes. If
the plants are taken up out of the beds, in which they
have stood pricked out two years, they can be grafted
in January, February, and March ; and for a cold
frame the operation may extend into April, but in
that case the grafts should have been taken off by the
end of February and stuck in under a band-glass, be-
hind a north wall or in a some shady place.

Those worked in heat may be grafted either saddle
or wedge-fashion, but saddle grafting (fig. 83) is the
best, and makes the strongest union. The graft
should not be quite so large as the stock, so as to
leave room to make a good callus. The wedge
grafting (fig. 82) is for using small bits of choice
sorts. Shallow boxes are sometimes used where

The grafting may be done under a bell-glass in a
cool close pit, but they must always be attended to as
above.

Another method is to graft in August. This must
be side grafting (fig. 81), and the plants so done

Fig 8j.

should be kept under glass all the winter in pots, and
should not be headed back until the stocks have
begun to grow, when the young growths should be
stopped back until the graft begins to shoot : the
stock can then be headed back. The accompanying
illustrations are taken from an article by Mr. Standish
in a former volume.

Iloiliata' floujiirs.

The Auricula.— Potting ought to be finished by
this time, but we still have a few small plants that
will be the better for being repotted, and they will
be done this month. Some years ago a few plants
were potted in our collection about the end of Octo-
ber, and they turned out to be the best at bloom-
ing time. Some of the later seedlings will be
repotted up to the end of the month, if the weather
continues favourable. The established plants must
be kept rather dry at the roots ; much moisture
during mild weather promotes growth, and with the
growth autumn trusses are produced. It is too late
now to take off and propagate offsets, unless they are
strong and well rooted ; as a rule it is better to allow
them to remain on the plants until the month o
February, when they can be taken off, and they w il
be more likely to do well than at any other time o
the year. There is great danger of the more delicate
plants being injured by the decaying leaves in cold,
damp weather ; they ought, therefore, to be carefully
removed at least once in two weeks ; at the same
time any greenfly may be removed with a soft brush.
In the open borders or in the rock garden the alpine
varieties are apt to get covered with damp, decayed
tree leaves, and any other decaying leaves, weeds,
&c., should be removed, so that everything may be
clean and neat. Decaying leaves remind us of the
dying year, and it may be as well that such remem-
brances are kept out of sight.

The Carnation and Picotee.— October is the
month during which the plants must be potted off.
By this time most of the layers are well rooted ; they
should, therefore, be carefully detached from the
parent plants, and one large or two small plants
should be repotted into 6o-sized pots. They may then
be removed into a cold frame for the winter, the lights
of which must be kept rather close over the plants
until they are established in the pots. If there should
be any greenfly upon them, it may be easily killed by
dipping the plants in soft-soapy water. Established
plants in the open border should have a large propor-
tion of the layers removed ; some rich compost ought
to be pressed into the spaces from whence they were
taken, and they will require no further attention. Old
plants treated in this way may remain in the same
position for several years ; the surplus plants can be
planted elsewhere or be given away.

Tree Carnations are now valuable, inasmuch that
they produce quantities of bloom, and they will con-
tinue to do so all through the winter and spring
months. The later propagated plants still in small
pots may be repotted into larger ones, the plants,
after potting, to be placed in a greenhouse tempera-
ture, where they ought to get plenty of air and light.
As the days become shorter and the nights colder,
with the usual abundant moisture in the air at that
time, they will require artificial heat to keep the air
warmer and drier. If a house can be spared for
Bouvardias, zonal Pelargoniums, and Tree Carna-
tions, the three make a charming display during the
winter months.

The Dahlia.- -The recent dry and warm weather
has been very favourable for a late bloom. Our own
plants were nearly out of bloom, at the time of the
Crystal Palace Dahlia show. They made a new
growth after that, and, if weather permits, will flower
well during the whole of this month. The pompon
varieties are yet a mass of bloom, although quantities
are cut almost every day. It cannot be expected that
they will be much longer permitted to be useful, as
frosts may soon be expected to destroy both flowers
and foliage ; as soon as this happens the plants may
be taken up, after the stems have been cut over
6 inches above the ground. Turn them upside down
for an hour or two to allow all the water to drain out
of the hollow stems ; after that they may be stored
away for the winter. The ground where they are to
be planted next year should also be prepared for
them by being trenched up, and sufficient manure
should be put into it. It is necessary to put in two
layers of manure, the lower one at a depth of
18 inches, and the upper one 9 inches below the
surface.

Hollyhocks. — A general impression seems to
prevail that, if the plants are allowed to remain in

440

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884.

the open ground during the winter, the disease
will not be so likely to attack them. I intend to
leave ours out-of-doors this winter at any rate. The
plants will have a mulching of dry manure placed
round them in order to keep the frost from doing
them any injury. Late propagated cuttings should
now be potted off into large 6o's ; they will do well
in these through the winter, to be potted into larger
pots in the spring. In order to obtain good spikes,
or single blooms, for exhibition, the ground must be
deeply trenched and well manured as for Dahlias.
Autumn and spring propagated plants ought both to
be grown as the one succeeds the other in blooming,
the spring cuttings flowering latest.

Pentstemons. — These useful autumn flowering
plants are much esteemed by some people, and there
are not many plants better adapted to bear company
with the Michaelmas Daisies. They flower almost
continuously until the ^frost comes, if the seed-pods
are removed, almost as soon as the flowers fade. In
mild winters they stand well in the open borders, but
in this respect they are much upon a par with the
shrubby Calceolarias. Take the cuttings oil about the
end of October, and insert them in hand-glasses under
the shelter of a wall. Seedlings are easily raised,
but it is not worth while to raise them from seeds
saved indiscriminately. The best named varieties or
seedlings should be crossed with each other.

Phloxes. — The dry hot weather has been more
trying to these than it has been for the Pentstemons,
and they passed out of bloom more quickly. A good
mulching of decayed manure, over the roots, and
plentiful supplies of water, work wonders with all
such gross feeding plants as these. The plants pro-
pagated from cuttings in the spring should be utilised
to plant beds or borders, instead of the plants that
are more than two years old. It is very easy to pro-
pagate Phloxes by chopping the old clumps down the
middle or quartering them ; but it is a very clumsy
method, and one that no good gardener would think
of practising. Strong handsome spikes can only be
obtained when the plants are propagated by cuttings
or seeds.

The Tulip.— As the bulbs have to be planted
early in November it is only right that the ground
should be prepared as soon as possible. I have grown
our collection for the last few years without any pro-
tection whatever, and we have not failed to get a
good bloom. They were particularly fine last May.
What they suffer from most is heavy rains, which
come on suddenly sometimes before the flowers have
time to shut up.

The Pink. — The beds of these ought to be planted
out at once if the plants are ready. What they like
best is light rich soil, of considerable depth. Plant
out, if in beds, from 9 inches to a foot apart ; the
greater distance if the plants are large and of vigorous
constitution. Some plants are of such a delicate habit
that they need not be planted more than 6 inches
apart. A little experience will soon teach the ardent
cultivator which plants must be set out at the longer
and shorter distance. J. Douglas, Great Gearies,
llford.

V^t mm\\n.

S TA TB OP 7 HE WBA THBR A T BLA CKHEA TH

LONDON,

For the Week Ending Wednesday, October i, 1884.

Hygrome-

trical De-

Barometer.

Temperature of
THE Air.

ductions

from
Glaisher's

Wind.

Tables 6th

Q

Edition,

J

<

e

X

b£ 6

S'-

I

|2.

Ill

1-3 .
Ill

X

0

Pi

c

s

Q

°5s

CA

SepL [in. In. . | o i . 1 .

1

III.

n

29-W ,-)-o.226s 048.0 17.OJSS.5

+ 0-7^47.7

A

s.w.' °""

36

29-79 -foo568.o[5o.O|i8.058.2

+ 3-5|Si 5

79

S.W. o.oi

a?

29.80 -i-oo7 6o.o'47.o i3.o;5S.o

+ a4S0.5 8s

S.W, 0.00

:8

2990

+0.18 63.4 52 8 10.6 58.9

+ 4 4^5^.6 8o|'^S.W^ o.og

29

30.00

+aa862.2SS.o 7-257.5

4- 3-1 S3' 8s{ vv?sW.<»-°5

o^°,

29.96

+025 63-5^43-8 19-7 53.7

- 0649.01 84

E. 0 00

I

2991

+0.21 62 .c

51.0 II 053.4

+ i.oU.S 73

1 1

S.W. 0.0.

Mean

29.90

+0.18 63. ^

49.6i3'-8|56.3

+ i.B

S0.2

So

S.W. '0.13

Sept. 25. — Very fine day and night.

— 26. — Dull day and night. Slight rain in evening.

— 27. — Dull day and night.

— 28. — Fine day ; dull, occasional gleams o( sunshine.

Fine nifiht.

— 29. — Dull day : very dark, with slight rain at timer.

Dull cloudy night.

— 30. — Misty in early morning. Very fine morning. Dull
afternoon and night.

-Drizzling rain in early morning. Dull morning.
Fine bright afternoon. Fme night, overcast,
moon occasionally visible.

©ijituars.

Oct

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September 27, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 30.02 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.68 inches by mid-
night on the 2lst, increased to 30.2S inches by mid-
night on the 23d, decreased to 30. 15 inches by 3 p. m.
on the 24th, increased to 30.21 inches by 9 a.m., de-
creased to 30.11 inches by 3 p.m., and increased to
30 13 by midnight on the 25th, decreased to 29.96
inches by 3 p.m. on the 26th, increased to 29. 98
inches by 9 a.m. on the 27th, decreased to 29 95
inches by 3 p.m. on the same day, and was 30.03
inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.02 inches, being 0.15 inch lower than last
week, and 0.07 inch above the average of the week.

Ternperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 72" on the 21st, the highest
on the 27th was 60". The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 65°.

The lowest temperature was 47° on the 27th ; on the
2ist and 22d the lowest temperature was 52°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 49°. 3.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
20°, on the 21st ; the smallest was 13", on the 22d and
27th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was I5°.7.

The mean temperatures were — on the 21st, 6i°.5 ;
on the 22d, 56°. 8 ; on the 23d, 54". 2 ; on the 24th,
55°.3; on the 25th, 55°. S ; on the 26th, 58^2; on
the 27th, 55° ; and these were all above their averages
{excepting the 23d, which was l° below) by 6", 1^5,
o*'.3, o°.7, 3°.5, and 0^.4 respectively.

The mean temperature was 56°. 6, being S°.5 lower
than last week, and i°.6 above the average of the
week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 132", on the 21st. The mean of the seven daily
readings was 108°. 4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 36*, on the 27th.
The mean of the seven readings was 3S°.5.

Rain. — Rain fell on the 21st, 22d, and 24th, to the
amount 0.07 inch.

England : Temperature, — Duringthe week ending
September 27, the highest temperatures were 75°. 2,
at Cambridge, 72° at Blackhealh, 7 1*. 4 at Bradford ;
the highest at Bolton was 63°. 8, at Sheffield and
Sunderland 65'. The general mean was 68". i.

The lowest temperatures were 40° at Wolver-
hampton, 40. °4 at Bolton, 42° at Hull ; the lowest
at Brighton was 47". 5, at Plymouth and Blackheath
47^ The general mean was 44°. 6.

The greatest ranges were 3i°.2 at Cambridge, 27°
at Nottingham, 26" at Hull and Leeds ; the least
ranges were 18°. 6 at Liverpool, 20° at Sunderland,
20°. S at Bristol. The general mean was 23°. 5.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 66°.9, at Blackheath 65°, at
Brighton 64*. 6 ; and was lowest at Bolton and Sun-
derland, 5S''.3, at Wolverhampton and Liverpool
60''. 3. The general mean was 62°. 3.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 52". 3, at Preston 5i°.8, at Brighton
5i°.3; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 44°. 5, at
Nottingham 46^2, at Cambridge 46°.4, The general
mean was 49*.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
2o''.S, at Nottingham I7°.4, at Blackheath I5°,7 ; and
was least at Liverpool, 9°. 3, at Sunderland and Pres-
ton 9°. 6. The general mean was I3^3.

The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
Se^.S, at Truro 56°.7, at Blackheath 56°.6; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 51". 2, at Sunderland 51°. 5,
at Bolton 51°. S. The general mean was 54*. 4.

Rain. — The largest falls were 1.59 inch at
Wolverhampton, 1.57 inch at Bolton, 1.04 inch at
Liverpool ; the smallest falls were 0.07 inch at Black-
heath, o". 16 inch at Sunderland, 0.33 inch at Cam-
bridge, The general mean fall was 0.6l inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing September 27 the highest temperature was 67".!,
at Perth ; at Dundee the highest was 6i°.7. The
general mean was 64*. 4.

The lowest temperature in the week was 43". 3, at
Dundee ; at Glasgow the lowest temperature was
46''.5. The general mean was 44°.7.

The mean temperature was highest at Edinburgh
and Perth, 55".!, and lowest at Glasgow and Dundee,
53°. 3. The general mean was 54°.2.

Rain. — The largest fall was 2.20 inches, at
Greenock, and the smallest fall was 0.19 inch, at
Edinburgh and Leith. The general mean fall was
0.68 inch. lAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

In the death of Mr. John Crossling, at the age
of seventy, gardener for the long period of forty-five
years at.Felton Park, Northumberland, the craft has
lost one of its most successful men of the old school of
gardeners, and although it was seldom he carried the
well grown productions of his garden to shows out-
side of the county, he was a man of mark in his pro-
fession with whom all the local growers had to
reckon. He had talent for other things besides his
business occupation, as was witnessed in his well-
preserved specimens of fish and animals, &c. He
was a faithful servant of the ditTerent possessors of
Felton Park, and will long be remembered for his
fine sterling qualities and business capacity.

Variorum.

The Arch/EOlogy of Covent Garden
Market. — Who would imagine, says a writer in
The English Illustrated Ma^azine^ that Covent
Garden, with its shady, many-scented arcade, with
its Babel of voices and crush of baskets, its flowers
' ' a-growing and a-blowing, " its curious mixed
atmosphere of town and country — who would now
imagine that this had once been an "enclosure or
pasture," *' browsed by deep-udder'd kine," and
where, maybe, the nightingale —

" in April suddenly
Bralce from a coppice gemm'd with green and red " ?

Yet so it was. Covent Garden, or *' Convent
Garden," lying between Long Acre and the Strand,
originally formed part of the grounds of the ancient
Abbey of Westminster. There is still extant a docu-
ment, " written in very choice Italian " (if so one may
term law Latin), in which it is described as * le
Covent Garden , . . nuper pertinens Monasterio
Sancti Petri Westmonasteriensis." Under Edward
VI. it was granted by that king to his uncle, the
Duke of Somerset. At Somerset's attainder it
reverted to the Crown, and then, "with seven acres
called Long Acre," was re-granted by patent to John
Earl of Bedford. This was in May, 1552, Upon
part of the '"'' terre et pasture" so acquired, the Earl
built the old semi- wooden structure known as Bedford
House, which looked into the Strand, and the long
wall of whose garden at the back corresponded to
what is now the south side of the market. Under
Francis Duke of Bedford, circa 1631, the square was
laid out, and the arcades or piazzas erected.

Answers to Correspondents.

A Lover of Pines should forward his name and
address for the Editor's satisfaction.

Amateur : Lothair. If the man is not a gardener by
profession, but is only a labourer in a nursery, and
looks after his plants in his only available lime — i.e.,
after working hours — he is undoubtedly an amateur.
It has been taken to mean that an amateur is a person
not a gardener by profession, who grows plants for his
own use or gratification, but who does not trade in
them. Even if he only dispose of his surplus stock,
but does it by public circular, offering to sell to all
comers, we should not consider him, strictly speaking,
as an amateur.

Dahlia picta formosissima : H. Canncll, Glad to
see the old variety again, as it can hold its own among
the elect of to-day, and is worthy of a place in the
herbaceous border or Dahlia bed.

Dahlias : J. Godfrey. Not worthy of being named,
there being numbers similar.

Cherry Laurel Fruits: T. Jtrrold. We have no
experience of their quality in the shape of iam, but
doubtless they might be used as such. We do not
believe the fruits are more poisonous than Cherries,
but the leaves and kernels are more or less poisonous,
so we advise you to be careful about the jam.

Coleus : E. J. Jar/nan. We cannot undertake to
name the innumerable varieties of this plant ; try a
florist in a large way of business.

Eucharis : W. T. The fusion of two flowers is by no
means uncommon.

Extermination of the Daisy : tK //. C. The
Daisy may be exterminated by using the spud and by
the application of nitrate of soda or sulphate of am-
monia.

Fasciation in Pvretiirum uliginosum : M. A,S.
Such instances are common in all quick-growing
plants.

Fuchsia Sef.ds Germinating, &c. : y. M. To get
good trustworthy seed artificial fertilisation with its
own or other pollen is requisite. The si;ed is very

October 4, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

441

fine, and must be sown thinly in light sandy soil, in
February or March, in heat. Tlie earth in the pot or
pan should be well wntered an hour previous to sow-
ing, and be covered with a piece of g!ass darkened
with brown paper laid on it till the seeds grow.
Pick the berries wlien ripe. A sound greenhouse
will keep out 5" to 8* of frost. Much will depend on
the cubical contents, if small, it being sooner cooled,
and iron ribs part with the internal heat sooner than
wood. Two degrees of frost inside your house would
greatly injure I'elargoniums, more injury ensuing if
the soil they were in was wet, or if there was undue
moisture in the house. If they or any plants get frozen
slightly do not light a fire at S a.m., or at any other
time till they have become thawed, which is best
brought about by shading the house, so that not a
r.iy of sunhght or heat reaches them, and then deluge
the plants wuh cold water a degree or two above the
ice point. During the uncertain time in autumn
covering up with mats of straw {the best) or bast, or
with Fngi Domo— a kind of hair blanket— is better than
risking damage, and is preferable to the use of fire-
heat so early in the cold season.

Gai.ls on Ash : H. Af. The so-called galls are puff-
baits : a curious variety of Scleroderma vulgare.

Garden Plans : C. A. You will find some plans in
/^arks and Gardens, by Cole, published at 171, Fleet
Street. Kemp On Landscape Gardenin^^, now out of
print, might be useful if you could meet with it.

liOYA CARNOSA : H. K. V. The production of fruit is
certainly uncommon, probably owing to the absence
in this country of the particular insect to whom the
duty of ferlihsation is, or becomes by force of circum-
stances, entrusted. The production of ripe fruit while
other flowers are still expanded is a result of the
normal succession of the flowers here more accentuated
than usual.

INGA Plant : H. What you send is Guizotia oleifera,
an Abyssinian plant, also cultivated in India for the
sake of the seed, which yields an oil known in India as
Ram Til. The plant is a Composite, allied to Sun-
flowers.

Market Gardening: H. S. There is no institution
where such knowledge as you want is taught. Shaw
On Market Gardening, published at 37, Southampton
Street, Covent Garden, is a suitable work.

Mulberry : Van der Swaelmen. Morus alba,

N.-VMES OF Fruits : C. '/. Nicholson, LougkgaU. 4,
Lord Derby ; 5, Catshead.— /\ P. B. 2, Nonsuch ;
4, Blenheim Orange ; 5, Fearn's Pippin. — A. B. 2,
Gloria Mundi ; 3. Tower of Glamis ; 5, Ribston Pip-
pin ; 6, Dumelow's Seedling.

Names of Plants : A. J. Lamnerde. Maxillaria
aromatica. — W. M. C. 4, Geranium moUe ; 5, Lap-
sana communis ; 13, Trifo ium arvense. — H. Alex-
ander. Quite obliterated in transit, send a specimen
in a bo.\. — A. H. i, Cupressus sempervirens ; 2,
Juniperus sinensis ; 3, Syniph or i carpus racemosus ;
4. Andromeda pulverulenta ;5, Kalmiasp. — Subscriber.
Acampe cyiindrica. — N. i, Thuiopsis borealis ; 2,

3, 4, Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 5, Juniperus virginiana ;
6, Chimonanthus occidentalis ; 7, a species of Taxus.
— C, £. F. A curious mallormaiion of some Juncus.
— D. C. I, Fesiuca elatior ; 2 and 3, Poa pratensis ;

4, Bromus arvensis ; 5, Apera spica-venti ; 6, appears
to be a scrap of Arrhenatherum avenaceum. — J. McP,
I, Miltonia spectabile ; 2, Pyrus pinnatifida (Sorbus
hybrida) ; 3, Pyrus Aria ; 4, Solidago lanceolata ; 5,
Populus aJba ; 6, Acer platanoides. — Fern Down.
I, Solidago odora ; 2, Veronica incana ; 3, Chrysan-
themum uliginosum ; 4, Hypericum Hookerianum ; 5,
Vitis bipinnata ; 6, Calendula officinalis. — C. [('. D.
Specimen insufficient, but either Eupatorium canna-
bmum or E. purpureum. — C. A. E. i, Bougainvillea
glabra ; 2, Rondelelia speciosa ; 3, Cacalia repens ;

4, Libonia floribunda. — Reg, Young, i, Odontoglos-
sura tr'padians ; 2, Cypripedium longifolium ; 3,
Zygopetaium maxillare ; 4, probably Galeandra species ;

5, Oncidium Jonesianum ; 6, Odonloglossum Lind-
leyanura var. — J •'J- ii Benthamia fragifera ; 2, Ken-
nedya monophylla ? ; 3, Picea Morinda ; 4, Picea
Menziesii (sitchensis) ; 5, doubtful ; 6, Polygonum
cuspidatum ; 7, Cunninghamia sinensis ; 8, Tsuga
Hookeriana ; 9, Berberis dulcis ; 10, doubtful, pro-
bably Discaria sp. ; n. Retinospora obtusa ; 12,
Sequoia sempervirens ; 13. Lophospermum scandens ;
another time send on'y six specimens, our time and
space are too precious.

Pansy Blooms : Alex. Lister. They were pretty, but
consisted of flowers differing but Hltle from many
others in commerce, these flowers coming so good
from seed now.

Potatos : J. P. G. Pink On Potato Growing.

POT-PouRRi : A. B. According to the authority of Mr.
Piesse, in his work on Perfumery, it is made as fol-
foUows : — Dried Lavender, i lb. ; whole Rose leaves,
I lb. : crushed Orris root, \ lb. ; broken Cloves,
Cinnamon, and Allspice, of each 2 oz. ; table
salt, I lb.

Shells : T. S. We do not know the like semi-trans-
parent shells found in great numbers on the pots in your
cool Orchid-house. They are of the size of a moderate
pin's head, and closely resemble Stylifer astericola.
They are probably an importation. Reeve, Conch,
icon., pL 225. W.

Strawberry Leaves Spotted : W. W. We do
not find any traces of fungus, insects, or mites
on the Strawberry leaves (covered with minute dis-
coloured spots) except the skin of a small cater-

pillar which had not gnawed the leaves. Some of the
blotches are much dilated, which would not have been
the case if the leaves had been sucked by red-spider.
The condition is very common. W.

WiLLESDEN Paper : W. E. D. The Willesden paper
may be obtained at the Patent Waterproof Paper
Company, Canal Works, Willesden Junction, N.W.

•»• All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher.
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphi
they wish the Editor to see.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Z.^//<rj re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor,

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W. Rumsey, Waltham Cross— Roses, Trees, Fruits,

&c.
The National Chrysanthemum Society-

santhemums. Show, Japanese, &c.
J. Davis & Son, Ormskirk, Lancashire — Hardy Trees,

Conifers, Shrubs, &c.
\V. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross— Roses and Special

List of Fruits, Vines, Roses, Evergreens, Climbers,

&c.
Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt— Roses.
CoMPAGNiE Continentale d'Horticulture, Ghent

—Illustrated Catalogue of New and Rare Plants ;

Mr. J. Unthank, 25, Spring Terrace, North Shields,

Agent.
T. Sp.\th, Rixdorf, Berlin— Chief List of Trees, Fruits,

and Shrubs.
W. Gordon, The Lily Nursery, Amyand Park Road,

Twickenham— Lilies, Bulbous Plants, Orchids,
Cranston's Nursery & Seed Company (Limited),

Hereford — Roses.
V. Lemoine, Rue de I'Etang. Nancy— Extract from List

of New Plants.
Henderson & Sons, Den Nursery, Brechin — Bulbs.

-Chry-

CoMMUNicATioNS RECEIVED.— M. C. C.— J. B. , not yet
received.— J. J. S. H.— W. E. G, boxes sent. — Countess of
Dartrey.- M. A. S. — H Mills.— H. E, with thanks.— A.
D. W.— G. B. -Joseph Clarke.— A. O.— Messenger & Co —
J. C. & Sons.— Henry B.— G B. & Co.-J. Smith.— J. S.—
B. A.— W. J. M.— r. B.— J, W . Royston, next week.-T.
Hartrey. — Hastings.- E. Burbery,— P. Ingram.— H. L. E. —
W. J. K., Castagnola.

DIED, on September 30. in his seventieth year,
John Crossling, for forty-five years Head Gardener at
Felion Park, Northumberland,

COVENT GARDEN, October 2.

Trade quiet in general, but good. Pines in demand,
the market being clear. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market,

Fruit.— AvERAGS Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Apples, J^-sieve ,, 16-40
Figs, per Oozen .. 06-09
Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-55 o
Grapes, per lb. , , 10-40
Lemons, per case.. 21 (^ ..

s.d. s.d.
Melons, each .. 10-16

Pine-apples. Eng. ,Ib. 40-50
Peaches, per doz. . . 30-80
Peais, French, doz. 10-20

Vegetables.- Ave BACK Retail Prices.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . ..20-40

Aubergines, each .. 04- ..

Beans, Fiench, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz. ..10-..

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 10-26

Celery, per bundle., i 6- a 6

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, English, per
dozen .. ..10-,.

Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Horse Radish, bund. 30-40

*. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. .. i &> ..

— Cos, each . . 02- . .
Marrows, each ,. 02- ..
Mint, gTeen,bunch.. o 4- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch.. 06-.,

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch., o 4- ..
Peas, English, quart 26-..
Radishes, per doz, . . 16-,.
Small satading, per

punnet . . ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. 06- ..
Turnips, new, bun. .. 05-..

Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 505.1070.1. ; Regents, ^os. to 80J.
per ton. Trade very quiet.

Plants in Pots. — Average Wholbsalb Pricbs-

s. d. s. d.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitje (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per dozen .. 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chrysanth,, dozen .. 40-90
Coclc'Combs, doz. .. 26-40
Coitus, various, doz. 30-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracjena term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. g 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-34 o

s, d. s. d.

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Ficus elastics, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60

Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 o

Lilium lancifolium,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— auratum, doz. 12 0-24 o

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz. 30-60

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o

Palms in variety,
each .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. a o- 6 o

Solanums, dozen . . 9 o-ia o

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s, d.
Abutilon. 12 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 30-60
Asters, 12 bunches .. 30-60
Azalea, la sprays .. 16-26
Bouvardi.'is, per bun. o q- i o
Camellias, per doz .. 40-60
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20
Chrys.nnlh., 12 bun. ^ o- 9 o
— large, 12 blooms 3 c- ^ o
Cornflower, 12 ban,. 20-40
Dahlias, 12 bunches 30-60
Eucharis, per doz. .. 30-60
Forget-me-not, la

bunches . . ..20-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60
Gl.idiolus, various,

12 spikes ..
Heliotropes, 12 sp,
Lapagena, white, 12

blooms

10-30
06-10

20-30

s. d. J. d.

Lapagena, red, 12

blooms . . ..I
Mareucrites, 12 bun. 3
Mignonette, 12 bun. 1
Pelargoniums, per 12

spiays .. .. o

Primula, double, bun. i
Pyiethruni, la bun. 2
Roses (indoor), doi. 1

— (outdoor), 12 bun. 4

— coloured, doz . . 4
Stephanoti-, 12 f.pr. 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. i
Troiiajolum, 12 bun. i
Tuberoses, per doz.. o
Violets, iJ bun. .. o

— P.irme, Fr., bun. 3
White Jasmine, per

bvirch .. .. o

0-40

6- 1 o
o- 1 6

0-60
0-40
o-iv o
o- q o
0-80
6 40
020
6 1 o

9- » 3

0-40

SEEDS.

London : October i.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
of 37, Mark Lane, report that the market to-day was
thinly atlendud, and no fresh ft^auire showed itselt, either
of interest or importance. New American red Clover
seed, notwithstanding the low prices at which it is offered,
fails as yet to find buyers on this side. There is no dis-
position at present shown, moreover, to purchase either
Alsike white or Trefoil. The Trifolium season seems
now quite over. Winter Tares are unchanged in price.
For Canary and Hemp seed the sale is slow. Blue Peas
keep steady in value and demand. Feeding Linseed Is
firm.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday holders of Wheat asked
firmer prices, but buyers showed nodisposilion to respond.
Flour was variously reported as firm, inactive, and slow
sale at late rales. Medium mailing Barley was the turn
cheaper, whilst grinding sorts with good arrivals com-
pared fully 6(/. below Monday sc'nnight. Beans and
Lentils were lower on the week. Canadian Peas were
steady at 331. to 34J. per 504 lb. Maize was rather
steadier. Oats, with continued moderate arrivals, were
steady, and for the week compare rather in favour of
sellers.— On Wednesday Wheat was very quiet and with-
out quotable change from Monday's value. Flour met
only a limited inquiry at lale prices. Barley was quiet.
Beans and Peas met a retail demand at late values. Maizti
had rather a steadier tendency. Oais were firm, with
rather a hardening drift. — Average prices of corn
for the week endmg Sept. 27 :— Wheat, 33J. : Barley.
32.1. 2rf.;Oats. i8s. lod. For ihe corresponding periud
last year :— Wheat, 41^. ; Barley, 335. ; Oats, 20s.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday increased supplies
of cattle were on sale, and the trade moved heavily,
prices for the most part ruling 2d. per 8 lb. lower.
Sheep supplies were heavy, and values deprc-^sed 2d. per
8 lb. generally. Calves and pigs maintained their value
firmly. — Quotations :— Beasls, 4J. to 51. 4^., and 51. 6d.
to $s. 10,^. ; calves. 3J. 6d. 10 5^. icd. ; sheep, 5*. lo
5s. 6d., and 5J. Sd. to 51. lod. ; pigs. 4^. 104^. o^/.—
Thursday's trade was very dull. Supplies were short,
but quite sufficient lor the demand, which was very
sluggish both for beasts and sheep. Calves and pigs
maintained firm prices.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
supplies were not over large, except of straw, which is
coming in very freely. The top price of Clover was
reduced 2s. Trade was exceedingly dull, with a very
drooping tendency. Quotations :— Prime Clover, 95/.
to I12J. : inferior, 60s. to 65J. ; prime second cut, gos.
to 112s. ; best meadow hay, 8oj. to g$s. ; mferior, 40s.
to 65^. ; and straw, 28J. to 375. per load.— On Thursday
there was a moderate supply, and trade was rather
better for the best Clover. Prices were unaltered.— The
Cumberland Market report states that there was a very
slow trade, with a fair supply of both Clover and
meadow. Quotations : — Clover, best, looi. to nor. ;
inferior, 65-r. to gos. ; meadow hay, best, 8of. to got. ;
inferior, 50J. to 705. ; and straw, 30J. to 40J. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports slate
there were moderate suppUes and a steady trade. Quo-
tations :— Kent Regents, 60s. to 70-f. ; Lssex Shaws, 50J.
to 6or. ; Magnum Bonums, 40J. to 701. ; Victorias,
70t. to 80J. ; and Champions, 45^. to 60s. per ton. — The
imports into London last week consisted of 4721 bags
from Hamburg, 201 bags Rotterdam, 221 sacks Boulogne,
and 1000 packages from Delfzyl.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 15^. 6d.; Ravensworlh West
Hartley, 14J. gd.; Walls End — Harton, i6j. ; Tyne (un-
screened), lis. 3</. ; Helton, iHs. ; Hetton Lyons, i6j. ;
Lambton, 171. 6d; Wear, 16s.; East Hartlepool. 17J. $d.;
South Hartlepool, 16^. 3^.

G-overnment Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
at loi^ lo loii for delivery, and ioi4 to loiy^n for the
account. The figures of Tuesday, Wednesday, and
Thursday were loiA to loij for delivery, and loij to
ioi| for the account,

442

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 1884.

QTRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-

^^ ing varieties, well-rooted, 35. per 100, free. SCOTT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the most effectual mixture for destroying
wasps.-JOHN SCOTT anu CO.. Royal Nurseries, Merriotl.

To tlie Trade OiiJy,
A DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— Fine plants,

-i^i- iir 4j^ inch pots, 50J. per 100 ; also in 72*5, at 20J. per joo.
Cannot fail to please.

PERKINS AND SONS, Warwick Road. Covertly.

To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.

LATE SHOW TULIPS, to be sold, solely
in consequence of ill-health. The choicest and most
unique collection in cultivation, comprising about io,oco bulbs,
of which nearly threi;-fourths , are beautiful Rectified Seedlings.
the labour of many years, and only in this collection, named and
arranged in Cabineis. An oppoitiinity never Vefore offered is
now presented to any one desiring to take up their cultivation,
whether fcr profit or amusement. The price is very low. For
particulars address,

G.. Gaifield Villa, Pingstead Road, Sutton, Surrey.

OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c.. this autumn, ihat their
stock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
ihe best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W.

PELARGONIUMS, new Zonals of 18S4.—
T^Aelve of the very finest varieties sent out last spring for
iSf., in well rooted young plants ; ditto sent out 1883, 12 for 6s, ;
50 varieties, all new recently, for %s. Cuttings half price

Best FUCHSIAS in cultivation, 12 for ay, or new sorts of
1S81, 12 for 4^ ; selections left.
Twelve extra fine PENTSTEMONS for 3J.
These collections have been selected with greatest care by a
grower for open marker, trying all the best new soits.
See CATALOCiUE, free on amplication.

RICHARD PANNETT, Nurseryman, Chaiky. Sussex.

EA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for

Forcing.— Fine plants of all the best varieties, including
Niphetos, Cathernie Mermet, Perle des Jardms, Ftoile de
Lyon, Madame Lambard. &c., at ?4J. to 305. per di zen ;
Emaller size, bushy i l.iiits, in 5-inch pnts, i^s. to igj. ptr dozen.
Also extra strong CLIMBING ROfaES, in Pols, for Conserva-
tory Hanting— Marechal Niel, Climbing Devoniensis, W. A.
Richardson. Peine Marie Henriette, La Marque, Triomphe de
Rennes, and many others, 2^. dd., 3^, td. and jj, each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON. The Nurseries. Bath.

(^REENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS.—

VJ 1 his section produces fine trusses of white, orange red,
and various coloured flowers, while many of the varieiies give
forth a delicious perfume. Our collection is one of the finest,
including many rare vaiieties. 12 heallhy young plants, 91,
125., aod iSr, 12 healthy strong plants, 2ij,, 30J. , and 42J.

Rhododendron jasniiniflorum, Princess Royal, Princess
Alexandra, Fragrantissima, and Duchess of Sutherland, are
well known varieiies of this group.

E. G. HENDERSON and SON, Pineapple Nursery
Maida V;.le. London, N.W.

ANTHONY WATEREr"

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 X.o\
„ lauiifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.

,, Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.

,, myriifolia, ditto. )-many thoufands.

,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's splendid plaols, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 eet

in circumference.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautiiul specimens.
„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many

thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands.

,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
,. Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varietiei known, 2, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Clunese. 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

,, Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
,, DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thou-^ands.
,, ., GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
,. HOOKEKIANA, 3 to 5 feet.
„ PAKRYANA GLAUCA. i% to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, himdreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 t03 feet, hundreds.
,. NOBILIS. 1^4 to 3 feet, thousands.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to 10 feet.
„ PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, 114 to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI, (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundred'
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 lo 5 feet, hundreds!
RETINOSPORAOirrUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds
„ PISIFERA AUREA(true), 3to6feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

FOR SALE, about 50 Succession PINES, fit
for fruiting next spring and summer, clean healthy stuff,
chiefly Smooth Cayennes. AUo Plants in Fruit, and Suckers, if
required, as the whole stock is to be disposed of. Apply to

H. HOWARD. The Gardens, Castle Malgwyn, Boncath
R S.O.. Pembrokeshire.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We are the Original Introducers and Sole Agents of
Mr. Harris in England for this Grand Lily.

We have just received our Consignments, and find the Bulbs
very good, larger than last year, and in capital sound condition.
This grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it to be the finest introduction for many years.
Producini; 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 2 to 3 stalks
during the season in succession. Flowers pure while, long
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Piice of this and many other varieties, see our BULB
CATALOGUE, free on application.

"WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,
STRAND. W.C.

ANN O UN CEM^N "f^

TT CANNELL AND SONS' complete Book
-*--' • of the best Plants, Sic, to Flower all the
Year Round, more particularly during the
Winter Season.

It is said, and universally said, and with a
great deal of truth, that no flowers grow and do
like those from Swanley — they are so healthy.
Send for H. C. and SONS' AUTUMN CATA-
LOGUE of Roses, Winter-flowering, Herbace-
ous, and Alpine Plants, new Soft-wood and
numerous other Plants, Dutch and other Bulbs,
indispensable to keep up a display all the year,
post-free.

3aSt<MSS^f!«£RS

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

^d. per bushel ; loo for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags, Ad. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. M. per sack;
5 sacks, 35J ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PF,AT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 32s, ; sacks,
4(/. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. IJ. <jd. per bushel; 131. per halt
ton, 26^. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. bd. per sack

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO.
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write (or Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, GoWsmilh's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard), W.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
Tj^lBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—

Xj brown FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants, &c.,;<;66i.perTruck. BLACK FIBROUS PKAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15*.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags, 22,t. dd. ; 10 Hags,
4SJ. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. bd. per B.ig.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52s. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full particulars, o?i application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTON, LIVERPOOL.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is Ihe best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, la, and 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, ]i cwt., 8s. ;
1 owt, 13s.

MANL'FACTUKKO IIV

W. H. Beeson. Carbrook Bone M ills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents ; Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co.. Ltd..

i8, Finsbury Street, E.G., and Shad Thames, London, S.E.
Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.
Pure CrusJted Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Borders.

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

V>^ made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 251., free on to the following
raiJs;— Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Nonh-Westem, and Midland, other lines 305., in --.acks u :
JO sacks £,\ IS. ; 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash with ail
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., " Clrei hound "
Yard, and 153, Hi^h Street, Battersea, S.W. Esiabhshed 1872.

r:j.ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

VJ Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, 15. -^d. p':r
sack ; 10 for izj., 15 for \-js , 30 for 305. ; all sacks ini.luded.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22.J. (>d. Black Fibrous Peat, 45. id. per sack ; s for
20J. ; sacks a,d. each. Coarse Silver Sand, \s td. per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemir.1l MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, 6j. per sack. Garden Slicks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Clnih,
8(^. per lb. ; Specialite Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb,. 281b. 2if, Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. -W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehoijses, Southwark Street, London, S E.. iaU
19. New Broad Street, E.G.

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. Th-; only Insecticide awarded 1 'iplom^.
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. --Whole>.ale Agents, CORRV,
SOPER. FOWLER AND CO, Finsbury Street. London E.C.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Grubs, Woolly Aphis, Green and Black Fly, Lice,

Red Spider, Thrlps, Mealy-Bug, Caterpillars,

Ants. Worms, &c.

IR TREE OIL

INSECTICIDE Gl°^l^\)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that

infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or LU the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution KUls all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Hy, &c.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without affecting
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Buds. So'd
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d , 25. 6d., and 41. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. 12J. 6d., or less in lareer quantities. Per pest -^d. extra.
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animals, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Wholesale:— HOOPERc^ CO.: CORRY, SOPER. FOWLER
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN AND CO ; and f k m aH the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.
New York :-ROLKEK and iONS.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 acainst Rid Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blit;ht. i lo z ounces lo the
gallon of soft water : 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchaid-house Trees '. and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., ^s., and loj, 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and u. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PtJKPOSHS.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

QILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-

O fotdshire; Sussex and Kent PEATand LOAM of the best
quality by truckload, ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices.
Low rates to London and to all parts.— W. SHORT, Horti-
cultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex.— Eslablishtd 1S62.

VIRGIN CORKWOOD, for Ferneries,
Rccketies, and Ornamental Work in Gardens and Con-
servatorias, supplied to Nurserymen and Seedsmen by

WILLIAM RANKIN and SONS, 10, Cailion Place,
Glasgow ; and at Lisbon, Portugal.

FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at Bd. and gd. per lb., 28 lb. 18s. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN. Manufacturer. 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raflia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and scull, qo. Lower Thames Si. , London. E.C

T A

NNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

a yards wide, i%d., and 4 yaidi wide, 3</. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from i^^d. per yard and upwards.

Russia Mats. Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
Iuwi;st possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES fT^NTbERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed R.igs, new and second-
hand, of every description. RalTia Fibre, Netting and Tifiany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
TwinM. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

October 4, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLiz.

443

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15.003 OF THE NouiLiTV. Gentry, and Clergy.

Is exteosivelv used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOKK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames.

CAN BR LMD ON BY UNSKILLED LAUOUK.

I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.
Prices, PittUrns, (j?id Testimoui>ils, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON. E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for CasJl.

KosUer'B Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,

once put down, incur no

further labour or expense, ~- ^'"

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c..ia Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior Imish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

QRNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,

Vy fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3.r. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Myalls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Pavuig of great durability, Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kmds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

N D,

a I L V E R S

^-^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Toii
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
Aliberal Discount to the Trade.

BtLGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in., 20 in. by 14 in., zo in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. aiid 300ft. cases.

"^Slfi

^^

14x12

y-

iv^

l6\I2
l8XI2

111

4i

-/

20 X 1 2

ill

~Hf.i

16 \I.|

i8\l4
20\I4

i

■w

•^y

/A

K

L-.-

20\l8 ^ ,-\v/>\
22X18I1

21-OZ. Foreign of ihe above sizes, in loo and aoo feet boxes,
3ds and 4lhs qu.ilities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes oi 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE cSt SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smltbfield, London, E.C.

Stocti List and Prices en application Quote Cli'cniele.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i,J. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd, per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Ptcrcefield Park, yune 21, 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
specifuMv. Wm. Cox,"

CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, Sic, sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brieriey HUl Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and ig6, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd.

W. RICHARDS. 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.

MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.

A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price 7^'.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher.

Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price u. stitched.

HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price is. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C.

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or oihcr unskilled person.
It dries (|uickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks equ:tlly as well as oil paiat,
yet at one-fourth tlie cost.

PRICES : -BLACK, is. 6d. per gallon ;
in casks, containing not less than 9 gallons,
delivered free at most railway stations.
Casks extra, but two-thiids allowed if re-
turned carriage paid to our works in good
condition. liRUSHES for coaling Iron-
work, Wood, or Stone, js, each.

CATALOGUES of all kinds of Iron n7id Wire Fencing^
Gates, 6^t* , Jree on apf'hca.tion.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ; nnd 3. Crooked
Lane, King WUliam St., Y,.Q..— Please name this ptiper.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden jhould
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free ^2 rs o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, it 4 '5 o

6 feet long. 5 feet wide, „ ,, ., 3 ^5 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ., 6 10 o

The glass is nailed and puitled in.

R. HAIiLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121. BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Buohill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Fateniees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Fortahle Frames,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAIVI.

Estimates given for every kind of Hortlcnltural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WEIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

444

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 18

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS

Can be seen in aclion Tuesdiys, Thursdays, and Saturdays, in
DEANE & CO.'S "GEM" CONSERVATORY,

Close to the Panorama in the grounds o( the

CRYSTAL PALACE.

Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4-inch hoi-water pipe, and patent j 'ints complete, £^\ 41.
Delivered free to any Siaiion. D.scounL for cash.

This i- the simplest, cheape-t. and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no btick setting, no stokehole, and no ho--
water fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Gieenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It burns over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

"Loughborough" Boilers to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-iii. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints. S:c-, always in stock.
COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.

1 he m' asurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
IS deliveied wiih pipes cut ?nd fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

'M^rl"l eIc " \ LO N DON BRI DGE.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

BOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id.,
without attention. ForGreenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
TH08. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS. STOURBRIDGE.

4.in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, pfect Ion?, 4J. 3^, each ;

4-iii. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J, fid. each.

Price List on applicati^m.

Under tlie Patronage of tbe Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with raiseb

BLACK-FACHD LETTERS.

The Gardeturs' Magazine says ; — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Ayon.

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIREWORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

WIREWOBK.

WIRliWORK.

IRON and WIRE

HOT-W ATEB

SUSPENDING BASKETS
FLOWER STANDS

ROSEIUES
ROSE TEMPLES

FENCING.

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

WORK.

WIRE TRELLIS

ROSE FENCES
ROSE TRAINERS

FENCING „NG
STRAINED WIRE Ft-NC-

BOILERS, VARIOUS
HOT- WATER FITTINGS

PEACH TRELLIS

ROSE SCREENS

BARB WIRE FENCING

FOR

ESPALIER

BALLOON TRAINERS

HURDLE FENCING

GREENHOUSES

WALL WIRING

WIRE NETTING

CONTINUOUS FENCING

CONSERVATORIES

COVERED WAYS

PHEASANTRIES

DOG KENNEL FENCING

MANSIONS

GARDEN ARCHES

AVIARIES

POULTRY FENCING

PUBLIC BUILDINSS

WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

WINTER

COVEEING FOR VINE B

QRDERS.

Illustrated CATALOGUES on application.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR IRON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's inexpensive Growing

Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summer-houses, &c.

Illustrations, full particulars, and Prices. Post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONDON OFFICE : - MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

WORKS.

W. G. SMITH & CO, ^^& VICTORIA

BUEY ST. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses.

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Branches.
CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS Free.

PLANT FROIECIORS, CUCUMBER, and MELON FRAMES, always in stock.

Horticultural Buildings of every description in Iron or Wood.

^I^IJJUHJ Ilea dH IHILI^iMH

Section of a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one : and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

TTTTTTTTTT

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Sectuin of a Witulow Sash-Bar btfort *ftd
after Glazing.

Wrlta for ProBpectua, ninrtratloM,
and Testimonials.

GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

October 4, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

445

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

SEND FOR CATALOGUES.

No. 60.— Span-root Plant Protector.

No. 64 -Span-roof Plant Frame.

The G.irdeiiers' favourite Frame, used for storing bedding
plants ill winter, and in summer for growing Melons, ^c ar-
ranged to build on brickwork as shown, including a glass ends.

t3

s

Invaluable in large gardens for protecline plants in open
ground, or storing same when turned out of conservatory.

CASH PRICES, including Packing Cases.
6 feet long. 3 feet wide, including one pair of ends jC^ a o
). .> 3 »'■! o

.• It •! 2 14 6

>. II »» 4 12 6

n ,. „ 6 o 6

■• M 7 12 6

Length.
12 leet

24
30

Widih.
5 feet
5 ..

£s

P-icking Cases.

4 6

6 o

7 6
9 o

5 o

6 6
8

9 6
See Catalogue for larger sizes.

■" No. 74.-Tlaree-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame.

o

Made to any length.

No. 75.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

CASH PRICES. L^rr:
Pize. Lt;ngih. Width. Price. Packing Cases.

No 2 .. 8 leet .. 6 fett .. £4 i$ o .. 5 6
No. 3 .. ic ,, .. 6 ., .. 0 10 o .. 6 6
No. 4 .. 16 ., .. 6 ,. .. S 5 o .. 80
Height in front, 11 inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches,
Lights made 10 turn over. Set-opes for ventilating.

CASH PRICES, Carriage Pad.

Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases.

No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet . . ^3 7 6 .. 3 6

No. 3 .. I* ,, .. 6 „ .. 4 17 6 •• 40

No 4 .. 16 ,, .. 6 „ .. 676 .. 46

Depth in front 13 inches, back 24 inches, lights 2 inchf-s

thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light.

Lights only. 6 ft. x 4 ft., unglazed and unpainled, 6s. each.

Glazed with 2102. sheet glass and painted 4 coats, i6s. each.

All the Frames painted four coats and glazed -witli best 21-oz. English Glass.

All these Frames carriage paid to any Railway St.Ttion in Eng'and and Wales, also to Edinburgh and Dublin,
Packing Ca^es allowed for in full if returned within fouitten days in good order and duly advised.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

-1 n

o

2
H

o

!0

1 *r 1

- M

£ s

s ^

JAMES BOYD & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall, S.W.

HOT-WATER APPARATTTS for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIOHS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

FOSTER & PEARSON, Beeston, Notts.

5P

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey WorUs. Blackfrlaro Road, London, S.E.

Horticultural Engineers 10 Her M.ajesty the t^>ueen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO TIIEIK

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Oidinaiy Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS.

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOH.ERS,

which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhr.ustrs, CunsL-r-

VAtories, Churches. Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Eutranco

Halls, Warehouses. Workhhops, &c.

They are tfu neataiy c)u:a/>esi, most rfftdive, ami durable

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length o( time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This palicrn

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Avjirdedtoitat the Royal ! I '^rtkultural Society's Exhibili tt,
South Kemin^ion, London, on June 3, 1881.

fflOtJTCLCVAriQH

LDNiLlTUCIHAL 5ECII0N

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says :—
" Heating Appahatus —A great number o( boilers, valve*;,
&c , were exhibited by eieht competitors, and considerable in-
terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shartcomings
of the diflerent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle bniler. with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. M-st
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wi n-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Garden of June 1 1 says : —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer ;ind
not so high. It is found to be a poweriul and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a sm^ll consumpuan
of fuel." ,, .

Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus and H .t-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from 4^. to \s. td. per gallon.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESC-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges

to be the most economical of fuel, the most powerful, tjie simplest,

and tfu cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and paiticulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO., ATRDRIE. N.B.

Ti

Price nfEol.-r

Heat of

and *sel of

4-in. Pipe

Fillings.

150 feet

i;5.o 0

300 ..

6 15 0

400 ,,

850

500 „

g 10 0

600 „

10 IS 0

700 n

12 5 0

850 „

13 15 0

1000 ,,

15 iO 0

1250 „

17 5 0

16 0 „

19 10 0

2000 „

33 10 0

IHE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER

-L BOILER.— A Casi-iron, Solid, Waterway End Roiler.
Distinguished for itsDurabiliiy, Efficiency, and Economy (f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues. Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best w^iih which we
are acquainted. '"

Long.

A, 19 m.

B, 32 in.

C, 24 in.

D, a6 in.

E, 28 in.

F, 32 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.
I, 48 in.
1. 54 i".
K. 6oin

• Comprise f II <, z-" double furnace door, ashpit door j d
regulator, crtikrj de d plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, ih c«
cleaning doors, damper, S:c

Says a Gardener 0/ great experience :— " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at nighi that I know. It burus
anything." " It will becon.e a universsl fav<iurite '

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boil.:is.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiter, with furnace front, ;
doors, fire bars and dead plaie complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by ar^y bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas>. It can
be applied almost everywhere. U will keep in
all niyht. It is worihy of us name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet siae. d, 15 ; loofeet size. ^5 155.

If ( heque is ellClo^ed wiih order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Hanker required.

LANKESTER & SONS,
Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

446

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged as tivo.

4 Lines

..lo

1

0

15 Lines

..£.0

5 „

.. 0

6

16 „

.. 0

6 ..

.. 0

4

0

17 „

.. 0

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18 „

.. 01

8 .,

.. 0

S

0

19 ,.

.. 0 I

9 ,.

.. 0

S

6

20 „

.. 01

10 ,.

.. 0

ft

0

21 „

..01

H „

.. 0

6

6

22 „

.. 01

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23 „

.. 01

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24 „

.. 0 I

14

.. 0

8

0

25 ,.

. 0 1

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL LINB.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 301.

Page £.9 <^ °

Half Page 500

Column 350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words IS. 6d., and tJ. for every additional line

(about g words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BB PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
ai^ainst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable In advance.

Thb United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 35, lod. ; 6 Months,

ws. lid. • 3 Months, 6s.

Foreign (exceptine India and China) ; including Postage,

£1 6s. lor 13 Months ; India and China, £1 Ss. 2d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Officr and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street. Strand, London. W.C.
ASK FOR

M O I R'S

HOME-MADE

JAMS, SOUPS,

BOTTI IN WHITE GLASSES,

TABLE JELLIES,

AND

PURE PICKLES.

See Samcles at Stand 113a,

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH EXHIBITION,

Eastern Corridor Annexe.

INDIAN MUSLIN.

A perfectly Pure Cream-coloured Cotton Muslin.
(25 inches wide), useful for

45 yards O ll A U I IN v3 , g^ yards for 12s. 6d.,

toi6s.6d., DRESSES ''^" P®*^ Parcels

free per Parcels — . 1 p -»- a i'm Q ^°^^ °" receipt

Post on receipt of ^ U K I A I N D, of Postal

Postal Order. BLINDS Order.

DRAPERIES &c.

Send stamped Envelope for Patterns,

JOHN KAY & SONS,

BURNLEY WOOD MILLS, BURNLEY.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL.
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman :— Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks nt the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office. 8. Grand Hotel Euildincs, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Genllemen havirg Waste or Unprofitable
Land

SHOULD APfLV FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

to
Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "'Midland Cowtties
H erald Odice, Birmmgham." Th« Midlaitd Counties Hi^rala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

The Sydney' Mail

and

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS:—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and ihe FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIKE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia. &c. It contains
a large amount ot information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Smgle Copies, dd. \ Stamped, -^d.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street& Co.. ?o, Cornhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, 186. Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester.. James & Henry Grace. 73, Market Street.

Edinrurgh Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

^^ Copies of each Jotirnal a7'e filed at the
above Offices fo? the ttse of Advertisers.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business,
— Full particulars on application to A. B , Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41. Wellington Mreet, Strand, London, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, for a
Public Institution. He must be accustomed to ihe Lay-
ing out of New Grounds and be a successful Planter of Trees
and i^hrubs, and able to Grow Flowers and Plants for Ward
Decoration. He must be capable of Managing a Kitchen
Garden to supply ■^oo persons. Applicants mu.>«t be of strictly
sober habits. Wages to commence 30J. a week, witli house,
coals, and vegetables. — Apply stating age, &c . to Dr.
PHILIPPS, Holioway Sanatorium, Virginia Water, Chertsey.

WANTED, a WORKING HEAD GAR-
DEN ER (with two under), to Grow Fruit and Flowers
under glass and out-of-doors, keeping the place in perfect order.
Only a firM-class woikman will suit. — Stale full particulars to
W. A. GLYNN. Esq., n. Warwick Square. London. S.W.

WANTED, as WORKING HEAD GAR-
DEN ER. where three are kept, a married man without
family, who understands the work in all its brai.ches, including
the cultivation of Orchids.— Apply, by letter, to ALFRED
SHIPLEY, Weslbury-on-Trym, near Bristol.

ANTED, a good GARDENER, to

Manage Flower Garden outdoor, chiefly Herbaceous
Plants, and Kitchen Garden. One assistant. Waees 245-. per
week. No house.— Apply to F. A. PHILBRICK, Oldfield,
Bickley, Kent.

ANTED, Working Single-handed GAR-

DENER, married, without family, to take charge of
Kitchen and Fower Garden?. A master of his business, sober,
intelligent, active, civil, and willing to make himself generally
useful. Must understand Bees. Wife to look after house during
family's absence, and attend to genllemen occasionally visiting.
Two nice unfurnished rooms, two tons of coal, vegetables free,
with 20J, per week to start. — Apply personally up to October
9, to Mr. STEPHEN COURT, The Hermitage, St. Margaret's
Bay, near Dover.

WANTED, a Married Couple, without
encumbrance, fnr the Souih of Enpland— man as GAR-
DENER and GROOM, wife as Plain COOK. Lodpings.
fire, and light found.— Apply, staling wages and age, to J. C,
Estate Office, Kenmere, Aberfeldy.

T^T" AN TED^ good SECONDGARDENER.

W — Single; one who is industrious and thoroughly un-
derstands In and Outdoor Work. Wages L\ per week. No
bothy.— Apply, by letter only J. ANNING, The Gardens,
Digswell House, Welwyn.

WANTED, as FOREMAN, a thoroughly
energetic and trustworthy young man, well up in his
work. — English. Wages, i8j. per week, boihy. Vegetables and
milk.— W. BUGGINS, The Gardens, Woodlands Castle, Clon-
sitta, Dublin.

WANTED, a FOREMAN, in the Gardens,
Petworth, Wages £1 per week, bothy, milk, vege-
tables. &c. — Apply, by letter, stating age and previous situa-
tions, to GEO. BREESE. The Gardens. Petworth.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN
to take entire Charge of a Fruit and Vegetable Garden.
— H. HANSON, New Yard. Great Queen Street. W.C,

WANT^D^ a FOREMAN PROPA-
GATOR and GROWER of Soft-wooded PUnts, to a. t
as Salesman when required —State age. wages expected, wiih
references, to R. OWtN, Yewden. Henley-on-Thames.

ANTED, as .SHOPMAN, in a London

House, a young man who has a knowledge of the Herb
and Seed Trade. Special advantages offered to a good salesman.
Apply, by letter, stating age and salary required, to A. B.,
Gardeners' Chronicle O^^CQ 4r, Wellineton Street. Strand. W,C.

WANTED, a young man, as SALESMAN
and AGENT for a good Cut Flower and Plant braiicli
in a targe provincial town. W.iges and commission. A first-
class opening for a man desiious of making his way. — MAR-
SHALL BROS, and CO.'Jhe Nurseries. Barnham. Bogncr.

XyANTED, one or two JUNIOR CLERKS.

» » Peiininent and progressive situition 10 steady, hard-
working men.— Apply, stating age, experience, wage-; expei:ted,
to 'IHOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham,
London.

WANTED, in a large Provincial Market, a
MAN to assist in the Sale of Cut Flowers, Seeds, and
General Nursery Stock both indoors and out. He must have a
good general knowledge of the trade in its several branches, and be
a good Salesman.— 20. Gardeners' Chronicle Ofhce, 4r, Welling-
ton Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a young
MAN, accustomed to General Florists' Work.— State
wages required, and a copy of recent testimonial to J.
WILSON, Florist, Folkestone.

WANT PLACES.

*** Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
■with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to ftilfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• l.ite Firm of DOWNIE & Lairu) can at present recom-
mend with every confidence several tirst-rale SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities maybe thoroughly de-
pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM B.\ILIFFS.— 17. Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
. has at present it the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vincy.ird
and Nurseries, Garston. are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John Downie. Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to .£100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full paiticiilars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

GARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept. — Age 40. three in family ; six years* character.
— GARDENER, Cazenove House, Clapham Common, S.W.

GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept.— Middle-aged, married ; disengaged October
18.— GARDENER, Brookl.uids, Ch.irmin.stcr. Dorchester.

GARDENER (He\d).— Age 28, married,
one child ; fifteen years* experience in all branches.
Good recommendations.— W. WARD, 5, Malings Terrace,
Caversham, Oxon.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three
aie kept. — Age 39 ; fourteen years' practical experience
in all br,inclics of the profession. Four years' good character. —
T. W., Farringdon, Alton, Hants.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married,

no family ; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Orchids, Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Highly
recommended.— F. MOORE, 39, Fleet Street, Rosehill, Derby

October 4, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

447

GARDENER (Head). — Age 30 ;
ihoroughly practical in all branches of Horticulture.
Can Manage Land and Slock if required. — EDWARD
OGSTON, The Gardens, Winslade, Clyst Saint Mary, ue:>r
Exeter.

/GARDENER (Head).— Age 35 ; thoroughly

VJ eflicicnt in all branches of Gardening. Cap-^ble of
Man.iRing a first-class Establishment. Excellent character.
Seven years' Gardener to the late E. Potter, Esq. — W. COL-
TON, Canifield PKice, Hatfield. Herf^.

ARDENER (Head); age 44, mamed, no

family.— j^S will be given to any one procuriuR a Rood
sitiL-ition for a Head Gardener, who thoroughly understands
every branch of his profession. Good lesiimonials. — J. G.,
Notih Street, Melbourne, Derby.

ARDENER (Head). — Charles Love is

at liberty to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleiniiu
requiring ihe services of an experienced Gardener. Has been
three and a half years with picsent employer, Sir Charles Cooie.
— Ballyfin, Queen's County, Irel.ind.

ARDENER (Head), where one or two are

kept.— Age 27, married, no family; nine and a half
years' experience in good esiablishnienis. Weil recommended
from present and previous places— H. JACQUES, 47, Upper
Paik Road, Hamp^tead, N.W.

ARDENER (Head), where three or four

are kept ; age 30. — Mr. K. Clarke, Gardener, Cannon
Hall, 13arnsley, can confidently recommend his Foreman, J.
Street, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring tlie services of a
good Gardener. Fifteen years' experience, three in present
situation. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— W. J.
Irki.and can with every confidence recommecd his
Foreman (R. HoUway) to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring
the services of a thoion^hly trustworthy and energetic man.
Experience gained in some of the leading English garden:;, and
lately Foreman at Headfort. Good chiracter. Full particulars
on application.— W. J. IRELAND, Headfort Gardens. Kells,
Ireland.

GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept, — Age 39, married, no family ; understands
Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines,
Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Nine years in last situaton : left through breaking up of estab-
lishment. Excellent testimonials from last and previous em-
ployers — S. S., Mr. F. Webber, Quarry Hill Nursery, Ton-
bridge. Kent.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married, no
incumbrance. — R- Faikbairn, who has been in the
capacity as Head Gardener to the Marquis of Waterford, offers
his services to a Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a practical,
energetic man, who thoroughly understands his profession.
Four years' in present situation. Would take a situation in
Ireland or England. Highest references. — Address, with
particulars, Cuira°hmore Gardens, Portlaw, Co. Waterford,
Ireland.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,

married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of
Gardening. Six years' good character. — W. T., ig. Nightingale
Road, bromley, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 41,

married ; two years' good character from present place,
four previous. Or to grow for Market on a private scale. — W,,
Head Gardener, Manor House, Crayford, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,

single ; fourteen vears' experience. Good character.
Total abstainer. -J. McMlLLAN, " The British Workman,"
Abbey Square, King's Road, Reading, Berks.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 37,

married. — A. Williams, late Head Gardener to Major
Walrond, Dulford House, Devon, seeks re-engagement.
Twenty-two years' experience. Well recommended. — A.
WILLIAMS, Dulford, CuUompton, Devon.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,

married ; fourteen years' experience in every branch of
the profession. Three and a half years' good character from
present employer, and nine from the previous. — G. W. ISAAC,
The Gardens, Searls, Uckfield.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married, one chdd ; well experienced. Ten years in
present situation. Good references. — GEORGE ADAMS,
(^dener to J. N. Drew, Esq., Bridge House, CuUompton,
Devon.

GARDENER (Head Working).—
Thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers,
Melons, Early and Late Forcing. Orchids, Stove and Green-
house Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. First-class
references.— F. E., 8, Park Road, Chislehurst.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
married, three children ; eleven and a half years in last
situation Good reference as to capabilities and general cha-
racter. Thoroughly understands his business. Eastern Counties
preferred. — H. S., Bell & Sons, Nurserymen. Norwich.

r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 41,

V-T married, no children; thoroughly understands Vines,
Melons. Cucumbers. Stove and Greeohouse Plants, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Good character given from last employer. —
W. B., 45. Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.

(^ ARDENER (Head Working), where

VJX two or three are kept. — Age 31, single; fifteen years'
good experience. House, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening.
Three years' good character from last place. — E. J., Mrs.
Willmer, Stationer, West Street, Dorking.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 46,
married, one son (age 12) ; well versed in Early and Late
Forcing and General Management of Flower and Kitchen
Gardens. First-class references.— H. F. SURMAN, Brixworth,
Northampton.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33 ;

twenty years' practical experience with Grapes, Peaches,
Melons, &c., Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Eight years as Head Gardener. First-class refer-
ences.— A., 3, Canterbury Terrace, Canterbury Road, Cat-
ford, S.E.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
IJAILIKL''. — Age 44 ; thorough practical in all branches,
the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, and Flower and
Kitchen Gardening. Lmd and S:ock, and has been a successful
Kxhibitor. — F. HICKS. Gardener to Sir Chas. Oakeley, Bart.,
Frittenden House, Staplehurat, Kent.

GARDENER.— Understands his business.
Studies economy. — Eight years' good character. — C. F. ,
6, Selbourne Road, Wallhamstow, Essex.

C ^ARDENER; age "^^ married, 3 children. —
•^ AGiiNTLEMAN wlshcs to recommcd his Gardener, wluj
has been with him four years. Cause of leaving through giving
up. Has had seventeen years' experience. — W. D , Sir Thomas
Dakin, Upper Tooting, Surrey.

GARDENER (WORKING) ; age 30, single.-
A Lady wishes to recommend a goon Wurkmg Cirdener.
Left at master's death.— C. C, Duiiford, Midhursl.

/^ARDENER (Single-handed, or where

\~^ help is given). — Age ^3, single ; abstainer. Good e.vpe-
ricnce and references. Please stale wages. — E. F., 79. South-
ville, Wandsworth Road, London, S.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Wife
understands Dairy, Poultry &c. Both highly re-
commended.— JOHN Gl USON, Farnacrcs, Ravcusworth,
Gateshead-on-'i'yne.

C ^ARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or other-
-* wise). — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his
Gardener as above ; thoroughly understands the profe.-sion.
Wife as good Cook if required. — Apply by letter to K , 62,
Paternoster Row, London, E.C.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or other-
wise.— Age 32, single ; Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers,
Vines, Greenhouses, &c. Two years' good character — four in
previous.— HENRY WILLIAMS, 47, Upper Park Road,
Hampstead, London, N.W.

GARDENER, good Single-handed, has
been in the family five years. — A Lady wishes to
recommend her Gardener as above. Married, age 35. No
objeclijn to a cow. — E. R., 6, Grafton Road, New Maldon,
Surrey.

GARDENER (SECOND, or Single-handed).
— Age 27 ; two and a hali years in present situation. — W.
WHEELER. Bigg=," Nursery, George Lane, Lewisham, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), where five or more
are kept. — Age 2r, single ; six years' experience. Good
character— W. GRIFFITHS. Ayot Si. Lawrence, Welwyn,
Herts.

GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept. — Age 28, smgle ; willing to assist outside.
Good references. Please state wages. — R. J,, Oakfield
Crescent, Haverstock Hill, N.W.

GARDENER (Second), or FLOWER and
KITCHEN GARDEN MANAGER.— Age 28: good
testimonials as to character and ability. — F. HUMPHRYS,
Bricket Wood, Watfoid, Hens.

GARDENER (Second), or FOREMAN, in
a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden. — Understands all
branches ; House and Table Decorations if required. — H. R.,
2, Park Road, Chislehurst.

ARDENER (Under) ; eight years' ex-

perience in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two and a
half years in last situation. Character indisputable. — F.
CRIPPS, 15, Red Lion Street, Richmond, Surrey.

/':j.ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's

V^ garden. — Age 20, respectable ; three years' experience in
Kitchen Garden. Good character.— W. FOSTER, Holne, Ash-
burton, Devon.

GARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER in
a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 20 ; five years' general
experience. Total abstainer. First-class references. — W. S.,
Stafford House, Hayward's Heath, near Cuckfield, Sussex.

ORCHID-GROWER, or as FOREMAN
where a good Collection of Orchids are Grown. — Age 23 ;
nine years' experience in good establishments where Orchid-
culture has been carried on extensively. Highest references
from present and previous situations. Abstainer. — C. R., Gar-
deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C,

FOREMAN, in the Houses. — £z given to
any one procuring Advertiser a permanent situation as
above in a private establishment. Well experienced. Five
years' good character, — T. R., Beard & Co.. 8, High Street,
St. John's Wood, London, N.W. _

FOREMAN (General, or otherwise).— Mr.
Thomson, Gardener to the Duke of Grafton, Wakefield
Lodge, Stony Stratford, Bucks, can highly recommend a
thoroughly practical and experienced man as such,

O R E M A N, or~GROWER.'— ^ge^28,

married ; 12 years' practical experience in Propagating
and Growing of Soft-wooded Plants for London Market Five
years' good character from last employer. — F. C, 8, Nursery
Cottages, Longlands, Sidcup, Kent.

OREMAN PROPAGATORand GROWER

where Cut Flowers and Plants are wanted for Market.
— Age 26 ; twelve years in the London Market Trade. Good
character. Please state wages. — A, B., Mr. Payne, 4, Brent
Street, Hendon, N.W.

OREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 42 ;

twenty years' experience in Growing for the London
Markets, Palms, Ferns, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Choice
Cut Flowers, Grapes, Cucumbers and Tomatos. — A. B. , Mr.
Claik, Sheppy Cottages, Stoke Newington Common, N.

IVURSERY FOREMAN, or FOREMAN

-L 1 and PROPAGATOR.— Eighteen years' experience in
leading nurseries. Well versed in the Value and Cultivation of
General Nursery Stock. Six years with W. Wood & Son,
Maresfield First-class references.— M. BARNETT, PUtdown,
Uck£eld, Sussex.

NURSERY FOREMAN or ROSE-
GROWER. — Age 30, married ; sixteen years' experi-
ence in the first houses in the trade. Eight years in last placa .
— C. J. DUCK, 62, Devonshire Place, Handbridge, Chester.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 22 ; five years' experi-
ence in the Propagation of Roses, Fruit Trees, Conifera;,
Rhodoiiendrons, &c. Good references. — T. RIGG, lo, London
Road Terrace, Carlisle.

PROPAGATOR of Stove and Greenhouse
PUnts. Kerns, he. ; aleo GROWER of same, 'fen
years' practical experience in several trade nurseries. Five
years employed entirely in Propagating Houses in first
situation, and Grafting of Aj^aleas, Camellias, &c., in a Belgian
nursery,— Mr. J. FARNSWORTH, Mr. May, Nurseryman,
Dyson's Lane, Edmonton, London, N.

PI^^PAGATOR ancfGROWE R of Gardeni.is,
Eucharis, Palms, Orchids, choice Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Forcing of Flowering Routs, Hulbs, &c. Good
references. — A. L., 8, London Road, Nottingham.

JoTjRNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in
a good establishment. — Age 23 ; can be well recom-
mended. Two and a half years in present situation. — E.
KIRBY, The Gardens, Orton Hall. Peterborough.

TOURNEYMAN (First); age 19, English.

^y —Mr. T. JACKSUN, Berry Hill, Maii-vlieid, Notts, wibhes
highly to recommend a young man, as abnve, who hr-s served
under him for the past fourteen months — For references apply
above ; for particulars to WM. RUSSELL, Castle Saunderaon,
Belt urbet, Cavan, Ireland.

TOURNEYMAN (Inside).— Used to London

C-f M.arket Work. Slate wages. — W. V., 270, Soulhwatk
Park Road, Beimondsey, S.E.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 2r.
— Mr. Silver, Brynkinalt Gardens, Chirk, Ruabon, will
be pleased to recommend a very steaJy, industrious, energetic
young man as above in a good establishment.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentle-

?' man's establishment. — Age 20 ; two years' excellent
character.— C. MERKINGTON, 39, Zennor Road, P.alham,
Surrey, S.W.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good estabUshment,
where Early and Late Forcing is carried on with spirit ; age
23. — Mr. D. Melville, St. Vincent, Grantham, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

^ establishment. — Age 23 ; can be highly recommended. —
Apply, with particulars, to A. 2,, Mrs. Gilby, Hay Street;
Fulbourn, near Cambridge.

IMPROVER.— A youth (age 19) seeks a
situation under a Foreman in the Houses. Fair knowledge
of above and Orchard Work. Four years' experience. Good
character.— W.WRIGHT, Cotterell's, Hemel Hempsted, Herts.

IMPROVER, in a large estabHshment ; age
19 ; three years in present situation. — Mr. Smvth, Basing
Park Gardens, Alton, Hants, would be glad to recommend a
young man as above.

O NURSERYMEN and GARDENERS.

— Wanted by a young man (age 20) a situation to work in
the Houses. Good character. — T. W,, 30, Hyde Street
Winchester.

O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a youth (i8),

a situation wilh a Florist, where a small salary would be
given to commence with, and a good opportunity of promotion.
Onlybeen out three momhs.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough,
Borobndge, near York

OHOPMAN (Head), MANAGER, TRA-

>^ VELLER, or other similar capacity requiring a thorough
knowledge of the Trade combined with good bu-siness abilities.
— Age 40 ; upwards of 29 years' experience in all branches of the
Retail Seed Trade, — F. A. R., Mr. Bishop, 1, Napier Terrace,
Baltersea Park Road. S.W.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abilities. —
T. H., 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

HOPMAN, SALESMAN, ASSISTANT or

CLERK. — Twelve years' London and Provincial ex-
perience. First-class knowledge of Plants, Palms, and Ferns.
Unimpeachable references. — P., 73, Stamford Stree, London, S.E.

SHOPMAN, or SECOND in good house.—
Age 27 t twelve years' experience. Seeds (Wholesale and
Retail), Plants, &c.— J. H., 19, Birley Street, Lavender
Hill. London, S.W.

SHOPMANr^'r^ASSISTANT. — Age^o';
several years' experience. Thorough knowledge of I'arm
and Garden Seeds, Kulbs, &c Knows Plants. — A. M., ii,
Black Street, cff Parliamentary Road, Glasgow.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Four years' expe-
rience.—w. RIDDELL, Ormiston & Kenwick, Seed
Merchants, Melrose.

To Seedsmen and Nurserymen.

COUNTERMAN, or GENERAL HAND.
— Young ; good Packer and knows Plants well. Unex-
ceptionable references.— W. C. PULLINGER, Post-office,
Goggle shall, Essex.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Epidemicdiseases.
— The alarming accounts of cholera and the prevailing
diarrhoea should be a warning to every one to subdue at once
any irregularity tending towards disease. Holloway's PilU
should now be in every liousehold to rectify all impure stites of
the blood, to remedy weakness, and to overcome impaired
general health. Nothing can be simpler than the instructions
for taking this corrective medicine, nothing more efficient than
its cleansing powers, nothing more harmless than its vegetable
ingiedients. Holloway's is the best physic during the summer
season, when decaying fruits and unwholesome vegetables are
frequently deranging the bowels, and daily exposing thousands,
through their negligence in permitting disordered action, to th«
dangers of diarrhcea, dysentery, and cholera.

448

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 4, i8

R.

S.

DUNBAR

(Late of the THAUES BANK IRON COMPANY)

Begs to intimate to his large circle of Friends in the Horticultural Trade that he has

taken PREMISES at

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.,

a7id is in a position to execute Orders to any extent for Hot-water Pipes, Connections,

Boilers, and General Castings.

^A^INTER APPROACHES.

AU in charge of HOTHOUSES should now look to their BOILERS and re-
member that WEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILER
is the GARDENER'S BEST FRIEND.

The UNIFORM and UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS of this MATCHLESS
BOILER stamps it the Boiler of the age, and enables J. WEEKS & CO. to give
a TEN YEARS' GUARANEEE (subject to the usual conditions) with every
DUPLEX BOILER fixed by them.

NOTE A DOZEN OF ITS ADVANTAGES!!

—GREAT DURABILITY— ■Caft average durability is 20 years.

— Being of CAST IROA\ it is infinitely more durable than any Wrought-iron Boiler.

—It is MORE POWERFUL and has performed GREATER ACHIEVEMENTS
than any Boiler extant.

—The HOLLOW FURNACE BARS last 11 years longer than the ordinary Solid
Bars, and ADD TWENTY PER CENT. OF POWER.

— All Sediment can be removed.

— Any ordinary labourer can periodically CLEAN OUT THE BOILER, without dis-
placing the settmg.

— Perfect SAFETY is insured.

— A breakdown or failure is almost IMPOSSIBLE.

—In case of repairs to ONE SECTION oi the Boiler, the REMAINING PORTION
can be left in operation.

— The Boiler being in SECTIONS can be passed through a doorway i ft. 6 in. wide.

—NO NIGHT STOKING REQUIRED. This, in addition to their RELIABILITY,
saves the Gardener a VAST AMOUNT OF TROUBLE AND ANXIETY.

— Weeks's Upright Tubular is the ONLY BOILER that offers these advantages, which
cannot fail to be of the utmost interest and benefit to the Horticultural World.

PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

HOETICULTORAL EgfimEERS, KCTGf'S SOAP, CHELSEA, S.W.

The Thames Bank Iron Company,

UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Illustrated CATALOGUE, ii^th edition, price \s.

Price List on application Free.

Medals

also Special Certificate,

Awarded May 22. 1883.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Confiplete, or | i\

the Materials supplied.

^ See Gardeners ChronicU, June 7, 1883.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free SJd.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbubv. Agnbw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whiiefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellmeton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturhav, October 4, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnziks & Co. EHinbureh and r,la<«ow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Cfiitaljlisijcti 1841.

No. 563.— Vol. XXII. {s^r"?;.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1884. {

Registered at the General ? Price 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. JposT-KREE, 5J£^.

CONTENTS.

Abies Webbiana . .

At-. ides Saiideri.iiium ..

American Association for

the Advancement of

Science, ihe ..
Apples and Pears
Autumn revival ..
Aialea, old white, the ..
Begonias ..
Beiitham, Mr., the late

Bulbs

Celery maggot, the
Chrysanthemum Society,

National
Church decorations
Clove Camaiions at Mr.

Goubert's nursery
Cryptogamic meeting of

the Kssex Field Club
Cyclamen hedersTotium
Dahlia, new use for a .,
Damson Crittenden

,, Stiood Cluster
Dendrobium cruenlum ..
Euphorbia cyparissias ..
Flower garden, the
Flowers in season
Foiestry, International . .
Fruit notes
Fruits under glass
Fungus foiay in Epping

Forest

Gaultheria nummulari*

oides
Gladiolus The Bride
Grapes in cool vineries

„ outdoor

Hedychium Gardneria-
nuni . . ,, , ,

Kniphofia Macowani ..

Langport. Mr. Kelway's
nurseries at

Lapagerias, seedling

Lowther Castle . .

National Footpath Pre-
servation Society

Oncidium varicosuni var.
Rogersii

Orchid notes

Plants and their culture
„ in bloom at theHale
FarniNurseries..
,, new garden

Piciones

Potato disease, the

„ exhibition, Interna-
tional
,, show, the ..

Potatos

Plumbago LarpentcC

Plums, second crop of . ,

Preston Hall

Rosery, the

Societies : —

Crystal Palace, Hardy
Fruit and Inter-
national Potato Show

Spyers memorial, the

Tomatos . . . .

Tour, a gardening

Tulip, the . .

Vegetable Marrow

Violets

Weather, the

473
466

457
469
455

468

460
460

,62

■470
456
460

4 39

4S7
4 '4
466
464
47>
4'.1
472

47!
464
470
458
466
470
45S
474

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Abies Wtbbiana 465

Euphorbia cyparissias .. .. .. .. .. .. 469

Gaultheria nummularioides .. .. ,, .. .. 457

Preston Hall 461

qrHE GARDENERS CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America ;— C H. MAROT, 8r4, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.

EGYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S.W.
NOTICE I -COMMITTEES' MEETINGS. Fruit and
Floral, at it A.M , on TUESDAY NEXT, October 14, in the
Conservatory.

FRUIT and VEGETABLE SHOW, OCTOBER 14. ij.
and 16, and Competition for Prizes offered by Messrs. J. C.
Wheeler & Sons.
N.B.— Exhibitors' Entrance, West side of Royal Albert Hall.

EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S,W.
EXHIBITION of FRUIT (Pears and Apples) and
POTATOS, in connection with the International Health Exhi-
bition, in the Conservatory, on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
and THURSDAY, October t4, ts, and 16.

N.B. Exhibitors' entrance. West side of Royal Albert Hall.

OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-

TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW in the Town Hall, Man-
che.ster, on TUESD.W, November 18 next. For Schedules
apply to the undersigned, BRUCE FINDLAV,

Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.

HULL and EAST RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW will be held in
the Public Rooms, Jarratt Street, Hull, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY, November 2a and 21.

The Prizes, which amount to nearly ONE HUNDRED
POUNDS for CHRYSANTHEMUMS alone, include the
following ;— 48 Blooms, £to, £7, ^4, jCi.
24 Blooms, ;Cs, jCz 10J-, Xi, lof.
Schedules may be had on application to

R. FALCONER TAMESON, ) Hon.
WM. HAWKS WORTH, fSecs.

Queen's Dock, Hull.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Division I., INrEXTlONS. Division II., MUSIC.
Pairen—yiEK Majesty the Queen.
PrfSu/i^nt—H.'R.li. THE Prince of Wales. K G.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Printed Forms, which will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY. International Inventions Exhibition, South
Kensington. S.W. These must be filled up and returned on
or before NOVEMBER i, 1884.

CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milneh. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the Nonh Tower.

Pub'ic Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 i-.M Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

"T? PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium. — Special

J— i • Price LIST for Nurserymen, of a considerable stock of
Commercial Plants, sent free on application.

T 1ST of PED^IGREE~RbsES for the

-*—' Autumn, now ready and will be sent post-free on
application.

H. BENNETT, Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepperton,
Middlesex.

REEN HOLLIES. —The present"u~th^

best lime for Planting Holly Hedges.

1 foot, bushy .. 21s. per 100 S

2 feet, with leaders sos. per 100 VAII well rooted.

3 feet, with leaders 755. per ioo3

H. LANE ANn SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamslcd, Herts.

riENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA. —The

^^ most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants— easily

raised from seed, which is ihecheapest way toobtain a stock, ir.

per packet (about I03 seeds), 2j 6ii. per packet (ibout 300 seeds).

HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
IJUDDENBURG BROS., BuLB Growers,

-L* HiUegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current ol Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

Established 20 years.
TTERBACEOUS P^. ONIES.

■^■*- Now is the time to plant.

A very select Collection of about 60 choicest varietie.<;, in
various shades of Primrose, Lemon, Pink, Rose, White, Crim-
son, £:c., many of them sweetly scented. Extra strong bloom-
ing plants 91., i2,f., and iSs. per dozer>.

J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfidd Nurseries. Matlock.

Established 1860.
T V. REES (late Robert Parker), Hardy

t/ • Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS.
IRI.S GERMANICA, PHLOXES. POTENTILLAS,
P./EONIES, &c. Selections of 100 showy varieties from sos.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey, S W.

T/'ENTIA CANTERBURYANA.— GeTi^T-

J-\_ nated Seeds. Write for price (carriage and package
free), to F. H. DAMMANN, Gorlitz, Germany.

Dutch and other Bulbs.

CHARLES TU RNER'S CATALOGUE
is now ready.
The first consignment is to hand, in excellent condition.
The NEW ROSE CATALOGUE is in the Press.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

"n^IGHTY THOUSAND ~1:LEMATIS in

J— ^ pots, of all the finest Double and Sing'e varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Bedding, from 12s. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Tree Ferns.

AUSTIN AND McASLAN have to offer 2
ALSOPHILA AUSTRALIS. with straight stems,
II feet high, in girlh i foot g inches, handsome symmeirlcal
plants; and i DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA (fibroja var.).
stem 5 feet 8 inches high, in girih 3 feet 3 inches— a very fine
plant. 16, Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

To Nurserrmen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C, isopen to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower
Salesmen. Covent Garden. W.C, have special facili-
ties this season for the SALE of MARKET PRODUCE of
the best quality.

BASKETS, BOXES. LABELS, and Directions for Packing
forwarded upon application.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Pitmaslon PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ANTED, GARDENIAS, ORCHIDS,
STEPHANOTIS, ROSES, CALLAs. BOU-
VARDIAS. TUBEROSES, EUCHAkIS, and oih=r CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and HotticuLural Agent,
Covent Garden. W.C.

ANTED, GOOSEBERRY and CUR-

RANT CUTTINGS-all the best Lancashire Prize
and other good sons. Must be true to name. Send LIST of
varieties and price per looo to

DANIELS HROS., Nurserymen, Norwich.

" M L

R Y MORRIS,"

BORDER CARNATION.— Two First-class Cer-
tificates, 3J. a pair, 15s. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
raiser.— H. G. SMYTH, jr. Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C.

TCape Bulbs.
HE BOTANIC GARDENS, Capetown,
Capeof Good Hope, are now Booking Orders for Bulbs
and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, deliverable about February next.
Price Lists on application, ED. HUTT, Seed Manager.

]V"OTICE. — Well-rooted Layers, CARNA-

-^ ^ TION Souvenir dc la Malmaison, 6r. per dozen, jCi per
100 ; also a few dozen Mary Morris, at 6s. per dozen ; Sic
A. RATCLIFF, g, Windsor Road. Hampton. Mlddle-ex

TDALM. — A handsome Specimen for sale,

-^ 8 feet high, by 8 feet wide, in good condition.

W. TOWNSHEND, Gardener. The Lodge, Chingford, Essex.

Priced

Plants are

_ Roses.

pHARLES TURNER'S

V^ CATALOGUE of the above is now ready,
remarkably fine this season.

FKUIT TREES are equally good, trained trees extra fine.

SHRUBS and TREES in great variety, and of all sizes.
^^^ The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

J-T Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS" Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

13ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiftil Illus-

-L' trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on

application.

BARR AND SON. 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

TNDIAN LI LI ES!— Flowering Bulbs of

J- L. neilgherrense, is. dd. each ; L. Wallichianum, aj. td.
and 3^. 6</, each ; L. polyphyllum. 2J. hd. and 35. (>d. each.

The usual allowance to the Trade. All Orders for 25J. carriage
paid to London. Remittance through post office to accompany
orders. Bulbs ready to lift in November and December.
FRANK GRIFFITH, Koiagiri. Nilgiris, India.

'^PREE CARNATIONS.— All the leading

J- varieties in really good stuff, looj. to 130?. per 100.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.

The Grand New Narcissus Incomparabllls GliranteiiB
" O I R W A T K I N,»

k_7 3T. td. each, 365 per dczen, 3501. per ror
Should be in every collection. A "special " offer of other
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities requiied
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS. ' Newton" Nurseries. Chester.

"PREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.

-L Early white blooming. Very sweet scented. One of th;
most useful bulbs that can be grown.

See our I3ulb CATALOGUK, free on application
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and bulb Merchants
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

OMAN HYACINTHS ^nd PAPER

low pr
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London. W C.

T^WARF-TRAINED FRUIT TREES are

J-^ extra fine with us this year. All leading variet.es
of PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, PEAR:;.
APPLES, PLUMS, ,tc. LIST post-free.

GEO. COOUNG *ND SON, The Nurseries Bath

B

WHITE NARCISSUS. Good samples at low pric.s.
In stock.

G

RAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-

LIST

ig Canes; also STRAWUISRRIES in pots,
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN
Surrey.

Nurseryman, Richmo: d.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— All the lead-
ing varieties, well rooted, 3J. per 100, free. SCOIT'S
WASP DESTROYER, the moiteOectual mixture for drsttoyin-
wa.sps -JOHN SCOTT and CO.. Royal Nurseries. Merrioti

T OVEL'S

STRAWBERRY RUNNER,S,

3J. per 101, i2f. 6t/. per 500, 10'. per 1000.

I. IS f of varieties on application.

'■A BOOK A Hour STRAWBERRIES," yt

W. LOVEI, AND SON, Sitawberry Growers, Driffield.

QTRAWBEKRIES.— Strong Roots, a,s. per

k-/ 100, Plants, in small pots. i6j. per loo ; ditto, m large
pots, 251 per 100. Descriptive LIS 1' free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

Strawberries (true to name).

CRANSTON'S NURSEKY and SEED
COMPANY (Limited) have a large quantity of Runners
and Pot Plants to offer, and will be pleased to send a Priced
LIbT on application.

King's Acre. Hereford.

QTRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES.—

r^ Purchaser's selection, strong runners from ground. 31. dd.
per 100 : our ditto, aj. bd. per j ; 5C0 for loj. dd. Plants ia
2!^-inch pots, izJ, 6<^. per 100; m 5-mch pots, 251. per 100.
All the principal sorts [grown, including British Queen, Dr.
Hogg, Jas. Veitch, Keens' Seedling, President, Sir C. Napier,
Sir J. Paxton, Stirling Casile, Vicomtesse H. de Thury, aiul
thirty other varieties. Catalogues on application.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.

450

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, i8

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Weduesflays, suid Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Ureal Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as abovs,
large cousignments of litsi-cl.iss DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past iz o'Clock. fuiishins senerally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tliursday Next.— (Sale No. 6746 )
FLOWERING ORCHIDS. &c

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his G>e.at Rooms, ^a. King
Street, Coveut Garden, W.C, on 1 HURSDAY NEXT,
October 1 6, a COLLECTION of ORCHI DS in Flower and
Bud ; also 47 Vanda Hookerii, 10 Aiindes HouIletianum,and 26
Calanthe Regnieri.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next —(Sale No. 6746.)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 16, at halt
past 12 o'clock precisely, abjut 150 lots of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, including Cattleya Holfordii, Phalaiuopsis Lowii,
P. Stuartiana, scuticaria, Steelei ; Oncidium Lanceanum, Den-
drobium Ainsworthii, Corj'anlhes macrantha, Lxlia Perrinii,
Batkeria cyclotella, Oncidium ceboletta, Cattleya citrina, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6746.)
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, C'jvent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEX'l',
October 16, by order of Mr. F. Sander, e.\tra fine importations
ol CATTLEYAS, ONCIDIUMS, CALANTHES, GALE-
ANDRAS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6746)
TREE FERNS from NEW ZEALAND.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
Sale by auction, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 16, a consignment of tree and other FERNS, just
received from New Zealand in fine condition.

Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6746.)
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent .Garden, W.C , on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 16, by rrder of Messrs. Shutltleworth, Carder & Co.,
Importations of M ASDE VALLI A HARRYANA, in fuUleaf and
splendid condition : ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Ale.x-
andr.x-). CATTLEYA MENDELI, C GIGAS. C. CITRINA ;
L.EI.IA ANCEPS, PILUMNA FRAGRANS var. NOBILIS,
and COMPARETTIA MACROPLECTRON.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (ne.\t door but one to
Bennett's Clock), every MOND.\Y, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACIN'THS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornmgs of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and £8, Chtapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.
UNRESERVED SALE of a small but well-grown COLLEC-
TION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the property of
J. Baglay, Esq., of Knottingley.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL the above by
AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.G.. on TUESDAY, October 14, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, including ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDR.'E and PESCATOREI (several plants). O. MA-
DREMSE, BLUNTI, AURANTIACA, VEXILLARIUM,
CO.'^STRICTUM. &c. ; DENDROBIUM FARMERI and
FARMERI ROSEA, D. FIMBRI.ATA OCULATA SU-
PERBA, MAGNIFICA. WARDIANUM, &c. ; ONCI-
DIU.M- PETOLUM, WALTON! VISCOSUM, CATT-
LEYA PERINII, SKINNER! SUPERBA : L/ELIA
El.EGANS, ANCEPS SUPERBA, and BARKER! : CYM-
BIDIUM EBURNEUM, PERISTERIA ELATA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next-Imported Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
R.ioms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.. on TUESDAY NEXT,
Octubcr 14, a small importation, in line condition, of the very
pretty and frec-llowermg yellow CATTLEYA HOLFORDI ;
also Imported ORCHIDS from Messrs. Sliuttleworth, Carder
& Co., comprising Masdcvallia Harryana, Odontoglossum
Alexandi.-e. Cattleya Mendeli, C. citrina^ C gigas, and others.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Chigwell.— Without Reserve.

CLEARANCE SALE of VALUABLE GREENHOUSE

and OTHER PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Piemises, Olamigh
Nursery, Podding Lane, Chlgwell (two miles from Chigwell
Lane St.alion), on WEDNESDAY, October 15. at 2 o'clock
precisely, without reserve, the whole of the valuable STOVE
and GREIiN HOUSE PLANTS, including Soo Licuala gratis-
sima, 500 Maidenhair Ferns, Asparagus phimr.sa, Stephanotis,
choice Palms, the entire stock of the double wliite Lapageria,
also L, rosea superba. Gardenias. Azaleas. Tea Roses a

ainotiiv of Shrubs, WHEELBARROWS, and other
TENSILS.

Mjy be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, at the principal local Inns, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68 Cheapside, London, E.C.

Wednesday Next.

300 CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, .and other PLANTS from
Belgium; a fine A.isortment of choice FERN'S, P.\LMS,
and DECORATIVE PLANTS from English Nur>eriei,
some in bloom : lo;;ethcr with about 500 lots of HV.\-
CINTHS. TULIP.S, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and
other DUTCH KULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
■will SELL the above, at ihetr Central Sale R<ioms,
^7 and 68, Cheapside, EC, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 15, at hatf-past 12 o'Cloclt precisely.

On view morning; of S.ile, an(J Catjlogues had.

Wednesday Next.— Hampton, Middlesex.

About fifteen minutes' walk from Hampton or Fulwell Stations.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Ostorn
Nursery. Hampton, on WEDNESDAY, October is. by order
of Mr. Will. Tayler, at 12 o'Clock precisely, 75,0:0 "fine SEA-
KALE for forcing, 400 VINES in p ,ts, aoooFKUlT TREES,
800 standard Victoria PLUMS, Pyramid FRUIT TREES
in pots, 12,000 Dwarf ROSES of the finest sorts, in lots to suit
the Trade and large buyers.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of Ihe Auctioneers, 67 and C8, Cheapside, EC.

Thursday Next.— Lower Norwood, S.E.

ANNUAL SALE of CHOICE ESTABLISHED

ORCHIDS,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Henry James to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Castle Nursery, Lower
Norwood, S.E., abiiut two minutes' walk from the Station, on
THURSDAY NEXT, October i6. at 12 o'clock precisely, a
selection of about 150 lots of beauiifully-grown ESTAC-
LISHED ORCHIDS, clean hsalthy plants, including a fin-:
lot of Odontoglossums and rate Ma-idevallia?, Odontoglossum
grande m^goitica, O. pardinum (true species), Cattleyas and
Phalienopsis, Oncidium ni^ratum (new), certificated 18S3 ; O.
sessile (sc;irce), and olliers ; an assurlment of you;ig and clean-
grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, Specimen
CAMELLIAS, A2ALEAS, LAPAGERIAS, Tree CAR-
NATIONS, a varieiy of ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES, and OIHER STOCK.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 ard 63, Cheapside, EC.

Dorking.

CLEARANCE SALE of thrivrng young NURSERY STOCK,
the land being required immediately by the Burial Board for
the extension of the Cemetery.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. J. Ivery & Son to SELL by
AUCTION, without reserve, at the branch Nursery known as
the Cemetery Nursery, Reigate Road, Dorking, ten minates'
walk from the town, and about the same distance from the Bo-X
Hill and Dorking Station', on THURSDAY, October 16, at
12 o'clock to the minute (in consequence of the number of lots)
the whole of the well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
6000 fine Laurel>, i to 3 feet; loco Bo.v, i to 3 feet; 6co
Aucubas, I to 2 feet ; 1000 Portugal Lauiels, 3C00 Privet, a to
3 feet ; a quantity of Austrian, Weymouth and other Fine?,
Irish and other Yew^, Deciduous Shrubs in variety 400 fine
Limts, Planes, Poplai?, Catatpas, and other ornamental Trees,
also a quantity of Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Fruit Tree=,
together with some large specimen CAMELLIAS, smaller
ditto, and AZALEAS.

The stock may now be viewed. Catalogues had of Messrs. J.
IVERY AND SON at either of their Dorking or Reigale
Establishments ; and of the Auctioneers' and Valuers at their
Central Sale Rooms and Office?, 67 and 68, Cheapside E.C.

Wimbledon, S.W. ~^

A few minutes' walk from the railway station, whence goods
may be transmitted to all parts.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOUR DAYS' SALE of beauti-
fully-grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. D.
S. Thompson & Son, in cinsequence of the expiration of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nursery,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nurseries, Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY.
October 20, and three following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely
each day, several Acres of remarkably well-erown NURSERY
STOCK, including 7003 Laurels, iJ4 to 3?'3 feet; 10,000 oval-
leaved Privet, fine bushy plants, 2 to 4 feet ; Sooo Berberis
Aqulfolia, i to a feet ; iSoo green Euonymus, 3000 Aucuba
japonica, \ to i\i feet; 3000 Deciduous Shrubs, in variety;
Portugal Laurels, green Hollies, English Yews, Planes, Limes,
Poplars, Standard Thorns, and other Ornamental Trees, 4000
Standard and Half-standard Roses, 10,000 Fruit Trees, consist-
ing of Standard and Pyramid Pcar-i and Plums, Standard Vic-
toria Plums, Horizontal and Dwarf-trained Apples and Pears,
Dwarf-trained Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, fine Goose-
berries and Currants, Orchard-house Trees in pots, and other
stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues m.-ty be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 63,
Cheapside, E.C.

Flowering Orchids,— Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg 10 announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of
FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY,
October 28, and they will be glad to receive notice of entries in
the course of the ensuing week.
f? and 68. Cheapside. E.C-

Fifth and Final Gr^at Clearance Sale, by order of

Messrs. Ewing & Co., who have discontinued their busi-
ness at Eaton, near Norwich, the Land havui^ now bean
Sold, Highly important Sale of the Fifth Portion of the
extensive, well-grown, and thriving young NURSERY
STOCK, in excellent condition, comprising io,coo Roses of
the choicest exhibition kinds of Teas, Noisettes, and Hybi id
Perpetuals. &c . in and out of pots. Many thousand Fruit
Trees, Bushes, R.-^spberry Canes and Culinary Roots, Nut
and Filbert Bushes, S;c. ico.o.o Ornamental and Forest
Trees, many of them of suitable szes to produce immediate
effect— clean, stout, and well rooted, having been fre-
quently transplanted and skilfully pruned. A laige quan-
tity of Deciduous Flowering Shrubs, icoo CIem:^ti^es, in
choicest and newest variety ; also some Evergreens and
Conifers, and a l.irge stock of Ivies and other Climbers,
both in and out of pots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the abt,ve by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Royal Norfulk Nurseries, Newmarket Koad. Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 39
and 30, at 12 o'Clock precisely each dav. Many of theLotsare
large, and therefore specially adapted to the wants of ex-
tensive purchasers.

May now be viewed. Catalogues on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheap-
side, London, E.C.

Hendon. N W.

Close to tile Rjilw.iy Station.

SALE of UNUSUALLY WELL GROWN STOVE and

GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instiucted by Mr J. H. Pounce to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, Pounce's Nurscrj-. Hendou,
N.W., on WEDNESDAY, October 29, at 12 oClock pre-
cisely, a large quantity of unusually well grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS. 500 specimen Ferns, 5 o3
smaller ditto : a quantity of Eucharis amazonica in Urge pots,
1000 Bouvardias of sorts, 4000 Carnations of the finest varieties
including tlie best new whites ; 350 pot Roses in 32 and 48pots ;
20O0 hne Standard and Dwarf Roses, comprising all the be.>t
sjrts ; a choice collection of Smgle and Double Dahlias, and
other Stoc'K.

May now be viewed. Catalogues nny be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 6S,
Cheapside, London. E C.

The Vale Nursery Grounds, oppoalta Paulton Square,

King's Road. Chelsea, W. — On view.
To Florists, Nursfiyuien, M.iiket Gardeners, and Others.

MR. W. S. LYON has received instructions
from the proprietor, Mr. Brett (lo clear the grounds) to
SELL by AUCTION, as ab.ve, on TUESDAY. October 14
at I P.M.. the whole of the growing TREES, SHRUBS, aud
PLANTS, with a Stephanotis lloribunda in tub, as trained
toroof of greenhouse : election of Twelve GREENHOUSES,
wiihnewsiddle BOILER, steam PIPES, and FLUES; eleven
long Pits and Lights, three erections of tiled potting SHEDS.
5o3-g3lion strong slate TANK; and TANKS, POTS, BAR-
ROWS, TUBS. TOOLS, &c. A strong active chestnut
MARE, HARNESS, cloie body spring VAN, and rubbish
CART, WAGGON El TE («iih po!e, har, and shafts), wiih
patent brake and cushions, in cajiital order. A blaclc MARE,
quiet in h.irness. six yeais old,

On view day previous and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
the ground, and of the Auciioneer, at his offices, 13, Elm P.tik
Terrace. Fulham Road, S.W.

Lynton House, near Elms Rd , Clapham Common, 3.W.

SIOVE and GREENHOU.->E PLANTS.— Early Sale of
Surplus Stock, without reserve. — Fine specimen Camellias,
splendid large Euchiris, just coming into llowcr ; large-
Azaleas ; a handsome Fr.rn, Davallia Mooreana, 8 fc-f t
through; Orchids, &c. By order of Mrs. Pcrrclt. on the
Premises.

MESSRS. PEED AND GREAVES,
HoKTicuLTURAi, AUCTIONEERS, Loughborougli Read,
Brixton, S.W., have been favoured with instruciions to SELL
by AUCTION, the above valuable lots, on WEDNESDAY.
October 15. at 3 o'Clock prompt.

On view one week before the Sale by application to the
GARDENER, down the Lane side of Premises. Catalogue of
the Auctioneers post-free,

Enutsford, Cheshire.
IMPORTANT SALE of NURSERY STOCK, consisting of
fine Pyramidal Specimen Conifera; of all sizes, many from
6 to 12 feet high, and 3 to 6 feet through, including Thui-
opsis, Thuias, Pin us, Cedrus, Araucarias, Abies, Juni-
perus. Silver and oiher Hollies, 6 to 17 feet ; Golden Yews,
Retinosporas, S:c. ; Kirge quanliiies of 2 to 5 feet sizes of
Pinus, Cupressus, Thuiopsi>", Cryptomerias, 300 Retino-
spora plumosa, 100 Retinospora plumosa aurea, 50 Retino-
spora squarrosa, ito3 Rhododendrons, good bushes, 2 t.>
3 feet ; icoo Green Hollies, 300 Aucuba japonica, 300 Ma-
honia Aquifolium, loto Dwarf Hybrid Perpetual Roses, zco
Tea Roses, 300 Standard Roses, large quantities of common
Colchic, caucasicum and Portugal Laurels; icoo Apples
1000 Pears, 20.000 strung Thorn Quicks, several thousand
Oval-leaved Privets, 2 to 3 feet ; 590 Scarlet arid Fancy
Thorns, 503 Limes. 5C0 Horse Chestnuts, 303 Birch Trees,
Flowering Shrub-, itc.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and PIIND
have received peremptory instructions from Messis.
W. G. Caldwell & Sons, to clear a quantity of land required f' r
further use, and SELL by AUClION, on WEDNESDAY.
October 15, at their Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire, about
25.000 of good EVERGREENS and SHRUBS.

Catalogues may be obtained at the Nursery, or from the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester. On view any
working day prior to sale.

WMttington Nursery, 2 miles from Lichfield,

SALE of a WELL-GROWN NURSERY STOCK, at llic
above widely known N urserie?, of sev<*ral hundred thousands
of Trees and Shrubs, consisting of Standard and Pyramid
Apples, Pears. Plums, Nuts, and otlier Fruit Trees, an im-
mense quantity of English Oaks, Ash, Elm, Spruce, Austrian
aud Laricio Pines, &c. A large variety of Deciduous and
Evergreen Slirubs, together with many thousands of trans-
planted and well-rooted hybrids and other Rhododeudtons,
and a fine variety of Ivies, &c. In the Coniferre will be
found a very choice assortment of Cedrus, Cypress. J unipsrs,
Pinus.Retinosporas,Thuias,Yews, &c.; a remarkably fine lot
of Mariichal Niel, Gloire de Dijon and other Roses ; together
with an immense variety of Seedling and Bedding PUnts.

MR. GEORGE MARSDEN will SELL the
above by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Holmes, at
Whitlington Nurseries, on WEDNESDAY .ind THURSDAY,
October 33 and 23, and following d.iy if necessary, commencing
at 10 o'clock cith day. Conveyances will meet all the cirly
Trains up to 10 o'Clock each day. at the " Trent Valley " and
"City" Stations, Lichfield. For the convenience of Purchasers,
any lot or lots can remain on the ground until March i, 1SS5.

Catalogues will he ready r.i days prior to \.\\c Sale, and can
be had at the MiiiUuui Counius Hctahi Ofllce, the place of
Sale, aud the Auctioneer, Wirksworth, Derby.

SEED BUSINESS for SALE, a. thoroughly
genuine concern, established upwards of half a century,
and now for Disposal in consequence of death of Pror.rictnr. The
Premises, which are prominently situate in t^\\ important Town,
comprise large Residence, Warehouse, Stabling, &c. Luitt;
lease and low rent.

A renson^ble ulTer will be entertained to effect an immediate
Sale, KuUp-irticul.irsofMessrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS,
67 and 68, Cheipside, E.C. Specially recommended.

I~7HJr DISPOSAL, an established SEEDS-
. MAN and FLORIST BUSINESS, with a good jobbinp
connection. Ad excellent chance for any one with asinall capiur
E. C , 3S, High Street, Highg.ite, N.

To Gardeners, Florists, &c.

FOR SALE, several acres of FREEHOLD
LAND, well adapted for the above Trades, riso a C-
Roomcd COTTAGE, with Land suitable for the Erection of
Glass Houses, within 10 minutes' of Hampton Station.

J. EMBLETON, SulFolk House, New Hampton.

October ii, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CffRONlCLE.

45 i

To Market Growers and Florists.

For Sale at PulliocDown Price, by orjer of the Morl(;.<BM=-

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL the whole of the GLASS
ERECTIONS, measuring a total length of .ibout j-too feet,
with the LEASE of about eleven years luiexpired, 4^4 acres of
LAND and COTTAGE. Kent A^s. Price for the Glass uii
application at Messrs. PROTHEROE ANn MORRIS'
Otiices. 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C.

rpo BE LET or SOLD, by order of the

X. Morlg.ngee (no Stock to take to), the LEASEHOLD
NURSERY and GLASSHOUSES at Brockley, lately
occupied by E. Denscn & Co. The Premises comprise large
Plot of Ground, Conservatory, and long Greenhouse, divided

into four comp-artments.

Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. E.C^

O FloiTsts and Ot^hers.— TO BE SOLD, a

FLORIST'S BUSINESS. Goodwill a Kirgain RentjC'jD.
Splendidoppottunity.— PIPER & SON, Auctioneers.Worlhing.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and FoREiGM Smrkt and Plate Glass, White
Lbad, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colouk Mbrcmants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

ROTHEROE^nd MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

Lily of the Valley.— Strong German Crowns.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Sales.man and
Horticultural Agent, Ci.veut Gardeft, W,C., will
be pleased to receive Orders for the above. Large Orders
executed direct from Germany.

AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, SPIR.EAS. and numerous other
stock from the best Continental Growers. Full particulars ou
application.

Early Orders for LILY OF THE VALLEY paxUculaily
requested.

HEASANT-EYE NARCISSUS.— To be

SOLD, cheap, the ground beiiie let for building purposes,
fine strong roots, in bunches, as dug up, loi. per bushel,
package free, for cash. Also surplus stock of line gold FERNS,
m large 6o's, 8 inches high, 6j. per dozen ; smaller, 31. per d zen.
POPE AND SONS, King's Norton Nurseries, near Birmingham.

TO BE SOLD, Two magnificent Variegated
ALOES, 7 feet 6 inches high, 9 feet 6 inches spread.
To be viewed, and price obtained, at
The Lodge, Harmondsworth, near West Drayio.i Station.

EEDLING PALMS. — Seaforthia elegans

and Latania botbsnica, 10 inches and 12 inches lii^h, in
thumbs, 2M. per loo, good healthy English-grown stulT. Small
quantity can be had as sample, y. per dozen.

R. COOMBS, 98, Stamford Hill, N.

TREE CARNATIONS, fine bushy plants,
12 to iS inches high, of Miisjoliffe, Andilusia. Lady
Sefton, Laura, and others, t^os. per ico. BOUVARDIAS,
very strong and bushy, in 48's, all the best Double aod Single
kinds, 40f. per 100

W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.

Prices or Alpine Plants.

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, of Altlengbach,
Lower Austria, offers : — HELLEBORUS NIGER
(Christmas Roses), splendid strong roots, at 265. per 10:0;
CYCLAMEN EUROPIUM, from iis. to 24^. per 1000;
VERATRUM ALBUM, 455. per 1000 ; NARCISSUS POK-
TICUS, 13X. per loco : LEUCOJUM VERNUM, 13J per
loco ; 20 assorted FERNS, in a collection of the most saleable
soits, highly ornamental, Sox, per 1000.

OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 2tr. : pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards, ■zis.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

New Pernettyaa.

LT. DAVIS' LIST of his New Varieties
• of PERNETrVA MUCRONATA for th"! present
Season is now ready, and may be had on application. The
plants are tioely berried. Early Orders are requesteiH.

Ogle's Grove Nursery, Hillsborough, Co. Down.

To the Trade, Market Growers, and Others

FOR SALE, 40 SPECIMEN EUCHARIS
AMAZONICA. in No. 6 and S pots ; and 400 ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, large pUnts, in J4's, in splendid con-
dition. Anply to

The GARDENER, Oakwood. Crayford, Kent.

ED. PARRE, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium,
offers the following : —
SPIR/EA JAPONICA, very strong clumps, Is. and loj. per

100
SPIR^A PALMATA, 3 stock of 3coo plants, at loj. per 100,

very strong clumps,
AZALEA INDICA, RHODODENDRONS, LILY OF
THE VALLEY, AZALEA MOLLIS, FICUS ELAS-
TICA. PALMS, &c.
CATALOGUE sent post-free to any part of the world.

OUSE'S " PERFECT MARROW "

PEAS can be obtained from the following Firms : —
Messrs. HURST and SON. tsi. Houndsditch, London, E.
„ NUTTING AND SONS, 6-.. Barbican, London. E.C.
„ HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, 14, Tavistock Row,

Covent Garden, W.C.
,1 BARR AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W C.
„ J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, s, Exchange Row,

Nottingham.
„ DICK RADCLYFFE and CO., 128 and 129, High

Holbom. W.C.
„ JAMES VEITCH and SON, King's Road, Chelsea.S. W.
„ HY. CLARK AND SONS, 39, King Street, Covent

Garden, W.C.
„ CHAS. TURNER. Slough.
„ DANIELS BROS., Norwich.

„ CHAS. SHARPE AND CO., Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.
„ LANE AND MARTIN, 227. Brixton Road, London, S.W.
Retail, price ij. per half-pint packet. Wholesale price on
application to

J. HOUSE, Seed Store, Peterborough. J

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an ADDITION will
be mide to the LIST of PENSIONERS of this Institution iu
JANUARY NEXT.

All persons desirous of becoming Candidates are re(iucstcd to
send ill tlu-ir ajtplicatior.s and testimonials to the Commltlcc, on
or before the 10th November ne.\t, after which day they will
not be received.

Preference (in accordance with Rule No. 6) will be given to
those applicants who have been Subscribers for Fifteen Years
and upwards, or their Widows Should there not be sufllcient of
this c!.ass of candidates to fill the Vacancies, then the appli*
cations of those who have not subscribed so long, or not at
all, lyill be considered.

Piinted Frrms of Application may be obtained from the
Secretary. — By order,

E. ROGER CUTLER, Sec.

14, Taviitock Row, London, W.C— October o, 1S84.

To the Trade.-Offered hy

HUGH LOW AND CO.
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, or., 12J. per do2.
ARECA LUTESCENS. 48.pots, x%s. per do«.

., RUBRA, graceful Palm, i foot, ici., isfl. per 100. [p. doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 4S-pots, 9:., us,; 32-pois, i8j.

,. GRACILl.IMA, extra size, 32-pots, r2j., 151. per doz.
AZALEA INDICA, well. budded. 121., i;!., 181 , 241., yss doz.

., ,. ALBA, old white, looj., rasj. per too.
BOUVARDIA, while, in (lower and bud, 12J., \%s. per dtz.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 211., 24J., 305. perdtz.

,, double wliite. forward buds, will bloom early, 24J. per doz.
CARNATIONS. Tree, finely budded, 1:1., Li., iSj. per doz.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finely budded, 91., 12J. per doz.

,, GIGANTLUM, finely budded, gj.. 12J. per doz.
DEUIZIA GRACILIS. e.\tra.2a to 30 shoots, 35J.. 401. p. icu
DOUBLE WHITE AZALEAS, 70 to too shoots, budded,

grand for cutting, will bloom early, 6oi , 84 f. per dc7.
DRACHMAS, in variety, I2r., i8j., 30^. per doz.
EPACRIS, in variety, 95 , rzi per dor. [dt/.

ERICA ASSURGENS, while, in flower, 91., 1 2 J., iSr., 21s. per

,, CAFFRA, finely budded, gj., 15*., i?i-. per doz.

„ CERINTHOIDES, scarlet, in Bower, ifs. per doz.

., COI.ORANS. in flower and bud, gr., izi. per doz,

,, GRACILIS, in flower and bud, 91., 17s , i8j., 24.T, p. doz.

,, HYEMALIS. well budded. 9^., 125., 155., 24^., 3 s. p. doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, SCI., 75s. per Ko.

., SANDERIANA, 50J , 75^. per 100.
FERNS, in variety, 4S-pots, tor. per 100.
FICUS ELASTICUS. fine, 21J., 24^., 301. per doz.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, well budded and in
flower, 241., 3CJ., 421. per doz.

„ RADICANS, well budded and in flower, gr., 124. per
doz. ; 6oi. , Zos. per 100.
GENISTAS, very fine, 3j., 104., \2S. per doz.
GOLDEN EUONYMUS, fine for pots, 421., 601,, 754. per .00.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 504.. 755. per 100. [184. doz.

JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, in flower, fine, ij4.,
„ GRACILLIMA, strong, in bud, i8j. per doz.
KENTIAS, 48-pots, 244 , 304. per doz.

LATANIA BORBONICA, splendid plants, 184., 244., 424. dnz.
LAURUSTINUS, French while, well budded, 124., tSj. doz.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E, icoi. per 100.

., PESCATOREI, 1C04. per 100.
PAMPA.S.GRASS, fine plants, in pots. loj. to 4cJ. per 100.
PTYCHOSPERMAALE-XANDR..K, fine plants. iz4,.S4.doz.
RHODODENDRON PRINCESS ALEXANDRA, 91,
124. per doz.

„ PRINCESS ROYAL, gr., 124. per dor.
ROSE WHITE PET, in pots, m bud, 94. per doz.
SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 48.pots, 121. per doz.
SOLANUMS, well berried. 94., 124. per doz.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER, all healthy,
Stout, well grown Plants : —
ALDER, 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet.
ASH, common, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 fe-it.
BIRCH. 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet.
ELM, Wych, 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet.

,, English, 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet.
M.-^PLE, English, 3 to 4 and 4 to 5 feet.
OAK, English, il^ to 2 and 2 to 3 feet.
PINE, Austrian, i, 2, 3, acd 4 feet.fine.
POPLARS, American, 3 to 10 feet.

,, Black Italian, 3 to 10 feet.

,, Balsam, 3 to 10 feet.

., Lombardy. 3 to 10 feet.
PRIVET, Evergreen, 2 to 4 fett ; ovallfolium, 1% to 3 feet.
THORN QUICK, strong, 2 to 4 feet.
SYCAMORES. -zVz to 5 feet.
EERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, iK to 2 feet.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA, 2t0 4feet.

., LAWSONIANA. 6 to 9 feet.
CURRANTS (Ribes). GOLDEN ELDER.
HOLLY, Common, 2 to 5 feet.

„ Hodgins'. maderensis, and other varieties, from 2 to 9 feet.

,. Silver- striped, 6 feet.
IVy, Irish, in pots ; and all other leading varieties of Ivy

in pots.
LABURNUMS, English, 2 to 7 feet.
LAURELS, in variety, 2 to 3 feet.
LILACS, in variety.

RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA and PISIFERA.
YEWS, English, 2 to 4 feet, very fine.

., elegantissima, 2 to 4 feet.
AZALEA PONTICA, i to 3 feet.

RHODODENDRONS, in all the leading varieties; diltn
Seedlings.

„ Hybrids and Ponticums, from 4 to 6 inches to 3 feet.
PRIMROSES. Double, Yellow and White.

For price and particulars apply to

ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseiief, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent.

CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.

Sweet Winter Flowers.
^/'lOLETS — VIOLET S.—

V Now is the time to plant for winter. Large clumps full
of flower, specially grown for winter tlowering.

Doubles,
Belle de Chatenay,
Blandyanum,
Mane Louise,
Neapolitan,
Patrie,
Princess Marie de Savoy,

Sin^hs.
Argentseflora,
Neapolitan.
Odoraiissima,
Victoria Regina,
The Czar,
White Czar.

6r. per dozen, 40^. per ico.

Comte Braza's New Double White Neapolitan, i8x. per dozen.

One of each, package free, yj. ^d.

Usual Trade Discount.

FRED. PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington.

Nurseries, Old Kenilworth Road, and Lillingion Avenue.

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS,

ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

Of CuoKK Hakuy Fi-owiiR-RoOTS for Indoor and Spring
Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under ; —

COLLECTION " F," FOR SPRING GARDENING.
CONTAINING 900 BULBS.

36 Hyacinths, distinct colours

50 Tulips, single early

SO Tulips, double

25 Tulips, single late

20 Narci-ssus. Polyanthus

30 Narcissus, incompaiablc

24 Narcissus, Poeticus

50 Anemones, double

403 Crocus, in 4 distinct colours
50 Ranunculus, double
36 Gladiolus
50 Snowdrops (single)
25 Spanish Ins
25 Triteleia uiiiflora
23 Scilla hyacinthoides
4 Lilium umbcllatum

COLLECTION "C," FOR INDOOR.
CONTAINING 277 Choice BULBS for POTS and GLASSES.
Hyacinths, iS in i3 splendid Naicissus, double and single —
12 in 4 named varieties
Jorqtiils—

named vaiietics
3 Roman Hyacinths

Tulips, single eaily —

12 in 4 fine named varieties
6 Due van Thol, red & yellow
6 ,, ,, scarlet

Tulips, double early —

6 La Caiideur, pute white
6 Rex Rubrorum, fine crimson
6 Touruesol

Crocus —

100 in 10 finenamed varieties

Narcissus. Polyanthus—
12 in 4 finest named varieties

6 Double, sweet-scented

6 Single, ,, ,,
12 Scilla sibirica (pra:co.\)
12 Choice Ixias
12 „ Sparaxis
12 „ Oxalis
12 Grape Hyacinths
botryoides)

6 Eranthis hyemalis

6 Snowdrops

6 Iris Pavonia

(H.

HALF OF EITHER or I HE ABOVE FOR lOi. 6d,

The above Packages mav be had from our Agents, Messis.
MEKTENS andCO., 3, Cross Lane. St. Mary-at-HUI, London,
E.G., on receipt of cheque or Post-office Order.

Fur particulars of our other Collections of bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and rtvis^ed
Catalogue for 1884, which will be sent, post-free, on application
to our Agents, or ourselvesdirect.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen, Overveen, rear
Haarlem, Hollaed.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One !s devoted e.xdusively to NARCISSU.S and LILII':S.
and includes all the best of these popuhr fLimilie=. 'I'ha
ADC Bulb Guide consists of HYACIN'l'HS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEIiOKES, &c., and
aquamity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS KULBS.
Copies Will be Posted upon application.

T HOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

Probably the Beat and Cheapest Offer of

AZALEA MOLLIS.

3o,c<o left for Sale.

S lo 12 Buds., £1 \os.; lo /o 15 Buds, £1 151.

O. BURVENICH DE WINNE,

ROSE and PALM NURSERY, GENTBRUGGE.

FLOWERS AT CHRISTMAS.

BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING

OFFERHU BY

HOOPER & CO.,

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

FINEST QUALITY.

LOWEST PRICES.
Per doz. Per loo

d.

d.

2 o

I 9

7 o

15 o

3 6

2S

HYACINTHS, White Roman
,, White Italian, stronger growth, a week

later ..
„ Blue Roman, pretty colour
„ Double, pale rose Italian — this forces

white: a lovely variety ..
,, ,. deep rose Italian, charming
NARCISSUS, Double Roman, with yellow
intermixed ..
„ Paper- White, pure white, lovely
„ Stella, very large white, with yellow

cup, new
,, (Corbularia) citrina. pale lemon,
lovely frilled cup . .
JONQUILS, sweet scented, yellow, single

,, ,, „ ,, double
TULIPS. Due van Thol, red and yellow

,. ., ,, ,, plain scarlet . .
LILIUM HARRISI, white trumpet, the

grandest of all

.. CANDIDUM, the White Lily
TUBEROSES. Double White African,

splendid ..

All ready fur immediaie delivery, s-r. worth and u/7oards

Ccirriage Free.

HOOPER'S BULB CATALOGUE, illustraled in

colours, &c , is now ready. The bulbs are splendid, the

prices extremely low,

5S o

6 6

12 6

6 6

S 6

ICO o

452

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October li, 1884.

B U .L B S.

Illustrated Priced CATALOGUE of Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, containing the
best of everything and low in price, may be
had Post-free on application to

WM. PAUL & SON,

PAUL'S NURSERIES,
"WALTHAM CR OSS.

NEW PLANTS^

CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, GLA-
IJIOLI, Hardy FERNS and ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS in ersat variety, IRIS, Japanese
MAPLES, LILIES. NARCISSI. ORCHIDS, F.lray
FERNS. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS. Rare MOSSES,
WULBS for Forcing. See our LIST No. 71, just issued.
NEWPLANTand BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk. Colchester.

.^35^^ VERY EXTENSIVE ^^</^

& VERV SUPERIOR STOCK^ ^

i^- - .-- - . — — , ..J^.

-IN MOST CASES-

FREE BY POST OR RAIL

PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE

James Bm_s omMMI

"MEWT0N"NURSERIES\f.j|^5j^[^

EASTCATE S!

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

lessrs. HAYASHI k CO.,

MOTOMACHI, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade that they
have opened a London Order-office at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &c., grown in their
gardens in Japan, and are prepared to ofter the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants :

PRICE LIST.

JAPANESE LILIES-A Collection for £10,

consisting of
3 doz. L. auratum or at 8^.,, \2s. 5: ids. per doz.

1 ,, L. cordifolium ,, 241, and 36^. „

2 ,, L. coridium ,, ... I2,r. „
2 „ L. concolor „ ... 12t. „
2 ., L. Krameri „ ... I2J. „

1 „ L. Leichtlini „ ... 24!-. „

2 „ L. Datemannia; ,, ... \2.s. ,,
i ,, L. longiflorum „ ... 4Sj. „
\ „ L. Hansoni „ ... 6oj. „

A Collection for £10, consisting of

Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty different
varieties, and including six of our celebrated
grafted plants, containing three to seven sorts
on one stem. All hardy varieties.

Or at 48^. per dozen ; Grafted, 96^. per dozen.

Half of eilher of the above Collections, £^ ^s.
Quarter of either of the abovi Collections, £i 1 5.f.

Collection of 12 rare vars. of Japanese Iris,

Two of each sort, ^os.

Aiy JAPANESE SEEDS. PLANTS, &c., obtained, to
order, dirtcc from our Nurseries.

Spoclallty Of Miniature Flra and Ceaara.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
England. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
application necessary. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condiiion.

Trade Correspoude&ce Invited.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOR AUTUMN AND -WINTER.

STRONG, HEALTHY, AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS. i8.r. to 30J. per dozen.

AZALEA INDICA, iZs. Xot:s. per dozen.

EOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, i8j. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, 50J. to 6o.r. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PEKSICUM (Smith's superb strain), full of

buds, 5-inch pots, \%s. per dozen.
CYTISUS, X-3S. to i8j. per dozen.
EPACRIS, best sorts, 185. to jat. per dozen.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS. WILMOREANA, CAFFRA,

GRACILIS. AUrUMNALIS, S:c.. 6-inch pots \Zs. to
GARDENIAS, i8j. to 50.C per dozen. [301. per dozen.

LAPAGERIA ALBA, ^s. td. to ^it. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, ^s. 6d. each.
LIBONIA PENRHOSIANA. 12.?. to i8r. per dczen.
PIMELEAS, very fine, 30J. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubles, named, 301. to ^-is. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purpl;, i8j. per dozen.
TREE CARNATIONS, s-inch pots. 24^. to 30J. per dozen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 5-inch pots. 12s. to i8j. per dozen.
FERNS. MAIDENHAIR, &c.. in ereat variety ; also
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

Descriptive List Free.

Selections from above may be -made at Dozen Pricei.

The Plants are remarkably fine and cheap.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WOKCESTER.

B U L B S~

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST QUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.

PUTBUSH'S MILL-
V^* TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN.— Too well known to require
description. Price 6s. per bushel
[is. extra per bushel for package), or
6^. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our sienature attached.
; WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen arid Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries, N.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Ordtrs as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS.

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Prke LISTS on afflkatlon.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. No. 41, of Choice,
ka;*, and Beauii'ul

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

Carriage Paid, embracing many of ihe most lovely and desirable
in Cukivalion.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1000 Species .ind Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containinR 75 Illustra-
tions of p'enis .-ind Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Fern
Cnlture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

MEW YELLOW TREE CAB NATION,
•' ANDALUSIA."

A variety of recent introduction which is in all respects of the
highest merit. Unlike most of the yellow varieties it has a free
viynrous crtnslitution and is remarkably free fljwerin?. Maiket
growers who have seen it are very fond of it and look upon it as
being the mo^t serviceable variety for producing cut blooms in
quantity the season through. The colour is an aliraciive deep
lemon, the flowers are large and bold.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM. LONDON.

BULB CATALOGUE,
"HOOPER'S."

The most complete. The lowest prices.
BeMitiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 4d., which la returnea In the flrat purchase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN.
LONDON, W.C.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal In

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. \%s. and 2IJ.
Half- Standards ,, ,, ,, .. 151. ,. iSr.

Dwarfs , gj. ,, i2j.

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled qaaliiy.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

ORCHIDS — Special Offer.— DUTCH
BULBS — Cheap Offer. LILIES, rare and cheap.
WILD GARDEN, cheap plants. AURATUM. first arrival
of this fine Lily, splendid bulbs, f:d . gd., is., and i.r. 6d. each.
Trade offer, special terms. CATALOGUE free on application to
VVM. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road,
Twickenham, Middlesex.
City Office : 10. Cullum Street, London, E.G.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and aslc for

NOBLE'S NURSERY.

FRUIT TREES FOR SALE,
in quantities.

Favourite Cluster DAMSON, standard and half ; Victoria or
Dolphin PLUM, standard and half; Bush and New Orle.Tns
PLUM, standard and half ; Warners King and Stone's PLUNf,
standard and half; 20.000 Lad and Bob GOOSEBERRIES;
ao.coo Black Naples and Red CURRANTS. COB TREES,
4030 WELLING TON IAS. 30.C03 Cluster DAM£ON SPAWN,
3 to 4 feet. Terms cash wiih ordtr.

A. SEARS, Mr. Skinner's, East Fatleigh. Kent.

GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS.—
This section produces fine trus^es of white, orange-rtd,
and various coloured flowers, while many of the varieiies give
forth a delicious perfume. Our collection is one of the finest,
including many rare vaiielies. 12 healthy young plants, gr,
17S., aod i8f. 12 healthy strong plants, ats., 301.. and 42*.

Rhododendron jasminiflorum. Princess Royal, Princess
Alexandra, Fragrantissima, and Duchess of Sutherland, ate
well known varieties of this group.

E. G. HENDERSON and SON. Pine-apple Nursery,
Maida Vale, London, N.W.

TEA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for
Forcing. — Fine plants of all the best varieties, including
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Etoile de
Lyon, Madame Lambard. &c., at ^45. to 30s. per dczen ;
smaller size, bushy plants, in 5-inch pots, 151. to i8s. per dozen.
Also extra strong CLIMBING ROSES, in Pots, for Conserva-
tory Hanting — Mar^chal Niel, Climbing Devoniensis, W. A.
Richardson, Peine Marie Henriette, La Marque, Triomphe de
Rennes, and many others, 2i. 6d., v- f^d. and 51. each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries. Baih.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIP.S. NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. is/-, 21/-, 25/-, 30/-, and 4?/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &.C , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

The Largest Rose Grounds in England.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

iW/K RE.ADV,

Descriptive Catalogue of Roses,

FREE ON APPLICATION.

CRANSTON'S NDRSERY and SEED CO. (Limited),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We are the Original Introducers and Sole Agents cf
BSr. Harris In England for tills Grand Lily.

We have just received our Consignments, and find the Bulbs
v«ry good, larger than last year, and in c2pit.1l sound condition.
'I his grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it lo be the finest introduction for many ycais.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 1 to 3 sialic*
during the season in succession. Flowers pure white, lon^j
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Piice of this and many other varieties, see our BUI.B
CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS. EXETER STREET,
STRAND. W.C.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from smgle varieties, i/- and
2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, s/d ana ^/- per packet.
COLLECllONS, 13 named varieties, separate, 7/i
,. 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

October ii,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

453

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this auliimn. that iheir
slock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that (he present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personLtl visit to the Nurseries earnestly soticilcd.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common, S.W.

EXPIRATION OF LEASL

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be oft'ered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

Ordinary
Price.

Reduced

J/6

IC/.5

2/'0

Wo

i(/6

5/-

5/-
ic/i

./6 -/9

i/-
1/6

J/-

;/- i/-

ip/6
2r/-

3/« 5/'-
.. ic/-

1/6

RHODODENDRONS. Standard, 4C00
to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from
1/4 to 5 feet throush the head 105/- 10/6 31/6

„ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and S feet high.. ' 43/- aiZ-^ 15/-

,, D^atf and Sweet-scented, i to 3|j,

feet high, consisting of K : '

fragrans, VVilsoni, Govcni-
anum, &c. ..

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;|

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3

feet high . .
A2ALEAS, I to 3 feet high
A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.

T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA.

CUPRESSUS. RKTINOSPORAS.

THU10P5IS DOLABRATA, and

many other'; in fine condition for removal
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-
mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.,

Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut,

Sorbus, Thiirns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxinus aucubifolia, Scarlet Oak;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, andl

poplar. 6 to 15 feet high
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to'
4 feet, per iod

,. common, i to zj^ feet .. .."'

LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

,, ciucasica. i 10 2'-^ feet ..

,. Portugal. 1 !-C to 3 feet ..
MAHONlA AQUIFOLIA ..

BROOM, White

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuflf, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe-

lopsis Veitchii ..
ILEX SHEPHERDL a fine lot ol

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ;

smaller. I to 3 tcei.
THUIA LOBHII, 3 to 4 feet
KETINOSPORA aUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

WELLINGTONIA GIGANTeA',

MaHoNIA AQUIFOLIA, " 12 to

i3 inches
COb NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet
Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to

6 feet high, 351 in 755. per i o.
Extra large Frumng APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear. 15 each.
SPIK^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. Ihe largest
st"clc in Europe, 25^, per ico.
.. JAPONICA. rc5. 6rf. per 100.
ERICAS in variety, 20J. per \-iQ.

LAVENDER, fine bu^hy stuff, 3^. per dczen, 151. per ico.
PERIWINKLE, I05. per 100.

Thoinar.di of other things too nufnetoui for an advertise'
ment are on ojf^r^ aiid inquiries or a vitil will be found very
ttdvantageoui .

No rea'cnable
offer refused ; or
quotations will
be given.

.;

25^. per 100

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAKFODII.S

at Wholesale Prices.

lmpotU-.i BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's SeeSsman, Chard, Somerset.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most complete " Little Book" of Irish .Tnd other Diiffodils
may be had on application. Sotne very rate forms are ojfered
fo" t/t€ first time, and over 100 varieties to select from. Please
enclose bd. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
uncommon. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., "Old Established" Warehouse,
54, Patrick Street, Coik.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY " FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Paionies, Violets, Hollyhocks.

New Genrral CATALOGUE of the above and many olher
things, may be had gratis and po,-t-fiee on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM. LONDON.

Autumn and Wlnter-flowerlng Plants.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• in consequence of Ihe hat summer his stock of the
above is remarkably fine this \ear, and well set f.,r fljwer.
Early orders are solicited for the following, whicll are now
ready fordelivtrv : —

AZALEA INDICA. in variety.

., MOLLIS, seedlings iird named sorts.
BOUVARDIAS. leading kinds.
CAMELLI.\S, leadinc kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
F.PACRIS, leading kinds. [GIGANTEUM.

ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS

LILACS. Chas. X.. and other le.ading sons.
PRIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA.

., double, leading kinds.
SOLANIIMS, Williams- hybrid.
STAPHYLEA COICHICA.
For compleie List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on applicalion.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

Orchids a Speciality.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such
magnituJe that, without seeing it, it is not easy
to form an adequate conception of its unprece-
dented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO.

very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspec-
tion by all lovers of this interesting and beauti-
ful class of plants, whether purchasers or not.

CHAELES NOBLE, Bagshot. i CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

To the Trade.
1:j10REST tree seedlings, home

-■- grown. One million i-year L.\K("H, hne ; and a
quantity of i and a year Scotch and SPRUCE will be sold.
Moderate prices, &c., on application to
C. QUINN. Nurseryman. Suniinerhill, Co Mealh, Ireland.

IjiOiTsALE, Six splendid Standard Portugal
LAURELS, in tubs, stems 4 to 5 feet liii;h ami nice
round heads, from 5 to 6 feet ihiout;h, cheap AUo Hybrid
RHODODENDRONS, all colours, nuxed, grown on loam, i>4
to 2J3 fept high 35. per nio, .{I12 per lOuo.

W, JACKSON, BlakcdDwn. ne.ar Kiddermirster.

T)INUS KIGIDA (the Hardy Swamp Pine),

A- 30J. per 1000. iji to 2 feet.

PINUS MinS (Yellow Deal, very hardy), 601. per lo-o,

I to I Is foot.
ABIES DOUtJLASII, Seedlings, loj. per icoo, 2 to 4 inches.
ARBUTUS UN EDO, 351. per 100. 2 feet.
RHODODENDRON, Hybrid Seedlings, 20s. per 100, i lo

ii; font.

LIBOCKDRUS PECURKENS. <(j, per ico, iN' to 2 ftet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, ^s. M. per 100, 6 i" 9 inches.
PINUS PUNGENS (anions cones', 15s per 100, iH t> 2 feel.
PICEA FKASERU (rare), isr. per Jor. I loot.

All fibrous rooted. Iranvplanled this spring.
J AS. HATHERALL, Weybiidge.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

WHUWAKD, Southgate, N., can su])ply
• good strong well furni^hed Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including the new
ones of Ibis year, also ADIANTUM cuneatum. in 48s ancl
32's, very good ; do. farlevensc, in 4S"s ; CYPERUS altetni-
lolius variegalus : DRACAENA striata, Green, a hnc variety for
Conservatory; GARDEN IAS in all sizes ; STEPHANOTIS
in all sizss : ASPIDISTRA jurida vatiegata.

Fruit Trees by the lOoTlOOoTloTooo. or 20.000

HUGH LOW AND CO. iuviic inspection
by intending purchasers of their very larizeaiid unusually
finestock of APKICOl'S, CHERRIES, DAMSONS. NEC-
TARINES, PEAi_HES. PEARS, and PLU.MS, growing at
their Nursery, near Enfield, about five niitiutes* walk fiom the
Buvh Htll Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway. Also
ROSES, Standards and Dwarfs, PO f ROSES, GRAPE
VINES, in large quantities. 33 large Houses and numerous
ranges of pits filled with choice stock, largely winter and spring
11 iwerine Claoton Nurserv. London, E.
I — ~

I COMTE BBAZZA'S NEW DOUBLE
I WHITE VIOLET,

j "WHITE NEAPOLITAN."

! V»;ry large, pure white, sweetly scented tl jwers. Wiihout

I qiesiion ihe finest Violet in cultivation. For full dcbcupiiDP,

I sre New CATALOGUE of Roses, Trees, Shrubs, and f loji^la'

I Fljwtrs, free on apt'licAiiLn to

j THOMAS S. WABE,

I HALE F.\RM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

j V^' made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Socieiy
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 25?., free on to the followJui;
' rails ; — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, Loudon
i and Norih- Western, and Midland, other lines 30^., in sacks is ;
30 sacks f,i s^ ', 15 sacks or more free onto rail. Cash wilh all
I orders will oblige. — J. STEVKNS and CO., "Greyhound"
I Yard, and 155, HirU Street, Eattersea, S.W, EslabUshed 1872.

I pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

V^' best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and

Nobility, \s. per Bag ; 15 Uags, 14J. ; 30 bags. 251., sent to all

parts ; Truckload, 23^., free to rati. Best L')AM and PEAT.

A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids
Stove Plants, &c.,^o6j.perTruck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaihs, American Plant Beds, i^s.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag. 51. : 5 Hags, 221. (>i. ; 10 Fa§s,
^55. B.Tgs included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 105. td. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse cr Fine, 521. per Truck of 4 Ions.
WALKER AND CO.. Fainboroiigh Station. Hants.

IN THE PRESS,

THE GARDEN ANNUAL

ALMANAC AND ADDRESS BOOK for 1885.

PRICE, ONE SHILLLING ; POST-FREE, ONE SHILLING and THREE-PENCE.

JVill be ready October 30.

This is a most comnlete and accurate Yearly Reference Book for the use of all interested in Gardens yet piiblislied. The Alpliabelic.il Lists of
all Branches of the Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to date. The Lists of Gardens and Country Seats have been very carefully revised,
while the List of Gardeners is entirely re-written and the Post Towns added with the greatest care and attention, and now forms the most Complete
List ever published. The G.4RDEN Annu.al may be ordered through all Booksellers, Nurserymen, and Seedsmen.

// contains, amons; other matters, thefoUo'.vutg, I'iz. : —
Almanac for the Year 1835. ' I The Principal Gardens Country Seats »nd Horticultural Trade in Gr^t Britain

^^ . , I and Ireland, arranged in the order ot the Countie., extended and conected to date.

Concise Calendar of Gardening Operations for each Month. | ^ypua^tj^fcai List of Country Seats and Gardens in the United Kingdom, wnh Nain=s

Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables procurable each Month. ol their Owners, veiy much extended and corrected to date.

A carefully compiled Alphabetical List of Nurserymen and Seedsmen. Horlsts, Alphabetical List; of Head Gardeners m the Pri-dpii Gardens of the TO^^

HortictHtoral Builders. Engineers, and of the Horticultural Trade I ,e-wruten. wuh „ear«t Pom towns added. This List has bs en augmented by

generally """"= . e . nearly 800 Mames and Addresses.

Price, Is. ; Post-free, Is. 3d.

N.B. — All Adverlisements and Corrections can be taken up to October i8

37, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, COVEMT GARDEN, LOHDOy, W.C.

next.

454

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1SS4.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted ^;URSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, S to'
,, lauiirolia, ditto. [10 feet high.

Hcdgios", 3, 4. s to 3 feet,

,, myriifolia, dillo. J-

,, Sooiiica, 3 to 8 feet.

,, Yellow-berried, all^ciarense and olliers. 1

„ Variegated, of sorts, 1,, 4, 5, 6, 8 to lo It- /

many thousands.

Waterer's splendid planrs, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 eet
in circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautiiul specimens.
,t Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to tiiieen year;,' grtiwih, hundreds.
,1 ntw Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many

[housardF.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands.
„ Gulden, ol ail sizes up to 10 feet We have many
thousands as Pyrauiids, Globes., Standards, in point
of variety and size untqualkd.
,, Irish, c to 10 feet, hnndreos.
CUPRLSSUS ERICCTA VIRIDIS, 5, 4, 5, 6 to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOFSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to

10 Jeet, The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIP1;,RS, Chniese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

., Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet
AliJKS CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands
„ .. GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundicds.
„ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. i^/. to 2 ftet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feei, hundreds.
,, GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
., LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundredi.
„ MAGNIFICA. 2 t0 3feet, hurdreds.
,, NOBILIS. 1% 103 feet, thousands.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6. 7, to 10 feet.
,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, 1% to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA, 6to8feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI (Cedar cf Leb.mon). 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDEN TALIS LUXKA, -^ to 6 feet, hundreds.
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet.'hundreds.
RETINOSPORAOBTUSA AQREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
,. PLSIFERA AUREA(true). 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUKEA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery. Woking Station, Surrey.

A BULBS, -^S

B. "S. WILLIAMS'

SrECIALl.V SHI.ECTiiD

HYACINTHS, for Pots and Glasses.
HYACINTHS, for Beds or Borders.
TULIPS, for Pois or Bedding.
CROCUS. NARCISSUS, KANUNCULUS,
ANEMONES. &C.
For Prices and /i^rthcr particulars, ste BULB CA TA-
LOGUE, post-free on a^'pUra'icn

VICTORIA and PAHADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOI.LOW.W. I,ON'DO>J. N.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LOKD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).

TIic finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.

First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, 15.^. per dozen, £^^ 5)". per 100,

A. FAULKNOR,

INKPEN, IIUNGERFORD.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

Tlu lUiistrateii and Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES

fost-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

DAFFODILS and^NARCISS.

5o,coo Double DAFFODILS.

30,000 Single DAFFODILS.

70,000 Pheasant-eyed NARCIS3.

70,000 Double White Sweet-scented NARCISS.

20,000 Campernelle JONQUILS.

For Prices of abovR and many olher vaiieties of Narciss, also
Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, and all Dutch, English, and French
liulb^ see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINa Sc SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,

STRAND, W.C.

Special Prices for Large Quantities.

CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

FOR Conservatory and Window Decoration.

No.

I.-

-Carters'

Box of

800

.. price 841.1

Send

ffio.r.

No.

2 -

-Carters'

Box of

600

. price 631.

P. 0.0.

6aT

No.

?..-

-Caiters'

Box of

4^0

. price 42,f.

or H

40J

Wo.

4--

-Carters

Box of

230

. , price 3if.

Cheque

■2.QS

No.

5-

-Cartels

Box of

125

. . price 10/6

for

lOS

P.ickir

g and Cania^i

Free

to any Rail

ivav Slalion in

England

and Wal

es, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

V>' roR Indoor and Outdoor Cult^'ation.
No. 6. — Carters' Box of a.oo .. price 84J, \ Send (S:>s.
No. 7. — Carters' Box of 15C0 .. piice 63s. P.O.O. Cos.
No. 8. — Carters' Box of loco , , price 421. [• or -J 40J.
No. 9 —Carters' Box of 7C0 .. price 31/6 Cheque 305
No. 10. — Carters' Box of 350 .. price 151.; for li4'3
Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Irebnd.

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of EULBS

V^ FOR Planting in the Oten Ground.

No. II. — Carters' Box of 2250 ,. price 84^. \ Send
No. 12.— Carters' Bo.x of 1850 .. price 63J. P.O.O. \6os.
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250 .. price 42^. |- or -^ 40s.
No. 14 — Carters' Box of 650 .. price 2ir. Cheque
" ' iceic,6)

for

No. 15. — Carters' Box of 3C0 .. price 1

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station :
Enj^land .tnd Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS. ROSES, and PLANTS, gratis
and post-free.

SeedBmen by Royal Command to E.E.H. the
Prince of Wales,
237
23S)

High Holborn, London, W.C.

g(. 2 50 AC^R E S _

sChardi'ly Crown .^

(E VE Bl GREENS

° ■■ ALL • OTH F P ■. " -

4 T R E E S ■;■ &i- P LANTSjf

^^ — .<3P| UNEQUALLED FOR f^^ia^.^
=(yAR!E:TY,QUALiTY AND EXTENT.}
■^PRICED-CATALOGUES -POST-FREE^

-James Dickson &Sons.

''mewtcn" nurseries. Chester.

NEW EASPRBREY,

BAUMFORTK'S SEEULTNG.

From the great reputation this splendid new Raspberry
has attained for size, quality, and heavy cropping, tlie
demand for canes has been enormous tlie last season,
and I beHeve, from information received, I may this
year anticipate orders far exceeding last.

Extract from the " Gaid^Jtcrs' Chronicle,"

March i, 1884, A zSo.

RASPBERRY— BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING.

'Planters of Rasberries should not omit to obtain this
excellent sort, and when once they have given it a fair trial
they will plant it in quantity. It has the character of beins an
excellent bearer, in good seasons bringing a fair second ciop of
fruit to maturity. The plant is vigorous, carries stout dirk
green foliage, and large broad-pipped dark crimson fruit. It is
much valued on the strong loamy soils of Bucks."

F7-om Mr. D. Mei.vii.le, Gardener to Mrs. Homsby,
St, Vincents, So7iterliy.\
" Having had ample opportunity of judgiug the merits of
your excellent Raspbe-ry, Baumforth's teedling, I must con-
gratulate you on behalf of what I consider, without doubt, the
best Raspberry in cultivation. The fruit is an extraordinary
size, much larger than any variety of Raspberry I am acquainted
with. Excellent flavour, m shape of berry round with dark
crimson colour, a vigorous grower, and a most prolific consti-
tution, supplying a quantity of fine fruit in the autumn from
the season's young wood. I would strongly recommend mtend-
ing planters to give Baumforth's Seedling a fair trial, which,
under ordinary treatment, is certain to give satisfaction."

Early Orders reRpectfully solicited.

PRICES :-
ri.Tnting Cares .. .. -^s. 6d. per dozen, 20J. per 100.
Fiuiling Canes .. .. 5^. „ 30^. ,,

EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,

THE YORKSHIRE SEED ESTAHLISHMENT, HUM.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

0/ the finest Bulbs, Roses, Fnnt Trees,
Herbaceous Plants, Sto7-c and Greenhouse
Plants, Trees, and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.
HYACINTHS, choice quality, ts. per dozen.
TULIPS, the best for forcing, ij., and u. 6/ per dczen, -js. to
iQs. per I03.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name. xs. td. per dozen.

SPIR/EA.S. DIELYTRAS. DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLLY, MISCELLANEOUS EULliS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUK.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

se.-is^n,gf. and \-zs. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6j. per dozen
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUM.S, TREE

CARNATIONS, i2j. and iSj. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS. AZALEAS (Indian, Ghent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, for fo'cing, i8j. and ■z^s. p^r dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in Urge or small

quantities, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLARIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, Iar;;e flowers, xi. erf. per dozen, io(. per ico

from stores. In small pots, 3^, per dozen, aw. pei ico.

BULBS and PLANTS for tho Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, is. 6d. per dozen,
16s. per 100.

TULIPS, double or single, gi/. and ix. per dozen, 5*. and 6j.
per 100.

CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is. 6d. to 7S. di. per 100.

NARCISSUS, in 35 of the fiaest and most distinct sorts, as per
CATALOGUE.
,, ordinary varieties, 3s. 6d. to 55. per 100.

WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS
CANTERBURY BELLS, .SILENE COM PAC Ia',
POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of
colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS, ALYS-
SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, is. per dozen,
ys. per 100; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,
IS. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white or rose, Qd. per dozen, 41. per ico.
HEPATICAS. double PRIMROSES, 31. 6d. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS
for 25J.

CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,
41. and 6s. per dczen, 30J. to 505. per ico.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to phnt.
12 fine distinct kinds, 31. ; 50, 12s. 6J. ; 103, 331.

PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year
old, 31. 6;/. per dozen ; s-year old, 6s. per dozen.

POIENTILLAS and PYKETHRUMS. 5s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS and P.^ONIES, Si. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PiCOTEES, vs. per dozen.
„ Crimson CLOVE, 3s. per dozen.

LILIES, in fine variety, 35'. and 61. per dozen.

EOSES-ROSES-ROSES-our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6j. ; or45J. psr 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, i7s. to iSs. per djzen.

MOSS ROSES, 7S. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roaes, &c., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all ihe Best Cropping Varieties.

APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dtt-aif-ttained, for walls,

&c., good trees, 151., i8i. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS. Pyramid, 40J. and 50s per 100 ; good fruiting trees.

75J. and loos. per 100 ; ftlaidens, 30.1 per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40?., 501,, and 751. per 100.

CHERRIES, Dwarf-tiained Morello and May Duke, is*., i^s.
and 245, per dozen.

CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8s , los. and
12J. per loo.

RASPBERRIES, f illbasket, 6s. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners. 31. per
100 ; in small pots, t^s. 6d. per ico ; in pots for forcing,
25J. per no ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. 6d.

SHRUBS, Deciduous, its. and i$s. per ico, good plants.

HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15^. per 100.

THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50J. and 75*. per io3.

SPIRj'EA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, lar , 15J. ard 2or.
per 100.

AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 lo 9 inches,
if-j. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 2cw. per 100.

THORN QUICKS. 15J. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted,

(n'AL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4,^. and las. per ico.

FOREST TREES, in great variety, soj. lo loos. per ico.

CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6j.,gf. and 12s. per iloi.

AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful v.iriuy, 6s. ;iud yr.
per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT illLES FROM HI A NC H ES T ER.

October ii, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

455

BBS'

6^ ALL BULBS

AKE SENT FREE

By Post or Rail.

FLOWER ROOTS

!

Webbs' Autunin Catalogue,

CKATIS and FOSIfKKE.

I Of BULBS for

I OUTDOOR CULTIVATION

25 Anemones, dble, mixed
ss ,, si"gU, mixed
3>3 Crocus, choice v;irs.
1 Ctowii Irnpeiial
= 5 Hv.icinihs. nixed
25 Irii, S.-ajiish, mixed

11 Ji-.nquils, Caiiipernelle
I i.iliiim cmdidam

12 Narcissus, double whit
25 ,, Poeticiis
25 „ Van Sion

Coniains63o Selected Ii.dbs.

6 Pi-lyanlhus Nnrcissiis
50 Ranunculus, dble. mixed
25 11 Tuib:in, sciilct
00 Snowdrops, double ar;d

12 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 „ early double mi.ved

6 ,, La Candeur, dble.

6 ,, Parrot, fine mixid
12 ,, sii^gle mixed
75 Winter Aconites

■ Other Collections for Outdoor Cultivation at Bs ,
» 73. 6a., 103. 6d., 15s., 4-23., 63s., and 1059. eacn.

V^EBBS'^is^

Of BULBS for

GREENHOUSE DECORATION

Contains 262 Selected Bulbs.

I Amaryllis (ormosissima
100 Crocus, choice
I Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyac.nths, named
g Jonquils, sweet-scented
1 Uiium lancifoliurn
6 Narcissus bulboco-iium
9 Polyanthus Narcissus

12 Scilla aiDOena
75 Snowdrops
6 Tulips, Due Van Thol,

scarlet
18 „ early single, 6 vars.
6 , Rex rubroium,

double
6 ,, Toiirne.ol, double

Other Collections for Greenhouse Decoration atSs.,
78, 6d., 103 6d , 153., and 42s. each.

W

EBBS' 21s. Box

Of BULBS for

POTS, GLASSES & VASES,

3 Amaryllis formcsUsima
loo Crocus, named

2 Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyac;ncih?, named

3 ,, miniature, named
3 Iris Pavonia

6 [xias, fiae mixed
9 Ji:nquil5, sweet-scentcd
tingle

9 Polyanthus NarcJPSus,

fine mi,\ed
9 Scilla sibirica
50 Snowdrops
6 Sparaxis, mixed
12 Tulips, Due Van Thol,

scarlet
23 ,, e^rly, five sorls
6 ,, Tournesol, doub'c

Other Collections for Pots, Glasses. &c., at lOs. 6d ,
15s , 425 , 63s , and 1053 each.

SUTTO N'S B U LBS.— BEAUTIFUL
WINTER and SPRING FLOWERS may bs obtained
by planting

BUTTON'S BULBS.— SUTTONandSONS

^ pay frequent visits to all the principal Bulb Farms of
HulUnd, and by careful trials of the finest varleiies of bulbs in
iheir own grounds ihey are enabled to select the sorts best
suit;;d to English Gardens, Having imported large quantities
they can offer Collections of the Best Bulbs on the following
advantageous terms : —

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection "A," con-
Lnining 2800 FINE BULBS for the Open Ground. Piice,
105J. Carriage Free,

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " B," con-
lainms 1850 FINE BULBS for ihe Open Ground. Price,
^^s. Carriage Free.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection "C," con-

O lainingrsio FINE 1)ULB3 fortheOp:n Ground. Pi:ce,
435. Carriage Free,

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection "D," con-
taining foo FINE BULBS for Ihe Open Ground. Price,
21J. Carnage Free.

QUTTON'S BULB.S. — Collection "E," con-

O taining 300 FINE BULIIS for the Open Ground. Price,
loj. dd.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection "F," con-
taining 400 FINE BULBS for Summer and Autumn
Flowering ia the Open Ground. Price, 21J. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " G," con-
taining 200 FINE BULBS for Summer and Autumn
Flowering in the Open Ground. Price, lor. Ci/.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " H," for

O the Amateur, containing 460 FINE BULBS for Indoor
and Outdoor Cultivation. Price, 21J. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "J," for
ihe Amateur, containing 230 FINE BULBS for Indoor
and Clutdoor CuUivation. Price, icr. td.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " K," con-
taining 240 FINE BULBS for Conservatory and VVuidow
Decoration. Price, 215. Carriage Free.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection *' L," con-

0 taioing 120 FINE BULBS for Conservatory and Window
Decoration, Price, io.r. f>d.

SUTTON'S BULB.S.-Collection " M," con-
t.aining icoo FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses. Price,
rosr. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " N," con-
taining £00 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses. Price,
63^. Carriage Free.

a UTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " O," con-

k3 taining 430 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses. PrieCj
4?.r. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection " P," con-
taining 240 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses. Price,

1 s. Carnage Frw.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— Collection '' Q," con-

O taining 120 FINE BULB5 for Pots and Glasses. Price,
10s, 6d.

s

UTTON'S BULBS.— Collections of HYA-
CINTHS for POTS and GLASSES, as follows :—

SUTTON'S BULBS.— SUTTON'S Special
EXHIBITORS COLLECTIONS of HYACIN 1 HS :—
,5 splendid varieties .. 4=i. j Carnage Free.
12 ,, ,, .. zir. 1 *.

s

UTTON'S BULBS.— loo HYACINTHS, in

ICO very choice scjts, 84?. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 100 HYACINTHS, in
50 very choice sorts, 70J. Carriage Free.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

k3 50 very choice sorts, 42s. Carriage Fiee.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

25 very choice sorts, 355. Carriage Free.

s

O UTTON'S BULBS.— 25 HYACINTHS, in

KJ 25 very choice sorts, 21s. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS, in
12 extra fine S'^rts, us.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS, in
12 choice sons, gs.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

S

UTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS, in

12 good sorts, 6s.

QUTTON'S BULBS.— SUTTON'S BULB

O CATALOGUE for 1S84, containing Complete Cultural
Instructions, G:at<s and Post-free on application.

SUTTON AND SONS, THE fJUEEN'S
SEEDSMEN, and by Special Warrant SEEDSMEN 10
the PRINCE of WALES,

"OEADING, BERKS.

THE

SATURDAY, OCTOBER ii, 1S84.

LOWTHER CASTLE.

THE surname Lowlher, the name of the
village of Lowther, and that of the chief
seat of the family of which the Earl of Lons-
dale is the head, are said to be derived from
the name of a stream which rims through the
domain, passes beneath the walls of the Castle,
winds and turns through the park, as a West-
moreland stream can, deep in its rocky channel,
and quits it near the principal lodge, about a
mile from Penrith, where the Lowther passes
Brougham Hall, and joins the Eamont a little
below the village called Eamont Bridge. The
word Lowther signifies "clear water," and the
family have lived on its banks and largely ruled
the district, by arms, influence, or wealth,
from the earliest times down to the present
.hour. Another, and quite as probable a deri-
vation for their name is from the common
Danish title, Lother-er, implying "fortunate
honour." Why they were fortunate cannot be
told here ; behind good fortune there is gene-
rally great merit. How fortunate they have
been is recorded in their titles and honours —
as knights and Lord-Lieutenants, judges, Lord
Chancellors, and M.P.'s, hundreds of years ago ;
and in the dizzy heights they have occupied in
more recent times. Sir John Lowther, who
succeeded as owner of Lowther Hall in 1675,
was the thirty-first knight of the family in almost
direct succession, showing what rare good for-
tune they had met with in regard to heirs male.
He was created Baron Lowther and Viscount
Lonsdale, the title of Earl following in 1784.

In all great families there are sometimes
great improvers who, in prosperous and peaceful
limes, expend their energies and coin in works
useful and delightful to their successors and
their neighbourhood. John, the first Viscount,
was a man of this sort. He replaced the old
Hall by a new one, planted woods, such as
Evelyn, his contemporary, recommended, laid
out the grounds and left his enduring mark
upon the whole neighbourhood by his improve-
ments. Among all the stately places of the
North, Lowther bears off the palm. There are
few houses more magnificent and there are
bigger parks and ten times larger gardens.
There are places more costly in their creation,
and more extravagant in the price of their main-
tenance, where you feel that at every five
minutes' tick a guinea or so must be spent ;
where you cannot help reflecting that the
splendour is greater than the comfort.
But at this seat of the Lowthers, any man
might live and be happy with ^100,000 a year,
for Nature planned the scenery and country
around in herhappiest mood. The first Viscount,
admirable landscape gardener and planter as
he was, adapted the spot for residence, while
pomp and pride and vulgar art have not since
spoilt it. It is the fairest seat in Westmoreland,
and one more delightful can hardly be found
north of the Trent.

The Viscount's house having been almost
destroyed by fire, the second Earl commenced
the present Castle in iSoS. It stands in a park

456

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1SS4.

of 700 acres, watered by streams from the high
hills, richly planted with varied timber, thanks
to the Viscount and his successors, in the midst
of mountain scenery, and you may wander here
within sight of the high peaks of the Lake
country, and Ulswater may be reached in a
short canter. Outside the park —

" hills on hills, on forests forests rise ;
Spurn the low earth, and mingle with the skies."

Within is a " Garden of Eden," with red and
fallow deer. Sir Robert Smirke was the archi-
tect of the Castle, and it is his chej-d\ruvre, the
durable rose-tinted stone of which it is built
giving it a singularly chaste and delicate
appearance, so that it carries its years like the
goddess of beauty, whom no touch of tiine
affected. There is nothing sere about the
building at present, and it wears its ornament
of creepers on the south wall — the deep-stained
Ampelopsis, gay Pelargoniums, Roses, and the
Clematis montana and C. Jackmanni — like a
new and handsome house only ten years built.
This south front opens upon a noble breadth
of lawn, which slopes gradually upwards till the
view is closed. The deer park is beyond. The
village of Lowther is on lower ground, by the
side of the stream, and the little village called
Newtown, outside the park on the east, where
the kitchen gardens are also situated, is an
assemblage of houses occupied by the forester,
gardener, and ethers. The beautiful shrub-
beries and pleasure gardens, sober walks of
Yew, and terrace outside all, lie on the
west. The house is terraced on the north,
but this great western terrace is a level
walk of turf 30 yards wide, entered from
a garden and running three-quarters of a mile
along the edge of a limestone cliff. It bounds
the shrubbery from the adjacent park, and
affords a long wide walk outside the mass of
shrubs and trees. There are seats at intervals,
the Lowther murmurs in the valley below, loud
or soft as these mountain streams will according
to their humour and the quantity of water flow-
ing through their deep channels, in fair weather
or in storms. The view is charming. Hel-
vellyn is among the distant tops ; but in the
foreground lies a softer scene— the cultured
park— and what a poor enclosure is a park
without culture, and especially without arbori-
culture, such as that worthy of Westmoreland,
the first Viscount, so well understood ! On the
other side of the stream, not far distant, is the
little village of Askam. Just outside the park
is Lowther, the very centre of scenery which is
piciurcsque without being too wild and irksome,
for up the stream to Askam, or down to
Iirou,_;ham Hall, you may meet with something
r.ew and charming in woodland or grassy glade
at every turn.

We have lingered in the park without due
notice, perhaps, of that magnificent building for
for which it was formed. Brief space re-
mains for it. The chief entrance is from the
north through an arched gateway by a porter's
lodge, between which and the Castle an em-
battled Will branches each way, enclosing a
wide space which includes a lawn and wide
gravelled walks and beds of flowers. A teirace
in front of the house is reached from the centre
of this great court or garden, by a flight of steps
60 feet wide, the terrace itself being 100 feet
wide and 500 feet long. All the proportions are
in keeping and they are all grand, including
the open porch in the centre of this north front,
the entrance hall, staircase, and saloon. The
open country which is seen from this front in-
cludes a very wide prospect. The park lies in
the foreground, and a herd of butter-making
cows suggests the comforts of a good residential
site which cannot be perfect, however excellent
it may be in other respects, unless the water is
good and the pasturage well adapted for butter-
making. A cassowary will probably be observed
Striding about outside the lodge, approaching

people with a melancholy eye which seems to
inquire "Why am I here? — have you a biscuit in
your pocket ? " Some of the family have tra-
velled and picked up pets at the antipodes—
who would not who had wealth and opportunity?
Beyond the park lies Beacon Hill close to Pen-
rith, Saddle-back, a mountain of 304S feet, and
the Scotch hills beyond. The north front is 420
feet long. Inside the house the sculpture and
picture galleries must not detain us ; nor even
the conservatory, with its graceful Palms and
plants of attractive foliage or flowers ; but one of
the rooms is specially remarkable, containing as
it dees portraits of " Westmoreland worthies."
The example of the second Earl of Lonsdale in
forming such a gallery, where local virtues and
talents are brought to mind and their remem-
brance perpetuated, deserves to be followed by
others, who may hold, as he did, the high posi-
tion of Lord-Lieutenants of their counties.
Among the worthies is John Robinson, " Sur-
veyor-General of Woods and Forests," who
holds in his hand a report of acorns planted in
and about Windsor Great Park from the year
1788 to 1801, the total number being 11,225,000.
Considering the failure of foreign forests of
timber, and the neglect of forestry at home, the
time can hardly be far distant when the planter
of numerous acorns may again be held in
honour.

Guided by Mr. Clark, the head gardener, we
visited the east garden, which fills a gorge
below the level of the Castle, lying deep down
in the hollow and completely sheltered by the
walls of the building and by banks of trees,
bordered by Laurels. At the upper end of this
pleasant retreat, among flower-beds and their
green borders, there is a magnificent mass of
Yews in full foliage, with drooping branches ;
and beyond is the famous Yew walk, where
long avenues of Yews flourish on the limestone
soil they love. A delightful walk among these
long-lived evergreens leads to the rosery. On
the left is the lawn of the south front, and on
the right a stone wall, overrun with Ferns,
wall Rue, and others, level with the ground
above, and planted along the top with a row of
pyramidal clipped Yews, divides this inner
shrubbery from a woodless retired, and planted
thick with various trees and shrubs. Great
taste has been displayed in bringing the shrub-
beries and pleasure grounds at Lowther Castle
close up to the house and lawn, 'so that the
family can enter and enjoy them— lovers and
all— without a d,'tour or long trot. Among the
Roses is a great Ash, which is doing them a
great deal of damage ; and as the tree has
reached its growth, and is no great beauty. Lord
Lonsdale has signed its death warrant. It is
delightful to meet with a great proprietor who
is not superstitious, nor afraid to cut down a
tree when it happens to be out of place, or
ugly, or otherwise undesirable. The rosery is
bordered on the west side by a raised walk,
having some good examples of carpet bedding
in the foreground, and on the other side of the
path, next the plantation. Dahlias, Delphiniums,
and herbaceous plants, Roses, Ivies, and
several sorts of Clematis trained to poles or
pillars. Mr. Clark has used the Isolepis with
excellent effect in ribbon bedding, placing a
row of something bright, such as Lobelia and
Iresine, on either side of it. He has shown his
skill outside the conservatory in the painting
of the Earl's coronet by means of small bedding
plants. The groundwork is formed by Her-
niaria glabra, and the several parts of the
emblem are depicted by means of Sedura
lydium, Mesembryanthemum, Echeveria glauca,
and the Brighton Blue Lobelia— a profuse
blooming variety. Hehas"mi.xed the colours
with brains," and the effect is good.

We looked into the kitchen garden with its
high walls and surrounding banks of shelter
trees. Everything seemed in excellent order :
but the park, with its charming landscape

and tumbling river Lowther recalls and en-
thrals us. We can quote a lord, too, as a
witness of its beauty. Lord Macartney, the
great traveller, who had seen enough not to
be easily surprised, was describing the Van-
shoo-quen, the Paradise of Ten Thousand
Trees, as a place of delight where he was
never weary of wandering — a scene so rich,
so beautiful, so sublime, he had rarely enjoyed,
and he compared it to the park at Lowther,
" which," he added, " from the extent of the
prospect, the grand surrounding objects, the
noble situation, the diversity of the surface, the
extensive woods, and command of water,.!
thought might be rendered by a man of sense,
spirit, and taste, the finest scene in the British
dominions." We think so too. The defect
which Lord Macartney hints at consists un-
doubtedly in the superabundance of timber,
which sometimes obscures and contracts the
prospect, and in the frequent dotting of single
trees over the surface. Some day we may hope
that some gentle and skilful hand will remedy
these blemishes. At the same the hand of taste
will probably effect some inroads on the ugly
and modern rows of trees leading from the
north front towards the Eamont Bridge lodges.
Try how we might, we could not pick another
hole in this stately English home. H. E.

V^

DENDROBIUM CRUENTUM, Rchb.f.,
Card. Chron., xxi., 1884, n. 541, p. 604, May 10.

This discovery ofthe excellent collector, M. Forsler-
man, introduced by Mr. Lardner, has flowered rather
soon. I have a flower at hand sent by R. H.
Measures, Esq., at Streatham, to Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams, and two others which flowered at Ham, near
Hamburgh, with Herr von Ohlendorff, under the able
management of Mr. Blyth. I am told by Mr. B. S.
Williams that the plant has the growth of Dendrobium
Jamesianum, and is covered with small hairs. The
flowers are of the lightest green, with darker green
veins. Mid. line of sepals keeled outside. Petals
reflexed. Lip whitish. Callus, side-lacinias, excluding
the tips and edges, brick-red. Column with brick-red
longitudinal stripes in front. The flower is about the
same size as that of Dendrobium macrophyllum,
Reich. (Veitchianum, Lindl.), and of same firm tex-
ture. I could not find a vestige of the mauve lines which
I had indicated in my above quoted description as
probably products of chemical changes. //. G. Rchh. f.

GAULTHERIA NUMMULAR-
lOlDES.

The Gaulthetias are plants closely allied to the
Perneltya and Aibutus. They belong to the natural
order Ericacea:. G.Shallon,G. fragrans, and G. anti-
poda are strong-growing under-shrubs 3 to 6 feet
high, while G. nummularifolia and G. procumbens
are dwarf creeping species, covering the ground
rapidly where they have a congenial soil ; the latter,
G. procumbens, is a pretty evergreen shrub, with
ovate, leathery, dark green leaves, and with pendent,
white, bell-shaped flowers. Its chief attraction is in
autumn and winter, when its leaves change to a dull
rose, and each slender stem is surmounted by beauti-
ful scarlet fruit. The one under notice and repre-
sented by fig. S4 is highly ornamental and a most
useful plant ; it has wiry sub-prostrate and slightly
arching stems, which are clothed their entire length
with alternate, roundish, Nummularia-like deep green
leaves, which are silvery-green below. This feature
adds greatly to the beauty of the plant, especially 50
when the stems are used and interspersed wilh cut
flowers, &c. ; it is a most useful plant for this purpose,
as it keeps fresh for weeks when placed in water.
The blossoms are produced at the base of each leaf
along the whole length and on the under-side of the
stem ; in size, form, and colour they resemble those
of the Lily of the Valley, though they are frequently
tinged with rosy-pink. For many years this plant has
been most successfully cultivated in the York nur-
series, where it has been tried in various ways and
used for various purposes. It forms a pleasing object

October ii, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

457

when used for clothing banks on rockwotk, or planted
about in isolated tufts in conspicuous positions the
effect is good. It has also been used with advantage
in carpet-bedding ; where it was planted in ordinary
garden soil and exposed to the full rays of the
sun, it did remarkably well. Another valuable fea-
ture of this plant is its adaptability for planting in
baskets for suspending from the roofs of conserva-
tories, &c. : no plant with which I am acquainted
is better suited for this purpose than this pretty
Gaultheria. About a year ago one was placed in a
large wire basket, and the plant is now nearly 3 feet
in diameter ; its running under-ground shoots have
shot out in all directions through the apertures of the
wire, over the whole surface of the basket, until it
almost resembles a ball of living green ; some of
the pendent shoots are nearly 18 inches long,
giving the whole a most graceful and elegant ap-
pearance. I may remark that the plant is quite
hardy, is evergreen, and that it thrives best in
moist sandy peat in well drained positions. It is a

each case is three. The final award is made at the
exhibition, but the decisions on cropping and table
quality are taken at the garden. All that are now
enumerated are worth growing, for only to such are
marks awarded.

Hushes' Earlitst of All. — A white kidney in the
way of Myatt's, short growth, neat tubers, a fair crop
of even size. For crop, two marks ; for table quality,
two marks.

Harvester. — Victoria type, growth robust, very
green ; tubers neat, even in size, quite clean ; rather
late. For crop, three marks ; for table quality, three
marks.

Chancellor. — A large, flattisb, handsome white
round, top-growth robust, stems purple, leaves large
and very green. Late. For crop, three marks ; for
table quality, three marks.

Sunrise. — A very neat white kidney, of moderate
top-growth, a good cropper, and early. For crop,
three marks ; for table quality, two marks.

Aspirant. — A handsome late white, in the way of

Fig. 84.— gaultheria nummularioides. (see p. 456.)

native of the Himalayas. Richard Potter, Hol^ale,
York.

INTERNATIONAL POTATO
EXHIBITION.
Trial of New Varieties at Chiswick, 1884.—
The Royal Horticultural Society has. again gener-
ously assisted ihe International Potato Exhibition by
affording all Ihe needful means for trial culture of
seedling Potat s entered for competition. They have
been grown at Chiswick, under the superintendence
of Mr. A. F. Barron, and have been inspected from
time to time, and finally submitted to the test of tast-
ing by members of the International Committee. A
considerable proportion of the seedlings on trial
proved to be comparatively worthless, but a few were
found possessing beauty of appearance, high cropping
powers, and good table quality. These few are now
reported on. It would be waste of time to describe
the varieties that were dismissed as undesirable, and,
moreover, it is no part of the policy of the Inter-
national Committee to condemn anything, for as con-
ditions vary so may results. The highest number of
marks for appearance, cropping, and table quality in

Rector of Woodstock. Top-growth strong, the crop
fine. For crop, three marks ; for table quality, three
marks.

Pride of Eydon. — A white round of variable form,
apparently needing further selection, with a view to
secure regularity of form, A very heavy cropper,
tubers smallish, but not objectionably so. For crop,
three marks ; for table quality, three marks.

London Hero. — A white round, flattish, neat,
smooth. Top-growth stout and short. For crop,
three marks ; for table quality, three marks.

Snowball. — A very handsome variety in the way of
Snowflake. Top-growth very shorthand stout. Crop
even and bright, but scarely enough of it. For crop,
two marks ; for table quality, three marks.

The Suketra. — A somewhat rough white tuber of
the Snowflake type, but less handsome. Top-growth
dwarf and stout, crop heavy and even. For crop,
three marks ; for table quality, three marks.

No. 4 (Lye). — This may be described as a white
Blanchard. Top-growth stout and bushy, the crop
heavy and even. For crop, three marks ; for table
quality, two marks.

No. 2 (Ironside). — A yellowish-white round in the
way of Porter's Excelsior. Top-growth dwarf and

bushy, crop even and heavy. For crop, three marks j
for table quality, two marks.

Seedlint; M.P, — A late handsome white round,
Top-growth dwarf and stout, the crop remarkable for
evenness ; no chats, and no overgrown tubers to be
found. For crop, three marks ; for table quality, three
marks.

Cruiiifs Seedling. — A smallish white round. Top-
growth very short, the crop fair, considering its earli-
ness. No award was made, as the variety appears not
to be adapted for an open ground competition. It is
included in this report, however, because it appears
to be well adapted for frame culture, and is likely for
that purpose to prove useful.

Riifus. — A large handsome rosy-purple kidney,
Top-growth robust, spreading, and wiry ; a late and
moderate cropper. For crop, two marks ; for table
quality, two marks.

Rosebud. — A coloured round, delicately mottled
pink on white ground, but giving a rather small pro-
portion of handsome tubers. Top-growth short and
stout, crop heavy but uneven. For crop, three marks ;
for table quality, two marks.

No, 3 (Lye). — A purple variety of the Vicar of
Laleham type, handsome and useful. Top-growth
short and stout. For crop, two marks ; for table
quality, two marks.

Cardinal. — A light red kidney, not handsome.
Top-growth strong. For crop, three marks.

No. 6 (Fenn), — A handsome purplish-red kidney,
in form an equal ellipse, Top-growth moderate. For
crop, three marks.

Seedling Floyd, — A white variety, in the way of
Bresee's Prolific, Top-growth robust, crop heavy
and rough. For crop, three marks ; for table quality,
two marks.

Bed font Rose, — A late red round, of medium size
and good appearance, long keeping. Top-growth
strong. For crop, two marks.

THE ROYAL NURSERIES AT
LANGPORT.

In the course of frequent visits to that wonderful
combination of attractions at South Kensington, all of
which by a greater or less stretch of the imagination
are connected with the important subject of health,
there were few among the indirect attractions of
the place, which interested me, as a lover of
flowers, more than the show of richly tinted spikes
of one of our finest cut flowers for decorative pur-
poses— I mean the exhibition of Gladioli by Messrs.
Kelway & Son, of Langport, Somersetshire. When
to this pleasure I was able to add the knowledge of
the fact that to keep up this constant show of Gladioli,
fresh, bright, and beautiful, Messrs. Kelway & Son
were sending fresh supplies of spikes of bloom almost
daily throughout the months of August and September,
from Langport to the " Healtheries," I, in common I
daresay with others who bad a knowledge of the same
fact, experienced a temporary impression that the firm
which could show such a remarkable instance of
business enterprise and public spirit, must be one of no
ordinary character, and I there and then resolved that
if ever I found myself in that neighbourhood I would
see what sort of a place and what sort of people could
afford to supply us Londoners and our country cousins
with this daily source of pleasure and delight.

The latter days of August found me enjoying A.
holiday tour in the West. I visited the wondrous
cliffs of Cheddar and its weird cavern of stalactite ; I
toiled upward to the summit, which affords a mag«
nificent and extensive view of luxuriant country,
with Glastonbury on the left and the Bristol Channel
on the right. After enjoying Nature's sublimities
which abound in this part of our island I bethought
myself of my hasty resolution at the " Healtheries,"
and decided, forthwith, by way of a contrast, to visit
the quiet every-day life, but, as I had reason to
expect, no less interesting works of Nature and Art,
in the Langport Nurseries. On my arrival I
asked to see Mr. Kelway, sen., the chief of
the establishment in which I had taken such a lively
interest. I soon had the pleasure of looking upon
a truly representative man, whose whole life, I
at once imagined, and afterwards learned, had
been devoted to his favourite pursuit — the cul-
ture of flowers. With such a devotion I had a cor-
dial sympathy, and as the respected head of the
firm gave me a hearty welcome, and was both affable
and communicative, I was soon absorbed in listening
to some of the striking features of an eminently useful

453

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1884,

life's work. Like many successful men, Mr. Kelway's
beginnings were small. It was in :85I that he located
himself at the Langport Nurseries, which were thence-
forward destined to gain a name and fame. At that
time he had but an acre of ground, but now the firm
of Kelway & Son, for the purposes of the nurseries
and for the raising of seeds, occupy no less than
120 acres. Langport is situate in a low-lying dis-
tiict, but the bulk of the land used for the nurseries
lies somewhat higher than the rest. Two residences,
a large warehouse for storing seeds and making up
and executing orders, and a multitude of glasshouses
and sheds, are plainly indicative of the extensive busi-
ness which is here carried on.

Naturally my first thought was to see something of
the chi-f Lt\i:uvre of the establishment — the cultivation
o( the stately and beautiful Gladiolus, and I was at
once taken over various parts of the grounds and
shown a sight not soon to be forgotten — of thousands
and thousands, in fact whole fields, of this fine flower
in full bloom ! Imagine, if you can — you whose
experience of Gladiolus growing, like that of the
writer, has been limited to a few neglected patches
of the old but effective brenchleyensis [type — just
imagine, if you can, the appearance of 21 acres
of Gladioli I including the most magnificent spikes
of endless varieties of the most exquisite tints I
Imagine whole fields of these stately flowers, and
rows of them each a quarter of a mile long, and then
of your charily spare the writer the impossible task
of describing their beauty as seen in this their home.
The celebrated French cultivator of the Gladiolus, M.
Souchet, late gardener at the Imperial gardens at Fon-
tainebleau, began to hybridise or fertilise for raising
new varieties of the Gladiolus in the year 1834, and
with the varieties thus obtained Mr, Kelway, in the
year 1S51, began fertilising theGladiolusgandavensis, a
hybrid raised from an imported species from Natal,
called psittacinus, or natalensis, and the seedlings
produced by this hybridisation formed the ground-
work of the extensive stock, now numbering upwards
of 2000 varieties, grown at Langport ! At the time
of my visit I not only saw the flowers at their best,
but it was an extremely busy season, for many hands
were engaged in cutting, picking, naming, and pack-
ing the spikes of bloom for exhibition, sale, and
decorative purposes, to be sent to all parts of the
kingdom — a work which occupied many of the staff,
for on some days as many as 1500 to 2000 spikes had
to be packed and sent off. The method of packing
interested me much, being extremely ingenious and
well adapted for securing the safe arrival of the spikes,
uninjured by a lengthy railway journey or a voyage
even across ihe Irish Sea, The care and attention in
keeping true to name such an immense number of
varieties must be very great, and each year is adding
new varieties to the number, each one, with all those
that have preceded it, having a characteristic beauty
of its own which one would not willingly sacrifice.
Among the new varieties introduced during the sea-
son 1S83-4 there are several which are very beautiful,
and which must add another reward to the gifted and
wonderfully painstaking cultivator for the long series
of continuous experiments which has led up to his
present magnificent stock.

Amongst the new varieties to be sent out next
year, I noticed the following as being remarkable
flowers :— Lady Carrington, pale lilac, streaked with
carmine, and having a white throat ; Her Majesty,
lilac, lighted with white ; Duke of Buccleuch,
salmon-flaked lake, with a light centre ; Mr. Glad-
stone, scarlet-crimson, with a light centre ; Earl of
Latham, purple-crimson, with a white spot on the
lower petal.

In many other branches of flower, fruit, and
seed growing the firm has been equally successful.
Farm seeds, fruit trees, grass seed &c., all find
a pKice, while on account of the supply of Roses
being constantly sent out, the nurseries are known
far and wide, especially for Teas, which are pro-
pagated and grown on their own roots, and of which
I was informed they sent out from fifteen to twenty
thousand annually. Among the general stock,
Primulas, Cinerarias, Calceolarias, Cyclamens, &c.,
are all very extensively grown, and to Gloxinias
and Begonias several houses are devoted for the
production of seed. Of the value of this seed, its
minute character, and the tediousness of the operations
connected with saving and selling it, I was informed
that of Begonia seed it was found that 7,200,000 seeds
go to make cne ounce, while the value of the seed of
there :wo planis i' a;i[-eirs is much greater than gold-

one ounce being worth twenty guineas. No wonder
that seeds in small packets are not very numerous.
Again, I found that over an acre of ground is devoted
to the cultivation of Hyacinthus candicans,
Ihe beautiful white bell-shaped flower of which
is very much used for bouquets, and well
adapted for forcing into bloom in the early
months of the year when flowers are much wanted.
The Amaryllis, now becoming so popular, is very
largely cultivated, ten span-roofed houses being
devoted to the cultivation of the bulbs, the stock of
whichnownumbers from 15,0001020,000, Of Dahlias,
single and double, there is also a very extensive col-
lection of 600 varieties, to which is added annually
every new variety as it comes out, With Pyrethrums,
single and double, Messrs, Kelway have also been
very successful, and an acre of ground is devoted
to the culture of these beautiful hardy flowers. The
Gaillardia, a flower now very much in demand, is
also cultivated on an equally large scale. But besides
their successful and extensive cultivation of flowers
and plants, Messrs. Kelway & Son are probably the
largest producers of Cucumber seed in the country.
Every variety is grown, and new varieties constantly
added. One in particular I noticed, the Emerald,
a promising variety which is to be sent into commerce
next season.

plants, the fibre being preferable, as the flowers
lie clean on its surface, and may be picked with-
out spot or stain on their petals. For coming in
late Violets require no warmth, and any cold frame
or pit will do to shelter them ; but they should be got
in now, and planted in the way already referred to.
The sorts most desirable for frames are Marie Louise
and the old Neapolitan, the first-named being the
best, as it has larger, deeper-coloured blooms, and is
of a hardier constitution and more sturdy in habit.
Among the singles there are none better than The
Queen and The Czar, which are both strong-growing
free-flowering kinds, now too well known to need any
description, y, 5,

VIOLETS.

Few if any flowers are more popular than Violets,
as they are in equal favour among rich and poor, who
prize them at all seasons, but it is only those who
have frames that can pick them in quantity during
the winter. To do so at that period the plants
to afford the bloom must have been specially pre-
pared by being planted out early in May, and
well grown during the summer by having
every attention as to watering and picking oflF
the runners, so as to throw the strength into the
crowns, for if these are not large and properly
developed, with blossoms already formed in them
in the embryo state, no amount of good treatment will
bring them forth now. With plants such as those
referred to the matter is easy enough, as all they
require is a moderate warmth under shelter from
glass above, to induce them to bloom with the
greatest of freedom. The best way to make up the
frame for them is to lay a foundation of faggots, or
rubbishy wood, on which to build the bed, as by
having a hollow bottom of that kind heat may be
driven under by adding to and refreshing the lining.
The most suitable material for forming the bed is a
mixture of stable-dung and leaves, which ferment
gently ; and to cause them to do this, and retain the
warmth generated, they should be turned over
together a few times to let out the rank steam, when
they will be ready for use, and may at once be packed
on the faggots to a depth of 2 feet, and the frame
stood in its place at the top.

To bring ■ the Violets close to the glass it will be
necessary to fill the inside with rotten leaves, and soil
over them to plant in, so as to bring the heads up
level with the undersides of the rafters, or even a
little higher, as it is important that they should have
all the light and sun possible during the short days
now setting in so quickly upon us.

In taking up the plants great care is requisite to lift
them with good balls, that they may receive no
check, and when placing them in the frame the soil
should be pressed well round them, and the plants so
arranged that they stand just clear of each other.
The next thing is to give a thorough watering through
a fine-rosed pot, and if the sun should be very bright
it will be advisable to shade for an hour or two in the
middle of the day, so as to prevent flagging, and give
the roots a chance to make a fresh start. With any-
thing like fine weather the lights are best ort' till the
end of October, as the fresh air and genial night dews
are very refreshing to the plants, which hate confine-
ment at any time ; and therefore when the sashes are
put on the frames they should be kept tilted at the
back, or withdrawn on mild favourable days.

What interferes more than anything else with
winter Violets is damp, to avoid which it is a good
plan to place dry cocoa-nut fibre, or fresh soil in the
same condition, between the rows and around the

A GARDENING TOUR.

Low Fields,— My next visit, after leaving Edge
Hall, was to the residence of the Rev. F. D.
Horner, Low Fields Burton-in-Lonsdale, We hap-
pen to have a mutual friend, and years ago I
remember the presence and also the lectures of
Mr. Horner's father when he was the leading
physician at Hull. So it was not a work of
very great lime to feel perfectly at home with him.
We plunged at once in mcdias res, and Mr, Horner
told me more about Auriculas, their properties, Ihe
right way of growing them, &c., during Ihe drive
from the railway station to his house than I had ever
heard before in my life, I confess, though I took
good care not to say so to my friend at the time,
that I was steeped to the lips in prejudice against
florists, and florists' flowers, and everything that
belongs to them. I was especially anxious to pay
this visit because I knew that florists' flowers would
be seen at their best at Low Fields, and that Mr.
Horner is their cleverest advocate. " How do you
know what points to go in for?" was met by him
with the rejoinder, " We lake up those to which the
flower lends itself naturally." "Who is to set the
fashion about your favourite's dress ? " was disposed
of in this way — " There is no 'fashion' about it at
all. You would never have a doubt as to what ought
to be done if you were an Auricula grower ? " And so
it went on till the long avenue of trees had been
reached which leads to Mr. Horner's quiet home, and
the barking of his numerous dogs in full chorus
announced their master's return. The mere look of
his garden and its contents was in the strongest con-
trast to what I had left behind in the morning. At
Edge Hall the sun was, so to say, at the zenith ; at
Low Fields everything seemed to be reposing in quiet
shade. The brightest possible colour was poured
out everywhere, and giving adornment in one case,
in the other there was no colour at all. But it was
not difficult to understand the meaning of this. Mr,
Horner's great time in the year had gone by. His
plants and bulbs were all resting after their efforts,
and he was just quietly leading them along to future
victories. For let it be said his whole mind is given
up to his favourite work. Auriculas are exacting in
their requirements from season to season, and he puts
them into one house, or takes them out of it and puts
them into another, as he deems to be desirable, I
noticed several large glasshouses that were entirely
given up to his favourite flower. One was 30 feet
long by 10 wide ; another was 20 feet long by
10 wide, with a southern exposure ; a third measured
48 feet by 12, with glass down to the ground, and an
east and west run, and there were about 50 feet of
frames with glass down to the ground in front, and most
of them were used for Auriculas, Mr. Horner told
me that the south lean-to houses carried all his spe-
cimen plants from October to May, which plants arc
placed in a north aspect as soon as they are repotted.
Some are put under tift'any in open ground, and some
in frames, and many unbloomed seedlings are left in
the open air.

No heat, save under very extraordinary circum-
stances, is ever used for an Auricula — it would,
indeed, resent it at once ; it is not so forgetful of its
origin and the wild mountain breezes to which it
was accustomed as to stand any coddling. It must
be protected from scorching suns and drenching rains,
and then it is satisfied. Mr. Horner informed me
that only a very few indeed remained of the favourite
varieties of his early days. It seemed to be quite a
sad consideration with him. One set has superseded
another — improvement has followed upon improve-
ment— and the flowers of which his father (who was
a great Auricula grower) would have been proud,
have now scarcely a place at all, A few o( them

October tt, 1884.)

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

4S9

just linger on, more for association's sake than any*
thing else; but those which some thirty years ago
were the commonest are now among the rarest of any
plants that he has. Mr. Horner possesses some 800
picked specimens, on which most of his hopes
depend, lie has .ibout 1300 maiden seedlings, which
have yet to declare themselves, about looo tiny plants
which will grow into next succession, and a crop of
some 2000 seeds, which he considers to be very good
indeed for the year, and which he has carefully gar-
nered in.

It Is no part of my object now to write a paper on
Auricula growing, or I might fill up your space with
the mysteries of green-edged, and grey-edged, and
white-edged, and self flowers. It did just strike me,
though I kept it all very quietly to myself, that a
green-edged flower may be very beautiful, but must
be rather anomalous. The words which this great
master of his art was continually using sounded
strange in my ears — pips, paste, body, rose-leaf petal,
eye, tube, and rim. Most of these took me out of
the world in which I had been accustomed to live.
I was in a new atmosphere altogether ; and then the
names of the plants themselves — where in the world
did they come from ? — Blackbird, Freedom, Lanca-
shire Hero, &c. It must require a good deal of inge-
nuity to find suitable names of this sort for some
2000 or 3000 plants with their separate and well-
marked idiosyncrasies. I think of all the surprises
to which Mr. Horner treated me the other day the
greatest by far was to be told that he could assign
the proper name to each one of the numerous
varieties from a mere inspection of the leaf. I have
heard of a shepherd being able to individualise his
6ock, and that would seem to an outsider to be diffi-
cult enough, but there may be some expression
in a sheepish countenance after all, and an
animal can speak to you after a way. Who,
however, can differentiate 1000 leaves, and those
leaves of precisely the same plant ? Vet this is
what Mr. Horner can do, and his Blackbirds
and Colonel Taylors, and Smiling Beauties, and many
proved seedlings, are all read off by him at a glance,
not only from the flower, but from the foliage, which
is a very different thing. His mind is saturated with
the traditions of the best Auricula lore ; he has lived in
its company, and tended and loved it, and thought
about it from his youth up. It is to him a constant
reminder of his happiest childish days. His father
speaks to him again through the smiles of the flower.
He has gone on from victory to victory by its aid.
Not to grow an Auricula would be for him to have
life robbed of its zest — it would be flat and uninter-
esting ; and this is not the only reason why I should
pin my faith to his colours. This matter of Auricula
growing is a very ticklish business indeed. You
should be well armed for a contest if you want to
succeed in it, and my friend has been selecting and
selecting for a very long time, and now he holds in
his hands a strain which can distance all others. More
than this, the occupant of Low Fields made a very
good choice, from an Auricula point of view, when
he pitched his tent there. No glare of the sun
will ever be too much for him in that quiet retreat
— mountain breezes bring freshness to his doors all
the day long. Given only the fact that a cool, quiet,
shady location is required, and this is the spot for it.
As with Auriculas, so with the florists' Tulip, the
Pink, the Carnation and Picotee, and other florist
flowers, Mr. Horner is perfectly at home. Drawer
upon drawer are full of Tulip bulbs, and by an inexor-
able rule he takes them out of the ground on the
longest day and re-plants them in November on Lord
Mayor's day ; but I must not run on about this, for
sheets might be filled with it. It should just be
noticed that, however eminent as a florist Mr. Horner
is, and however grand his florists' flowers certainly
are, he by no means confines his attentions to such as
these. He is a specialist in the strictest sense of that
word — but a specialist with very wide sympathies
indeed. I never saw a garden with so many gro-
tesque and odd-looking things in it before. Some-
how as a fantastic gurgoyle eminently befits a Gothic
cathedral, so with plants — beauty and singularity often
go hand in hand ; and where you find one of
these prized in the highest degree, the other is valued
also. Mr. Horner has a very interesting bed of
insecliform-podded annuals of the Scorpiurus and
Medicago tribes — e.g.^ Scorpiurus vermiculata, S.
subvillosa, S. submutica, S. sulcata, and some
varieties of Astragalus and Onobrychis.

The Scorpiuri are the funniest of these, and are

well worth growing. Another oddity of a different
sort is the squirting Cucumber, Concombre vivace of the
French (Elaterium). It hangs its explosive fruit ai
innocently as the Snowdrop's nodding bell, but it is
poised at such an angle as to throw the ripe seed
furthest off, and to make sure of hitting some one in
the face, or up the coat-sleeve of the intruder who
handles it.

Linarias seemed to be greatly in favour at Low
Fields ; L. aureo-reticulata, L. marrocana, L. alpina,
and L, triornithiphora were in blossom all over the
place. In the greenhouses very many notabilities
are to be seen — ^.^., Disa grandiflora, Impatiens
Sultani, Imantophyllums, and Tigridias of all sorts,
were at their best ; and it is certain that though Mr.
Horner does some few things so pre-eminently well,
he has sympathies which are wide enough for all the
rest. As might have been expected, the plant which
likes him least is an Iris. I came across several
Irises that looked in a very uncomfortable way ; I
scarcely think he will manage them. Some of the glass-
houses were filled with Rivers' finest sorts of Peaches
and Nectarines, and Mr. Horner knows well how to
manage them ; but even these houses have a use
which is peculiar to themselves.

Quite a study of cereals is prosecuted, especially
Maize, and it is more than likely that improved sorts
of Barley will take their origin from Low Fields. At
any rate there is plenty of interest to be found there
already. The black Barley, Hordeum nigrum, must
not be passed over without a word. There are three
varieties which are ripe just now, with two-rowed
ears, and two varieties with six-rowed ears. It is
most beautiful from every point of view, with its
golden straw and jet black ears, and bloom as of a
Black Hamburgh Grape, and awns of rich brown.
Triticum compositum is a fine \Yheat, 6 feet high, and
there are several others of note.

A water garden crowns all Mr. Horner's attrac-
tions, and I should think all who see it must wish to
have the same. I can only give a list of some of the
plants which were thriving in it. They are as
follows : — Nymphsea alba and N. odorata, and
Nuphar lutea, Villarsia nymphceoides, Hottonia palus-
tris, Sagittaria fl.-pl., S. palustria, S. variabilis, S.
simplex, S. lancifolia, Calla ^ethiopica and C.
palustris, Crinum capense, Butomus umbellatus,
Agapanthus umbellatus. Primula rosea, Pontederia
cordata, Aponogeton, &c.

Florists of Mr. Horner's stamp and acquirements
enormously help on the cause they have at heart, and
indirect advantages also flow from them. If he does
give himself up rather much to the production of
flowers of a particular type he shows how a great
many other things can go along with it. A love of
Nature is the moving spring with him beyond all
doubt, and the singularity of his efforts has an attrac-
tion of its own. It would be impossible to spend
two or three days at Low Fields without finding
great pleasure in it, and, it may be added, without
deriving great instruction as well. A Wanderer.

{To be continued^

THE OLD WHITE AZALEA
(INDICA ALBA) FOR FORCING.

No class of individuals in their time have done so
much to diffuse a taste for gardening amongst the
masses as the old florists of the past ; scattered about
as they were in different parts of the kingdom follow-
ing their delightful hobby, though often in a humble
way, their work not only led to a perception amongst
their compeers of the beauties existent in plants and
flowers, but was frequently not without its influence
on the stratum of society above them. Form (accord-
ing to the standard they originated) was what they
aimed at in the kinds of flowers they took in hand,
and all that their critics have had room to find fault
with is that their standard was a mistake from a
natural as from an artistic point of view, which is
true, but, like some other things that are incorrect,
the florist's idea of form is being corrected by public
taste. Flowers with broad, even, rounded petals, that
overlap each other so as to form something approach-
ing an unbroken circle, are not objectionable when
growing on the plant, but when they are to be used
for arrangement in a cut state few that are so formal
are admissible. In this way it is with Azaleas ; the
original old white narrow petalled Chinese kind, A.
indica alba, now in the country considerably over
half a century, still finds the most favour with the

public, as*shown by the London florists, who natur-
ally give the preference to that which they can sell
the best. The form the flowers of this old kind
assume with the segments erect— not flat, as in the
florists' hybrids — with their dead white shade of
colour, give them when arranged in a bouquet or other
ways a much more artistic appearance than present
in the newer race of seedlings. The quantities of
this old white Azalea that are in the hands of the
London market growers are immense ; one of the
finest lots that we have met with is in Mr. Goubert's
nursery at Kilburn, where there is a home 80 feet
long by some 40 feet wide completely filled with it in
large and medium-sized plants. The stock is pro-
fusely set with flower-buds, as with most of the
market growers the plants are confined in compara-
tively small pots, and kept in a free condition of
growth by the use of light manures applied during
the growing season. One advantage attending the
cultivation of this Azalea is that it is not near so sub-
ject to the attacks of thrips as other sorts ; its woolly
leaves, coupled with their slightly glutinous condition,
appear not to be in keeping with the tastes of this
destructive parasite, from the effects of which Azaleas
sufl'er to an extent greater than through all other
causes, B^

THE POTATO DISEASE.

As long as the Potato disease exists no doubt it will
be the subject of controversy, and, therefore, some
patience is needed on the part of readers whilst
doctors disagree. Though personally having much
sympathy with the now well-understood Jensenian
theory of the external operation of the Peronospora
spores on the Potato tubers, yet I think Mr. Plow-
right is somewhat begging the question in assuming
that tubers which show disease on the lower sides
must be infected from the interior, because I have
found tubers this, as well as in previous years, the
which have been as much blotched with disease on
the lower sides as in the upper, and yet had no
apparent evidence of disease internally. It must
not be overlooked that the tubers, when swelling
in the soil, force out the soil and form for each a sort
of earth cave, the sides of which by external pressure
are fairly solid ; consequently when rain washes
the spores of the fungus, either down the stalks
or through the thin covering of soil usually found,
the water is just as likely to carry the spores to
the lower sides of the tubers as on to the upper sides :
hence tubers are often found diseased alike all over.
Again, I cannot admit with him that once it is
shown that the spores attack the tubers exter-
nally, more will be done to check the ravages
of the disease than any amount of controversial
writing, for the simple reason that such discovery will
be valueless unless it leads to some practical remedy
being found ; and doubtless Mr. Plowright will say
such remedy] is found in the Jensenian system of
protective earthing. Now it happens — though, for
Potato growers, not unfortunately — that since this
system has been made known in this'country (now three
seasons), that little real opportunity has been offered
to put it to a practical test, and of the three years
none has been more free from disease than the present
one ; but, whilst having much faith in the protective
theory, I have too much reason to fear, having regard
to experience in previous years, that sometimes the
ravages of the fungus are diverse in action, and that
protective earthing would in such cases afford but an
indifferent remedy. Certainly no great credit can be
taken for the system until it has had a severe trial
through some three or four bad disease seasons, should
they unfortunately come. I am not with Mr. Plow-
right in his assumption that the leafage of many kinds
of Potatos has died away because first affected with
disease spots. Since he wrote we have had a marked
change from heat and drought to rains and much
cooler weather ; in fact, atmospheric conditions
such as, were the air full of spores, should
make the disease rampant. But so far fron»
that being the case, here at least I see some
later sorts of Potatos having foliage as green
as vigorous and free from spot as though Perono-
spora infestans was a myth. Still farther, and differ-
ing so greatly from what has been seen in some,
indeed many previous years, all medium late Potatos,
even if like Magnum Bonum and Regent, are par-
tially ripening, yet seem to be still spotless. The
fungus is either very erratic in its action or else it ia
imperfectly understood. As evidence of its erralic

46o

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.

[October ii, i8

character, I may mention that though I have lifted
considerable quantities of some fifteen or sixteen kinds
of Potatos, perhaps lOO bushels in all, yet I had not
met with a single diseased tuber till the other day,
lifting a few of Snowdrop, white kidney, I was sur-
prised to find perhaps a score or so of tubers spotted
all over, just as though afl'ected with small-pox. On
several kinds further lifted no disease has been found.
Again, when looking over the seedling Potatos at
Chiswick the other day, we were much surprised to
light on just a kind here and there similarly and much
diseased externally, whilst some cooked Potatos
selected from them as apparently sound showed on
being broken [that they, too, were badly diseased
just beneath the surface. Why, out of so many sorts,
all growing side by side and under the same condi-
tions, only these two or three kinds should have been
diseased is a problem I cannot solve. A, D,

irxljid |ot^» and il^anmgs.

TheCultureofPleiones.— The Indian Crocuses,
as these plants are called, are just now unfolding their
welcome flowers, and will continue to brighten with
their soft, glowing colours the houses where their larger
brethren are at present busy preparing for the winter
and spring displays, Pleiones are so easy to grow, and
when grown are so sure to bloom freely, that a collection
of them should be found room for in even the smallest
Orchid collections. Many fail with Pleiones through
a notion that they are stove Orchids, which require
much nursing and coddling to be a success, A know-
ledge of the conditions under which these plants are
found growing on the Himalayan mountains would
go far to dispel such a notion, as it also would
help to show what gross feeders these little plants are
when making their new bulbs. Pleiones are all
cool-house plants. Early after the flowers fade the
bulbs should be repotted in a compost of good fibry
loam, chopped sphagnum, and dried cow-dung, six
parts of the first to one each of the others. Pans
Well drained should be used, and the soil pressed
down firmly about the base of the bulbs. As the
young, tender shoots are pushed during the time the
plants are in flower the old soil must be carefully
removed, so that none of the new roots are taken in
the process of repotting. A shelf in a Cattleya-
house, or where the temperature ranges from 50" to
65°, and a position exposed to the full sun, should
then be found for them. Water sparingly until the
new growths are well away, after which an abund-
ance of water should be given until the leaves com-
mence to turn yellow. From this to the flowering
period very little water will be needed. We grew
ours all summer on a shelf, where Disa grandiflora
was at home. Here they made good bulbs, and these
are new flowering very satisfactorily. P. Hookeriana
requires even cooler treatment than that above pre-
scribed for the other species. High up on the Sikkim
Himalayas, at an elevation of from 8000 — 10,000
feet, is where P. Hookeriana is found clinging to the
rocks and old fallen tree trunks. Here, nestling
amongst the mossy covering, which, under the influ-
ence of dense atmospheric moisture, clothes the rocks
and trees, this little gem is happy. In the cold season
the temperature of these regions is often several
degrees below freezing point. It will be gathered
from this that P. Hookeriana is a distinctly cool
Orchid, and should be treated as we treat the Disas.
It thrives best when fastened to a block of wood with
a little sphagnum upon it. P. Hookeriana has bulbs
as large as a robin's egg, smooth and deep red. The
new growth is pushed along with the flower, and
consists of a solitary leaf, with a long sheathed petiole,
and the blade 2 inches in length. From the apex of
the petiole the flower is developed— a pretty rosy-
petalled flower, with a white lip and a few brown
blotches on the lower lobe. P. humilis is distin-
guished by its long-pointed Onion-shaped bulbs,
which are dark green, and are almost completely
wrapped in a brown fibry coat. The flowers are
white, with lines of deep crimson on their long fringed
lips. P. Wallichiana has thick spotted bulbs and
bright pink flowers, the fimbriated lip being marked
with yellow and white. P. Lagenaria has green
mottled-brown bottle-shaped bulbs, and flowers deep
pink, the lip being white, with a yellow throat, and
deep purple blotches on its recurved side lobes. P.

Reichenbachiana is a rare beauty, characterised by a
bulb like an elongated P. Lagenaria, and flowers white
and pale rose. The lip is almost wholly white, with
a few purple blotches on the lower lobe. P. Schil-
leriana is rarely met with in cultivation. It has
small flattened green bulbs, which are perennial.
The flowers are borne along with the foliage, and are
pale yellow, with the lip blotched and spotted with
red. In the narrowness of the petals of this species,
and the perennial nature of its bulbs, we have the
connecting link between the Pleiones and the genus
Coelogyne. U,

OncidiuiM varicosum var. Rogersii. — There
is something in the habit and behaviour of this plant
that is scarcely less curious and interesting than the
flowers are beautiful. The sepals and petals are
small, and transversely barred with brown on a pale
yellow ground, while the labellum is comparatively
large and clear yellow, with a brown blotch at the
base. The flower-stems vary from 2 to 6 feet in length,
according to the strength of the plant, and bear a
profusion of flowers on loosely panicled branches.
These flowers are all directed to the upper side
of the branches, and vary extremely in size,
bearing a striking resemblance to a swarm of
highly coloured insects on the wing, uniform in
colour, but different in size. There would seem to be
a want of constitutional vigour to develope all the
flowers properly, as sometimes happens in O. bifrons,
and always in O. heteranthum. Some specimens in
the cool Orchid-house at Kew are conspicuously
handsome,

Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. — I send you a
photograph of a Dendrobium thyrsiflorum which has
the peculiarity of flowering twice a year. In May of
this year it had five flower-spikes from the old bulbs ;
in September it flowered again from the bottom —
it has done the same for the last four years, and
is now making two strong growths. H. M. Pollett.

Akrides Sanderiana. — This grand newAerides,
which was imported some time ago by Messrs, F.
Sander & Co., of St. Albans, but which was retained
in their nursery until the collector's florid description
of it could be tested, is now in flower at St. Albans,
and fully warrants the high character received with it.
The individual flowers are very large, petals white,
suffused with lemon-yellow, and tipped with mauve.
The hood of the labellum which covers the column
is very broad, clear light yellow, the cap or crest
being violet-carmine, and its spur greenish-yellow,
faintly dotted with black. A. Sanderiana is a very
important novelty. It reminds one of a yellow-tinted
A. Lawrencise. Two plants of it are in flower.
7. O'B.

GRAPES IN COOL VINERIES.

The remarks in your leading article at p. 432 on
the above subject bring to my mind a vinery, some
two or three miles from here, that has produced
excellent crops of very useful table Grapes each year
for the past twelve years, to my knowledge, and
which can honestly be called a cool vinery. The
vinery in question is at Orton Hall, Tadcaster, and a
few remarks on its form, &c,, may be useful to some,
at least, of your readers.

It is an ordinary lean-to, with a steep pitch of roof,
as will be easily seen when I state that it is 7 feet in
width, and covers the surface of a wall about 13 feet
high, the front upright sashes being about 2 feet
6 inches in height, every other of which is made to
open for front ventilation. The roof is what is termed
a fixed one, being formed of astragals, or sash-bars,
that run its whole length save where the top venti-
lators are fixed, these being about 3 feet in width by
the same in depth, and about 8 feet apart from centre
to centre. They are hung at the bottom, and open
with an ordinary iron lever to each one. The length
of the house is 90 feet, and it was erected by an ordi-
nary country carpenter some twenty years ago.

The great difference in the internal arrangement of
the Vines from ordinary vineries is that they are
planted against the back wall, the rods being trained
to a light wire trellis fixed some 4 inches therefrom.
This is necessary so that the fruit may hang clear of
the wall. In this case there are only three Vines to
fill the whole house. The main rods are trained
horizontally along the base of the wall, and shoots
led from them perpendicularly about every 2 feet,
These main rods have struck out roots in several

places into the border, which as a natural consequence
have strengthened the Vines veiy much. The path
runs close to the back wall.

The soil of the border is a strong holding loam
resting on limestone, and the roots have free access to
the outside at the front through openings left when
building the front wall. They get plenty of water
during the summer season, and an annual dressing of
good farmyard manure each year some time during
the winter or early spring, with an occasional soaking
of manure-water when the fruit is swelling off in the
months of July and August. The varieties of Grapes
are Black Hamburgh and Royal Muscadine.

The only heat available is through flues in the back
wall, and this is seldom or ever used save to keep out
late frosts in the spring, to assist in ripening the
wood in the autumn, and to dry up the moisture in the
atmosphere, so as to prevent the fruit from decaying
in the month of November, during which month I
have several times seen upwards of a hundred bunches
of useful Grapes hanging on the Vines. The front
part of the house is useful for many purposes, and
especially so for growing Tomatos in the summer,
storing half-hardy plants and salads in winter, and a
few Plums in pots, plunged about every 6 or 8 feet
apart, frequently produce excellent crops of fruit.

I have omitted to mention that along the centre of
the roof there is a bar of iron i inch by \ inch
and to which each astragal is fastened by a screw,
this said bar being supported every 8 feet by an inch
round iron standard, so as to brace the whole struc-
ture together. Some few years ago the gardener, Mr.
Croft, took rods from the back wall and laid them under
the path some 3 inches deep in the border, and
brought them up these iron supports. They have a
very pretty effect, and produce some excellent fruit.
As mentioned before, the main point of difference in
this vinery from others is its steep pitch of roof, and
the Vines being trained to the back wall instead of up
the roof, as is usually done. In my opinion this
latter point is a very important one, and assists very
much in making the house more successful than cool-
house vineries sometimes are under ordinary intelligent
culture.

The Vines seldom or ever get infested with red-
spider or thrips, and they are less liable to sudden
fluctuations in the temperature from being close to
the wall, as the latter naturally gives out heat in
spring and summer after being warmed by the sun's
rays, and it also absorbs moisture freely in the late
autumn months. Were I called upon to build a cool
vinery I sbould at once decide on having it similar in
principle to this one ; and amateurs who are
desirous of combining Grape growing with the
culture of a few greenhouse plants would, I feel
sure, get more pleasure and produce from a house
of this description than from any other I have yet
seen. It could be heated with a How and return hot-
water pipe where a flued wall is not available ; and
those who have not the opportunity of employing a
house carpenter, would find no difficulty in getting
any respectable horticultural builder to erect a house
for them at a moderate cost, especially where a wall
is already built to -fix it to. //. y. Claytotiy Grimslow,

BULBS.

In The Garden of February 4, 1882, Mr. Wolley
Dod says " It has been said of these Orchises (British)^
and I have reason to believe that it is true, that if
prevented for a year or two from perfecting their
flowers, or even from making any growth at all above-
ground, the tuber will increase and the flowering be-
come as it were cumulative, the spike being of extra
size. A similar habit of remaining dormant and yet in-
creasing in size, certainly exists in the case of some
Lilies. In a year or two I hope to be able to speak
with more certainty of this peculiarity in the Orchis."
I am glad to be able to substantiate the above remarks
by the three following cases : — i. In the park here,
where Habenaria bifoHa is annually cut over when
coming into flower, it is much stronger than when left
unmolested. 2. A plant of Lilium candidum broken
over when about six inches in height, increased under-
ground, and the following season produced a remark-
ably fine flower-stem. 3. A flower-spike and the two
leaves of Cypripedium acaule were cut and sent,
when in full flower to Mr. Goldring (for his paper on
Cypiipediums read two years ago in London), and
the plant has flowered this season. These cases cer-
tainly go far in corroboration of the statement I made
in your issue of September 20, p. 370. A, D. IVebsten

October ii, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

461

PRESTON HALL.

This pleasantly situated house, embosomed in the
leafy landscape that borders the sluggish Medway, a
few miles out of Maidstone, is the residence of H. A.
Brassey, Esq. ; it stands on a slight eminence, yet
surrounded on nearly all sides by higher ground which
nowhere approaches so near as to make the views
restricted in extent. The lightly timbered aspect of
the country hereabouts fosters the idea in the be-
holder that a great park is spread out around him,
and the more perfect becomes this park-like appear
ance in the early summer months, when the fields
have nearly all one shade of green, the great Elms
that dot the landscape over with domes of still lighter
green foliage enhancing the park-like pbafactet of (be

near the surface in the valley. Sweet Chestnut is
another tree which finds a favourable soil here, and
young thrifty trees are found everywhere. At about
100 yards to the east of the mansion there are now
standing three examples of Chestnut, which will
rank as giants of the species in this country. The
specimen standing nearest to the house measures at
5 feet from the ground 22 feet 7 inches in girth, and
is 75 feet in height, with a circumference of 261 feet ;
the other two measure respectively 21 feet 5 inches
and 13 feet S inches. These trees have enormous
main branches, especially the largest, which has the
appearance of having been pollarded some centuries
back, whereas the boles of the others present
clear, straight growth up to three-fourths of their
total altitude. In this part of England the Chest-

view round about the house, for nowhere are beds of
flowers brought into much prominence, or so that
they could be seen from the windows, the only
exception being a bed near the conservatory, which is
at all seasons of the year kept gay. To make up for
this paucity of colour in flowers there are found great
numbers of shrubs and dwarf trees of a flowering
character, almost every group containing the finest
Thorns, Cytissus, Cydonias, Pyrus, Lilac, Viburnum,
&c. Rhododendrons of good varieties abound, as do
herbaceous plants, of which there are large borders
always kept gay with flowers in season. From the west
end of the northern terrace a walk runs due west
for about 300 yards, terminating in solidlybuilt alcoves.
This walk is bordered with solitary standard Roses,
planted in small circular beds, and Irish Yews, the

Fig. 85. — THE GARDEN FRONT, PRESTON HALL,

landscape. Looking from the north side of the man-
sion, the park and the agricultural land beyond it
stretch up the hillside and there unite with the verdure
of the downs whose nearest top is 3 miles away. A
little thinning out here and there of a few inter-
cepting trees of not much value, would open up
several vistas in the direction of the hillside. The
foreground is taken up on the left half a mile
away by the village of Aylesford, the picturesque,
albeit well-to-do appearance of which is of no
little value as a pleasing object in the landscape.
Other objects that force themselves on the eye are the
Purple Beeches that are to be found associated com-
monly with Pinus austriaca, P. sylvestris, and P.
insignis. Beech grows fairly well here, but scarcely
so well as the Elm, for although the chalk which the
Beech delights in shows itself in the deep scars of
the chalk pits on the side of the hills — there is none

nut seldom fails to mature its seed, which is
greatly valued for raising plants for timber and
for coppice plants, the crop of the latter being very
largely in demand for hop-poles and cask-hoops.
The house itself is a moderate sized one of modern
construction, and is built of a warm brown stone,
some portions being highly ornate. The walls are in
places well clothed with Ivy, to which Mr. Brassey
attaches great value, and which add much to the
handsome look of the building. The north side of the
mansion is embellished by a small flower parterre
with beds of a scroll pattern edged with box, and
surrounded with gravel. A pretty fountain with a
good sized basin full of Water Lilies, and some few
Golden Yews and Bays, lend additional charms to
the little flower garden (fig. 85), and being hidden
from view from the lower windows is a good feature
in the arrangement— a point that has been kept in

latter promising to make a fine feature in the garden
in years to come. To the right and left of this walk
the well kept lawns teem with fine Conifers, espe-
cially noticeable being the Cedars of Lebanon and C.
Deodara, and Sequoia sempervirens. A Lebanon
Cedar was observed that had a beautiful straight bole
of quite 3 feet in diameter at man's height. Many
of these trees are from 30 and more feet in height,
and having had great attention at all times, have
grown into beautiful symmetrical specimens. For-
merly the lawns were much dotted over with coni-
ferous trees, which would have quite robbed the
garden of its charming glades and breadths of turf
that set off so admirably the remaining trees. But
many of these have been either removed altogether,,
or have been grouped out so as to present nqble bspl^s,
of handsome specimens„that,»r?someti)i>ea^?Wa5?.^l
with flowering trees »»d shrubs, an^infptber in?t?p<^?i8

4Ci2

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1SS4.

not. A little topiaiy work is found .here in some
specimens of Taxus adptessa that are cut into flat-
lopped table-like forms. Many fine specimens of the
golden Yew in its best variety are seen about that in
most cases are innocent of knife or shears, thus
making beautiful objects, that command attention.

Winding umbrageous walks lead away to distant
parts of the grounds, by the side of which some fine
trees are met with. A splendid Libocedrus decur-
rens of nearly 40 feet high, having three stems, and
close and perlect in form down to the ground, stands
near the racquet court. Another fine tree is a Cedar
of Lebanon, standing on the south lawn, which has a
diameter of stem at man's height of about 3 feet,
straight and smooth for many feet upwards. Near
this is a Taxodium sempervirens, whose lower branches
have grown out of all proportion to those of the upper
half, giving a stunted look to those, whilst the whole
aspect is very remarkable. At a short distance from
the south front of the mansion and at right angles to it,
an avenue of Cedars and other Conifers, alternately
planted with (^uercus Ilex, planted so as to pair across
the avenue, runs in a straight course for just a mile.
Most of the trees have grown well, not having sufifered
greatly from overcrowding with commoner trees.
Still further thinning out and the removal of super-
fluous specimens to other sites — a piece of work Mr.
Waterman, the head gardener, carries out most suc-
cessfully— will allow the remaining trees space for
their fullest development. He is also assisting the
growth of backward specimens, or those in which
indications of failing vigour are observable, by placing
new soil in a trench thrown out at some 10 or 12 feet
away from the stem.

This feeding of the Conifers in the thin and rather
infertile soil has had marked effect on those that have
been operated on some year or more. Many of the
evergreen Oaks are 30 feet in height and of equal
diameter of head. Whilst the Cedars, Pines, and
Spruces exceed those in height by 10 to 15 feet.
There are other avenues, somewhat similarly planted,
running to other points of the compass, but which in
consequence ;of the want of timely thinning of the
thick protecting belt of copse have suffered very
severely, the trees also being injured by winds, when
the protection to which they have been used to is
taken away.

From one of these avenues a hilly piece of woodland
is approached that is very gay in early summer with
the blooms of I'onlic Azaleas and Rhododendrons.
These were originally planted according to a certain
plan, but having been left uncared for during many
years the woodland scene had acquired the charm
always to be found in utter wilderness when combined,
as it is here, with much bright colouring. Here and
there were Cryptomeria japonica and Aracauria im-
bricate of 30 feet in height, that had shot up from
amongst the gigantic Rhododedrons, and which really
have had to be rescued from the latter by ruthless
cutting back.

Leaving the pleasure grounds by an ornamental
iron gate we enter a small kitchen garden, the middle
walk being gay with select herbaceous plants, those
most suitable for cutting having the preference ; in
fact, this use of flowers is kept in view throughout
the place, the employment of them being most profuse
at all seasons. In this small garden was a wall case
planted at the front with Cherries May Duke, Frog-
more Early, and Governor Wood, and behind on the
wall with Peaches and Nectarines. Another wall
case was filled entirely with Peaches, mostly well set
with fruits, and remarkable for healthy wood and
foliage. The walls in this garden compartment were
planted with divers fruit trees, but Peaches and Plums
formed the major portion. Many were young thrifty
specimens, whilst others were old and comparatively
fruitless, and were awaiting their removal by degrees.
Another small walled-in garden of about \\ acre had
a Peach case on the north wall with a southern
aspect. In this the trees were planted on a low per-
pendicular trellis about 4 feet high near the front
lights and on a trellis on the wall, the intention being
to bring the latter overhead likewise, instead of
stopping the shoots at the top of the wall. The open
walls in this garden were planted with Plums on the
west and Peaches on the east aspects. The trees
were aged, but still fruitful.

There are two wall cases of considerable dimen-
sions, the one we measured being 40 yards long by
2 yards in breadth. One of these was planted with
Peaches of diverse ages, some in bearing, others being
Still young, and only just beginning to carry 3 few

fruits. The other was planted with Cherries, amongst
which were May Duke, Frogmore Early, and
Governor Wood. This case was not exclusively for
Cherry growing, as Mr. Waterman had planted the
Alexander Peach and several Nectarines.

The great requirements in the way of cut flowers
demand that all available spaces should be utilised,
so we found the broad and sunny border in front of
the cases planted with a large quantity of Roses in
square beds ; apparently they were plants on their
own roots. The vineries are chiefly old>fashioned
structures, but roomy and well ventilated. Of these
there are nine divisions, the major part of which are
filled with fruiting canes, that in some instances are
twenty-five or more years old.

The borders, like most of the other parts of the
gardens, have come under the improving hand of the
present head gardener, and have been mostly renewed
within the last few years ; and the fine fruits now
borne speak to this work having been well done, and
although but few monster bunches are seen, those
hanging at the time of our visit were highly creditable
productions. Some of the Vines are cropped heavily
for years in succession without any visible bad
eft'ects.

There is a Fig-house of a moderate size, the entire
roof of which is covered with a very fruitful specimen
of the Brown Turkey variety. This tree bore sixly-
three dozens of fruit in 1883, and bade fair to carry
an equal number this season, some of the fruit com-
ing up to 4 02. in weight. There is likewise a Peach-
house in good bearing, in the range of which the
vineries form a part. A handsome new range of glass
behind the gardener's house consists of some useful
divisions for the cultivation of the many cool and
warm house plants wanted for indoor purposes and
for cut flowers ; these consist of the usual class of
such things, those easily grown and propagated hav-
ing the preference. A Rose-house is also included in
the new range. It is planted with Teas, and bloom
is furnished the whole winter from the plants in the
borders. Clematises of the finest kinds were also
planted, with the intention of training them over the
roof, but the shade proving injurious to the light-
loving Roses the plan was abandoned, the Clema-
tises being allowed to grow up the sides only so far
as the roof form handsome masses of tangled flowers
and foliage, and perhaps look better than would have
been the case when trained formally overhead. Ad-
joining is a span-roofed hothouse that contained a
mixed collection of such plants as Crotons, Musas,
Palms, Acalypha musaica. Ferns, DracKnas, and
flowering species of various kinds. The adjoining
span-roofed Orchid-house contained the beginnings of
a collection that will probably attain some celebrity
at a later date, and which now has some fine masses
of good things, the most striking and meritorious of
them being Odontoglossum vexillarium, Cattleya Men-
deli, a fine variety ; Cymbidium Lowianum, C. Mas-
tersianum, Lselia crispa, L. purpurata, Cypripedium
in considerable variety, and a very strong piece of
Cymbidium giganleum, that Mr. Waterman dees not
succeed in blooming as yet. From this house is the
entrance into a small warm fernery, a pretty bijou
nook, with running water, healthy Ferns, gold fish, cStc.
The forcing pits are many, as needs must be where
the demands of a family are constant and heavy.
These simple structures are roomy lean-to pits, of
about 10 feet in breadth, and are nearly all healed
with dung linings and similar material, mixed with
leaves for bottom-heat. It is a cheap method, and,
moreover, supplies enormous quantities of capital
manure (or the kitchen garden. There are bouses
for the growing of Cucumbers, Melons, Strawberries,
Toraatos, Pines, &c.

The orchard consists of a partly walled-in area of
4J acres, which is planted with standard Pears,
Apples, Cherries, with breaks of Filberts, and an
undercrop of bush fruits, the walls being clothed
exceedingly well by Pears that require the aid of a
wall J and although Preston Hall stands in one of the
most favoured counties, there are not a few kinds of
Pears which are improved by having the aid of a wall
to grow them to perfection.

The gardens possess that useful adjunct to all large
country places — a nursery — in this case of several
acres in extent, in which trees and shrubs are raised
and tried as to their fitness to the climate and the
soil ; and where specimens can be grown on till
large enough, in the case of shrubs more especially,
to be effective. Rough vegetable crops form succes-
sional crops to the trees and shrubs, and so relieving
the kitchen gardei; in a great measure,

lants and

tV"i I

ullurf.

Stoves.— General Remarks.— The weather of
the past few weeks has been so unusually bright and
fine that we have thought it desirable to prolong the
use of the blinds for a short period during the middle
of the day. Now, however, having entered October,
we shall prefer to discontinue their use entirely and
take the 6rst opportunity of thoroughly drying the
same and have them taken off the houses and stored
for the winter season. After a rain and whilst the
outer surface of the glass is still wet, we find it is a
capital plan to pass a hairbroom or, what is better
still, a brush commonly called a " tar-brush " wiih a
long handle over the glass ; this is a capital tool for the
purpose, offering more resistance than a hair broom,
even when the latter is nearly worn down close.
The tar-brush readily removes any accumulation ol
dust and dirt, as well as any vegetable growth that
may be found on most houses, especially when ex-
posed to the force of the wind when blowing from the
direction of thoroughfares over which a heavy traffic
is carried on. Like any other tool that is brought
into contact with glass, it requires to be carefully
handled and then no harm will ensue. Where there
is any extent of glasshouses devoted to plant culture
during the dull season of the year, we can confidently
recommend a due proportion of these useful as well
as cheap brushes to be kept for the purpose of cleans-
ing the glass. All practical cultivators know the im-
portance of obtaining the maximum amount of light
during the winter months and a little labour in glass
cleansing will be time well spent, not only in benefiting
the plants but in the general appearance also from the
interior of the houses. We have just been over a range
of pits with these brushes, both the exterior as well
as the interior being well washed. When wishing to
cleanse the latter side we merely turn the light over,
and wash it as it lies on the pit, then turn it back to
its proper position, and wash the outside last, as some
little amount of dirty water may possibly pass through
the laps of the glass. This operation is quickly per-
formed when any one has a notion for work of this kind.

Some of the late flowering Allamandas, Dipladenias,
and Ixoras will continue to furnish a good supply of
useful flowers for cut purposes fur a few weeks to
come, and thus keep up the quality of the cut bloom
till there is an abundance of Chrysanthemums and
other winter stock to draw upon. I\ora coccinea is
still one of the very best of the genus for supplying
decorative arrangements. Its splendid trusses (when
the plants are in robust health) are a beautiful sight ;
these, too, are possessed of greater substance than
many of the newer kinds now grown, and conse-
quently better adapted for use in this way. We are
hoping to increase our stock of this fine old sort for
this kind of work ; it will afford a pleasant change to
the usual run of every-day flowers. Allamandas and
Dipladenias that still yield a fair supply will requite
to be watered pretty freely, but not excessively.
Those of each genus that may have gone out of tlovver
should have their late growths somewhat reduced,
more freely in the case of the former than the latter.
Bougainvilleas and Clerodendrons also will be belter
for the same attention, and where room is veiy short
they may be taken from ofl' their trellises and tiained
in a more upright manner around some stakes till
starting time comes round again.

There will not be any too much room in the
majority of places for accommodating plants in
pots between this period and the turn of the
year. Now the Chrysanthemums will need a
good space that must of necessity crowd other
plants for the time being ; the requisite room at
least must be reserved for them although it is not
essential that they should be housed for a week or
two. By*and-by, when the fruit-houses become fit
places for some of the stove stock, there will be less
need to crowd the stove proper ; but extra pressure
will in most cases be needed in making the most of
the room, and the modern warm pits are a great boon
for many plants that would otherwise have to be
grown in the stove itself. Poinsettias, for instance,
would be quite at home in a dry warm pit, where they
could have abundance of air in favourable weather :
free ventilation and a dry atmosphere will greatly aid
in bringing their showy bracts to perfection. If a
good strong growth has already been secured, the
same treatment will alKO help to keep the plants

OcTOHER II, l8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

4^.1

from becoming so much drawn. By all means i(
possible avoid keeping this useful plant in a damp
atmosphere, which is invariably prejudicial to the
production of well-proportioned bracts. Any stock
that received their last shift somewhat early will now
have filled their 'pots pretty well with active roots ;
these plants should soon be treated to occasional
doses of liquid manure, which will help them to retain
their foliage in a healthy state, without which fiuture
results will not be so satisfactory. Euphorbia jacqiii-
ni.i;flora will also succeed well under the same treat-
ment as that accorded to the Poinsettia, although we
have seen it finely done in a higher temperature with
a dry atmosphere.

We have some Gardenias still in a cold house, but
shall soon bring them into the stove to supply coat flowers
during the winter. This is a very accommodating
genus of plants, a cool course of treatment during the
summer months being inducive to winter flowering.
A few of the stock of Epiphyllum Iruncatum vars.
may be introduced into more warmth ; with us the
buds are pushing and only need a little pressure
to bring Ihem to perfection. Plants of Plumbago
rosea and P. coccinea, if of good length of shoot, will
produce a very pretty effect if trained up wires near
the roof. Tall plants of Thyrsacanthus rutilans will
also display their graceful racemes to the best advant-
age in a similar position, aiming to arrange them so
that the same will catch the eye when walking
through the house. The earliest of the Eranthemum
pulchellum and E. Andersoni will now be useful; both
of these plants will thrive well in a damp position
where many plants that flower during the winter will
soon spoil. An intermediate house will be most
useful for such plants as Centropogon Lucianus,
Begonia insignis,and other winter blooming varieties;
the same house will also help to retard any portion of
the stock of stove plants that can be safely ventured in
a lower temperature, thus being productive of a longer
period of bloom without at any time having an undue
amount. The day and night temperatures of the
stoves may be gradually lowered, we do not, however,
advise a too sudden drop in either. For bright sunny
days So° will be sufSciently high, whilst by night 65'
to 67° will be about a safe standard, lower than that
may be productive of a damp, stagnant atmosphere.
A rise of from 7° to 10° may be allowed during dull
days. James NuUson, Gunnersl'iiry House Gardeyis.

A New Use for Dahlias.— .So much has the
single Dahlia been regarded as a plant to produce
flowers for household decoration, and so little has it
been planted with a view to garden effects, that it is
not possible to feel other than pleasure on witnessing
the singularly decorative results which have fol-
lowed from its employment in this way at Heckfield.
Though employed as a bedding plant in a small way
last year, when certain good results, where wisely
planted, became evident, it was not till the past
summer that Mr. Wildsmith more largely employed
single Dahlias as bedding plants, or for the dressing
of large mixed raised baskets, but he has this year
faced the entire length of the dense green hedges of
Cupressus Lawsoniana which margin either side of
the broad centre walk of the kitchen garden, and
thus created an effect that is beautiful beyond
description. Under ordinary conditions of growth
the single Dahlia is loose, straggling, and lack-
ing in effect. A few plants perhaps have fair habit,
but as a rule the majority are the reverse of compact.
In such case it is hardly possible to fall into ecstacies
over the plants, beautiful as each individual flower
may be. But the arrangement adopted at Heckfield
so far overrules this looseness of habit, that by
securing the plants and strongest shoots to the hedge,
the Dahlias are made to form a face to the path that,
whilst giving to the spectator all the floral beauty at
a glance, yet is devoid of formality, because the
shoots are not rigidly tied in, but just enough to ensure
the needed result. A little variation in height does
not detract from the charm of the arrangement, but
it is proved that the divergent plants are the most
floriferous, and as these are of necessity a little drawn
by the hedge they are all that can be desired lor
hsight. That the flowers in all tbeit rich vaiiety of

colouring are looked at with a background of dense
rich greenery rather adds to their beauty — indeed the
entire walk, with its tall margin of Dahlias and its
foregrounds of carpet planting and tiny but singularly
elegant Conifera and other suitable plants, forms a
coup iVa'iI which can just now hardly be equalled.
The colours of the Dahlias used are white, yellow,
scarlet, cerise, crimson, and other striking hues ; and
to his present stock Mr. Wildsmilh will, in Duchess
of Westminster, Dorothy, (Jueen of Singles, &c., add
other attractive ones next year. Still further additions
to the arrangemement will be made by the introduc-
tion of a few of the dwarfer and more compact habited
bedding or bouquet double kinds, as these will serve to
make a denser base cover of bloom to the hedge than
is now seen. Although there is so much of charm and
beauty in the etTect at present, yet all that may be
added to and intensified another year ; and doubtless
under the superintendence of one of the best flower gar-
deners of the d.ay will it be. A photographic picture
of this walk, recently made, effectively illustrates
the planting and the resulting beauty ; and it must not
be forgotten, too, that all this loveliness and colour is
seen in October — a time when many flower gardens
have nearly given up the ghost. Single Dahlias are
specially autumn flowers, and though tender enough,
yet remain beautiful, if fitly planted, right up to the
last. At Heckfield the Cactus section of Dahlias
grows to a great height, and though their blooms are
Valued for decorative purposes, it is the single forms
to which this new plan of usage opens out a grand
future. A. D.

]*^F(UITg -yND^F} '(^LAgg.

Vines. — All varietiesof late Grapes, including kinds
such as Lady Downe's Seedling and Gros Colmar,
which take a long time to colour, should now be ripe,
and as a means to preserve them in good condition
the treatment recommended for ripe Grapes in our
last Calendar should be observed, while for the pur-
pose of giving the Vines every advantage in maturing
their wood perfectly and developing their buds, as
well as affording a free passage for air, which is all-
important to the good keeping of the fruit, the sub-
laterals, providing the principal foliage is healthy,
may be clean cut out. The mulching material upon
external borders should now be taken off, and the
inert surface soil be carefully removed, so that no
strong roots are injured, and replaced with fresh
compost of a description similar to that previously
recommended for the purpose ; over this a coating of
dry leaves sufficiently thick to exclude severe frosts
should be placed, from which rain must be warded off
by sashes or any other means available. The roots of
our late and early Grapes, as I have before remarked,
are confined to inside borders, but those that produce
the mid-season supply are placed wholly in external
ones, which are treated as above, and the coverings
are not removed until warm spring weather sets in,
when it is taken away piecemeal, to avoid a check.
Coverings of this kind are productive of good in
mitigating both radiation of heat and moisture, and
consequently in preserving the borders if they are
moist when covered in a healthful condition, the
benefit of which is apparent by the satisfactory manner
in which Vines so treated push and develope their
early growths compared with those which are not
nursed in like manner. Where this system is
adopted it rarely happens that the borders require
water before the time the Vines are started,
when, if necessary, a soaking heated to a temperature
of about 85° should be afforded them. Such Vines
as have the run of both inside and outside borders
should, now their fruit is ripe, have the latter, if in an
unsatisfactory state, removed and replaced with suit-
able compost ; the mode of procedure has, how-
ever, been so frequently described that it is unnecessary
to repeat it here. It would be discreet for those who
are placed in low situations, where early frosts are
prevalent, to protect with hay-bands the portions of
stems externally exposed belonging to Vines which
have not matured their foliage, for should an early
frost occur, as sometimes happens, suliSciently severe
to penetrate the stems and cause stagnation of sap.

defoliation will follow and weaken the Vines to an
extent in accordance with the degree of the maturity of
the wood. We have ourselves experienced disappoint-
ment from this cause, but injury has by some cultivators
been obviated by thawing the stems with warm
water, before the sun alTected the foliage. Where
pot Vines are employed for very early forcing they
should be got in readiness by being top-dressed with
sound loam and crushed bones, by having the bottoms
of their pots examined to see the drainage holes have
not become clogged, and by being placed into their
permanent quarters for starting by November I, in a
night temperature ranging near 55° if the weather
remains mild, but 5° lower should it be cold.

Melons. — Owing to the continuance of excep-
tionally favourable weather we still find the flavour of
Melons excellent, and late ones swelling promise to
finish the season now drawing to a close very satis-
factorily, for the plants are clothed with substantial
foliage, and are without a symptom of disease. These
are essential indications of good quality, but will not
unfortunately in themselves produce it. With the
assistance of fine weather, however, we expect to have
presentable fruits well on in November. A very im-
portant point in the production of Melons after the
present date is the command of the necessary amount
of artificial heat to keep the temperature as follows,
viz., 70° at night, and So^ by day, which should be
allowed to run up to 90° from sun-heat. Early
closing should be practised in order to forward the
crops, and very little damping will suffice to keep the
atmosphere sufficiently moist, while new growths
should be closely stopped in, and the fruits fully
exposed to the sun. No time is more opportune than
the present for procuring a supply of soil ; that most
suitable is a strong loam from the surface of an old
pasture, which should be formed in stacks in such a
manner as will prevent rain from penetrating and
soddening it.

Peaches and Nectarines. — The Peach season
has neared its close ; the latest varieties we have in
our late house, which is 100 feet in length, are Prince
of Wales, Thames Bank, Walburton Admirable, and
Lord Palmerston. The fruits of the two former are
all now used, and there remain but a few dishes of
the two latter varieties. The three former deserve
all that can be said in their praise, while Lord
Palmerston, which is noble in appearance, is better
flavoured than we have ever previously had it,
but even in this favourable season it is tough both in
flesh and skin, and wanting in piquancy of flavour,
for which reasons we have condemned it to be
replaced by Sea Eagle, a late variety highly spoken
of in reliable quarters. Our latest Nectarines are
Victoria and Prince of Wales ; the former needs no
eulogy from us, the latter is unworthy of it as it is
uninviting both in appearance and flavour. Still keep
the early houses as cool as possible, and by no means
allow the trees to be excited from any cause, or
suffer from want of water at the roots ; and as soc«i
as they have lost their foliage proceed with the final
pruning. There will be but little to do in this way if
previous directions have been executed, but should
they have been neglected use the knife freely in
cutting out useless wood, and avoid as a great evil
leaving the young wood crowded. After pruning, the
trees should be carefully washed with a solution of
Gishurst Compound, in strength 5 or 6 oz. to a gallon
of water, and in removing that disagreeable and
troublesome pest, brown scale, use a small stiff brush
saturated with the insecticide, and in so doing lake
particular care that the buds are not damaged. Let
the house also be thoroughly cleansed, and the
borders top-dressed, afler the mulching material and
surface soil had been removed, with sound calcareous
loam mixed with a dash of old mortar and wood
ashes. The planting season having now arrived,
where trees to be lifted are at hand there should be
no delay in getting it done. One of the chief points
belonging to the operation is to provide the borders
with ample drainage, which should consist of an
efficient main drain and about 10 inches of rubble ;
the borders may range 2\ feet in depth, and be firmly
formed of strong loam mingled more or less freely,
according to its nature, with old rnortar and wood
ashes. In planting remove the jagged points of the
roots, spread them out evenly, cover with a few inches
of the compost, which should be well firmed ; and
finish by mulching with short manure, and giving
enough water to settle the soil around the roots.
Trees that are shifted before all the foli.ige falls will
be benefited by being for a time occasionally syringed.
Thomas CoovMr, The Ho'.-.l'e Garden;, Moiii'wulh,

464

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[October ii, 18

Monday,

Oct 13 i

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

{ Sale of looo lots of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens'

Rooms.
} Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morns'
I Rooms.

(Sale of Natural History Specimens, at
Stevens' Rooms
Meeting of the Fruit and Floral Com-
mittees, at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens, and .Monthly Show
Sale of Established and Imported Urchids,
at Prottieroe & Morris' Rooms
' Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, and Bulbs, at
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
WKDNpqn*v o^t ic J Sale of Fruit Trees, at Osborne's Nursery,
WEBNESDAV, Oct. 15 < Hampton, by Protheroe & Morris.

Clearance Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at
Olanligh Nursery, Chiewell, by Protheroe
& Morris.
' Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'

Rooms.
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at Ivery's Nursery,

Dorking, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Orchids and Plants, at the Castle
Nursery, Lower Norwood, by Protheroe
. & Morris.
Or-, T., I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe
"" '^ X & Morris' Rooms,

" Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris
. Rooms.

TaussDAy, Oct. 16

Friday,

Saturday, Oct. 18

THOSE who look upon horticulture simply
as a more or less costly luxury or recrea-
tion would take a different view of the sub-
ject could they but witness the grand display
of POTATOS in the transept of the Crystal
Palace. Horticulture may be a recreation,
the purest and best of its kind, but it is
something much more than this, and as
regards the food of the people it is scarcely
less important than agriculture itself. It stands
on a higher platform than agriculture, as much
more skilled labour and much more science are
bestowed upon it than the ordinary farmer
thinks well to employ. We think the farmer is
wrong in this matter, but whether or no, the
object for us to aim at is to secure pro-
gress so far as possible from good to
better, from little to plenty. The show
at the Crystal Palace is eminently calcu-
ated to promote both objects. No means
are better suited to teach the grower what sorts
he should grow according to circumstances,
none are better adapted to show the sterling
qualities of some of the older sorts, the promise
of others, and the worthlessness of the re-
mainder. Selection, cross-breeding, hybridisa-
tion, all are brought to bear, and aided by
judicious cultivation founded on long experience
have made Potato culture a profitable busi-
ness. This year, too, there has been a
general absence of disease, which has been all
in our favour, but for one circumstance, that we
fear has to a large extent rendered nugatory
the elaborate experiments carried out by the
Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society ; but that is a matter which the general
public will learn with unruffled complacency.
It will not, however, we trust, lead to the discon-
tinuance of the trials another season. Much is
said, and very unfairly sometimes, as to the
little that is done for the advancement of prac-
tical horticulture by the Society. The fact is, the
public sees only the shows and marvels at what
it sees or sneers at the admitted evils connected
with exhibitions according to the mood it
happens to be in. Of the really valuable work
done so quietly and unostentatiously at Chis-
wick, the outside world knows nothing. This is
in no small degree owing to the irregular publi-
cation of any record. No number of the Journal
has appeared for some years, and although the
horticultural Press in some degree supplies the
deficiency, it cannot be expected that its con-
ductors should overweight their pages with
detail, which, however valuable for reference, is
unsuitable for the general reader. Be that as
it may, it is unfortunate for the best interests
of the Society that the trials and experiments
carried out at Chiswick are not made more
widely known. This year, in addition to the
particular experiments we have alluded to, and
of which we shall probably shortly be able to
give some account, a trial has been made of
numerous seedling and new or so-called new

varieties, with a view to determine their qualifi-
cations. This is a most important complement
to the display at the Crystal Palace. Some of
the principal results arrived at are given in
another column.

Another indication of the magnitude of hor-
ticultural operations and their importance to the
trade of the country and the physical welfare of
the people is afforded by the publication ot the
fifth edition of Dr. Hogg's most useful Fncit
Manual. A quarter of a century ago it was a
modest-looking book, small in size, and with
comparatively few pages. It has expanded into
a bulky volume of nearly 800 pages, of which
more than 250 are devoted to Apples alone,
more than 200 to Pears, 44 to Grapes, 50 to
Peaches and Nectarines, and so on in pro-
portion.

We shall have other opportunities of alluding
to this indispensable volume. In the meantime
we may say that Dr. HoGG has elaborated and
improved his scheme of classification of Apples,
and has given the outlines of a similar scheme for
Pears, adding certain details on which we may
hereafter comment. We do not think we exag-
gerate when we say that this fifth edition is
five times better than the earlier ones, and that
the nine years which have elapsed since the
publication of the former edition have been
profitably spent in elaborating and improving
the present.

We find, on cursory inspection, that compara-
tively little attention has been given to the in-
fluence oflocalityor stock on the quality of fruits ;
not by any means that these matters are entirely
passed over, but that they receive less systematic
treatment than their importance deserves. In
truth, to do justice to this part of the subject, a
separate volume, giving details for the whole
country, and not from a few districts only, would
be requisite. We may hope that the report of
the Apple Congress, which is in the press, will
supply full details of this character as regards
the Apple. In country districts more parti-
cularly a larger, fuller knowledge of good
varieties and varieties suitable for cultivation in
particular localities is demanded. Cottagers,
and people of higher position and larger means,
still too often go on growing indifferent
sorts simply because their fathers did so
before them— an excellent practice when the
results are good, but which would be better
altered when comparatively worthless scrubs
continue to be grown in place of the really
valuable sorts evolved by modern progress ; and
this is as true of Potatos as it is of hardy fruits
generally. The cost and trouble of growing
approved good sorts are not greater than are
demanded by inferior varieties. It is true that
for market purposes quality is often sacrificed
to quantity — to the requirements of place and
season, the convenience of carriage, the state
of foreign competition, and other matters which
interfere with the realisation of the abstract
good. Nevertheless, the British public may in
the long-run be trusted to appreciate the better
qualities of produce if it have the opportunity
of becoming acquainted with them, ami to
endorse with practical approval the process of
evolution which has converted worthless Crabs
into fine table fruit, and caused a development
in the Potato which would make Raleigh, and
Gerard, and Bacon stare with astonishment,
all sympathetic though they undoubtedly would
be, with the results of the movement of which
they were in some sort the originators.

The late Mr. Bentham.— The proposal

to place a memorial to Mr. Bentham in the Kew
Herbarium, in which so much of his lifework was
accomplished, ipcluding the Flora of Australia and
Hong Kong, and the magistral work undertaken in
connection with Sir Joseph Hooker, the Genera
Plantarum, has, we are pleased to say, met a favour-
able response from many, who are pleased to have
the opportunity to mark their sense of the exceeding
value of Bentham's disinterested labours. What
precise form the memorial should take must depend
on circumstances. In the meantime the Editor of
this journal would be pleased to receive the names of
those desirous of co-operating in the matter. We may

add that a lengthened biographical notice of Mr.
Bentham appeared in the last number of Nature,
containing a large number of most interesting and
remarkable details as to the early life of the great
botanist, and which show a new phase of character,
which will be read with astonishment by those who
have hitherto considered Mr. Bentham in the light
of a shy recluse and an untiring worker,

The Spyers' Memorial.— Shortly after the

death of the well-known Orchid grower several of his
friends contributed to a fund raised for the benefit of
his widow and children. The sum of £21% was for-
warded to the Editor of this journal, as Treasurer to
the fund, from various subscribers, and it will be satis-
factory to them to learn that this money has been ex-
pended on the erection of a suitable cottage adjoining
the nursery of Mr. F. Sander, of St, Albans. The
cottage is now completed, and has been erected under
the supervision of Mr. Sander, and we can testily
to its convenience and suitability. The actual cost of
the erection has been £21(1, and the freehold land on
which it is built has cost a further sum of ^£^30, so that
an additional sum of/50, or thereabouts, will be re-
quired to cover the total expenses, and recoup Mr.
Sander, who has been responsible for the outlay.
The legal arrangements have been generously under-
taken by Mr. Philbrick and Sir Trevor Law-
rence, and it is understood that the property will be
held in trust for the benefit of Mrs. Spyers and her
children, and that in the event of their death the cot-
tage will revert to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent
Institution. It is hoped that these arrangements will
be satisfactory to all parties. To Sit Trevor Law-
rence, Mr. Sander, and Mr. O'Brien, the thanks
of all concerned ate due for the active interest they
have shown in the matter. It need hardly be said
that Mrs. Spyers is deeply sensible of the efforts
made on her behalf.

" Forestry," having changed hands, Mr.

Francis George Heath has retired from the
editorship,

The Riviera,— Messrs. TRiysNER & Co.

promise in the forthcoming publishing season The
Wild Floiversof the Riviera, by Clarence Bicknell.

Roses.— "E,V.B."is engaged onanewbook

on Roses, in which numerous quotations from the
poets of all countries and times on the subject of the
Rose will occur. It is to be published by Mr. Elliot
Stock.

" Tree Gossip."— Messrs. Field & Toer,

of the Leadenball Press, announce for immediate
publication Tree Gossip, by Francis George
Heath.

International Forestry Exhibition,

Edinburgh.— We are requested to state that Messrs.
Little & Ballantyne, of Catlisle, have been
awarded a Gold Medal for their collection of orna-
mental and forest trees, and a Silver Medal for
tree seeds and forest tools, and not a silver one only,
as previously repotted,

Plumbago Larpent.'e. — On looking over

the whole of the Chiswick Gardens of the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, no hue of blue could be discerned
that could compare with the rich colour found in this
plant. On one side of the rockwork, about half way
up, there is a large patch of it, thoroughly established
in a position that it appears to like very much, and
rich indeed in its regal deep blue and lilac flowers.
Other hues of blue, suchjas that of Salvia patens, or
the blue of Violas.looked poor and washed out by the
side of this Plumbago. This plant never appears to
do so well as when it is raised above the level of
the ground. Give it a slightly elevated spot, on which
to grow, a sandy soil in which it can root freely and
where its roots can penetrate for some distance, and
let it be a sunny position, and then this charming
and useful plant will be one of the gems of the
garden.

Ealing, Acton, and Hanwell Horti-
cultural Society.— The usual exhibition of Chry.
santhemums, &c., will take place in the Lyric Hall,
Broadway, Ealing, on Wednesday, November 5.
Handsome prizes ate offered for twenty-fout cut
blooms, sixteen incurved and eight Japanese, open to
all England.

October ri, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

465

/fl|g^ ■ X- 2 •

Fig. 86. — abies webbiana. (see p, 467.)

466

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1884.

Plumeria lutea.— The members of this

genus of Dogbanes afford a curious instance of trees
with stems and branches of a fleshy or subsucculent
nature. The present is a good example, and comes
from Peru. Lilie the rest, it delights in a warm,
moist atmosphere when making its growth, with a
liberal supply of water at the roots. After growth is
completed, and the plant has done flowering, water
should gradually be withheld to induce a state of rest.
The temperature should also be lowered, and the
atmosphere kept tolerably dry in order to imitate its
natural conditions and ripen the wood. The yellow
flowers are large, somewhat suffused with pale purple or
pink, and produced in cymes terminating the current
season's growth. There is a tall flowering specimen
in the Water Lily-house at Kew in full leafage, a
decided improvement on those species that flower
after the leaves have fallen.

Darli.xgtonia californica. — In the well

kept establishment at Mount Merrion, near Dublin,
there is a magnificent specimen of the above growing
in a north house, with upwards of two dozen
pitchers, some of which are fully 3 feet in height,
and measuring 8 inches across the wings. Mr. Welsh,
the gardener, in addition to this, grows the in-
teresting Australian Pitcher plant, Cephalotus follicu-
laris, with pitchers well coloured and of a good
size. This he grows in an intermediate temperature.

Kniphofia Macowani.— It is surprising in

many instances how slowly many good garden plants
get disseminated. The subject of this note, although
introduced ten years ago, is comparatively a scarce
plant, the distinctness and beauty of which ought to
be sufficient recommendation and inducement for
hardy plant lovers to possess it. Being dwarf, and
less bulky than the majority of those cultivated, a
suitable place on the rockwork might with propriety
be set apart for its reception. The individual flowers
are of a beautiful soft orange-scarlet colour on the
exposed side, but otherwise pale yellow. The tube
is uniformly cylindrical, and characterised by the
absence of the constriction near the base, and the
dilatation below the mouth that is so conspicuous
a feature in most species. The shortly six-lobed
spreading limb is rather unique in its way, and
resembles that of many Heaths. The plant is figured
in the Botanical Magazine^ t. 6167, and is now flower-
ing freely in the Kew collection,

Lectures at the Forestry Exhibition.

— The following lectures have been delivered in con-
nection with this Exhibition: — Dr. Lyo.ns, M.P. :
"Forestry in Europe and Asia," Professor W. R.
MacNab, of Dublin : " On a Piece of Wood." Ed.
Jack, Esq. : '* The Forest Resources of New Bruns-
wick." Professor McIntosh, of St. Andrews :
'* Timber Boring Marine Animals." Major Bailev,
RE. : " Forest Surveys in India." Dr. HowiTZ, of
Copenhagen: *' Eucalypts at Home and Abroad."
James Meldrum, Esq. : " The Forests of Johore."
Dr. Cromeie Brown : "The Aridity of Spain ; its
Cause and Cure."

Cassia cokvmbosa as a Bedding Plant.—

It is surprising how well this old-fashioned greenhouse
plant is doing in one of the circular beds at the side
uf one of the broad walks at Chiswick, It has grown
vigorously, and is now blooming freely, handsome
alike both in foliage and blossom.

Outdoor Grates. — Having had such a

truly ripening summer it may naturally be expected
that outdoor Grapes should just now present a
respectable appearance. One thing seems certain,
and that is, mildew is on these outdoor Vines exceed-
ingly rare, the long-continued drought and warmth
having evidently proved inimical to its existence.
With its absence, conjoined to the presence of so
much solar heat outdoors. Vines have bad an excellent
lime of it, and the Grape crop should not only be
good, but abundant. It would seem as if those
responsible for the arrangement of the schedules of
prizes which are being offered during the season at
South Kensington had some prophetic conception of
the nature of the summer when they agreed to intro-
duce classes for six bunches and two bunches of out-
door Grapes at the next show, to be held on October
14 and following days. As the prizes are good, the
competition should be large, and a very interesting
display of outdoor fruit should result. Some difl'iculty
may perchance present itself in the showing satis-

factorily whether the Grapes shown are in all cases
of outdoor growth, but the honesty of the exhibitors
must prove the best safeguard. Where wood of
Vines has in the open air ripened so admirably, fruit
certainly should be not less well matured.

POMOLOGICAL CONGRESS AT ROUEN. —

From the Journal of Hortkiillitre we learn that the
Congress at Rouen awarded a Gold Medal to the col-
lection exhibited on behalf of the Woolhope Club by
Dr. Bull. Herefordshire Apples seem to have been
superior to those of Normandy, the Pears were not
far behind, while the Black Alicante Grape was far
ahead. Dr. HOGG was presented with the Gold
Medal of the Society, in recognition of the services he
has rendered to the study of Pomology.

• Fungus Foray in Epping Forest.— The

annual fungus foray of the Hackney Natural History
Society took place at Epping on Saturday, Sep-
tember 27, when six species were determined
which had not previously been recorded in the
Epping flora, and two of these were new to this
country. The latter were Hydnum diversidens, Fr.,
found by Mr. II. Wharton and Mr. J. C. Webb, and
Boletus duriusculus, Kalch., both being edible. On
the whole but few fungi were found, owing to the
general dryness of the season.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent

Institution. — At a committee meeting of the
above Institution His Grace the Duke of West-
minster was elected President in the room of the
Duke of Buccleuch, deceased ; and George
Lambert, Esq., Chairman at the late anniversary,
was elected Vice-President in the room of H. G.
Bohn, Esq., deceased. It has also been decided to
have an addition to the list of pensioners in January
next ; but in consequence of the few vacancies the
number to be elected will not be so large as last year.
The Augmentation Fund has risen to £715, but

^400 more are wanted, or the Institution will lose the
..f 500 promised by a would-be benefactor.

LILIU.M Auratum. — According to reports

from various parts of England, home-grown Lililum
auratum roots are very small, and in many cases an
entire failure, owing to the very dry season. Last
October there were submitted to us sample bulbs,
with the statement that the secret of producing home-
grown bulbs had been solved. It was thought at the
lime the great size of the bulbs was the result of
chance, but this year Messrs. Collins Bros. &
Gabriel, 39, Waterloo Road, have sent us samples of
home-grown bulbs of this season's growth, and taking
into consideration the very dry season the bulbs are
exceptionally fine. Weight and girth of roots sent : —
I. I lb. 8J oz., 16 inches in circumference ; 2.
I lb. S|oz., 15J inches in circumference. 3. i lb. 5 oz.,
15 J inches in circumference. 4. i lb. 5 oz,, 15 J
inches in circumference.

Lespedeza eicolor. — Comparatively few

hardy shrubs flower so late in the autumn, conse-
quently this recent addition to the outdoor garden is
of sufficient importance to deserve our prime consi-
deration. It enjoys a wide distribution in Northern
China and Japan, and is therefore tolerably hardy in
our climate. If the slender woody stems are cut
down annually they will shoot up afresh to the height
of 2 or 3 feet, and flower with remarkable freedom in
the axils of the upper leaves. A number of plants in
the Leguminous collection in the pleasure-grounds at
Kew are very attractive. The flowers are deep rosy-
purple, with a paler keel, but in a wild stale are
prone to variation. A figure appeared recently in the
Botanical Magazine, t. 6602.

The Tulip. — There is much reason to fear

that the cultivation of this once popular florists' flower
is in danger of becoming seriously diminished. During
the past few years death has removed a few leading
growers, and veterans at the work are asking, not
without some concern. Where are the young men that
should come forward with a view to taking our
places ? Each occasion of holding the National
Tulip Exhibition at Manchester sees a recruit or two
taking their place in ihe ranks, but the newcomers
do not compensate in point of numbers for those who
fall aside from the main body. It may be that young
men find a greater variety of recreations to engage
their attention, and floriculture suffers in consequence.
Twenty-five years ago there were not nearly so many

social occurrences and enjoyments as there are in the
present day, and floriculture offered more markedly
than it does in these times attractions for those seek-
ing some pleasant recreation. There is this to be
said in favour of the Tulip, that it engages the con-
stant attention of the cultivator only for a period of
the year. The time to plant is early in November,
and as preparatory to this there must be due prepara-
tion of the bed ; some attention is necessary during
the winter in the way of protection and general over-
sight ; and close and constant supervision from the
time that the flower-buds show themselves until the
flowers fade. There are now such fine varieties in
cultivation that it would be a pity if they became lost
to cultivation through lack of cultivators, and yet this
danger is probable. Time was when numerous and
fine collections of Tulips were grown about London,
It would be satisfactory to know that a new interest is
being awakened in this gorgeous flower within the
metropolitan area, but at the present time we look in
vain for the faintest indication of it.

Yeovil Chrvsanthemum Show. — An ex-
hibition of Chrysanthemums and other plants, flowers,
fruits and vegetables, is announced to take place in
the Town Hall, Veovil, on November iS. It appears
to be the first attempt to establish an exhibition of
Chrysanthemums in this town.

POTATOS. — There seems to be a general con-
sensus of opinion amongst market growers of Potatos,
that prices were never so low as they are at present,
for even good samples of the esculent. A large
grower in the metropolitan district recently stated that
one of him men has accepted as low as 40^. per ton
rather than bring the load home again, whilst from
50^. to 60^. was the ruling figure per ton. It must be
understood that this exceedingly low price is offered
and paid, not for crops on the ground, but rather
for good picked ware after they have been carted a
long distance to the market. This low price must
not be taken as showing that the crop generally is
relatively an unusually large one, as that would be an
error. We have seen seasons when a much larger
and better sample per acre has been lifted, but never
a year in which so large an area of land has been
planted with Potatos. Last year the crop was an
abundant one, and because prices ruled somewhat low
large stocks were held over and planted this year in
the hope that it would prove the most profitable way
of utilising the tubers. The result seems simply to
have been that the immense crop of the year has
glutted the market, and no one who can afford to
hold his hand will send Potatos for sale. Still, there
seems to be such a vast number of growers who must
sell both to live and to pay their rents, that no abate-
ment in price follows or indeed may be expected to
follow for some time. The introduction of robust
free-cropping and fairly safe disease-resisting sorts
has inspired general confidence in Potato culture,
hence the increased breadth of land put under culti-
vation. Perhaps those who can afford to hold over
for a few months will find their reward, whilst those
who wish to secure a store of good tubers cheaply
should make the most of the present abundance.

The Autumn Revival. — We are so ac-
customed to regard the spring-time as the only period
of yearly revival in Nature that it seems almost an
anachronism to place such a heading as the above
before a paragraph. So, too, are we in the habit of
associating the autumn with the decline and decay of
vegetable life for the year that the intimation that
such a season is intimately connected with renewed
life and vigour seems hard to credit, and yet so it
is, as all gardeners and students of Nature can tell,
although there can be little doubt but that this revival
is more generally seen in gardens than in pl.-ices that
are purely natural in character. The summer has,
by reason of its heat and drought — both singularly
long with us — promoted unusual restfulness with
many hardy plants, and now that cooler weather and
genial showers prevail these plants are once more
awakening from sleep, and, like giants refreshed, are
bursting out into renewed growth and vigour. We
see this renewed life specially in all the hardy
Primrose family, which has materially suffered from
drought, and in many cases lost every leaf. Daisies,
too, have gone to an unwonted rest ; so, also,
have Anemones ; and \'iolcts that have been hard
pressed by drought and spider now put forth new
foliage, and are becoming green and beautiful. All
bulbs left in the soil arc already feeling the exciting

OCTOBSR II, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

467

influences of the cooler temperature. These are but
a few of the many hardy plants which, revived
and renewed, are bursting forth just as though the
month were April and not October. Even in our
kitchen gardens the renewal of growth seen in all
kinds of winter vegetables has been remarkable, and
leads to the hope that the coming winter season may
nut be too severe for the sake of the .ibundant growth
thus made so vigorously yet so late.

- West Kent Natural History, Micro-

SCOnCAL, AND rHOTOC.RAPHlC SOCIETY. — The

annual cryptoganiic tield meeting will be held on
Saturday, October II next. Dr. Flaxman Si'UR-
RELL will meet the members and their friends at the
Abbey Wood Station on the arrival of the train
leaving Cannon Street Station at 2.25 P.M. ; St.
John's, at 2.3S r.M. ; Lewisham, at 2.42 P.M. ;
Blackheath, at 2,45 p.m. ; and conduct them through
Abbey Wood, and, by the kind permission of Messrs.
Chillingworth, Mitchell, and Stapelev,
through their private grounds to Erith. Tea, &c., at
the "Prince of Wales " Hotel, Erith, at 6.15 P.M.
Id order to make the necessary arrangements, mem-
bers are specially requested to advise the Hon. Secre-
taries, Messrs. Henry Hainworth and Hugh
Wilson, as early as possible, of their intention to be
present at the meeting.

Chrysanthemum Show at Devizes. —

For the past three years or so a capital exhibition of
Chrysanthemums has taken place in the Corn Ex-
change, Devizes, in aid of the Benevolent Fund of
the town. In addition, a sale of useful and fancy
articles takes place in the same building, and the pro-
ceeds from both are handed over to the district visitors
for distribution to the deserving poor. The exhibi-
tion for the present year will take place on Tuesday,
November iS, and handsome prizes are open to all
England. Mr. C. H. May, The Elms, Devizes, acts
as hon. secretary, and the arrangements of the show
are made by Mr. Thomas King, Devizes Castle
Gardens.

Begonias.— Mr. Robert Owen, of Vewdon,

Henley-on-Thames, has sent us a large box of very
handsome blooms of the tuberous Begonia, which be-
trayed slightly the effects of several degrees of frost that
has been experienced in that iocality, but which has not
always extended to higher lying situations around, as
we were informed by others. The blooms exhibit all
the points of colour, form, and habit that are now
most prized, in some instances in a very marked
degree. Especially noticeable in most was the size of
the interior petals, and the increased roundness of all.
The colours were as varied as could be found in the
finest collections, very fine being a pure single white,
the reilex of whose petals was not marred by a pink
tinge, as is sometimes seen. A single canary-yellow
was likewise good in form and colour. The footstalks
of most of the flov/ers possessed great strength, and
Mr. Owen says that his strain is so strong in this
respect that the blooms are carried fairly well above
the foliage — a great gain when the plants are used for
bedding, or for the decoration of the greenhouse.
This strain is the result of five years' careful selection
and hybridising. The foliage is very short, and lies
rather close to the ground, the fiower-stcms semi.
erect, and in some cases quite so. The raiser intends
to take possession next month of larger premises at
Maidenhead, and with that view has already erected
five ranges of houses of large capacity for the cultiva-
ti'jn of the Begonia and other first-class florists'
llowers.

National Chrys.\nthemum Society. —

The first meeting of the Floral Committee of the above
society was held on Thursday evening last, at the '*01d
Four Swans" Hotel, Bishopgate Street, City. Several
very interesting exhibits of cut flowers of Chysantbe-
mums were staged, and the following awards were
made : —

First-class Certificate to Colonel ]. R. Mallock of
Pinewood, Bagshot, for Japanese Chrysanthemum,
Mai got

First-class Certificate to Mr. Davis, Camber^vell, for
Japanese Chrysanthemum, Mademoiselle Lacroix.

Vole of ihanlcs to Mr. Da\'is, for a collection of early
flowering Chrysanthemums, including several new and
rare varieties.

This specially appointed committee, consisting of
the following gentlemen— Mr. Berry, Roehampton ;

Mr. Butcher, Barnet ; Mr. Davis, Cambcrwell ;
Mr. Kemp, Clapton ; Mr. LowRV, Mill Hill, N.W. ;
Mr. Payne, Stamford Hill ; Mr. Townsend, Put-
ney ; Mr. Si'KiNGiiET, Waltham ; with E. SANDER-
SON, Esq., and R. Ballantine, Esq., as Chairman
and Vice-Chairman respectively ; and W. Holmes,
as Hon. -Sec. — will meet at the "Old Four Swans,"
Bishopgate Street, City, at 7 o'clock on the evenings
of October 16 and 30, November 27, and December
II, specially to consider the merits ol any new or rare
varieties of Chrysanthemums that may be submitted,

Yellow Cactus Dahlia. — Mr. Cannell

s^nds us a pure yellow form of the so-called Cactus
Dahlia, which is very pretty and in which the florets
are much flatter than in the ordinary quilled varieties.
It is a mistake to assign these, as some do, to the
Juarezi type ; these are merely variations of the
ordinary show Dahlias.

Sale of M. Oscar Lamarche's Orchids.

— Most of these Orchids, which came to England for
disposal under the hammer, were sold by Messrs.
Protheroe & Morris, at their rooms, 67, Cheap-
side, when a spirited competition took place for the
best plants. We have space to notice only a few of
the higher-priced ones, viz. : — Vanda Lowii, from M,
Schiller's collection, Hamburgh, which was 4!.
feet high, with thirty-two leaves and two young
growths, brought ^6S 5s. ; another Vanda Lowii,
£^,2 \is.; Vanda tricolor Wioti, in bloom, rare,
^10 ; an Epidendrum prismatocarpum, a fine piece,
with over a hundred bulbs, £\& lis. ; a Cypripedium
caudatum, £S 10s. ; a Cattleya l.abiata Pescatorei,
;^24 ; an Anguloa Clowesii, £ 14 14^'. ; and a Cattleya
Warneri, ^31 lis,

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Oct. 6, 1884, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather during the first few days of this
period was showery and unsettled, but afterwards
became fine and dry, though at many stations some
fog or mist prevailed. The temperature has been
about equal to the mean in the " Channel Islands "
and in "Scotland, N.," and slightly above it in the
north and east of Scotland, but from I* to 3"^ below
it in alt other districts. The maxima, which were
recorded on different days in the various parts of the
kingdom, ranged from 60° in " .Scotland, N.," to 65°
in " England, E.," " England, S. ," and "Ireland,
S." The minima were registered in most places on
the Sih, when the thermometer fell to 30° in the
" Midland Counties " (at Loughborough), to 32" in the
east and south of England, and to between 33° and 35°
in Ireland and other parts of England ; over Scotland
the lowest readings were between 37° and 39°, while
in the "Channel Islands" the minimum was 49°.
The rainfall has been less than the mean in all dis-
tricts, the fall being especially slight in the east and
south. Bright sunshine shows a considerable increase
induration; in "England, S.W.," 59 per cent, of
the possible number of hours was recorded ; in
"Scotland, E.," 51 per cent.; and in most other
districts between 40 per cent, and 50 per cent. In
" Scotland, N.," however, the percentage was only
29. Depressions observed : — During the first half of
this week depressions continued to travel in a
north-easterly direction outside our extreme north-
western coasts. The wind remained moderate
or fresh from between south and west over
England, but in Ireland and Scotland a strong
southerly gale prevailed on September 30. By
the morning of the 4th, however, the barometer had
risen quickly at all our stations, and an anticyclone,
which subsequently extended as a band of high
pressure from Ireland to the south of Scandinavia,
had appeared over our south-western districts. The
wind consequently became light or moderate gene-
rally, and gradually veered from west to north and
north-east at our southern and south-western stations,
while light westerly airs or calms were experienced in
the north.

Gardening Appointments.— Mr. George

Potts, late Gardener to Lord Teynham, Tower
House, Woolwich, has been appointed Gardener to
Sir William Ogg, Oakfield, Dulwich.— Mr. C. A.
Pearse, Gardener to Sir Francis Spapleton,
Bart., Grey's Court, Henley-on-Thames, as Gardener
to the Dowager Viscountess Downes, Baldersby
Park, North , Riding, Yorkshire.— Mr. R. Co.x,
late General Foreman at Daylesford House Gardens,
Chipping Norton, as Head Gardener to Lord Nor-
ton, Hams Hall, Minworth, Warwickshire.

ABIES WEBBIANA.

For the cones whence our illustration {fig. S6) is
taken we are indebted to Mr. A. D. Webster.
Few, if any, of our Conifers are more handsome than
this denizen of the Himalayas. The bold overlapping
densely crowded foliage, of a silvery white on the
under-surface, and the noble dark purple cones, indeed
render it a most striking species. The botanical
history is well known, .and the tree is adequately
described in the text books ; it is only necessary for
us therefore to allude to one or two points of structure,
such as the leaves, which diverge on each side from
the branch, leaving a wide furrow or parting between
them on the upper surface. The buds are subglo-
bose, pale cinnamon-brown, and covered with
resin. As to the leaf structure some discrepancy
exists between the accounts given by F.ertrand and
by MacNab ; the former says the structure
is the same as that of A. Pindrow, which
he further states has a disconnected scanty layer of
strengthening fibres (hypoderm) beneath the epider-
mis ; MacNab, however, describes the hypuderm as
continuous, and so we also find it. The outline of
the leaf-section is different in the two forms ; in Web-
biana the margins are pointed and recurved, while in
Pindrow they are blunt, rounded, and but little
recurved. These Utile details are important, because
while in the opinion of some Webbiana and Pindrow
are distinct species, in that of others they are only
two forms of one and the same. Certainly in English
gardens the two look different, and the question
whether they belong to one species or not is one which
will be answered by each observer according to his
proclivities. Brandis, in his Forest Flora of North-
Western and Central India, leans to the view that
the two forms are varieties of one species ranging
from Affghanistan on the west to Bootan and Sikkim
on the east.

The form called Webbiana occurs on rocky ridges
at higher elevations, and is a smaller tree with shorter
less bifarious leaves and usually thicker and shorter
cones. Var. Pindrow occurs on better soil in shel-
tered places and is a large tree with longer [narrower"!
leaves and generally cylindric cones. P. Webbiana
occurs in various parts of the Himalaya at elevations
of from Sooo— 13,000 feet, forming extensive forests
mixed with Maples and Birches, and often associated
with Picea Morinda and Pinus excelsa. In Sikkim
it occurs with Yews, Oaks, Rhododendrons, and
Bamboos. It thrives best in cold damp glens. From
the dark colour of the adult foliage it gives the name
of " black forests" to several mountain forests of the
north-west Himalaya. In this country it is "spring
tender," owing to the early period at which it starts
into growth. In its native country it attains
a height of 120—150 feet and a girth of 9 —
15 inches. The tree forms a tall cylindrical crown,
like that of a Lombardy Poplar. The bark of
the young trees is silvery-grey, becoming darker as
it advances in age. The wood is whitish, inodorous,
and soft, useful for indoor constructions, but not suit-
able for use where exposed to the weather.

On thejhelum, according to Brandis, the leaves
are used as fodder, and are stored for winter use.
Wallich, who originally described the tree, speaks of
a violet dye being yielded by the cones in Nepal.
Captain Webb, after whom the species was named
by Wallich, first met with the plant in Nepal, and in
Lambert's Cenns Finns occurs the following passage
from his pen as to its beauty : — " The silvery hue of
its bark, the beautiful contrast of the leaves with the
rich purple of the cone glittering with globules of
transparent resin, produce, in combination, one of the
most striking objects that can well be imagined."

Major Madden, in his valuable paper on Hima-
layan Conifers, reprinted in vol. v. of the Journal
of the Horticultural Society, London, 1S50, says that
Pindrow grows at lower elevations than Webbiana ;
and also that in habitat, and several marked pecu-
liarities and constant differences between the two
forms, which the natives attribute to climatal causes :
— "This persuasion of the force of circumstances in
the transmutation of species is by no means uncommon
in the Himalaya." Hooker mentions Webbiana
as the most abundant Pine in Sikkim. Veitch
(Mantial of ConiferiF) considers A. Pindrow to be dis-
tinct from Webbiana, and more tender in cultivation.
As to Webbiana he recommends that young plants
should be protected by a slight covering during frosty
weather, so small an amount of trouble being well
worth taking to preserve so beautiful a tree. As the
tree gets older it ceases to need even this precaution.

468

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1884.

THE NATIONAL FOOTPATH
PRESERVATION SOCIETY.

A PRELIMINARY meeting to inaugurate this Society
took place on the 30th ult., at the temporary offices,
6, Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, London, Mr. P. W.
Freeland in the chair, who, having briefly opened the
proceedings, called upon Mr. AUnutt, the promoter,
to state his views on the Association.

Mr. AUnutt then explained at some length the
objects of the Society, viz., to preserve to the public
foot and bridle paths, also all rights of way by land
and water, vacant spaces, such as village greens, &c.
The Society will also advocate the purchase of land
near towns and villages for public recreation grounds.
The Society was to be a central Society from which
branches should be established at various towns all
over the country. At Henley, Reading, and Bir-
mingham there were already local societies in exist-
ence ; but in many places where footpaths were
encroached upon no protective organisation existed,
and this want the present Society proposed to meet.

The Rev. J. M. Taylor said that it was most
important to preserve to the public the numerous
footpaths in the country. Footpaths, he said, were
continually meddled with by the landowners, and
there was a frequent tendency to narrow then until it
was an impossiljility to walk through a field of corn
without brushing the Wheat on either side. There
ought to be a 4-foot track, but farmers and others in
many instances ploughed up the footpath so that it
could not be defined. He did not know if there
was a specified width to which footpaths should
extend.

Mr. Hugh Browne said that one of the objects of
the National Footpath Preservation Society was to
get a settlement of that question by obtaining a mini-
mum width fixed by law.

The Rev. J. M. Taylor then spoke of a labourer
in Buckinghamshire, who, when going though a field of
Wheat on a public footpath got wet up to his thighs ;
he straightway returned home and obtained a sickle,
with which he cut the Wheat right across the whole
field until the footpath was wide enough to walk
over without a person getting wet through. The
farmer summoned him, but the magistrate said, that
the defendant was perfectly in the right, as there
should have been sufficient room left for him to have
gone through the field, and not a mere hare track,
Mr. Taylor then spoke of the value of footpaths in
his locality — his parish being very much scattered,
and stated that it would be a great boon to the
poor if the existing footpaths were properly defined.

Mr. AUnutt remarked that the paths should not
only be shown on the Ordnance maps, but a
description of them, which he thought was of equal
importance, should be printed.

Mr. Hugh Browne (solicitor, Nottingham), in an
energetic speech, said he thought the difficulties for
the Society to overcome were twofold, viz., bad law,
and bad administration of bad law. The feudal
system which lawyers have invented has very little
historical basis except on the right of might. The
lawyers assume that the landowners have created or
dedicated the footpaths which cross their land. This
presumption is untrue, and is bad law. Then, as to
the administration of bad law. The first people who
have to deal with the footpaths are the county magis-
trates, and these magistrates are themselves land-
owners. A boy is summoned for trespassing on a
footpath he has been accustomed to use — perhaps he
has taken some Mushrooms— he is told that he has
no right there ; the boy replies that he has
always been accustomed to go there ; to which
the magistrates reply that it was only by
favour ; and so this charge of taking Mush-
rooms is the first step taken towards closing
the path. Mr. Browne then referred to the action of
the magistrates, stating that in his own experience he
had found the unpaid magistrates were better disposed
towards the maintenance of public rights than the
paid magistrates, the reason being that the unpaid
were subject to the criticism of the Press, while the
paid were practically free from such criticism, and
could, and did, do as they pleased. Some time ago
a footpath leading from Kirkby to Newstead was
stopped by a landowner. The case was taken before
a jury, but it was a notorious fact that the jury were
biassed, and although most conclusive evidence was
adduced that the path had been a public path for very
many years, the jury were directed to find a verdict
adverse to the public right of user, and some poor

men who had ventured to defend the public right
which they and their fathers had held for two genera-
tions, were cast in costs of some ;^20o, and also the
legal liability to pay a considerable sum to the land-
owner, but which, the speaker added, that gentleman,
to his credit be it said, had the honesty never to ask
for. Mr. Browne then described the efforts of a
landed proprietor to stop a footpath near Newstead
Abbey in which he was eventually successful, and
stated that such attempts were constantly being made
in the country, with, in the main, equally successful
results. A society like the National Footpath Pre-
servation Society, would unite the scattered efforts of
those who stood up against these practices. It should
be made known throughout the country that wherever
there is an infraction of the law by the stopping of
footpaths the law will be appealed to. A few years
ago a bicyclist could be ridden down with impunity
by any man on horseback or in a carriage, but
the bicyclists formed a society and now it is known
that if a man is ridden down he has a so-
ciety at his back to punish the offender, and
less is heard of such outrages. Such a society as this
should be supported by all politicians irrespective of
party, the object being simply to protect the rights of
the people. Let the Eighth Commandment apply to
men who robbed the people of these footpaths— if a
man is a thief we wish to have him prosecuted, and
why should not the same rule apply to the land
robber ? If once it is generally known that im-
prisonment will ensue in the case of a theft of a
footpath, rely upon it there will be no more such
instances.

Mr. Simmons then proposed, and Mr. Browne
seconded, that Mr. Henry AUnutt should be secretary
to the Society, Mr. Simmons remarking that he had
known Mr. AUnutt many years and he was sure the
Society could not be represented by a more able or
experienced gentleman.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

Mr. Ware sends us some Hlliputian flowers which
are both interesting and pretty. They would adorn a
rockery or a cold frame where gems are sheltered
from harm j but we cannot advise him to bring them
under the notice of the Floral Committee.

CoLCHicuM PARVULUM. — Corm ovate, oblong, i
inch long, covered with a single brownish, smooth
coat. Flowers about three-quarters of an inch across,
pale lilac. A native of Italy and Greece.

COLCHICUM ARENARIUM. — A pretty little species
with pale lilac flowers, \\ inch across ; the segments
are oblong, the outer ones rather broader than the
inner. The anthers are introrse, or certainly not ex-
trorse as they ought to be if plants would only con-
form to rule, and the three styles project beyond the
stamens, their stigmas dusted with pollen, apparently
obtained from the anthers as the styles are pushed up
beyond them. It is a native of Corsica.

Leucoium roseum var. longifolium. — A
minute bulbous plant, with two to three linear chan-
nelled leaves about 2 inches long, and a central erect
thread-like flower-stalk, 3 — 4 inches long, with a
single nodding rose-coloured flower about half an
inch in length. L. roseum itself is smaUer still.

Leucoium autumnale. — A graceful bulbous
plant, not much like its congener the common Snow-
flake, and with long linear grass-like leaves and erect
flower-stalks, bearing a reddish spathe, from which
issue two to three pendulous, stalked, bell-shaped,
whitish flowers, each rather less than half an inch in
length. South Europe and Northern Africa.

Sedum erythrostictum. — The merits of S.
spectabile, whether as a hardy plant or for pot culture,
Bre pretty generally recognised, and not by gardeners
only, but by the butterflies — Tortoise-shells, Red
Admirals, Peacocks, and Painted Ladies all frequent
the flowers, so that those who like vernacular names
might well speak of it as the Butterfly Sedum. S.
erythrostictum, however, a closely allied species, is
very little known, even under the name of S. alljo-
roseum ; it is, however, well worthy of more extended

culture. It is of taller, looser habit than S. spectabile,
which is rather an objection, but our plants are grown
in the shade, which may account for their straggling
habit. The flowers are very numerous, in dense
spreading clusters. The star-shaped flowers are
whitish, with a pink flush; but the most striking
feature about them is Ithe deep rose-coloured carpels
in the centre, which form a marked contrast to the
pale petals. The plant was figured in the Re/ugium
by Mr. Baker in 1S68, t.(33 ; but Miquel's name, in
the Annales of the Leyden Afusium, has precedence.
Our description at p. 337, 187S, was taken from living
specimens.

Rudbeckia purpurea. — The comparative scarce-
ness of this plant in gardens, considering that its
introduction dates as far back as 1669, must be ac-
counted for by the difficulty of propagating it either
by seed or division of the rootstock. This is to be
regretted, seeing that it is one of the choicest and
most neatly habited in the genus. The long drooping
ray-florets are rosy-purple, while those of the disc
are velvety-crimson, giving the plant a very charac-
teristic individuality. It furnishes the subject for the
second plate in the Boiatncai Magazine, and a flower-
ing plant may be seen in the herbaceous collection at
Kew. Formerly it was regarded as a species of
Echinacea, owing principally to the three or four
seriately arranged bracts of the floral involucre, and
the rigid pointed scales of the receptacle being longer
than the disc florets, whereas in the type the bracts
of the involucre are mostly two seriate and the scales
of the receptacle shorter than the corollas. J. F,

Cork. — The following arborescent plants, rarely if
ever known to flower in this country, have flowered in
our hothouses this year: — Magnolia champaca, Saraca
indica (Jonesia asoca), Psychotria leucocephala, Chry-
sophyllum Glaziovii (Theophrasta imperialis). Last
year Gustavia speciosa and augusta flowered and
fruited : we have raised seedlings of both species.
Marcus M, Hartog, Qiiecn^s College, Cork,

CRYPrOGAMIC MEETING OF
THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB.

The meeting of the Essex Field Club, held at the
" Roebuck " Inn, Buckhurst Hill, last week, was by
far the most important cryptogamic meeting hitherto
held in or near London. Two whole days were
spent in ransacking the Forest from Epping and its
neighbourhood in the north to Buckhurst Hill in the
south. Not less than a hundred persons sat down to
the Club tea at the " Roebuck " on Saturday, and
perhaps twice that number attended the general exhi-
bition of the fungi and microscopes later on in the
great ball-room of the inn. The members and
numerous visitors enjoyed unusual advantages for
becoming practically acquainted with fungi, for the
majority of our best cryptogamic botanists were in
the Forest with the excursionists and in the ball-room
in the evening.

The gentlemen who acted as guides and referees
were Dr. M. C. Cooke, of London ; the Rev. Canon
Du Port, of Mattishall ; Mr. William Phillips, of
Shrewsbury ; Dr. H. T. Wharton and Mr. Worthing-
ton G. Smith, of London ; Dr. Flaxman Spurrell, of
Belvidere ; the Rev. J. M. Crombie, Professor Boul-
ger, Mr. James English, Mr. Thomas Howse, of
Guildford, and others. Unfortunately Mr. C. B,
Plowright, of King's Lynn, although he had pro-
mised, was unable to attend. Mr. Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., accompanied the party on Saturday,

The weather was very fine and warm, and fungi
scarce ; still, the Forest was searched with such good
effect that many hundreds] of examples were brought
in. Mr. William Phillips, Mr. Scott Wilson, of
Weybridge, and one or two other gentlemen, spent
Friday night at an inn in the Forest, and Dr. Cooke
and Mr. Phillips spent the whole of Saturday in
arranging the fungi in proper botanical sequence and
attaching names and qualities, whether poisonous or
non-poisonous, to all the fungi exhibited. The Rev,
Canon Du Port, Drs. Cooke and Wharton, with
Mr. Wm. Phillips and Mr. W. G. Smith, were at the
" Roebuck " Inn till 9 o'clock on Friday evening
for a similar purpose. A large number of excellent
diagrams were forwarded by Mr, David Houston, and
what with the living fungi, the dried examples, the
microscopes, and the drawings, nothing better could
have been desired. The visitors took a great interest

October ii, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

469

in the specimens exhibited, and at the close of the
meeting many examples were taken away, either for
further study or experiment for the table. Although
the Forest had been thoroughly searched for fungi by
Dr. Cooke and Mr. Smith for about a quarter of a
century, and for a less time by Mr. English, about
eighteen species of the larger fungi were lighted upon
that had never before been recorded from the district.
Of these several were new to Britain.

After tea the meeting was addressed by the
President, Professor Boulger, by Mr. Wm. Cole,
and by Dr. M. C. Cooke. Mr. W. G. Smith then
read a paper called the "Politics of the Potato
Fungus," containing a humorous defence of his own
position and a by no means unwarrantable protest as
to the manner in which original observations are
treated. A collection of fungi was sent from Burn-
ham Beeches, another from Suffolk, and a third from
Surrey. As the referees were present in the room
during the meeting a good number of "leading "
questions were of course asked and satisfactorily
answered, not only regarding large fungi, but about
the small ones which often infest food plants. It was
intimated that at next year's meeting, if all things
were well. Dr. Bull, of Hereford, would be present
as one of the referees. Circumstances for the study
of fungi were very different thirty years ago, when
Dr. (then Mr.) Cooke and Mr. \V. G. Smith, the
oldest members (as botanists) of the newer school of
mycologists tackled the fungi. At that time there
were no excursions or fungus meetings, and no per-
sonal instruction. The only English book was
Hooker's British Flora, with Berkeley's volume of
Fungi (1836), and a few mouldy, badly got up foreign
books, printed in Latin, and chiefly without illus-
trations. Some of the younger men, who now have
every possible advantage, are apt to forget the great
difficulties of making the first start. Thirty years
ago only four or five persons in this country knew
anything about hmgi. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
Mr. C. Edmund Broome, and the late Mr. Fredk.
Currey were the chief authorities in those times ; the
two former gentlemen we happily still have with us.

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
SCIENCE.
The Botanical Club, a body connected with the
Science Association, held a meeting recently in the
hall of the Union League, Philadelphia. Professor
W. J. Beale, of Lansing, Mich., presided, and Pro-
fessor J. C. Arthur, of Geneva, N. Y., recorded.
About fifty members were present. Papers were
read by Dr. N. L. Britton on the " Flora of New
Jersey ; " Professors C. R. Barnes, of Lafayette,
Ind., on " The Course of the Fibro-Vascular Bundles
of Scotch Pine ; " C. E. Bessey, of Ames, Iowa, on
" The Opening of the Flowers of Desmodium ; "
McCloskie, of Princeton, N. J., on " Fertilisation of
the Wild Geranium ; " Dudley, of Ithaca, N. Y., on
" The Duration of the Stems of the Small Rush ; "
and Seaman, of Washington, on " The Study of
the Fibro-Vascular Bundle by Means of Oblique
Sections."

A Botanical Excursion.— There is a peculiar
something about scientists which was pleasingly illus-
trated as they wandered in groups through the grass,
one or two lingering here and there to gather a weed
or inspect a Thistle. There was a gentleman in a flat,
white helmet and yellow boots, and another in a tall
pith helmet and green goggles. There was a man of
enormous fatness, who mopped himself with a hand-
kerchief the size of a tablecloth, and a long, thin
man, who would not perspire, and wore a comforter
around his neck. Then, with few exceptions, the
worst hats ever imagined, and the most extraordinary
shapes, were worn by both sexes of botanists, and the
very worst hat of all was worn by a man who carried
a tin pail to preserve his specimens. But all the
little eccentricities of appearance were soon forgotten
when in conversation. These people knew so much,
and found such pleasure in the knowledge of the
attributes of the many worthless weeds, trailing vines,
or tiny wild flowers growing at their feet. To them
a Primrose was a thousand times more than a Prim-
rose, and a hat nothing more than a covering for the
head.

The approach to the Bartram domain presented
unforeseen difficulties to the ladies of the party, but
it was evident that their botanical studies had taught
them to overcome such impediments. First came a
five-barred fence. The girls went over it with a skip
and a jump, and the matronly dames with a bold

determined climb which defied criticism. Next came
a drove of cows. The cows fled. Then it was sug-
gested that poison vines might abound, and the only
effect it had on the ladies was an argument as to the
true Latin definition of the unpleasant plant.
Finally, in the midst of trees and surrounded by
lawns in a careless state of undergrowth, appeared a
very old house of grey stucco, and the visitors were
informed that the point of their journeyjwas reached —
the first botanical gardens ever planted in the United
States.

John Bartkam's Life. — John Bartram was not
only a farmer but a nurseryman and gardener of high
botanical attainments. He travelled all over the
country for plants and trees and made a home for them
on his acres. Many specimens were sent to him from
distant lands until his grounds became celebrated
among Philadelphians a hundred years ago, and to-
day a wonderful but heterogenous growth of trees,
plants, shrubs, and Vines, grow in one happy family
together — a wilderness of strange beauty and a para-
dise for a botanist. [A/fierican Paper, We must
apologise for not stating which one, having mislaid
our copy 1 Ed.]

J4o|VIE -pORREgPOJ^DEJMCE.

Euphorbia Cyparissias. — The change in appear-
ance caused by the attacks of parasitic fungi is
sometimes very remarkable. A common illustration
is afforded by the Cystopus, which attacks Crucifers.

Fig. 87. — EUPHORBIA AND .ECIDIUM.

Reissek, long ago, in the Linnaa, xvii., p. 641
(1843) alluded to similar changes in a species of
Thesium. The figure (fig. 87) which accompanies
this affords another illustration of the same pheno-
mena in Euphorbia cyparissias, gathered in the
Valley of Zermatt. The ordinary appearance of the
plant, with its linear, closely crowded leaves, is well
known to growers of rock plants, but when the
leaves are affected with .Ecidium they become broadly
ovate, and when, as often happens, all, or nearly all,
the leaves are affected, the appearance of the plants is
entirely altered. M.

Awards at the International Forestry Exhi-
bition.— Your correspondent, " E. H.," at p. 377,
seems to have entirely mistaken the duties of the
jurors in class 4. He may not have seen the schedule
of classification by which, I have no doubt, the
jurors would have to be guided. If " E. H." will
turn up that list he will find on p. 2 that class 4 is
"Ornamental Forestry" in three sections, viz.,
lection I being " Growing specimens of rare and
ornamental trees and shrubs, in tubs or otherwise."
He will observe that this does not confine the com-
petition to plants suitable for our British climate ; but,
if I may be allowed to put it, the jurors were to give
the highest award to the rarest plants, no matter where
they grew so long as they were "growing specimens
of rare and ornamental trees in tubs or otherwise."
My first paragraph answers the first part of " E. H.'s"
second paragraph, I need not, therefore, refer to it ;
but the latter part of this paragraph requires notice,
" E. H." admits that Messrs. Veitch have the most
rare plants, and therefore he answers his own ques-
tion as it were. I suspect it was not before the jurors
to give countenance to the most ornamental and judi-
ciously arranged collection : I say so because I do not
gee that in the schedule before me. They were
judging "tare and ornamental plants," not decor-

ations or effectively arranged collections. " E. H."
might be right if the latter were so under purview, but
that was no part of the merits of a collection. It is quite
evident that other nurserymen have many more plants
than the winners of the Gold Medal ; but it is also as
evident that these plants are not so large or so well
grown generally, therefore not so valuable, plant for
plant ; and if these collections were purged of all
common plants and duplicates, I fear the show would
be small indeed. This is a thing that can be seen
by an ordinary observer who knows anything about
plants, and no doubt exists as to the very valuable
collections of many exhibitors in this class ; but
when we see as many as forty plants of one variety
it is easily seen why Messrs. Veitch & Sons were
awarded the Gold Medal. It is notorious that some
of the leading firms have many specimens wrongly
named, and this alone would turn a point, if the
jurors worked by points. This of itself shows either
a want of knowledge or of carefulness on the part of
an exhibitor, and must have lowered his collection in
the estimate of the jurors. I think if " E. H." would
take another walk round and study the collections
from a juror's point of view he will see that the
ornamentation of the exhibition grounds, number,
or hardiness of the plants was not before the jurors
at the time of judging. As an impartial observer I
must say that there can be no doubt as to the judg-
ing being correctly done ; though I also admit that
I at first thought that the jurors had cemmitted a
mistake. But when I was referred to the classifica-
tion list I could hold that opinion no longer. I hope
" E. H,," and such as are of his opinion, will take
the trouble to get a list and look over it, and then
compare the awards with it, and thus settle an
unpleasant matter. If the other complaints are as
void of foundation, the Executive Committee may
laugh at a few discontented exhibitors, who can
hardly be expected to take an impartial view of the
subject. A Lover of Pines.

Cyclamen hederasfolium. — My experience with
Cyclamen hederasfolium this season coincides in a
measure with that of Dr. Allman. One of our plants
has produced some thirty blooms, ten of which are pure
white, while the remainder are of the ordinary colour.
None of our other plants have been thus eccentric,
but all are producing blooms, and plenty of them, of
the normal colour. Can any cause be assigned for
this strange departure from the usual course ? John
C. Tallack, Prideau.x Place, Padstow, Oct. 6.

I see in the Gardeners' Chronicle of Sept. 27,

p. 406, that Dr. Allman, of Ardmore, Dorset, says
that his Cyclamen hedersefolium, hitherto rose
colour, have this year flowered pure white. I have
grown these Cyclamens for twenty years, and have
many hundreds of rose-coloured and white, also
purple, but have never known a rose-coloured
Cyclamen become white. I have observed, how-
ever, that the seed of both purple and rose-coloured
self whites came up white, and so close to the bulbs
of the parent plant that they appear the same plant.
I believe Dr. Allman will find that that is the case
in his garden. J. T. B.

Bomarea conferta. — This is flowering beauti-
fully at the nurseries of Messrs. Rodger, McClelland
& Co., Newry — upwards of forty flowers in a truss,
the deep orange-scarlet flowers very showy and effec-
tive. 'Tuberous-rooted Begonias bedded out are just
now a grand sight on the rockwork. Darlingtonia
californica and various Sarracenias have stood out
through the winter and are growing nicely. These
nurseries contain many novelties rarely to be met
with, and are always worthy of a visit to those inter-
ested in the cultivation of plants. A. 0.

Impatiens Sultani. — I have very little to add to
my former note on the above plant. I may say, how-
ever, that my best plant is growing in a g-inch pot,
and is a good specimen, of a bush shape, about 2 feet
6 inches high, and as much through ; there are at
present about 250 expanded blooms on it, and it is
certainly an object of beauty, especially when the
sun shines on it, the blooms then glisten with a
peculiar metallic lustre which makes it very attractive.
I have plants of it growing in all sized pots between
and including 4J and 9 inch, and they do well in all ;
but I prefer the large plants. Small ones, however,
are very useful for house decoration, lasting well in
rooms. The treatment I give them is about the same
as that usually given'to ordinary double Balsams, raising
them in heat and growing them through the summer
in a cold frame. The soil I use is good loam,
mixed with a small portion of leaf-mould, to which a
few half-inch bones are added. There is a total
absence of all coddling, all the special care taken
is to give them plenty of water when required. John
C. Tallack, Prideaux Place, Padstoiv, Oct. 6.

Seedling Lapageria. — I have this day forwarded
to you three Lapageria flowers for your inspection.
The plant is a seedling, and at present, although not
large, is carrying a great many flowers, all about the

470

THE GARDENRRS' CHRONICLE.

tOcTOTlEU II, l8

size of those I send. The flowers are much paler
than oihers which we grow here, but I have not seen
one that can come up with it in size of flowers.
Charles Rami, Crawky. [The flowers are of a deli-
cate rose colour, mottled wilh white, and, as our
correspondent says, of extraordinary size— nearly
4 inches in length and 3 inches across. Ed.]

Pontederia azurea. — I send you by this post a
blossom of one of the most interesting water plants,
viz., Pontederia azurea (syn. Eichornia). It has
flowered three times or more in the open air here,
planted in pond-water wilh Limnocharis Humboldiii.
It may prove hardy ; and, if so, it will be one of
the most lovely water plants. J. T. B.

Clove Carnations for Forcing at Mr. Gou-
bert's Nursery, Kilburn. — These favourites of
every one who likes good old-fashioned flowers,
are to be found grown in goodly numbers, espe-
cially the old Crimson Clove, which finds perhaps-
ihe most admirers. The vigorous free-growing dis-
position of the plant with its freedom in blooming
make it second to none, and its delightful scent, rich
colour, and the lasting property of the flowers, go to
make it one of the best flowers for cutting. Its
merits out-of-doors have been long known, but
the ability of the plant to bear forcing has only
recently been proved ; one or two of those who
grow flowers for Covent Garden Market tried it
and found that it can be brought on with warmth,
so as to produce flowers freely in the spring, at which
time, as might be supposed, they are held in high
estimation. Mr. Goubert forces it most successfully ;
recently long rows of plants in pots consisting of
several thousands, were ranged on the sides of the
walks through the nursery, preparatory to their being
soon taken under cover. The plants were remark-
able for their vigour, they are at first grown in the
open ground and then potted before the growing
season has too far advanced to admit of their making
plenty of roots so as to fill the soil in the pots, T. B.

The Celery Maggot.— A correspondent in the
Gardeners' Chronicle for Sept. 27, p. 406, asks the ques-
tion, " Is it the fact that this pest of our gardens has
been much less troublesome this season than usual ?
Such is certainly not the case in this neighbourhood. "
We have seen a good deal of Celery lately, and in
every case it has been badly infested with the maggot,
and our own is no exception to the rule. We have
kept ours in check by hand-picking, and destroying
all the aff"ected parts. Previous to this season we
have been in the habit of using soot liberally as a
stimulant, and we were never then troubled with
maggot. Is It possible that the free use of soot is
objectionable to the Celery fly, and that it may act as
a preventive to the fly depositing its eggs on the
Celery? B. Ashfon, Kirkhain Abbey Gardens, York.

Your correspondent, "Twickenham," in the

issue for September 27 speaks of the remarkable
absence of fly in Celery this season, and asks for
information from other districts. He may consider
himself fortunate in his escape, for all around this
district there is not a row without it ; in many places
not a leaf is left. I send you a few pieces for inspec-
tion, and this not an exception, but almost a mild
form of it. Every bit has been handpicked, which
has proved a great expense to market growers. Sah'
plan. [The sample was very badly affected, Ed.]

Hedychiun^ Gardnerianum at Birdhall.— One
is always sure to see something curious and interesting,
if not among Orchids, at least among hardy or green-
house plants here, everydayin the year. Going through
to-day, Mr. Gough, pointing to the above, said he had
had it for upwards of twenty years, and this year had
determined to be done with it, and put it out of
the conservatory as it failed for some time to bloom.
Whether the season was suitable, or unusually warm,
it seemed to agree wilh this rather rare but old
plant, for it threw out four long spikes of very
peculiar blooms. It is a great acquisition to the
conservatory at this time of the year; besides its
unique appearance and soft yellow colour, it de-
liciously scents the whole house, and would not be
parted with row on almost any terms. It would be
inleresling to know if by any system of treatment it
could be had in bloom every year. VV. J. Murphy^
C/onmel.

Blooming Plants at the Hale Farm Nurseries.
— Amongst the most effective during September were
Lilium speciosum album Krcetzeri. A good sized
bed of this Lily, planted thickly, was a complete
mass of pure white flowers. It is the best of the
white varieties of L. speciosum. A companion bed
of L. speciosum purpurascens was also in full bloom.
This is the darkest coloured of all the forms of L.
speciosum, and is a beautiful kind either for pot
culture or out-of-doors, where these Lilies are found
to do satisfactorily. Milla bifolia was beautifully in
bloom. Its pure white flowers are alike handsome

on the plant or when cut. Oxalis floribunda ro^ea is
a pretty late-flowering plant, not so often met wilh as
it deserves to be. Its rosy coloured flowers were present
in abundance. The autumn Crocuses (Colchicum)
album and pallidum were a mass of bloom. The
prettyZauschneriacalifornicaandLeucojum autumnale
were blooming side by side ; both these plants are
acceptable additions to our not over-numerous autumn
flowers. Of Iris Robinsoniana there is a large quan-
tity here raised from seed, so that the plant is likely
to become more plentiful than it has been. T, B.

Fumigating. — As the defectsandevilconsequences
of fumigating|Orchid-houses with tobacco'smoke, have
been under discussion lately, I may observe that I
have successfully adopted the French system of
evaporating tobacco juice, the refuse of cigar making.
The moist vapour penetrates into the heart of the
young vegetation and effectually destroys aphis, and
thrips whether black or yellow, without in any way
injuring the plants. I put the tobacco juice into
shallow pans which are placed upon burning charcoal
in small earthenware or iron stoves. H. J„ Ross^
Castagnolo,

Norwegian Names of Plants. — In the present
volume of the Gardeners'' Chronicle, p. 340, under a
note upon Rubus chamasmorus, " T- W. D." calls
attention to the names under which several edible
berries are known in Norway, and the desirability of
knowing to what plants they belong ; the following
list, compiled from Blytt's Nori^es Flora% may there-
fore prove useful to him and others wishing to know
something about the names of some Norwegian berry-
bearing plants : —

Bjornbair

=

Some form or subspecies of
Rubiis fruticosus

Blaabaer

Blaabserlyng

Blaabring

]

^

Vaccinium myrtyllus

=:

Some form or subspecies of

Rubus fru'icosus

Blem

=

Rubus Ida;us

Blokkebajr

=

Vaccinium uligiDOSum

Erembxr

\

Bring
Bring bscr

=

Rubus Idacus

Brong

}

Jarbxr

Jardbar

=;

Fragatia vesca

jordbper

Kolbxr

=

Some form or subspecies of
Rubus fruticosus

Kraakebajr

)

Krsekjebxr

r

z=

Empetrum nigrum

Krffiklitip

Mikkclsbser

=:

Vaccinium uliginosum

Molta

)

Moltebs:r

\

=:

Rubus chamfemorus

Moved

1

Myrebfer

=

Rubus chamimorus and Vac-
cinium o.xycoccus

Myrtyla

=

Vaccinium oxycoccus

Nakkebxr

=

Fragaria collina

Olbasr
Rips

}

=

Ribes rubrum

Skintryte

S3

Vaccinium uliginosum

Skrekling

=

Empetrum nigrum

Solbasr

=

Ribes rubrum

Stikelba:r
Stikelsbpcr

}

=

Ribes Grossularia

Svarte Vinba;r

=

Ribes nigrum

Taageb;er

)

Taeger
Talgebxr

-

Rubus saxatilis

Teiebaer

Tranebxr

1

Tran'.e

!

=

Vaccinium oxycoccus

Tryte

—

Vaccinium uliginosum

Ty ta

Tylebxr

I

_

Vaccinium Vitis-idasa

Tytelyng

\

UtviU
VinbEcr

}

=

Ribes rubrum

E. Brown»

yv.

Vegetable Marrows.— Although the name of
these popular garden products would lead to the im-
pression that they are necessarily nutritive, it is to be
feared that no such conclusion is warranted, but that
rather the designation simply implies succulency, and
nothing more. But whether nutritive or not, the
Vegetable Marrow is a favoured market subject, and
eagerly sought after by town dweller?, who rather
like them large and not too young ; still, where the
demand is great, as it has been with growers this
year, it is often difficult to permit the fruits to remain
long enough on the plants to become large, the temp-
tation to cut as fast as moderate size is attained being
strong, A grower of some 6 acres of Marrows men-
tions that this year has found them to be singularly
profitable, and that he has often loaded three vans
with them, making up thousands of dozens of the
fruit, during the week. Marrows specially are profit-
able in the fact that they need little labour to be
expended in caring for them, from the time of plant-
ing till the end of October, if spared so long. The
plants can not only take care of themselves, but will
fairly well clean the soil. Again, they are not very
exhausting as a crop, although it is advisable to give
them the help of a good dressing of manure at start-
ing. Potatos, Peas, or spring corn, will follow well
afterwards. It is the capacity to grow such diverse
crops as these which enables market growers to
enjoy advantages not possessed by most farmers. Of

course it is of the first moment that Marrow plants
should be got out early ; Indeed, some growers, that
they may get the first pull from the market, will employ
numbers of movable frames, and, making up shallow
dung-beds, give the plants such a start that, when
others are planting out, these protected ones have
filled the frames, and are full of fiuit. The frames
being lifted off, the plants grow as they may. Large
growers of necessity sow their seed in the open
ground ; but though the plants may be later, yet they
grow rapidly when once well rooted. A. D.

Tomatos. — I herewith send you a Jumbo (seed-
ling) Tomato, selected from the Orangefield, and
grown by Mr. Johnston, gardener to the Marchioness
of Camden, Bayham Abbey, for the last six years,
bearing marvellous crops of heavy fruit every year,
and cutting from early in May, keeping on till the
end of October. The last few years this Tomato has
taken 1st prize at Brighton and other shows with fruit
weighing on an average i^ lb. The largest one I
enclose for your opinion weighed exactly 2^ lb., and
measured i^t foot in circumference when cut. The
other bunch enclosed, to show its free bearing quali-
ties, weighed 2 lb. 15 02., and of those exhibited at ths
Tunbridge Wells show in July the average weight
was li lb. Q. [The fruits were of enormous size, fine
crimson colour, and slightly ribbed on the under-side.
Ed.]

Thorny Trees. — The gipsies who plucked branches
from the Crittenden Damson trees referred to at p.
392, for the purpose of making with the long spines
skewers for butchers, should seek for trees of that
terribly armed and appropriately named shrub, Gle-
ditschia horrida, which produces the firmest and
most sharply pointed of spines to be found on any
similar tree or shrub in cultivation. Fortunately so
dangerous a tree is seldom met with out of nurseries,
and a large number of gardeners, perhaps, have never
seen it. The spines are very hard, and some 3 inches
in lengh. I remember it well as a tree to be cautious
of when a boy, for those in the nursery were dwarf and
seldom removed. It was in that day sometimes called
Christ's Thorn, but incorrectly, as that is Paliurus
aculeatus. D,

Church Decorations.— It is perhaps late to be
thinking of church decorations, in connection with
Thanksgiving service or Harvest Festival, and yet I
would like to call attention to the great wealth of wild
fruits and berries there is, and to point out how suitable
and beautiful they are for the purpose. Take those
of the Laurel for instance, and what can look better,
in a decorative point of view, than the branches of
that shrub, with their long racemes of highly-coloured,
bluc'black fruit, and then again, where the poor
voracious birds have not carried them away, there are
those of the Berberry, among which there is great
variety, both of form as well as rich colour. B. aqui*
folia is perhaps a little stiff, but B. Darwinii is exceed-
ingly graceful, the regular drooping curve of its slender
branches rendering it just the thing for vases, where
sprays of it show off to perfection. The Mountain
Ash, too, is fine for the same purpose ; and then there
are lots of Crataegus, and we need only go to the
hedgerows for twigs full of Sloes and shoots borne
down by ripe clusters of Blackberries. Surely all
these would be more appropriate for decorative pur-
poses in sacred buildings, than heaps of cultivated
fruit and vegetables, such as we often see ; but I am
on tender ground here, and had better leave that part
to those who ought to know more about it. J.
Sheppard.

Single Dahlias and Bees. — Have you or any of
your readers in going among beds of single Dahlias
observed bees on almost every flower? At first I
merely thought they got wet and waited until the sun
shone before departing on their busy mission of col-
lecting their winter store of honey. I am now alluding
to the larger, not to the smaller honey bee. Within
the last few days some gardening friends have drawn
my] attention to the fact that this is general, and
that those bees seem not dead, but stupefied. On
examining more closely it will be found that the
'* honey ' of the single Dahlia, which it is to be pre-
sumed attracts them, is of a sticky gummy character,
and seemingly calculated to produce the drunken
effect noticeable. Perhaps some of your readers who
have greater opportunities may further inquire into
the accuracy of my supposition. \V, J. Murphy^
Clonmd.

Aaaleas Affected with Thrips. — The insects
that gardeners have to contend with are numerous,
and only by incessant watchfulness can they be kept
under, and there is no disguising the fact, that where
plants are kept so far free from insects as to prevent
their ever gaining a head, there the best results may
be looked for. The surest means of reducing the
never-wholly-absent work entailed in the destruction
of insects is on greenhouse plants, to see that in
the autumn the stock is so far as possible freed

October II, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

471

from them, for at this season their increase is
at the least point. As regards several of the mo^t
troublesome, such as red-spider and thrips, the
greater number, so far as the mature insects are con-
cerned, perish ; but befnre making their exit, never
fail to leave eggs enough for another year's slock of
ihtir unwanted progeny. In this state the embyro
cm be most successfully dealt with. Amongst the
d.tterent kinds of greenhouse plants there are none
that contribute so much to perpetuate thrips as do
Azileas, for though the mature insects are now either
derd, or have less vitality in them, especially in the
case of plants that have been stood out-of-doors for a
time, still their eggs may he seen sealed up on the
leaves beneath the little black, varnish-like specks,
under which they remain secure untd enough warmth
is present to bring them to life. Fumigation is use-
less, as if the plants were smoked until they were half
killed, it would not afl'ect the eggs of the thrips in
the least ; yet they can be eflectually destroyed if the
right means are taken. For this purpose there ii
nothing so safe and so etTectual as strong tobacco
water, in which the plants should either be dipped
repeatedly, or, if too large to be so dealt with,
syringed thoroughly two or three times at intervals
of a week or so, leaving the water to dry on the
plants. Where this work is well done, thrips will give
much less trouble during the ensuing summer, as it at
all affected it will only be by such as are communi-
cated from plants of other kinds. Where a like
course to this is not followed. Azaleas that have been
attacked with thrips during the past summer will
again swarm with them early in spring, communi-
cating the pest to everything near on which they will
live. In like manner all the plants that have been
affected by red-spider should be dipped and washed
with insecticide, in the case of aphides fumigation
with tobacco smoke should be repeated until they are
quite free from the insects. In this way a clean start
in spring may be looked for, which does much to
lessen the ensuing summer's work.

Gladiolus, The Bride. — Mr. Riches has done
good service in calling attention to Gladiolus, The
Bride, which is one of the most useful and beautiful
among white flowers that any one can grow either for
the decoration of the conservatory or greenhouse, or
aiTording a supply of cut bloom. I saw it on several
occasions, during the early part of this season, at
shows, worked up in bouquets as well as in epergnes,
where it was very telling, owing to its graceful form.
It must not be assumed, however, that because the
corms stood out last winter that they are quite hardy,
as we had no frost, and I fear that any one following
Mr. Riches' advice and planting in the open ground
in October would stand a chance of losing them,
unless the situation happened to be a very sheltered
one or they were protected. We grew ours in 32-sized
pots, in each of which we placed from five to seven
corms, and stood them in cold frames, where they
were kept till they began to show flower, when they
were at once arranged in the greenhouse with other
varieties of G. Colvilei, all of which have very rich
colours and markings, and come in fine for mixing
and dressing up with The Bride. As soon as the
corms are ripe, as they will be when the tops die
down, we shall shake them all out and repot in light
rich loamy soil, and let them come gradually on, as
before. Those who are not so fortunate as to have a
slock of these useful small-growing Gladiolus will
find this a good time to obtain them and start with
them, as a number may be sent cheaply through the
Parcels Post, and they will then be ready for starting
at once. 7. S.

FRUIT NOTES.

Gros Maroc Grape. — At p. 397 a question rela-
tive to the above Grape is asked, and mention is
made of the difference in some of the exhibits of the
same variety at South Kensington on September 23.
I do not doubt but what all the bunches exhibited
under the name of Gros Maroc were true to name,
but where there was any difference from the typical
form I should think it highly probable, if the facts
were known, that the Vine was not growing on its
own roots, but had been grafted or inarched on some
other vaiiety, LThis was not so in this particu-
lar instance. Ed.] It is a well known fact amongst
Grape growers that in some cases the influence of a
stock over the scion is very great — so much so that a
variety may be altered in its character, both in regard
to flavour and form of berry, as to make it appear
altogether a distinct kind. We have here a Madres-
field Court inarched on Gros Colmar, yet the produce
is neither the one thing nor the other, but partakes a
little of the character of both. This freak of Nature,
if we may so call it, is not the rule, but rather the
exception, y. Haysejieldy Heytesbitry,

Whilst it was evident to close observers of the

Grapes at South Kensington at the recent show that

there were very distinctive differences between the
form of berry seen in bunches of this Grape sent from
diverse gardens, yet one feature pervaded every
example, and that was the little yellowish fungoid-
like eruptions which clustered more or less about
the stems of the berries. This feature appeared to
be more marked in this Grape than in any other.
Perhaps the stock may have something to do with
the shape of berry, but large, and rounded like to
the berries of Gros Colmar, but blacker, and carrying
more bloom, was the prevalent characteristic. The
bunches from Gunnersbury showed the most oval
form in berry ; those from Burghley the densest
coating of bloom, whilst those from Ileckfield were the
handsomest, and had the largest and most rounded
berries. Gros Maroc would seem to be a grand yet
old Grape that has long been neglected, and the
high-class merits of which are but just discovered. A,

AiM'LEs AND Fears.— Although there are not many
of these this year, what there are promise to be fine,
not so much perhaps in size ^as in high colour
and flavour. For these latter good points we are in-
debted to the sun, which has been very warm, and
has put the finishing touches on the fruit, as is shown
by the skins of both Apples and Pears. Cox's
Pomona are quite a sight, and Blenheim Orange and
Cox's Orange Pippin have already rich looking cheeks
that will greatly improve after they get into the fruit-
room, where they must soon be placed, although I
like to let them and all late keepers hang on the trees
as long as they will. The mistake many make is in
having a general gathering, without regard to sorts,
instead of which they want watching, and taking
only when they are ready, as they differ in time of
flnishing as much as two or three weeks. On looking
over Apples to-day to decide on what should be
picked, this fact made itself very apparent, as I
could see at a glance that Sturmer Pippins and Clay-
gate Pearmain were quite safe for at least a fortnight
to come, and the same with a few other kinds, which,
if got in now, would only shrivel and spoil. The
same remarks apply to Easter Beurre, Beurre Ranee,
Ne Plus Meuris, and Josephine de Malines Pears,
none of which are at all fit yet to be gathered, and
of those that ripen in October and after, such as
Marie Louise, Doyenne du Cornice, Glou Mor<;eau,
and others, will only hold on, they will improve much
daily so long as the weather is fine. For Pears on
walls it is a good plan to strain a net along, as is
done for Peaches, to catch any that drop, so as to
prevent bruising, and to pick out all fallen ones daily,
and under pyramids, espaliers, and bushes, it is well
to have a little straw, as then the fruit may be left
later than would be wise without something to save
them. Ours were all heavily mulched with long
littery manure, which had been on all the summer,
and I always find that the trees are greatly benefited
by the increased moisture, and shade the roots get
by having it over them. y. S,

EcKLiNViLLE Pii'PiN ApPLE. — I find this variety
to be a first-rate culinary Apple, also large and hand-
some, and a great bearer. The tree is a free grower,
and forms a splendid pyramid. I think, when more
known, it is very likely to supersede many of the
early varieties of culinary Apples, coming, as it
does, into use in August, and keeping well into
November. I purchased some trees from Messrs.
Veitch & Sons in the year 18S2, and this year we
have gathered over 4 dozen fine fruits from each tree,
I can strongly recommend this Apple to all who have
not got it. 7. J. Loviry, Belmont, Mill Hill.

Strood Cluster Damson.— Some two years ago
this Damson was alluded to, and made the subject of
a leading article, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, when it
was clearly shown that what had been put forth as the
Crittenden Damson was a wrongful designation ; and
in your issue of September 20 last the beautiful
delineation of this desirable variety will doubtless, if
not corrected, be the means of perpetuating the mis-
appropriation. In consequence of the neglect of the
raiser of this fine variety to take advantage of adver-
tising it, and making it known to the world, thereby
securing to himself a source of great profit, he indis-
criminately supplied it to others, in consequence of
which it has been put forth differently designated as
the Crittenden, Fairlight, and by mistake even the
"Stroud" Damson. The Damson in question origi-
nated in the nursery of Mr. William Herbert, of
Strood, in Kent, who was afterwards a tenant of Mr.
Roach Smith. After the death of Mr, Herbert, Mr.

R. Smith introduced the Damson to his friend, the
late Mr. Thomas Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth, and
assisted him to a large quantity of buds and suckers,
by means of which he was soon able to supply, not
only the English, but the American niaikel. Mr,
Crittenden, of Iligham, near Strood, had in previous
years purchased trees of Mr, Herbert, and thus the
Damson came to be called "Crittenden," The late
Mr, Alfred Smee, F,R,S,, engraved this Damson in
his work called JMy Garden, from specimens supplied
by Mr. Roach Smith ; but, although he knew well its
history, he persisted in calling it the "Rochester'
I>amson. Mr, Roach Smith had previously published
a notice of this Strood Damson in his pamphlet On
the Scarcity of Home Gro^an fruits, with Remedial
Suggestions (Liverpool, 1863). J. C.

Heads or Tails?— A curious heading this to a
gardening paragraph, but it is suggested by the novel
and interesting sight of a number of Vines fruiting
grandly, and yet literally growing on their heads.
The story of the Lady Downe's-house at Ileckfield
has in driblets from time to time been told, but a
short summary of its history will just now not be un-
interesting. Planted originally in a'south-west lean-to
it was found, owing to the admirable cropping powers
shown by the Vines, and the value of the crop for
late keeping, expedient to take away the back wall of
the house, and carry down a lean-to on the other side,
thus converting the house into a broad but rather low
span. In time the Vine rods brought down this new
slope filled all the available space, and just as an
experiment, literally unable then to say whether it
would or would not prove either successful or de-
sirable, Mr, Wildsmith layered the young leaders of
the rods a few years since, with the result that all
rooted, so that the novel spectacle was presented of a
vinery, the plants in which were rooted and making
good growth at both ends ; and it seemed hard to say
which were the heads and which were the tails. In
process of time the Vines began to fail somewhat, for
they were dependent entirely upon inside borders,
and it was resolved to make now the most hazardous
experiment of severing the rods of one-half the Vines
at the ridge or apex of the roof that the, old roots
might be removed, that portion of the border be re-
made, and new Vines be planted. It was done, and,
curious to relate, the severed tops, still rooted by
their heads in the opposite border, seemed not one
penny the worse, but fruited as well as ever. Thus
encouraged the other half were cut away last winter,
and the remainder of the original border renewed
and replanted, whilst all of one side the house
remains covered by Vines growing and cropping as
mentioned. Oddly enough, too, the crop on these
old heads of Vines is a superb one — we doubt if, for
the area, it has ever been better ; the branches are
numerous, are fine, and the berries unusually large
and splendidly finished. Thus we have told a plain
unvarnished story of a singular experiment in plant
physiology and culture, the which, if productive of
no practical good, may ever be quoted with exceeding
interest, [A charming illustration for those who still
believe in the old sap dogmas ! Ed.]

Warner's King.— I have just gathered a fine
sample of this Apple : six weighed 5', lb., twelve
weighed 9.^ lb., the girth varying from 12 to 13;
inches. Perhaps other gardeners would communicate
their experience, as locality makes such a difterence
in the size and quality of fruit. H, L., Ulverston,

Pyrus malus pendula, Elise Ratiike.— This
is offered by A. Rathke & Son, of Praust, Germany,
as a new Apple tree with pendulous branches. The
tree is not only ornamental, but is said to be very
productive ; the fruit is a good winter Apple o(
middle size, of a yellowish colour, with a vinous
taste, and it may be preserved till the month of
March, or even as late as April. Whether this
novelty is one calculated to hit the popular taste
remains to be seen. We have Apples of somewhat
pendulous growth, but this appears to have it in as
marked a manner as the Weeping Ash, judging from
the representation of it on paper.

The Blenheim Orange Apple.— It has been
stated that this fine Apple has cropped well in some
parts of the country, notwithstanding the general
scarcity of this important fruit. In the tract of country
lying between Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon come
the villages of Barford, Charlcote, and Wellesbourne,
with others, may be seen fine trees of the Blenheim

472

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, i8

Orange Apple, with a healthy, vigorous growth, equal
to anything seen in Kent, and bearing heavy crops of
very fine fruit. This line of country is famous for its fine
Apples of this esteemed variety, and it is said that in
a good season the cottagers make a good sum of money
by what their trees produce. It may be that Warwick-
shire was less affected by spring frosts than other
parts of the country, for in not a few orchards fairly
good crops of Apples could be seen.

Peach Belle de Saint-Geslin Blanche. — A
late Peach of moderate size, globose, with a mode-
rately deep suture, yellowish, velvetty. It is a white-
fruited sport from Belle de Saint Geslin, a much
esteemed French late Peach.

Apple Tom Putt.— A medium-sized or rather
large Apple, roundish conical, slightly ribbed near
the sunken eye ; stalk short, set in a deep basin ;
colour yellowish, striped with scarlet ; flesh very white,
tender, perfumed. A fine bearer ; fruit mid-season.
Mr. Barron speaks highly of it in the September
number of the Florist and Pomologist, where there is
an excellent coloured plate representing the foliage
and fruit,

Crittenden Damson. — In your notes appended
to the admirable figure given of the [above in your
last you say it is generally raised from its own roots.
Allow me to say that for thirty years it has been
budded on theMussell stock, in our andother nurseries,
and succeeds admirably. The trees thus raised grow
with greater freedom, produce larger fruit, and the
trees are nearly free from the spines which crowd all
the trees raised from suckers. During the last twenty
years other stocks have been used with success, making
it suitable for light soils. It is stated that the trees
require little thinning. In the best managed planta-
tions all the Crittenden Damsons are heavily pruned
annually, otherwise the fruit would be little better
than Sloes, because of the enormous crop, and the
trees so prickly that it would be difficult to pick the
fruit. Older trees lose the spines, as in the case of
the wild Pear, &c. Geo. Bunyard, Maidstone.

Lady Lucy Plum.— Referring to " T. B.'s " notes
on this fruit, I may say that the proper name is La
Delicieuse or Cooper's Large— a Plum that bears
immensely, and comes in after the main crop is over.
Abbey Seedling is Waltham. The market growers'
names are of no value for nomenclature : recently I
saw some fine young trees, the growth of which seemed
familiar, but the foreman said they were Early Maria
Apples, but they proved to be Queen Caroline, G, B.,
Maidstone,

Seedling Vines, &c.— Some few years since I
purchased at a cheap rate some " London dung "
which I saw in the heap ; on getting it out on'the land
we at once saw that it contained the refuse from some
market, and were in due time rewarded with a crop
of Vines, Dates, Apples, and Pears, but it had no
manurial value. G, B,

A Second Crop of Plums. — Accompanying this
I send a spray from a Victoria Plum tree, with a ripe
fruit attached. This spray, as you will see, is of this
year's growth, so that the processes of wood growth,
blossoming, and ripening of fruit, have all been begun
and completed in the short space of the growing sea-
son of one year. It is not an inapt illustration of the
kind of season we have had ; and does it not run
amuck of the theory which lays itfdown that no fruit
is produced except on two-year-old wood ? I ought
to add that there are several other fruits on the same
tree, in an equally ripe condition, on wood of the same
age, and that the first crop of fruit was taken oiT the
tree more than three weeks ago. G. Paul, F.G.S.,
Moortown, Leeds,

and a union take place. To aid and quicken this, it
is a good plan to cover the frame and keep it perfectly
dark by having mats over the glass, and as the buds
burst, light may be gradually let in to strengthen the
growth, 7- ^•

Dioscorea retusa. — Most of the Dioscoreas are
grown for the beauty of their leaves, which are
often beautifully marked with streaks and blotches in
various shades of colour. The present is an excep-
tion, and although the flowers individually are small
and insignificant, they together with their attendant
bracts are capable in the aggregate of producing a
very handsome effect. They are of a creamy-white
colour, and produced in pendulous catkin-like spikes
that occupy the axils of the leaves in clusters. The
finger-like leaves are digitately pinnate, clothing the
twining stems, which are so pliant and manageable
that they can be used to decorate the rafters of a
house, or cover a frame or lattice-work, where the
graceful tassel-like inflorescence would be seen to
advantage. It was originally described and figured
in these columns, and is now flowering in one of the
stoves at Kew.

Propagating Roses. — Although the time for
propagating Roses, by means of budding, is well nigh
past, there are other ways by which they may be
increased, and one of the best of these is that of
striking them from cuttings, which, if put in at the
proper season, root readily and make superior plants,
as, being on their own bottoms, there is none of that
trouble from suckers which most stocks throw up
more or less. Manettis are very subject to this evil ;
many amateurs, not knowing them from the real
Rose, often let them grow, and when this is done
they soon overpower and kill the plant, or so starve
and weaken it as to prevent it from blooming.

On their own roots Roses escape all this, and if
they do push up from below they are all the stronger
and better after for making the additional shoots.
There are two periods at which cuttings may be
formed and put in, and they are spring and autumn,
but at the first-named season they must be got and
made from forced plants, when the wood is firm,
which corresponds with the condition it is now in on
those in the open. The most suitable shoots for
getting the cuttings from are those of a medium or
intermediate size, as they have not so much pith in
them as the larger, which is greatly in favour of their
callusing, as instead of turning black, or shrivelling,
they heal over at once.

The way to make the cuttings is to divide the
shoots into lengths of three or more buds each, the
lower of which should have the leaf pulled away from
it, and the wood cut through close under, when, after
the spines are carefully rubbed oft', they will be ready
for putting into the ground. The soil most suitable
for striking Roses is that which is sharp and sandy,
and the proper situation is a warm sheltered one,
where, if they can have the protection of handlights,
or a frame, to cover and keep them close, all the
better, as the more they are out of the drying influence
of wind and air, the greater the chance of success will
there be. Not only may Roses of the Tea and
perpetual kinds be propagated by treating them in the
manner referred to, but the stocks for grafting and
budding have to be raised in the same way, at least
those of the Manetti must, for though the Brier may
be got from cuttings, most of them are obtained from
the hedgerows or by sowing the seed. The cuttings
of Manetti should be made about 9 inches long, and
when trimming them up have all buds cut clean out
except one or two at the top, otherwise they will
always be a great bother through starting and making
a number of shoots. In putting the cuttings in the
quickest way is to dig a piece of ground and then
mark it out with a line, by the side of which a trench
should be cut to the required depth, and the cuttings
placed in it at 3 or 4 inches apart, when the soil may
be returned and at once trodden firmly and closely
against them, leaving only just the top bud or extreme
points of the shoots standing out. By having them
in thus deeply there is little of the wood exposed, and
therefore, instead of drying and shrivelling, it remains
plump and fresh till the roots form.

Those who have young plants of Manetti from cut-
tings struck last year may soon utilise them by taking
them up for grafting, as next month and the following
is a good time for the performing of that operation, so
that any one having new or choice Roses they wish to
increase may do so, and have good strong plants
ready for turning out in the spring. To be successful
it is necessary to make up a hotbed, which is better
even than a close propagating box, as the warmth it
affords is regularly moist and more genial. The
grafting is done by cutting down the stock to within
2 inches or so of the roots and carefully slicing away
one side of the stem, just paring through the bark and
taking away a small portion of wood, when the scion
should be trimmed in a similar manner to fit it ; and
if the two are then tongued they will hold and unite
neatly and closely together. To keep them in posi-
tion and enable them to do this they must be bound
tightly by tying them round with a piece of Raflia-
grass or matting, and if then covered with wax, made
and sold for such purposes, few, if any, will fail. In
putting the grafted plants in the frame they may
either be plunged in pots or placed in soil, and if the
former, cocoa-nut fibre will be found good material,
in which they may be nearly buried ; and if the heat
is kept regular the scions or grafts will soon start,

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY
EXHIBITION.

Revised List of Awards.— On Saturday after-
noon last the Executive Committee of the Forestry
Exhibition issued a revised list of awards, the sub-com-
mittee appointed to carefully re-examine the stands,
and to call in the aid of experts when necessary,
having finished this work. A number of exhibitors
have obtained higher awards than the previous
adjudicators allowed them, but none of the awards
already given have been withdrawn. The revised
list is as follows : —

Gold Medals, — Wm. Adams, Queensferry Street,
Edinburgh ; James Dickson & Son, Newton Nurseries,
Chester, for trees and shrubs ; The Lawson Seed and
Nursery Company, for trees and shrubs ; Messrs. Little
& Ballantyne, Carlisle, for , coniferous and deciduous
trees ; Thos. Methven & Son, Edinburgh ; L. Mougenot,
Paris ; W. Scott Morton & Co., Edinburgh ; James
Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, and
Special Diploma for trees and shrubs ; Vilmorin, An-
drieux & Co., Paris ; Stuart & Co., Edinburgh ; Com-
missioners'of Woods and Forests, London ■, Cape Colony ;
G. Alexander, Ceylon ; The Maharajah of Johore ;
Government of Denmark.

Silver Medals.— A., J. Arrowsmith & Co., London ;
Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, and Special
Diploma ; Brown Brothers, Edinburgh ; Ciceri & Co.,
Edinburgh ; James Dickson & Son, Chester, for tools,
seeds, &c. ; James Duncan, Pihig, Edinburgh ; P. &. R.
Fleming & Co., Glasgow ; A. Gardner* Son, Glasgow ;
Thomas Gibson & Son, Edinburgh ; Andrew Gordon,
Edinburgh ; Gray &Co., Edinburgh ; John Hislop& Son,
Edinburgh and Haddington ; The Lawson Seed and
Nursery Company, for seeds ; Little & Ballantyne, for
cones, seeds, and tools ; Wm. Low, Edinburgh ; Henry
Pooley & Son, Glasgow ; Wm. Robertson, Edinburgh ;
Thomas Robinson & Son, Rochdale, and Diploma ; J.
Sagar & Co., Halifax, and Diploma ; Shanks & Co.,
Glasgow ; R. Sorbie & Son, Sheffield, and Diploma ;
Taylor Brothers, Sheffield ; Thornton & Co., Edinburgh,
and Special Diploma for Indiarubber plants ; E. Ros-
trum, Denmark.

Bronze Medals.— Bombay Burmah Trading Corpora-
tion for Cutch and articles dyed therewith ; W. R. Clap-
perton & Co., Princes' Street, Edinburgh ; Martin Clark,
Silvermills, Edinburgh ; Wm. Gibson, Glasgow ; R.
Hartland, Cork ; J. M. Imrie, Edinburgh ; Robert H.
Kyle, Edinburgh ; R. T. Linton.lEdinburgh ; Paterson,
Smith & Junes, Edinburgh ; Selig, Sonenthal & Co.,
London ; Wm. Wills, Leith.

Diplomas. — W. B. Aitchison, Edinburgh ; Henry
Anderson, Edinburgh ; the Duke of Athole ; James
Bennet, Edinburgh ; Jas. Cruickshank, Edinburgh ; D.
& J.. Eraser, Edinburgh ; A. J. Main & Co., Edinburgh ;
W. H. Maxwell of Munches ; R. Paterson, London ;
W. Richardson & Son, Edinburgh,

Highly Commended. — A. Holmboe, Norway.

Commended.— H. Ahlbottn, Leith ; James Dickson &
Sons, Edinburgh ; J. Palmer & Son, Annan ; Peter
Tait, Craigleith.

A meeting of exhibitors was held on the 7th inst.
at 5, St. Andrew Square, for the purpose of re-
ceiving the report of the committee appointed by
exhibitors dissatisfied with the awards originally made
by thejurors. The report, according to the Scotsman,
in concluding, states that : —

" In conducting the above revision the Executive had
not had the courage to withdraw awards that had pre-
viously been allowed in opposition to the Judgment of
the original jurors, though why they should have refused
to do this while assuming the right to advance others
contrary to the same judgment seemed to be quite in-
consistent and absurd. The consequence was that they
had an amended list, contradicting a vitiated list, and
the final production left them further removed than before
from the original jurors' awards. Those who were satis-
fied must be congratulated, and those who were not must
endeavour to derive satisfaction from the reflection that
the awards could in no sense be s.aid to be representative
of the original awards, and that their value as awards of
merit emanating from competent jurors had been, through
the successive ordeals through which they had passed,
shattered and completely destroyed. This was a
disappointing determination to their great Forestry
Exhibition. The points of experience gained by
them might be summed up as follows :— (i) Dissatisfac-
tion and discontent might be expected to arise if the
composition of the Executive Committee be not as it

October ji, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

473

should be, and that they had better shun an exhibition
altogether if they had not perfect confidence in all the
individual components of the Executive ; {2) it should be
an essential condition that a proper and thorough under-
standing be entered into with the exhibitors as to the
power and control of the Executive as regards the awards,
and that all jurors' reports and awards should be received
and published verbatim ; (3) exhibitors should combine
and, if possible, insist upon a sub-committee of their
number acting in concert with the Executive, or, if not,
that they should appoint a committee of their own
specially'lo look after the general interests of exhibitors."

Remarks having been invited, Mr. Wells, Leilh,
said he must certainly admit that the Executive Com-
mittee had atoned for their behaviour to the exhi-
bitors, and he thought the letter which Sir James
Gibson-Craig sent to their Secretary was an ample
apology for their misdoings. There was not sufficient
care taken in making the awards on the first occasion,
but after the experts were appointed he for one had
due attention given to his exhibits, and he could see
that to other exhibitors near him these experts did
give each proper attention.

Mr. Syme, of the Lawson Seed and Nursery Com-
pany, moved the approval and adoption of the report.

Crystal Palace : The Hardy Fruit and Inter-
national Potato Show: October 7 to II. — The
first-named exhibition, which, as originally promoted,
was to have been an accessory to a harvest festival, but
which last was abandoned, from the efficient reason ot
want of space in the building, was a worthy response to
the invitations of the Crystal Palace Company. The
fruits staged by our well-known Kentish growers, and
from Messrs. Cheal & Sons, T. Rivers & Sons,
Veitch & Sons, and Lane & Son, amongst nurserymen,
were of wonderfully good quality in regard to size and
colour, as seen in the culinary kinds of Apples, and this
was especially to be remarked in dessert Pears. Very
line lots were brought from Nova Scotia, under the
auspices of the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Assoniation,
whose agents in London — Messrs. Northard & Co., 20,
Tooley Street, E.C. — offered a Silver Cnp, that was
supplemented by the Crystal Palace Company with
j^i4 loj. additional prize-money.

The winner of the Cup and ^^5 was Dr. H. O.
McLatchey, Wolfville, Nova Scotia. The 2d prize was
awarded to the Fruit Growers' Association of Nova
Scoiia ; and the 3d prize lo Mr. H. O. Duncannon, Fal-
mouth, Hants county, Nova Scotia ; extra prizes being
awarded to Mr. R. W. Starr, Starr Point, Fort William,
Nova Scotia ; to Messrs. E. & O. Chase, Cornwallis,
and to E. C. Dickie, Canard, Cornwallis, in the same
province. In these collections many sorts occur with
which English growers are but little or not at all
acquainted, at the same time our standard sorts
are likewise seen in capital conditions of size and
colour. But although some of the native kinds find
their way to our markets during late autumn and winter
there does not seem to be anything which can worthily
take the place of our best sorts in the two great classes,
dessert and cooking Apples.

Open Classes.— For the best collection of Apples,
dessert and culinary, six fruits of each, Mr. Haycock,
gr. to R. Leigh, Esq., M.P., Barham Court, Maid-
stone, was ist, with ninety-eight dishes of splendid fruit,
consisting of all the best kinds, of which fifty dishes
were of dessert varieties ; 2d, Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons,
the Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, with 112 kinds. This
firm showed also a late red Guigne Cherry de Winkler,
some fruits of Siberian Crabs in variety, Monarch Plum
in good condition, Lord and Lady Palmerston Peaches,
and Golden Eagle Peach, all pretty to look at. The 3d
prize was taken by Mr. A. Waterman, gr. to H. A.
Brassey, Esq., M.P., Preston Hail, Aylesford, Kent,
with sixty-four sorts, amongst which were many very
superior fruits, viz., Blenheim Orange, Ribston, Dutch
Mignonne, Lady Henniker, Beauty of Kent, Cox's
Orange, Peasgood Nonesuch, Warner's Gloria Mundi,
and Claygate Pearmain. 4th prize was awarded to Mr.
J. H. Goodacre, gr. lo the Earl of Hanington, Elvaston,
who had ninety-eight dishes of various degrees of merit,
the culinary kinds being very fine. Messrs. Lane &
Sons had 142 dishes of Apples, of much merit. For the
best collections of Pears, six of each. — ist, Mr. C. Hay-
cock, with fruit of superior excellence, many having the
appearance of having been grown under exceptionally
favourable conditions of growth, so fine and spotless
were they, this being very remarkable in Beurre Super-
fin. Marie Benoit, Beurr6 Hardy, Brockworth Park,
Pitmaston Duchesse, Triomphe de Jodoigne, and Duron-
deau ; 2d, Mr. G. Goldsmith, Hollanden, Tonbridge,
who showed in his usual excellent style Brockworth
Park, Beurr^ Clairgeau, Doyenn^ Boussoch, Marie

Louise, Beunc Did. and Dcliccs d'Hardenponl, being
very fine ; 3d, Mr. A. Waterman, who had many equally
fine fruit ; 4th, Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons.

Fruit. — Amateurs' classes for twenty-four dishes of
Apples, which were rather numerously represented. —
i5t, Mr. C. Haycock, Barham Court, whose Belle du
Bois, Reinette du Canada, Ribston Pippin, Lord
Derby, Lord Suflicld. White Nonpareil, and Golden
Noble, were capital examples ; 2d, Mr. S. Ford, gr. to
W. E. Hubbard, Esq , Leonardslee, Horsham ; 3d, Mr.
A. Waterman, I'reston Hall. For the best twelve dishes
of Pears. — ist, Mr. C. Haycock, with superb Pitmaston
Duchess. Durondeau, Louise Bonne, Beurre Hardy,
Duchesse d'AngoulOcne, Beurre Superfin, the colour and
general condition of all the kinds shown being first-
class. 2d, Mr. Goldsmith, wiih a collection but little
inferior to the first ; 3d, Mr. W. Dance. For the com-
petition for the best twelve dishes of Apples. — ist. Mr.
Goldsmith, HolUnden, the sorts Golden Noble. Rib-
ston, Warner's King, Halldoor, Blenheim Orange,
Reinette du Canada, Beauty of Kent, being very good ;
2d, Mr. C. Longly, Crabbe House, River, Dover ; 3d,
Mr. J. Sharpe, gr. to F. Hatchett, Esq., Parkfield, Lee,
Kent.

Vegetaules— open — of which there were several
collections shown. Mr. A. Waterman was awarded
the ist prize for a well grown lot, in which were to be
noticed many of the best kinds of seasonabl^i out-
of-doors kinds. 2d, Mr. J. Neighbour, gr., Bickley
Park. Bickley ; 3d. Mr. |. H Goodacre; the 4th prize
was withheld. There was to have been a collection of
agricultural productions, sufficient of each sort to be
shown to be a fair representation ; but only one prize
was awarded— that a 4th, to Mr. Goodacre, Elvaston.
Gourds were shown in great numbers and variety, ist
and 2d prizes being taken in their respective order by
Mr. Sturgess, gr. to Dr. Freshfield. Mount House,
Chipstead, Redhill, and by Mr. J. Sharpe, Parkfield,
Lee. A 4th prize was awarded to Mr. C. Osman,
South Metropoliton Schools, Sutton. For the b^st col-
lection of Pumpkins. — Mr. S. Osman, with a nice
lot of both large and small species and varieties ; he
also got an extra prize for the heaviest Pumpkin shown ;
2d, Mr. G. SturgCiS. For the finest ornamental Gourds
in collections. — ist, Mr. T. Glen, gr. to Mrs. Monte-
fiore, North Park, Crawley— this was a very varied
collection, consisting ot many singular and grotesque
forms ; 2d, Mr. C. Osman.

Vegetables (Amateurs). — For the best twelve
dishes, not more than two dishes of any variety. ^ist,
Mr. J. Neighbour ; 2d, Mr. C. J. Waite, gr., Glenhurst,
liiher. For the best six dishes. — ist, Mr. T. Beckett ;
2d, Mr. L. Harris ; 3d, Mr. Patchell. Prizes were offered
by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, of 6 gs., 5 gs., 4 gs.,
3 gs., 2 gs., I g. , for collections of vegetables, tlie ist
prize being awarded to Mr. W. Meads, gr. to Viscount
Harrington, Becket Park. Shrivenham ; 2d, Mr. C.
Waite ; 3d, Mr. C. Osman. For the 41)1, 5th, and 6tli,
there was no competition.

Miscellaneous Awards. — To Messrs. Cheal &
Sm, Crawley, an extra prize was awarded for a collec-
tion ot seventy-six dishes of Apples and one of twenty-
three dishes of Pears. Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons
received an extra prize for Plums and Peaches. Messrs.
J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill. SE.. for a collection of
Begonias, lifted from the open ground and siill loaded
with bloom in a quite fresh condition, received an
extra prize ; as did Mr. H. Deverill, Corn Hill, Banbury,
for a collection of Rowsham Park and other Onions,
very fine bulbs from home grown seed, Mr. J. Butler,
the Gardens, Orchardlane. Siitingbourne. for Pear. Pit-
maston Duchess ; and Mr. C. Langley, gr. . Crabbe
House, River, Dover, for 6 dishes of Pears. A First-class
Certificate was awarded to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.
Chelsea, for the new Apple Sandringham, which received
a recognition at the Chiswick Apple Congress in 1883.
A large collection of Apples, not for competition, was
exhibited by the same firm, and a great number of useful
and ornamental Gourds was sent from Chiswick, that
showed how decorative these plants might be made in
the garden.

The International Potato Exiiirition.— The
annual display of Potatos under the auspices of the
International Potato Show Committee was held in
association with the great hardy fruit show at the Crystal
Palace on Wednesday last and two following days.
The display, whilst in some respects less pretentious than
in some previous years, yet materially surprised the
promoters, because at nearly all previous provincial
shows during the autumn Potatos have been presented
much rougher than usual, and it was generally antici-
pated that the same detect would have characterised
the Crystal Palace exhibits. Happily, in a con-
siderable degree that anticipation was falsified, for
if the general average of quality, or Itt us rather
say, appearance and beauty of the tubers was
not up to that of some previous years, yet was it
much higher than the promoters had been led to look
for. Roughness of skin, and even scab, is no detriment
to table quality, but certainly detracts somewhat from
the appearance of Potatos. Still, though these features
largely prevailed, there can be little doubt but that
tho£e who saw an International Potato Show for the
first time were amazed at the beauty evidenced and
delighted with the varied hues and forms displayed. The
tables for the show were on this occasion all ranged
beneath the lofty centre transept, and it" the space occu-
pied seemed less than usual, at least shorter ranges of
tables, so elegantly dressed with plants, proved most
convenient to the exhibitors, judges, and visitors. As
usual, the show attracted a considerable gathering of

the horticultural fraternity, as it is now regarded as one
of the most interesting events of the year.

Before entering upon a record of the classes and the
awards of the judges we must give due prominence to
the interesting fact that for the first time in the history
of the shows one exhibitor swept off the ist prizes in all
the chief classes— Mr. Hughes, gr. to Colonel Cart-
wright, Eydon Hall, Byfield, Notts, having taken, not
only the ist prizes in the classes for twenty-fuur, eighteen,
twelve, and nine kinds, but being also ist in one or
two smaller ones, and 2d in the six kinds, with
still other winnings. Literally, it has been a Not-
tinghamshire year. Mr. Hughes* exhibits were all
first-class, and as he showed some seven or eight
dozen dishes, his success shows him to be the
champion grower of the year. In the premier class
lor twenty-four kinds, nine tubers of each sort, and in
which Messrs. James Carter & Co., High Holborn, gave
the ist prize ot £\o, as we have said, Mr. Hughes was
ist ; Mr, Ellington, of Mildenhall, the champion of last
year, coming 2d ; Mr. W. Kerr, of Dungarvel. N.B.,
was 3d ; Mr. G. Allen, gr, to Sir F. Bnrdett, Ramsbury
Manor, Hungerford, a new and most promising exhi-
bitor, was 4th ; Mr. E. S. Wills, gr. to R. Startwright,
Esq., Edgcote Park, Banbury, was 5th ; and Mr. Thomas
Pickwoith, Loughborough, 6th. Very beautiful quality
and splendid form were seen in the best collections,
which seemed to include all the best kinds in cultivation
that are in commerce. A selection made from this class
shows, as amongst the very best and handsomest of their
sections the following sorts : — White rounds : School-
master, Porter's Excelsior, Bedfont Polific, Prime Minis-
ter, Sunrise, Fillbasket, Vermont Champion, Early
Border, Early Regent, Fidler's Prolific, White Emperor,
and Harvester. Of white kidneys: — International.
Snowdrop, Cosmopolitan, Recorder, Snowflake, Magnum
Bonum, Sanday's SeedHng, Woodstock Kiney, Edgcote
Seedling, Chancellor, and Alderman. Of coloured
rounds : — Reading Russet. Vicar of Laleham, The
Dean. Radstock Beauty. Adirondack, Blanchard, Match-
less, Peachbloom, and Grampian, Of coloured kidneys :
— Mr. Bresee, Cardinal, Edgcote Purple. Prizetaker, Sir
Garnet Wolseley, Mottled red : — Beauty of Hebron,
(Jueen of the Valley, American Purple, and Trophy. Car-
dinal, red kidney, and Edgcote Purple were Certificated.
last year, and both were seen in splendid form in several
collections. There were twelve lots in competition.
The class for eighteen varieties has long been regarded
as the Messrs. Sutton's, as they give all the prizes, but
limit the competition solely to gentlemen's gardeners.
Here Mr. J. Hughes was ist ; Mr. Holt, gr. to Major
Allfrey, Wokefield Manor, Mortimer, Berks, was 2d ;
Mr. Miles 3d, Mr. G. Allen 4th, and Mr. Jas. Lye, Mar-
ket Lavington, Wilts, 5th. The quality shown here was
of hardly so refined a form as seen in the previous com-
petition, but still the e.xhibits were most meritorious.
Nearly all the kinds shown are to be found in the list
given above. In the class for twelve kinds of Potatos
we find Messrs. Daniels Brothers, of Norwich, and
Messrs. Brinkworth, of Reading, amongst the donors
of prizes. There was here excellent competition
Mr. Hughes being 1st agam, Mr. Ellington coming
next, with rather smaller samples, but exceedingly pretty
ones; Mr. Pickworth was 3d, Mr. Lye 4th. and a ncA-
name, that of Mr. R. West, gr. to J. R. Wigram. Esq..
Northlands. Salisbury, 5th. The familiar kinds were in
this diss again to the front, as also were they in the
following class for nine kinds, in which all the prizes
were offered by Mr. C. Fidler, of Reading. Here Mr.
Hughes again took the lead, Mr. Tom Tooley, of Ban-
bury, O.xon, coming 2d ; Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, 3d ; Mr.
W. Kerr, who had in his collection the pretty Defiance
Kidney and a white round named Brownell's White,
was 4th ; another North-countryman, Mr. R. Iron-
sides, Keith Hall. Aberdeenshire, coming last, having
some beautiful samples of Grampian, Cosmopolitan,
Cromwell, and Lady Truscott. With six kinds Mr. Dean
was a good ist, having Mr. Bresee, Cosmopolitan. Vicar
of Laleham, Sunrise. SnowRake, and The Dean ; Mr.
Hughes coming 2d ; Mr. S. Stanton, Maidford. Towces-
ter, 3d ; Mr. Tom Tooley 4lh, and Mr. Kerr 5th.
The classes for three dishes of kinds in sections of shape
or colour were less well filled than usual, but others
of a similar kind for exhibitors who have not previously
taken a ist prize at these shows were productive of
considerable competition, as reported below. In the
open class for three white kidneys, Mr. Kerr was ist,
with King Offa (a very white kind), Pride of America,
and Myatt's Ashleaf ; Mr. Ellington, who was 2d, had
Magnum Bonum, Lord Beaconsfield, and International ;
aid Mr. Creed, Faversham, was next; Mr. J. Bloxham,
the Gardens, Brickhill Manor, Bletchley. was 4lh. With
three coloured kidneys Mr. Hughes was again to the
front with Edgcote Purple, Mr. Bresee. and Prize-
taker ; Mr. Kerr coming 2d. having a beautiful
di'ih of the mottled red and white kidney. Sir
Garnet Wolseley ; Mr. Ellington and Mr. Wills
coming 3d and 4th. Mr. Ellington was ist in the
class for three while rounds, Messrs. Hughes, Kerr,
and Pickworth following ; whilst in the class for three
coloured rounds Mr. Dean came ist, with Vicar of Lale-
ham, Matchless, and Reading Russet ; Mr. Wills coming
2d. Mr. EUington 3d, and Mr. Hughes 4th. The Messrs.
Sutton & Sons liberally offered all the prizes in four
single dish classes, twelve tubers, to be shown in this
case as under, all the kinds to be solely of English
origin. Any white round kind. — Mr. H. Howard, of
Bridge, Canterbury, was ist, with grand Schoolmaster ;
Mr. Lye coming next, with fine Porter's Excelsior ; Mr.
Ironsides following with Donaldson's Victoria alba, very
like Victoria ; and Mr. Scotchbrook, Whittlesea, 4th,
with Schoolmaster again. The best dish of red
rounds was from Mr. Howard also, who had fine
Vicar of Laleham ; Mr. R. Dean and Mr. Kirt-
land, Bletchington, O.xon, coming 2d and 3d, with

474

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[October ii, i8S/.

the same kind ; and Mr. Hughes coming 4th,
with large though rather rough Reading Russet.
A beautiful dish of International, shown by Mr. .Scotch-
brook, was the best white kidney ; Edgcote Seedling,
shown by Mr. Wills ; Cosmopolitan, by Mr. .Allen ; and
Woodstock Kidney, by Mr. Ironsides, following in that
order. Mr. Sidney Ford, Leonardslee, Horsham, had
the best coloured kidney in beautiful Prizstaker, Defi-
ance and Edgcote Purple following. In all the classes
the competition was excellent. Messrs. fames Carter
& Co. gave all the prizes in the class for the best
white kind put into commerce last winter, Mr. T.
McKinlay coming ist with a fine dish of Chancellor ;
Mr. Ross, Welford Park, Newbury, was 2d with Wel-
ford Park Seedling ; Mr. Dean followed again with
Chancellor, a very fine, handscme kidney ; and Mr.
Hughes came 4th with Fidler's Prolific, formerly known
as Beauty of Eydon. In a similar class for the best-
coloured Potato, Mr. C. FidtiT. of Reading, giving all
the prizes. Mr. R. Dean, Mr. Hughes, and Mr. Ross,
had fine examples of The Hero, Mr. Wills coming 4th
with Edgcote Purple.

We may add here that among others interested in
horticultural matters who gave special prizes in the
above classes were Mr. P. McKinlay, Mr. Shirley Hib-
berd, Mr. Wm. Earley, Mr. R. Dean, Messrs. Webb
& Sons, Stourbridge ; Messrs. Earr & Son, Covent
Garden ; Messrs. Thomas Gibbs & Co. , Down Street,
Piccadilly ; Mr. H. M. Pollet, Bickley ; and Messrs.
Hooper & Co., Covent Garden.

Classes were published lor seedling kinds, all of which,
before being eligible for awards, must, as is well known,
have been grown at Chiswick during the summer, and
where the awards are really made. There are no prizes
in these classes, but simply Certificates of Merit are
awarded. Chancellor, Harvester, round white ; and
London Hero, the latter not yet in commerce, a hand-
some pebble-shaped white, received Certificates to the
credit of Mr. R. Dean. M.P., a very fine cropping
white round, brought the same honours to Mr. Ross ;
and Substrata, a flatfish white kind, to Mr. Holmes .
Mr. Fenn, of Sulhampstead, was awarded a Certificate
for his handsome flat red kidney James Abbis, and Mr.
Ross also for his white kidney. Miss P'owler. Mr.
EUington received a similar award lor Ellingtonia, a
handsome red kidney streaked with purple. All these
kinds have been proved to be of first-class quality and
fine croppers. Of others that stood high up in the
number of marks were Rufus, flat red round ; Rosebud,
flat rose-coloured round, and Bedfont Rose, fine round
pale red kind, all raised by Mr. Dean. Bedfont Rose is
one of the best keeping Potatos yet raised. We must
add that Mr. Hughes worthily took a Certificate for his
handsome while kidney, Pride of Eydon. '

ExTKA Classes of Potatos, for those who have
not taken a ist prize at an International Potato show. —
For the best three dishes of while round Potatos, of
which there were many competing lots, ist, Mr. E. '
Chopping, Milton, Siuingbourne ; 2d, Mr. G. .\\\e.n,
with Porter's Excelsior, Schoolmaster, and First and
Best, in both lots ; 3d, Mr. Jas. Lye, Market Lavington ;
4th, Mr. W. Skarrot, gr. to Miss Harrison, Maidenhead
Thicket, Bucks. For coloured rounds.— ist, Mr. G.
Kiikland, Bletchington, 0.xon, with Reading Russet,
Vicar of Laleham, and Adirondack ; 2d, Mr. J. Lye,
with Beauty of Kent, Blanchard, and Vicar of Laleham ;
3d, Mr. W. Skarrot ; 4lh, Mr. G. Allen, gr. to Sir F.
Burden, Ramsbury Manor. For three dishes of white
kidneys.— ist, Mr. W. Skarrot, with Magnum Bonum,
International, and Cosmopolitan ; 2d, Mr. G. Allen, with
Woodstock Kidney, Snowdrop, and Edgcote Kidney ;
3d, Mr. E. Chopping ; 4th, Mr. R. West, gr. to J. R
Wigram, Esq, For three dishes of coloured kidneys.—
ist, Mr. R. West, with Sutton's Prizetaker (very fine),
American Purple, Mr. Bresee ; 2d, Mr. Rogers, Syer
House, Wittlesey, with Cornwall Be.auiy, Beauty of
Hebron, and Trophy ; 3d, Mr. G. Allen ; 4th, Mr. W.
Skarrot. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, offered prizes
for the best four dishes of Potatos put in commerce by
them, twelve tubers of each, distinct. This competition
was open to noblemen's and gentlemen's gardemrrs, and
the awards were made by three gentlemen's gardeners who
were not competitors. The ist prize was adjudged to Mr.
J. Hughes, gr. to Colonel Cartwright, E)don Hall, Byfield,
Notts, his kinds being 'Woodstock Kidney, of fine size and
quality ; Sutton's Reading Russet, First and Best, and
splendid Prizetaker kidneys ; 2d, Mr. C. Osman, with
Reading Hero, Early Regent, Reading Rus.sct, and
FiUbasket ; 3d, Mr. G. Allen ; 4th, Mr. Lazell, gr. to
R. Hartland, Esq., Phipps Bridge, Merton! Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, Reading, showed thirty-nine varieties of
Seedling Potatos, not yet in commerce, that show capital
qualities of form, colour, and siz:>, of which Fox's Sced-
Img and Magnum Bonum have been the parents. Seed-
lings numbered 216 and 220 were certificated. The same
growers showed an excellent collection of forty-six sorts
named, both in rounds and kidneys, andanother collection
of fifty-lour kinds, in which those of American origin pre-
dominated. From the Bedfordshire Experimental Gar-
dens, Girtford. Sandy, came many of Laxton's hybrids,
fine quality being conspicuous in most, the parents being
generally Myatts Prolific, Early Border, and Magnum
Boiium. Mr. Fidler, Reading, had eighty-two dishes of
capital tubers of Sutton's, Fidler's, and American raising.
Messrs. Harrison ii Sons, seed growers, Leicester,
showed tubers in quantities of such kinds as Inter-
national, Bresee's Pei-riess, White Elephant, Pride of
America, Woodstock Kidney, Red Emperor, Grampian,
Reading Hero, St. Patrick, Mr. Bresee, Wormleighton
Seedling, Centennial, and others of good quality— in all
fifty-two kinds. Messrs. Carter & Co. showed large
heaps of Early Rose, Early Ashleaf, Magnum Bonum,
Beauty of Hebron, Schoolmaster, and several more well
known, esteemed and trustworthy sorts.

STATE OF THE U'EATllEIi AT BLACk'HEATH, LONDON

For the Week F.nding Wednesday, October 8, iBS.).

Ilygromc-

trical ric-

Bakometer

Te.mterature of
THE Air.

dilutions

from
Glaiiher's

Wind.

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Tables 61I1

a

Edition

J

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£

a

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s

o

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ti

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g

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i lO^s

&i

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CO* 1- «„

!B

3

5

m

II

1

a'~

Oct.

In. In. .

.'.!.

. i . i 1

In.

2

39 S3 +0.14605

42 0

18.5

53.3

-i9'46.6! soi;,!,-,

0 04

3

3000 +03160.3

,8,3

,2.0

53 0

- 0-9 42.3: 67 {'^'-^x^-^;

0 00

4

3038 +o69S() 1)

40.5

18.5

496

- 3.9 43.3 79 j.N.NW.0.00

S

3043

+07460.6

43-i

17.1

Si.o

— 2243 4 78 IN N.E.0,00

6

30 3|

+9S6!s9S

48.3

II. 2

53.7

+ 0849.4 85 j N.E. [0.04

7

!9.f9

+020O1.0

S..5 9.5

S4 8

+ 2248.9] 79

E. KE 0.02

8

39 54

-0.1458.5

45-0; 13.5

SI.O

— 1.3

4.9; 80 {

vv. n\v " '^

Mean

3004

+03659.9

45.614.3

52.2

+ 10

45.5 78

variable 0 i8

Oct.

2. — Misty in early morning ; slight showers during the

day. Fine clear moonlieht night.
3.— Fine day and night.
4.— Very fine day and night. Eclipse of the moon from

S.15 r.M. to 11.49 ^ '^t-
S-— Fine day and night, dull, and mostly overcast.
6.— Fine, dull day and night; frequent slight shiwers

of rain.
7. — Dull, and very windy mostly.
8. — Fog in early morning ; fine bright day. Moon

occasionally seen at Light.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 4, the reading of the barometer
increased from 30,03 inches at the beginning of the
week to 30.09 inches by 9 A. M. on the 2Sih, decreased
to 30.07 inches by 2 r.M. on the same day, increased
to 30.22 inches by midnight on September 29,
decreased to 30.04 inches by 9 A.M., and increased to
30.17 inches by midnight on October I, decreased
to 29 95 inches by midnight on the 2d, and was
30.66 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the tiarometer for the week
was 30.18 inches, being 0.16 inch higher than last
week, and 0.29 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 63°.5 on September 30, the
highest on October 4 was 59°. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 61°. 5.

The lowest temperature was 40°. 5 on October 4 ;
on September 29 the lowest temperature was 55°.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
47"l3.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
I9".3, on September 30; the smallest was 7°.2 on
September 29. The mean of the seven daily ranges
was 13° 9.

The mean temperatures were — on September 2S,
5S°.9 ; on the 29ih, 57°.5 ; on September 30, 53''.7 ;
on October I, 55°.4; on the 2-), 52°.3 ; on the 3d,
53° ; on the 4th, 49°. 6 ; of these September 2S to
September 29, and Ocloiier i, were above their aver-
ages by 4°. 4, 3". I, and 1°, the rest were below by o°.6,
r 9, 6°. 9, and 3°. 9 respectively.

The mean temperature lor the week was 5.t°.3,
being 2°.3 lower than last week, and o°.2 above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays o( the sun
was lo6°.5, on October I, The mean of the seven
daily readings was 98'.7.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 29°. 5, on October 4.
The mean of the seven readings was 38^.1.

Rain. — Rain fell on four days to the amount of
o. 16 inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
October 4, the highest temperatures were 70°, at
Leeds, 69°.6 at Cambridge, 68°. 2 at Brighton ; the
highest at Plymouth was62°.S, at Wolverhampton 63°. 2,
at Blackheath 63°.5. The general mean was 65''.9.

The lowest temperatures were 32°.!, at Notting-
ham, 35° at Cambridge, 37° at Truro; the lowest
at Brighton was 46°.S, at Liverpool 44°.4, at Preston
44°. The general mean was 39". 5.

The greatest ranges were 34",6 at Nottingham,
33°.6 at Cambridge, 31° at Leeds ; the smallest ranges
were 2i°.4, at Brighton, 2i°.5 at Preston, 2i°.9 at
Liverpool. The general mean was 26^4.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro and Cambridge, 64".!, at llriglilun
62*.5 ; and was lowest at Bollon, 57°.7, at Liver-
pool 5S°.2, and at Wolverhampton 58°.4, The general
mean was 6o°.7,

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 50°, at Bristol 49°, at Plymouth
48.2 ; and was lowest at Wolveth.impton, 42°.5, at
Nottingham 44°, at Bolton 44°.3. The general mean
was 46" 4.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
IS .9, at Nottingham i6'.9, at Leeds i6'.6 ; and was
lea^st at Liverpool, io°.4, at Bristol and Preston
11°. 8. The general mean was 14°. 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
55'. I, at Truro 54°.6, at Blackheath 54^.3 ; and was
lowest at Wolveihampton, 49°. 3, at Bolton 49°. 9, at
Nottingham 5i°.3. The general mean was 52".5.

Rain. — The largest falls were o 99 inch at
Preston, 0.59 inch at Bolton, o 37 inch at Liver-
pool ; the smallest falls were o.oi inch at Cambridge,
o 05 inch at Sheffield, o 06 inch at Leeds. The
general mean fall was 0.2:; inch.

Scotland : Temperature.— Ttvumg the week end-
ing October 4 the highest temperature was 61°, at
Paisley ; at Greenock the highest was 57°. The
general mean was 59°. S.

■The lowest temperature was 40°. 8, at Aberdeen ; at
Paisley the lowest temperature was 45°.!. The
genera! mean was 43°.

The mean tempeiature was highest at Leilb, 52°.4,
and lowest at Greenock, 49^.9. The general mean
was 51°. 2.

Rain. — The largest fall was 2 47 inches, at
Greenock, and the smallest fall was 0.43 inch, at
Aberdeen. The gencr.ii mean fall was 1.04 inch.

lA.MES GLAISHER, F.K.S.

" He that ^ussHomik much shall learn w;/fA."— Bacon,

Water Moss.--^Ty pond is full of a weed, of which
I cnclo!-e specimens [Fontinalls antipvretica]. I have
had it raked out, and keep swans, but 1 cannot keep the
weed doivn. What else can I do? L.

Answers to Correspondents.

American Society : Miss A. \V. D., BrookUnc, Mass.
The name is that of the Society of the dibirict in whith
the show was held.

Bekry : IV. S. P. The word "berry" has a distinct
technical meaning besides its popular one. We tukc
it the word is used in your case in the popular sense.
If so, it includes all iruits or seed-vessels which ore
fleshy or pulpy in consistence, whclht-r edible or not.

Rracken : X To plant lo acres of land with Bracken
would r:rquire you to pbnt the rhizomes or root-
stocks of old plants at intervals of 5 or 6 ftet all over
the surface, and trust lo chance seedlings, and the
growth of the old roots, to cover the soil. The land
ought to be light and suitable for Ferns, cr they will
make but poor progress, as old Ferns do not bear
moving with impunity.

Composition' for Trees Against Kavagf.s by
Vermin : T, H'vunc. Nathaniel Ahibotler, 50,

Shore, Leith.

Dahlia Picta FORMOSissBtA : X. V. There is
nothing unusual in this, for the genus is very variable,
an aitiibute that has given us many good blooms.

Fungi: <-/. B. S., Edinburgh. It is necessary that
fungi for naming should be sent perfectly fresh and
unmuiilalcd, not putrid, like the.5e examples. No. i
ni ly be the fungus you name, Agaricus campestris ; 2,
some Lepiota, possibly Agaricus cristatus ; 3 and 4,
sprcios of Coprinus, now little more than an inky fluid.
— C. WarxL'ick. A small specimen of Lyco(:crdon
giganteum. When young, fresh, and snow-white in
colour, it is delicious and wholesome fned in thin
slices.

Meaia- Bug on the Vine : E. D. E. As you have
tried parafim and fail to keep the insect under, why
not try the older remedy of painting the Vines wiih
drit'd and powdered clay, mixed to llie consistency of
paint with gas-tar, applied warm at the winter dressing,
after a thorough washing and scraping off the loote
bark ?

Names of Fruit : J. L. D. Lord Grosevenor. —
/'. Thirlby. Peacli Lord Palmcrston, not always
good ; Princess of Wales is as late, and a better fruit.
No October Peaches are good in all years. — J. 6miih,
Castle Millwood. By taking no note oi our rule 10
name only six sorts you Imve put us to much truub'c
and expense. Pears: i. Napoleon ; 4, Automnc Uet-
g.unotlc ; 2, 3, 37,45, (Jlou Mor^cau ; 10, Beurre de
Capiaumont; 15. 43, 44,50, Marie Louise ; 13, Flemish
Beauty ; 29, 30, 52, Viear of WinkOeld ; 9, 19,
Beurre d'Amanlls ; 24, 54. Louise Bonne of Jersey ; 48,
Fondante d'Automne ; 16, Comtc de Lamy ; 51,
(Jansell's Bergamotle; 12, Kaster Beurre; 5, 7, 39,
Duchesse d'Angouleme ; 6, Passe Colniar ; 2^, Cat-l-
lac ; 47, Beurr(^ Die! ; 57, Beurie Ranee ; 42 and -16,
quite decayed. — IK. S, Doivson. Jefferson Plum. —
D. Donald. Maiden's Blush. — //. L. E. i. Winter
Majctin ; 3, Jacques Lebel ; 4, Micks' Fancy. Ptars :
I, Beurre Kance ; 2, llmirre d'Avemberg. — E. Bur-
l-cry. I, probably Bedfurdbhire Foundling ; 3, Winter
(Jodlin ; 4. Hamblcdon Dcux-ans ; 5, Margil ; 6,
Braddick's Nonpareil. — 5/. Ltonardi, i, .], laurre

October ii, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

475

Hardv ; 3, Emile d'Heyst ; 5. AUhorp Cr.issane ; 6,
Knight's Monarch ; 2, not known.—/,. HariUy. i,
Old Crassane ; 2, Beiine d'Ainanlis ; Apple, Tibbel's
Pearmain.— /'(.•rc_v Ifit't'am. i, Lane's IMnce Albert ;
2, HanwcH Souring ; 5. Gloria Mundi, highly coloured ;
6, Golden Winter Pearniain ; others not recognised.

Names of Plants : G. Paul. Nicandra physaloides.
W. Leivis. Pyrcthrum uUginosum. — J. A. i,
variety of common Laurel ; 2, CoroniUa Kmerus ; 3.
Coloneaster frigida ; 4, Ainpelopsis hcderacea ; 5,
Cuprcssus Lawsoniana ; 6, Thuia occidentalis. — Fair-
port. Without label, dark-cenlrcd scales, Lastrea
dilalata ; 2, Lastrea spinulosa —not characteristic ; 3,
Lastrea Kilix-mas — a small specimen of the var. incisa ;
1.(2, 143. Athyrium t'ilix fccmina, ordinary forms.—
O. D. Onoclea sensibilis. — G. H. Osmunda regalis
cristatn. — Biickhfiii. i, Atropa Belladonna ; 2, Cle-
thra alnifolia ; 3, Verbascum Thapsus ; 4. Commelyna
ccclestis ; 5, Fuchsia niagellanica ; 6, Acanthus spino-
£us ; 7, not known ; 8, Pyrethrum lacustre.

Peach Stone and Vine Rod : Deodar, We cannot
say with certainty that the results would be as staled,
although it is probable that a branch of a Vine stuck
in the soil in Queensland would bear fruit the third
year ; the other case is less likely unless worked on an
older stock.

Pinks : E. F, G. Flowers poor in form, and the colour
that of Anne Boleyn. Their duration of bloom is their
onlv recommendation.

Single Marigold
border tlowers.

Messrs. Garraway. Very pretty

ToMATOS : James Parker. The foliage is very thin,
and seems to be scalded by the sun shining on thcni,
possibly when in a wet state.

Vines Diseased : A Constant Reader. Your Vines
show undoubted traces of Pliyiloxera ; in fact a few
shrivelled insects were found on tlie roots forwarded.
Take them out of the soil as thoroughly as you can,
and burn every particle of the \'ine. Send us all
particulars as to where you obtained the Vines, how
cultivated, in what soil, and how long the \'ines have
shown symptoms of something having affected them,
and also send larger roots, packed in damp moss to
prevent drying up.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

G. Cooi>ING & Son, Rath— Fruit Trees, Roses, &c.
Rodger, M'Clelland& Co., Newry — Hardy Peren-
nials, Grasses and Alpines, Aquatics, &c.
Mr. C. Tuknek, Slough — Roses, Fruit Trees, Trees

and Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks.
Damman & Co., Portici, Naples — Seeds, Wholesale

LisL
S. Dixon & Co., Hackney— Chrysanthemums.
Wrench & Barnes, Woodbridge— One Man Cross-cut

Saws.
John Waterer & SoN.s, Bagshot— Rhododendrons,

Trees, &c.
H. Cannell & Son, Swauley, Kent— Flowers and

Bulbs.
W. KUMSEY, Wallhani Cross— Rose. Fruit, and other

Trees ; Shrubs.

Communications Received: — A. R.— N. L. — J. B. — H —
W. F., l>Ieof Man (next week).-H. H. D'O.— W.-C. R.—
T. S~MrsSTS. button.— J. C. T. -Li'tle & BatUntyne.—
H. M. P.-F. T.— j. V. & Sans. -J. H. (next week) —
A. R. L. (next weeks— R. E. (n?.xt weeV) — A. Franci?.—
T. Short.— A. A. H.— R. R, W.—Fhilomelos -Messrs.
Carter & Co -'■ Sirebor.'-W. P.-J. T -W. W. & S.-
RobertsoD Mimro.— J. Gordon.— H. E.— W. G. S.— Wilham
Earley. — F. \V. r.u.bklge.-H. T. S.-W. J. M.— Wili
Rose.— W. — J. P.^R. F.— F. Tafual.-W, Farkei.—
P.&S.

IB'arlvCts.

COVEN'I GARDEN, October 9.

M AUKET well supplied with all classes of goods, prices
remaining with little or no alteration. A large arrival of
Si. Michael's Pines this week. James Webber, Whole-
sale A ppie Market.

Fruit. — Averagb Wholbsalb Pbichs.

Apples, 5^-sieve ..
Cobs p^r too lb. . .
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case . .
Meloas, each

s.d. s.d.

16-40
55 0-57 6
06-40

s. d. s d.

Pine-apples. Eng,, lb. 40-50
Peaches, per doz. .. 30-80
Pears, French, doz. 10-20
Piaes, St. Michael's,

»ach . . ..30-60

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz, . . ..30-40

Beans, French, lb. 04-..

Beet, per doz, . . 10-..

Cabbages, per doz.., 16-20

Carrots, per bun, .. 06- ..

Cauiltiowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 10-26

Celery, per bundle. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Horse Radish, per

bundle .. ..30-40

s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. o 2- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . o 6 ■ . .

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch., o 4- ..
Peas, English, quart 26-..
Radishes, per do?. .. 16-..
Sniail salading, per

punnet . . ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-10
Turnips, bun. . . 05- . .

PoTATOS. — Magnum Bonums, 501.1070^. ; Regents, 70^. to 8^5.
per ton. Trade very quiet,

Plants in Pots — Avrt

s. d. s. d.

Aralia SieboMi, doz. 6 0-24 o

Arbor-vita: (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
A-iters, per dozen . . 30-60
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bjuvardia, dozen .. 9 o-iS o
Chrysanlh. , dozen .. 40-90
Cockicombs, dnz. .. 26-40
Colcus, v.icious, doz, 3 o- g o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doi...3o 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz-.i? 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz, 9 0-18 o
E uony mus. various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in v.ir.,
per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o

AGE Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.

Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o

Ficus elasiica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..a 0-10 o

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60

Hydrangea, per dor. 9 0-18 o

Lilium laixifolinm,
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— auratum, t\ni. la 0-24 o

Margiierite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o

Mignonette, per doz. 30-60

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-ia o

Palms iu variety,
each .. ..a 6-ai o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 30-60

Solauums, dozen .. 9 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.—.

Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 13 blms. 3
Asters, 12 bucches.. 3
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 4
Carnations, is bitns. i
Chrysanth., 13 bun. ^
— large, 12 blooms 3
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Dahltas, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12

bunches .. ..2

Gardenias, la blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes .. ..I

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms .. ..2

Average Wholesale Prices,
d. s. d.

Lapageria, red, 12

blooms . . . . I

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3
Mignonette, la bun. i
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. .. o

Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 2
Roses (indoor), doz. i

— (outdoor), 13 bun. 4

— coloured, doz. .. 4
Stephanoti-, 12 spr. 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 1
Tropa;olum. 12 bun. t
Tuberoses, per doz. . o
Violets, 12 bun, . . o

— Parme, Fr., bun. 3
White Jasmine, per

buEch .. .. 0

0-40
0-60
0-60
6-26
9-10
0-60
0-20

0-40
0-60
0-60

0-60
0-60

6-10

, 3 o

0-20
0-60
0-40

6- I o
0-16
0-60
0-40
0-12 o
0-90
0-80
6-40
0-20
6-10
9- I 3
c- 4 o

6-10

SEEDS,

London : October 8. — Tiicre were very few buyers on
the seed market to-day, with but little business doing.
The demand for seeds required for autumn sowing is
now nearly over, whilst as regards the wants of next
spring no enquiry has yet arisen. Winter Tares are in
somewhat inipro\ed request at steady rates. There is
no change in either Mustard or Rape seed. As regards
bird seeds values are weak. Haricot Beans continue
cheap. Blue Peas move oft' slowly on former terms. In
Linseed the tendency is upwards. Johri Shaw &* Sans,
Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday English Wheat met a slow
sale at the rates current a week ago ; for foreign the
demand was dull, prices sliowtng no appreciable change
from those of the previous Monday. Flour was held lor
late values, but buyers very scarce ; malting Barley was
rather firmer, but not in much demand ; grinding sorts
found a very strong niarket and were pretty generally is
dearer on the week ; Maize showed an advance of 6d. ;
Uats have risen to the same extent. Foreign Beans were
in heavy supply, and brought prices down is. to is. 6d.
per quarter ; Peas were unchanged. — Wednesday's
Wheal trade was dull and the business done too small
to establish quotations. Flour continued dull, with
quotations nearly nominal. Barley was steady in value ;
Maize, willi a light supply, was firm ; Oats were firm, but
without much business ; Beans and Peas remained un-
altered.— .\vcrage prices of corn for the week endmg
Oct. 4 ;— Wheat, 32J. ^d. ; Barley, 31^. gd. ; Oats, igt.
For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 401.
2d. ; Barley, 34-r. ; Oats, 19;. iid.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday tliere was a full
supply of native cattle. Prime and choice qualities
cleared off early at steady value. Second qualities and
rough cattle sold badly, at very irregular prices.
Increased supplies of sheep tnet a slow trade without
change in the value of British. Foreign calves showed
reduced rates. — Quotations :— Beasts, 4J. to 51. 2/., and
^s. 6d. to 5^. 10.^, ; calves, 3.C. 8*/. to 5^. Bd. ; sheep,
5^. to 5^. 4(/., and 5^. lod. to 6s. ^d. ; pigs, 4^. to 4s. 6d.
— Thursday's trade was dull and weak. Beasts sold at
rather less money than on Monday, and sheep dropped
in value. There was a fair demand for calves, and pigs
were dull.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitcchapcl Market report states that trade
was exceedingly dull, wilh a fair supply. Quotations ;^
Prime old Clover, 95J, to 1121. ; interior, 60s. to 75J. ;
prime second cut, gos. to 112s. ; best meadow hay, iios.
to 95J-. ; inferior, 40s. to 65J. ; and straw, 30J. to 375. per
load. — On Thursday there was a large supply on offer,
but the trade was very dull at late prices. — The Cumber-
land market report states that there was a large supply
with a slow demand, at the following prices : — Clover,
best, loos. to ioSj-. ; inferior, 70^. lo Sot. ; meadow
hay, best, 80s. to 901. ; inferior, 601^. to jos, ; and straw,
28s. to 34J. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that there were fair supplirs and quiet trade, wilh prices
tolerably steady. Quotations : — Kent Regents, 60s. to
70!^. ; Essex iShaws, 5oi. to 65^, ; Magnum Bonums, 45J.
to 70J. ; Victorias, 70s. to Sos. ; and Champions, 451. to
60s. per ton. — The imports into London last week were
2921 bags from Hamburg, 230 Rotterdam, 63 tons Port-
mieux, and 78 sacks from St. Nazaire.

STANDEN'S

MANURE.

ESTABLISHED 20 YEARS.

This old-established Manure is acknowledged by most
of the leading practical Gardeners in the United King-
dom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general
f(.rlilising properties and staying powers. It promotes a
rapid, licaltiiy, and robust growth lo plants generally.
For \'incs it cannot bo too highly recommended, and
this fact is fully sustained from the result obtained by its
use in tlie hands of some of the most successlul Grape-
growers. It is a clean and dry powder, wilh very little
smell, whicli renders it particularly adaptable for ladies
interested in plant culture.

The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render
its money value, in comparison wilh other Manures, at
Ic.ist double, as users will find that very small quantities
will produce favourable results.

Sold jn TINS, Is., 2g. 6d., 53. 6d., and
iCs. 6cL eacli; and iu BAGS, at reduced
prices, 28 lb., 12s. 6d. ; 56 lb. 23s. ; 112 lb ,
423 each.

A/ay be ohtahtcd from tnost k?!070u Seedsmen in the United
Kingdom and the Colonics.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS—

RRY, 80PER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offlcos and Show Rooms, 18, FINSBURY STREET, E.G. ;

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

By Fcnnission of the Hon. Board of Ciis/oms

DUTY FREE.

TOBACCO PREPARATIONS

For Horticultural Use.
NICOTINE SOAP.

(PATENT.)

An EfTfectual and Speedy Eradicator of

Scale, Thrips, Greenfly, Mealy-bug, Ked-spider,

American Blight, and all Parasites affecting

Plants, without Injury to Foliage.

The Manufacturers ]i:\ve great pleasuie in biii^if'S t'- i^ie
notice of Horiicultiirists genei.itly this valuable i>reparoiiii''ii, ihe
basis of which is N c Jtine, or ihe Oil of Tubicc^, with which is
blended other essential ingredients, to lender it av.nlable as a
Reneral INSECTICIDE that may be used as a W.ish or Dip
lor ou: or indoor plants. It is well known that Tobacco, in
various ffiriiiF, is resorted to as one of the best remedies for
Cleansing Pjants of Parasites, but owing to the high Dnty of
3J. 6d. per pound, it has been too expensive for general use.

Sold in Jars, 8 oz., i^. 6d. ; so cz., 3J ; and in Tins, 14 ib,,
i5f. 61^. ; and Drum?, 28 lb., 25^.; 561b., 50^,; ii? lb , 951.
Full directions for use upon each package.

And 2 oz. Sample Jars, 6d. each.

*' LONDON " TOBACCO POWDER.— This pre-

paration consists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely ground,
and mixed with other ingredients of an essen'ial cliaiacter.
Pries, in Tins, i lb., is : 3 lb , 2^. 6/. ; and 5 lb., 4(. ; or,
in liu'k, £2 L2S. per cwt.

** LONDON" aOBACCO JOICE (Free of

Duty). — ManufacLured fn.ni btrotig American Leaf
Tobacco, and highly Concentrated. Sold in Bottles, is.,
pints; IS. gi., quarts; 2.f. 6d., hilf-galN. ; and 4s. galls.
Or in Caski of 10 galls, upwards, at 2s. 6J. per gall.

AND THEIR IH'.HI.V KSTEEMUD

TOBACCO-PAPER, CLOTH, and COBD,

for FUMIGATING GREENHOUSES.

Sole Manufacturers:

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices accl SIiow Rooms, 18, FINSBURY STREET, E.C.

Manufactory and Bondec". Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E

476

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1884.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

41/. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),

Aos. ; 4-bushel baps, id. each,

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5J. id. per sack;
5 sacks. 25J. ; sacks, t,d, each,

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51, per sack, s sacks 221, ; sacks,
^d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, is. orf. per bushel; 151, per half
ton, 26s. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags. \d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, II. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. bd. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WriteloiFree
Price LIST.-H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Striet,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is, and 28. 6d. Sealed Bags, M cwt., Ss. ;
1 owt., 13s.

MANL. FACTUKIiD BV

W. H, Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co.. Ltd.,

18, Finsbury Street, E.G., and ShacJ Th.inies, London, S.E,
Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kingdom.
P'Ure Crushed UnboHed BONES, ajiy size, /or Vi?ie Borders.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full particulars, on amplication to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTOTf, LIVERPOOL.

UREKA INSECTICIDE,— The only In

secticide worth using. Kccommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. 1 he only Insecticide awarded Diploma.
Forestry F.vhihiiir.n. Edinburgh. -Wholesale Agents, CORKV.
SOPEk. FUWLER AND CO , Finsbury Street. London. E.C.

INSECTICJDE

(Soluble iuWaterl

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roats
or Foliag'e of Trees and Plint-^. Kills nil Vegetable Gr.ibs.
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Bligrht. Clears Gnipes
from Mealy Bug. i-e.. and makes a goo-1 Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemist'!, 1/6, 2/G, -1/6 a bottle. Per fjal-
lon 12/6, or le.ss in larger qitantities. A Treatise on "Fir Tr^-r
^"' " and its applicntinn. sent free nii rfceipl of ad-lres

Fie TREE OIL

on.-

Mamifactnrfr, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES', MANCHESTER
Wholesale from HoopRR & Co. : C'lur.Y, Sopkr, Ft)wiKR anl
Co.; C, E. OsMAM & Co. and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Hon.^e.s.

FOk

GLASS HOUSES

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convem-mt, Inexpensive. E;i^ily apj,lit.-d. L:isl8 nil Hie
Summer, and can then be eawily wa.slied off. Is,, post 1/3.

For Fixinj> Bloom in Azaleas, ij | | ^>|l CO?
&c., and for Cut Flowers. O U ^11 b W

FLORAL CEMENT.

A ETieat boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries
instantly. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. Per po.st, 3d. extra.

HUGHES' STYPTIC

For Preventing' Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very effectual in preventinf^ the flow of 8.ip in Vines being

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles, Cockrcachos, UIIPUCC
CricketH, Bugs, Fleas, Mosrjnitoa, &c. nUwHtO

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most effectual in Grconliouses, — for Animals and l!ed
Clothing. Price 6(1. , Is. &2s.6d. Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as a^lnsecticlde, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, 'V^SiJ^J^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET. MANCHESTER.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used byleading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Gteen Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in laiher from the cake against
American Blight, Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 31., aud lor. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Foxes, (>d, and is. from the Trad.-.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

BOULTON & PAUL,

NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS.

Conseivatories, Orcliid Houses, <Sc.

Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi-
tion or requirements, with curved or straight
glass as required.

Vmeries, Greenhouses, &o.

With all the latest improvements, best materials,
ventilation without draughts, and perfect

glazing.

Estimates and Lists tjost-free.

Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the
kingdom. References to every county in
England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates
prepared for any description of Horticultural
Building, Hothouses of any design estimated
for, and built of the best material and workman-
ship, with strict regard to economy in price.
New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps.

DEANE & CO.'S
CONSFPVAinfJIFf; Kj GRFENHnilSES.

Size.
Price

Price,

Th* piices Biven inci.ide I^KhCl \ I . t o \1 r ! 1- 1 t. w ih
all ntcejsary brickwork, &c., within 15 mdes of London
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY,
isft. bygft. .. 20 tt byj2f[. .. 25ft. by 15 ft.
£,0 .. C.\i loi. -- jtsS-

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSF..
10 ff. by 6 ft., 12 Tt. by 8 t't., 15 ft. by 10 fc, 20 ft. by 12 ft.
£,t() 105. £,2-^^ ii.(. _ .£29 loj. £,^0.

Proportionate prices foi other sires and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatoiies fiee.
THE
LOU OH nOROUGH
Hor-WATER APPARA-
TUS, conplete a.s ihown,
with 12 ft. of 4. in. Hot-water
Pipe, £i 41.

The Simplest, Cheapest,

;^:'^^;-'— and most Powerful Appa-
" ratns made. It requires

no buck setunK, no stokehole 3rd no hot-water fitter for fixing,
aud I'Urns mote than twelve hours without attention.

Price of Appaiatns for houses of anv sii-e on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE &
/^;s). LONDON

CO.
BRIDGE.

t'-"

Cucumber Frames.

f) H A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to
^' • draw speci.1l attention to ihtir Cucumber Fra mc«,
of which they always have a large slock, ready glazed and
painted. They arc made of the best niaieiials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England :— jC s. d.
.light frame, « [e" ^V ' [^^J ) Packing
Cases free

(3 'o
10 o

3 light frame, 12 feet by 6 feet

0-light frame, 74 feet by 6 feet

The glass is nailed and puttied m.

brick pus at propnttionately inw prices.

R. HALLIDAY andCO . Hoi hou^c Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticiiliur.il Woiks, Middleton, Manchester.

Lights and Irammg fcr

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees anil Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames.

333, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates glTcn for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.

Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber?, Westminster, S. W.

Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Orowmg House*,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.

London Office : Mansion Hou.se Huildiiigs, E.C.

RICHARDSONS

HORTICULTURAL
^\ BUILDINGS

^^

Fixed in any part of the

Kinfidoin with Hot water

1st Prize ^'~<3^ to ^ Apparatus ccmplele.

MedalB, ^^C/t!^o\
South Kcnelngton, ^-^.0^0*,^^^ CATALOGUE
Manchester, &o, ^^<J' ^^^

NORTH OF ENGLAND ^\tfr ^~-\^ ''"■
HORTICULTURAL WORK"!, ^^\J^O

DARLINGTON.

October ii, iSS.).

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

477

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIREWORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

WIREWOBK.

SUSPENDING BASKETS
FLOWER STANDS
WIRE TRELLIS
VINE TRELLIS
PEACH TRELLIS
ESPALIER
WALL WIRING
COVERED WAYS
GARDEN ARCHES
WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

WIREWOBK.

IRON and WIRE

HOT-WATER

ROSERIES
R03E TEMPLES
ROSE FENCES
ROSE TRAINERS

FENCING.

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

FENCING [,NG

STRAINED WIRE FENC-

WORK.

BOILERS, VARIOUS
HOT-WATER FITTINGS

ROSE SCREENS

BARI! WIRE FENCING

FOR

BALLOON TRAINERS

HURDLE FENCING

GREENHOUSES

WIRE NETTING

CONTINUOUS FENCING

CONSERVATORIES

PHEASANTRIES

DOG KENNEL FENCING

MANSIONS

AVIARIES

POULTRY FENCING

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

WINTER

COVERING FOR VINE BORDERS.

Illustrated CATALOGUES on application.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries. Stoves, Green house a, Peacli Houses. Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practicaJ utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very best. „ . , , . , .re

ConRervatOrles and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our hrm.
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Uelon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always m stock. , , t-- j

Plans, Esti}7tatei and Catalog-uesfree. Customers •waited on in any Pari of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GREENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS fiost-free on application.

W. C. SMITH & CO,

VICTORIA WORKS,

BUEY ST. EDMUNDS,
Manufacturers of Patent Metallic Non-conducting Glass Houses.

Iron Houses are much more durable, lighter,
and stronger than wood. Our system of
Glazing ensures a close joint, allows for
expansion, retains the heat, and prevents drip.
Photographs of extensive ranges and Conserva-
tories erected by us can be seen by arrange-
ment.

Heating Apparatus in all its Branches.
CATALOGUES and PRICE LISTS Free.

FI1&.NX PROTECTORS, CtTCTJMBEB and UELOK FRAMES, always in stock.
Horticultural Buildings of every description in Iron or Wood.

Price of Boiler
Heat of and 'set of
4-in. Pipe. Fillings.
50 feet jCs 10 o
II 6 15 o
.. 850
., 9 10 o
I, to IS o
II 12 5 o
.. 13 IS o
.1 15 10 o
.. 17 5 o
,1 ig 10 o
,, 32 10 o
shpit door and
fiie bars, three

THE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-tron, Solid, Waterway End Boiler,
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy of Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted.

Long.

A, iQ in.

B, 92 in. 300

C, 24 in. 400

D, a6 in. 500
£, 28 in. 600

F, 32 in. 700

G, 36 in. 850
H, 42 in. 1000
I, 48 in. 1250
T. 54 in. i6co
K, 60 in. 2000

• Comprises full size double furnace door,
regulator, ciankeJ de.nd plate, be.triiig bars,
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience :— " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite.

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LIITLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
fuimel running up just outside the glass. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, so feet siie, £,i,\'~,\ roofeet size, ;£5 15J.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS.

Horticultural Heating Engineers, SouthamptozL

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,

to be the most ecottomtcaloffuel, the most powerful , the simplest,

and ike cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and pajrticulars from

WRIGHTS BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. Elackfrlars Koad, London, S.E.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS,

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS,

which are Specially adapted' for Heating Greenhouses, Conser*

vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance

Halis, Warehouses, Workshops, &c.

They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable

0/ ttJiy extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heatintf
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Au:irdedto it at the F<>yal Horticultural Society's Exhibition,
South Ken in^ton, London, onjune 3 188:.

fromtel:vation

.o^iciiuDtHAL SECTION criosi SCCriJM

The Journal of Horticulture of June g says ; —
" Ke ,TJNG Ai'i'AK *'i !. b — A gie ii nuii.ber ot boilers, valves,
&c , were txhibi.ed by eitht cimpeiitors, und con i-ltrablc iii
le^f^t w IS m inifeste-i in ihe veidict of the judges, and much
difCusMon was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
nf the diflerent boi'ers. Ih; appa-atus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the f-jrm of a letter X,
but the tubes in ot;ec (oim, in (he crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the bi>iltr expressed a favourable
upinion of if. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wii h-
out being complex, the tatter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges,"

The Garden of June 11 says : —
"The premier pi-ize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for iheir new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high, 1 1 is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption
of fuel."

De>;criptive Illustrattd Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for all kinds of Healing Apparatus, and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized iron Ciiterns, from 4<^. to is. 6d. per gallon.

478

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 18S4.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS.

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

ana LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

^^rr^N^"

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Word ar.d lion.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE.
luith Prices. Poit-/iee.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Eslimales for
e.ery description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and ser.d competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW KOCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, EunhiU
Row, and 35, Poultry, (.hcipside, E.C.

Illuslratea I.i^ts of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preservine Ironwork, Wood, or Slouc.
^Registered Trade Mark )

PI

^f

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil p;iint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty ytars ago by the Advertisers, cind
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. If is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s hd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or \s. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Piercefield Park, June 21. 1876. — Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varni=h as the last we
had, which I cnndidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Paik, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfullv. Wm. Cox."

Caution —HwA. & Smith would particularly wam their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s VarnLsh has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the knigdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly ir.creasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance G.iies, ftc, sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierlcy Hill Ironworks. Staflfordshire ;
iiS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and ig6, St. Vinceul
Street, Glasgow,

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. - All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed B3gs, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines. ,and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and ■;, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

T A N N E D NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

1 yards wide, \Y^d.. ami \ yards wide, -^d. per y.ard run.
SCTlm, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and shading Greeiihnuses, (rotn Ql'^d. per yard and upwards,

Russia Mats, Raila Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundiics at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

ECONOMIC GREENHOUSE HEATING.

"Crescent Piping."

The " CRESCENT" is equal to 6-in- oidinary pi,.ing as re-
g.yds healing surface. whUe its special shape reduces the ainou -t
01 water, and consequently the heating power, to a mii/unum,
and enables an oil lamp to per-^orm the work which would teqiiii e
a good sized coke stove with the ordinary system of hot-water
pipmg. ., ,-, ,, —

'^ * " Crescent Greenhouse Heaterp,

No. I. —One 6-ft. length, lamp to run la hrs . ^^r.

No. 2. — Two 6-ft. lengths ,. ,, i5hrE..70J.

No. 3.— Three 6-ft. ,, , ,, 15 hrs , 901.

Screms and Piping Jor uncomumed pr/ ducts 0/ cnmbustlivt

provided; Packing included. The Trade Supplied,

T. CHRISTY & CO., 155, Fenchurcli Street. EC.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

and Quickest

4-m Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeot long, 4J. 3,/. eacl' ;

4-iu. SoiJcet Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4X. hd. each.

Price List 031 applicd,tiaK.

S~T O V E S.

Tcrra-Cotta !
For Cl

KOBBBIS'S

Portable !
oal I

PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about it/,,
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. I\imphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THO.MA.S ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
CABSQN'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MA J E S T Y,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS. THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15,000 OF THE NoBrLITY, GENTRY, AND ClERGY.

Is exlensivdv used for all kinds of

OXJTDOOK WOKK, C0NSEKVAT0EIS3,
Greenhouses, Frames

CAN UH LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Ck'/., and Oil Mixttcre, Free to all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testiiiiojiials, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGF. YARD, LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON. E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for Cash.

.gifl.£AJUA&

ROBUer'B Garaan Edging Tllea.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

-L are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially jr:«ar^-
suited for KITCHEN '^— -
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
^^ ^^ further labour or expense, _ - -

as do grown " Edgings, consequently beinj' much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,m Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Biackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Kingsland Road. E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, HaMs, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Oaths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Pavine_ of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in creat variety. Slates, Cement, &c

F, ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SAND,

Price, by pofit, per Ton

SILVER
fine or coarse grain as desired,
or Truckload, on Wliarf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowe.^t rates ia any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.-Addres^tssee.ibove.

N.E. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in loo and 2^0 feet boxes,
3ds ar,d 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ol 15-02. glass in
£oo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber GLisses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. John's Street, West SmltLfleld, London, EC

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM Sc. SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
17 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-oi.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large si2es in all qualities for culting-up
purposes, in 20C-ft. and ;ioo-fl. cases.

tinder the PatronaBe of tlie Queen.
SMITH'S I MPK KISH.'VBLE
STRATKO.tiD LABELS.

J.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factoiy, Stratford-on-Avon.

ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,

Virgin Cork, RafHa, Mats. Bamboo Caoes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, pp. Lower Tnames Si., London, E.C.

LAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S

WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictori.al, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane. Liverpool.

aiLVER SANOT^oarse, Sussex and Bed-

k_7 fordshire : Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM of the best
quality by truckload, ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices.
Low rates to London and to all parts.— W. SHORT, Honi-
ciiltural Coiupanv. Midhurst, Sussex — Evtablii-hed 1S62.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GHNERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,

Yorkshire.

BI^AKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Keglstorea Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to tile Sole Manu''acturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL.

INDIAN muslin:

A perfectly Pure Cream-coloured Cotton Muslin.
(25 inches wide), useful for

45 yards SHADING, 50 yards for .2r. W..

or6r.6^, DRESSES, free per P.ncils

p::.i'r'e"cTptof CURTAINS, ^°=':rpota!

Postal Order. BLINDS, Order.

DRAPERIES <&c.

Send Stamped Envelope /or Patterns,

JOHN KAY & SONS,

BURNLEY WOOD MILLS, BURNLEY.

UUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,

^ Threadneedie Street. E.C. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;

Oxford Street (corner ol Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Establi'-hed 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.

T.arce bonuses. Immediate srttlement of claims.

REVUE de riiORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review), —Among the principal Contributors are :— A. AUard,
E. Andre. C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci6pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jongc van Kllcmcct, O. de Kerchove de
Dcnterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies. B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Ilidle, J. v-an Volxem.
H. J. Veiich, A. Westmacl. and P. Wolkcnstcin.

1'his illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts of 34 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
III., payable in advance.

Publishing OlTicc : 143, Rue de Bnixelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-oflice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
ftt the Chief Po:^t-olTicc, Ghent.

October ii, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

479

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'AKBORI CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, €t de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A mnmhly horticultural woik, with superb Coloured
Plates and llhistratioii^i. Published biiice i£65, by F. Bukvk-
KicH, F. Paynaekt, E. RoDiGAs, aod H. J. van Hulls,
Professiirs at the Horiicultuial Scliyol ut" ihe Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paul, loj. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Bi.uinical i^aidcus. Ghent. Belgium.

M

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Reining a Fainj or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

IDLAND COUNTIES HERALD

supplied free for six weeks on staling the pui-pose for
which the paper is reuuired. forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* MuHand Couttus
^^rrt/.j Ofllce, Bitniingham." The Muilnnd CountU-s n<ra}a
always contains large numbers of advertisements relatii;g to
Farm^. EsWtes. and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gfciulemau uho would jjin him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Busincbs.
— Full particulars en application to A. B , Gariicners' Ckronic^.e
Office. 41, Wellington >tieet, Suand, London, W.C.

W/-ANTED,

a

GARDENER.

— From

' ' count

ry preferr

^il ;

good knowledge of Glasshouses,

jCt per week,

Willi colt

ce

free. Testimonials as

to honesty

required. — C,

Book,tal

. L<

wih-ini Station, S.E.

WANTED, a thoroughly competent liust-
worthy MAN, to undertake the Piopagation and
Growth of Hard and So 't Wooden Eiic.^s. New Holland and
Greenhouse Plants generally, Bouv.irdias, Cyclamens, and other
such stock. None but competent energetic men need apply.
Good wages, and every encouragement given to a persevering
man. — S. T. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, WelliDglon
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a strong active young MAN,
for the Flower Garden, quick and neat in his work
with a good knowledge of Carpet and other styles of Bedding.
Will be required to Propagate the same. Good wages will Le
given 10 a suitable man. — C. PAGE, The Gardens, Fern Lodge,
Bracknell, Berks.

"IVTANTED, a steady MAN, to attend to

• » Fires and make himself generally useful in the Nursery,
— Apply, by letter, siaiing wages required, &c , to WILLS
AND SEGAR, Royal Exotic Nuisery, Onslow Crescent, South
Kensington. London, S.W.

TAMES CARTER and CO. have VACAN-

*' CIES in their Officer and Warehouses for respectable
^'0UTH3 leaving School. Good wriiing indispensable. —
Apply in wiiting, Slating age and other particulars, to 237 and
238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

WANT PLAGES.

*#* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their deatini^s
•with so-called Horticultural Atrents, ami are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised }Wt to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Stieet, Edin-
burgh, bas at present on bis list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to .j£io3 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full paiticLjlaTS to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to annonnce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they wHi be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston, are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as G.\RDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all

^J times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.—
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C.

JOURNEYMEN and FOREMEN.— Several

^f first-class men who have been trained Ja the leading
establishments in Scotland, wanting to go to England on the
term day. Nov. ir.— Full particulars from JOHN DOWNIE,
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a good practical man. — Mr. Hen-
derson, Gardener to J. Deacon, Esq., Mabbledon Park, Ton-
bridge, wishes to recommend his Foreman, Wm. Couzens, as
above. Total abstainer.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 30;
thoroughly practical in all branches of Horticulture.
Can Manage Land and Stock if required. — EDWARD
OGSTON, The Gardens, Winslade, Clyst Saint Mary, near
Exeter.

GARDENER (Head). — Messrs. R. T.
Veitch & Son will have great pleasure in recommending
a thoroughly practical and energetic man, as above, to any
Lady or Gentiem.in requiring an all-round good Gardener. —
J., Messrs. K. T. Vcitch & Son, E.xotic Nursery. New North
Road, Exeter.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— W. J.
Ireland can with every confidence recommecd his
Foreman (R. HoUwav)to.iny Nobleman or Gentlcin.in requiring
the services of a thoroughly trustwoithy and energetic man.
Expetiertce gained in some of the leadmg English gardens, and
lately ForemiiD at Heidfort Good ch.^iactcr, Kull particulars
on application.— W, J. IRELAND, Headfort Gardens, Kells,
Ireland.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Married,
two children ; fifteen years' good general experience
both under Glass and in Flower and Kuijhcn Gardening. Good
character.— ^L W., Kiddington, Woodstock, Oxon.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kepi. ^Married when suited. Fond of hi <;
woik. Thirteen yeai.i' (xperience in good Gardens. Good
character. — G. L , 6, Rose Cottages, Wesifields, Barnes, S.W.

C:jARDENER (He.^d Working).— Age 41,

^^ matiicd, no childien ; th jroughly understands Vines,
Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening Good character given from last employer.
— W. B., 45. Fleet Road, Hampslead. London, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
married, ihree children ; eleven and a half yeais in last
situation Good reference as to capabilities and general cha-
racter. Thoroughly understands his business. Eastern Counties
preferred. — H. S., Bell & Sons, Nurserymen, Norwich.

GARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
DENER and BAILIKF.— Age ^4. married ; thoroughly
praciical in all branches, Forcing of Fiuiis, Flowers and Vege-
tables, also good Flower and Kitchen Gardener; Land and
Stock, and Laying Out of New Grounds, &c. Six and a half
years' good character, also many previous, and testimonials. —
F. HICKS. Gardener to Sir Charles Oakley, Bart., Friltenden
House Gardens, Siaplehursl, Kent.

GARDENER (Head) or WORKING
BAILIFF. — Age 35, married, no incumbrance ; practica'.
Good references can be given.— H. K., 3, Weston Street,
Pentonville, W.C.

GARDENER (Head or Single-handed).
— Age 27, married, two children ; twelve years' experience
in all its branches ; good knowledge of Orchids,— GARDENER,
White Hiil, Berkliampsied, Htrls.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Married, no incumbrance ; thoroughly understands
the profession. Three years in present situation. Good cha-
racter. ToLal abstainer. — GARDENER, Manor House,
Sidcup, Kent.

GARDENER (HEAD or good SINGLE-
handed). — Age 38, married, no family; twenty-eight
years' experience in every branch, including Forcing, — E.,
Woodhill Cottages. Gerrard's Crosss, Slough, Bucks.

GARDENER, where one or two are kept. —
Two and a half years in last place. — J. L., 38, Regent's
Square, Gray's Inn Road, W.C. Further particulars to J. F.
McELROY, The Gardens, Moray Lodge, Campden HUl,
Kensington, S.W.

GARDENER, where another is kept, or good
Single-handed —Age 27, single. Undeistands his
work. Good character. Christian and abstainer.— S., W.
Longridge, Bamet, Herts.

GARDENER (good Single-handed, or
where help is given), — Married, no family ; 16 years' ex-
perience in branches. Understands Early ai.'d Late Fo: cing.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Two years' good char.tcler, — E. B..
4, Selliogcourt Cottages, Sellingcourt Road, Lower Tooling, S.W,

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Under).
— Age 23 ; good references. Total abstainer. — F.
KELLAWAY, 6, Louisa Cottages, Enfield Road, Brentford.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise).— Age 28, married, no incumbrance ; fifteen years'
experience in all branches of Gardening. No oljection to a
cow. Three and four years' good characters.— Mr. WOOD-
LEY, Post-olTice, Feliham, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Second), or as FLOWER
and KITCHEN GARDENER.— Age 28, single ; good
references. Please state wages. — R. J., 6j ( )ueen's Crescent,
Haverstock Hill, N.W,

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept,— Age 11. To help in thi Houses pre'errcd.
Good character.— W. H., 6, Goodyear Place, Addington Square,
Camberwell, S E.

GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
garden, where three or more arc kept.— Agfc i3 Six
years in present situation (nursery). Total abstaioei-, E.YCtUcrit
character. Slate wages. — H, WALL, Manton, ItlarlboioUiib,
Wilts.

■jl/TANAGER, or FOREMAN and PROPA-

^•^ GATOR— Age 35 : thoroughly experienced in all
branches both Inside and Out. Sairsfactory references, &c. —
J. T-, 6, Alexandra Terrace. Biggleswade, Beds.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Experienced
in Orchids, Early and Late. Eurcu-g. eood Pl.Tnt-man.
Good character.— A. B., 53, Oakhill Terrace, St. Mary's Road,
Rcigate.

FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment.
— Age 27 ; twelve years' e.xperience. Bothy preferred. —
W. WHEELER, Biggs' Nursery, George Lane, Lewisham.
London, S.E.

"POREMAN and PROPAGATOR, or MAN-

-■- AGER. — Thoroughly experienced in Fruit Forcing and
Soft-wooded Plant Growing for Market, Good character and
recommendation.— W, SHuRVEN, 58, Queen's Road, Bowes
Park, New Southgate, London, N.

FOREMAN or PROPAGATOR.— Age 30;
fifteen years' exj)erience iu Ro>es, Rhodudendruns,
Conifers, Clemati.=, also Stove, Greenhouse, and Bedding
Plants. Good character. — A, B., Langton House, Sutiuinghdl,
Berks.

FOREMAN (General or Second).— Age
2-5, sin>;le ; has a ihnrough knowledge of ihc profession
both Indoors and Out.— F. B., Mrs. Sou'lh, The Rectory Lodge,
W.dlington, Herts.

JT'OREMAN, or SECOND, in the Houses,

-L ill a Gentlciiun's eslabli.shnicnl. — Age 25 ; understands
the work ; eight years' clmracter, twelve years' experience.
iMease slate wages. — H. D.WIS, Vtovil Nurseries, Yeovil,

To Nurserymen.

GROUND FOREMAN or ROSE
GK'JVVEH.- Age 30 : sixteen ycaij." experience in large
nurseries, — E. E , 9.1, Egerton Street, Chester.

NURSERY FOREMAN, or FOREMAN
and PROPAGATOR.— Eighteen years' expeiience in
leading nurseries. Well versed in the Value and Cultivation of
General Nursery Stotk, i^ix years with W. Wood & Son,
Maresfield. Fir.st-class references. — M. BARNETT, Piltdown,
Uckfield, Sussex.

N

URSERY FOREMAN orTRAVELLER ;

ige 25. — D. C. Anijrkw will be open for re-cngagemei.t
on Nov. r, as abuve. Thoroughly praciical in growing General
Nursery Stock. Near two years Head Foreman in present
situation ; Iii^liesi references also from Scotland — The Nur-
seiies, Waleifi^rd.

PROPAGATOR (Under) in a Nursery,
wlieie Trees, Shiubs, Roses, and Conifers are grown
extensively. — Wanted by a young man, whj has just completed
his appieiiticeship, a situation as above. Giod references can
be given,— A,, Vine Cottage, Stamford Road, Tcltenham.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in

^ a good establishment. — Age 23 ; can be well racom-
mended. Two and a half years in present situation. — E,
KIRBV. 'I he Gardens, Orton Hall. Pelerborough.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out, in a good
Garden.— Age 32 ; good character. — F. REEKIE, Lig-
num Cottage, Buhhy Heath, Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
where Early and Late Forcing is carried on with spirit ; ate
23. — Mr. D. Melville, St. Vincent, Grantham, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.—

tl Mr. SiLVKR, Brynkinalt Gardens, Chiik, Ruabon, will
be pleased to lecommend a very steady, iiidustriouSj energetic
young man as ^bove in a good establishment.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 19; five years' ex-
perieice Indoors and Outside. Well recommended from
present and previous place. Bothy preferred. Wages i3r. per
week. — W. SILLS, The Gardens, Shoteham Place, ^^eveuoaks,
Kent.

IMPROVER.— A youth (19) seeks a situation
under a Foreman in the Houses. Fair knowledge of
Stove and Orchids. Abstainer. Fuur years' good character.
W. WRIGHT, Cotterell's, Hemel Hemsiead, Herts.

IMPROVER. — Situation wanted in the
Houses, or In and Out, by a youth (aged i/). Has been
>*o and a half years in the Houses. Well up in Potting, Water-
ing, Airing, and Forcing. Highly recommended. — W. A. C,

Irrglewood, Hungerford.

To GARDENERS. — Henry G.\rnett,
Gardener, Bystock, Exmouth, wishes strongly to recom-
mend a young man (age 20) to any Gardener requiring such
under Glass. Six years in present sttuation.

NUR.SERY and SEED TRADE.— Adver-
TisiiR Will be disengaged in a moulh. Twenty years'
experience in first-class houses. Age 37, married. For re-
ferences apply to '* BETA," Messrs. Hurst & Son, Houndsditch,
London, E.

SHOPMAN (Head), MANAGER,
TRAVELLER, or other simiLtr capacity requiting a
thorough knowledge of the Trade combined with goad business
abilities. — Age 40 ; upwards of twenty years' experience in all
branches of the Retail Seed Trade. — F. A. R,, Mr. Bishop,
I. Napier Terrace, Bittersea Park Road, SW.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent references respecting character and abilities. —
T. H., 50. Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or SALESMAN.— Age 27 ;
capable of taking sole management. Twelve years' expe-
rience in Seeds (Wholesale and Retail), Plants, Roots, and
Flowers.— J H., 19, Birtey Street, Lavender Hill, S.W.

TO NURSERYMEN.— A successful
Traveller^ of considerable experience and good connec-
tion, is now at liberty to engage v-itn any leading firm as above.
Thoroughly acquainted with indoor and outdo'tr stoct. First-
class reference as to ability, &c. — V. W. , 26, Down Streef,
Piccadilly, London, W.

GLAZIER and PAINTER, on an Estate,
Public Buildings, or Nurseries — Used to Coas^vatory
Work. Thoroughly c:>mpetent wortman. Town or coimtry.
Good references.— J. W., 59, Merrow Street, Wahvortli, S.E.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— In the complaints
peculiar to females these Pills are unrivalled. 'Iheir use
by the fair sex has become so constant for the removal of their
aifments that rare is the toilet that is wiihout them. Amongst all
classes, from the domestic servant 10 the peeress, universal favour
is accorded to these renovating Pills: their invigorating and
purifying properties render them safe and invaluable in all cases ;
they maybe taken by females of all ages for any disorganization
or irregularityof the system, speedily removing the ciuse and re-
stoiing the sufferer to robust health. As a family medicine they
are unapproachable for subduing the maladies of young and old ,

4?o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October ii, 1884.

CTUA/^UAT DD/IC JP PA Manu/aaurers o/

ulILV.LjiN DIaUu. (x LU., brought and Cast Plain saddle boilers.

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Terminal-end Saddles.

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers.

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c,

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints.

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

A'Cr^?. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

The COTTAGER'S Calendar

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d.; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100.

If ordered in quajiiities of not less than 200, Carriage will belaid to any part of tJie United Kingdom.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

R.

S

DUNBAR

CLate of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY)

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.G.

HOT-WATER PIPES, 2-inch, \s. id.; 3-inch, is. yd : 4-inch, 2.*-. per yard.

„ ,, ELBOWS, 2-inch, i.f. ^d. ; 3-inch, 2.f. ; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

SYPHONS, 2-inch, 2s.; 3-inch,
TEES, 2-inch, 2s. ; 3-inch,

4-inch,
4-inch,

4S.
4S.

each,
each.

A Liberal Discount for Cash to the Trade.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.

MhsbtNGER & CO.S GREENHOUSES are constructed bo as to obtain, with the least obstruction to light ana sun. the greatest Strength and Rigidity.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices wliich, owing to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. Ss^ Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGEB & COMPANY, L O U GH B O BO U GH.

Editorial Communications should be addres<;ed to "The Editor :" Advertiseinents and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Well ngton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by Wii.J.lAM Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whilefriars, Ciiy cl Lonion, m the County of Middlesex^ and Published bjT
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, October 1 1, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hhywoou. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mhnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstablifiijetJ i84i.

No. 564.— Vol. XXII. {serTes.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1884. {

Registered at the Generi
Post-office as a Newspaper,

al ?
er.;:

Price 5d.

Post-free, s\J,

CONTENTS.

AeanisUi a new .. .. 494

Anemones 501

Asters, perennial.. .. 489

Begonias, tuberous, for

bedding .. .. .. 501

British Associate on his

travels, a . . .. 504

Celery maggot .. .. 501

Dimorphism in Aroldex . 5C0

Disa granditlora .. .. 404

Embothrium coccineum . 4S9
Epidendrum niacrochilum

album .. . . .. 494

Flower garden, the . . 495

Forestry . . . . .. 495

,, Exhibition, the .. 496

Fruit in Warwickshire . . 502

,, trees for autumn

planting .. . . 503
Gardeners' Royal Benevo-
lent Institution, the, 490, 498
Gardens and gardening,

a gossip on .. .. 4go

Gladiolus The Biide .. 502

Grape Gros Maroc . . 502

Grapes in cool vineries . . 49S

Glasnevin . . ., , . 487

International Potato Show 49S

Kitchen garden, the

I.ilium colchicum

Mignonette

Newnham Paddox

Obituary ..

Onion cultivation

Orchid notes

Orchids at Silverdale
Lodge, Sydenham

Plants, nevv garden

Propagator, the ..

RhodtxJendron, green-
house, to propagate . .

Scilla Bellii

Shrubbery borders, dig-
ging

Sccieiies —

Royal H.irlicultural ..
Scotti.-h H' nicultural .

Strawberry Hciicait de
Thury 500

Tomato fungus, the . . 498

Tropa;olum speci )sum .. 499

Uredo, Pucciniaand .iri-
dium

Vegetarianism at the
Health Exhibition

Weather, the

495
501
501
40 1
504
49*
494

302
4S8
494

494
4S8

500

50a
504

498

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Celery maggot .. .. ■• •• •• 501

Embolhrium coccineum , . , . . . . . . . • • 489

Paiiottia pcrsica, llower of . . . . . . . . . . 49^

,, ,, leaf and scale of ., 493

Views in Glasnevin Botanic Garden .. 497

Now Ready, In cloth. 16s..
n^I/£ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

■* Volume XXL, JANUARY to JUNE. 1884-

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders atid Postal Orders should

now be 7nade payable at
DRURY LANE,

I^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, mcluding Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— C H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.

STOKE NEWINGTON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held c-n
NOVEMBER loandii. Schedules upon application to

Mr. W. GOLDSMITH, Hon. Sec-
1, Stafford's Place, Grove Road, Stamford Hill, N.

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCI ETV.

The ANNUAL EXHIBITION ^vill be held at the Royal

Aquarium, Westminster, on W£DNESD.\Y, November 12.

Part cost of cartage will be refunded to Plant Exhibitor.'^.

Schedules free on application to

WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney, London. E.
The N-\TIOXAL CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE
(price (id.) may also be had on application.

KINGSTON and SURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will beheld in
the Drill Hall. Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November it and 12, when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
offered. Entries Close November 5. Schedules and further

inforination of ^ JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

Fife Road, Kingston-on-Thames. -*

COLCHESTER and EAST ESSEX
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S CHRYSANTHE-
MUM and FRUIT SHOW will be held in the New Corn
Exchange. Colchester, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
November la and 13. Particulars of j q quILTER, Sec.
5. Head Street, Colchester. ■* ^

RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY, embracing Richmond, Twickenham, Isle-
worth, Mortlake, East Sheen, Kew, Petersham, and Ham,
Frc-iident—nS H. the Duke of Tecic, G C.B.

The FOURTH AUTUMN EXHIBITION of CHRY-
SANTHEMUMS and other PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUIT,
and VEGETABLE?, will be held in the Assembly Rooms,
Castle Hotel. Richmond (by the kind and eratuitous permi'^si'vn
ofG. H Tod Heatly, Esq.), on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
Novimber 13 and 14.

Admission :—ist day, from i to 4 o'Clock, on payment of
2f. fxi. ; from 4 to 10 o'Cloclc, is. (The Exhibition will Close
on the ist day at 10 o'Clock). 2d day. from jo to 5 o'Clock. xs. ;
Irom 5 to 9 o'C'ock, Id. (The Exhibition will Close on the
ad day at 9 o'Llock.

ScheduUs may be obtained on application to

J. H. FORD, Esq , Hon. Sec,
22, George Street, Richmond.

N.B There arc 38 Open Classes.

In the Press.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL ALMANAC
and ADDRESS BOOK foriSSj.— Price if. ; post-free.
I J. 3i/. Will be ready Oclober 30.

37, Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

FREE ^Ta "rEFRACTA A L bX
Early while blooming. Very sweet scented. One of the
most useful bulbs that can be crown.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

Priced

Plants are

BARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-
trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARRandSON. Hand 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Roses.

CHARLES TURNE R'S
CATALOGUE of the above is now ready,
lemaikably fine this season,

FRUIT TREES are equally good, trained trees extra fine.
SHRUBS and TREES in great variety, and of all sizes.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Cape Bulbs.

THE BOTANIC GARDENS, Capetown,
Cape of Good Hope, are now Booking Orders for Bulbs
and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, deliverable about February next.
Price Lists on application. ED. HUTT, Seed Manager.

A R Y M O R R I S,"

BORDER CARNATION.— Two First-class Cer-
tificates, 3J'. a pair, \$s. a dozen. C-ish with order. Direct from
raiser.— H. G. SMYTH, 2t. Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C.

ARGE PALM for SALE, height about 20

feet, partly in box. partly in border. Price .^lo. Apply to
W. HARNETT. Avington Park, Winchester.

Lily of the Valley.

ELSTER AND KOLLMAJNN, Liibeck, near
Hamburgh, cfTer the above, 3-years old, extra strong
Crowns, at 3|i. per 100, three months terms. Terms for cash t^n
application.

O THE TRADE, — W. BARRACK,

NUESBRYMAN, Kendal, offers Marechal Nicl ROSES,
2 feet, on own roots, strong stuff, at 91. per dozen, ^os■ per 100.

To the Trade and Others.

DWARF ROSES. — Several thousands to
dispose of, really fine stuff, of all the varieties worthy of
cultivation, at 4oi per ico carriage paid. Ca'-h wiih all orders.
WILLIAM DEEDMAN, Little Posbroolc, Titchfield, Hants.

r OHN ERASER, Lea Bridge Road Nurseries,

O Lcndon, E, intimates (hat his TRADE CATALOGUE
of Fruit Trees, Hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Rhodo-
dendrons, Rcses, and other kinds of Stock is now ready, and
may be had on application.

riHAS. KERSHAW~offer5 extra fine MARE-
V^ CHALNIEL.GLOIRE DE DIJON, and other ROSES,
in pots, from lo to i6 feet in ler.glh I'lice on application.

WANTED, 50 stout, handsome, straight, wtll-rooted SYCA-
MORES, from 10 to t2 (cet, for an avenue. Must be good.
The Slead Sjke Nurseries, Brighouse.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Pitmaston PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q QU E L C H AND BARN HAM,

O giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E L C H AND B AR N H A>I.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES beg to inform Senders

that the following are now in demand : —STEPHA-
NOTIS. EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ODONTOGl.OSSUM and other ORCHIDS, ROSES, &c. ;
al.n TOMATOS. CUCUMBERS. &c

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, London. W.C.

To Gentlemen and Gentlemen's Gardeners

MESSRS. WILLS AND SEGAK would be
glad to make arrangements to TAKE any SURPLUS
STOCK of CHOICE FLOWERS, such as STEPHANOTIS,
GARDENIAS, ROSES. &c. Liberal prices will be allowed.
Royal Exotic Nursery, South Kensington, S.W.

ANTED, GARDENIAS, ORCHIDS,

STEPHANOTIS, ROSES, CALLAS, BOU-
VARDIAS, TUBEROSES, EUCHARIS, and other CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and Horticultural Agent,
Covent Garden. W.C.

Lily of the Valley.— strong German Crowns.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and
H0RTIC0LTUR/(I. AoiNT, Covent Garden, W.C, will
be pleased to receive Orders for the above. Large Orders
executed direct from Germany.

AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, SPIRAEAS, and numerous other
stock from the beit Continental Growers. Full particulars on
application.

To the Trade.

JM O O Y, Florist and Seedsman,
• Haarlem, Holland (established 1830), begs to inform hi*
Commercial Friends that he has arrived in London ns usual
with a good selection of FLOWER ROOTS, and is suying at
12, Exeter Street, Strand, W,C

Dwarf Hybrid Perpetual Roses.

HUGH LOW AND CO, ofifer the .ntbove, of
very fine quality, grown on fresh tarnd at their new Nur-
sery, Bush Hill Park, near Enfield, by the loa or looo.

FOR SALE, 15,000 MANETTI STOCKS,
clean eyed. aoj. per tooo, put on rail free. Terms cash.
Sample >ent. Address.
G. BOLTON, The Nursery, Wyddial, Buntingford. Herts.

Estatillslied 1860.
T V. REES (late Robert Parker), Haidy

0 • Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DEI.PH IN 1 U VI -i,
IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXES, POTENIIl.l AS.
Pv1i;0NIES, &c, S:ltctions of loo showy vaiieties fiom 5.-*.

1 he finest collection of Aquatics in the country.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey. .S W.

Established 20 years.

HERBACEOUS P^. ONIES.
Now is the time to plant.
A very select Collection of about 60 choicest varieties, ta
various shades of Primrose, Lemon, Pink, Rose, White, Ci<ni-
son, &c., many of them sweetly scented. Extra strong blocm-
iog plants 9^., i2J., and iS^. per dozer.

T. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.

Hyaclntlis, Tulips. Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBORG BROS., BuLii Growers,
Hiilegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulb*,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

ENTAUREA CA^NDIDISSIMAT^^^^e

most beautiful of white fcliaged bedding plants— easily
raised from seed, which is the cheapest way toobiain a stock, if.
per packet (about 103 seeds], 2r 6d. per packet (ibout 300 seed&).
HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden. London, W.C.

REEN HOLLIES. — The present is the

best time for Planting Holly Hedges.

1 foot, bushy . . ais. per 100 >

2 feet, with leaders 50f. per 100 >-All well rooted.

3 feet, with leaders 751. per iodj

H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.

Deutzia gracilis, Roses, &c.

WILLIAM FLETCHER'S

Priced CATALOGUE of the above is now ready.
A large quantity of FOREST TREES to cflfer.
Ottershaw Nurseries, Chertsey.

HITE CARNATION, 4.r. per dozen ;

Crimson CLOVE, Anne Boleyn, Mule, and L^ccd
PINKS, Double White CAMPANULA, Double Potei.iill •,
Golden MONEYWORT, 31. per doz. Cash. Discount to Trade.
GEO. SMITH, Florist, 6t. Penrose Street, Walworth, S.K

New Pernettyas.
T T, DAVIS' LIST of his New Varieties
-l-i. of PERNETTYA MUCRONATA for the prcse.it
Season is now ready, and may be had on application, 'i'he
plants are finely berried. Early Orders are requested.

Ogle's Grove Nursery, Hillsborough, Co. Down.

OSES.— ROSES,— ROSES.— Forty choice

Petpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for ztx. ; pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best varieties. List of nimes on
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards. 2ir.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

HEASANT-EYE NARCISSUS,— To be

SOLD, cheap, the ground being let for building purposes,
fine strong roots, in bunches, as dug up, loi. per bushel,
package free, for cash. Also surplus stock of fine gold FEkNS,
in large 6o's, 8 inches high, 65. per riozen ; smaller, 31. per d z^n.
POPE AND SONS, King's Norton Nurseries, near Birmioghau .

WARF-TKAINED FRUIT TREES are

extra fine wiih us this year. All leading vari-tes
of PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRlCOlS, PEAK?,
APPLES, PLUMS, &c. LIST post-free.

GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries. Rath.

TRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4s. per

100. Plants, in small pots. i6i. perioo; ditto, in large
pots, 251. per 100. Descriptive LlSt free.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

L~bVEL'S "strawberry RUNNERS,
3J. per ro3, 12J, 6d. per 500, so", per 1000.
LIST of varieties on application.
"A BOOK ABOUT STRAWBERRIES," ^d.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

Grape Vines.— Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, po>t free on application.
Early Orders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N,

TWO THOUSAND VINES for immediate
fruiliog and for permanent plaotin?, thorounhly ripened
Canes CATALOGUE on application.

J DICKSON AND SONS. " Newton" Nurseiies, Chester.

482

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 18, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULKS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 aod 68, Cheapside, E.G. (next door but one to
Bennett's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely each_ day,
extensive consi^ments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers-

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 6S. Cheapside, £.C.

Wimbledon, S.W.

A few minutes' walk from the railway station, whence goods
may be transmitted to all parts.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOUR DAYS' SALE of beauti-
fully-grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. D.
S. Thompson & Son, in consequence of the expiration of
the Lease of a portion of the Home Nursery.

MESSRS, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nurseries Wimbledon, S.W., on MONDAY.
October 20, and three following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely
each day, several Acres of lemarkably well-grown NURSERY
STOCK, including 7000 Laurels, ij^ to 3?^ feet; 10.000 oval-
leaved Privet, fine bushy plants, 2 to 4 feet ; 8000 Berberis
Aquifolia, i to 2 feet ; 1800 green Euonymus, 3000 Aucuba
japonica. 1 to i% feet; 3000 Deciduous Shrubs, in variety;
Portugal Laurels, green Hollies, English Yews, Planes, Limes,
Poplars, Standard Thorns, and other Ornamental Trees, 4000
Staindard and Half-standard Roses, 10,000 Fruit Trees, consist-
ing of Standard and Pyramid Pears and Plums, Standard Vic-
toria Plums, Horizontal and Dwarf-trained Apples and Pears,
Dwarf-trained Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, fine Goose-
berries and Currants, Orchard-house Trees in pots, and other
stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be bad on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 63,
Cheapside. E.G.

Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in Iheir SALE by AUCTION at the
Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C ,on TUESDAY
NEXT. October zi, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, abjut
250 Lots of selected ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from three
well-known collections, including Masdevallia Normani. Cat-
lleya Dormaniana. Dendrobium Ainsworthi, Cattleya Dowiana,
Vanda tricolor, V. ccerulea, Sobralia macrantha nana, Lselia
purpurata, Dendrobium Dearei, Anguloa Ruckeri sanguinea,
Aerides Rohaneana. Laslia elegans. Vanda Cathcarti, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesdav Next
A COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the
property of the late S. Mart, Esq , of Sutton Lodge,
Sutton-at-Home, by Dartford. for Unreserved Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL the above
collection, at their Centra] Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, October at, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, comprisine CATTLEYA GIGAS, C. PER-
CIVALIANA, C. CITRINA, C. LEOPOLDI, C. ELDO-
RADO, C. TRIAN^, and C. M0SSI7E, nearly the whole of
the latter with flower-sheaths ; ODONTOGLOSSUM RAMOS-
ISSIMUM. 10. EDWARDI, O. ALEXANDR/E, and
others: \.K.\Ak PURPURATA, L. AUTUMNALIS. L.
PEDUNCULARIS, GRAMMATOPHVLLUM ELLISI
ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM, O. KRAMERI. and O.
FUSCATUM : PHAL/ENOPSIS CORNUCERVI. DEN-
DROBIUM DENSIFLORUM, D. SUPERBIENS, &c. ;
in all, about zoo lots.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.
300 CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, FICUS, and other PLANTS,
from Belgium ; a fine assortment of choice FERNS,
PALMS, and other DECORATIVE PLANTS, from
English Nurseries; a variety of English-grown LILIES
and other ROOTS, HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS.
NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 22, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sate, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.
15,000 LILIUM AURATUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, 00 WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 22, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an
immense consignment ofis.ooo Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM,
just received from Japan io fine condition.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
AERIDES SANDERIANA.
CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA.
L.1-;LIA PURPURATA.
PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA.
4COO EUCHARIS BULBS.

TV/TESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS

-^'-'- are favoured with instructions from Messrs. Hugh Low
& Co. to SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C , on FRIDAY NEXT,
October 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an immense quan-
tity of very choice Imported ORCHIDS, comprising Ac.ides
Sanderiaua, <!aiCiibed in Gardeners' Chrotiicic, October it,
as a grand new Aerides and very important novelty"
Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, splendid masses : C. violacea, C.
Oaskelliana, C. Leopoldi, C. Loddigesi, C. Schilleriana. Lajlia
harpophylla. L. purpurata, grand masses ; L. xanthina, Onci-
dium varicosum (Rogersi varieties). Phalainopsis Sanderiana,

SSufo", = 'uT">'!',J',?'3 "''°/ °"'''' ^'^ Orchids. Also 4000
EUCHARIS BULBS from the Cauca.

Plowerlng Orchlda.-Speclal Sale.
ly/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

-!■'-«- beg to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of
FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY
October 28, and they will be glad to receive notice of entries iii
the course of the ensuing week.

(7 and 68, Cheapside, E.Ci

Hendon, N W.

Close to the Railway Station.

SALE of UNUSUALLY WELL GROWN STOVE and

GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instiucted by Mr J. H. Pounce to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, Pounce's Nursery. Hendon,
N.W., on WEDNESDAY, October 29, at 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, a large quantity of unusually well grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 500 specimen Ferns, 5:00
smaller ditto ; a quantity of Eucharis amazonica in large pots,
1000 Bouvardias of sorts, 4000 Carnations of the finest variclie?,
including the best new whites ; 250 pot Roses in 32 and 48-pots ;
2000 hne Standard and Dwarf Roses, comprising alii the best
sorts ; a choice collection of Single and Double Dahlias, and
other Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C.

Fifth and Final Gr^at Clearance Sale, by order of

Messrs. Ewing & Co., who have discontinued their busi-
ness at Eaton, near Norwich, the Land havmg now been
Sold. Highly important Sale of the Fifth Portion of the
extensive, well-t;rown, and thriving young NURSERY
STOCK, in excellent condition, comprising lo.coo Roses of
the choicest exhibition kinds of Teas, Noisettes, and Hybrid
Perpetuals, &c , in and out of pots. Many thousand Fruit
Trees, Bushes. Raspberry Canes and Culinary Roots, Nut
and Filbert Bushes, &c. 100,0:0 Ornamental and Forest
Trees, many of them of suitable sizes to produce immediate
effect— clean, stout, and well rooted, having been fre-
quently transplanted and skilfully pruned. A large quan-
tity of Deciduous Flowering Shrubs, icoo Clematises, in
choicest and newest variety ; also some Evergreens and
Conifers, and a large stock of Ivies and other Climbers,
both in and out of pots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Royal Norfolk Nurseries, Newmarket Road. Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 29
and 30, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day. Many of the Lois are
large, and therefore specially adapted to the wants of ex-
tensive purchasers.

May now be viewed. Catalogues on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, London, E.C.

Tottenham. _

Adjoining the Station.

SALE of remarkably well growR NURSERY STOCK. Dwarf

ROSES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS and BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. T. S. Ware to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
on TUESDAY, November 4, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a large
quantity of unusually well grown NURSERY STOCK, in-
cluding 3000 Laurels, ij^ to4 feet ; looobushy Aucuba japonica.
I to i^ foot; 3000 Standard Ornamental Trees, 50C0 well-fur-
nished Euonymus, good for potting ; looo Tree Crrnations. in
all the leading varieties ; 2000 Tree Carnation "Andalusia,"
the finest yellow tree variety ; 1000 Pinks *' Mrs. Sinkin?; ;'
2000 Violets. 8ooo Dwarf Roses, in first-class varieties; 3000
hardy Climbers, 40,000 Seakale and Asparagus, extra strong ;
10.000 Christmas Roses (Helleborus), 1000 Anemone japonica,
50,000 double and single Narcissus, and large quantities of
other HERBACEOUS PLANTS and BULBS.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Sid cup.

By order of the Executrix of the late Mr. R. Sim,
CLEARANCE SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises. The Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foots Cray, on WEDNES-
DAY and THURSDAY, November 5 and 6, by order of Miss
Sim, who is reducing the Stock, a further portion of the NUR-
SERY STOCK, fuller particulars of which will appear next

N.B.— The NURSERY BUSINESS carried on for so many
years by the late Mr. R. ,Sim is for SALE on very reduced
terms. Messrs. P. & M. will be happy to furnish particulars on
application.

BulbB.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as abovb,
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'Clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.- (Sale No. 6750.)

Home-grown LILIES, BULBS from America, Holland, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 18, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C. on TUESDAY NEXT, October 21,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a variety of Home-grown
LILIES, including 6ne roots of Liliuin Wallacei, L. auratum,
L. pa'tdalinum, &c. ; also EUCHARIS CANDIDA, AMA-
RYLLIS, and other GREENHOUSE BULBS; a consign-
ment of FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, ERYTHRONIUM
AMERICAN aM,GLYCENES, and SMI LAX, from America;
a quantity of IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLEN-
DENS, from theCape; CARNATIONS, PINKS, DAISIES,
and other BORDER PLANTS; also several hundred lots of
first-class HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUSES, NAR-
CISSUS, Early Roman HYACINTHS for forcing, and other
DUTCH BULBS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.-fSale No. 675a)
3000 LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in liis
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT.
October 21. 30C0 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM.
just received from Japan io fine condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

ThurBday Next.— (Sale No. 6753.)

TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. VRIESIA FENESTRALIS,

TILLANDSIA TESSELLATA, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT
October, 23. fine clumps of CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE,
C. ACAULE. C. PUBESCENS, C. PARVIFLORUM, C.
ARIETINUM, all suit.able for cool-house ctilture : also 26 fine
plants of VRIESIA FENESTRALIS, 6 strong plants of TIL-
LANDSIA TESSELLATA, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next-fSale No. 6752.)
AERIDES SANDERIANA. in flower.
AERIDES ROHANEANA, in flower.
AERIDES LAWRENCIyE. in flower.
A splendid new ONCIDIUM. in flower.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E,
And very many valuable Brazilian and other ORCHIDS,
in great quanity.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, October 23, at half.past 12 o Clock precisely, a
grand specimen, in full bloom, of AERIDES SANDERIANA,
and many imported plants of this grand species; AERIDES
ROHANEANA, about a dozen plants, in full bloom, and fine
imported plants; the superb AERIDES LAWRENCI/E. in
flower and in imported specimen : also a grand lot of CATT-
LEYA LABIATA WARNERI, CATTLEYA GIGAS SAN-
DERIANA, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Clapham House, Clapham Common, S.W.

Close to Nightingale Lane.

MESSRS. McLACHLAN and SONS will
include in their SALE by AUCTION, at the above
residence, on TUESDAY, October 21, a choice COLLECTION
of PLANTS, including Specimers of Aloe, Camellia. Azalea,
Palm, Citron, Ficus, Cacti, Fuchsias, Geraniums. Begonia,
Crysanthemum, Hydrangea, Echeveria, Calceolaria, See. :
also LAWN MOWERS, GARDEN SEATS. HOSE and
GARDEN IMPLEMENTS.

On view day prior and morning of Sale, and Catalogues of
the Auctioneers, The Pavement, Clapham Common, S.W.

WMttlngton Nursery, 2 miles from Lichfield.

SALE of a WELL-GROWN NURSERY STOCK, at the
above widely known Nurseries, of several hundred thousands
of Trees and Shrubs, consisting of Standard and Pyiamid
Apples, Pears, Plums, Nuts, and other Fruit Trees, an im-
mense quantity of English Oaks, Ash, Elm, Spruce, Austrian
and Laricio Pines, &c. A large variety of Deciduous and
Evergreen Shrubs, together with many thousands of trans-
planted and well-rooted hybrids and other Rhododendrons,
and a fine variety of Ivies. &c. In the Coniferae will be
found a very choice assortment of Cedrus, Cypress. Junipers,
PmUs, Retinosporas,lhuias, Yews, &c. ; a remarkably fine lot
ofMare'chal Niel, Gloirede Dijon and other Roses; together
with an immense variety of Seedling and Bedding Plants.

MR. GEORGE MARSDEN will SELL the
above by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Holm-s ..t
Whittington Nurseries, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
October 22 and 23, and following day if necessary, commencing
at 10 o'clock each day. Conveyances will meet all the early
Trains up to 10 o'Clock each day. at the "Trent Valley " and
"City " Stations, Lichfield. For the convenience of Purchasers,
any lot or lots can remain on the ground until March i, i83s.

Catalogues will be ready 14 days prior to the Sale, and can
be had at the Midland Counties Herald Office, the place of
Sale, and the Auctioneer, Wirksworth, Derby.

At Lydlate and Aughtoo, Lancaaliire.

By order of the Executors of the late Mr. Chas. Rylance,

To NURSERYMEN, PLANTERS, and OTHERS.

SALE by AUCTION of about 70,000 FRUIT and FOREST

TREES, and PLANTS of nearly every kind.

MR. EDMUND C. STRETCH has been
favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on
WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, October
22, 33, and 24, on the premises. Abbey View Nursery, Lydiate.
and Springfield Nursery, Aughton, at la o'Clock, the whole of
the NURSERY STOCK.

Detailed Catalogues from the Auctioneer, 15, Moor Street,
Ormskirk ; and from Messrs. RYLANCE, Bold Lane Nursery,
Aughton.

Mancnester.— On October 29.

IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS (except Orchids) being the choice c A-
lections (including many Exhibition PlanlsJ at Gorsc Hall,
Staleybridge and Oakley, Fallowfield. the property of
W. Leech. Esq., who is leaving the district.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND
respectfully notify that they are favoured with instruc-
tions to SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, October ig.
at Oakley, Fallowfield, the large COLLECTION of DESIR-
ABLE PLANTS of both residences.

For Catalogues and further particulars, apply to the Auc-
tioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.

FOR SALE a NURSERY and SEED
BUSINESS at the thriving Market Town of Denbigh
(North Wales). Nurseries about 14 acres, with a good sale;;b e
stock of Forest, Fruit, and other Trees and Shrubs, Gieenhouse,
&C. Very favourably situated near to railway station. Land
in good condition and on easy terms. Premises (leasehold, and
rent low) for Seed Business situated in the centre of the town
in the main street, to be disposed of on favourable terms to
purchaser.

All particulars on application to Mr. HUGH ROBERTS,
Crypt Chambers, Chester.

To Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners and Others,
'PO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, the

X BUSINESS of NURSERYMAN and LANDSCAPE
GARDENER, carried en for nearly fifiy years by the late Mr.
Thomas Coudrey. and lately by his Son and Successor (who is
declining the business on account, of ill-health), at the Edgbastoii
and St. James' Nursoics, Edgbaston, l!irmingham.

Apply, for particulars, at No. 6, Ampton Road, Edgbaston.

TO BE LET, on Lease, with Immediate
Possession. Rnnge of GRAPE. CUCUMBER, and
TOMATO HOUSES, in thorough working order, well heat;,d,
and good supply of wittei.

Apply. 53, High Street, Chelmsford.

TO LET, an 01d-establiThe(PMARKET
GARDEN, of 30 acres, with a good Retail Seed and
Florist Business ; Greenhouses, Pits, Frames. Stock, Horses,
Vans, &c., to be taken at valuation. The land is in the highest
slate of cultivation. A capital 7-roomed House, rent moderate.
All within a few miles of four good market towns, where the
produce has been l.iken for the last 30 years. A first-rate oppor-
tunity for an energetic man, For further particulars, apply to
R. R.. Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.

MORTGAGE. — Two sums of ^5000 and one
of /40CO and smaller SUMS to be LENTonMORT-
GAGE at Low Rates of Interest. The Security must be good.
The Money could be lent for a term oi years.

Apply, with full particulars, and stating the Rental now
received from proposed Security, by letter,to Messrs. COOPER
AND CO., Solicitors, 42, Bedford Row, W.C.

October iS, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

483

THE GARDENER S' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an ADDITION wiU
be made to the LIST ot PENSIONERS of this lusiimilon ia
JANUARY NEXT.

All persons desirous of becoming Candidates are requested to
send in their applicatious and teslmtonials to the Committee, on
or before the loth November next, alter which day ihey will
not be received.

Prefereoce (ia accordance with Rule No, 6^ will be given to
those appUcanis who fuve been Subscribers for Fifteen Years
and upwards, or their Widows. Should there'not be sutBcient of
this class of candidates to fill the Vacancies, then th« appli*
cations of those who have not sabscrtbed so long, or not at
all, will be considered.

Printed Forms of Application m^y be obtained from the
Secrctary.-By oider. g ROGER CUTLER. Sec.

14, Tavistock Row, London, W.C.— October q, 1884.

INTERNATIONAL INVeI^ tTo N S
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
Division I., /.VrE.VT/O.VS. Division II., MUSIC.
Pa/ran— Her Majestv thb Qi'Bhn.
PresideMi—H.ti.H. thb Psince of Wales. KG.
APPLICATIONS to EXHIBIT must be made on
Piinted Forms, ^vhich will be supplied on application to the
SECRETARY, Intei^ational Inventions Exnibition, South
Kensington. S.W. These must be filled up and returned on
or before NOVEMBER i, 1884.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
Gardening and the IMPROVEMENT ofESTATES.
CRYSTAL P.^.LACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m. Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

ihe School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MlLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

''P MILLINGTON AND CO., English

-*- • and FoRBiGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lsad, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

F

Hyaclntlis In Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston super-.Mare.
Price List free.

Ehubarb and Seakale Forcing

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

OUNTRY BOARD— RESIDENCE.

— A Lady of good family, residing alone on her own
property, near Westmoreland, RECEIVES LADIES wanting
a quiet friendly, refined Christian Home. Musical Instruments,
good Gardening, Glass Houses, very near Church, Station, Post.
Country beautiful, air mild, situation sheltered. Might suit
those who feel alone in the world, and who love fliiwers, &c.
Address, M., Mrs. Waller, 99, Highgate, Kendal.

FOR SALE, 6 CAMELLIAS, well furnished,
and full of bud, in large pots, or in EXCHANGE for
good DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA. Apply to

E. ROGERS. The Gardens. Sulby HaU. Bawtry.

OR SALE, 24 Specimen Pyramid Irish

YEWS, from 6 to 12 fett high.
A. WEBB, Kelham Hall Gardens, Newark- on-Trent.

TO THE TRAD E.—

30,000 Seedling OAKS, i-yr. ; 17,000 Seedling APPLES,
i-yr., strong, cheap for cash. ACORNS in November.
THOS. BEAUCHAMP, Woodfalls. Dowoton, Wilts.

GENISTAS.— A large quantity for Sale, by
the ICO or icoo, in 48-pots. at from 301. to i-.s. per 100,
Messrs. BALDWIN and SON, Edith Nursery, Burchall
Road, Vicarage Road, Leyton.

The Grand New NarcisBus Incomparabllls Glgantens,
" a I R W A T K I N."

KJ 3^. 6J. each, ^bs. per dozen, 750J. per loo.
Should be in every collection. A " special " offer of other
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities required,
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS, "Newton" Nurseries. Chester.

IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in

pots, of all the finest Double and Single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every
shade, from pure white to the darkest purple) for Climbing and
Bedding, from 125. to 34s. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive
LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insiu-e success; Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham .

TO BE SOLD, a large quantity of verv
choice surplus HOTHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS,
FERNS, &c., the accumulation of years, at the Greenhouse?,
Alexandra Park. N. Cards to view to be obtained from

C. J. HAYTER, I, Draper's Gardens, Throgmorton Avenue,
London, E.G.

EOBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common, S.W.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

liOBS BEACONSFIELB

(A SEEDLING).

The finest Raspbeny and best cropper ever known.

First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, 15^. per dozen, ^5 5X. per 100.

A. FADLKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD

PChesbunt Roses. —Best Roses Only.
AUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshnnt, N., the Winners of the Ch.-tinpion Cup,
N.-»lion.Tl Rose Society, solicit oiders for —

STANDARD ROSE.S, from lii. per dozen.

DWARF ROSES, from gt. per dozen.

NEW ROSES, TEAS, e.\tra sized Climbers and FotcinE
Roses, in pots, at ptoponionnte prices.

Fifty-seven of the le.idins First Prizes at the Rose Shows.
Thirteen Hundred First Prizes (including many Gold Medals)
of Royal Horticultural Society in the past twenty-three years.

Descriptive and lUustrjted CATALOGUES post-tree on
applicalion.

PAUL AND SON. Champion Rose Growers for 1S84, The

Old ' Nurseries, Cheshnnt, N.

Fmlt Trees by the 100, 1000, 10.000, or 20.000.
"O UGH LOW AND CO. invite inspection

-*-"*- hy intendinjr purchasersof their very large and unusually
fine stock of APRICOTS, CHERRIF.S, DAMSONS. NEC-
TARINES, PEACHES. PEARS, and PLUMS, KrowiuB at
their Nursery, near Entield, about five minutes' walk from the
Bush Hill Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway. Also
ROSES, Staudiurds and Dwarfs, POT ROSES, GRAPE
VINES, in larRe quantities. 33 brge Houses and numerous
ranges of pits tilled with choice stock, largely winter and spring
(lowering. Clapton Nursery. London, E.

Planting.
FROMOW AND SONS invite the

• attention of Gentlemen. Builders, Cardentrs, and
others, intending planting, to inspect their stock of RHODO-
DENDRONS, TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, CLIMBERS,
&c.. which cannot be surpassed. Prices will be found low for
really good stuff, delivered free within 10 miles. Descriptive
CATALOGUE of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, &c., post-free on appli-
cation. Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W,

Branch Nurseries : Hounslow and Acton Green.

T ILIUM AURATUM. — Home grown,

-L^ magnificent bulbs. Cultutal Commendations awarded
by the Royal Horticultural Society, October 14. for specimen
bulb? exhibited. Trade prices on application. Home grown,
js. 6d., ar., 2f. &d., and 3J. 6</. each ; Imported, 6s.. gr, i?j.,
151.. and 185. per dozen. A fine COLLECTION of LILIES
and other BULBOUS PLANTS, see CATALOGUE, frte.
NARCISSUS, &c., for naturalising, cheap.

COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL, 39, Waterloo Road.
London, S.E,

FOR SALE, a Bargain. — A Gentleman's
Gardener wishes to dispone of a quantity of fine healthy
plants, being overstocked with the same. Three dozen
GARDENIAS, in 6-iiich pots : 40 CINERARIAS, splendid
plants ; a quantity of BoUVARDIaS, SOLANUMS, LI-
BONIA FLUKIBUNDA. winter flowering GERANIUMS,
DAPHNE, &c. ; and some dozens of STOVE HOUSE TABLE
PLANTS, good specimens : also an enormous STEPHA-
NOTIS plant, trained balloon shape, big enough to cover large
conservatory. Will be sold cheap to make room. Apply to
R. W., Mr. Moore, Stationer, Erasworth.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

Every plant is well-grown, and my Standard,
Half-Standard, and Dwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever offered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

PRANK CANT,

THE MILE END NURSERIES, COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 1st Prizes for Roses. " No con-
nection wltb any other Person of the same Name."

^&^£)7ne a/T& S'ee.

f0^

L"^

OUR CHRYSANTHEMUMS, and you will
find that we have four honses, each too ft. long, specially
erected — one for Incurved, one for Japanese, one for Single, one
for Seedlings and miscellaneous kinds, ail in the hnest health
and order. No collection in such a space, or such an oppor-
tunity was ever before given to all lovers of this plant for
thorough examination. Our 2000 Seedlings, and the American
varieties, are e.\pected to give us new types and colours highly
interesting. As to plants, our reserve stock out in the open
border consists of quite Sco varieties, all flowered last year, will
alone probably in quantity double that of any other grower that
offers cuttings. Our stock in 4-inch pots, with blooms for imme-
diate propagating (consisting; of many thousands), occupies a
quarter of an acre. Each variety is kept perfectly separate, so
that any kind misplaced may be easily detected. This, together
with our professional men, engaged :exclusively amongst Chry-
santhemum?, enables us to warrant every plant true to name.

CANNELL AND SONS' ILLUSTRATED
BOOK and CATALOGUE, on the whole family of
Chrysanthemums, which is acknowledged by all the highest
authorities to be the best standard work and guide on this
flower ever published. It j^hows plainly and exactly how a
single specimen bloom should be, and also a perfect specimen
pl^nt for the first prize, and how to Rrow, show, and dress them;
in fact, it contains the most accurate descriptions, together with
the synonyms, and an immense amount of the very best practical
and reliable information, such as never before given to the
public. Post-free, 4//.

JUDGES for CHaYSANTHEMTTM SHOWS.

OUR LONG PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE,
froin the earliest Stoke Newington Show down to the
prrsent. brings us acquainted with nearly all the most experi-
enced professional judges, whom we should be pleased to. recom-
mend to any Society on application.

Essay on the Anemone ChTysanthemum.

H CANNELL AND SONS offer ^2 for the
• Best and Briefest Treatise on How to Grow, Show,
and Get the First Prize for the Anemone-flowered Chrysanthe-
mum ; and also £,1 for the best ditto on the Pompon, Bu^h,
and Pyramidal-grown specimen. For full and further particulars
apply

W&W^htS^PwJWSR

f^riH

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, havir.g .i large and fin^
stock of the following Plants, can with contidence recommnhd
them to purchasers ; —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in sjMnch pots, i8j. per do2. ; 7-iiith

pots, 3'>i. per doz,
ACACIA DRUMMONDI, ins-lnchpots, iSi.perdoz.; 4-iiicli

pots, 12J. per doz.
,, ARMATA, m 5-inch pots, \Zs. per doz.; 4-inch pni";,

12J. per doz. [i2j, per di /

,, HYBRIDA, in 5-inch pots, i8j. per doz, ; 4-incli poi^.

SOLANUM CAPSICaSTRUM, well berried, in 5-incli pou,

125. and iSj. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pols, 36^, arid 42J. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in 5-inch pots, \2S. and i8f. per doz. ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 34*., 30^., and 42*. per do/.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 3-inch puis, 41. per doz. ;

4'.^-inch pots. gr. per doz,
,, TRApEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 41. per doz. ; 41^-inch

pots, QJ. per doz.
PTERIS SEKRULATA CRISTATA COVVANI, new, in

3-inch pots, 6j. per doz. [P'^r do?.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in 3-inc:h pols, 45.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock in 5-inch pots, \is. p-t

doz. : 7-iiich pots, 24J., 30J , and ^tu. per don.
GRAPE VINES in ftuit, with six ai.d seven bunches on esch

plant. \is, (>i{. and 15^. each; for fruiting in pels or

planting Vineries, 5^., 7.?. dd., 10s. 6,/., and tis tif.

each, according to sirenRth. Stock in yranil condiliiui.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allov^a'i.c;
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston.

NEW YELLOW ROSE,

HYBRID PERPETUAL.

GLOIRE LYONAISE.— This extraordinaiy variety is il.e
finest Rose ever sent out in the Trade, It hns been obtained I y
artificial hybridisation o£ the Rose Mme. Falcot with Baronne i^e
Rothschild. This variety will be a fine one for Market purposti^.
The Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscription at, pt r
I Plant, i5i- ; 6 Plants, ^4 ; i dozen Plants, £7.

3O0O Plants are for disposal, but as already many orders a7C
subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to
do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon luii
out. Direct orders to

L. PAILLET, Horticulturist and Kuraeryman,
Chatenayi Seine, France -Eatabllslied 1827.

M. L, Paillet lakes ihe opporiuniiy of till-. Aiivettiscmcnt to
off^er, at a very low price, more than 70.000 ROSES of every
description — Standards, Half-standards, low budded on Manciii
and Brier roots. Fine splendid lot of ROSES on own roots.
i-yr. and syr. transplanted. More than so.coo MALMAIS0?4
and other good leading sorts are for sale. Also an immense lot (•(
MANETTI STOCKS, LA GRIFFERAYE, and BRlENS,
I-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted, are offered for sale. Price will lie
sent on applicalion.

CATALOGUE, printed in English, also sent on appljcuir-ii.

TEA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for
Forcing. — Fine plants of all the hest varieties, including
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jaidins, Etoilc de
Lyon, Madame Lambard. &c., at 54^. to 30^. per d( /en ;
smaller size, bushy plants, in 5-inch pots, 151. to 18^. per dc-zen.
Also extra strong CLIMBING ROSES, in Pots, for Conseiv.-^-
tory Planting— Mar^chal Niel, Climbing Devoniensis. W, A.
Richardson, Peine Marie Henrielte, La Marque, Triomphe de
Rennes, and many others, 2s. 6d., t.s. 6d. and 51. each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries, Balh.

C:i REENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS.—
^ This section produces fine truss:es of white, orange ttd,
and various coloured flowers, while many of the varieties giv^
forth a delicious perfume. Our collection is one of the finej.!,
including many rare varietits. 12 healthy young plants, 9T,
I2J., and iSj. 12 healthy strong plants, 21 j., 301,, and 42J.

Rhododendron jasminiflorum. Princess Royal, Princess
Alexandra, Fragrantissima, and Duchess of Sutherland, are
well known varieties of this group.

E. G. HENDERSON and SON, Pine-apple Nursery.
Maida Vale, London, N.W.

RUIT TREES FOR SALE,

in quantities.

Favourite Cluster DAMSON, standard and hall ; Victoria cr
Dolphin PLUM, standard and half ; Bush and New Orleans
PLUM, standard and half ; Warner's King and Stone's PLUM,
standard and half; ao ,000 Lad and Bob GOOSEBERRf ES ;
20,000 Black Naples and Red CURRANTS. COB TREE,=,
<oooWELLINGrONIAS,2o,oooCluster DAMSON SPAWN,
3 to 4 feet. Terms cash with order.

A. SEARS, Mr. Skinner's, East Farleigh, Kent.
Sweet Winter Flowers.

VIOLETS — VIOLET S.—
Now is the lime to plant for winter. Large clumps full
of flower, specially grown for winter flowering.

Doubles.
Belle de Chalenay,
Blandyanum,
Mane Louise,
NeapoUtan,
Patrie,
Princess Marie de Savoy,

Sing-^es.
Argentffiflora,
Neapolitan.
Od oralis si ma,
Victoria Regina,
The Czar,
White Czar.

6s. per dozen, 405. per ico.

Comte Braeza's New Double White Neapolitan. iSj. per dozen.

One of each, package free, -js. 6d.

Usual Trade Discount.

FRED. PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington.

Nurseries, Old Kenilworih Road, and Lillington Avenue.

H' OUSE'S " PERFECT MARROW"
PEAS can be obtained from the following Firms : —
Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsdilch, London. E.
„ NUTTING AND SONS, 60, Barbican, London, E.C.
„ HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, 14, Tavistock Row,

Covent Garden, W.C.
„ BARR AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W C.
„ J. E. PEARSON AND SONS, 2, Exchange Row,

Nottingham-
„ DICK RADCLYFFE and CO., 128 and tsg. High

Holbom, W.C.
„ JAMES VEITCHandSON, King's Road, Chelsea.S.W.
„ HY. CLARK AND SONS, 39, King Street, Covent

Garden. W.C.
„ CHAS. TURNER. Slough.
„ DANIELS BROS., Norwich.

„ CHAS. SHARPE and CO., Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.
„ LANE AND MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road, London, S.W.
Retail, price 1^. per half-pint packet. Wholesale price on
application to

J. HOUSE, Seed Store, Peterb;rough.

4?4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October iS, 1884.

BULB CATALOGUE,
" HOOPER'S."

The most complete. The lowest prices.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 44., which is returned In the first purchase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN.
LONDON. W.C. .

PERNS A SPECIALITY.

Now Ready. SPECIAL OFFER. NO. 41, of Choice.
Rare, and Beautiful

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, .

Carriage Paid, embracing many of the most lovely and desirable
in Cultivation.

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over looo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable "Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNl ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for

NOBLE'S NURSERY.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY "FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Paeonies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things, may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted e.-tclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS. GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c, and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Poated upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT, ROOZEN & SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

0( Choice Hardv Flower-Roots for Indoor and Spring
Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under 1 —
COLLECTION " F." FOR SPRING GARDENING,
CONTAINING qoo BULBS.
36 Hyacinths, distinct colours
50 Tulips, single early
50 Tulips, double
25 'i'uiips, single late
20 Narcissus, Polyanthus
30 Narcissus, incomparable
24 Narcissus, Poeticiis
50 Anemones, double

40D Crocus, 104 distinct colours

50 Ranunculus, double

36 Gladiolus

50 Snowdrops (single)

25 Spanish Iris

25 'I'riteleia unillora

a; Scillii hyacinthoidei

4 Lilium uriibellatum

COLLECTION "C." FOR INDOOR.

CONTAINING 577 Choice BULBS for POTS and GLASSES.

Hyacinth--. 1 8 in j8 splendid Narcissus, double and single-

named varieties
3 Koman Hyacinihs

Tulips, sing'e eaily—

12 in 4 tine named varieties
6 Due van Thul, red & yellow
6 ,. ,, scarlet

Tulips, double early—

6 La Candeur, pure white
6 Rex rubrorum, fiDectimsoa
6 Tournesol

Crocus —

100 in 10 fine named varieties

Narcissus. Polyanthus —

12 in 4 finest named varieties

12 in 4 named varieties
Jor.qiiils —

6 Double, sweet-scented
6 Single, ,, ,,

13 Scilla sibirica (pia:cox)
12 Choice Ixias

12 „ Sparaxis
12 ,, Oxalis
12 Grape Hyacinths (H.
botryoides)

6 Eranthis hyemalis

6 Snowdrops

6 Iris Pavouia

HALF OF EITHER OF THE AltQVE FOR lOJ. 6(/,

The above Packages may be had from our Agents, Messrs.
MERTENS andCO.,3, CrossLane.St. Mary-at-HiU, London,
K.C. on receipt of cheque or Post-office Order.

For particulars of our oihet Collections of bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, see our complete and revised
CataloRue for 1884, which wilt be sent, post-fiee, on application
to our Agents, or ourselvesdirect.

ANT. ROI^i^EN AND SON, Nurserymen, Overveen, near
Haarlem, Holland.

NEW PLANTS.

CALOCHORTI. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, GLA-
DIOLI, Hardy FERNS and ORCHIDS, Hardy NORTH
AMERICAN PLANTS in great variety, IRIS, Japanese
MAPLES, LILIES, NARCISSI, ORCHIDS, Filmy
FERNS, NEW ZEALAND SEEDS, Rare MOSSES,
BULBS for Forcing. See our LIST No. 71, just issued.
NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Wallc. Colchester.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS.

50,000 Double DAFFODILS.

30,000 Single DAFFODILS.

70,000 Pheasant-eyed NARCISS.

70,000 Double White Sweet-scented NARCISS.

20,000 Campernelle JONQUILS.

For Prices of above and many other varieties of Narciss, also
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, and all Dutch, English, and French
Bulbs, see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.

Special Prices for Large Quantities.

SPECI.-iL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

The Illustrated and Desoiptivc CA TALOCUE 0/ FR UI TS

post-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

IMPROVED MUSHEOOM

SPAWN, per bushel of J. d.
fourteen cakes ..60

The best in the market : never
fails.

Victoria and Paradise
Ntirseries,

Upper HoUoway, London, N.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for RemoTal in

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. iZs. and 21J.
Half-Standards ,, ,, „ .. 15^. ,, i8f.

Dwarfs „ 9r. ,, 12J.

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, s. 6, 7, 8 to'
,, lauiifolia. ditto. [10 ftet high.

,, Hodgins", 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.

., myrtifolia, ditto. }- many thousands.

,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Vellow-btrried, altaclarense and others.
,, Variegated, of sorts, 3. 4, 5, 6, 8 to lolt.
„ Wateter's splendid plants, 3, 4. 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet

in circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautitui specimtns.
,, Ptrry's Weepuig Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many

thousards.
YEWS, Common, 3 4,5,6 to ro feet, thousands.

,, Golden, ol all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size untqualltd.
,. Irish, E to 10 feet, hundreos.
CUPRbSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 ftet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

., Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 3 feet
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands.
,, ,, GLAUCA, a to 4 feet, hundreds.
,, ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to to feet, hundreds.
„ HOOKERIANA, 3t0 5fect.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. 1 5^ to j feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feci, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
,, LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hui.died-..
,, NOBILIS. I >^ to 3 feet, thousands.
,, NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7,to ir leet.
,, PI NSAPO, 6 to to feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, 1 1-: to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEM BRA. 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI (Cedar ol Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDKNTALIS LUTtA, 3 to 6 feet, hundred!.
THUIOPSl.^, >»REALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
RETINOS' ORAOBTUSA A UREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
,, PISII' ERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUKEA, 3 t0 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.—
ALDER, ASH, BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINK.
MAPLE, OAK, (EnglUh), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES, 3 to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, li- to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to to feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS. HOLLIES in variety,
from I to g feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted
IVIES in variety. LAURELS in sorts, 3 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to 5 feet : RETINOSPOR.^S, in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff ; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from r inch to 3 feet ; several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunnin-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA,
&c. Double Yellow and While PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Millon,
Stoke-on-Trent.

Autumn and Wlnter-flowerlBg Plants.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• in consequence of the hot summer his stock of the
above is remarkably fine this year, and well set for flower.
Early orders are solicited for the following, which are now
ready for delivery :~

AZALEA INDICA. in variety.

„ MOLLIS, seedlings and named sorts.
BOUVARDIAS. leading kinds.
CAMELLIAS, leading kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
EPACRIS, leading kinds. [GIGANTEUM.

ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS.

LILACS. Chas. X.. and other leading sorts.
PRIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLLNA.

,, double, leading kinds.
SOLANUMS, Williams- hybrid.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.
For complete List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

R H O DODENDR O N S.

ISAAC DAVIE8 & SON

Have an immense stock of the above toofier,
from \\ to 4 feet high, thickly covered with
flower-buds ; from the common kind to the
choicest varieties in cultivation, and including
many new ones of our own raising, of which
we hold the entire stock.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, various colours, fine
bushes, 3 to 4 feet, 30J. to 40J. per dozen ; 2ja to 3 feet,
i8f. per dozen, ^7 per 100.
,, selected hybrid seedling?, with colour labelled on each

plant, fine bushes. 2j^ to 4 feet, 241. to 36J. per dozen.
,, choice named kinds (mcluding many beautiful varieties of
our own raising), fine bushy plants, i}^ to 3 la feet, 301.,
401.. to 60J. per dozen.

\' Over 90 in every ico of the above well set
with buds.

RHODODENDRON?, mixed hybrid seedlings, in g'^t,
variety of colours, and frr.m early and late strains, nice
tushy plan[=, 15 inches high, 50J'. per 100.
,, seedlings from our choicest and newest kinds, each variety
kept separate, and can be supplied in a lair proportion
of each; bushy plants, 9 to 12 inches high, 3:^. per 100.

HOLLIES, &c.

The following carry fine balU of roots, and arc in excellent

condition for removal : —
HOLLY, Hodgin's, fine pyramidal plants, 2 to 4 feet high, ar.
to 3J. 6d. each.
„ variegated, in sorls. 2 to 4 feet high, well formed plants,

IS. to 3r. ^d. each.
,, common Green, \% to 2j4 and 3 feet high, 6j. to 91. and
\is per dozen.
PRIVET, Oval-leaved, strong and bushy, lYt to 6 feet high,

5i- , 8.r.. i5j.,to 251, per 100.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM.bushyandcovered wiih buds. 1510
18 inches hinh ; reds, 4s. per dozen, 25^. per 100 ; whites*
4.^. per dozen, 30f. per 100.

PLANTS SUITABLE FOR POTTING.

RHODODENDRONS, hybrid seedlings, of various colours

I K to 2 feet, green, bushy plants, all covered with buds,

15-'^. per dozen, /I5 per 100.
,, PR^-ECOX, good bushy plants, covered with buds, laj. to

i8.r. per dozen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, from three or four of the best

varieties, distinct light and dark colours, each krpc

separate, nice bushes, five to ten buds on each, 9r per

dozen, 501, per ico.
,, PONTICA. bushy planU, well budded. 6/., gj. to is/.

per dozen.
,, DaVIESII. beautiful trusses of white sweel-scented

flowers, best of all for forcing, tine plants, well-budded,

241. to 36J, per dozen.
„ AVALANCHE, pure white sweet-scented llowers, very

compact and bushy growing plant; nice plant'i, wcU-

huddcd, 2J, 6^ each. ■2..\s. per dozen.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA, nice bushes, a mass of

flower-buds, 12J. per dozen.
PERNETTYA SPECIOSA (our own variety), quite h.\idy.

berries pink, well berried plants \is, per dozen.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, well established (twelve months) in

pots, very green, and thickly covered with berries ; Urge

and well formed plants, i&;. to 241 per dozen.
We how hold a very large stock of our beautiful varieiies of
sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS and AZALEAS.
CATALOGUE, fully describing them and containing prices of
our GENERAL NURSERY STOCK, will be forwarded to
any address on applicalinn.

All i^codsfrce on Knil^ hut a aitall char^^^e ivill be made/or
pacliii^f. Ctxih or rcfocnce/ron nnkninvH correspondents,

ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

October i8, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

485

ORCHIDS IN FLO^A^ER.

Heath & Son

HAVE MANY HUNDREDS OF

DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM QIQANTEUM,

in magnificent varieties ;

SACCOLABIUM GUTTATUM and BLUMEI MAJUS ;

and from 600 to 700 fine Plants of

ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLII and ROEZLII ALBA,

well set with spikes.

SAM PLE BLOOMS FREE BY POST.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,

BEC TO SOLICIT ORDERS FOR

DTTICH and FRENCH BULBS, NARCISSUS, and Miscellaneous BULBOUS PLANTS,

Just received in tine condition.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS, BOCE and ALPINE PLANTS,

Now in fine quantity and condiuon at our Broxbourne Nursery.

POT BOSES for FORCING and POT CULTURE,

Now arranged for purpose of selection at Cheshunt.

STRAWBERRIES, TRANSPLANTED RUNNERS and in SMALL POTS,

Including the New Early Pauline and the American Hot Weather Strawberries.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES ef Ihe above Post-free on application.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDR/E BLUNTII).
GUILLERMO KALBREYER.

Who has recently established a horticultural business in Bogot.i, has now leisure to attend
to Orders for this well-known and justly prized Orchid. He has great facihties for collecting these
Plants from the localities whence comes the largest percentage of hybrids or intermediate forms,
and only selected plants will be sent.

ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM and PILUMNA
FRA6RANS NOBILIS can also be supplied.

PRICE, free on board Royal Mail Company's Steamers at Savanilla, £40 per 1000.
igg" Draughts on Bogotd or Barranquilla Houses must accompany each Order from all
parties with whom Mr. KAl.BREYER has not business relations, otherwise they will not be
attended to.

ADDRESS—

GUILLERMO KALBREYER, La Flora, Bogota,

U.S. of Colombia, S.A.

FRIDAY NEXT.

AERIDES SANDERIANA,
CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA,
L/ELIA PURPURATA,
PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA,
4000 EUCHARIS BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured
with instructions from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. to SELL by AUCTION, at their
Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, October 24,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, an immense quantity of very choice IMPORTED ORCHIDS,
comprising AERIDES SANDERIANA, described in the Gardeners' Chronicle, October 11, as "a
grand new Aerides, and very important novelty;" CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA,
splendid masses; C. VIOLACEA, C. GASKELLIANA, C. LEOPOLDI, C. LODDIGESI,
C. SCHILLERIANA, L.ELIA HARPOPHYLLA, L. PURPURATA, grand masses ; L. XAN-
THINA, ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM (Rogersi varieties); PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA,
VANDA SANDERIANA, and many other fine ORCHIDS.

Also 4000 EUCHARIS BULBS from tlie Cauca.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prite Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, j/- and
?/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 3/6 and 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, 1 2 uamed varieties, separate, 7/6
„ 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

Kent: The Garden of England.

300,000 Trees to select from.

COMTE BRAZZA'S NEW DOUBLE
WHITE VIOLET,

"WHITE NEAPOLITAN."

Veiy large, pure white, sweetly scented flowers. Without
question the finest Violet in cultivation. For full description,
see New CATALOGUE of Roses, Trees, Shrubs, and Floii.>ts'
Flowers, free on application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM. LONDON.

BULBS.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

SrHCIALLV SRLECTED

HYACINTHS, for Pots and Glasses.
HYACINTHS, for Beds or Borders.
TULIPS, for Pots or Bedding.
CROCUS DAFFODILS, NARCISSUS, RAN-
UNCULUS, ANEMONES, &C.
For Prices andjurther farltculars, sic BULB CA TA-
LOGUE, post-Jree on appli^ntinn.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.

aso

HARDILY GROWN

EVERGREENS

■ ALL • OTH ER

^[tREES ;&;PLANTS>

UNEQUALLED FOR^^:^

^Variety, QuALJTY and Extentj'

-^PRICED-CATALOGUES -POST-FREE^

-James Dickson &Sons.

"Newton" nurseries. CHESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN. — Too well known to require
description. Price f>s. per bushel
{\s. extra per bushel for package), or
td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, ix.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limiied). Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries, N.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most complete " Little Book" of Irish and other Daffodils
may be had on application. Some very rate forms are offered
for tJie first time, and over loo varieties to select (rom. Please
enclose 6rf. to cover exclusive expense of Catalosue, which is very
uncommon. \nLUAM BAYLOR HAKTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., "Old Established" Warehouse,
34, Patrick Street, Cork.

Lalug'B
Dutch
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS m suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIP,";. NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , ro/6, n/-, 21/-, 25/-. 30/', and <j/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c, ready.
Bulb Mercbants, Forest Hill, S.E,

486

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, 1884.

. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the finest Buibs, Roses^ Fruit Trccs^
Herbaceoiis Plants^ Stove and G}-eenhot{se
Plants^ Ti'ees^ and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOOKS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6i. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forcing, 15. and \s. td^ per dozen, -js. to
10^. per 100.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name. \s. ed. per dozen.

SPIR/EAS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS, LILY of the
VALLEY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

season, gj. and \2S. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS. 6s. per dozen
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, 12^. and i8j. per dozen.
ERICA?, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian. Ghent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, for forcing, i8r. and 24^. per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLARIAS, HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, loj. per 100,

frcm stoies. In small pots, 35. per dozen, 205. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garaen.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 25. ^d. per dozen,

ids. per loo.
TULIPS, double or single, gd. and u. per dczen, 5J. and 6s.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is. 6d. to zs. 6d. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorls, as per

CATALOGUE.
,, ordinary varieties, 31. 6d. to 5s. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACTA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in preat variety of

colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS, ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, is. per dozen.

7s. per 100; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,

iS. per 100.
DAISIES, red, white or rose, 9-/. per dozen, 41. per rco.
HEPATICAS. double PRIMROSES, 31. 6d. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 2$s.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

4T. and 6s. per dozen, 30J. to $os. per 100,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, 3^. ; 50, 12J. 6d. ; 100, 30J.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year

old, 31. 6d. per dozen ; z-year old, 6^. per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 5^. per dozen.
DELPHINIUMS and PEONIES, 85. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs. per dozen.

„ Crimson CLOVE, ^s. per dozen.
LILIES, in fine varieiy, s. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES -our Belectlon of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6j. ; or 455. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to 18^. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 7.. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6j. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES - FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c., good trees, 15J., iZs. and 24;. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40^. and s&r. per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

755. and 100s. per 100 ; Maidens, 30J. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40J., 50J,, and 751. per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 151., i8j.,

ard 241. per dozen.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8j., ioj. and

125. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Filibasket, 6s. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners, 31. per

100; in small pots, 12s. 6d. per 100; in pots for forcing,

255. per ito ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. 6d.
SHRUBS. Deciduous, tzs. and i$s. per 100, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, i5#, per 100.

THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50J. and 7SJ. per 100.

SPIRj^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, loj., i$s. and soj.
per 100.

AUCU3AS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 to 9 inches
i6s. per ICO ; g to 12 inches, zor, per 100.

THORN QUICKS, iss. to 30J. per 1000, extra well rooted.

OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4J. to its. per 100.

FOREST TREES, in great variety, 505. to 100s. per 100.

CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6j., gj. and 12s. per doz.

AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. and 01.
per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT MILES F li O At A/ANCH ESTER.

^EBBS

^° ALL BULBS

ARE SENT FREE

By Post or Rail.

FLOWER ROOTS

Webbs' Autumn Catalogue,

GKA f/S an.i POST-FREE.

s. Box

WEBBS'n

Of BULBS for

OUTDOOR CULTIVATION

Contains 6S0 Selected Bulbs.

25 Anemones, dble. mixed
25 ,, single, mixed
200 Crocus, choice vars.

I Crown Imperial
25 Hyacinths, mixed
25 Iris, Spanish, mixed
12 Jonquils, Campernelle

I Lilium candidum
12 Narcissus, double white
25 „ Poeticus
25 ,, Van Sion

6 Polyanthus Narcissus
50 Ranunculus, dble. mixed
25 II Turban, scarlet
100 Snowdrops, double and
single
12 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 ,, early double mixed

6 ,, La Candeur, dble.

6 „ Parrot, fine mixed
12 ,, single mixed
75 Winter Aconites

Other Collections for Outdoor Cultivation at 5s,,
7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 15s., 428., 63b., and 1053. cacH.

WEBBS'ikb

ox

Of BULBS for

GREENHOUSE DECORATION

Contains 262 Selected Bulbs.

12 Scilla amo;na
75 Snowdrops
6 Tuhps, Due Van Thol,
scarlet
18 „ early single, 6 vars.
6 ., Rex rubrorum,

double
6 t, Tournesol, double

I Amaryllis formosissima
100 Crocus, choice
I Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacinths, named
9 Jonquils, sweet-scented
I Lilium lancifolium
6 Narcissus bulbocodium
9 Polyanthus Narcissus

Other Collections for Greenhouse Decoration atSs ,
7s, 6d., 10s, 6d-, 15s., and 42s. each.

WEBBS'm£B^

Of BULBS for

POTS, GLASSES &VA8E8,

Contains 255 Selected Bulbs,
3 Amaryllis formosissima
100 Crocus, named

2 Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacincths, named

3 ., miniature, named
3 Iris Pavonia
6 Ixias, fine mixed
9 Jonquils, sweet-scented

single

9 Polyanthus Narcissus,

fine mixed
9 Scilla amo^aa
50 Snowdrops
6 Sparaxis. mixed
12 Tulips, Due Van Thol,

scarlet
2$ ,, early, five sorls
6 „ Tournesol, double

Other Collections for Pots. Glasses, &c., at 103. 6d ,
16s , 428 , 63s , and 1053. each.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN.

WORDSLEy, STOURBRIDGE.

CARTERS'

CHEAP and CHOICE

HYACINTHS

100

100

50

50

12

6

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in TOO sorts— Price 75S. Carriage and Pack-
ing free,

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in 50 sorts— Price 65S. Carriage and Pack-
ing free.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in 50 sorts— Price 40S. Carriage and Pack-
ing free. ^^

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in 25 sorts— Price 35a. Carriage and Pack-
ing free.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in 12 sorts— Price 98. Carriage and Packing
free. Cheaper sorts. 6S. and 7s. 6d. per d^-zen.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

— in 6 sorts— Price Bs. Carriage and Pack-
ing free.

1 nnn bulbs for one guinea.

I \J\J\J vVrite for CARTERS' BOX (No. i6), for
Indoor and Outdoor Planting, with Cheque or Posl-office
Order for 20S. This is the cheapest Collection ever oOTcred.

gULBS AND HOW TO GROW THEM.

See Carters' Fracticat Garf/ener, The most thorough
and reliable guide in all matters— for Amateur Gardeners.
Price r*. ; Post-free, ij. ^d.

SEEDSMEN

to

H.M.

THE QUEEN.

237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.

Orchids a Speciality.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that,
without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO.

very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all
lovers of this interesting and beautiful class of plants,
whether purchasers or not.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

FRUIT TREES.

A large stock of all kinds.

CORDON FRUIT TREES.

A speciality. Fifteen thousand trees now ready
to send out.

Send for Pamphlet on above.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,

ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, &c.
CATALOGUES Free by Post.

J. CHEAL & SONS,

Lowfield Nurseries,
C^RAWLEY, SUSSEX.

ORCHID S — Special Offer of.

DUTCH BULBS-Cheap Offer of.

HUES — RARE and CHEAP.

WILD GARDEN-Cheap plants.

AURATITM— First arrival of this fine Lily. Splendid bulbs,

td., r^i., IS., and is. 6ii. each.

TRADE OFFER — Special Terms.

CATALOGUE free on application to

WM. GORDON,

Thb Nurseries, Amvanu Park Road, Twicicbnham.
MiuDLHSHx City Office: lo, Cullum Street, London, E.G.

ED. PARRE, NuR.SERYMAN, Ghent, Belgium,
offers the foltowinf; : —
SPIR/ICA JAPONICA, very strong clumps, Sf . and ioj. per

loo
SPIK.^A, PALMATA, a stock of 3C00 plants, at itw. per 100,

very strong clumps.
AZALEA INDICA, RHODODENDRONS, LILY OF
THE VALLEY, AZALEA MOLLIS, FICUS ELAS-
TICA. PALMS, &c.
CATALOGUE sent post-free to any part of the world.

RAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-

ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

October iS, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

487

PAULS' NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CEOSS.

, PAUL & SON

Re-pectfully invite attpiuion to the following
SPECIALITIES :-

PAULS' - Bulbs - WALTHAM CROSS.

HVACINTHS for pots and glasses,

from 4?. per do2cn.

„ fof borders, from 21J, per loo.

,, Ri man, for early forcing, OJ. 6rt.

per dozen, i6f. per loo.

TULIPS for pots, from \s. per doz.

,, - , borders, from 45. fid, p, 100,
POLVANTHUS NARCISS, from

2r. per dozen
CROCUS, from rj. 6<f. per too.
SNOWDROPS, double and single,
21. f>d, per 100.
Border NARCISSI, lONQUILS,
ANEMONES, RANUNCULUS-
ES. LILIES, GLADIOLI, LILY
of the VALLEY. SPIR.tAS, &c ,
cheapandgood. SeeCATAI.OGUE.

PAULS'-Roses-WALTHAM CROSS.

STANDARDS .. from 15s. doz.
DWARF STANDARDS „ 101. „

DWARFS 6j. „

CLIMBING , 61. „

FORCING, in pots.. ,, 2if. „
NEW VARIETIES „ ixs. „
SPECIMENS .. „ ss.each

The Ros! Garden, by Wm. Paul,
F.L.S., 8th edition, with plates, us.
The same without plates, los. fid.
The Rase Annu.rl, with plates, six
parts, 4J. each. Roses in Pots, 5th
edition. 2s. Roses and Rose Culirire,
5th edition, ir.

PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROSS.

The largest and finest stock in
Europe. Good plants, from us. per
dozcD ; specimeos from i to 30 gs.
each.

AZALEAS. Winter - blooming
HEATHS, EPACRISES. GAR-
DENIAS. ETEPHANOTIS.
LAPAGERIAS, and other STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS - a
choice collection.

PAULS' — Trees - WALTHAM CROSS.

1 PLANES. LIMES.and
other AVENUE and
PARK TREES .. from iw. doz.

WEEPING TREES „

15s- ■■

FLOWERING

SHRUBS

30J. ICO

: VERGREEN .. „

50i. „

FICTORIALTREES „

Is „

RHODODEN-

DRONS, Seed-

hngs ,

=51. -1

„ named sorts .. ,,

18s. doz

CLIMBINGPLANTS „

91- ..

Planting done by Estimate or

Contract.

PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS.

Of eveiy defcriptioQ, of the first
quality, and low in price.

VEGETABLE SEEDS for
autumn sowing :— PEAS. BEANS,
CABBAGE, CAULIFLOWER,
CARROT, CRESS, CUCUMBER,
ENDIVE, LETTUCE, MUS-
TARD, ONION, RADISH,
SPINACH. TURNIP, &c.
FLOWER SEEDS, various, for
autumn sowing:— CINERARIA,
CALCEOLARIA, PRIMULA,
CYCLAMEN, &c. The finest
florists' strains always on sale.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, s^. per
bush. MATS, KNIVES, GLOVES,
TOOLS, and every garden requisite.

PAULS'-FruitTrees-WALTHAM CROSS.

APPLES, PEARS, CHERRIES,
PLUMS, Standards, from 15^. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 125. ,,

, , Dwarf- trained ,, 24 j. . .
APRICOTS, PEACHES and NEC-
TARINES, Dwarf-trained,
1 from 42J. per dozen.

Standard-trained, los. 6t^. each.

- .» ifeSa "H^T{^«* y^ GRAPE VINES, ai. &/. to loi. 6d.

4 -EJ??;, « A S Sat . . FIGS. 2s. 6J. to 31. 6d. each. [each.

RASPBERRIES, from 121. 6d.

per Toi.
STRAWBERRIES, from 21. 6d.

per too.
FILBERTS, from 6s. per I'ozen.
CURRANTS and GOOSE-
BERRIES, frcm 31. p. doz
«gr Fn// Descrifitive and Priced CATALOGUES mill be
fot-.oaidxd, Post-Jiee, en amplication. Special and Reduced
Prices 'ohcrc large .^uantilies are required. Inspection invited.

WM. PAUL&. SON,

WALTHAM CROSS, N.

SUTTON'S
BULBS

I 20s. V.-ilue I
I Criiriage Free. I

s^UTTON AND SONS pay frequent visits

O to all the principal Bulb Farms of Holland, and by
caieful trials of the finest varieties of bulbs in their own
groimds ihey are enabled to select the sorts best suited to
English Gardens. Having imported large quantities they
can offer Collections of the Best Bulbs on the following
advantageous terms : —

QUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "A,"

O containing 2800 FINE BULBS for the Open Ground.
Price, losf. Carriajje Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection *' B,"
containing 1850 FINE BULBS for the Open Ground.
Price. 63J. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "C,"
containing 1220 FINE BULBS for the Open Groiind.
Price, 42J. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection *'D,'.
containing 600 FINE BULBS for the Open Ground
Price, 2rj, Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "E,"
containing 300 FINE BULBS for the Open Ground.
Price, loj. (id.

QUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " F,"

O containing 400 FINE BULBS for Summer and Autumn
Flowering in the Open Ground. Price, 21J. Carnage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "G,"
containing 200 FINE BULBS for Summer and Autumn
Flowering in the Open Ground. Price, ro5. td.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " H,"
for the Amateur, containing 460 FINE BULBS for
Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation. Price, 215. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection "J,"
for the Amateur, containing 230 FINE BULBS for
Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation. Price, jqs. 6d.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " K,"
containing 240 FINE BULBS for Conservatory and
Window Decoration. Price, 21J. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BUTbS.^^ Collection " L,"
containing 120 FINE BULBS for Conservatory and
Window Decoration. Price, 10s. 6d.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " M,"
containing looo FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses.
Price, loss. Carriage Free.

S^ UTTON^BuTBSr— ColTection^^^N,"
containing 600 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses.
Price, 63s. Carriage Free.

UTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " O,"

containing 430 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses.
Price, 42f. Carriage Free.

UTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " P,"

containing 240 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses.
Price, 2 iS. Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS. — Collection " Q,"
containing 120 FINE BULBS for Pots and Glasses.
Price, ics. fid.

s

UTTON'S BULBS. — Sutton's Special

EXHIBITOR'S Collections of HYACINTHS :—
as splendid varieties .. 4"- 1 Carriage Free.

12 ,, ,, . . lis. \ "

SUTTON'S BULBS.— TOO HYACINTHS,
in 100 very choice sorts, 841. Carriage Free.

s

SUTTON'S BULBS.— looHYACINTHS,
in 50 very choice sorts, 70^. Carriage Free.

S" UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS,
ID SO very choice sorts, 42s. Carriage Free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS,

in 25 very choice sorts, 35^. Carriage Free.

O UTTON^BULBST-^S HYACINTHS,

O in 25 very choice sorts, 21s. Carriage Free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS,

in 12 extra fine sorts, xi.s.

SUTTON'S BULBST— 12 HYACINTH S,
in 12 choice sorts, 95,

UTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS,

in 12 good sorts, di.

UTTON'S BULBS. — Sutton's BULB

CATALOGUE for 1884, containing Complete Cul-
tural Instructions, Gratis and Post-free on application.

UTTON AND SONS, THE QUEEN'S

SEEDSMEN, and by Special Warrant SEEDSMEN
to the PRINCE of WALES,

■READING, BERKS.

THE

SATURDAY, OCTOBER iS, 1884.

GLASNEVIN.

IT is by no means easy to do even scant
desciiptive justice to a botanical garden
within the limits of a short article, espe-
cially to a garden which is so extensive and
varied in area, and withal so rich in vege-
tation—temperate and tropical— as the one at
Glasnevin undoubtedly is. To the Royal
Dublin Society belongs the credit of having
first founded the institution in 1794, and in
which year Parliament directed that the sum of
^1700 should be applied towards providing
and maintaining a botanical garden. The site
selected was classic ground, a demesne which
had formerly belonged to Tickell the poet, and
the house then standing in the grounds was
historic, being that in which Addison and other
literary celebrities of the day had met. Quite
near is Delville, even yet a lovely old place
overrun with Apennine Anemones, and once
the residence of Dr. Delany, the friend of Dean
Swift. Here Stella resided for some time.
Both Steele and Parnell were also residents in
the neighbourhood. The garden once founded,
it appears to have prospered apace, since in
179S and 1799 Parliament voted a sum of
;,ri3oo each year for its support. In 1800
^1500 was assigned for the support of the gar-
den, and in payment of a Professor of Botany.
Dr. Wade was the first Professor and Mr. John
Underwood was appointed Curatoronthe recom-
mendation of Mr. Curtis, »he then conductor of
the Botanical Magasme, Mr. John White being
his principal assistant. The publications of Dr.
Wade and of Mr. White on Irish botany were
well known in their day, and Mr. Underwood's
exertions placed the garden in a forward posi-
tion so far as living specimens were concerned.
In 1834 Mr. Niven succeeded Mr. Underwood
as Curator, and in 1836 Dr. Litton succeeded
Dr. Wade in the botanical chair. In 1838 the
late Dr. David Moore was appointed Curator,
and soon afterwards Dr. Harvey succeeded Dr.
Litton as Professor of Botany, and the garden
took up that position of eminence which it has
ever since retained. The garden itself com-
prises about 40 acres of agreeably undulated
ground beside the silvery Tolka river, and rests
on the geological formation known as Calpe
limestone.

Speaking of geology reminds us of the new
rock garden, which, although not as yet a year
in its present position, is richly stocked with
alpine vegetation and Ferns, the luxuriance of
which in Ireland never fails to strike the visitor
from other shores. Here many of the rarest of
wild flowers from the mountains of Europe are
quite at home, and ample provision has also
been made for bog plants in a peat-bed,
easily flooded, which extends along one side of
the rockery. Here Cypripedes and other
moisture-loving Orchids are quite at home;
one clump of C. spectabile in an ordinary bed
which we saw here in June last bore no less than
twenty-five fully expanded blossoms, and formed
a sight no exotic of its kind could well rival.
On the rockery itself, Dianthus and Gentian of

488

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, 1884.

many kinds are quite at home, D. alpinus and
its still finer ally, D. glacialis, being particularly
luxuriant, as also are Ramondia pyrenaica and
various species of Meconopsis, Papaver, and
Cathcartias. Primroses of many kinds are here
also quite at home, and in the spring months
some forty or fifty species and hundreds of
varieties may be seen in bloom. One feature
noticeable in the rockery is the quiet and artistic
manner in which the fringe of stones slides
as it were into the turf — so naturally has this
been effected in some instances, that one
receives the impression that the native rock has
cropped up through the turf in a natural way.

ORCHIDS AND Pitcher i'lants are alike exten-
sively grown ; and of some genera the collections are
very complete. Thus the Lady Slippers or Cypri-
pediums are represented by over sixty species and
varieties. Of Masdevallias, again, nearly eighty kinds
are grown ; the collection of Nepenthes is a rich one,
and there are thirty kinds of Sarracenias, exclusive of
a numerous and healthy batch of hybrid seedlings
recently reared here by Mr. Moore. The culture of
Disa grandiflora is quite a speciality, and we have
but rarely seen it more healthy and floriferous than as
here grown. As many as seven flowers have been
produced on a single spike ; Disa megaceras has also
flowered here. Just now many Cypripedes are in
bloom, none perhaps prettier than C. Curtisii, with
its dark eye-like fringed petals. C. Argus, and C.
Lawrencianum from Borneo, are also in flower, along
with C. Dayanum, a plant named in honour of Mr,
Day of Tottenham, long ago, but now rarely seen ;
Cymbidium giganteum, and many rare Masdevallias
are also in bloom.

Among the Pitcher plants there are here many
varieties. The Glasnevin variety of Nepenthes distil-
latoiia [Khasyana ?], raised from seed by thelate Dr.
Moore, is just now in splendid vigour in one of the
Orchid-houses, its climbing stems being laden
wiih red-lipped and graceful wings i foot or so in
length. As thus seen, in full health and beauty, there
are but few other species which rival this in size,
graceful form, and colouring. N. sanguinea, N.
Veitchii, and the best of all hybrid Nepenthes, N.
Mastersiana, are also represented in the best condi-
tion. Mr. F. W. Moore is also one of the very few
who have succeeded well in the culture of the giant
N. Rajah, from Kina Balu, where a drowned rat was
found by Mr. Low in one of its pitchers, and where
the finest of urns hold from two to four pints of water.
The plant is grown at Glasnevin in an intermediate
Orchid-house, mainly devoted to the culture of Odon-
toglots and Masdevallias. It is healthy, and bears
several of its quaint pitchers, which, if much smaller
than the native grown specimens in the Veilchian
collection, are quite as highly coloured. It is a pity
this grand species is not more easily grown, but its
native climate is a most peculiar one. It is found at
heights varying from 4500 feet (on the north side) to
9000 or 10,000 feet (on the southern spur) of Kina
Balu Mountain in Northern Borneo. This mountain,
"as the crow flies," is 25 miles from the coast, plains
and low coast hills intervening between its rocky sides
and the warm Chinese Sea. All day long the warm
vapour rises from the ocean under a tropic sun,
and is borne inland until at a height of 9000 to
10,000 feet, it strikes the cool sides of Kina Balu and
is met by the cool currents of air which descend
from its summit (13,700 feet altitude). Hence at
this height is a zone of cloud, if seen from the
coast, or a perpetual " Scotch mist " if you happen to
be up among the Nepenthes a curious combination of
tropical warmth and moist chilliness not at all easy to
reproduce for cultural purposes in plant-houses at
home ! Yet, as we have said, the plant, although by
no means large, is really healthy in an intermediate-
house here at Glasnevin, and as we know Messrs.
Veitch themselves are far more successful now in
growing this plant than they were soon after its
introduction.

Among the other rare exotics for which the Glas-
nevin garden has long been famous, we may allude to
the Banksias and Hryandras, but few of which are
now to be met with in European gardens. Here are
fine plants of Banksia marginata, B. grandis, B. ver-
ticillala, B. speciosa, C. dryandroides, and B. mar-
cescens, all in robust health and vigour ; Hakea
speciosa and II. Viclorice are also remarkable, and
there are enormous specimens of Brownia arihiza and

B. grandiceps, which attract many visitors when in
flower. Mr. Moore has made a speciality of Bro-
meliads and Cycads, the collections of both being
very extensive. A specimen of Luculia gratissima
bears hundreds of its deliciously scented Hydrangea-
like clusters of blossoms every winteri ; n fact, turn
wherever one will, or go wherever one may, there is
in the plant-houses a never flagging succession of
beautiful vegetation.

Flowering Shrubs and Trees are well repre-
sented, and Rhododendrons do well in peat beds,
although the natural limestone formation is not suit-
able to them. Choisya ternata, or "Mexican Orange "
bush, is hardy, and flowers quite freely, so also is
Veronica Hulkeana, and the finest of all the *' Snow-
ball " trecF, Viburnum macrocephalum. A specimen
of Abelia triflora some 14 feet in height is lovely
when in flower, and in one of the warm sheltered
bays of the range of curvilinear plant-houses a noble
specimen of Chamxrops Khasiana bore several
flowering spadicesduringthe past year, and "shook out
its living gold-dust against the clear blue sky." There
is also a fine plant of C. Fortunei in vigorous health
near the Curator's residence. Abutilon rnegapotami-
cum is hardy here and blooms every summer on the
walls, as also does the peculiar helmet-flowered Calceo-
laria violacea, and such dwarf things as Smilax aspera
and Hypericum erapetrifolium. The winter blooming
Clematis calycina is quite at home, and there is
a tradition that a seed of Loranthus europoeus was
once successfully induced to germinate on an Oak
tree near the reserve garden. A large bush of Rhus
Cotinus flowers freely, its plumes resembling Marabout
feathers, being of a dusky rose colour. Conifers and
deciduous trees are well represented. There are some
noble Willows by the Tolka river, and a plot of
about 10 acres has recently been added to the garden
as an arboretum.

The Garden Structures at Glasnevin are of a
most important kind, the Palm-house to wit. This
building, of which we shall give an illustration in our
next issue, has lately been erected of Teakwood and
iron, by Messrs. James Boyd & Son, of Paisley, at
a cost of between ^4000 and ^li^sooo, and is a great im-
provement over the old Palm-house, which cost
barely half the sum voted for its modern rival, but
which nevertheless was highly serviceable in its day.

The dimensions of the Glasnevin Palm-house are — ■
100 feet in length. So feet in width, and 65 feet in
height ; the upright sides are of Teak-wood, and the
curved roofs are of wrought-iron, moulded. It is
bound together by strong wroughtiron, starling from
the concrete foundations and meeting at the ridge.
The upper roof is supported on columns. About
25 feel above the floor-level there is a gallery,
which runs round on the columns, and forms both
vertical and horizontal tie-girdering as well. Outside
there are galleries both at the eaves of the main
roof and at the top of the same, also forming girder-
ing to strengthen and stiffen the building. Altogether
there are about 670 lineal feet of galleries. There
are also four movable light iron ladders on the
curved roofs, to facilitate painting and repairs. There
is a 4 feet 6 inch slate shelf all round, under which
there are ten rows of 4 inch pipes, also four rows
round inside the line of the columns under the floor-
level, heated by two of Boyd's 7 feet terminal end
saddle boilers, having two flues running through
them. The glass is i^iy-inch thick, rough rolled, and
the wood and ironwork are painted in and out with
a patent metallic paint of a nice chocolate colour.
There is a 3-inch pipe fixed round at the spring of
the upper roof, to prevent condensation and cold
draughts, and which is heated by an independent
boiler. The Palm house was designed by Mr. Boyd,
to meet Mr. Moore's requirements, and received the
approval of the Government.

The curvilinear range (see fig. 91, d, p. 497) was
built some thirty or forty years ago, at a cost of about
;(^5000, from designs by F. Darley, Esq , the iron work
being wrought by the late Mr. Turner, of Ball's Bridge,
Dublin, who also erected the great Palm-house in the
Royal Gardens, Kew. There is here also a small
Economic Museum containing a good typical collec
tion of vegetable products and textile material. This
is on the left of the entrance gate, while on the right
hand side are the Library and Herbarium, both of
which have recently been remodelled and rearranged.
The latter is especially rich in Irish plants, particu-
larly in mosses and Jungermannias, of which the late

Dr. Moore was a great collector and one of the best
critical authorities in his day. Mr. Moore is just now
adding quite an especial interest to the Herbarium by the
addition of coloured drawings of the more remark-
able plants, such as Orchids, Hellebores, &c., which
bloom in the gardens throughout the year.

The great Water Lily of the Orinoco, or as some
one once called it, " that most splendid of all annual
aquatics," the regal Victoria, is here honoured with a
special structure, and blooms every summer in all its
beauty, surrounded by attendant water nymphs in the
shape of rosy Lotus and Water Lilies— pink, blue,
and white of many kinds. Here also in the smaller
tanks all the smaller water weeds, such as Salvinia,
Azolla, Pontederia, Triana^a, Trapa, &c., are grown.

Quite near to the Victoria- house is a tall octagonal
structure (fig. gr, h), originally built for a large Arau-
caria, but now used as a suitable place for the taller-
growing of Tree Ferns, of which some noble specimens
may here be seen. Of the smaller growing Ferns and
Selaginellas there are here very complete collections,
but one of the special features of the Glasnevin garden
is the cool house devoted to the growth of Todeas,
Trichomanes, Hymenophylla, and other filmy Ferns.
The plants o( Todea superba, T. intermedia, T.
Fraseri, and T. pellucida grown here are handsome
specimens, and the various forms of the Kidarncy
Fern (Trichomanes radicans) are well repre-
sented. Here may be seen examples from several
habitats in Kerry, Waterford, and Limerick, and
quite recently plants from an Irish county in which
the Killarney Fern was scarcely expected to exist,
viz., Donegal, have been added. T. Hartii, from
Sierra Leone, and T. alabamense, from North
America, have also recently been added. We know
of no place where filmy Ferns are more healthy than
as here seen, and although the filmy Fern-house is
kept closed for necessary reasons, it can be seen on
application to Mr. Pope, the energetic foreman. /*,
W. Burbidge.

(Ta he continued.')

VI&

W

SCILLA BELLI!. Baker, ?i. sp.

This is an interesting new Scilla allied to bifolia
and amoena. It was discovered in an excursion
made in the spring of this present year by Major Mark
Bell, R.E., in the province of Laristan in Central
Persia. He made a considerable collection of plants
in this little known region, and forewarded them lately
for identification to Mr. ThiseUon Dyer. Besides
this, not to go beyond the petaloid monocotyledons
he gathered Tulipa montana, prcecox, and Aucheriana,
Fritillaria imperialis, Bellevalliaciliata, Ornithogalum
narbonense, Ixioliiion montanum, Muscari comosum
and racemoEum, Allium tulipaefulium and oreophi-
lum. Iris cnsata, and a species of the Ooocyclus
section which la either paradoxa or near it.
The new Scilla by its iew superposed ovules and
small broad bracts falls into the same group as
amcena and bifolia, but the inflorescence is more like
that of our wild English Hyacinth. The flowers are
smaller and less brilliant in colour and the pedicels
are much longer. It is a very interesting discovery,
and I hope that now that attention is called to it
someone will get it again, for as yet we have only a
single incomplete dried specimen.

Bulb not seen. Produced leaves two or three,
cotemporary with the flowers, oblong-lanceolate,
3—4 inches long, acute, erect, fleshy in texture, green
and glabrous on both sides, minutely scabrous on the
margin. Scape slender, terete, as long as the leaves.
Flowers 10 — 12 in a short raceme, 2 — 3 upper-
most minute, sterile ; axis and pedicels bright
coloured ; bracts small, white, persistent, mem-
branous, ovate obtuse ; pedicels J — J inch long,
flexuosc, slender. Perianth campanulate, brownish-
blue, :i inch long ; segments oblong-spathulate,
with a distinct simple midrib. Stamens as long as the
perianth ; filaments white, filiform ; anthers small,
oblong, blue, versatile. Ovary ovoid ; ovules 3 — 4
in a cell, superposed, ascending ; style filiform,
4 inch long ; stigma capitate. J, G. Baker,

• Scilla BeiUi, Baker, n. sp. — Foliis synanihiis oblongo-
lanceolatisacutis scapoxquilongis facie gUbris marginc scabiif,
5cap3 Eracili j— 4 pollicin ; floribus 8 — 12 in racenuim laxum
diiposilis : btactcis niinuiis latis albis obtusis ; pedicellis flore
loni^ioribus : periamhio campaniil.iio obscure ctrruleo ; stamini-
biis fere .xquiloogi!;. filament is filiformibus, anlheris par vis
oblongis ; ov.irio ovjido, ovulis m loculia panels suparpositis.

October iS, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLh.

489

Dendropium longicornu [LiiiM.) and D. klexu-
OSUM (Gri[r.)

It is high time to break silence over those appar-
ently well distinct plants, first discerned by the late
lynx-eyed Dr. W. Griffith, who described and sketched
a Dendrobium hirsutum (AVk/..-, iii., 31S, and tab.
305) and a D. flexuosum {Xot. iii., 317). Dr.
Lindley united the two in his excellent contributions
to the orchidology of India (Joitni. Fioc. Linn.
Soc. of London^ August, 1S5S).

My opinion is that the two may be very well dis-
cerned. The Lindleyan type is no doubt the Den-
drobium hirsutum, W. Griff. One may understand
it from Bot. Ke^., xvi., pi. 1315. The large flowers
show some indications of asperities and hairlike pro-

longicornu were kindly forwarded me by Mr. E.
Harvey, 12, Riverdale Road, Aigburth, Liverpool.
Our correspondence arose from Mr. E. Harvey having
excited my curiosity in August, 1SS3, by sending
me a flower of Dendrobium longicornu, Lindl. , with-
out any keels outside the lateral sepals. This was not
seen any more, but Mr. E. Harvey very liberally
provided me with numerous flowers and even living
plants. H. G. Rihb. f, [Mr. Harvey informs us that
the specimen was sent from the neighbourhood of
Bhamo, in Upper Burmah, to the Liverpool Horti-
cultural Company (John Cowan). Ed.]

Cypripedium Sedeni candidulum, nov, hyb. var.

This is a C. Sedenian cross between C. longifolium
and C. Schlimii album. It was the desire of Messrs,

tection, but in south-western Ireland, as we learn from
Mr. Gambleton, to whom we are indebted for the
specimen, this evergreen plant is hardy and its richly
coloured deep red crimson flowers render it extremely
attractive. As it ranges over a wide range of
country and ascends to a considerable elevation, it is
probable, as was pointed out by Mr. Hemsley, that
we have not got the hardiest varieties that are obtain-
able, to which in all probability we should not have
to apply the epithet " half-hardy."

PERENNIAL ASTERS.

It has often been remarked that names are at pre-
sent of very little use for the Asters in cultivation in

Fig. 88.— embotheium coccineum.

cesses on the lip. The description says : — " Label-
lum . , . disco papilloso glanduloso" (1830).

The veins of the lip are broken up in part into
numerous warts and hair-like processes. The flowers
and the whole plant are much larger, and the midlobe
of the lip is broader and blunter.

The Dendrobium flexuosum, Griff'., is the plant we
are accustomed to see in European gardens, usually
at intervals of two to four years. It is a much smaller
thing, far more flexuose in the stem, with narrower
leaves, all veins of the lip quite even, midlobe nar-
rower and more acute ; flower much smaller. Numer-
ous wild-grown specimens are at hand from Wallich,
GrifEth (with authentic name, kindly presented by
late Dr. Lindley), Hooker and Thomson, and Mann.

The older and genuine Dendrobium longicornu is
the plant collected in " Rabang Garden " by Dr.
(now Sir) J. Hooker, August 13, 1850.

Splendid materials of the genuine Dendrobium

Veitch & Sons to have a Schlimii album flower on a
plant as strong as Cypripedium Sedeni, and they
succeeded very well. The sepals and petals are
white, with a rose hue on the edge, and the lip is of
fine warm purple. The petals are narrower than they
generally are in C. Schlimii. It is a very fine addi-
tion to the stock of the best Cypripedium mules, H.
G. Rchb. f.

EMBOTHRIUM COCCINEUM.

Very few of the great Australian family of Pro-
teacese are hardy in this country, but among them are
some of the Grevilleas, and the species we now figure
from the south-west districts of South America (fig.
88), may be added to the list, not, however, without
qualification. In most countries it would require pro-

English gardens. When a note is written in praise
of this or that Aster as an ornamental garden plant, it
is more than probable that the same flower has at least
a dozen synonyms, and that each of these synonyms
has an equal number of claimants for the name. This
is confusing enough, but no one is to blame for it. It
is expected that if plants are offered for sale they shall
be offered under some name, and it is an undoubted
fact that a large proportion of the Asters in our gar-
dens, including some of the best, never had any
authorised name at all. They are, in fact, either
hybrids 'or developments of cultivation, and at any
rate have changed their characters so much that they
cannot be identified with any wild form. To be con-
vinced of this, let any one look over the collection of
Asters in the herbarium at Kew, and contrast these
with a good garden collection, and he will form the

490

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October iS, i8

conclusion that Asters are rapidly becoming florists'
flowers, and that many of these agree no more with
wild types than the Chtysanthcmums and Carnations
of our flower shows do. It is true that there are some
very ornamental kinds which preserve pretty well
rheir natural characlers, and amongbt these maybe
mentioned the Kuropean Aster amellus, and the
Nf-Tth American Aster, Novce-Anglix, both of them
excellent in their way; but these species vary in
gardens both in height and size, and the colour of
I heir flowers, as well as in the lime of flowering, and
s^cme forms arc .'ar superior to others. But whatever
we may think about their names it cannot be denied
I hat Asters are very desirable plants in the autumn
garden, and that it is worth while to pay attention to
iheir impiovemcnt. Many of them arc good in form
and habit but poor in colour, yet there is probably no
reason why, with judicious crossing and selection.
Asters should not be got of the brightest shades of
blue and pink, and of the purest white. They form
h}br:ds readily, and though some of the best, as
A. amellus, are shy about ripening seed, nearly all
win do so in the south-east of England in favourable
se^sjns like this.

But there are many gardens in which Asters are
grown year after year, without any attempt being
made to use the best available material. The weedy
rubbish often to be seen in nursery gardens is enough to set
amateurs against the whole class of such plants, and
it must be owned that if neither names are to be
trusted nor a good collection to be seen within reach,
I he would-be cultivator finds himself in perplexity;
?nd this is a class of flower which must be seen to be
properly appreciated : a handful of gathered flowers
gives no idea of the effect of a well-grown plant, with
the bloom advantageously displayed by wide spread-
ing and waving branches.

Some of the most elegant of garden ornaments, as
A. cordifolius and A. undulatus (of A. Gray), have
individual flowers quite small and shabby. Much also
depends upon the way in which Asters are grown. If
left to themselves, and not divided, and transplanted,
many of them soon deteriorate ; positions suitable to
each must be chosen, as some like shade and mois-
ture, and others full exposure to sun. It must be
remembered that their native country spreads over
extensive latitudes ; some must have the warmest
position in the garden if they are to flower at all, and
even with this advantage such late flowers as A.
grandiflorus seldom resists the frost.

It is difficult without experience of each kind to
know to what height it will grow ; to expect that
because an Aster is called Irevis, or Novi«-Angli.-e, or
versicolor, that it will follow the normal habit of these
species is a great mistake. I have forms of Novgs-
Angliai which refuse to flower till they have reached
a height of 7 feet, and others of the same species
hardly exceed 4 feet. The same may be said of the
time of coming into flower, which may extend in
varieties of one species from the beginning of August
to the end of October.

I write as one who has paid much attention to the
cultivation of Asters, though I have given up all hope
of making all my garden forms fit botanical names.
The best plan for those who wish to grow Asters in
the most ornamental way is to collect all the good
Asters they can find, and to test them in some trial
bed for a season, and then arrange them accordingly.
No plants bear moving about better at any time
1 etween October and the end of April, C, IVoUcy
Dod.

A GOSSIP ON GARDENS.

The autumn session of the Richmond Alhcna'um
was opened at the Collcf^e Hall on Monday last, when
Sir Trevor Lawrence, M.P., delivered the openinf^
r.ddress, his subject being, **A Gossip on Gardens and
iJatdening," and from which we extract the follow-
ing portions, from the Riihinond and Twickctiliam
'I inus.

One of the first things which foreigners say when
they came to this country is, not that there are
gardens in England, but that the whole of England
is a gardon ; and really they must feel that that was
hardly an exaggeration when they compared the
country as they saw it in England with other countries
oil the Continent. He did not suppose there ever
was a people who had so keen a love of gardening as
the English. Wherever they went in the woild they
found English and Scotch gardeners doing good
work. Now, taste was a very delicate subject to

touch upon ; but at the same time, as one who was
a lover of gardens, he felt bound to protest against
[he fashion for ribbon and carpet bedding which had
displaced much that was lovely in our gardens. L-^t
those who had a fancy for these things look at an
old-fashioned garden, and if they did not say that the
latter was infinitely the more beautiful he should be
very much surprised. He thought there was to some
extent now a reaction against that absurdity. If they
looked at one of the ribbon or carpet beds in Hyde
Tark they would see that an elaborate process of
trimming and pinching and poking was going on con-
tinually, and nothing had the opportunity of growing as
Nature would incline it to do. Anything more un-
natural it would be impossible to produce. He
thought they were perhaps hardly aware, when they
walked round their gardens, what an immense debt
of gratitude they owed to people who had brought
most beautiful productions to decorate their gardens
from almost every quarter of the globe. They got so
accustomed to what they called common Bowers — such
as, for instance, the Pelargonium, which came from
the Cape of Good Hope ; the Heliotrope, a Peruvian
plant ; and the Dahlia, from Mexico — that they
forgot how many of them had been gathered together
with great labour from every part of the world. That
led him to think of that which had to do, not with
taste, but with fashion in gardens. His experience
was that if they wanted to ruin anything completely,
they should get fashion and fashionable people to
take it up. Just now the beautiful but rather stiff
and comparatively formal double Dahlias were out of
fashion, and were very seldom seen. We had instead
got single Dahlias. The other day he was talking to
a nuseryman — one of course who had an eye to the
main chance— and he told him that single Dahlias
had passed their day. He explained that by saying
that they had been very fashionable, but now they
were going out of fashion, and soon we should see
them no more. He then went on to say it was
known to almost everybody that nearly all the
double flowers that we saw were the results of
hybridising. It was impossible to exaggerate the
great debt we owed to gardening skill in that matter.
Take such a common thing as the ordinary garden
Pelargonium. The petals of the one he had in his coat
would have fallen long ago it it had been a single
Pelargonium, and they all knew the care taken by
people at Covent Garden to gum in the petals of the
single Pelargonium, so that, in addition to the double
variety, they got that permanence in the flower which
they did not get in the single variety. There were
ten or a dozen natural species of Dahlia, but almost
all our double Dahlias came from one species. With
regard to the exploits of gardeners, he did not think
anything had been more gratifying as an instance of
skill in introducing a plant which was an inhabitant
of one country into another, than the services ren-
dered by Kew Gardens in introducing quinine-bearing
plants into India. Three of the great staples which
produced the food of mankind — the Potato, the Vine,
and the Coffee plant — were attacked by very serious
diseases. Any one who would devote intelligent
attention, such as M. Pasteur had devoted to the
diseases of animals, to the diseases of plants, would
perhaps make a discovery which would benefit the
whole human race.

Sir Trevor said that his own particular hobby was
the cultivation of Orchids, which were, he thought,
on the whole, the most interesting of the great
botanical families. It was impossible to make any
reference to Orchids without having one's mind
brought to the writings of Mr. Darwin, who
described with extraordinary lucidity some of
the many contrivances by which Orchids were
fertilised. Of late years the taste for these
plants had wonderfully developed. He knew one
importer who employed a staff of fourteen collectors
in different parts of the world. They were nearly all
Germans, as he found them more easily satisfied and
more sober than Englishmen. He paid them from
^75 to ;{^I50 a year and all expenses. He paid all
ouigoings while they were away, and their pay
accumulated in their absence. lOach one cost him in
wages and expenses about /^I200 a year. Then he
had at his establishment 2 acres of glass devoted
entirely to Orchids, and employed fifty persons, whose
wages amounted to about ^io a week, so that he
must be spending about ^"19,000 a year on collectors
and wages only, not allowing anything for coals, rates
and taxes, interest on capital, and other charges.
As to the value of Orchids, he had known /,'25o to

be given for a single plant. That was for an imported
plant which, perhaps, had not cost the importer more
than 5^., but it turned out to be of rare and extreme
beauty. He could understand a large sum being
given for a hybrid Orchid, which, perhaps, could only
be obtained of the person who had produced it, but
the case was different with imported plants, for one
which was imported to-day could be imported again
to-morrow, so that a plant which fetched ,^100 to-day
might not be worth a hundred pence tomorrow. Sir
Trevor then gave, with the assistance of some
diagrams, a very interesting account of the fertilisation
of Orchids.

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

May I ask you kindly to announce, in reply to
numerous inquiries, that the collection for this year
in aid of the Pension Augmentation Fund will close
on November 30 next ? The committee are deter-
mined, if possible, to raise the amount of the pensions,
but they do not consider it safe (and this has been
frequently stated) to make this large increase of
expenditure (over ^^400 a year) until the reserve fund
has reached 1^20,000, thus placing it beyond doubt
that the annuities can always be met. I am very fearful
that many of your readers are not aware that a name-
less but generous gentleman has promised (and he
spoke to me on the subject a few days ago) to give
the sum of £yx>, provided the amount of ^1750 be
secured by December 31 next, thus making the
;^30,ooo, which, invested in 3 per cent. Consol?,
would bring in an income of ^600 per annum. By
the strenuous exertions of the committee we are
within a reasonable distance of attaining the desired
object, but it now depends upon the gardeners them-
selves whether we do so or not.

To complete the sum of /^20,ooo we require about
£11,20, but I regret to say that, so far as I can at
present see, there is little chance of it being obtained.
It is a curious fact that many gardeners and others
who have been persistent in urging the increase of the
pensions, and stating what they would do in the event
of it taking place, will not in the slightest degree
assist the committee.

I am sure you will agree with me that it will be
a lasting disgrace upon the liberality of the gardening
profession if throughout the length and breadth of
old England, where over 20,000 gardeners are em-
ployed, the paltry sum of ^£^420 cannot be raised.

True (as a rule) gardeners do not receive large
wages. If they did there would hardly be a necessity
for this Institution. But there are many gardeners
holding good positions (and who take many prizes)
to whom a trifle, say loj. or 20J, , could not and
would not be an obiect ; and if these would only
combine together in one common cause (viz., to assist
their distressed brethren), and sink their petty objec-
tions to this rule and that rule, the object of the
committee would be easily attained and they would
have the satisfaction of knowing that they had con-
tributed to assist in their old age many who from
various circumstances had been unable to provide
for themselves.

Why [so many of] the gardeners withhold support
to the Institution I, after an experience of forty-two
years, am at a loss to understand. They are, as a rule
known to be charitable, and a good and intelligent
class of men, but somehow they fail to see the benefits
of and to support the Institution.

How often has it been my unpleasant position to
see a man who has lived all his time and served with
fidelity and truthfulness a family— that family dies
out, the estate passes into the hands of a stranger who
knows little, and cares less, for the old servant. I Ic is
discharged without a provision, and probably with
little savings, and he has to apply to this Institution
for assistance.

H he has been a subscriber for fjfieen years and
upwards (which, I am sorry to say, is not a common
occurrence), and he complies with the rules, he is, at
the first opportunity, placed upon the list of pensioners
without the slightest troul)le or election, and in one
year he receives back nearly all that he has paid to
the Institution. As an example I would state that
one pensioner who had subscribed eighteen years was
placed on the list in :S5o ; he has received the sum of
^{,384, and he is still living. Surely this is placing
money out to very good interest.

If he has not so subscribed he has to stand the
chance of an election, and that may, and it usually

October iS, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

49t

does, extend over many years ; and we all know
(he old proverb Ihat " Hope deferred maketh (he
heart sick."

Under these circumstances I venture to appeal to
the good feeling which should, and I believe does,
exist throujjhout the j^ardeninj; community. It now
remains with the gardeners, and g.ardeners alone, to
determine if the pensions shall be raised during the
ensuing year. Gentlemen employers of labour and
others interested in horticubure have done their part,
and, as I said before, it depends upon gardeners if
the comforts of their poor professional brethren in
their old age and days of distress are to be increased.

One word in conclusion, and of this I am sure, that
if the gardeners, as a body, will only show their
willingness to assist the Institution there are many
gentlemen who will come forward with their money
and influence ; and one thing is certain, that any
gardener who may lend us a hand, no matter how
small (for a man can only give in proportion to his
means), will never regret his generosity and will
sleep none the worse (or having assisted to the best
of his endeavours in this work of charity. E. K,
Culler, Sec.

NEWNHAM PADDOX.

This, the Leicestershire seat of the Karl of Den-
bigh, is situated some 6 or 7 miles from the town of
Uugby in a north-westerly direction, and I mile from
the picturesque village of Monks Kirby, which is
remarkable for the neat, cleanly appearance of its
roomy, old-fashioned thatched cottages, the wooden
gables of which lead the imagination back to times
when the incessant whirl and din of the busy railway
scene we had just left were unknown and uolhought
of, and when perchance, despite our habit of seeing
things alone as they are in this age of steam and
tamed lightning, there was as much in the world
worth living for as nov;. At all events, if the spirits
of the departed from whom the place takes its name,
and who rest *neath the shade of the old village
church, compare times past with the present, they will
not fail to see that the gain is not all with those who
have come after them.

Newnham Paddox has been long in the possession
of the present family, being acquired by them through
the marriage of Sir William Fielding, grandson of
Jeflery, Count of Hapsburg, with Joan Prudhomme,
grand-daughter and heiress of Robert de Newnham,
in the fourteenth century. The present Earl, Rudolph
William Basil Fielding, eighth Earl, and a Count of
the Holy Roman Empire, succeeded his father in
1865.

On from the village already named the road leads
to the entrance of the park, passing through the
gates of which there is a long stretch of carriage-
drive, with a noble avenue composed of Oaks and
Elms, fine old trees, with tall clean massive trunks,
still healthy and vigorous ; the drive then diverges to
the right in the direction of the mansion, at some
distance from which there has been an alteration in
the course it once followed, made nesessary by the
erection of a gateway quite recently placed at about
150 yards from the building. These gates, which I
was told were brought from another of the Earl's
estates, are of unusual size, and are of wrought iron
worked in a most elaborate style.

They are extremely beautiful, and are embellished
with the coat of arms of the family. They have
lately been restored by Messrs. Barnard, Bishop
& Barnard, of Norwich, and in their present position
are very ornamental. As those acquainted with this
part of the country know, the surface for a consider-
able distance is comparatively level, but the park,
which is about 200 acres in extent, as well as the
adjacent land, is pleasingly undulated. The other
entrance to the park is eastward of the one already
named, and leads from Lutterworth. The road lead-
ing from the gates to the entrance-front facing south-
wards is planted on each side with a row of Araucarias,
backed by a second row of Cedars, the trees com-
posing both of which have attained a handsome size.
Right and left of these is a good extent of lawn,
dotted over, but not too much so, with trees, con-
sisting of Elms, Oaks, Thorns, Acacias, and Conifers
of various kinds ; a few, including Cedars of Lebanon
and Weymouth Pines, that are old and in a state of
decay, have been cfothed with Ivy, in which way
they become effective objects. The higher ground to
the westward of the mansion is well clothed with
treei:, which afford shelter from the winds coming

from that direction. The mansion, which is large
and handsome, is built of red brick, with light-
coloured stone dressings, has been in a great
measure rebuilt from designs by the late Mr.
W'yatt, who also designed the handsome new church
adjoining ; completed in iSSo, after being in hand
three years. The church was opened when \'iscount
Fielding, the eldest son, came of^ age, to commemorate
which a tree (.Vines magnifica) was planted near.
On the soulh-caslern front of the mansion there is a
raised terrace, at the bottom of which is a large flower
garden in the angular formal style, there being in the
centre a fountain ; the garden is well filled with suit-
able plants, and has a good many shrubs of pyramidal
shape standing amongst the beds which do much to
relieve the sameness of the straight lines, and of
narrow gravel paths between the beds and grass
verges. On the closely mown lawn to the southern
side of this garden, amongst a number of specimen
trees, there is a good example of Catalpa which
flowers freely. A sunk fence separates this part of
the grounds from the park. Looking north-easterly
from the terrace the grounds are charming, forming as
they do a valley, through which runs a small stream
that has been turned to account so as to form two
large pieces of water at dilferent levels. The ground
between the one nearest the lake and the mansion is
occupied by large and irregular clumps of Rhododen-
drons— dense masses, out of which spring at intervals
small deciduous trees and erect growing evergreens,
8ueh as golden and Irish Vews, Libocedrus decurrens,
with here and there a plant of Acer Negundo variega-
tum, which here in such positions is seen to advantage.
A winding walk leads from the terrace through the
grounds just described.

Following the eastern side of the lower pond we
come to a pretty thatched Ivy-clad tea-house, a cool
shady retreat in hot weather. The planting in this
direction has been well done, and along with the
ordinary evergreen and deciduous shrubs, such things
as Foxgloves, the giant Cow Parsnip (Heracleum
giganteum), Spirsas, climbing Roses, t'vrc, are freely
introduced. Still following this walk a small clump
of fine old Scotch Firs, with tall straight stems and
broad spreading heads, is found. Passing round the
higher end of this piece of water, which is divided
from the second pond to the north-east, we come to a
large gnarled, very old Yew still full of vigour. The
walk returns on the western side towards the man-
sion, and is bounded by a considerable space of turf
planted with a good selection of evergreen and
deciduous trees, at distances far enough apart to
admit of their growing to their full siie. On the
higher ground, beyond these young trees, are some
splendid specimens of Beeches with immense spread-
ing heads and massive trunks, which shows unmifi
takably that they at least escaped the infliction of
over-crowding in their early growth. Advantage has
been taken of the stream which feeds these ponds to
secure that great boon in a garden — a plentiful supply
of water.

From this part of the grounds a broad gravel walk
leads to the south-west side of the house ; here we
find more fine Beech, Horse Chestnuts, and Oaks ;
there is a good space of grass in this direction, inter-
spersed with trees, which divides the grounds sur-
rounding the mansion from the walled garden and
houses. On each side of the walk leading to these
there is a row of standard Cherries, large trees, this
year not carrying much fruit. The kitchen garden is
a good-sized old-fashioned one, in form ncarlya square,
with substantial walls all round, planted with fruit
trees of the usual kinds, but which this season are
not bearing much fruit. The walks arc broad, and
have well kept edgings of Box. A row of select
kinds of Apples and Pears are grown en each side of
the walks at a distance sufficient to admit of a mode-
rately wide border of herbaceous plants, a good
assortment of which are grown and do very well.

The first of a range of lean-to houses is "a narrow
structure, with Brown Turkey Figs covering the back
wall. Adjoining this is a vinery, which is forced for
the second crop ; it is planted with Muscat of Alex-
andria, Bowood Muscat, and Black Hamburgh Vines.
The next house is occupied by some old Black Ham-
burgh Vines, between which Muscat of Alexandria
are planted to take their places, which are making
satisfactory progress.

We now come to a house planted with young Vines
two years ago, that are to be forced to come in the
earliest ; they have made good canes for the time they
have been in. This leads to another vinery, mostly

of the Hamburgh variety, bearing a nice crop. In
this house there was a long row of Cypripedium
insigne. in excellent condition, already beginning to
push up their flowers. Leading from this vinery
there is a narrow Peach case, with the trees covering
the back wall ; the kinds are Royal (leorge and
Noblesse, very good trees, that liad borne a good
crop this season.

At a short distance away there is another Peach-
house containing the varieties Rivers' Early, Early
York, Royal George, and Late Admirable and Elruge
Nectarines, carrying a very good crop. Not far from
the wall against which the foregoing houses are
placed are two hip-roofed vineries, both carrying a
heavy crop ; one is all of Black Hamburghs, the
second of late kinds. Black Alicante and Lady
Downe's. Of a range of pits in front of these vine-
ries one is filled with (Gardenias, planted out and
growing freely, as they usually do where so treated ;
another has succession Melons. Near these is another
range, in which are more Melons and some Cucum-
bers. Other pits and frames are occupied by various
plants for winter flowering, that promise to afford a
good supply at this season. Out-of-doors were a
number of Azaleas, healthy plants used for forcing.
Chrysanthemums are grown in quantity, and well
done, as also Eupatoriums, which are favourites here,

On the opposite side of this garden, on the north-
east side of the wall, is a hip- roofed plant stove, occu-
pied by the usual flowering and fine-leaved subjects,
all in nice condition. Attached to this house is a
small fernery, arranged in a natural way, with most
of the occupants planted out, intermixed with fine-
leaved Begonias that so employed never fail to look
well. Overhead on the roof are grown Bougainvilleas
glabra and spectabilis. On the opposite side of the
wall to this Fern-house and the stove facing south-
west is a conservatory, against the back wall of which
are grown a number of climbers, including the Tac-
Eonias, Plumbago capensis, Jasminums, &c. The
body of the house is filled with Tree Ferns, Palms,
Camellias, some planted out and others in pots. A
stage running the entire length adjoining the front
is occupied with various greenhouse flowering plants
which give Ihe house a bright appearance.

Right and left of the walk leading from this con-
servatory are two grand specimen plants of the
Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria elegans), which are
amongst the most perfect examples of this fine tree
I have met with. Southwards from this there is a
considerable open space in grass which has been
planted with a variety of coniferous and deciduous
trees, which promise to be a success ; position and the
requisite shelter favour them, and the situation being
elevated and the soil of a nature to suit them, there is
little doubt but that they will grow in time into
beautiful specimens. This is a department which Mr.
Brenchley, the gardener here, takes especial interest
i 1, and which shows by the judicious positions chosen
for particular kinds, that he can judge what will be
the ultimate effect produced. Large beds of Laurel
kept low by annual cutting-in, give the charm of
variety to the grounds in this part. We now come
to the Rose garden which is planted with standards,
amongst which dwarfs have been introduced.

To the north-west of the walled garden there is a
good sized house used for the double purpose of pro-
pagating the numbers of plants required for green-
house and stove decoration, bedding stock, &c,, and
also for growing on table plants, and such things as
afford flowers in winter, amongst which were a well-
grown lot of Calanthe Veitchii and C. vestita, Euchiris
amazonica, with Draca:aas, Crotons, Caladiunis,
and Acalyphya tricolor, which is here much used, its
bright red leaves rendering it very effective when
associated with Ferns or other green-leaved subjects.
Near this is an orchard with the trees in a good
bearing condition ; the crop here this season is better
than in some parts of the country. At a short
distance to the north of the enclosed gardens there is
a large space devoted to the cultivation of culirary
vegetables which are collectively well managed, the
position being open, and free from the shade of
trees or buildings. Mr. Brenchley, who has had
charge of the gardens here for eleven years, is heart
and soul in his work ; and as rarely fails when
such is the case, each department bears evidence of
the care and attention bestowed on it. The extensive
alterations in the grounds, which the rebuilding of
the mansion has necessitated, havo also been carried
out by him, and he may be congratulated upon th"
way the \york has been executed. T, B,

492

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October iS, i8

rlii0rfteTO.

ArAucaria imbricata. — I enclose you a photo-
graph of an Araucaria imbricata which is growing on
the lawn here, I cannot learn the exact time it was
planted, but in 1S45 it was not 3 feet high, and it is
now 42 feet high, with a girth of 5 feet 11 inches at 3
feet from the ground. I think it a perfect specimen, as
the branches lying on the ground are as green as those
at the top. I cannot learn that it has ever borne cones.
There is another tree here, of the same age ; it has
lost all its lower branches, yet it bears cones every
year, but which never mature. Is it a general thing
for trees bearing cones not to be so healthy as those
that do not ? [The cones do not mature because
there are no male catkins in the neighbourhood. Ed.]
I should be glad to know if there are many trees as fine
as the one of which I send the photograph. I have
heard many persons say that they have not seen one
so fine. George Busby, Thorn Hill Park, Bitterne.

Flowering Shrubs. — Messrs. Veitch send us from
their Coombe Wood nurseries a boxful of specimens ot
interesting flowering shrubs. Among them we find :—

Caryopteris mastacanthus. — A very beautiful
Verbenaceous shrub, with hoary leaves and clusters
of lilac-blue flowers, with projecting stamens.

BuDDLEYA LiNDLEYANA.— A very different plant
from the old B. globosa, this one having dark green
glabrous ovate lanceolate leaves and long spikes of
narrow tubular flowers. Our plant was killed in the
severe winters at the beginning of the present decade.

Arbutus Croomii is a variety of the common
A, Unedo with dark red hairy branches, obovate,
serrate leaves and terminal panicles of vase-shaped
flowers of a rich pink colour on the sunny side, the
narrow margin of the corolla being greenish and
reflexed.

Arbutus microphyllA is probably a variety of
Unedo, with pinkish, glabrous branches, and narrow
oblong lanceolate leaves. The small urn-shaped
flowers are whitish, produced in profusion on the
ends of the branches.

Arbutus canariensis. — In this the young wood
is green and glabrous, the thick dark green shortly
stalked leaves are broadly lanceolate, tapering at both
ends. The flowers are elongate, vase-shaped, rich
rose-pink in colour, and arranged in drooping panicles.
This form is particularly beautiful.

Cneorum tricoccum.— a very old-fashioned but
little known shrub, which attracts every one's atten-
tion, but which few seem to grow. The stiff ascend-
ing sessile narrow deep green leaves, an inch or two
long, arc of themselves attractive. The small yellow
flowers are not remarkable, but they are followed by
a dark red globular berry divided into three rounded
lobes about the size of a Sloe, which is very singular
in appearance.

Berberis Fortunei. — A robust evergreen with
pinnate leaves, the leaflets of which are narrow oblong
lanceolate and spiny at the margins. The small
yellow flowers are produced in great abundance in
numerous racemes clustered at the ends of the
branches.

Japanese Conifer/e. — There is an impression
gaining ground among cultivators that not a few of
the Japanese Coniferse are somewhat disappointing.
Take the Retinosporas, for instance j they are all that
can be desired when young and small ; but as soon
as they get into anything like size they turn rusty
round the main stem, and this spreads outwards along
the branches until they take on a half-decayed appear-
ance, and their ornamental beauty is lost. There are
some specimens o( Retinospora plumosa at Chiswick
3 to 4 feet high, that are in a sadly disfigured state,
and will have to be removed. It is the plumosa type
that are the greatest offenders in this way. R. pisi-
fera is very free, hardy, and handsome, but though it
becomes touched with rust in the centre it is not
nearly so apparent as in the case of R. plumosa.
Compare these seedy looking Retinosporas as one
sees them at Chiswick with Thuia elegantissima, with
its dense foliage and not a mark of rust, or with what
is even more attractive, ^'oung's variety of Juniperus
chinensis aurea. This last, though attractive at Chis-
wick, is not to be compared with the rich golden
sheen it takes on at the Milford Nurseries, where a
large breadth of it is a conspicuous feature. It would
appear that the varieties of R. plumosa can be but of
little value after they become a certain age. Those
who employ them for outdoor garden decoration in

winter will probably keep them in pretty good form
by reason of the bi- yearly transplantation they undergo.
Those who grow them into a large size must, we fear,
content themselves with seeing them take on the
rusty condition above referred to. D. [The next
season's growth conceals this, or where it does not
adds greatly to the beauty by the contrast between the
silver and the brown. Ed.]

PARROTTIA PERSICA.

Now that the leaves are assuming their glorious
hues of gold and brown, we may be excused for

Fir, 89 —FLOWERS OF PARROTTIA Pi RSIlA

again calling attention to this still little known
shrub. It is perfectly hardy, and the colour of
its foliage in autumn is rich beyond comparison,
shades of crimson and orange deepening off into
ruddy-brown along the margins and tips ol the leaves,
often leaving the centre green. The form of the
leaves is not unlike that of those of the common Hazel.
The flowers are rarely produced — at least we have only
seen them once, when they were shown at the Royal
Horticultural Society during last spring by Messrs.
W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, who kindly alTorded
u-i an opportunity of sketching the flowers (fig. Sg).
They are of botanical interest chiefly, as the chief value
ol the plant for garden purposes resides in the leaf.

Thd; Chrysanthemum.— The plants are usually
taken into the houses where they are to bloom from
the first to the fourth day in this month ; but, tempted
by the exceptionally fine weather, they were left out
until the rapidly falling barometer signified a change.
It came, with wind, rain, and a very much lower
temperature. We got them in before they received
any damage. The buds, of course, were all well set,
and most of the plants that required sticks placed to
them had this done before they were taken in.
Another thing must not be forgotten ; they are sure
to suffer much from the attacks of mildew, but if the
leaves are well dusted with flowers of sulphur at the
lime they are taken into the house this pest will not
do much mischief. They ought not to be too closely
placed together, else the flowers will not be first-rate.
They should also be placed close to the glass, if pos-
sible, especially when it is intended to exhibit the
flowers in a cut state. Their beauties are developed
much better when they can get the maximum of light
and air that it is possible to give them. The large
and loose Bowers come up to the standard of excel-
lence much better when they can be well exposed to
the light. The specimen plants, whether they are
the large flowering varieties in II -inch pots or the
pompons in g-inch, will have filled their pots so
full of roots that they will require very large and con-
stant supplies of water. If they suffer for want of
water, so that the leaves droop, the result will be that
many of them will drop off', and the plants be ren-
dered unsightly. The only way to obtain the best
results is to pay constant attention to such plants.

Those that are grown to produce single blooms are
not filled so full of roots, and consequently do not
require so much water — probably not more than about
twice in a week — while the others might require it
daily.

The Pelargonium. — The show section have now
arrived at that stage when they may be repotted into
larger pots — at least, all of them that are expected to
flower early. Good-sized specimens that were placed
in 6-inch and 7 -inch pots may now be repotted into a
size larger — 8-inch and 9-inch. Before blooming
time is over the mass of soil will be transformed into
a compact ball of roots ; it is therefore necessary that
the soil should be exactly suited to the requirements
of the plants. Some crushed bones added to the
compost, that has been previously recommended, will
support the plants better than anything else. I like
to have the soil moderately moist before the plant is
turned out, and in that case it will not require any
water for a week at least after it has been repotted.
Those plants that may be intended to flower late need
not be repotted until early in February. What have
been, for want of a better name, termed decorative
Pelargoniums, require the same treatment as the
others. They are more easily managed, owing to
their generally more vigorous constitution. The
fancy section is the one that contains the most deli-
cately constitutioned plants ; they require a little more
warmth during the winter months, and the potting
soil ought to be more open— made so by adding some
sharp white sand to the compost. The zonal Pelar-
goniums are now beginning to be very useful. The
Chrysanthemums will soon be in full beauty, but
there is not much at this season besides ; it is, there-
fore, a great boon to be able to flower this section of
the Pelargonium as well in the winter as in the sum-
mer. The pots should be moderately full of roots by
this time, and the plants ought to be managed so that
the first blooms will begin to open early in November.
The temperature at night should be from 50° to 55",
and no more moisture should be allowed in the house
except what may be spilled in watering the plants.
A constant circulation of air is very desirable. J.
Don;;las, llford.

Double Chinese Primroses.— The fact that
one seldom sees a collection of these — for there arc
now several varieties — may be taken as proof that
somehow or the other they are dilhcult to grow. Mr.
John Reeves, of Acton, who grows the old double
white Primula as largely as any man in England, and
perhaps better, informs me that he cannot succeed
with the newer sorts ; and even if he could, in regard
to profusion of bloom, they would be far behind the

October iS, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

493

old double while. Every one must admit that
Gilbert's new varieties are most attractive ; but where
in the London district, except at the Chiswick Gar-
dens of the Royal Horticultural Society, are they
to be met with ? I think that they and the double

come nearly if not quite white. Whether this
will rival the old double white in popularity, re-
mains to be seen, but it is deserving a trial. Pro-
bably the main reason why gardeners who attempt to
grow double white Chinese Primroses are not success-

do this. But there yet remains the acknowledgment
made byMr. Reeves,withwhichwe started — that he fails
to succeed with the new double varieties, though such
great success attends his treatment of the old double
white i and he treats the lormer just as he does the

Fig, 90.— foliage of parrottia persica, and scale from leaf magnified, (see p, 492.)

Cinerarias also have failed to hold their own in thecom-
petition for public favour, A new form of the double
Primula sinensis, named Annie Hillier, is just being
announced. This was certificated by the Royal
Horticultural Society in 18S0, and it is said to
be both free-growing and free-flowering. The
habit Is robust, and the colour is bright salmon-
pink ; but if grown in warmth the flowers will

ful with them is because they have to mix with them
other plants, and are thus prevented from giving them
the amount of dryness of atmosphere they require at
certain periods of the year. In not a few cases the
plant-houses are altogether unsuited to the growth of
the plants, A market grower builds houses suited to
the requirements of the particular plants he largely
cultivates ; it is very seldom, indeed, a gardener can

latter, A little discussion might be the means of
bringing to light some important facts in reference to
the successful culture of these double Primulas, R. D,

Publications Received.— /(;>-«/j of the Oural,
by T. Croumbie Brown, LL.D. (Oliver & Boyd),
The Gardeners' Monthly and HorlicuUunit (Phila-
delphia, Oct. 1884),

494

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October iS, 1884.

JhE pFiOPAQATOR.

The Propagation or Greenhouse Rhodo-
dendrons (the Jasmine-flowered Section).—
This season of the year is the best for the propagation
of these beautiful plants. They bloom at almost any
season, and so freely that under proper treatment they
are scarcely ever out of flower. During recent years
great attention has been paid to their culture, with
wonderful results, and now in all quarters they are
rapidly becoming more popular. The Jasmine sec-
tion comprises the varieties R. jasminiflorum, R.
javanicum, and R. Lobbii, together with the follow-
ing hybrids raised therefrom, viz., Princess Royal
(pink flowers), Duchess of Teck (buff), Duchess of
Edinburgh (rich crimson). Princess Alexandra (white),
Taylori (pink with white tube), Maiden's Blush (pale
rose), and Duchess of Connaught (bright red). These
plants, with the exception of R. Lobbii and R.
javanicum (which should be grown in an intermediate-
house), although grown in the greenhouse, require a
slightly warmer temperature than the other greenhouse
varieties. To propagate them from cuttings the
medium-sized growths should be selected ; it is not
necessary to make the cuttings at a joint, but it is
necessary that the wood and the foliage should
be quite ripe, and that they should be about
3 inches in length. Some importance is attached
to the method of cutting the cuttings, which
contrary to the usual practice are made by making a
slanting cut down the side of the cutting to the depth
of about a quarter of its thickness. The cuttings
should be potted into long thumbs, and should be
pressed very firmly into the soil, and after having
been watered they can be placed in the cutting frame.
If strong plants are required quickly, it becomes
necessaiy to graft. Princess Alexandra is the best
stock for grafting any of the above named varieties
upon, and being very free to strike, rapidly produces
good plants. Side-grafting is generally considered
the best, and the operation should be performed as
near the pot as possible. To begin with the stock,
it is usual to make a perpendicular cut down the side
of the stem, an inch long and to the depth of a quarter
its thickness, the knife should however be withdrawn
without completing the cut, which should be done from
the; outside by severing the half-detached piece of stem
by a downward slanting cut, thus forming a cleft like
I lie baib of a fish-hook, in which to lodge the end of
the graft. The graft should now be made to fit the
stock to which it should be securely bound with strong
matting and placed in a cutting frame.

Culture. — I. For the Cutliw:^s, — A place should
be prepared on the bed of an intermediate-
house to receive a shallow cutting-frame. It
will not be necessary to make this more than
about 6 inches deep, because it will be found that the
cuttings grow best near the glass. The soil for pot-
ting should be composed of three-quarters good peat
and one-quarter sand ; to every bushel of this soil
should be added a 4S-potful of finely-broken pot-
sherds and one of yellow loam ; the whole to be well
mixed together, and sifted through a j-inch sieve.
The cuttings must never be closely shut up ; if the
frame is covered wilh a single light it must be raised
an inch day and ni;:;ht, but should separate pieces of
glass be used instead of a light a quarter of an inch
space should be left between each piece, so as, in
e/ery case, to ad'ord free ventilation. It will be
necessary to look over the cuttings every morning,
and to water the ones which have become dry, and
to gently spiinkle the whole overhead with a line
rose*pot. The glasses should be kept off the frame
for an hour each morning, and the cuttings must be
shaded from the rays of the sun. When well rooted,
turn the cuttings out on to the front platform of the
house, where they should be allowed to remain fur
one month to gain strength for potting. At the end
of that time they can be potted into 6o's, and then
replaced upon the stage or platform. The varieties
above-mentioned do not seem to thrive so well on a
cold bottom as they do upon a wooden stage or plat-
form whtjre there is a free circulation of air. During
the summer months they must be constantly syringed
in order to prevent the attacks of thrips, to which the
plants are subject. They should be well watered
but never allowed to become soddencd. On warm
nights the air need not be \A-.^w v\i^ but the ventila-
tion must be so regulated as to avoid cold draughts,
which may seriously injure the plants.

In winter great attention must be paid to the young
plants especially with regard to the watering, which
should not be done unless they are thoroughly dry ;
syringing is to be withheld, but they should be ven-
tilated every morning, the weather permitting. The
temperature of the house should be kept as low as
possible, having only sufficient warmth to prevent the
frost injuring the plants.

2. For the Grafts, — After making the grafts the
plants should be watered with a spout pot, care being
taken not to wet the graft itself, and they can then be
placed in a grafting-frame, shutting them up quite
close and letting them have hardly any air or
water for the first week. After that lime the dry
plants should be picked out and watered. Ventilation
should be given by removing the glasses or lights from
the case for an hour in the morning and they should
be shaded from the sun.

A little fungus often appears on the matting with
which the graft is secured, which will commit great
ravagesamongst the whole batchif not speedily removed.
It is best to rub it off with a piece of cloth when it
does appear, but a constant eye should be kept on the
grafts to prevent it. When the grafts have well united,
and for three weeks after, the frame-lights should be
raised an inch day and night for ventilation. At the
end [of that time they should be placed outside the
frame for a few weeks until it is in a fit condition to
have the stock cut back to the graft, and in conduct-
ing this operation care should be taken not to cut the
graft at the same time. The matting on the graft
should now be replaced by two small pieces, one tied
round the top and the other round the bottom of the
graft, in order to prevent its getting knocked ofi". They
should now be potted in soil composed of half good
turfy peat, one-quarter loam, and one-quarter sand,
to every barrowful of which should be added a 32-
potful each of broken potsherds and of charcoal in
pieces of Hazel-nut size, the whole being well mixed
together. They can now be placed on a platform,
watered lightly, and syringed occasionally. It should,
however, be borne in mind, that if healthy plants are
required, their roots should be disturbed as little as
possible. T\0„ Oct. 6.

{To be continued.^

|jrd|id lolcK and |lfaiiiup.

A Ni:\v AciAMSiA.— According to the Genera
rianlaruin the genus Aganisia is comprised of half a
dozen terrestrial and epiphytal Orchids, wiih fleshy
pseudobulbs and plicate ensiform leaves. To this
genus the plant known in gardens as Warrea cyanea is
referred, as also is the Kcellensteinia graminea of the
Botanical Magazine (t. 633S). The genus Warrea
is now limited to two species, one of which is (iguicd
at t. 4235 of the Botanical Magazine under the name
of Maxillaria Warreana, and which is probably the
Warrea discolor of gardens. la the Orchid-house at
Kew there is now flowering a new species of Aganisia
to which a name has not yet been given. In general
characters this plant approaches A, (Warrea) cyanea,
but differs from that plant in several particulars. The
JCew plant has tufted ensiform leaves, which are a
foot long, leathery in texture, dull green, and have
three prominent nerves running from base tu point.
Tlie flower-spike is erect, 18 inches long, as thick as
a quill, and reddish brown at the base. It bears on
the upper portion about a score of flowers which are
an inch wide. The petals and sepals are pure white,
their tips, along with the petiole, being purple. The
lip is scoop-shaped, with two small teeth on its lower
edge. In colour it is white, blotched wiih yellow
and deep blue. This plant has been obtained from
Demerara. Judging by the Kew plant which, though
small, is bearing several flower-spikes, this new
addition to cultivated Orchids should prove a good
garden plant. It is terrestrial in its habits, and
appears to thrive in a mixture of loam and sand.
When growing it likes plenty of water. Like the
other cultivated species of yVganlsia, this new addition
will require a long rest in winter, to be started in the
spring in a warm moist house. A',

DisA GRANDIFLORA, — A specimen of this beauti-
ful Orchid has been flowering splendidly in the collec-
tion of R. N. iJatt, Esq., Purdysburn, Belfast. There
were ninety-live spikes in one pan, so it was a grand

sight. Mr. Voung, the gardener, is very successful in
growing this plant, as well as Ouvirandra fenestralis.
lie has a plant of the latter 3 feet across — a magnifi-
cent specimen. It succeeds well, growing under the
stage in an Orchid-house where the light is subdued,
A. Outram,

Epidendrum MACROCHILUM ALitUM. — In large
genera like the present we have many extremes of
variation, but anon we find groups of species de-
veloping along certain lines, that is, bearing a genera!
resemblance to one another, and consequently
divulging their relationship. K. selligerum, E. longi-
petalum, and some others, are evidently not widely
disconnected with the subject of this note, Imt any one
who has seen them would have no dilTiculty in detect-
ing the superiority of E. macrochilum for decorative
purposes. The few flowered scapes terminate ovoid
pseudobulbs that are somewhat drawn cut into a
neck. The sepals and petals are narrowly obovate,
dull brownish-green externally, and heavily suft'used
purplish-brown on the inner face. The former are
very characteristically incurved above the middle.
The large three-lobed labellum is white, with a small
violet blotch near the middle. There are flowering
specimens of this variety in the E.^st Indian house at
Kew ; but other forms, varying in the colour of the
lip, are cultivated, and the tyt)c is figured in the
Botanical Ma^a-.inet t. 3534. The flowers are deli-
ciously fragrant a few days after expansion, y, F.

CULTIVATION OF THE ONION
FOR LARGE BULBS.

Probably no one has been more successful in the
production of this valuable esculent than Mr. H.
Wingrove, who is not only known as the raiser of the
celebrated and justly popular Onion the Rousham
Park Hero, which has gained nearly one hundred 1st
prizes during the three seasons it has been in commerce,
but has made himself famous as a pri/.etaker at our
leading shows, notably at the recent Dundee
International Show, where he carried ofl' the premier
honours in a competition of some forty competitors.

We are indebted to Mr. Wingrove for the following
useful hints as to his mode of cultivation at Rousham
Park in the production of such enormous and highly
finished bulbs as those exhibited last week at the
Crystal Palace, dozens of which weighed i lb. 6 oz.
each, and in some instances ll lb. and i lb 12 oz. : —

"The soil at Rousham Park, which isofad.nk
loam, is double dug in October, or early in
November, great care being taken to intermix a
heavy dressing of well-rotted manure, keeping as
great a portion of the manure as possible at the
bottom of the trench ; the ground is then left in its
rough state until early In January, when a good dress-
ing of soot is applied on the surface, which is not only
found to be a preventive for the maggot, but a very
valuable stimulant for the Onion throughout its dif-
ferent stages of growth. Nothing more is done until
the end of January or early in Februnry, when
(weather permitting) the beds are pointed over, uctl
raked, and made very fiim, and the seed diilkd in
rows I foot apart, which leaves room for the Dutch
hoe, and this cannot be done too often providing cire
be exercised so as not to injure the tops. As soon as
the Onions are up and well established, those beds
required for exhibition purposes are thinned out to 9
inches apart, and during the stages of their growth a
liberal top-dressing of spent Mushroom-bed manure
is applied, which is found very beneficial in help-
ing to keep the ground moist and cool in hot, dry
seasons, and saves considerable labour in watering. I
may add I do not approve of watering in ordinary
seasons. I also find a sprinkling of pigeon-dung, n>
also Clay's Fertiliser occasionally, valuable stimulants,
especially in the later stages of their growth.

" I have often been asked my opinion as to sowing
seed in boxes or pans and transplanting. I have liitd
both plans, and I have proved th.at I get quite as
large bulbs from seed sown in the bods in the open
air early in February, or even in Afarch, but llinse I
transplanted generally finish belter at the base. 1
attribute this to the fact that the transplanted ones
are not so deep in the soil as those sown In the beds.
This convinces me that if the ground is properly ami
highly cultivated, the firmer the surface the better it
will be for the bulbs, especially at the base, t'tii a
bed treated in the manner described (with the excep-
tion that watering was carefully avoided) I measured
a plot of ground 10 yards Inng by 2 wide, the sort

October iS, 1884]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

495

being the Rousham Park Hero, which weighed 240 lb.
(after being topped). This gives an acreage weight of
25 tons iS cwt. 2 qr. S lb., which at £i per ton (and
they made/15 and^lSlast year) would fetch upwards
of ^200 per acre ; and in face of the fact that an enor-
mous amount is annually sent out of this country for
Onions, I am surprised that our agriculturists do not
turn their attention to Onion growing.

'* To prevent letters being sent to me continually for
seed, I would add that my stock is in the hands of
Mr. Deverill, seed merchant, iJanbury. ]IoUaiid
Witi^rovCi The Gartkns^ Roitsham Pai k, Oxon."

tl

As Ihe late heavy storms and severe frosts have
destroyed Ihe beauty of the summer garden no time
should now be lost in clearing, dressing, and re-
planting the beds with winter shrubs, spring plants,
and bullis. In performing this work now, not only
will the garden present a changed and bright appear-
ance, but by being planted early the spring plants
become well established, and therefore better able to
endure the severity of the winter. In removing the
summer plants it is always advisable to preserve a few
of each of the difterent varieties of Pelargoniums and
other plants, which may be either potted singly or
planted thickly in shallow boxes, which should then
be placed in pits or in cold houses where they can be
preserved from frost. These plants, if not cut back
too hard, will be found very useful for planting vases
or for filling in the centres of large beds next year. If
placed in a moderate heat in January they also soon
afford abundance of cuttings for propagation during
February and March. In preparing the beds for
transplanting it is not desirable at this season, at least
where the soil is at all light, to dig them, but simply
clear otl'the plants and rubbish and plant again. By
this means much labour is saved, and the firm condi-
tion of the soil is more conducive to the health of the
plants during winter than when the soil is rendered
light and loose by digging. In heavy soils, however,
not only will digging be found necessary and advan-
tageous, but where Violas, Polyanthus, or any
similar plants are intended to be grown, a
liberal dressing of well decayed leaf-mould at.d
sharp gritty sand should also be given, and
then, if not wet, the soil should be trodden before
the plants are introduced. Where bulbs are also
great mischief often arises from the holes in which
they are planted being filled in with rich light soil or
sand, and without the necessary precaution being
taken to make the soil surrounding them equally firm
wilh the other parts of the bed. These holes made
by the dibble, form, in wet weather, easy receptacles
for the water to drain into, and wholesale destruction
is often caused thereby. For small beds for early
flowering, the dwarf Winter Aconite is very charm-
ing, especially when associated with Snowdrops and
early flowering Scillas. The Crown Imperials are
also most effective for the centres of large beds
and for mixed borders ; they are, however, somewhat
expensive to beginwith.but they rapidly increase when
planted in suitable soil, and where they can be left un-
disturbed for a time. The Crocus when planted in masses
is not only one of the most hardy but also the most
brilliant of spring bulbs, its cheapness is also a great
recommendation, but instead of being planted in thin
marginal lines it is always seen to belter advantage
when planted in large irregular masses, having varied
and broken outlines. If partially sheltered from cut-
ting winds these dwarf glowing gems give a more
lengthened display. The Narcissus, the Jonquil, and
the Daffodil, are for the spring garden beyond all
praise, their rich golden hues when seen in contrast
wilh a sufficiency of green being very gorgeous.
To succeed perfectly they should be planted
deep, and be allowed to remain undisturbed
for a few years, taking care to preserve the
foliage from injury till it naturally decays.
The most suitable varieties are those which can be
obtained at a reasonable price, such as N. bulbo-
codium, poeticus, biflorus, the Pseudo-Narcissus, or
Daffodil, and the single Jonquil and Campernelle.
The Tulip, both single and double, must also claim
a first place in the spring garden, which cannot be
complete without them. If those already enumerated

give chiefly the orange tints the Tulip provides
the crimson, scarlet and rose hues, it also per-
petuates the period of bloom far beyond those
already mentioned. Then again the chaste Hya-
cinth, with its lovely and varied shades of purple,
red, and pink, must ever command a foremost and
prominent position. Not only does the Hyacinth
when massed in borders, produce the most charming
effect, but for baskets and vases it is particularly suit-
able and elegant. It is, however, more liable to
injury from frosts than those already mentioned, and
should receive some slight protection during severe
weather by placing leaf-mould or any similar material
over the bulbs. In order to prolong the season of
their bloom a few bulbs should be potted at difi'trent
times ; these can be conveniently plunged in ihe
vases in succession as they commence to bloom. The
Anemones, the early flowering dwarf Iris, Ranun-
culus, Dog's-tooth Violets, and the Grape Hyacinth,
although neither so useful nor so beautiful as those
already mentioned, are still exceedingly pretty and
interesting, and should not be overlooked when
planting the spring garden. To be efl'ective, how-
ever, the different kinds of bulbs should be planted
with care and with due regard to their varied habits
and nature. If the chaste Hyacinth lends an addi-
tional chaim to the elaborately sculptured vase in the
geometrical garden ihe glowing Daffodil is equally at
home in the marshy meadow, and the pure Snow-
drop equally happy by the woodland walk. T, S. C,

Mikhm Mihm.

Taking up and Sioring Roots.— No time
should now be lost in proceeding with this operation,
selecting for the work a fine day, when the ground
and the foliage are dry. The first to require .attention
is the Beet crop, which should be stored away out of
the reach of frost, and where, at the same time, the roots
are not likely to become too dry, as is the case when
they are packed closely together in sand in a dry shed.
In order to preserve their freshness the roots should
be packed in damp material, which will not tend to
absorb the moisture from them, and for this purpose
Ihe following is the most simple and effectual method.
The roots should be taken up before they get in-
jared by frost, and with care, avoiding breaking
or wounding them — and taken to a dry border under
a south or west wall. An opening should be taken
out at the end of the border, 12 or 15 inches deep and
about the same width, and the digging of the ground
proceeded with. When the trench is filled and the
ground has been levelled in the ordinary way, the soil
should be cut straight down the whole width of the
border, and two or three rows of Beetroots placed
perpendicularly ia the opening so formed, and the
digging be again proceeded with until the roots are
all covered, burying the crowns about I inch under
the surface of the soil. The operation is thus con-
tinued somewhat after the fashion of transplanting
young forest trees from the seed beds in nurseries,
until the work is completed. The leaves, which should
not be removed from the crown, will afford sulHcient
protection to the roots from several degrees of frost ;
but in the event of its being very severe, a protection
of dry litter or Fern will be necessary. In
the spring, before the roots show signs of growth,
they should be taken up, the leaves with a portion
of the crown cut away, and the roots laid in
again as above recommended. Thus treated the
roots will keep fresh and of a good colour.
Carrots, wilh the exception of cutting off the top
close to the crown at the time of taking them up, may
be treated in the same way as the Beetroot ; if wintered
in this way there need be no fear of fermentation
ensuing, as is so frequently the case where a bulk of
them has been put together, sometimes to the entire
loss of the crop. Where Parsnips are not grown in
great quantities, or where the ground is not required
for some special purpose, they are best left during
the winter in the ground in which they have been
grown, in which position they will require no pro-
tection whatever from frost further than covering a
sufBcieat piece for present use, so that ia the event

of severe frost there will be no difficulty in taking up
the roots for use. Salsafy and .Scorzonera may be
wintered also in the above way, and will be found
superior in flavour and appearance to those which
have been wintered on the "dry shed and sand"
principle.

Ordinary Work. — Autumn planted Cabbages
should now have some soil drawn to them ; the carlh-
ing-up of late plantings of Celery and Leeks should
also be proceeded with when the plants are sufficiently
dry to admit of the work being done. Late plantings
of Lettuce in the open should be taken up forthwith
with good balls of earth attached to the roots, and
transplanted carefully into the cold pits and frames
specially reserved for this purpose, and well watered
immediately after planting with a view to re-estab-
lishing them in their fresh quarters, where they
should have abundance of air on all favourable occa-
sions. Broccoli, Cabbage, Winter Creens, &c.,
should be divested, when the weather is dry, of all
useless and withered leaves that would be likely lo
become otfensive through decay ; their removal will
enable the stems, through being more fully exposed
to light and air, to become hardened anJ better able
to withstand severe weather. Before the seeds on the
Asparagus begin to drop olT the stems should be cut
and removed to the rubbish-heap, saving a few of the
best berried stems for seed, which should be lied
together and hung up in a dry shed or stokehole in
readiness for cleaning during inclement weather.
This done, the weeds should be removed from the
surface of the beds and then 2 or 3 inches of the loose
surface soil should be drawn into the alleys, and the
beds covered with 3 or 4 inches thick of the shortest
and best manure that can be obtained from the manure-
pound, where, in most places, it is specially retained
for this purpose.

Mushrooms. — Beds which were spawned about
the middle of August should now be yielding good
supplies. The successional beds, since they were
spawned and covered over with soil in the middle of
August and the middle of September, will only have
required water once during the interval, and they
ought not to require any more for some time to come.
The top ventilator should only be fully opened on
warm days, or when the warmth is too great in the
house, at the same time excluding light, and only
sufficient air to be left on as will prevent a stagnant
atmosphere in the house, and allow of any excess of
moisture to escape. Collect droppings for successional
beds, and place them in a dry airy shed, where they
can beturned over three or four time before being taken
into the Mushroom-house to dry, and also to allow of the
rank heat escaping — a procedure that should be repeated
for a few mornings after the dropping have been placed
on the shelves, with the same object in view. This done,
the materials should be beaten as firmly as possible,
and when the heat has declined to 70° the spawn may
be inserted in the bed, in pieces about the size of
bantams' eggs, at about 6 or 7 inches apart, and a
little fresh droppings be pressed over it ; and when
it has been ascertained that the heat in the bed is
not likely to rise above 70* or 75" it can be covered
with about li inch thick of finely sifted maiden loam
of the same temperature or thereabouts of the house
(the barrow or barrows containing the soil having
been placed in it the previous night), and beaten well
together wilh the back of a spade ; the soil must be
sufficiently moist to yield to the pressure of the spade,
in order to give a firm surface. Should woodlice be
troublesome, boiling water should be poured along
the sides and ends of the beds in the morning, the
sliding shutter having been previously drawn back to
let the light on them, which will cause them to re-
treat to the places indicated, and where the boiling
water can be applied with effect and without fear of
injuring the spawn. M. IV. War J, Longford Castk.

West Kent Natural History, Microscopic,
AND Photographic Society. — The annual crypto-
gamic field meeting took place on .Saturday, the
nth -inst. The members, who were joined by
friends from the Erith and Lewisham Societies, mus-
tered in good numbers. They were conducted l>y Dr.
Spurrell through a portion of Abbey Wood, and
the grounds of two or three neighbouring gentlemr n,
but owing to the small amount of daylight available,
and the previous dryness of the season, comparatively
few fungi were found. The President,, the Rev. A.
Johnson, M.A., F.L.S., reported the existence in
quantity at Kidbrook of a rare and little known
Agaric, viz., I'holtota leochroma.

496

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, i8

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

r Sale of 1000 lots of Bulbs, at Stevens'
I Rooms.
Monday. Oct jo ^ ^ale^^^f^ Bulbs, at Pmtheroe & Morris'

I Great Sale of Nursery Stock, at the Nurse-
L ries, Wimbledon, by Prolhcroe & Morris. _
f Sale of 3000 Lilium auratum, at Stevens'

Rooms,
Sale of Established Orchids, at Protheroe &

Morris' Rooms
Sale of Bulbs, Roses, and Plants, from Hol-
land, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Lihum auratum and Plants, at

Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids in variety, from

Mr. Sander, at Stevens' Rooms,
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris"

Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe

& Morns' Rooms.
S^e of Bulbs and Hardy Plants, at Stevens'

Protheroe & Morris'

Oct, 21^

Wednesday, Oct. aa

Thuksdav, Oct. 23

Oct,

-{

Saturday, Oct. as

isaie ot Bulbs and na
Rooms.
Sale of Bulbs, at
Rooms.

THE International Forestry Exhibi-
tion at Edinburgh closed on the 1 1 th inst.,
and has proved to be a decided success. During
the past week the work of removing the exhibits
has been carried on with despatch and smooth-
ness, and little remains on the ground now
except the empty buildings and articles for
sale by public auction. Several sales of nur-
sery stock and other exhibits will take place
next week, after which the building materials
will be sold, and in the course of a month the
ground will be restored to its ordinary state.

In respect to finance, the result, we believe,
is also satisfactory, and the Committee will have
about enough money to meet all demands that
are likely to be made. The balance, if any, is
not anticipated to be of great amount, and con-
sequendy there will be nothing to hand over
for the carrying out of the special object the
promoters had in view — a School of Forestry at
Edinburgh.

However, a committee for the establishment
of a Museum and Forest School has been
formed, of which Colonel DoDS is Secretary,
under the patronage and support of the leading
landowners, foresters, and others interested in
the question in the British Empire, and they
are now taking active steps to carry out this
praiseworthy object. As a beginning, they have
been fortunate in securing a large and valuable
collection of the most useful and interesting of
the exhibits at the Forestry Exhibition as the
nucleus of a Forest Museum.

Her Majesty the Queen, as Patron of the
Scottish Atboricultural Society, has been gra-
ciously pleased to signify her intention of pre-
senting the whole of the interesting exhibits of
Scots Fir from Ballochbuie forest for this pur-
pose. The Queen's Scots Fir summerhouse is
taken back to Balmoral, and is to be erected in
the grounds of the Castle. A complete series
of specimens of the splendid timber of British
Guiana has been presented to the Museum,
and all exhibits from the Cape of Good Hope
not required by the Kew authorities, who had
the first choice, are to go the same way.
A complete collection of the Bamboos
of Japan has been obtained, as well as
other Japanese exhibits ; and Colonel Michael
has distributed among five different Museums
what can be spared of the numerous
and varied exhibits in the Indian Court.
The Museums in question are the British
Museum, the Kew Museum, the Pharmaceu-
tical Society of London, the Museum of Science
and Art, Edinburgh, and the School of Forestry
Museum. The whole of the exhibits shown by
members of the Scottish Arboricultural Society
have also been set apart for the Forestry
Museum. Many of the leading nurserymen Jn
Britain have already promised contributions,
and a very interesting collection of tree and
shrub seeds, numbering over six hundred
varieties, has also been contributed by Messrs.
Vilmorin-Andrieux, seedsmen, Paris.

The Forestry Exhibition is, therefore, now
a thing of the past, and it is time to
consider what results may be hoped for from

it. But to begin with, we may congratulate the
promoters on the essential success of a very
spirited and novel enterprise. That it should
not have been financially so successful is, no
doubt, due, in large measure, to the fact that
Edinburgh is not London. Neither will nor
ought the temporary dissatisfaction felt by
some exhibitors to influence the perma-
nent results. The full value of these results
will not be seen for many a day, but it is quite
certain that the interest evoked will lead to
important results. People had little or no
knowledge of the vastness and importance
of the subject, and many landed proprietors
blessed with bare acres will have found a way
to increase the value of their estates, and while
laying up a store for their successors, to promote
the general welfare of the country. One main
result, we trust, will be the organisation of a
proper School of Forestry, where the principles
of the science may be thoroughly taught, and
the art exemplified by the resources with which
Edinburgh and its neighbourhood abound.
Whether a perfectly independent School of
Forestry should be started, or whether it should
not take the form of a general School of Agri-
culture, embracing tuition and training in the
principles underlying all successful cultivation,
whether of animals, of trees, of fruit trees, of
cereal crops, of plants in general, is a question
which we hope will be well considered. For our
own part, seeing the great necessity there is
for a thorough education in general principles,
we would fain hope that the teaching in the
school should not be restricted to forestry, but
should at least comprise scientific agriculture and
horticulture. The basis of all is identical, and
a man thoroughly well grounded in the principles
of physics, physiology, systematic botany,
chemistry, geology, mensuration, is placed
in the best possible position to devote himself
successfully in after life to the practical pur-
suits of agriculture, gardening, pomology,
or forestry, according to circumstances. No
doubt, legal and fiscal restrictions, and
foreign competition will in the future, as
now, hamper the cultivator and prevent him
from fully availing himself of the increased
means which scientific training, coupled with
practical experience, will put into the hands of
the cultivator ;j but that is no reason why he
should not get all the advantages he can. From
our personal experience we can testify that
young gardeners and foresters, in Germany more
particularly, but also in Belgium, France, and
Denmark, have much better opportunities of
becoming acquainted with the A. B. C. of their
future life-work than the corresponding class in
England, and they avail themselves of them
too. In consequence, their competition is likely
to become increasingly severe, the more so
as they are willing to work for lower wages
than are the corresponding class here. Their
wants are fewer, their expenses less, and
they are not puffed up by a little learn-
ing, but know how to use their hands as
well as their heads. It must be remembered that
we have to supply labour, not only for our own
forests and gardens, but to skilled labour
and supervision for our colonies and for
India. The proper tillage and the full de-
velopment of the resources of the vast areas
constituting Greater Britain devolve to a large
extent upon supplies from the home country.
There can be no doubt which is the more
likely to succeed — the raw lad, the know-
nothing, or ne'er-do-well, or the well-trained
student of an agricultural or forestry college.
Look, too, at the enemies we have to encounter
— the insects which ravage, the fungi which
destroy our crops and our trees. We know but
too well the effects of the Potato fungus,
the Vine-growers among our neighbours
across the Channel have been all but ruined
by hosts of tiny insects, not unknown in
our own vineries. Are we to go on forever

blundering along in our contention with
these enemies, trusting more to chance
and to the accident of season to tide us over
difficulties, or are we to be guided by thorough
knowledge of the nature and tactics of our
enemies and the rational inferences to be drawn
from them .' No doubt it is true that great
discoveries must continue to be made by the
specialist, and the man who has the competence,
the inclination and the time to bestow on that
pecuniarily most unremunerative occupation,
scientific research. But the power of turning
these observations of the scientist to good
account can only be e.xerted by those suffici-
ently well drilled to be able to see the signifi-
cance of his researches, and this power can by
no other means so surely be obtained as by
means of the thorough training to be had in a
well equipped School of Forestry, Agriculture, or
Horticulture.

Think, again, of the enormous waste of time,
labour and money involved in our present
happy-go-lucky system, how much money the
agriculturalist throws away every year in the
purchase of manures ; a large proportion, pro-
bably the largest is, if not harmful, at least use-
less. On all accounts, then, we trust to see cul-
tural colleges and experimental stations largely
increased over the country. There could not
be a better centre for one such establishment
than in Edinburgh, and we trust the Forestry
Exhibition may be the means of setting one
a-foot.

One great object in a Forestry Exhibition is
to bring before those interested the numerous
resources available. We go on planting Scotch
or Larch, or Corsican, or Ash, partly because
they can be had by the million, partly because
they really are well suited for particular
localities— but they are not adapted for all
places ; and how often does it happen that
we have to suffer because all our
eggs are in one basket ? A forestry exhibition
or a fruit show, by making clear the extent and
diversity of our resources, can do much to
prevent the ill effects of this over-confidence in
a few subjects. Among the numerous collec-
tions of living plants shown in Edinburgh there
were dozens of species shown concerning which
there can be no doubt whatever that they are
perfectly suited for cultivation on a large scale
here or in some of our colonies. But some one
will say they are not to be had in quantities,
they are far too dear to be used on a large
scale or for anything else than ornamental
purposes. But this need not be always so.
Many of them could be obtained from Japan
or North-West America in almost unlimited
quantities were there a sufficient demand. The
real obstacle is ignorance — and it is just this
ignorance, not only in this but in other matters,
which forms the chief necessity for schools
such as we are advocating.

To take another comparatively small matter
for illustration, but only one of many. We are
all agreed as to the advantage of planting trees
in our streets, and of securing properly planted
spaces in our densely populated towns. We '
recognise that these give pleasure and sweeten
life, and we are beginning to find out that this
is not merely sentimental, but that our very
health and physical welfare in no small degree
depend upon them. Vestries and local boards
are beginning to see that expenditure of the
ratepayers' money in such works is amply justi-
fiable ; but what they do not — or some of them do
not — realise is that knowledge is required — what
to plant, how to plant, and how to conserve and
protect when planted. We see the most unsuitable
things planted in our towns ; or, when not un-
suitable, we see a most unwisely restricted
choice, and specially we see the grossest
neglect after planting. Were there a little more
diffusion of cultural knowledge such things
would not be. E\en in this, which, as we have
said, is a comparatively small matter, we see

498

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October iS, ig

the effects of that same thoughtless ignorance
which has devastated many of the fairest and
most productive districts on the face of the
globe. If the Forestry Exhibition be the means,
as it doubtless will be, of lessening the evils
entailed by ignorance, it will have rendered
incalculable service to the community.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In-
stitution.—We earnestly call attention to the letter
of the Secretary in another column. It remains with
the gardeners mainly to determine whether a gift of
^500 shall or shall not be made to the Society. Less
than ^500 are now required to ensure such a reserve
fund as shall enable the committee with safety to in-
crease the present meagre stipend. If all the gar.
deners in the country would give one shilling each
the required sum would easily be raised. Hundreds
of gardeners do, and have done, their best, and borne
a larger share of the burden than they ought to have
had to bear. It is the thousands of the rank and file
whose mites the Society justly claims, but does not
get.

Reports on Losses and Injuries to

Plants in Severe Winters.— We are requested to
stale that a large mass of materials having been
compiled by Rev. Professor IIenslow, Honorary
Secretary to the Scientific Committee of the Royal
Horticultural Society, referring to injuries and losses
of plants in the severe winters 1S38— 1S61, it is
proposed to print it in its entirety, if sufficient en-
couragement be forthcoming. Mr. Henslow would
be glad, therefore, to receive the names, addresses,
and number of copies desired by any one who will
favour him with a post-card to that eft'ect, addressed to
Drayton House, Ealing. It will form an 8vo volume
of about 450 pp. The price will be moderate, but can-
not be fixed as yet. As only a limited number of
copies will be printed, as early a communication as
possible is requested.

.The Tomato Fijngus.- Mr. Berkeley

writes :—" Amongst the numerous points of interest
connected with the Peronospora of the Potato disease
there is one which has not been noticed, as far as I
knov/ at present, and I recommend it to the acute
observation of Mr. Plowright. I mean the mode
of its attack on Tomatos. It does not seem to affect
the foliage, at least I have never observed it to do so,
but is confined to the fruit, which if cut across soon
developes the Peronospora in perfection. It is almost
impossible in some districts to cultivate Tomatos
successfully in the open ground ; and this year, which
has been peculiarly favourable to their growth, the
disease is as bad as ever. I should be very curious to
ascertain how the Peronospora attacks the fruit, and
in what stage ; and now that Tomatos are so general
an article of cultivation, it is a matter of some import-
ance. I do not recollect some seventy years ago that
the Tomatos were similarly affected. They were not
so much grown then, for they were thought to be un-
wholesome, and even to induce a particular form of
disease ; and I recollect some hundreds being thrown
out of the garden, though the fruit was in high per-
fection and in a perfectly healthly condition. This,
of course, was many years before the Potato
disease was known, and consequently before the in-
troduction of the Peronospora, for I am talking of
years previous to 1817. I trust Mr. Plowright
will take the matter up, and if so, he is sure to throw
some light upon it."

Grapes in Cool Vineries.— The slight

amount of discussion our leader of October 4
has provoked amongst gardeners has not been
without those advantages resulting from the due
ventilation of any matter of practice. Several samples
of Grapes have been sent ui, all more or less ripe,
but the best of all, up to the present, are some I'.lack
Hamburgh Grapes sent by Mr. Clayton, of Grimston
Park. These were taken from a Vine growing in the
open on a cottage in the village of Kiikby Wharfc,
near Tadcaster ; but we will not anticipate, but will
leave the writer to tell his own story next week. A
great quantity of sorts were sent us by an amateur
signing himself " Philomelos," whose letter we publish
in another column. These were mostly small in
bunch, and with a few exceptions small in berry as
well. They were grown under apparently more
favourable conditions than the lilack Hamburghs
above noticed, but yet were not at all in so ripe a

state, and yet they were the produce of a cool vinery.
The best of these were the Chasselas or Sweetwater,
Chasselas Musque, Primavis Frontignac, a grape con-
sidered to be synonymous with C. Musque, Cranfoid
Muscat, Meurthe Frontignac, and Chasselas Musque
de Sellery ; these had a decided flavour, and were
much superior to the others, that v/ere greatly deficient
in sugary matter. They all wanted one of two
things, either to have been started earlier with a
modicum of fire-heat, or else to have been assisted
with it all through the month of September, as this
month and the earlier part of October is the crucial
period in central European vineyards, and if it is
cool and cloudy that is a bad wine year.

Anciiomanes Hookeri. —There is a figure

of this bold and striking Aroid in the Bolanual
Magazine, t, 372S, under the name of Caladium
petiolatum. From that genus it is widely separated
both in general appearance and in botanical construc-
tion. Horticulturally it is both interesting and orna-
mental, firstly on account of its prickly peduncle and
leaf-stalk, and secondly for its ternately compound
leaf and large deep purplish-brown spathe. Com-
pared with many of the family, the nervation of the
leaf and spathe is a marked feature, and one that com-
mends itself greatly to lovers of this class of plants.
The former is evergreen in its character, thus simu-
lating the Anthuriums, and the latter last for many
weeks, ultimately withering and persistent. The
curiously tuberculated female flowers are coloured like
the spathe, while the males are creamy-white. There
is a flowering plant in the Victoria-house at Kew.

Floral Committee at Ghent.— At the

recent monthly meeting the jury, consisting of MM.
J. Kickx, A. Verschaffelt, F. Desbois, C. Spae, A.
van Geert, A. Rosseel, with M. Lubbers, of Brussels,
President, and C. van Geert, of Antwerp, as Secre-
tary, the following Certificates were awarded :—

Certificates of Merit.
To Verbesina Mameana, from M. E. Andrd, of Paris ;
Echeveria decora variegata, irom the Compagnie
d'Horticulture of Ghent ; to Cattleya sp. with white
flowers, from M. Vervaet-Devos ; to seedling varieties of
tuberous Begonias, from MM. Blankaert & Vermeiren,
of Gendbrugge ; to Dieft'enbachia rcginae, from M.
Pynaert van Geert, of Ghent ; to Cypripedium calurum,
from M. A. van Geert, of Ghent ; to Anthurium insigne
from M. Pynaert van Geert, Ghent.

Cultural Certificates
were awarded to the Compagnie Continentale d'Hor-
ticulture, for Darlingtonia californica ; to M. Louis van
Houtle, for Washingtonia robusta ; to MM. I'>an9ois
Desbois et Cie., of Ghent, for Lasiandra macrantha.

Honourable Mention
was made of Heliconia aureo-striata, from the Com-
pagnie Continentale ; Cattleya Dowieana, from M.
Vervaet-Devos, of Swynaerde ; of Galcandra Ihrinax,
from M. Ad. d'Haene, of Ghent ; of Anthurium car-
neum, from M. Pynaert van Geert ; and of Cypripedium
Lowi, from MM. Desbois et Cie., of Ghent.

Autumn Blossoms.— Gooseberries are not

in season, so the daily papers, not finding their
columns sufliciently filled with interminable talk about
the Franchise, are filling up with gossip about
autumn flowering trees. For ourselves we may
mention Pears, Plums, Horse Chestnuts, Cherry
Laurels, Rhododendrons, as presenting this pheno-
menon, probably in consequence of the warm autumn.
In some cases it is a premature starting into growth,
in anticipation of spring ; in others it is due to the
formation of flower-buds on the ends of long shoots
usually terminated by a leaf-bud, the cause of which
is not so easy to determine.

Vegetarianism at the Health Exhibi-
tion.—The Vegetarian Society gave a dinner on the
evening of the gth inst. in the restaurant carried on
under their direction in the Health Exhibition, when
the chair was taken by Dr. B. W. Richardson. The
inemi included soups— Tomata and Rice and Lentil ;
entries— gxttn (sugar) corn, or young Maize, oaten
grits, and macaroni au gralin : removes— bruised
Haricots, savoury omelette, curried Mushrooms and
Rice, and bread fritters ; entremets— boiled Chestnuts,
samp pudding, and Vegetable Marrow aii gralin :
vegetables— Brussels Sprouts, Potatos, Jerusalem Arti-
chokes, and baked Turnips ; sweets — Barley pudding,
Ceylon pudding, Apple and Damson tart, veget.-ible
custard, Iceland moss jelly, and Pine-apple ; stewed
fruits- Pears, Apricots, French Plums. For dessert,

in addition toseveral varieties of Grapes, Pears, Apples,
and nuts, there were served Bananas, Spanish Melons,
Green Gage Tomatos, and Brazilian Oranges. The
beverages, besides lemonade, selizer, and zoedone,
were palatable unfeimented concoctions, such
as sparkling hop and morella, p;ar and
other so-called fruit champagnes. Dr. KiciIARii-
SON expressed the belief that man might by
care in the selection and preparation of certain
kinds of vegetable food become a liver upon a vege-
table diet. Man, he believed, was really a fruit-eat-
ing animal, but if this Society succeeded in attaining
its objects it would be making certain advances
towards those natural necessities which we saw in
man himself. They must not hold altogether to the
diet being wholly vegetable, and they must select
those things from the vegetable world which were
most suited to the digestive system of man, modifying
them by art so as to assimilate them, as far as pos-
sible, to the condition of those animal products upon
which we knew that men could subsist. The number
of fruits available for the table might be increased ;
the cultivation of Mushrooms might be most benefici-
ally extended b) utilising that which was now refuse,
difficult to get rid of.and a source of danger to health ;
other edible fungi, like the Bovisia, or Puff- ball, a deli-
cious and nutritious article of food, might be intro-
duced ; and Fern roots, as fine flavoured when
properly cooked as Asparagus, might be brought to
table. But vegetarians must go to chemistry as well
as to cookery in order to do entirely without the trans-
forming power of the animal in converting vegetable
food to the use of man. Cheese, for instance, as the
Chinese had known for ages, might be made without
milk, from the Lentil ; and there was no doubt that we
should discover a way to make milk, and that some
day milk would be produced on as large a scale as
beer was now in our breweries. After dealing with
the question of the sufiiciency of vegetable foods for
the support of man in extremes of temperature, he
glanced at the changes, physical and moral, which the
adoption of a vegetable dietary would probably pro-
duce on civilised man, especially mentioning a dimi-
nution of the craving for alcoholic drinks.

— International Potato Show.— The large
heaps of the most popular sorts of Potatos, staged by
Messrs. James Carter & Co., 237 and 23S, High
Ilolborn, London, W.C, were the more remarkable
(10m the fact of their being absolutely samples of the
produce of field crops in large acreages under growth
this year for Messrs. Carter's requirements. It is
the opinion of many that this method of staging
Potatos for exhibition is to be recommended, as it
places before intending cultivators a real estimate of
what can be produced under ordinary conditions.
Small dishes that are simply raised lor exhibition
purposes can hardly give a real idea of the actual
merits and properties of any particular kind, and,
having this in mind, Messrs. Carter, in our opinion,
acted wisely in contributing these naturally-grown spe-
cimens— chief among which were noticeable Carter;.'
Ashtop Fluke— the finest quality Potato in cultiva-
tion ; Carters' First Crop Ashleaf — the earliest variety ;
a new seedling, said to possess extraordinary merit,
to be introduced this season ; Cosmopolitan — a fine
exhibition kind, noticeable in all the leading groups ;
Schoolmaster, Hero, Early Rose, Paterson's \'ictoiia,
Cetewayo, White Elephant, Magnum Bonum, Beauty
of Hebron, and other popular Potatos. One of the
greatest novelties of the present day is also associated
with this display, in the shape of Carters' Lilliputian
Potato— a new variety producing myriads of little
tubers no larger than a Pea— a regular infant prodigy.
If this extraordinary growth can be " fixed " this
Potato should be grown by every one. Messrs.
Carter also contributed liherally to the list of prizes,
a very large competition bjing the result in these
classes.

Uredo, Puccinia and .I'XTdium.- At a

recent meeting of some local Natural History Societies
Mr, W. G. Smith read a paper on these fungi,
wherein he alluded to the absence of type specimens,
consequently although the observer may have a stron"
conviction that in some genera of fungi nine out of
ten so-called species have no right to be so accounted,
yet it is not safe to extinguish them without leference
to type examples which unfortunately do not exist.
Mr. Smith then passed on to the question as to the
relationship existing between the three forms above
named— some considering that all three are phases in
the existence of one genus, others that they are sepa-

October iS, iSS^.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

499

rale entities — and pointed out the dilTiculty of discri-
minating the so-called species, which are often named
solely according to the plant on which they may
happen to grow, under the presumption that each
species has its own distinct parasite. The generic
identity of .Kcidiuin, Tuccinia, and Uredo is unhesi-
tatingly objected to by Mr. Smith, who also de-
nounces laboratory experiments with germinating
spores as " without meaning, and perfectly value-
less."

Choice Laie Tui.irs.— Any one desirous

of taking up the cultivation of this gorgeous flower
has now a good opportunity of doing so. Mr.
llivNRY GOLOIIAM, of Carshalton, a renowned raiser
and cultivator for many years p.ast, is desirous,
through .advancing years and failing health, of parting
with his collection of 10,000 bulbs, under name, and
well arranged, about three-fourths being varieties
raised by himself, and only in his possession. Mr.
GoLDHAM has been a cultivator for fifty years, and
gives up his favourite flower with much regret.

National Carnation and Auricula

Society. — A meeting of the committee of this
body was held in the conservatory at South Ken-
sington on Tuesday last, under the presidency of Mr.
Shirley IIibberd. Tresent : Messrs. Douglas,
II. G. Veitch, 1. Laing, J. Fraser, G. F.
Wilson, II. Cannell, Charles Turner, Dr.
Masters, and Dr. Hogg. Mr. Douglas, one o(
the Hon. Secretaries, tendered bis resignation, and it
was stated that the I'resident was about to take the
same step. It thus became necessary to select ofiice-
bearers for the ensuing year, and at the same time to
frame a body of rules for the future guidance of the
Society, no such rules at present being formulated.
Mr. Douglas withdrew his resign-ation, and was
requested to act as sole Secretary, and a sub-com-
mittee, consisting of Mr. IIii;i;erd, Mr, Charles
Turner, and the Secretary, was appointed to draw
up the rules and statutes of ihe Society, which will be
submitted to a general meeting to be held at South
Kensington on November 1 1 next.

A Chrysanthemum and Fruit Show is

to be held at Yeovil on Tuesday, November 18, and
Mr. C. TiTE, of Fairview, Yeovil, is the Hon, Secre-
tary. This is the first attempt at holding an autumn
=how in the town, but judging from the success of Ihe
summer shows in the past and the promises of support
already received, success is beyond a question
Yeovil is an excellent centre, having three lines of
railway. Unfortunately, however, the date clashes
with Devizes this year, but this will doubtless be
avoided in future. The arrangements at the places
named ought also to fit in with Taunton, Dorchester,
and other western towns. We regret to hear that
there is to be no autumn show at the last-named
place this year. Surely the county town of Dorset
can manage a good flower show at least once a year,
surrounded as it is by large and good gardens owned
by wealthy residents, and under the care of well
known gardeners.

Clematis are extensively used at Purdysburn,

Belfast, for bedding, as well as tuberous Begonias,
both succeeding well, being a blaze of colour even
at this season of the year.

Trop.-eolum speciosum. — Who can with-
hold a tribute of admiration for this lovely perennial,
as it was seen in the middle of last month growing
in places on the banks of the Tay. At Newburgh it
can be met with growing against the walls of houses
and in other places, flourishing like a Bay
tree, free of growth, in its brilliant vermilion
Bowers, and seeding freely also. It is well named
the Flama Nasturtium. Some say that locality has
little to do with the well-being of this plant, but
situation a great deal. A moist climate in all proba-
bility suits it best, and a position where the soil about
the roots is cool and fairly damp, and shaded from the
sun for a portion of the day ; there it establishes
iiself, and .sends up its many shoots, if it can
att.ach itself to anything in order to get upwards
to a height of S feet or so. Heat soon spoils the
flowers, and thus it is that a shaded cool position
appears to suit it best. One who has grown it very
successfully reports that when he wishes to make a
new planting he excavates "the soil to the depth of
about iS inches, then he lays down to the depth of
4 or 6 inches some old pea-slicks trampled down as

solid as possible, then a layer of 9 or 10 inches of
good old hotbed dung or rotted manure, beating the
whole firm to picvent the bed sinking, a slight cover-
ing of soil is then placed on this, then the roots are
laid pretty thickly over the bed, coveting them wilh
3 or 4 inches of soil." Alter the bed has stood a few
years, and the soil becomes exhausted, a mulching of
manure is added wilh advantage. .\nd the writer
goes on to say "it is not necessary to guard against
frost, as the roots are perfectly hardy, only, as they
start into growth early, planting should be done in
January." These particulars supply su|;gestions as
to how this glorious creeper might be treated with a
view of making ils cullivation more gener.al further
South. It used to grow with conspicuous success
against the lodge wall at the entrance to Becket
I'ark, at Shrivenham— Lord Barrington's seat in
Wiltshire — in a shady cool position. If successful
there why should it not prove equally successful in
many other parts o( England, from which it is now
almost entirely absent f

jUchmea Marie Regina. This grand

plant is flowering at Purdysburn, Belfast. Seldom
seen, but nothing more peculiar and showy.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and dur.ation of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Oct. 13, 18S4, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. :— The weather has been dull, cold, and un-
settled, wilh frequent and heavy rain. At many of
our central and northern stations some sleet or snow
showers were reported, while in some parts of
eastern England on the gth and lolh thunder and
lightning were experienced. The temperature has
been considerably below the mean, the deficit vary-
ing from 3° in "Scotland, N.," lo 5" or 6° in nearly
all other districts, and to 7° in the "Midland
Counties." The maxima, which were registered on
the 7lh, ranged from 63° in "Ireland, N.," to 54°
in "Scotland, E." During the laller part of the
period the highest readings were (excepting at a few
coast stations) nearly all below 50°. The minima
were generally recorded either on the Iilh or ijlh,
when the thermometer fell to 29° in " England,
N.W.," and " England, S.W.," to between 30° and
and 32° in the other English districts, between 31°
and 33° over Ireland and Scotland, and lo 39° in the
Channel Islands. The rainfall has been rather less than
the mean in " Scotland, W.," " England, N.W.,"and
" Ireland, S.," but more in all the other districts. In
"England, E.," owing to a very heavy fall on the
lolh, the total amounted to nearly five times as much
as the mean. Bright sunshine has been less preva-
lent than it was last week, the percentages of possible
duration varying from 39 in "Channel 1 lands," and
36 in " Ireland, S.," lo 22 in " Scotia:. d, N.," and
only 7 in " Scotland, E." Depressions observed.^
At the commencement of the period a long band of
high readings extended from Ireland to the south of
Sweden. This quickly broke up, and on the morn-
ing of the Slh two areas of comparatively high pres-
sure were shown — one over the Bay of Biscay and
the other over Sweden, while a decression was
advancing from the northwards to our north-west
coasts. By 8 A.M. next day the centre of this dis-
turbance had reached the mouth ol the Bristol
Channel, and caused fresh to strong northerly or
north-westerly gales on many parts of the western
coasts. It then changed ils course and moved east-
wards and north-eastwards over the south of Eng-
land, and during the loth and nth very slowly north-
eastwards over the North Sea, finally disappearing to
the eastward of Denmark. The wind, which as the
disturbance travelled over the South of England had
been strong from the northward at all our western
and northern stations, and light from the southward
in the east, subsequently shifted to the northward on
all our coasts, and blew with the force of a moderate
to strong gale gener.ally. By the end of the week,
however, it had backed to the westward in the north-
west, wilh a gradually falling barometer.

Gardening Appointment. — Thomas

Plume, lately Second Gardener at Sir William
Marriott's, The Down House, Blandford, Dorset,
as Gardener to Caplain Vernon Carter, Hunsdon,
Ross, Herefordshire.— Mr. James Dickie, General
Foreman, Dalkeilh Gardens, N.B., has been
appointed Gardener to the Marquis of Waterford,
at Curraghmore, Co. Waterford, Ireland ; and Mr.
Alex. Metiiven, I'oreman, Dalkeith Gardens, as
Gardener lo ihe Marquis of Tweeddale, at Vester,
Haddingtonshire, N.B,

FOF\E.ST)t^Y.

Reaso.vs whv Woods do nop Pay.— It is
woilliy of repetition that a perfect or at least an
appruximalcly perfect, adaptation of the tree lo the
soil, situation, and climate, is not only the primary
and fundamental work of the successful forester, but
the true foundation of all successful operations, and
therefore should engage the utmost allcniion and
thoughts of the planter. The want of this atlenlion
and reflection is manifested In the sickly and unremu-
neralivc and poverty-stricken plantations to be seen
on many estates in Great Britain. In my last paper
on this subject some examples were given of good,
successful, and profitable tree planting ; and lo fur-
nish these examples almost the whole country had to
be searched. No such dilTicully, however, it is lo be
regretted, presents itself in finding innumerable
examples of unsuccessful ones, and also many that
may almost count as failures. The most e\leHsive
plantation I know of in Scotland may raiher be
included in the latter than the former class, and may be
regarded as a decidedly bad investment, and ought lo
leach a very salutary lesson. It Is thought imiiiuJcnt
to be more specific in regard lo this plantation, but
anything further may be obtained from the writer, if
desired. It was planted by a man eminently diitin-
guished for his intelligence and abilities in tree cullure
— that is to say, the reins of power were so far led in
his hand in Its execution as lo entitle him to ptai,o or
blame for the results. This distinguished planter
(nowdeceased) was second to none in fame and reputa-
tion as a forester, yet that plantation is to a demon-
stration one of the worst paying ones to be found (it
is fondly hoped) anywhere. It was well fenced, well
drained, and properly cared for at all stages of growth,
and the trees were also properly put into the ground.
It comprises several thousands of acres, and the
crop, with some unimportant exceptions of rare
and new imports, consists exclusively of Scotch
Pine, Larch and Norway Spruce. Now the
question of questions in connection wilh it is,
wherein lies the cause of the failure ? It lies as
it were in a nutshell — in this one circumstance,
that to a very great, important and serious extent
Scotch Pine had been planted on soil which should
have been planted with Norway Spruce. Oa making
a general but satisfactory Inspection of this plantation
a short lime ago, it was found that the average worth
of the Scotch Pine was only is., that of the Larcli
y., and that of the Spruce 51. each tree. Noiv, if we
lake 300 trees per acre — which was about the average
crop on the ground, we have the respective values —
Scotch Pine /15, Larch CaS- and Spruce /75 per
acre. Now, the difference between ^15 per acre,
which Is the principal crop, and ^75, which is the ex-
ceptional one, though great indeed, yet docs not re-
present the whole of the difference of loss ; lor had the
crop been exclusively Norway Spruce it would have
been mature and ready for cutting, and clearing and
replanting the ground at about fifty years old.
Wherever the Scots Fir, in order to attain value (if the
ground would have brought It to perfection, which it
wouldnol), would either require to occupy the ground
nearly twice that time, or go lo decay, which it Is fast
doing. It is on account of the want of truly reliable
information on this particular point, to enable the
planter to distribute the plants so as to suit the soil,
that the false and blindfolding practice of mixing is
resorted to. Many planters who would gladly group
their trees If they only knew to a degree of certainty
what would be the result, fall upon the old and as
they suppose tried and approved practice of mixing.
Now although the loss when the failure does occur is
much less apparent in mixed than In grouped planta-
tions, yet the loss is the same, with only this aggra-
vated diflerence, that In the one case it is seen and
may or may not be remedied, while in the other it is
not seen and Is next to impossible to remedy. In
valuing mixed plantations, however skilfully and in-
geniously the trees are mixed, it mailers not ol
what species, it is always found that some of the
species have double, triple, and even quadruple the
value others have. If a forester has entrusted to him
the management of a plantation, however young, or
however old, and whether mixed, grouped, or of one
species, he Is actually powerless and helpless in re-
gard to making it profitable if the crop is such as is
not adapted to the soil. It is quite a common thing to
find an Elm. tree occupying as much space and be as old

500

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, i8

as an Ash tree by its side, and yet the former is worth
only $s,, while the latter is worth £<,. Mixing, again,
is subject to another disadvantage, viz., the difterence
in rapidity of growth ; some trees, as is generally
known, grow so much faster than others, that while
they overgrow and subdue their less vigorous growing
neighbours, they are themselves at the same time
sustaining very considerable injury, which ultimately
results in great loss to the proprietor.

There is yet another and very substantial reason
why mixed plantations pay less than grouped ones,
namely, the want of uniformity of time in attaining
maturity. Some species of trees are quite ripe and
ready to be cut at fifty years old, while others are not
ripe till twice, and even three times that age ; and in
disposing of a plantation to wood merchants or others,
there is always a comparatively higher price per acre
obtained for a clearance than for a thinning. There
is yet another loss, and the last I shall mention at
present, in connection^with mixed plantations, viz.,
the difficulty and expense of thinning them and
clearing the thinnings. In a grouped Pine or Fir
plantation one thinning, if done at the proper time,
may be sufficient for it in all time coming, but in
mixed plantations the case is widely different, especi-
ally if it consists of Pine or Fir, and hardwoods. It
is no uncommon thing for such plantations to require
thinning at least six times during their minority, and
when all is done the trees are rarely, if ever, so
healthy and well grown as when grown in groups.
C. Y. AlUhie, CiiUen House.

DIGGING SHRUBBERY
BORDERS.

This operation, like a good many others in the
routine of gardening, meets with approval by some
and by others with disapproval ; those who object to
the practice alleging that the more or less destruction
of surface-roots that occurs is so much direct injury
inflicted on the trees and shrubs that occupy the
ground ; whilst those who approve of annual digging
contend that the injury inflicted is more than counter-
balanced by the freer admission of water that follows
the surface being loosened. It may be set down with
safety that under certain conditions both are right ;
the amount of rainfall that occurs in the locality, the
nature of the soil, and the lay of the land, all tend to
determine whether digging or no digging is the right
course to adopt. In districts where the rainfall is
large, and the soil is of a nature to hold moisture, and
the ground occupied by the shrubs is flat, there can
be no question that there is little or nothing to be
gained by digging, as enough water each autumn and
winter will settle down below the surface to keep the
roots in a healthy thriving condition through the
growing season ; but when, in addition to a light
rainfall, the clumps and beds have either a natural
slope, or have been rounded up in their formation,
and the nature of the soil is such as to favour a hard,
baked condition, unless the surface is stirred, it often
happens that the earth occupied by the lower portion
of the roots is almost dust-dry from one year's end to
another, more particularly should there be any old
trees near enough to enable their roots to reach where
the shrubs are. As a matter of course the question
under notice refers to cases where the shrubs have
attained considerable size, and their roots fairly
occupy the ground ; in their early stages, whilst the
roots have not yet laid full hold of the soil, there can
be little question that stirring the ground by digging
is advantageous, and in the operation the fallen leaves,
which are the natural fertilisers, should be dug in.

In carrying out this kind of work, where the condi-
tions are such as to make its being done expedient,
there are two ways of doing it — right and wrong ; to
just loosen a few inches of the hardened crust with a
fork, whereby the admission of the rain as it falls is
secured, with little breakage of the roots — and the
opposite, of deep spade work, done, as it often may
be seen, without a thought that the roots are the
most vital parts of the plants to which they belong,
and though water is indispensable to the performance
of the part which Nature has assigned them, by their
destruction wholesale to secure it the cure becomes as
bad as the disease.

Whenever this work has to be carried out it should
be finished as early in the winter as convenient; to
defer it until spring, just before growth commences,
is a mistake, as ever so little interference with the
roots, then has a worse effect than when all the
energies of the shrubs are dormant.

J^OJVIE fJ0RRE3P0]^DE]yCE.

Strawberry Hericart de Thury,— The question
of your correspondent, " H. N.," in your issue for
September 6, respecting his Vicomtesse Hericart de
Thury Strawberries dying off, I should like to have
seen answered, as 25 per cent, of ours are going in
the same manner, while other sorts grown side by
side with the Vicomtesse are all doing well. I have
been informed from places in England and Scotland
that this sort is going off in the same way. Ours
were got from a well known nursery in very fine
condition, and were potted off in rare order, every-
thing going well with them for a few weeks, when
some began to flag. We supposed that they had been
very dry, but on examining the roots these seemed quite
fresh, and did not look as if they had suffered in any way,
but when we took hold of the leaves the crown came
clean off. It seems as if the rot only affected the
crown, because the roots seem healthy for a few days
after the crown has died. We have lost a great many,
and seemingly shall lose many more. It is not
caused by any species of grub, for there are none in
the pots, nor have the plants suffered from over-
potting nor from deep-potting, nor from the routine
of treatment, yolin Forbes, Dover House, Roehamp-
ion, [Please send us a plant or two for our inspection.
Ed.]

Piper porphyrophyllum.— Mr. N. E. Brown at
p. 43S of a recent issue says : — " It is very remark-
able that such a handsome plant as this is should have
remained in our gardens for so long a time without
having been correctly determined as to its genus
before now, since it is none other than the beautiful
stove climber which Lindley described as Cissus ?
porphyrophyllus in the Proceedings of the Horticul-
tural Society of London, vol. i., p. 225, about a
quarter of a century ago, and which has been grown
under that name here and on the Continent until this
day." Now, this shows how reluctantly a correct
name is adopted, and how slightly it is valued by
general cultivators, for I can fix by a circumstance
that it is fourteen years .ago since growing plants were
first correctly labelled as above at Kew. The correc-
tion must have been seen by a great many for several
years at least, and yet Mr. Brown finds the wrong
name extant. I may remark that the stem and vena-
tion of the leaf clearly points to Piper, but the pretty
coloration of the foliage was once novel, and probably
suggested alliance with Cissus. R, Irwin Lynch.

Hedychium Gardnerianum. — In reply to Mr. T.
W. Murphy (p. 470), who asks for information on how
to flower the above plant annually, one might point to
several public gardens in which the flowering of this
old favourite is of annual occurrence. At Glasnevin
it always produces its large, handsome, yellow spikes
under out-of-doors treatment, and in the greenhouses
at Kew, the Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, and
other gardens both public and private, it may be seen
thriving under ordinary treatment and never failing
to develope flowers. At Kew it is now flowering
both in the greenhouse and in the temperate-house.
Planted out in a strong loamy soil, and in a sunny
position in a cool greenhouse, and supplied with an
abundance of water during the summer, this plant is
almost certain to grow strongly and flower freely. In
winter no water should be given, and the plant
should be allowed to rest. The old stems if not cast
during the resting period ought to be removed on the
return of summer, and if the soil.in which the rhizomes
are planted appears exhausted, a good top-dressing
of loam and dung will be found helpful in the growing
season. Some years ago Mr. Bennett of Hatfield
Gardens exhibited a specimen of the fruit of this plant
at one of the Horticultural Society's meetings. The
fruiting of the Hedychium is not frequent under cul-
tivation, but Mr. Bennett's plant fruited freely, and
plants of it also fruited in the Botanic Gardens,
Regent's Park, three or four years ago. In neither
case was artificial fertilisation resorted to. Strangely
enough, I have tried to obtain fruit by carefully ferti-
lising the flowers of H. Gardnerianum, but neither
the flowers thus operated upon nor those left to them-
selves set for fruit. The character of the fruit of this
plant is a dense spike of three-valved leathery looking
seed-vessels, of an orange-yellow colour, each valve
containing in its brightly coloured pulp a brilliant
crimson seed, covered with a mace-like atillus, the
whole being well^exposed so as to form a beautiful
object, at least as attractive as the flowers. Those
who cultivate this plant will therefore see the wisdom
of allowing the withered flower-spike to remain on the
plant till all hope of their producing fruit is past. IV.

In your last number a note by Mr. W. J.

Murphy came under my notice on the above failing to
flower satisfactorily. From my experience I have
never known any difficulty in flowering it every year.
We have it in abundance, and at present there are
some of them in bloom in the front hall of the Lodge
here, which are much admired, peeping from amongst

Palms and other foliage plants. Notwithstanding the
cold draughty position, they seem to do admirably.
We give them no special treatment, simply turning
the balls out eveiy second year, cutting away all use-
less bulbous roots, potting ihem in good lutfy loam,
with one quarter of leaf-mould and a sprinkling of
silver-sand, keeping close until established, afterwards
treating them as ordinary greenhouse plants. In this
way we have them to flower annually from every
growth made. R. McKenna, The Gardens, Chief
Secretary's Lodge, Phccnix Park.

If Mr. Murphy will allow this noble old plant

to get a little pot-bound and after the blooming
period gradually reduce the water supply until the
stems die off, then stow away along with his Cannas
until the spring, and then start it into growth gra-
dually, he will experience no difficulty in blooming it
every year. I had a large plant at Beaurepaire Park
that never failed for years to bloom treated in the
way I have described. Last year it had seven very
handsome spikes of more than 6 feet high. It is a
very handsome foliage plant, most deliciously scented,
and is well worthy of a place in every garden,
Joseph Murdoch.

Carnation Louisa Ashburton, — Last autumn I
sent you a description of this white, Clove-scented,
perpetual-flowering Carnation, as I then saw it at the
nursery of Messrs. Cross & Steer. The plants were
at that time in 4 and 5-inch pots, bearing abundance
of fully expanded flowers, and they continued to
bloom freely through the winter and spring months.
Last May about 300 of these plants were transferred
to the open ground, and when I visited the nursery a
few days ago I was charmed to see hundreds of fully
expanded flowers upon them, as well as innumerable
buds in different stages. This beautiful and pleasing
sight fully substantiated the opinion I previously
formed of its perpetual nature ; indeed, I do not
think there is another Carnation in commerce so well
entitled to this designation, which, with its purity
and delicious scent, will speedily place it in the fore-
most position for winter decoration and for market
purposes. T. Challis.

Grapes in Cool Vineries.— As the growers of
Vines without artificial heat may be disheartened
by your recent article condemning them to grow
The Miller, &c., I send you small specimens of nine-
teen varieties grown on the rafters of an orchard-
house, with nothing but the heat of the sun. I have
sent the specimens in as small bunches as possible, as
I was afraid of attempting to pack large ones. The
varieties are :— Chasselas Musqu^ deSellery, Primavis
Frontignac, Early Golden Frontignac, Madresfield
Court, Duchess of Buccleuch Frontignac, Buckland
Sweetwater, Tokay Frontignac, Cranford Muscat,
Chasselas Musque, Early Smyrna Frontignac, Muscat
de Portugal, Early Silver Frontignac, Purple Con-
stantia (two from separate Vines, which being in dif-
ferent parts of the house do not appear to ripen simi-
larly), Black Muscat of Alexandria, Venn's Black
Muscat, Meurthe Frontignac, Mrs. Pince's Black Mus-
cat, Muscat Champion, Grizzly Frontignac. The
trees have been planted about fifteen years. When
they were young I grew in pots altogether about
130 varieties; iiS of these I had in the house
(36 by 16). At one time a very small minority of
them failed to ripen. I ought to say that most of
the coloured ones require some days more, but it is
difficult to get a number of varieties ready at the same
time, and if I had waited the early ones, of which the
most forward bunches have been used, would have
been past their best, so I have sent them as they are.
Last year the Madresfield were as black as Sloes fully
a fortnight before this time. I must own that the
flavour is not as good as usual, but they have had a
very large supply of liquid manure, and the crop has
been very heavy — probably 900 lb. Red-spider is
showing itself on Early Golden, but that will be easily
kept under. I ought to say that I prune, train, and
thin them myself, otherwise I should have lost all
interest, and have long ago descended to Black Ham-
burgh, of which I have only one plant of the true
variety. My gardener syringes and opens and shuts,
and a labourer swills abundantly with water, &c.
Philontclos.

Dimorphism in Aroideae. — The wide difference
observable between the foli.ige of many Aroids when
young and when fully developed is perhaps a normal
one, and therefore ought not properly to be classed
along with those remarkable variations to which the
term dimorphism is applied. In (the following cases,
however, the difterence is so very marked and un-
looked for that we may be excused for considering
thera as good instances of dimorphism. Several years
ago a plant named Marcgravia paradoxa was intro-
duced from South America, and was distributed under
that name. The resemblance of its flat clinging habit
of growth, and of its flattened foliage to what we meet
with in Marcgravia umbellata (syn. M. dubia), no
doubt led to its being mistaken for a member of that
genus. It will be remembered that the stems of M.

October iS, 1S84.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

501

paradoxa are flattened and cling Ivy-like to any
damp surface by means of the stem-roots. The leaves
are produced rather closely together so as to overlap
each other, and owing to the clinging habit of the
stem they are pressed quite flat against the wall or
board on which the plant is usually grown. In form
these leaves are almost round, and are as large as the
palm of the hand. As the plant grew larger it
gradually freed itself from the surface on which it
clung, and the foliage, which had increased in size as
the stem lengthened, finally developed into a long
pinnalifid blade similar to the leaves of many ol the
Philodendrons. A plant now in the Kew collection
shows this dimorphic character perfectly. It is grow-
ing against a moist wall, and is about 15 feet high.
The lower leaves are of the usual small size, but near
the top of the stem they are nearly a toot in
diameter, whilst several of those last developed
are oblong, and the blade is split up on each side into
several divisions exactly as in Fhilodendron pinnati-
fidum. From the native country of this plant we may
infer that it is a species of Fhilodendron ; at all
events, it is certainly not a Marcgravia, these plants
having thick, leathery, entire foliage, and terminal
umbels of greenish flowers, with pitcher-like bracts.
The plant known in gardens as Pothos aurea, and
which is a scandent Aroid, with clinging stem-roots
and ovate-acuminate leaves, which are green, marbled
and blotched with yellow, is another instance of di-
morphism in leaf characters. Under liberal treatment
this plant has at Kew developed foliage both larger
than and dissimilar in form from what is seen in
young plants of it. The leaves on young plants are
3 inches long by 2^ inches m width, and are entire,
whereas the foliage on large plants is iS inches long
and 13 inches wide, and is distinctly pinnatifid.
These characters are shown on a plant at Kew, and
they may also be seen on a specimen in the Cam-
bridge Botanic Garden. Coming to us from the
Solomon Islands, from whence M. Linden introduced
it in iSSo, this plant is most likely a species of Raphi-
dophora. The plant provisionally named Pothos
celatocaulis by Mr. N, E. Brown, and which is very
similar in habit to the so-called Marcgravia paradoxa,
is probably a species of Scindapsus, its habit and the
form of its leaves being more like what are seen in
plants of that genus rather than Pothos, the species
of which branch freely, and have a curiously winged
petiole. In at least two of the above cases we see
how wide of the mark a name may be when given to
a plant in an undeveloped state. IV.

Spathiphyllum Minhassae. — Many plants of this
genus are characterised by bold and ample foliage
usually devoid of coloration, and consequently com-
paratively neglected by cultivators of stove plants
generally. The one under notice has an elegantly
tufted habit with handsome spreading deep green
leaves, the lamina of which is ovate-elliptic in outline.
The spathe is lanceolate-acuminate, and milk-white
suffused with green on the margin and underside.
The cylindrical obtuse spadix is of the same white
colour, and adds greatly to the appearance of the
plant. A specimen may be seen in the stove at Kew,
and probably it is grown elsewhere under the name
of S. commutatum. J,

Anemones. — No sooner is Anemone coronaria ripe
and at rest than the tubers are at work again, for already
borders where there are plants are green with their
foliage, which had found its way through the soil
before the rain, and has since grown at a great rate,
so that soon we shall see a wealth of gay blossoms.
Some indeed are showing already, and a few are
open, thus giving an earnest of what they will be ere
winter sets in, and along through the early months
of the coming year, when they will be full of flower :
for though frost may assail them the plants care not,
as I have seen them stand unscathed with blossoms,
fresh looking, peeping through the snow. The best
for winter blooming are plants raised from seed sown
in boxes or pans during March and got up under
glass, which if pricked out in light rich soil and after-
wards nursed on for a month, and then planted,
grow fast all the summer and become very strong by
the autumn, especially if mulched and kept watered
through the hot weather. The system pursued by
some of taking the tubers up is a bad one, as, how-
ever carefully they may be stored, they are sure to
dry and shrivel, which shrinkage means loss of force
and vigour, and when planted again they never
start so well after. Knowing this, we always leave
ours in the ground, and we are rewarded tor this
treatment by the condition we now see them in.
Instead of keeping them long, however, it is better
to treat them as annuals, and to sow and raise fresh
plants every year, but, as referred to above, this must
be done early, and the planting made in good soil.
As Anemones of the coronaria type are fond of sun-
shine, those for first flowering should have a border
sloping south, and the soil should be made light and
rich by adding leaf-mould and well rotted manure. In
the herbaceous garden just now nothing is more strik-
ing and showy than Anemone japonica, both varieties

of which are in the finest of bloom, the soaking rain
having just suited them, as the plants are lovers of
moisture. Valuable as the normal form is, A. japonica
alba, or Honorine Jobert, is even more so, the rich
purity of its large white salver-shaped flowers and
prominent disc, surrounded by golden anthers, making
it quite a gem either for cutting to dress in vases or
for ladies to wear. To grow these Anemones well
they must have deep soil, with a good dressing of
manure worked in where they are to be planted, the
time for dividing and moving them being directly
they go out of bloom, or early in spring, just as they
start, when they may be separated with safety. J. 6'.

Single Dahlias and Bees. — I Have read with
much interest Mr. W. J. Murphy's note in your last
issue. My bed of single Dahlias has been besieged by
wild bees this season, and many of the insects have
remained on the flowers in a stupefied state long after
they have been gathered. But, although I have
several stocks of the honey bee (Apis melifica) in the
garden, I have never seen one of them on the flowers
in the same stupid condition. C. T',

The Celery Maggot. — This troublesome pest has
been very active in our neighbourhood, but our own
plants have scarcely been touched with it, and I have
no doubt that this immunity is due to the treatment
the plants received. I find soot is an excellent deter-
rent, and this year I had the plants well dusted with
it before they were pricked out from the seed-beds.
After they were pricked out they were again dusted
with the soot at least once a week, and were also fol-
lowed up with it as soon as they were planted out in
the trenches. If those who are troubled with the

Fig. 92.— the celery fly.

Celery-fly will try this plan, I have no hesitation in
saying that they will be quite free from the maggot,
The fly seems to detest the soot, as much as the
Celery is improved by its fertilising properties, J .
Douglas.

Begonia fuchsioides. — Notwithstanding the
lateness of the season and the comparatively cheerless
aspect of approaching winter and shortening days,
this Begonia continues to thrive and flower with
remarkable freedom. In the greenhouse at Kew,
where some specimens have been planted out for years
and trained around upright pillars, the whole is
covered from the ground to the roof with abundant
healthy foliage and a profusion of scarlet flowers.
There is not the slightest appearance of that naked
and leggy character that usually accompanies species
of more rigid habit and bolder foliage. The ele-
gantly drooping branches and pendulous cymes of
flowers may not inaptly be compared to a Fuchsia,
and the resemblance is more striking owing to the
size and shape of the leaves. A figure of the plant
appeared in the Botanical Magazine^ t. 4281. J.

Mignonette. — Few plants are more prized during
the winter and spring months than Mignonette, as,
though it is not at all showy at any period of its
growth or bloom, it exhales a most delicious perfume,
which is liked by most people, and is acceptable at
alt times in a room. To have strong plants at the
seasons named, seed should be sown at once ; but
before doing this it is necessary to prepare the pots
by having them well drained, as though Mignonette
requires a fair quantity of water, it is of the greatest
importance that it passes freely through the ball,
otherwise they soon suffer. To keep the crocks open,
it is good plan, when preparing the pots, to scatter a
little sphagnum or moss over them, and on that some

soot, and then the rough soil, filling up with the
remainder just as it comes, pressing it well down
so as to make it firm and the surface smooth
for sowing the seed. The pots should then be
placed level and watered through a fine rose,
and after standing a few hours the seed may be
sown thinly and regularly and then slightly covered
with sifted mould, when, if the pois are placed
anywhere under cover of a frame and kept close for a
few days, the young plants will soon be up and ready
for thinning. This should be done by pulling out all
the weakest and leaving the others at a regular dis-
tance apart, to the number of five or six in a 32-siBed
pot, which are quite enough when staked and tied
out and grown to their proper dimensions. The best
place for Mignonette, after winter sets in, is a light
shelf, up near the glass, in a greenhouse, as there it
gets plenty of air and does not become drawn, but
makes stocky, short jointed plants, that send up fine
spikes of bloom. To encourage and assist them in
doing this they should have liquid-manure, the most
suitable being that made from cow or sheep dung
and soot, and allowed to stand in a tub or other vessel
till clear, when, if not strong, it may be used fre-
quently as the plants become dry. There are now so
many robust kinds of Mignonette, that are just as
sweet-scented as to make the well known old R.
odorata comparatively worthless, for besides such
sorts as R. pyramidalis grandiflora, and Miles' Hybrid
Spiral, it is quite a weed, and must soon go out of
date. In sowing, choice should therefore be made of
those named, as they are sure to give satisfaction either
for cutting or using in pots, as then they are not only
large and fine, but strong and stiff in the stem. J. S.

Tuberous Begonias as Bedding Plants,
— Since writing to you on this subject {vit/e
Gardeners^ Chronicle, Sept. 20) I have had| several
communications, in reference to which I shall, with
yourpermission. conclude with oneor two observations,
but wish first to reply to *' Fairplay,' p. 43S. He
says until I have tried a more extensive list than the
two illustrations, which I gave (p. 366) of Pinks —
crimsons, scarlets, and reds — it is not fair to say B.
Sedeni, Vesuvius, and Paul Masurel, are preferable
to newer and improved varieties. There is a
want of ** fairplay " in this, in at least two respects.
First, I did not speak of what I had myself tried, but
what I had noticed in several private gardens ; for
instance, in that described by me in the last issue of
your contemporary, The Joitrtial of HorticuUnre, I
named eight varieties which I had found, as I stated
in my " Rambles through Private and Unpretentious
Gardens," more generally grown than others for^bed-
ding out. *' Fairplay," acting without consideration
for that profession, selects the three, the worst,
named above, and accuses me then of recommending
them *' in preference to newer and improved
varieties.*' I advisedly named the eight varieties
because, as I stated first, they were bright and
showy ; secondly, they were found to be extremely
floriferous from May to October ; and I may now add
another reason — they are cheap and easily procured,
which cannot be said for "newer and improved
varieties " issued at prohibitive prices when large
numbers are required. Take those recommended
by ** Fairplay " — Graham Bell, J. W. Ferrand, Sir
H. Stanhope, Stanstead Rival, A. Lequin and J,
Backhouse. When I first got J. W. Ferrand, as a
*' new " variety, it was 7j-. 6a', Graham Bell at the
beginning of the present season, as quoted by one of
the largest growers in England, was half that, and
Stanstead Rival the same, or correctly 3^'. (id. ; the
lowest of those named being 2J, bd., in the list referred
to. Now in the garden you have permitted me to
refer to above, there are t\?elve large Begonia beds
say with fifty plants in each (600 in round numbers),
which at the middle price quoted would cost upwards
of 100 guineas, I am afraid even " Fairplay "
would wince if he were handed such a bill. On
the other hand would he have the magnificent and
continuous display given by the old varieties I
named ? By all means get new and improved
varieties, test them for a season or two outside ;
it brilliant, of good habit, and floriferous, propa-
gate them ; but in the meantime grow the old
until they can be dispensed with. In regard to my
stricture as to white not being suitable for bedding out
one of the largest growers in Ireland, Mr. Saunders,
of Cork, writes to say he thinks Alba floribunda
would make a good bedding white. W. J. Mtirphy,
Clonmcl,

Lilium colchicum.— Two or three notes have
appeared about this Lily, complaining that its increase
is very slow. The best and easiest way to increase it
is from seed, which it ripens in abundance, and from
which flowering plants may be obtained in three or
four years. I sow the seed in a large box in common
soil, which I never allow to get dry. Nothing will
appear above-ground for a year, but the seed sprouts
and forms little bulbs under-ground. At the end of
two years these are fit to plant out, and if liberally
treated some will flower the third year. No Lily is

5o:

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Ocroi'.F.R iS, 1S84.

more easily managed, as it is very hardy, and requires
no care wlicn once planted in the border. It deci-
dedly prefers strong soil. Some I planted tluce
years ago in one of my stilfost borders, mixing bone-
dust with the clay, and surrounding the bulbs v.iih
coarse sand, this year produced stout stalks 7 feet
high, with from twenty five to twelve flowers on each
stalk, but no bulb has yet produced two stalks.
C. Wolky Dod, Ed^e Hall, Oct. 13.

Gladiolus The Bride —I wonder why "J. S."
doubts the prncticality of my remarks respecting
the season for planting this charming bulb. Has he
tried autumn planting under varyisg conditions as
regards soil, position, and latitude with bad results ?
If so, it would have been better to have stated the
question fully rather than to have left it an open one,
as he has done in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle,
p. 471. It was no assumption on my part, based
upon the experience of last winter, when I gave the
advice to plant in October, as my experience with the
plant has extended over five or six years in very dif-
ferent positions as regards soil and temperature, and
I have proved beyond question that the best results
have been obtained from autumn planting for outside
culture. Of course I do not doubt the value of
"J. S.'s" remarks as regards pot culture, and my
own might have been qualified, perhaps, with advan-
tage in the case of very wet cold soils ; but generally
speaking, if it is intended to grow the corms outside
it is a decided advantage to plant this month. Upon
examination of some corms which have not been dis-
turbed this year, I (ind they are rooting freely and
the fresh shoots are from i to 2 inches long. "J. S."
must remember that it is the albino form of a first
hybrid between C. concolor and C. cardinalis, the
latter being the male parent, and that species is very
hardy. I may say that I know of clumps of Gladiolus
The Bride which were planted four years since in the
open ground, and have never received any protection,
and during the last summer they were charming ;
they were planted as single corms, and now there are
from twenty to twenty-iive corms to each clump. R.

ORCHIDS AT SILVERDALE

LODGE, SYDENHAM.

The Orchids in the garden belonging to Walter
Cobb, Esq., at this place, are always worthy of a
visit, not because there is a great wealth of bloom at
this season of the year, but because many of the
specimens which are not in bloom are interesting
because of their rarity, combined with the capital
condition in which they are always to be found.
Here, for instance, is a magnificent specimen of
Cymbidium Lowianum, which has been exhibited
four years in succession ; last year it had four flower-
spikes, this year there are seven showing. A very
stout specimen of Vanda Sanderiana is showing a
flower-spike. At present this species is rather erratic
in its time of flowering ; so, for that part, is V. tri-
color and ils varieties. These are flowering all the
year round, and it is possible that the new Vanda
may have this characteristic. One seldom sees Den-
drobiam BensoniLTc making such vigorous growths as
they are doing here. I measured some over iS inches
in length.

Mr. Catt, the gardener, has at last mastered
the culture of Phaius tuberculosus ; there are a
few plants in fine healthy condition, the strong-
est of them showing bloom. Amongst Orchids
in bloom a variety of Epidendrum dichroum is a
pretty little thing. It has been reintroduced again
since it was first sent from Brazil, in 1843. The
flowers are pale purple, with a deep purple lip. A
large specimen of Oncidium incur vum was very
attractive ; it is one of the most useful Orchids for
flowering at this season. O. varicosum has become
well established ; its long spikes of yellow flowers are
very attractive. The best plants had been in the
same baskets for four years, and had lost none of
their vigour. Vanda ccurulea is beautifully in flower ;
there are many spikes, and though all the flowers are
of that delicate pale blue colour, all are different in
form and shade. PIcIune Reichenbachiana, also in
flower, is very pretty in its way ; the flowers arc pale
rosy-lilac, and distinct from any of the other
species.

Two or three varieties of the Cattleya marginata
type were in flower, some of them very pretty indeed.
These very small-growing Cattleyas and Lselias seem
to do best in baskets or pans suspended close to the
roof-glass. They need but little potting-stuff to grow
into, as the roots seem to cling to the woodwork of
the baskets in preference to growing into the polling-
stuff. D.

FRUIT NOTES.

C.ROS Maroc Grape. — Verily, as ** A." says, it is
a long time that this fine Grape has Iain, like lamp-
black in an artist's studio, almost unnoticed. There
is not a Vine more easy of cultivation or less affected
by Vine ailments. The first time I saw it was at
Sawbridgeworth, about ten years ago, in a grounil
vinery, where it was evidently at home. The IJurghley
variety certainly has the most intense bloom that any
Grape can assume, but those from other gardens arc
very little inferiorin this respect. That there are two
varieties is extremely improbable. The variations arc
caused by different modes of cultivation, or other
well-known causes of divergency. Your correspondent,
Mr. Sheppard, can bear me out in saying that for a
back wall of a vinery Gros Maroc is unequalled, for it
sets, colours, and ripens as well as can be desired in
this position. With us it was a small and loose
bunch, but at Hutton Hall, under Mr. Maclndoc's
care, the bunch is large, finely shouldered, with large
round berries. The temptation was strong to say
that I had got hold of a different variety of the same
Grape. Grapes grown from eyes from Burghley,
however, bear the same intense bloom elsewhere as
they do there. Mr. Johnstone, of Glamis, grows it
under the name of Cosford Black. C. A. M, Car-
michacl.

Fruit in Warwickshire.— It is rather singular
that that fine sort, Blenheim Pippin Apple, should
generally be a very fair crop this year in this part of
Warwickshire when so many others have failed to
bear, or at best only a sprinkling. On all of the
Kenilworth Castle farms here we have a fine crop in
old orchards, and the fruits are unexceptionably fine
and well-coloured — indeed, I never remember to have
seen them such a brilliant red as many of them are
this year. On one of our farms some of the wild
Crabs have been grafted with Blenheim Orange, and
they have made good growth in the hedgerows where
they stand. I gathered from 4 to S " pots " of
fruit off some of them, which appear of higher colour
than those off trees in the orchard. Of other sorts,
such as Ilanwell Souring, of which sort there are
many grown in this locality, there is next to none.
Last year, on one of the large trees of this sort in the
Castle garden, 16 *' pots " were gathered. Wyken
Pippin is also a great favourite ; in fact, the first
question the Apple-dealers ask when they come to
buy is, " Have you any Wyken Pippin and Blenheim
Orange ? " Of these kinds there is a fair crop.
Temple's Pippin is a good local Apple, of which
there are some very old trees about Kenilworth. We
have a good crop of Northern Greening in most of
the farm orchards. Joseph Murdoch, Kenilworth,

Seedling Crads. — A new variety is a most
beautiful object on the tree, a very fiee fruiter in all
seasons, and bears its fruit in clusters, which are a
beautiful colour, and almost look as if varnished.
The foliage also is very distinct, particularly in a
young slate, and the habit of the tree is of a fine
pyramidal growth. A seedling from the old Scarlet
Crab, raised by Mr. Edward Holmes, of Whittington
Nursery, near Lichfield, and not as yet in commerce.

Fruit Trees for Autumn Planting. — The
time for planting is at hand. A wise old gardener
recommended am.iteur cultivators to visit a nursery in
person and see their trees lifted in a proper manner ;
and he gave this further piece of useful advice : —
"Old trees which have been frequently cut down
should not be accepted for planting though offered
gratis. Choose young healthy plants of even growth,
clean bark, free from old wounds or snags." We will
add to this, choose also good u.3eful sorts, and see
that they have plenty of strong fibrous roots near the
surface. In these days amateur fruit cullivators are
preferring to plant bush or pyramid trees of Apples
on the English Paradise stock. In making a selec-
tion, if experience fails to enable the planter
to make a suitable selection, he should obtain
some neighbouring and friendly advice, which
is seldom withheld. The varieties should be
of hardy constitution, and good general croppers.
They should be successional also. This also applies
to Pears and Plums. Most fruJt trees of this character

do well in ordinary garden soil, with some fresh tuify
loam mixed with it. If there is a danger of the lap-
root of the trees going down into a dc^-p fertile sub-
soil below, a little concrete might be used to prevent
this ; but it is not often necessary, and in planting the
trees it is best to dig out the soil to the necessary
depth, tread ihe bottom a little firmly, and then
spread the roots over the surface after jire-
viously cutting away any that ate over-lung or
damaged. Fibrous roots, thai will take a ready
hold upon the soil, are what is wanted ; and trees
furnished with these, if properly planted, can
hardly fail to do well. It is well to mulch all newly
planted trees when frosty weather is likely to ensue,
and care is necessary that by being swayed about by
autumnal winds they are not rendered loose at the
roots.

Royal Horticultural : October \^, 15, \6and\T.
— The fine collection of hardy and tender fruits, held
in the conservatory at South Kensington, was a
worthy continuation to that held in the Crystal Palace
during four days of the previous week, il was likewise
as interesting to the general public, who thronged to
see what is to many of them a great treat, inasmuch
as some beautiful autumn flowers and hothouse plants
added greatly to its attractiveness. The collections
of vegetables, too, if they did not consist of so many
kinds as was noticed at the other place, were more
numerous, as well as being of the best quality for the
season.

The Fruit Show.— For the best collection of
Pears, Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons, Sawbridgeworth,
were awarded the 1st and only prize — in which most
were fair samples, but containing nothing of very
great merit.

Fruit Committee. — Harry Veilch, Esq., in the
chair. Present: Messrs. G. Goldsmith, Arthur Sutton,
C. Ross, J. Ellam, J. C. Lane, J. Burnett, P. Crawley,
G. Rutland, W. Paul, C. Silverlock, S. Ford, G.
Bunyard, R. D, Blackmore, and G. Breeze.

Pears. — For the best fifty dishes of Pears, five fruits
of each. — 1st, Mr. C. Haycock, gr. to R. Leigh, Esq.,
Barbara Court, Maidstone, a splendid collection, his
Passe Crassane, Emilie Heyst, Doyenne d'Alcnt;on,
Fondante de Pavisit, Prince Napoleon, and Vineuse
being of fine appearance and remarkably well done.
A near 2d was Mr. G. Goldsmith, gr., Ilollanden
Park, who had wonderful Duchesse de Bordeaux,
Rateau Gris, Madame Treyve, and Inconnu. 3d, Mr.
Waterman, gr. to H. A. Erassey, F,?q., M. P., Preston
Hall, Aylesford. For the best twelve dishes of five each.
— 1st, Mr. C. Haycock, the Beurre Clairgeau, B.
Superfin, B. Diel, B. Hardy, B. d'A!eni;on, Gen.
Todtleben, and Pilmaslon Duchess, being first-nte
specimens. 2d, Mr. Rutland, gr. to His Grace the
Duke of Richmond, Goodwood, who hnd vety fin-;
Chaumontelle, Easter Beuric, Durondeau, and
Duchesses; 3d, Mr. Goldsmith. For six dishes of
five fruits each. — 1st, Mr. C. Haycock ; 2d, Mr.
W. Johnstone, gr. to the Marchioness of Camder,
Bayham Abbey, Kent, who had several very fine
dishes; 3d, Mr. Goldsmith, in whose lot the sorts
Nouveau Poitcau and Doyenne Boussoch were
especially good. For three dishes.— is% Mr. Hay-
cock ; 2d, Mr. Goldsmith and Mr. W. Johnstone —
no 3d being given. For the highest flavoured Pear.
— 1st, Mr. C. Ross, gr. to C. Eyre, E^q., Welford
Park, Newbury, with the Seckle ; 2d, Mr. W. John-
stone, with Gansel's Bergaraolte ; 3d, Mr. C. Hay-
cock, with Beurre Superfin. The same gardener
received the ist prize for Pear Pitma^ton I >uchesse,
certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society. The
prize-winners in the cl iss for three varieties of stewing
Pears were — 1st, Mr. C. Haycock ; 2d, Mr. Rutland ;
3d, Mr. W. Johnstone ; the sorts shown being
Uvedale's St. Germain, Catillac, Grossc Calabasse,
Bellisime d'lliver.

Apples. — The best Apples of the Blenheim Orange
Pippin variety were shown by Mr. Walker, Thame,
1st ; Mr. W. Ford, gr. to W. E. Hubbard, Leonard's
Lodge, Horsham, 2d; Mr. (i. Goldsmith 3d. All
the fruits were of a high colour, but of vaiicd dimen-
sions, twenty-one dishes being shown. l''or the beit
dish of Cox's Orange Pippin the winners were
respectively, Mr. C. Haycock ist, Mr. A. Water-
man 2d, Mr. G. Goldsmith 3 J. Dii^hes shown,
twenty-two. Of King of the Pippins Iwenty-threc
dishes were shown, the winners being Mr. F, Miller,
gr. to J. T. Friend, Northdown, Margate, 1st ; Mr.
Rutland 2d, Mr. G. Goldsmith 3d. For the best
Mere de Menage. — ls(, Mr. C. Ross ; 2d, Mr.
Walker; 3d, Mr. C. Haycock. There were eight
dishes shown that were all fine in colour, if some
were deficient in size fur culinary fruit. Good spe-
cimens of Golden Noble and Wallham Abbey seed-

October i8, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

50:

ling were shown, there being; seventeen dishes alto-
i^ether put up. Mr. Miller, Northdown, was ist with
i'lolden Noble ; Mr, J. Gihiimir, gr. to tlie Ki^ht
lion, G. f. Giischcn, Seacox Heath, llawkhiust,
was 2d, with Wahham Abbey Scedlini; ; Mr. G. T.
Miles, of Wycombe Abbiiy Gardens, was 3d. Mr.
Gjldsiniih received a Commendation for his dish of
Golden Noble. Some small lots of Court of Wick,
Old Golden Tippin, were seen, but they call for no
p.irliculat mention. Mr. Haycock took the 1st prize
for Veasgood's Nonsuch ; Mr. C'. Friend, the 2d for
Loddington's Seedling ; and Messrs. Lane c^ Son,
Keikhamsted, the 3d, with Piince Albert, in the
cta>s for iVpples of recent date, certificated by the
Koyal Horticultural Society. Commended were also
Mr. C. Ross for Peasgood's Nonsuch, and Mesfrs.
Sallmarsh <S: Co., Chelmsford, for the Oueen, a pretty
losy striped carmine fruit.

Phiiiis. — Fifteen dishes of Plums were exhibited,
consisting mostly of Coe's Golden Drop, the winners
of the three prizes being — Ist, Mr. J. Staples, Chip-
.slead Gardens ; 2d, Mr. Haycock ; 3d, Mr. J. Bolton,
Combe Bank, Sevenoaks.

Piachcs were not seen in any great numbers, and
for the best dish of six fruits — 1st, Mr. Rutland, with
Salway ; 2d, Mr. Staples; 3d, Mr. E. Chadwick,
Hanger Hill House, Ealing, with Walhiuton and
Late Admirable.

Some few samples of Grapes from the open air
were shown, but they were small, and had evidently
been grown without sufficient nutriment, as the
appearance in almost all cases showed poverty of
soil.

Several lots of Crabs were exhibited, viz., the
Dartmouth, a deep crimson, large fruited ; the Siberian,
&c. — about a dozen dishes in all. The London and
Provincial Dairy Supply Association sent for exhibition
twenty-four dishes of Apples ; and Messrs. Paul & Son,
The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, seventy-one dishes ;
Messrs. Cheal & Son a hundred dishes, chiefly from
trees grown in the cordon fashion, also sixteen dishes
of Pears, many of them being remarkable for size,
colour, and freedom from blemishes. Messrs. G.
Kunyard & Co., Maidstone, had sixty-three dishes of
leading kinds of Apjilcs, among them being fine
Alexander, Pomona, Cellini, Worcester Pearmain,
King of the Pippins, and (^ueen Caroline. Messrs.
T. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, had ninety-eight dishes
of Apples grown on the light land of their Fulham
nursery, many of which were remarkable for their
size, and the collection generally for great excellence.
The Sandringham Apple, certificated in 1SS3, also
came from these nurseries.

Miscellaneous Exhibits. — Mr. J. Sanderson, gr.
to H. D. pQchin, Esq., Bodnant Hall, Den-
bighshire, showed three capital bunches of Black
Hamburgh Grapes, and six of Muscats, the latter
having been of great merit, but were getting over-
lipe. Mr. B, S. Williams showed black Grape
Winter King, with immense berries and mas-
sive bunch, showing much resemblance to Gros
Colmar as far as size, colour, and form of berry go.
Mr. McLaren, Ash, Aldershot, showed a green-
coloured culinary Apple called Sir Roger. Colonel
Turberville, Ewenny Priory, Bridgend, South Wales,
exhibited twelve fruits of Duchesse d'Angouleme
Pear, possessing a weight of li lb. 6 oz. Mr. K.
Dean, Ranelagh Road, showed a large yellow-fruited
Tomato, Piince of Orange, that is a novelty amongst
these popular fruits. A large crimson variety came
from Mr. Phillips, The Deodars, Meopham, Kent —
it was named Perfection, a not very precise or dis-
tinctive term for it. Mr. W. Bull showed a large
Plum from Japan, purplish-red outside, with yellow
flesh. It had been named Kelsey's Japan Plum.
From Messrs. Dickson & Sons, Newtownards, Belfast,
came an Apple named Loggan's Seedling, and a
variety not known. Mr. G. T. Miles showed
Wycombe Abbey Seedling Tumato, and Mr. J. P.
Kendall, gr. to H. L. Holland, Esq., Templeton, Roe-
hampton, six varieties of Melons. From the Wel-
ford Park Gardens there came two fine Pioe-apples
weighing each rather more than 8 lb., and six Oueen
Pine-apples from Mr. J. Harris, Singleton. From
J. N. Hibberts, Esq., Chalfont Park (gr., Mr. C.
Flerrin), a large and miscellaneous collection of
Melons were sent. Mr. W. Johoslone, Bayham,
contributed a large quantity of Rivers' late Plum, the
bloom on them being perfection, and a sample of the
Blue Impcratrice Plum came from Mr. J. May, gr. to
Captain Le Blanc, Norlham House, Barnet, Princess
of Wales Peach, Victoria Nectarines. Mr. Walker,
Thame, sent home-grown Oranges and Lemons,
securing the 2d prize.

Floral Committee : Section A.—]. Eraser, Esq.,
in the chair. Present : Me<;srs. Kinghorn, Laing,
Ileibst, Wocdbridge, Hudson, Dominy, Hill,
O'Brien, and Dr. Masters. The subjects brought
before this division were not numerous ; among the
principal were Dendrobium Phalcenopsis, an Austra-
lian species, with flowers in racemes, the sepals and
petals lanceolate, pale lilac ; the petals ovate acute,
deeper lilac, and a three-Iobed lip, the two side lobes

erect, roundish, deep purple, the central one acute,
and lighter in colour. A First-class Certificate was
awarded for it to Messrs. Veitch. The same firm
secured a similar award for a very interesting hybrid
Sarraccnia called S. Wrigleyana x , a hybrid between
S, psittacina and S. Drummondi, and curiously inter-
mediate between the two. In size and form the pitchers
are intermediate between the two parents; the pitchers
arc erect, reddish-pur[tle, with a white network. Mr.
1 lumphreys, gr., Nash Court, Faversham, sent flowers
of his fine variety of Lapageria rosea superba, which
the committee recommended should be propagated by
layers, so as to ensure its perpetuity. A First-class
Certificate was awarded. Messrs. Bunyard, of Maid-
stone, received aVoteof Thanks for handsome spraysol
Dimorphanthus mandschuricus alias Aralia sinensis, a
very striking hardy Araliaceousshrub. To Messrs. May,
of Edmonton, a First-class Certificate was awarded for
Pteris serrulata cristata corapacta. A Vote of Thanks
was assigned to Mr. Vanner, of Chislehurst, for his
fine variety of Phalxnopsis Sanderiana. Mr, B. S. Wil-
liams showed a golden variegated leaved variety of
Corynocarpus l:evigatus, and to the same gentleman
was adjudged a Botanical Certificate to Cyrtanlhus
lutescens which appeared to be identical with C.
Mackennii. For fine specimens of Garrya elliptica
in fruit, lately figured by us, Mr Pochin was awarded
a Vote of Thanks. Mr. Sheppard, of Woolverston, sent
Croton Sheppardi, a form with narrow lanceolate
leaves, green, heavily spotted and bordered with
yellow, and short red stalks, but considered too like
other forms to require separate recognition.

Section B.: Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in the chair.
Present : Messrs. H. Turner, Cannell, H. Bennett,
J. James, G. W. Wilson, J. Child, G. Duffield, W.
B. Killick, J. Douglas.— Mr. G. Wormig, florist,
Woking, had a fine decorative yellow Chrysanthe-
mum, a sport from Madame Desgranges, that met
with the recognition of the Floral Committee. Mr.
J. Wiggins, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Grove Road,
Kingston, had some pretty Cyclamens with marbled
markings on the leaves, as well as an early flowering
kind, named Crown Prince. From Messrs) Cheal &
Son came a box containing bunches of various shrubs
and trees with coloured foliage or with bloom, illus-
trating their value in gardens at this period of the
year. These were Catalpa aurea, Golden Elder,
Cornus sibirica variegata, Althcea frutex in bloom,
Weigela Lavallei, also in flower ; Leycesteria for-
raosissima, Ligustrum ovalifolium variegatum, Hy-
pericum oblongifolium, Weigela nana variegata and
W. Van Houttii, Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora.
Spiraea Lindleyana, Potentilla fruticosa, Spiraea
Fortune], Rosa rugosa in berry, variegated
Snowberry, Prunus Pissardi, and others, Mr.
W. Beaiby showed a pretty double rosette Begonia
named Felix Crousse, of dwarf habit and upright
flower-stems. Some plumose Celosias came from Mrs.
Adams, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr., Mr. H. Beard), that
helped to show what a valuable plant this is for late
autumn decoration in the intermediate-house, or
where it is not damp or cold. Messrs. Cannell &
Sons showed a crimson Begonia, King of Kings — a
fine flower ; a very showy pink-flowered Begonia
Martiana, a variety of B. diversiflora, exceedingly
useful also at this season ; and showy kinds of winter-
blooming Pelargoniums, just now beginning to open.
The names are new, but the colours are of necessity
not new ; they have good pips and are regularly
formed, Mr. Ward, of Bishop Stortford, showed
samples, fixed In position, of his earthenware Grape
troughs.

The awards made were : —

Section A.
First-class Certiitcates.
To Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for Dendrobium Phala:-
nopsis.

To Messrs. J. Veilch & Sons, for Sarracenia Wrig-
leyana y. .

To Mr. Humphreys, for Lapageria rosea superba.
To Messrs. May, for Pteris serrulata cristata com-
pacta.

Botanical Certiitcate.
To Mr. B. S. VVillams, for Cyrtanthus lutescens.
Section B.
First-class Certiitcates.
To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for pompon Dahlia
Emilie Heincker.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for D ihlia La Petite
Barbie re.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for D.gonia King of
Kings.

To Mr. W. Beaiby, for double Begonia Felix
Crousse,

To Mr. G. Wormig, for Chrysanthemum, a yellow
sport from Madame Desgranges.

Dahlias. — It was something in the way of a
surprise, after having experienced so much stormy
weather, to see a display of Dahlias at South Ken-
sington so late as October 14. They were not in
such good condition as ws are accustomed to see them
in September, but they were certainly very attractive,
and added greatly to the interest of the meet-

ing. The most important exhibit was that from
Messrs. Rawlings Bios., Romford, which contained
besides a large assortment nf named varieties, a
goo'.lly number of seedlings, some of which at least
will take a foremost place when ihcy are cultivated by
the best growers. As they were exhibited, perhaps
the best of them was T. S. Sillmar^h, yellow,
shaded and edged with red, good petals, fine form,
and quite distinct. William D 'dds, quite new in
colour, deep crimson, with a paler shade at the edge ;
flowers of large size and good form. Hany Turner,
deep purplish-maroon, almost sparkling in its rich
colour, Mrs. Henry Glasscock, pure white, a finely-
formed flower, and a good addition to a class
that contains such an exquisite flower as Mrs. Hen-
shaw. Mrs. Kendall, bluish-white, edged with
bright lilac, large and fine form. Henry Eck
ford, yellow, flaked and striped with bright
scarlet ; a good fancy kind. Charles Turner,
buff ground, striped and spotted maroon ; flowers
large and of good form. W. G. Grace, pale purple
ground colour, heavily striped and spotted with
maroon-purple. Messrs. Rawlings seem to have
made a good hit with their seedlings this year, for
besides the above they have Mrs. Douglas, a fine
scarlet, recently certificated ; and Mrs. Carter, by far
the best of the type, with white ground and maroon
tips to the petals. The whole of these seedlings have
passed into the hands of Mr. Charles Turner, of
Slough, and most of them will be sent out next May.
Besides the new flowers there were some good
examples of the best of the old-established sorts, such
as George Barnes, Mrs, Saunders, Gaiety, J, B. M.
Camm, and Hugh Austin in fancies. C3f selfs the
best were Mr. G. Harris, a fine scarlet self; Miss
Cannell, James Vick, James Cocker, Earl of Ravens-
worth, distinct fawn colour ; William Rawlings,
George Rawlings, Prince of Denmark, John Standish,
Claudian, Royal Queen, John Henshaw. From W.
Keith, Esq., Cornwallis, Brentwood, came an excel-
lent stand of twenty-four, the most prominent bloom
being a fine one of Walter H. Williams, rich scarlet ;
George Harris, fine ; William Rawlings, Mrs. Dodds,
Ethel Britton, and Joseph Surface ; also some beau-
tiful bunches of bouquet kinds. Messrs. Cheal »S: Sons,
Crawley, Sussex, exhibited some nice bunches of
pompons and single varieties, some of the latter being
very bright in colour. The best of them were Juno,
lilac striped ; Alba Perfecta, Vellow Boy, Brutus,
crimson ; Paragon, Union Jack, striped ; Cameo,
rosy-lilac, very pretty.

Not the least attractive part of Messrs. Cannell's
exhibit was a collection of new pompon Dahlias of
Continental origin. Two varieties obtained First-
class Certificates. The best of the two was Frau
Emil Heinicke, a very pretty kind, with distinct rose-
coloured flowers ; La Petite Barbiere, also a charming
kind, with pure white flowers, formed like those of
Lady Blanche, but smaller. The best of the others
were Gruss aus Leipzig, crimson-scarlet, fine ; Zela-
nina, buff, very pretty ; Charles Huber, crimson ; and
Liebes Medallion, rosy-purple.

Votes of Thanks.

To Mrs. Adams, for Celosia plumosa.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, tor Leonotis Leonurus.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Begonia Martiana.

To Messrs. Rawlings Bros., for a collection of Dahlias.

To Messrs. Collins Bros, & Gabriel, for Lilium auratum
bulbs of home growth.

To Mr, R. Dean, for Tomato Prince of Orange.

To Mr. G. T. Miles, for seedling Tomato Prince of
Orange.

To Mr. G. Hawkins, for Pears Duchesse d'Angouleme.

To Mr. R. Phillips, for Tomato seedling.

To Mr. J. Sanderson, for Grapes.

Vegetables. — The truly liberal prizes offered in
the schedule for eight kinds of vegetables brought
eight collections, and, as should be the case with such
good encouragement, the quality was of the best ;
indeed we think the two highest prize lots could hardly
have been excelled. Mr. Miles, Wycombe Abbey
Gardens, and Mr. Haines, Coleshlll, Berks, occupied
on this occasion the same positions as they did at
the previous exhibition in contesting a similar class,
and both deserve to rank amongst the foremost
exhibitors of the day. Mr. Miles came 1st with
a grand dish of Stamfordian Tomato, five beautiful
Tender and True Cucumbers, young and handsome
Canadian Wonder Beans, superb Pinesfield Onions,
fine and clean James' Intermediate Carrots,
pretty LaJy Paget Lapstone Potatos, rather large
Veitch's Exhibition Brussels Sprouts, and a singularly
good dish of Allen's Champion Peas. Mr. Ilaines
was 2d with good Stamfordian Tomatos, fine Autumn
Giant Cauliflowers, very fine Clarke's Red Celery,
and equally good Improved White Spanish Onions,
handsome Champion Runner Beans, good Brussels
Sprouts, Tender and True Cucumbers, and grand
Schoolmaster Potato. Mr. Phillips, gr. to Dr. Baber,
The Deodars, Meopham, was 3d, having fine Student
Parsnips, Long Surrey Carrots, and very handsome
Perfection Tomatos, &c. One competitor had put up
as a novel vegetable a dish of white fruits of the Egg-
plant, very pretty and effective, but they failed to

504

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[October i8, 1884,

secure the judges' approbation. Having regard to the
average good quality of the collections, we should like
to have seen the ^13 given in three prizes distributed
into six at least, and thus have done greater justice.

Polatos formed on this occasion a very important
and interesting feature in the show, and loud were
the expressions of surprise and admiration given
utterance to by the myriads of visitors. A class for
fifty kinds necessarily brought a limited competition,
only three collections being staged. Mr. W. Kerr,
Potato Grounds, Dumfries, a noted Scotch grower,
and since the withdrawal of Mr. Porter from com-
petition in Potatos, the leading grower of the North,
was 1st, with a lot of fine clean samples, including
King Offa, Covent Garden Perfection, Woodstock
Kidney, Duke of Albany, and Magnum Bonum
— white kidneys ; Red Fluke, Defiance, Mr. Bresee,
Pritetaker — coloured kidneys ; Brownell's Best,
Mammoth Pearl, King Noble, and Bedfont Pro-
lific — white rounds ; and Vicar of Laleham,
Grampian, Fifties, Annie, and Matchless — coloured
rounds. Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, was 2d, with a fine
collection, hardly less bright and good, including
many of the Bedfont raised kinds. Mr. C. Osman,
the South Metropolitan Schools, Sutton, was 3d, his
samples being large, but rather rough. The classes
which followed were arranged specially to include
variety in the exhibits, and hence garden sorts would
be put up pretty much as their fitness for garden
culture impressed the exhibitor. In this class Mr.
R. Dean, who had reserved his strength for
this show, was 1st, with a very neat and well
selected lot, including Ashleaf, Lapstone, Cosmo-
politan, Snowflake, Snowdrop, and Woodstock —
white kidneys ; Beauty of Hebron, Reading Russet,
Radstock Beauty, Vicar of Laleham, and Matchless —
coloured kinds ; and Sunrise, white round, Mr. J,
Hughes, Eydon Hall Gardens, Byfield, who evidently
had not sent his best tubers, was 2d, having
Edgcote Purple, The Dean, Reading Russet, Car-
dinal, Prizetaker, and Red Emperor — coloured kinds ;
and Porter's Excelsior, Myatt's Ashleaf, Edgcote
Seedling, Snowdrop, Sutton's Favourite, and Early
Regent — white kinds. Mr. Kerr, who was 3d, put
up Myatt's Ashleaf, King Offa, Woodstock Kidney,
Brownell's Best, Early Regent, Eclipse, Fillbasket,
Reading Russet Adirondack, Beauty of Hebron,
Defiance, and Grampian. Next came a class for twelve
field kinds ; and here Mr. Dean was again 1st, having
fine samples of Cosmopolitan, Snowdrop, Reading
Hero, Woodstock Kidney, Magnum Bonum, Chancellor,
Schoolmaster, Beauty of Hebron, Adirondack, Vicar
of Laleham, The Dean, and Reading Russet. Mr.
Howard, Bridge, near Canterbury, was 2d with a fine
lot of rough-skinned tubers; his field selection was
Woodstock Kidney, Cosmopolitan, Vermont Cham-
pion, Schoolmaster, Mr. Bresee, Vicar of Laleham,
Earliest of All, Beauty of Hebron, Red Fluke, Beauty
of Kent, Queen of the Valley, and Adirondack, Mr.
Kerr was 3d, his collection including White Elephant,
Clarke's Maincrop, Magnum Bonum, The Dean,
Striped Don. The class for twelve kinds of late
varieties naturally brought representatives of many of
the field kinds, as will be seen. Mr. Dean again took
1st place here, having very fine samples of Prime
Minister, Chancellor, Magnum Bonum, Schoolmaster,
Reading Hero, Bedfont Rose, The Dean, Beauty of
Kent, Mr. Bresee, Vicar of Laleham, Manhattan,
and White Giant ; Mr. Kerr came 2d, with King
Offa, Peerless, Purple King, Defiance, Covent Garden
Perfection, Reading Russet, Adirondack, Scammel's
Glory, and others ; Mr. C. F. Pragnall, Kensington
and Chelsea Schools, Banstead, was 3d, his samples
being rather rough. A class for American kinds,
showing pedigrees or parentage, could hardly attract
competition here. Mr. Kerr put up eleven kinds, all
handsome samples, but owing to the lack of
information as to pedigrees the prize was with*
held. A similar class for English raised kinds, also
giving pedigrees, proved a good thing for Mr. Dean,
who showed a fine collection of twenty-seven sorts,
the greater portion of his own raising. These in-
cluded Chancellor, Cosmopolitan, Lord Mayor,
Standwell, President, Recorder, Sunrise, London
Hero, and Alderman — white kinds ; The Dean, Bed-
font Rose, Rosebud, Cardinal, and Rufus — coloured
kinds ; also Reading Russet, Prizetaker, and Inter-
national, of Mr. Fenn's kinds. Vicar of Laleham
(Peake), Edgcote Purple (Wills) ; and of Mr. Lye's
raising, Clyffe Hall, Perfection, Progress, Wiltshire
Giant, and Pride of Clyffe. Mr, Ross, Welford
Park Gardens, Newbury, was the only other exhi-
bitor, ^having fifteen kinds of his own raising, in-
cluding M.P., Miss Fowler, Victory, Productive, and
Robert Fenn, all strongly marked with the parentage
of Woodstock Kidney.

economic footing, he remarked that this had languished
because the coalfields had supplied us with fuel, while
foreign forests had supplied us with timber. Now,
however, that natural forests were disappearing from
foreign countries, the claims of sylviculture were beginning
to assert themselves. Speaking of its claims as a national
industry, he said it was not meant that it should be
bolstered up by the State, and controlled exclusively by
the State. What was wanted from the Stale was money
on favourable terms ,and reasonable security. British
enterprise might safely be left to manage the rest. The
State was not beyond suspicion of becoming a monopolist ;
and it was better employed in directing all the branches
of a nation's industry than in pursuing any branch that
could be left to individual enterprise. As the causes
that had repelled capital from this industry were
rapidly disappearing, the sooner it settled down to its
proper work the better ; for a dearth of timber would
certainly be experienced by men now living. We had
in the United Kingdom in a raw state all the materials
necessary to construct a thorough -going sylviculture.
We had foresters who were faithful, energetic, fairly in-
telligent, and anxious to be better instructed ; and we
had acquired during the last half century, along with
others that seemed worthless, many species of exotic
trees that were full of promise, and the knowledge of
these and their culture was daily increasing. With
regard to forestry education, that question was some
years ago committed to the Council of the Arboricul-
tural Society ; but having had a share of the respon-
sibilities of that Council for two years, and attended
all its meetings, he was prepared to assure them
that the question of education had not once been
before them. Why, he asked, this delay— this tampering
\yith so important a question? The question of educa-
tion was not the most important question for foresters
in Scotland. The Scottish forester was one who had
to manage woods subject to the wishes of his
employer. This meant a good deal that could
never be placed in the prospectus of a school
of forestry. Foresters, knowing this, had had no
motive for pressing forward the educational question ;
and he submitted that forestry must become prosperous
by industry before it became elegant by prosperity.
They were at present under invitation to attend a
Forestry Congress. He had for long believed that
some such thing was necessary ; but this had come
somewhat suddenly ; it struck him, and would no
doubt strike others, as thunder from a cloudless sky.
He did not know what subjects were chosen for discus-
sion, but he earnestly wished that the subjects dealt
with should be those by which forestry was cabined,
cribbed and confined. — In a discussion which followed the
reading of the paper, Mr. Fraser thought there was at
present a disposition to make too much of education in
connection with foresters. He held that the education
of foresters was similar to that of gardeners, and that,
with the appliances of the present day and the cheap-
ness of all kinds of literature a studious young man
could educate himself. Let him read, let him think ; give
him an axe in his hand, and let him go into the woods and
study Nature for himself. He did not see any necessity
for a school of forestry at all. He went on to question the
likehhood of sylviculture being taken up by landlords
as a patriotic matter, and said he should require more
proof than Mr. Gordon had given that timber was
getting such a scarce commodity. — Mr. Mackenzie said
that while some kinds of foreign timber were getting
very scarce, still timber could be bought cheap. He
thought it unlikely that British growers could compete,
unless foreign timber got so exhausted that the price
should be very considerably increased ; and he did not
see much appearance of that in the meantime. — Mr.
Morrison was of opinion that no man could get too
much education, whether a forester or any one else ;
and the Chairman urged the importance of having our
foresters thoroughly educated if they were to hold their
own with those of other nations. A vote of thanks was
accorded to Mr. Gordon for his paper.

The following flowers, fruit, and vegetables were
exhibited : — By Mr. E. Holmes, Whittington Nurseries,
near Litchfield, a new Crab, which was awarded a First-
class Certificate. Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, London,
showed a select collection of cut herbaceous flowers. Mr.
Chapman, Easter Duddingston Lodge, showed cut
branches of CoUettia spinosa in flower, and other
hardy flowers. Mr. John Owens Foulden, Berwick-
on-Tweed, showed a new seedling Potato named
Rufus. — Mr. R. Munro, Abercorn Nursery, Piershill,
Mid-Lothian, exhibited a collection of hardy autumn
flowers, which included sixteen varieties of early flower-
ing Chrysanthemums, twelve species of herbaceous
Asters, and other cut flowers. A vote of thanks was
awarded to the exhibitors.

Scottish Horticultural Association. — The

seventh ordinary monthly meeting of this Society was
held on Tuesday, October 7, at 5, St. Andrew Square,
Edinburgh — Mr. Todd in the chair. A paper was read
by Mr. Gordon, Royal Botanic Garden, on the "Claims
of Sylviculture." Defining sylviculture, as distinguished
from arboriculture, as the growing of trees on a purely

A BRITISH ASSOCIATE ON HIS
TRAVELS.

iCoiitiinied from p. 428.)
I HAVE already spoken of the general aspect of the
flora of the eastern side of America as it strikes a
botanist coming from Europe, As you advance from
Lake Superior across the prairies, these familiar
friends gradually disappear, though it is strange to see
some still holding their place — and these are evi-
dently native — to the base or even on to the slopes of
the Rockies : among these are Achillea Millefolium
and Campanula rotundifolla. The middle of September
is not the time of the year to see the flora of the
prairies in its beauty, but even now there is suflicient

of interest for the European visitor. One feature that
cannot fail to strike the most casual observer is the ex-
traordinary wealth of Composite ; and he must be a
born systematist who could in a short time master
the distinctions and the relationships of the numerous
species of Aster, Solidago, Erigeron, and Helianthu.s
not to mention several other less familiar genera,
many of the species being of very great beauty. Among
plants belonging to other natural orders still found in
flower may be mentioned the dwarf Malvastrum coc-
cineum, which in the spring stars the grass with its
crimson flowers, the yellow Linum rigidum, the
" Prairie Clover," Petalostemon violaceum, so unlike
a Leguminous plant in its general aspect ; Rosa blanda,
Gaura coccinea, the white Ginothera albicaulis, the
Prairie Cactus, Maxillaria; vivipara, Aralia hispida
fringing the track-side with its dangerous hispid
stems, Dracocephalum parviflorum, several Pent-
stemons, and Gentiana detonsa, rivalling our G.
verna in the brilliancy of its azure.

The principal fodder plants of the Canadian prairies
are Vicia americana and Lathyrus venosus ; the latter,
a fine large-leaved species, has its western geographical
limit near Lake Superior. Edible berries and other
fruits are very numerous. The commonest Black-
berry in the East is Rubus villosus, not unlike our
R. fruticosus (if onejmay still use this name), but with
morejhoary foliage. R. odoratus is a splendid plant,
with large rose-coloured flowers, and fruit not unlike
a Raspberry, but larger and flatter. In the Rocky
Mountains this is replaced by the white-flowered and
edible R. nutkanus. The common Raspberry of the
prairies is R. strigosus, which grows in enormous
quantities by the sides of the railway. Edible species
of Vaccinium are numerous in marshes in the East.
The common Whortleberry is V. corymbosum, a large
shrubby plant producing great quantities of fruit ;
V. macrocarpum strongly resembles our Cranberry ;
and the Canadians have also V. canadense, Vitis-
idsea, and pennsylvanicum. The leaves of Ledum
latifolium are largely used in the East under the name
of " Labrador Tea." A small edible red berry, from
which an excellent jelly is made, is produced by
Shepherdia argentea, belonging to the jElaeagnaceje,
known as the " Buffalo Bush," a spiny plant now
largely planted for hedges in the North-west.

I cannot omit mentioning the great beauty in the
more southern districts of Pennsylvania and Mary-
land of the tree known to us as the Tulip tree, to the
Americans as the Tulip Poplar, Liriodendron
tulipifera. In the neighbourhood of Philadelphia
it seems to have formed a large portion of the original
forest, and trees with perfectly erect stems and a
magnificent head of foliage are still standing, 80 to
100 feet in height, and with trunks 24 in 3 feet in
diameter.

On reaching the Rocky Mountains themselves, as
soon as you rise to an elevation of 8000 to 10,000
feet, the remarkable phenomenon presents itself
of a flora essentially European in its genera,
and even to a certain extent in its species.
This will be illustrated by the mention of a very few
of the plants gathered in a single day's botanising on
the mountains above *' Kicking-horse Pass," just
below the snow limit, viz., Parnassia fimbriata,
Dryas octopetala, Linnrea borealis, Saxifraga aizoides,
Listera cordata, Silene acaulis, SpirKa betulaefolia,
Galium boreale, and many others. A. W, B.

®i)ttuars.

Hon. Francis B. Hayes.— We regret to have to
record the death of the Hon. Francis B. Hayes, Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, at his
country home in Lexington, Mass., U.S.A., on Sept,
ig, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Mr. Hayes
graduated from Harvard College in 1839, standing
one of the first in his class. Subsequently he studied
law, and, after completing his studies he became
engaged in the railroad interest, acquiring a position as
one of the leading business men of Boston. Mr.
Hayes was a man of great wealth, and was a liberal
giver to the public and private charities, and for
educational purposes. He was a great lover
of books and flowers. At his Boston home, on
Mount Vernon Street, he had one of the finest private
libraries in the country. His country home at Lex-
ington is an estate comprising more than 400 acres of
garden, field, and woodland, upon which he expended
large sums annually, making the estate one of the
interesting and beautiful of country places. Mr.

October i8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

505

Hayes was a large grower of Rhododendrons and
Koses, and of the former flower he was acknowledged
as the leader in this country, having taken many prizes
and medals at exhibitions in Boston and New York,
and many other places. He was always ready to
give advice and encouragement to those whose efforts
in the direction of making and maintaining good
gardens and greenhouses came under his notice.
Funeral ceremonies w^re held over the remains at
King's Chapel, on Wednesday noon, Sept. 24. The
many societies of which the deceased was a member
were well represented. The Massachusetts Horticul-
lural Society was represented by twenty n-embers,
who escorted the renains to Mount Auburn, where the
inlermtnt took place. A Concsfondcnt.

STATS OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDOy,
Fob the Week Ending Wednesday, October 15, 1884.

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-0 0)49-2, 40.0' 9.244.3

I

«3 9991 +0 2i49.3!37.5,ii 8430

I ' '
»4 12995 +0.2655.538.017.548.1

I I ■ i

IS 1300) +03936.044.012.050.7

T. 1 I~i ' I ' i

Mean' 39.67 —0.0250.839.111.745.0

— iai32 5

— 6.738.9

— 7.7J37-3

— 9-3 43.5

+ 0.5

«'{av^^nw°-°7

N. : I
N, NW.i° °4

61

46.4! 85
J9 9! 83

W. NW:° °°

W. sw.;*'°j

N.W

I

W. NWo 59

Oct.

9. — Fine aod bright in early momirg. Very dull. Kain
nearly all day and nighl.
10.— Slight rain all day and nighL
II. — Dull day and night, cold and wiody.
12. — Dull day and night. Rain in evening.
13. — Very fine day and night.

14. — Rain in early mornins. Dull day and night.
15. — Fine day, sun shining occasionally. Dull night.

The lowest temperatures were 28^.5 at Wolver-
hampton, 29^5 at Bolton, 32° at Sheffield and Pres-
ton ; the lowest at Liverpool was 37°. 9, at Plymouth,
Brighton, and Blackheath 37". The general mean
was 33°. 7.

The greatest ranges were 29°. 4 at Bolton, 29" at
Truro, 28" at Leeds; the smallest ranges were 19'. 8
at Liverpool, 23". 2 at Brighton, 24° at Blackheath.
The general mean was 25". 7.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 57°, at Plymouth 56^8, at Leeds
55".6 ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 49^1, at
Sheflield 5i°.9, and at Bolton 52°. The general mean
was 53''. 6.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Blackheath, 43°.2, at Liverpool 43", at
Plymouth and Brighton 42°.6; and was lowest at
Wolverhampton, 36^6, at Sheftield 39. 4, at lirad-
ford 39°.9. The general mean was 40". 9.

The mean daily range was greatest at Wolver-
hampton,I5^6, at Leeds 15^3, at Truro I4^9 ; and
was least at Sunderland, 7*. 8, at Liverpool 9". 3, at
Hull ll°.3. The general mean was I2".7.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro,
49°.6, at Plymouth 48". 6, at Blackheath 4S°.4 ; and
was lowest at Wolverhampton, 43°. 3, at Sunderland
44°. I, at Bolton 44^3. The general mean was
46'. 2.

Jiain. — The largest falls were 1.29 inch at
Sunderland, 1,04 inch at Truro, 0.S9 inch at
Plymouth ; the smallest falls were 0.12 inch at Brad-
ford, 0.17 inch at Sheflield, o 20 inch at Nottingham.
The general mean fall was 0.60 inch.

Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing October 11 the highest temperature was 64°.5, at
Paisley ; at Leith the highest was 56°. The general
mean was 60°. 7.

The lowest temperature in the week was 31^.2, at
Edinburgh ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
35''. 2. The general mean was 33°. 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
47°.8, and lowest at Dundee, 44*. 7. The general
mean was 46°. 2.

Rain. — The largest fall was o 97 inch, at Perth,
and the smallest fall was 0.55 inch, at Paisley. The
general mean was 0.80 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

London : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week
ending October II, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 30.66 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.36 inches by mid-
night on the 9tb, and was 29.69 inches by the end of
the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 29 91 inches, being 0.27 inch lower than last
week, and 0,05 inch above the average of the week.

TemperaXure. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 61°, on the 7th, the highest
on the nth was 46". 5. The mean of the seven high
Hay temperatures was 55°. The lowest temperature
was 37", on the lllh. On the 7th the lowest
temperature was 51°. 5. The mean of the seven low
night temperatures was 43°. 2.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
17°. I, on the 5ih; the smallest was 8^ on the
loih. The mean of the seven daily ranges was
11° 8.

The mean temperatures were — on the 5ih, 51°;
00 the 6ih, 53°. 7 ; on the 7lh, S4''.8; on the 8th,
51''; on the 9th, 46"; on the 10th, 41''. 4 ; and
un the nth, 4I°.2 ; of these the 6th and 7ih were
above their averages by o^8 and 2°. 2, the rest
were below by 2°.2, l°.2, 5°.9, io°.2, and iq°.i re-
spectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 4S*.4,
being 5*. 9 lower than last week, and 3°. 8 below the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was no", on the 7th. The mean of the seven daily
readings was 96^5.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
wiih its bulb placed on grass was 28°, on the 9th and
inh. The mean of the seven readings was 33°. 7.

Rain, — Rain fell on six days to the amount of
0.64 inch, of which 0.42 inch fell on the 9th.

England : Temperature, — During the week ending
October 11, the highest temperatures were 65° at
Truro, 62°.2 at Plymouth, 61'^ at Blackheath and
Leeds ; the highest at Wolverhampton was 56°. 2, at
Bradford 56°.4, at Liverpool 57°.7. The general
mean was 59° 4.

Answers to Correspondents.

Abies concolor : H. K, The distinction given is
certainly not absolute, but depends upon the stage of
growth.

Arsenic for Destroying Weeds : Jas. Hopkins,
If your wells are shallow, and near the walks to be
treated with this poisonous substance, there is certainly
danger of its percolating into them. Salt and hot
water is as good, and has the merit of being non-
injurious to man or animals.

Camellia Leap Black Fungus : Pict. It is tlie
Capnodium Footii, which occurs on this plant. Orange
trees, and other evergreens, and which this year
was common on Roses. P'requent spongings with
warm soapy water and general cleanliness will get
rid of this and the insects, or you may fumigate repeat-
edly for thrips, and black aphis— but you cannot get
rid of scale by this means.

Dahlias : W. M. D. Green Dahlias are not at all
uncommon among double and partially double sorts.
It is constant if a seedling, and may be propagated
from root or cuttings.

Double Eucharis amazonica Bloom : E, Butts.
This is a common occurrence.

Potato Within a Potato : Robt. Anderson. Such
things are of repeated occurrence, and have often
received notice in our pages.

Errata. — In our report of the Crystal Palace fruit
show, last week, Messrs. Lane & Sons, Great Rerk-
hampstead, were credited in error with showing 14a
dishes of Apples, instead of Messrs. G. & J. Lane, St.
Mary's Cray. Mr. C. Osman obtained ist prize
for Pumpkins, and not 4th. ,

Fuchsia : Malkamite. We cannot undertake to name
florists' varieties.

Fungus: T. C, Welton. The name of the fungus is
Agaricus rachodes ; the larger example, loj inches
high, is very fine. It is esculent. This fungus bears
the same relationship to the delicious A. procerus as
the Horse Mushroom does to the true pasture Mush-
room. Epicures consider .\. rachodes a trifle inferior
to A. procerus, but both are exquisite objects lor the
table if served hot and well cooked. W. G. S.

Leg.vl Notice : A^ S., Thirsk, The notice will be
governed by the terms of occupancy, and by local
custom, regarding which you had better consult a
solicitor.

Monstera pertusa : J. Clow. If the fruit is allowed
to ripen the flavour of the juice will be found delicious.
You should, however, be careful, as there are a vast
number ol small sharply-pointed crystals in it which
prick the tongue unpleasantly.

Names ok Fruits : A. A. H. Summer Thorle.—
J. B. Tibbets. i. Golden Noble ; 2, Bedfordshire

Foundling.— W. W. 6* S, Not known ; a very hard-
fleshed, acid fruit— not a "Russian" character.^
W, P. Probably Kerry Pippin.— J/. M. W. The
flat Apple, Fearn's Pippin ; the tall one. King of the
Pippins. —438, James Turner. Fears: i, Marie
Louise ; 2, Beum'* Diel. Apples : i, Golden Noble ;
2, Blenheim Orange ; 3, New Hawthornden ; 4. Dume-
low's Seedling ; 5, Court of Wick ; 6, Ross Non-
pareil.

Names of Plants : Thomas Short. The blue flower
■=: Anchusa is probably A .callithyrsum, Webb. MSS.
It belongs to a difticult group growing in the Atlantic
Islands, of which we have comparatively imperfect
matt-rial for comparison. Lobelia rz L. salicilolia.
Don. (L. gigantea. Bot, Miig.)~\V. Wait. Sedum
glaucum := hispanicum, Stapclia sp. — Peru Down.
Calluna vulgaris and Aristolochia hirta.— A C. 7.
Festuca duriuscula ; 8. F. elatior ; 9, Aira flexuosa ;
10, Alopecurus agrestis. — A. Francis. Alopecurus
agrestis ; Polygonum maculatum.— ^. H. i, Blech-
num braziliense ; 2, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 3, Blech-
nuni, undeterminable ; 4, Pteris tremula ; 5, Davallia,
perhaps buUata ; 6. Blechnum occidentale ; 7, Lo-
mari-i gibba ; 8, Onychium lucidiim ; 9, Adiantum
Capillus-Veneris ; 10, A. assiniile ; ir, Pteris crctica. —
Letter oj correspondent sending six plants to name,
mislaid, i, Juglans nigra ; 2, Lindenia Benzoin ; 3,
Abies sibirica ; 4, Cham:i;cyparis thyoides ; 5, Pinus
Pinaster ; 6, Cupressus macrocarpa. — Name in pencil,
illegible, i, Selaginella erylhropus ; 2, S. caulescens ;
3, Anemidictyon phyllitidis. — W. H. M, Abies lasio-
carpa, alias Lowiana, alias Parsons!, &c. — Corre-
spondent. I, Gomphocarpus fruticosus ; 2, not
recognised ; 3. Ceratopetalum gummiferuni ; 4,
Adiantium cuUratum.

Phal.enopsis Losing their Leaves : A Constmi
Reader. It is usually considered a sign of bad health,
although some varieties will break again afterwards.
P. Lowii loses its leaves, but that is a rare plant that
you are hardly likely to be in possession of yet.

Red-flowered Mignonette : D. Guiht'neuf, Nantes.
Your small spray of Mignonette has the anthers of a
rather deep red, but as we are not able at the moment
to institute any comparison, we cannot say positively
if it is better than others.

To Preserve Bedding Plants : Novice. You ought
to take up the tricolor Pelargoniums you intend to
keep at once, shaking away all the soil from the roots,
which can then be cut back somewhat. If you have
not mucli space you can put two or three plants in a
48 or 32-sized pot (4^ — 6 inch) using sandy loam in a
rough state, but no vegetable mould, as that would
favour decay. The tops may be slightly pruned,
although that is better left till the plants make new
roots, or till the month of February, when the prunings
may be utilised for stock. After potting and watering
the plants let them stand in the warmest end of your
house till they have begun to root, when they nmst
enjoy more light and air. Do not water unless the
plants show signs of flagging, when they must have a
good soaking. Do not water in dribblets, as more
things are killed by it by amateurs than by anything
else. Keep them free froni insects and from dust and
decaying leaves. Tricolors and bicolors enjoy a little
warmth, say of from 45°— 5S\ all the winter, as they
keep healthiest when growing slightly. Keep low
temperatures in dull and cloudy weather, and give a
trifle of ventilation, and let the temperature rise in fine
weather. Zon-^ls are hardier and will do in an ordinary
greenhouse with a minimum night temperature of 40 .
Many other half-hardy bedding plants will enjoy
similar treatment to these last named plants. The leaf
you sent is a variety of Centaurea, probably plumosa,
or the improved varieties Princess of Wales or Prince
of Wales — we cannot say from a leaf only which it
is. This plant may also be treated like the others —
a little warmth for a week or two and then a colder
rdgiine.

*,* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor" and not to the Publisher,
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Co., I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh-

DlCKSONS &

Roses.

Thomas Rivers & Sons, Sawbridgeworth — Fruit
Trees.

Catalogue of the National Rose Society— A
List of E.xhibition and Garden Roses.

Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Craw-
ley— Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Forest Trees, Rhododen-
drons, &c. ; also a Treatise on Planting, Training,
and Treatment of Fruit Trees.

Communications Rkceivf.d : — H. E., Ryde. — Ed A., Pari^. —
W. H. B.-Marshall Wilder. Boston, U.S. A.-H, Cor-
revon, Geneva.— H. E. M.-M. J. B. — F. S.— W T. T. — *.
S. B.-J. P>. De Mar, Boston. U.S. — H. B. R.-H. H. fVO.
—J. R. J. — F. Bedford. -G. Humphrey.- f. C'ayton. — J H.
— W. G. S.-W. H. W. R. — H. VV. W.-J. S,-W. H.
Stephens —W. C. L.— Ernest Bergman.-W. K.-C. A. M.
C.-W. W.-Simplc Sadlcr.-J. G. Baker.-Theo.— A. C —
P. G— A. D.— J. D,.-F.— W. Rossiter. — W. E.— \V. H.
W— Constant Reader.— Thus. Cochrane.— M. Wright.— J.
Mcoy.

5o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, 1884.

[arluts.

COVENT GARDEN, Qdober 16.

Trade steady, prices remaining ihe same.
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

• Fruit. — Average Whglssale Prices.

James

Apples, J^-bieve .
Cobs, per loo lb. .
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case..
Melons, each

s.d. s.d.

16-40

, 57 6-fo o

. 06-40

210-..
. . 10-16

s. d. s (i.
Pine-apples. Eiig.lb. 40-50
Peaches, per doz. .. 8 0-12 o
Pears, Fri/ich, doz. i o- z o
Pines, St. Michael's,
each .. ,.30-60

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

*. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz a o- 4 o

Be?i.ns, French, Ih. 04-..

Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Cairots, per bun. ..

CauliHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen..
Tclery, per bur

Cucumbers, each

Endive, English, per
dozen

Garlic, per lb.

Herbs, per bunch ..

Horse Radibh, ptr
bundle . . ..30-

POTATOS.-

J. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. o 2- ..
Mint, green, bunch.. 04-..
Musbrooms.p. baskt. 10-20
Onu-ns, per bunch .. o 6 ■ .,

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 04-..
Peas, English, quart 26-..
Radishes, per doz, . . 16-..
Small salading, per

punnet .. ..04-..

Spinach, per busliel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. ,,06-10
Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

-Magnum Bouuras, scj. to 70J. ; Regents, /cj. to Zos.
per ton. Trade very quiet.

0 6-

1 o- 2 6
Celery, per bundle.. 16-36

06-10

10-..
06-..
02-04

Plants in Pots. —Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vita: (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per do/en .. 40-80
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardii, dozen ... 9 c-i8 o
Chrysanlh., dozen .. 40-90
Cockscombs, doz. .. 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 30-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Diac3:na term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz., 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz, 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ,.6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var,,
pet dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

s. d. s. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Fohage Pinnts, vari-
ous, each ., ..2 o-io o

Fuchsias, per doz. . . 30-60

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. .. 8 0-15 o

Mignonette, per doz 30-60

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o

Palms in variety,

each ., ..2 6-2i o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 40-60

Primu'a sinensis, per

dozen . . ,.40-60

Solanums, dozen .. cj 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilon. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 b!ms. 3
Asters, izbucches.. 4
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 4
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanth., 12 bun. ^
— laxge, 12 blooms 3
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 2
Cyclamen. 12 blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12 bs. 2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes .. ..I
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 13

blooms .. ..2

0-20
0-90
c- 6 o
0-40
3-06
u- 6 o
0-60
0-60
0-60

0-30
6-10

Lapageria, red, 12

blooms
Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays

— scarlet, 12 sprays
Primula, double, bun,
Roses (indoor), doz.

— (ouidoor), iz bun.
Slt^phanoti^, 12 spr.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun,
Tropasolum, 12 bun.
Tuberoses, per doz..
Vislets, 12 bun.

— French, bunch..

— Parme, Fi., bun.
Wal flcu'er, 12 bun..
While lasmine, per

b\iccli

10-20
30-60
10-40

09-10
40-60
10-16
20-60
4 0-12 o
40-80
16-40
10-20
10-16
10-16
10-16
30-40
40-60

06-10

SEEDS.

London : Ocl. 15. — There was the usual Wednesday
attendance on to-day's seed market, business being con-
fined to narrow limits. No attentioii is as yet paid to
American red CloveT seed : rather higher prices now
come by cable. There is a somewhat firmer feeling for
Alsike and white Clover. Useful samples of English
Cow-grass are offering at moderate rates. Winter Tares
liave recently been in improved request. For Canary
and Hemp seed the sale continues exceedingly slow : of
the former there have lately been some heavy arrivals.
Blue boiling Peas find buyers at last week's quotations.
Feeding Linseed maintains its strong position. Other
articles are unchanged. ^o/iJi Shaw ^ Sons, Seed
Merchants, ^7, Mark Lane, London, E. C.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that there were fair supplies and a quiet trade. Quota-
tions : — Kent Regents, jos. to 801. ; kidneys, bos. to
JOS.; Essex Shaws, 50^^. to 65^. ; Magnum Bonuins, 50J.
to 75^. ; Victorias, "jos. to 8oj. ; and Champions, 451. to
60s. per ton.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Ravensworlh West Hartley, i\s. gd. ; East
Wylam. i5.r. 6d. ; Walls End — Tyne (unscreened),
iij. ^d. ; Hetton, igf. 6d. ; Helton Lyons, jys. 6d. \
Lambton, 19^. ; Wear, lys. 6d. ; Hartlepool, iHs. 6d. ;
Hulam, 17J. gd. ; East Hartlepool, iSs. gd. ; South
Hartlepool, ijs. gd. ; Tees, 19;. gd. ; Chillon Tees,
1 7 J. gd.

Governmf^nt Stock. — Consols closed on Mond.iy
at loi to 101 J for delivery, and loi-i^^ to loif"^ for the
account. Tuesday's figures were as on the previous
day for delivery, and loi-^^ to ioi| for the account.
The final prices of Wednesday and Thursday were, loi
10 loij for delivery, and loij to 101} fof the account.

Ord
Pi

nary
ice.

Rcducr.d
to

05/-

10/6

3./i .■/-
■5/- '<-/

=/6

ic/6
2/6

,/5 -/.,

,/;

>/-

K/S 5/-

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue .sent gratis on application to

E. J. JAKMAN,

Ttie Peoplo's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE,

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price \ the lease cannot be renewed.

RHODODENDRONS, Slan^ard, 4C00
to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from
1 /^ lo 5 feet ihroueh ihc head

,, Eush, do., 5. 5, 7, ar.d S feet higli.. I

,, D*aif and Sweet-scented, i to 2 1^ 1
feet high, consisting of K 1
fragrans, Wilsoni, Goveni-
anum. &c. .. .. . . 1

ANDROMEDA FT.ORIBUNDA ;i

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3'

feel high ..
AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high
A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.

T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA,

CUPRESSUS, RETiNOSPORAS,

THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and

manyolhers in fine condition for removal
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Finespeci-

mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars..

Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut,

Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxinus aucubsefolia, Scarlet Oak;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and!

Poplar. 6 to 15 feet high
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 lo'
4 feet, per 100

,, common, i to ^% feet
LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

,, caucasica, i 10 252 f^^t ■■

,. Portugal, ij.^ to 3 feet ,.
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..
BROOM, While
YEWS, Irish
ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas,

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine btuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe-

lopsis Veitchii .. .. ., .. i

ILEX SHEPHERDI, a fine lot of \

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ;

smaller, 1 to 3 feet,
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
RETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

1 to 3 feet
WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 ftet

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches
COB NUT, Webb's, 3 10 6 feet
Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 lo

6 feet high, 255. to 751. per i^o.
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear, is each.
SPIR.ffiA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest
stock in Europe, 25,1 per ico.

., JAPONICA. loj. 6rf. per 100.
ERICAS in variety, 2as'. per loc

LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff. 3J. per dozen, isi. per 100.
PERIWINKLE. I05. per roo.

7'housandi of other things ico nunteTous /or an advertisc-
vrciii arc on ^ffer, and inquiries or a viiit tvill be found very

ndi-iintttgeous.

.■\

lo/S

3/6

5/-
■ /6

;/-

5/-

K/-

>/i

and

No reasonable
cflfer refused . or
quotations will
be given.

?Si. per 100

CHAELES NOBLE, Bagshot.

LiLIUM HARRISII (True).

V/e are the Original Introducers and Sole AeentB of
Mr, Harris In England for tMs Grand Lily.

We have just received our Consignments, and find the Bulbs
very good, larger than last year, and in capital sound condition.
This grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it to be the finest introduction for many years.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 2 to 3 stalks
during the season in succession. Flowers pure white, long
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Price of this and many other varieties, see our EULB
CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.

The Largest Rose Grounds in England.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

XO»r READY,

Descriptive Catalogue of Roses,

FREE ON APPLICATION.

CRANSTON'S NDRSERY and SEED CO. (Limited),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

FLOWERING PLANTS

FOB AUTUMN AND WINTER.

STRONG, HEALTHY. AND FULL OF BLOOM.

ACACIAS. i8j. to 30J. per dc2;n.

AZALEA INDICA, iSj. to 6.,'. per dozen.

BOUVARDIAS, distinct, singles and doubles, rSr. per dozen.

CAMELLIAS, 305. to for. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Smuh's superb straui), full of

buds, 5-inch t^ot'i, i8r. per doz;c.
CYTISUS, us. to i8.'. per dozen.
F. PAtJRIS, best sorts, i8r. to 305. per dozen.
ERICAS, HYEMALIS, WILMOKEANA, CAFFRA,

GRACILIS. AUIUMNAHS, &c.,6-ir.ch pots. iS.-.io
GARDENIAS, iSr. 1030s perdczrr. [ 30J. j cr dozen.

LAPAGF_RIA ALliA, 7.. bd. to 42.. each.
LAPAGERIA ROSEA, jj. 6</. each.
LIUONIA PENRHOSIANA, 13s. to iS.-. ptr dt/en.
PI MK LEAS, very fine. 30s. per dozen.
PRIMULAS, best doubLs, named, 30J. to \"s. p£r dtzen.
PRIMULAS, double white and purpi;, r85. per dozen.
TREE CARNAl IONS, 5 inch pus, a^s. to 30J. per do.en.
GREVU.LEA ROIiUSlA. 5 inch pets. izs. 10 .8.'. per doztn.
FERNS, MAIUENHAIR, &,-., in great variety ; also

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

Descriptive List Free.

Selcctims from alcove viay be made at Dazrn Prices.

The Plants are remarkably fine and cticap.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANT.^
WORCESTER.

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

Messrs, HAY A SHI & CO.,

MOTOMACHI, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade thai they
have opened a London Order-office at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &'c , grown in their
5;ardens in Japan, and are prepared to offer the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants :

PRICE LIST.

JAPANESE LI LIES-A Collection for £10,
cousisting of
L. auratum or at 8.f., I2.t. & ids. per doz.

L. cofdifolium ,, 2.|r. and 36j\ „

L. coridiuni „ ... \is. „

L. concolor „ ... T2s-. ,,

L. Krameri „ ... \2s. „

L. Leichtlini ,, ... 24.5. „

L. Batemanni.-c „ ... I2.c. „

L. longiflorum „ ... 4SJ. „

L. Hansoni „ ... 6ox. „

3 doz.

A Collection for £10, consisting of

Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty diffcnnt
varieties, and including six of our celebialed
grafted plants, containing three to seven soits
on one stem. All haidy varieties.

Or at 4SJ. per dozen ; Grafted, g6x per dozen.

Half of cither of the abo-iie Cotlectinns, £'^ ^s.
Ottarterof either of the ttdo7v Cot/eet/tmSj £2 15J.

Collection of 13 rare vars. of Japanese Iris,

Two of each sort, yas.

Any JAPANESE SEEDS, PLANTS. &v., obtained, to
order, direct from our Nurseries.

Speciality of Miniature Firs and Cedars.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
Ensjland. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
.Tpplication necessary. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condition.

Trade Correspondesce invited.

B U L B S^

Very long experience enables us to offer the
BEST DUALITY at a moderate price, as
proved by hundreds of testimonials.

ILLUSTRATED LIST, Descriptive, Select,
and comprising important NOVELTIES, on
application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTEB.

October iS, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

507

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

W HOWARD, Southgate, N., can supply
• good strong well furnished Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth prowing, including the new
ODCS of this year, also ADIANTUM cuneatum. in 48*5 and
32's, \t:ry good ; do. farleyensc. in i,%'% : CVPERUS alterni-
lolius vaiiegatus ; DRAC/ENA striata. Green, a fine variety for
Conservatory; GARDENIAS in all sizes ; STEPHANOTIS
in all sires ; ASPIDISTRA luiida variegata.

PICEA WEBBIANA.— See Illustration in
last week's Cay<ieni>'s Chronicle^ page 465.
SPECIAL OFFER.
6 to 9 inches .. .. o.r. per dozen. .. 501. per ico.
9 to 12 ,1 .. .. i8x. ,, .. iocx. ,,

1 to iji feet .. .. 3^J. ,, .. 1501. ,,
ij^ to 2 ,, .. .. 3^^. „ .. 3501. ,,

2 to 2,'^ ,, .. . . 60J'. ,, . . 400.*. ,,
■i\'^ to 3 ,, .. . . gor. ,,

All transplanted last spring and grown in a very exposed position.
New CATALOGUE fcrw.irded on application.
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, "Newton" Nurseries,
ic8, Eastgate Street, Chester.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

cocoA-mrr hbee kefuse,

41/. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags. id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. M. per sack ;
5 sacks. 251. ; sacks. e,d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
\d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. <)i. per bushel; 151. per half
ton. 265. per too ; in 2 bushel bags. \d. each.

VELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, II. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, is. id. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of Ecgland. Truck-load of 2 tons 25^., free on to the following
tads ; — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Nonh-Westem, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks is.\
},:> sacks £,\ is. \ 15 sacks or more free on to rail. Cash with all
orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO., " Greyhound "
Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. Esiabhshed 1872.

I2-0Z. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
5tovePlants. &c., ;C6 6j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151,
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag. 55. ; 5 Bags, 225. &^. ; 10 Bags,
45^. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, lox. 6rf. per Bag.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded Diploma,
Forestry E.xhibition. Edinburgh.- -Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER, FOWLER and CO., Finsbury Street, London, E.C.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured byTfiE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with fiili particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

HUGHES'

Enables the

operator to

apply the

. Insecticide

Tindemeath

3 leaveg. the

superfluous liquid

fallin? on the upper

eurface ■while descending

One to four teaspoonsful of
the Fir Tree Oi] to a pint of soft
Water will answer for all injects
on plants. For furtherdirections
see label on bottle.

£. GHIFFITHS HUGHES. Operatiue Chemist,
VICTOKia STREET. MAIICHESTEE.

STANDEN'S

MANURE.

ESTABLISHED 20 YEARS.

rliis old-established Manure is acknowledged Ly most
of the leading practical Gardeners in the United King-
dom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general
fertilising properties and staying powers. It proniotes a
rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally.
For Vines it cannot be loo highly reconiniended. and
this fact is fully sustained from the result obtained by its
use in the hands of some of the most successful Grape-
growers. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little
smell, which renders it particularly adaptable for ladies
interested in plant culture.

The highly ferlilibing properties of this Manure render
its money value, in comparison wilh other Manures, at
least double, as users will find that very small quantities
will produce favourable results.

Sold in TINS, IS., 23. 6d., Ss. 6d., and
10s. 6d. each; and in BAGS, at reduced
prices, 28 lb., 12s. 6d. ; 56 lb. 23s. ; IIS lb.,
423. each.

A/iiy be obtained from most k/iown Seedsmen in the United
Kingdom and the Colonies.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS—

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offices ana Show Rooms, 18, FINSBUKY STREET, E.C. ;

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is. and 2s. 6d. Sealed Bags, yi cwt., 83. ;
1 owt., 133.

MANUFACTURED BY

W.H.Beeson.CarbrookBoneMills, Sheffield.

Wnolesale Agents : Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Ltd..

iS, Finsbury Street, E.C, and Shad Thames. London, S.E.
Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Seedsmen and

Florists in the Kinfidom.
Pure Crvshed Unboiled BONES, any size, /or Vine Borders.

Certain Sudden DEATH

to all Gruts, Woolly Aphis, Green and Black Fly, Lice,

Red Spider, Thrlps, Mealy-Bug, Caterpillars,

Ants, Worms. &c.

IR TRE

INSECTICIDE (,I°^/t¥r)

For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES tHat

Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
FoUage. It cures Mildew and BUght on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Clears Grapes from Mildew or Mealy-Bug without alTectioe:
the bloom. Thickened with a little clay makes a good winter
dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals and Biids. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6:1.. 2s, 6d., and 45. 6d. a bottle.
Per gal. 125. 6t/., or less in larger quantities. Per post 3<f. extra.
A treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, its applica-
tion to Plants and Animal.'i, sent Post-free on receipt of address,
by the Manufacturer,

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.

Wholesale;— HOOPER&CC: CORRY, SOPER. FOWLER
AND CO.; C. E. OSMAN and CO ; and from all the London
Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.
New York :—ROLKER and SONS.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
aiid Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, i.r., 3J. , and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and 15. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at &/. and grf. per lb,, 28 lb. iQs. Special quotation:
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73. Rendlesham Road, CLittnn, E. '

SILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-
fordshire: Sussex and Kent PEAT .-\iid LOAM of the best
quality by tmckload, ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices.
Low tales to London and to all parts.— W. SHORT, Horli-

ciiltur.il Cniiip^inv. Midhurst, Sussex. — Establit-htd 1S62.

RCHANGEL and FKTERSBUKG MAT

MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. - All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and TiQany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and <:, Wormwood Street, London, E.G.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide. iJiJiV., and 4 yards wide, -^d. per yard run.
Scrim, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fruit Trees
and hhading Gieeiihouses, from a^^rt. pcryard andup*ards.

Russia Mats, Raffia Fitore, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-UUt Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

A STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-i^i- The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues :— 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. I) ill, al a*. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at -zs. anf. ; 6 ft.
6 in by 7 ft.. 3J. 2d. Apply to
M'iss MOLU> UE, Aston Clinton. Tiing.

Under the FatrouaKe of tne Queen.
S M ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFO RD LA BELS.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with kaised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as thf^ very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
T- SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by

tain,, 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-07.

and 31-07.: and also large fizes in all qualities for ctnting-Up

purposes, in aoo-ft. and 300-ft. cases.

2I-0Z. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 2co feet boxes,
3ds and 4tlis qualities, alv/ays kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ol 16-OZ- glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all MlscellaDeous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

G^lOBQE FASMILOE & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smltbaeld, London, E.O.

stock List and Prices on ap/'licatiott. Quote Chronicle^

Kosber's Garden Edging TUes.

®'M

^

■'HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

iiade in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ^_„
suited for KITCHEN ^^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little roam, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, - - -

as do '"grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. m Artificial St^ne.
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of desiga
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; alstl

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roo6ng Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement. &c

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants. '

See Addresses above.

Q I L V E R S~A N D,

^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by posL
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOARI supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,

A liberal DLscount to the Trade.

5o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, 1884.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GHNERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &o., &c.

^^^^

S

Wv}^^plK

^

fels^tei^^^*-;

^<\^^SM*'*'^

>.."■,' ■>.:,

>y'---j:~^^^^i^^'rr

Illustrated CATALOGUE Free en af plication.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And :?, Crooked Lane. Kine William Street. London, E.G.

Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
(Registered Trade Mark )

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or u. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial,
" Piercefield Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox." .
CAUTION— W\\.\^ & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, F.eld
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street. London, E C; and 196, St. Viiiceni
Street, Glasgow.

HE "LANKESTER" hot -water

BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy t f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the btst wjth which we
are acquainted.

Long.

A, 19 in.

B, 22 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in.

E, 28 in.

F, 32 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.
J, 48 in.

I. 54 in.

K. 60 in 2000 ,, 22 10 o

* Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener 0/ great experience :— " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at nighi that I know. It burns
anvthing." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boileis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, £it, 15 ; toofeet size, £1% 151.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Banker required.

LANKESTER & SONS.
Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kinedom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Healing Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

p

ice of Boiler

Heat of

and 'set of

4-in. Pipe

Fittings.

150 fett

.£5 10 0

300 „

6 15 0

400 „

850

500 „

9 10 0

600 „

10 15 0

700 ,,

1250

850 ..

13 15 0

1000 ,,

15 lO 0

1250 .,

17 5 0

16.Q „

19 10 0

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS

Can be seen in action Tuesdays. Thursdays, and Saturdays, in

DEANE & CO.'S "GEM" CONSERVATORY.

Close to the Panorama in the grounds of the

CRYSTAL PALACE.

Piice, as err^r.Tvir.g, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, £j^ ^s.
D<'livered free to any Station. Discount for cash.

This is the simp'est, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no biick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water filter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the
front nnly being outside and flush with the outer wall, so ihat
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It burns over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

"Loughborough" Boilers to heal up to 650 ft. of 4-in. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints, &c. , always in stock.
COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.

ITie measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
is delivered wiih pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

^'sSeIc"} LONDON BRIDGE.

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. BlacMrtars Koad, London, S.E.

Horticultural Engineers to Her M.^jesty the Queer,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILEBS.

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS,
which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser-
vatories, Churches. Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c.
They are the neatest, cheapest, vwst rjfective, and durable

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Aw irdfd tn it lit the Royal Horticultural Society s Exhibit icn,
South A'cmin^ton, London, on yune 3 i£8f.

FT LOIIi:iTLrjlHAL S(;CTIO\ l-l.o.i i

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says :—
" Heating Ai-fAkATUS — A great number of boilers, valves,
&c , were exhibited by eipht competitors, and considerable in-
terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of thedifierent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined ihe boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Garden of June 11 says : —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modific.uion of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found lobe a powerful and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption
of fuel."

Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Esliitiates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot-
water Fillings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from ^d. to \s. td. per gallon.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade. aUer Public and formal challenges

to be the most economical of fuel, flu- most powerful, tli£sunf>lest,

and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHTS BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Kecently Improved and E educed in Price.

Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating.

HOT- WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS

of every description for Healing Apparatus
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE nd HOT AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

FRED. SILVESTER, CasUe Hill Foundry,
Newcastle, Stafifordshire.

S T O NT E S^

Terva-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

ROBERTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id.,
wilhoutattention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
ECTU InusedailyatPatentees-THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W^
THOS. wTrOBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

^.m Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4". 3''- "d" !
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s. 6d. each.

Prire List on ajyfilication.

Iconomic'greenhouse heating.

"CreBcent Piping.

The " CRESCENT" is equal to 6-in, ordinary piping ai re-
gards heating surface, while its special shape reduces the amou it
of water, and constquenlly the heating power, to a minimum,
and enables an oil lamp to perform the work which would require
a good sized coke stove with the ordinary system of hot-water
piping. t'CRKSCENT" Gkkenhousk Heaters.

No. 1.— One 6-ft. length, lamp to run 12 hrs . 44s.

No. 2.— Two 6-ft. lengths ,. ,. 15 hrs.. 70J.

jjo. 3.— Three 6-ft. ,, , ., 15 *>rs . 9^-

Screens and Piping for unconsumed products of comhustton

prm'ided: Packing included. The Trade Supplied.

T. CHRISTY & CO., 15B, Fenchurch Street. E C.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind ol
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carnage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted :—

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free ^£2 15 »
iz feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, „ 4 rs o

6 feet long, s feet wide , 3 "S =

12 feet long, 5 'eet wide ,, 6 JO o

'Ihe glass is nailed and puttied m.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Ihiilders and Engineers,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

October iS, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

509

R. S. DUNBAR

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

HOT-WATER PIPES, 2-inch, r^. i,/. ; 3-inch, u. 7^.

ELBOWS, 2-inch, \s. s^d.; 3-inch, 2s. od.

SYPHONS, 2-inch, 2.9. OflT.; 3-inch, 3^. o^^.

TEES, 2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, y. od.

A Liberal Disanuit for Cash to the Trade.

4-inch, IS. od. per yard.

4-inch, 2^. 6d. each.

4-inch, 4^. od. each.

4-inch, 4^. od. each.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.

n

O
B!

o

S 1 o

2 I

S .a

o. o

o

HOT -WATER APPARATUS tor WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS. HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, IN WOOD OR IRON.

Ranges, Conservatories, Greenhouses, Forcing Houses, Nurserymen's inexpensive Growing

Houses, Pits, Frames, Heating Apparatus, Boilers, Summer-houses, &c.

Illustration!, full particulars, and Prircs, Post-free from

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., CHELMSFORD.

LONDON OFFICE : - MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS.

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

WIBEWORK.

SUSPENDING BASKETS
FLOWER STANDS
WIRE TRELLIS
VINE TRELLIS
PEACH TRELLIS
ESPALIER
WALL WIRING
COVERED WAYS
GARDEN ARCHES
WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

WIBEWOBK.

ROSERIES
ROSE TEMPLES
ROSE FENCES
ROSE TRAINERS
ROSE SCREENS
BALLOON TRAINERS
WIRE NETTING
PHEASANTRIES
AVIARIES

IRON and WIRE

FENCING.

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN
FENCING (iNG

STRAINED ViRE FtNC-
BARB WIRF FENCING
HURDLE FENCING
CONTINUOUS FENCING
DOG KENNEL FENCING
POULTRY FENCING

HOT-WATER
WORK.

BOILERS, VARIOUS
HOT-WATER FITTINGS

FOR

GREENHOUSES
CONSERVATORIES
MANSIONS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS

WI.c^iiR COVERING FOR VINE BORDERS.

BOULTON &

NORWICH.

PAUL,

No. 75. Melon or Cucumlier Frames, packing
OsH Pricks, Carriage Paid. Cases.

No. 2 ,. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. jC3 7 6 .. 3^. 6*/.
No. 3 .. 12 leet long .. 6 feet wide .. 4 17 6 .. ^s. ad.
No. 4 .. 16 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 676.. 41. 6d.
13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back; lights 2
inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All
painted four coats of best oil coloui, the lights glazed with
21-0Z, English glass.

Catalogues and Lists pcst-free.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121. BUNHILL ROW. LONDON. EC.

Illustrated CATALOGUES on applicatmu

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WoKK. Iree ol
charge, and send competent assistants when nece-sary.

LASCELLES* NEW ROCKWORK niattrml ia various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at i?i, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenh uses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paihs, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

WRIGHT & HOLMES,

Horticultural Builders,

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of the Gardener's
and other Portable Frames.

MOSELEY

BIRMINGHAM.

Estimates glyen for every kind of Horticultural
Buildings.

Price List on application to

WEIGHT & HOLMES,

MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM.

5IO

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October Vi, 1884.

THE MDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING,

Head Line char^t

d as tzvo

4 Lines

. . jfio 3 0

15

Lines

6 „

..036

IB

^j

6 ,.

..040

17

,^

7 „

..046

18

_j

8 „

..050

19

9 „

..056

SO

10 ,.

..060

«1

ij

11 »

..066

9.7.

12 „

..070

23

jj

13 „

..076

24

14 ,.

..080

25

,,

. lo 8
. o 9

O II
O II
O 12
O 12

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE,

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page £.g o o

Half Page 500

Coluran 350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words IS. 6</., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. ~ Advertisers are canUoned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened h the autJtorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 51. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office

by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable in advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 3^, lo*/. ; 6 Months,

II J. 11^. ; 3 Months, 6i.
FOKBIGN (exceptinff India and China); including Postage,

Cx ^s. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £,\ %s. arf.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE

W.C. to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

4r, WeUington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

(^ARDEN REQUISITES.-Sticks, Labels.

V-fl Virgin Cork. Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic
....i^r.^ Work, Manm-es. &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND aCULL. 90. Lower Thames Si., London. E.C.

CABSON'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES

13,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clhrgy.
____ _J^ extensively used for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOKK, CONSERVATOaiES,

Greenhouses, Frames

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR

I Cvjt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.
Prices, Patterns, and Testi?nonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL
LONDON, E.C. ; '

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN-
and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.

Discount for Castt.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGE'^S'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman :-Harvie M. Fatquhar Esq
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents',
or West Ej.d Office. 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Gentlemen having Waste or TJnprofitable
Land

SHOULD APi'LV FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

TO

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,
CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

lyriDLAND COUNTIES HERALD

wl!r^ ,^ ""''''"' ■''"^ '°^ S'''""l<s,9'' stating the purpose for
which the paper ,s renuu-«d. forwarding name and address and
SIX ha fpenny stamps for postage, addressed '• MiMtnd Coiltties
fteraU Ofha, Bumingham.'' The Mutlcul Cou„tu, H,rala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURF mapTt'

Phtf sl'^d llrr'r'^ horticul ural „o,k^^h™uSb Colo^ufed
Plates and Illnstration.s. Published since 1865, bv F EunviT
NicH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodicas, and H / van Hm ^^
Professors at the Horticultural School of the fiilglan Covert'
ment at Ghent Post-paid, loj. per annum. s »" "ovem

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium

The Sydney Mail

AND

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

CO.MMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount ot information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per AnTnim

Single Copies, dd. ; Stamped, id.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street. Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:-

LoNDON Messrs. Geo. Street & Co.. 30, Cornhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, 186. Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.

Edinburgh Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15. Royal Exchange

Place.

^g" Copies of each Journal are Jiled at the
above Offices fo> the use of Advertisers.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA,

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER,

To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,

It is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about everj*-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-out of Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It 13 Reliable,

because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctnes of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable.

Djcause It forestalls its readers' wants by e'ving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the mouih, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It Is Clean and Piire,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.

Subscription Price, 55. per year, iiicludiit^ foreigti
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
071 New- York or Londoji.

B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,

34. BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK. U.S.A,

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
aiR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL

to DICTIONARY. Compri.sing the Names. History and
Culture of .-ill Plants known in Britain, together vuh a full
Explanation of Technical Terms, Medium 8vo, cloth. P.ice 25^

T)OTANY for BEGINNER s!

J—' An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T
Masters, M.D.. F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 31. 6d.

T INDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.

J^ A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price sj. Gd. '

T INDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.

J— ^ With Illustrations. 8vo. cloth. Price qs.

T INDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-

-LJ CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo
cloth. Price e,s.

T INDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.

-•— ^ For Self-Inslruction and the Use of Schools Price
IS. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
•Street, E.C

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. ALUrd'
E. Andre, C. Ealtet, T. Euchelet, F. liurvenich, F. Cieimi,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van EUemeet, O. de Kerchovt de
Deiiterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
longkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudni,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxein
H. J. Veitch, A. WestmasI, and P. Wolkenstein.
^ This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom: — One year,
ii.r., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
St the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

TDARTNER.— Advertiser is anxious to meet

-JL with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars on application to N. Q , Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Sirand. London, W.C.

Nursery Foreman

WANTED, a thorough practical energetic
MAN, competent to produce Cut Flowers and Flower-
ing Plants in quantity and excellence.— Apply with copies of
testimonials, to A. 2., Gardetters' Chronicle Office, 41. Welliaa-
lon Sireet, Strand, W.C.

"VVANTED, a useful MAN, in a Nursery

' ' near London, who ha^ been accustomed to Land Level-
ling, Turfing, Forming Turf with Seed, &c.— Apply, staling
age, salary required, and references, to A. M , Gardemrs'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANT PLAOES.

*** Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
•with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
re.ison to know that lie is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised tiot to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
Users who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application for the same by letter,

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present ia the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the diflerent capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Garston. are in a position to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as GARDENER and FAR\t
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

I CHARD SMITH and C a

beg to announce that they are constantly rectiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and ihat
they will be able to supply any Lady or Geutlemau with
particulars, &c.— St. John s Nurseries, VVorcester.

SC O fCH GA R dXn E R S*
—John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to .£roo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

JOURNEYMEN and FOREMEN.— Several

^J first-class men who have been trained in the leadmg
establishments in Scotland, wanting to go to England on the
terra day. Nov. 11. — Full particulars from JOHN DOWNIE
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. '

?^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady^r

V^ Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
energetic trustworthy Gardener, and a highly respectable man
—Age 31. Good reference.— G. W., R. Smith, High Street'
Wendover, Tring. '

GA R d"e N E R (Head). —Age 30-
thoroughly practical in all branches of Horticulture'

Can Manage Land and Stock if required EDWARD

OGSTON, The Gardens, Winslade, Clyst Saint Mary near-
Exeter.

/':i ARDENER~7Head) ; age 31. -^Mr

V^ Bariiam. Croxteth, Liverpool, can with confidence
recommend his Foreman (John Edge) as a thoroughly practical
sober, steady man; seven years as Foreman, three years in
present situation. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 33.— Mr. H. W.
Waru, Gardenertothe EarlofKadnor. LongrordCastle
Salisbury, will be pleased to recommend to any Lady, Noble-
man, or Gentleman, a thoroughly energetic and good .ill-round
Gardener, and highly respectable man. Sixteen years* ex-
perience—eight years as Head.

/^ARDENER (Head). — M^srs. R. T.

V-^ Vkitch & Son will have great pleasure in lecommcndiiiz
a thoroughly practical and energetic man. as above, to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring an all-round good Gardener —
J.. Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son, Exotic Nursery. New North
Road. Lxeter.

/^ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, no famijyT—

V^ G. COATSS Head Gardener to John Kemp Wel.h, Esq..
Clock House, Clapham Common, b.W., begs to olTer his services
to any L,-idy or Gentlcm.iii requiring a thorough practical
Gardener in all branches. Leaving through the establishment
being given up. Five years' unexceptionable character

October i8, 1884,}

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

511

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married ;
ihoroushiy understaiiUi Early and Late Forcing of
Vines, Piie*;. Peaches, i^c, Sluve .ind Greenhouse Pi.ints,
Flower and Kitchen Ciardening. ai'd thegcnei.-il requirements
of a large establishmeut. C^n be liichly teconiinendcd by Ute
and p.cvioui employers.— J. W. SEDULEV. Dunkirk, Uttery
St. Mary. Devon.

/^l-ARDENER (Head), or to grow for Trade.

XJk —Age 40, married; iweiuy-two years' experience Grow-
ing Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Would take a situation where surplus is iold to defr.iy expenses.
Good testimouuls.— T, C. Rose Cottage, Johnstown, Car-
marthen.

GARDENER (Head), where five or six men
are kept. — ^lo Bonus given to any one being the means
of procuring the Advertiser a situation as above. He has had
twelve years' experience in some of the leading places in
England and Scotland, and has a good knowledge of his
business. Te^timolliaU for character and abilities undoubted.
Total abstainer.— No. 56, GaTiienert' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street. Stiand, W.C.

aARDENER (Head) to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man. — Age
35, married ; understands Pines, Vines, and the general Fruit
and Kitchen Gatden, Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and other
plants, Ple.-\.'ure Grounds, &c. Practical foundation from the
Gardens of Arundel Caitle G.irdens. Twenty years' experience
—ten ve.^r5 Head Gardener with high character.— HV.
VICKERV. Chalk Hlil. Wt-stend. Southampton.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, no family ; twenty years* practical ex[>erience
in all branches of the profession. Good references. — G. C,
35, Alma Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Marritd when suited. Fond of his
work. Thirteen years' txperience in good Gardens. Gocd
character.— G. L., 6. Rose Cottages, Westfields. Barnes, S.W.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Has
had 15 years' experience amongst Fruit, Flowers, and
Vegetables. Highest references.- W. BROWN. 13, Willow
Street, Kirkstall Road, Leeds.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SiNGLE-HANi ed). — Age 40, married, DO family. Has
a thorough knowledge of Gaidetiing in all its branches. — G.
MEACHEM, Post-office. Winslow, Bucks.

GARDENER (He.vd Working).— Married,
no family ; good experience under Glass, and Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good'tiine years' reference. — E. F.,
134, Burton View, Milton Road, Fitzhushes, Southampton.

GARDENER, (Head Working). —
Thoroughly understands the Cultivation of Fruit.
Flowers, and Vegetables, Indoors and Out. Eighteen years'
experience. Good character.- W. TABOR. Stourton, Bath.

GARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 45,
mairied, no children ; thoroughly understands Vines,
Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Well recommended from last etnplojer.
— W. B., 45, Fleet Road. Hampstead. London. N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
no incumbrance: over twenty years' practical experi-
ence. Land and Stock. Good character, also testimonials.
Highly recommended. — E., Gardener, Park Street, Bletchley,
Bucks. _^

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 46,
married, one son (age 12) ; thoroughly understands
Early and Late Forcing, and General Management of Flower
and Kitchen Gardens. Good character. — Z. Y., 66, Fleet
Road, Hampstead, N.W,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
no children ; understands the profession in all branches,
also, if required, the Management of Stock and Land and
Superintenoing Repairs, &c. Fiist-class references, — R.
DIXON, Hay Carr Cottage, Ellel, near Lancaster.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30,—
Mr. Simpson, Head Gardener to Lord Wrotiesley,
Wrottesley. Wolverhampton, can with confidence recommend
his General Foreman (W. Holdcroft) to any Lady or Gentleman
SIS a thorough practical man in all branches of Gardening. Can
also be well recommended by James Dickson & ion, Chester.
— W. HOLDCROtT, Wrottesley, Wolverhampton.

GARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
DENERand BAlLl FF.— Age 44. married ; thoroughly
piactical in all branches, Forcing of Fruits, Ftjwers, and
Vegetables, also good Flower and Kitchen Gardener ; Land
and Sfick, and Laying Out of New Grounds, &c. Six and a
half years* good character, also many previous, and tesii-
motia's— F HICKS, Gardener to Sir Charles Oakley, Bart,
Fritrenden House Gaidens, Staplehurst. Kent,

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Age 27, married, two children ; twelve years' expe-
rience in every branch. Understands Orchids. Gocdchajac-
ter,— gardener. White Hill, Berkhampsted, Herts.

GARDENER (Head or Single-h.\nded).—
Age 32, married ; understands Flowers, Kitchen Garden,
Houses and Pits. Total abstainer. Three years' good character
from present situation. — W, B., 3, Eastbourne Terrace, Newbury

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Age 38, married ; thoroughly experienced in all
branches. Two years good character. State wages. — C. B.,
2, James' Cottages, Prince's Road, Richmond, S.W.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
handed).— Age 29, single ; fourteen years' experience

in General Work. Good references — E. J., 163, Loveridge
Road. Brondesbury, N.W.

ARDENER (Head, or good Single-

handed). — Age 23, married, no family ; ten years'
experience in the general routine cf the profession. Four
years' good character.— H. J,, 47, Upper Park Road, Hamp-
stead, N.W.

G

ARDENER. — Age 27, single; understands

the Management of Vine;, Pe.iches, Melons, Cucumbers,
stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns. Flower and Kitchen
G.irdening, Highest references. — W. H., 12, Waterloo Road,
Tori|uay. Devonshire.

C ^ARDENER ; age 42, married, with family.
-^ — a Gentleman wi!.he5 to recommend his Gardener as
a thoroughly efficient, respectable, and sober m;tn. He under-
stands Gardening in all its branches. Hothouses, Culture of
Orchids, Fruit. &c. His Wile understanding Dairy Work.
Excellent character for fifteen years. — Apply by letter to Mr.
T. G. GILLESPIE, Heathfield, Weybridge, Surrey.

GARDENER, where one or two are kept, or
good SinglkhanijUD.— Understands the Management
of Plants and Gaided \Vo;k, Good character. — A. L., 38,
Regent's Square, W.C.

GARDENER (Singe-handed, or other-
wise).— Ages?, single; Cucumbers, Vmes, Greenhouse,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years' good reference, —
HENRY WILLIAMS, 47, Upper Park Road, Hampstead,
London. N.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second),
where two or more are kept. — Age 21 ; good character.
— W. E., Toker's Green, near Caveraham, Reading, Berks.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Under).
— Age 23, single ; goo 1 leferences. Total abstainer —
F. KELLAWAV, 6. Louisa Cottages, Enfield Road, Brentford,
Middlesex.

G~ARDENER (Second), in the Houses.—
Respectable, young (age i8). Four years' reference.
Stale particulars. — W. PEPPKR, The Gardeos, Tewiu Water,
Welwyn, Herts.

GARDENER (Second), or as FLOWER
and KITCHEN GARDENER.— Age =8, single ; good
references. Please state wages, — R. J., 62, Queen's Crescent,
Haverstocit Hill, N.W.

ARDENER (Second), or FOREMAN, in

Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden. — Understands all
branches, House and Table Decorations, if required. Good
character and testimonials. — H. R., 2, Park Road, Chislehurst.

GARDENER (Second or Third), in a
Gentleman's establishment, — No objection to a Pony
and Trap. Good character. — A. B., The Green Tree, Shep-
herd's Green, near Henley. Oxon.

C ^ARDENER (Under), where two or three
-^ are kept. —Age 21; good character from last place.
W. H., The Gardens, Casino House, Heme Hill. S E.

F~ "OREMAN^orto MANAGE Small Nursery ,
— Five years with Laddv First-class Tomato Grower,
Grapes, Peaches, Roses, Cut Flowers, &c. Twenty-three
years' experience.— W. C(JMPTON, Shardlow, near Derby,

FOREMAN (or Head), where one or two
are kept. — Age 26; first-class recommendations from
present and previous employers. Twelve years' experience, —
W. SPAWAGE, Brunt Mill, Harlow, Essex,

FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment.
— Age 27 ; twelve years' experience. Bothy preferred. —
W.WHEELER, Biggs' Nursery, George Lane, Lewish.:im,S- E.

FOREMAN. — Has had over five years'
experience in that capacity in good gardens ; thoroughly
competent to undeitake the duties of a large garden. Character
will bear strict inquiry. — FOREMAN, Puiteridge, Luton.

FOREMAN, in the Houses ; age 25. —
Henry Garnett, Head Gardener, Bystock, Extnouth,
Devon, would be pleased to recommend a young man to any
Gardener requiring such as above ; over five years in present
situation.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR ^
GROWER, market or otherwise.— Thoroughly expe-
rienced in producing large quantities of Flowering Plants, Hard
or Soft- wooded, Palms, Ferns, Vines, Roses, &c. Over twenty
years' experience in London and Provincial Nurseries ; near
London preferred. — J. FRANKLIN, 7, Hawthorn Terrace,
Chase Road, Southgate, N,

NURSERY FOREMAN, or FOREMAN
and PROPAGATOR.— Twenty years' practical expe-
rience. Well up in the Cultivation and Value of General
Nursery Stock. Good reference, — W. M,, 49, Kiston Road,
Cambridge.

URSERY FOREMAN or TRAVELLER;

age 25, — D. C. Andrew will be open for re-engagement
on Nov. I, as above. Thoroughly practical in growinc General
Nursery Stock. Nearly two years Head Foreman in present
siiuation ; highest references also from Scotland — The Nur-
seiies, Waterford.

ROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and

FOREMAN.— Thoroughly experienced ; could take
Klanagement of Small Nursery. — R, VV,, 5, Alexandra Terrace,
Ennetsdale Road, Lewisham, S.E.

ROPAGATOR.— Age 22 ; five years' experi-

ence in the Propagation of Roses, Fruit Trees, Coniferfe,
Rhododendrons, &c. Good references, — T, RIGG, lo, London
Road Terrace. Carlisle.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR. — Age 25; five years in
present place in Propagating Department, Azaleas,
Ericas. Epacris, Stove, Greenhouse, Soft-wooded. — H.
RIDDLE, Lee's Nursery, Wood Lane, Isleworth.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in
a good establishment. — Age 23 ; can be well recom-
mended. Two and a half years in present situation,— E.
KIRBY, The Gardens, Orton Hall, Peterborough.

OURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a Gentle-

man's establishment. — Age 22; excellent character, —
G. L., II, Lammermoor Road, Balhani, Surrey, S.W.

OU RNEYMAN.— W. Lyddiard, Gardener

at Oakley, Bromley, Kent, can strongly recommend a
young man as above, and will be pleased to answer any
questions respecting hitn.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 26; extensive ex-

tf perience in all dep-irtnients, chiefly in Scotch pl.ices. Uf\-
exccpiionable references. -J. NOTMAN, G.itdens, Caatletowi'
Rockclifle, Carlisle.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.—

t/ Mr. SiuvER, Brynkinalt Gardens, Chirk, Ruabon, \\\\\
be pleased to recommend a very steady, industrious, energetic
young man as above, in a g,)od establishment.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,

tr where Early and Late Forcing is carried on with spirit ;
age 23.— Mr. D, Mri.ville. St. Vincent, Grantham, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 23.

t' Can be highly recommended. Two and a half years in
lait place. Total abstainer. — Address with particulars to A. Z,,
Mrs, Gilby, Hay Street. Fulbourne, near Cambridge.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 22.—

^ A HsAD Gardener can highly recommend one of his
young men, who been with him two years and eight months,
to a good situation as above. Bothy preferred, — GE(J,
AMBKOSE, Head Gardener, Leeswood Hall. Mold. Flintshiie.

''FO NURSERYMEN.— A man Tmarried^

J- with family), who has had fourteen years* experience in
Budding and Grafting Rcses, Fruit and other Trees, Packing
and General Nursery Woik, requiies a situation. London

nursery preferred. Honest, sober, and industrious.— E. P.,

Messrs. Ewing & Co., Eaton, Norwich,

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
Gaiden ; age i6.— G. Kemp. The Gardens, Dawne Hall,
vii% Beckenham, Kent, can well recommend a young man as
above.

JMPROVER.— Age 19; three years in a

J- Gentleman's garden ; desires re-engagement as above. Can
be well recommended,— FREDERICK AXE» Monkton
Rectory, Dorchester.

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a youth (iS),
a situation v.iih a Florist, where a small salary would be
given to commence v/ith, and a good opportunity of promotion.
Only been out three months.— CHARLES WALL, Aldborough,
Borobridge, near York.

TO NURSERYMEN,— A youngman, wishing
for Outdoor Employment, would give a small Premium
to obtain Work at a Nursery,— M. T., F, Binsled, St. James'
Street, Walthamstow, Eisex.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent references respecting character and abilities.—
T. H,, 50. Frenchv/ood Street, Preston,

SllOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in all branches
of the Retail Trade, Plants, Flowers, &c Six and a half
years' experience. Good references.— IBERIS, 31, St. George
Square. Tonbridge Road, Maidstone.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 26 ; eleven years' expe-
rience. Qualified in all branches ot the business
Unexceptionable references.— W. O., Box 63, Post office,
Chester.

Seed Trade. '

SHOPMAN (Junior),— Age 21 ; six years'
experience. — J. M., Dickson & Turnbull, Seedsmen,
Brechin.

To the Nursery and Seed Trade.
'JlRAVELLER.— The advertiser is now open

J- to an engagement as above. Twenty years' experience
in all branches of the business. Well known in all ihe prin-
cipal counties in England and Wales. First-class references.—
H. R., Gardemn' Chtonicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

TX) FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, and

-JL OTHERS. — An intelligent youth (17th year), good
Writer, and quick at Figures, wishes to obtain a situation where
he would have an opportunity of thoroughly Learning the
Business, Board and lodging required, but no salary expected
the first year. Good references given. — H. A, E., the School
House, 14, Queen Street, Budleigh Salterton, Devon.

Seed Trade.

ASSISTANT. — Ayoungman(age 2i)requires
a situation as above ; three and a half years' London
experience. London or country,- T. SMITH, i, Titchfield
Street, Soho, London, W,

Seed Trade.

ASSISTANT. — Situation required by an
energetic man. Twelve years' experience in the Trade.
Good character.- E. S, K., Messrs. Dickson & Robinson, Old
Millgate, Manchester,

Carpenter" o7~HANDY-MAN,~"o^rra
Gentleman's Estate or in a Nursery.- E. R,, Tennison
Street, York Road, Waterloo Road, London, S.E,

Unfailing Remedy for Winter Couglis and BroncMtia.

— " My elderly customers find no better medicine for their
Winter Coughs, and each year I get renewed testimony to
the value and good effects that

DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS
never fail to produce in the most serious cases, as well
as in slight Bronchial attacks."- W. H. Turner, M.P.S.,
Totterduwn, Bristol
They instantly relieve, rapidly cure, and taste pleasantly.
Sold at i.r \Md. and ^s.^d. pei Box, of all Druggists.

OLLOWAY'S PILLS andOINTMENT.—

Bilious affections, with all their concomitant annoyances
induced by atmospheric changes, or too liberal diet, should be
checked at once, or serious consequences may ensue. When
any one finds his ideas less clear than usual his eyesight
dimmed, and his head dizzy and accompanied by a disincli-
nation for all exertion, physical or mental, he may be quite sure
that he is in immediate need of some alterative medicine. Let
him at once send for a box of Holloway's Pills, a mild course of
which will remove the symptoms, and speedily renew his usual
healthful feeling. If the bowels be irritable, Holloway's Oint-
ment should be diligently rubbed over the stonuich and Hvce
every night and morning.

512

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October i8, 1884.

CONTRACTORS

HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

HOT-WATER and
HOT-AIR APPARATUS
Erected Complete, or Materials supplied.
Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Price List on application.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE— x'^th Edition— Price \s.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.

No. 37.
No. 63.

1? .^«v-<,_

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations. &c.

DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

[Gardens, &c.

.No. 44.

No. 4.

WROUGHT-IRO.V PORTABLE PUMPS ol all sizes.
CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 493. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. so and 54,7. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Fle.vible Suction.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdra\ilic and General Entrineers' Worlt for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Eslimatis furnished.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

No. 39(i. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths ol Hose ftr

Garden use.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

SIIPIM,

LEAD

o/a Rafter he/ore and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fijc ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

▼▼TTTTTTTV

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT JLEAD STRIPS,

Sectum of a Windenv Sash-Bar bf/orc and
after Glazing.

Write for Proapectua, lUuatratlonii,
and TeBtlmonlalB.

QROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road. City Road, N.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3Jd.

W.

RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to '"I he Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wei ..gton Street, Covent Oarden, London. W.C.
. ™,'f,° ■''' William Richards at the Office of Messrs. Pradburv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, C»vent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, October 18, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hbywood. Agents lor Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Cstaljlifiiijeti i84i.

No. 565.— Vol. XXII. {serTes.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1S84. \

Registered at the General
Post-ofTice as a Newsp;

leral [_
laper. j";

Price 6d.

Post-free, c,{d.

CONTENTS.

Apple Tom Putt . .

AquileKia glandulosa . .

Asters, notes on the cul-
tivated

Cattleya Brymeriana
,, crocata

Ceanoihus Gloire de Ver-
sailles ..

Clirysan them urn cinera-
riz'olium ..

,, exhibitions . .
„ ill town

,, yellow sport from
Mme De.sgranges

Dendrobium virgineum..

Encephalartos viUosiis . .

Epidendrums

Epipremnum mirabile . .

Exhibition, New Orleans
„ the National, at
Kouen

Florists' flowers . .

I'luits under glass

Fruiterets' Company, the

Gardeners'Royal Beoevo-
IcDt Institution, the ..

Gladiolus The Bride ..

Glasoevio

Gros Maroc Grape

Hardy f«uit garden, the .

Harmanthus Katherinz .

Uedychium Gardnerta.-
num .. ,.

Highbury, the gardens at

Horticultural Club, the .

lofluence of stock on
scion

loteraational Forestry
Exhibition a\s'ards

International Horticuitu-
rat Exhibition at Dun-
dee, the recent . .
Iris, some new varieties of 524
Jasmioum officinale fruit-
ing
Leaves, the falling
Lilies, alphabetical cata-
logue of . . . . 530
Mangroves at the Royal
BotanicSocicty'sGarden 5 3

T

531

53;
531

Masdevallias, small

Melon, Bailey's Green-
flesh

Notes from the Botanic
Garden. Oxford

Nursery, Mr. Cyphei's,
Cheltenliam

Orchids at Ferric res-en -
Brie
„ at Laurie Park,

Sydenham
,, at Westbrook

PalmSf garden

Pears, large

Phalsenopsis speciosi . .

Plants and their culture .

Roscry, the

Society, National Chry-
santhemum

Societies —
Massachusetts Horti-
cultural .. .. 537

Then and now . . . . 530

Thinniog fruit trees .. 535

Tomatos in the open air . 530

Trichopilia laxa var. fla-
veola .. ., . . 520

Weather, the .. .. 537

5 -'3

535

534

532

531

534
525
522
534
525
526
533

530

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Aquilegia glandulosa .. 521

Bouquets, Italian.. .. .. .. .. .. 524,515

Glasnevin, the Royal Gardens at 529

Now Beady, In cloth, 168.,
"J^/IE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE^

J- Volume XXL, JANUARY to JUNE, 18S4.

W. RICHARDS, 41. WelliDgton Street, Strand, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Rost-office Orders and Postal Orders should

now be made payable at
DRURY LANE,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCTeTY,
South Kensington, SW.
EXHIBITIONof FRUIT(Apples,&c.) and VEGETABLES,
in connection with the International Health Exhibition, in the
Con«rvatory, on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, and THURS-
DAY, October 2S, 29, and 30.

Exhibitors' entrance. West side of Royal Albert Hall.
N.B. The Exhibition will Close on Thursday the 30th inst.,
at 10 o'clock P.M. AH Goods must be removed on the morning
of Friday the 3rst inst.

nnHE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL

X SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.

The ANNUAL GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION of
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT, and CAGE BIRDS,
THURSDAY and FRIDAY, November 6 and 7. Liberal
Schedules of Prizes. Classes for Novices. Entries Close
Oclober 30.

54, York Street, The Avenue.

C. S. FUIDGE, Sec.

KINGSTON and SURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will beheld in
the Dri:l Hall, Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY
November 11 and la, when, in addition to valuable Monty
Prizes, the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
cfiered. Entries Close November 5. Schedules and further

'"/rRl'd.K.ngs.oo^n.Thames. T- JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

COLCHESTER and EAST ESSEX
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S CHRYSANTHE-
MUM and FRUIT SHOW will be held io the New Corn
Exchanee. Colchester, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
November 12 and 13. Particulars of t r" /^iTTn-pD c
5. Head Sueet, Colchester. '■ ^- QUILTER, Sec.

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held at the Royal
.Aquariurn, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY and THURS-
DAY, November 12 and 13. Part cost of cartage w^ll be re-
funded to Plant Exhibitors. Schedules free on application to

WILLIAM HOLMES. Hon. Sec
Frampton Parlc Nurseries. Hackney. London, E.
The NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE
(price 6*/.) may also be had on application.

OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW in the Town Hall, Man-
chester, on TUESDAY, November 18 next. For Schedu es
apply .0 the undersigned, ^^^^^ FINDLAY,

Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.

Order at Once.
HE GARDEN ANNUAL ALMANAC

and ADDRESS BOOK for 18S3.

Price u. : post-free, ij. yd.

37, Souih.Tmpton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Standard, Ealf-Standard, and Dvarf Hybrid

PERPETUAL ROSES.

HUGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, of
very tine quility, grown on fresh Isnd at thtir new
Nursery, Bush Hill PaiU. near Enfield, by the io3 or looo,
at very low prices.

HEASANT-EYE NARCISSUS.— To be

SOLD, cheap, the ground being let for building purposes,
fine strong roots, in bunches, as dug up, los. per bushel,
package free, for cash. Also surplus stock of fine gold FE RNS,
in large 60 's, 8 inches high, 6j. per dozen ; smaller, 31. per dnzen.
POPE AND SONS, King's Norton Nurseries, near Birmingham.

OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 2if. : pur-
chaser's seleciioQ from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards. i\s.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA. —The
most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants — easily
raised from seed, which is the cheapest way toobtain a stock. \s.
per packet (about loj seeds), 2% 6d. per packet (*bout 303 seeds).
HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Hyaclntbs, Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies. &c.

BUDDENBUKG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CAIALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

DWARF-TRAINED FRUIT TREES'irre
extra fine with us this year. All leading varieties
of PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, PEARS,
APPLES, PLUMS, &c. LIST post-free.

GEO. COOLINGand SON, The Nurseries, Bath.

Strawberries.

HRUMSBY can now supply the best
• Kentish Market varieties. 3^. per loo, 7^. 6d. per loco,
55J. per 10,000 Runners— warranted true.
Swanley, Kent.

OVEL'S STRAWBERRY RUNNERS,

3J. per loo, 12s. 6d. per 500, so', per 1000.

LIST of varieties on application.

"A BOOK ABOUT STRAWBERRIES,' yd.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.

RAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant-

ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey,

TWO THOUSAND vTnES fb^'iinmedUle
fruiting and for permanent planting, thoroughly ripened
Canes. CATALOGUE on application.

J. DICKSON AND SONS. " Newton" Nurseries, Chester.

Grape Vines.— Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, poit free on application.
Eailv O.'ders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradife Nurseries. Upper Holloway, N,

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &e.

ACATTANEO, Co.MMissiON Salesman,
.41, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden.
\y. C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS o( CHdICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M,
Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS
CUCUMBERS, Pitmaston PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

a QUE LC H AND B A R N H A M,

^ giving personal atte ti a to all consignments, they arc
thus enabled to obuin the HI iHEST MARKET PRICE.

SQUELCH AND BA~R N H A M.
ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES beg to inform Senders

that the following a^e now in demand : —STEPH A-
NOTIS. EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ODONTOGLOSSUM and other UKCHIDS, ROSES &c. •
also TOMATOS. CUCUiMBERS,&c.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.

WAN'tED, Bedding CALCEOLARIA
CUTTINGS. Particulars to
H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley. Kent.

WANTED, 20,000 FORCING SEAKALE.

* » Will Growers send sample and price per looo for
prompt cash, to

DICKSON, BROWN and TAIP, Seed Merchantf. 43 and
45, Corporation .Street, Manthester.

T

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

*■ -^ Bulbs, 6f,, ijs„ 12s., i8j., and 3^s. per do?en ; extia
strong, 30J. and 42^. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, S3^\ King's Koad, Chelsea, London, S.W,

]VrEW PLANT Tnd TjULB COM PAN V,

-^^ Colchester,

Special cfTcr of NARCISSI.
Special offer of IRIS.
Specir.1 offer of CLADIOLI.
Special offer of JAPANESE LILIES.
Lar^e, plump, and in sp'endid condiiioti.

T ILY OF THE VALLEY.— Strong Clumps

J^ -^ are in stock, and may be seen by Trade Buyers at
HOOPER and CO.S, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Low Prices (or Cash.

To the Trade.
ROPTEOLUM SPECIOSUM,

Seed Crop, 1684.

Price, very moderate, on aoplication.

HOWDEN AND COMPANY. Invernes):.

''PO THE TRADE. ~W. I5ARRACIC,
JL Nurseryman, Kendal, offers Mart'chal Niel ROSES,
2 leet, on own roots, strong stuff, at gr. per dozen, 70*. per 100.

Rosea-Rosea-Roses.

J HOUSE begs to call attention to his
• splendid jtoclt of Tea scented and Noisette ROSES in
open ground and in pots. aUo Hybrid Perpetuals, Standards,
and Dwarf, fine strong plants in all the leading varieliei. .
LIST and PRICES on application to

JOHN HOUSE, Easigate Nurseries. Peterboroueh.

Roses.
(CHARLES TURNE R'S Pricetl

V-^' CATALOGUE of the above is now ready. Plants are
remarkably fine this season.

FRUIT TREES are equally good, trained trees extra fine.

SHRUBS and TREES in great variety, and of all sizes.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

PIR^a'jaPONICA, 2-yr. transplanted.

Strong clumps, for forcing, tos. per ico.
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth " Old " Nuiseiy. Wokinj.

Lily of the Valley.

ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, LObeck, near
Hamburgh, offer the above, ^-years old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34*. per 100, three months terms. Terms for caih en
application.

s

M O R R I S,'

MARY
BORDER CARNATION.-T«o First-class Cei-
tificates, 35, a pair, rsr. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
raiier.— H. G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C.

Cape Bulbs.

THE BOTANIC GARDENS, Capetown,
Cape of Good Hope, are now Booking t>rder$ for Bulbs
and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, deliverable ab^ut Febniiiy next.
Price Lists en applicatioa ED. HUTT, Seed Manager.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful lllus-

trated LIST, describ'.ng more than 450 vaiielies, free on
app'ication.
BARR AND SON, 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Gardin, W.C.

T^O BE SOLD, a large quantity of verv

X choice surplus HOTHOUSE PLANTa. PALMS.
FERNS, $ic , the accumulation of years, at ihe Greenhouse',
AUxanr'ra Park. N. Cards to view to be obtained frcm

C- J. HAYTER, I, Diaper's Gardens, Thrrgmoitou Avenue,
1 ondon, E.C.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
fiir R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
yotu: choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingliam.

Tbe Grand New Narcissus Incomparabllls Glganteus,
" Q I R W A T K I N."

yj 3J. dd. each, 36i. per dcztn, 5501, per lo^*.
Should be in every collection. A "special" offer of oiher
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities lequii eJ,
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS. "Newtoa" Nurseries. Cnest^r.

FOR SALE, from lo to 20 per Cent, below
Trade Prices, Common and Portugal Laurel, Roses, Com-
mon Barberry, Perriwmkle, Black Currants, Gooseberries, 4;c.
A. AND F. HARNIlTT. Worplesdon, Guildford.

New Pernettyaa.

LT. DAVIS' LIST of his New Varieties
• of PERNETTYA MUCRONATA for th^ prevent
Season is now ready, and may be had on application. 'Ihe
plants are finely berried. Early Orders are requested.

Ogle's Grove Nursery, Hillsborough, Co. Down,

Established 1860.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker), Hardy
• Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPH INI UM 'J.

IRIS germanica, phloxes. POTENTILIAS,

Pj^.ONIES, &c. S:ltctions of I'lo showy varieties from s^.^.
7he finest collection of Aquatics in the country

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Sjtrcy .S W.

SEAKALE. — For Sale, io,&oo Roots of fine
Seakate, lor Forcing. Price, loJ. per i<o. App'y to
JAMES TURNER, 17. George Street, Richmond. Surrry.

5H

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 18

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCIION. at his Great Rooms, 38, King Slrf.t,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as abovb,
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROUTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past la o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.-(Sale No. 6755.)
CAMELLIAS and DKAC/ENAS from Ghent, GREEN-
HOUSE a.id HARDY BULBS, Sc.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXl', Octo-
ber 28, at half-past rz o'Clock precisely, consignments of
Double White and other CAMELLIAS, DRAC/ENA TER-
MINALIS, D. BAPTISTI, and FICUS ELASTICA, from
Ghent; Home-grown LILIES, including many of the finest
species in cultiviilion ; 4400 TUBEROSES and other ROOTS,
from South ."Vfiica ; BULBS and PLANTS from America:
aUo Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO-
CUSES, NARCISSUS, and other DUl'CH BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.— (Sale 6755.)
5000 LILIUJI AURATUM, just received from Japan.

MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, October 28, at
half-past r2 o'clock precisely, an importation of 5000 splendid
Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japin in
fine condition ; also a few gigantic Home-grown Bulbs.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6757).
SEMI- ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October r^o, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a small COLLEC-
TION of SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising
fine plants of Cycooches chlorochilon, Acrides Emericii, Cj p i-
pedium Druryi, Dendrobium formosum Eerkeleyi, Pha!a;nopais
tetraspis, Calanlhe Domini, Dendrobium Fytcheanum, &c,
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hati,

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6757 )
ONCIDIUM LOXENSE (new and fine).

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, by order ol Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, October 30, at half-past iz o'clock precis, ly, a
fins imp irtation of the new and very rare ONCIDIUM
LOXENSE, a most beautiful Orchid, in the way of siiperbiens
or macranthum, with a large golden lip. It is one of Nature's
rarities. The flower. spikes will give some idea of the grandeur
of the species. Also a fine lot of the rare and beautiful ONCI-
DIUM BICOLOR, CO-'LOGYNE PANDURATA, ODON-
TOGLOSSUM RAMOSISSIMUM, EPIDENDRUM
WALLISI, CYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM. &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next. -(Sale No. 6757,)

TWO FINE CONSIGNMENTS OF FERNS FROM

NEW ZEALAND,

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
Sale by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 30, two fine consignments of TREE and other FERNS
just received direct from New Zealand, in splendid condition
and ditrerent sizes, including Cyathea dealbata, C. Smithii,
Dicksouia squanosa, Lomaiia discolor, Todea hymenophyl-
loides, and others.
On view mcrning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

18 Cases of Orchids Just received direct from Brazil.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALEby AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY. November 6,
18 cases just received direct from Brazil, comprising 380 C AT-
TLEYAS, invaiiety, 330 L/ELIA PURPURATA including
some enormous masses, iS ZYGOPE TftLUM GAUTIERI, 25
MILTONIAspecies, rz plants ofasweet-scented MILTONL\,
25 ONCIDIUM BIKOLIUM, 16 ONCIDIUM species, &c,
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C (ne.vt door but one to
Bennett's Clock), every MOND.^Y, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ir o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROP'S, and
other ROOTS from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Chtapside, E.C,

Important Sale of a First-olass Collection of Dutch

BULBi, a Superb Assortment of 500 handsome Standard,
Dwarf and other ROSES, Sclecied FRUIT TRKES.
Haidy CONIFEK.'E, SHRUBS, AMERICAN
PLANTS, &c,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL the above, by AUCTION, at the City
Auction Rooms, 58 and 39, Gracechurch Street. E.C, on
TUESDAY, October 28, at 12 o'clock precisely.

On view the morning of Sjle. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E C.

Tuesday Next.

ORCHIDS in FLOWER and ESTABLISHED.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Ceniral Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXl",
October 28. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 150 Lots of
ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD from various collections.
Amongst them will be found Cattleya Sardenana, Lycaste
Skinncri delicatissima, Masdevailia ignea Massangeaua. Cypri-
pedium purpuratum, Odontoglossurii Edwatdi, and many
others; together with 250 Lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS
from well-known Co Ucuons, consisting of Cattleyas of sorts ;
Odontoglo>suin Alexandrse, fine varieiies ; Lslia anceps var.
vestalis ; Leelia anceps Dawsoni, and other valuable species.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next
3000 LILIUM AURATUM.

300 STANDARD ROSES.

300 PALMS and FERNS.
DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E,C,. on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 29, at hal -past 12 o'clock precisely, 30C0
splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just received from
Japan in very fine condition ; FERNS, PALMS, and other
DECORATIVE PLANTS ; and 300 fine named Standard
ROSES from an English Nursery: SPIR,«.\S, FICUS
ELASTICA, from Belgium ; HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, and other BULBS, irom Holland.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next — Hendon, N.W.

Close to the Railway Ststion.

IMPORTANT SALE of UNUSUALLY WELL GROWN

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr J. H. Pounce to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, Pounce's Nursery, Hendon,
N.W., on WEDNESDAY next, October 29, at r2 o'Clock pre-
cisely, a large quantity of unusually well grown STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS — 500 specimen Ferns, 5.00
smaller ditto : a quantity of Eucharis amazonica in large pots,
specimen Pancratium fragrans and Tabernseinontana, 3C0
Palms, 1000 Bouvardias of sorts, 4000 Carnations of the finest
varieties, including 2o:oGIoire de Nancy, the best new whites,
Andaluiia and Dr. Absrcrombie, the finest yellows, and Miss
Joliffe, the most delicate blush ; 1000 of the White Clove Pink
Mrs. Sinkins, 250 Roses in 32 and 48-pots; 2000 fine Standard
and Dwarf Roses, in all the best sons ; a choice colleciion of
Double and Single Dahlias, unusually fine specimen Portugal
Laurels, Weeping .Ash, and other Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
May be viewed ihe day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues
may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, EC,

Fifth and Final Great Clearance Sale, by order of

Messrs, Ewing & Co., who have discontinued their busi-
ness at Eaton, near Norwich, the Land having now been
Sold. Highly important Sale of ti.e Fifth Portion of the
extensive, well-grown, and thriving >oung NURSERY
STOCK, in excellent condition, comprising lo.too Roses of
the choicest exhibition kinds of Teas, Noisettes, and Hybrid
Perpetuals, &c.. in and out of pots. Many thousand Fruit
Trees, Bushes. Raspberry Canes and Culinary Roots, Nut
and Filbert Bushes, &c, loo,o;o Ornamental and Forest
'Trees, many of them of suitable sizes to produce immediate
effect— clean, stout, and well rooted, having been fre-
quently transplanted and skilfully pruned. A large quan-
tity of Deciduous Flowering Shrubs, rcoo Clematises, in
choicest and newest variety ; also some Evergreens and
Conifers, and a large stock of Ivies and other Climbers,
both in and out of pots.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premi^es,
the Royal Norfolk Nurseries, Newmarket Road. Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. October =9
and 30, at 12 o'Ciock precisely each dav. Many of the Lolsaie
large, and therefore specially adapted to the wants of ex-
tensive purchasers.

May now be viewed. Catalogues on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, London, E.C.

Friday Next.
Very valuable IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, October 31, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely

1000 Cypripedium Lawrencea-
□ um
500 Catileya Gaskelliana

1000 Dendrobium Lewi
sooo Odontoglossum Alex-
andra
500 Caltleya gigas imperialis

And many other valuable Orchids,
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tottenham.

Adjoining the Station.

SALE of remarkably well crown NURSERY STOCK. Dwarf

ROSES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS and BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. T. S. Ware to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
on TUESDAY, November 4, at 12 o'Clock precij^ely, a large
quantity of unusually well grown NURSERY STOCK, in-
cluding 3000 Laurels, i J^lo 4 feet : 10=0 bushy Aucubajaponica,
I to I J'2 foot ; 3000 Standard Ornamental Tiees, 50C0 well-fur-
nished Euonymus, good for polling ; 10:0 Tree Carnations, in
all the leading varieties : 2000 Tree Cai nation "Andalusia,"
the finest yellow tree variety; looo Pinks " Mrs. Sinkins ; "
2o;o Violets. 8co3 Dwarf Roses, in first-class varieties; 3000
hardy Climbers, 40,000 Seakale and Asparagus, extra strong ;
10,000 Christmas Roses (Helleborus), 1000 Anemone japonica,
50,000 double and single Narcissus, and large quantities ot
other HERBACEOUS PLANTS and BULBS.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E,C.

MUford Nurseries, Godalmlng, near the JMUford and

New Godalming Railw.iy Stations.
ANNUAL SALE of First-class NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Maurice Young to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Milford Nurseries, Godal-
ming, on TUESDAY, November ri, and two following days,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several Acres of beautifully
grown NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and
lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyeis, comprising 3000
specimen Evergreens and Conifers, lo.oco Laurel rotunditolium,
I to 3J2 feet ; 2000 green and variegated Aucubas, 3000 ditto
Box, 3000 Berberis Darwinii, 5c oo Retinospora a\irea and R.
flavescens, 1 to 2 feet, suitable for pots; loco Cupresius Law-
soniana lutea, i to a feet ; looa Euonymus radicans, 2000 fine
named and hybiid Rhododendrons, 3000 Dwarf Roses, Fruit
Trees. 5000 Red Currants, 3000 Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to
10 feet ; 100,000 transplanted Forest Trees, 10,000 Evergreen
Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce Firs, i to 3 feet — 3000 tit lor
Christmas Trees ; and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E C.

N.B. — Messrs. Protmeroe 8: Morris beg to call the
special attention of Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Others,
requiring well-grown itock for immediate effect, to the above
highly imporUDt Sale.

Foots Cray. Kent.

By order of the Executrix, who \. dtsirous of reducin;; the Stock
and di^poslrlg nf ihe Business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on ihe P.emi^es. The
Sidcup Hill Nursery. Fuois Cray, about i mile (rom Sidcup
Station, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November s
and 6, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, a further pouion of
the NURSERY S'lOCK, con.sistinE of specimen Conifers and
Evergreens, loco Lauiels. i to 2^ leet ; too Poitu^al Laurels,
2 to 4 feet ; Ornamental and Forest Trees. Standard and Pyra-
mid Fruit Trees, 1000 Aucubas and Common Hollies, 2000
Standard and Dwarf Roses, Climbing Plants, and other Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had en the Pie-
mises and of the Auctioneers ai their Central Auction Rooms
and Estate Offices, t-; and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C-

N.B.— Theold established NURStRY BUSINESS is to be
sold on greatly reduced lerms. Full particulars of the Auc-
tioneers.

Forthcoming Sales of Nursery Stock.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to call the attention of intending purchasers to the
following SALES, the dates of which will be anniuuced in next
week's Advertisements.

THE NUR-^KRY, ASHFORD. KENT.-CLEARANCE
S.\LE of the whole of the Stock growing uijon ihat portion of
the Nursery taken by the Burial Board lor ihe extension of the
Cemetery and required by January i next. One day's sale.

THE ROYAL NURSERIES. ASCOT. By order of
Mcs>rs, John Scandi.h & Co. — IMPORTANT TWO DAYS'
SALE 01 NURSERY STOCK, for the growth of which this
Nursery is so justly celebrated.
67 and 68. Cheapside. E C

Hare Hill Nursery, Brox, near Chertsey. '

IMPORTANT hALE of KO^ES and GENERAL NUR-
SERY STOCK, in brse and small lois to suit all Buyer-..

lyiESSRS. VVATERER and SONS, owing

■^'-■- to the lease ot a portion of the land having ex^itea,
have received iostruciions to SELL by AUCllON, on the
Premises, on MONDAY, Ociobcr 27, and ihiee iollowioK
days, commencing at 11 lor 12 o'Clock precisely on each day,
the whole of the NURSERY S1\)CK, well grown and in
excellent condition for removal, on the above lard, comprising
about 40,0:0 Standard, Half-standaid. and Dwarf Roses of
the newest and best virieiies, including 50CO Standa'd Gloiie
de Dij in, 1000 Dwarf Gloire de DJ )<■, 3000 Dwarf G»J.,^ral
Jacqueminot, ioo,coo Manetti and oiher Rose Stocks, lo.oio
tiiandard, Pjramid, and Dwarf Fruit Trees, including leading
and well known kinds of Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines, Apples,
Pears, Plums, Cherries, Gooseberries, and Currani> ; 10 000
Christmas Trees, from 2 to 4 teet ; a gieai variety of Evergreen
Trees and Shrubs, includiiiij common and Portu^ial Lauicis,

1 to 5 feet ; Aucubas, Ketmospora, Picea. Pinus, Abies D. u^-
lasii, Berberis, Thuia, Cupressus Lawsoniana and erecta,
Cedrus Deodara. Arbor-vita;. Hohies. Pnvci, Rh_duoendroiis.
&c ; several thousand Ornamental and Forest Tree-, viz..
Limes, Maples, Scarlet Thorns, Beech. Mountain A>h, Horse
and Spanish Chestnuts. Acaciis, Larch and Scotch Firs, aud a
quantity of Christmas Roses.

May be viewed ^even days before the Sale, and Cauloguts
had upon the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Chettsey, and
Weybndge Station, Surrey.

Far eham— Bugle Rooms.

MR. F. W. ABRAHAM will SELL by
AUCTION, on MONDAY. October 27. at 2 o'Clock, a
choice assortment of NUkSERV STOCK, in variety.

Catalogues at the Rooms, or of the Auctioneer, Wtking,
Surrey.

Woolston, near Southampton.

Pleasure Grounds adjoining the WoLilstou Holel.

MR. F. W. ABRAHAM will SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, October =□, at

2 o'clock, choice NURSERY STOCK, in great variety.
Catalogues may be had at the Hoie', or oT the Auctioneer, as

above.

Bournemouth— Tregonwell Rooms.

MR. F. W. ABRAHAM will SELL by
AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
November 5 and 6, at 2 o'Clock each day. a fine and choice
assortment of RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS, EVER-
GREENS, &c , in great variety.
Catalogues at the "Tregonwell. or of the Auctioneer, as above.

Fallowfleld.-On October" 29!

IMPORTANT SALE 01 over 2000 VALUAtiLE STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS forming the collections (ex-
cept Orchids) at Gorse Hall, Staleybiidge, and Oakley,
Fallowfield. near Manchester, the property of W. Leech,
Esq,, including an exceptionally ti' e lot of PLANTS for
EXHIBIIJON and DECORATIVE PURPOSES, such
as Palms and Tree Ferns, fine tx.imples of leading ^orls,
from 3to 9 feet hiyh ; a grand selection of eighteen Filmy
Ferns, of the best varieties, avcragirig 2 feet across: six-
teen beautiful Specimen Adiantum l-.uleyense, i loot 6
inches to 2 feet 6 inches through ; thirteen Adlantum^, 2 lu
4 lect each way, of the fine-.i new surts ; twelve Ciotuns, 3
to 6 feet each way, splendid plants, fine in form, condition,
and colour ; a remarkably fine plant of Corayline indivisa
(true), 7 feet by 7 feet ; fifteen Eucharis amazonica, finely
grown specimens, 2 to 5 teet across ; nine Lapagenas. aib.l,
rosea and rubra ; fine plants of Jmantophyllum miniatum,
Cycas revjliita, Medinilla maHuifica, Anthuriunis Andrc-
anum, Scherzerianum and giganteum; fouiteen fine double
white Camellias, 3 to 6 feet each way, lioely set with fliwer-
buds ; with hmbnaia alba, Lady Hume's Biu>h. Duchess
of Orleans, Lavinia Maggi, and many other best sorts. 6 to
8 teet hi^h ; fiity well-trained Azalea indica, good pyrtmids
and bushes, 3 to 5 feet, and many tthcf smaller sizes of ihe
best vaiieties ; twenty choice Greenhouse Rhododendrons;
150 Ornamental Table Plants, i to 2 leei ; iqo Adiantum
cuneatum and gracillimum ; fi/ty choice Ferns, in baskets ;
160 named, well set Chrysanthemums; 250 named zonal
Pelargoniums, numbers of Eiicas. Epacris, Nepenthes,
Dracaenas, Am.iryllis, Par-cratiums and Yuccas; coyether
with a large quantity of assorted Greenhouse Planls,
Climbers, &c.

MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
lespectfiilly notify the receipt of instructions from W,
Leech, Esq., wlio is leavini; the district, to SELL by AUC-
TION, on WEDNESDAY, October 20. commencuig at 12
o'clock, prompt, in the Tent erected nn ihe ground, kt 0.iklcy,
Fallowfield, near Manchester, the VALUABLE. CHOICE
and RARE COLLLCIION of EXHIBITION and other
DESIRABLE PLANTS.

May be viewed on ihe afternoon prior and morning of Sale,
when descriptive Catalogues may then be obtained, or earlier,
together with further particulars, on application to Mr. W.
SWANN, in the Cirdcns at (_)akley (which is situated 3 miles
from town) ; or by post, or personally, Irom the Auctioneers,
45. Princess Street, Manchester.

October 25, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

5'5

Tansley Nurseries, near Matlock

MR. GEO. MARSDEN hrib the pleasure to
announce that he is ai;-iin iiulructcil by Mtbiti S and
I Smith to SELL by AUCTION, at the abDve oW-c>tablished
Nurseries, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. October 19,
and 30. commencine at 11 o'Cock each day, the following ; —
loa.coi RHODODENDRONS, named varieties.
30000 RKTINOSPORAS. in sorts.

sooc ANDRO.MEDA FLORIBUNDA.
3^030 IVIES.
12.0C0 Golden ELDERS, Golden ERICA, HOLLIES in

varieties, LAURELS.
80.003 English OAKS, and large quantities of SYCAMORE,
BEECH, POPLAR S;olch PRIVETS, and other
TREES and SHRUBS, all of the finest possible
growth, and well rooted.
Catalogues may be obtained on anplication at the Nurseries
as above, or from the .-Vuctioneer. Wiiksworth.

Loughborougb Auction Rooms.

MES.SRS. PEED AND GKEAVE.S will
SELL by -AUCTION, at the above Rooms, on WED-
NESDAY. Octot'er 20. at 11 for 1 o'clock prompt, about 100
Lr.ls ot PLANTS, including choice Greenhouse Plants,
Azaleas, Camellias. Acacias, Fruit Trees, and Slnubs.

Will be on view on Monday and Tuesd.ay previous to Sale.
Full particulars and Catalogues to be obtained, post-free, front
the Auctioneer.. Loughb.irough Road, Brixton, S. W.

Hundleby, near Spllsljy.

The Nursery is situated within half a mile uf the SpiUby Station
on the East Liiicilnshire Line. Great Northern Railway.

MR. H. SIMPSON, instructed by Mr. J. \V.
Cole (in onsequence of the expiration o( tlie Lease of
the Halton Nursery), w.tt offer by PUBLIC AUCTION, on
the Holly Nursery Grounds, Hundleby. on TUESDAY. Novem-
ber 4, the whole of the valuable NURbERY STOCK. Sale
to commerce at it o'Clock.

Particulars and cards to be had of Mr. Cole.

Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham. London.

AUCTION SALE

OF VALUABLE WELL-GKOWN
NURSERY ST0;K.

Iflcludine several thousands of strong Dwarf Hybrid-perpetual,

Moss, and Provei^ce ROSES, in all the best varieties.
A quantity of Standard Hybrid Perpetual ROSES in best sotts.
A quantity of Dwarf Gloiie de D.i on ROSES.
Oval-leaved PRIVET, very bushy stuff, invaluable for villa

Many thousand 'eUONY.MUS JAPONICA, t to = feet, very

bushy, 6ne for pots and boxes.
Thousands of AUCUBA JAPONICA, specially fine busby

stuff, t to 2 feet.
TREE CARNATIONS, in best varieties.
SPIR.EA JAPONICA, LILY OF THE VALLEY, DIE-

LYTRA SPECTABILIS, and other forcini: stuff.
Thousands of Standard PLANES, LIMES, LABURNUMS,

POPLARS, &c., in fine strong trees.
Large quantity of Common LAURELS, very fine and bushy,

2 ',2 to 4 feet.
Thousands of Hardy CLIMBERS, all the best sorts, including

JASMINES. LONICERAS.AMPELOPSIS. IVIES,

ESCALLONIAS, &c
Thousands of LILIUM CANDIDUM. very strong bulbs.
AlargequanritvofHELLEBORUS NIGER, and H. NIGER

MAXIM.A.
Several thousands of extraordinarily fin2 strong forcing SEA-
KALE and ASPARAGUS.

The Sale will be held on TUESDAY, Nov. 4

Catalogues may be had on application to THOMAS S.
WARE, at above address.

WANTED TO RENT, on Lease, about
2 Acres of LAND (with House preferred), within about
8 miles of Covent Gaiden Market, for Florist Trade, and the
Erection of a few Greenhouses.

W. M.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4r, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

O BE DISPOSED OF, a first-class SEED

BUSINESS, in one of the largest towos in the Midland
Counties.
Apply. Z. Y. X , Hvirct &Son. 15?, Houndsditch. London. E.

To BE SOLD, a FLORIST'S BUST-
NESS, most prominently situated in a wealthy and
improving neighbourhood, N.W. — This is a desirable opportu-
nity, and worthy the attection of any'young man about starting.
Purchase money can be arranged.

^[..0, yGaydemrs Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

FOR SALE a NURSERY and SEED
BUSINESS at the thriving Market Town of Denbigh
(North Wales), Nurseries about 14 acres, wiih a good saleable
stock of Forest, Fruit, and other Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse,
&c Very favourably situated near to railway station. Land
in gocd condition and on easy terms. Premises (leasehold, and
rent low) for Seed Business situated in the centre of the town
in the main street, to be disposed of on favourable ttrm&to
purchaser.

All particulars on application to Mr. HUGH ROBERTS,
Crypt Chambers, Chester.

To Nurserymen. Landscape Gardeners and Others,
'"pO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, the

X BUSINESS of NURSERYMAN and LANDSCAPE
GARDENER, carried on for nearly fifty years by the late Mr.
Thomas Coudrey. and lately by his Son and Successor (who is
declinine the business on account, of ill-healih). at the Edgba.ston
and St. James' Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham

Apply, for particulars, at No. 6, Ampton Road, Edgbaston,

To the Seed Trade.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, in one of the
leading Towns in Hertfordshire, an Old-established
GARDEN and AGRICULTURAL SEED BUSINESS,
doing an excellent Trade, The Premises are very extensive,
and splendidly situated. Long Lease. This is a genuine con-
cern, and to a business man a good opportunity offers. Satis-
factory reasons given lor disposal.

For particulars apply to X, Y. Z.. Gardeners Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

ROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-

TURAL, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

piCHMOND HORTICULTURAL

AV SOCIKIY, enibr.icing Richmond, Twickenham, ls!c-
woilh, Mnrtl;il<e. East Sheen, Kew, Petersham, and Ham.
y'/ri/./Vvi' — H S H. THE DukeofTkck, G.C.B.
The FOURTH AUTUMN EXHIBITION of CHRY-
SANTHEMUMS and other PLANl'S, FLOWERS. FRUIT,
and VEGETABLES, will be held in the Assembly Rooms,
Casile Hotel, Richmond (by the kind and gratuitous pernii'^siin
ofG. H Tod He.iily, Ebq ), on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
November 13 and 14.

Admusion :— ist day. from 1 to 4 o'Clock, on payment of
QS tii. ; from 4 to 10 o'Clock, \s. (The Exhibition will Close
on the 1st day at 10 o'Clock). 2d day, from 10 to 5 o'Clock. \s. ;
frrm 5 to 9 o'Clock, fi/. (The Exhibition will Close on the
ad day at 9 o'Llock.

Schedules may be obtained on application to

J. H. FORD. Esq , Hon. Sec.
22, George Street, Richmond.

N.B There are 38 Open Classes.

HE FOURTH GRAND EXHIBITION

of CHRVdANTHEMUMS, FRUITS, at.d VEGET-
ABLES, Fine Art Exhibiiion Building, York, NOVEMBER
26, 27, and 28.

Gruufj of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, arranged for efT^ct,
0 fett diameter. —tst prize, a Silver Cup, given by the Right
Hnn. the Loid .Mayor ot York.

Twelve CHRYSANTHEMUMS, large tljwered, in pots.—
lit prize, a Silver Cup, given by the Sheriff of York.

Twenty-four CHRYSANTHEMUMS, large flowered, cut.—
1st piize, a Silver Cup. given by the ex-Sheriff tf York

Other liberal prizes offered. Schedules, &c. , to be obtained of

o c ■ , V- I. J. LAZENBY. Secretary,
3, Spumesgate, York. •• ' ^

INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS
EXHIBITION. London, 1885.
D1VIS10.N I., INDENTIONS. Division II., MUSIC,
patron— Hkk Majesty ths Queen.
President— \i.V:.,H. THE PRfNCE OP Wales. KG.
No Ari'LicATiON will be Kecbived after NOVEMBER i^

QCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

O GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milker. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the Norlfi Tower.
Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and
full pariiculais on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of
the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried OD.

^r MILLINGTON'aneTco., English

-L • and Foreign Sheet and Plats Glass, Whitb
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

Hyacinths in Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

c

Rhubarb ana Seakale Forcing.

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

OUNTRY BOARD— RESIDENCE.

"»— ' — A Lahv of good family, residing alone on her own
property, near Westmoreland, RECEIVES LADIE.S wanting
a quiet friendly, refined Christian Home. Musical Itij.trunients,
good Gardening, Glass Houses, very near Church, Station, Post.
Country beautiful, air mid, situation sheltered. Might suit
those who fetl alone in the world, and who love flowers, &c.
Address, M., Mrs. Waller. 99, Highgate, Kendal.

Exhibition of Chrysanthemums.

MESSRS. S. DIXON and CO. beg to
announce that their ANNUAL EXHIBITION,
numbering some thousands of Blooms, is NOW OPEN, and wilt
continue lor the next month. All Growers and others interested
in this Autumn favourite Flower, are cordially invited to inspect
the same. — Amhurst Nurseries, Amhurst Road, Hackney, E,

CELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. — The

New Snow-white Calogyne. One of the most lovely of
Orchids. Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and
Rare Plants, t;36. King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

FOR SALE, 50 large Specimen Plants —
10 SEAFORPHIA ELEGANS, 9 feet high; 12 LA-
TANIA BORBONICA. 10 feet in diameter; to TREE
FERNS, S feet stems; 18 DRAC/EMAS, from z to 10 feet
hifih.— Apply to Mr. W. FREEM.4N THOMAS (between
12 and 2 o'clock), Covent Garden Theatre, W.C.: or by letter
to Mr. J. FORSYTH JOHNSO.V, 90, New Bond Street, W.

ASPBERRY CANES.— An immense quan-

tity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastolf tor dis-
posal. The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of
Raspberries in England, special care will be taken to select
Canes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting.
Lowest cash terms on application to
R. BATH. Crayford. Kent.

WILLIAM BARRON AND SON'S
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fcrest Trees, Conifers,
and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons,
Roses. &c., is no.v ready, and may be had, post-free, on
application.

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, near Derby.

QTRAWBERRY PLANTS.— ^2 per looo

^^ (Sir Joseph Paxton). the finest for cultivation, from the
celebrated Swarnick di tiicN
Mr. J. FIEl DKR, The Cottage, Swannick. Southampton.

C~ ARRATIOI^T" LOUISA^ASHBURTON,
retail, 3s. id. ; 421. per dozen. Also CARNATION
I'HE GOVERNOR, u. 6d. each, 18s. per dozen.
CROSS AND STEER, 8, Canal. Salisbury.

CABBAGE PLANTS.— Early Rainham and
Enfield Market, 2S- 6d. per loco, best stock in the coun-
try ; Connover's Colossal ASPARAGUS ROOTS, fine. 3 yr ,
2cj._ per io-,o ; 2-yr, ditto. 14^. per 1000 ; SEAKALE, f. r
forcing, splendid crowns, lor. per too ; best Sovereign RHU-
BARB ROOTS, earliest in cultivation, for forcing, 6r. per
dozen, for planting out, 2^. per dozen. Terms cash.

RICHARD -WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade.

To the Trade.- Offered by

HUGH LOW AND CO.

ACACIA ARMA I'A, well budded. 9s , us. per doi.
ARECA I.UTESCENS. 48-pols, iSi. per doz.

,, RUBRA. gr.Tceful P.ilm, 1 foot, \cs , 151. per 100. [p do7.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 48 pots, i)j., 121: 3i-pots, iB.t.

.. GRAI'ILLIMA, txira sii-e, 32-pols, 12J., 15J. per doz
AZALEA INDICA. well budded, us , .51.. 181., 24J., 30s. dtz.

,, ,. ALBA, old while, loos , 125s. per too.
nilUVARDIAS, in bud, I2j., 18s. per doz.
CAMELLIAS, well budded. 21s.. 24J., 3CS. per doz.

.. double white- forwiird buds, wdl bloom early, 24s. per d iz.
CARNATIONS. Tree, fuely budded, 12s.. i = ,v. per doz.
CYCLAMEN PEKSICUM, finely buoded, os., 12s. per doz.

.. GIGANrFUM, finely biukUd, cs.. 12s per d, z.
DEUIZIA GliAClI.IS. 25s., 101, 4^^ per ico.
DOUBLE WHITE AZALEAS, 70 to ioo«hoots, budded,

grand lor cutting, will bloom early, 0. s , 841. per d. z.
DRAC/l'-NAS. in variety, 12s., i8j . 3cs. per doz.
EPACKIS, ii' variety, gf., 12s per d< z.
ERICA CAFFRA, finely budded, 91., 15s., iSi per doz.

,, CERINTHOIDES, scadet, in flower, izj. per doz.

„ COLOR A NS. ill llowerandbud, 9s., 12s. per doz.

,. GRACILIS, in fl nver and bud. 91., I2j., 18s., 24s. p. dnz.
H YE MALI S. well Inibhed. 91., 12s., 155. ,2 fj., 33s. p. doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 40s , 75s. per too.

,, NAN UERI ANA, 40s., 751. per too.
FKRN.S, in vaiiety. 4S-pot>, Ojs, per 100.
FICUS ELAST1CU.S, fine, 21s , 24s . 30s. per dcz.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, well budded, and in
llower, 24s , 30J , 42s. per doz.

,, RADICANS, well budded and in flower, 91 , I2S per doz.
GENISTAS, very fine. 8s., loj.. tzs. per doz.
GOLDEN EUONYMUS;iineforpots. 421., for per too.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, 50s.. t-,s. per ico' li8s doz.

[ASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, in fl iWer, fine, 121.,

,. GRACILLIMA, strong, in bud, 181. per doz,
KENTIAS, 48-pots. 24s.. 30S. per doz.

LATANM BORBONICA. splendid plants. iSs , 24s., 42!. d z.
LAURUSTINUS, French-white, well budded, t2j.. 18s. duz.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALIXANDR.IJ, looi. per too.

„ PESCATOREl, io)s. per too.
PAMPAS-GRASS, fine plants, in pois, los. to 40s. per too.
PIYCHUSPERMA ALE.XANDHyE fine plants, tjs ,i8i. doz.
RHODODENDRON PRINCESS ALEXANDRA, 91. doz.

., PRINCESS RO-YAL. 9s., 12s. per doz.
SE\FORTHIA ELEGANS, 43-pots, 121. per doz.
hOLANUMS, well berried, 9s , 12s. per doz
Clapton Nursery, London. E.

LARGE PEACH TREES for SALE. —
Early Beatrice. &c. ; were moved last winter, and have
since bori e a crop : full of beautiful wood, would move well.
Also one DOWNTON NECTARINE, and some smaller
PEACH TREES in tubs. Prices on application to
W. H. DIVERS. Ketton Hall. Stamford.

To the Trade, and Others.

DWARF ROSES. — Several thousands to
offer, really fine stuff, of all the varieties worthy of culti-
vation, at tis. per dozen, oi 405. per 100, carriage paid. Cash
with all orders,
WILLIAM DEEDMAN, Little Posbrooke, Titchfield, Hants

Special Cheap Offer for Autumn Planting.

CALDWELL AND SONS are now offering
the following from their unrivalled collection, ai d being
grown in this exposed locality, and frequently transplanted,
cannot fail to ?ive satisfaction : —
AUCUBAS, fine, for Potting or Window Boxes.
CEDRUS DEODARA, handsome i,pecin-.ens, 2 to 6 feet.
CHESTNUTS, Horse. 4 to 10 feet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONTANA, inallsizes.

„ ., ERECTA VIRIDIS. i to 3 feet.
HOLLIES, Common, Bread-leaf and Silver varlelies, in a'l

sizes.
LARCH, stout and well rooted.
LAURELS in variety.
OLKARIA HAASTII, strong, in pats.
PRIVET, OvaMeaf, very fine, 2 to 4 feet.
POPLARS. Black Italian. Lombardy, and Ontario, fine.
RETINOSPORA tlLIFERA, PLUMOSA. P. AUREA.

SOUARROSA, VEITCHII. first-rate for Potting. &r.
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids and Poniicums, very bushy.
RIBES, strong, in variety.

ROSES, Dwarfs and Standards, best sorts to name.
SPRUCE FIRS, very fine, r to 3 feet.
SYCAMORES, strong, from 3 to 14 feet.
THORNS, fiowerir.f . all best named soits.
THORNS or QUICKS, very strong.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATAand T. D. VARIEGATA, very

hardy.
VKWS, English and Golden, i to 4 feet specimens.

For Greenhouses, &c.

AZALEAS, Indian and Ghent varieties well budded, iS^. ajid

24i. per dozen.
CAMELLIAS, named, full of buds, 24^'. to 30J. per dozen.
CINERARIAS and PRIMULAS, splendid strain, Sj. and 91.

per dozen.
CROTON and DRACAENAS, fine for table plants, 6s.^qs.,

and J2S. per dozen.
APPLES, PEARS, and all kinds of Fruit Trees, fine coUeclion.
VINES, extra sirorg Fruiting and Planting Canes.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, a complete collection, from 251.

per roo.
Descriptive CATALOGUES of above post-free on application.
CALDWELL aki> SONS, The Nurseries, Kcutsford,
Cheshire.

Fruit Trees, offered to the Trade by

HUGH LOW AND CO
APRICOTS, Dwarf Maiden, 60s. per 100 ; ^37 ics.
per looo.
,, Dwarf-trained, 24^. and 30s, per dozen ; £,g per 100.
CHERRIES. Dwarf Maiden, 40J. per 100.
,, Dwarf-trained, tZs., 21s , 24r. per dozen.
,, 2-yr., feathered, 60s. per 100.
NECTARINES, Dwarf Maiden, foi. per 100; .^27 zos. per

1C03.

,, Dwarf-trained, 245., 305. per dozen ; ^^^8 los. per loa,

.. Standard Maiden. 30^. per doz;n.
PEACHES, Dwarf Maiden, 60^. per too ; j£?7 lor. per icoo.

,, Dwarf-trained, 245., 301. per dozen ; JL^ los. per too,

,, Standard Maiden, 301. per dozen.
PEARS. Dwarf Maiden, on Pear and Quince, 4CJ per 105.

,, Dwarf-trained, sis., 24?, per dozen.

,, Pyiaraids on Quince. 505. , 60s. per iod.

., 2-yr.. feathered, on Pear stock, 50X. per tea.
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, 40s. per 100.

,, Dwarf-trained, i8j., 21J., 245. per dozen ; £7 per 100.

,, 2-yr.. feathered, scs.. 60s. per ico.

The trees offered above are all of very fine quality.
Clapton Nursery, L n Ion, E.

5i6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1884.

ROSES.

The only Gold Medal given for Roses by the Royal
Horticultural Society in 1884 was awarded to

WM. PAUL & SON

(Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty
the Queen),

WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS.

2c;o acres of Land in 3 counties. More than 1000
I'^irst Prizes have been awarded to their Exhibits over
the last 35 years, including 37 Prizes in one week, and
5 Silver Cups in one day. 500,000 Roses in 2000 varieties
on Sale. Priced CATALOGUE Free.

The Largest Rose Grounds in England.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).
xow ready,

Descriptive Catalogue of Roses.

FREE ON APPLICATION.

10/6

»/6

2/6

5/-

./6

ic/6

5/-

5/-

lo/o

3/6

5/-

JO/-

10/-

'/S -,'■)

>/-

CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

I Ordinary Reduced

RHODODENDRONS, Standard. 4000' |

to select from, of finest named ,

kinds, perfect specimens, from| '

iM to 5 feet throueh the head 105/- io/6; 31/6 5/-

„ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and 8 feet high., j 42/- 21/-^ 15/- 10/6

,, Dwarf and Sweet-scented, 1 to aj^j i

feet high, consisting of R. | \

fragranF, Wilsoni, Goveni- i 1

anum, &c. I 2/6

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;■

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3,

feet high ..
AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high .. ..I

A fine lot of P. NORDM ANNIANA.

T. LOBBH. WELLINGTONIA.

CUPRESSaS, RETINUSPORAS.I

THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and|

manyoihersinfinecondilionforremoval; ic/6 5/-. 5/- 1/-
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-j

mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars..

Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut, |

Sorbus, Thums of sorts, Maples, I

Fraxinus aucubxTolia, Scarlet Oak;j

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, andj

Poplar. 6 10 15 feet high .. .. lo/o 3/6 5/- 1/6

LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to
4 feet, per 100

,. common, 1 to 2j4 feet .. .."^

LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

,, caucasica, i 10 1% feet ..

,. Portugal, J J2 to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..

BROOM, While

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great |

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- i No reasonable

lopsis Veitchii v ofier refused; or

ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of (" quotations will

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given.

smaller, I to 3 feet.
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
KETlNObPORA aUREA, 6 to 15

inches .

CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

I to 3 feet

WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet ..

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, iz to

i8 inches ,

COB NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet .. 25^. per 100

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to

6 feet high, 25^. to 751. per ico.
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear, ^s each.
SPIE^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest
stnck in Europe, 255 per ico.

„ JAPONICA, 105. td. per 100.
ERICAS in variety, 20J. per n^c.

LAVENDER, fi[ic bushy stuff. 31. per do7en, ijr. per ico.
PERIWINKLE. 10.T. per 100.

Thousand i of other things too nutiteroiis /or an advertise-
ment are on offer^ and inquiries ffr a I'liit ivill be found i^ery
advantageous.

CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot,

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

TUe People's Seedsman, Cbard, Ecmerset.

Lalng's
Dutch
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & GO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6, 15/-, 21/-, 25/-, 30/-, and 4»/--
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIP.J,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c , and
a quantity or CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies wlU tie Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

=£ HARDILY GROWN J^

(EVERGREENS

^ ° > ALL ■ OTHER-i °

4 T R E E S •:■ &■:■ P L ANTSf-

■^ .^^ UNEQUALLED FOR fS&B — >

•(Variety, QuaiIIty AND Extentj-

■»PRIC ED- CATALOGUES -POST-FREE^

-James Dickson &Sons,

"Newton" nurseries. CHESTER.

Auttimn and Wlnter-Sowering Plants.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• in consequence of the hot summer his stock of the
above is remarkably fine this year, and well set for flower.
Early orders are solicited for the following, which are now
ready for delivtrv : —

AZALEA INDICA. in variety.

„ MOLLIS, seedlings iind named sorts.
BOUVARDIAS. leading kinds.
CAMELLIAS, leading kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
EPACRIS, leading kinds. FGIGANTEUM.

ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS.

LILAC'S, Chas. X.. and other leading sorts.
PRIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA.

,, double, leading kinds.
SOLANUMS, Williams' hybrid.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.
For complete List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

r^UTBUSH'S MILL-
yj TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN.— Too well known to require
description. Price 6s. per bubhel
(xs extra per bushel for package), or
id per cake; free by Parcels Post, is.

None genuins unless in sealed pack-
at,es and printed cultural directions
enclosed, wiih our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
" (Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Klerchanls, Hinbeate Nurseries. N.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY '■ FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Paeonies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things, may be had gratis and post-free on application,

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introdtiction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

iJOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Priae Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
s/6 per pack, t ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 5/6 and 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, ra named varieties, separate. 7/5
,, 6 named varietie-i, separate, ^Z-

Uegonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over I200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illuitra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable *' Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting informaiioii.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

JAPANESE PLANTS, &c.

lessrs, HAYASHI & CO.,

OF

MOTOMACHI, KOBE, JAPAN,

beg to inform Collectors and the Trade that they
have opened a London Order-ofifice at

24, Wellington St., Covent Garden, W.C,

for the Sale of Plants, &c., grown in their
gardens in Japan, and are prepared to offer the
following Collections to Lovers of Rare Plants :

PRICE LIST.

JAPANESE LILIES-A Collection for £10,

consisting of
3 doz. L. auratum or at Sj'., I2.f. S: \6s. per doz.

1 „ L. cordifolium „ 241. and 36X. „

2 ,, L. coridium „ ... I2.f. „
2 „ L. concolor „ ... 12s. „
2 ., L. Krameri „ ... 12s. „

1 „ L. Leichtlini „ ... 241. „

2 „ L. Batemannije „ ... 12s. „
i „ L. longiflorum „ ... 48.?. „
I „ L. Hansoni ,, ... 60s. ,,

A Collection for £10, consisting of
Fifty JAPANESE MAPLES, forty difierent
varieties, and including six of our celebrated
grafted plants, containing three to seven sorts
on one stem. All hardy varieties.

Or at 48J. per dozen ; Grafted, g6s. per dozen.

Half of either of the above Collections, ^5 5^.
Qi/arterof either of the abovi Collections, £2 ly.

Collection of 12 rare vars. of Japanese Iris,

Two of each sort, 30J.

Any JAPANESE SEEDS, PLANTS, &c., obtained, to
order, direct from our Nurseries.

Speciality of Miniature Firs and Cedars.

Free delivered to any Railway Station in
England. Orders now booked for Collections
to arrive in December and January. Early
application necessary. Terms : — Cash on
delivery. All Bulbs and Plants guaranteed
true to name and in good condition.

Trade Correspondence Invited.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).

The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.

First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.

Strong Canes, 15^. per dozen, £^ ^s. per 100.

A. FAULKNOE,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most complete " Little Book" of Irish and other D;.fl.jdils
may be had on application. Some very rate forms are offered
for the first time, and oi'er loo varieties to select (rom. Please
enclose 6rf. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
uncommon. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., " Old Established " Warehouse,
54, Patrick Street, Cork.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, KR.H. S.,

CALCOT GARDENS. READINO. BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on afplieation.

OcrOBEK 2$, 18S4.]

T//E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

517

FRUIT TREES.

A large stock of all kinds.

CORDON FRUIT TREES.

A speciality. Fifteen thousand trees now ready
to send out.

Semi /or Pamphlet on above.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,

ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, &c
CATALOGUES Free by Fosl.

CHEAL & SONS,

Lowtield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSE.X.

SPECIALLY SELECTED

ROOTS1 BULBS'

FOR EARLY FORCING, C^c.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Extra Strong Clumps -
LILY OF THE VALLEY, SPIRJEA JAPONICA and

PALMATA, DIELYTRA SPECTABILI3.
Single Crowns (German) LILY OF THE VALLEY.
FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA,
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS,
GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA,
GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI THE BRIDE.
LILIUMS in variety.

Fry Frv-fs a>td partiiutars sie CEXEKAL nuj.B
CA TALOCUE. potl-lrre on apf Heal ion.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UI'PEk HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

Pill pQ Lovely Flowers io Winter and Spring for a trifle.
D U L D O Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ''"^"6^%^f:o':''°"-

SIANDARDS. 15^. per dozen. i'>5i. p^r 11:0.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.

r nUI I b (74 acres j an"krn"ofuce°atTowprice^

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) STfI^n'S I

TREKS. FLOWERING PLANTS (?j per dozen, sos.
per io)>, FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '^^Til\

FORCING, &c., 151. 10365. perdc.-en.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4J. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. S: Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES lo^R'^crN?.^S.?o,1..-V.?o:

X/IMfrC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
¥ I ll LO 31. dd. to loi. 6rf, each.

PI FMATIQ WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
ULLlVin I 10 and DOUBLE, isi. 10241. per dozen.

. Thee Acics of Glass for Slave and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE,

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

^

J^^0riMci/r0 Se^

WHAT MAY BE CONSIDERED GIFTS TO THE NATION,

PE LARGO NIUM

(Single Zonal) " Queen of the Belgians "
and "Le Cygne" (double).

First-class Certificate Royal HorticuUur,iI Society.
Snow-wliite under all conditions and seasons. The
wonderful sight of two of our houses, loo feet each, at
once sets at rest the doubt and difficulty of having an
abundance of the choicest pure white flowers all the winter.

7s. 6d. each, 60s. per dozen.

PIP OF EACH SENT FOR THREE STAMPS.

ttj" For large Eni^iavings and further pa) ticulars
W send for CA TALOGUE. ]Ve are convinced they are the
"~~' t-U'o most valuable plants that we have ever sent out.

H. CANNELL & SONS, The Home of Flowers, SWAMEY, KENT.

ORCHIDS IN FLOW^ER.

Heath & Son

HAVE MANY HUNDREDS OF

DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTBUM,

in magnificent varieties ;
SACCOLABIUM GUTTATUM and BLUMBI MAJUS ;

and from 600 to 700 fine Plants of

ODONTOGLOSSTJM ROEZLII and ROEZLII ALBA,

well set with spikes.

SAMPLE BLOOMS FREE BY POST.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM.

Vmany thousands.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8 to\
,, lautifolia, ditto. [lo feet high.

,, Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.
,, myrtifo)i.i, ditto.
,, Scoitici, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
,. Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft. :
„ Watcrer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and| 6 feet, 8 la 15 fctt

in circumference.
,. Golden (^ueen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundieds of

be.iutilul specimens.
,, Perry's Weepinj; Holly, on sitaight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to fifl€«n years' Rrowlh, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, nrany

thou%:ir.ds.
YEWS, Common, 3 ^, 5, 6 to 10 feet, ihousanili,

,, Golden, of all sizes up lo 10 feet We h.ive many
thousands a.^ Pyramids. Globes, Standards, in point
nf variety and size unequalled.
,. Irish, = to 10 feet, hundreas.
CUFRESStJS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. 6 lo 3 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, %, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thous.Tnds, 3. 4. 5,6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2,

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chniese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

.. Chinese Golden, 3 lo 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 5 feel
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASH, 3 to 5 feel, ihou'ands.
,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 lo 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ HOOKERIANA. 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. i"^ to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 lo 4 (est, hundreds.
,, GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to3(eel, hundred"..
,. NOBILIS. iJ4 103 feet, thousand?.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to xc iect.
„ PINSAPO, 6 to IO feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, \V- to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA. 6to8f«t.
CEDRUS DEODARA. 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
., LIBANI (Cedar o( Lebanon), 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIOKNTALIS LUTEA, 1 to 6 feet, hundred*.
THUIOPSl-S *:JRE^LIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
RETINOS^ 'JRA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
,, PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

3. 4i ard

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select slock is now offered for sale.

rke lUuitratid and Drscriftivr CA TA LOGUE e>/FR Ul T

poit-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES poit-fiee.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

DUTCH BULBS.

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.

ANT, ROOZEN & SON'S

CHOICE FLOWER-ROOTS.

OUR GUINEA PACKAGES

Of Choice Habdv Flo\vi-:r-Root<; for Indoor and Spring
Gardening, have been much enlarged, and contain as under : —

COLLECTION "F," FOR SPRING GARDENING,
CONTAINING 500 BULBS.
36 Hyacinths, distinct colours j 405 Crocus, in 4 distinct colours
50 Tulips, single early "

50 Tulips, double
25 Tulips, single lite
20 Narci'sus, Polyanthus
30 Narcissus, inc mparable
24 Narcissus, Poeticus
50 Anemones, double

5^) Ranunculus, double
36 GladiciJus
50 Snowdrops (^irglc)
25 Spanish Iris
25 Tritelcia uniBora
25 Scilla hyacinthoiHes
4 Lilium uiiibettatum

COLLECTION "C." FOR INDOOR.
CONTAINING 277 Choice BU LBS for POTS and GLASSES,
Hyacinths, j8 in 18 splendid Narcissus, double ncd single—
12 in 4 named varieties

(li.

named varieties

3 Roman Hyacinths
Tulips, single eatly —

XI in 4 fine named varieties

6Duc vanThoI, red & yellow ■

6 ,. ,. scarlet
Tulips, double early —

6 La Candeur, pU'C white I

6 Rex rubrorum, fine crimson

6 Toumesol
Crocus —

100 in 10 fine named varieties
Narcissus. Polyanthus —

12 in 4 finest named varieties ■

HALF OF EITHER OF THE

The above Packages may be had from our Agents, Messrs.
MERTENS AND CO., 3. Cross Lane. St. Mar^^-at-Hi!I, London.
E.C. on receipt of cheque or Post-ofiice Order.

For particulars of our other Collections of bulbs for INDOOR
and SPRING GARDENING, s=e our complete and revised
Catalogue for 1884, which will be sent, post-free, on application
to our Agen's, or ourselves direct,

ANT. ROnZEN and SON, Nius'-tymcn, Overveen, near
Haarlem, Holland.

Jonquils —

6 Double, sweet-Ecented

6 Single, ,, ,,
12 Scilla sibirica (prxcox)
12 Choice Ixias
12 ,, Sparaxis
12 ,, O^taiis
12 Grap^ Hyaciii'.liS
botryoides)

6 Eranihis hycmalis

6 Snowdrops

6 Iris Pavonia
ABOVE FOR ics. 6J.

K\8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1884.

WM, CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the finest Bulbs, Roses, Fruit Trees,
Herbaceous Plants, Stove and Gree7ihouse
Plants^ Trees, and Shrttbs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6s. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forcitg, is. and u. (>d. per dozen, ^s. to
JOS per loo.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name. is. 6d. per dozen.

SPIRAEAS, DIELYTRAS, PEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLhY, MISCELLANfcOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

season, Q5. and 125. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6s. per dozen
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, 125. and iSj. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian. Ghent, or Mollis),

KOSES, in pots, for forcing, iSj. and 24^. per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate puces.
CALCEOLARL'VS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, u. 6d. per dozen, loJ. perioo,
frcm stoies. In small pots, is. per dozen, zos. per loo,

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, is. 6d. per dozen,

j.6s. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, gd. and is. per dozen, 5s. and 65.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, js. 6d. to ss. 6d. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 3>; of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per

CATALOGUE.
„ ordinary varieties, 3?. 6d. to 5s. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACIA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of

colours; ARABIS ALPINA, AUBRIETIAS, ALY3-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, js per dozen,

75, per 100; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,

IS. per 100.
DAISIES, led, white or rose, 91'. per dozen, 41. per ico,
HEPATICAS. double PRIMROSES, 31. 6d. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 25J.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

41. and 6s. per dozen, 30s to 50*. per 100.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, 3s. ; 50, i2J. 6d. ; loa, 30J.
PHLOXES, the finest EngHsh and Continental kinds, i-year

old, 7,1. 6d, per dozen ; 2-year old, 6s. per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 5s. per dozen.
DELPHINIUMS and P^EONIES, Ss. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

,, Crimson CLOVE, 35. per dozen.
LILIES, in fine variety, 35. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES— ROSES— ROSES -our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, lafine vari«ties,6j. ; or 45s. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES. i2j. to iSs. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 75. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, qaick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Koses, Sec , see CATALOGUE.

F r T TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.

APPLES, PEARSand CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c. good trees, 151., iSs. and 241, per dozen.
PEARS, Pjramid, 40s. and sos per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

7j.'. and loos. per 100 ; Maidens, jos. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 405,, 501., and 7sr. per ico.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-tiained Morello and May Duke, 151,, i?s.,

aud 24s. per djzen
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts 10 name, £j , los. and

125. per lyo.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, €s. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong ruimers. 3J. per

100; in small pots, 125 Cd.ptrico', in pijts for forcing,

25J. per no ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. td.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 12s. and iss. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hdrdy, of sorts to name, 15s. per 100.
THORNS, Double nnd Smgle. of sorts, Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50.r. and 751. per joo.
SPIRAEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, lor, i$s. and aoi.

p<sr 100.
AUCUBAS. well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 to 9 inches,

i6j. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 20s. per 100.
THORN QUICKS. 151. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted,
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 41. to J2S. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, sos. to loar. per 100.
CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6s., gs. ai:d J2S. per doz.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. acd gs.

per dozen.

V\/M. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrircham.

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHESTER.

^EBBS'

1^- ALL BULBS

ABE SENT FREE

By Post or Hail.

FLOWER ROOTS

See

Webbs' Autumn Catalogue,

(;A'^ JTS nnJ POST-FREE.

WEBBS'lKlii

Of BULBS for

OUTDOOR CULTIVATION

Contains 6S0 Selected Bulbs.

25 Anemones, dble. mixed
25 I. single, mixed
200 Crocus, choice vats.

I Crown Imperial
25 Hyacinihs. mixed
25 Iris, Spanish, mixed
12 Jonquils, Campernelle

I Lilium candidum
12 Narcissus, double white
25 „ Poeticus
25 „ Van Sion

6 Polyanthus Narcissus
50 Ranunculus, dble. mixed
25 ,, Turban, scailet
100 Snowdrops, double and

single
12 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 ,, early double mixed

6 ,, La Candeur, dble.

6 ,, Parrot, fine mixtd
J2 ,, single mixed
75 Winter Aconites

Other Collections for Outdoor Cultivation at 5s.,
7s. 6d., lOs. 6a., 15s., 423., 63s., ana 105s. eacb.

WEBBS'IEbsi

Of BULBS for

GREENHOUSE DECORATION

Contains 262 Selected Bulbs.

I Amaryllis formosissima
100 Crocus, choice
I Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacinths, named
9 Juiiquils, sweet-scented
I Lilium lancifolium
6 Narcissus bulbocodium
9 Polyanthus Narcissus

12 Scilla amcena
75 Snowdrops
6 Tulips, Due Van Thol,
scarlet
18 ,, early single, 6 vars.
6 ,, Rex rubrorum,

double
6 ,, Touruciol, double

Other Collections for Greenhouso Decoration at 5s.,
7s, 6d., 10a 6d., 153., and 42s. eacli.

EBBS'aiTB

Of BULBS for

OX

POTS, GLASSES & VASES,

Contains 255 Selected Bulb:

3 Amaryllis formosissima

100 Crocus, named

2 (.'yclamen persicum
12 Hy.icincths named

3 , miniature, named
3 Iris Pavonia
6 Ixias, fine mixed
9 Junqiiils, sweet-scented

single

9 Polyanthus Narcissus,

fine mixed
9 Scilla amceaa
50 Snowdrops
6 Sparaxis. mixed
12 Tulips, Due Van Tlnl,

scarlet
2; ,, eirly, five sons
6 ,, Tourncsol, double

Other Collections for Pots, Glasses. &c., at lOs. 6d ,
15s , 42s , 63s , and 105s each.

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

ifc

CHEAP "bOXeToTbULBS

1--0R CONSERVATOKV AND WlNPOW I'Et.uRATION.

No. 1.— Carters' Box of 800 .. price 841. \ Send (Zcs.

No. 2.— Carters' Box of 600 .. price 63J. P. 0.0. \6os.

No. 3.— Caiteri' Bax of 450 . . pnce 42^. [■ or -^40^.

No. 4.— Carters' Box o( 250 .. price 21J. Cheque \-ics.

No. 5— Carters.' Box of 125 .. price 10/6 j for \ios.

Packing and Caniage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

V_^ FOR Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation.
No. 6.— Carters' Box of 2C03 .. price 841.) Send /So*
No. 7.— Carters' Box of 15C0 .. pi ice 63J. P.O.O. 6oj.
No. 8.— Carters* Box of loco ., price 421. ^ cr ■{ 401.
No. 9 —Carters' Box of 7C0 .. price 31/6 Cheque I 3W
No. 10.— Carters* Box of 350 .. price 151.^ for \*^'^
Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in tiik Open Ground.
No. II —Carters' Bi:x of 2250 .. price 84J.
No. 12. — Carters' Box of 1850 .. price 631.
No. 13.— Carters' Box of 125° •• price 435.
No. 14 -Carters* Box of 650 .. price 2ii.
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300 .. price ic,6

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

Send
P.O.O.

fSot
6oi

or

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for

40J
20J.

IQS

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

For full particulars see CARTERS' ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE of BULBS, ROSES, and PLANTS, gralis
and post-free.

Seedsmen by Koyal Command to H.R.H. tlie
Prince of Wales,
237
2381

High Holborn, London, W.C.

TfUCHARIS CANDIDA.— Good Bulbs by

-L^ the 100 or 1000. The flowers of this free flowering species
are extensively used for cutting- Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishmtnt for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

To the Trade.

CUCUMBER SEEDS.— Tender and True
and Telegraph, of our own saving. Carefully selected
stocks which we can offer with confidence. Price on application.
OEO. COOLING AND SON, Seedsmen, Bath.

Q P E C I A L OFFER O^

O ROSES, FRUIT TREES, &c.

A large quantity of Standard and Half-Standard ROSES, best

varieties.
2500 a-yr. and 3-yr. Crittenden or Farleigh DAMSONS.
5COO 2-vr. and 3-yr. APPLES, good sons.
A large' quantity of Dwarl-trained APPLES and PEARS.
jo.oto Black, Red, and While CURRANTS.

The above are all strong, healthy, well rooted stuff. Very
cheap. Prices on application.
JS.ooo strong i-yr. cuttings LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM,

125. per 10:0
10,000 ditto common PRIVET, Sj. per 1000.
IKI.-^H IVIES, ditto, 31. per 100, 255 per 1000.
LAURUSTINUS. diilo. 3s. per too, 255. per Icco.
Green EUONYMUS, ditto, 4^. per loo.
BOUVARDIAS, good sons, strong, he.-ilthy plants, 111 48's,

6s. per dozen.
TREE CARN.\IIONS, good vaiiclics, strong, in 6o's, 61.

per dozen.
ZON.'VL GERANIUMS, strong, from 3-iiich pots, good stuff

(or winter flowering, in 10 varieties, 8j. per ico.
GOLD and BRONZE, good sorts, 15s. per 100.

WILLIAM POTTeV, Camden Nurseiy, Sissinghurat,
Staplehurst, Kent.

Orchids a Specialiiy.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that,
without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO.

very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection hy all
lovers of this interesting and beauiilul claiS of plants,
whether purch.isers or not.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E._
A S P E G I A L i T Y,

Rhododendrons and ether American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb Collection of all the leading Varieties in Cultiv.i-
tion.also many thous.inds of RHODODENDRON PON 11-
tUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Dlstintt
Varieties, to name, for 301.

Tliese plant*, beinj; thus prepared, may be crown in any
c^l^in:^ry fibrous l-tnm, without the expensive addition of peal
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEKEl'ORD.

October 25, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

519

DAFFODILS.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS,

Royal Fxotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W.

Our Collection of these hardy and attractive early spiinc-
flowering Hull)'* embraces all the finest and most disiinct well
known varieties, as aJso the most beautihil and desirable new
hybrids. The tollovving Dafl'odils should be in every collection.

BICOLOR HORSFIELBII.

(KING of DAFFODILS.)
A splendid large fiee-tlowering early variety; immense golden-
yellow trumpet, wilh white perianth. Excellent for pot culture.
Rcr dozen, 9,?.

BICOLOR EMPRESS.

One of the largest and noblest of all Daffodils, bolder and
finer than Hor;fie!dii ; grand foini. most dtsiiable.
£ac/i, IS. 6./. ,■ /•i-n/i'Ci-f/ , 15.?.

BICOLOR LORIFOLIUS RUGILOBUS.

Showy variety, fljwers large, golden-yellow trumpet, with
sulphur perianth, very free blooming, and early. Fine for
cutting. Per doien, \s. 6J. ; per 100, ioj.

BICOLOR LORIFOLIUS EMPEROR.

The most noble and striking D.itTodil in ciiUivation, of im-
mense size and great sub-,tance, trumpet clear golden-yellow
wiih bro,"id stout perianth ; a most beautilul and desirable
variety. Ecich, is. ; per dozen, 21s.

CORBTJLARIA MONOPHYLLUS.

(CLUSll or WHITE HOOP PETTICOAT.)

Verypretty small Eucharis-like pure white llowers ; a gem.

Per doze It, 5r.

MAJOR MAXIMUS.

Immense srze. one of the finest, tallest, and largest of ail
DafTodils, trumnet and prrianth deep golden-yellow ; very early
floweiing. Per dozen, 45. 6^/. / per 100, 35J.

MAJOR OBVALLARIS.

(TENBY DAFFODIL)
Bright yellow, dwarf, and floiiferous; one of the earliest:
excellent lor pols and useful for cultirg.

Per dozen, 2s. ^d. ; per too, 15^.

MAJOR SPURIUS.

Large well-opened trumpet, wilh broad perianth of apleasing
self yellow colour. Fine lor cutting.

Per dozen, 2s. ^d. ; per 100, \^s.

MOSCHAIUS CERNUUS.

Trumpet and perianth clear tilvery-white, very distinct and
pretty. Per doze?!, -js. 6d.

MOSCHATUS CERNUUS PLENUS.

An extremely beautiful and very scarce variety, bearing full
double rose-like flowers of a delicate creamy-white colour.
Each, 2,^. 6d.

SINGLE DAFFODIL, or LENT LILT.

Per 100, 3-r.

DOUBLE DAFFODIL.

Per 100. ■^s.

INCOMPARABILIS ALBUS MARMION.

(SINGLE ORANGE PHCENIX.)
White, wilh an intense orange- scarlet crown ; very distinct
and beautiful, surpasses many of the new hybrids.
Per dozen, js, 6d.

INCOMPARABILIS ALBUS STELLA.

Very early, pure white with a yellow crown ; very attractive ;
excellent for pots.

Per dozen, 35. 6d. : per 100, 25^.

INCOMPARABILIS ALBUS PLENUS
AURANTIU3.

(EGGS-AND-BACON, ORANGE PKCENIX)
Large double white flowers, interspersed with rich orange-
scarlet in the centre.

Per dozen, zs. 6d. ; per ico, 17J. 6d.

INCOMPARABILIS ALBUS PLENUS
SULPHUREUS.

(CODLINS-AND-CREAM, SULPHUR PH'ENUX)
A beautiful large double variety, fl Mwers pale creamy white,
delicately fragrani ; invaluable for cutting or decorative
purposes. Per dozen, 4*. 6d. ; per 100, 355. .

ODORUS MINOR PLENUS.

(QUEEN ANNE'S DOUBLE JONQUIL)
One of the prettiest and most exquisite varieties, bearing per-
fectly double blight golden-yellow flowers, excellent for pi.>ts or
open border, deliciously fragrant.

Per dozen, t^s.

POETICUS ORNATUS.

Very eaily, bioad pure white perianth, with red crown ;
floweis large and well shaped.

Per dozen, 2s. 6d. ; per 100, 16s.

POETICUS PLENUS.

(DoL'BLE White, or Gakdbnia-flowered Nakcissus.)
Fine, full, double, pure white flowers ; in purity and sweet-
ness rivalling a Gardenia ; fine for cutting.

Per dozen, is. ; per 100, 6s. 6d.

For full particulars of above and other varieties of Dafr:dils,
as alio Bulbs for Pot Culture or PlantLng;, see

Descriptive and illustrated Bulb Catalogue,

forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY,

CHELSEA, S.W,

Flower
Roots

PRESENT PLANTING.

Sutton & Sons

RECOMMEND

THATORDERS FOR

THEIR

QHOICEpLQWEE
g^OOTS

SHOULD BE SENT

AT ONCE,

TO SECURE

THE

FINEST BULBS.

20s. Value Carriage Free.

5 per Cent. Discount for Cash.

»••»»» » V

PRICED DESCRIPTIVE LIST

POST FREE.

THE

QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

READING, BERKS.

-<S

THE

^arda^rs' dlftruniri^.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 25, 18S4.

THE GARDENS AT HIGHBURY.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN'S noble mansion,
with its surrounding grounds, is situated
in such a pleasant part of the country that the
task of laying-out the garden must have been
greatly simplified by that circumstance. The
natural beauty of the curves and the undulations
of the hilly ground no doubt suggested many of
those beautiful views which now present them-
selves, each complete in itself and having a
totally different aspect when viewed from
different points, but nevertheless all in harmony
one with another.

Situated on the crest of a hill within four
miles of busy Birmingham, but so placed that
but few indications of the proximity of so large
a town are to be seen, Highbury commands
on all sides an extensive view — that
on the garden side, which stretches far
away over the Worcestershire country, being
truly magnificent, and reminding one of those
lovely Surrey views which are so pleasant at al
seasons of the year. In viewing the garden
and surrounding country from the mansion one
great feature attracts attention, and that is
that the garden and grounds are so arranged
and planted that, seen from the higher points,
they are in thorough keeping with the scenery
around, and, indeed, seem to form an uninter-
rupted part of it, no fence, wall, or other line of
demarcation being visible anywhere around
the estate. The reason why the Highbury
garden presents a feature so harmonious with
its surroundings is that it is cleverly laid out,
as it were, in a series of gardens on
dilferent levels, many of them backed by
neat shrubberies or rockworks, and approached
by winding walks, so that in looking" over the
garden from the highest ground only that
appears which was intended to meet the eye
from that point, and consequently to harmonise
with the whole scene. Every turn, indeed,
reveals fresh beauties to the visitor. Thus,
from the upper ground too much garden-
ing is not visible, and as bedding plants
are not in favour, the laboured efforts which
mar too many gardens and spoil too
many scenes, do not appear ; and the
result is that a quiet, almost old-fashioned,
air reigns over the whole place, the idea of
repose being strengthened by the neat, orderly,
yet informal character of everything around
and by the frecjuent appearance of those cleverly
arranged water views which are equal to
anything of the kind to be found within
the limits of a garden. Mr. Chamberlain's
garden has been constructed with refined
taste in every particular, and is one in which
even our best landscape gardeners could pick
up some useful ideas.

Passing down the smooth grassy slope with its
naturallyarrangedhardy flower garden with a ter-
race at the bottom and thriving beds of Heaths,
Kalmias, Pemettyas, Rhododendrons, and other
flowering shrubs — along the winding walk with
a shrubbery fronted with showy hardy perennials

520

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 18S4.

on the left and the sloping garden on the right
— the great rosery is reached. This forms a
pretty garden in itself, and being nearly
surrounded by shrubberies it is a pleasant
and fragrant retreat in summer and a very
useful garden too, great quantities of Roses
being produced there from early summer
until late autumn. At the back of it is one of
those really natural looking alpine rockeries
and rocky herbaceous plant borders, which are
arranged at points of vantage in several parts of
the garden, and which look so beautiful with
their never-ending variety of hardy plants for
which Highbury has become a stronghold.

I'assing Mill down over the stnoolh lutf planted with
clumps of Rhododendrons mingled with Lilies and
Foxgloves, pa^t various peeps and views, and arriving
at a lower Uv;rl, another garden reveals itself— a large
important, weii-planted rockery, shelving down to
the first piece of ornamen'al water, which, with its
smill island and tastefully arranged margin, forms a
very pleasing break in the view. This is also a very
interesting part of the garden on account of the many
rare bog plants which thrive on the edges of the
water, and in 'he rocky crannies formtd for them.
Among these some fine clumps of Cypripedium
speclabile, and other handsome North American
plants are in very fine order. The massive plume-
1 earing clumps of Pampas-grass are also very
elfeclively arranged.

Continuing along the sloping garden, always with
a goodly amount of evenly trimmed turf studded
with rare shrubs in view, and with broad borders of
showy herbaceous perennials on either hand — the most
prominent by their handsome flowers at this season
being the robust looking, white-flowered Chrysanthe-
mum maximum, the elegant and not less beautiful
C. uliginosum, the tall golden-headed single and
double perennial Sunflowers, the many varieties of
Michaelmas Daisies, and the yet abiding Phloxes and
Delphiniums — the most beautiful scene perhaps
in the whole garden discloses itself, and that
is the lake, a really important piece of water,
well stocked with fish, navigable by boat, and useful
for skating in winter, but so skilfully formed and
planted that with its Willow-covered island and its
two rustic bridges it seems more like one of the reaches
in a river than an ornamental water in a private
garden. From the little Swiss cottage boat-house by the
waterfall the view of the garden and the expanse of
water with its varied lints of leafage, from the bright
yellow of the Golden Elder to the dark green of the
Conifers, is altogether delightful ; and viewed from
the bridge ; although presenting quite a different
aspect it is equally beautiful, in fact, this part of the
Highbury garden is a triumph of the gardener's art.

Returning by the other side of the garden the
ground is ascending, the shrubberies and hardy plants
of the one previously passed over being continued,
supplemented by beds in which each of the important
classes of hardy perennials can be grown by itself;
some are devoted to Japan Irises, others to Phloxes,
Pentstemons, Antirrhinums, Potentillas, Pyrethrums,
Clematis, &c., and these and the neat herbaceous
borders continue until the large sunk Fern rockery is
reached ; this, too, is a well-arranged and quiet place,
and as it is planted with the most v.tried collection
of hardy Ferns procurable, it is interesting at all times.
Beyond the rockery the ground still rises, and the
view opens out until, arrived at the mansion again,
the whole of it comes under the eye once more.

The glass department at Highbury is as well arranged
as the open garden, the conservatory with its broad
tessellated pavement and side stages of showy flowers
being just the kind of place most suitable to step into
from the drawing-room and enjoy the cool walk
beneath the planted-out tree Ferns, Palms, and
Camellias, and inhale the fragrance of the flowers
without seeming to be in a plant-house. Next the
conservatory is the Fern rockery under glass, a really
beautiful display of naturally arranged rockwork,
tastefully planted with the rarcft and most
beautiful Ferns. Not a flower pot is to be
seen in this large building ; and the foliage
of the Ferns overhanging the rocks, and mingling
with the coloured leaves of the Begonias which are
planted around the basin gives a very pretty and
natural appearance to the whole. From the fernery
runs a broad corridor nearly 200 feet in length. This
is not devoted to the cultivation of plants in pots.

although it is sometimes used for a few resting Den-
drobes, but its roof and back wall are covered with
perhaps the most complete lot of climbing plants
which can be found under one roof in the country.

Everything that is showy is there — Lapagerias,
Passifloras, Kennedyas, Stephaootis, Hoyas, Dipla-
denias, and every other good thing mentionable, and
a great many of them seem to be always in bloom,
but one of the prettiest and most lasting is the scarlet
Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens). The
main use for which the corridor was intended is to
connect the ends of the thirteen long span-roofed plant-
houses which run out from it on the right-hand side
and thus to allow of the whole of the plants being
visited without the visitor once passing into the open
air. This is a very convenient arrangement, and it has
been well carried out.

Orchids. — The greater part of the thirteen houses
are devoted to Orchids, of whicha noted collection exists
at Highbury— some of the species being there managed
in the best form. For example, Dendrobium Wardi-
anum, D. crassinode, and most of the other Dendrobes
which require growing well, here send out enormous
growths, and furnish large supplies of flowers. Den-
drobium superbiens, D. bigibbum, D. heterocarpum,
D. Cambridgeanum (which had sixty flowers), and
many others, which puzzle some of our best growers,
are very robust, and so are the dwarf Cattleyas, C.
Acklandiae, C. Walkeriana, C. Schilleriana, &c. ; and
the Laslias in general and the plants of Odontoglos-
sum Phatenopsis grow like weeds. Some of the
usually shy growers are behaving remarkably well,
and in particular may be noted a vigorous and verdant
plant of Saccolabium Hendersonianum, which is
sending up several spikes, and which has almost
grown out of recognition ; and the fine plants
of Dendrobium Falconeri, which Mr. Cooper,
the gardener, seems to have a special skill
in managing. The Phalasnopsis-house shows re-
markable improvement in its occupants, and the
whole of the general collection is in good condition,
the Cattleyas alone having given some trouble owing
to the weevil, or borer, having attacked the young
growth, and done much mischief before they were
observed, and caused much trouble afterwards.
Ultimately it was found that the insect deposited its
eggs in the young growths, and that the growths so
injured started into premature activity, and if allowed
to grow became deformed while nourishing the grub
inside it. The plan was then adopted of cutting off
the growths as soon as they were seen to have been
bored, and thus the insect has so far been got rid of
that it is becoming as scarce as it should be. The
cutting off of the young growths does not cause half so
much damage as many would suppose, as most bulbs
have more than one leading eye to them.

Among the Orchid-houses a fair display of bloom
is to be found, Cattleya Gaskelliana, C. exoniensis,
Vandas, L.-elias, &c., still giving flowers. The house
for the display of Orchids in bloom is very prettily
arranged, it is in reality a houseful of Maidenhair
and other graceful Ferns, among which the Orchids
in flower are placed ; at present it is delightfully set
up with many Odontoglossum Alexandrae, Epiden-
drum vitellinum majus, E. prismatocarpum, Dendro-
bium bigibbum, Cattleya exoniensis, C. bicolor, C.
Eldorado, Cypripedium Sedeni, C. Lowii, C.
Spicerianum, C. niveum, C. Schlimii, Odontoglos-
sum grande, O. Pescatorei, Maxillaria grandiflora,
Lx'Iias, &c.

The houses which are devoted to general stove and
greenhouse stulf are well filled, the Eucharis and other
things for cutting, and the plants for table decoration
being in fine order, and the large lot of Cyclamen
and Cinerarias in the pits outside a long way beyond
market growers' quality, and that is saying a great
deal for them.

The large Odontoglossum-house is to the left-
hand side of the corridor, and it contains a very fine
collection of all that is good in Odontoglossums and
Masdevallias, the condition of all of which leaves
nothing to be desired in connection with them, as they
are healthy, plump, and clean, and plentifully furnished
with flower -spikes. In a cold pit outside is a
vigorous lot of Disas, Cypripedium speclabile and
Todc.as, and beyond lies the kitchen garden, a range
of vineries, and Peach, Melon, and Cucumber-
houses.

In the lean-to Peach caset;, Mr. Cooper has
attained great success this year in growing most
of the Mexican Orchids in the full sun and

with a free current of air around them. Now
in the most vigorous health are Barkeria
elegans, B. Lindleyana, B. cyclotella, Lxlia albida,
L. autumnalis, L. majalis, Odontoglossum citrosmum,
O. Londesboroughianum, Epidendrum nemorale, and
many others, and all of them in excellent condition,
and the Barkerias sending up flower, all having
thoroughly enjoyed their sunny, airy quarters. It
is pleasant to see that Mr. Cooper in the midst of
his many duties gives his attention to these interesting
matters.

\m

L.VrXLLVA (LABI.ATA) CROCATA, n. v.ir.
MSS., Sept., 1882.

This is not to be had in the trade. Probably it is
near the Eldorado group, though the fine flowers arc
larger. It has a broad flower of the finest white,
with a deep orange broad line running from the base
of the lip on the anterior disc, where it expands into
a pentagonal blotch, with teeth in front. The column
is white, with a green base.

First I knew of it from poor Gustav Wallis, who
said it was exceedingly rare ; then Mr. F. Sander sent
a dried flower, for inspection only ; he, alas !
wanted it back. I suspect Mr. F. Sander
knows where it has its nest. In September,
1882, it was sent by and named for Mr. Edwin G.
Wrigley, Howick House, Preston, Lancashire. Vou
might compare it with Cattleya Wallisi, were it not for
the deep orange in lieu of sulphur on the lip. I had
it afresh once more — I am ashamed to confess I do not
know from whom. Mr. R. P. Percival, Clevelands,
Westclift'e Road, Birkdale, Southport, also kindly
forwarded me a three-flowered grand inflorescence
superior to any flowers I had seen before, though Mr.
Wrigley's plant may equally have improved. It is
to be highly commended. //. G. Rchb.f.

Dendrobium virgineum (Nigrohirsuta), «. sp."
This is a lovely thing, very near Dendrobium
infundibulum of Dr. Lindley, a fresh Dendrobe from
inexhaustible Birmah, now in flower with Messrs. H.
Low & Co. It is much like the above-named species ;
the leaves, however, are nearly twice as broad. The
flowers are only two-thirds the size of those of the
named species, and the lip has, as its best recommen-
dation, two singular light reddish, thickened, ligular
lines from the base of the lip to the base of the mid-
lacinia. Excepting this and iome reddish lint at the
base of column the flowers, which have a fine texture,
are ivory-white, as well as the stalked ovary, only
the back of the mentum has a light green hue, and
the upper part of the ovary is of the gayest green,
which looks very graceful. H, G. Selib, f,

Cattleya Brymeriana, Rchb. f.
This very rare and very lovely Cattleya has
appeared this year at two places. It flowered with
Mr. F. Sander, and recently with Mr. E. Brymer,
M. P., near Dorchester. It is a great satisfaction to
read in Mr. Stuart Low's letter, accompanying two
Brymerian flowers (from plants sent by the collector,
Mr. White, to Messrs. Hugh Low ci Co.), that he is
now of my opinion in suspecting its being a natural
mule between Cattleya superba and Eldorado. It is
decidedly as lovely as it is rare, as stated before.
H. G. Rchb. f.

Trichopilia laxa (AV///-./) var. flaveola,
H. 7'ar.

A curious variety, which, in lieu of the usual
brownish-reddish sepals and petals, shows Ihem
whitish-yellowish. It is by no means Trichopilia
grata, Rchb. f., as that has a much shorter and broader
lip, and a beaked anther. It was kindly sent me by
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. H. G. Rchb. f.

* Dcndrchiitm {X'lf^rohirsiitn) 7'irgineum, n. sp.— Caule
bene foliato ; foliis oblongo ligulatis apice bilobis ; rscemo (cr-
ininali plurifloro, mento eximctoriiformt abbreviato ; sep.-iti:,
lateralibus triangulis obscure carinatis ; sepalo imparl oblongo
obtuso; repalis rhombeis olrtnsangulis, labello rrilobo, lobis
lateralibus semiovatis crenulatis, loba anlico producto rotundo
eniarginato crenulato lineis incrassatis depressis subparallelU
geminis a basi labelli in basin lobi anlic'.— Ex Dinnah iiUd. cl.
I o>v iner. Lond. //. G. Rchb. f.

October 25, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

521

AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA.

During the last few years the Columbines have
very greatly increased in popularity, and no wonder,
for they are amongst the most handsome of herbace-

they vary more in the size of the flowers than in their
lorm and colour. It is probable, therefore, that culti-
vation has something to do with it. In dry light soils
near London the plants deteriorate. It is not a plant
that can be successfully propagated by division, but

Fig. 93.— aouilegia glandulosa : sepals blue, petals white.

pots, and when well managed in that way they are
extremely beautiful. Their worst enemy during
the hot weather is red-spider ; it attacks the under-
sides of the leaves, and is likely to do much mischief
before it is destroyed. The flowers are of a bright
blue colour, the tips of the petals white. The plant
grows from a foot to 15 inches high, and flowers very
freely. In saving seeds of this or any other species of
Columbine care must be taken to keep them quite
apart from others of the same genus, as no flowers are
easier to intercross with each other. A, glandulosa
is a native of .Siberia. J. D,

0U5 plants either for the herbaceous borders or for the
rock garden. A. glandulosa and A. alpina are
the best of the genus for the rock garden.
A. glandulosa is quite hardy, indeed it prefers
the moist cool climate of the north of Scotland
to the wanner, drier southern parts of these isles.
There seem to be two or three varieties of it, but

succeeds best i( raised from seeds. The seeds ought
to be sown in pots some time in April, they will vege-
tate either in cold frames or in a hotbed. When large
enough they may be pricked out in pans or pots.
Some time during the summer they may be planted out
where they are to flower, and they like a deep, mode-
rately clayey loam. Some of them may be grown in

THE NATIONAL EXHIBITION
AT ROUEN.

We left London lately en route for Rouen, vii
Newhaven, for Dieppe, and thence to Rouen. The
journey from Dieppe to Rouen is performed by rail
in about an hour, through an interesting part of the
country. The crops of corn were ripe, and reaping
had begun generally. Splendid weather favoured us,
and we made a very pleasant journey, admiring the
6ne scenery through this part of France, which is
very diversified and pleasing ; with the fine pasture-
land, corn, and the fine trees, chalk hills being in-
termixed with the woods and green fields. Streams
of water and rivers abound, also famous orchards of
Apples. Altogether it is a very interesting journey
to those who appreciate scenes of natural beauty.
The Apple and Pear trees were for the most part
loaded with fruit, which is grown in large quantities
for making cider, and the Apples are also dried and
find their market all over the world as Normandy
Pippins.

We travelled on, passing towns and villages, with
their quaint style of building, and came to the cotton
manufactories in the valley of Trouville, with their
hosts of chimneys and factories extending for miles
up the river, which, with the foliage of the trees
above them and the streams below, produced a very
curious and picturesque effect. These tapering chim-
neys are well built, and the trees intermixing with
them present a very different aspect to what we see
in the North of England.

After we pass these factories the river Seine gets
wider, and you see pretty islands well-wooded and
dotted here and there in the water, and the high
banks covered with trees with the houses intermixed,
have a very pleasing effect. The Seine at Rouen is
said to be about 750 feet wide ; it is crosssed by two
fine bridges, one of stone and the other a suspension
bridge. There is a great deal of business done, espe-
cially in cotton fabrics. From the promenade a
splendid view of the Seine both ways is obtained.
The front of the Exhibition presented a very im-
posing appearance, there being a large and open
space in front with a noble mound of trees above on the
right. Entering the Exhibition building, which was
well decorated with Palms and trees of different forms,
we passed through the grand entrance until we came
to the open garden, which was a large space with the
Exhibition buildings all round, highly ornamented and
decorated. The grounds were tastefully laid out in
an undulated manner with lawns and broad walks,
and were planted by various nurserymen with Palms
and other foliage plants, also flower-beds and vases ;
there was a large piece of water with a fountain in
the centre, which was planted with a variety of
aquatic plants flowering beautifully. There was a
band-stand at the end, also plenty of seats and
summer-houses — the tout ensemhte with the Exhi-
bition all round being very agreeable. At the end of
this garden was the chief object that attracted us
there from London, which was a span-roofed house,
70 feet in length and 20 in width, with an entrance in
the centre having a porch to enter by. This house
was put up on purpose for the Comte de Germiny,
Chateau de Gonville, France, which place is about
12 miles from Rouen, and who undertook to fill it
during the time of the Exhibition, which lasted for
several months. This was a wonderful undertaking
for a private gentleman, and generous in the extreme,
as he undertook to bear all the expenses con-
nected with the display, and to find as well the
large quantities of fine plants throughout that period,
many hundreds of Orchids, as well as other plants,
being employed. This gentlemen has large resources
to pick from, and his glasshouses at Trouville are well
stocked with fine specimens. We will now describe
the inside of the house. It was laid out with a bed in

522

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1SS4.

the centre on the ground, which was over 60 feet in
length and 6 wide ; the side tables on each side were

4 feet in width, the middle had an edj^ing round
well planted with subjects with coloured foliage ; the
ground plan was one mass of IjeautifuIIy variegated
and green foliage, which formed a good foundation
for the fine plants to be placed upon.

There were graceful Palms, Ferns, Maranta?, Ca'a-
diums, and large specimen Orchids; up the centre and
on each side of the middle row was a noble lot of
specimen plants that did our eyes good to behold ia
fact it was one of the finest sights we ever saw
grouped from one collection, and wc were lold that it
had been conlinued all through the season. We
will describe some of the most noted specimens, so
that your readers may form their own opinion of
ihem.

Orchids. — Commencing with the Orchids, Cat tleya
labiata pallida was a noble specimen, having over
twenty spikes of its pink andc rim?on flowers and buds
— it is a most beautiful and rare Cattlcya ; the plant
was 3 feet in diameter, and had good foliage as well
as flowers, which is considered the beauty of a plant ;
also a wonderful specimen of C. crispa, with its
showy while and crimson-purple flowers, 4 feet in
diameter, with twenty-eight spikes, bearing 125
expanded blossoms, which was a fine specimen, well
cultivated. Thcrewere several other plants of the dif-
ferent varieties of C. crispa, which is one of the most
useful Catlleyas, flowering as it does in August and
September.

Associated with this were a unique specimen of
Sobralia xantholeuca, a rare and remarkable plant,
with many flowers of a creamy-yellow, the lip lemon-
yellow, and the throat orange coloured ; Epidendrum
prismatocarpuni, wilh twelve spikes o! its curiously
spotted flowers in good form and colour ; a fine
plant of Saccolabium relusum, with its fine spikes
of showy white and mauve flowers ; S. guttatum,
one of the best ; Lcelia Turneri, finely in bloom,
with its lovely rose and deep magenta-coloured
blossoms ; Cypripedium superbiens, a very fine
specimen, with large flowers, and good in colour — one
of the best of the barbatum section ; Cattleya Mar-
risoni violacea very attractive in colour, and the
charming Oncidium macranthum, with a fine spike of
its showy blossoms. There were also several fine speci-
mens of Vanda suavis, with many spikes of flowers ;
also different varieties of V. tricolor, plants 4 and

5 feet high, perfect to the pot ; also several fine spe-
cimens of Phaln^nopsis, such as P. amabilis and P.
grandiflora, with their white flowers drooping amongst
the foliage plants with good eff'ect ; Cattleya Leo-
poldi, bearing several spikes of its spotted flowers ;
and Oncidium Lanceanum, Other well bloomed
plants in flower were found in great numbers in the
middle bed, which gave a pretty effect to it.

Miscellaneous Plants.— Fine plants of Cocos
Weddelliana were placed in position up the centre
with their graceful foliage, together with Ferns and
fine Caladium5, Marantas, and other foliage plants
uf dirf:renl forms and colour ; many fine specimens
of Anthurium Scherzerianum giganteum, wiih forty
or more of its bright scarlet flowers on each ;
numerous specimers of A. Andrcanum, with many
flowers of large size, also the new A, Ferrierense,
with its rose-coloured blossoms. These Anthu-
riums contrasted well, intermixed as they were with
Orchids and with ornamental foliage plants. There
were many fine specimens of Lilium auratum and
other Lilies, also the bright orange-scarlet Vallota
purpurea, the Ihvmanlhus cinnabarinus, and other
difi^erent soits were very showy. There were many
fine Amaryllis, such as Mrs. Garfield, Mrs. W.
Lee, and Prince Albert, with enormous bulbs and
bright crimson flowers ; in fact, there were several
dozen different kinds in bloom. This centre bed was
edged- with pretty Caladium argyrites and Adian-
tum cuneatum — a very pretty mixture. There were
many olher beautiful flowering and foliage plants
in this bed, too numerous to mention. On one of the
side tables were 800 Gloxinias in full bloom. There
were many uncommon varieties among them, all
seedlings raised in the Comte's garden. This estab-
lishment has a world-wide renown for its Gloxinias,
and great credit is due to M. Kondeau for his per-
severance in improving these plants — and the greatest
variety of colour imaginable.

On the other side wd3 a miscellaneous collection of
Achim^nes of various colours j also Uoras, such as L

Pilgrimii and L Williamsii,'with fine heads of flower ;
many Ferns, Vallotas, Liliums of sorts, and a
fine lot of Odontoglossum grande, Cattleya Dow-
iana, C. gigas, and others ; Cypripediuras of sorts,
Odontoglossum Alexandra; and O. Pescatorei, and
others ; fine spikes of Masdevallias. At the ends
of the house were fine specimens of \'anda suavis,
5 feet high, with several spikes ; several fine plants
of V. tricolor, V. superba, and V. planilabii:--.
Py the side of this were fine specimens of Anthurium
Veitchii with its noble foliage ; A. Waroqueanum
with its magnificent dark green foliage ; at the olher
end were Vanda suavis and V, tricolor, and An-
thuriums, which had a noble appearance. The roof
was decorated with many fine Nepenthes, such as
Mastersiana, with its dark bronzy pitchers, which is one
of the best ; also good plants of N.' Ilookerii and N.
Rafllesiana, and many others, which looked beautiful
hanging from the roof with many bright-coloured
pitchers. Intermixed with these were several speci-
mens of Cattleya Dowiana, whose fine showy flowers
were seen in great abundance ; two Cattleya gigas
in great beauty, several specimens of Stanhopea, their
blossoms drooping from the bottom of the basket ;
Epidendrum vitellinum majus, with many spikes of
flowers. Next this was a plant of Grammatophyllum
EUisi, with its curious coloured flowers ; and the
charming Coelogyne Massangeana, carrying several
long spikes ; Barkerias and Phalsenopsis, and other
fine plants and drooping Ferns intermixed. The
roof had a splendid appearance, and the whole arrange-
ment was excellent. Great credit is due to the
Comte de Germiny for the liberal and enthusiastic
manner in which the show was kept up, and too much
praise cannot be given to his persevering and energetic
gardener, M. Rondeau, for his clever arrangements
and good taste ; for there was nothing left undone
which could make it a scene of delight to the
thousands of persons who visited this exhibilion. It
is to be hoped the committee will make some hand-
some recognition for the arduous labours that ihust
have been caused by this show. B. S. IV.

INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON
SCION.

That the stock exercises a powerful influence
upon the scion no practical gardener will for a mo-
ment doubt ; and by way of supporting this assertion
as much as sounding a warning note to growers whose
intention it may be to graft some superior or well-
tested variety upon some inferior, and, it may be,
as in my own case, unknown variety to them, I will,
with your permission, instance a most striking illus-
tration and conclusive proof of this fact.

In planting the new vineries here, in 18S1, I
planted, among many others, a variety sent from
Malta by a friend of my employer' The fol-
lowing spring a friend also sent me a small eye of
the Gros Maroc Grape, which I rooted in a 3 inch
pot, subsequently shifting it into a 7-inch one, and
inarching it nn a young Black Hamburgh Vine.
During the interval from inarching the Vine in ques-
tion and the perfect union of the scion and stock, the
former, owing to the temporary check which it
received in being inarched, pushed into growth a
little way from the pot. In the meantime the
" Maltese variety" produced a solitary bunch, which,
by way of ascertaining what the variety was like, I
allowed to remain and ripen, and which turned out to
be a miserable apology, not only for a bunch, but
also for a Grape ; but, owing to the source whence
it came, I did not feel justified in doing away with
it until I had drawn the attention of my employer
to its produce. But, anticipating what his verdict
would be, and at the same time forgettmg the results
that such a union was likely to lead to, I determined
to inarch on it the shrot of Gros Maroc referred to
above, and which, like the one previously inarched
on the Black Hamburgh, made most satisfactory
growth then and since.

Now for results. The produce of the "Maroc and
Hamburgh union" has been most satisfactory, but
that of the Maltese union has been the reverse ; not
only in the size and form of bunch and berry of the
Maroc injuriously affected by the union, but also
the flavour and keeping qualiucs and general appear-

ance of this fine Grape have suffered in consequence —
so much so that several of your readers who have
recently seen the produce of the two Vines, suspended
side by side from bottles in the Grape-room here,
could not recognise that obtained from the Maltese
stock, which is a shrivelled mass as compared to the
fine large oval heavily-bloomed berries of the Ham-
burgh stock. //, IK ir.

GARDEN PALMS.

{Continued /ro>n p. 427.)

Arenga^ Labill. — A genus of five species, four of
which are in cultivation at Kew. When full grown
their stems reach a height of from 30 to 40 feet, and
are thick, ringed, and unarmed, unless when clothed
in the long black fibres which cover the lower parts
of the petioles. The leaves are pinnate, the segments
being arranged regularly along the rachis, though
sometimes a pair of segments are joined by their
bases. The jagged or truncate end, and curiously
lobed bases of the segments, are characters by which
these Palms may always be recognised, the only other
cultivated genera with which they might be confused,
viz., Caryota and Didymosperma (Wallichia), differing
in the former having bipinnate leaves, and in the
latter being without lobes at the bases of the leaf-
segments, Arengas are ornamental Palms, the grace-
ful arching habit of their leaves, the dark shining
green of the upper, and the silvered under surfaces of
the segments, together with the thick network of
strong black fibres which surrounds the lower portions
of the sheathing leaf-stalks being both singular and
attractive, "This fibrous substance," Seemann says
"is superior to that obtained from the husk of the
Cocoa-nut, and is renowned for its power of resisting
wet. The coarser parts found with this ' vegetable
horse-hair ' are used by all the tribes who write on
paper as pens, and they are the arrows used by others
to discharge, poisoned or otherwise, from blow-pipes
or arrow-tubes." A, saccharifera yields the Palm-
sugar known in India as "jaggery;" "toddy, "or Palm-
wine and Sago are also obtained from this species, which
is described as being one of the handsomest and most
useful of Malayan Palms. The seeds of Arengas are
enveloped in an Apple-like fruit, which is fleshy,
generally 3-celled, and contains two or three oblong
slightly angular dark brown seeds, which are about
an inch long, rounded at one end, pointed at the
other. The seedling leaves are simple, becoming pin-
nate when the plant is about a year old. Voung
plants assume a graceful character when about two
years old. They are of sturdy nature, capable of with-
standing the rough treatment of decorative work, &c.
A. Bonnctti^ Hort. — East Indies.
A. ohiusifolia^ Mart. — Java, Sumatra.
A. saccharifera^ Labill. ("Gomuti" and "Sugar
Palm "). — East Indies.

A. Wightii, Grifi".— Malabar.

Astrocaryum^ Meyer. — These are excessively spiny
Palms, the foliage of even very young plants being
covered on both sides with long sharp spines. When
large every portion — stem?, leaves, fruit-stalk, and
spathe — is clothed with a thick covering of spines,
which in some cases are a foot long. Most of the
species form stems varying from 20 feet to 40 feet in
height, and these have the spines arranged in rings all
the way up. One of the cultivated species, viz., A.
acaule, never forms a stem, the leaves springing at
once from the ground. All the species are found in
the rich, moist virgin forests of South America,
chiefly in Brazil. Their preference for moist situ-
ations shows them to be fond of water both at the
root and overhead, treatment which at Kew has re-
sulted in several handsome specimens, which produce
annually their spiny boat-shaped spathe, in which the
flower-spike is enveloped. When young the spiny,
elegant, pinnate foliage of these plants, and the silvery
underside of the pinnx, which are acuminate and
not truncate as in Marlinesia, are not wanting in
attractiveness. To keep them healthy, especially
when young, a hot, moist stove is necessary for them.
The seeds of Astrocaryums are enclosed in a flcbhy
fruit, which varies in the diflerent species from the
size of a hen-egg to a Walnut. When fresh this
fleshy covering is juicy and edible, and is said to be
good food for cattle. In some of the species this
rind is covered with spines. When dry the fruit be-
comes more or less fibry. The seeds are egg shaped,
smooth, dark bro»n, rounded at one end, narrowed
lo a nipplelikc point at the other. They are

October 25, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

523

hard and while iniidc, like ivory. Seedling leaves
bipartite.

In Kegel's Garlciijhia, t. 1022, a Palm is figured
under the name ol Astrocaryura iriaitoides, Wallis,
but the nature of the spines and itieir arrangement,
and the truncate leaf segments of the Palm (iguted,
denote it to be a species of Martinesia.

A. aailcaltim, Mey. — " Gri-gri Palm "of Tiinidad,
Guiana.

A. acaitle. Matt. — Rio Negro.

A. annum, Griseb. and Wendl.— Trinidad.

A. filare, Hort. Bull.— Ilab. ?

A, ^na<:anthu)H, Mart. — Guiana.

A. Malylo, Karst.— New Grenada (A. argenteum,
Hort,).

A, ///c'xiiatiiiffi, Lieb. — Mexico.

A. A/iiru Miirti, Mart. — Brazil.

A. roslratum. Hook, f.. But. M<ig., t. 4773.—
Brazil.

A, vulgarc^ Mart.- — Brazil.

Attalea, a genus composed of about twenty species
of tall, large-leaved Palms, of noble aspect when
large, and ornamental when in a small state. Six of
the species are cultivated at Kew, amongst them
being the " Piassaba " or " Coquilla-nut Palm," and
the species yielding the " Cohune-nut," Piassaba is
a coarse black fibre formed by the splitting up of the
outer portions of the sheathing base of the petiole of
A, funifera. From this fibre ropes are manufactured,
and the so-called whale-bone brooms are made of the
same material. The seeds of this species are the
Coquilla-nuts which are turned into very pretty
ornaments and sold at church doors in Paris,
&c., they are also used foe making handles
for parasols, walking-sticks, &c. The Cohune nut is
the fruit of A. Cohune, from which a valuable oil is
obtained. The Attaleas are unarmed, middle-sized
Palms, with ringed stems, and large pinnate leaves,
the segments of which are regularly placed along the
rachis, and at right angles with it. A handsome
specimen of A. Cohune in the Kew collection, al-
though as yet stemless, has leaves 20 feet long by
6 feet wide, the segments extending down to within
2 feet of the base of the petiole. It is a most attractive
Palm in this stage, the dark shining green, and
almost erect position of its feather-like foliage being
exceptionally fine even amongst Palms. All the
species are natives of tropical moist forests of South
America, and, therefore, thrive only in stoves with
us. Young plants assume a graceful habit, and are
robust enough to be employed as ordinary decorative
plants. The fruits of Attaleas vary in size from that
of a hen-egg to a D-imson. They are perfectly ovoid
in form, and enclose each a single seed of excessive
hardness, which is generally mottled on the outside.
The rind is composed of closely-packed fibres, and is
about an eighth of an inch in thickness. The coty-
ledon is undivided and acuminate.

A. amygdalina, H. B. K. (A. nucifera, Karst.). —
New Grenada.

A. Cohune, Mart,, "Cohune nut." — Honduras to
Guiana.

A. compla. Mart., " Pindova Palm."— Brazil.
A. funifera, Mart., " Piassaba " and " Coquilla "
Palm. — Brazil.

A maracaibcnsis, Karst. — Venezuela.
A. ipectabilis, Mart. — Amazon River.

intervals perpendicular shoots about the size of com-
mon lead pencils, which, indeed, in form and colour,
point and all, they closely resemble. Whether these
will eventually produce leaf-buds and grow into
trees time must prove. Even in their present form
they act as snags, or stakes, projecting from the
surface of the water, massing together the floating
debris, and thus answering the same purpose in the
design of Nature as the atrial roots of other
Mangroves.

It is an interesting fact that these specimens of
Avicennia, imported to the gardens from the Anda-
man Islands, in 1SS2, remained in a very unsatisfac-
tory and sickly condition until the autumn of 1SS3,
when {at the suggestion of the Duke of Buckingham,
who presented them to the Society), they were treated
with sea-water, the elTect of which was marvellous
and almost instaneous : they started into growth, and
have since remained in a very healthy condition.
W. S.

MANGROVES AT THE ROYAL
BOTANIC SOCIETY'S GARDEN.

There are now growing in the Victoria-house, in the
gardens of the Royal Botanic Society, Regent's Park,
some strong healthy plants of the White Mangrove,
Avicennia sp. Hitherto it has been found next to
impossible to cultivate any of the Mangroves, and
perhaps those at the Park are the only ones now in
England. Their habitats are the low banks or
marshes at the mouths of tropical rivers, where they
effect much good in reclaiming such unsanitary neigh-
bourhoods, and building up dry land for the use of
man. They are enabUd to do this as they are
endowed with several peculiar properties, such as
the production of numerous interlacing aerial roots,
which, forming a labyrinth or network, arrest ai:d fix
in place floating ifibris of all kinds.

The White Mangrove is provided with special ap-
pliances acting in a similar manner. Those at the
Park have produced strong thick fleshy roots from
the base of the plant, just below the surface of the
soil, These extending horizontally throw up at

NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED
ASTERS.— I.
Now that Mr. Bentham has remodelled the genus
Aster in the Genera Planlarum, and recast and defined
afresh its subgenera, and Dr. Asa Gray has published
the result of his life-Ion^ study of its North American
representatives in the volume of his Synoptical Flora
which has just appeared, we shall have to arrange
and name our garden forms afresh, in accordance with
the result of their labours. I have gone through the
collection of living plants in the herbaceous ground at
Kew for this purpose, and in order to help other culti-
vators to do the same I propose in the present paper
to give an outline of the general plan of arrangement
that has been followed, and to describe briefly the
cultivated specific types. When Dr. Gray was in
England on both his two last visits he kindly took a
great deal of pains to determine both the living and
dried specimens in the Kew collection, so that there
are very few of the 124 species which he recognises as
inhabiting the United States, of which we do not
possess authenticated specimens. Altogether, there
are nearly 200 species now known, but of these
not much over fifty are, so far as my own know-
ledge goes, in cultivation at the present time in our
English collections. The United States is the
great headquarters of the genus, but it is also repre-
sented abundantly in temperate Asia, in Japan, China,
Siberia, and the Himalayas, and its out-wandering
members are spread through Europe and South
America, and reach even Natal and Cape Colony.
By far the largest proportion of the cultivated types
come from the Eastern United States. There are
about as many species in the Western as in
the Eastern States, and they are nearly all difterent
ones, but as yet scarcely any of the Rocky
Mountain and other Western types have
found their way into English gardens. There are a
great many plants loosely called Aster in gardens
which do not belong to the genus at all. In this, as in
all other questions of nomenclature, our Kew standard
is the Genera Planlarum ol Bentham and Hooker.
The China Aster forms by itself the genus Calliste-
phus ; Boltonia diJTers from Aster by its short almost
paleaceous pappus, Erigeron by its more numerous
narrower ray-flowers, Felicia and Olearia (Eurybia)
by their shrubby habit, and the former by its fragile,
uniseriate pappus, and the latter by its cylindrical
achenes. Solidago and Haplopappus belong to the
homochromous series of Asteroidere, in which both ray
and disc flowers are a bright yellow, not the latter
yellow and the former white or lilac, as in Aster and
the other heterochromous genera.

The following sketch will give an idea of the sub-
genera as understood by Bentham and Asa Gray,
which are represented by the cultivated species : —

Series I. — Perennials, with a pappus not sepa-
rated into two distinct rows.

Subieries I. — Bracts of the involucre dry at the
base, but furnished with distinct, spreading, leafy
tips.

Subgenus I. Euaster. — Bracts of the involucre
furnished with large leafy points, the outer bracts
usually gradually shorter than the inner. Ray-flowers
fertile. Achenes with flattened faces. Pappus
bristles moderately rigid in texture. Heads of flowers
usually very numerous and copiously panicled. Ex-
amples : A. I^evis, A. Novi-Belgii, and A. Novse-Anglise.
To this subgenus belong half of all the wild species,

and far more than half of the cultivated ones. It
seems to be entirely confined to North America, its
European representatives being only garden escapes.

Subgenus II. Calliastkum.— DilTers from Euaiter
by its narrower achenes, more rigid pappus bristles,
and generally by its fewer and larger heads of flowers.
Examples : A. Curlisii, A. radula, A. surculusus,
and sibiricus ; and here I think range best the Euro-
pean A. Amellus and its near neighbour the Hima-
layan A. Pseudo-Amellus, Hook. f. This is kept up
as a distinct subgenus by Bentham, but now merged
in Euaster by Gray.

Subgenus HI. BlOTIA. — Differs from Euaster by
its unflattened achenes and the shorter leafy points of
the bracts of its distinctly multiserial involucre. Two
species only, A. macrophyllus and A, corymbosus,
restricted to the United States.

Subserics II. — Bracts of the involucre dry through-
out, and not spreading or at all lealy at the tip.

Subgenus IV. Orthomeris. — Bracts of the
involucre dry throughout and adpressed, the outtr
usually gradually shorter. Ray - flowers fertile.
Achene flattened on two faces. Pappus moderately
firm in'texture. Examples: A. ptarmicoides, A. glau-
cus, and A. acuniinatus. To this subgenus belong five
species of the Eastern and sixteen of the Western
United Slates, only one of which we possess alive at
Kew, and most of the Himalayan, Siberian, and
Japanese species. For garden purposes it is dis-
tinctly inferior to Euaster,

Subgenus V. Calimeris, — Difi'ers from the last by
the bracts ol the involucre being fewer, and neaily
equal, and the setn; of the pappus shorter than the
flowers and rather flattened, Example ; A, Thorn-
soni. Entirely Asiatic,

Subgenus VI, Galatei.lA. — Differs from Ortho-
meris mainly by the ray-flowers being sterile, the
ovary and style being imperfect, and the stamens
absent. Examples : A. actis, dahuricus, and canus. .
Few species, confined entirely to Asia and Europe.

Subgenus VII. LiNOSYRIs.— Differs from the two
last by the entire absence ol ray-flowers. Examples :
A. Linosyris, widely spread in Europe, and a few
Siberian species.

Subseries HI. Bracts of the involucre about equal
in length and foliaceous throughout, as in Erigeron.

Subgenus VIII. Erigerastrum. — Bracts of the
involucre linear, or lanceolate, leafy from the base.
Stem leafy. Heads large, one, or very few, with
very numerous fertile ligules. Achene with two
flat faces. Pappus moderately firm in texture.
Examples : A. alpinus and A. pyrenKus, Mountains
of both hemispheres. Few species.

Subgenus IX. Bellidiastrum. — Differs from
the last by its leafless peduncle, so that it closely
resembles a Daisy. Only one species, A. Bellidi-
astrum, Scop., an inhabitant of the mountains of
Central Europe,

Series II. — Perennials with a distinctly double
pappus, the outer of a row of nearly equal, much
shorter bristles.

Subgenus X. Heteroch.-eta, — Dwarf, with
one or few large heads and sub-equal leafy bracts.
Examples : the Cape A. hispidus, figured Rcf. Bot., t.
342, and two other Cape species. Represented also
by the Himalayan A, heterochreta and Siberian A.
flaccidus, Bunge.

Subgenus Xt. Doellingeria. — Bracts of the
involucre destitute of foliaceous tips. Ray-flowers
white, inconspicuous. Achenes flattened, many-
nerved. Pappus moderately firm in texture. Leaves
broad and flat. Example : A. umbellatus.

Subgenus XII. Ianthe. — Differs from the last by
its large bright-coloured ray-flowers and narrow rigid
one-nerved veinless leaves. Example : A. linarii-
folius.

Series III. — Biennials and annuals.

Subgenus XIII. Tripolium.— Involucral brads
few, dry, lanceolate, Achenia compressed, those of the
inner flowers sterile. Bristles of pappus fine and
slender. Shores of the Old World, One species
only, A. Tripolium,

Subgenus XIV, Mach.erantheka.— Bracts of the
involucre rigid at the base, with very large, spreading,
leafy tips. Heads large, with bright lilac ligules.
Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Example : A. Bigelovii
(A, Townsendii, Hook. fil.)and A. canescens. Ex-
clusively American.

Besides these fourteen subgenera there are several
others not at present in cultivation, in the perennial
series Megalastrum, lleleastrum, and Ilesperasttum,

52 +

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1SS4.

and in the annual-biennial series Oxytripolium and
Conyzopsis, the two latter both, like Tripolium, con-
fined to saline localities. Of all these a full account
will be found in the new volume of Dr. Gray's Synop-
tical Flora, y. G. Baker,

{To he contintiedS\

PALM BASKETS.

Visitors to Bordighera, on the Mediterranean
coast, not far from Mentone, are not likely soon to
forget the plantations of Date Palms, of all sizes,
from the low bush to the stately shaft, surmounted
by its crown of stiff foliage. For many years it has
been the custom to make use of Palm leaves in reli-
gious ceremonies of the Romish church, for which
purpose the leaves are blanched by tying them
together so as to shield them from the light. Thus
blanched they are dried, and in some cases gilded — a
perversion of taste we can only lament. Recently a
further use has been found for these leaves in the con-
struction of ornamental baskets for holding flowers,
living or dried, screens, and other decorative objects,
at once novel and beautiful. For the two illustrations
(figs. 94 and 95) here given we are indebted to
M. Winter, of Bordighera, who has made a speciality
of the manufacture of these elegancies.

SOME

NEW VARIETIES
IRIS.

OF

I HAVE now in flower in my garden what seems to
be quite a new Iris. It is a bulbous Iris — a Xiphion ;
and its quadrangular leaves, as well as its general
habit, show it to be closely allied to Iris reticulata.
The form of the bulb, however, is different from that
of I. reticulata, and the flowers are very different.
The falls have a narrow claw and a lanceolate blade ;
the crests of the style are very long, triangular, and
pointed, and the colour is a groundwork of white,
wiih lavender or blue veins, producing a general
effect of slaty-blue. It is not very valuable from a
garden point of view, though if its flowering at this
season {October l8) is normal and not exceptional,
and if it prove quite hardy, it may be welcomed as a
useful addition to autumn flowering bulbs. We
treasure many things now which we should not
care for amid the many joys of summer, and
this Iris, having just that share of beauty which leads
one to call it "a pretty little thing," is capable of
affording some little pleasure at least. I do not pro-
pose to de:^cribe it formally now ; indeed, I shall
leave that and its christening to my friend Mr. Baker.
I am in this note calling attention to it for the sake
of pointing a moral.

My friend Mr. W. Besant, of the Palestine Explora-
tion Fund, kindly put me into communication with
Dr. Vastan, of Nazareth. That gentleman sent me
last July a few bulbs and roots of Irises, gathered, I
suppose, in Palestine, though I have not yet been
told the exact localities. There were in all four kinds ;
one set of bulbs were those of I. sisynachinus, another
set were of the Iris of which I am now writing ; one
set of tuberous roots were those of an Iris belonging
to the Onocyclus group, and maybe, indeed, probably
are, new. The other set of tuberous roots were
those apparently of an Iris, but from their characters
must be those of an altogether new Iris. That is to
say, of four Irises sent to me two, probably three,
are new, and that from a land which every year is
observed by hundreds of our countrymen and women,
whose stay frequently lasts through the flowering
season .

How is it that these many English travellers rarely
ever bring back from the Holy Land anything else
but common Anemones and Cyclamens when so
many known beautiful plants, and, as this letter
shows, so many unknown plants, might be brought
home, and being brought home would fill with glad-
ness the hearts of many of us ?

My friend, Canon Tristram, has put me on the
track of one or two Palestine Irises which I believe
to be quite new, and which he describes as exceed-
ingly beautiful ; and I trust before long that I shall
have them alive in this country, thanks to the kind
exertions of friends resident in Palestine. But these
and others ought by this time to have been well-
known plants, if only those who travel would remem-
ber those who are forced to stay at home. M, Foster^
Shelford^ Cambs.

|)rcl|id IJoies and ilfauinns.

Orchids at Laurie Park, Sydenham (the
residence of Augustus Sillem, Esq.). — There is a
choice collection here under the care of Mr. liilliald.
Phaius tuberculosus is also well managed in the
warmest house, growing in a bed of moist heiilthygreen
sphagnum. The conditions which command success
in the culture of this handsome Orchid are a warm
stove, a moist atmosphere, and the keeping the plants
constantly moist in a pot full of living sphagnum.
Nanodes MedusK is better managed here than I have
ever seen it anywhere else. It is grown in the cool
house suspended near the glass, and seems to be kept
moist, as the sphagnum is growing freely. Some of
the woody stems are quite 14 inches in length, well

tints on the labellum contrast well with other flowers,

7. Douglas.

Brassia antherotes. — A species with long
slender many-fiowered racemes, flowers 6 inches long
with very long narrow yellow segments spotted with
brown ; lip shorter, broad at the base, tapering at the
point. It does best in the Cattleya-house slightly
shaded. Orchid Albttin, t. 159.

Epidendrums. — This enormous genus is poor in
good ornamental species, the really first-class ones
being so few as to be counted on one's fingers. Ben-
tham has added the Barkerias to the Epidendrums — an
addition which gives a higher status to them in a
horticultural sense. E. macrochilum is perhaps the
finest of the species with short pseudobulbs, and its
variety album is even better than the type. Of course
we must not overlook the claims of the brilliantly

: /^V/''

Fig. 94. — rAi.M basket.

furnished with leaves. There is a nice batch of
Cypripedium concolor flowering in the warm house.
It is a distinct and pretty species, not often seen in
good condition. It seems allied to C. niveum, and
would require much the same cultural conditions,
Dendrobium Dearei has a large cluster of its charm-
ing white flowers. Phala^nopsis Esmeralda forms a
tall upright spike, and continues to produce a succes-
sion of its flowers for a long time. The flowers
though small have violet-purple sepals and petals,
a deep purple lip with brownish-purple wings. Onci-
dium Londesboroughianum has made capital growth,
and has produced a very handsome spike. In the
cool house Oncidium aurosum is nicely in flower ;
although it has been introduced rather plentifully
during the last twenty years, it is not often seen in
flower. It cannot be considered more than a third-
rate species, but the small bright yellow flowers with
brownish bars are pretty enough in their way. There
is a very nice lot of Zygopetalum maxillare flowering
in the cool house ; it not only flowers very freely, but
lasts a long time in good condition, and the rich blue

coloured E. vitellinum, whose colours are literally
dazzling to the eyes. E. macrochilum album is not-
withstanding a first-rate Epidendrum, its dark brown
petals and sepals, and broad white lip, with a yellow
spot at the base instead of the purple of the type,
being ornamental and a little out of the common.
Several blocks of this white lipped variety are now
bearing spikes of flowers in the Orchid-house at
Kew. A block, with a littlesphagnum moss about
the roots, and a place near the glass in the warm
house, are what this Epidendrum requires. A totally
difl'erent species is E. purum, which has Dendrobium-
like pseudobulbs crowned with long, branching,
gracefully arched racemes of white, Dendrochilum-
like flowers. In the morning these flowers have a
sweet Almond-like fragrance ; a subject for the cool
house. It is now in flower at Kew. A third species
of somewhat attractive floral characters is F„ ciliare,
an old introduction from the West Indies, with long
pseudobulbs and spikes of rather large white flowers,
or rather the conspicuous lip is white, the petals and
sepals, which are 2 inches long, being pale yellow.

October 25, 1884-]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

525

The form of the lip of this plant is rather singular.
It is divided into three lobes, the two outer ones
being half an inch wide by 2 inches long and deeply
fringed all along the outer margin ; the middle lobe is
merely a long spine-like filament. Also in flower at
Kew. K.

Small Masdevallias. — For those whose fondness
for Orchids depends upon an admiration for mere size
and brilliant colours only, the small microscopic

suggested by Dr. Reichenbach that the characters of
these little Masdevallias reveal a close relationship
between this genus and the Kestrepias, and certainly
it is easy to see a near approach in the flowers of the
above-mentioned species to Restrepia elegans and R.
antennifera. To any amateur wishing to possess a
collection of pretty little Orchids, but whose means
do not go beyond the possession of a small Wardian
case placed in a window recess, these little Masde-
vallias would prove a great source of interest and

Fio. 95. — palm basket, (see p. 524.)

species of Masdevallia have no charm. With the aid
of an ordinary pocket lens, or even with good sight
alone, by looking into the flowers of these small
plants one may find much to admire both in their
strange forms and in the beautiful nature of their
markings. Take, for instance, the rare little M.
triglochin and peer into its strange-looking horn-
tipped flower, or examine the flowers of the equally
curious species, M. trichsete, the singular M. triari-
stella — in fact any of the species belonging to this
group will, on careful examination, be found rich in
attractions both of colour and of form. It has been

delight, and with a little care there seems no reason
why they should not prove happy and grow well
under the conditions provided in such a case. The
Restrepias might be added, for, like the Masdevallias,
they do not care for bright sunlight, nor are they at
all fastidious as regards heat and moisture, preferring
little of the former and abundance of the latter. We
saw the above-mentioned species of Masdevallia in
flower at Kew a few days ago. U.

PhaL/T;N0PSIS SPECIOSA, Orchid Album, t. 158. —
This was described and figured in our volume xvii.

It requires to be grown in the East Indian-house,
shaded from the hot sun.

Orchids at Westbrook. — The collection of
Orchids at Westbrook, ShefJield, the residence of
Alfred Wilson, Esq., is one of the best and most
valuable in the district, and for years past has
been noted for its excellence. The beautiful and
refined flowers of the Orchids are greatly admired
and appreciated by Mr. Wilson, who from time to
time procures new varieties and others possessing
special merit in order to make the collection as varied
and attractive as possible. The houses devoted to
their culture are never without blossom during the
whole of the year, but it is in the summer months
that the grandest displays are made, when the house
set apart for those in bloom is well filled with
beautiful and chaste examples of various kinds.
During the season now passing away many most
excellent spikes, well filled with fine flowers, were
produced, and were much admired on account of
their great beauty. Amongst the varieties now in
flower may be mentioned Dendrobiums formosum,
giganteum, Dearei, and heterocarpum philippinense,
Cypripedium Veitchii, insigne, Sedeni, and Spicer-
ianum : the sepals of the latter are more fringed, but
not quite so long as are generally seen in this variety ;
Lycaste Skinneri, Oncidium bicolor and varicosum,
both bearing very fine spikes ; Zygopetalum Mackayi
and Gauteri — the former is very good, the lip of the
flowers being 2 inches in diameter ; Epidendrum
species, Masdevallia Davisii, Wagneriana, ignea, and
Harryana ; Laslia Dayana (two varieties), Pleione
Lagenaria, Cattleya Eldorado splendens, a charming
variety, the deep orange colour of the lip being very
striking ; Odontoglossum Rossii, Lindleyanum, Pes-
catorei, several varieties, one a beautiful white with
broad sepals and lip 2\ inches wide ; O. Alexandra,
several fine varieties, one pure white, except the yel-
low colouring of the lip, a compact specimen, similar
to O. Alex. Warneri : others have flowers 3^ inches in
diameter, the spikes carrying about a dozen blooms.
Amongst the Odontoglots are Uro-Skinneri and vexil-
larium rubellum, the latter, as its name implies, being
somewhat more pink or red than the ordinary variety.
Numerous varieties are throwing up spikes that will
give a succession of blossoms later in the year, when
flowers are more prized and better appreciated, both
on account of their scarcity and contrast to the bleak
and flowerless parterres of the outside pleasure grounds.
Westbrook is situate just in the suburbs of Sheffield,
but not sufficiently distant from the manufacturing
portion of the town to escape the showers of falling
particles of soot with which we are too familiar or the
injurious gases which the atmosphere is impregnated
with. Notwithstanding these drawbacks the head
gardener, Mr. E. Pidsley, who is greatly interested in
Orchid culture, contrives to keep them in robust
health, and to flower them in a manner that would do
credit to a much more suitable and favoured locality.
y. H. S.

GLASNEVIN.

{Concluded fro7U /. 488.)

Hardy and Half-hardy Bulus.— One of the
characteristic features of Glasnevin, seen so well
nowhere else, so far as I know, in botanical gardens, is
the luxuriant manner in which half-hardy shrubs,
bulbs, and herbaceous plants are induced to thrive
at the feet of low plant-house walls in the open air.
The Belladonna Lily has long been so grown in many
gardens (notably at Bicton), but a mere list of the
rare and beautiful plants, which not only live and
thrive, but absolutely luxuriate, in this way, would
more than fill up the space now at our command.
The following kinds are, however, of especial interest
or beauty.

Foremost of all come the Crinums, which, as here
planted in the warm and sheltered angles of the
heated plant-houses, not only form striking fine-
leaved masses, but they also bloom most profusely —
much more so, indeed, than I ever saw them do
under pot culture inside a hothouse. The kinds so
cultivated are C. Moorei, C. amabile, C. Powelli,
C. longifolium, C. longifolium album, and one or
two others. Of course all intelligent gardeners are
aware that the late Dean Herbert made quite a
speciality of this genus, raising several hybrid varie-
ties, and he was one of the first to cultivate them
successfully in the open air. That " all real pro-
gress is slow," is a truism particularly exact as applied
to cultural matters in our gardens, and so notwith-

526

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[n. TO rR 9;, l';S4,

standing all that the worthy Dean of Manchester told
us, we are even yet quite liraid at planting out our
Crinums and Amaryllis in sheltered sunny places.
Years ago I saw big clumps of these plants luxu-
riant and floriferous at the late Sigismund Ruckei's
garden at West Hill, Wandsworth ; and even
to-day a friend tells me of the beds of Vallota
purpurea and Japan Lilies, which grow and bloom
year alter year at Muckross Abbey, near to that Eden
of the West, ycIept_KiIlarney ; but nowhere else, so
far as I know, can Crinums be seen growing and
blooming so luxuriantly out-of-doors as they can at
Glasnevin.

Among other rare plants here is the old Lobelia
(Tupa) Feuillei, and just now its hoary leaves are
topped by spires of dark red blossoms. Kniphofia
(Tritoma) caulescens here grows and flowers in full
perfection, and the golden blotched form of Abutilon
vexillarium is quite hardy, and flowers quite freely
along with such plants as Dietes Huttonii, Tricyrtis
hirta. Arum crinitura, and Jaborosa integtifolia.
Tropajolum polyphyllum is here most luxuriant, pro-
ducing a profusion of golden flowers on a creeping
mass of glaucous foliage. Rodgersia podophylla and
its giant relative, Saxifraga peltata, are alike effective ;
and that rare Crucifer, Megacarpea polyandra, grows
and blossoms freely. Another rare plant, this time a
Poppywort, Romneya Coulteri, a shrubby species with
glaucous leaves and great white blossoms, four to six
inches across, has flowered freely on a sunny wall
during the past summer. Like Fremontia californica
and other quick growing flowering shrubs of similar
habits, this Romneya is liable to be short-lived.
Another rare herbaceous plant which blossoms well
here is Dicentra chrysantha. The outdoor plant de-
partment and reserve garden is in charge of Mr.
Parnell, who has been here many years, having with
the indoor foreman Mr. Pope, been originally a pupil
and journeymen under the late Dr. Moore.

The Reserve Garden. — The little triangular
walled-in garden (popularly known to initiated visitors
as the "lock-up") is one of the especial features of
the open-air garden at Glasnevin. It is interesting
all the year round, and is used as a trial ground or
nursery garden for rare plants and novelties, as well
as for old-fashioned garden flowers long forgotten,
but which are now being cherished and admired.
Here in this sheltered place come the earliest Snow-
drops and Squills, Crocus and Anemones ; here also
are great clumps of Cypripedium spectabile and of
fine forms of some of the most showy native Orchids.
The Kilmarnock Orchis, the spike of which maybe
likened to the inflorescence of a tropical Saccolabium
in size, is here vigorous every year, as also is the
early claret-coloured form of O. maculata and several
other showy varieties not generally to be met with in
a state of successful cultivation. The central portion
of this garden is divided into nursery beds of rare or
curious shrubs and trees of various kinds, but the
borders around by the old grey walls are richly
enamelled with hardy flowers and bulbs in their
season. A very complete collection of Christmas
and Lenten Roses are grown here, and there are also
complete collections of Narcissus, Iris, Saxifrage, and
Lilium. All the American Lilies are quite at home,
md the rich claret-coloured bells of L. martagon
CalaneK are borne thirty to forty together on great
spiring stems 7 feet high or more.

The new Montbretias are most floriferous here, and
he Norch American Saxifraga peltata grows most
luxuriantly, as also does its Japanese relative, the
" Bror.ze Leaf" (Rodgersia podophylla). Garrya
macrophylla forms a healthy mass of leafage on the
wall. Ilere and there also are some choice old Roses
and Ivies, and it is within the charmed circle of this
little garden that Dicentra chrysantha and the Cali-
fornian Poppy-bush (Romneya Coulteri) does so well.
Tropajolum polyphyllum wanders about here on sunny
beds and alleys at its own sweet will. This pleasaunce
is bounded on its longest side by the well known
Glasnevin Cemetery, the old Ivy-clad watch towers
of which form interesting objects, being also monu-
rsents of the time when body-snatching was the usual
manner in which anatomical subjects were obtained.
The tradition is that in each tower watchmen, with
their bloodhounds and blunderbus, kept watch and
ward over the dead sleepers. This tradition may be
true or not, but even to-day, while we admire the
satin-like petals of the Romneya, the wail of a
widowed mourner comes like the shriek of a Banshee
as borne on the autumnal breeze.

In conclusion, we may point out that in recent
years Mr. F. W. Moore, the energetic Curator, has
made many important additions and improvements,
and most ably fiils the influential position his respected
father, the late Dr. Moore, held for so many years
before him. At present the garden (although originally
founded by the Royal Dublin Society) is for the most
part under Government control. To the people of
DubUn it is peculiarly interesting, historically and
otherwise, and thousands of visitors throng its grassy
slopes and wander through the plant-houses during
the summer season. As a really picturesque botanical
garden it has but few rivals, and the garden-loving
visitor to Ireland who fails to include Glasnevin
among the sights to be seen will have missed a floral
welcome such as but few other places of the kind can
offer at all seasons. F. W. Burliidge.

APPLE TOM PUTT.

In last week's issue I observed a slight notice of the
well known West of England Apple, Tom Putt, and
I think it may be interesting to some of your readers
to know a little more concerning this, or more properly
these Apples. There are five varieties known in
Somerset and Devon under the name of Tom Putt,
namely, Colbrook, Old Scarlet, Spicy, White, and
Green Tom Putt. The three former are the most
useful kinds, although the two latter are good for
kitchen purposes. These Apples are, correctly speak-
ing, of Devonshire origin, although Somerset is
credited by some with being their native county.

I find on inquiry that the Colbrook, which is the
oldest of the group, has been cultivated in Devonshire
for upwards of 100 years, and was either raised by
Sir Thomas Putt, of Gittisham, near Honiton, Devon,
in the parish church of which is a monument erected
to his memory, or by the Rev. Thos. Putt, rector of
the same parish, and afterwards, from 1S02 to 1835,
rector of Ryme Intrinsica, near Yeovil, Somerset. It
is generally the latter gentleman who is credited with
being the raiser, but probably Sir Thomas had also
something to do with it.

I hav6 given the description of the three best and
most useful kinds taken from fruits growing in Mr.
Scott's nurseries at Merriott, and feel no hesitation in
saying they are some of the most useful and best
Apples in cultivation. They are very largely grown
in the three counties of Devon, Dorset, and Somerset,
both as cider and as keeping Apples.

Tom Pull, Colbrook. — First size, first quality (either
as a dessert or cooking sort). September to Decem-
ber. Form roundish oblate, irregular in outline,
obscurely and irregularly ribbed ; wide in the middle,
and narrowing towards each end. Skin pale yellow
when ripe, but almost covered with fine dark crimson ;
much striped and splashed with deeper shades of the
same colour. Stalk very short, and set in a deep,
wide, irregular and shallow cavity, slightly russeted.
Eye large, nearly closed, and set in a wide corrugated
and generally shallow basin. Flesh white, crisp,
rich and juicy, with a nice pleasant acidity.

Tom Pull, OU Scarlet.— ¥\tsi size, first quality,
especially lor cooking. November to February.
Form oblate to dome-shaped, broad at the base, very
even, smooth and regular in outline, and equal in
size. Skin golden-yellow, but generally so thickly
covered with dark brilliant crimson that very little of
the yellow is visible. The base of the fruit is thinly
covered with large, light, russety specks, which
become thicker and smaller as ihey approach the
crown, the whole covered with a beautiful bluish
bloom. Stalk very short and thick, set in a very
wide, deep, regular and rough russety cavity ; the
dark rough russet radiating over the base. Eye
rather small for the size of the fruit, with long reflexed
segments, generally closed, and placed in a rather
shallow, wide and ribbed basin. Flesh white, tender,
rich and very juicy, with a refreshing flavour. This
variety is almost without a rival in form and beauty,
the nearest approaching to it being Hoary Morning.

Tom Pitlt, Spicy. — V\xA to second size, first
quality, November to March. Form dome-shaped,
even and regular in form, but variable in size, beauti-
ful and handsomely formed. Skin orange-yellow, but
almost covered with dark crimson, interlined and
mottled, with the orange ground and tracings of light
russet. Stalk in some Iruits short and thick, in others
about I inch long, thin, and protruding beyond the
base, set in an even, wide, and deep cavity, lined
with rough russet. Eye nearly closed and placed in

an even, smooth, small, and shallow basin, or nearly
level. Flesh yellowish, slightly tinged with red, and
when cut transversely the seed cases show a regular
star, surrounded by ten crimson rpecks (in the Old
Scarlet variety these specks are eleven in number, and
greenish ; whilst in the Colbrook variety they hardly
appear), juicy, rich, and perfumed with a nice spicy
flavour. W. R.

ilanta and i\\t\\ m\i^i,

Stoves. — Fine-foliage Plants. — The numerous
genera of these habitants of the stove are very orna-
mental, and render the house attractive, especially so
during the winter, when vegetation out-of-doors has
so few attractions. Unless the house devoted to their
culture be of considerable dimensions it is not advis-
able to encourage too much, plants that grow to a
large size, as the effect produced is not nearly so good
and variety is not so easily to be had, because of the
room they occupy. Small sized specimens of healthy
and vigorous growth are greatly to be preferred, unless
plants are required for exhibition purposes. When a
plant has reached its full growth, having regard to the
house wherein it has been grown, the same can, per-
haps, be used for a season or so in the conservatory,
at the same time pushing on a duplicate of smaller
size to take its place. It will pay to contrive to keep
any suitable plant of large size when there is any such
prospect in view as that just named, for another
summer season. Unless such be the case we would
either dispose of them in the way of business, or, failing
that, consign them to the rubbish-heap, rather than
spoil the many for the sake of the few.

Some plants that have become overgrown can be
considerably reduced in size for the winter season.
Specimens of the Marantas could, if necessary, have
one-half of their foliage removed ; Alocisias could be
gone over, and have the older leaves thinned out
freely, afterwards drawing them into closer compass
with a few sticks. Large plants of Dieft'enbachias,
after they have been kept dry at the root for a lime,
could be cut down — when performing this operation,
however, be careful not to let either the knife or the
shoots come into contact with the mouth, or an un-
pleasant sensation will be produced — and kept dor-
mant during the winter. Aralias could be treated
in a similar way, keeping watch for the appear-
ance of young shoots, and then giving the plants all
the light possible. Cupania filicifolia is a handsome
foliage plant that is not grown nearly so much as it
deserves to be. It can be safely wintered in a warm
conservatory if there is not room in the stove. Every
second or third season it will require to be cut down,
but previous to doing this it will be the safer plan to
withhold water for some weeks, the plant being di>
posed to bleed pretty freely, and this loss of sap will
tend to weaken the young growth,

When potting this plant the propagation of a
fresh stock should be attempted from some o( the
roots of fair size that can be safely spared. Cyano-
phyllums and Sphsrogynes take up an extra amout.t
of room to grow them to perfection, and where they
are now becoming tall, we would advise the tops to
be taken otT, and the larger leaves to be removed,
relying on a young stock being obtained from later.-^l
shoots. Overgrown Crotons will not pay for cutting
down and waiting for fresh growths to refurnish ihem,
but rather secure some of the most promising shoots
for the propating-pit, and dispense with the old
plants. Growths from 1 to 2 feet will readily strike in
a brisk heat. Theophraslas and Rhopalas when
becoming too tall can be treated in a similar way as
advised for the Cupania. The propagation of the
Rhopalas can at the same time be secured by
cuttings. Acalyphas will be useful perhaps to do a
turn at furnishing for awhile, their foliage looking
well by artificial light ; the same, too, can be used
with effect for dishing up the dessert on special occa-
sions when Vine leaves have become scarce. If the
Cycads are wintered in the stove, it will be possible
perhaps to dispense with a whorl or two of the oldest
leaves, thus making rather more room for other
things.

By various contrivances much may be made of the
room at one's disposal, ihe old adage, '* Necessity is
the mother of invention," being very applicable to
those who endeavour in gardening to extract the

OcTorsR 15, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

527

Utmost out of the space at command, and that some-
times under disadvantageous circumstances. Whilst
oveihauling the stock of stove plants, and previous to
re-arranging them, it will be advisable to thoroughly
wash and cleanse the same. Now is the time for a
vigorous onslaught against the mealy-bug where any
exists. When once an insecticide has proved to be
efficacious we advise its continued use ; this is far
better than changing from one kind to another. We
have for years past kept to the " Chelsea Blight Com-
position," finding it to answer our purpose admirably.
With it we mastered this fpcst of our hothouses
entirely. Whether this or any other mixture be used,
it is always best to proceed with caution in making up
the mixture ; do not at first go beyond the printed
directions, but gradually increase the strength when
it is found to be necessary. We have used it 50 per
cent, stronger than was recommended when employed
against bug and white-scale, and always found it to
answer. At this strength any insecticide should be
effectual or it is not worth its price.

Between killing the insects we have named and
injuring the plants by the application there is but ft
narrow margin, it is therefore highly essential to be
careful in the mixture, not but that we would rather
run the risk of injury to the plant than not to kill
these insect parasites outright. All plants with large
foliage that cannot be conveniently laid over a trough
and syringed should be gone over carefully with a
soft sponge, for which purpose the mixture that is
being used will hardly ever require to be even of
the strength recommended for the same by the
vendors. In order to keep in check any aphis or
thrips that may have escaped notice, an occasional
fumigation will be advisable. These insects should
not, however, be very troublesome whilst the fires
have not to be pushed more than at the present time
in order to maintain an average stove temperature.

Keep a watchful eye on all bulbous and tuberous
rooted plants that have died down ; the Caladiums
are one of the first genus to sufter if allowed to be
even a few days in a cool-house during the winter.
A temperate-house will safely protect the Gloxinias
and Achimenes, from which also they will start into
growth more kindly in the spring when needed to be
pushed. Should either of these class of plants be
kept in a more than usually dry place, an occasional
watering with tepid water will be beneficial rather
than to run the risk of injury from excessive drought.
Jamfs Hutison^ Gunnersbury House GardenSt Acton^
W., October 21,

*J*^-F^UITg ^ND£F( ^QlA33.

— . — •

Pines. — Where the plants need rearrangement in
any department no time should be lost in giving it
attention ; it is a pretty general practice to replunge
successional plants either about this time or imme-
diately previous to starling them at the commence-
ment o( the new year, but other than moving such as
show their fruits prematurely — a fault, if it may be so
termed, which Smooth Cayennes and Charlotte Roths-
childs are liable to in the autumn, particularly those
that are strong through being propagated the previous
autumn, and filling their places with substitutes — we
seldom shift them from the time they are potted into
their fruiting pots until their fruit is gathered, for
however carefully gone about, it is impossible to
replunge fully grown plants without injuring them,
and if such pots as diverge from the perpendicular,
as well as the defects in the plunging material, can be
rectified — as in our case they can be, through the beds
being only of sufficient width to contain three rows
of plants — the operation and its consequences may be
avoided, providing the bottom-heat is derived from
artificial means, otherwise it will be expedient to
turn and replenish the beds with fermenting material,
so that the required temperature may be kept up.
This turning of beds calls for discretion, so as to pre-
vent violent heating, and where leaves are employed
only those that have done service a season for some
other purpose should be used. Successional plants
having been brought to their suitable winter tempe-
rature— viz., 60° at night and 65° to 70° by day, which
may each be allowed to fall 5° during severe frost;,
and a bottom-heat of 78° to So° — will now need great
care in watering to keep the soil at the roots mode-
rately moist, the uniformity of which will be greatly
assisted if the plunging material is likewise kept moist.
Atmospheric humidity should be promoted by damp-
ing the walls and floors with tepid water, and although
this must not be excessive, a parched air should not
on any account be allowed. In mild weather when the
temperature reaches 70*, a little air should be admitted.
The above remarks apply likewise to suckers, the
only exception being that the temperature of the air

may range about 3° lower. We may remark that
the fear of over-watering during the winter months
sometimes ends in the plants being kept injuriously
dry, especially the suckers, which are sometimes left
uDwatered until their roots shrivel to such an extent as
to cause repropagation needful ; and with the inex-
perienced this is possible, before any indication of in-
jury is seen in the foliage. All sections of plants
should be kept well up to the glass which, if dirty,
should be washed so that the light, which is so essen-
tial during winter to maintain health, is not diminished.
Fruiting plants should be afforded a compartment
well provided with means of beating, so that a mini-
mum atmospheric temperature of 65", and a bottom
one of about S5', may be preserved in cold weather,
without unduly driving the fires. Slight ventilation
should be given when the sun causes the thermometer
to exceed So*, while overhead syringing may be dis-
continued otherwise the crowns may enlarge to an
unsightly degree ; the plants must however be daily
syringed between when the weather is fine, and the
floors be damped to promote moisture, which if
accompanied with the proper watering of the plants
with tepid guano-water, will cause the fruits to
make good progress. The present is a suitable
season for securing enough soil to meet a year's
demand ; the kind in which the Pine thrives best
was described in the Calender for January 19.

Strawberries. — The progress of the plants as
far as leaf growth is concerned has now about come
to an end, but it must be borne in mind that although
this stage is reached, the roots are fresh, and it is
very important that they should be preserved in this
state by being properly supplied with water when the
rainfall is insufiicient to keep the balls of soil well
moistoned, otherwise success will be doubtful.
Weeds should be removed from the pots carefully, so
that the soil and surface roots of the plant are dis-
turbed as little as possible, and late plants should
be afforded situation a where they can reap the full
benefit of the sun. A suitable place must be pro-
vided before severe frosts occur in which to winter
the plants. The unsatisfactory results occasioned
through stacking them is now very generally known,
and the practice is seldom advocated or followed, yet
it may be well to caution the inexperienced about it,
as well as to point out the advantage of plunging the
pots in cold-pits, in cocoa-nut refuse, coal ashes, or
leaves ; where they can be conveniently watered, and
protected from inclement weather, or exposed when
the weather is favourable. Where such convenience
does not exist, the plants maybe plunged in the open,
but should rest on a well-drained foundation, and
bracken or straw with which to cover them during
spells of sharp frosts, should be kept in readiness for
that purpose.

Vines. — Where ripe Grapes are required in May,
an early house, if not already put in order for forcing,
should be prepared without delay, and be closed early
in the ensuing month, when the borders, if they
require it, should be well watered at a temperature of
85^ to go"*. The temperature should range near 50^
at night, varying according to external conditions, and
5° to 10° more during the day, which may rise to 65°
from sun-heat, when a little air should be admitted.
A well moistened atmosphere must be maintained and
the rods be syringed with tepid rain-water several
times daily, so that the buds may be thus softened
and assisted to burst, they must not, however, be
allowed to remain saturated and should not be damped
late in the day. A ridge of fresh leaves with some stable
litter mixed with it, placed in the house, is a desir-
able and frequently recommended medium for promot-
ing genial humidity, as well as saving other artificial
heat ; and where its appearance is not objected to, and
it can be made use of, it should be turned daily so that
the fullest extent of its assistance may be derived. It
is not consistent with good practice to give the roots
of early forced Vines the run of external borders, but
where this is the case no time should be lost in
covering the border with a thick coating of leaves,
dry litter, or bracken, protecting it with sashes or
shutters. Although we sometimes grow and fruit pot
Vines we do not depend upon them for a supply of
fruit, and make it a rule to close a house of permanent
Vines about November I. The house is well supplied
with the requisite hot-water pipes, and its situation is
sheltered, moreover, its border — an inside one — is
also provided with pipes ; we are, however, no advo-
cates for these, and consider them unnecessary ; and,
moreover, great care and watchfulness are wanted in
order to prevent injury being done by them, and they
should not be wanted after the laterals have made a free
start. Vines in successional houses should be pruned
and cleaned as soon as they are in a fit condition ; it
is a mistake to neglect this after the foliage falls, as
there is no such thing as absolute resting in Vines,
and consequently the longer they are left unpruned
after they are ready for the operation, so will their

energies be wasted upon the lateral growihj. The
borders will alsuneed attention to keep them properly
moistened. The continuance of extraordinary fine
weather causes ripe (irapes to kt-ep particularly well
with ordinary care this season. Tlioinas Cooniver, The
Thndrc Gaidius, Moniiiouth,

|l"! \^h liuil |«>'''1«'

All the remainder of the late Pears may now be
gathered, choosing a fine, dry, sunny day to ^et them
in, and let only sound fruit be stored away together,
carefully naming each kind as they are carried to the
fruit-room. Any fruit which is specky had best be
put away by themselves for immediate use. The
Medlar and Quince may also be gathered ; the latter
is sometimes made into marmalade, and is also used
to give a flavour to Apple-tarts, which it is thought
to improve. Walnuts ought now to be knocked
down, and those which free themselves from the husk
are fit for immediate use, but those which are firm
can be put away singly in a rather dry place, when
they will shell out of themselves.

Nearly all the late ripening Apples had belter be
gathered and housed ; then look carefully, and note
if there is sufficient for the supply of the family, and
if there is a deficiency it should be made good while
the price is reasonable.

Frequently look over the stores, and remove any
decaying or specky fruit, remembering that "dead
flies caused the ointment of ihc apothecary to send
forth a stinking savour."

November is the best month of all the year to
plant fruit trees, and now is the best time to
choose the trees, and decide what and where to plant
them, and to assist in this matter I would speak
first of the kitchen garden walls. Those with a south
aspect should be given to Figs, Apricots, Peaches,
and late Pears; on the east walls plant Cherries;
west walls do well for fine dessert Plums and mid-
season Pears, especially those which are of a large
size, which would be blown from standard trees before
they are ripe ; and the north walls should be planted
with late Pluras, late Cherries, and Morellos.
But I would dwell upon a very common mis-
take, which is, mixing up different kinds together ;
so keep the Figs together, the Pears by themselves,
the Cherries altogether, and so on ; this looks better,
and is much more convenient. Another grave
mistake is deep planting : seeing that for years after the
trees are planted the borders are subject to being
raised by manure and other dressings, it behoves one
to keep the tree tolerably near the surface of the
border at planting time. If the soil is a stiff loam
plant the Pears on the Quince stock, but not other-
wise. The piers of the walls may be planted with
Pears on the Quince stock; they will fruit directly and
can be kept to their space by root-pruning : and in
some cases the Sweetwater and Black Cluster Grapes
can also be planted there — in very favourable seasons
they will ripen and their leaves are useful for gar-
nishing.

A great mistake is often made even in arranging
new gardens ; the fruit tree borders are not sufficiently
deep. Seeing that the borders are always cropped, and
as often as twice or three times in a year, it is quite
necessary that the border should not be less than
2 feet deep, and if it is 3 feet all the better ; and pro-
vided the drainage is good the trees will not be so
likely to find their way to the subsoil, and will there-
fore continue healthy and be more fruitful. Subjoined
is a list of those kinds which I can recommend, the
major part of which are growing in the garden here
and do well, 400 feet above the sea. They are arranged
in the order of their ripening, and are worthy of a
place on the walls. For a south aspect I recommend —
Pears : Doyenne du Cornice, Glou Morceau, L'ln-
connue, Tos.ephine de Malines, Jean de Wllte, Berga-
motte d'Espercn, Beurre Sterckmans, Btzi Vaet,
Winter Nelis, Ne Plus Meuris, Dachesse de Bor-
deaux, Beurie de [onghe, Knight's Monarch, Marie
Benoist, Chaumontelle, Gliver de Serres, Madame
Millet, Van de Weyer Bates, Direcleur Alphand,
On a west wall — Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess,
Napoleon, Doyenne Boussoch, Louise Bonne of
Jersey, Thompson's, Van Mons, Vineuse, British
Queen, Beurre Hardy, Gansel's Bergamotlc, Zephe-
rin Grcgoire, Passe Colmar, Of Cherries, the kinds
preferred are Belle d'Orleans, Black Eagle, Knight's
Early Black, Early Lyons, Frogmore Early Bigarteau,
Ohio Beauty, Noir de Schmidt, Bedford Prolific. Joe-
o-Sot, Frogmore Late Bigarreau, Bigarreau Grosse
Cceur, Florence. The Figs which bear in great
quantities here are Brown Turkey, Castle Kennedy,
Brunswick, and While Marseilles. It is needless to
say that Peaches and Apricots require a south wall,
and, except in favoured localities, the former are best
covered with glass. In my next I shall speak of
orchards, and the trees and kinds most desirable for
them. 7. Rttsit Eridge Caslie, Sussex,

528

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

f Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroc & Morris'
Monday, Oct a? \ Rooms.

I Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
rSale of Roses and Bulbs, and of Estab-
lished Orchids, at Prothcroe & Morris'
Rooms.
< Sale ot 5000 Lilium auratum from Japan, at
1 Stevens' Rooms.

Royal Horticultural Society's Monthly Show
I (three days).
r Sale of Plants, at Pounce's Nursery, Hen-

Idon, by Protheroe & Morris.
Clearance Sale of Nursery Stock, at
J Ewinfi's Nursery, Norwich, by Protheroe
1 & Morris (two days).

I Sale of Liliura auratum and Roses, at
Prothcroe & Morris' Rooms.
LSaleof Bulbs, &c., at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Orchids, Tree Ferns, &c. , at

Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe fi: Morris'
Rooms
,-i„, _, f Sale of Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris'
*^^^' 3' j Rooms.

iSaie of Hardy Bulbs, Plants. &c., at
Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.

Oct. :

WEDNESDAY, Oct ag

Thursday, Oct,

Saturday, Nov.

L ;
:.3c.j.

DR. SCHLICH'S report on Forest Admin-
istration IN British India for the
year 1SS2 — 1SS3 is very encouraging. The
revenue has increased rapidly, probably from
the destruction of private forests — not alto-
gether an unmixed advantage, but one likely to
increase in proportion as railroad enterprise
extends.

" Forest estates," says Dr. Schlich, " are
properties requiring special and peculiar treat-
ment, and in this respect they differ widely
from land under ordinary cultivation. In the
case of forests the produce of a particular year
cannot, as a rule, be removed at once, but has
generally to be kept for many years before it
becomes fit for the special purpose for which it
is wanted. The forest officer thus becomes
trustee of considerable capital, on which he
may, by overworking the forest, make inroads
for a long period without the fact coming to
the knowledge of the Government, or becoming
even apparent to himself, unless a careful
account is kept of the growing stock, and sales
are duly regulated with reference to the capa-
bilities of the forest and its powers of reproduc-
tion. As regards the latter point, special care
must be taken to effect a restocking of all areas
cleared for the market in the shortest time
practicable. Where circumstances are favour-
able, this may be done in the natural way ; but
under unfavourable circumstances planting and
sowing must be undertaken to augment the
efforts of Nature, in order to prevent loss of time
and a reduction of the possible yield of the
forest. All these things demand that a strict
control should be exercised over the working of
the Government forests, and this can only be
done by means of working plans, which should
be prepared at first for the more important
areas, but eventually for all forests.

" A working plan deals with all points con-
nected with the management of a forest, amongst
which the following are the most important ; it
ascertains — (i) The stock on the ground at' a
particular time ; (2) the annual increase of the
stock ; (3) the quantity of material which may
be removed annually ; and (4) it arranges for
the proper and immediate restocking of all
areas cleared for the supply of the market.

" The degree of accuracy required in the col-
lection of the data for a working plan depends
chiefly upon the market value of the produce
and the demands made on a particular forest.
Where that demand equals, or even exceeds, the
possible yield, the work must be done with the
greatest minuteness, and everything must be
arranged so as to obtain the highest yield which
the forest is capable of returning under the
most careful management. Where, on the
other hand, the demand is as yet below the
ordinary capability of the forest, a more rough
procedure may be followed."

Forest conservancy in India is considered to
be secure — a result that has not been arrived
at without considerable opposition on the part
of the natives, accustomed as they have been to
roam at will through the forests, and to fell

timber on no other principle than that of their
own convenience for the moment. This suicidal
policy was not checked for a long time, from the
unwillingness of the officials to interfere un-
necessarily with native rights and prejudices.
The courseof procedure for the future is laid down
by Dr. SCHLICH in the following words :— " To
derive the greatest possible benefit from these
estates with the smallest possible inconveni-
ence to the natives." The report further con-
tains a summary account of the work done in
the various provinces of India, and a series of
valuable tables showing the expenditure and
receipts for nineteen years.

The reports for the Madras Presidency indi-
cate a period of transition and reorganisation,
the southern circle, comprising eleven districts
and fifteen " forest charges," being placed
under Major Campbell Walker ; the northern
circle, with ten districts, under Mr. Gamble.
The latter gentleman complains that he is called
upon for information and for specimens of bees,
cochineal, and silk — matters which have little
real connection with forest work. "The
Board," however, administers a gentle snub,
and lay down their dictum that such matters
are not outside the range of a forest officer's
duty ; as such a " revenue officer has peculiarly
good opportunities of reporting fully on such
matters." It would seem from this that a
" revenue officer " may be called upon to deal
with any actual or possible source of revenue
irrespective of his special duties — to make him-
self useful, in fact.

Fruit and Vegetable Show. — We are

informed that the exhibition which will be held on
Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday next in the con-
servatory of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
the last of the series of most successful meetings
which have been held in connection with the Inter-
national Health Exhibition, will be of more than
usual interest and extent. It has been decided by the
authorities to allow it to remain open until the close
of the " Healtheries " at 10 o'clock, p.m., on Thurs-
day, the 30th inst. All exhibits to be removed on
Friday morning, October 31.

Blenheim. — We understand that extensive

improvements are going on in the gardens at Blen-
heim ; all the existing plant and fruit houses are
being thoroughly renovated and altered, so far as
necessary, to bring them up to the requirements of
the present day, including a re-arrangement of the
beating. Over a dozen new plant-houses are to be
erected, with an excellent suite of rooms for the men.
The grounds in the vicinity of the mansion are to be
altered considerably, so as to do away with some of
the abrupt slopes in that quarter. The Duke of
MARLBOKOt;GH has appointed Mr. G. A. Bethell,
recently in Baron Nathaniel Rothschild's garden
at Vienna, and previously at Baron Alphonse
Rothschild's princely establishment at Ferrieres, to
take charge of the gardens at Blenheim, and under
his supervision the alterations are being carried out.

A Dictionary of English Names of

Plants "applied in England and among English-
speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees,
and shrubs," by Wm, Miller, will shortly be
published by Mr, John Murray.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent

Institution. — A letter before us, from a gentleman
who has for many years been a subscriber, is not
pleasant reading, but we insert it in the hope that it
may stir up that large section of gardeners who have
done nothing to help their companions, but who leave
the work to be done by the few of their own profes-
sion and by outsiders who have many other claims on
their liberality. " I do not care to help those who
can, and will not help themselves. During thirty-
three years here I have not been able to persuade any
of my head gardeners to contribute to the society
established for their benefit ; so please strike my name
from the list of your subscribers. "

A Queen's Bouquet. — According to the

Illustration Horticole, a bouquet recently presented to
the Queen of the Belgians comprised no fewer than

sixty-five species derived from the well-stocked stoves
of the Compagnie Continentale d'Horticulture,

M. Luddemann's Orchids.— This famous

collection, which was sold in its entirety at Paris
lately, has passed into the hands of M. le Due de
Massa, of Foucauville, for the sum of i6,Soo francs,
probably considerably less than would have been
obtained had the collection been divided into lots.

H/emanthus Katherin.'E. — A hne species,

native of Natal, with lateral flower-stalks and broad
oblong acute leaves, with canvas-like venation. The
scarlet flowers are in terminal globose umbels, each
with a narrow tube ij inch long, and a limb 2 inches
across, with linear, obtuse, spreading segments, and
long protruding stamens. The plant was originally
described in the Gardeners' Chronicle, vol, vii., 1877,
p. 656, and is figured in the Botanical Magazine,
t. 677S.

New Orleans Exhibition.— The Horti-
cultural Hall is, we learn, 600 feet in length and 194
feet wide through its centre. It is the largest con-
servatory in the world. It is substantially built as a
durable structure, becoming, by arrangement with
the city, a permanent feature of the Park. It is
located on high ground in the midst of live-Oak
groves. Surmounting the centre is a magnificent
tower, 90 feet high, roofed with glass. Beneath this
tower, in constant play, is a grand fountain. Twenty
thousand plates of fruit, double the amount ever before
displayed at any exposition, will be shown on tables
extending through the hall. Around the hall will be
arranged an infinite variety of rare tropical and semi-
tropical plants, flowers and shrubbery. There is a
tropical hothouse, 250 feet long by 25 feet wide, in
which the most delicate flowers from the far South
will be nurtured and made to bloom in their most
brilliant perfection. Tropical fruits in the various
stages of growth will be exhibited. Fruits of every
section and the productions of all seasons will, by
arrangements for stated supplies and thorough pro-
cesses of cold storage, be available for exhibit. The
most eminent horticulturists of the United States
are engaged in arranging and perfecting the display.
Cash premiums to the amount of 32,000 dols., are
oifered in this department, and contributions to its
exhibits from Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies and the different States of the Union will be
unprecedentedly large and varied. The Exhibition
opens on December i, and will close on May i.

Saxifraga aquatica,— A stately Pyrenean

species, also found in the mountains of Corsica. It
has very broad channelled leaf-stalks, supporting
roundish palmately-lohed hairy leaves. The nume-
rous white flowers are arranged along the sides of
tall erect flower-stalks. It is figured in the Garten-
flora, t. 1 167.

Chrysanthemum ciNERARiyiiFOLiuM. —

This plant is figured in the Botanical Magazine, tab.
6781, October 1884, and from which we learn that it
is the plant which yields the famous Dalmatian insecti-
cide powder now so universally used, and the flowers
of which are said to be the most valuable product of
its native country, where it is also cultivated. It
must not be confounded with the Caucasian insecti-
cide Pyrethrum roseum, which is cultivated in France.
A very valuable paper by G. B. Loring, on the
cultivation in the United States of both these insecti-
cides, with copious notes on the mode of applica-
tion of their powder and preparations of it to insects
that infest plants, is given in the report of the
United States Commission of Agriculture. From
this document it appears that the powder of both
species is valuable as a general insecticide, specially
in solution, but that it is not a universal remedy, and
has serious disadvantages. Of the advantages the most
notable is, that is it a specific in the case of aphides,
house flies, and musquitos, or gnats, and if used with
a pair of ordinary bellows, is very effectual in killing
the commoner insects that infest plants in rooms and
houses. The powder burnt is not disagreeable to
smell, and is very effectual in rooms, wardrobes, and
greenhouses. The alcoholic extract of the powder
diluted in water, the simple solution in water, and
the decoction in water, are all most useful in cases
where the powder may be less effectually applied.
The disadvantages are, that the result is not perma-
nent ; after half an hour insects may reappear on the
plants that had been cleared, and be unhurt. Again,

The Gardeners' Chronicle,!

Fig. 96. — VIEWS ix the glasnevin botanic garden, (see p. 525.)
A, Old Palm-house. B, New Palm-house. c. Economic Museum. d, Interior of Pahn-house.

[October 25, 1884.

530

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1884.

actual contact with the insect is necessary in the open
ait ; and powdering the upper surTace of the leaf has
no effect on an insect on the under-side. More im-
portant still are the facts that it has no eflect on
insect eggs, or hard chrysalis, on beetles with hard
elytra, and on the vast class of Ilemiptera (true
bugs), whilst hairy caterpillars and spiders are proof
against it. Hymenoptera, again, quickly succumb
to its effects. The C, cinerarixfolium is an old in-
habitant of botanic gardens, but it has not been
known till comparatively recently that it is the source
of the Dalmatian insecticide.

OrTHOCARPUS PURPt;RASCENS.— This is a

curious and pretty (Californian annual, introduced
by Haage cS: Schmidt, with finely divided leaves,
like those of an Eschschollzia, the tips of the upper-
most being tinted with violet. The figure in the
Gartenflora, t. 1 166, does not show the nature of the
flower clearly.

The Horticultural Club.— The first

meeting and dinner of the Club in their new quar-
ters, I, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, (Covent
Garden Hotel), was held on Tuesday the i+lh
inst. There was a large attendance, including
the Rev. T. FlintofT and T. H. Gall, Pro-
fessor Michael Foster, Messrs. B. S. Williams,,
Geo. Deal, William Bull, J. S. Cousins, James Cut-
bush, H. M. StoUenhoft", H. Briscoe Ironsides, A.
Bull, C. T. Druery, H. J. Adams, H. Baldvyin, J.
Wood Ingram, Shirley Hibberd, &c. Much satisfac-
faction was expressed at the arrangements which had
been made. Some interesting plants were shown,
notably the remarkable form of Scolopendrium Kel-
wayi, by Mr. StoUenhoft', and a remarkable form
of Blechnum spicant, by Mr. Druery. Mr. Bald-
win, of Corner Hall, Hemel Hempsted, contributed
ten varieties of Grapes grown in one house, including
Golden Champion, Muscat of Alexandria, Foster's
Seedling, Mrs. Pince's Muscat, Buckland Sweet-
water, Duke of Buccleuch. These were all in excel-
lent condition. The Secretary also contributed some
excellent examples of Doyenne' du Cornice and Comte
de Lamy— the two best October Pears grown. A
pleasant and interesting evening was spent, and many
good wishes for the prosperity of the Club were
expressed. Two new members were admitted.

Alphabetical Catalogue of Lilies. —

A Belgian Lily amateur, who does not wish his name
to be published, has issued a synonymic catalogue of
Lilies, All the synonyms are arranged in alphabetical
order, and referred to their proper species. Such a
catalogue will be very useful to all of us, both
botanists and cultivators, for one cannot always re-
member on the spur of the moment to what species
the numerous names that have been employed at
one time or another belong. The botanical part is
based on Mr. Baker's paper, which we published in
1S75. With references and explanatory notes the
catalogue spieads out to forty-five pages. It is
entitled Table alphahcliqiic des esj>aes d ties prin-
cipales varietes du genre Lis, and it is printed at
Gind by C. Annoot Brackman.

National Chrysanthemum Society. —

The second meeting of the Floral Committee of
this Society was held on Thursday evening last
week, at the "Old Four Swans" Hotel, Bishops-
gate, E. Sanderson, Esq., presiding, and with
only one exception all the members were pre-
sent. A numtier of very line blooms of Chry-
santhemums were exhibited, and First-class Cer-
tificates were awarded to Colonel Mallack for
Japanese Chrysanthemums Monsieur Astorg and
Monsieur Tarin. A sport bloom from a Japanese
variety was also exhibited by Mr. Tenfold, Leigh
Park, Havant, but it was decided to defer any award
until the sport was thoroughly fixed. The next
meeting will be held on Thursday evening, October
30, and growers (whether members of the Society or
not) are specially invited to send specimens of new or
rare varieties for inspection.

■ Encephalartos vii.losus. — In the mag-
nificent collection of Cycads in the Palm-house at
Kew there are male and female specimens of this
species, and frequently one or other of them produce
cones. Those of the female plant are very attractive
when the scales burst asunder so as to expose the
deep scarlet seeds, which are large, angled, and some-
what v/edge- shaped. These seeds are very deceptive,
inasmuch as they contain no embryo. There are five
male cones on one plant at present ranging from

15 inches to 2 feet in length, exclusive of their stalk,
and the eflect is very bold and imposing. They are
cylindrical in outline, tapering a little to each end,
and the huge scales are thickened at the apex, like
those of a Pine. The whole cone is of a uniform
glaucous green colour till the internodes commence to
lengthen in order to facilitate their dispersion of the
pollen, when it gradually becomes pale yellow.

Chrysanthemum, Yellow Sport from

Madame Desgranges. — What will no doubt be
acknowledged to be the finest early summer flowering
Chrysanthemum as yet introduced to commerce can
now be seen at Mr. Wormig's nursery, Woking,
Surrey. It is a sport of the well-known Madame
Desgranges, which has been named G. Wormig, and
is identical with its parent in size, shape, habit, and
time of flowering, but of a fine pure yellow. The
Floral Committee at the last meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society, when a dozen trusses were
shown by the raiser, awarded it a First-class Certifi-
cate. It originated at Mr. Wormig's nursery about
four years since, when he noticed that one bloom of
Madame Desgranges was half white and the other
half yellow. Cuttings were taken from the shoots and
produced these coloured blooms, some of which cut-
tings bore yellow flowers. It will meet with general
demand for early decorative purposes out-of-doors,
and for late summer bedding.

Then and Now.— In 1S17 the late Mr. W.

Bridgewater Page, then a celebrated nurseryman
at .Southampton, published his Prodrotnus^ and under
the head of " bulbous-rooted plants " he states that of
the garden Hyacinth " there are more than 100 fine
varieties of single, and as many of double named
sorts." In September, 1S35, eighteen years after-
wards, Mr. W. J, Nutting, then a seedsman in
Mansion House Street, City, gave, in the Floricultiiral
CaHnet of that year, a list of the best sorts of Hya-
cinths in cultivation, making seventy-two varieties,
and of these fifty-eight were double and only fourteen
were single flowered. One wonders what had become
of a hundred single named varieties of 1817, There
is no doubt that at the time Mr. Nutting gave his list
double Hyacinths were thought a great deal more of by
Dutch raisers and English cultivators than they are at
the present time. Of the double red varieties named
by Mr. Nutting half a century ago, Acteur, Bou-
quet Royale, Bouquet Tendre, Groot Voorst, Madame
Zoutman, Panorama, and Waterloo, ate found in
a bulb catalogue issued for the present year by
one of the leading wholesale seed houses ; among
the double whites, A-la-Mode, Anna Matia, Grande
Monarque de France, La Dcesse, and Prince
of Waterloo ; among the double blues, Envoye and
Fasquin only ; and notwithstanding the great im-
provements made in the single varieties, the folloiv-
ing. grown by Mr. Nutting, are still grown ; —
Single Red : Charlotte, Maiiinne, Lord Wellington,
and Mars ; Single White : Grande Blanche Imperiale,
Grand Vainqueur, and La Candeur ; Single Blue :
Enricus, Emilius, and Grande Vedette. This throws
some light upon the length of time that varieties of
the Hyacinth remain in cultivation. The piices given
by Mr. Nutting are interesting, as enabling a com-
parison to be made with those charged in the present
day. A few were sold at <)d. each, among them the
old Groot Voorst ; a few at \s, each, many at 2.v., 3.^.,
and 4^. each. La Grande Vedette, still a good single
blue Hyacinth, was charged at 3j-. 61/. each. In those
days the cost of getting Hyacinths from Holland must
have been considerably greater than in these days of
rapid railway and steamboat transit. In these days
single varieties are produced much more largely than
double ones, and the bulk of these go to the English
markets. In other countries the double varieties main-
tain their old ascendancy, though the single forms are
gradually winning their way to the front,

Tomatos in the Open Air.— A most

successful crop of Tonialos in the open air has this
season been grown by Messrs. C. Steel & Son,
market gardeners, of Ealing, in their garden in Gun-
nersbury Lane. There were about 2 acres of plants
of the ordinary Large l\ed variety, planted in a fully
open position, sloping a little to the north, and pro-
tected by a broad belt of trees on the west, some
50 yards or so distant. As soon as the lower parts
of the plants were laden with bunches of set fruit (all
the leading shoots and lateral growths having been
kept pinched out), they were bent down towards the
soil, and appeared to be almost flat on the ground,

but yet so that the sun and air could reach them.
This was done with a view to secure early ripening,
advantage being thus taken of ihe heat reflected from
the earth's surface. As soon as the fruits began to show
signs of colouring they were picked and laid within
frames used for raising seeds of Celery, Lettuce, Sic,
until they were ready for marketing. Thirty years
ago the senior member of the firm used to grow
Tomatos with equal success at Ealing. They ceased
to do so because they lost the services of a skilled
grower. They have now one who has caught the
knack of cultivating Tomatos with the success set
forth above. The crop found a ready sale at remu-
nerative prices, and it has done something towards
making good the loss sustained by the failure of the
hardy fruit crop. Surely if Tomato culture can be so
well managed in the open air at Ealing there is no
reason why it should not be carried out in other parts
of the country, and then there will be a chance of
reaching the time when fresh Tomatos in plenty, and
at cheap yet remunerative prices to the grower,
can be placed within the reach of the million.
Probably it will be said that the past summer
was exceptionally favourable to the culture of
the Tomato in the open air, and certainly too favour-
able a conclusion must not be drawn from the
experience of one season,

^^ A Model Conservatory. — The Mayor of
Bradford has just added a spacious conservatory to his
residence at Daisy Hill, Bradford. The buiding, of
square form, 40 feet long by 25 feet wide, is con-
nected to the dwelling-house by an open corridor.
The materials employed for the framework are red
deal of small scantling strengthened with ironwork ;
the fronts have' bold pilasters and ornamental iron-
work over the transoms ; the roof is of one span, of
domical form, surmounted by a lantern, in which
lead-lights of delicate tints have been used. All the
latest improvements in ventilating and internal fittings
have been introduced, the whole of the lights on a
side opening simultaneously by means of a very
simple and admirably contrived lever apparatus. The
heating is by Messenger's patent elastic jointed
pipes, which, owing to the facility with which the
joints are made or taken apart, are being very largely
adopted for heating buildings of all kinds. The
whole of the work has been designed and carried
out by Messrs. Messenger & Co., Horticultural
Builders, of Loughborough,

Mr. Swan.— We hear that Mr. W. Swan, of

Fallowfield, Manchester, is leaving his situation, on
account of the breaking up of the establishment and
change of residence. We hope Mr. Swan, whose
clever management of the gardens, and especially of
the Orchids at Fallowfield, was well known, will son
meet with an engagement worthy of his abilities.

Clty of Exeter Apple and Pear Eiiibi-

TIO.v. — This exhibition is announced to take place in
the Flower Market, I'ore Street, Exeter, on 0.:toher 30
and 31. The principal object of the exhibition is to
attract attention to the recognised best sorts of .Apples
and Pears, and thus conduce to an improvement in
the special culture of these fruits in the county of
Devon. Prizes are olTered in various classes, the
leading one is for twenty-five distinct varieties of
Apples ; and throughout the schedule six fruits of
Apples for a dish, and five of Pears. There are
classes for culinary and dessert Apples and Pears ;
and also for single dishes of certain specified sorts
such as Blenheim Orange, Ribston Pippin, &c., and
the same of Pears. The Chairman of the Committee
carrying out the exhibition is the Mayor, Alderman
R. C. Wilkinson ; the Hon. Secretary, Mr. J.
Isaac Pengelley, at the Guildhall, Exeter. The
competition is confined to English grown fruit, and one
of the rules sets forth that all specimens must be
distinctly and correctly labelled with their proper
description. It is to be hoped this rule will be
insisted upon. Further, it would be of great advantage
were a competent committee appointed to examine
and revise the nomenclature of the fruits. This
should be one of the main objects of an Apple and
Pear show o( this character.

The F'ruiterers' Company.- On Friday

Last, the 17th inst., the Lord Mayor entertained at
dinner the members of the Court of the Fruiterers
Company. In accordance with a very ancient custom
the Court of the Fruiterers' Company present the
Lord Mayor with a selection of fruit of all

Octohkr 25, 1SE4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

531

kinds once in every year. The Master of the Com-
pany, Georcie Hoi'CROiT, Esq., was absent on
account of indisposition, and his place was taken by
Edward Tidsuell, Esq., the Treasurer of the
Gardeners' Koyal Benevolent Institution, who pre-
sented the fruit to the Lord Mayor. After the
ceremony was over Mr. Tidsweli., then as Treasurer
of the Ciardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, pre-
sented the Lady Mayoress with a magnificent basket
of flowers prepared by Mr. L>1CKS0N, of Covent
Garden. In the course of the evening Mr. Tidswei.l
was very successful in securing many gentlemen as
stewards for the ensuing dinner in July next of the
Gjrdeners' Institution, and he was seconded in his
exertions by Mr. CUTLER, the Secretary, who was a
guest of the Lord MAYOR on the occsision,

Orchids at FerriJ:resen-Brik. — M.

Ernest Bergman writes : — We h.ive had the plea-
sure of flowering the new Cypripedium Godefroya;,
and we showed it .at the Paris Horticultural Society
last Thursday (gthinsl). It was rewarded by a First-
class Certificate. This plant is very interesting. We
sent the flower to Mr. Williams, who is going to
publish it in the Orchid Album. By-the-bye, we see
the enormous price realised by the Vanda Lowii at the
last sale of Pkotheroe & Morris. The following are
the dimensions of our large specimen :— 6 feet (basket
not included) high ; one main stem, from which start
four big shoots ; from these again start two other
shoots. It has loS leaves, all perfect. The Orchids
which are now in bloom at Ferrieres are : —

Vanda tricolor

,, co:rule3

,. Batemanni
Cattleya Dowiaaa

I, jigas

,, Saodetiana

., HarrisoDii violacea
LslU Perriot
DcndTobium infundiljulum

,, fnrmosum

„ Djarei (this last keeps
in bloom thiee months
ard more)
Cypiipediom Godefroyse

,1 Spicerianum

„ Sedeiii

,, Ashbilrtonia:

,, Koiz'ii

,, Hanisianum

„ Pcarcei

,. baibatum

,, iasigne ^

,, „ Maulei

,. Llia:.tini lo-i^ifo'lum
Pti tlasaopsis rosei

PhalxQOpsis violacea

„ antenoifeia
0.-icidium Lanceaiium

,, Krameii

,, Forbesii

,, cheirophorum

,, macranthum

., tigrinum
Calanthe vestita lutca

,, Veilchii
Pleione lageQatia
l->'caste Skinnerl
Maxillaria venusta
Cffilogyne assamica
Mesospinidiiim vulcaoicum
OdoDtoglo-bum AJexandia;

„ giacde

,, tripadilns

,, Anderson!

., Pescatorei

,, hebraicum
Masdevallia betla

,, chimxra

,, K(.i^liei>bachiana

Ceanothus Gloire de Versailles. — A

very fine plant of this growing against an east wall on
Mr. C. Turner's nursery at Slough is now in full
bloom, and for its vigorous growth, freedom of bloom,
and bright colour, it appears to be equal to any variety
yet produced. The spikes of bloom are very large,
and it promises to go on flowering up to Christmas if
only the weather should prove favourable.

The Recent International Horticul-
tural Exhibition at Dundee. — Mr. J.
McIndoe, of Hutton Hall Gardens, Guisborough,
takes exception to an allegation made in our report of
this show, that the tip of another bunch was tied on to
-the tip of a disqualified bunch of Duchess of Buc-
cleuch Grape, and consequently that by so doing the
exhibitor, who was not named, attempted to deceive
the judges. The circumstances, as set forth in our
telegraphic report, were authoritatively stated to our
reporter in the presence of the fruit judges. The
facts of the case are set forth by Mr. A. Fowler, of
Castle Kennedy, in a letter sent to Mr. McIndoe,
and sent to us by that gentleman. A copy was also
sent to our reporter, and both are now before us : —
'■ Mr. Westing [Westcott], Raby Castle, and I,
wereengaged judging Grapes at the International Show
at Dundee ; we came to[ihe class for] the best flavoured
bunch, which were to be at least I lb. in weight. It
was decided before tasting them to weigh some of the
smaller bunches. Mr. McIndoe's was one of them.
In cutting it from the board and lifting it by the
stalk a portion like a small shoulder remained on the
board. This at once arrested attention, and caused
us to examine minutely the bunch, and how it was
secured to the board, and whether the remaining part
had been broken off — which it was not. The bunch
was tied to the board, and secured in the usual way ;
the additional bit was placed below the point, so as
to appear as a part of the bunch before being dis-
turbed, forming the apparent terminal point of the
bunch. When weighed it was under I lb. weight
without, and half an ounce over with the additional

bit. On making this discovery we agreed to disqualify
the exhibit, and wrote to that effect on the board."
Th.1t an addition was made to the bunch is beyond
doubt, and it is, moreover, attested by a letter from
the Secretary, now before us, and Mr. Fowi.EK
expressly states it had not been broken ofl: from it.
Our reporter was informed that the added point was
tied to the bunch, but as to the particular way in
which the addition was made Mr. Fowler shows
that our representative was misinformed, and we have
to express our regret that that allegation was pub-
lished. Mr. McIndoe furnishes us with an explana-
tion of the occurrence, but marks it " private," so
that we are debarred from giving it publicity, as we
should otherwise do,

Narcissus serotinus, L. — This late species

is now in fine flower at Floore Castle. Though intro-
duced in 1629, it still remains a scarce plant, yet like
several other African species requires one or two
years to vegetate if once got thoroughly dry ; im-
ported bulbs should be sent over in moist soil —
then there is no difficulty in getting them to vegetate
the first season. The two African species, N. canar-
iensis .?nd N. Broussoneti, are now appearing above-
ground, a month eailier than usual,

ClIRY'SANTHEMUM EXHIBITIONS. — The

Wimbledon Horticultural Society will hold an exhibi-
tion of Chrysanthemums in the Drill Hall, Wimble-
don, on Wednesday, November 19 ; and on Thurs-
day, November 20, the Ipswich and East of England
Horticultural Society will have a Chrysanthemum
show also. The fixtures of exhibitions during this
particular week are very numerous throughout the
country.

Weald of Kent Gardeners' and Cot-
tagers' MUTUAL Improvement Society. — The
second annual Chrysanthemum show of this
society will be held in the Vestry Hall, Cranbrook,
on November 12 and 13, when, no doubt, the gar-
deners and amateqrs of the county will make a good
display ol the Chrysanthemum.

The We.^ther. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Oct. 20, 1884, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. :— The weather has continued cloudy or dull
in all parts of the kingdom, though very little rain
has fallen. The temperature has been about equal to
the mean in the " Channel Islands," but from 1° to 3^
above it in England, 4" above over Ireland and in
"Scotland, W.," and 5° in "Scotland, E." The
maxima were very generally recorded on the i6th or
17th, and varied from 58° in "Scotland, N.," to 65°
in the "Midland Counties" Ireland "land, S.,"and
to 67° in "England, S." The minima, which were
registered either on the first or last day of the period,
ranged from 33° or 34° over eastern, central, and
southern England, to 43° in "Scotland, W.," and 47°
in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has been
considerably less than the mean in all districts.
Over the greater part of England and Ireland the fall
was especially light. Bright sunshine has been much
less prevalent than for some time past. In "Scot-
land, N.," the percentage of the possible duration was
only 3, in "Ireland, S.," 8, in " England, N.W.,"
9, and in "Ireland, S.," II, while the largest per-
centages were 27 in "Scotland, E.," and 28 in
"England, N.E." Depressions observed: — The
only depressions observed in our area during this
period were some rather well defined systems travel-
ling eastwards to the northward of our islands and
over Scandinavia. During the first part of the time
pressure was highest over the Bay of Biscay and the
west of France, but as the week progressed the high
readings gradually spread to the greater part of Eng-
land and Ireland. Light or moderate breezes from
between west and north-west consequently pre-
vailed generally, but on our extreme western and
north-western coasts they occasionally backed to
south-west.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. W.

Brown succeeds Mr. Tallack as Head Gar-
dener at Prideaux Place, Padstow. — Mr. W.
Sutton as Head Gardener to C. J. Leaf, E-;q.,
Pains Hill, Cobham, Surrey, formerly at E^hald
House, near Leeds. — Mr. E. Brown, late Gardener
at Widmore Lodge, Bromley, Kent, as Gardener-to
H. Michel, Esq., Undermount, Bonchurch, Isle of
Wight,

THE FALLING LEAVES.

As the time of year is upon us when trees and
shrubs begin to shed their leaves, a few remarks
bearing upon the subject may not be without their
value to the practical gardener.

In considering the question, it is necessary to bear
in mind that the natural aim of every plant is to pro-
duce a perfect seed, and that whengrowing in a soil and
climate adapted to its speci.il habits and peculiarities,
it produces no more of each organ that it requires for
the healthy perpetuation and reproduction of seed.
When the leaf has fulfilled it\ office, the nutritive
fluids circulating through it ar» withdrawn and it
decays or dries up. These fluids are absorbed in
great part by the stem, through the agency of the
roots, and rising higher and higher are at length de-
posited in the seed ; the functions of the foliage being
performed the leaves drop olY, to be renewed in the
. following spring. Some interesting experiments of
Ziiller and Rissm-tillet' have shown that while in
early summer the leaves of plants contain very con-
siderable amounts tjT nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash, these substances are withdrawn into the
wood of the^^ee with the advancing season ; so that
before the leaves fade they have lost the larger part of
what was most valuable in them, which the tree
retains for its future use.

In some of these investigations on the leaves ol the
Beech tree it was shown that in their water-free sub-
stance the highest *' percentage amount " of nitrogen,
phosphoric acid, and potash is found when they open
or expand in the month of May, and this percentage
quite regularly decreases till they ripen and fall, but
the " absolute " amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
and potash, is greatest in July, and from that time on
decreases.

At the Connecticut Agricultural Station last year
samples of leaves were carefully picked from an Oak
tree and from a Chestnut (Castanea vesca) on the
following dates :— October 16 and November 13, and
submitted to analysis.

On October 16 the leaves were bright green, and
showed no signs of fading or changing colour.

On November 13 the leaves were brown, having
almost entirely lost their reddish tinge. L-:aves were
falling from the trees, but not rapidly.

Aiiali'Sts c/the Fresh Leav

I.

Oak. .

Ches

tnut.

Oct. 16.

SJov. 13

Oct. 16

Nov. 13.

Water

Albuminoids
Woody fibre ..
Non-nitrogenous extract
Elher extract ..
Mineral matter (ah) . .

55 6
5'3
93

249
1.6
2 3

39 7

34
ao4
39 3

34 1

3-8

60.2
4-3
67

-'i-'i
3-5
I 8

3' 7
4 =
13 4
4»-3
.^4
30

Total

tooo

100.0

ICO 0

ioo.o

The mineral matter (or ash) contained :—

Oak.

Potash ..

Soda

Lioii

Magnesia

Ojiide of iron

Phosphoric acid. .

Sulphuric acid ..

Carbooic actd ..

Silica.. &c. 317

Total .. ■. I 2330

Oct. 16

Nov. 13.

•3!5

•73

.015

.o?9

.688

1.436

.iCa

1 .288

oSi

.077

.a6j

.360

.060

.090

.4.8

.8.5

, Oct. 16. Nov, 13.

.643

■353

.381

.016

o;t

■ 404

•8"4

9^8

■443

.181

.164

.186

.330

.086

.149

■259

■513

.100

.208

3 8oo ' 1. 813

The leaves gathered on October 16 had very nearly
finished their assimilating functions, while those
gathered on November 13, we may assume, had
nearly or quite ceased to lose through resorption into
the wood.

The green Oak leaves lost between one-third and
one-half of the percentage of nitrogen in their water-
free substance between the time that they began to
change colour and the time when they became brown
(dead). The corresponding gain is found chiefly in
the woody fibre and in the elher extract.

• Lanl-wirthsckaft, Versuchi-Statlonen, xvii , 30.

532

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OCTOKER 25, 18

From the data obtained by the analysis of the Oak
and Chestnut leaves gathered on November 13 it is
seen that the newly fallen leaves, with about 30 per
cent, of water, contained in 100 lb.: —

Oak. Ch-'Stnut.

Lb.

Nitrogen 54

potash \^

Phosphoric acid 36

Lb.

67

Stable manure, with 70 per cent, of water, contains
about 5 lb. nitrogen, 6 lb. potash, and 3 lb. phosphoric
acid. It must, however, be remembered, that while
the nitrogen in stable manure is readily available as
plant-food, it is exceedingly likely that the nitrogen
of fallen leaves is comparably inert. From these
facts we learn that Nature, in causing trees periodi-
cally to shed their leaves, returns with them to the
soil a very large portion of the soluble inorganic sub-
stances which had been drawn from it by their roots
during the season of growth. The amount of leaves
which fall yearly, according to Ebermayer,* varies
considerably, being larger in wet seasons than in dry
— larger on a rich soil than on a poor one. It also
varies with the thickness of the forests. Other things
being equal, trees produce more foliage when stand-
ing apart than when standing in dense woods.

The degree of rapidity with which, under ordinary
circumstances, leaves undergo decay, has also con-
siderable infiuence upon the extent to which the soil
is capable of being improved by any species of tree.
The broad leaves of the Ash, Maple, and Sycamore,
decay more quickly than those of the Oak and Beech,
and these latter more rapidly than the needle-shaped
leaves of the various Pine tribes. If the gardener
desires to hasten the decomposition of fallen leaves
for the purposes of compost, soils, or manures, it is
necessary to add to them lime, wood-ashes, &:c., as
well as earth, pond or ditch-mud, and vegetable
refuse generally. They will then be found to form an
exceedlingly useful material for potting purposes. If
a bushel of common salt (to six bushels of lime) be
disolved in water and the brine be used to slake the
lime, the action will be much more rapid, and a few
weeks will suffice to set up a decomposition, when
the heap may be overhauled, and the compost will be
ready in a few weeks more. Instead of salt, muri-
ate of potash may be advantageously used. It
will probably act as well in the compost, and will
also supply indispensable potash to the plants.

7. J. w-

mi}.i\i Jlauj^rs

The Amaryllis.— At p. 331 it was stated that
the resting period of these plants had arrived, and
that the plants should not have any more water. If
the plants are in pots, and plunged in a tan bed, many
of them will yet have green leaves, but there will not
be much moisture in them, and it will be as well to
cut the leaves off near the crown of the bulbs. They
can do no good to the plants in the stage they have
now arrived at. The seedlings of this year are yet
quite green, and growing freely ; they will require a
little water at times during the winter, and should be
kept in a temperature of from 50° to 55°. Where the
bulbs of the general collection are kept a high tem-
perature would be injurious, and would probably
start them into growth before their time.

The Cineraria. — The usual way of treating the
Cineraria is to raise plants from seed every year. It
is the easiest, and in ordinary circumstances perhaps
the most satisfactory ; at the same time it is not the
method that should be adopted by those who seek for
high-class quality in their flowers. If a really good
seedling is obtained the plant should be selected to
save seeds from to produce something better, and the
plant itself must be propagated by taking offsets from
it, which are produced from the base of the plant
soon after it is cut over. I have known large handsome
specimens to be formed by planting three examples of
one variety in an 8-inch or 9-inch pot. Complaints
have reached me this season of plants dying off sud-
denly, and of others flagging when exposed to the
sun. This evil is produced either by over-growing

• I'ersuchs-StationeHf xviii., 63.

the plants or by over-shading them and not admitting
sufficient air. Some gardeners — and their numbers
are not few — have an idea that the right kind of culti-
vation such plants as these require is to pot them in
the richest compost they will stand without being
actually injured by it, and giving them manure-water
freely afterwards. How pleased they are to point to
the vigorous growth of their plants ! The large
flabby leaves are thought to be evidence of good
culture ; but this is where they make their mistake,
and it is one more often made by young gardeners
than by those of larger experience. Plants produced
in that way are not really healthy, although they may
appear so, as it is these that are most likely to die off
suddenly, or to hang out signals of distress by droop-
ing their leaves. The plants should be grown in a
good compost of loam four parts, decayed manure one
part, leaf-mould one part, and a sprinkling of sharp
sand. Artificial manures should be avoided in the
compost. We are now potting the plants into their
flowering pots. They should be patted rather firmly,
be placed near the glass in a heated pit, and be well
exposed to light and air. We draw the lights off in
fine weather. Fumigate the plants occasionally, to
prevent their being attacked by green-fly or thrips.

The Hyacinth.— The best time to pot the general
collection is in the last days of October. That is the
time that we pot those intended for exhibition. The
Hyacinth likes a rich compost, but in this respect it
also can be over-fed. When I first commenced their
culture I was told that the best compost was cow-
manure, loam, leaf-mould, and sand in equal parts. I
soon found that the proportion of loam was not
enough, and it was more than doubled with gratifying
results. We mix the compost some two or three
months before using it, in order that the manure may
be more incorporated with the other materials. In
potting the bulbs do not press them down into the
soil, as this causes the compost to become hard under
the root-stock, and may be the cause of some of them
being thrown out of the soil. The right way is to
open a space in the centre of the compost with the
fingers ; drop in a little sea or river sand ; put in the
bulb, and press the soil firmly round it, leaving the
crown out of the soil ; over the crown place a little
sand, and the operation of potting is complete. We
use 6-inch pots for nearly the whole of them ; a few
of the varieties that have small bulbs, and which on
that account do not produce such a mass of roots, may
be grown in 5-inch pots. A meed of praise should
not be withheld from the last generation of Dutch
florists (if it can be given without reflecting on the
present one) for the high state of perfection to which
they had brought the Hyacinth. The old flowers are
certainly not surpassed ; indeed, one can scarcely say
that they are equalled by the newer ones, and when
making up our order very few new varieties are
included. There are certainly some novel and very
richly coloured kinds recently introduced ; and in the
class for yellow or straw-coloured kinds an advance
has certainly been made. It is some comfort to know
that the best Hyacinths are cheap enough (or cultiva-
tion in the smallest gardens, and the dealers tell us
that the culture of this fine flower increases in England
year by year. J. Douglas, Ilford, Essex.

EPIPREMNUM MIRABILE.

A COUPLE of years ago I found among the plants
entrusted to my care an Aroid, the provenance of
which was a mystery to me j I did not know the
name, nor could I recollect whence it came. It grew
on nicely, and as it became more vigorous its leaves
increased in size, and one day I noticed a leaf with a
deep lateral sinus. After a time there appeared leaves
with the same left and right, and now the leaves have
grown much larger and are fairly pinnatisect. From
this I inferred I had to do with Epipremnum mira-
bile, but still it was a puzzle to me how it came
there.

A while ago, however, I happened to pot a few bits
of Pothos aurea. One of them went wrong and turned
green, and exhibits now, having grown more vigor-
ously, the closest resemblance to the above-mentioned
plant. And now I recollect also to have received
some pieces of Pothos aurea prior to the time I
noticed the Epipremnum. This induces me to sup-
pose Pothos aurea to be the variegated juvenile form
of Epipremnum mirabile. Has any one had similar
experience ? y. F. Wilke. Zoological Gankns, Rotter-
dam.

MR. CYPHER'S NURSERY,

CHELTENHAM.
For many years past more plants have been exhi-
bited successfully from this nursery at the leading shows
in the country than from almost any other public
or private establishment in the kingdom. It is no
exaggeration to say that during the last ten or a dozen
years thousands of prizes have been awarded to Mr.
Cypher's plants in the principal classes at the largest
shows, beginning with the spring ones, going on
throughout the season, and not ceasing until late
autumn. A large stock of fine-foliaged plants is
kept up all the year round, but the flowering subjects
change. In early spring the Azaleas are greatly
depended upon j then come a valuable class of Ericas,
Ixoras, AUamandas, and such like. Up to now in
this year twenty-nine large shows have been attended,
and 130 1st prizes gained. All classes are gone into,
no matter whether they be for a single specimen or a
group of five or six dozen plants. The majority of
the plants are not quickly and easily run up subjects
of the common Fuchsia and scarlet Pelargonium types,
but huge and grand masses of the choicest and most
difficult to cultivate hard and soft-wooded stove
and greenhouse plants. Buying-in ready grown
specimens is no part of the trade here, although many
are sold in that state, and all have been propagated
and cultivated on the premises ; and at present there
are many choice young specimens coming forward
which will sustain the renown of this place so long as
Mr. Cypher chooses to deal with them.

Leaving the Cheltenham Midland Railway Station,
a walk of two minutes along the Queen's Road brings
us to the nursery. Show-houses of a half stove, half
greenhouse character, and a seed and spacious
bouquet-making place, form the entrance to the nur-
sery. The houses number upwards of forty, and
cover close upon 2 acres of ground. They have not
been all put up in a day or a year, but have been
added to a small beginning from time to time as
demands increased ; they are, however, closely packed
together, and are well adapted for specimen plant and
general nursery stock culture. There is a special
house for almost every class of choice plants, and we
will here give a few details of these and their occu-
pants. The Camellia - house is 70 feet long,
24 feet wide, and very high. The sides are
brick for 10 feet or so up, surmounted with a
glass roof. The plants are planted in a centre bed
and round the edges, and bristle with finely formed
flower-buds. These are in great demand about
Christmas, and play an important part in Mr.
Cypher's immense cut flower business. The roof of
this house is beautifully clothed with the red and
white flowering Lapagerias. Racemes of L. alba as
long as one's arm were hanging from the roof, and they
certainly do remarkably well under the same treat-
ment as the Camellias. There are two houses
devoted to Ixoras, 30 feet long and 12 feet wide each.
Here are plants 3 feet high and 3 feet through,
of I. coccinea, I. Colei, I. Williamsi, I. Fraseri, I
Pilgrimi, and I, Westii, a valuable new pale pink
free flowering variety. The roofs of these houses
are adorned with finely grown plants of Diplac'eii?,
hybrida and amabilis. The Allamanda-house is
30 feet long and 12 feet wide. There are some dozens
of large plants here, the majority of them, when
tied in, measuring 4 feet 6 inches in height and
4 feet in width. The varieties are chiefly nobilis,
Hendersoni, and grandiflora. Two houses are devoted
to Stephanotis and Gardenias, the latter occupying
the body of the house, and the former the roof, both
being mainly grown to supply cut flowers. In a
north stove we found a fine batch of Anthuriums.
Few of them were in bloom, but Veitch's splendid
variety of .Scherzerianum were noble specimens,
several being composed of over 100 massive leaves.
I need hardly say they were in the finest possible
health, and highly gratifying to see minus the flowers.
Ward's variety was also here, and Andreanum, and
another, named Cypher!, which in size and bright-
ness of spathe excels all. A large batch of Dendro-
bium Falconeri was growing very luxuriantly in this
house. The Heath-house is 40 feet in length and
12 feet wide. Of Erica Cavendishii there were four mag-
nificent specimens, 5 feet high and 5 feet through,
beautifully furnished from the rim of the pot to the
crown, and as green as grass. Of K. depressa there
are two, 4 by 4 feet, and we question if there are two
better plants of this fine variety in the country.
E, Austinlana is 5 feet high and 5 feet through ; E.

October 25, 1884.]

-^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

533

Irbyana, 4 by 4 feet ; E. CandoUeana, 4 by 4 feet •■
E. aftinis, 4 feet 6 inches by 4 feet ; E. Li--'--);''"'''

3 feet 6 inches by 3 feet 6 inches ; an-^ ^- Marnockiana,

4 by 4 feel. These anH ."^ny more Ericas are all
grown in a mixture of the best peat and silver-sand.
They are kept very cool at all times, many of them
being placed in the open air in the autumn ; not in
the shade, however, but fully in the sun, with the
pots protected from its r.iys. Careful watering is one
of the secrets in their culture, and Mr. Cypher is to
be congratulated on possessing such a magnificent
collection of those valuable plants. It would be
impo.isible to imagine any plants in better health or
finer in every way, and it was no small source of
delight to us to find that there was still a truly repre-
sentative collection of Heaths in the country. Their
culture tests the gardener's skill more than anything,
and that, as we have indicated, is not wanting here.
I might add that when under glass these plants are
slightly shaded during the day, and at night the
lights are drawn off, leaving them exposed in the
summer and autumn nights. We noted about on
hundred half-grown specimens in the same excellent
condition as the large ones. The New Holland
house is 60 feet long and 20 feet wide. This con-
tains many well grown specimens. Darwinia tulip-
ifera was 4 by 4 feet, and several very little
smaller. Phcenocoma prolilera Barnesii, 4 by

3 feet ; Dracophyllum gracile, 3 by 3 feet ; Acro-
phyllum venosum, 2 feet 6 inches by 2 feet 6 inches ;
Aphelexis macrantha purpurea, 4 by 4 feet. Epacris
were remarkably good in this house, E. miniata
splendens measuring 5 by 5 feet, and Cordyline
indivisa was 6 feet high and 5 feet through. Numbers
of small Heaths, too, were quite at home here. There
are three Atalea-houses, one 40 feet long by 18 feet
in width, the other two being 33 feet long and 12 feet
wide. A plant of the large white flowering Azalea
Magnificent was 6 feet high and 6 feet through, beauti-
fully trained, and one splendid mass of the most
luxuriant growths. A. Charmer was of the same
satisfactory dimensions, and so was A. Due de Nassau,
of which there were three of these grand specimens ;
A. Napoleon HI., 5 by 5 feet ; Mrs. Turner, 4 by

4 feet ; A. graodis, 5 by 4 feet ; and many others of
almost equal proportions. These bloom in rotation
in May and June, and are valuable for the early shows
at Manchester, York, Bath, London, and elsewhere )
when done blooming they are kept close in a warm
house to make rapid and substantial growth, and when
this has been accomplished abundance of air is
admitted, many of them being placed in the open
air to finish off the ripening of the wood.
Peat and sand alone are used as rooting material. The
Palm-house is a lofty structure, 60 feet long and 24
feet wide. The largest plant of Latania borbonica
here is 16 feet high, and as much in spread of leaf.
It is growing in a small box about 2 feet square, and
is truly a magnificently developed specimen. Encepha-
lartos villosus appears to be in habit something be-
tween a Palm and a Cycad, and|as seen here it is more
grand than either. The largest plant of it here, which
is a weighty subject in competition, is only taken out
on special occasions, when heavy opposition is antici-
pated, and certainly it is a telling subject. At present
it has thirty fronds, each about 15 feet long, and they
ate of the most graceful description. This plant is
about thirty years old. When the late Mr. Pilgrim
was in his " palmy " days of showing, he bought this
plant from Mr. Cypher for ^20, and some years after-
wards Mr. Cypher bought it back for ,^5, but both of
these sums combined would not secure it now.
Tbrinax elegans is 16 feet high and 12 through ;
Pritchardia pacifica, rare and valuable, is 6 feet high
and 5 in width; Areca Baueri is 12 by 10 feet;
Kentia Fosteriana is 10 by 10 feet, and K. Belmoreana
8 by 6 feet. The Cycads are another class much
valued for exhibition. There are three extra fine
specimens, the largest of which is C. circinalis, being
12 feet high and 14 feet in diameter ; C. revoluta is
8 feet through, C. media, 6 by 4 feet ; and C. Nor-
manbyana, 6 by 6 feet.

The Croton-house is 35 feet long and iS feet in
width. Some of the plants which had been out at
shows in the early part of the season were dressed to
begin growth anew— or rather undressed would be a
more suitable term, as every leaf and small shoot had
been cut from them, and the magnificent show plant
of a few months ago was nothing but a skeleton of
nude boughs, but they will soon be started into growth
again, and develope their magnificent foliage. Those
in show condition just now were remarkable for the

tightness of the leaves; we never saw any Crolons
more intensely coloured. They are all grown in two
parts loam and one of silver-sand, charcoal, and peat.
All the light and sunshine possible are admitted to
them, and moisture is copiously applied to the foliage
to keep them free from insects. The following are a
few of the dimensions of the best of the plants : — C.
angustifolius, 6 by 6 feet; C. Disraeli, 6 by
6 feet ; C. Queen Victoria, 6 feet 6 inches by
6 feet ; C. majesticus, 6 by 6 feet ; C. Sunset,
6 by 5 feet, very distinct, and a favourite here ;
C. Johannis, 4 by 4 feet ; C. Prince of Wales, 6 by
5 feet ; C. Evansianus, 4 by 4 feet ; and C. Warreni,
4 feet by 3 feet 6 inches. The Eucharis-house is
30 feet in length and to feet wide. Here there are
twenty grand specimens in 16-inch pots. They are
grown as valuable exhibition subjects, and also for
the supply of cut flowers. Loam and manure are the
ingredients in which they luxuriate, and provision
exists in the house for plunging one or all if neces-
sary. There are two houses 35 by 12 feet for the
culture of Clerodendrons. There are twenty speci-
mens 4 feet high and 4 feet through. We have now
seen the majority of the exhibition plants, and they
are really a unique collection. The main features of
one and all are their clean luxuriant growth, wonder-
ful floriferousness, and remarkable leaf colouring.
Fresh air and a sweet atmosphere are two of Mr.
Cypher's favourite assistants in high-class plant
culture, and we were told that one of the secrets in
growing fine large plants was never to allow them to
become pot-bound until their full or desired size had
been attained. Specimen plant culture, however, is
not the only thing extensively and well done here,
as the general nursery stock is worthy of special
note. Of late Mr. Cypher has taken to Orchid
culture, and his success with these is remarkable.
I have never at any time seen Orchids growing
in a more natural manner than they are here.
The extent of their growths and extreme good
health is all that possibly could be desired.
The Cattleya-house is 60 feet long and 16 feet
wide, and is filled to overflowing with fine batches
of C. Mendeli, C. speciosissima, C. Leopoldi,
C. amethystina, C. Dowiana, C. Warneri, C. Bra-
bantise, and many others. The Dendrobium-house is
40 feet long and 12 feet wide, with two side stages
and a walk up the centre. These stages are filled
with plants in pots and the roof is completely covered
with plants growing on cork and pieces of wood. D.
Wardianum is a favourite here, and there are hundreds
of it growing in this house and some others, the
majority of them having produced from five to eight
growths this season, and many of these are from 2 to
3 feet in length. There are also fine batches of D.
crassinode, D. devonianum, D. nobile, D. nobile
pulchellum, D. densiflorum, D. Brymetianum, D.
Farmeri, D. densiflorum, D. Schrcederi, and D.
Bensonije, the latter having made growth 18 inches
in length in 3-inch pots. These are growing in
peat and sphagnum moss ; they receive little or no
shade and plenty of air and water during the growing
season.

The East Indian-house is 40 feet long and 12
wide. Here is a capital batch of Cypripedium
Spicerianum, with many crowns, and leaves over
I foot in length. C. Lowii was also fine here, as
was C. Parishi, C. Veitchi, C. hirsutissimum, C.
Sedeni, and all others of extra value. These have
ample drainage, and their rooting mixture consists of
loam and charcoal. In the same bouse there are
many finely grown young plants of Aerides affine, A.
expansum Senoice, new, rare, and a grand batch ; A.
virens superbum and A. Rohaneanum, opening its
blooms for the first time. Of Vandas we saw many,
including a number of plants of V. Sanderiana, which
is the rarest of the class ; several plants of it had
seven pairs of leaves in a fine growing state. The
true V. insignis is largely represented, and so was
V, Cathcarti and V. Lowii.

In a cool fernery, 35 by 12 feet, there were many
handsome specimens of Tree Ferns, and in front of
these there were large batches of Lycastes, Odonto-
glots, &c., but the main body of the cool Orchids are
contained in two special houses, 30 feet long and 10
feet wide each. O. Alexandrae, O. nebulosum, O.
tripudians, O. Halli, O. Rossi, O. Pescatorei, O,
Edouardi, and all the best in cultivation are to be
seen here in quantities. Oncidiums and Masdeval-
lias are doing remarkably well in these houses, and
promoters of flower shows may soon expect to find
Mr. Cypher fill their Orchid classes in as creditable

a manner as he has done their fine-foliaged and
flowering plant ones of late.

Space forbids us to extend our notes much further
at present, but besides the houses named there are
many low pits filled with large quantities of Bouvar-
dias. Cyclamens, Cinerarias, Primulas, and there are
two Pelargonium-houses and a Rose-house, from
whence buds are in constant demand ; as in bouquet-
making and dinner-table decoration privately and at
shows, Mr. Cypher and his eldest daughter, who
superintends, this department, have gained a well-
merited reputation. There are three new houses
being erected just now. They are 72 feet long and
iS feet wide each, and, like the majority of the
others, they are span-roofed ; one is for Ferns, the
second for Roses all the year round, and Chrysanthe-
mums in winter, and the third is to be devoted to
Gardenias and Stephanotis. Chrysanthemums are
extensively grown, and they are excellent plants.
The majority of them are growing in 12-inch pots,
and they average 3 feet in height and 4 feet in
diameter. They are well furnished with leaves, the
lower ones being quite green, and hanging over the
sides of the pots. They bear every indication of
attentive culture. Outside this glass nursery and
across Queen's Road there are 3 acres of ground
devoted to the culture of flowers, Roses being one of
the principal subjects ; and there are fine batches ol
single and double Dahlias, Gladioli, &c. J. J, M.

New Roses. — Circumstances have prevented my
following up my notes on the Rose season, with, as I had
promised, some on the newer Roses, but as, since that
was written, I have paid a short visit to Paris, and
have had the pleasure of a talk with my old friend Mar-
gottin, of Bourg La Reine, it is perhaps as well. If
I remember rightly, I said the newer Roses, for I felt
that the list of new Roses, i.e., those of last seasont
was indeed a small one, and that more interest would
be attached to it if it embraced a wider area.

I have before me a list of the Roses sent into com-
merce in the autumns of 1882 and 1883, and, inclusive
of those sent out by raisers in this country, the list
contains upwards of 100 varieties ; and yet, out of all
these, omitting the English raised flowers, there are
very few that have as yet obtained favour amongst
rosarians on this side of this of the Channel ; many of
them have not even been seen, and so may be " wast-
ing their sweetness on the desert air," while it is a
great novelty in French Rose lists to see " Nouveautes
Anglaises " occupying a prominent position. One can
remember the time when Devoniensis was looked
upon as the only English raised Rose, and then John
Hopper took the Rose world by storm ; since then
they have been numerous enough, and some of un-
doubted excellence have been added to our lists,
although amongst some French Rose growers there
is still the lingering superstition that we cannot raise
such Roses, and that because some Roses have been
purchased in France, and sent out as if they were
English raised flowers, that therefore all are the same.
I have endeavoured to disabuse their minds on this
subject, and I hope in due time that they will be a
little more generous.

It is certainly somewhat remarkable that so few
good Roses have been added to our list since
1877, when A. K. Williams and Gabriel Luizet
were brought out. In the catalogue of exhibition
Roses published by the National Rose Society I
found but two or three, and certainly but one
that in their respective classes have equalled them.
With regard to the former, considerable discussion
has taken place as to its constitution, and it is said
that the best method of treating it is to bud it where
It is to remain, for that when removed it is apt to
dwindle away. Although I have .combatted this
idea, I am afraid that more extended observation
induces me to believe that there may be something
in it. This moderate growth is, I fear, its sole
disqualification. It is beautiful in form, colour, and
substance, is easily cultivated, and is a very free
autumnal bloomer, and fairly disputes the palm
amongst red coloured Roses with Marie Baumann.
Gabriel Luizet is an equally beautiful gem amongst
light-coloured Roses, but is not so free a bloomer in
autumn as A. K. Williams, and was brought out in
the same year.

534

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25. 1SS4.

Of the Roses of 18S2 (auiumn) there is not one to
be compared with Merveille de Lyon ; it is of the
Madame Licharme type of flower more than of
Baroness Rothschild, of which it is stated to be a
seedling ; the white is, however, very pure, with-
out a stain of flesh colour in it. It has been ex-
hibited very largely during the past season, and
has been universally admired. Some may object that
the white is too dead ; it has, however, as far as I
can judge, one fault— full as it is, it is very apt in
the exhibition tent to open too much and show the
centre ; and amongst several stands of twelve which
I saw at Manchester there was not one where some
had not behaved in this way. Of the other Roses
(H.P.) of that season I do not know one that has
excited any curiosity. Mr. George Paul, in his cata-
logue, speaks hopefully of Comtesse de Mailly-Nesle,
which is described as of a beautiful flesh-coloured
rose colour, with the petals bordered with white ; but
I have not seen it. Earl of Pembroke (Bennett) is a
promising Rose, a sort of brownish-crimson, of good
form and substance, and sweet-scented. I have seen
this exhibited well several times. Lady Mary Fitz-
william, another of Mr. Bennett's seedlings, was exhi-
bited better in^iSSjJhan during the past season ; it
is of a light rosy-pink colour, and was very charmingly
shown in 1SS3,

Coming now to the Roses of 1SS3, we are still
more in the dark. Hardly any of the French Roses
of last autumn in the hybrid perpetual class have
attracted any attention. There may be some to
astonish us yet, but hitherto we have not seen them,
and there have been a few English raised Roses
which have attracted attention, amongst them Mr.
Frettingham's LordFrederick Cavendish, a vigorous
growing red Rose, of very bright colour and good
form ; while Grandeur of Cheshunt for its size and
brilliancy is likely to be a favourite.

In the class of Tea Roses there have been some
good Roses added to our lists during the past two
years. Souvenir de Theicse Level will be much
valued by those who are looking out for dark Teas,
and who would have admitted hybrid Teas into their
class in order to gain colour. Personally I do not
care for a high-coloured Tea Rose, at least anything
deeper in colour than Madame Lambard (whioh
Therese Levet certainly is). The great charm of Tea
Roses is their delicately beautiful colouring and the
refinement they display, and I must say that when-
ever I have seen this new Rose in a box, I have
thought how much better it would have looked if a
lighter Rose had been substituted for it. This is, of
course, a mere question of taste, and for those who
like colour this new Rose will be a welcome addition.
Francisca Kriiger is an excellent Rose, colour a sort of
coppery-rose, or any other indescribable colour, such
as occurs in this class, and defies the usual nomencla-
ture of colour. The Hon. Edith Giffard is a fine new
Tea Rose, in the way of Devoniensis, differing in the
character of foliage, very vigorous, and of a creamy-
white colour, it has been well exhibited, and [will
no doubt prove to be a very useful addition. Sunset,
an American Rose, has been once or twice shown, and
was very attractive ; it is said to be a sport from Perle
des Jardins, but darker in colour and shaded with
deep yellow. Etendard de Jeanne d'Arc is one
of the Gloire de Dijon race, and was raised by
my young friend, Jules Margottin, who is removing
from Bourg La Reine to Pierre Laflite, near St.
Denis, on the Northern Railway, where be hopes
to carry out, more successfully than even heretofore, his
culture of Roses, Grapes, &c. It is almost white, and
of dwarfer habit than Gloire. There are some other
Tea Roses which are well spoken of but on which,
not having seen, I cannot pass an opinion, such as
Edouard Gautier, Madame de Watterville, Rosalie,
and Souvenir de Rambaud.

Of the forthcoming Roses lillle if anything is known
in France, one indeed is coming out under a great
flourish of trumpets— Gloire Lyonnaise ; which might
have been heralded as a pedigree Rose. It has been
raised by Guillot fils, and is said to be the issue
of Madame Falcot and Baronese A. de Rothschild in
the third generation. I confess that this puzzles me
as much as the term " pedigree Rose" does. What
became of the first and second generations 1 Then
what is the difference between this and those which
are described here as hybrid Teas ? M. Guillot gives
this the high-sounding appellation of a yellow hybrid
perpetual, but if it is found after all to be more of a
hybrid Tea, I fear it will be rather disappointing.
Guillot himself (and he is a good judge, to whom we

owe some of our best Roses) appears to be very con-
fident of its success, for he has adopted the unusual
plan of keeping it back until he has got a stock of
3000 plants, and is letting it out at, to the French
raisers, the low figure of ten francs instead of
twenty-five ; not so a Portugese raiser, who is sending
out a Rose called Lusiades, for which he has the
modesty to ask fifty francs. It ought to be something
beyond anything we have yet seen, and I fancy we
shall have to wait a while before we see it. IVitd Rose.

The Perle des Jardins Rose. — Is this Rose
known to English growers generally ? If not, I feel
sure it would, from all I hear, well repay them to
make its acquaintance. It is said to be the finest
and most sweet-smelling Rose in California. The
foliage and the branches are likewise ornamental,
being rich and brilliant in their colouring, so that a
few of its lovely buds, encircled by their own sprays,
form one of the most exquisite bouquets imaginable.
The Californians are great Rose cultivators, and they
hold " Rose fairs " in the southern parts of the State.
There was one at Santa Barbara last year, when a
lady exhibited ninety varieties of Tea Roses, and had
a pyramid formed of the blossoms cut from fifty-seven
of the choicest specimen plants, and crowned with
sprays of Deutzia gracilis and Adiantum fronds. The
soil of Santa Barbara, as well as the climate, is said
to be especially suited for Rose culture, and the exhi-
bitions are often held at the end of April. The time,
though, depends on the rainy season, as the early rain
brings on the Rose buds, but if the rains are late the
fair does not take place before May. Helen Watney.
[Yes. Perle des Jardins is a well known and highly
valued variety, both for the garden and exhibition ; it
is said to be eclipsed by Etoile de Lyon, a Rose of the
same character.]

J4o;viE jiiJoRREiSPOjyDE^CE.

National Auricula, Carnation and Picotee
Societies (Southern Section). — Pray permit me to
remark, in reference to your report of a committee
meeting of these societies held at South Kensington
on the 14th inst., and by which I am informed that
Mr. James Douglas was elected sole secretary for the
ensuing year, that I have not resigned the post of
honorary and financial secretary to which I was
elected by the general meeting held on Feb. 12 last ;
and with great respect for the gentlemen your report
says were in attendance, I decline to admit their
power to set me aside in the very summary fashion
indicated. The election of office-bearers in the
societies has been hitherto noted in the annual
general meeting called by a circular issued to
the subscribers specifically setting out the busi-
ness to be transacted, and though we have not
hitherto had a code of formulated rules to follow,
we have had what constituted at least a safe
precedent. The summons for the meeting issued by
Mr. Douglas had no suggestions of a general meeting,
and the notice was not sent to every member of the
committee even— gentlemen elected simultaneously
with the renewed appointment of Mr. Douglas and
myself to our posts of joint hon. sees. Mr. Douglas
expressly states :— " I have written to the members of
the above committees who usually attend, asking them
to attend a meeting on Tuesday, 14th, to accept my
resignation. I have hope that you also will be able
to come." For the moment I abstain from further
remark, save this : If after eight years of arduous and
hearty service to the societies I am to suflfer the
indignity of expulsion, assuredly the work shall be
done in the open, and after the supporters of the
societies— the power that makes committees and
secretaries alike — have had opportunity to express
their sense in the matter. E. S. Dodwrll. Ovford
Oct. 21.

Notes from the Botanic Garden, Oxford.—
The Sorbus domestica in the Oxford Botanic Garden
has this year borne a crop of fine fruit. The tree is
one of the finest of its kind in England. It cannot
spread far eastward, being in close proximity to a large
Copper Beech, but from Inorth to south the diameter
of its head is 45 feet. It is 46 feet in height ; at

'he ground level 6 feet 8 inches in circumserence, and
at 3 I-,. ,i,Qve 4 feet 10 inches. The Nelumbium
aspericaule, >.v;nh, in the photograph sent, shows
one flower only, proa...,,! later on a good number ;
the same may be said of iscw-nbium luteum, the
flowers and leaves of which have been remarkably
fine, the latter measuring from iS to 23 inches in
diameter, and its flowers 9 to 10 inches in diameter.
The floriferous sucker of the American .'Vloe figured
in the Gardeners^ Chroniite^ short time ago, although
at this time not one year old, has produced on a
very small scale flowers (two only) and suckers which,
in ordinary cases, plants of its kind require a con-
siderable number of years to perfect. D,

Uredo Puccinia and ^cidium.— To prevent
misunderstanding, I hope that you will allow me to
say that you did not correctly report my remarks
in the address at Chingford (see p. 49S). I
simply objected — as at present unproven — to the
assumed genetic relationship of .ICcidium with Puc-
cinia, or Uredo ; the two latter are doubtlessly con-
nected, as they are constantly seen growing from the
same mycelium. .Ecidium, on the other hand, has
never been seen anatomically connected with either
Uredo or Puccinia. Neither did I denounce labora-
tory experiments, as reported ; my remarks on experi-
ments were entirely confined to the so-called heterce-
cismal laboratory experiments with the spores of
Puccinia graminis and .Ecidium berberidis. I of
course esteem laboratory experiments at a proper and
high value. IV. G. Smith,

Large Pears.— We have gathered from nine Pit-
maston Duchess trees, cultivated in pots of 10 inches
diameter, about 4 feet high, which we imported three
years ago from Messrs. Rivers & Son, of Sawbridge-
worth, fifty-two Pears weighing 62 lb. 10 oz., twenty-
four of which weighed 34 lb. 2 oz. ; four, 6 lb. 10 oz. ;
one, 2 lb. I oz. On two trees in pots of Beurre
Eachelier, of about the same dimensions, we had
fifteen Pears weighing 12 lb. 15 oz. ; of these two
weighed 2 lb. 6 oz. ; one, I lb. 4 oz. From two
Beurre Diel, also of the same description, thirteen
Pears weighed 12 lb. 10 oz ; of these two weighed
2 lb. 10 oz. ; one, I lb. 9 oz. The competition not
being great in this country I beg to inquire whether
we have attained merely a common success, or whether
we may lay claim to something more. We have further
a Grape, weighing 11 lb., ot White Nice, grown
under glass, but not forced. I may further add, thai
the fruit is all in perfect condition, the Pears are
beautiful in colour, jf. Ludecke, Gr, to R, M. Sloman,
Esij.^ HaJiihir^h,

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.—I am sure many who, like myself, have read
Mr. Cutler's letter in your issue of the iSih inst.,
deeply regret that the gardeners of the United King-
dom should manifest such indifference with regard to
the augmentation of the Pension Fund, and particularly
so when it is borne in mind that so small a sum is
required to reach the ^20,000 desired. The fact that
an anonymous donor has offered Cy>0 conditionally
upon the ^175° necessary to complete the fund
being forthcoming by December 31, his stimulated
the committee and well-wishers of the Institution so
far as to secure the amount within about ^1^420.
Surely if these facts were fully understood by the
great body of gardeners the ^420 would be obtained
with little difficulty. If the gardeners continue so
apathetic let those connected with them in the nur-
sery and seed trade, who take an interest in the
worthy objects of the Institution, determined Insecure
the .jfsoo offered by collecting the Z420, Gardeners
are not too well paid we know, but ii they brought
the claims of the Institution under the notice of their
employers I firmly believe it would be better sup-
ported. I suggest you should open a subscription
list for a special fund to secuie the /420, and if you
are willing I shall be happy to send you a contribu-
tion, and do my best to influence others to do the
same, so that the augmented Pensions Fund may be
available for the year 1885. N^ilh. Shciimod, Trustee
of the Gardeners' Benevolent Institution. [We shall
be pleased to receive any sums that may reach us for
the purpose indicated. Ed.]

Having read with great interest the various re-
ports of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution,
the last of which appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle
on October 18, may I ask i( it would be a wise policy
to publish a request in the Gardeners' Chronicle, and
the various papers which are connected with the hor-
ticultural profession, so that at least the majority of
the 20,000 gardeners who are employed might either
read or hear of it asking for a small contribution,
say one shilling each, which would neither break
nor make any one, and for which they would be
none the worse? Surely there are a great many
who, with the same feeling as myself, would be
pleased to subscribe a mite towards the support of
their fellow-creatures who have done their utmost
to place a profession in our hands when they
beco me (as we know we all may be) unable to

October 25, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

535

follow their daily toil. I feel sure there are many of
my opinion who would he greatly gratified to see a
good srnn raised by means of these simple sub-
scriptions, and who would, as myself, willingly give
them. J. P., a Non-Mcmbcr,

Hedychium Gardnerianum. — lean fullyendorse
all your currci-jiondent {October 1 1, p. 470) says in
praise of the above. I find it a good subject for
(illing Iirge glasses for the drawing-room, both on
account of its line spike, delicate perfume, and of the
lasting properties u-f its bold foliage, which keeps
quite fresh for a long time after the bloom has faded.
The last spike was cut here quite a fortni(jht ago, and
is quite fresh still. We have a young plant here in a
I2inch pot which last year threw up but one flower-
injj-shoot. This year it has madesix strong shoots, each
bearing a spike of bloom, two of which were 15 inches
in length. It has had no special treatment beyond
being wintered in the early vinery. It was kept
almost dry, and last spring it was not repotted, but
removed into the conservatory. When it commenced
to grow it had occasional doses of weak liquid
manure. W. //. Stcf^hens.

I am not at all surprised at the non-suc-
cess of Mr. Gough {Gardeners' ChroukU^ Oct. II,
p. 470) in flowering this beautiful /ingiberaceous
plant for such a length of time, as, being a native
of the East Indies, it requires considerably more
heat (when growing) than most occupants of our
conservatories, I have half-a-dozen large plants,
which grow freely and flower regularly every summer.
To do them well they require stove temperature
while growing, until the flower-spikes develope
themselves, when they can be removed to a green-
house or conservatory to expand, the flowers lasting
much longer, and the delicious scent much more
powerful under this treatment. After flowering they
should be kept in a warm light house until spring,
when repotting {if required) should be done, using a
rich, light compost, allowing plenty of pot-room,
giving them a light corner of the stove to make their
growth in. They are easily propagated by dividing
their roots, but care should be taken in watering
for some time both after potting and division.
Theo^ Highgatc. [We have received much cor-
respondence from admirers of this fine plant ;
but it contains nothing at all novel in the treat-
ment of the plant, that differs from that already
published. Ed.]

Jasminum officinale Fruiting. — The enclosed
examples of fruiting may possibly not be a novelty to
many, but as neither my employer nor myself had
noticed the Jasminum officinale in berry before, it is
thought sufficiently interesting to forward you a speci-
men. We have fruited the Ampelopsis Veitchii
freely before, but it has dropped off before colouring.
The seed in the enclosed purple berries seems ripe
enough to germinate. Doubtless we shall hear of
many instances of unusual seed-bearing in trees and
shrubs after the summer we have had, and also
of some freaks of Nature, likely to prove more in-
teresting than welcome. G. P,

The International Forestry Exhibition
Awards. — There have been already many dissatisfied
exhibitors as to the awards at this Exhibition, and I
beg to add my name as another who is aggrieved
with the awards of the judges. The programme
invited practical treatises and essay?, with the pro-
mise of premiums, money prizes, diplomas, medals,
&c. Having paid considerable attention to forestry
subjects from the year 1S67, when I acted as British
juror at the Paris Exhibition in the section of forest
products, and drew up the report on these to be sub-
mitted to Parliament. Since then I have been in
frequent communication with the heads of the Forest
Departments in the United S:ates, France, Austria,
and our colonies ; I therefore prepared and sent in
elaborate treatises on the following subjects, on
which information was sought by the committee : —
On the present and prospective sources of the timber
supplies of Great Britain, with statistics of the various
descriptions of timber imported during the past
twenty-five years; on the supply of Teak-wood for
ship-building purposes ; on the utilisation of forest
produce in the manufacture of paper ; on the
growth and management of Eucalyptus planta-
tions and their economic uses. These essays
averaged about fifty pages each of official post,
and necessarily involved a good deal of research,
besides costing over £\o paid for making fair
copies. After four months' deliberation I re-
ceived on the i8th inst. an announcement from the
secretary that the essays had been awarded bronze
medals, but coupled "with the condition that the
right of publishing these essays was to be surrendered
to the committee." I promptly responded that, as
an old author and journalist, I could use my literary
articles to better advantage, and requested the return
of my essays. I would suggest to your editorial
experience that the award of a bronze medal is an
excellent plan to obtain practical treatises for your
journal, and as it has probably been found to succeed

in this instatice, it will hereafter be followed by many
periodicals. P. L. Simmon-i's, S5, Finborough Road^
South Kemington^ October 2\,

Gladiolus The Bride. — "J. S," while crediting
Mr. Riches with having done good service in calling
attention to this valuable variety, would seem to
doubt its hardiness. Having had experience with it
for years past, both in the open ground and in pots, I
can assure **J. S." that it is quite hardy in well
drained soils ; I do not say it is hardy in stilf, cold,
or retentive soils simply because I have never tiied it
in these, indeed it is not the plant for such, and care
bhould be exercised that it does not get planted in
them, I have known it withstand 20° of frost with
impunity, and this when planted 3 inches deep, with
a mulching of spent hops which would add an ad-
ditional depth of from i to 2 inches ; so that no one
need be in doubt as to its hardiness, and where
it is left in the ground for two or three years it in-
creases with rapidity. It is of great service, however,
as a pot plant ; being easily forced it can be had in
flower without any undue forcing for Eastertide, at
which season it will be much appreciated, and I am
of opinion that the earliest flowered batch may by
proper treatment be had in flower again by Christmas.
I intend making the experiment, and shall be
glad to give the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle
the results on a future day, meanwhile if any
deem it worthy they may be experimenting in the
same direction. Of this I am convinced, that this
variety of Gladiolus Colvillei must ere long be among
the foremost of pot plants for conservatory and general
decorative purposes. Unlike the hybrids of Ganda-
vensis, which as a rule only produce one spike of
flowers to each corm, the variety under notice not
unfrequently sends up from two to four, and in the
case of extra strong corms even more than this, each
carrying from eight to twelve flowers. Already have
nurserymen and bouquet makers realised its value,
and use it extensively in all choice floral arrangements,
but it does not as yet appear to be duly appreciated in
private gardens. To those who may be purchasers
of it this autumn I may remark that a good sized
corm of this Gladiolus is only equal to that of an ordi-
nary Crocus, for it not unfrequently happens that the
characteristic size of its corms causes disappointment
to those unacquainted with it. Being easily grown it
may be confidently recommended to amateurs, and
the fact that it is very dwarf habited is only another
item favouring its more general use. E. yenkitis.

I do not doubt the practicability of planting

Gladiolus The Bride during the autumn, as that is
easy enough, but what I do doubt is the wisdom of so
doing, as the corms are not sufficiently hardy to stand
out in the open ground unprotected, and therefore
those who venture with them are more than likely to
lose them unless we again get a mild winter. There
are sheltered situations no doubt where this Gladiolus
wilt live if the border it is in is mulched with leaf-
mould or cocoa-nut fibre, as we have Tritonias, Ixias,
and Antholyzas that have been out for years so pro-
tected, and they always do remarkably well, and
flower far better than any in pots. The natural way
with bulbs is to leave them in the earth, and there
can, I think, be no doubt but that the right mode of
treating them is to pot them, instead of allowing them
to be exposed and dried, as they must of necessity
lose strength, instead of which, when they have soil
around them, they remain plump, and after a short
rest emit roots again. This is borne out by what
" R."says of those he has just examined, and it is the
same with all bulbous plants, as any one may see who
has to do with their management, y. S.

Bailey's Green-flesh Melon. — List spring a
few seeds of Bailey's Green-flesh Melon fell into my
hands, and I was informed that this Melon had been
awarded a Banksian Medal more than half a century
since. After growing it one would be inclined to ask
what progress we had made in improving the quality
of our Melons, I do not profess to be a judge of
Melons, simply because I have no love for them, but
they were highly approved of by my employers. As
a grower it was all that one could wish for— free,
hardy, handsome, and a good useful size. The wonder
is that Mr. Bailey has kept it true for more than half
a lifetime. It ought to be better known, especially
to those who are obliged to grow Melons in cold
frames lined with a little dung, &c. IVilliam Culver-
well^ Thorpe Perrow.

Habrothamnus elegans.— I send you flowers of
this plant from the open border. It has bloomed
here for several years past with only a mulching in
winter, and makes shoots from 5 to 6 feet in the
season. It has been killed to the ground twice by
sharp frost, but breaks up again in spring in the same
manner as Fuchsias do. It has now been in bloom
the greater part of the summer, thus proving that it is
deserving of cultivation out-of-doors. A situation on a
sheltered wall or in a house, and rather a dry soil, suit
it well, and a slight protection similar to that given to
Myrtle, or Aloysia citriodora. Fuchsias, &c., all of

which I grow in the same border, W. Divers^ Weir-
(on House^ Maidstone, [Nice racemes of bloom in an
uninjured condition, making a gay object if covering
a large area of wall. Ed.]

Jerusalem Artichokes.— This plant is flowering
freely here at present. I noticed eight stems bearing
fiirly developed flowers, and others showing signs of
bud. It does not usually bloom here, but I suppose
the fine warm summer has encouraged it to do so. I
remember seeing it in bloom in Norfolk a good many
years ago. The Times this week records two cases of
the plant flowering. G. //. White^ St, Mary Churchy
South Devon. [Several correspondents call attention
to the same fact. Ed.]

Gros Maroc Grape.— I can fully bear out what
Mr. Carmichael {p. 502) says with reference to this
fine Grape, as I saw Vines of it under his management
when he was at Nowton Court, which were growing
up the high back wall of one of the vineries there,
where they were planted between Black Alicantes ; and
though, as everybody knows, this variety puts on
colour very readily, the Gros Maroc beat it in a
striking manner, as the finish of the berries was per-
fect, even on bunches that were quite shaded and
almost touching the ground. A Grape that will do so
well and colour under such adverse conditions as
those though being under other Vines deserves to be
much better known ; and besides the qualities men-
tioned, it is also quite as good as most of the late sorts
in flavour. Judging from the notices of the shows it
seems coming into favour, as it appeared in several
exhibit.';, and I had the pleasure of seeing it at Gun-
nersbury Park, where Grapes are as well grown as
they are at any other place in the kingdom, y.
Sheppard,

Thinning Fruit Trees.— In a general way the
thinning of the wood of fruit trees is left till late in
the year, when they are subjected to their annual
pruning, but where time can be spared it is far better
to remove all superfluous wood during the summer
and autumn, as by so doing sun and air are let in and
have full play on the foliage and young shoots or
spurs, which then stand a chance of becoming well
budded and ripened before winter sets in. The trees
most benefited by this kind of attention at the present
late season are Peaches and Nectarines, which should
be gone over and have every shoot taken out that is
not required for laying in to 611 up up any vacant
space, or to be retained for bearing, as not only does
the thinning assist those left, but it is much pleasanter
to do such work now than it is by-and-bye when the
weather is cold, besides which any one going over
trees or bushes while they have the leaves can see at
once where they are too thick and can then cut out
accordingly. If this were only done with Apples
and Pears at, or before, this season we should not
witness so many with their branches crossed and
crowded, as though they may look tolerably thin and
open when bare, they appear, and are, crowded
when their foliage is on. Trees in this state seldom,
or never, bear freely, and what fruit they do have is
not of that fine quality it is when exposed to the
sun. S. IV.

Outdoor Black Hamburgh Grapes in York-
shire.— Herewith I beg to forward a sample of Ham-
burgh Grapes, the produce of a Vine growing on the
south side of a cottage in the village of Kirkby Wharfe,
distant a few hundred yards from where I write.
This is the first time for many years that the fruit has
got nearly ripe. My main object in sending them is to
show what sunshine can do for us {when we chance
to get enough of it) even in what is sometimes called,
by some of my southern gardening acquaintances,
'* cold Yorkshire." Had the Vine in question been
trained to a brick wall instead of a grey limestone
one, I have no doubt but that the fruit would
have been as ripe fully a week sooner. I ts
roots are growing in the natural soil and are en-
tirely covered by a brick pavement ; the small
courtyard in which it is planted having been paved
alt over with that material. Several leading
shoots made this year are fully 7 yards long, and
there are close upon a hundred bunches of fruit
on it similar to the one sent you. //. J. Clay*
ton, Grimston Gardens^ Tadcaster, [Finer and riper
than we ever saw before under like circum-
stances. Ed.]

Hyacinths and Bulbs for Early Work. — It

was not an uncommon proceeding with some of the
gardeners of forty years ago, when it was wished to
obtain early-blooming plants of the above, to take
away the frame from a disused Melon hotbed, and
to cut a hole of about 4 feet square, or more if the
bed was a big one, down to the bottom, within
which the pottedup bulbs were placed, usually in two
tiers, and then covered over with half-decayed
leal-mould that had been screened coarsely. Over
all were put a few boards and some of the spent hot-
bed dung. In this hole Hyacinths and other bulbs

536

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 1884.

required for early work made roots rapidly, and in
six weeks or thereabouts they were fit to be removed
into a place where a little light could be given them
for a few days previous to taking them into the
forcing-pit. X.

Androsace rotundifolia, — This novelty from the
Himalayas is likely to disappoint gardeners, however
interesting it may be to botanists. It contrasts un-
favourably with A. sarmentosa and A. lanuginosa,
though more easily cultivated than either. Its habit
is good, and in leaf it is not unlike a miniature
Primula sinensis : but the flower is wretched — a tiny
pinkish corolla in the middle of a large green calyx,
recalling those ugly deformities of the Polyanthus
tribe. In hopes that this might not be the normal
form, I saved some seed, and raised many seed-
lings, which are all alike. It is not likely there-
fore to become popular in our alpine gardens. C.
Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Oct. 20,

Ipomcea Bona-nox.— Seeds of this plant were
sent from Japan to Kew as a species of Convolvulus,
and described as the Mooncreeper, probably from its
habit of flowering during the night. It was originally
introduced to this country in 1773 from the West
Indies, but has never been widely cultivated nor very
popular. The large white flowers are conspicuous
enough, but their nocturnal duration is against
their being grown for decorative purposes. They
are borne in axillary, stalked few-flowered clusters,
and measure individually 4 or 5 inches long. For
lovers of the curious, however, there is every induce-
ment to add it to their collection. A figure of it
appeared long ago in the Botanical Magazine, t. 752,
and the flowering plant may be seen in the Water
Lily-house at Kew. F,

Peach Baron Dufour.— This but little known
sort, which was found by Colonel Dufour in an orchard
at Metz quite by chance, deserves, on account of its
size, beauty, and excellence, to be much more grown.
The Grosse Madeleine de Metz, as it is sometimes
designated, is a very large round fruit of 3! inches
broad, and 2\ Inches high. The skin is of a fine
greenish-yellow, dark reddish-brown on the sunny
side, and slightly woolly. The flesh is light yellow,
and near the stone reddish, melting, juicy, full of
saccharine matter, and of capital flavour. On a
south aspect the fruit is ripe at the end of August.
The tree is a vigorous grower, hardy, and an abundant
bearer. Garten und Blumen Zntting.

Aloysia citriodora.— Fine plants of this great
favourite can sometimes be met with in old-fashioned
gardens, growing in some warm nook, and astonish-
ing visitors by its great size. When planted against
a warm south wall and protected during the winter,
it is astonishing what a fine plant can be grown. One
was seen recently, planted ten years ago, in a suburban
garden, on a subsoil of somewhat cold clay, that
now covers nearly 200 superficial feet of wall. Such
side-shoots as can be utilised for the purpose are
trained horizontally, and so the width of the specimen
is extended year after year ; but the vigour of the
plant goes to produce straight upward shoots which,
reaching somewhat above the 10 feet of wall against
which it is planted, flower profusely during the
summer and early autumn. Every year this plant is
cut down to within 4 feet of the ground, the remain-
ing surface is then carefully strawed and covered with
mats, in addition coal ashes are heaped up against its
roots. The covering is taken off with the advent of
spring, and as genial weather sipiles upon it, activity
recommences, and a generous summer growth ensues.
D. E.

Horizontal Tubular Boilers. — Some two or
three years back the boiler in question was pro-
minently brought before your readers as a remarkably
good one, viz., simple in construction, not likely to
wear out in a few years, and economical both in
first cost and fuel. As there have doubtless been
several of your readers who have tried it, per-
mit me to suggest to them that it would be inter-
esting to know if they have found it to come up
to their expectations, and especially so in com-
parison with some other boiler of simple construc-
tion and in general use. My main object in asking
this is, I think, a perfectly honest one. I shall very
shortly have to replace a worn-out boiler that heals
2500 feet of 4inch pipe, I have a strong predilec-
tion for what I may term horizontal boilers, and am
desirous to know how the tubular form works. At
present I am in favour of a well made 8 feet long
simple saddle. Yorkshireman.

Violets. — Flowers of these have already made their
appearance, the most plentiful being those of The Czar,
which during the early part of the month were show-
ing freely on plants in sunny positions and which pro-
mise to be very plentiful when the right season comes.
The earliest among the frame kinds is Marie Louise,
which we have been gathering for some time, and a

very fine kind it is, as it sends up big blooms on long
stout stalks, and is a decided improvement on the old
Neapolitan. This we grew side by side with the one
just named, and though they were planted out by the
first week in May, and treated precisely the same as
the Marie Louise, we have not picked a flower from
them yet, but I always find they come in well for
succession and last on till quite late in the spring.
Besides being so early, the Marie Louise is a strong
grower, and very hardy, requiring only the shelter of
a cold frame to induce it to produce its lovely, dark,
sweet-scented blossoms inthegreatest abundance. J.S.

The following memoranda were taken on the occa-
sion of a recent visit to Mr. Waterer's nursery at
Knap Hill ;—

The Fern-leaved Sweet Chestnut is a curious
very narrow-leaved variety, resembling the Fem-
leaved Beech, but with much longer leaves. For the
sake of variety and curiosity it should be sparingly
introduced into plantations.

Fraxinus arbutifolia is a remarkably robust
vigorous growing! Ash, the young shoots and under-
surface of the leaves covered with rusty down, the
buds small, covered with coarse brownish hairs, very
different from the buds of the common Ash, for which
Tennyson got so much praise for finding out were of
a black colour !

Fraxinus globosa is a curious Ash, with a
rounded head like that of the mop-headed Robinia
Fseudacacia,

Tilia argentea. — This is a beautiful American (?)
Lime, but Mr, Waterer tells us there are two forms of
it not very readily distinguishable at sight, but one
has the faculty of growing well, tha other is just as
obstinate.

POPULUS ALHA PiCARDi. — This is a free-growing
form of the White Poplar, and said not to " canker "
as that species is apt to do.

PoPULUS Bolleana we have previously referred
to and illustrated, but mention again for the purpose
of saying that it improves upon acquaintance, and
is likely to form a very handsome free-growing
pyramidal White Poplar.

PopuLUS ALBA MACROPHYLLA is also a^very free-
growing, large-leaved form of the White Poplar.

Robinia Pseudacacia monophylla. — A remark-
able variety, which puzzles people at first sight. The
solitary leaflet at the end of the stalk is much larger
than ordinary, as if to compensate for the absence of
its fellows.

Robinia Pseudacacia Bessoniana is recom-
mended as a round-headed tree, good for avenues and
street planting. A row of it may be seen at Chiswick,
close by the entrance to the gardens of the Royal
Horticultural Society. We have rather an objection
to trees with small compound leaves for these pur-
poses, for when the leaves fall they do not fall in one
piece, but break up into thSir component parts, which
makes more litter to sweep up. However, this is
not of much consequence.

Acer Reitenbachii ? — This is apparently

a variety of the Norway Maple (A. platanoides),

similar to A. Schwedleri, but richer in colour and
colouring later.

Fagus ANTARCTICA is a low tree with close,
spreading, slender branches, the leaves in two ranks,
closely set, very shortly stalked, about half an inch
long, oblong obtuse serrate, rather leathery in con-
sistence, and dark green.

Ceanothus Gloirk de Versailles. — This
variety, grown against a wall, may he counted on to
supply its elegant trusses of pale blue flowers for
several months.

Crat.ilgus pyracantha Lalandei is a variety
of the common Pyracantha, with narrow oblong leaves
and dense clusters of small orange berries. It is said
to bear fruit more freely than the common kind.

Akebia ciuinata and Stauntonia latifolia,
two beautiful climbing plants, are hardy here. The
latter does, indeed, get cut to the ground in severe
winters, but speedily sends up its handsome shoots in
spring.

SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA. — One of the most
characteristic of weeping trees, its shoots falling over
each other like miniature cascades, and with rich
deep green foliage. On inquiry why this very beau-
tiful tree was not more common the answer given
was "spring frosts," which, with the thermometer
somewhere in the 8o's, was hard to realise at the
time.

The Weeping Hazel. — Among weeping trees
this is one of the most effective ; grafted so as to form
a standard it produces an admirable effect. Some
day perhaps we may be so fortunate as to get a purple
form,

Salix rigida PENDULA.— A very bold free-
growing Willow, with green shoots, large leafy
stipules, and broadly lanceolate serrulate leaves. It
is one of the handsomest of its class.

Ulmus MONTANA. — A golden variety of the pyra-
midal or monumental Elm, is a very striking plant.
Mixed with the ordinary form the contrast would be
magnificent,

Lonicera Maackii) Maximowicz, in Gartenflora,
t. 1162). — A hardy shrub, native of Southern] Man-
churia and Japan, with broad, lanceolate, shining
leaves, and irregularly tubular white flowers, with
spreading limb. Judging from the figure, this must
be a very effective hardy flowering shrub.

Corylopsis himalayana. — This is a shrub with
the habit and foliage of the Hazel, while the pen-
dulous racemes resemble the female spikes of the
Hornbeam, Carpinus Betulus, though the resemblance
is merely superficial, for the flowers have five oblong
obovate greenish petals and other marks of the
Hamamelis family. It is a native of the Eastern
Himalayas, at heights of from 5000—8000 feet. The
plate in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6779 (October), is
taken from a plant which flowered at Kew. We sus-
pect the plant would hardly resist a very severe winter
without protection.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN TOWN.

We find the usual display of these flowers in the
Temple Gardens, which, through the kind permis-
sion of the Benchers, the public are able to see for
the next few weeks ; indeed for the period the plants
will remain at their best. Both Mr. Newton, the
gardener of the Inner Temple, and Mr. Wright of
the Middle Temple Gardens, seem stimulated, by this
influx of the public to see the fine productions of their
skill, to vie in endeavouring to obtain by all possible
means the newest kinds, the biggest blooms asso-
ciated with healthy leafage, and as little legginess as
want of space and tall buildings permit. Mr. New-
ton's plants are arranged in a flattish bank that
allows not much leafage to be seen ; but is a good
method of showing off the blooms, as it has the effect
of a mixed flower-bed, whereas, the gardener of the
Middle Temple piles his plants so as to form a steeper
bank, which allows the particular healthy foliage of his
plants to be observed. The blooms in this latter col-
lection are decidedly the larger at the present time, and
seem likely to continue so ; but it is as yet rather early
to speak with confidence. In both collections there
are many novelties, but nothing that is a great advance
on older kinds. In the Middle Temple gardens there
were fine blooms of George Gordon, Monsieur Tarn,
James Mahood, Margot, a handsome flower— a while
tinged with rose, 'and lilac outer rays ; Monsieur Mou-
sillac. And in the Inner Temple gardens fine blooms
of Madame Clos, a violet-rose with a white centre ;
.Sacca vera,! a pi°k ; Salteri, a showy bloom, deep
red changing to scarlet, the central florets golden
spotted with scarlet j Monsieur Planchenau, Boule
d'Or, and Striatum perfectum, a white-striped violet.
The above-named blooms belong to the section of
hybrid Japanese varieties so much admired at the
present time.

October 25, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

537

FiNSBURY Park.— Ooe hardly expects to find
such a display of floral beauty in such close proximity
to the Metropolis as is to be seen this year at Kinsbury,
Undoubtedly the plants have received untiring care
and attention, and the degree of perfection they have
attained, under adverse circumstances, is of a very high
order. The plants, which are very clean and healthy,
are in 9-inch pots, and are arranged so that the
colours blend most happily. The following were
the most noticeable amongst the old varieties :— George
Cilenny, Comte de Germiny, La Nymphe, James
Salter, Lord Wulseley, Gloire de Toulouse, La
Charmcuse, Lidy Selborne, Tendresse, Mr. Bunn,
Chinaman {very good), Lord Derby, Elaine, Prince
Alfred, Curiosity, Striatum, Mrs. Heale, Gloire Rayon-
nante, and Alfred Salter. Amongst the new ones
were M. Moussillac, a deep crimson with pale centre;
Margot, rosy-lilac, white centre ; ^L Astorg, fine
while ; Annie Holborn, rosy-lilac, pale centre, large
bloom; L 'Or da Rhin, gamboge-yellow, twisted
florets ; M. Henri Jacotot, outer florets red, centre
yellow, large flower ; M. Blanc, bright rosy-pink ;
ilelveiie, rosy-carmine; Safrano, | canary-yellow,
fine ; M. Boyer, rosy-lilac ; Flamme de Punch,
orange-red streaked with golden-yellow, twisted
florets, large flower ; and Lord Alcester, primrose.
There are a great many varieties yet to bloom, which
will keep this exhibition interesting to visitors for
some time to come.

Massachusetts Horticultural : Boston^ Sept. 6.
— The last of the free exhibitions of this season was held
to-day in the Society's hall, and may be well called the
best of the season. The fruit was shown in great abun-
dance, and remarkably fair and handsome. C. M.
Hovey sliowed several new Cannas, among which we
noticed Canna Ehemanni, and C. Montoni. Gloxinias
and double Zinnias were exhibited by a number of con-
tributors, also herbaceous plants. Dahlias, Verbenas,
and Scabiosa. E. Sheppard & Sons, Lowell, Mass.,
showed a large collection of Dianthus vars. ol D.
Hedewigii and D. laciniaius from mixed seed of their
own saving. Mrs. P. D. Richards, West Medford.
showed forty-three native plants, twenty of which had
not been shown before.

In the fruit department we noticed the following variC'
ties of Apples :— Porter's, Ale.\andra, Pumpkin Sweet,
and Garden Royal. Pears : — Boussoch, Bartlett, Amalis,
and Tyson. Plums : — Yellow Egg, .Smith's Orleans,
Washington, Victoria, Lucombe's Nonsuch, Yellow
Gage, Princess Imperial Gage, Coe's Golden Drop,
Duane's Purple. Damson, and Jefferson. Grapes ;—
Moor's Early, Warden, Delaware Hartford, and Cham-
pion. The show of vegetables was large and excellent.

Boston, Sept. 16. — The annual exhibition held in
Horticultural Hall commenced to-day and continued four
days. The entrance to the hall was covered by a green
arch over the door, and the stairway lined with ever-
greens in pots, contributed by W. C. Strong. In the
upper hall the collection of plants was very fine, and
certainly surpassed anything of the kind ever shown here
before. W. C. Strong, Brighton, Massachusetts, exhi-
bited a large collection of ornamental foliage and ever-
green trees. Communicated.

STA TE OF THE WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, L0.\DO.\\
For the Week Ending Wednesday, October m, 1884.

0

Temperature of
THE Air.

llygrome-
trical De-
ductions

from

Glaisher's

Tables 6ih

Edition

> b

OcL I
16 '

In- ' In. , 8 . . ! .

' 3116 -t3.46'J» 051.5 95 50.3;+ 6a'44 e 67 N.W.

30 17 -i-3.47's8 052.0! 6.ojS4.9J-f S-»lso a, 85 { \y'^^j;j =^y

3019 ■r0 4^59.c'5i.o 8J546+4.J507J 85{!^;^jJ\y=

W.
WNW:
N. N\V.

E. :

W N W

»9 , 30 '3 -i-0 43 6o-o;47-5.fz.5'53 5

20 '3020 -(-04953 041.0 11 o'4S.t

« I30.1S 4-04i52.5;^-o| 8.547..8

n \ 39.99 +0 2S 57.5 41 s 14 o 49 5

Mcar.laan -l-o.,'4S7 3 17. 4' 9.9S2-

+ +9I50 7 85 J

I '

-I- 4.4'46.3 75

— 1339-8 74 1

+ 0,843,1! 79-

In.
0 00
o.co

0.00

I

o 03

o 00

.00

E :
E. N E

Oct. 16, — Fine day and night.

— 17. — Dull d.iy and night, but fine.

— 18.— Misty in early morning ; fine, dull day and night,

— 19, — Very fine morninc ; dull aficmoon and night.

— ic— Dense fog in caiTy morning ; fine, cloudy day and

night.

— 21 — Dull day, overcast ; fine clear ni^ht.

— 32. — \'cry fine bright day, and fine clear night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure^ — During the week
ending October iS, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea increased from 29.69 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30. oS inches by 9 a.m.
on the 13th, increased 1030.12 inches by midnight
on the fame day, decreased to 30,08 inches by 9 am,
on the I4lh, increased to 30.30 inches by 9 a.m ,
decreased to 3024 inches by 3 p.m. on the I5lh,
increased to 30.37 inches by midnight on the i6th,
decreased to 30.32 inches by 3 I'.M. on the lyih,
increased to 30.39 inches by 9 a.m. on the iSih,
decreased to 30 34. inches by 3 r.M. on the same day,
and was 30. 39 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was ^}, 20 inches, being 0.29 inch higher than last
week, and 032 inch above the average of the week.

Tempera: tire. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 61°, on the 16th, the highest
on the I2'.h was 49". 2. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 55*'.4- The lowest temperature
was 37".5, on the 13th; on the 17th the lowest
temperature was 52". The mean of the seven low
night temperatures was 44°. 9.

The greatest range ol temperature in one day was
17°. 5, on the 14th; the smallest was 6°, on the
I7ih. The mean of the seven daily ranges was
10°. 6,

The mean temperatures were — on the 12th, 44^ 3;
on the I3ih, 43°; on the 14th, 48^1; on the 15th,
50^7 ; on the i6th, 56^2 ; on the 17th, 54°. 9 ; and
on the iSlh, 54^6; of these the first three were
below their averages by 6°. 7, 7''.7 and 2°. 3, respec-
tively, and the rest were above by 0°.5, 6^2, 5°.!
and 4°.9 respectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 50". 3t
being i*.9 higher than last week, and the same as the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with .black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was S5°.5, on the 13'h. The mean of the seven daily
readings was 75'^.6.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 2'j°.^, on the I4lh.
The mean of the seven readings was 35°. 2.

/^ain. — Rain fell on the 12th and 13th to the
amount of 0.09 inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
October iS, the highest temperatures were 63", 2 at
Cambridge, 62*. 4 at Nottingham, 62^.2 at Bristol.
The highest at Bolton was 56", 6, at Preston 57°.5,
at Plymouth 59°. The general mean was 60°. 6.

The lowest temperatures were 29". 7 at Wolver-
hampton, 32°.5 at Bolton, 33^.7 at Bristol ; the lowest
at Truro and Liverpool was 39°, at Blackheath S7°-S'
The general mean was 35°.3.

The greatest ranges were 32^.2 at Wolverhampton,
2S*.5 at Bristol, 28" at Brighton ; the smallest ranges
were 21^.7 at Liverpool, 22° at Truro, 22". 5 at
Preston. Ttic general mean was 25°. 3.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 58°, at Bristol 57". 7, at Truro
and Sheffield 57". 6 ; and was lowest at Bradford,
53'.!, at Bolton 53°.5, and at Preston- 53°. 6. The
general mean was 55''-4.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Liverpool, 4S".5, at Truro 47°. I, at Preston
46 .8; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 42°. 6, at
Sunderland 42°. 7, and at Bradford 43''. I. The
general mean was 44° 8.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge
I3°.l, at Biislol I2''.9, at Brighton I2°.2 ; and was
least at Liverpool, 6". 2, at Preston 6''.S, and at Not-
tingham 9°. 8. The general mean was 10°. 6.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro,
5l°.3, at Shefiield 50°. 7, at Liverpool 50*.6; and was
lowest at Bradford, 47". I, at Wolverhampton 47^2,
at Bolton 47^5. The general mean was 49°. 2.

J^ain. — The largest falls were i.oo inch at Bolton,
0.56 inch at Truro, 0.54 inch at Preston ; the smallest
falls were o.oi inch at Wolverhampton, o 05 inch at
Bristol, o 06 inch at Brighton. The general mean
fall was 0.2S inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing October 18 the highest temperature was 62°, at
Perth ; at Greenock the highest was 56°. The general
mean was 59°. I.

The lowest temperature in the week was 33°. 5, at
Glasgow ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was
3S°.9. The general mean was 37°.i.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
51°. 3, and lowest at Perth, 48", I. The general mean
was 49°. 3.

Rain. — The largest fall was I 07 inch, at Aber-
deen, and the smallest fall was o.oS inch, at Leiih,
The general mean was 0.32 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R,S,

Answers to Correspondents.

ADtHiEss OF Mk. Bi.anI) -. Afixious Enquirer. Wo
cannot answer your question.

Black Currants : A Subscrihcr. As a manure shoddy
would answer your purpose, and is of lasting pro-
perties. Farmyard manure, blood manure, or guano,
and superphosphate, would all do. The strong antl
lasting manures, such as the second and third above
named, would favour the production of much wood,
and would therefore be more fitted to apply to youne
trees growing in poor soil than to old established
bushes, which, as a rule, if stimulated over-much,
make too much wood, and become excessively crowded
internally, to tlie detriment of the crop. Long well-
ripened shoots bear the most and the largest berries.

Bleaching Pampas-cjrass Plumes: Thomas Hankey.
The plumes are dried in the sun, under a glass roof,
and are afterwards hung in a large bo.\, or closet, in
small bunches, and lighted brimstone put into it, and
kept close for an hour or two. Care must bL* used to
prevent the ignition of the dried grass.

Boilers : Hortus. See our advertising columns.

Book on Forestry : P. R. D. Brown's Forester.

Book on Fruit Tree Pruning : C. H. M. Baltet
On Pruning is the best e.'itant.

Cinerarl^s Dying Off : E. F. H. See " Florists'
Flowers" for this week, the symptoms you complain
of being there indicated, and their cause.

Coronilla clauca : W. Rossiter. The plant sent
had a nice pyramidal and bubhy form, which, if con-
slant, will make it an improvement on the old variety,
providing it is as floriferous as it is hardy.

Crops Destroyed by Fly : H. Louth. We cannot
say what particular insect is causing the destruction.
The larva of the Cabbage-fly (Anthomya Brassicae)
is often troublesome, but that does not agree with the
mode of attack as described by you. Please send a
few perfect insects for identification, and samples of
eaten foliage.

Errata. — In "Grapes in Cool Vineries." at p. 460,
col. 2, line 7, read Oxton Hall, Tadcaster, not Orton
Hall, &c. ; also, at end of same notes, read H. J,
Clayton, Grimston, not Grimslow.

Fungi: A. B. S., Edinburi^h. 1, Agaricus albo-
cyaneus ; 2, Hygrophorus coccineus ; 3. Agaricus
umbelliferus ; 4, A. dealbatus ; 5, A. Fosnisecii. In
sending small examples, which speedily dry up and
perish, it is better to send more than one specimen.

Hyacinth : A'. Next week. The insects on the Hya-
cinth are mites, but we suspect they arc the conse-
quences, not the cause, of the disease.

I.n'SECTS : IV. J. G. It is a weevil, not uncommon, and
can be trapped with pieces of Carrots.

Names of Fruit: IV. D. ^ Sons, S. Pear Louise
Bonne of jersey. — J. B. Tibbets. Apple: Blenheim
Orange. Pears: i, Beurr^ Hardy ; 2, Beurr(^ d'Arem-
berg ; 3, Beurre Ranee. — A. ChaP7nan. i, Blenheim
Orange ; 2, Scarlet Russet ; 3, Small's Golden Pippin ;

4. Downton Pippin. — J. C. i, Bess Pool; 2, Red
Autumn Calville ; 3. Alfriston ; 4, Lincoln Pippin ;
5 and 6, Blenheim Orange ; 8, Yorkshire Greening ;
9, Tibbett's Pearmain ; 11, Duck's-bill (of Sussex) ;
13, Northern Greening ; 15, Colonel Vaughan.
Others not recognised. — T. B. S. Lincolnshire Holland
Pippin. — W. y. Clayton, i, Court-pendu Plat ; 2,
Sturmer Pippin ; 3, Cox's Pomona ; 4. Boston Russet ;

5. not recognised ; 6, Cockle Pippin ; 7, Imperial ;
8, Adams' Pearmain.— £". Pond. No. i is properly called
Cox's Pomona. The others are certainly wrong. We
do not recognise them. — Strebor. Scarlet Golden
Pippin. — Pomohgist. Apples next week.

Names of Plants : M. i. Glyceria distans ; 2, Lo-
lium perenne. — C. IV. D. Solidago leptocephala, or
tenuifolia. — Frank Tujnail. Vicia, not Cracca, but
probably varia, a French species sometimes intro-
duced.— F. C. Toms. Alopecurus bulbosus. — Owen
Thotnas. Oestrum calycinum and Ilex insignis. — ■ IV.

5. M. Clitoria ternatea. — H. J. C. 1, Specimen in-
sufficient ; 2, Cryptomeria japonica ; 3, Lastrea dila-
tata ; 4. Saponaria officinalis ; 5, Alchemilla alpina ;

6. Euonymus japonica, var. — C. H. P. i, Eryngium
pandanifolium ; 2, Origanum dictamnus ; 3. Scro-
phularia nodosa. — Argus, i, Adianlum concinnum ;
2, A. tenerum ; 3, Asplenium prxmorsum ; 4, Pteris
longifolia ; 5, Lastrea glabella ; specimens too small
and imperfect. — y. N. 6, Schisniatoglossis species ;

7. Meyenia erecta ; 8, Sanseveria zeylanica. We can-
not undertake to name your Crotons ; send them to
the nurseryman |from whom you bought them. — D.
White. The blooms are those of Cattleya maxima,

but are poor in size. — F. L. Oncidium Forbesii. —
'/. B. A variety of Aralia Sieboldi. — J. R. 1,
Urceolina pendula ; 2, Not recognisable. — IV. S.
r, Kerria japonica ; 2, Abelia floribimda ; 3, Sedum
spectabile ; 4, Pyrethrum uliginosum ; 5, Aster Novi-
Eelgii.
Giro OvERBECK. — Thanks for your offer, but we arc
not in want of such services as you offer us.

Pines Going Black in the Centre : E. T. This
is usually the result of too much moisture in the soil
during the ripening period. It often follows from
water-logging when the plants are in very large pote,
and are not o\'er-well rooted, and is less frequently
seen in smaller pots and porous compost. It seldom
occurs in well-drained beds, nor in peaty mixtures, in
which latter the Pine roots in a remarkable degree.

538

THE GARDENERS' CH ROM CLE.

[OcTOUEK 25, lS84,

Single Dahlias : J . Caraway &* Sons. The blooms
showed decorative qualities of a high degree, but not
more so than scores of others now in commerce.
Those which showed theD. glabrata strain the strongest
would no doubt prove of value, as being smaller
blooms, the tendency being in new flowers towards an
undue increase of size of bloom, rendering them
heavy, and by that reason drooping. — H. P. Of no
special value. Some of them seem hu't by cold.

Town Trees : T. T. By no means plant either Elms
or Limes in such a situation. Planes are the best,
some of the Maples are excellent, such as A. crio-
carpum and A. rubrum, or even the common Syca-
more. Some of the Pyrus are good, if they are to be
had in quantity sufficient. We cannot recommend
either Thorn or Horse Chestnut in such a loctlity.
Ailantus makes a magnificent tree, even in the most
smoky locality. For shrubs there is nothing to surpass
Hollies and Aucubas. Deciduous shrubs should be
introduced sparingly ; their appearance in smoky dis-
tricts is lugubrious.

Tuheroses : Subscriber. Pot them now, or at intervals
till the spring, using moderately rich sandy loam. Do
not use pots larger than 48"s for single bulbs, and
larger in proportion when you plant several together.
Put them deep enough to cover the shoulder of the
bulb. Give no water if you can avoid it till the bulbs
push, keeping the pots in a bottom-heat of 75° to 80^,
with a top-heat of from 50° by night to 65° or 70" by
day. Keep near the gla^s at all times, to prevent
drawing, and shift into cooler and better ventilated
quarters as they come into flower. They do well in
simple hot-beds, without glass, in the open air in
summer.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Andre Leroy, Angers — Price List of Fruit Trees,

Nuts, Vines, Strawberries, &c.
James W. Todman, Eltham — Hardy Trees and

Shrubs. Chrysanthemums, &c.
Messrs. Morle & Co., i, 2, and 162, Fenchurch Street,

E.C. : 80. St. Paul's Churchyard, EC; and at

Child's Hill, Finchley. N.W.— Bulbs, Miscellaneous

Plants.
Tnos. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham —

Roses, Climbing Plants, Deciduous Ornamental and

Flowering Shrubs.
Thomas Imrie & Sons, Ayr — Fruit Trees, Ornamental

Trees and Shrubs,
E. P. Dixon, Hull — Forest, Ornamental Trees, and

Shrubs.
Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset —

GladioH.
National Rose Society — Descriptive Catalogue of

Garden Roses.
Messrs. Williams & NORGATE—Book Circular.

Communications Received : R. P. F.— Douglas.— J. G. B.
-J Paee.— T. C— J. D— R. D.-Keir.— H. G — H. N. E.
— ri. W. W.-G K. J-W. T. C.-T. B— F. G, next
week.— J. H.— F. E.. next week.— H. L. C.-O. T.~E. H.
— E. A., Pans. — Hetb. Chapman.

Markets*

COVENT GARDEN, October 23.
Business dull, and prices generally lower. Kent
Cobs firm, with a slight rise, James IVebber, VVhotesaU
Apple Market.

FrOIT.— AVBRAGB WHOLESALE PRICES.

Apples, j4-*>>eve
C'jbs p;r 100 lb.
(drapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case.
MeloQS, each

s,d. s.d.

16-40

, 60 o-'ia 6

06-40

210-..

. . 16-30

s. d. s d.
Pine-apples, Eng.,lb. 40-50
Teaches per doz. .. a 0-12 o
Pears, Frtiuch, doz. 16-36
Pines, St. Michael's,
each .. ..30-60

Vegetables — Avbragh Retail Prices.
s. d, s. d.
Globe,

Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-

— Cos, each .. o a-
Marrows, each ..02-
Mint. green, bunch., o 4-
Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- :
Onions, per bushel . 4 o-

— Spring, per bun. o 6-
Patsley, per bunch, ■ o 4-
Radishes, per doj, ..16-
ScLikale, per purinet 3 6-
Small saladiug. per

punnet . . ..04-

Spinach, per bushel 2 6-
Tomatos, per lb. . . o fi-
Turnips, bun. ..05-

PoTATOS.— Magnum Bonums, 50^. lo 70^. ; Regents, jos. to I
per ton. Trade very quiet.

Plants in Pots.— Averagb Wholesale Prices.

Artichokes,

per doz, .. ..20-40

Beans, French, lb. 04-..
Beet, per doz. -. i o- ..

Cabbages, per doz. . . 16-20
Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..
CauUHowers, Eug

hsh, dozen..
Celery, per bundle..
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, EngUsh, per

dozen .. ..

Garlic, per lb. ..06-

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Horse Radish, per

bundle .. ..30-40

.10-26
, 16-26
,06-10

.. I o- ..

d. s. d.

J. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen , . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per doutn . . 40-80
Begonias, per dnz. .. 4 o-ia o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 c-i8 o
Chrysanth., doien .. 40- 90
Cockscombji, di.z. .. 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 30-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracxna term. doz... 30 0-60 o

— viridis, per doz.. 12 c-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. -.6 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen ., ..6 0-24 o

.. d. I. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o

Ficus clastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..3 o-io o

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen . .

Mignonette, per doz

Myrtles, per doz, ..

Palms in variety,
each . .

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..

Primula sinensis, per
dozen , . ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 0

8 o-is o
30-60
6 o-ia o

3 6-21 o

40-60

Cut Flowers.
i
Abutilon, 13 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, la bims. 3
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz ,. 3
Carnations, 12 blms t
Chrysanth., 12 bun. -^
— large, 12 blooms 2
Cornllower, 12 bjn . z
Cjclamen, la blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12 bs, 2
Gardenias, la blras.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

J2 spikes .. ..I

Heliotropes, 12 sp. ,. o
Lapagerta. white, 13

blooms .. ,,3

—Average Wholesalb Prices.
d. s. d. s, d. s. d.

Lapagerla, red, 13

biuuinti .. ..10-20

Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60

Mignonette, la bun. 10-40

Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. ..09-10

— scarlet, 12 sprays 04-06
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Roses (indnor), doz. 20-60

— (ouidooi), 12 bun.12 o~ ..
Stephanoti-, 12 spr. 40-80
Sweet Peas, la bun. 16-40

9- 1 o
0-60
0-20
090
c- 4 o
0-40
3-06

0-60
0-60
0-60

6-10
0-30

TropEolum. 12 bun.
Tuberoses, per doz..
Violets. 12 bun.

— French, bunch..

— Parme, Fr., bun.
Walin.wer, 12 bun..
Wmte Jasmine, per

I o-

2 o
I 6
1 6
10-16

3 c- 4 o
40-60

rch

..06-10

SEEDS.

London : October 22. — Thtr^ was very little business
passing on the seed market to-day, the attendance b-ing
limited. As regards Clover seeds generally, no di-posi-
tion to purcliase any description of same yet shows itself.
For Italian Rye-grass lower quotations are received;
rather higher prices are, however, asked for pertnnials.
Canary seed is held for an advance, but the s;tK; con-
tinues slow. New Hemp seed ii now arriving. Rather
lower rates are accepted for leeding Linseed. J(//2n
Shaw 6* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C,

CORN.

Ai Mark Lane on Monday English Wheat met only a
very limited inquiry, but sales were not pressed at any
decline. In foreign Wheat there was hardly sufficient
done to establish any quotable change in piices, but the
tendency was against the holder. Sales uf flotir were
ditftcull to effect at previous rates. Fine malting b.ulcy
was lairly firm, but grinding descriptions must be wriiieii
as rather ea.^ier on the week. Beans moved off in retail
quantities at previous rates, and the s.ime may be s:iid of
I'eas. Prices for O.iis, with a slow snle, coinjjared barely
up to iliosc of Monday se'nnight, but good old corn was
scarce, and for the week 3(f. to 5./. dearer. Maize was
firm, round corn ruling quite t,(L, in some instances 61/.,
above the rales of the previous Monday. On Wednes-
day there was but little if any change in the trade.
Neiiher English nor foreign Wheal cr hour met inquiry.
Barley, Beans, and Peas were quiet, without ch,inge in
prices. Maize was firm, but slow. For Oats futl tcnns
were required, bin demand was languid. — .■\veriige pri-^es
ol corn lor the we<.k ending Oct. 18 : — Wheat, 32J. ^(/. ;
Barley, 315. iid. ; O.tts, igr. For the corresponding
period last year: — Wheal, 4c j. 6d. \ Barley, 341. 6(/. ;
Oats, 19J. nd.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday, with more than
adequate supply, middling and plain cattle were a diffi-
cult sale, at lower prices. Prime and choice English
were scirce, and were not so appreciably cheaper ;
nevertheless even they barely supported late extreme
rates. In the sheep trade choice neat weights of Eng-
hsh supported late value, whilst the Urge and coarse
qu iSities were difticuli to sell and lower. For prime
qualiiy calves rates were nominal. Quotations : —
Beasts, 31. lod. to 5^. , and 5^. Ad. to 55. ^d. ; calves,
3J. 4^. to 5J. 6d. \ sheep, 41. 6)d. to 5^^. 2d., and bs. to
ts. 6d. — On Thursday there was no feature in the trade.
The supply of beasts, though not large, was more than
sufficient. Prime breeds were steady, but other kinds
weak. Sheep sold slowly, without change. Calves and
pigs were quiet and unaltered.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report states that there
were large supplies, especially of Clover, whicli was very
dull of sale. Straw also sold slowly. Quotations ; —
Clover, first quality, 95.;. to no*. ; inferior, 60s. to 751. ;
prime second cut, goj. lo nor. ; h^iy, first quality, iios.
to gSj. ; mferior, 40.T. to Gsr. ; and straw. 28J. to 36J.
per load. — On Thursday there was a rather large supply.
Trade was dull at drooping prices. — Ihe Cumberland
market report states there was a fair supply, with raiher
slow demand. Quotations : — Clover, best, o8j-, to io8j. ;
inferior, 6or. to 70;, ; meadow hay, best, tJor. to 88'. ;
inferior, 5or. to 70J. ; and straw, 28J. to 34^. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields miikets reports state
that suppli' s are fully adequate to demand, which is by no
means br;sk. In values there was little change, and our
previous quotations are still current. — The imports into
London last week consi■^ted of 250 bags from Bremen,
1217 Hamburgh, and 108 from Rotterdam.

COALS.

The following are the prices at market during the
week : — East Wylam, i$s. 6d. ; Walls End — Barton,
\js. ; Tyne (imscreened), z\s. ^d. ; Helton, 19T. ; Helton
Lyons, i-js. ; Lambton, i8j. 6d. ; Wear, lys. ; Tun-
stall, 17s. ; Hulam, ijs. -^d. ; East Hartlepool, i8j. 3-/. ;
South Hartlepool, i-js. 3d. ; Tees, ig.r.

Q-Overnment Stock. — Consols closed on Mond.iy
at looj to looj for delivery, and looj to loi for the
account. Tuesday's final figures were looj to loi for
delivery, and loi^V to loi i"*,^ for the account. On Wed-
nesday prices closed for delivery as on the day previous,
and ioo{3 to ioitV ^^^ *he account. Thursday's final
quotations were ioo| lo loo^ for delivery, and looj to
Toi for the account.

PRU IT TREES FOR SALE,

-*- in quantities-

Favourite Cluster DAMSUN, standa'd and ha'f ; Virtr.ria cr
Doluhm PLUM, stanc3atd and halt ; Hush and New Orleans
PLUM, siandardaiidhxlf ; Wari.er b King and Sumt'i. PLUM,
standard and half; aoooiLadand Bub r.t)OSEFJb,RRI KS .
20C00 Black Naples and Red CURKANIS COE TKKES.
40J0 WELLING ruN IAS. ao.coDUusierDAMtO.^J SPAWN,
3 to 4 feet. Terms cash with order.

A. SE.\RS. Mr. Skiuner's, East Faileigh. Kent.

R H O DODEN PR O N S.

ISAAC DAV1E8 & SON

Have an immense stock of the above to otTi r,
from H to 4 feet hi^^b, thickly covered wiih
flower-buds ; from the common kind to tie
choicest varieties in cuUivaiion, and incltid'r j;
many new ones of our own raising, of wh ch
we hold the entire stock.

RHOUODENDKONS hibnd seedlings, various cclcur?, fiie
bushes, 3 to 4 (eef, 3 >s. 10 40.'. p-jr doz n ; 3J4 to 3 eit,
iS'. f'fr do/en, jCj pic i^o.
,, selected hybrid si^iJuiMg •, wiih c lour Iab':IIed on fach

plant, fine bu be^. aj-i 10 4 't;er, ^^t to 3^1. per drztn.
,, ch >ice iiarned kitid>(in;i.id:ng imny be;iuiiiul v.irietits of
our own rsisiii^-) line b ishy 1 I ii.ts, 1 54 10 3^3 feit, jov ,
4or to dcs. per di'^en,

"j^' Over 50 in every ico of the above well set
with buds.

RHODODENDRON-, mixed hj h.id leedlines. in great
variety i f colours, and Ir m e n ly and fate siraiitS, nice
luihy p'ant', 15 inches h-i;h. 50J p»fr loo
,, seeaiiiigs from uur cho ce t and nf\»est kind-:, each vaiiety
kept st^p.irate, and can b: svu-plerl in a lair pro^x rLi>->u
of each; bushy p'ants. 9 to 12 inches high, 3:11. per 100.

HOLLIES, &C

The foUowiog carry fine ball, oi i' ois, and a:e in excellent

conoiii^n far lemtvjl ; —
HOLLY, Hodgin's, fine pyramidal plants, 2 lo 4 feet high, sj.
to 3J 6tt «ach,
„ varitgatcd, in sx!5, 2to4 feet high, well firmed plant=,

ai. to 31 Cd. eich.
,, common lireen, iJ4 to 2% and 3 feet hi>;h, (s. to 91. and
t7s pc doz'.n.
PRIVET, Oval-ie3v,^d, strong and bushy, sj; to 6 feet hifth,

ej , 8j i6f.. to ?5r per 10^
DAPHNE MEZiiREUAL bu-hyaod covered wi.h buds, isto
J 8 inches hieh ; red.;, 4s pcrdi zen 251 per ico; whitc>,
4s per do;en, ^o'. per roo.

PLANTS SUITABLE FOR POTTING.

RHODOUbNDKON.i, h) bnd seedin gs, of various colours,

z%to X feet, green, bushy plants, all covered with buds,

15'. per dozen, ^5 per 100.
,, PR/ECt)X, fiiiod bushy plants, covered with buds, i3S. to

i8jr. per d' zen.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, fiom three or four of the best

variiies, distinct hght and daik colnats, each krpt

SfpHrait-, nice bushes, live tu twelve buds on each, 9*.

per d 'zen. 50T, per ito
,, PONTICA. bushy plants, well budded, 6s., qs. to i3,r.

per dozen.
,, DaVIESH. beautiful trusses of while sweet-i-cent'd

flowers, best tA all for forcing, fine plant?, well-budded,

2^j. to ys p?r dozen
„ AVALANCHE, pu'e while sweet-5ceiited tlowerp, veiy

compact and bushv growing plant; uice plants, well-

bu'ded. ys 6d each. 245 per doien.
ANDROMEDA FLORiBU.NOA, i.Ke bushes, a mass of

fl wer-buds, I2J. per doztn,
PERNETTVa speck 'SA (our own variety), qiiile haidy,

berries pink, well brrne l plants iij-. per dtzen,
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, wtli e.-tsbli>heL. (iwelve months) in

pots, very j;r;eii, and thickly covered Wiih lerries : large

wnd weU 'ormcd piant'^, \Ss. l> 24s f.er d' Zrrii.
We now hold a very l.nrpe stock of our be:(Uiilul v.Trieiies of
SA-eet-scenfrd RHODODENDRONS at.d AZ.^l.EAS
CA i'ALt iGUE, Uiby descnbii.g ihem and containing prices o?
ourGKNtRAL NURSERY hTOCK, will be rcrwaided ic
any addrei-s on app icaiion.

Alt goods tree o>t Rntl^hui a ivt.itl charge rvi I be tiiadf/of
package. Casli or r^-fe-cce from it'ii-novit correspo'idetits.

ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

COMTE BRAZZA'S NEW DOUBLE
WHITE VIOLET,

"WHITE NEAPOLITAN."

Veiy large, pure white, sweetly scented fljwers. Without
q-iosiion the finest Violet in cultivation. For full description,
see New CATALOGUE of Roses, Trees, Shrubs, and Floii'ts'
Flowtii, free on application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHA.M. LONDON.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING&CO.

Roses for Removal In

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and ixs.
Hall- ■standards ,, ,, „ .. 15/. ,, iZs.

Dwarfs ,, ., i. •■ 9^- >. 12'.

Our selection of above Pcrpetu^ts.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled qiahiy.

Rose Growers. Fore-^l Hill. S.E.

BULB CATALOGUE,
"HOOPER'S."

The most coiiipUle. The lowest prkcs.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 43., which la retarnea in the first purchase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.

October 25, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

539

Establlslied 20 years.

HERBACEOUS P^. ONIES.
Now is the time to plant. ,

A very select Collection of about 60 choicest varieties, m
various shades of Primrose, Lemon, Pink, Rose, White, Lnm.
SOD, &c., many ol them sweetly scented. E.xtra strong bloom-
ing plants OJ.. i?^-, and i8i. per dozci-.

I.J. MARRlliri' Hichfiel.' Nutsenes. Mallocli.

Planting.

WFROMOW AND SONS invite the
• attention of Gentlemen, Builders, Gatdcnfrs, and
others, intending planting, to in..-p:-ct iheir stock of B H'^.B';'-
DENDRONS, TREES, SHRUBS. ROSES, CLIMBERS,
&c. which cannot he snrpaised. Prices will be found low for
really good siutf. delivered (ree »ithin lo miles. DescMpt.ye
CA I'ALOtiUE ol Plants, Bulbs, Sc^eds. &c. post-free onappll-
cation, button Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W.

Branch Nurseries ; Hounslow and Acton Green.

OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to PLant Trees and Shrubs, Stc, this autumn, that their
stJck of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best 10 view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries. Wandsworth Common, S.W.

HOUSE'S " PERFECT ^MARROW "
PE.^S can be obtained from the following Firms : —
Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsditch, London. E.
,. NUTTING AND SON?=, 6^. Barbican, London, E.C,
,, HOWCROFT AND \V ATKINS, 14, Tavistock Row,

Covent Garden, W.C.
„ BARR AND SON. 12, King Street. Govern Garden, W C.
,, J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, 2, Excnange Row,

Nottingham.

„ DICK RADCLYFFE and CO., uS and isg. High

Holborn, W C. „ , ,

„ J \MESVE ITCH AND SON, King's Road, Chelsea,S.W.

„ HY. CL.\RK AND SONS, 39. King Street, Covent

Garden W.C.
,, CHAS TURNER. Slough.
„ DaNIFLS BROS., Norwich.

,, CH.AS. SHARPb. AND CO.. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.
„ LANE AND MARTIN, 227. Brixton Road, London, S.W.
Retail, price ij. per half-pint packet. Wholesale price on
application to

J. HOUSE, Seed Store. Peterborough.

Sweet Winter Flowers.

VIOLETS — VIOLET S.—
Now is the lime to plant for winter. Laige clumps full
of fl:>wer, specially grown for winter flowering.

HUGH LOW AND CO. invite inspection
by inlendine purchasers of their very larRC and unu>ually
fine stock. fAPKlCOl'S, CHtRKIES, DAMSONS. _N EC-
TARINFS. PEACHES. PEARS, and PLUMS, growing at
their Nursery, near Enheld, about five minuies' walk trom the
Buvh Hill Park Station of the Great Eat.tetn Railway. Also
ROSES. Standards and Dwarfs, POT ROSES, GKAPE
VINES, in larpe quantities. 33 large Houses and numerous
ranges of pits filled with choice stock, largely winter and .opting
fljwering. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

Doubles.
Belle de Chaienay,
Blandyanum,
Mane Louise,
Neapolitan,
Patrie,
Princess Marie de Savoy,

Argentxflora,
Neapolitan.
Odoratissima,
Victoria Regina,
The Czar.
White Czar,

65 per dozea, 4^J. per icu

Ccmte Brazia's New Double White Neapolitan. iZs. per dozen.

One of each, package free, -js. td.

Usual Trade Discount.

FRED. PERKINS, Nurseryir^an, Regent Street, Leamington.

Nurseries, Old Kenilworih Road, and Lillingion Avenue.

Early Flowering Ctirysantbeinums.

GOLDEN MADAME DESCRANGE.

"lAfATSON AND SONS, of Marlborough

VV Nursery, Halliio'd Street, Islington, N., having ob-
tained a golden torm of Madame Diisgrange, will be prepared to
send it out in April next. O ders executed in Mrict relation.
Early orders, as the stock will bs limiied. It is a great acqui-
sition and the C'limlctpart of Maf^sme De^grange in all but
colour. Grand plants of ALEXANDRE DUFOUR in 32's
and 48*5, now in flower.

Winter Flowering Tree Carnations.

W HOWARD, Southgate, N., can supply
• good strong well furnished Plants, from the open
ground, of all the varieties worth growing, including ihe new
ones of this year, also ADIANTUM cunealum. in 48s and
33's, very good; do. farlevense, in 48''; : CYPERUS alterni-
lolius variegatus ; DRAC/ENA striata. Green, a fint vaiiety for
Conservatory; GARDEN IAS in all sizes ; bTEPHANOTlS
in all sizes; ASPIDISTRA lurida variegata.

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.—
ALDER, ASH. BIRCH. ELM. Austrian PINE.
MAPLE, OAK (English). PRIVET ovalift.ba, PRIVET
Evergreen, All the ab.we gnod stout sinff. from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in vaiiciy. from 4 to 10 fed ; THORN
QUICK, 7. 4, and 5 feet : VEW.S, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES, ^t to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOI.IA, ij-i to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feei ; Golden ELDER.
Ribcs CURRANTb, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to q feet : sp'endid siufF, all recently transplanted
IVIES in variety. LAURH.LS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
^t0';(eet; RETINtJSPOR AS. in ^oits, i to 6 f-et ; English
YEWS, 2t0 4fe'^t. fine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunnm-
him's White CAUCASICUM PiCTUM JACKSONIANA,
&c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent.

EA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for

Forcing. — Fine plants of all the best varieties, including
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jatdms, Etoile de
Lyon, Madame Lambard. &c., at 54^ to 305. per drzen ;
emaller size, bushv rlant^, in 5-inch pots. 151. to i8.r. p?r dozen.
Also extra strong CLIMBING kO>ES, in Pots, for Conserva-
tory hlanting — Mar^chal Niel, Climbiog Devoniefsis. VV. A.
Richardson. Keine Marie Henrieite, La Marque. Triomphe de
Rennes, and many others, as. 6./., 3^. td. and 51. each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON. The Nurseries, Bath.

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

WIREWOBK.

SUSPENDING BASKETS
FLOWER STANDS
WIRE TRELLIS
VINE TRELLIS
PEACH TRELLIS
ESPALIER
WALL WIRING
COVERED WAYS
a.ARDEN ARCHES
WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

WIREWOKK.

ROSERIES
R05E TEMPLES
ROSE FENCES
ROSE TRAINERS
ROSE SCREENS
BALLOON TRAINERS
WIRE NETTING
PHEASANTRIES
AVIARIES

IRON and WIRE

FENCING.
ORNAMENTAL GARDEN
FENCING [ING

STRAINED WIRE FENC-
BARB WIRE FENCING
HURDLE FENCING
CONTINUOUS FENCING
DOG KENNEL FENCING
POULTRY FENCING

HOT- WATER.
WORK.

BOILERS, VARIOUS
HOT-WATER FITTINGS

FOR

GREENHOUSES

CONSERVATORIES

MANSIONS

PUBLIC BUILDINSS

WINTER COVEEING FOR VINE BORDERS.

Illustrated CATALOGUES on application.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

vineries. Stoves, Greerjbonses, Peacn Houses, Forcing Houses, &e., constmcted °" °>" /"-P™"? Rlf"' ?*' '1°

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class ol work,

^ Conservatorie's Md Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm
fromthrs^TStJotLlTrge" Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Saslies, Hothed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Finns, Estimates aiui Catatogius free. Cttstntners watted on in any part of the Ktnsaom.

Our Maxim i.s and always has been — .,.«,««»«.*.

MODERATE CHARGES. FIEST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

Every plant is well-grown, and my Standard,
Half-Standard, and Uwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever offered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

FRANK CANT,

THE MILE END NURS6.R1ES, COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 1st Prizes for Roses. '■ No Con-
nection wltb any other Person of the s.<vme Name "

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE BEFOSE.

4^. per bushel ; loo for 25*. ; truck (loose, about a tons),

405. ; 4.1jushel bags, iii, each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6rf. per saclt ;

5 sacks, rsJ ; sacks. 4*7'. each.
BLACK FlUROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 2U. ; sacks,

4^. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. is. qJ. per bushel; IJI. per half

ton, 26i. per ton ; in a-bushel bags. ^ti. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-

MOULD, ij per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MO,<;S, 8s. 6rf per sack.
MANUKH.S, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-

B.^CCO CLOIH, RUS-IA MATS.&c. Write for Free

Price LIST — H. G SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Sireet,

Drury Lane (Uely called .7 A. Coal Yard). W.C.

OCO.A.-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Sociely
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 255., free on to the following
rails : — Great Western, Great Northern, Great Eastern, London
and Nor.h. Western, and Midland, other lines 30J., in sacks ij :
30 sacks .^i ss. ; 15 sacks or more free on to rail. Cash with all
orders Will oblige. — J. STEVKNS and CO., '■Greyhound"
Yard, and 15J, High Street, Baltersea, S.W. Established 1871.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is., 23. 6d , and lOs. 6d. each ; also In
Sealed Bags. 1 owt., 13s.

IMANUFACTUKED BY

W.H.Beeson,Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield,

wnolesale AgentB In Lonaon : Corry, Soper, Fowler

& Co., Limited, i8, Fiubbury biicet, K.C , and Shad Ihames,
Lonaon, ^.H. supplies can be obtained through all respeciable
Seedsmen and Florists in the Kingdom.
Pure Crushed UnboiUd BONES, arty size, /or Vine Borders.

By Permission of the Hon. Board of Cttstoms
DUTY FREE.

TOBACCO PREPARATIONS

For Horticultural Use.

NICOTINE SOAP.

(PATENT.)

An Effectual and Speedy Eradicator of

Scale, Thrips. Greenfly, Mealy-bug, Red-spider,

American Blight, and all Parasites affecting

Plants, without Injury to Foliage.

The Manufacturers have great pleisuie m brirEing to the
notice of Horiiculturii^ts geneiaily thi'j valuable preparjiion, the
basis of which is Nicoiine, or the Oil of Tubacco, with which is
bended oiher es.seniial ingredients, to render it av.iilable as a
general INSE(..TIC1DE thit maybe used as a Wa.^h or Dip
for out or indoor plants. It is well known that Tobacco, in
various form>, is resorted to as one of the best remedies lor
Cleansing Piants of Parasites, but owing to the high Duty of
IS. td. per pound, it has been too expensive lor general use.

Sold in Jars, 8 oz., is 6c^. ; 3o oz., 31 ; and in Tins, 14 lb.,
i5f. 6rf. ; and Drums, 28 lb., =5^. ; 5^ lb., S-^s. \ it2lb., 951.
P'ull directions lor u^e upon each package.

And 2 oz. Sample Jars, 6rf. each.

** LONDON " TOBACCO POWDER.— This pre-
paration consists of best Virginian Tobacco, fiacly eround,
and mixed with other ingredients of an essemial character.
Price, in Tins, i lb., is : 3 lb., 25. 6i. ; and 5 lb., \s. ; or,
in Bulk, Cl »2i. per cwt.

**IiONDON'» TOBACCO JUICE (Free of

Dutyi — Manufactured from strong American Leaf
ToDacco, and highly Concentrated, bold in Bottles, u.,
pints; IJ'. gi-, qu..rts ; 2J. dd., half-galU. ; and 4J-. galls.
Or in Casks of 10 galls, upwards, at is. td. per gall.

AND THEIR HIGHLY ESTEEMED

TOBACCO-PAPER, CLOTH, and CORD,

(or FUMIGATING GREENHOUSES.

Sole Manufacturers:

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER

AND COMPANY (Limited),
Offl05S and Show Rooms. 18, FINSBUBY STitEET, E.C.

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores,
SHAD THAMES, LONDON, S.E.

540

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 18

I^;??r,®^?,^'* Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.
i^IBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.-

c. m'^°"i'' FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Mo»ePlants.&c.,^6 6j.perTruck- BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
lor KhoaodKTidrons, Azaleas, Healhs, American Plant Beds. 15J.
per ton per Truck. Sample BaE. 51- : 5 Bags. I2J. &/. ; 10 Bass,
*'orr ?,',??, "'o'^'"'''''- f '=*'' SPHAGNUM. 10s. U. per Bag.
'' , ,,?,., "^' Coarse or Fine. 52J. per Truclt of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Fainborough Station, Hants.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

^.^^ Two Prize Medals. ^^^^s'

Quality, THE BEST In tUe Market. (All sacks included>

nf ^J' f"^' brown fibrous . . 41 bd. per sack ; 5 sacks for acs.

I'tAT, best black fibrous . . 3J, 6(^. „ ^ sacks fori c*

PEAT, extra selected Orchid sr. orf. " ^

LOAM, best yellow fibinus . . ^

PREPARED COM POST.best I ,_ ,

LEAF MOULD, best only f"- P" ''"-■'■ (si>^ks included).

PEAT MOULD „ J

Ra''ff^IA IrlRRi-TT ■ V- 3''' ?"•'">■'>•. '"• h^lf ""•. '"ion
KAtfJA MbRE. best only. . .. S,/ ner Ih

TOBACCO CLOTH, fine.>i imported l! LrbSlbiSr

TOBACCO PAPER „ (^pedahie) Sa' b !a b ,>>'

Si,'i\".'*°"'''" SPAWN, liliest wfttr ck. 5^' p'r bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected „- per bush.'^e" per sack.

COCOA-NUT IFIBRE KEFUSE (by Chubb', special process),

sack!, ij. each ; 10 sack.. 91. ; ,5 sacks, 13J. : so sacks, ^^s. ;

30 sacks, 25!. ; 40 sacks, 30J. Truck-lead, loose, free on rail

3or Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in

sacks only, SI. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

Q.ARDEN REQUISITES, cheapest house
V-^ for.-COCOA-NUl- FIBRE REFUSE, ,.bush,,l „c,,

FIBR(')nVp"?AT"- ■ T/"' '"""'i' '''°,'" = '°'"' S"'- BLACK
i" IB KUUb PIlAT, 4J. dd. per sack, e; for 20J ■ sacks ^d ^^r\^

BEST BROVVN Fi'rroU^ PEaV 5/ pe sack str"f .
sacks 4rf.each. COARSE SILVER SAND. .1. ,d per bu!h
Vl-'i ?'/>„,''A,'S''„' =<'• P'' '°" : '" 2-bushel ba'gs id. each'
Morn's^ FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD^ and I.KAF
MOULD ij. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Si id p,r
v"": r.°?"'o'' ?''''''^' Manures, Tobacco Cloth, Paper
Virgin Cork. Russia Mats. &c. Write for Price List
W. WARREN, 8, Whilecross Place, Wilson St.. Finsbury, E.C.

THOMSON'S VINE andPLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full farliculars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTON, LIVEBPOOL.

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

■S-; best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobthty, II per Bag ; 15 Bags, 141. ; 30 Bags. 23J., sent to all
parts ; Truckload, 251 , free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT
A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.

rin I net USL (Soluble inWiter)
EffectuaUy clear.s all Insects anii Parasites from the Roots
or FoUage of Trees and Plant... Kills all Vegetable Orub.^
7'™"!?,^,''' ^'=- ^^^"^ Mildew and Blight. Clears Orapej
from Mea y Bug, &o.. and makes a good Winter Dressing
I ",1; .Seedsmen and rhemi.sts. 1/6, 2/6, 4/i; a bottle. Per gal-
n V r, • ?■■ '*"" " 'i'>-^<:r quantities. A Tnatise on "Fh- Tm
Vll, afid ,1s appbcabm. snt f„r on rrmpt of oddrrss, l„i Ihr
Manufochirev. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANOHE.^TER;
Wholesale from Hooper & Co.; Ciieiiy. Sopr.r.. Fowivn and
to.-, C. E. OSMAS & Co . and from all the London Seed
Merchants and T^Tiolesale Patent Medicine Houses.

r^ IS H U RSFCO NmDU Nb,'used by fead ing

V-" Gardeners since 1859 against Ked Spider. Mildew,
Ihnps, Oieen Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water : 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 31., and joi. 6d.

(^ISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on

,^L, "" E'ound. Boxes, 6d. and 11. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICES PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
iLimited), London.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

7". . The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes -6 ft
6111. by 3 ft. 5 in. at 21. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 21. srf. : 6 ft.
o in by 7 ft. . 31. 2^. Apoly to
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring.

A RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT

f^ MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. - All the usual
hi°„/ of'"*"".? "'?'•■ Sacks and Seed B,gs. newand second'
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and T.flany
larpauhns Rick-coyers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and

kn^T. ,%,h" w °° ''5Pi;'=>'i°n '» J BLACKBURN and
SUNS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBFRRIF"!
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, '

AND GENRItAL HORTICULTt/RAL PURPOSE.S.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufaclurer.s, Leeds
Yorkshire.

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or other unskiled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hsrd, brilliant
polish, and looks equallyas well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourth the cost.

PRICES :-^l.kCK, iJ. 6rf. per gallon ;
in casks, containing not less than q Eallons,
delivered free at most railway i tat ions.
Casks extra, but two-thirds allowed if re-
, . turned carriage p. id to our works in good
^ condition. URUSHES fcr coatinj: Iron-
work, Wocd, or Stcne, is. each.

CATALOGUES of all Ih.ds of Iron a?id Wire Fencing,
Gates, <5r-v , /rce on application.

BATLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIAWORKS,\VOLyERHAMPTON;and3,Crookecl
J-'"". t^'nS W'llham St., E.C.-/V,vk^ name tliispapir.

RCucumter Prames.
H A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
or which tliey always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one
Prices delivered to any station in England :— / s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet It,..
3-light frame, 12 feet by (3 feet Vp '^'*'
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet j ''^^
The glass is nailed and puttied m. Lights and Iraming for
Orick pus at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAV AND CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Koyal Horticultural Works. Middleton. Manchester

in t-ngland :— ^ j,

: \ Packing [ 3 10

' fCases free ) ^ ^

■ ) I 10 o

RICHARDSONS

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

^4

lat Prize ^^0<y<} >."

Medals, ^-\_-^.,
South Kenslngton.^^C^^i^Q

Mancliestar, &;

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

Fixed ill any part of ihe

Kingdom with Hot water

Apparatus compltte.

CATALOGUE
free.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

Adopted by Hi-; Ro>aI Highne^-s the Piince of Wales

Panksian Medal of Royal Horlicultur-il So lety

Old Koops Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered,

Plans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Roy:iI Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chamber.'^, Westminster, S.W.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEER.^,
10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WSSTMIKSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOBOUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES

in Wocd and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
with Prices, Post-frer.

DEANE & CO.'S
"GEM" CONSERVATORY,

Now on view near the Panorama in the Grounds of the

CRYSTAL PALACE.

The Loughborough Apparatus can be seen in action on
Tuesda>y, Thursdays, and Saturdays.

10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, lo ft. 6 m. high.

Price complete, with Jrintern roof, staging, coloured glass in
lantern and door, ventilating lights in side and lantern, gutter
and down pipe, and Loug'iborough Hot-water ApparatUi, wilh
15 feet of 4-inch pipe.

£25 nett.

Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or
delivered carriage free Id any Station in England, with every
fa't maiked for fixing.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS,

" A marvel oi ^coz<ovay " —Gardeners' Magazine.

" A cheap and handsome conseivatory."— .^dsaar.

DESIGNS and ESTIMATF.S for CONSERVATORIES
GREEENHOUSES and HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE.

THE LOUGHBOBOUGH HOT-WATER
APPARATUS.

Complete assho,vu, \vith 12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water
_ Pipe, £3, 45.

Delivered free to any Sta-
tion. Discount for Cash.

The simplest, cheapest,
and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick
setlins, iiJ stokehole, and
no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and bums more than twetv*
hours without attention.
Loughborough Uoilers to heat up to 650 feet of 4 inch pipe, with

hot-water pipes, joints, &c., always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF A\Y

SIZE ON APPLICATION.

CATALOGUES WITH PARTICULARS FREE

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

LONDON BRIDGE.'

46. King W.lliam )
Street, E.C, f

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

121, BUNHILL KOW, LONDON, E.C.

W H LASCELLES and CO *ill give Estimates for
every dcscr.p ion of HORIICULT URAL WORK free ol
charRc. and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK materiiil in vjrioui
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at lai, Eunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Clieapslde, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Uuildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

DAVID LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

Attn

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK

CHESTER ROAD. MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock.

CiILVER SAND, coarse, Susse.x and IkJ-

y~> fordshire; Sussex and Ktnt PEATand LOAM of the best
quahty by truckload. ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices
Low rales to l,oi.d.-n and to all paitf.— W. SHORT, Jlotl'il
cultural Company, Mid!:urst, -Sussesi.- E-.labli.'hfd I.S42.

October 25, 1S84.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

541

Under the Patronage of tlie Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

rpHE "LANKESTER'

The above Labels ate made ol a \Vhile Metal, with r.msbd

BLACK-FACED LBTTKRS.

The Gar.lc'ters Magasint says :— " We must give these the
pjltn before all other plitnt labels, as the very tlrst in meiit.*'
Samples and Price Lists free.
T. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, RaffiA. Mats, Bamboo Caries, Rustic
Work, Manures, &C. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{,Re£istcred Trade Mark)

This VARNTSH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (uUy two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced uowards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good qaality. notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
Battering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at u. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimoniau

*' PUrcefield Park, June 21. 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Vamtsh as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to PJercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAU riON,~^\\.\^ h Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H, & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials ihey receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
nS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glaseow,

THOS. ^. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

Tbe Beat

and Qalckest

Uatle.

4-io Expansion Joint Kot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. ^d. ead- :

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipe^j 9 feet long, 4J, ftd. each.

Price List on apfiltcaticn.

HOT-WATER

-- BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid, Waterway End Hoiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy cf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Hue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we

are acquainted.

Long.

A, 19 in.

B, 23 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 36 in.

E, aS in.

F, 32 in,

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.

Price of Boiler
Heat of and •set of
4-in. Pipe. Fittings.
150 feet jCs »o

300
400
5C0
600
700
850
1000
1350
16c o
2000

6 15

8 5

9 10
10 15
12 5
»3 i.S
15 ic
17 5

?. 54 1"-
K, 60 in

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cianked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper. &c.

Says a Gardener of great Kr/>erietice :— " It is a wonderful
BoiUr. It is the best for keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anvihiiig." " II will become a universal favourite "

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-ircn BoileiS.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for He.tting from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, wiih furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate compleie, and
6feei of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fi.\cd in ihe end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer : the
funnel running up just outside the glas^. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, ^4 15 ; loofeet sii;e, £^ i^s.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per Cent, discount may be
deducted, if not, reference to Ranker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticiiltural Heatlngr Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts ol ihe Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

aOBEKTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id..
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMA.S ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
ECONOMIC GREENHOUSE HEATING.

"Crescent Piping."

The '■ CRESCENT" is equal to e-In. ordinary piling as re-
gards heatirg surface, while iis special shape reduces the amouit
of water, and consequently the heating power, to a minimum,
and enables an oil lamp to perform the work which would require
a good sized coke stove with the ordinary system of hot-water
piping. "Crescent" Greenhouse Heaters.

No. I. — One 6-ft. length, lamp to run u hrs., 445.

No. 2. — Two 6-ft. lengths ,. ,, 15 hrs.. ^os.

No. 3. — Three 6-ft. ,, „ ,, 15 hrs , 901.

Scrt'ens and Pipitg /or ttncomiDited products of coinluslton

f'rcviied; Packing included. Tke Ti'ade Supplied.

T, CHRISTY & CO., 155, FenchurcU Street. EC.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of tiie Kingdom,
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHEAPEST BUILDERS of GHEENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS post-free on application.

BOULTON k PAUL, NORWICH,

Horticultural Builders and Manufacturers
of Boilers, Valves, &c.

Experienced men sent to any part of the Kingdom. Our
men are generally fixing Boilers in most of the Home Counties ,
and can be sent at a short notice to inspect or replace Uoiter.s.

Check-end Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS

OF BOILER

KEPT IN

STOCK.

This Boiler is fixed in every county in England, Riving the
:j;featest s:ttibfaclion.

Terminal-end Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS

OF BOILER

KEPT IN

STOCK.

NETT PRICES ON APPLICATION.

Catalngues Post-free. All Boilers are guaranteed to heat
efficiently the quantity of piping staled in the Catalogue.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-iiViPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenge^,

to be the most economical off ttel, t/te most powerful, tfu simplest ,

and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHTS BOILER CO., AIRDRIE, N.B.

THOIMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey WorM. Blackfrlara Road, London, SB.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the t,)ueen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTEXTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUaHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and HoUow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE EOILEKS,

With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS,

which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser-
vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c.
They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the Firet and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

AvJirdedf'-' it at th' Royal Horticultural Society's F.x/iih'ti.H,
South Ken infton, London, on fune 3 iS3 .

»not:ri:LCVAriON

lok<.:tudihj>l EEciioii

CROSS sccrioM

The ')ournal of Horticnllm-e of June 9 says : —
" Heating Ai'i-arati r —A great number of boilers, valves,
&c , were exhibited by ei,iht competitors, and considerable in-
terest w^ manifested in the verdict of the judges, and rnuch
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of the different boilers. Thti apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with-
out being complex, the tatter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Gatden of June 11 says :—

"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be a powerful and.efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a smalt consumption
of fuel." ,. .

Descriptive Illustrated Piice List may be had free on apt lication.

Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shorte;t notice.
Galvanized Iron CistemSf from ^d, to is. 6j'. per gallon.

542

TflE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 25, 18

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line cfuxreed as t-wo.

4 Lines .. ..j^o 3 o 15 Lines .. ...£086

6 „ .. .. o 3 6 ; 16 „ .. ..090
6 o 4 o 17 „ .. ..096

7 „ .. .. o 4 6 I 18 „ .. •• o 10 o

8 , .. .. o 5 o ' 19 „ .. .. o 10 6

9 , o 5 6 20 o " o

10 , 060 21 , on 6

11 , .. .. o 6 6 22 o 12 o

12 .. .. o 7 o I 23 „ .. .. o 12 6

13 , 076 24 , o 13 o

14 , o 8 o 1 26 ,. .. -■ o 13 6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page £.9 ° o

Half Page 5 o o

Column 350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

a6 words is dd., and 6tl for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line,

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. ~ Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters midresscd to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities atut
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 51. each insertion.

Advertisements for the cm-rent week must reach the Office

by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable In advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, ^i 3$. lod. ; 6 Months,

iij. lid. ; 3 Months. 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

jCt 6s. tor 12 Months; India and China, ;£i Ss. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C.

CABSQN'S PAINT.

Patronised by

HER MAJESTY,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,

15.003 OF THE NOBILITV. GeNTKY. AND ClERCV.

Is extcDsivelv used for all kir.ds of

OtTTDOOK WOJrtK, COWSEKVATOBIEF,

Greenhouses, Frames

CAN BE LAID ON I3Y UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.
Frices, Patterns, and Testimoniu/s, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON. E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55. ROYAL AVENUF, BELFAST.

Discount for Cask

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds ar-d 4ths qualities, always kept la stock

A large stock of similar current sizes ot 15-OZ. glass in
aoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glais Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34, St. John's Street, West Smltnfield, London, £ C-

Stock List ana Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES. &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAOI & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by
13 in, 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-o<.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizf.s in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in zoo-fl. and qoo-ft. cases.

Illustrated Catalogues o( Art Conservatories, Growing Hou^e?,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses
Wall-Tree Covers, &c,. Post-free.

T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.

London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C.

SIMPLEX"

POST BOX,

BLAKE'S PATENT

FOLDING PARCEL

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVEKPOOL.

i> L A K E AND M A C K E N Z I E'S
J WATERPROOF and other LAREl.S, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading, Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane, Liverpool.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide yV^d.. and 4 yard-, wiae, yt. per yard run.
ScrJni, Hessian, and Tiffany, for proteciing Fruit Trees
and ihaduig Gieei^houscs, iiom i%d- per yard andupwaids.

Russia Mats, Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries at the
lowest possible prices

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E,

Rosber's Gardeu Edging Tiles,

rPHE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

■ - - made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Injects*
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgmgs, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VAShS, FOUNTAINS. &c., m Artificial Stone,
very durable ai.d of superior finish, and in treat variety of design.
F. R(jSHER and CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.
Kingsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free bv Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, wiih Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Giooved and other Stable

Paving O! great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER ANi> CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L "v E R S~A N D,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS tor Rockeries or Ftrneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal IJiscoiint to the Trade

FOrt

GLASS HOUSES.

HUGHES'

GREEN SHADING.

Convenient, Inexpc-nsive. Ea.-^ily applied. Lists all the
Summer, and can then be easily waslnd u^. 1?., post 1/3.

For Fixing Bloom in Azaleas,
&c., and for Cut Flowers.

HUGHES'
FLORAL CEMENT.

A pi eat boon to Flori.-its and all lover.'* of Flowers. Dries
instaiiLly. 8old in bottles. Is. & 2s. Per po.st, 3d. extra.

HUGHES'^tYPTIC

For Previnting Vines Bleeding after Pruning.

Very effectual in preventing the flow of sap in Vines being .

wasted. In bottles, 1/6 and 2/6. Per post, 3d. extra.

For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UlSinUE'C'
Crioket.s, Bug:^, Fleas, Mosquitos, &c. llUunCd

TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER

Most c'lli.'ctual in Greenhouses, — for Aniimila and Bed
Clothing. Trice 6d., Is. & 23. 6d. Per post, 3d. extra.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an Insecticide, and
on the uses and application of the above prepara-
tions sent POST FREE, on receipt of address, by

E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, "/^S^S^

VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER.
QUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,

O Threadneeole Slrea. E.C. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;

Oxford Street (corner ot Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

modetaie rales.
LIFE. — Establi^hed 1810. Specially low rales for young lives.
Large bonuses, immediate settlement of claims.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARB OR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULIURE MARAI-
CUERE. Amonthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Bi;rvb-

NICH, F. PAVNAEKT, E, RODIGAS, and H. J. VAN HULLK,

Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mantat Ghent. Post-paid, loj. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and ihe FIELD, in which is Incorporated

FELLS LIFE m SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AU«;TRALIA, (Drawn and engraved

especially for ihis Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles )
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE,
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.i-

LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE,
CO.MMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia. &c. U contains
a large amount ol information on a great vajiety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Single Copies, hd. ; Stamped, ^d.
Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised ti receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., ?o, Cornhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H Smith & Son, i86. Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinbi!RGH. . .. Robeitson & Scott, la, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

1^" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices Jot the use of Advertisers.

Partnership.

WANTED, a PARTNER, with ^3000 or
;C4ooo to join present proprietor (who has a larger
amount ol capital) in an old-established and extending Nursery-
man's Business. Incoming partner should have cxoerience
enabling him lo undertake correspondence, finance, and office
manngemei't — For further particulars address P., James &
Heniy Grace, Public Accountants, Royal Insurance Buildings,
Bristol.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Genileman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nur>eryand Seed Business.
— H'uU particulars on application to N, Q , Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 4t, Wellington *"treet. S land, London, W.C.

WANTED, as MANAGER (or Cranston's
Nuriery and Seed Company, Limited, a ihoroughly
practical man He must be in every way quLililied
to undei take the entire Control and Management of both the
Nursery and Seed Business. No one need apply unless having
held a similar appoiniment, and who^e testimonials will not bear
the striciC'^t investigation. — Address, with full particulars, to
JOHN CRANSTON, The Nurseries, King's Acre, Hereford.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must
be thoroughly practical in all branches, including the
Forcing of Fmits (Vines. Pii>e.-, Peaches, Melons. &c ). and
Management of Flower and Kitchen Gardens, Tab'e Decora-
tions, Liying-out Grounds, Grass and Paik Land. Plantations,
&c, Hou'C found. — Address, wiih full particulars of character,
lengih of service, and wages required, to A B , Messrs Sai.dys
& Tievenen. Soliciors, -.j. Chancery L:ine London, W.C.

Wanted, in Sussex, as UNDER GAR-
DENER, a man wiih good e.vperience of Hothouse
and Flower Garden Work, Rising wages to a thoroughly
dependable man. Testimonials, inckiditig a recent one from a
Clergyman, to W. H. A, JACUBSON, 41, Finsbury Square,
London, E.C.

WANTED, a FOREMAN, for Herbaceous,
Alpine, and Haidy Florist Drpartment. — Only a
thorongh'y experienced man Mutable. — Apply, staiiitg \vhcre
l^st eniuloyed, and salary required, to J.\MES DICKSON
AND SONs, •' Nev/ti>n " Nur-eiies. Chcsic.

WANTED, a NURSERY FOREMAN,
capable of undet taking the General Propagation of Out-
door Nursery Stock, and accustomed to have Charge of Men.
Ch;4ractcr must bear strict investigation as iki sobriety
and honesty. — Apply, statinc terms an<l particulars as to where
last employed, &c., to LaRIX, Crt^rI'f «iT.r' Chronicle Ofi\Qe,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C.

Lawn Foreman.

WANTED, a mairied MAN, about 30, with
sn all family. Wile to live in lod^c .Tnd attend to gate.
He must be a pood Mower, and underst.ind Roses, Rhodwien-
dron.s Shrubs. &c.~W. OWEN, Harrow-Weald Park. Stanmoie.

WANTED, MAN and WIFE— man as
gocd practical Gardener with knowledge of Live-stock,
wife for Small Dairy and Laundry. Wiih no children preferred.
Good character indispensable.— Apply by leltter to R. S„ 36,
Holford Square, Pentonvitle, W.C.

OCTOIIEK 25, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

543

MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH AND SONS
are KhQUlKiNG an ASSISTANT, to lalte charge
of their Spccmieii Aialeas and ianiellias, under the Head
For-m.nn ol ihat d^ aitnictiC An uudl gent yoimi* man who
hass-rv d :is Kuiem m in a Ccnil- maii'b cstatili hnienl. wheie
plant- are wtll Kr''*"i 3i.d who is no* donous of spending
abuUt '<*o ycarb in n Lmdon Nvir>ery. with ihc view of g'iniii);
funher excellence would fi"d this an excellent opening, —
Apply f>v lei tei, stating age exoenenc, ana wages expecied,
addiessit*, Royal Exotic Nursery. King's Koad, ChcUea,
London, S.W.

To Seed Trade Assistants.

WANTED, for the General Relnil Agri-
cul iirai. Garden, ai d Flower Seed '1 ladf. Manure^,
&c., an AS'«liTANT, whose competency and chatacer will
bear strict i v^;^ti,;aIil-.n.— Auulicaiions. with copies of refer-
ences, to WAI i> . N \^H. -N-n CO. 7*. S m.hwark Sticet, S.E.

WANTED, a young man, to act as
WHOLESALE SALESMAN tor Cm Flowers, and
to Woik up a Futiiishuig and Jibbing Tiadc in a laige to*n
in South of En.:iaiid A good opening lor a pu^tiing nia".
Wages and c^ mmi-sion Ncne iice1 atiplv wl"o h 'Ve only had
a shop expericLCe. — MARSHALL lil'.0^. and i^l)., Baiuham,
Bog nor.

ANTED, a BOOK-KEEPER, for a Seed

and Nursery Business in Scotland. Must have a know-
ledge of the Trade. Salary to commence about £,\.t% per annum.
State age. exjenence, and full piniculars to l5., Gitrtieno s'
C hroniile Of^cc, «i. Welirg'n Slrfei. Strand W C".

"XA/ANIED, TWO JUNIOR CUUN lEK

»V HANDS, for the Wn.^V.ale Seed Trade ~H. H.,
Gunicueys' Ch>..'-LIi: Office, 41, We'iington Street, Strand, \V,C.

WANT PLACES.

%* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
luiih so-called Horticultural Ai;enls, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reison to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engag. inents.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special appliiation Jor the same by letter.

C O T C H GARDENERS.

— John Dowmb. Seedsman, 144, Princes Street Edin
burgh, bas at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GAKDENERS, wailing re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ,£50 to j£ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to suuply
full paiticulars to any N<>bleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

I C H A~R^ s"m I T H and CO .

beg to anooDnce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardencni seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or GeDtleman with
particulars, &C. — St. John's (>Jiirseries, Worcester.

THE LIVERPOOL^HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, Oarston. are in a posuion to recommend a
capable trustworthy Man as G.\RDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFKS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all

'-/ times upon theii Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enqmnes should be maue tn 237 and 238 High Holboro, W.C.

OURNEYMEN and FOREMEN.— Several

first-class men who have been trained in the leading
establishments in Scotland, wanting to go to England on the
term day. Nov. ri. — Full particulars from JOHN DOWNIE.
Seedsman, 144, Prir ces Street, Edinburgh.

ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or

Gentleman requiring ihe services of a practical man
in all the various branch<-S — Age 40. married, no hicumhraice.
Death cause of Ifiavins. Good character. — T. PICKERS-
GILL, 22, Eaidley Street, New Wonley, Leed.s

ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-

man requiring the services of a ihnrouijhly practical,
energetic, tiiut worthy Gardener, and a highly respectable
man. — Age 31 ; good lefeiei.ce. — G. W., Mr. R Smith, High
Srreet. Wendover, Tiing.

/^ARDENER (Head).— Married, no family ;

VJ thoTOUthiy experienced and understands all the wcrk of
Kitchen and Greetihouse Gardening. Over eleven years'
character from presen' employer, and leaving through change
of residence — J. BOBERIS, Gardener, Stonclti^h, Eccles
New Road. Manche'ter.

ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Mr. C. Hav-

ccCK tan with every confidence rcCr">inmend his Fore-
man (George Woodward) to any Nobleman or Gentleman
riquiriig the services of a thorouahly ttuslw-jithy and energetic
man. Has had good experience in all branches of Gardening, —
C. HAYl OCK, Baiham Court Gardens. Maid-tone.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married,
one boy (age 9I ; twenty > ears' experience in large e^lab-
lisVments, Forcing ail kinds of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables,
Growing Steve and Greenhiuse PLtnts. also the Management
of Kitchen and Fiower Gardens, Pleasure Grounds, &c. Can
be highly recommended — T. OLDHAM, Messrs. Cutbush's
Nursery, High Brtrnei, Hens.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married ;
thoroughly understands Early and La e Forcing of
Vines, Pine^. Peaches, &c., Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
Flow er and Kitchen Gardening, and the general requirements
of a large establi-hment. Can be highly recommended by late
and pievious employers. — J. W. SEDGLEY, Dunkirk, Ottery
St. Mary, Devon.

(^ARDENER (Head).— Any Lady or Gentle-

V^ man requiring a thorough practical and tni>iworthy man,
may hear of such by applying to Mr. COCHRANE, Superin-
tendent, Finsbury Park, N.

/':j.ARDENER (Head), where four or more

V^ are kept.— Age 27. m.trncd, no family, S;otch ; well up
in all branches. Nearly three years in pre-enl place as Head.
First class testimonials.— CKI. r, Cnrdrntn' Chr^nicie OlVice,
41. Wellington Street. StranJ, W C.

(^ARDENER (Head); age 31.— Mr. Bar-

V-* u^M, Crnxteth, Liverpoul, cin with confidence recoin*
mer.d his Foreman (John Edge) as a thoroughly practical,
sober, steady man; seven years as Foreman, ihiee years iu
present situation.— Address as above.

QARDENER (Head); age 30, single.—

V^ Samuel Mav can with ct-iitidenct: recoinniei,d to any
Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly practical, energetic man.
Has lived in some of the best places 111 England, and perlecily
understands the requirements of a large esiablishinent.
Hi^.hc.st reiereuces.— J. P., Samuel May, Seed Merchant, 29,
Upperhtad Row, Leeds.

ARDENER (He.^d); age 28.— W. J. Ire-

LANi), Gardener to the Marqitis of Headfari, Headfort
House, Kelis, Ireland, will be liappy to supply piniculars to
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the seivicts of a
thoroughly competent and energetic man as above. An En^li^h-
man, a Protestant, possessing a thorough knowledge of his
profession, which has been gained in s.-me of ihc best gardens
lu England, and no* Foicman at Headfort House.

Z^:; ARDENER (He.\d); married.— \V. Swan,

VJ Gardener to W. Letch, E^q , Oakhy, Fallowtietd,
Manche.-ter, btg, to offer his services to any of his services to
any N obit man or Genlleman requring the services ol a
thor-ugldy piactical Gardener. Twenij .eight years' experience,
nearly twelve in piesent situation. Leaving through ihe
establishment being broken up. Highest references as to
ability ami irustwoiihiness. — Address as above

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29;
understands Gatdeniug in all its branchei, also the Rear-
ing of Poultiy and Game. Good references,— G. T., 6, D^dsley
Fields, Kastbourne, Midhurst, Sussex.

C:j.AKDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
■* married, no family ; twenty years' practical (xperience
in ad branches ot the pcoiession. Good references. — G. C, 35,
Alma Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

(^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,

>■-* married, two in family (at;es 9 and 12 >ears) ; under-
stands forcing ot Fruiis, Flowers, and Vegetables, Stock, and
Pouliry. Ihiee years' excellent character.— GARDENER,
Sydney House, Pil^ri.n*s Lane, Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SiNGLB-HANi ED).~Age 37, married; well veiscd in
Early and Late Forcing and General Management of Flowers
and Kuchen Gardens, — First-class references. —W. U., 81,
Taunton Koad, Lee, Kent, S.E.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39,

married, two in family; understatids Gardening in all
brjnches. Thoroughly energetic and trustworthy. Five and
a half years' excellent character — twelve with present em-
ployer.- GARDENER, Ivy Bank, Hampstead, N.W.

GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 46 ;
has had thirty years' experience in Early and Late
Forcing, with the Management of Flower and Kicchen Gar-
dens. Good eight and eleven years' relerences. — W, W., 55,
Flaik Walk, Hampstead. N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
two children. Fifteen years' experience, boih under
Glass and in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good reference.
Land and Stock if required — M. W., Kiddington, Woodstock,
Oxon.

GARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
DENERand EAILI FK. — Age 44. m-^nied ; thoroughly
practical in all bfanc.ies, Forcing of Fiuits Flowers and
Vegetable-, also gOL.d Flower and Kitchen G.irdener ; Land
and £t3ck, and Ljying Out of New Grounds, &c. Six and a
half gears' good rharacier, alio many previou-^, and te>ti-
monials.— F. HIlKS, Gardener to Sir Criarles Oakley, Bart.,
Fiittenden House Gardens, Staplehurst, Kent,

ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).

— Age 27, mariied. two children ; twelve years' expe-
rience in every branch Understands Orchids. Good charac-
ter.—GARDENER, White Hill, Berkhampsted, Herts.

C:j,ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
* —Age 38, married ; thoroughly ex,jerienced in all
branches. Two years' good character, Siate wages. — C. B ,
2, James' Cottages, Prince's Road, Richmond. S.W.

To Nurserymen-

GARDENER.~Age 26 ; 8 years' experience.
U;ed to Growing Plants ui.dcr glass Good icierences.—
C. B , 4, Ihompson Villas, Evlyn Koad, Richmond. Surrey,

GARDENER.- Age 27, single ; understands
Greeiihouics and Kiichea Gardening. Good references.
— W. PETHERlLK, 2, Culverland Road, St. James, Exeter,
Devon.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 24,
single ; experienced in the Culture of Vines, Green-
houses, and Flo*cr and Kitchen Gardening, Good reference.
Well recommended.— W. C, The Gardens, Sibsey, Boston.

ARDENER, or good SECOND. —

Thorough km wiedge of the routine of a good e'tabli-h-
ment, Foicing and Growing Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, &c.
An abstainer. Excellent character, with references.— A. DICK-
INSON, Wilmington Hall. Dartford.

ARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's

e;tiblishment — Age 27, Several good tc5tim<mials.
Bothy preferred —W. WMEELEK, Biggs' Nurjery, Geoige
Lane, Le-visham, S.E.

GARDENER (Under), Indoor or Out.— Age
32 : nine years' experience. Gocd character. — C. J.
N., Pierce's Library, Sydenham, S.E.

GARDENER (Under), in a good private
establishment.— Age iq; strong. Five years' experience.
South preferred. Gocd testimonials. — Apply, staling wages,
&c., H C. B., The Gardens. Burntwood Hall, near Barnsley,
Vo.k^hi^e.

[^"'OREMAN, in the Houses, or SECOND in

J- a ^ood ektabU^hlnent — Age 25 ; ten years' practicil ex-

f);rience in the Cultivation of Fruit. Orchids, Stove and Green-
louse Plants, &c. Two years ai>d three months in last >iiua-
tion. Good relerences.— G. W. B., i, Bartlett Street, South
Croydon, Suirey,

To Nurserymen

FOREMAN and PROPACiATOR for Market
Nursery,— Age 37 ; 22 years' practical experience in
Growing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Cut Floweis, and
Fiuit. lieen funr years at Messis. Beckwiih & Son's as above
stated.— J L , 8 , Taunton Road, Lee, Kent.

FOREMAN "and "propagator, under
Glass.— Age 25. single ; well up in Growing 'or Market.
Good Market Salesman. First-class leferences from present and
previous employer.— H. H., Gicatham Villa, West Hartlepool,
Durham,

l^^OREMAN, or SECOND, in the Houses in

-1- a Gentleman's establishment, — Age 25 ; undcistands the
work. Eight years' character. Twelve years' experience.
Please state wages.— H. Di\VIS, Yeovil Nurseries, YcoviL

URSERV FOREMAN (OUTDOOR).—

Thirty years' experience. Thoroughly conversant with
the routine of Outdoor Nursery Work.— J. H., 55, Phillip Street,
Bishop-fields, Chester.

RtJPAGATOR and GROWER (INDOOR).

— 16 years' practical knowledge of General Nursery
Work. Five years with Messrs, Gregory & Evins. —
EDWIN COLMAR, 2, Nursery Cottage, Sidcup, Kent.

TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— First-class

^" re'eren.es. Total abstainer.— A;jply, with particulars, tJ

F, JULYAN, Ashlon, near Oundie, Northamptonshire.

TOUKNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Gen-

^' tiemao's establishment.— Age 22 ; excellent character —

G. L. , II, Lammermoor Road, Baiham, Surrey.

lOURNEVMAN, in the Houses, in a good

^ establishment.— Age 22 ; eight years' good practical ex-
perience. Good reference. —A. FRY, Mount Pleasant, Waverley,
Farnham. Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 26; extensive ex-
perience in all departments, chiefly in Scotch places. Un-
exceptionable references. —J. NOTMaN, Gardens, Castletown,
Rockcliflie, Carlisle.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
where Early and Late Forcing is carried on with spirit ;
age 23.— Mr, D. Melville. St. Vincent, Grantham, can with
confidence recommend a man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good

^ establishment. — Three and a half years' good character
f om previous situation. — R. BRADSHAW, Water End,
Woodston, P«tei borough.

JOURNEYMEN, in the Houses (ages 19 and

t) 2j)._W, Swan, Oakley, Fallo*ficld, Manchest.;r, can
with con5dence, recommend Two young Men, as above, whj
are leaving through the establishment being broken up. —
Address as above.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 19 ; five years' expe-
rience Indoors and Ouiside. Well recommended from
present and previous place. Bothy preferied. Wages i^s. per
week. — W. SILLS, The Gardens, Shoreham Place, Sevenoaks,
Kent.

^yO GARDENERS.— Situation in the Houses

-L wanted for a respectable youth (age iS). Has had four
years' exoerience. Total abstainer. Pie.ise state particulars. ^
W. PEFPh-K, The Garden,, T.w.n W..ter, Wel«yii, Herts.

Seed and Nursery Trades.

MANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, &c.—
Re-engagement wanted. Thirteen years' experience.
Htj; hest references. Readily undertake to work up a Business.^
ALPHA, Gardenen' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Stieet*
Strand, W.C. ^_^

SHOPMAN, SALESMAN, or TRAVELLE'r.
— Age 27 , twelve years' experience in all branches of the
trade. Seeds. Plants &c —J. H., 19, Btrley Street, Wandsworth
Road, London, S. W.

U HOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.

^^ Excellent references respecting character and abilities. —
T. H. , 50, Freochwood Street, Preston.

To FlorlBts.

SHOPMAN.— Age 25 ; used to Buying and
Selling. £iglitecn iiionihs' expeiieoce id Paris. — C. H ,
87. Falham Palace Road. Fu htm. J.W.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 26 ; eleven years' expe-
rieoce. Qualifieo in all br.,nches of the basiness.
Unexceptionable refeiences. — W. O., Box 68, Poit-.ffice,
Che- ter.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISI ANT.— Ten years'
exoerience; thorough knowledge of the Business in all
its branches Good Salesman. — O. P., F. Mackenzie, jr,
Breadalbane Street, off Dumbait>n Road, Glasgow.

HOLLOWAYS PILLS.— Nervousness and
want ol Energy. — When first the nerves leel unstrui g.
and listlessness supplants energy, the time has come to take
some such alterative as Holloway's PiUs to prevent a mild dis-
order from developing into a serious disease. These excellent
Pills correct ail irregularities and weaknesses. They act so
kindly, yet so energetically on the functions of digestion and
assimilation, that the whole body is revived, the blood rendered
richer at.d purer, while the muscles become firmer and stronger,
and the nervous and absorbent systems are invigorated. These
Pills are suitable for all classes and all ages. They have a
most marvelluus cfTcct on persons who are out of condition ;
they soon rectify whatever is in fault restore strength to the
body and confidence to the mind.

544

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 2;, 1SS4.

23 YEARS' SERVICE.

BY SPECIAL PERMISSION.

J. WEEKS AND CO. beg to announce that they have been honoured by the commands of
T. H. Oakes, Esq., of Riddings House, Derbyshire, to supply two of their Duplex Upi'ight Tubular
Boilers, to replace two which are now being removed after 23 years' uninterrupted work.

The extraordinary duration of these Boilers speaks for itself, and needs no comment.

J. WEEKS & CO.,

EORTICULTORAL ESfiMEEBS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

" Hand desinam donee perfecero."

D U N B A Ri

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

R. S.

f

HOT-WATER PIPES ••■
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES -

A Liber

... 2-inch, \s. id.; 3-inch, ij-. "jd

2-inch, i.f. 4«'. ; 3- inch, 2s. od.

2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, t,s. od.

... 2-inch, 2s. od. ; 3-inch, 3^. od.

■al Discount for Cash to the Trade.

4-inch, 2^-. od. per yard.

4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

4-inch, /\s. od. each.

4-inch, 4J-. od. each.

MILFORD NURSERIES, GODALMING,

Near the Milford and New Godalming Railway Stations.

ANNUAL SALE OF FIRST-CLASS NURSERY STOCK.
IWTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. Maurice

1V± Youngto SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Miiford Nurseries, Godalming, on TUESDAY,
November 11, and two following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, several acres of beautifully-grown
NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers,

COMPRISING : —

3000 Specimen Evergreens and Conifers, 10,000 Laurel rotundifolia, i to 2J feet ; 2000 Green and Variegated Aucubas, 3000 ditto Box, 3000 Berberis
Darwinii, 5000 Retinosporaaurea and flavescens, i to 2 feet, suitable for pots ; 1000 Cupressus Lawsoniana lutea, i to 2 feet ; 1000 Euonymus radicans,
2000 fine Named and Hybrid Rliododendrons, 3000 Dwarf Roses, Fruit Trees, 5000 Red Currants, 3000 Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to 10 feet ; 100,000
transplanted Forest Trees, 10,000 Evergreen Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce Firs, i to 3 feet— 3000 fit for Christmas Trees, and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

N.B.— Messrs. Prothf.roe & Morris beg to call the special attention of Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others requirin<' Well-thrown Stock for

Immediate Efiect ts the above highly important Sale. ° °

QT17VI7M DDHQ JP. TA Manufacturers 0/

OIJLiVIjIN DJLvUu. (xLU., Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS.

^^^^^^^j^^^^ Saddles,

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

"f

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers.

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c.

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints,

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

A'OT'/:. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

Prta'ed bv W,TL.T»rRrc„*»Dl ^thl Offing i? M^*" ^ h'" ' A<i«««"°'»« "-d ?"""«« Lrtt=rs to "Th^ Publisher," »t the Office. ,,. Wellinetc Street. Coyent GDrde.,, London. W.C.
the ,»[d Wm , ,.m H^.^i.o„c « ,k ni w i,° *'"l"- Bs*'"'yfv Agniiw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precir,ct of Whitefriars. City ol London, in the County of Middlewl. and Pnb ishtd h,

me sa.d William RrcHARDS, at the Office <r. Welhngton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County .-Satukdav, October j;, .884. i-uoiisnw oy

Agent for Manchester-JoHN Havwoon. Agents (or Scotland-Messrs. J. MsNziES & Co., Edinburgh and Olaxow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstaljliiSijeti I84i.

No. 566.— Vol. XXII. {s^r'^es.} SATURDAY, NOVEMBER i, 1884. {

Registered at the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.

I Price 5d.

[Post-free, 5J1/.

CONTENTS.

Ac ides virens .. .. 55S

Allium HOltzerii .. .. 560

Ampelopsis hcderace:i .. 5^5

Apples .. .. .. 566

Apple Lady Sudeley . . 564
AsiOciatioD, Liverpool

Horticultural .. .. 563

Asters, notes on the cul-

ttv:>ted 554

Azaleas , . .. . . 563
Books: —

The Chrvsanthemum. . 557
Bouvardias, planted out

ia summer .. .. 563
CarQation?, perpetual or

tree ilowetitiE -• •• 55^
Chrysamhemum pros-
pects 560

Clerodendron siphooan-

ihus 561

Dahlias in autumn .. 562

Epidendrum bicornutum 558

Exhibition, the Health.. 560

Flower garden, the . . 55^

Forestry . . .. . . 556

Gardening, illustrated

Dictionary of , . . . 562
Gardeners' Royal Bene-
volent Inttilution .. 565
Graft fport on Black

Hamburgh Vine .. 566

Guniminj; Roses.. .. 566

Horizontal tubular boilers 565

Hot-water pipes . . . . 566

lvie5_ ■•..•• ■■553
jasmine, fruiting of the

common. . .. . . 557

Kitchen garden, the ,. 559

Lselia Perrinii , . . . 552

Lapageria, white .. 565

LiUcs of Scripture, the . . 563

Mushrooms at Mr.' J. T.

Barter's 562

Nursery, a west-couQtry 564

Orchard-house, the .. 559

Orchid cultivation .. 564

Orchids, at Uplands, Sel-

by Hill, Birmingham. , 558

Onions . . . • . . 566

Orangery, the
Phalsenopsis Lowii
Pious halepensis
Plints, respiration of ..
Potatos, New Zealand

sweet, diseased
Quince, layering the . .
Russia, gardening litera-
ture in . . ..
Rosery, the
Societies : —

Hertfordshire Natural
History

Manchester Horticul-
tural Improvement . .

Notts Horticultural
and Botanical

Royal Horticultural
Fruit and Vegetable
Show .. . . .. 567

Royal Botanic. .. 562
Sophronicis, the .. .. 563

St. Audries .. .. 555

Tichborne, Hants .. 551

Tomatos 566

Tulips, Dutch .. ..562
Vanda Sanderiana .. 558

Weather, the . . . . 568

„ effects on an Oak
tree
Wheat grain and Wheat

straw, composition of

the ash of

559
558

562

555

566

554
557

562
556
563

566

555

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Apple Lady Sudeley . . 565

Jasminum ofificinalis, fruiting . . . . . . . . . . 557

Finns halepensis .. .. 553

Shoot of Gooseberry when pruned . , . . . . • . 5s6

Sophronitis grandiflora.. .. 561

Now Eeady, in clotli. 16s..
"T^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.
The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Montt^.

Agent for America :—C H. MAROT, S14. Chestnut Street,
Hjiladelphia, U.S.A.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

OYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY.

Gardens. Regent's Park, N.W-

EXHIBITIONS, i8S?.

SPRING EXHIBITIONS of PLANTS and FLOWERS,

WEDNESDAYS. March is. April 22-
SUMMER EXHIBITIONS of PLANTS, FLOWERS, and

FRUIT. WEDNESDAYS, May so, June 17.
EVENING FETE. WEDNESDAY. July i.
By Order of the Council,

W. SOWERBY, Secretary.

R Y S T A L PALACE.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW,

NOVEMBER 14 and rs. For particulars apply,

Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden Superintendent, Crystal Palace.

TriNGSTON and SURBITON

XV CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.

The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
the Drill Hall. Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November rr and ra. when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
oflered. Entries Close November 5. Schedules and further
in'orination of ^ JACKSON. Hon. Sec.

Fife Road, Kiogston-on-Thames.

OLCHESTER anti EAST ESSEX

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S CHRYSANTHE-
MUM and FRUIT SHOW will be held in the New Corn
Exchange. Colchester, on VVEDNESDAY and THURSD.AY,
November r2 and 13. Particulars of r r QUILTER Sec
5. Head Street, Colchester. -'' ' ^ '

ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.
The ANNU.iL EXHIBITION will be held at the Royal
Aquarium, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY and THURS-
DAY, November r2 and rs- Part cost of cartage will be re-
funded 10 Plant Exhibitors. Schedules free on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES. Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney. London. E.
The NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE
(price kd.) may also be had on application.

UDDERSFIELD CHRYSANTHEMUM

SOCIETY.

The FIRST EXHIBITION will be held in the Town Hall.

Huddersfield, on FRID.^Y and SATURDAY, November 74

and 15. Entries Close Friday. November 7. Schedules and

Entry Forms may be had on application to

Mr. JOHN BELL, Marsh, Huddersfield.

Wanted, Bound or In Numbers,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
JAN. to JUNE 1875, and JAN. to JUNE 1877.
State price to PUBLISHER, Ganiitiers' Chroniclt Office,
41, Wellington Street. Strand. London, W.C.

Expiration of Lease.

SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing
a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be oflered at a
nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed.

See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardincn'
CkronicU, October 25 and November 8.

Chrysanthemums.

CHARLES TURNER'S ANNUAL
EXHIBITION will commence on the ist, and continue
till the end of November.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

J — ' Bulbs, 6j., 9^,, I2J., iSj., and 24J, per dozen; extra
strong, 30J. and 42^. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices,

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Standard, Half-Standard, and Dwarf Hybrid

PERPETUAL ROSES.

HUGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, of
very fine quality, grown on fresh land at their new
Nursery, Bush Hill Park, near Enfield, by the 100 or 1000,
at very low prices.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Roses.

CHARLES TURNE R'S Priced
CATALOGUE of the above is now ready. Plants are
remarkably fine this season.

FRUIT TREES are equally good, trained trees extra fine.
SHRUBS and TREES in great variety, and of all sizes.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

T ILY OF THE VALLEY.— Strong Clumps

■^-* are in stock, and may be seen by Trade Buyers at
HOOPER AND CO.'S, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Low Prices for Cash.

New Pernettyas.
T T. DAVIS' LIST of his New Varieties

-L^» of PERNETTYA MUCRONATA for the present
Season is now ready, and may be had on application. The
plants are finely berried. Early Orders are requested.

Ogle's Grove Nursery, Hillsborough, Co. Down.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— 20,000 extra

strong, in 6o's ; LASTREA ARISTATA var., lo.oco, in
6o's. Price on application.
WATSON AND EDEN. MertonAbbey Nursery, London, S.W.

FOR SALE, from lo to 20 per Cent, below
Trade Prices, Common and Portugal Laurel, Roses, Com-
mon Barberry, Periwmkle, Black Currants, Gooseberries, &c.
A. AND F. HARNETT. Worplesdon, Guildford.

The Grand New Narcissus Incomparabilis Glganteus,
" U 1 R W A T K I N."

kJJ 3?. td. each, 365. per dozen, 250J. per lox
Should be in every collection. A "special" offer of other
popular kinds on receipt of list of names and quantities requii ed,
JAS. DICKSON AND SONS. '-Newton" Nurseries, Chester.

Chrysanthemums in Flower.

PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries,
Cheshunt, N , invite an Inspection of their Collection,
DOW in fine condition.

Lily of the Valley.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and
Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, W.C, has
upwards of 200,000 strong flowering German Crowns for disposal,
in the finest possible condition.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS. Pitmaston PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c,

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^^ giving personal atterti>n to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, COJIMISSION SALESMAN,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, CoventGftrden.
W. C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CL^T FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WISE AND RIDES beg to inform Senders
that the following are now in demand :—STEPHA-
NOTIS. EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ODONTOGI.OSSUM and other ORCHIDS, ROSES, &c. ;
alio TOMATOS, CUCUM BERS, &c-

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collections of HYA-
CINTHS for pots and glasses, selected withlhe greatest
care, both when visitmg our growers in Holland and at the
Spring Shows of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic
Societies of London.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— SUTTON'S Special
EXHIBITOR'S COLLECTIONS of HYACINTHS:
25 Splendid varieties, 4?j. ; 12 splendid varieties, 21J,, carriage
free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 100 HYACINTHS,

in 100 very choice sorts, S4J., carriage free.

SUTTON^sTBUXBS.^roo HYACINTHS',
in 50 very choice sorts, yof., carriage free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

50 very choice sorts, 42J. , carriage free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

25 very choice sorts. 35J., carraige free.

SU T^fON^slj U LBS.^ 5 HYACINTHS, in
25 very choict sorts, 21J., carraige free.

SUTTON'S BULBST— 12 HYACINTHS, in
12 extra fine sorts, laf.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYACINTHS, in
12 choice sorts, gj.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— iThYACINTHS^ in
r2 good sorts, &s.

UTTON'S iBULBS.— SUTTON'S BULB

CATALOGUE FOR 1884, containing complete cultural
instructions, gratis and post-lree on application.

s

s

UTTONand SONS,

The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. BERKS.

To BE SOLD, a large quantity of verv
choice surplus HOTHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS.
FERNS, &c., the accumulation of years, at the Greenhouses,
Alexandra Park. N. Cards to view to be obtained from

C. J. HAYTER, I, Draper's Gardens, Throgmorton Avenue,
London, E.G.

Cape Bulbs.

THE BOTANIC GARDENS, Capetown,
Cape of Good Hope, are now Booking Orders for Bulbs
and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, deliverable about February next.
Price Lists on application. ED. HUTT, Seed Manager.

M O R R I S,"

BORDER CARNATION.— T»o First-class Cer-
tificates, 3r. a pair, 15J. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
raiser.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C.

MARY
BORDER C/

EUCHARIS CANDIDA.— Good Bulbs by
the 100 or loco. The flowers of this free flowering species
are extensively used for cutting. Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Lily of the Valley. '

ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Lubeck, near
Hamburgh, offer the above, 3-years old, extra strong
Crowns, at 345. per 100, three months terms. Terms for cash en
application.

s

O

PIR/EA JAPONICA, 2-yr. transplanted.

Strong clumps, for forcing, los. per 100,
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth •' Old" Nursery. Woking.

O THE TRADE. — W. BARRACK,

Nurseryman, Kendal, offers Mari5chal Niel ROSES,
2 feet, on own roots, strong stuff, at gr. per dozen, 701. per 100.

~N SALE, TWO good PEACH TREES ;

gave fruit this summer lo oz. weight. Address,
GARDENER, Bankfield, Whalley Range. Manchester.

WARF-TRAINED FRUIT TREES are

extra fine with us this year. All leading varieties
of PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRICOTS, PEARS,
APPLES, PLUMS. fi:c. LIST post-free.

GEO. COOLING and SON, The Nurseries. Bath.

Grape Vines— Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, post-free on application.
Early Orders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, N.

wo THOUSAND VINES for immediate

fruiting and for permanent planting, thoroughly ripened
Canes. CATALOGUE on application.

J. DICKSON AND SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant-"
ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES inputs. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

To the Trade

CUCUMBER SEEDS.— Tender and True
and Telegraph, of our own saving. CaiefuUy selecttd
stocks which we can offer with confidence. Price on apphcatiou,
GEO. COOLING ANt> SON, Seedsmen, Balh.

54^

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[N'OVEMBER I, IS84.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Sales Every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.

DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (next door but one to
Bennett's Clock), every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS Irom Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tottenham

Adjoining the Station.

SALE of remarkably well qrown NURSERY STOCK. Dwarf

ROSES. HERBACEOUS PLANTS and BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. T. S. Ware to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
onTUESDAY, November 4, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a large
quantity of unusually well grown NURSERY STOCK, in-
duding 3000 Laurels, ij^t04 feet ; 1000 bushy Aucubajapoiiica,
I to i^ foot ; 3000 Standard Ornamental Trees, 50C0 well-fur-
nished Euonymus, good for potting; jodo Tree Carnations, in
all the leading varieties ; 2000 Tree Carnation "Andalusia,"
the finest yellow tree variety; icco Pinks " Mrs. Sinkins ; "
20C0 Violets. 8oo3 Dwarf Roses, in first-class varieties; 3000
hardy Climbers, 40,000 Seaka'.e and A'iparagus. extra strong ;
10,000 Christmas Roses (Helleboru?), 1000 Anemone japonica,
ijo,oo5 double and single Naicissus. and large quantities of
other HERBACEOUS>LANTS and BULBS.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Wednesday Nest.

25.003 LILIUM AURATUM.

50CQ LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Novem-
ber 5, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, an-unusually extensive
ronsi^nment of 25,000 LILIUM AURATUM, just received
from Japan in splendid condition, and 5000 LILIUM TENUI-
FOLIUM, received direct from America for unreserved sale.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

A fine assortment of Hardy English-grown LILIES and
BULBS, 3JO CAMELLIA Sand AZALEAS from Belgium,
3CO Standard ROSES of the best sorts, a selection of
FERNS. PALMS, and other decorative PLANTS ;
HELLEBORUS NIGER, and other Plants and Bulbs.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C , on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 5, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale nd Catalogues had.

Foots Cray, Kent.

By order of the Executrix, who 15 desirous of reducing the Stock
and dis.posing of the Business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The
Sidcup Hill Nursery. Foots Cray, about i mile from Sidcup
Station, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 5
and 6, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, a further portion of
the NURSERY STOCK, consisting of specimen Conifers and
Evergreens. 1000 Laurels, i to 2^3 feet \ 800 Portugal Laurels,
2 to 4 feet ; Ornamental and Forest Trees, Standard and Pyra-
mid Fruit Trees, loco Aucubas and Common Hollies, 2000
Standard and Dwarf Roses, Climbing Plants, and other Stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises and of the Auctioneers at their Central Auction Rooms
and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

N.B.-The old established NURSERY BUSINESS is to be
sold on greatly reduced terms. Full particulars of the Auc-
tioneers.

Friday Next.
VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROEand MORRISare
instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION,
at iheir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on
FRIDAY NEXT, November 7, a splendid lot of SOPHRO-
NITIS GRANDI FLORA, CATTI.EVA CRISPA, C.
LODUIGESI. true: ONCfDIUM MARSHALLIANUM,
L/KLIA DAYANA. MILTONIA CANDIDA, BURLTNG-
TONIA FRAGRANS ; CATTLEYAS of sorts : ODONTO-
GLOSSUMS : several very fine NEW ORCHIDS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Friday Next

VALUABLE COLLECTION OF ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions lo SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 78, Cheapside, E.C, , on
FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a COL-
LECTION of VALUABLE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS
formed by a gentleman giving up their culture through chanRC
of residence. The collection contains Seedling Cypripediuins,
Cattleya labiata pallida Epidendrum Frederici Guili-

Cypripedium stelligeriim, extra elmi

^ - — ■ •-- Vanda Cathcarti

fine variety
Deiidrobiiim Findleyanum

„ Farmeri

., aurea-fi.ivum

,, Dayanum

,, nobile intermedia

„ Grifililhianum(Rollisson's
oii;£iiiaI plant, with 50
bulbi)

,, albo-sanguincum

„ Ainswotlhi

„ bir >!or

„ glumaceum

,, anosrjium

„ Gibsoni
Saccolahium retusum

,, pra:morsum
Lselia purpurata albn

ujvis Veilchii
Atirides nobile
,i Leeanum
„ affioe superbum
„ ,, roseum
,, Ruavissimnm fiavidum
„ odoratum purpurascens
„ nobile — Rucker's variety
(the original plant
bought at Mendel's
sale, 4 feet high, 32
leaves
Sobralia macrantha (Swolley's

var.)
Masdevallia chimxra Wallisi
Calanlhe nivalis
,, Turneri

On view morning (tf Sale, and Catalogues had.

Milford Nurseries, Godalming, near the Milford and

New Godalming Railway Stations.
ANNUAL SALE of First-class NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr, Maurice Young to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Milford Nurseries, Godal-
ming, on TUESDAY, November 11, and two following days,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several Acres of beautifully
grown NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and
lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyeis, comprising 3000
specimen Evergreens and Conifers, lo.oco Laurel rotundifohum,
1 to 23^ feet; 2000 creen and variegated Aucubas, 3000 ditto
Box, 3000 Berberis Darwinii, y.on Relinospora aurea and R.
flavescens, i to 2 feet, suitable for pots; loco Cupressus Law-
soniana lutea, i to 2 feet ; ioo3 Euonymus radicins. 2000 fine
named and hybrid Rhododendrons, 3003 Dwarf Roses, Fruit
Trees. 5000 Red Currants. 3000 Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to
10 feet ; 100,000 transplanted Forest Trees, io,oco Evergreen
Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce Firs, i to 3 feet — 3000 fit for
Christmas Trees ; and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the PremiKes,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Chtapside,
London. EC.

N.B. — Messrs. Pbotheroe & Morris beg to call the
specbl attention of Genllemen, Nurserymen, and 01 hers
requiring well-growD Stock for immediate effect, to the above
highly important Sale,

Leytonstone, Essex.

IMPORTANT SALE of a large quantity of thriving NUR-
SERY STOCK, viz., choice Evtirgreen, C:'nifei:e. and
Deciduous Shrubs, Hardy American Plants, Ornamental
and Forest 1'ree=, Selected Fruit Trees, 2000 Standard.
Dwarf, and other Roses, choice Greenhouse Plants, Double
Primulas, Vines, S:c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION Ihe above, on the Premises,
The American and Fillebrook Nurseries, adjoining the Railway
Station, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, November n and 14,
at r2 o'clock precisely each day.

Full particulars in Catalogues, which may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E C.

Fortlicoming Sales of Niirsery Stock.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to call the attention of intending purchasers to the
following Sales : —

NOV. 18 -THE NURSERY, ASHFORD, KENT.
CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the Stock growing upon
that portion of the Nursery taken by the Burial Board lor the
extension of the Cemetery, and required by January T ne.\t.

NOV. i8 ard 19. — At Ihe NURSERY. SUTTON,
SURREY, by order of Mr. H. Potter, two days' Sale ol
unusually WELL GROWN NURSERY STOCK.

DATE NOT YET FIXED. -The ROY.\L NURSERIES,
ASCOT, by order of Mes-'rs fohn Standi..h & Co., important
two days' SALE of NURSERY STOCK, for the gro.*th of
which this Nursery is so justly celebrated

67 and 68, Cheapside, EC.

Bullja.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Satiu'daya.

MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King .Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as above,
largeconsignmentsof first-class DUTCH FLOWER KOOl'S,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'clock, fjuishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6760.)
PLANTS from GHENT.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY NEXT, Novem-
ber 3, 80 fine plants of AZALEA INDICA. in variety; so
DRAC.«NA TERMINALIS, and 60 FICUS ELAStlCA,
from Ghent.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6762.)

PLANTS from BELGIAN, DUTCH, and ENGLISH

NURSERIES.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
■Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on WED.VESDAV NEXT,
November s, a consignment of choice named CAMELLIAS,
AZALEA INDICA, DRACHMA INDIVISA, D. TERMI-
NALIS, D. CONGESTA, FiCUS ELASTICA, PALMS,
and other Plants from Ghent, Standard ROSES to name.
Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES from a well
known English Nursery. Also a consignment of SHRUBS,
Ornamental CONIFERS, and other Plants in great variety
from Holland, and a large assortment of first-class DUTCH
BULBS, LILY of the VALLEY, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6763.)
5000 LILIUlU AURATUM from JAPAN.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. Kmg
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT.
November 6, a consignment of 5000 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM
AURATUM, just received from Japan in fine condition.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

18 Cases of Orchids just received direct from Brazil.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Room,!, 38 King
Sireet, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY, November 6,
18 cases just received direct Irom Brazil, comprising 380 C \'r-
TLEYAS, in variety, 330 L.«LIA PURPURATA. including
some enormous masses, 18 ZYGtJPEIALUM GAUTIERI, 25
MILTONIA species, ra plants ofaswcet-scented MILTONI.A,
25 ONCIDIUM BIFt)LlUM, t6 ONCIDIUM species, S:c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

4500 Tuberoses, UUes in Variety, and other Bulbs.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESD.\V, November rt, at half,
past r2 o'clock precisely, a consignment of 4503 TUliE-
Rt^SES from South Africa : Home-grown LILIES in vaiiety ;
about 25 lb. o(THRINAX RECLINATA SEED: 500 PRI-
MULA CASHMIRIANA and ROSEA; also a quamily of
LILIUM SPECIOSUM L. UMBELLATUM, L. lUiRI-
NUM,L. THUNBERGIANUM, LILY of the VALLEY;
AMARYLLIS LONGIFOLIA: IRIS K/EMPFERI, &c.,
from Holland.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

rnursday Kext.-(Sale No. 6763).
IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Sireet,
Coviint Garden, W.C , oa THURSD.^iY NFXr, Novem-
ber 6, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a gram! impoitation
of CATTLEYA TRIAN.-E SPECIES. Popayan var.; C.
SKINNERI, C GfGAS. C. CITRI.MA, C MENDEL/.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E, o' ih. finest type;
MASDEVALLIA HARRVANA, COMPARETIIA MA-
CROPLECTRON. PILUMNA FRAGR.4NS var. NOBI-
LIS, PINGUICULA CAUD.VPA, Sc, from Messr.=. Shuttle-
worth, Carder & Co. Also a small collection of Specimen
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including Cattleya labiata pal-
hda, Cypripedium Chatitini, Dendrobium Schro;deri, Sacc.:»la-
bium Blumei Russelliaaa, Cattleya Warneii, Masdevalllas
Oncidiums, L^iia elegans alba. Cclogyne Mas'angeani, Odon'
toglossums, Ljcastes, &c. ; and 48 plants of Vanda Hookeri-
10 A'irides HcuUelianum, 26 Calanthe Regnieri, and 12 Phalw,
nopsis Esmeralda.

Oil view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Hundleby, near Spilsby.

The Nursery is situated within hali a mile of the Spilsby Station
on the East Lincolnshire Line. Great Nonhcrn Railway

MR. H. SIiMPSON, instructed by Mr. J. W.
Cole (in consequence of the expiration of the Ltase of
the Halton Nursery), will oflTer by PUBLIC AUCTION, on
the Holly Nursery Grounds. Hundleby. en TUESDAY.
November ^, at ti o'Clock. the whole of the valuable NURSE RV
STOCK, comprising : —

40.0C0 ASH, 2 to 3 feet. 20,003 Ash, 2 to 4 feet,
5o,co3 LARCH. 2 to 3 feet, loo.oco Larch, 3 to 5 feet. 50,000

Larch, 4 to 6 iti.i. Three limes transplanted.
55 000 0.-\KS, 2 to 4 feet. lo.oco Oafcs, 3 to 5 ftet.
5,oco PRIVET, 2 to 3 fett.
40,000 (JUICK, a-yr. transulanled.

100,000 SPRUCE, I to 2 feet 50,000 Spruce, i|,3 to a feet
5000 Spruce, 2 to 3 feet,
lo.coQ SCOTCH FIRS, 12 to 15 inches.
1000a SILVER FIRS, I to 2 feet.
5,ooD AUSTRIACA PINES and lARICIO PINES, i to

3 feet-
lo.ox) ELMS, LIMES. SVCAMORES, BIRCH. HORSE
CHESTNUTS, MOUNTAIN ASH, SPANISH
CHESTNUTS, THORNS, for Hedge-ro* or Park
Trees, 8 to la feet, ail well-rooted and transplanted
duiins the past two years,
i.ooo COMMON YEWS. 2 to 3 feet. 2coo PORTUGAL
LAURELS.3to3feet. 2cco Common LAURELS,
3 to 4 feet. 1000 ROTUNDl FOLIA, 2 (o 3 feet.
i.cc.j Gold, Silver, and Variegated Hiy'LLIES, 2 to 4 feet.
2 ojo yards of dwarf BOX EDGINt;.

A large quantity of SHRUBS in lo'S. consisting of Aucubas
and Hollies of sorts (Gold, Silver, Yellow -berried), Yews, Box,
Juniper, erecta viridi?, Portugal Laurel, Cupressus Lawsoni-
atia. Rhododendrons, ^c.

The Ash, Larch, Spruce, Oaks, Quick, Scotch and Silver
Firs will be sold by the looo, and the remainder in quantities to
suit purchasers.

The Ash, Oak and Quick are growing at the H.^lton Nursery,
and can be insnected the day previous aaJ on the mornin;* of
Sale.

THe Clock House, Clapham Common, S.W.

CLEARANCE SALE.

MESSRS. J. McLACHLAN and SONS
have received instructions from J. Kemp Welch, Esq ,
to SELL by AUCTIO.V, on the Ptemi-cs. as above on
WEDNESDAY. November ts, at t o'Clock precisely, the
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, IRON HOT-WATER PIPING
G.\RDEN IMPLEMENTS, LIGHTS, and FRAMES,
about 4 loads of MANURE, LEAD, IRON, and SLATE
CISTERNS, IRON HURDLES, and general OUTDOOR
EFFECTS.

Catalogues to be had of the Auctioneer, 2, The Pavement,
Clapham Common, S.W.

■Woodham Hall.

iJ4 mile from Woking Junclion, on the Addle^tone Road.

MESSRS. GIDDY and TURNER (havint^
disposed of the estate) will include in the SALE on
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 12 .ind 13 a
choice COLLECTION of VALUABLE PLANTS, includi'ng
fine Camellias, full of flower-buds ; lari^e Azalea indica, full of
flowers for cutting; grand Chrysanthemum:^, in large plants ;
splendid plants of Daphnes, coloured Draca;nas, Poinsetlias,
Euphorbias, specimen Maidenhair Ferns, in large pots; and
several thousand other plants, such as Amaryllis, Gloxinias,
Pelargoniums, Cinerarias, bedding GeraniuniN. foliage bedding
plants, &c. Also a quantity of useful Garden Effects.

Catalogues had of the Auctioneers, 13 i. Pall Mall, S.W. ; or
at their Branch Offices, Guildford and Sunningdale.

Great Clearance Sale of Greenhouse, Stove, and

OTHER ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.

THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY
CO. (Limited) have resolved to DISPOSE, of by
PUIILIC AUCTION, without reseive. on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY, November 13 and 14, at n o'Clock each day, the
whole of the valuable contents of ihe extensive Plant-houses at
New Golden Acre, Granton Road, compiisirg many thcu^ands
of the leading Ornamental Plants, such as PALMS. DRA-
CAENAS, FICUS. FERNS. AZALEAS. CAMELLIAS,
Tea ROSES. VINES, &c., well worthy of the attention of the
Trade and others.

Catalogues are in prep.Tration. and may be had from THE
LAWSON COMPANY. George IV. Bridge: or from the
Auctioneer, DAVID M ITCH ELL. 6, Comely Bank, Ediuburnh.

Isleworth, Middlesex.

SALE of EXCEEDINGLY VALUABLE FREEHOLD

and COPYHOLD PROPERTIES.

MR. E. P. NEWMAN will SELL by AUC-
TION, at the Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard. Lotidon,
E.G.. on TUESDAY. Nov. i3, at 12 o'Clock, ab.nit iq'; acres
of exceedingly fertile FRUIT PLANTATIONS known as the
Mogdcn House Gardens, tc-getlier with two well-built detached
residences thereon. Cottage, nud convenient Outbuilding'^,
situate in the Twickenham Road; also llie Fruit Plantation
known as Lewis' Gaidtrn, containing about 3 acres. The Land
is well. planted with Fruit 'I'rees. and has extensive frontagct
admirably adapted for Building Purposes, being within a few
minutes' walk of three Railway Stations, and which will be sold
in four lots.

Particulars, with Pliins. can be obtained of Messrs. TYLEE,
WICKHAM AND MOBERLV. Solicitors, 14, E55e.\ Street.
Strand ; of A. T. DRAPER, Esq., Surveyor, Leicester; E. I>.
DRAPER, Esq., Solicitor, Bromley, Kent ; and of the Auc-
Itonecr and Estate Agent, 41, High Street, Uxbridijc, and
Hdliiigdon, Middlesex.

November i, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

547

Iiuportant Sale of Stove and Greenhouse Plants.

MESSRS, HUTCHISON and DIXON
will SELL by AUCTION, on MONDAY, November 10,
at ihe Mart, 7, West Nile Street, Claspow. comineDCeinfi at \i
o'clock noon, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
ORCHIL^S, FERNS. STATUARY. &c. (that belonged
to the lale A. B. Stewart, Esq., Rawclilf Lodge. Langside,
and removed lor convenience of Sale), including Dendrobium
chrysotoxiini, Pierardi latifolium, Calceolus, Parishii, nobile,
densiflorum, and primulinuin giganteum ; Oncidiuni sphuce-
Utum niajus, aurosum, luridum gultaUnii, llexuosum, Weiit-
worthianum, ir.curvuni, macranthum, and Papilio ; Calantlie
masuca, veratriiolia, Veitchii, and vestita oculata : Ca:log>ne
Cristala and oculata, Lycaste Skinneri, cruenla and Deppci ;
Sophronitis grandlflora, best dark variety ; Vanda tricolor, fine
variety : Ausellia africaoa. large bulbs ; Yanda suavis Veitchii,
Lalia purpnrata. laige plant, fine variety ; Epidendrum pri;nia-
tocirpum, ACrides nobile, Slanhopea grandiilora, M.ixiilaii.i
Tcnu>t;i, Cymbidium Mastersii superbum, showing flower ; Go-
bralia macr.inth.^ naoa. Thunia alba and Mar^hallii, Cypripc-
diuin bil1oiun)> in.-^igne, caudatum, Maulei, true, showing fljwer ;
Phhiiis Watlichii, large plant ; Odontoglossum Alexandi.x.
Andcrsonianiim, Pesc:Uotei, Iriumrhans, cirrosuin, Lindley-
anun), platyodon, cordatuni, and other best selected varieties,
many of them specimens in the (inet>t order ; Misdevallia Ilar-
ryana jiiperba, Veitchii. Lindeni. Davisii, aniabilis, chimxra,
and tovarensis, all very hae plants ; Hymenophyllum deinissum,
dilatatum, exsertuin, humile, fucifotme, obtusum, ciispalum,
pectiiiatum, caudicutatum (the largest specimen in the country,
I foot 6 inches high. 3 feet through, peifcct, extra fine plant);
Oliveseum, tamaiisciforme, attenualum, flexuosum, and sca-
bruni ; Trichoinanes radicans. Bauerianum, rcni'orme (perhaps
the fiiicst plant in Europe, perfect specimen, 2 feet through', tri-
choideum, maximum ; Lui^chnathianumsuperbum (perfect), anti-
culatuni ; Todea intermedia, superba, and pellucida ; Dicksonia
antarctica and squarrosa Gteichenia dicarpa, rupestris, and spe-
luncx ; Davallia Ksempferi, Dasylirion lougifoliiim glaucum ;
(gnuid specimen). Blachnum brasiliense, Beautamea longifo'ia
(extra fine), Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phormium
teuax variegaium, fine exhibition specimen ; Livistonia rotunui-
folia, Slatice niacroplera, Stephanolis floribunda, Clerodendron
Thomsoni, and a Urge quantity of other Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, many of ihem bein^; SDecimens; also STATUARY iu
life size. DUSTS, PEDESTALS, S:c.

Note. — The Auctioneers beg to call the special attention of
intending purchasers to the above sale. The Orchids and Odon-
toglossums are all the very best selected varieties, many of them
being specimens in the finest order. The Ferns are all rare sons
of their kind (two of them being perhaps the finest and largest
in Europe), selected by Mr. Stewart with the greatest care ; and
altogether the Collecttoa is one of the best offered in Glasgow
for a considerable time.

Full particulars in Catalogues, now ready, to be had free upon
application to the Auctioneers.

Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.

AUCTION SALE

OF VALUABLE W E L L - G K 0 W N
NDKSERY STOCK.

Including several thousauds of strong Dwarf Hybrid*perpet\ial,

Moss, and Provence ROSES, in all the best varieties.
A quantity of Standard Hybrid Perpetual ROSES in best sorts.
A quantity of Dwarf Gloire de Dijon ROSES.
Ov.iMeaved PRIVET, very bushy stuff, invaluable for villa

planting.
Many thousand EUONYMUS JAPONICA, i to s feet, very

bushj', fine for pots and bo.\es.
Thousands of AUCUBA JAPONICA, specially line bushy

stuff, I to 2 feet.
TREE CARNATIONS, in best varieties.
SPlRvEA JAPONICA, LILY OF THE VALLEY. DIE-

LVTRA SPECTABILIS, and other forcing stuff.
Thousands cfStard.ird PLANES, LIMES, LABURNUMS,

POPLARS, &c., in line strong trees.
Large quantity of Common LAURELS, very fine and bushy,

2^3 to 4 feet.
Thousands cf Hardy CLIMBERS, all the best sorts, including

JASMINES. LONICERAS.AMPELOPSIS, IVIES,

ESCALLONIAS. &c.
Thousands of LILIUM CANDIDUM, very strong bulbs.
A large quaniity of HELLEBORUS NIGER, and H. NIGER

MAXIMA.
Several thousands of extraordinarily fine strong forcing SEA-
KALE and ASPARAGUS.

The Sale will be held on TUESDAY, Nov. 4.

Catalogues may be had on application to THOMAS S.
WARE, at above address.

WANTED TO RENT, on Lease, about
I or 2 Acres of LAND (with House prefened), within
about S miles of Covent Garden Market, for Florist Trade, and
the Erection of a few Greenhouses.

W. M.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellineton Street.
London. W.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a first-class SEED
BUSINESS, in one of the largest towns in the Midland
Counties.
Apply, Z. Y. X., Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, Old-established,
with many acres of Prime Stock suitable for the increasing
wants of a large seaside resort. The numerous Green and
Forcing Houses are in full working order. Very ea--y terms
may be made by a responsible ipurchaser, as the owner is
advancing in years and desirous of retiring. No agents.

Apply by letter to Mr. LAMB, 14, Thavies Inn, Holborn,
London, W.C.

FOR SALE a NURSERY and SEED
BUSINESS at the thriving Market Town of Denbigh
(North Wales). Nurseries about 14 acres, -with a good saleable
stock of Forest, Fruit, and other Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse,
&c. Very favourably situated near to railway station. Land
in good condition and on easy terms. Premises (leasehold, and
rent low) for Seed Business situated in the centre of the town
in the main street, to be disposed of on favourable terms to
purchaser.

All particulars on application to Mr. HUGH ROBERTS,
Crypt Chambers, Chester.

XfOR SALE, MARKET GARDEN LAND,

J- 17 acres in ring fence— S Acres of the earliest Garden
Sand Land in England, suitable for growing very early Peas,
Potatos.&c, with 9 acres of very good Pasture, Cottage, Barn,
and Stable. 354 miles from Devizes, 6K from Chippenham, and
16 from Bath Stations. Price j£i4oo. To view, apply to owner,
H. A. WADWORTH, Brewery, Devizes, Wilts.

HULL and EAST RIDING
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOV/ will be held in
Ihi Public Rooms, J.irratt Street, Hull, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY, November 20 and 2t.

Tlie l'li^es, which amount to nearly ONE HUNDRED
POUNDS lor CHRYSANTHEMUMS alone, include the
following:— 48 Bloom, .£10, Cl^ ^4. i^2.

34 Blooms, C^, .^2 lor., ^i, 10s.
Schedules may be had on application to

R. FALCONER JAMESON, ) Hon.
WM. HAWKSWORTH, (Sees.

Queen's Dock, Hull.

THE FOURTH GRAND EXHIBITION
of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUITS, .ind VEGET-
ABLES, Fine Art Exhibition Building, Vol It, NOVEMBER
26, 27, and 2S.

Group of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, arranged for cfT-.d,
9 feet diameter. — ist prize, a Silver Cup, given by the Right
Hon. the Lord Mayor of York.

Twelve CHRYSANTHEMUMS, large flowered, in pols.—
1st prize, a Silver Cup, given by the Sherill'of York.

Twenty-four CHRYSANTHEM UMS. large flowered, cut.—
1st prize, a Silver Cup. given by the ex-Sheriff of York.

Other liberal prizes offered. Schedules, &c , to be obtained of

S,Spurriesgate,York. J. LAZENBY, Secretary.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E.

Princip.il- Mr. H. E. MiLNER, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 r.M Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER lias moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

Fifty Nvirserles, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.G.

''P MILLINGTON and CO., English

J- • and Foreign Sheet and Plath Glass, White
Lead, Millbd Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

AUTUMN AND WINTER-FLO WEEING
PLANTS. t^^^

'B. S. WILUAMS^^

Begs to announce that in consequence of the hot
summer his stock of the above is remarkably fine this
year, and well set for flower. Early orders are solicited
for the following, which are now ready for delivery : —

AZALEA INDICA, in variety.

., MOLLIS, seedlings and named sorts.
BUUVARDIAS. leading kinds.
CAMELLIAS. leading kinds.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM and C. PERSICUM
DEUTZIA GRACILIS. [GIGANTEUM.

EPACRIS, leading kinds.
ERICAS, leading kinds.
KALMIAS.

LILACS. Chas, X,. and other leading sorts.
PRIMULA SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA.

,, double, leading kinds.
PRUNUS SINENSIS ALBA-PLENA,
RHODODENDRON, best varieties.
SOLANUMS, Williams' hybrid.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.
VIBURNUMS.
For complete List and Prices, see BULB CATALOGUE,
which can be had Gratis and Post-free on application.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Home-grown bulbs,

J— J as exhibited by us at ihe Royal Horticultural Society's
Show, South Kensington, October 14, 15, and 16, when we
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for them, the bulbs
being acknowledged *' splendid." See all Gardening Papers in
October for comments. Mr. W. Paterson, Head Gardener to
H.M. the Queen, says: — "A splendid sample." Home-Grown,
i.r, 6d , 25., 2^. 6d., and 35 6d. each ; imported, gd., is . is. 6d.,
and w each, and from fj per do?en. For a fine colleclion of
LILIES and other IJULES see CATALOGUE, free on appU-
cation.— COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL. Bulb Growers
and Importers, 39, Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

ASPBERRY CANES, FASTOLFS or
ANTWERP REDS.
CURRANT or GOOSEBERRY (yellow) TREES.
Large quantities can be supplied at low rates. Apply
THOMAS BROS., Woodman's Farm, Bishop's Wahham,
Hants ; or J, B. THOMAS, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

SEAKALE FOR^^FORCING. — Ej^cellent
selected large roots, got. per 1000, and 2s. packing ; any
number under 500, loj. per 100, and is. packing. All orders
prepaid, which will be forwarded with utmost haste. A sample
sent if required,

ALFRED ATWOOD, Market Gardener, 50, Shillington
Street, Baltersea, S.W.

CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION.

. CUTBU8H & SON

(LIMITED)

Invite Inspection of the above, which will be
open to Visitors during the next three weeks.
The Exhibition will be Illuminated by the

Electric Light on Monday Evening, Nov. 3,

and continue throughout the week.

HIGHQATE NURSERIES, LONDON, N.

LARGE ARAUCARIA EXCELSA for Sale.
Also large SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS, from ^ to la ft.
E. COOLING, Mile Ash, Nurseries, Derby.'

rpEA SCENTED ROSES, in Pots, for

-^ Forcing, — Fine plants of all the best varieties, including
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Eloile do
Lyon, Madame Lanibard, &c., at 945. to 30J, per dozen ;
smaller size, bushy plants, in 5-inch pots, 15J. to i8r. per dozen.
Also e.vtra strong CLIMBING ROSES, in Pols, for t:oiiserva.
tory Planting— Marf^chal Niel, Climbing Devonieiisis. W. A.
Richardson. Reine Marie Henriette, La Marque, Triomphe de
Rennes, and many others, sr. 6ii. . ^r. 6rf. and 51. each.
New Rose CATALOGUE free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SON. The Nurseries, Bath.

QPECIAL CHEAP O F F E R.—

O ALDER, ASH, BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (English), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in v.aiiety. from 4 to ro feet ; THORN
(,IUICK. 3, 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES. , to 6 feet : BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, j'/. to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, s to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER.
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to 0 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted
IVIES inv.ariety. LAURELS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS.
3 to s feet : RETINOSPORAS. in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, e to 4 feet, line stuff ; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRON S, for covert and other planting,
from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunnin-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA,
&c. Double Yellow and While PR I M ROS E S.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Millon,
Stoke-on-Trent.

OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

Planting.

WFROMOW AND SONS invite the
• attention of Genllemen, Builders, Gardeners, and
others, intending planting, to inspect their stock of RHODO-
DENDRONS, TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, CLIMBERS,
&c.. which cannot be surpassed. Prices will be found low for
really good stufiF, delivered free within lo miles. Descriptive
CATALOGUE of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, &c., post-free on appli-
cation. Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W.

Branch Nurseries : Hounslow and Acton Green.

FRUIT TREES FOR SALE,
in quantities.
Favourite Cluster DAMSON, staud ird and half ; Victoria or
Dolphin PLUM, standard and half; Bush and New Orleans
PLUM, standard and half ; Warner's King and Stone's PLUM,
standard and half; 20.000 Lad and Bob GOOSEBERRIES;
20.C00 Black Naples and Red CURRANTS, COB TREES,
4oooWELLINGTONIAS,2o,oooCIuster DAMSON SPAWN,
3 to 4 feet. Terms cash \vith order.

A. SEARS. Mr. Skinner's, East Farleigh. Kent.

THE SENSATION of the SEASON.— The
finest Yellow JAPANESE SUMMER CHRYSAN-
THEMUM ever introduced is " G. WERMIG." Awarded
First-class Certificate when shown by me at South Kensington.
The best of the yellow sports from Mad. Desgrange, One mass
of large flowers from August till end of October. Only true
from the raiser, is. 6d. each, 15s. per dozen, £$ per 100. Orders
booked now and executed from the end of March in strict rotation,
G. WERMIG. Wesfield Nursery, Woking, Surrey.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, having a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with confidence recommend
them to purchasers : —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in sJ^-inch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 7-inch

pots. 26s. per doz.
ACACIA DRUMMONDI, in 5-inch pots, iSj.perdoz.; 4-inch

pots. I2S. per doz.
„ ARMATA, in 5-inch pots, iSs. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

12s. per doz. [125. per doz.

,, HYBRIDA, in 5-incli pots, i8j. per doz. ; 4-inch pots,

SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, well berried, in s-inch pots,

i2s. and iSj. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and 12-inch pots, 36^. aijd 42J. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in f-uich pots, 12s. and i8r. perdoz. ; grand

plants in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24^., 30s., and 42J. per doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-inch pots, 45. per doz. ;

4'-i-inch pots, 91. per doz.
„ TRApEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 4^. per doz. ; 45^jinch

pots, Qt. per doz,
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, new, in

3-inch pots, 6s. per doz. Lper doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in 3-inch pots, 4^.
TEA ROSES in variety, a grand stock iu s-inch pots, 12s. per

doz. : 7-inch pots, 245.. 30s., and 26s. per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fruit, with six and seven bunches on each

plant, 12^. 6d. and 155. each; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries, 5^., ys. 6d., los. 6d., and 12s. 6d.

each, according to strength. Stock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston.

To the Trade, and Others.

DWARF ROSES. — Several thousands to
offer, really fine stuff, of all the varieties worthy of culti-
vation, at 6i. per dozen, 01 40J. per ico, carriage paid. Cash
with all orders.
WILLIAM DEEDMAN, Little Posbrooke,TitchfieId, Hants.

WILLIAM BARRON an'd""'S0N'S
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Forest Trees, Conifers,
and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons,
Roses, &c., is now ready, and may be had, post-free, on
application,

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, near Derby.

A QUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Grigor's

•^^ var.), — This, the most beautiful of all Columbines, should
have a place in every collection (see article in Gardeners'
Chronicle for last week). Strong flowering plants at 5^. per
dozen, or 31. per half-dozen, in both cases carriage paid for
Cash with Order.

JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.

548

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Eosos for Removal in

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. 185. and 21J.
Half- Standards ,, ,, ,. - - iS^- n ^^f.

Dwarfs „ 9^- ,. i=^-

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers. Forest Hill. S.E.

BULB CATALOGUE,
"HOOPER'S."

The most complete. The lowest prices.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 4cl., whioli is returned In the first purchase.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN,

LONDON, W.C.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

Every plant is well-grown, and my Standard,
Half-Standard, and Dwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever ofTered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

FRANK CANT,

THE MILE END NURSERIES, COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 160 1st Prizes for Roses. " No Con-
nection With any other Person of the same Name "

ANTHONY WAmER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted MURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6. 7i 8 to'
„ laurifolia, ditto, [10 feet high.

„ Hodgias', 3, 4. 5 to 8 feet.

,, myrufolia, ditto. J- many thousands,

„ Scotiica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Vellnw-berried, atiaclarense and others.
,, Variegated, of sorts, 1. 4, 5, 6, 8 to loft. .
„ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and* 6 feet, 8 to 15 feat

in circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautirul specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Hully, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many

thousards.
YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands.

„ Golden, of all sizes up to to feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
,. Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreos,
CUPRtSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4. and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5,6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Cbmese, 7. 8, and 10 feet high.

,, Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRCmiANAGLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands.
,, ,. GLAUCA. 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ HOOKERIANA. 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARKYANA GLAUCA. ij^ to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA C(>NCOLUR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
,, GRANDIS. 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA. 2 to 3 (eet, hundreds.
,, NOB'LIS. iM to 3 feet, thousand?.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6. 7, to ir leet.
,, PINSAPO. 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, i"^ to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEM BR A. 6 to 8 feet
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to <j feet, hundreds.
., LI BAN I (Cedar ol Lebanon) 3 to 5 feet.
THITIA OCCIOKNTALIS LUTEA, 1 to 6 feet, hundred-.
THUIOP.'^IS B0RE4LIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
RETINOSPORAOBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
„ PIblFERA AUREA(true). 3 to6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERf^S AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illu>tra-

|ion5 of Ferns and Sclaginellas, valuable " Hmis on Ftrn
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's

Eegonla

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our P.i/L- Planes.

New crop now harvesled. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieiies, i/- and
2/6 per pack' t ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 7/i and 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, I2named varieties, separate, 7/0
6 named varieties, separate, 4/-
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

A SPECIALITY.

Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb Collection of all the leading Varieties iQ Cultiva-
tion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTI-
CUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30J.

These plants, being thus prepared, may be grown in any
rrinary fibrous loam,
soil or other composts.

orrinary fibrous loam, without the expensive addition of peal

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KI NG'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

Kent: The Garden of England.

{Registered.)

300,000 Trees to select from.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

IMPROVED MUSHROOM

SPAWN, per bushel of s. d.
fourteen cakes . . 6 0

The best in the market : never
fails.

Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N.

250 A C R E S ^

Hardi'ly grown j«

EVERGREENS)

"> ° » ALL • OTHER M° <^

f T R E E S ; & : P L ANTSf-

UNEQUALLED FOR f"a» — '

'(Variety, QuAilJTY AND Extent?)-

*PR1CEDCATAL0CUES-P0ST-FREE4-

-James Dickson &Sons.

"Newton" Nurseries, CHESTER.

The Largest Rose Grounds in England.
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(ESTABLISHED 1 785).
NOW READY,

Descriptive Catalogue of Roses.

FREE ON APPLICATION.

CRANSTON'S NDESERY and SEED CO. (Limited),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

THE PLANTING SEASON.

The Best Roses.

The Btst Hyacinths, Tulips, &'c.

The Best Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs.

The Best Park and Roadside Trees.

The Best Fruit Trees and Grape Vines.

The Best Camellias.

The Best Seeds, S^c.

May be seen and Purchased at

WM. PAUL & SON'S,
Paul's Nurseries, Walthann Cross.

iAdjoinitfg " li'ait/izm Cn'ss" Station, (irc-al Eaiiern
Raiiivay, half an hour from Lonii'>n.) Prtcfs as iow as
possible. Inspection invited. I'riced Catalogues free.

CAMELLIAS.— Twenty large, strong, healthy
trees, well set with bud, height from 6 to iS feet, will be
Sold cheap to a good purchaser. All true to name,

Mr. PHILIP HAYNES, Gardener, Canal Side, Ilkeston,
Derbyshire.

HUGH LOW AND CO. invite inspection
by intending purchasers of their very large and unusually
fine stock of APRICOTS, CHERRIES, DAMSONS, NEC-
TARINES, PEACHES, PEARS, and PLUMS, growing at
their Nursery, near Enfield, about five minutes' walk from the
Bush Hdl Park Station of the Great Eastern Railway. Also
ROSES, Standards and Dwarfs, POT ROSES, GRAPE
VINES, in large quantities. 33 large Houses and numerous
ranges of pits tilled with choice stock, largely winter and spring
flowering. Clapton Nursery, London, E.

Choice Vegetable and Melon Seeds.

R GILBERT'S Productions are all stamped
• with the Hall-mark of Superiority commonly called
First-class Certificates. CHOU DE BURGHLEY, 15 6,/. per
packet; UNIVERSAL SAVOY, ss. bd. per packet: GIL-
BERT'S BURGHLEY PET MELON, which does not canker.
3-year-old seeds, is. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied on liberal
terms— Apply to R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
Stamps with order. Post-free.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We axe the Original Introducers and Sole Agents of
mr. Hairls in England for this Grand Lily.

We have just received our Consi^ments, and find the Bulbs
very good, larger than last year, and in capital sound condition.
This grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it to be the finest introduction for raanyyear^-.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up a to 3 stalks
during the season in succession. Flowers pure white, long
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Price of this and many other varieties of Lilies and other
Flower Roots see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON".

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS. EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES. &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM. LONDON.

SPEC1.4L CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

The rihistrated and Discripthc CA TA LOGUE of FR UI T

poit-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS

at Wholesale Prices.

Imported BULBS exceptioiuiUy fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN.

The People's Seedsman, Chard, Somerset.

Laing's
Dutch
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. 15/-, 21/-, 25/-, 30/-, and til-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c., ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

o

CHBYSANTHEMtTHS.

UR 800 feet continuous bank, 5 feet wide,

of all I his family, is now a splendid sight, and just such a
display and arrangement that must delight every lover of ihisf
flower. Our stock plants showing colours, and a quantity o,
cuttings, are just the very thing for immediate prop.igation.
and to make sure of every succe^-s for exhibitions next year
Plants, 5J. per dozen ; CuttinRS. u. i^d. per dozen. All are
strong, clean, and healthy, country-grown, so very different to
those from back yards and confined smoky situatinns. Cannot
fail to give every satisfaction. Any good specimen flower named,
at -^d. each.

'■ In the almost innumerable ranees of pits .nre fine collections
of Chrysanthemums, and an admirable system is adopted of
placing each variety in groups by themselves fr keeping ihem
true to name. Altogether the wonderful collection of plants to
he found in these nurseries are both a ^urpnse and delight to
the visitor, and testify more eloquently than words can do to
Messr:;. Cannell & Sons' energy." Journal of Horticulturf.
Mrs. Lf.( KV, Xeyland Mouse, Ney/and, Pembroke,
October 3S, 1884.

'* The Chrys.intheiniims you sent me are the most beautiful I
ever saw : splendid colours, curious forms, flowers lovely,"

H. CANNELL & SONS,

NOVBMBER I, 1884.]

THE

GARDENERS'

CHRONICLE.

549

PAUL &, SON'S CHESHUNT ROSES.

PAUL & SON,

THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, N.,

I-WITE ORDERS FOR

STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, and DWARF ROSES;

ROSES, CLIMBING, FOR BEDDING, AND IN POTS.

The plants offered are the largest and best ripened offered for many years,
and should be seen to prove them good value.

The New DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE has been carefully prepared, and has the usual
well-considered resume of the New Roses and remarks on the Rose Season of 18S4 — features
copied by other growers in their Lists without any acknowledgment. It has been endeavoured to
keep the Catalogue worthy of Mr. Loudon's favourable criticisiras of the Rose Catalogue of these
Nurseries some fifty years ago.

PRICED CATALOGUE POST-FREE.

PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, N.

The Champion Growers of 1884 and
Winners of Fifty-three leading Rose Prizes of 1884 in Competition

with all Growers.

new apple-'the sandringham."

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons

Have much pleasure in oft'ering this splendid Novelty, of which they hold the entire stock. On
account of its large size and handsome appearance, its good bearing and keeping qualities, it is
unquestionably the best and most useful introduction of late years.

The fruit is large, heavy, conical, striped, and flushed with red on the side exposed to the sun,
clear yellow on the shaded side ; it keeps well until March. The tree is of good habit, hardy
constitution, and an excellent bearer. It was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal
Horticultural Society, November 14, 1883, and at the Crystal Palace, October 7, 18S4.

" A large and very distirict variety, that came prominently under notice during the late Apple Congress. It is a heavy conical,
s'laped fruii, of first-rate culinary quality." — Gardeners' Chronicie.

Fine Maidens, 5s. each ; a few l-yr.-old Standards, 7s. 6d. each.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

ni 1 1 PQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a tnfle.
DU LDw Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ^"'«^%?rfi','°"-

STANDARDS, 155. per dozen. 105^. per ico.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.

CDIMTO l~J A n/%«nA\ Best* varieties of every form
rnUI I O Ut- SCreSj andkindoftreeatlowprices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) IVIV^'i

TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (St. per dozen. 501.
per 103), FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '-^fh'lt

FORCING, &c., 151. to ids. per dozen.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

\s. per dozen, 25^. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES forcing, i6j.to25f.^per'i^!

X/mCQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V 1 1 1 LO 31. 6d. to I05. 6d. each.

WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
and DOUBLE, 12s. to 24^. per dozen.

CLEMATIS

Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenlwuse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE,

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

CARTERS'

CHEAP and CHOICE

HYACINTHS

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

— iu 100 sorts— Pi ice 75s. Carriage free.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

— in 50 sorts — Price 65S. Carriage free.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

—in 50 sorts— Price 40S. Carriage free.

CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

— in 25 sorts— Price 36s. Carriage free.

100
100

50
50

-| n CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

— in 12 sorts— Price 9s. Carriage free.
Cheaper sorts, 68. and 7S. 6d. per do/en.

Q CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS

^ —in 6 sorts— Price 6s. Carriage free.

1 nnn bulbs for one gttinea.

\\J\J\J Write for CARTERS' SPECIAL BOX

(No. i6), for Indoor and Outdoor Planting, with Cheque or
Post-office Order for 20b. This is the cheapest Collection
ever offered.

■DULBS AND HOW TO GROW THEM.

See Carters PracticalGard^jter. The most thorough
and reliable guide in all matters— for Amateur Gardeners.
Price II. ; Post-free, xa. 41/.

SEEDSMEN

to H RH.

PRINCE OP

WALES,

237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.

'a^^tthJ

To the Trade — Offered by

HUGH LOW AND CO.
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, 91 , iji. per doz.
ARECA LUTESCENS, 48-pots, i8j. per doz.

,, RUBRA, graceful Palm, i foot, 105,, 151, per 100, [p, doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 48-pots, gj., tzs, : si-pots, i8j.

.. GRACILLIMA, extra si^e, 32-pots, i2j., 155, per doz.
AZALEA INDICA. well budded. 125., 155., i8j., 245., 301. doz.

,, ,. ALBA, old white, 1005., 1255. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, in bud, I2i., i8i. per doz.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 2ij., 24s,, 305. per doz.

,, double white, forward buds, will bloom early, 24^, per doz.
CARNATIONS. Tree, finely budded, 12s., ui, per doz.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finely buoded. 9s,, izi. per doz.

.. GIGANTEUM, finely budded, v- 125 per doz.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS. 2SJ., 301., 405. per jco.
DOUBLE WHITE AZALEAS, 70 to 100 shoots, budded,

grand for cutting, will bloom early, 6oi, , 841. per doz.
DRACAENAS, in variety, I2j,, t8i., 30^. per doz.
EPACRIS, in variety, gr,, 12s per doz.
ERICA CAFFRA, finely budded, 9J., 151,, 181. per doz.

„ CERINTHOIDES, scarlet, in flower. I2i. per doz.

„ COLORANS. in flower and bud, 91.. i2j, per doz.

,, GRACILIS, in flower and bud, 91., 125., i8f., 245. p. doz.

.. HYEMALI-^. well budded, gj., 12J., i5J.,24J., 305. p. doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 401., 751. per 100.

,, bANDEKlANA, 40J., 75!. per 100.
FERNS, in variety, 48 pots, 6jJ. per 100.
FICUS ELASTICU.S. fine, 215 , 24s.. 30J. per doz.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, grand, well budded, and in
flower, 241 , 3or., 42j. per doz,

,, RADICANS, well budded ai d in flower, gr. , 12 J, per doz.
GENISTAS, very fine, Sj,, loi., 12s. per doz.
GOLDEN EUONYMUS. fine for pots, 42s., 601. per 100.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 501.. 751, per loo' [tSs. doz.

JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, in fljwer, fine, 121,,

.. GRACILLIM A, strong, in bud. i8j. per doz.
KENTIAS, 4S-pots. 241.. 30J. per doz.

LATANIA BORBONICA, splendid plants. t8j,, 24J., 42j.dcz.
LAURUSTINUS, French-white, well budded, 121.. i8i. doz.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, looi. per 100.

„ PESCATOREI, 103S. per 100.
PAMPAS-GRASS, fine plants, in pots, los. to 40J. per 100.
PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDRA fine plants, ui ,i8j. doz.
RHODODENDRON PRINCESS ALEXANDRA, or. dor.

., PRINCESS ROYAL. 9s,, 12s, per doz.
SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 48-pots, 12J. per doz.
SOLANUMS, well berried, 91., 125, per doz.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most complete '* Little Book" of Irish and other Daffodils
may be had on application. Some very ray e fortns are offered
for tlte first time, atid over loo varieties to select from. Please
enclose dd. to cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
unconunon. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND,

Seedsman, &c., "Old Established" Warehouse,
S4, Patrick Street, Cork.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LOBD BEACONSFIELD

<A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. 1883.
Strong Canes, ly. per dozen, ,,^5 51. per 100. Trade price
on application. a. FAULKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

550

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(November i, 1884.

NOW READY.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL j

ALMANAC AND ADDRESS BOOK for 1885.

PRICB ONE SHILLING; POST-FREE, ONE SHILLING and THREE-PENCE.

This is a most complete and accurate Yearly Reference Book for the use of all interested in Gardens yet published. The Alphabetical Lists of
all Branches of the Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to date. The Lists of Gardens and Country Seats have been very carefully revised,
while the List of Gardeners is entirely re-written and the Post Towns added with the greatest care and attention, and now forms the most Complete
List ever published. The G.\RDEN Annual may be ordered through all Booksellers, Nurserymen, and Seedsmen.

It contains, amotig many other matters, the folloiving, viz. : —

Alphabetieal List of Country Seats and Gardens in the United KingdoiiT,

with Names of their Owners, very much extended and corrected to date.
Alphabetical List of Head Gardeners in the Principal Gardens of llic
United Kingdom, re-written, with nearest Post Towns added.

THIS LIST has befn AUaiKENTED by nearly
800 NAMES and ADDRESSES.

Almanac for the Year 18S3.

Concise Calsndar of Gardening Operations for each Month,
!Flower3, Fruits and Vegetables procurable each Month,
A carefully compiled Alphabetical List of Nurserymen and Seedsmen,
Florists, Horticultural Builders, Engineers, and of the Horti-
cultural Trade generally.

The Principal Gardens, Country Seats and Horticultural Trade in

Great Britain and Ireland, arranged in the order of the Counties, e.\tended and
corrected to date.

Liats of Hew Plants, Fruits, and Vegetables Certificated during ilie
Year.

37, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

MILFORD NURSERIES, GODALMING,

Near the Milford and New Godalming Railway Stations.

ANNUAL SALE OP FIRST-CLASS NURSERY

STOCK.

M

S

ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRI

are instructed by Mr. Maurice Young to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Milford Nurseries, Godalming, on
TUESDAY, November ii, and two following days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several acres of

BEAUTIFULLY-GROWN NURSERY STOCK,

in fine condition for removal, and lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers, comprising : — 3000 Specimen EVERGREENS and CONIFERS,
10,000 LAUREL ROTUNDIFOLIA, i to 2| feet ; 2000 Green and Variegated AUCUBAS, 3000 ditto BOX, 3000 BERBERIS DARWINII,
5000 RETINOSP.'RA AUREA and FLAVESCENS, i to 2 feet, suitable for pots ; 1000 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTEA, i to 2 feet ;
1000 EUONYMUS RADICANS, 2000 fine Named and Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, 3000 Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, 5000 Red
CURRANTS, 3000 ORNAMENTAL PARK TREES, 6 to 10 feet ; 100,000 transplanted FOREST TREES, 10,000 Evergreen PRIVET,
2 to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce FIRS, i to 3 feet — 3000 fit for Christmas Trees, and other Stock.

May le viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 6?,, Cheapside, London, E.C.

N.B. — Messrs. Protheroe & MORi^is beg to call the special attention of Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others requiring Well-grown Stock for

Immediate Effect to the above highly important Sale.

CONTRACTORS TO HHR MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT

)0^\

'hot-water and
HOT-AIR APPARATUS
Erected Complete, or Materials supipjied.
Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Price List on application.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE— i^th Edition— Price \s.

C H A N G B

O F

NAME

from T. H. P. DENNIS & CO. to CROMPTON «fc FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL IWILDERS IN WOOD AND IRON, HEATING ENGL\'EERS AND BOILER MAKERS.

Anclior Works— Chelmsford. London Office— Mansion House Buildings.
Mr. T, H. P. Dennis having retired altogether from business, it will be carried on by the remaining Partners, R. E. Cro.MI'TON and
F. A, FaWKES — the latter retaining his present position as Managing Partner — under the title of

CROMPTON & FAWKES.

They are in a position to guarantee that all Horticultural Work planned and carried out by them, whether extensive or small, will combine the
highest class workmanship and most recent improvements at the most moderate prices ; tlie whole being the result of the scientific and artistic
attainments for which their firm is justly renowned.

November i, iSS^.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

WEBBS'IEsi

OF

BULBS lOR

OUTDOOR CULTIVATION

Contains 680 Selected Bulbs,

; Anemones, dblc. mixed
\ „ bit-ale, mixed
J Ciocv.s, thcicc vnrs.

Crown Imperial
, Hyarimhs, choice raixed
; Iri», Spanish, m;.\ed
: Jonquils, Cainoernelie

Lilium (Jaudidtim
t Narcissus, double white
,, Pneticus
„ Van Sion

6 Polyanthus Narcissus
50 Ranunculus, dble. mixed
25 ,, Turban, fcarUt
100 Snowdrops, double and

sincle
13 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 ,, early double mixed

6 „ La Candeur. dble.

6 „ Parrot, fine mixed
12 ,, single mixed
75 Winter Aconites

Other Collections of Bulbs at 63 , 7s. 6d., lOs. 61I .
153.. 423., 63s., and 1053. eacli.

FiiT. P.\HTtCULAKS SEK

"WEBBS' Bulb Catalogue,

i;!;A /7S cinJ POSr-FREE.

I I

Ail Bulbs sent Free by Post or Rail,

THE. QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

WORDSlEY, STOURBRIDGE.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern limes,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

/^UTBUSH'S MILL-

V> TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN.— Too well knowa to require
description. Price 6s. per bushel
(li. extra per bushel for package), or
tt! p-ir cake ; free by Parcels Post, is.
None geouice unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
- ;~ WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
■ij (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
" ' iiierchnnts. Hisheate Nurseries. N.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HAEDY "FLORIST" FLOWEP.S, including Car-
nations. Psonies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CAT.4L0GUE of the above and many other
things, may be had gratis and pou-fiee on application.

THOMAS S. "WAE.E,
HAUS FARM NURSERIES. TOTTENHAM. LONDON.

SPECIALLY SELECTED ^jR^fes^

^eOOTSiBOLBS^

FOR EARLY FORCING, £-<-■.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

Extra Strong Clvimps—

LILY OF THE VALLEY, SPIR^A JAFONICA and

PALMATA, I)IELYTRA SPECTABILIS,

HELLEBOKUS KIGER.

Single Crowns (German) LILY OF THE VALLEY.

AMARYLLIS, seedlings and named

varieties.
FEEESLA KEFEACTA ALBA.
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS.
GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA.
GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI THE BRIDE.
LILIUM AURATUM.
LlLIUMS in variety.
TUBEROSES, AFRICAN.
F.ir Pruts and farticulars sie GENERAL BULB
CA TA LOGUE. post-free en ot.fUc.ilkm.

VICTORIA and PAfi.ADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOVVAY, LONDON, N.

WM, CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

0/ the Jincst Biilbs.^ Roses, Fruit Tn-es,
Herbaceous Plants^ Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Trees, and Shnd's.

BDLB3 for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6s, per do^en.

TULIPS, the best for foicing, is. and is. 6d. per do/eii, 71. to
ics. per I03.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, is. 6d. per dozt^n.

SPIK.KAS, DIELVTRAS, DEUTP^IAS. LILY of the
VALLliV. MlSCELLANtOUS BULBS iu great
variety, very moderate pricts. Sec CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

se3h3n,Q,f. and 12s. perdoztin.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS. 6s. per dozen
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, 12X. and iZs. per dozen.
ERICAS. EPACRIS. AZALEAS (Indian. Ghent, or Mollis),

HOSES, in pots, for forcing, i8j. and 245. per dozen.
SOI T and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most modciale prices.
CALCEOLARIAS, HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, is. dii. per dozen, loj. per 100,

frcm stoies. In small pols, is. per dozen, aof. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden,

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, si. 6^/. per dozen,

i6s. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, gcf. and u. per dozen. 5J. and 6j.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is, 6d. to 2J. 6*/. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per

CATALOGUE.
,1 ordinary varieties, ^s. 6J. to 5^. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACIA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in ereat variety of

colours; ARABIS ALPINA, AUBRIETIAS, ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, is, per dozen,

ys. per 100; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,

ij. per 100.
DAISIES, red, white or rose, gd. per dozen, 41. per ico.
HEPATICAS. double PRIMROSES, 3s. 6d. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 25i.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

41. and Cs. per dozen, 30J. to 50J. per ico.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, 31. ; 50, 12s. 6d. ; loj, 30J.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-j ear

old, 35. 6d. per dozen ; 2-year old, 6s, per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, s-i- per dozen.
DELPHINIUMS and PyEONIES, Sj. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

„ Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen,
LILIES, in fine variety, 35. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES— our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, izfine varieties, 6j. ; or45J. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES. 12s. to iSs. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, js. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, es. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c, , see CATA LOGUE.

FRUIT TREES - FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c., good trees, 155., iSj. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 405. and 50s per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

75J. and looj. per 100 ; tlaidens, 30.J. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40s., 501., and 751. per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 151., iSj-.,

aud 24s. per dozen.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of soils to name, Zs., los. and

ITS. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per ico.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong ruimcis. 3J. per

100 ; in small pots, 12s- 6d. per ico ; in pots for forcing,

2is. per ICO ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 125. Cd.
SHRUBS. Deciduous, 11s. and 15s. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15J, per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50i. and 751. per loa.
SPIRjEA PALMATA, fine forcing dumps, loi., 15J. and -zos.

per 100.
AUCU3AS, well coloured, for boxes, pols. &c., 6 to 9 inches,

i6j. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, zos. per 100.
THORN QUICKS. 15X. to 30J. per ico?, extra well rooted.
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 41. lo izj. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, sc^- to looj. per joo.
CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6s., gs. aud 12s. per doz.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. and gs.

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrir.cham.

EIGHT ilIILES FROM MANCHESTER,

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER i, 18S4.

TICHBORNE, HANTS.

ONE of the feeders of Isaak Walton's
beloved Itchen, on whose banks he now
sleeps, rises at Cheriton, above Alresford, and
two miles down the stream it flows past the
poor, little, old village, a small rookery of houses,
indifferently built and in bad repair, on rising
ground by the loadside, with a queer small
church at the top of the hill. This is Tichborne.
The church, with its early Norman chancel,
square embattled tower and Ihe Tichborne
chantry filled with the monuments of the family,
was built in the reign of Henry II. by Roger of
Tichborne we are told, who held land here
under the Bishop of Winchester. So the story
runs on the spot ; but there are many bricks
used in the building, and the present church
was really built in 1703, though part of the
original building may have been retained, and
the Tichborne monuments were undisturbed.
So that in this private chantry, which runs
almost the length of the little building, and looks
like an aisle of the church, the dust of the
Tichbornes has gathered during 700 years.
Mr. Woodward, the historian of Hampshire,
discredits the extreme antiquity of the family,
which, he says, settled here in the twelfth
century. On the other hand the unfortunate
Chidiock Tichborne, whose pathetic story, suffer-
ing as he did for his faith, is told by Isaac
Disraeli in his Curiosities of Literature, declared
himself to be " descended from a house from
200 years before the Conquest." It is said
in the song,

" -Along the gUdes of Annandale the gentle John-
stones ride ;
They have been there a thousand years and a
thousand more shall bide."

So may it be with the Tichbornes, whose
eleventh baronet was lost at sea, while the
estate of the twelfth, the present Sir Henry
A. J. Uoughty-Tichborne, was mulcted, in the
famous trial of 1872-4, of £1>Q,ooa in law
expenses.

Very few Saxon families of importance sur-
vived the Conquest, though many freemen,
whose obscurity protected them, remained on
the land doing homage to the new proprietors.
The word Tichborne, as it was formerly
written, does not occur in Domesday Book,
Its first appearance in history is in a charter of
the year yoi, when it was used to designate the
Titch, a stream or burn. Roger of Tichborne,
the church-builder, seems to have been one of
the most considerable of the early members of
the family, and it vfas his wife Isabel, the
heroine of the "Crawls," whose death-bed
request led to the famous " Tichborne dole."
According to the story, which is still fervently
believed in the village, Isabel on her deathbed
requested her husband to make an annual dis-
tribution of alms to the poor, in memory of
herself. Roger offered her as much land as
she could crawl round ; and considering her
condition, the " Crawls " of 23 acres is a large
field, and it lies some distance from the house 1
What really happened v/as a last request by

552

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

Sir Roger's wife that a dole of bread should be
distributed annually for ever to all who should
apply for it on the Feast of the Annunciation
of the Virgin Mary. The pious gift instituted
by Isabel, or Mabella Tichborne, was bestowed
literally as she had desired during many cen-
turies, and the twenty-fifth of March be-
came the festive day of the family, when
friends and relatives of all branches of the
house of Tichborne assembled from far and
near to assist at the ceremony of the distribu-
tion. In 1670, when a baronetcy had been
conferred on the family and their fortunes
flowed high, an artist was employed to paint a
picture of the distribution of the dole. The
ceremony is represented as having taken place
on the lawn on the west front of the old manor
house, and, as the portraits of the members of
the family and many of their retainers are like-
nesses, the painting is naturally held in great
esteem at Tichborne. About a hundred figures
are introduced in this valuable family picture.
Sir Henry Tichborne is represented as standing
in the centre, while around him are grouped his
family and various relatives. The villagers,
who stand ready to receive the bounty, are
dressed in the costume of the period, that of
Charles II., as, of course, are all the others
whom the painter has introduced. All the ser-
vants of the household are present, the novices
and younger people looking on with great
curiosity. Some of the domestics carry baskets
filled with loaves. Sir Henry's little daughter is
eagerly assisting on the occasion, and holds up
her apron filled with loaves. Those important
feminine officials, who wield enormous power in
some households, the cook and nurse and
housekeeper, are there, and not the least con-
spicuous among the attendants is " Black Peter "
a Hindoo. This man had been formerly a
slave. A member of the family v.'ho had
crossed the ocean, like the unfortunate Roger,
returned home — which Roger failed to do^
bringing Black Peter with him, and the poor
fellow, being a slave, was set free, and being
"a heathen," was converted. "Growler," the
porter's dog, is there too, and over the entrance
gateway the artist has depicted the arms of the
family, and their motto, "Pugno pro patria."

At the close of the last century, 100 years
after the painting of this interesting picture,
the dole was still distributed, with the same
ceremony, and the utmost profusion. But, most
unfortunately for lovers of the picturesque and
admirers of old customs, so many idlers, vaga-
bonds, and pilferers collected in these later
times to celebrate the distribution that the
magistrates and gentry of the district inter-
posed, and in consequence of their representa-
tions this ancient usage was discontinued. The
" dole " is now properly restricted to gifts of
flour to the poor of Tichborne and Cheriton,
and of beef and clothing at Christmas.

The baronetcy was won by Sir Benjamin
Tichborne, who, in the reign of Elizabeth, filled
the office of Sheriff of Hampshire, as several of
the family had done previously. He was in
favour with the Queen, who in 1601 visited
and knighted hinr on her way to Basing House.
Two years later, in his year of office, the Queen
died, and Sir Benjamin proclaimed James I.
without waiting for orders ; hence the baronetcy
and the favour of the king, who paid him
several visits. In the course of their long his-
tory, the fortunes of this ancient family have
curiously ebbed and flowed. After the Battle
of Cheriton, which was fought on their own
land — at their front door, so to speak — between
the respective forces of the king and Par-
liament, Sir Benjamin, the second baronet, who
was on the royalist side, only escaped by
hiding in an Oak, called the Tichborne Oak,
and the whole of the estate being forfeited,
nothing remained but his title. Father and son
fought in the same battle and lost all. A small
farm left to the younger Tichborne by a cousin

formed his entire estate till the close of the
Civil War, when the original property was
restored to him, as his loyalty deserved.

It should here be noticed that the present
occupants of Tichborne House are the mother
of the young baronet and her second husband.
Major Henry L. Wickham. The present
baronet was a posthumous child, born in 1866.
One may hope, as he will perhaps be altering
and building one of these days, that he will
observe betimes the folly and discomfort of over-
great houses, such as modern custom has too
often erected. The present Tichborne House
forms but a small part of the older one, but it is
pleasantly situated among the trees by the
water side, with the village on higher ground,
close to it. The stream from Cheriton passes
round two sides of the lawn and through the
gardens — the trout look up at you as you pass
along the margin, and lazily bend their pliant
tails and hide for a little while under the weeds.
To one who was born betwixt sand and chalk,
in Surrey, where the water is bright and the
red-spotted trout are numerous, this is charm-
ing. It is said that towards Cheriton, a mile
or two up the stream, the rivulet grows less and
the trout larger. Trout will thrive in a very
little water. One may say of Tichborne what
the landscape gardener. Capability Brown, used
to say, " This place has great capability." If
the house were moved up the hill the water
would probably be left behind, and with it the
soil and the moisture that produce good gardens.
With running water and perfect drainage the
louver site seems the best, and if the point
should be debated I think a chalk vale will be
decided upon as a better site for a house than
a chalk hill. H. E.

CYPRIPEDIUM ASHBURTONI^ EXPANSUM,
ncn'. var.

I HAVE received two varieties of this plant from
M. 1). Massange de Louvrex, of Baillonville. I hear
the one is common in Belgian gardens. It is the
genuine old Ashburtoni^, as it was raised by Mr.
Cross, and distributed by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, and as represented in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
December 20, 1871, p. 1647, fig. It is easily
recognised by its narrow upper sepal, with olive-
green-brownish nerves, and similarly coloured con-
necting nervilli, a very few dark spots on the nerve
at the base, and narrow petals. It is said to have
long, narrow leaves, with very distinct marble
shading, as is seen in Cypripedium barbatuni. So
much for the type. Now there is a fresh variety I
would venture to name C. expansum. Some would
prefer to give it a name of its own, but I have my
good reasons to think it has quite the same descend,
ance. It might be compared with Cypripedium
renanthum, were it not so distinct in its staminode.
It is a fine thing. Its chief merit is its wide upper
sepal, with a large ivory-white crescent-like zone from
the top along the margin to the middle, where it has
numerous dark brownish-black nerves covered with
distant dark blotches, and the whole on a green
ground colour. The nervilli are not conspicuous at
all by colour. Petals much broader. It is said to
have broad leaves, with a very light marbling. It
was found by the Cattleya king, M. D. Massange de
Louvrex, of Baillonville, at Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons', as C. Ashburtonias. It would be highly desir-
able to learn from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons whether
this is the offspring of a fresh cross, in which Cypri-
pedium insigne, a very good variety, may have been
the pollen parent, or whether it is improved by long
growing, which I regard as utterly improbable.
//. G. Rchb.f.

L/i-LiA Perrinii, Lhidl.

Mr. Sander's variety (individual ? ). A very curious
and lovely thing, having the midlobe of the h'p of the
lightest purple, with a dark purple disc, and fine dark
purple veins running outside. It was sent me lately
by Mr. F. Sander. //. G. Rclib. f.

PINUS HALEPENSIS.

This Pine, though familiar enough to the sojourner
along the Mediterranean coast and in the Levant, ex-
tending even into Afghanistan, is not often met with in
this country, and is still less ofien seen in a cone-
bearing state. For this reason we have availed our-
selves of the opportunity of 6guring a specimen lately
sent by Mr. Webster from Lord Penrhyn's plantations
at Penrhyn Castle, near Bangor (fig. 97) It is not
a tree that we should recommend to be planted largely,
as its loose habit and thin, scanty grey foliage forbid
its being placed in the front rank as an ornamental
tree. Neither can we commend it for its timber, for
it is of too delicate a constitution to be planted here,
except in special localities. But as an interesting
tree — one, too, that has some claims to be the
Pine or Fir of Scripture — ■ it is amply worth
growing. The botanical history of the tree is
well known, and the figure, so far as it goes, is
so characteristic that few details need be here given.
The illustration shows the ashy grey branches with
long spaces bare of leaves, the leaves themselves in
pairs, ascending, and in brush-like tufts, and the
deflexed, thick-stalked conical strobiles. The buds
(not shown in the drawing) are small, cylindric, and
conical at the apex, chestnut-brown in colour.and with
deltoid acuminate scales torn at the edges. A section
of the leaf seen under a low power of the microscope
shows a thick layer of strengthening fibres (hypoderm)
below the skin, and fine resin canals just within the
hypoderm. The central bundle is two-fold, and sur-
rounded by a well marked sheath.

PERPETUAL OR TREE FLOWER-
ING CARNATIONS.

If any one would rightly estimate the value of the
perpetu.il or winter flowering Carnations he cannot
do better than pay a visit to the Royal Nur-
sery, Slough, and inspect Mr. Turner's wonderful
collection. In a span-roofed house, commodious,
light and airy, fully exposed all round, may be seen
some 1500 plants, mainly in 5-inch and 6-inch pots,
of wonderful vigour, free branching growth, and
flowering with a profusion appreciable only by those
who have a knowledge of the improvements made in
this very useful class during the last fifteen years.
When one remembers the perpetual Carnations of a
quarter of a century ago — Tree Carnations, as they
were very properly called — with a maximum of trunk,
like the lopped trees one sometimes sees in country
lanes, and a minimum of foliage at the top, from
which a few flowers emanated — and compares them
with the varieties of to-day, the advance is seen to be
most marked. Now we possess an abundance of
varieties, plants of vigorous constitution, with a free
growth of blooming wood from the base of the plants,
joined to a freedom and a successional character of
flowering unknown in these earlier years. They may
be said to flower almost all the year round, at any
rate for nine months in the year. In Mr. Turner's
house there is a front stage some 30 inches in height,
with three other stages gradually rising in height to
the back of the house. The stages are of stone or
slate, covered with a thin layer of fine shingle on
which the plants stand ; the pots are clean, the sur-
face soil is kept stirred, and water is given carefully
as required. While the weather is soft and fine
the doors and windows are thrown open widely,
and an abundance of air given. This not only
encourages a sturdy, hardy habit of growth, but tends
to keep down greefly. It is surprising to be told that all
these fine plants were raised from pipings made in the
spring. That they have all been well cared for at all
stages of their growth is certain ; it is constant rather
than laborious attentions that result in such fine
plants and heads of bloom.

In the case of the ordinary summer flowering
Carnations the head of flower may be said to be pro-
duced all at once ; in the case of the perpetual
flowering varieties the leading shoots bloom first, and
the successional shoots lower down later on. The
result is that the duration of bloom is extended
over a considerable period. The plants have
been flowering for weeks past, and it is notice-
able that at present scarlet hues predominate.
The red-coloured flowers are not only fine in
colour, but large, full, and finely-formed petals.
The following are at the head of this section : —
Kufus, rich scarlet, very bright, large, full, and finely
formed; Huntsman, bright scarlet, very showy;

November i, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

553

Hector, bright red, large and very fine ; Scarlet
Nonpareil, bright scarlet, well-shaped flowers i Con-
gress, bright blood-scarlet, handsome and free ; Lord
Derby, rich pale red, good smooth petals, large and

Burgundy, dark maroon, large and full, fine shape
and very free. The purple flowers form but a very
small section, striking and desirable as is this hue of
colours. There are two that are well worthy of

Fig. 97.— pinus halepensis. (see p. 552.)

large, full, finely formed, and good bushy dwarf
habit ; and Seraph, beautiful deep rose, very
pleasing and extra fine. The striped flowers
have much novelty of character to commend
them. There is Whipper-in, scarlet, very dark
stripes, large full flowers, handsomely marked,
and very free, one of the most distinct ;
Enchantress, deep pink flaked with dark purple ;
Conqueror, salmon-rose, slightly striped with purple,
fine and distinct ; and Ernestine, pale buff ground,
flamed with bright rose. Amongst what may be
termed pale flowers, pink, salmon, and soft rose, the
following are very pretty : — Lady Macbeth, delicate
pale flesh, very pleasing ; Laura, flesh colour, charm-
ingly fimbriated ; Grace Wilder, delicate pink, finely
fimbriated, and very pretty ; and Miss Joliffe, pale
pink, dwarf habit, and very free. The best white
flowers are La Florifera, snow-white, good habit, fine
form, and very free ; L'Hermine, pure white, also
very good and free ; La Belle, white, large, full, won-
derfully free ; and The Queen, pure white, large and
very fine. There is a section of orange ground flowers,
in which in spite of the improvements which have been
made, distinctness and novelty in the colours are not
less marked. Of these may be instanced Florence,
orange and red ; Fire King, deep yellow ground,
heavily edged with scariet ; Incomparable, edged
with bright deep red ; and Orion, also edged with
scarlet. In these there are differences in the ground
colour, as also in the brightness and density of the
edge or lacing. Lastly we get a few yellow selfs,
a charming class : three are deserving of particular
mention : — Andalusia, primrose-yellow, with very
prettily fringed petals ; Hamlet, pale buff-yellow,
which sometimes comes flaked with delicate rose ;
and Mrs. George Hawtrey, a large and very fine
bright yellow self, and a decided acquisition. That
fine crimson bizarre perpetual Carnation, Mrs.
MacLaren, must have a position to itself. What a
grower it is I Young bushy plants are in strong form
at Slough, and Mr. Turner not unreasonably expects
a large demand for it.

As a matter of course heat is not necessary at this
season of the year, while the air is, on the whole, soft
and balmy, and there are frequent gleams of warm,
invigorating sunshine. When the weather becomes
dull, cold, and damp, then a little fire-heat is neces-
sary to assist the buds in opening, or they will decay.
At those times the plants should be kept moderately
moist at the roots, and it being the season when the
plants are active in developing their flowers, they
must on no account be allowed to suffer through too
much moisture at the roots. Cleanliness is of the
first importance ; neglected plants soon become
covered with vermin— but plants that receive proper
attention escape this objectionable visitation. R. D.

full ; and Herbert, bright red, very good. The best
of the dark flowers — shaded crimson and maroon —
are Negro, dark maroon, one of the very best, extra
fine ; Brunette, shaded crimson or maroon, fine
shape ; Indian Chief, rich maroon, very fine ; and

mention, viz.. Purpurea, bright purple ; and Master
Mason, shaded purple, the petals slightly fimbriated.
The rose-coloured flowers are charming, such as
Juliette, deep rose, fine smooth petals, large full
flowers, and good habit ; Mrs. Llewelyn, bright rose.

IVIES.

Different as is the form of the foliage of the
varieties, and wide apart as are the extremes, it is
pretty certain that (excluding, perhaps, the Colchic,
or Roegnerian form) all are varieties from one species,
but linked and intertwined so that any separation
that may be attempted, however specious, is merely
arbitrary, and sooner or later will be found untrust-
worthy—that is, if we are seeking the absolute and
invariable. We may as well give up the attempt
among plants, but for all that we need not discard
those characteristics which are constant for long
periods under like circumstances. Now that the
Ivies are in bloom a good opportunity is afforded
of examining their inflorescence. From, we admit,
scanty experience, we are inclined to place much
more importance on the characters afforded by
the inflorescence than on those yielded by the
leaves.

We have before us flowering sprays of " Irish "
Ivy with racemose umbels — i.e., the umbels are
loosely placed on spreading stalks diverging from the
main stem, the buds are rounded, or top-shaped, and
loosely packed. Then comes another free-growing
form, which we are not able to identify by Mr.
Hibberd's list— a " tree Ivy," with large green leaves
tapering gradually into a red leaf-stalk. This has an
inflorescence like that just mentioned in all essentials,
but it is smaller, and here and there among the
stalked umbels are stalks bearing a solitary flower
instead of an umbel. The buds of this variety are
smaller and more eg'^-shaped— ovoid-conic we should
say if we were goin ; to describe it botanically. A

554

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, i8

third form is afforded by one of the variegated
varieties. The leaves are small, irregular, little
lobed generally, narrowing off at the base, green
flushed wiih while, and with the tips and edges of the
colour of flowers of sulphur. This variegation of ihe
margin is a sign of arrest of growth in that situation ;
the consequence is that as the disc of the leaf goes on
growing the stationary margin acts as a curb, and so
brings about a hoilow spoon-shaped leaf. We imagine
this to be Mr. Ilibberd's "Sulfurea." Whether or
no the inflorescence is quite distinct from that of the
two others. Here there is simply one terminal
globose umbel, the pedicels are so short and so
numerous that one can scarce stick a pin in between
them ; so crowded are they that the lower stalks are
pushed down by the upper ones, and the result is that
ihe lower part of the globe of flowers is marked by a
deep " basin," such as we see in many Apples.

How fond the flies and the wasps are of the nectar
of these flowers ! It is secreted from the thick green
cushion which encircles the top of the ovary, and any
one looking at the flowers at all attentively will have
no difficulty in ascertaining the reason of the infinite
variety observable in Ivies. It will be seen, in fact,
that while in any given flower the anthers are ripe
and shedding their pollen, the stigma of that same
flower is as yet undeveloped, and not in a nubile con-
dition, and so bees and flies may knock out the
pollen in vain so far as that flower is concerned ; but
when they hie off, pollen-besmeared, to another
flower in which the conditions are different, and the
stigma is in a receptive stale, then the seed can be set,
and the seedling plants from that seed will in all pro-
bability bear evidence of its mixed origin.

NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED
ASTERS.— II.

{Coftiini:ed from /. 524.)

Subgenus I. Euaster. — Bracts of the involucre
dry at the base, furnished with large spreading leafy
points. Achenes flaltenedj on two faces. Pappus
moderately firm in texture. Stems tall, copiously
leafy. Heads numerous, panicled. The largest sub-
genus, confined entirely to North_America.

The cultivated species of this subgenus may be
arranged in groups as follows : —

Group I. Sericei. — Leaves coated on both sides
with short persistent tomentum : —

I. A. iericeui

A. con color

(iroup2. Glandulosi.— Upper part of the stem
and involucre clothed with short viscid pubescence :—

3. A. Nova-AnglifE

4. A, grandlflorus

5. A. oblongifolius

Group 3. VuLGAREb. — PubcEcence neither tomen-
tose nor viscid. Lower leaves tapering gradually into
their petiole.

Expanded heads large, i inch or more in diameter : —

6. A. paten:b

7. A. lurhinellus
?. A. laivis

9. A. veraicolcr

10. A. Novi-Belgii
J I. A. pUDJceus
12. A. lardiflorus

Expanded heads middlc-sired, about
diameter : —

inch in

13 A. panicHl.-itus
14- A. &a'.icifol;us
13. A. longifolius(jcstivus)

16. A. prenanthoidcb

17. A, patutus

Expanded heads of flowers small, not mure than

about i inch in diameter.

Branches of the panicle ascending ; —

iS. A. polyphyllus
19. A, Tradescanii
20 A. encoidcs

2t. A. dumosus

22. A. multinoru^

23. A. amcthystinus

Branches of the panicle spreading : —
84 A. vimineus 25. A. diffusus

Group 4. Heteroi'HYLLI.— Pubescence neither
tomentose nor viscid. Lower leaves cordate at the
base.

Leaves nearly or quite entire : —

26. A. tindulatus 28. A. azurcus

37. A. Shortii

Leaves distinctly serrated : —

:9, A. cordifoliui 31. A. sagittifolius.

30. A, Drummoidii

In the descriptions which follow I have merely
attempted to characterise the typical form of each
epecieg as understood by Dr. Gray, neglecting

puzzling intermediate types, many of them perhaps of
hybrid origin and modified garden forms. In syno-
nymy and for the account of the geographical distri-
bution of the species I have simply copied Dr. Gray.

Group I. Sericei, characterised above.

1. A. scrueu.s, Vent. Hort. Cels., t. 33. A. argcnteus,
Michx. — Stems slender, stiff, erect, i — 2 feet long, witli
long ascending branches ending each in a few corym-
bose heads. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, sessile, acute,
entire, rounded at ihe base, firm in texture, coated on
both sides \vith thin persistent while silky tomentum,
the lower ones 2 — 3 inches long. Heads large, 1^ — i^
inch diameter, forming an ample deltoid panicle.
Involucre campanulate, 5 inch long, well imbri-
cated, the bracts silky at the bdse, all with large lanceo-
late green leafy tips. Ligules 20^25, briglit violet,
\ inch long, Achene glabrous ; pappus pale red,
moderately firm, }^ inch long.

Prairies and dry banks, Minnesota and Illinois to
Tennessee and Texas. A very distinct species. A.
montanus, of Nuttall, is a variety with less silvery
narrower leaves.

2. A. concolor, Linn. — Stems slender, stiff, erect,
I — 2 feet long. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, small,
sessile, entire, not so firm in texture as in the last,
clothed with thin whitish pubescence on both sides.
Heads middle-sized, under i inch in diameter, arranged
either in a long raceme or a panicle, with short erecto-
patcnt branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long,
well imbricated, all the bracts with distinct lanceolate
green leafy tips. Ligules 10—15, lilac, \ inch long.
Achene densely silky ; pappus whitish, moderately firm,
\ inch long.

Rhode Island to Florida and Louisiana ; mostly in
Pine barrens near the coast. A very distinct species.

Group 2. Glandulosi. — Upper part of the stem
and involucre clothed with viscid pubescence.

3. A. Novir-Atsgliic, Linn., Bot. Reg., t, 183. A.
ample.xicaulis, Lam. A. spurius, Willd. — Stems stiff,
stout, erect, sometimes 6 — 8 feet long, roughly hairy low
down and densely clothed towards the top and on the
involucres with viscid pubescence. Leaves numerous,
ascending lanceolate, entire, clasping the stem by their
enlarged auricled base, moderately firm in texture, more
or less hispid on both surfaces. Heads crowded at the
end of the ascending branches, forming a large deltoid
panicle, each i:J — i^ inch diameter when expanded. In-
volucre broadly campanulate, \ inch long ; bracts lanceo-
late, all nearly equal in length, the outer with large leafy
tips. Ligules, fifty or more, \ in. long, bright lilac or
bright red. Achene silky ; pappus pale red, \ inch long,
moderately firm in texture.

Ganada and Saskatchewan to Colorado and South
America. A distinct and very handsome species,
common in English gardens, flowering in October.
The variety with red ligules is A. roseus, Desf.

4. A. gratidi/hrus, Linn.; Miller, Ic, t. 282; Bot.
Reg., t. 273. A. asperrimus, Nuttall. — Stem stiffly
erect, 2 feet long, with numerous long ascending
branches ending each in a few heads, hispid low down.
Leaves tmall, reflexed. sessile, oblanceolate, obtuse,
entire, hispid, those of the upper part of the stem not
more than I— i inch long. Heads very large, about
2 inches in diameter when expanded. Involucre broadly
campanulate, ^— ! inch long, but little imbricated, the
outer bracts ^sith very large green lanceolate squarrose
leafy tips. Ligules 30 — 40, bright lilac, \ — ^ inch long.
Achene hairy ; pappus dirty white, ^ inch long.

Virginia to Georgia, in dry soil. It is the largest
in its separate heads of all the true Asters. It has
long been cultivated in European gardens, but we do
not possess it at Kew at the present time.

5. A. oblongifolius, Nuttall. A. nuilticeps, Lindl.—
Stems stiffly erect, 2^3 feel long, branched from low
down, blender, hispid throughout, the pubescence of the
lop viscid. Leavci numerous, oblanceolate, entire,
1—2 inches long, the lower obtuse, the upper acute,
hispid on the surface and margin. Heads 1— i.l inch
diameter, forming an ample deltoid panicle, with coryin-
bosc brunches. Involucre broadly campanulate, \ inuli
long, all the bracts with very squarrose l.uge leafy hispid
tips. Ligules 25 — 30, bright violet, under \ inch long.
Achene pubescent ; pappus dirty white, moderately firm
in texture, \ inch long.

Pennsylvania and Virginia to Wisconsin, Texas,
and Kansas. Not common in cultivation. Easily to
be recognised from the small varieties oi Novie-AngliiC
by its dillerent involucre and non-clasping leaves.
7. G, Baker,

{To be ccHtinued.)

GARDENING IN RUSSIA.

In such a vast country as this, where gardening has
greatly developed during the last twenty years or
more, it might naturally be supposed that gardening
books and periodicals had attained a corresponding
popularity. It is true that a limited number of pro-
fessional writers have been at work with more or !e?s
success, and a certain number of books have been
published, chiefly in St. Petersburg and Moscow ;
but as yet no weekly or monthly paper has appeared
that comes up to a refpectable standard, or finds
favour among an extensive number of readers. In
Moscow, where gardening is greatly encouraged, a
monthly paper has been started twice, and after a
time gone down. Another has lately appeared under the
title of Russian Gan/tninj^ {Roosky Sadavotlslio).
As yet I am unable to say much about it, as I have
only seen the prospectus ; but, judging from that, I
am inclined to think that the paper has some chance
of succeeding, and the cost is only about (our roubles
a year — less than ten shillings.

As for the Sadavoy Vusfnik, published in St,
Petersburg, there is but little to be said ; for, though
aided by the Government, it does not seem to make
much way. I remember one fact to the point. After
Dr. Regel's first Internalional Exhibition I looked in
vain for a notice of it in the Sadavoy J'ushiih, All
the other gardening papers of Europe had reports of
that grand display at the time, but only at the end of
the year the Vicstnik dismissed it with a few lines.
Here I should like to make use of a Latin proverb,
but I am not fond of appearing to be so learned.

1 am not quite sure that this highly-favoured
gardening paper is still going on, not having met with
a gardener in this part of the country that had ever
heard of it. [Ves]. This fact gives rise to another view
that must in all fairness be considered. I think it
may be stated as a fact that cannot be disputed, that
the great majority of gardeners in Russia are not
Russians, but foreigners, and if they read a gardening
book or paper it is not likely to be in the Russian
language, which they but rarely take the trouble to
study, even for the purpose of ordinary speaking.
Many Germans, Poles, Hungarians, Bohemians, and
others, after ten, fifteen, or twenty years in this
country, know just as much of the language as enables
them to express themselves in common speech, and
that is all they aim at ; but what they read is in their
own language, not in Russian ; and, indeed, the only
paper I have seen here among gardeners is the Erfurt
Gartcn-Zcitung^ a paper which seems to be under the
direction of an active and intelligent editor. If,
therefore, a gardening paper succeeds in the Russian
language its readers must chiefly be among amateurs ;
it is not likely to find much support among profes-
sional men. No doubt every year adds to the number
of Russian gardeners, but a good many years must
elapse before they can be as numerous as in other
countries, or have anything like that position which
gardeners have elsewhere. Wherever a great society
exists, or a vast number of people follow the same pro*
fession, a weekly or monthly organ that gives expres-
sion to their views, wants, and wishes, is of the very
first importance. But nothing of the kind has yd
been established in this country.

The Russian gentry, too, have their prejudices like
other people, and one of their prejudices seems to be
that nobody can be so good a gardener as a German ;
at least they do not Itelievethat their own country-
men have much taste in that way. It is true that I
have known some of the peasants in the Steppes that
could bud and graft just as well as any real girdencr ;
and as for the cultivation of vegetables and ordinary
fruil, it is the peasants chiefly that supply the markets
here. No professional gardener produces finer
crops ; and yet, though the skill of the Russians i^
fully demonstrated, no Russian noble would hesitate
to prefer a German ; where prejudice has taken up
its position incontrovertible facts and stubborn argu-
ments go for but little. Some English writer has
stated, in reference to the dilTcrence of birth, that one
man is born with a silver spoon in his mouth, and
another with a wooden ladle. So the Russian nobles
perhaps think that every German gardener is born a
gardener, and that he comes into the world, if not
quite ready for a situation, at least with a spade or
rake in his hand, and so they are almost always ready

NOVEMBFR 1, 1884.'

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

555

to prefer him to a Rusiian, And this is not to be
wondered at, for the Koosky Tchelovek, as a real
Russian is called, does nnt make a very good gardener
where trust and ?trict inokint^ afler are required.

One striking feature of life in this country is that
there are an immense number of holidays, or Trpzd-
niks, as they are called, and they are 'generally
observed with great punctuality, by the conimon
people in particular. After being at church in the
morning, they have only to spend the rest of the day
in idleness, or something worse. As they canno', for
the most part, sit at home and read, and must put
heir hands to no kind of work, they naturally
enough find their way to the drinking-house. On
these occasions all such things as Hres, lights, frames,
and watering-cans are not Hkely to receive much
attention. I have seen instances of large and costly
plants having been completely spoiled while the Kui-
sian gardener — or whatever he might be called — was
enjoying himself with his friends in the kabak or
traklecr. Likely enough he was one of those who
come into the world, not with a spade or rake in his
hands, but rather with a bottle, and who must tind
some means of testing its capacity.

In my next I shall have something to say of garden-
ing books, especially those of Dr. Regel, but as my
notice will be somewhat lengthy, I hope your readers
will try and muster enough of patience to hear me
out, and they will see that light can come from the
North. P, F. A'.

COMPOSITION OF THE ASH OF
WHEAT-GRAIN AND WHEAT-STRAW.

A MOST exhaustive treatise upon the composition
of the ash of Wheat-grain and Wheat-straw grown at
Rolbamsted in different seasons, and by different
manures, has been published in the Journal of
the Chemical Society (vol. xlv., August, 1S84) by Sir
J. B. Lawes, Bart., and Professor J. II. Gilbert,
from which ws abstract the following interesting
facts.

The investigation comprises the analyses of 92
Wheat-grain and 92 Wheat-straw ashes, and, in-
cluding 69 duplicites, the number of complete
analyses involved is 253. Every ash is stated to be
the produce of known history of growth as to soil,
season, and manuring ; all the specimens having
been grown in the experimental field at Rothamstcd,
which has now {18S4) yielded Wheat for forty-one
years in succession.

The analyses show a much greater range of varia-
tion in the percentages of potash and phosphoric
acid in the ashes, both of giain and straw, due more to
variation of season than to variation of manure. This
range, which may be considered as directly due to
season, was always much the greater in the straw
ashes, which our authors say is explained by the fact
that favourable or unfavourable seed-forming and
ripening may supervene on conditions of high or of
low luxuriance, that is of great or of limited activity
of accumulation of constituents by the plant ; hence
the withdrawal of constituents for seed-formation will
leave very various amounts of migratory matters in
the straw.

The following table shows the highest, lowest, and
mean percentages of potash and phosphoric acid **in
the pure ash " in sixteen consecutive seasons : —

Per cent, ia
grain aah.

Per cent, in straw

A

5

MacmfS.

J

J

X

%

X

^

s

Fotnih.

8 Farmyard manure .. 35.527.231.6 35.6 '129 18.3

3 Unmanured .. .. 35.519 7 35° 20.7 105 14.6
loa Ammonium baits I

aione .. ..35-928.1334 23.4 105 165

Phosphcric Acid.

3 Farmyard manure .

54-7 47-1 51-7

6.21

2 98

379

3 Unroanured . .

• 32-6 ^^^ 49-7

Sg-i

2.98

3-79

10.Z Ammonium salts

alone

■ 5S.9 43-4 47-3

4-34

J:!i

3.C9

ccntages in the ash of both grain and straw, according
to season, and very much less difference in the mean
percentage by the direct action of manure. With
few exceptions a similar result is observed v/ilh other
constituents.

Taking high wciglit per bushel of the grain as a
fairly good indication of tine quality, and viievcn^t
there was with each condition of manuring a marked
tendency to low proportions of nitrogen, of total
mineral constituents (ash), and of individual ash con-
stituents in the dry substance of the grain of the
seasons of higher quality. In other words, the
superior quality of the grain is usually found to be
associated with the greater accumulation of the non-
nitrogenous matters (carbohydrates) in proportion to
the nitrogen and to the mineral constituents which
have been stored up.

The percentage of silica in the dry substance of
the straw is shown to be lower in the seasons of most
perfect maturation. In fact, stillness of straw is said
to depend on favourable development of the woody
substances by the increase of which the proportion of
the accumulated silica to the organic substance is
reduced. Upon the whole, the results point to great
uniformity in the mineral composition of the grain
under the ditterent conditions of manuring, provided
only that it is perfectly and normally ripened. High
or low percentage of nitrogen is also found to be
more dependent on the degree of ruaturation than
on a full or limited supply of this substance by
the soil.

With every description of manuring there is shown
to be a higher percentage of potash, and lower of
phosphoric acid, and somewhat lower of magnesia
also in the "good" Wheat seasons, compared with
the " bad," indicating a larger proportion of flour to
bran on milling. The straw ashes likewise show a
higher percentage uf Potash in the better seasons.

The average annual amounts of total mineral con-
stituents yielded during sixteen consecutive seasons in
the crops per acre (grain and straw) under three very
characteristically different conditions as to manuring
is shown by the following table : —

I In Grain. In Straw. Total.

Dy- farmyard manure

Without manure

With ammonium salts alone

Lb.

Lb.

Lb.

36-3

201 1

237 4

16.6

89.5

106.1

23.0

1:9.2

I42.J

Thus considerably more mineral matter is taken up
under the inBuences of the ammonium-salts than
without manure, but more than twice as much is
taken up under the influence of farmyard manure as
without manure. With farm)'ard manure by far the
greatest increase was in potash, of which there was
found to be more than two and a half times as much
as without manure ; and there is about twice as much
magnesia, and more than twice as much Hme, phos-
phoric acid, sulphuric acid, soda, and silica, and
nearly four times as much chlorine.

With an equal supply of nitrogen to the crop, very
variable amounts of this element are obtained in the
total produce per acre of the different plots, according
to the associated mineral supply.

Of individual ash-constituents there was more in
the total produce per acre with some of the artificial
manures than with farmyard dung.

Comparing the plots with equal amounts of am-
monium salts, but different qualities of potash, the
amounts of potash yielded in the total produce are
shown to be in the order of the nianurial supply.

7. 7. "'.

These results show that with both potash and phos-
photic acid there is very great difference in the pet-

NEW Z E ALAND SWEET
■ roTATOS DISEASED.

A coKRiibTo.\UENT, " W. W.," has sent tubers
of Ipomcea chrysothiza. He writes that the tubers
" seem to be affected with Potato disease.'" There is
"doubtlessly some relationship between Snlanacece and
Convolvulaceic, but no trace of the Fotato fungus ( I'ero-
nospora infestans) can be seen. On cutting open the
tubers numerous brown places are e.xhibited, exactly
as in the case of the Potato when diacased. On
putting fragments of the disease-patches under the
microscope a profuse growth of mycelium is seen,
which pierces the tissues much in the style of that of
Peronospora, and on this mycelium a few oospores, or
rcsting-spores, were detected, also bearing a consi-
derable resemblance to the resting-spotes of Perono.

spora, 1 am, however, convinced that the fungus is
Pythium Ue Baryanum.

The same fungus came from an Irish correspondent
of this paper at the beginning of the year, and the pes
produced exactly the fame appearances in the tuber'?
of Dahlias. Although a plant in a wretched cindi-
tion of disease was received from Ireland it entirely
recovered itself when planted in the garden. I'
made a large plant, 5 feet high, full of healthy foliage,
and with large well-formed Howers. IV. G. S,

ST. AUDRIES.

The coast line of Hridgewater Hay is neither " bold
nor imposing," and at low-water its beach of blueish
mud is, to use a tourist's expression, disgusting.
Turning your b.uk on the sea the ptotpect is over
lightsome green meadows and woody to a peakless
range of hiils. The exact position of St. Audties
house is between West and East Quantoxhead. Thus
it is not far from St. Decumans, the parish named
from the Welsh saint, who was nourished by an
attendant cow that ever followed him. An outlying
spur of the Huantock comes forward to within three
quarters of a mile of the bay, and from its steep and
fir-crowned shoulder there is a very gentle slope in
the form of a woodland glade to the sea. About
midway down is the site of the mansion, a large and
modern building. Some sane wit or other derived
Quantox from Quaninrn at hoc , From the front of
the house the view up the rich pastoral country that
intervenes between the Brendon and Quantox Hills
has that limitless appearance which broad valleys
often present. The junction with the horizon is so
prolonged that the eye hardly notices it as a part nf
the landscape. An etymologist will recognise in
St. Audries St. Etheldieda, but the village maids ate
not tawdry, not are they of the pattern of Touch-
stone's love, but they add honesty to beauty and 50
sauce sugai wiih honey. The whole district is so
peaceful and fettile that 'tis no wondet it was favouied
by Saint and Abbot of eld. Near quaint, old, Saxon
Watchett is the Cistercian abbey of Cleeve, which
was known once upon a time, at least the estate was, as
the Vallis flotida. Thus at both ends of the region
between Exmoor and and the Quantocks are fair
sylvan demesnes.

St. Audries is the property of Sit A. A, Ilocd, In
the Norman conqueror's Survey it was, like Diin^tan
Castle, the properly of the de Mohuns, and in demesne
were "thtee catucates and seven setvants and ten
villanes and fout cottagets with six ploughs ; " the
whole being wotth ^30. One unfortunate village near
in the same Sutvey only possessed half a plough.
Befote coming to its ptesent ownet by maitaige, it
was ot had been the property of the Luttrels. A
short distance beyond East Quantoxhead is Fairfield
Lodge, another residence of the owner of St. Audrits.
As a large kitchen garden exists there, the space:
which is allotted for the purpose on the second
estate is small and almost entirely used as a fruit
garden. The ttees are young and the selection of
sotts is a latge one. Most of the Apples ate on the
Patadise stock, and ate now stutdy, bushy ttees at
Iheit best. The ctop of outdoor ftuit was good, and
thete is no scatcity of any kind. The situation if it
had not been well ptotected on all sides would be
bleak, for just outside the embowering belt of ttees
the wind whistles shrilly and comes up chilly from
out of the sea, which is only 900 yards off. Peihaps
its cold situation may have had a great deal to do
with the good ctop of hatdy ftuit theieir . Fot the ftuit
trees would have lloweied somewhat latet and escaped
more of those destructive frosts which wrought the
mischief in the blooming season. .As nearly all the
sorts ate beating freely, a list would serve very Utile
good, but the behaviour of two well-known Pears
deserves notice, viz., Huyshe's Victoria and Beurie
d'Amanlis. The popular Devonshire variety,
although the tree is a large one, has never
borne more than two or three Pears, and the
fruits of Beutte d'Amanlis invariably ctack, and
ate wotthless for dessert. The cultivation
is in no way to be blamed, and it deserves to be
recorded as an example of the capiiciousness of t«o
justly esteemed standard vatieties. The trees of
Early Margaret Apple, after giving a copious yield,
are flowering again, and the examples 1 saw of
Warner's King are on a par with the finest that have
been shown. There is also here a fine Apricot wall,
the soil in the border of which consists of a stton;
loam brought from the park, The trees are getting

556

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

on in years, and show no evidences of canker, but
are in a clean healthy state. If more care were taken
at first with the borders, and the roots prevented
from getting down into the subsoil, we should
have fewer cries about the decadence of Apricot
trees. The most noticeable of the glasshouses is an
unhealed orchard-house, 150 feet long. The back
wall is planted with Peaches and Nectarines, in the
front is a low quadrant-shaped trellis, at the highest
point about 5 (eet from the ground, planted with
Cherries and Peaches. This arrangement is infinitely
to be preferred to growing the trees as standards, as
a much larger quantity of fruit can be obtained. The
system of glazing used is known as Rendle's, which
answers the purpose.

The flower garden is on the seaward side of the
house, and is very tastefully planted. By the side of
it is a well ordered ornamental conservatory ; in it
are some fine Camellias and Seaforthias, and perhaps
the largest Rhododendron Veitchii in the country.
On the west side of the house is the main entrance,
before which is a large plot of gravel. Here and on
the adjoining side there are no flower-beds, but well-
kept lawns and terraces. The park, which is visible
all round, is very picturesque, and extends in one un-
broken sheet of green to a thick wood, in which the
main drive to Williton loses itself; and it is in this
wood that the finest Conifers are to be seen. At the
outskirts the bed of an old morass-like pond has been
filled up and planted with Deodars and Irish Yews.
These have obtained a great height, and are still
growing as freely as can be. The road, when it
enters the wood, assumes all the characteristics of a
woodland drive, and is greatly improved by the plant-
ing that has been done along its borders. The Coni-
fers made most use of are Araucaria imbricata,
Cupressus macrocarpa, and Picea Morinda. The
foliage of all three looks the picture of health, and
any prettier combination when together, or any trees
more fitted to give change and effect, it would be hard
to find. When in perfect health the Himalayan
Spruce, with its pendulous fronds, is exquisitely
pretty. There are also fine specimens of Juniperus
recurva and Abies Pinsapo. The soil in this part of
the estate is a deep strong clay on the lias, but in
other parts of the park there is red marl and peat.

Another approach passes the church, which is
between the house and the Quantocks, and curves
round to the western front. From this walk an idea
can be obtained of the difficulty that must have been
encountered in cutting the terraces and levelling the
lawns which girt the house on the south. These
terraces are surmounted by shrubberies, which merge
away into a strip of wood that goes past the east side
of the house, and also affords the protection before
spoken of to the kitchen garden. The climate can-
not be called favourable, yet a Camellia is shown
which has stood out twenty-eight years, and never
fails in due season to flower. This plant is not
specially protected, and stands on a sloping bank of
turf which edges a path on the southern side of the
house. Adjoining the house on the same side is a
small conservatory of flowering plants. A number of
pot Hydrangeas are carrying large trusses of blue
flowers. The principle adopted to make the flowers
blue is as follows : — I oz. of crude ammonia is added to
a gallon of water, then a pint of the mixture is added
to half a gallon of water. If the plants are watered
with this decoction it is strong enough to give a
decided blue tinge to the flowers. Alum may also
with advantage be added.

St. Audries is an instance of an old estate which had
been allowed to fall into confusion, but which has now
risen again from its ashes. For twenty-eight years,
the period over which the alterations have extended,
it has been superintended by Mr. MacCuIlough.
This worthy and able gardener is as much at home
outside the garden walls as inside them. For a long
time he occupied the office of forester and woodreeve.
This old style of good all-round gardener is rapidly
dying out, and it is very much to be questioned
whether the forced young men from the nurseries who
are now so much in vogue will be able to level and
make a road and show a labourer how to dig. But
it all comes right in the end somehow. C. A. M. C.

Manxhesier Horticulturai, Improvement
Society.— The opening meeting will be held in
the committee-room of the Old Town Hall, King
Street, on Thursday evening, November 6, when
Professor Ward, of the Victoria University, will read
a paper— subject, "Roots." W. Swan, Hon. Sec,
Oakley, Fallowfield.

PRUNING THE GOOSEBERRY.

In answer to "A. B.," concerning the pruning of
Gooseberries, we would advise him to commence
operations as soon as possible, unless the birds are
troublesome, as the fine open weather we are having
at present may soon be succeeded by a cold stormy
season, when pruning operations are very uncomfort-
able. The bushes should, when pruned, present a
semicircular appearance, and the branches should be
kept well up from the ground, and rather thinner in
the centre than the outside, as this allows of more
light penetrating into the heart of the bush. All
gross growths springing from the neck of the bush
should be twisted off, and any weak puny growths
also removed. It is the hard well-ripened shoots that
produce fruit, and this must be borne in mind ; it is
also better to have the bush too thin than too thick.

\

h

Fig. 98.— a shoot op thb gooseberry, when pruned.

The cut (fig. 98) illustrates how this year's growth
should be cut back.

FOI^ESTr^Y.

November. — Planting.— During the past month
the weather here has been on the whole most propitious
for planting operations, as well as highly favourable for
the operations of the forester generally, and the ripening
of his young nursery stock. Deciduous trees have
seldom been seen in a better ripened state at this
season of the year, so that they are in excellent con-
dition for removal, work which should now be
pressed on as quickly as possible before the short days
of mid-winter or the long, cold ones of spring come
upon us. Every forester ought to lay it down as a
rule to have the greater part of his planting done by
the end of the present month, as trees shifted now
with an ordinary amount of care, and planted in suit-
able soil, are almost sure to succeed, whereas if left

over till the cold piercing winds of March the chance
are certainly anything but in their favour.

The planting of wet ground, or such as has been
but recently drained, and which is of a stiff, tenacious
nature, had, however, better be left over till spring, as
a constant saturation of the roots of young transplants
cannot but prove inimical to their growth and the
general welfare of the plants. In planting trees of
every description, but more especially coniferous ones,
every precaution should be taken to prevent the roots
becoming dry, for to this cause may be attributed half
the failures that usually occur in newly-formed plan-
tations. A covering of old mats, damp hay, or any
material that will help to keep out the air from the
roots, is easily applied, and should always be used in
transferring the plants from the nursery to the plant-
ing-ground. Never remove trees during frosty
weather, for if not killed outright, their future pro-
gress is greatly arrested thereby. The nature of the
ground to be planted will be a good guide to the
forester as to the selection of plants. Where the
ground is rough and covered with rank surface herb-
age, strong, clean, well-rooted plants should be
chosen.

In planting spread out the roots to their full extent,
cramping or bending being highly injurious, and
never place the plant deeper in the soil than it was
when in the nursery border. In replanting the sites
of former plantations all roots and stumps should be
grubbed out and burned, and it should also be borne
in mind that while Larch improves the soil, Ash, Elm,
and Sycamore, are of all trees the most exhausting.
The Oak is, perhaps, the least injurious of any hard-
wood.

Nursery Work.— The early part of November is
a busy season in the nursery, for besides the usual
routine of cleaning, there will be the propagating by
layers, insertion of cuttings, preparation of seed-beds,
and harvesting of such seeds as become ripe about
this time. We have seldom seen tree-seeds more
abundant than this season, which may also be said of
nuts, acorns, berries, &c. Where not immediately
sown tree seeds should be properly dried previous to
storing, if not they are apt to heat and thus the germina*
live properties will be destroyed. Never store seeds
in bags or close boxes, but spread them out evenly in
a dry, airy loft, until required for use. Ash keys.
Holly, Yew, Rowan, and other berries, may be put
in the rot heap, and covered over with less than a foot
of sand or dry earth and receive an occasional turning.
In lifting young nursery stock lor the planter avoid
tearing or barking the roots, and let these be kept out
of the ground but as short a time as is really neces-
sary. This is a good time to secure a collection of
leaves for nursery purposes, which, as they are col-
lected over the policy grounds, may be placed in some
out-of-the-way corner until time permits of their being
carted to the necessary rot-heap. Dig and thoroughly
clean the nursery borders as they become vacant, a
good dressing of manure or prepared compost being
applied to such as are found in want.

Thinning and Pruning. — One of the principal
occupations of the month will be the felling of
timber and the cutting of underwood. Single trees
on the farms or lawns may also be removed with safety
and with little damage to the surroundings. In these
cases stubbing can be resorted to, which, however,
cannot be prosecuted without a certain amount of
injury in close plantations. When thinning planta-
tions— more especially those in exposed situations —
too severe thinning or pruning of those trees along the
outskirts should be avoided. Timber for estate and
other purposes should now be sawn into boarding or
otherwise as required, after which it may be set up to
dry, so as to become properly seasoned before being
required for use. The too common practice of
laying newly sawn wood plank upon plank should be
guarded against, as it is productive of very unsatis-
factory results. When cut and manufactured during
the latter end of autumn and winter, timber is more
free from the attacks of insects and dry-rot than
when felled at any other time. When firewood or
faggots are in demand, or required for home con-
sumption, all suitable branches should, during the
course of thinning, be collected and reserved for that
purpose. The firewood may be put up in lots of
about a load in each, and in any place convenient for
cartage such as alongside the woodland drives, or
contiguous to a road passing through or near to the
plantation. Branches for faggot making should be
collected in heaps, here and there throughout the

November i, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SSI

woods, where they can be manfactured as requited ;
but in plantations where game abounds it is always
advisable to have the branches conveyed to the edge of
the wood, so that the interior may be disturbed as
little as possible. As the faggots are made they should
be carted home, and either slacked or stored away in a
building set apart for the purpose, from which they can
be conveyed to the mansion as necessity requires.
Broken, twisted, or decayed branches should be
neatly pruned otT, more especially from such trees as
occupy prominent positions on the lawn, pleasure*
ground, or alongside the park drives and walks.
Where amputation takes place a coating of tar will
not only prevent damage from moisture, but give to
the tree a more pleasing appearance than were the
wounds left in their natural colour.

Fencing. — Before hard frosty weather sets in,
tree-guards and rabbit-proof lences should get a
thorough overhauling, and have all damages repaired.
Newly formed plantations, where the fences are not
rabbit-proof, will require an occasional look to, as
the destruction worked by hares and rabbits during
a few nights is often quite surprising, and would, in
most cases at least, more than compensate for the
expenses connected with extra vigilance. Sheep should
also be rigorously excluded from young woodlands,
not only on account of the damage they commit, but
also because, having once found an entrance, it is almost
impossible to prevent theirfurtherincursions. Although
at first rather expensive, a well-built stone and lime wall
is the best of all protections around newly formed
plantations. The ordinary iron, wire, or wooden
fence may be made a most eftectual barrier against the
incursions of ground game by the use of strong gal-
vanised wire netting. For tree-guards ordinary
fencing poles 7 or S feet in height placed upright
against the stems of such trees as require protection,
and nailed firmly to wooden hoops at top and bottom
are all that is required. We have tried wire netting
laced around the tree stems to the height of 6 or 7
ieet ; but although it effectually prevents the horses
barking the trees, it is somewhat dangerous, and
hardly to be recommended. Materials for the erec-
tion of new fences should be carted during dry weather,
when the ground is hard ; but this is chiefly necessary
on mountain or moorland districts,

Hedging. — Continue the trimming and clearing of
hedges, and complete the same as soon as possible.
Overgrown fences of all kinds may now be cut back
with advantage, or, should it be deemed advisable,
plashing or laying may be resorted to. Prepare
ground for the reception of young Quicks by a tho-
rough trenching and manuring, and when finished
plant at once, as such will have a much better chance
of succeeding than those left over till spring. Dig
and clean the sides of all existing hedges, and remove
Ivy at the same time, all of which work will be amply
repaid by the increased value of the fences. Elder is
the worst and most ruinous companion to the Thorn
I know of, and should be at once removed if the use-
fulness of the fence is to be maintained. Fill up gaps
with strong well rooted Quicks, and encourage their
growth by the application of fresh soil or thoroughly
decomposed farmyard manure. Beech, where the
soil is dry and light, may be used with advantage,
not alone, but as a mixture with the Quick or other
hedge plants.

Roads, &C. — Roads, drives, and walks should now
be put in thorough repair, giving them a good coating
of well broken, sound metalling, gravel, or screenings
as may be required, and finishing off with a heavy roll-
ing, more especially if this can be done after a night's
rain. Prepare materials for further repairs, and have
them carted to the depot or any other convenient
place. Where gravel walks have fallen into holes or
inequalities of surface they should be top-dressed with
a coat of clean good gravel, and afterwards well rolled
down. In the formation of new roads and walks
special care should be taken that they are rendered
perfectly dry at bottom, as on this depends much of
their after condition. A foot or two of brickbats, small
stones, or any such material placed in the bottom is
absolutely necessary even in very dry situations, but
where the ground is damp and wet it will also be
necessary to have, in addition to the above, a drain
running along the centre of the road. Iron gratings
should also be placed at convenient distances along
the sides, to admit of the escape of surface-water, these
being connected with the drain underground.

Drainage. — Where falling leaves are likely to
obstruct the flow of the water the mouths of closed
drains and ditches should receive attention. Con-
tinue the deepening and scouring out of woodland
ditches, and, where it may be found necessary, cut
new drains to assist in drying the soil. In the
formation of these give sufficient room in the bottom,
so that a spade can readily be used in future clean-

ings. The drainage of woodlands is unfortunately
too often lost sight of, and even when this is attended
to at the formation of the plantations, the ditches are
in many cases allowed to get filled up with weeds and
rubbish afterwards, and are then worse than useless
for the purpose intended. Where water is allowed
to stagnate really healthy vegetation cannot exist.

General Work. — Now that the shooting season
is approaching the drives and rides in plantations
should be gone carefully over, and wherever rabbits
are found burrowing beneath them the holes should
be filled up to their furthest extremity, as these are
highly dangerous to hunters and shooting ponies.
Alterations and extensions in the pleasure ground
may now be carried on, such as turf laying, shrub-
bery improvements, tree planting, &c. , but it is well
to choose dry weather for most of these operations.
In collecting and carting leaves take advantage of
calm weather. Keep a sharp look-out for beetles
preying on the young shoots and leaves of specimen
or other coniferous trees, and take all available
means to stop their depredations, as the injury they
inflict, more especially if on the leading shoots, is not
easily overcome. Fork flower beds and shrubbery
borders, lay turf, pare edgings, and pay attention to
general neatness wherever this is required, A. D,
Webster, Penrhyn Castle, North Wales,

FRUITING OF THE COMMON

JASMINE.

The occurrence in this country of ripe fruit on the
common Jasmine is sufficiently uncommon to warrant

99.— FRUITS OF THE COMMON JASMINE.

our giving an illustration. The drawing was taken
from a profusion of specimens sent us last week.
When fully ripe the berries are of black colour.
Generally only one, but frequently two were deve-
loped in each flower.

fltites flf Ifloks.

The Chrysanthemum, &c. By F. W. Burbidge.
Garden Office. Svo, pp. 102.

This handsome winter flower increases in popu-
larity year by year. That this is so the numerous
exhibitions held in and near London is sufficient
proof. The number of exhibitions increases yearly ;
new exhibitors are continually coming into the
arena, and the quality of the productions, especially
in the Japanese section, are such, that the most
sanguine cultivator could scarcely have dreamed of
a dozen years ago. Every lover of this handsome
flower is doubtless pleased to see exhibitions flourish,
for the sufficient reason that they afford the best oppor-
tunity to see the new flowers well grown, and as they
are placed in juxtaposition to those sent out in pre-
vious years the would-be purchaser can tell at a
glance whether it is desirable or not to add them
to his collection. By far the largest number of
persons who grow and love the Chrysanthe-
mum never attempt to exhibit either their plants
or their flowers ; but even they are greatly bene-
fited by visiting the exhibitions, as the sight of

flowers better grown than their own cannot fail
to stimulate to greater exertions in the future. The
real beauty of the flower is best seen in the garden
where it is grown, and those who love the flowers for
their decorative properties alone would be loth to
sacrifice them for one supreme effart, on a certain day
specified in the schedules. In the eaily years of the
Chrysanthemum, several treatises and pamphlets were
published for the guidance of cultivators and exhi-
bitors, those by Messrs. Broome, Dale, and Salter
being the most recent ; but as all of them are
now somewhat out of date, it is a pleasure to hail
a new treatise on this flower by Mr. Burbidge, of
Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. The history, clas-
sification, nomenclature, culture, exhibiting, seedling
raising, &c., are treated in a plain and pleasant
manner. The author advises growers to save their
own seeds "in a properly constructed house fully
exposed to spring and early summer sunshine, and
heated with a flue, the latter being preferable in
this case to hot-water pipes. Home growers
have been too lethargic in the matter of seed
saving, and yet no other cultivators could beat
them in this field, if a beginning be once made
on proper and well defined lines." We are not
told how the house should be constructed, or what
ought to be its form, although information of that kind
would have been very valuable. We tried to save
seeds years ago in a well-heated house. It was half-
span and facing south, but the result was a total
failure ; we never got a seed to form, let alone ripen.
Of course the varieties tried were the best incurved
kinds. If anybody has saved seeds and raised plants
from them north of London it would be interesting to
know the circumstances under which the results were
obtained. Mr. John Salter, who raised and intro-
duced so many fine varieties, did not save seeds at
the Versailles Nursery, Hammersmith, but sent the
plants to Algiers, and had the seeds saved from them
there. It was in that way that the first English-raised
(apanese kinds were introduced ; indeed, Mr. For-
tune stated at the time that Mr. Salter was not only
successful in raising new kinds, but some were raised
exactly similar to certain varieties that Mr. Fortune
tried to introduce, but failed to get over alive.
Mr. Burbidge also suggests the improvement of our
own native Corn Marigold. It may be interesting to
know that the improvement of the yellow Corn
Marigold was taken up quite 150 years ago. In
the second edition of Philip Miller's Gardeners'
Dictionary^ published in 1741, there are both double
white and double yellow Corm Marigolds mentioned,
also the quil-Ieaved Chrysanthemum, or Corn Mari-
gold. _

Classification and nomenclature are dealt with in
a chapter by themselves. The cultural remarks are
spread over a wide area, and the author has very
wisely selected the best cultural information from
those who have had long experience. The book
closes with a general list of varieties, descriptive
remarks being appended. In addition select lists are
also added for those starting to cultivate thena.
Taking it altogether it is only fair to say that this
book supplies a felt want, and it is one that the cul-
tivator may safely choose as a guide through all the
stages of the plant's development.

New Roses. — The following descriptive notes of
newly raised Roses are given in the raiser's own
words : —

Mary Bennett. — A hybrid perpetual, without the
slightest stain of Tea ; of a dwarf, bushy, vigorous
habit ; the foliage very large, rich and handsome ; the
flowers large and of tjeautiful form, opening well ; the
petals very thick, round and smooth on the edges ; and
the colour a most brilliant rosy-cerise. It is thoroughly
perpetual : a seedling from Baroness Rothschild.
This flower has been awarded First-class Certificates at
the Crystal Palace Great Rose Show, at the Royal
Botanic, and at Manchester.

Mrs. George Dickson. — Hybrid perpetual ; a very
strong grower ; an early, continuous, and late bloomer ;
has always been mildew-proof at Shepperton and Staple-
ford ; flowers large, not too full, opening very freely ;
bright satiny-pink — a new colour. Awarded First-class
Certificate at Royal Horticultural Society of London,
1883.

Grace Darling. — Tea ; a very vigorous grower, flower-
ing very freely from every shoot : blooms very large,
very full, opening well indoors and out : colour quite
new, base of petals creamy-white, deeply tinted and
shaded with pinkish-peach ; thoroughly distinct ; very
early when forced. First-class Certificate at Royal
Horticultural Society of London, March ri, 1884.

558

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVfMRER T, 1SS4.

The following Roses were offered for the first lime
in 18S2 by the same raiser : —

Princess of Wales. — Tea ; rich rosy-yellow, centre
deep golden-yellow ; a fplendid Rose. First-class Certi-
(icalc at Royal Horticultural Society of London, 1883.

Countess of Pembroke. — H.T. ; ol vigorous growth ;
flowers of the finest form, quite full and highly scented ;
colour soft satin-rose, of a novel lint.

Distinction. — H.T. ; very vigorous ; flowers not very
tu:l, but of fine form ; colour shaded peach, of a peculiar
tint, difficult to describe ; opens very freely.

Lady Mary FitziuiUiam. — H.T. ; of a robust, branch-
ing habit ; flowers exceedingly large and finely formed ;
very free flowering, sweet-scented, bright flesh colour ;
the finest li^ht-coloured Rose yet produced. First-class
Certificates at Royal Horticultural Society of Man
Chester, 1883 ; Royal Horticultural Society of London,
1882 : Crystal Palace Great Rose Show, i88a.

Earl of Pembroke. — H,P. ; a vigorous grower, of the
form and habit of Marquise de Castellane, but not quite
o thorny ; colour very soft velvety-crimson, enlivened
n the margin of the petals wiih bright red ; quite dis-
inct. First-class Certificate at Royal Horticultural
Society of London, 1882.

Heinrick Schultheis. — ^H.P. ; very vigorous; flowers
exceedingly large, of first-rate form and very full ; colour
very delicate pinkish-rose, a great improvement in this
shade, very sweet-scented ; thoroughly perpetual ; a
grand show Rose. First-class Certificate at Royal Horti-
cultural Society of London, 1883.

Roses for Suburban GARDENS.—The list of
Roses that one sees published by the large firms in
the country has need to be condensed somewhat
largely for suburban gardens. There are a few well-
known kinds, as Gloire de Dijon, Cheshunt Hybrid,
Madame Berard, Devoniensis, and Madame Falcot
(beautiful in the bud), from among the Tea-scented
class, that will in almost every case give satisfaction,
Maicchal Niel might be included ; but, although its
flowers are gorgeous, yet in a suburban garden it can
hardly be recommended by reason of its fickle
character and aptitude to canker. Of the hybrid
perpetual class La France is one of the very best, if
not the best of all ; its lovely pink flowers are pro-
duced in constant succession the summer through ;
Alfred Colomb is a good bright red ; A. K. Wil-
liams and Dr. Andiy, bo:h .-hades of led, have
fine flowers ; I'uke of Edinburgh, very hardy habit,
and of most vivid colour, is one of the best
of all the high-coloured varieties; John Hopper,
with rosy-crimson flowers ; Edouard Morren, a beau-
tiful bright pink ; Baroness Rothschild, pale delicate
rose ; Elie Morel, rosy-lilac ; Francois Michelon,
deep rose ; Marie Baumann, light crimson-red ; and
Boule de Neige, one of the best whites, are a good
reliable dozen to start upon. Charles Lawson, a
hybrid China, is good for walls ; so also are all of
the Teas at the head of this list ; and the following
also are excellent climSing varieties, viz , the Ayr-
shire, with the Banksian, the Boursault, and the
evergreen R^ses, to which -may be addi;d Ainiee
V'ibcrt, from among the Noisettes ; Celine Foreslier,
belonging to the same class, is also a beautiful pale
yellow rose, but should have a sheltered position.
Or.e or two of the best Moss Roses might be added,
but as they flower but sparsely in the autumn they
can hardly be recommended. From CasscWs *' Po/nlar
Garde ):ini> " for Ocloher,

Rose, The Earl of Pembroi-;e. — F'^or late
autumn flowering this Rose is this year greatly supe-
rior to most of the hybrid perpetuals I have yet seen.
Although we can cut only a few flowers of medium
quality from other kinds, we have from a few plant's
of this variety abundance of supeib blooms, quite fit
to grace any exhibition stand at midsummer. It
appears to hold its foliage in the autumn with great
tenacity, the blooms are exceedingly full, and they
assume a deeper, richer crimson than during the
summer season. Associated with Souvenir de la
Malmaison it is very effective at the present time, and
to judge Irom the healih and vigour of its foliage and
the number of buds still showing, it? beauty will be
prolonged even beyond the blooming period of that
good old favourite. T. Challis,

Tea Rose, Princess Julie d'Aremberg.— This
new Rose, raised by Messrs. Soupert & Netting, is
figured in the last number of the Illustration Horti-
cole. It is a Tea Rose, large and full, and of a
rich canary-yellow. It is a stedliog from Madame
Bcraid.

|ji'd\id 'min and ll^jaiunp.

Okchids at the UiL^NDs, Sei.uy Hill, But-
MUNGUAM. — The compact lillle collection formeJ
by Charles Winn, Esq., gives a very good example
of the perfection to which these plants can be
brought by those who really like them and study
their habits, and the never-failing supply of bloom
always to be found in the houses proves that his
thoughtful consideration of the comforts of his pbnls
meets with a good reward. All the year round good
things are to be found in bloom at the Uplands in
every one of the houses : but those who have been
fortunate enough to see the Masdevallia-house in
the height of the flowering season need no other
marks to remember the place by, for in that house is
brought together every fine variety obtainable, and
under the good culture the plants receive they seem
to have been rendered slill better, so much so indeed
as in some cases to render them ditticult to identify
with plants of the same species seen under ordinary
cultivation— large plants of all the blood-red forms of
M. llarryana, such as M, II. sanguinea and M. II.
Ilrubyana, with flowers like small Anthurium Scber-
zerianura, immense specimens of .M. X'eitchiana, which
seem all to have grown into "giganteas," and great
tufts of that lovely clear yellow IM. Davisii, with flowers
of such size and substance that Messrs. Veitch
would not have dared to have hinted at when placing
the plant on otler for the first time. I remember Mr.
Dominy showing me one of the collector's dried
flowers of it, at the same time apologetically saying,
" No doubt it will improve under cultivation." The
result must far exceed his anticipation, for I he flowers
of Mr. Winn's plants and those of other good growers
would cover three of his wild specimens at least.
The Masdevallias at Sel'oy Hill are as good in foliage
as in flower, the leaves of all the species being fleshy,
dark green, and unmarked by those black spots which
so often disfigure them when not well grown. Mr.
Winn atliibutes in a great measure the good condition
of all his Orchids to the regular temperature always
kept up in his well ventilated houses, which are so
managed that in summer they aie cooler and pleasanter
thin it is outdoors, and in winter as healthy and
genial a temperature is maint.iined in them by careful
ventilation as in summer, notwithstanding that the
heat has to be supplied by artificial means. The
( >JontOL,loisums, w hich are grown as cold as possible,
are as healthy as the Masdevallias, some good O.
Alexandra? and O. Tescaloiei being in bloom, and
some fine plants of O. Uro-Skinneri and 0. hastila-
bium are furnished with short stout spikes of flower,
very different from the straggling ones usually seen on
them. The Cattleya and East Indian houses are well
filled with choice healthy specimens, in bloom being
many Cypripediums, Dendrobium Dearei and other
Dendrobes, La;lia elegans Schilleiiana, L. e. Tur-
neri, L. pumila, Calileya Eldorado splendens, C.
Gaskelilana, autumn-flowering Odontoglossum vexil-
larium, O. Roezlii, Vandas, Zygopetalums, &c., all
appearing safe and thriving under the care of Mr.
Alexander Uunn. J antes O'Brien.

PHAL.ENnpsis Lowii.— Although this species of
Moth Orchid is neither so large nor so splendid in
floral characters, nor yet so attractive in the character
of its foliage as some of its widelj- popular brethren,
yet it possesses a beauty of its own, as well as the
charm that seems to belong to Orchids that are rare
and are not easily grown. Introduced in 1S62 by the
firm whose name it bears, and owing its discovery to
the Rev. C. P. Parish, who collected it in Moulmein,
P. Lowii has always been a rare plant in English
gardens. Possibly its deciduous character may often
have led to its being thrown away as dead, for when
without its leaves this species is not a very hopeful
looking object, and to one who judged it by its con-
geners it would appear quite past recovery. The
leaves fall soon after the flowers fade, and then the
plant requires to be kept rather dry and cool for
several weeks. This rest has a salutary edect on the
plant, so that when again brought into a moist tro-
pical temperature it soon begins to grow vigorously.
A raft, such as is now becoming popular among
Orchid growers, with a layer of sphagnum about the
toots, appears to suit this Phal.-enopsis. At Kew
it is treated thus, and there is now in one of the houses
there a raft of healihy looking plants, which are bear-

ing several spikes of bloom. One of these spikes is
15 inches in length, and bears six beautiful white and
blush flowers, li inch in width. The beak-shaped
column, and curiously shaped purple lip ol this species
are somewhat remarkable characters in the genus
Phalpenopsis. W.

AilRIDES VIREN-S.— Flowers li inch long, sepals
:nd petals ovate, white, tipped with violet, lip like a
drinking-horn, with curved lip. It is a native of Java,
requires the temperature of the last India house,
and likes full exposure to light. The roots should be
encased in sphagnum, and the pots or baskets tho-
roughly well drained. 0,\/ii,i All-ion, t. 160.

Vaniia Saxderiana.— A fine illustration of this
is given in the IlhiUraUon Hvrli.ole, t. sS2, October,
18S4.

Orxithocefhalus GRANiiiFLORi's.— a Brazilian
Orchid, with oblong leaves, and racemes of small
greenish flowers, remarkable for the prolongation of
the column, with a long, slender appendage, to
which the caudicle of the pollen masses is attached.
Belgiijiie Horlicole, 1S84, t. 6.

Cyprii'EDIUM CALURf>[.— a charming hybrid
raised between C. longifolium and the pollen of C.
.Sedeni, and a free grower. The dorsal sepal is oblong
ovate, pale green with red nerves, the two lower
conjoined sepals are smaller. The lateral petals are
broad at the base, lanceolate, undulate at the margin,
and of a rich rosy-red colour. The large bag-shaped
lip is rosy- red with a broad white rtflexed spotted
margin. The plant is figured in the last number of
the Florist andl'omohgist.

Fpidendrum bicornutum.— a beautiful species,
wiih elongated pseudobulbs, from the summit of
which emerge two or three relatively short oblong
acute evergreen leaves, and an erect stalked raceme
of white flowers, each about 2 inches across. Sepals
ovate acute. Petals roundish, shortly stalked, lip not
exceeding the sepals, oblong, three-lobed to the
middle, lateral lobes short curved, central lobe lan-
ceolate, all spotted wiih fine purple spots, and the
centre of the disc marked at the base by a thick two-
lobed longitudinal callus of a yellow colour. It is .i
native of Trinidad, and is figured in Williams' Oi.hi.l
A'lni.ii, t. 157. It requires to be grown near the
glass in a very hot damp atmo-phere.

li" full advantage h,is been taken of the favourable
weather fur transplanting during the List fortnight,
the garden will now present a furnished and cheerful
if not a gay appearance, for when well filled and
skilfully arranged the beds at this season have 3
special and peculiar charm ; surrounded as they are
by the varied tints of autumn they are by contrast the
more suggestive of the approaching spiing, although
yet far distant. Care should be taken at this time to
induce as much growth as possible in the newly
introduced plants, so as to enable them to withstand
the severity of winter. Alihough not usually required,
watering has this season bci--n nece.--sary to keep the
shrubs and plants from flagging, and owing to the
exceptionally fine autumn many of them, especially
the \'iolas. Polyanthuses, daisies, and Aubrietias, arc
already showing abundance of bloom, and will, if the
weather continue mild, help to make the garden
bright and gay through the early winter months.

Herdaceoiis Borders.— This is perhaps the best
season to rearrange the old, also to make new bor-
ders, because at this time the old stems and flowers
aftord to the ihexperieiic-d an excellent guide as
regards habit and height in forming fresh plantations.
In renovating old bordeis it is better to remove all
the plants rather than to do so partially, the borders
can then be thoroughly dressed with the most desir-
able soil and well deca>cd manure, which should be
trenched in deeply. The borders should then be made
moderately firm by treading, so as to prevent much
after uneven settling of the soil. The plants should then
lie divided as required, and transplanted according to
their heights and colours or as taste and judgment

XOVEMRRR I, rS84,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

559

may dictate, in order to produce any desired effect.
When planting it will be desirable not to attempt too
great variety in a limited space, otherwise an inde-
linite and ineli\:ctive result is produced which is
always unsatisfactory. A few choice and judiciously
selected plants will be found much less troublesome
in arranging, and will eventually produce a far more
pleasing effect ; and, although the introduction of
several plants of one variety may in some instances
eventually have a somewhat patchy appearance, yet
this may generally be obviated by good judgment and
forethought in planting, and even if slightly open to
this objection even this is preferable to indiscriminate
mixed arrangements. When so contrived as to allow
of e.ich species or nearly so being planted in separate
beds, or in associating only such kinds as will improve
each other by being in juxtaposition, the effect will,
no doubt, be greatly superior to any other method,
simply because the suitable plants can be selected to
occupy special positions ; the different beds should
then be sufficiently isolated either by a sufficient
breadth of turf or shrubs. In this way a richer,
bolder, more varied effect is produced, and at no time
need the garden, if thus planted, be open to the objec-
tion so frequently made against herbaceous borders.
Different species can then be conveniently interplanted
with bulbs or other deciduous plants, so arranged as to
perpetuate the display when the chief occupants
become unsightly. Ilahlias, Gladiolus, Tigridias,
Begonias, and all similar plants, will now require
taking up, drying, and storing for the winter.
The former should be securely labelled and then
turned with their roots uppermost for a few days to
allow the moisture to drain from their hollow stems,
they may then be stored in sand in a cool shed, where
the frost cannot enter. Gladiolus, Ijegonias, and
Tigridias are not, in some positions, yet ripe enough
for removal ; but where the foliage is already decayed
they may be taken up at once, cleaned from dirt, and
stored in paper bags in a cool shed.

Shrubberies.— Deciduous trees and shrubs may
still be transplanted when the weather is favourable,
but the sooner this work is finished the more proba-
bility will there be of success. Pruning and thinning
may now be done, but whenever frosts occur these
operations should be suspended, unless the position
be a sheltered one. As the pruning is completed the
surface of the ground should be lightly broken up
with the fork, so as to admit air and water freely to
the roots, and at the same time give a neat, well-
dressed appearance to the shrubbery. T. S. Challis.

Che iDrcharb House.

At this season of the year the labour of attending
to the trees is not very great, whether they are kept
inside or turned out-of-doors. We simplify things
very much by turning the trees outside, and covering
the roots well up with cocoa-nut fibre refuse ; they
require no more attention until they are taken indoors
again. It seems scarcely necessary to advise the
thorough cleansing of the house at this season ; one
would think it ought to be done as a matter of course,
but some gardeners are careless in this respect, and
will allow opportunities to slip, neglecting to do such
necessary work as this when time can be spared.
This is the best month in which to pot young trees.
It saves a good deal of labour to purchase trees
established in pots, but they cost more money. A
tree that has been grown in a pot for one year will be
furnished with plenty of blossom-buds which are sure
to produce fruit if rightly managed. Two classes of
trees can be dug up from the open ground and potted
now. I prefer those that have made a single growth
from the bud, as such trees will make a fruiting
specimen after one year's growth in a pot. Cut down
trees may also be used for potting purposes ; these
would be two years from the bud. They are of
larger size, and although they would not be likely to
fruit next year, they would make larger plants for the
following season.

I have not seen cause to alter the list of varieties
recommended for potting purposes in previous years.
Grosse Mignonne we still place first on the list. I
had to select two varieties to plant in our early house,
and this variety, with Noblesse, was selected. Add
to these Alexander, Hale's Early, Crimson Galande,
Goshawk. We cannot discard Exquisite, as it is so
large and handsome, with an excellent flavour. Its
fault .is that it does not set well, but this can be got

over by setting the blossoms with pollen from Grosse
Mignonne. Rcllegarde ought not to be omitted.

In Nectarines were I to choose two varieties they
would be Lord Napier and I'ine-apple, although I
would be sorry to omit Sianwick Elruge. Add to
these Violelte llative, Elruge, Humboldt, and Vic-
toria. In potting the trees the mangled roots should
be trimmed off neatly, and the long bare ones should
also be cut back. This will allow the very largest
trees to be potted into 1 1 -inch pots, and the smaller
ones into g-inch. Use good fibrous turfy loam, some
crushed bones, and a little well-decayed stable-
manure. Drain the pots well, and pack the potting
material in firmly ; after that plunge the pots in
cocoa-nut fibre refuse. If they cannot be plunged in
this or similar dry material they should be wintered
under glass. J. Douglas.

Heeling-over Broccoli Plants.— In view of
early frosts, the advisability of "heeling-over" our
Broccoli plants as a means of checking exuberant
growth when it exists, and also of saving the crop
from the fate of the plants in iSSo-Si, once more
forces itself upon us. It is rather a perplexing point
to advise upon, seeing that, unless the winter be a
severe one, the ** heeling-over " process is not only so
much labour wasted, but the produce is also con-
siderably diminished thereby. However, where the
plants have made a luxuriant growth, and upon the
principle that "half a loaf is better than no bread,"
it may be desirable to " heel-over," if not all, at least
a portion of the plants, with their heads inclining
towards the north. This may be easily done by
removing two spadefuls of soil from the end of the
row on the north side of the plants, and putting it
into a kind of ridge sloping towards the plant — -say at
an angle of 30° or thereabouts — so that the base of
the head may rest against the lop edge of the
ridge ; the spade should then be thrust to its full
depth about a foot in front of the plants, and the
latter, with the assistance of the spade, iuclined for-
ward, and the stem, which, when fully exposed to
severe frost, suffers from its effects, should then be
covered with a couple of spadefuls of soil taken from
the front of the next plant, thus making a sort of
bolster for the latter. Where the plants have
made a short consolidated growth with sturdy
leaves close to the ground, they are less likely
to be injured by frost. In fact, dwarf, sturdily grown
Broccoli plants which have been transplanted into
firm soil are almost proof against frost, suffering but
little injury. Where the lifting and storing of roots,
as advised in my last Calendar, has not yet been
attended to, no time should be lost in forwarding the
work forthwith. Remove the Carrot-tops, Cauli-
flower and Lettuce stumps, &c. , to the rubbish-heap,
and ply the Dutch hoe between the rows of autumn-
sown Onions, Spinach, Lamb's Lettuces, &c., to
stimulate their growth and to destroy weeds, for
which last-named operation the continuance of fine
weather has afforded ample lime.

Frame Grounds.— Be on the alert for slugs,
which are very troublesome in frames. They may be
easily caught at night when they are feeding on the
leaves of young Lettuce and Cauliflower plants that
are destroyed in a few nights if the creatures are not
caught. A mixture of ne\v soot and lime dusted over
the plants occasionally when damp, and also (more
heavily) along the sides and ends of the inside of the
frame, will have the effect of keeping these destructive
pests in check. Decaying leaves of Lettuce or Cauli-
flower should be cleared from the plants as soon as
seen, and ventilate freely during fine weather ; but
when frost threatens close the sashes at night, and
should it be sharp cover with mats and Fern.

FiiRijiNG Department. — Where there are no
proper means for forcing French Beans it will be
difficult to keep up the supply. However, much may
be done by fixing shelves in Pine-stoves, Cucumber-
houses, and early vineries. Another sowing should
now be made in 8 inch pots, a little more than half
filled with light rich soil. Eight or nine seeds in each
pot will be ample, and the pots may be placed any-
where in heat (failing a better, a Mushroom-house
would do) until the plants come through the soil,

when they should be placed near the light, and, when
they have grown a few inches above the rim of the
pot, be earthed up. The points of the shoots must
be pinched off, to make them branch. Syringe fre-
quently, when other plants will not be injured by so
doing, to check the increase of red-spider, bearing in
mind, however, that the syiinging of the plants should
be more or less frequent, according to the high or low
temperature of the house, of which 55° to Go" will be
high enough at night. Where Asparagus is wanted
early in the season, a batch of roots taken up care-
fully with a digging fork should be put in to force
without further delay. Where properly heated pits
are not provided for the forcing of this much esteemed
vegetable, the next best way of forcing it is by means
of the old-fashioned pigeon-holed pits, which have an
outer space for linings 3 feet wide and 4 or 5 feet
deep, enclosed by a 9 inch wall, and covered with
shutters made of Oak, having a little incline out-
wards, to throw oft" the rain. These pits, as a rule,
are divided by partitions, one of which should be
filled with Oak or Chestnut leaves to within 12 or 15
inches of the top, and well trodden down. Over these
place 2 or 3 inches thick of short dung, and then a
couple of inches of soil, upon which the roots should
be placed closely together, and covered with 2 inches
o( soil, and then a few inches of sifted leaf- mould
should be put over all ; when the stems have
grown 2 inches through the mould, they are fit to
gather. The leaves maintain a gentle and steady
warmth, which causes every crown to push forth its
buds. A bottom and top heat of from (3o° to 70°
should be aimed at. Where there are no such pits
the ordinary hotbed must be had recourse to ; this
should be made up of one part leaves and one of long
stable litter, including the droppings, which should
be made into a conical heap, and be turned over a
couple of times during an interval of eight or ten
days before being used, so as to get rid of the rank
heat and smell. A sufficient quantity of this material
should be kept on hand for the purpose of making up
the linings of the hotbeds, and for new beds. When
the heat has declined to a lower temperature than that
necessary for the forcing ol the roots, linings become
necessary. As soon as Rhubarb and Seakale plants
have shed their leaves no time should be lost in getting
some of each into the Mushroom-house, or other
suitable place. When preparing the roots of the
latter for forcing, save the thongs or extremities,
cutting them into lengths of about 4 inches, and
placing them in a box with earth or sand, to be kept
till planting time. The last few years I have planted
our Seakale in what may be described as a " large
shallow box " in a part of one or two beds reserved
under the lower shelf in the Mushroom-house. So
satisfactory have been the results of this method that
I can strongly recommend it to the readers of the
Gardeners^ CkronuU, with the certainly of getting
good results. Failing Mushroom-house accommoda-
tion. Rhubarb and Seakale may be grown in light
mould in deep boxes, the mould being packed firmly
round the roots. These boxes may be placed under a
stage or in any convenient corner in a forcing-house.
Light and air should be excluded from the Seakale
uotil it is fit to cut (say when it has attained the height
of 6 inches), otherwise it will be wanting in crispness
and good flavour. Both may be grown satisfactorily
on an ordmary hotbed, in which case the Seakale
should be treated as advised for Asparagus. H. IF,
li'arJ, Longford Cmtle, SaUslmry,

Ihe iDrangery.

Orange Trees in Pots. — I have no knowledge
of the culture of these trees planted out in borders,
although there is no reason to suppose that this
system would not be equally successful with that of
their culture in pots. Probably very few would care
to devote a whole house for the culture of Oranges,
but a great many can obtain a few Orange trees and
grow them in any warm house. Their culture is as
simple as the results are satisfactory. Suppose the
trees have been obtained from the nursery. Three
varieties are sufficient — the Tangierine, St. Michael's,
and Maltese Blood. Our principal nurserymen are
very careful to pot and grow their trees well, but I
never trust to their potting. It is best to repot the
trees. Use for the purpose a compost the same as
that used for the other trees, and pot in the same
way. Place the trees in a cool-house until Christma.=,
and at that time place them in a gentle heal, in-
creasing it as soon as the trees start into growth.
Any trees with unripe fruit should be in a tempera-
ture of 65°. We are now gathering St. Michael's of
excellent quality from a tree ihat has been in an early
vinery all the summer, J. Pmiglas.

56o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1SS4.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

\l Sale of Eulbs, at Protheroe & Morris"
Monday. [Nov, 3-, Sale of Dulch Bulbs.andPIants from Ghent,

I at Stevens' Rooms.
TiEcr-Av w«» . / Sale of Nursery Stock, at Hale Farm, Tot-

1 1 ESDAY, Nov. 4 \ lenham, by Protheroe & Morris.

f Sale ot 25,000 Lilium auratum, &c , at Pro-

Ithcroc & Morris' Rooms.
Clearance Sale of Stock, at Sims' Nursery,

WliDNESDAV, Nov, 5 -I llf^ '^'^>'' ''>' ''""'•"°'= ^ "°"'' """
j Sale of Bulbs and Plants from Diilch anj
I Ucliiian Nurseries, at Stevens' Rooms.
(. Ealin;,' Chn'santhemum Show,
r Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rcoms.

Imported Orchids,

Thursday,

I Rcoms.
-., , J Sale of Established and
''■ lii at Stevens' Rooms.

Chrysanthemum show at Southampton (two

days)
Sale ol^ Imported and Established Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms,
avant Chrysanthemum Show,
r Sale of Dutch Eulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
•Saturday, Nov. 8 < Sale of Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

I General Meeting at the Royal Botanic
i. Gardens.

r Sa

Nov. 7 \ :
I Hi

BEFORE these pages reach our readers the
International Health Exhibition
will have become a thing of the past. Its suc-
cess has been great, and it has been well merited.
Its scope was most comprehensive, and although
sticklers for strict classification may find room
for quibble as to whether this or that e.vhibit
had much to do with the main objects of the
Exhibition, we may, with great complacency,
leave them to the enjoyment of their critical
faculty. By the public at large the general
result will be hailed with satisfaction, and it
would not be difficult to defend the course fol-
lowed by the promoters, if, indeed, any defence
were needed. For our parts we do not admit
any such necessity. All classes of the com-
munity and all interests have been well catered
for, and the most tremendous problems have
been grappled with as far as circumstances
allowed, as well as what some people might
consider the most frivolous.

The great Bacterial question — a matter the
importance of which is inversely as its attrac-
tion for the mere sight-seer — has been as well
illustrated as it well could be under the con-
ditions, and such minor matters as needle-
threaders and illuminated fountains have re-
ceived ample illustration. The scheme of the
promoters seems to have been an attempt
to cover the wide field of human attributes
and of human requirements. We cannot doubt
that the nett result of all this apparently
heterogeneous medley of the useful and the
recreative will prove eminently subservient
to the great object of the Exhibition — the
welfare of the people. Nor need we feel any-
thing but satisfaction at the part which Horti-
culture has been called on to play. The little
oases of verdure, of flowers, and of choice and
interesting shrubs were beautiful in themselves,
and most delightful as contrasts to the crowded
galleries. Who could doubt the appropriateness
of such islets of delight in a Health Exhibition .'
It is true that no great show of " elephants " has
been held, that specimen stove and greenhouse
plants have mostly been wanting, and that Orchid
lovers have felt some disappointment that their
special hobby has received but scant attention.
On the other hand, Daffodil lovers, and the in-
creasing host of growers of hardy plants have
been well provided for in the continuous and
really wonderful display made by Mr. WARE
and others. Auriculas and Gladioli, Dahlias
and Begonias, have been well represented, and
if these and such-like appeal only to the love of
beauty and refinement, they have done their
part well and have proved, if proof were needed,
that such beauty and such refinement are by no
means unimportant factors in promoting the
rational recreation and therefore the health of
the community.

If we turn to the more strictly practical part
which Horticulture has played in the exhibition
throughout the season of fruits and vegetables
adapted alike for the daily use of the community
and for the luxury of the few, we can but
congratulate the Royal Horticultural Society —

which, in this matter, has acted as the agent of
the " Healtheries " committee — on the success
of its endeavours. Oaantity and quality alike
have been such as to show that Great Britain,
in spite of its fickle climate, can well hold its
own against all comers. The quality of the
products exhibited in particular has been as a
rule superb. In saying this we do not overlook
the fact, that save in the matter of exhibiting
products in large quantities and finished excel-
lence, little or nothing has been done in the
way of instruction. But practical leach-
ing of the kind we have in view would doubt-
less be carried out better in quieter times, when
there are fewer distractions and more time.
Still, the food of the people as provided by the
cultivator is of such transcendent importance,
and the prosperity of the cultivator in these
days of foreign competition so very serious a
matter, that we can but hope that one effect of
this unparalleled exhibition, or series of e.xhi-
bitions, may be to secure in the future adequate
training in the principles and practice of culti-
vation. In and near the metropolis or the
large towns, where gardeners have the oppor-
tunity of seeing the best results, instruction in
the principles of their art is one of the most
pressing needs. The " reason why " needs
driving home, not so much because it is
the reason why, but because it opens up
the possibilities of the future, and enables the
cultivator to improve his practice, permits him
to cope with new circumstances and unfore-
seen contingencies, and to avail himself of the
constant flow of new discoveries. In more
remote districts the great want seems more
especially to reside in a better knowledge of
results already attained. There is no economy
in growing bad sorts, or sorts not adapted to
the locality. A good stock whereon to work
Apples or Pears costs relatively little more than
a bad one. There is no sense in growing in-
different Potatos when there are many old ones
of proved excellence, and many new ones whose
cropping qualities and general excellence leave
nothing to be desired. Then there are practical
matters, such as pruning, training, economy of
fuel, construction of houses and of horticultural
appliances generally, which, however well known
to my lord's gardener, are by no means so well
known to the small cultivators as they ought to
be. A big exhibition in London does not meet
the case we have in view. Local efforts are
needed, and we are glad to see some signs of
progress in this matter in the federation of
local societies, and in the general desire to
secure better and fuller information. Some
day, perhaps, the Royal Horticultural Society
of London may rise to its duties and oppor-
tunities in this matter, and become in deed, as
in name, the head centre of all horticultural
progress in the country.

Adverting now to the last show of the
season, with its really marvellous samples of
Apples and Pears, and its superb examples
of vegetable culture, we may appropriately
congratulate all concerned. We do not
know, we do not suppose that any one does,
what is to be the programme for the next
season, but we shall be quite in order in press-
ing on the Society the absolute necessity of
securing' some meeting-place for the Fellows
and for the gardening community, and institut-
ing one or more general meetings of the gar-
deners of all classes during the season, but of
which not a single one was vouchsafed this
year. This and the absence of any distinc-
tively instructional and educational opportu-
nities, apart from mere exhibitions, strike us as
the two most serious deficiencies in what other-
wise must within the limits assigned by circum-
stances beyond control be pronounced to have
been a most successful horticultural campaign.

" Flora Italiana." — It is with much plea-
sure that we note that this publication, interrupted by
the death of the late Prof. Parlatore, has been re-
sumed by Prof. Caruei.. The sixth volume, now com-
menced, includes the Labiates and a few ne.Trly allied
orders. A less diffuse method of treatment is

adopted, which is advantageous, as there would be
little chance of completing the work in any reasonable
number of years if the old plan were continued.

" ILLUSTRATIONES FlOR.-E ATLANTIC.Ii." —

The second fasciculus of twenty-five plales represent-
ing members of the flora of North Africa has just
been published, under the superinlendeuce of M.
CossON. The plants represented in the present part
are all Crucifers, of no special horticultural value.
The execution of the plates is beautiful.

Spanish Plants. — Professor Maurice

Willko.mm's Illustrationss Florts HispaniiF Insu-
larumque Baleariiim has reached its ninth part. The
text is in Latin, French, and Spanish, and the
coloured plates are remarkable for their fidelity to
Nature and freedom from artistic convention.

The Health Exhibition. — The Gold

Medal (for seedsmen) has been awarded to Messrs,
James Carter & Co., High Holborn ; and the
Silver Medal to Messrs. StJTTON & Sons, Reading.
Silver Medals were also awarded to Messrs. Wheeler
& Son, Gloucester ; and to Messrs. Webb & Son,
Wordsley.

Alexander Paterson, M.D., Bridge of

Allan. — In consideration of Dr. Paterson's gene-
ral philanthropy, and the interest he has always taken
in natural science, as instanced in the impetus he has
given to horticulture in his own district, including
the cultivation of Orchids and other beautiful and
interesting plants, it is proposed to present him with
a substantial testimonial, indicating the appreciation
in which his talents and his character are held by his
numerous friends in all parts of the kingdom. In-
tending subscribers are requested to communicate, at
their earliest convenience, with Mr. Robert P.
M'Cagie, Bridge of Allan, Honorary Secretary, or
Mr. John Gkah.\m, merchant, Honorary Treasurer.

Angra Pequena. — This desolate tract of

country, on the south-west coast of Africa, north of
the Orange River, which has lately been placed under
the protection of Germany, is about to be visited by
Dr. Hans Schinz, for botanical purposes. Some
odd succulents, and perhaps some showy bulbous
plants, may be expected.

— — Allium Holtzeri. — A species with very
long, slender bulbs, linear leaves, and globose heads
of small white flowers, with oblong acute segments,
and simple filaments with orange anthers, Garten'
flora, t. 1 169.

Horticultural Exhibition in Berlin.

— A great exhibition of the products of the garden
will take place next year in Berlin. As we have been
informed, the united Garden Societies have resolved
to hold the show during the days from September 5
to September 15, and the whole of the buildings of
the former Hygienic Exhibition will be made use of
for this purpose. We can only congratulate the pro-
jectors on their having secured these, as a better
adapted place could scarcely be found elsewhere, and
where the art of the gardener has already created
scenes of the most beautiful description. The lake,
the rockery, and the cascades, give the opportunity
for making a magnificent open-air exhibition, and the
enormous buildings that for an exhibition of tender
plants. The gardeners participating in the scheme
are already beginning to bestir themselves, and it
may be anticipated that the gardeners of Berlin and
the neighbourhood will prove what they are capable
of doing.

Crassula gracilis. — Under this name

there can be seen growing at the Royal Nursery,
Slough, a dwarf, small-leaved, red-coloured, Sedum-
like plant, obtained from the Continent under that
name, and now covered with bright red flowers. It
is very attractive, and as it is growing in a cold frame
is probably nearly or quite hardy. Whatever may be
the correct name of this plant, it is well worthy
cultivation.

Chrysanthemum Prospects. — Although

the November shows are so near, the somewhat high
temperature which has prevailed, allied to occasional
sunnydays, have rather troubled growers forexhibition,
as blooms develope rather too fast, and many a fine
promising bud is found ere the show season arrives lo

THE GARDENERS' CHRON/CLE. — 'November i, 1884.

562

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(KOVEMBER I, 1884.

have burst somcvhat unduly into a nearly spent
bloom. Growers do their best to meet this contin-
gency by l<eeping their plants and houses as cool as
possible, but too much shading is apt to prove dis-
astrous. Plants are of necessity got under glass some-
what early, and still farther houses which have
warm aspects are usually employed to hold them ;
hence it is exceedingly difficult to repress the tendency
the plants have to push blooms, let what precautions
be taken, if the sun shines out hotly and the tempera-
ture rules high. In spite of these minor troubles,
however, and which may not be general in effect, we
anticipate a very fine show season. We hear that
most growers for show have this year increased the
number of their plants, and if the requirements of the
many new exhibitions that are yearly cropping up are
to be met, exhibitors must not only prove exceedingly
gregarious, but also have an immense store of blooms.
A very legion of shows are to be Iield in the second
November week, but a (ew of the chief ones will test
the capacities of the largest growers, and the number
of their stands. Many very fine displays may be
looked for, but it is feared that elements of novelty
will be sought for in vain.

The Illustrated Dictionary of Gar-
dening (Gill, 170, Strand), of which several parts
are before us, may be salely recommended as the
best modern dictionary of garden plants. The com-
pilers have not been content to quote at second-
hand, but have gone to original sources, duly acknow-
ledged, and, better still, they show clearly that much
of their work is the result of independent research,
not on the part of 'prentice hands but of competent
persons. The woodcuts are some of them new,
and roost seem to the purpose ; fig. 388, however,
seems to take up a good deal of space unnecessarily,
and in all cases some indication of relative magnitude
should, if possible, be given. Here and there we
notice a slip, as in the definition of cambium, which
is hardly consistent with modern notions ; but on the
whole we would recommend that no garden library
should be without this very useful publication.

Blue Roses.— M. Myard tells us in the

JoiiiHnl ,/cs Roses how to produce these : — I. Get
■iome fuchsine (an aniline dye), and dissolve it in dis-
tilled water, so as to get a strong solution. 2. Dis-
solve a " pinch " of potash in 25 centilitres of distilled
water. 3. Steep a white or pale rose in the potash
solution, and afterwards in pure water, then soak it
in the fuchsine. In this way a fine blue tint will be
produced, varying in depth and uniformity of distri-
Imiion according to the strength of the solution and
other circumstances.

LiNNEAN Society of London.— Meeting

Thursday, November 6, at 8 p.m. Papers to be
read : — I. "Notes on some New Zealand Birds."
By Thomas Potts. 2. "On a Collection of Plants
made in Timor-laut Islands." By II. O. Forbes.
3. " On some Points in the Development of the Five-
bearded Rockling (Motella mustella)." By George
Brook. 4. " Remarks on the Reproduction of the
Heterocismal Uredines." By Charles B. PLO^Y-

KIGHT.

Dahlias in Autumn.— In a schedule of

prizes of a cottagers' show to be held in Kent on
November 6 there is a class for three blooms of
Dahlias. If the fine open weather continue, there is
no reason why some finely good flowers should not
be shown ; for, notwithstanding that a sharp frost
played some havoc with the plants on October 9,
they are now growing merrily, and flowering freely.
Mr. Turner states that the earliest date which he
can remember when the Dahlia plants were destroyed
by frost was on the morning of September 20, 1S40.
Mr. George Rawlings mentions a date as early as
September 9 or 10, some years ago. At Slough there
is an astonishing head of bloom for the season of the
year ; the plants are practically covered with bloom,
and especially the pretty free-blooming pompon
varieties. It is a season eminently favourable to the
ripening of seed ; and growers, who are also raisers
of seedlings, should have no difficulty in obtaining
some valuable seed.

Hertfordshire Natural Histcirv

Si" iety. — This day, November i, a cryptogamic
meeting and fungus foray is to be held at St. Albans.
The members will assemble at the London and North-
western Railway Station, St. Albans, at 2 p.m.;

leave Luston at I, Watford at 1.40, walk along the
lane nearly opposite the station to the Verulam Hills,
then through the woods to King Harry Lane, and on
this lane to the " Hollows." From the woods the
party will here enter Gorhambury Park, and return
alonj the carriage-drive to the lodge gates near St,
Michael's Church, and then by the "Water Walk "
to the station for the 5.50 train to Watford. Dr. M.
C. Cooke, M.A., A.L.S , and Mr. Wdrthington
G, .Smith, F.L.S., will accompany the members
and name the .species ol fungi collected j and Dr.
Brajthwaite, F.L.S., will identify the mosses.

A Spirited Little Colony.—" C. II. A."

writes to us as follows :— " The small colony of Tas-
mania has just done a generous and noble deed. For
the first time in its history it has voted a pension as a
reward for distinguished literary and artistic merit.
The recipient of this honourable and exceptional dis-
tinction is Mrs. Louisa A. Meredith, widow of the
late Hon. Charles Meredith, a public man of r.o
mean order, and one whose memory is still fresh, not
only with his [old supporters, but is held in [high
esteem by those who felt bound to oppose his political
views. Mrs. Meredith is well known, not only as an
authoress, but as an artist of singular grace and power.
She has done more to illustrate the beautiful flora and
the singular fauna of Tasmania than any other person,
as will readily be admitted by all those who have seen
her beautiful works — ' Some of my Bush Friends in
Tasmania,' 'Our Island Home,' ' Tasmanian Friends
and Foes,' &c. Advanced age and failing eyesight
will, it is feared, deprive us of any fresh productions
from Mrs. Meredith's facile and charming pencil ;
but all will agree that the Tasmanian Parliament did
honour to itself when on August 8 last it disregarded
the want of precedent, and voted a pension of ^100
per annum to Mrs. Meredith in recognition, not
only of her own great talents, but in honour of her
late husband, who throughout his long public
career had but one object, and that was the prosperity
and advancement of his adopted home."

The Respiration of Plants.— The

notion that the respiration of plants was essentially
similar to that of animals, which had begun to be
accepted as an admitted fact, was recently questioned
by M. Dehicrain and others on the ground that there
was no definite relation between the volume of
oxygen taken in and the amount of carbonic acid
given off. Lecturers and others regretted this want
of symmetry and analogy with animal respiration, but
submitted as in duty bound. Now come MM.
Bonnier and Mangi.n, who tell us that \inder fixed
conditions the relation between the influx and efflux
of the gases in question is constant, and that the word
"respiration" may after all be safely applied to
plants.

Vriesia fenestkalis.-A tufted Bronieliad

with oblong obtuse recurved leaves, with numerous
transverse, narrow, undulating hands of dark green
colour on a lighter ground. Flowers very numerous,
sessile, in two rows along the sides of a stalked
ter.Tiinal spike. Individual flowers greenish, some-
what cup-shaped, opening in the evening and exuding
a large quantity of acid fluid. The plant is a native
of Rio Janeiro, and is figured in the last number of
the Bi'lgi(inc Hortiiok,

Royal Botanic Society.— The following

are the arrangements for the year 18S5 :— Spring ex-
hibitions :— Wednesdays, March 25 and April 22.
Summer exhibitions :— Wednesdays, May 20 and
June 17. Evening /Jyi' .■— Wednesday, July I, S to
12 P.M. Special exhibition : — American plants, by
Mr. Anthony Waterer, Knap Hill, Surrey : daily
during June. Promenades: — Every Wednesday, from
May 6 to July 29, excepting May 20, June 17, and
July I. Lectures :— At 4 p.m. Fridays, May i to
June 19. General meetings for election of new Fel-
lows, &c.— Saturdays at 3,45 p.m. ; January 10 and
24 ; February 14 and 28 ; March 14 and 28 ; April
II and 25 ; May 9 and 23 ; June 13 and 27 ; July
II and 25; November 14 and 28 j December 12.
Anniversary :— Monday, August 10, at i p.m.

Pyeus (Cydonia) Maulei.— Whether we re-
gard this as a distinct species, or merely as a cultivated
form of P. japonica, it is certainly very distinct for
garden purposes, and ought to find its way into every
well ordered collection, even if it is a limited one. It
is dwarfer and more floriferous than the latter men-

tioned species, and every spring sees it covered with
its peculiarly tinted orange-scarlet blossoms, while
autumn is almost as certain to find it loaded with its
deep yellow Apple-like fruit. A bed of it near the
greenhouse, Kew, is annually a source of great
attraction during the autumnal months. A descrip-
tion and figure of the plant first appeared in the
GarJeiiers' Chronicle, vol. ii. , n. s., p. 756, t. 159,
and there is a Ijcautiful plate of it in a recent number
of the Bo/aniail Maxn-.iiie, t. 6780.

MuSHkOOMS AT Mr. j. T. BARTER'^. — A

visit to Mr. Barters' Mushroom grounds, at Lance-
field Street, Harrow Road, London, W., will well
repay any one desiring information on the subject,
and those who wish to see Mushrooms cultivated to
the best advantage in the open air will be equally
satisfied. Mr. Barter, as some of our readers are
aware, has devoted much time and trouble to this
particular subject, and it must be admitted he has
succeeded admirably. The beds are arranged in
straight ro«s, and vary in dimensions according to the
season of the year, the late spring and summer ones
being about 3 feet at the base, 2 feet 6 inches high,
and 6 inches on the top, while those (or use in autumn
and winter are a little larger. The beds are covered
with .ibout li inch of soil, and are spawned at So°,
the whole then being covered with a thick coating ol
straw litter and bast mats, varying in thickness
according to the weather. The results obtained by
thus growing Mushrooms in the open air would
astonish many of those who have Mushroom-housts
and every convenience, the beds being thickly and
regularly covered with as fine a lot of Mushrooms as
any one could wish to see.

Wakefield Paxton Society.— A meet-
ing of considerable importance was held on Saturday
last. About twenty delegates from the gardening socie-
ties of Sheftield (two societies), Leeds, Barnsley,
and Rotherham, assembled at the invitation of the
Paxton Society. After a lengthy discussion,
resolutions were passed that a union of the
gardening societies of Yorkshire should be formed,
to be called the " Yorkshire Union of Hor-
ticultural Societies," and a committee of the Paxton
Society was aiked to draw up a code of rules for the
approval of all the societies joining. This meeting
was held in the afternoon, previous to the ordinary
weekly meeting of the Society, at which the delegates
and others had the pleasure of hearing a lecture from
the Rev. J. W. C. Hughes, of Wraghy, on " The
Flora of the Ionian Islands ; " which, from the
lecturer's familiarity with his subject, gained by a lorg
residence as Her Majesty's Chaplain in those
islands, proved instructive, and a fitting conclu-
sion to the important meeting of the afternoon.

Clerodendron Siphonanthus.- Thelall grow
ing species of this genus we are accustomed to see
trained up the rafters of a house, or on some frame-
work, and the natural habit of those is more or less
climbing ; but the subject of this note is an erect
growing species, with lanceolate, elong.ate leaves in
numerous contiguous whorls, that amply clothe the
long rod-like stems. In order to flower this plant it
is essential to induce a free vigorous growth without
pinching or stopping, as the flowers are produced in
axillary clusters towards the end of the young wood
as well as terminal. They are creamy white, with
purple exserted filaments and stjle, and slender glan-
dular hairy tubes about three or four inches long that
droop elegantly all round the stem. There is a figure
of this stately old species in Burmann's Flora of
Malabar, t. 43, f. I, and a tall flowering specimen
may now be seen in the Victoria-house at Kew.

Dutch Tulips.— How little this gorgeous

and once very popular flower is appreciated in the pre-
sent day was recently shown at Birmingham, when a
select number ol bulbs of very fine strains from the
collection of Mr. James Thursion, Meriiedale,
Wolverhampton, was offered for sale by public auc-
tion. The collection was valued at ^^380, but the
sale scarcely realised ,^15. It has been the work of
jears on the part of Mr. Thursion to work up a
fine collection, and it has also been done at the
cost of a considerable outlay. This kind ol thing is
no longer a remunerative investment, and they who
grow Tulips must do so solely for the pure love of the
flower. And it is one ol the lessons taught by ex-
perience, that as soon as a flower becomes neglected
the finest strains deteriorate, because there is the

November i, i8?4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

563

absence of any incentive to improvement. Let us hope
lint there may be found some new aspirants to flori-
cultural fame, who will be found willing to reinforce
that somewhat limited band who labour to keep the
gorgeous Tulip up to its best standard of perfection.
Some hope for a tloricullural revival ; may its advent
be a speedy one ere collections of value become
dispersed and lost. Why should not beds of tine
laie Dutch Tulips be prown in our public parks in
common with the early varieties .' They would find
many admirers.

IjIVERPOOI. HORIICULTURAT. AsSOi. lATION.

— The following lectures will be given before this
Society : — November I, at 7 P.M., " Nil Desper-
andum," on "Cultivation of Vegetable Crops";
I~>ecember 6, papers by Mr. llur.n Ranger, on the
" Cultivation of the Cyclamen"; also, by Mr. En-
vVARn Bridge, " On the Cultivation of the Pelar-
gonium." January 3, 1885, papers by Mr. WlIUAM
MEA'iE and Mr. Koiikrt CuriiON.

The l.ii.iE^ oi' .StRii'iuRE. — The most

reasonable interpretation of the word " Lily " is that
it is to he taken in a metaphorical sense, and not ar
specially applicable to any one plant in particular.
The common while Lily, Lilium candidura, was con-
sidered by many to have the clearest claims, but this
plant was objected to, on the ground that it is not
native to Palestine, but occurs there only in a cultivated
condition. BoissiER, however, states that he has a
wild specimen from Lebanon, and in the appendix to
his Flora Orit-nlalis, p. 756, lately published, he cites
Peyron as having met with the plant in great abund-
ance in rocky passes near Feilrum, in the Lebanon,
at a height of 3400 feet, as well as in many other
localities in the same district.

Eremurus Bu.ngei.— a tall species with

ascending linear leaves and very dense, erect racemes
of yellow flowers with broad obtuse segments and
projecting stamens and orange anthers. A native of
Persia. Figured in Garlenflora, t. I1G8.

Eremurus aurantiacus.— An Asphodel-
like plant with linear leaves, tall, erect, many-flowered
racemes, spreading, closely set flower-stalks and star-
like pale yellow flowers with six projecting stamens
wiih yello* anthers. A native of Afghanistan.
Carknjlora, 1SS4, t. 1168, b.—h.

Azaleas.— When recently looking through

the houses of fine specimen Azaleas at the Royal
Nursery, .Slough, we were struck with a remark of
Mr. Turner's, which seems to show in a striking
manner the great addition made to the varieties of
Indian Azaleas during the last ten years. He said
that of the old varieties that formerly held high posi-
tion as exhibition and decorative varieties he now
grew only Chelsoni, retaining this for its bright and
attractive hue of colour. To use his own words, such
types as "' Iveryana, Criterion, &c., are no longer in
it." As fine a lot of half and three-quarter specimens
are to be seen at Slough as one could well desire to
look upon ; they are vigorous, clean, and well set
with buds ; moreover, they are representative of all
the newest and best varieties, and there are hundreds
of Azaleas of all sizes. What a stupendous exhibition
they would make when in flower could the plants be
gathered together in one centre.

Lmp.atiens SuLTANi. — These pretty summer,

and, we also anticipate, winter bloomers, have
become possessed of an additional colour in pink, so
that there are now scarlet, pink, and white colours.
Mr. Cannell, from whom we received these blooms,
slates they are nice flowers for bouquet work.

BnuvARDiAS Planted Out in Summer.

— During the past summer Mr. Turner had a num-
ber of Bouvardias planted out in a bed in the open
air in his nursery at Slough, at the same time when
the ordinary bedding plants were put out. They were
turned out of pots and planted in good soil. Here
they grew freely, and towards the end of the summer
flowered profusely. A few days ago the plants were
lified, potted, placed in a cold frame, and by-and-bye
they will bloom and be found very useful.

Marriage in High Life.— The great

event of last week in London society was the
wedding of the Marquis of Stafford, M.P., eldest
son of the Duke of Sutherland, to the eldest

daughter of the Earl of Rosslvn, the Lady Milli-
CENT St. Clair Ekskine. The Prince and Prin-
cess of Wales and the Princess Christian attended
the ceremony (which took place at St. Paul's,
Knightsbridge), and also the breakfast. The floral
decorations were entrusted to Messrs. Laing C^ Co.,
of Forest Hill, and consisted of white flowers only,
with Maidenhair Ferns and small Palms. The
flowers chiefly used on the tables and in the Princess
of Wales' boudoir were Orchids, Kucharis, Garde-
nias, Stephanotis, double Primulas, Chrysanthemums,
and other of the choicest kinds. Messrs. Laini.
.•^ ("o. were highly complimented on their tasteful
display.

Mr. Cox, of Rehi.eaf (iARriENs.— We hear

that our valued old correspondent and well known
gardener has retired to the Isle of Wight, on account
of failing health. We hope the repose and quiet will
be beneficial to him,

Business Note.— Mr. T. H. P. Dennis, of

("Ihelmsford, having retired altogether from business,
it will be carried on by the remaining partners, R, F.
Ckompton and F. A. Faw kes— the latter retaining
his present position as managing partner — under the
title of Crompton & Fawkes.

Publications Received. — Bios^raj'lncal

Notice of, ami Funeral Oration on, M. Alphonse
Lavai.lee. — Agricultural Returns of Great Britain
and Other Countries,

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Oct. 27, 1884, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
.S.W. ; — The weather during the first part of this
period was generally fine and dry, but subsequently
became rough, squally, and rainy, with great oscilla-
tions in temperature. At several of our northern and
north-western stations hail or sleet showers were
reported. The temperature has been a little below
the mean in "England, E.," and about equal to it
in the "Midland Counties " and "England, S.,"
but in all other districts it has been slightly in
excess of its normal value. The maxima, which were
registered on diflerent dates in the various districts,
ranged from 57° in "Scotland, W.," to 60' in
"Scotland, E." and " ICngland, S.W.," and 61' in
"England, S." The minima were with few excep-
tions, recorded on the 25th, when the thermometer
fell to 28° in England, K.," 29° in " Ireland, S," 31° in
" Ireland, N.," and to between '^^^'^ and 36^ in most
other districts ; in the "Channel Islands," however,
45° was the lowest reading. The rainfall has been more
than the mean in " Scotland, N." and " Ireland, N.,"
but less elsewhere. In the south and east of England
and in the "Channel Islands " the fall has been very
slight. Bright sunshine has been more prevalent
than it was last week in nearly all districts, the per-
centage of possible duration varying from between 12
and 17 in the west and north to 37 in " England,
E.," and " England, S.," and to 44 in the "Channel
Islands." Depressions observed : — During the earlier
days of this period the high-pressure area, which had
been established over France and the greater part
of r'ngland and Ireland moved slowly eastwards,
and depressions travelled westwards outside our
extreme western coasts. The wind consequently
shifted to the southward at all our stations, and blew
freshly in the west. By 8 a.m. on the 24lh the
conditions had become very irregular. A second area
of high pressure had appeared off the west of Ireland,
while an ill defined "disturbance was shown over the
Bay of Biscay, and another low-pressure system oft"
the west of Scotland. This distribution, however,
was of short duration, as from the 25ih till the end
of the week (the barometer being now highest over
France) some large and unusually deep depressions
travelled quickly in a north-easterly direction to the
westward of our islands and over Scandinavia, pro-
ducing strong winds and gales from between south
and west or noith-west in all parts of the kingdom.
The chief force of the gales was experienced on our
north-western and northern coasts on the 26th, and
again on the night of the 27th.

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. A.

Beegii, late Foreman at Flete, Ivy Bridge, Devon,
has been appointed Head Gardener to Geo, Norkis,
Esq., Wood Norton Hall, East Dereham.

THE SOPHRONITIS.

S. GRANDIFLOKA, Lindl. (S. coccinea, Reich. {.).
— This showy beauty, with its brilliant scarlet flowers
departing from the modesty of size and habit of the
inflorescence of S. cernua — whose meek deportment
probably suggested the generic name [sofhroi:, modest J
— is by far the finest of the genus, and now that its cid-
tureis well understood, each year it becomes a greater
favourite. Collected and sent home alive to this coun-
try forlhe first time by Mr. tiardner in 1S37, not even
his description of the high altitude in the Organ Moun-
tains of Brazil (7000 to 8000 feet, near Rio Janeiro)
could save it from being always designated a "stove
epiphyte," even the fine coloured plate in vol. xvii. of
the Flore t/es Serres et Jes '/ardins being marked
" serre e/iaiiJe." No more misleading description
could be given of the plant, nor one likely to be more
fatal to the production of its beautiful flowers. In Ihe
early years of its attempted cultivation in this
country the fresh imported plants were frequently
heard of as flowering here and there, and were always
admired, but it soon got found out that the greater
part of the plants quickly died out, and at last the
imported plants were received by many in the full
belief that they must necessarily die out, too, in a
short time. That the cause of the great mortality
among them arose from their being grown in hot-
houses is proved by the fact that, during all
the time that such quantities were being lost
in heat, a few were being cultivated very suc-
cessfully in cold houses ; for example, Mr. Sil-
lem of Lawrie Park has in his possession now
a grand specimen which springs from a very tiny
plant received over twenty years ago, and which has
been grown ever since as a cold greenhouse plant.
Not before it got generally known that S. grandiflora
grew best in a cold house did the pkint get really at
home in thiscountry ; but since it has been grown in the
coldOdontoglossum-houseorother such-likocool shady
place, it is a thing almost unknown to hear of a plant
that is so treated dying, while the great improvement
which it seems to make every year in growth and
flower causes one to wonder what it will ultimately
come to and to regard its ancient synonym, I'attleya
grandiflora, as not such a ridiculous name after all.
What could be more beautiful than that gr.and speci-
men with over fifty flowers each, measuring 2'{ inches
across and all open at the same lime, which Mr. R.
P. Percival had at Clevelands, Birkdale, last j'ear ?
And that was only one among many. However it is
no novelty to see well-grown plants of this charming
Orchid, and it is a pleasure to see them getting stouter
every year.

There is great novelty in S. grandiflora, some
being much longer in the bulb than others, and
some differing from others in various tints between
bright orange and blood-red, but all are lovely when
well grown. A. Philbrick, Esq., of Oldfield, Bickley,
Yiho grows many specimens of it to perfection in
shallow pans in the cold house, has one plant which
always produces its flowers in pairs.

S. grandiflora purpurea is of the short bulbed clas-i,
rather prostrate in habit, and produces flowers of a
dark crimson which, when mature and fading, have a
decidedly purple hue.

S. grandiflora rosea. — This is a very distinct and
rare variety, with bright rose-coloured flowers. A
good plant of it is in the possession of J. T. Peacock,
P'sq., Sudbury House, Hammersmith.

S. militaris (syn. S. grandiflora).

i". eernna. — This was the first of the species intro-
duced. We read of its having been in the possession
of Mr. William Harrison, of Liverpool, in 1S26.
It bears three to five flowered racemes of small
orange-coloured flowers.

S pleroearpa, like t'ne preceding, is nothing to com-
pare with the varieties of S. grandiflora for beauty.
It has dark rose-coloured flowers.

S. violaeea has very distinct rounded and grooved
pseudobulbs, about 2 inches in height, and leaves
much thinner in texture than those of the other
species. The flowers, which are small, are violet in
colour. The plant is said to have flowered first in
1840 with Mrs. Cannon, of Stratford Green.

All the Sophronitis are cold-house plants requiring
to be kept wet all the year round. They thrive
best on blocks or rafts, or in those shallow pans for
suspending now so much in use, and the material
they prefer around them is very fibry peat, to which
may be added crushed charcoal. Perfect drainage is
necessary in order to allow of the frequently given
water passing off. Although the three last-named
species are not nearly so good as S. grandiflora, they
are well worth growing, and good culture will pro-
duce fine masses of them which will not fail to be
admired. Jamei O'Brien.

564

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

SEASONABLE WORDS ON
ORCHID CULTIVATION.

Even before the end of October the plants have
entered the transition state from the autumn to
winter. It is but reasonable that the treatment
should be such that one season glides into the
other almost imperceptibly. In the warmest house
there are theCalanthes throwing up their flower-spikes,
and they always seem to do better in this house with
a temperature of 65" than in one even 5' lower. As
soon as the flowers begin to open the plants may be
removed to a cooler house, where they will open
more slowly and last longer in good condition. The
heat-loving Cypripediums produce some quaint and
beautiful flowers at this season, and none are more
beautiful than C. Spicerianum. This seems to require
the same treatment as C. niveum — plenty of heat and
moisture, while they both dislike to have the potting
material pressed too closely round the base of the
plants.

One of the mo=t charming of recent additions to
this house is the Phaius tuberculosus ; it is now in
the middle of its growth and producing its flower-
spikes. It must be kept moist all through the winter,
and the leaves should be kept clean by frequent
sponging. In the shadiest part of the house the
various species of Angrcecum will now be showing
their flower-spikes. They like plenty of heat, and
if kept free from yellow thrips they are sure to do
well. Up to this time Vanda Hookeri and V. teres
have been quite near the glass ; they have made good
growths, and it will now be quite time to place them
in a cooler house, gradually withholding water from
them. Near the glass in the lightest part of the
house we place our plants of Odontoglossum Roezlii.
This is a very charming species when well grown, as
it can be in the warmest house. We never let the
plants get anything like dry in winter ; indeed, it is
not possible to do so, as they usually make their
growth at that season. The Bolleas and Pescatoreas
do not like a dry atmosphere, nor do they thrive if
allowed to become dry at the roots even in winter.
They should be placed at the coolest end of the house.
In winter they must be quite near to the glass, and
the leaves kept free from spider by sponging. The
deciduous Dendrobiums, if they have made their
growths in this house, ought now to be removed to a
cooler place. A rather dry house suits them best,
where the temperature does not fall below 45°. They
will require scarcely any water during the winter —
the species requiring this treatment are D. Ward-
ianum, D. crassinode, D. Falconeri, D. nobile,
and others of this type. Such evergreen kinds
as D. densiflorum, D. Griffithianum, D. Farraeri,
D. thyrsiflorum, &c., if they have made their growths
in this house, should be removed into the Cattleya-
house ; they will not flower well unless they are kept
rather cool, dry at the roots, and in a dryish atmo-
sphere.

In the Cattleya-house the transition state must
be gradual as in the other departments, but it
must be more decided. A very damp atmo-
sphere in winter, whether the temperature is low or
high, must be avoided. I happened to be looking
through the houses in a large establishment where
Cattleyas are grown much , better than usual, and as
this was in winter I could not but remark on the
good condition they were in, and was told that no
water was sprinkled about anywhere, not even on
the paths, except once in a week to wash them down.
The wall ventilators were open night and day ; the
minimum temperature being as near as possible to
55°; it might fall to 50° on cold nights, but the plants
receive no injury from it. Under these conditions
the evergreen Dendrobiums would pass through the
winter, and if they made good growths, and were
kept dry during the winter, they would be sure to
flower well the following spring and summer. In a
mixed collection of Orchids there are many species
and varieties, which may be making their growth in
the winter, and a number of them would not
submit to the atmosphere being kept so very dry.
Amongst these may be mentioned the numerous
Masdevallias, which would be injured if left in
the cool- house ; many of them are making their
growths, some of them, including M. tovarensis, are
both growing and coming into flower. All plants
usually removed from the cool-house to the Cattleya-
house at this time of the year should be attended to
before very cold weather sets in. Our plants o(
Odontoglossum vexillarium have just been taken out

of the cool-house and placed near the glass in the
Cattleya-house, and as they are just making their
growths it would not do to have the atmosphere so
dry for them as for Cattleyas and Dendrobiums ; the
plants are also kept sufficiently moist at the roots to
keep the sphagnum in a green and healthy condition.
Odontoglossum cirrosum has usually been kept in the
cool-house, but they seem to suffer a little in the winter,
and the largest proportion of them have been removed
to this house. It is a question whether the whole of the
Masdevallias would not be better in the coolest part
of this house rather than in a cool-house, unless
it is more exposed to the sun than some
of them are. Young and old leaves both
die off in an unaccountable manner in the
winter months, and they are not so liable to do so
when they pass the winter in a span-rooted house
well exposed to the sun as in a lean-to facing north
which scarcely gets a glimpse of the sun for three
months in winter. Cymbidium Lowianum ought also
to be kept near to the glass roof, and will also require
a fair supply of water as the flower-spikes are show-
ing. C. Mastersii is also showing its spikes, and C.
eburneum will do so ere long. All of these and
kindred species like a fair supply of water at the
roots.

The house does not lack bloom at this season. The
Pleiones are very pretty, so also are the elegant
Barkerias, which love light, air, and moisture, as
they favour blocks rather than any organic matter
about the roots. Another elegant plant we look to
flower now is Ltelia albida, and the more splendid
L. autumnalis. Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum
is very handsome and elegant also if the plant is
placed where the spikes will hang gracefully over
I'erns or other plants.

In the cool-house recent experience has taught us
that a dry atmosphere is much better for the plants
than a moist one, especially for old established
plants, whether they are in growth or have made
their growth. Plants that have but recently been
introduced and have not yet formed any new
roots would be all the better for a moderately
moist atmosphere, and a warmer temperature. One
successful amateur told me that he always started his
cool-house Orchids in a warmer house, and had been
very successful even with that shy rooting Orchid
Odontoglossum Edwardii. I put six newly imported
plants of this species into the cool-house last January,
they are all growing now, but not all of them have
started to root, and they have been kept very moist
all the time. L;Klia autumnalis used to grow well and
flower annually in our small span-roofed cool-house,
but it was placed close to the glass, at the south end,
and had plenty of light and air all through the sum-
mer, but if the culture of this plant was to be at-
tempted in the lean-to houses behind a north wall
failure would be sure to result. The plants succeed
fairly well in a Cattleya-house, the coolest part close
to the glass.

Another thing of considerable importance is the
position which the various plants occupy in the
house, Odontoglossums of the crispum, Pescatorei
and luteo-purpureum type, are not at all particular in
this respect, on the other hand some species of Odonto-
glossum are very fastidious ; O. nebulosum, for instance,
used to grow very well with us on the stage amongst
the others, but they would die off before the growths
were completed, the cause being damp. This suggested
hanging them up near the glass, where the air could
play freely around them, and in that position not a
single growth has been injured. Such plants do not
suffer in the summer, but in winter they are sure to
do so. The charming little O. Rossii should also be
placed close to the glass now. The very handsome
O. coronarium may be managed by growing it in a
box formed of Teak, so that the leading growth may
push over a shallow bed of fibrous peat and sphag-
num kept loose by a liberal addition of clean potsherds
and charcoal. The plant should also be raised within
a foot of the glass roof. It does not often grow well,
and when it does it may not flower ; but it is so hand-
some in flower and distinct as a plant that it is worth
some trouble to do it well. At present once a day
will be sufficient to sprinkle water about in this house
— the morning in preference to night, as much moisture
hanging about at night causes the delicate flowers to
spot.

The temperature should range about 50' at
night. In mild weather, as at present, 53° will be
better ; when cold, dull weather sets in even less
moisture will be required. J. D.

LADY SUDELEY APPLE.

We learn that Messrs. George Bunyard & Co., of
Maidstone, have decided to distribute this remark-
able Apple, hitherto known as Jacob's Strawberry
Apple, next year, if they can raise a sufficient stock.
In order to avoid confusion of names they will
rename it Lady Sudeley, by permission, there being
four other Strawberry Apples in cultivation. It is
somewhat remarkable that such a beautiful fruit —
moreover, one possessing such merit in point of size,
flavour, and continuous cropping — should not have
been known to Dr. Hogg, Mr. Barron, or the Fruit
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
known judges regard it as a valuable acquisition.

By those who have seen it growing for seven years
it has been regarded as an excellent dessert fruit, and
also well adapted for exhibition. It will certainly be
considered as indispensable in all well ordered fruit
gardens in the milder parts of the kingdom. Although
there are now many varieties of early Apples, we can
thankfully find place for this sort, which begins to
colour towards the end of July, and in August it
comes into use, lasting in good condition for about
two months. Our illustration (6g. loi) shows the
general character of the fruit, which is streaked with
crimson on the sunny side.

A WEST-COUNTRY NURSERY.

The Vinstone Nursery of Mr. Serpell is situated
so as to have a wide view over Devonport to Brent
Tor and the weathered heights of Dartmoor. But a
Plymouth villa generally has this adjunct. The
former proprietor formed an extensive Arboretum
here, and although many of the specimens have been
swept away to make space, yet some of the finest
have been allowed to remain. A huge Cupressus
Lambertiana is famous all over the west country. It
looks for all the world like some old wide-spreading
Cedar of Lebanon. The tree is 15 feet S inches in girth
5 feet up the stem. It has either lost its leader and
the young shoots have all been allowed to grow
together, or else it has a different habit to macronarpa,
which is generally more or less pyramidal in form.
That there is something in this latter fact is
undoubted, and ample evidence in support of it
can be seen at Port Eliot, near St. Ger-
mains. As you stand on the brow of the hill
and look down over the young Conifers with
their fresh and shining foliage, you cannot help
thinking you have never seen them to such advantage,
and the more you look the surer you become. More-
over, at Vinstone the valley below is both pastoral
and woody. A tall Weeping Beech first fixes the
attention when the eye begins to single out the com-
ponent parts. It is a constant refrain in your Notes
from Correspondents that such and such a thing is
not half known or grown as it should be ; and had
not one of our best known gardeners assured me that
he had never seen a specimen, I should have
foreborne to make the same complaint. The Weep-
ing Beech is emphatically one of the finest of
the pendulous trees, and is especially suitable for
planting on lawns or by water, or at the conclusion of
a walk. The remains of the collection of the Barberry
family and of the Magnolias ate almost Intact, and
any one who wishes to judge of the character of any
variety as a large specimen cannot do better than cal|
on or consult Mr. Serpell.

As the ground has a north aspect, the Dahlias,
which are extremely well grown, hang on till late in
the season. Magnificent exhibition blooms could be
obtained late in September, of W. H. Williams, Im-
perial, Hope, Condor, and a beautifully tinted variety
not yet in the trade called Mary Taylor. Fancy rock-
work is another speciality, and the examples shown in
the nursery are conspicuous for their lightness and
airiness. Hollow rockwork is undoubtedly prefer-
able both because it makes a bolder piece of work,
and because less stones are used. Why villa-holders
cannot employ a skilled man in the first instance
instead of putting up haphazard clumsy erections is
only explainable on the ground that they are unaware
of their own ignorance and want of taste. Facing
the road so as to be seen of the passengers are
several well kept flower-beds in which great use
is made of Begonias and Dracaena lineata. Some
shrubs of Escallonia montevidensis stand out here and
bloom freely.

One of the show houses is arranged so that at first
sight it seems impenetrable, for in order to avoid the
straight line down the centre two rectangular spaces

November r, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

565

are cut in the staging, round which the path is led.
Abundant use is made of Ferns and virgin cork to
cover the ground beneath the staging. Some grottos
formed of the same substance are very ingeniously
made, by a system of looking-glasses fixed at the back
of them, to reflect others placed at their side, and
thus to make it appearas if they extended backwards
to a very distant scene. These grottos were planted
with taste, and were before anything I have seen
of the same kind. The chief plants used were
Cocos Weddelliana, Adiantum Farleyense, Asple-
nium viviparum, Todea pellucida, Ficus scandens
and repens {the former a famous thing for covering
damp back walls), Pteris tricolor, and Adiantum
ciliatum, which was very pretty with its linked
system of dependent fronds. At the back wall of
this house is trained a large Monstera delicosa. Any
of your readers who may happen to be in Plymouth
will be well pleased if they visit this nursery, and will
pick up wrinkles not a few. C. A. M. Carmichael,

J40]V1E fJoRREgPOJNDEjyCE.

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.—
I have received a great many complimentary letters,
but only one enclosing any cash, and I herewith send
it for your perusal and publication if you think fit.

or, perhaps better still, to the Hon. Sec. of the Society,
E. R. Cutler ? Do let us see if we cannot raise the
amtjunt before the beginning of December. VV. Swan^
Oakkv, Fallowfuiti, [We have received £{ from Mr.
Hatch, The Gardens, Manor Cottage, Old Windsor,
which we have forwarded to Mr. Cutler, and shall be
glad to forward other donations. We should be glad
to receive shillings from gardeners who have not
hitherto contributed, as well as pounds for the same
purpose. Ed.]

Ampelopsis hederacea. — The Virginian creeper
has long been a favourite, but it is not so extensively
planted as its merits deserve, for besides being so light
and elegant in appearance all the summer, it is mag-
nificent during the autumn, especially in seasons like
the present, when it puts on the most intense colour-
ing and quite outrivals itself. Although I have
always admired it before, I have been more than
usually struck with it this year, as the other day I saw
at Felixstowe a house with light walls ablaze with it,
the contrast between the background and the foliage
being most charming. On the poultry-houses and
fences at Lord Gwyder's, near Ipswich, it is almost
equally good, and it seems fine and rich everywhere,
the sun having painted it in deep claret and scarlet,
and shaded it off to perfection. If this Ampelopsis
were only used freely in pleasure grounds to run up
and drape thin spare trees and depend from the
branches, a new feature would be introduced and
much beauty added, as it would give a brightness to

by 12, replacing other boilers and doing the work better,
and with certainly not more than two-thirds of the fuel.
The boiler is i S feet in length, and is an adaptation by
Messrs. Foster & Pearson, of Beeston, of the one
now used by several of the chief London market
growers. There are, however, several important
improvements which obviate the danger of breakage
through unequal expansion and contraction (the
great drawback in the earlier forms), but which can
scarcely be explained in a short note ; but we shall
be pleased to send '* Yorkshireraan " a drawing if he
will forward his address, or to the Editor, if he
thinks it worthy of publication, y. I^, Pearson*^ Sons ^
Chikvell Nurseries, Notts. [Please send it. Ed.]

White Lapageria. — We have what we consider a
very fine plant of the white Lapageria planted out in one
of the greenhouses here. I herewith enclose a sample
of the flowers for your inspection. You will see,
from the accompanying shoot and leaves, the vigour
of its growth. Last winter I was obliged to give it
rather a severe pruning, as it had grown so thick and
matted together, I saw it would be impossible to see
the flowers, even although they did come. I am glad
to say it stood the pruning very well. I would
feel greatly obliged by your answering the following
questions : — Is there more than one form of
the white variety? Mow did it originate? Was
it a garden hybrid, or what ? and from what
country was it originally imported ? William
Kilgour^ Gr.f Edge Hill^ Aberdeen^ October 27,

Fig. ioi. — apple Jacob's strawberry, or lady sudeley, (see p. 564.)

There is [an old saying that " Fine words butter no
Parsnips," and all the fine complimentary talking or
writing will not produce the £,6,20 we require. I have
therefore to ask my friends not to send any more such
letters, but if they must write may I ask them to
respond to the appeal of the Treasurer and the com-
mittee by sending a tangible form of approval in the
shape of cash? E. R. Cutler^ Sec, 14, Tavistock RoWf
Covent Garden^ London, W.C.

X am very sorry to learn that there is a

prospect of the amount necessary to raise the pen-
sions of the Gardeners' Benevolent Institution
not being forthcoming ; may I therefore suggest
that at the forthcoming Chrysanthemum shows
throughout the United Kingdom, also at the open-
ing meetings of the many mutual improvement
societies in connection with botany and horti-
culture, and at other gatherings of a social character
where gardeners most do congregate, the president
or secretary, or some one who may be appointed,
would feel it incumbent upon them to bring the claim
and needs of the Institution before the members, and
not to rest until each one has done a share however
small in helping to raise the sum required (^^420), so
that the promised ^{^S'^ ™3,y be secured to complete
the amount required. May I also appeal to many
who may be anxious to contribute, not to wait till they
are called upon to do so, but at once to send their
sum, large or small, with the addition if possible of a
neighbouring brother's mite, to the office of your paper,

the arboreal ornaments and show up well against the
varied tints of their foliage. Ampelopsis Veitchii is
equally valuable, but this variety is closer growing,
and therefore more adapted for covering walls or
fences, purposes for which it is specially suitable^ and
most telling it looks when so used in combination with
silver variegated Ivy, with which it associates well.
J.S.

Horizontal Tubular Boilers. — In reply to your
correspondent " Yorkshireman " in last week's issue
of your paper, I may say that I have had con-
siderable experience in almost all known kinds of hot-
water boilers, and without prejudice I may say,
although there are several exceedingly good boilers
in the market, commend me to the horizontal
or tubular boiler (known as the Trenthan Boiler).
This boiler will burn almost any kind of fuel and
refuse most economically, and at the same time main-
tain its powerful heating capacity with but little
attention. These are premier properties necessary in
all hot-water boilers. With ordinary care this boiler
will last a lifetime. I may state that I know many
of these boilers that have been working for upwards
of twenty years and are apparently none the worse for
their many years' wear and tear, for they continue to
give the greatest satisfaction. P, R.

In reply to " Yorkshireman's " inquiry, we

may say that we put down a horizontal tubular boiler
last season, and as far as our experience goes it is far
the best for economy and efficiency we have yet
seen. It is now heating three of our largest houses,
viz., 100 feet by 30, 100 feet by 24, and 100 feet

[A very fine sample. We do not know of more
than one, but doubtless individual plants vary. The
white variety was, we believe, a seedling from the
red. The plant is a native of Chile, and all but
hardy. It stands the smoke of the copper furi
naces in its native country better than any other
plant. Ed.]

Hollyberries. — There seems to be in favoured
localities a very good crop of Hollyberries this year,
but I think they are, in spite of the beautiful summer
we have had, later in ripening than usual, as, but a
week since, even on trees literally laden with
the fruit, it was sti-ll so green that it did not catch the
eye till sought for. Perhaps the drought kept fruiting
in check. In any case, we have often seen plenty of
ripe or really well-coloured Holly berries early in
October. Perhaps the cold sprine held the bloom in
check, and it was later than usual. Certain it is, that
destruction of Holly bloom by frost must be a rare
occurrence, and blank fruit seasons are doubtless more
often due to the need for rest on the part of the trees
than by climatic injuries. The older and leaner the
bushes the more fruitful do they seem to be. A. D.

Apples in Scilly.— The Scilly orchards hardly
ever have bad years. The trees are dwarfed and a
thick fence or hedge is always planted round for pro-
tection from wind. Mr. Blackmore in Mary Anerley
has an apt simile of a man getting to the east end of
a south wail in the month of March and quickly
making up his mind that he had no pressing business
round the corner. But in Scilly when the wind is at

566

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[N0\EM1)ER I, I8S4.

its height business of any kind out-of-doors has to be
suspended. The sorts grown most are the old-
fashioned Codlins and Pearmains, and a peculiarly
sweet and colourless medium-sized variety locally
yclept " Box Apple." In the Tresco Abbey gardens
there is a good assortment of varieties, and the fruit
are lirsl-class both in appearance and quality. Kib-
slons, Red Astrachan, Blenheim Orange, Cellini,
Irish Peach, Cornish Aromatic, and Lord Suffield are
admirably adapted for the light but rich sandy soil of
the islands. C. A. JM. C.

Graft Spott on Black Hamburgh Vine. — I
alluded to a case of sporting on a Vine of t?jis variety,
at the large Grape growing establishment of Mr.
Sweet, Leyton. The facts of the case are these ;
Two Vines were planted near to each other, one a
Hamburgh and the other a < iros Colraar. The last-
named variety was inarched on the flamburgh, but
was ultimately cut off again, leaving the lower part of
the Gros Colmar stem still attached to the Hamburgh.
Presently a growth started from the Hamburgh stem
a foot below the union of the graft, with the Gros
Colmar foliage and wood, now it is in fiuit
which sets all doubt at rest, as it is Gros Colmar fruit.
I have no doubt that Mr. Sweet would be pleased to
show this Vine to any one interested in such a peculiar
instance, y, Douf^las,

Weather Effects on an Oak Tree.— I sent
you last April a note in which I described the curious
effects of frost upon a large Oak tree here, resulting
in the destruction of all the bursting buds round the
sides of the tree, but leaving the top quite untouched ;
thus we saw a big tree with a green head, but with
body, as it were, comparatively nude, yet blackened.
Of course Nature soon forced new growth on these
side branches, |and presently the tree, assumed its
wonted summer garb. Now is seen another result of
the frost. All round the sides of the tree just where the
frost in the spring destroyed the early leaf-buds, the
foliage has browned early and is fast falling, whilst the
head that was left unhurt in the spring is still green
and vigorous. The injured sides are probably some
40 or more feet in depth of bough, and to that line
the frost seems to have risen around the tree, but no
higher. The present stale of things serves to show
how far-reaching are frost effects. Most persons
would have concluded that late spring foliage would
have resulted in equally late foliage m the autumn.
A. D.

Layering the Quince. — This is an operation in
horticulture which is practised in several ways
in ditferent countries. The object usually intended is
the production of young plants for grafting or budding
uses, or for plants to be grown on as Iruit trees or bushes
on their own roots. The method here described is
practised in French and German gardens with the
best results. Quince stools are allowed to grow for'
several years till a considerable amount of growth has
been made, then in the spring or autumn the stems
are sawn through at about a foot or a foot and a-half
from the soil ; and in July, when the young growths,
which should have been thinned of the weakest by
cutting them clean away at the stem, have attained a
half-ripened condition, the stock and shoots are
mounded over, the shoots being covered with mould to
a depth of 6 or S inches from their bases. This mound
ought to be made without precipitous sides, and
should be rounded or flattisb above. Owing
to its being elevated over the general level,
and also to its being kept in a moist state,
by occasional watering in dry weather the shoots
rapidly form roots. These can either be taken off in
the autumn and lined out to gain strength by a sea-
ton's growth, previous to' planting in the quarters
where they are to be grafted or budded ; or if they
should be weak, left on the stool for another summer.
The first method is the better one, il the roots are in
proportion to the height and strength of the shoots.
Two or three year old i.iuince shoots that are fre-
quently found growing from the base of old trees, can
likewise come under the same treatment as regards
mounding up; but I he rcoting will not take place,
e.\CEpl under favouraVle conditions, in less than two
seasons. But then p good-sized plant is obtained by
this method, which may be worked or grown on after
severance from the parent tree. The Quince should
be more commonly grown, as it is usually an abundant
bearer in southern shires, making a toothsome marma-
lade and jelly, as well as a llavouring ingredient in
Apple and other pasties. The tree is also a pretty
object when in bloom, and can be planted with advan-
tage in the pleasure i-',round. X,

The 'Vine : Influence of Slock on Scion. —
Without in any way wishing to restate well known
facts, or to detract from anything previously written,
I think the question may be fairly asked. What
variety, when employed as a stock, produces the least
variable results in the character of the Iruit of a second
variety when used as a scion ;■ To this I think there
can be but one reply if the answer is based upon well

founded experience, viz., Black Hamburgh j but this
remark is not intended to imply that that variety
when employed as a stock never does or will alter
the characteristics of any other variety. I do not
myself know of a single case tending in this direction,
still there may have been some, and if any of your
readers are acquainted with any, may I ask them
kindly to record the fact in your columns, and at the
same time to give the name of the variety so altered i
Muscat of Alexandria is also a variety which may as
a rule be depended upon when employed as a stock,
indeed many regard it as being equally good as the
first-named. All strong, as well as weak constitu-
tioned varieties, are very unreliable when used only
as a stock for some other kind to grow upon, and are
best left alone for such a purpose. J //.

Tomatos. — A friend in the States sent Mr.
Brighton, the gardener at Mount Edgcumbe, a collec-
tion of forty varieties of T®matos. These he has been
growing on wire netting, in the early vineries,
liathaway's Excelsior and Vick's Criterion seemed
to be as good as any of the red varieties. The fruit
of Criterion were finer and deeper in colour than it
usually is ; perhaps it has deteriorated in England.
The same verdict is pronounceable upon those growing
out-of-doors and fripening to perfection early in Sep-
tember. Of the pale varieties, Green Gage and a
variety which I think is not in English nurserymen's
lists, called White Apple, are far and away the best.
This latter bears its fruits in very large clusters some-
what like a bunch of Muscadine Grapes. It is medium
sized and of a most delicious and taste aftertaste.
Growers would do well to get seed now and again
direct from America, and should certainly try Living-
stone's Prohlic, a most popular variety round the
" Hub of the 'World." C. A. M. C.

Hot-water Pipes.— Having for a number of
years studied the question of economically heating
incu'oators and chambers for hatching germs, I have
been obliged to give a great deal of attention to the
subject of boilers and hot-water pipes. The expe-
rience gained was always in favour of a reduction of
the quantity of water, and an increase of heating
surface. Working on in this direction I arrived at
the result of a half annular pipe instead of the usual
system of annular piping. These half annular or

Half-annular. Annular.

^

A

"crescent" pipes, as I have called them, are some-
what on the principle of a saddle boiler, and the small
heating apparatus which I have as yet constructed on
this principle have fulfilled my most sanguine expec-
tations. A 7-feet length of ordinary 6-inch annular
piping contains 8^ gallons of water, whereas my
crescent pipes, same length and same heating surface,
contain only 5 pints of water. The obvious economy of
heating power is a great gain, as it enables me to make
heating apparatus'sufficiently powerful for any small-
sized greenhouse ; this can be worked by an oil lamp,
costing fronigy. to \s. 6d. perweek, according tonumber
and length of pipes. So many amateur gardeners
object to the trouble attendant upon coke or coal
furnaces that I get constantly asked for such a heat-
ing apparatus. Again, the action of the heat is so
rapid that no time is lost, and the quantity of water
required to be heated is, as before described, very
small in proportion compared to that necessary for
heating an annular pipe- Another advantage to be
gained by these pipes is that at the unions the pipes
can be reversed, and they form excelle-t evaporating
tanks for water where moisture is required. I may
say that it is the opinion of manufacturers experienced
in hot-water piping that this form is very likely to
become general, in hothouses at any rate. Lengths
of these can easily be inserted with the ordinary
circular pipes. Thos. Chrisly.

Tomatos in the Open Air (Gttri^t'/itjf's' ChyonicU^
'..'ct. 25, p. SjO). — It is our practice annually to sow
our Tomato trials at Tooting when sowing Beet —
that is, in May — and in due course to thin out, and when
the fruit is set we cut out the leading shoots and lateral
growth, then support the plants with stakes. When
the fruit has attained sufficient size gather and spread
out on a spare light, and over the fruit another spare
light, and as the Tomatos change colour use. We do
not remember on any one year failing to have a good
crop ; we may further add no trouble has ever on
any one occasion been taken to select a favourable
aspect. Burr 6^ ^on.

Gumming Roses. — At our last show a case of
gumming Koses was discovered, and after the exhi-
bitor had prevaricated and then confessed, he was
unanimously disqualified. Afterwards, at his earnest
solicilation, it was resolved to obtain an opinion from
the National Rose Society, and to reconsider the
resolution of disqualification if necessary. In order
that this position shall appear quite clear the con-

cluding paragraph of the case sent by us is given .—
" The committee of the National Rose Society are,
therefore, asked their opinion upon the practice of
gumming, and to give it their ctlicial a|iproval or
condemnation.'' To our utter astonishment, af c\
waiting some months, we received from the hon.
secretary a "decision" that the exhibitor was not
disqualified, and that the medals had been sent to him.
To this treatment the committee decidedly object, and
have protested. Until this time we had thought
the National Society represented 'the English
rosarians, but this extraordinary action led
us to doubt whether it was reaily a represen-
tative body. We therefore addressed a letter
to about thirty of the leading Rose growers in Eng-
land, and are not a little pleased to find that they
strongly condemn the practice and award disqualifi-
cation as the punishment, exactly as we did, and
exactlyas theNational RoseSocietydidnot do. As this
is by no means an unimportant question, perhaps you
will find room for a few of the opinions we have
received :^

Messrs. Cranston tV Co., Hereford. — " Gumming
Roses for exhibition is decidedly illegal, and would not
be tolerated by our National Rose .Society. .Any person
found guilty of such a dishonourable practice should be
excluded from exhibiting at any future shows."

Mr. Bruce Findlay, Royal Botanic Gardens, Man-
chester.— " 1 have to say that 1 consider such a proceed-
ing altogether unsound, and if we found out any
person guilty of such a practice he would not be allowed
to exhibit again at our exhibitions, and I should be
inclined to label him a trickster."

[Then follow letters to the same effect from several of
our leading Rose growers. J This chorus of approval
of what we have done, by gentlemen of " light and
leading " in the Rose v.'orld, reads queerly enough by
the side of the uncalled for " decision " given by the
National Rose Society. However, it our action and
the opinions we have elicited result in producing a
heahhier understanding upon the subject, our labour
will not have been in vain. Pending other proceed-
ings, the holder of the medals is welcome to any
" honour " or gratification to which their temporary
possession may entitle him. For ourselves we have
to say that we have disqualified him for ever, and
have severed our connection with the Society which
sustains him in his highly questionable claim and
sanctions his more than questionable conduct. A,
Johnson^ Hon. Sec, Leek Rose Society^ Oct, 28.

Anent Apples, — At Mount Edgcumbe, where
the kitchen garden, in the form of a series of walled-
in rectangles, occupies the sides and bed of a valley,
there is this season an abundant supply of Apples,
Imprimis, the Ingestres were abundant, and first-
rate in quality for early Apples. Lord Burleigh and
Cornish Gilliflower, generally very shy bearers, do
not bear that imputation there. How easy it would
be to rhapsodise on the taste of the Cornish
" Sauvageon." Two favourite varieties and enormous
bearers are Smith's Pippin and Monster Pippin. The
Ribstons get spotted, but not so Cox's Orange. The
unnaturally large size of the fruit of the latter would
open even Mr. Haycock's eyes. This short note is in
tended to point themoral that [some] valleys make good
orchard grounds, especially now-a-days. C, A. M, C.

Onions. — If an unsavoury vegetable tosome people,
at least the Onion is both wholesome and popular. If
any one could succeed in raising a kind that was at
once devoid of those distressing effects upon the eyes
of cook-maids, and of even more objectionable eflects
upon the breath of those who have consumed theui,
we should no doubt find the Onion to possess a
wondrous popularity. Perchance were these un-
pleasant characteristics eliminated the value of the
Onion as a flavouring vegetable might be very
materially deteriorated, and hence we should gain
little and lose much. It is a common jest with a
working man that because he has a raw onion with
his bread and cheese, he is a partaker of a hot dinner.
Happy indeed are those whose lot, if hard, yet enables
them to regard their lack of luxuries in so philosophi-
cal a spirit. We hear there are few in more polished
circles of society who would care to flavour a
moderate meal with a raw Onion ; even the mildest
of Tripolis or Roccas will leave behind the true
Onion smell, and a very nasty one it is. Breath com-
posed chiefly of alcohol and stale nicotine, highly
flavoured with Onion, is about the most obnoxious
compound ever exhaled from the mouth of man.
But even epicureans who are not of the most fastidious
order will admit that Cucumber sliced thin and
assisted with pepper, salt, and vinegar, if a rather dys-
peptical dish is not rendered more so if associated with
thinly sliced Tripoli Onion. Without doubt the
Onion adds some additional piquancy to the dish,
and a little compromises the indigestible nature of the
Cucumber. On the other hand the stimulating com-
pounds do materially compromise the ellluvia of
rather let us say aroma of the Onion, hence the com-
bination is not utterly bad, even if it be not absolutely
good. But baked and stewed Onions are grand

NOVSMBER 1, 1884.)

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

567

dishes for those who like them, succulent,
pleasant and wholesome. The greater heat h.is
abstracted ihe natural heat of the veeetablc, and wi'.h
that has gone I'l? rerfMme, whilst the wholesome and
nutritive properties reiiutiu. Bi^ Onions stew and
bake well, and if served up with condimenis and
melted bullet ihey are not to be cried over, and
certainly may not be sneezed at. There is a pro-
verbial fondness for S^ge and Onions, if only stutlcd
into the body of a certain carcase of bone and skin
called g n);c, and Ihence done to a turn by proper
roasting and baslin.^ with fat. A popular error is
ihat the Sage and Onions constitute slutting or llavour-
ing fur the goose, real experience shows that the
{^oosc simply helps to flavour the slutting, which is
after all aljout the only edible portion of the roa?t.
Onions sliced and fried wiih calfs liver or other
strong meals peed the stomoch of an rgre to
thoroughly render justice to. Siill if this be so
there must be many ogres walking our earth for the
dish after all linds high favour in many quarters. To
descend to plain matter of fact, the Onion is really
moit favoured as a flavouring vegetable, whether in
soup?, broths, stufting, stews, or other food com-
pounds, and in many and various ways is so largely
employed that it is in great request and fnrms an
important and, we trust, a very profitable article of
commerce. Even yet there remains one very favourite
use for Onions, and that is as picklers. Only those
familiar with the trade are aware of the immense quan-
tity that is in this country annually grown for this
special purpose. Pickled in salt they are afterwards
scalded with boiling vinegar flavoured with spices and
then bottled for home and foreign consumption.
Tickled Onions proverbially assist the English
husband to dine or sup sumptuously upon
his national dish — cold mutton. This description
of meat forms our staple article at the dinner-
table, and for that reason there is ever an
abundance of it cold in the larder. English cookery
is of so crude a kind that we know of but one later
method of serving up the mutton warm, and that is
in the form of hash — liberally a hash ; and as that may,
indeed does become somewhat monotonous to both
bachelors and Benedicts, and to serve the mutton up
cold is so simple and easy, the welcome pickled Onion
helps to give to the otherwise dry and non*temptipg
meat a savoury adjunct. Hence the enormous con-
sumption of pickles in this countr)'. Gardeners as a
rule entertain the opinion that the best, and, indeed,
only tit sort of Onion for pickling is the little Silver-
skin. The great pickling houses, however, are of
ditterent opinion, and go for the white Spanish or
Reading, the bulbs being so grown that they never
exceed the usual Silver-skin size. These popular
kinds would produce thrice the quantity on a given
area that the Silver-skin will. Something might have
been said, too, about the uses of Onions when in a
young state, for vast quantities of these go into market
both in spring and autumn, though most largely in
the early season. Though still then full of the
peculiar flavour of its kind, eaten with Lettuces and
other salads, and with the usual condiments, these
young plants find exceeding favour, as our market
growers know to their profit. It will thus be seen
that the uses of the Onion are many, that it
has more than one season of such usefulness,
that it is in many ways a wholesome and valu-
able vegetable, and may be found amongst other
features of interest to possess in a large degree
elements of beauty that all may dlscein when the
pickled bu'bs contend for prizes on the exhibir
lion table. As ordinary nomenclature goes, it is not at
all difficult to make a dozen kinds, so-called, out of
one standard sort, for which with Exhibitions, Im-
proved, Heros, and other pet appellations, a really
good seleclion of White Spanish or Reading has to do
heavy duty. Still we have some very distinctive
kinds in cultivation, apart even from the huge Italian
kinds, the which no doubt find exceeding favour with
those who love big 'uns — a weakness that certainly
does not limit itself to Onions only. The Pinesfield
has the merit of being a very fine, handsome, keeping
Union, flat, rounded, large, and having a darkish
brown skin. Rousham Park is so far perhaps the
finest selection yet seen of the Spanish type, though
perhaps its examples owe something to superior culti-
vation. Cranston's Excelsior is a little known variety
that much resembles a once famous kind, James'
Keeping, but is larger and perhaps rather less pointed.
I'^th these kinds rank amongst our best keepers, and
that is an excellent feature. Bedfordshire Champion
is another solid kind that hia a high reputation in the
county which gives it ito name. Naseby Mammoth,
Nuneham Park, Banbury, all come out of the White
Spanish family ; and Danvers' Yellow, though
assumed to be a distinct kind, yet needs much looking
at ere the distinctive features are found. The Blood
Red finds little favour amongst cultivators, but it is a
solid keeping kind, and useful in times of scarcity.
The Haeen and the White Naples are useful as early
ripening kinds. There can be little doubt, however,
that the White Spanish still remains the most popular
and most largely cultivated of any kind of Onion in
the kingdom. A.

Royal Horticultural : Fkuit Show, Oitohcr
2S, 29, (:;;</ 30. — Ttiis, the last of the big shows of
I^S4 at these gardens, closed the season therewith
great auU^ as the exhibited fruits were not only
numerous, but were generally of great excellence,
especially lliose which came trom our southern and
south-eastern counties. The northern, midland, and
Scottish exhibits were not many, still, some good
things were to be observed amongst them. It wns
thought by many who had seen the immense con-
course of Apples last autumn at Chiswick that this
last show of this fruit was even more attractive than
ihat, owing to the fineness of the samples, which in a
manner counterbalanced the comparative paucity of
numbers. At the Congress fruits had been sent with
the object <:\^ getting the nomenclature settled, hence
the specimens could not in all cases be selected from
fine or from what may be called exhibition fruit.

Several of our well known nurserymen contributed
capital displays of fruits of their own growing,
gathered, in the majority of instances, from young
trees, in the nursery quarters, and therefore not get-
ting more attention in the matter of culture than the
bulk of the trees, or rather bushes — an undeniable
argument against allowing old orchard trees to
encumber the ground.

Collections. — For the best collection of Apples,
not exceeding IO& varieties, open to nurserymen
only. — 1st, Messrs. Lane & Son, Great Berk-
hamstead. In this first-class lot were particularly
fine examples of Mere de Menage, Lord Gros-
venor, Warner's King, Frogmore Prolific, Emperor
Alexander, Stirling Castle, Lady Henniker, Peas-
good's Nonsuch, Ecklinville Pippin, Grenadier,
Blenheim Orange, Oueen Caroline, Cheshunt Hybrid,
Fearn's Pippin, and Dutch Mignonne. 2d, Messrs.
G. & J. Lane, St. Mary's Cray, Kent — a collection
but little behind the winner, and which contained
many kinds that quite failed to appear in any other —
Hoary Morning, Loan's Pearmain, Maynard's Bearer,
Saville's Seedling, Royal Codlin, New England
Winter Queening, Colonel Vaughan, being amongst
their best fruits. The 3d prize fell to Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Co., Maidstone. In this class Messrs.
Rivers & Son, Wheeler & Sons, and Cheal & Sons,
showed good collections.

■ Amateurs' Classes. — In the amateurs' class for
the best fifty Apples, dessert and culinary, 1st,
Mr. C. Haycock, gr. to Roger Leigh, Esq.,
Barham Court, Kent, who showed some of the
best looking fruit in the show — some of these
being Calville Rouge, a showy, crimson, sure crop-
ping kind ; Beauty of Kent, Belle du Bois, Melon,
Reinette de Caux, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Cornish
Aromatic, Han well Souring, Dumelow's Seedling,
Blenheim Orange, Dr. Hogg, Pine Golden Pippin,
and Belle Josephine. 2d, Mr. Ford, gr. to W.
E. Hubbard, Esq., Leonard's Lee, Sussex, who
showed also a well grown lot of fruits, the sorts —
Hoary Morning, Wadhurst Pippin, Norfolk Beaufin,
and Alfriston— being amongst some of the best, Mr.
Goldsmith, The Gardens, Holianden, Tonbridge,
was 3d — Warner's King, Blenheim Orange. Josephine,
Catshead, Lord Derby, and Mere de Menage being
some of his best dishes. Mr. Evans gr.i Lythco Hill ;
Mr. A. Waterman, gr., Preston Hall ; and Mr. Gil-
mour, gr., Seacox Heathy all showed in this class.
The only winner of a prize for fruits out of northern
and midland counties was Mr. J. H. Goodacre, gr. to
the Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle, Derbyshire,
who obtained a 1st prize for a nice collection for that
part of the country, many of which were remarkable
for high colouring and size. Scotland also was
awarded one prize, that went to Mr. W. King,
Dalzell's Gardens, Motherwell, the fruits in most
instances being small and misshapen— an evidence of
unsuitability ot the sorts to the climate.

Foreign Apples. — The class for fruits from
France and the Channel Islands contained no entry,
but of American exhibits thsre were several, sent
by Mr. J. B. Thomas, of Covent Garden,
London, and by the Nova Scotian Packing Com-
pany's agents, Messrs. Nortbard iS: Lowe, Cotton's
Wharf, London. These consisted of a few kinds now
in season, viz. King of Tomkias County, Graven-
stein, Ribston, Pinnock, Red Baldwm, &c.

Not for competition were about 100 dishes of well-
grown kinds of Apples from Messrs. J. Veitch &: Son>,
Chelsea ; thirty-six dishes of Apples from Messrs. W.
Paul tS: Son, Waltham Cross; and five dishes of the
same fruit from Mr. T. Ford,

Cooking Apples. — For the best twelve varieties
of culinary Apples, Mr. Charles Haycock, gr. to
Roger Leigh, Eeq., Barham Court, Tunbridge
Wells, was 1st, he having the following sorts in
his collection :— Mere de Menage, Belle Dubois,
Keinette, Tres Tardive, Warner's King, Lord Derby,

Reinette du Canada, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Blenheim
Orange, Dumelow's Seedling, Dr. Harvey, Stone's
Apple, and Bedfordshire Foundling— all nicely
finished, clean fruit. Mr. Ross, gr. to (,'. Eyre,
l\sq., Welford Park, Newbury, was 2d : his collec-
tion contained the following :— Mere de Menage,
Lord Derby, Brabant Bellclleur, Stirling Castle,
Warner's King, Tower of Glamis, Blenheim Orange,
and Waltham Abbey Seedling. Mr. Goldsmith,
gr., Holianden, Tonbridge, was 3d. In the
class for six culinary kinds llicre were nine
entries of high meri!, so much so that Ihe judges
awarded an extra prize : Mr. C. Ross, gr, to C.
I'yre, Esq., was 1st; Mr. C. Haycock, gr. to
Roger Leigh, Esq., 2d ; Mr. J. Goschen, llawkhurst,
and Mr. J. Walker, Thane, Oxon, extra. In Mr.
Ross', were M6re de Mcnnge. Brabant Belle fleur,
Blenheim Orange, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Lane's Prince
Albert, and Annie Elizabeth ; in Mr. Haycock's,
Lord Derby, Belle du Bois, Blenheim Orange, Mtre
de Mtnage, Reinette de Caux, and Reinette Ju
Canada ; in Mr. Goschen's, Striped Beaufin, Warner's
King, \Valtham Abbey Seedling, lloary Morning,
Bedfordshire Foundling, and Blenheim Orange ; and
in Mr. Walker's, Catshead, Mere de Menage, Hoary
Morning, Blenheim Orange, Cellini, and Hanwell
Souring.

Dessert Apples, — For the best collection of
twelve varieties of dessert Apples Mr. Rutland,
gr. to the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, was
1st, the sorts being Scarlet Pearmain, Ribston
I'ippin, Penninton's Seedling, Lewis' Incomparable,
Cockle Pippin, Adams' Pearmain, Melon Apple,
Nannie, Cox's Orange Pippin, Yellow Ingestre,
Nonpareil Golden Russet, and King of the Pip-
pins. Mr. Haycock was awarded the 2d prize.
In this collection were fine fruits of Cox's Orange
Pippin, Melon Apple, King of the Pippins, White
Nonpareil, Brownlee's Russet, Ribston Pippin,
Mother Apple, Cornish Aromatic, Robs' Nonpareil,
Margil, Reinette Franche, and Cornish Gillyflower ;
3d, Mr. Ross — Northern Spy, Blenheim Orange,
Scarlet Admirable, Crimson (Queening, King of the
Pippins, Gravenstein, Cox's Orange Pippin, and
W^elford Park Nonsuch being his best speci-
mens. Mr. Ford's lot contained fine examples
of Winter Pearmain, Blenheim Orange, Cox's
Orange Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, ( iolden Rein-
ette, Ribston Pippin, and Cornish Gillyflower.
For the best six varieties of dessert Apples, Mi.
Goldsmith, gr. to P. C. Hardwick, Esq., was 1st,
his kinds being Blenheim Orange, Ribston Pippin,
King of Pippins, Fearn's Pippin, Cox's Orange
Pippin, and Scarlet Nonpareil. Mr. Haycock was 2d,
his Cox's Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and Mother
Apple being very superior fruits ; Mr. Rutland
was 3d, the varieties Adam's Pearmain, Cockle
Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Cox's Orange, and King of
the Pippins being the best. There were for this
competition thirteen collections in all.

For the heaviest Apple, six to be shown, Mr. \,
Rutland, gr. to the Duke of Richmond and Gordon,
1st, with Gloria Mundi, 7 lb. ; Mr. J. Walker, Thame,
Oxon, 2d, with Mure de Munage, 6! lb. ; Mr. 1.
Fincham, Nacton House, near Ipswich, 3d, wiih
Warner's King, 6 lb. 2 oz. Amongst other varieties
Blenheim Orange was exhibited in tine condition by
Mr. Evans, gr. to J. S. Hodgson, Esq , Lythe Hall,
Haslemere.

For the best flavoured Apple, six fruits to be
shown, Mr. A. Waterman, gr. to Hon. H. A,
Brassey, was ist, with Cox's Orange Pippin ; Mr.
Haycock was 2d, with Cox's Orange Pippin ; Mr. S.
Ford 3d, with Ribston Pippin. In this class it was
interesting to note that of the eighteen dishes six were
Cox's Orange Pippin, five Ribston Pippin, and two
Margil.

Pears. — Forthe best six dishes of PearsMr. Haycock
was 1st, with splendid Pitmaston Duchess, Duchesse
d'Angouleme, Doyenni; du Comicc, General Todtle
ben. Passe Crassane, Conseiller de la Cour ; Mr.
(joldsmith 2d, his Beurru Diel, Doyenne du Cornice,
Beurre Superfin, Conseiller de la Cour, Beurr-
Hardy, being fine fruit. Mr. F. Rutland was 3d.

F'or the best six Ouinces. — 1st, Mr. G. W, Cum-
mings, gr, to A. H. Smee, The Grange, Wallington ;
2d, Mr. S. Ford ; 3d, Mr. C. Ross.

Mr. E. M. Nelson, Hanger Hill House, Ealing, re-
ceived a 1st prize for the only dish of Medlars shown.

Mr. C. D. Lee, Aylesbury, was 1st for a collection of
Filberts ; H. Lane & ^^onsj Berkhamstead, were 2d.

Miscellaneous E\ dibits. —Mr. C, Ross wa^
justly placed 1st with three splendid Smooth Cayenne
Pines, which weighed respectively S lb. 12.^ oz,, 7 lb.
3 oz., and 6 lb. 15 oz.— Mr. A. S. Smith, Silvermere,
Cobham, being 2d, with two bunches of Lady
Downe's, two bunches of Mrs. Pince's (grown in
house without heat), one dish of Beurre de Clair-
geau Pears, and a dish of Blenheim Orange Apple.
A very good lot of outdoor Grapes was exhibited by
A. G. R. Trendale, Esq., 10, Coburg Place, Bays-
water ; also a good stand of Gladiolus from
Alex. E. Campbell, nurserynian, Gourock, N.B,

568

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-

[November i, 1884.

Vegetables. — These, having some nineteen
classes devoted to them, naturally proved a strong
feature of the show, and were of their kinds hardly less
meritorious than were the Apples. That most of the
classes called for single dishes only rather added to
the interest of the competition, as the prizes were thus
distributed over a larger area. Gourds in variety
came 1st in the list of classes, and of large or un-
limited collections there were but two, the most
extensive one, which was placed 1st, coming from
Mr. C. Osman, South Metropolitan Schools, Sutton,
who had numerous fruits of not a large number of
kinds, and most of these were small and devoid of
beauty. The 2d prize lot came from Mr. Glen, gr.
to Mrs. Montefiorc, Worth Park, Crawley, Sussex,
and if less extensive was not less varied in sorts, the
samples being rather finer and better coloured. In
the class for ten kinds Mr. Glen was 1st, having
handsome and prettily marked samples of the mottled
green and white custard, pear-shaped, warted, green
and white rounds, and other forms. Mr. W. D.
Cochrane, Fortune's Green, Ilampstead, was 2d,
having kinds legibly and correctly named, including
a gigantic Mammoth Pepo, weighing about 140 lb.;
the pretty Turk's-cap, the curious bicolor or half-
yellow half green Striata, or striped Pear, and other
pleasing kinds. Mr. Osman here came 3d. The
class for the largest specimen brought fine
monsters of a total weight of hardly less than a quarter
of a ton, and presenting material enough for making
myriads of pies. The biggest, a huge Pepo, some-
what top-shaped, weighed 1561b., and came from
Mr. Cochrane ; whilst another gigantic fellow,
hardly less large, though more rounded in form,
came from Mr. J. Brooks, Melrose Cottage, Forest
Hill, and was placed 2d — Mr. John Marter,
Acton Green, coming 3d, with a fine netted round
kind.

There were eleven lots of Celery shown, each lot in-
cluding six sticks ; curiously enough, of these only one
was a white kind. A fine clean sample of the London
Market Red, put up in a flat bunch, as is the market
rule, and sent by Mr. J. B. Thomas, Covent Garden
Market, came 1st ; Mr. J. Marriott, Skirbeck, Bos-
ton, coming next, with good sticks of Leicester Red ;
and Mr. J. H. Richards, Somerly Park, Hants, was
3d, with smaller but clean sticks of the same variety.
Sajsafy and Scorzonera, six roots of each, did not
make an attractive class, but the samples were excel-
lent, the best coming from Mr. J. Neighbour, Bickley
Park, Kent ; and the 2d and 3d best lots came from
Mr. C. Ross, Welford Park Gardens, and Mr. Good-
acre respectively.

There were eight lots of Parsnips, in sixes, shown,
all the samples being fine, clean, and good. Mr.
Haycock told plainly as to the fertile nature of his
Barham soil by staging superb samples of the Hollow
Crown, some 24 inches in length, tapering and hand-
some. Mr. J. Bloxham, gr. to Sir Phillip Duncombe,
Bart., Bletchley, was 2d, with fine Student ; and
Mr, W. Meads, Beckett Park, Shrivenham, was 3d,
with the same kind.

Carrots were well represented by fifteen bunches,
nearly all the samples being Scarlet Intermediate.
The best, a very handsome lot, though show-
ing evidences of previous hard work, came from
Mr. Davis, gr. to the Rev. H. Arkwright, Boden-
ham Vicarage, Leominster ; Mr. W. Starke, gr. to
the Earl of Ellesmere, Brackley, Northampton, was
2d ; and Mr. Thomas came 3d, with a genuine
market bunch, most of the roots having been rather
hard pared in places.

There were also fifteen lots of six Turnips in
bunches, the best — Whitestone, very even and hand-
some—coming from Mr. Waterman, Preston Hall
Gardens, Aylesford ; Mr. Bloxham having the 2d
best lot, and Mr. W. Mead the 3d, both with the
same kind.

Collections of Onions were instructive, as showing
how little difference there is in some kinds : really, it
is remarkable what powerful vision some persons must
possess to discover the difference. This apparent simi-
larity is, of course, most found in the White Spanish or
Reading type. Mr. Wingrove, gr. to R. N. Byass,
Esq., Rousham Park, Oxon, was 1st, with a
neat lot of fine bulbs, that included Rousham
Park Hero, Walker's Improved, and White Spanish,
all much alike, also Sutton's Reading, and
Nuneham Park, Finlay's " The Wroxton," Mag-
num Bonum, both fine egg-shaped Onions ; Cran-
ston's Excelsior, somewhat resembling them in form ;
Flat Tripoli, and others. Mr. Haycock came 2d
with good Rocca, Globe Tripoli, Blood-red, Bed-
fordshire Champion, Deptford ; Mr. J. Gold-
smith, Hollanden Gardens, was 3d, his collection in-
cluding Rousham and Nuneham Park, Reading
Improved, closely resembling the others ; and some
smaller but useful kinds. In the single dish class
Mr. Goldsmith showed a dish of fine Spanish type
named Hollanden Park Hero ; but that kind,
curiously enough, was not in his collection. Here
Mr. Wingrove was a good 1st, with grand handsome
bulbs of Rousham Park Hero ; Mr. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens, coming 2d with that fine and distinct
Onion Cain's Pinesfield, much browner than any other

form ; and Mr. J. Roberts, The Gardens, Gunnersbury
Park, was 3d with very fine Giant Rocca.

One lot only of four heads of Cardoons was staged ;
these, some 3lfeet in length and proportionally stout
and finely blanched, came from Mr. C. Osman, and
worthily took the 1st prize. Brussels Sprouts on
stems or rather plants were not first-rate ; the best,
fairly straight stems, but the Sprouts not well clus-
tered, came from Mr. May, gr. to Captain Le Blanc,
Northam House, Barnet. Mr. Richards had the 2d
best in rather dumpy stems of Veitch's Exhibition, the
Sprouts rather too large ; and Mr. W. Starke was 3d,
with the Wroxton, that was as much like the pre-
ceding kind as two Peas.

Of three collections of Endive the best in six
sorts came from Mr. Richards, who had admirably
blanched Eraser's Broadleaved, and the Batavian,
DIgswell Prize, and Picpus, white, and green curled.
Mr. J. Neighbour was 2d with almost similar kinds,
and Mr. Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq.,
Hanger Hill, Ealing, was 3d with a collection of a
dozen kinds, but all badly blanched. Mr. Richards
was again 1st with three heads, having the Picpus,
admirably blanched ; Messrs. Neighbour and Hay-
cock coming 2d and 3d with Batavian. There was
but one collection of Beet in six assumed kinds,
the 2d prize being awarded ; but in the class for
three roots there were no less than twenty-nine
lots, though not a few were coarse, whilst really
none were of the best. Mr. Alfred Read came
1st with fairly good samples of Dewar's Northum-
berland, Mr. Mead following with Pragnell's Exhi-
bition, and Mr. Marriot was 3d with Carter's
Perfection.

Cauliflowers, chiefly Autumn Giant, were very fine,
some eleven lots of three heads being staged. The best,
of medium size and solid, were from Mr. Marriot ; Mr.
H. Woodward, Isleworth, coming next with fine solid
heads ; and 3d came Mr. Thomas, who had some
monsters, though still firm and good. Skirret failed
to put in an appearance, and indeed seemed to
be an enigma to most gardeners, but we may
mention that it is an old-fashioned root, not un-
like the Parsnip, and is grown and cooked in much
the same way. Mr. H. Deverill, Banbury, showed
some fifty-six bulbs of what was described as a new
Onion, though resembling a fine sample of Rousham
Park Hero, or others of that type. This kind was
raised by Mr. Neal, gr. to P. Southby, Esq., Bampton,
Oxon, being the product of a cross between the
Reading and imported White Spanish. The samples
were all very fine and handsome.

The judges were Mr. Woodbridge, Sion House ;
Mr. Denning, gr., Londesborough Lodge ; Mr. Breese,
gr., Petworth ; Mr. Miles, gr., Wycombe Abbey ; and
Mr. G. Bunyard, nurseryman, Maidstone.

Notts Horticultural and Botanical : Oct. 22. —
A successful meeting was held at the Mechanics' Insti-
tute, under the presidency of Professor Blake, from
the University College. Mr. C. L. Rothera, B.A.,
contributed a paper upon "Cross Fertilisation of
Plants by Insects," illustrating it by diagrams, a large
number of members being present. The display of
plants, fruits, and flowers was extremely good. Mr.
Anderson, Clifton Hall, brought fine examples of Pit-
maston Duchess Pear (two fruits weighing 3 lb.), dishes
of fine Blenheim Orange and White Transparent Apples ;
also a seedling white Grape, long and well shouldered,
the berries oval, possessing a decided brightness, with
a rich luscious flavour. The same exhibitor showed
a single striped Dahlia, the centre of the petal
orange, the outer segments a bright scarlet. Mr.
German, Malvern House, several Orchids, including
three plants of Oncidium prastextum alike in flower,
but bulbs and general appearance of growth very
dissimilar ; O. crispum, with two spikes of thirty
flowers each ; O. omithorrhynchum, well bloomed ;
a small piece of Cypripedium Spicerianum, with two
flowers : C. Harrisianum, a cut spike with two blooms
(is this usual ?) ; a pair of Pleione lagenaria, and fine
heads of Hedychium venustum. Messrs. Thacker,
Minerva House, St. Ann's Well Road ; Meadows, Rock
House, Basford ; Walker, Hardwick House, The Park ;
Edington, Woodthorpe Grange ; Massey, Mapperley
Hall, contributed choice collections of cut flowers. Mr.
Collins, Elm Bank, fair examples of Queen Pines ; and
the Messrs Pearson, Chilwell Nurseries, a choice collec-
tion of selected Apples, fine in form and colour. Votes
of thanks, which were accorded to Professor Blake and
Mr. C. L. Rothera, B.A., brought the proceedings to a
close. T. E.

TRADE MEMORANDUM.

Brompton County Court. — "Smith & Larke
V. W. Jackson. — The plaintiffs in this case were
Messrs. Smith & Larke, of Ashford Nursery, near
Staines, who sued the defendant, Mr. William Jackson,
of Blakedown Nursery, near Kidderminster, under a
judgment summons for the recovery of £1 2s, 6d. for
plants supplied in August, 1883. The defendant having
paid loj. into Court, pleaded inability to pay more, in
consequence of a long illness, but promised payment of
balance if time was allowed. Judgment : — Balance to
be paid in thirty days."

STATE OF 7HB WEATHER AT BLACKHBATH, LONDO^^
For the Week Ending Wednesday, October 29, 1884.

I

Temperature of
THE Air.

SB*
ag

d'"

In.

39.80
59.77
J9 43
2965
29.50
29.96

In.

-f 0.0454.0
-1-0.0852.0
■fo 05'S2'.5
— 0.29 53 5
—00752.5
—02360.0
+0 1351. 2

Mean 29.69—00453.7

:6.2

I

38.2 15.546.0

Hygrome-

tncal De-

ductions

from

Wind.

GIaisher'3

Tables 6th

Edition,

^ '3>.8

uc

Dew Poi
Degree

Sat. = I

si

— 49

— 2.6
+ I.
-I- o.
+ 4.0

— 34

4I.3, 83

In.

E.N,E.lo 00
0.00

O.OO

0.14

0.03
0.13
0.00

S.S.E.
W.;

N.W.
WNW

S.W.
W.NW.

Vari-
able.

0.39

Oct. 23.-
— 24.-

— 25.-

— 26..

-Dense fog in early morning. Very fine day and

ni^ht.
-Dense fog in early morning. Very fine day. Thin

fog at night.
-Denie fog in early morning. Dull day and night.
-Rough morning ; rain. Fine day and night ; very

windy.
-Very fine day and night ; rough wind. The

maximum temperature of this day took place at

midnight.
-Rain in morning. Dull day : rough wind. Fine

clear night.
-Very fine day ; slightly overcast at times. P'ine

clear night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 25, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 30. 39 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.27 inches by 3 P.M.
on the 19th, increased to 30.41 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 2ist, decreased to 30.26 inches by 3 P.M.,
increased to 30.33 inches by midnight on the same
day, decreased to 29.89 inches by 3 P.M. on the
23d, increased to 30,06 inches by midnight on the
24th, and was 29. SS inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.15 inches, being 0.05 inch lower than last
week, and 0.26 inch above the average of the week.

Temperaiure, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 60°, on the 19th, the highest
on the 24th was 52°. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 54**. 5.

The lowest temperature was 35', on the 24th ; on
the 19th the lowest temperature was 47**. 5. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 40**. 5.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
18", on |the 23d ; the smallest was 8°.5, on the
2 1st, The mean of the seven daily ranges was 14°.

The mean temperatures were — on October 19,
53°.9 ; on the 20th, 48° ; on the 21st, 47°.8 ; on the
22d, 49°.5 ; on the 23d, 45° ; on the 24th, 43° ; and
on the 25th, 44°. 9 ; of these the 19th and 22d were
above their averages by 4". 4 and o''.8, the rest were
below by i°.3, i°.2, 3°.3, 4°.9, and 2°.6 respec-
tively.

The mean temperature of the week was 47'*.4,
being 2''.9 lower than last week, and i''.2 below the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 107°, on the 22d. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 87°. 7-

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 2S°.5, on the 25th,
The mean of the seven readings was 34°.6.

Rain. — No rain fell during the week.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
October 25, the highest temperatures were 62" at
Truro, Bristol, Hull, and Leeds. The highest at
Bolton was 54". 3, at Shelifield 58°, at Liverpool
58''. 9. The general mean was 60°.

The lowest temperatures were 28°. 7 at Cam-
bridge, at Bristol 34°, at Wolverhampton 34".;; the
lowest at Plymouth was 43°.5, at Liverprol 42°. 2, at
Bradford 41". 4. The general mean was 38°.
' The greatest ranges were 31 ".3 at Cambridge,
28" at Bristol, 25°. I at Wolverhampton j the smallest
ranges were I3''.7 at Bolton, 16°. 3 at Plymouth, and
16". 7 at Liverpool. The general mean was 22°.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 60°, at Plymouth 58°. 3, at Cam-
bridge 56°. 7 ; and was lowest at Bolton, ^l".^, ^^
Sheffield 53°, and at Liverpool and Bradford 54°,
The general mean was 55°.3.

November i, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

569

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 4$°. i, at Plymouth 47°. i, at Liver-
pool 46^.7 ; and was lowest at Cambridge, 39°. 2, at
Blackheath 40°.5, and at Wolverhampton 41°. 2. The
general mean was 43^.7.

The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge,
1 7°. 5, at Bristol and Blackheath 14°; and was least
at Bolton 7°, at Liverpool 7°. 4. and at Sheffield
S°.2. The general mean was 11°. 6.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro,
53°, at Plymouth 5i°.S, at Sunderland 49''.7 ; and
was lowest at Wolverhampton 46°. S, at Cambridge
47^. I, and at Blackheath and Bolton 47''.4. The
general mean was 4S°.6.

Kain. — The largest falls were 0.29 inch at Bolton,
o. iS inch at Wolverhampton, 0.16 iuch at Truro ;
the smallest falls were o.oi inch at Plymouth and
Nottingham. The general mean fall was o.oS inch.
No rain fell at Bristol, Blackheath, Bradford, 01
Leeds.

Scotland : Tcmperaiun. — During the week end-
ing October 25 the highest temperature was 60°. 4,
at Aberdeen ; at Dundee the highest was 55°.8. The
general mean was 58^.1.

The lowest temperature in the week was 35°. I, at
Aberdeen ; at Leith the lowest temperature was
42°. 7. The general mean was 39". 6.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
50°.9, and lowest at Dundee, 4S°.6. The general
mean was 49*. 9.

Rain. — The largest fall was i 39 inch, at Greenock,
and the smallest fall was o.oi inch, at Edinburgh
and Leith. No rain fell at Glasgow or Dundee. The
general mean fall was 0.2S inch.

lAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

^nrjuiries.

" He thai qutitioneik much shall learn much." — Bacon.

Clematis. — I shall leel obliged if any reader can
inform me of the names of twenty-five of the best and
most distinct varieties. A.

Answers to Correspondents.

Agave Americana : J. Page Could you send us par-
ticulars of height, length ot spike, size, age, &c. ?

Books on Ferns, Illustrated: A. Hilton. If on
British Ferns, Mr. Thomas Moore's Handbook ; and
for exotic Ferns Mr. John Smith's .fi/-//;j/i and Foreign
Ferns.

Cucumbers : C. B. Kitchen and Market Garden,
published at the Garden office, Southampton Street,
Strand.

Cyprii'ediums : R. Crossling. When plants have
branched flower-stems it may be taken as evidence ol
extra vigour.

Diseased Palm Leaves : F. E. I cannot offer any
explanation of these Palm leaves. When they are
held up to the light the patches are transparent. We
always take this as a proof of a leaf-boring larva, or
something of the sort. A fungus patch is generally
very opaque when held up to the light. If there is
such a thing as a minute leaf-boring larva, peculiar
to Palms, I should say it is that. IF. G. S.

Engravings : C. If you will look with a glass you will
see that there is no outline, the effect being produced
by gradations of shading. This is in accordance with
Nature, and for purely artistic purposes is desirable ;
but in cases where definition is required the outline is
essential.

Erratum. — Mr. G. F. Wermig writes to .^ay that his
name [is not written with an o, as was done in our
pages last week.

Godetia : J. S. Pronounce as if written Godeetia,

Hyacinth and Insects ; Pomologist. The minute,
white, glossy, globose mites on the diseased scales of
the bulb are the same as are tound commonly on
decayed vegetable matter. They seem only to have
attacked some portions of the outer scales, which may
have been injured. Dipping the bulbs in gas tar-
water, soapsuds, and quassia, would probably destroy
the miles — heat certainly will.

Market Garden Tenancy : W. S. You should
endeavour to come to some terms with the landlord
and the incoming tenant, If you cannot do this con-
sult a solicitor.

Mr. Bland's Address. — \i Anxious Inquirer \s'\\\ send
hisaddress, we will forward Mr. Bland's to him pri-
vately.

Names of Fruit : R. P. F. i, Yorkshire Greening ;
2, Ladies' Fmgers; 3, Northern Greening. — G. H.
Pears: I, Josephine de Malines ; 2, Napoleon; 3,
Passe Colmar ; 4, Glou Moryeau. Apples : 5, Scarlet
Nonpareil; 6, London Pippin ; 8, Court of Wick. —
Pomologist. I, Lord Derby ; 3, Rosemary Russet ;
4, Mannington's Pearmain ; 5, Gloria Mundi. — W.
Magee. Raisin de Calabre.

Names of Plants: D. C, Dundee. Phalaris canad-
ensis ; the Canary-grass grown in the Isle of Thanet
as bird-seed.— G. A. K. i. Plantago major; 2, Ra-
nunculus acris. We had fourpence to pay for your
pjjceU The weeds are pot c^uite so valuable. — J no.

Trotmau. ( juercus Phellos (the Willow-leaved Oak).
— C. W. Pyrus Aria. — H, A^ H. Phalaris arundi-
nacea.

National Auricula Society : Protest. We have
communicated witli the Secretary,

Okciiid Weevil: F. M. The little black beetles
bred in the stems of the Dendrobium are very similar
in size, colour, and general appearance to our English
weevil (Notaris acridulus) ; they differ from it, how-
ever, in several respects, and are most probably
exotics, and inhabitants of Brazil. We should be
glad to know the name and locality of the Orchid.

Red-i-lo\veked Chestnuts : II'". S. Bisset. Thcio
grow into fine round-headed trees, but do not reach
the great height the common Horse Chestnut docs.

Stka\vbekrv Plants Dying Off : John Forh's. We
found neither insects nor fungus to account for the
plants dying, but they appear to have been potted too
aeeply, and the crowns were much subdivided into a
number of small ones. May the plants have got too
[uuch water ? All Strawberries have not equally robust
constitutions, and the Vicomtesse may not be one of
the most vigorous.

Thistle-down : M. Doubtless the seed is carried by
the down, but only for a short distance. If you will
catch the next floating Thistle-down that comes in
your way you will find it without seed— a balloon with-
out its car. Since Mr. Bentham first drew attention to
this, some years since, we have taken every available
opportunity of examining these waifs and strays, and
never once have seen the seed attached except in the
near vicinity of the parent plant.

*»* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher,
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
ivrilten on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W, CuTBUSH & Son, Barnet and High gate— Stove and

Greenhouse Plants, Hardy Shrubs, &c.
Dickson & Co., Edinburgh— Forest Trees, Shrubs, &c.
Eugene Verdier fils ain^, 37, Rue Clisson, Gare

d'lvray, Paris — New Varieties of Roses.
J. Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen— Roses.
Samuel Bide, Farnham, Surrey — Coniferas, Hardy

Shrubs, Trees, &c.
Bruant, Poitiers— Trees and Shrubs ; Fruits.
Alexander E. Campbell, Cove Gardens, Gourock—

Gladioli,
R. & G. Cuthbert, Southwark— Roses, Fruit Trees,

&c.
Heienmann, Erfurt — Novelties in Plants.
T. Imrie & Sons, Ayr— Forest, Fruit, and Ornamental

Trees, Shrubs, &c.

Communications Received : — Cauliflower-fly from Faver-
^ha^l. — R. V. & Sons. — Apples from G. Busby, Bitterce,
Hants. — Diuo from T. Mills, Louehborough. — Apple seed-
line from W. D., Reigate.— W. P. (next week).— Pomologist.

— Ed. Tonks.— T. Haydon — A. Lyddiard. — Stuart & Mein.
—Thomas Tonge.— C. Plowright.— J. Whitton.— R. P.—
R. Eraser.— J. G. Baker.— H. T.— F. S.— John R. I.—
R. McK.-J. S.— W. M. G.~J. D.— T. T., Colorado.—
A. J.— Cornubia.— H. E.— W. E. B., Spyers Fund, jts re-
ceived.—T. C— H. Halcb (^t Gardeners' Benenolent, sent
to the Secretary.— Dr. M.—C. M. O.— C. T.— M. Ward—
M. Massange.— W. Ross.-J. S- K.— Dr. Brandis.— T. H. R.

— H. Correvon, Geneva. — A. Dubois, Paris. — Ugolino Mar-
delli, Florence.— R. Nixon, New Orleans.— H. C.

fcrhefs.

COVENT GARDEN, October 30.

No alteration. Large importation of Nova Scotia and
Canadian Apples at low prices. James Webber, Whole-
sale Apple Market,

Fruit.— AvHRAGH Wholesale Prices.

Apples, }4-sieve
Cobs, per 100 lb.
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case .
Melons, each

s.d. s.d.

16-40

. 60 0-62 6

. 06-40

21 o- ..
..16-30

s. d. s d.
Pine-apples. Eng.,Ib. 40-50
Peaches, per doz. .. 8 o-iz o
Pears, French, doz. 16-36
Pines, St. Michael's,
each . . ..30-60

Vegetables. — Avhrage Rktail Prices.

s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . . . 2 :>- 4 o

Beans, French, lb. o 6- .

Beet, per doz. ..10-.

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Carrots, per bun. ..06-,

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 10-26

Celery, per bundle.. 16-36

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, English, per
dozen . . . . i o- ,

Garlic, per lb. .,06-,

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04

Horse Radish, per
bundle .. ..30-40

PoTATOS. — Magnum Eonums, 40s. tojcs. ; Regents, 70J. to 90J.
per ton. Trade very quiet.

s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,

per dozen . . ..16-..

— Cos, each .. o z- ..
Marrows, each ,. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bushel . . 40- . .

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per dor, . . 16-..
Seakale, per punnet 26-..
Small saladiog, per

punnet . . ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 26-,,
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-10
Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

Cut Flowers.
s
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 3
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 3
C.irnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanlh., 12 bun. 3
— large, 12 blooms 2
Cyclamen, 12 blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bunches 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Forget-me-not, 12 bs. 2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes . . ..I

Heliotropes, 12 sp, .. o
Lapagena, white, la

blooms .. ..a

-Average Wholesale Prices
d. s. d.

Lapageria, red, 13

blooms .. ..I

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1

Pelargoniums, per 12

sprays .. .. o

— scarlet, 12 sprays o
Primula, double, bun. i
Roses (indoor), doz. 2

— (ouldoor), 12 bun. 12
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4
TropKolum, 12 bvm. i
Tuberoses, per doz. . i
Violets, 12 buD. . . I

— French, bunch., i

— Parme, Fr.. bun, 3
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 4
Whue Jasmine, per

bunch . . , , o

0-40
0-60
o- g o
6-20
9- 1 0
o- 6 o
0-20
o- 9 o
0-40
3-06
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-60

6-10

0-30

0-20
0-60
0-40

9-10
4-06
0-16
0-60
o- . ,

0-80

O- 3 O
0-16
0-16

o- I 6
c- 4 o
0-60

6-10

Plants in Pots.— Averagb Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.

Aralia Sieboldi, dor. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vit£e (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 o-t8 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Cbrysanth. , dozen .. 40-90
Cockicombs, doz. ,. 26-40
Coleus, various, doz. 30-90
Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena term. doz.. .30 0-60 o

— viridis, per doz,. 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 o-iS o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-34 o

s. d. t. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..40-180

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each ,, ..2 0-10 o

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 30-60

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-ia a

Palms in variety,
each .. .. 2 6-31 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen . . ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. 9 c-12 0

SEEDS.

Wednesday : October 29.— There was a somewhat
improved feeling on the market to-day as regards tield
seeds. There is a fair inquiry for fine samples of new
English red Clover seed. Rathe lower quotations are
received from America. A substantial advance in white
Clover must be noted. For grass seeds the sale is slow.
There is no animation in the trade for bird seeds.
Finest blue Peas are becoming exhausted. Tares aie
unchanged. Feeding Linseed is firm. John Shaw 6*
Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday both English and ioreign
Wheats were unsaleable in quantity except at cheaper
rates. The top price of town flour was reduced 2s., or
to 35^. per sack. Grinding descriptions of Barley were
fairly steady. Beans were unchanged in value, but new
Peas were offered at low rates, and the market was
quoted is. down. Maize was scarce and firm. Oats
were held for steady value, but the trade was slow.^
On Wednesday there was very little doing in either
Wheat or flour to try quotations, which remained nomi-
nally unaltered. Barley was dull. Beans and Peas
sold in retail quantity at previous rates. Oats met only
a moderate demand, but old corn was scarce and very
firm. Round Maize was quiet, but some retail quan-
tities of flat corn sold at irregular and fancy prices.^
Average prices of corn for the week ending Oct. 25 :^
Wheat, 32J. 4t/. ; Barley, 31J. gt/. ; Oats, i8i. iid. For
the corresponding period last year ; — Wheat, 4CJ. (}d. ;
Barley, 35^. ; Oats, igr. gt/.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday trade was rather
more cheerful than of late. Cattle realised firmer but
not quotably higher prices. English sheep sold at full
values ; Swedish calves realised our top quotation, Irish
selling at the lowest to rather over. Quotations :^
Beasts, 41. to jf, zd., and 5^. 6d. to 5^. lod. ; calves,
3i. ^d. to $s, lod ; sheep, 4s. 8d. to $s. 2d., and
5-r. jod. to 6s. 6d. — Thursday's trade was quiet and
steady. Both beasts and sheep realised full prices,
although the demand was quiet. Calves were fully as
dear as on Monday, and pigs were dull.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report states that trade
was very dull, especially for Clover, and hay supplies
firm. Quotations : — Prime Clover, 95J. to nor. ; in-
ferior, 60s. to 7S^-', prinie second cut, gos, to iioj. ;
prime hay, 80s. to 92J. ; inferior, 40s. to 655. ; and
straw, 28J. to 36^. per load. — The Cumberland Market
report states that there was a large supply of both
Clover and meadow hay, with exceedingly dull trade at
the prices stated, and not all sold. Quotations : —
Clover, best, gSs. to 108s. ; inferior, 50J. to 70J. ;
meadow hay, best, 80/. to 88s. ; inferior, 50J. to 70J. ;
and sir; uv, 28j'. to 34-f . per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that prices were steady for best samples, with fair
demand, and trade otherwise dull. Quotations : — Kent
Regents, 70J. to 8or. ; ditto kidneys, 60s. to yos. ;
Magnum Bonums, 50J. to 70J. ; Victorias, 70J. to 80s. ;
and Champions, 50J. to 60s. per ton.

COALS.

The prices realised at market during the week were
as follows :— East Wylam, 15s. 6d. ; Walls End — Tyne
(imscreened), lu. 3;/. ; Hctton, igj. ; Helton Lyons,
I7J-. ; Lambton, \8s. 6d. ; Wear, 17-r. ; Hartlepool, 18^.;
Hulam, lys. $(/. ; East Hartlepool, i8s. ^d. ; South
Hartlepool, lys. 3^. ; Tees, igr.

570

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVE>rBF.R I, 1S84.

CYCLAMEN SEED— 4 oz. for Sale from a
selected strain. Low cash price for the lot, or per ouDce,
not mixed.

GOWERS AND EMBERSON, Florists, Walthamstow.

HYBRID RHODODENDRONS, fine
plants, iK to 2 feet, all colours, 40J. per 100 ; Hardy
AZALEAS, 6ne bushy, set with buds, i to 2 feet, 40s. per ico ;
CAMELLIA STOCKS, fine strong, 3<JS. per joo.

W. JACKSON, BlakedowD, Kiddermin-ter.

Helleborus nlger-Chrlstmas Eose.

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, I'.randenburg on
• Hzvel, near Berlin, begs to offer strong Clumps of the
above at 8r. per rco, 70^. per 1000. Orders should be
addressed to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25. Savage Gardens,
London, E.C.

MALL PALMS.— A few hundred splendidly

groivn, healthy SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS and
LATANIA BORBONICA, iz inches high, nicely furnished,
25J. per 100, 41. per dozen.

The GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. N.

O BE SOLD, Cheap, iS fine GARDENIA

INTERMEDIA TREES, in i2-inch pots. Apply
J. W. SHEPHERD, ig. Waverley Street, Nottingham.

T

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Magnificent Home-
grown Bulbs. We are iti a position lo cffer the abive, of
such grand quality as h^s seldom been jeen, and difFerini;
altogether from ihe bulbs usiwUy imported from Japan, which
are always more or less depr-.cialed by being packed fjr so Ion,!
a time on the voyage. They are clean and plump to a de^Lre-i
which mu«t be seen to be fully understood. Sizes varying from
1054 to \i,\z inches in circum'^crence. We also offer a fine lot
of imported LIl.IUM AURATUM of first quality. Prices of
the above on application to

HURST AND SON, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.

FOR SALE, for want of space, two large
TREE FERNS, &c.
One DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, in large tub ; item fully
3 feet, height •]% feet, and about 7 feet across.

One ALSOPHILA AUSIKAI.IS, in large pot; stem
about 2 feet, height about 7 feet. The above were placed out-
of doors all summer, and fronds are a little discoloured.

One CLERODENDRON BALFOURII. Stands in pot
about 5 feet, and is trained balloon-shape.

One BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA. Stands in pot about
5 feet ; trained b.tUoon-shape.

To miike room I will sell the above at half iheit value. For
Price and further particulars apply to

E. J. JARMAN. The People's Seedsman, Chard.

pHARLES KERSHAW^ again offers his

VV EARLY PARAGON RHUBARb. The Trade will

oblige by inserting it in their forthcoming CATALOGUES, and

he will be pleased to quote lowest Trade prices on application.

The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse,

QNE HUND'rED THOUSAND Dwarf

^-^ ROSES, on Manetti, fine, 23.?. per ico, ^'lo loj. per
looo," 200.000 ASPARAGUS, Giant and Connover's, 2-yr., iojt.,
fine; 3-yr. very fine. 15J. ; 4-yr., extra, aos.— ail'at per icoo.
MANETTI STOCKS, strong, for immediate working, 30J. per
1000. Cash with all orders. The best money can buy.

R. LOCKE, Royal Rofe Farms, Red Hill. Surrey.

To tlie Trade.

TR O P /E O L U M S P E C I O S U M.
Seed Crop, 1684.
Price, very moderate, on application.
HOWDEN AND COMPANY. Inverness.

N

EW

PLANT AND BULB COMPANY

Colchester.
Special offer of NARCISSL
Special offer of IRIS.
Special offer of GLADIOLI.
Special offer of JAPANESE LILIES.
Large, plump, and in splendid conditiou.

EstabUshed 1860.
T V. REES (late Robert Parker), Hardy

'J • Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, DELPHINIUMS,
IRIS GERMANICA, PHLOXES, POTENTILLAS,
P.^ONIES, &c. Selections of loo showy varieties from 50J.
The finest collection of Aquatics in the country

Exotic Nursery, Tooting. SLirrey, S W,

Hyacinths, TuUps, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarkm, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE, Price Current of Dutch Bulbs,
now ready, which will be mailed free on application.

ENTAUREA"" CANDIdTsSIMA. —The

most beautiful of white foliaged bedding plants— easily
raised from seed, which is the cheape-t way to obtain a stock, \s.
per packet (about 10) seeds), 2j 6//. per packet (-diout 303 seeds).
HOOPER AND CO., Covem Garden. Londnn, W.C.

1) OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice
iJ Perpetuals sent on receipt cf remittance for 2i.», : pur-
chaser's selection from 303 be.st varieties. List of names ou
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards, iis.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

CCELOGYNE CRISTA TA ALBA. — The
New Snow-white Ccelogyne. One of the most lovely of
Orchids, Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and
Rare Plants, S36, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

FOR SALE, a large quantity of GOO.SE-
BERRY BUSHES. LANCASHIRE LAD. 3-year.c,ld,
jCs per 1000.— Apply to I. J. NOV, Market Gardener, Clay
Pond Road, Brentford, Middlesex.

For Sale.

LATANIA BORBONICA, 6 feet high
and 8 feet in diameter. A fine specimen in small Oak
tub. 18 inches hich, and same diameter. For particulars
apply to HORTUS, 34, Drapery, Norihampton.

ILY OF THE VALLEY. — Clumps fm-

forcing, the best ever cfiered, i8f. per dczen.
WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Fslablishment fnr New ai.-l
Rare Flacts, 536, Kiii^''s Road, Chelsea, Lcndun, S.W.

Fruit Trees, offered to tne Trade by

HUGH LOW AND CO.
APRICOTS, Dwarf Maiden, 6oj. per 100 ; £,f} \cs.
per I0O3.
,. Dwarf-trained, 24J. and 30J. per dozen ; £9 per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf Maiden, 40^. per ico.
„ Dwarf-trained, iSi., 215 , 24J. pcrdtijen.
,, 2-yr., feathered, (sos. per ico.
NECTARINES, Dwarf Maiden, ios. per 100; Z27 lOJ. per

ICOO.

,, Dwarf-trained, 245., 301. per dozen : /S lo^. per 100.

., Standard Maiden, y:.s. per doz'in.
PEACHES, Dwaif Maiden, 605. per 100 : £t2^ loj. per icoo.

„ Dwarf-trained, 24s., 30J. per dozdn ; X8 10s. per ico.

,, Standard Maiden, 301. per dozen.
PEARS, Dwarf Maiden, on Pear and (.Quince. 4cj. per iod.

,, Dwarf-trained. 2tf., ia,%, per dozen.

,, Pyramids on Quince. 50.?. , das, per 100.

,, 2yr., feathered, on Pear stock, 50J. per lOD.
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, i,ns. per \or>.

„ Dwarf- trained, iSj., 2I(., 24^. per dojien ; Ci per »3o-

,, z-yr., featheied, scj., tios, per :oo.

The trees offered above are all of very fine quality.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

1884 — 188 5.

SEEDS AND PLANTS.

A. LIETZE.

Caixa 644, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Wholesale Prices in German Marks.

Acrocomia cubensis

,, sclerocarpa ., . . . .
Areca lutesceus . .

,, 5, coo Seeds, 100 niarlcs

,, 10,000 Seeds, 160 marks

,, madagascariensis . .

„ lubra

,, 5,oco Seeds, 50 marks

Astrocaryum Airi ..

Atialea speciosa

Bactns maraja

Copernicia cerifera

Desmoncus sp. Rio
Diploihemium candescens

., mariiimum .. ' ..
ELiiis guineensis .. ■• *•

Euterpe edulis

Geonoma gracilis

,, 5000 Seeds, 120 marks

,, Schotliaoa .. .> • •

,, sp. Queliiz . . .. ..

Caryota sobolifera . .

,, urens ..
Cocos campestris . . . . . .

,, Hexuosa ..

,, oleracea

,, plumofa

„ 5COO Seeds, 120 marks
Cocos procopiana

,, Weddclliana . . . ..

,, 5,003 Seeds, 253 marks

10.000 Seeds, 450 marks
Cofifea arabica

,, yellow fruited variety

„ var. MARAGOGIPE

,, per bushel, 200 marks

„ var. MURTA

„ per bushel, iCo marks

Glaziova insignis
Livistonia sinensis . .

,, 5000 Seeds, 50 marks

Maximiliana regia . .
Oreoduxa oleracea . .
Pandanus uti'is

,, 5>coo Seeds, 80 marks

,, lo.coa Seeds, 150 marks

Ravenala madagascariensis
Philodendron bipinnatifidum

,, speciosum

„ 5,000 Seeds, 75 marks

„ 10,000 Seeds, 120 marks

Vriesia hieroglyphica

PLANTS.

ALOCASIA PORTEI, extra strong plants, a-piece, zo 1040
marks.
., PLUMBEA, strong plants, apiece, 2 to 5 marks.

ALSOPHILA ELEGANS and EXCELSA, % to i yard
high, each 10 marks. Stems without fronds.

ARECA lUTESCENS, i lo 2 yards high, from the open
grfiunU, 4Q0 marks per 100. Smaller bushy plantF, 300
marks per 100. Packing and sea transit expcfSies in-
crease the price from 60 per cent, to roo per cent.

CALADIUM. — A special cfTcr of my enormous tubers will be
sent out in December.

CATILEYA GUTTATA, fresh collected, 220 to 400 marks
per 100.
,. HARRISONI, fresh collected, 220 lo 400 marks per 100.

DRAOENA TERMINALIS, stems. z>^ marks per metre.

GRIFFINIA HYACINTHINA, strong buibs, 45 maiks
per 100,

The arrival of Seeds and PUiiid in good order
cannot be ^•^uaran/ced.

Aliove Prices are for Caeli without Discount.

When

100

I030

Ripe.

See.ls.

Seeds.

Marks.

Ma.ks.

Sept.

ao

Sept.

ID

Eo

April

4

=5

June

4

so

Jan.

2

15

Nov.

15

120

May

30

Nov.

6

40

Jan.

10

80

May

10

March

15

130

March

l»

100

May

12

100

May

6

50

March

5

30

June

5

30

June

3

63

irregular

6

40

irreeulai

6

40

Jan

7

50

Match

5

30

Jan.

10

80

Irregular

5

30

Nov.

20

180

Dec.

7

5S

May

2

•S

May

3

as

May

5

40

May

5

40

Dec.

8

60

Aug.

3

12

A.,g.

23

March

2

10

irregular

3

20

irregular

8

SO

April

3

20

April

3

20

June

S

30

LIETZE

Orchids ft Speciality.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude thai,
without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO.

very cordially and respectfully solicit :\n inspection by all
lovers of this interesting aid beautiful class of plants,
whether purchasers or not.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.
Long white bell-shaped flower for early blooming. Very
sweet scented. One of the most useful bulbs that can be grown.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on applJc?.liou.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed aod Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand. W.C.

SPIR/EA JAPONICA. — Splendid well-
ripened crowns. Home-grown. Far superior lo im-
ported. T*'o and three years planted. Price on applicali'^n to
G. NUNNS, Victoria Nuisery, Iltckcnham, Kent.

Special Cheap Offer for Autuma Plautiug.

CALDWELL AND SONS are now offering
the following from their uurivaUed collection, ai d beinn
grown in this exposed locality, and freq lently transplanted,
cannot fail to give satisfaction ; —
AUCUBAS, fme, fcr Potting or 'A'indow Boxes.
CEORUS DEODARA, handsome specimens, 2 lo 6 feet.
CHESTNUTS, Horse. 4 to ro feet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, in all sizes.

., ., ERECTA VIRIDIS. I to 3feef.
HULLItS. Common, liroad-Ieaf and Silver v.iricliei, in all

sizes.
LARCH, s^tout and v.-eli rooted.
LAURELS in variety.
OLKARIA HAASTIf, strong, in p Hs.
PRIVET, Oval-leaf, very fine, = to 4 feet.
POPLARS, Biack Italisn. Lt nibinfy. auA Ontario, fine.
RETINOSPORA FILIFEKA, PLUMOSA. P. AUREA,

SOUARROSA. VEITCmi. first-rate for Poitine. &c.
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids and Ponticunii, very bu^hy.
RIHES, strong, in variety.

ROSES, Dwarfs and Siand-irds, best sorts to oame,
SPRUCE FiRS, very fine, i to 3 feet.
SYCAMORES, strong, from 3 to 14 feet.
THORNS, flowerir.g. all best named soils.
THORNS or QUICKS, very strong.
THUIOPSIS UOLAERATA and T. D. VARIEGATA, very

hardy.
YEWS, English and Golden, 1 to 4 feet specimens.

For GreenhouBes. S:c.

AZALEAS, Indian and Ghent varieties, well budded, iSj. and

24J. per dozen.
CAMELLIAS, named, full of buds, 24s. to 30J. per dozen.
CINERARIAS and PRIMULAS, splendid strain, ts. and gs.

psr dozen.
CROTON and DRAC^NAS, fine for table plants, 6^,9^.,

and i2f. per dozen.
APPLES, PEARS, and all kinds of Fruit Trees, fine collection.
VINES, extra siror.g Fruiting and Planiiog Caoes.
HERE.ACEOUS PLANTS, a complete collection, f.ora 251.

per ICO.
Descriptive CATALOGUES of above post-free on application.
CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Ktut^ford,
Cheshire^ ^__^

ASPBERRY CANES.—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for dispcsa).

The Advertiser being the most extensive cu'tlvator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting
Lowest cash terms on application to

R. BATH. Crayford. Kent.

pHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 4=0

V^ vaiieiies, guaianteed true to name. Oneof the largf-rt
and cheapest Collections in the Trade Plants, purchasei's
seleciion, 2i. 6d. per doien, its. per 100 ; cuttings. 1.1. td. per
dozen. 101. per 100 ; W. E.'s selecti .n. cheaper. For the new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, wuh
Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

OR SALE, BLACK CURRANT TREES,

Baldwin's Black, Green Bud, Naples, at (s. per ico;
Standard DAMSON TREES, Crittenden Clusttr, ^6 per ico.
Sample en application to

A, UNDERDOWN and CO., The Vineries, Paddock Wood,
Kent.

R

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS" Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from bis unrivalled Collecliou.

Chad Valley Nurserie,^. Edgbaston, Birmincham.

ELLEBORUS NIGER (Chistmas Rose).

— Just arriving, a large ImporLiiion of this gr. nd
Winter Flower — good roots— in good condition. C.xcepttoiially
low prices on application to

WATKINS AND SLMPSON, Seed and Bilb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

ORCHIDS.— A Private Collector has nunitr-
ous specimens and smaller plants for di>pjsal. l^t ofr
LIST on application to J. L., or the pUnis c;<n be seen, itl 65,
Cambridge Gaider.s, Nrtling Hill, London, W. Eveiy in-
struction given to Am;'tcurs.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS.

Single D.'\FFODII-S.

rhea£.inl-cyed NARCJ.SS.

Double While .Sweet-scenled NARCIS.S.

Canipernelle JON'OUILS.

Double Incompaiabilis N.-XRCISS.

r.inorus NARCISS.

Ovo.ill.iris NARCISS (Tenby DAFFODIL).
For Prices of above and many other varieties of Narcis-s. also
Hyacinlhs, Tulips. Crocus, and all Jlntch, English, and rrtnch
Billbs, £ce our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKIKS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULl! MERCHANTS. EXETER STREET.
STRAND, W.C.
Sf'uhii Prices for Lart^c IJitalitiiiei,

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticidc worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded I Jiploma,
Forctry Exhibition, Edinbur^h.--Wholesalc Agents, CORKY,
SOPEU. FOWLER and CO., Finsbuiy Street, Londui, E.C.

November i, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

571

R

" Hand desinam dottec pcrfecero."

S. DUN

(Late of the THAMES BANE IRON COMPANY),

A R

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E,C.

HOT-WATER PIPES •••
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES

A Libci

2-inch, \s. id.; 3-inch, is. "jd. .

2-inch, i^. 4rtC ; 3- inch, 2s. od.

2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, t^s. od.

2-inch, 2S. od. ; 3-inch, 35. od.

al Discount for Cash to the Trade.

4-inch, 2s. od. per yard.

4-inch, 2s. 6d. each,

4-inch, 45-. od. each.

4-inch, 4i'. od. each.

Section of a Rafter be/ore and after
Glazins.

I

mm

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fix : breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED VVITH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Section 0/ a irt>i.iow Sash-B^r be/ore and
ajtcr Giiizin^.

Write for Prospectus, Illustrations,

and Testimonials.

QROVEB. & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

GOLD MEDAL AAVARD.

THE HEALTH EXHIBITION.

J, WEEKS AND CO. have the honour to announce that a GOLD MEDAL has been awarded to their

UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILER,

INCOMPARABLE FIRE GRATE DOMESTIC BOILER, and

HYDRO-CALORIC COIL (which Warms and Ventilates in one operation).

y. WEEKS & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL EIIOTEERS, KII&'S ROAD, CRELSEA, S.W.

HORTIGULTURAL
BUILOINCS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED,

MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, wltli tlie least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and KIgldltr.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facihties, defy competition.

Three MedaU awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, Sr'c., recently erected by M. &> Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, L O U GH B O R O U GH.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3id.
'tV. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

572

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

4</. per bushel ; loo for 25J. ; truck (loose, about 1 tons),

40J. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5J. ed. per sack
5 sacks, 25J. ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 22^. ; sacks.
i^d. each,

COARSE SILVER SAND. u. 9-/. per bushel: 155. per half
ton, 26J. per ton : in 2-bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF.
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. (,d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, zi, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Truck-load of 2 tons 255., free on to rails ; sacks,
\s. each ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, 175. ; 30 sacks. 25^. ; 40
sacks, 30J. ; truck.load, loose, free on rail, 30J. ; 15 sacks or mora
free on to rail. Cash:with all orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS
AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard, and 153, High Street, Batter-
sea, S.W. Established 1872.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.
TTIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—

-L BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
StovePlants.&c.,^66i. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 155.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags, i-zs. 6d. j 10 Bags,
45i. B^gs included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52^. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse. 15. ^d. per
sack ; 10 for 12J., 15 for 17^, 30 for 30^. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 225. (>d. Black Fibrous Peat, ^s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for
20s. ; sacks 4^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is. 6d, per bushel,
25J. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at i^. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, ds. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth.
^d. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, 10^. per
lb.. 281b. 21s. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT and CO.. The Hop Exchangb
Warehouses, South wakk Street, London, S.E., late
jg. New Broad Street, E.C.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ,

Circular!, with full far/icitlars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTON, LIVERPOOL.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pri/e Medals.

QuaUty, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included).

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . ^s 6-t. per sack ; 5 sacls for 2C5.
PEAT, best black fibrous .. 31 tct. ,, 5 sacks for i^f

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 51. od. „
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. "v

PREPARED COMPOST.besl I , ,

LEAF MOULD, best only .. f"- P" ''"'"■ (^^'^''^ included).
PEAT MOULD „ ..J

.SILVER SAND, coarse, li. 3rf. per bush., tjj. half ton, jji. Ion
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only.. .. .. 8</. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. 8t^. Ib,,z8lb i8t

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spccialitd) Srf. lb. 28 lb. i8j

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 5.. per bushel

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2j. per bush., 6s. per sack

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks, ts. each ; 10 sacks, 91. ; 15 sacks, t^s, ; 20 sacks, 17J. ;

30 sacks, 255. ; 40 sacks, 30J. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

3or. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in

sacks only, 2j. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

BEESON'S

MANURE

is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tina, la., 2s. 6d., and lOs. 6d. each ; also In
Sealed Bags, 1 owt., 13s.

MANUI-ACTUHEfJ nV

W.H.Beeson.Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wnolesale Agents in London : Corry, Soper, Fowler

« CO., Limited, i8, Fmsbury Street, E.C, and Shad Thames
London, S.E. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable
Seedsmen and Florists in the Kingdom.
Pure Crus/ied Unboiled BONES, any size, /or Viue Borders.

XMNEST TOBACCO CLOTH^dYAPER,

-L at id. and gd. per lb., 281b. i8j. Special quoUtions

for the Trade.

J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water : 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, i.f., 3J., and 105. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and ii. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4150

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 3 15 o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „ 6 10 o

The glass is nailed and puttied iil

R. HALLIDA Y & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Eneineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MiDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H LASCELLES and CO wdl give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free ol
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at lai, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Si., London. E.C

R. HOLLIDAY,

HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS,

The "Pheasantry" Works, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, S.W.

WIBEWOBK.

SUSPENDING BASKETS
FLOWER STANDS
WIRE TRELLIS
VINE TRELLIS
PEACH TRELLIS
ESPALIER
WALL WIRING
COVERED WAYS
GARDEN ARCHES
WIRE SUMMER-HOUSES

WIREWOKK.

ROSERIES
ROSE TEMPLES
ROSE FENCES
ROSE TRAINERS
ROSE SCREENS
BALLOON TRAINERS
WIRE NETTING
PHEASANTRIES
AVIARIES

IRON and WIRE
FENCING.

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN
FENCING [iNG

STRAINED WIRE FENC-
BARB WIRE FENCING
HURDLE FENCING
CONTINUOUS FENCING
DOG KENNEL FENCING
POULTRY FENCING

HOT-WATER

WORK.

BOILERS, VARIOUS
HOT-WATER FITTINGS

FOR

GREENHOUSES
CONSERVATORIES
MANSIONS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS

WINTER COVERING FOR VINE BORDERS.

Illustrated CATALOGUES on application.

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

SEND FOR

No 60 —Span-roof Plant Protector.

CATALOGUES.

No. 64,— Span-roof Plant Frame.

The Gardeners' favourite Frame, used for stoiiiiR beddin^f
plants in w ter and in summer for growing Melons, ftc. ar-
ranged to build on 1 II Is. \oik is -ihown, including zglasi ends.

c gardens for protectincr plants in open
wg same when turned out of conservatory.

CASH PRICES, including Packing Cases.
6 feet long. 3 feet wide, including one pair of ends £2
12 .. 1. 3 I. t< It » 3

6 ,, .t 4 M ■• >> 0 3

• I 6 ■> If M II 7 12 C

*§ No. 74. -Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame,

^

CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid.
Size. Length. Wjdih. Price. Packing Cases.

No. 2 .. 8 feet .. (>l^t.X. .. jC4 15 o .. 5s. 6d.
No. 3 . . 1 2 „ . . 6 „ . . 6 10 o , , 6 6
No. 4 .. 16 ,, .. 6 ,, .. 8 5 o .. 8 o
Height in front, 11 inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches.
Lights made to turn over. Set-opes for ventilating.

. o .. q 6

Made to any length. See Catalogue tor Inrger sizes.

No- 75.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

H

CAbU PRICES. Carriage P.aid.

Size. Length. Width. Price. P.ickiDg Cases.

No. 2 . . 8 feet . . 6 feet . . ^C.l 7 6 . . 31. 6«/.

No. 3 .. 12 ,, .. 6 „ .. 4 17 6 .. 40

No. 4 . . 16 ,, . . 6 ,, . . 6 7 6 . . 4 6

Depth in front 13 inches, back 34 inches, lights 9 inches

thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light.

Lights only. 6 ft. x 4 ft., unglazcd and unpainted, 6j. each.

Glazed with aioz. sheet el.iss and painted 4 coats, i6r. each.

All the Frames painted four coats and glazed with beat 21-oz. English Glass.

All these Frames carri.tce paid to any Railway Station in Kngland and Wales, also to Edinburgh and Dublin.
Packing Cases allowed for in full if returned within fourteen days in good cider and duly advised.

November i, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

sn

PAINE'S PATENT VENTILATING
GEAR for Greenhouses. — 120 Ventilators cau be opened
and dosed in one minute. No cords required ; can be worked
by a boy, aud CJinnot get out of order. Inforniatioa and
references on applic^iiion to

G. PAINE, Macliiiiist. Kioailwatt^r, Worthing.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SiMlTU'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Registcrrd 2'ra^ii Mark.)

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quahty. notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its const-intly increasing sale. It
may be appUed by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thiBuiiig, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at 1.1. td, per gallon,
ftt the Manufactory, or is. S<i. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

** Piercefi^id Park, Jtme 21, 1S76. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I Ci»ndidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am. Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION.— ViiiA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, Londoo, E.C.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

as do " grown"

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Cheapest house
in the Trade. Every Garden Requisite kept in stock.
Before purchasing elsewhere write for free Price List to

W. WARKEN AND CO. (late T. Hagarty), 8, Whilecross
Place. Wilson Street, Finsbury, E.C.

SILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-
fordshire: Sussex and Ktnt PEAT and LOAM of the best
quality by truckload, ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices.
Low rates to London and to all parts.— W. SHORT. Horti-
cultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex. — Established 1S62.

Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles.

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
arc made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for K ITCH EN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. m Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. Rt)SHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Koad. E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c,

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L "v E R S~A N D,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or JVmeries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AKD CO.— Addresses see above.

N.E.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERT DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS, &0.

n

o

H

r.

H
O
!0

JAMES BOYD & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

'^^ I LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall MaU, S.W.

-WATEB,
HARNESS

APPAB.AXUS for WAEMINQ CHUUCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS
ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

FOSTER & PEARSON, Beeston, Notts.

Ip

p.

WRIGHT'S "CHAMPION" ENDLESS-
FLAME-IMPACT BOILERS,

admitted by the entire Trade, after Public and formal challenges,
to be M^ mosi economical of fuel^ tiie most powerful, the sintpUstt
and the cheapest in the Trade. Price Lists and particulars from

WRIGHT'S BOILER CO.. AIRDRIE, N.B.

ECONOMIC GREENHOUSE HEATING.

•* Crescent Piping."

The " CRESCENT" is equal to 6-in. ordinary piping as re-
gards heatinR surface, while its special shape reduces the amount
of water, and conseL]uenlly the healing power, to a minimum,
and enables an oil lamp to perform the work which would require
a Rood sized coke stove with the ordinary system of hot-water
piping. "Crrscent" GKiiKNitoLsii Heaters.

No. I.— One 6-ft. length, lamp to run is hours, a,^s.

No. 2. — Two 6-ft. lengths „ ,, 15 hours, 70J.

No. 3.— Three 6-ft. ,, „ ,, 15 hour=, goi.

Screens and Piping for unconsutned products of combustion

previa cd ; Packing included. Tlte Trade Supplied.

T. CHRISTY & CO.. 165, Fenchurch Street, EC.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, ^4 ^s.
Delivered free to any Station. Discount for cash.

This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stoVehoIe, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the
front only being outside and tlush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It bums over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

" Loughborough " Boilers to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-ia. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints, &c., always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.
The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
is delivered wiih pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

NoTR,— All genuine Boilers have " The Loughborough
Boiler " cast en.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

'%ul"f,E:c""} LONDON BRIDGE.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Keceutly Improved and Beduced in Price.

Also Makers of all olher kinds of Boilers for Heatiog.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS

of every description for Heating Apparatus,
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

FBED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry,
Newcastle, Staflfjrdsh.ire.

574

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, iS

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS. STOURBRIDGE.

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4f- yI-^A> :

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. bd. eacli.

Price List on apphcatioil.

HE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

BOILER —A Cast-iron. Solid, Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished fur its Dut.-.bility, Efficiency, and Economy t f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues. Two Waterxvay Hue
Dividers We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
aie acquainted. „ Price of Boiler

, Keatof and 'set of

'-""S- .,.;„. Pipe. Fitlines.
19 in. 150 feet £s to o

15 10
17 3

K,

22 in.

300

c.

24 in.

400

L>

26 iJi-

Soo

K,

28 in.

600

*■ \ F. 32 in. 700 ],

*" t G. 36 in. 850 „

I I H, 42 in. loco ,,

I, 48 in. 1Z50 .,

I 54 in. i6co

K, 6oin, 3000 ,, 22 10 o

• Compribes fill si/e double lurnace door, ashpit door and
reRuiator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &:c.

Says a Gardener of great fxperience ;— *' It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilats.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES

for Heating from 50 to ico feet of pipe. ...

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front, -' '■. \
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer; the
funnel running up just outside the glas':. It cau
be applied almost everywhere. Il will keep iti
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet Jsize, ^4 15 ; 100 feet si::e. ^5 15^.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & S0N8,

Horticultural Heating Engiueers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

STOVES.

Terra-Coda ! Portable !
For Coal !

ROBERTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id.,
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. InusedailyatPatentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES. &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON.

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
lain., 2oia. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in., 20 in. by i8in., in i6-or.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200- ft. and 300- ft. cases.

21-02. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Class Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FAKMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
31, St. Jolin's Street, West Smlthfielil, London, EC.

Stock List an,i Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ot a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTHRS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says :— ' We must give these the
palm befgre all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.

Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 6js.

As illustrated above, price 41. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 631

Terminal Holdfasts.

Per doz.

2 J. Cl/.

- 25^ 3 3!-2 inches.
3^. 4/, 5(/. -jd. per doz_

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

IS. gr/., 2J., and 25. td. per 100 yards.

lUustraied CATALOGUES on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

CAESON'S PAINT.

Patroniicd by

HER MA J E S T K,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THti PRINCE OF WALES,

15 C03 OF THE Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy.

Is extensively used Tor all kinds of

CTTTDOOR WOBK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames

CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.

I Ciii/., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stntions.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

C ARSON S,

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL,

LONDON, E.C. ;

BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN;

and 55, ROYAL AVENUF, BELFAST.

Discount for Cash.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTONG PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

Russia Mat Mercliants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS. for coveiing,pacl<in3,&c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices apply to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9, James Street, Covcnt
Garden, W.C.

A STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-lTS^ The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues :— 6 ft.
6 ill. by -3, ft. g in, at 2S. ; 6 It. 6 in by 4 ft. 6 in at zs. 2d. ; 6 ft.
6 in by 7 ft., 31. 2d. Apply to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tiing.

TANNED NETTING,

Specially selected for Garden Use.

2 yards wide. lYzd., and 4 yards wide, 3<^. per yard run.
ScrJm, Hessian, and Tiffany, for protecting Fiuit Trees
and shading Greenhouses, from ^Yzd. peryaid and upwards.

Russia Mats, Kaffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Cloth,

Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, and other Sundries al the
lowfc.st po&sible prices.

CATALOGUE post-free on application.

JAMES T. ANDERSON,

149, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Baes. new and second-
hand, of every description. Ratfia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the L-irgest Income, arid pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman :— Harvie M. Faiquhar. Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, tlie Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Euildines, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head OfSce, 64, Cornhill, London, EC.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

Gentlemen havin g "Waste or Unprofitable
liand

SHOULII APPLY FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

TO

Mr. COOPEB, F.B.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated

BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved

especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.*-

LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contain*
a large amount ol information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6a. per Annum.

Single Copies, 6d. ; Stamped, ^d.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertisinet Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186. Slrand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildines.
Manchester. . Tames & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.

Edinburgh Robeitson & Scolt, i^, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co.. iSt Roy-il Exchange

Place.

^" Copies of each Joitnml are filed at the
above Offices fof the use of Advertisers^

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAl-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BuRVE-
NicH, F. Paynaert, E. RoDiGAs, and H. J. van Hlillb,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent Post-paid, loj. per annum.
H. J. Van HULLE, Botamcal Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

R~^'eVUE de^l'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ciepin,
Comle de Gomer. De Jonge van EUemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gilion, A. M. C.
Jongkiodt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
E. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoUem,
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year,
iij.. payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-omce Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
St the Chief Post-office. Ghent

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purthat.ing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on staling the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and addre.ss, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
Neratd Officft, Birmnigham." The Muitatui Counties Hirala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relalicg to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Partnership.

WANTED, a PARTNER, with £^000 or
jCiiOOQ, to join present proprietor (who has « larger
amount of capital) in an olJ-ebtablishcd and extending Nurserj--
maii's Business. Incoming partner should have experience
enabling him to undertake correspondence, finance, and oflice
mansgement. — For further particulars address P., Fames Sc
Heniy Grace, Public Accountants. Royal Insurance Buildings,
Bristol.

PARTNER.— Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join Iiiin in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars on applicition to N. Q., Gardeners' ChrouicU
OHice, 41, Wellington ttveet, Strand, London, W.C.

General Cemetery Company.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, tolalce
charge of the Gardt-us and Greenhouses of Keii.>.al
Green Ccmetiy. Must be proficient in Landscape and Carpet
Gardening. — Application by tetter enclosing testimonials to tilt!
CHAIRMAN, 95, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, W.C, on
or before Thursday, November 6.— October 29.

NoViMlitR I, ISS4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

575

WANTED, ill Sussex, as UNDER GAR-
DENER, a man with good experience of Hoihouse
and Flower Garden Work. Rising wages to a ihoroiighl jr
dependable man. Teslimonials, including a recent one from a
Clergym;in. to W. H. A. JACOliSON, 41, Fioibury Square,
Loadon, EX.

To Gardeners.
rjlHE MANAGERS of the KENSINGTON

X and CHKLSEA SCHOOL DISTRICT rtquire for
their Cut-i^e Home School, at B.insted, Smrey, a respectable
MARRIED COUPLE, to take charge of and act as F.uher
3nd Mother o( a House coutniulug abjut ihiily-eight boys, the
Man also undertaking ihc Culiiv:(iion oT the Kuclien Garden
and Grounds attached lo ihe School, and imparting a Know-
tedge of Gardening lo the lloys placed under him. Joint
salary at commeuccmert ^50 pei: annum, rising /)\ annually to
;£64 per annum, with furlU^ned appannients. board, washing,
unifoim, and medical ailcnd.mce. Candidaits, who must be
between 30 and 45 ye.iri of age, nuist be able to read and write,
and must liirnish s;itisfactory pesonal references as to sobriety
and rcspectabilty, as well as lo the man's capability as a
Gardener. Ptelcrence will be given to Candidates without
children, or whose cliildren do not need to reside with them.

Form of Application may be obt;«ined by forwarding a stamped,
addressed, ioolscap envelope to the undersigned, to whom
applications, accompanied by copies of ihiee testimonials of
recent date, must be delivered by or before ro a.m. on Friday,
November 7 next. By Order,

JNO. H. RUTHEK(;LEN,Cleik to the Managers,
Guardians' Oflices, Matloes Road, Kensington, W.,
October r;,

liursery Foreman

WANTED, AT ONCE, a thorough practical,
eoergeiic man. Must utidersiand ihe Cultivation.
Forcing, and Propagation of Roses ; also Forcing Flowers and
Fruit for "Market. Every encouiagement given and progressive
wages to a competent man. No oljection to try a young man
who has been for some ye.irs under a good Foreman in a
London Nursery. English, under yj. Also Wanted, a HANDV
MAN, in a Nursery, for Planting, Li'tintr, &c. WaRes, 21s.
per week. — T.O., Gariiinns' C^n-jniclf Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ANTED, a WORKING NURSERY

FOREMAN. Mu>t be a good Propagator, and
uodei'stand Nursery Work generally. Also a young MAN
accustomed to Nuisery Work, Growieg Plants for Market, and
a good Propagator. — Slate where last employed, wages required,
^c.,toD.h.,G.trdenfrs\ChyoniclcOi^Qe, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, London. W.C.

WANTED, a youns MAN, who thoroughly
understands Herbaceous Plants. — State experience
and wages required to Q. R., Jackson's Library, 25, Albion
Slreei, London. \V.

WANTED, in a small Nursery, a MAN, to
take charge of Greenhouses, &c. — Apply, stating age,
salary required and reference, lo W. C, 18, Winchcomb Street,
Cheltenham.

WANTED, HANDS for INDOOR NUR-
SERY WORK : also a STOKER. -Wages and refer-
ences to J. POUNCE. Pounce's Nursery, Uendoo, N.W.

To Seed Trade Assistants.

WANTED, by a leading House in the South
of Ireland, for the General Ketail Agricultural, Garden,
and Flower Seed Trade, Manures, S:c., an ASSISTANT,
whose competency and character will bear strict investigalion,
— Applications, with copies of references, to WATTE, NASH.
AND CO., 7^. Southwark Street, S.E.

WANTED, a smart COUNTER-HAND ;
muit have a thoioughly good knowleJge of Vegetable
and Flower Seeds, &c. — Apply, stating age, e.vperience, salary
expected, references, and all particulars, to JAMES DICKSON
AND SONS, ic8, Eastgate Sireet, Chester.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, an active young MAN, of good
address, to Assist in Shop and Warehouse — one who has
just completed his apprenticeship. — KENT and BRYDON,
Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, DaiHrgton.

WANT PLACES.

*it* Gardeners and others seeking silnaiions
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
AIONE Y to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible inan,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be intknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

C O T C H GARDENERS.

— John Dowkie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number ot SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £'^0 to ,£100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

EB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• late Firm of Dow^'IE & Laird) can at present recom-
mend with every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities maybe thoroughly de-
pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM BAILIFFS.— 17. Frederick Street. Edinburgh.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N.

TOURNEYMEl

f " first-class men wl

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard
and Nurseries, CJarston. are in a position to recommend a
capable trustwotthjr Man as G-VRDENER and FARM
BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in
want of such a man.

RI C^h'a rTd SMITH an'd^cIj.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurstries. Worcester.

EN and FOREMEN.— Several

who have been trained in the leading
cslablishments in Scotland, wanting to go to Etigland on the
term d.-iy. Nov. II. — Full particulars from JOHN DOWNIE.
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

GARDENErIHead), or to take chargeo?
an extensive collection of Orchids.— Age j3 ; highly
recommended as to sobriety, industry, and abilities. — C.
MAYNARD, 8. Collins Street, Blackheaih, S.E.

GARDENER (Head), to any L7dy or Gentle"-
man requiring the services of a thoroughly practical,
energetic, trustworthy Gardener, and a highly respectable
man.~Age3[; good reference,— G. W., Mr. R. Smith Hifili
Street, Wendover, Tiing.

ARDENEr" (Head).— C. Haycock can

with every confidence recommend his Foreman (George
Woodward) to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thoroughly trustworthy and energetic man. Has
had good experience in all branches of gardening. — C.
HAYCOCK, Barham Court Gardens, Maidstone,

GARDEN ER (He.\d); married.— W. Swan,
Gardener to W. Leech, Esq., Oakley, Fallowfield,
Manchester, beg* to offer his services to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requriog a thoroughly practical man. Twenty-
eight years' experience, nearly twelve in present situation.
Leaving through the establishment being broken up. Highest
references as to ability and trustworthiness. — Address as above.

ARDENER (Head).— Experienced in

Growing for Market Grapes, Peaches, Strawberrits,
Tomatos, Cucumbers, &c,, also Hard and Soft-wocded Plants;
has also a thorough knowledge of Landscape Work and the
I'rees and Shrubs most suitable for the different soils and
localities.— HORTUS, Mr. Draycott, Fruiterer, 2, Belvoir
Street, Leicester,

ARD'eNER (Head), in a good establish^

meut ; age 33, married.— The Rev. Talhot Gukavcs,
Vicar of Clifton, Bristol, can recommend his Scotch Gardener,
who has been with him many years and only leaves throu;;h his
giving up his country home, as an invaluable servant of ihe
highest principles, energetic, and practically skilled in all
branches of Gardening.

GARDENER (Head), where several are
kept. — Thoroughly conversant with the Cultivation of
Grapes, Peaches, Pines, &c , and the General Management of a
Gentleman's establishment. Twenty years' experience in
leading places, six and a half years as Head, No objection to
Ireland. Wages e.vpected. with house, ^70 per year.— Address,
with particulars, W. E., 65, Bower Street, Maidstone, Kent.

ARDENER (Head); age 28.— w! J. Ire"

LAND, Gardener to the Marquis of Headfort, Headfort
House, Kells, Ireland, will be happy to supply particulars to
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a
thoroughly competent and energetic man as above. An English-
man, a Protestant, possessing a thorough knowledge of his
profession, which has been gained in some of the best gardens
in England, and noiv Foreman at Headfort House.

GARDENER (Head).— John Leman
begs to offer his services to any Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiting a really practical man. Well versed in all the
most important branches of Horticulture. Two years' entiie
charge of the Conservatory Department of the Royal Dubliu
Society's Botanic Garden, Glasnevia. Copies of unexceptional
testimonials from miny of the most extensive establishments in
Great Britain,— OL.^NTIGH, Pudding Lane, Chigwell Row,
Essex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
two children. Fifteen years' experience, both under
Glass and in Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good character.
— M. W., Kiddington, Woodstock, Oxon.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,
married ; thoroughly understands Plant and Fruit
Houses, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Forcing, &c. Well
recommended.— W. PECK, V/inchmore Hill, N.

GARDENER (He.\d Working), where two
or three are kept. —Age gr, single ; fifteen years' good
experience in alt branches. Three years' good character Irom
ast place. — J. E., 55, Upper Park Road, Hampstead, N W,

GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or more are kept. — Thoroughly experienced in
Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Cut Flowers, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower an-i Kitchen Gardening, Land and
Stock. — A., =3, Salisbury Road, Upper Holloway, London, N.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

no children ; thorn nghly u^ders^ands Vines, Melon=,
Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flowers, and
Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last and previous
employer. — W. B., 45, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,

married, no family : thoroughly practical in all branches,
including Early and Late Forcing, Pines, Vines, Melons, Cucum-
bers, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Highest testimonials. Eighteen years'
experience, twelve in a Nobleman's family. — J. SIMMONS,
Bishop's Hull. Taunton.

?:j.ARDENER. — No family ; thoroughly

vJ practical : long experience in Growing Fruits and Flowers
under glass and outdoors, Early and Late Forcing. — R,
WALKLING, Mr. Jarvis, HighStreet, Robertsbridge, Sussex.

G~ ARDENER.— /lo Bonus is offered by a
thorough Gardener ; excellent Grape, Pine, General
Fruit, Plant, and Vegetable Grower ; a proficient in the Culti-
vation of Orchids, House aod Table Decorations : Skilful in
Laying-out Pleasure Grounds. Twenty years* good character.
— F. DAVEY, 33, Montague HiU, Kingsdown, Bristol.

G

ARDENER, — Seven years in present situ-

^ ation, with Greenh-Jiise, Flower, Fruit, and Kitchen
Gardens. Can attend to a Cow ; wife wilting to assist in the
house. — G.H., The Limes, Lansdown, Bath,

GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second).— Age 23 ; good character. Total abstainer. —
G. GRAHAM, 17, Dartrey Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W,

GARDENER (Second), or as FLOWER
andKlTCHKN GARDENER.— Aije aS, single ; good
references. Please state wages,— R, J., 6^-, Queen's Crescent,
Haverstock Hilt, N.W.

/"^ARDENER (SECOND), or good JOUR-

V^^ NEVMAN, — Age 24; good experunce in general
routine of Cirdening. Can be well recommended. — A. HILL,
Kingston Road, New Maiden, Surrey.

FOREMAN, or to MANAGE small Nursery.
— Age 37 ; first-class Tomato Grower, Grapes, Peaches,
Strawberries, Cucumbers. Five years with Mr. Ladds. — W,
COMPION, Sh.xrdlow, near Derby.

I [FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27; can
be well recommended. Bolhy preferred.— GARDENER,
Mr. Woods. I, Navy Place, Catford, S.E.

FOREMAN, in the Houses,— Age 26 ; eleven
years' practical experience in the Cultivation of Fruit and
Plants, &c. Twi> and a half years' good reference. — A. C.,5,
Cranfield Villas, High Street, Lower Norwood, S.E.

FOREMAN (Indoor).— J. Yates, Dick-
son & Co., The Nurseries, Alexandra Road, Man-
chester, can with confidence recommend a thorough good
practical man as above — For part culars apply as above.

i:j^OREMAN, or SECOND^in the Houses in

-A- a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 25 ; understands the
work. Eight years' character — twelve years' experience. Please
slate wages.— H. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Garden.— Age
^ 22 ; good character.— A. B., 7, Gwalior Road, Putney,
Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ;

^ six years' experience. Can be well recommended.—
E. J. F , High Street, Reigate.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,

^* in Kitchen or Flower Garden.— Age 21 ; bothy preferred.
Twelve months' good character.— M. A., 4, New Street, Three
Bridges. Crawley, Sussex.

J OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.

'^ — Age 21 ; strong and active. Six years' practice in good
establishment. Highest referents, —C. GREEN, Powis
Caatle Gardens, WeUhpooI, Mont.,^orth Wales.

J0URNEYM"aN, in~the House's 7 age zo7—

O Mr. A. Bebcii, The Gardens, Wood Norton Hall, East
Dereham, will be pleased to recommend a young man as such.
Three years* reference. — Address as above.

TO GARDENERS.— J. CoOK, Gardener to
J. Floyer, Esq.. M.P., Stafford, Dorchester, wishes lo
recommer.d a strong and active youth, age 17. Has had three ■
years' experience in the Gardens. No objection to in or out of
doors. Bothy preferred,

'TiO (Jar"denERS.— Charles Sims, Bov-

-"- ingdon House. Kernel Hempstead, can with confidence
recommend a young man for the Garden, either in the Houses
or part In and part Outdocrs. Very obliging and persevering.
Age 17. Wages expected, i7s.

'po NURSERY MEN.— A successful

J- Traveller, cf considerable experience and good connec-
tion, is now at liberty to eng.ige with any leading firm as above.
Thoioughly acquainted with indoor and outdoor stock. First-
class reference as to ability, &c. — V.W., 26, Down Street,
Piccadilly, London, W.

TRAVELLER, or in any other department
of the Seed Business. — ]. C. Chatman, of many years'
experience in the Wholesale Seed Trade, is now disengaged,
and would be pleased to receive an offer for his .services as
above.— 34, MiUbrook Road, Brixton, S.W.

SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in all branches
of the Retail Trade, Plants, Flowers, &c. Six and a half
years' experience. Good references. — IBERIS, 31, St. George
Square, Tonb:idge Road. Maidstone.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent references respecting character and abilities. —
T. n., 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or other capacity. — Age 30 ;
perfect knowledge of the Seed and Florist business.
Could assist with Eook.=.— J. G., 28, Barrow Hill Road, St.
John's Wood. London. N.

&€6d. 7r3.(l6

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Ten years'
experience; thorough knowledge of the Business in all
its branches. Good Salesman. — O. P., F. Macken2ie, 51,
Breadalbane Street, off Dumbarton Road, Glasgow.

^pfld Trftdo

ASSISTANT.— Age 23 ; eight years' experi-
ence in all branches of the Trade in a large Scotch
house. Fair knowledge of Plants. Unexceptional references as
to character and ability.— W. C. G., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
152, Houndsditch, London, E.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— With darkenin-
days and changing temperatures the digestion becomes
impaired, the liver disordered, and the mind despondent, unle>>
the cause of the irregularity be expelled from the blood and
body by such an alterative as these Pills. They directly attack
the source of the evil, thrust out all impurities from the circula-
tion, restore the distempered organs to their natural state, and
correct all defective or contaminated secretions. Such an easy
means of instituting health, strength, and cheerfulness should be
applied by all whose stomachs are weak, whose minds are muc li
harassed, or whose brains are overworked. Holloway's is
essentially a blood tempering medicine, whereby its mfluence
reaches the remotest fibre of the frame and effects a universal good.

576

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November i, 1884.

CLEVELAND'S ALASKA PEAS.

The Quickest Blue Pea on record.

From the time this Pea was first chosen by the raiser, as being a model of a first-class First Early Blue
Pea, the greatest pains have been taken in maintaining the type, and it is now considered perfection. Its height
is about 2 feet, compact in growth, wonderfully productive, pods well-shaped and filled from end to end, six to
eight Peas in each, ripening at one time — a most desirable feature to be maintained in a First Early Pea ;
flavour delicious and undoubtedly the earliest Blue Pea introduced, and its hardy nature enables it to resist
unfavourable weather. Stock being limited, it can be sold only in Sealed Packets —

Half-pints, Retail, 2s. 6d. each.

CLEVELAND'S R.N.Y. PEAS.

We are now prepared to offer this FIRST EARLY PEA in quantities suitable to MARKET
GARDENERS and others desirous of at once testing this highly recommended Early Pea. They will be
sold under the name as above, in original Sealed Packages —

Two-Bushel Bags, sealed, at 30s. per Bushel. One-Bushel Bags, sealed, at 32s. per Bushel.

Quarter -Bushel Bags, sealed, at 35s. per Bushel.

As the Stock in the hands of the raiser is very limited^ early orders are solicited^ it being desirable that they should be distributed as widely as possible.

We claim this to be the most proHfic, as well as the earliest Pea yet produced.

Its uniformity of ripeniftg. — All the pods, from the bottom to the top of the haulm, being fully developed, permitting the entire crop to be removed
at one picking — a most important consideration to the Market Gardener.

Its wonderful productiveness.— Wq quote from the Rural Netv-Yorker of September i, 1883, the report of a trial of Extra Early Peas :— " ioo
pods weigh 19 ounces, containing 654 seeds, which weigh 8 ounces," an average of six and a half remarkably large Peas to the pod.

In comparative test with these were several other Extra Early Peas, selected as being the best representative of their class. A summary of the
Rural report shows that one hundred pods taken from the R.N.Y. (Rural New Yorker) Pea weighed 5^ ounces more than a like number taken from
the next best variety, and 13I ounces more than the same number of pods from the poorest, while the Peas taken from the one hundred pods weighed
2| ounces more than the seeds of the next best Pea, and 5I ounces more than those of the poorest.

Its robust and vigorous habit of growth enabling it the better to withstand the frosts and droughts to which it may be subjected.

An Extra Early Pea beyond all parallel. _^

We present herewith a few extracts from the many Testimo?itals received : —

" Compared with the [two varieties of well-known first Early Peas], it is superior to either,
being fully as early and decidedly raore productive, the vine^ bearing more pods, and the pods
containing more Peas, and, what is more in its favour, is that all of the pods reach maturity at
the same time. This is a decided advantage, as it enables the vines to be removed and another
crop planted by tlie time the other varieties are ready for a second picking. Market Gardeners
will thus see wherein the great advantage of growing such a Pea as the K.N.Y. lies. From my
experience with tliis Pea, this season, I would say that I consider it to be the best addition that
has been made to our list of Peas for many years, and predict lor it a brilliant future just as soon
as its merits become known."— Ch AS. E. Parnell, Queens P.O.y Queens Co., N Y.,Aug. 24, 1884.

" The R.N.Y. Peas are the earliest I have ever seen. I sowed them May 25, and had large,
well-filled pods on July 4, and to-day almost every pod is dry, and I have got to pull them the first
of the week. Thev are ihe earliest and largest podded early Pea I ever saw.'—DAViD F. Pelav,
Parker s Mills, Maine, July 10, 1884.

" The R.N.Y. Pea proves to be No. 1. I like them because the pods mature nearly all at
once, thus enabling vie to pick clean and clear land for other seeds or plants." — W. T. TIPTo^f,
Burlington, JCatisas, June 30, 1884.

" Could have obtained a mess from the R.N.Y. Pea just forty days from planting. I find
them early to appear for cooking purposes, prolific bearers, and nearly all can be taken from the
vines at one time. Pods are large, Peas plump and fat, and slow to ripen or grow hard after being
large enough for table use. I think they will be a valuable addition to the world's stock of iceds."
— G. W. Phttith, Portville, N.Y., August 10. 1884.

" I may safely say that the R.N.Y. Pea is extremely early, very hardy, exceedingly prolific,
and as a green Pea unsurpassed."— W. H. Tavlor, St. Giles, Province 0/ Quebec.

" The R.N.Y. Pea can be strongly recommended as an extra early Pea. T/tt crop ripened
in thirty-seven days a/ter sowing, and was very abundant."— C. W. Eichling, New Orleans,
La., June 17, 1884.

" The Cleveland's R. N.Y. Peas you sent us for sample seed last spring we gave to a number
of our best gardeners, and they all report them as being vtry early and abundant bearers. We
think they are a valuable acquisition."— J. P. Barstow & Co., Norivich, Conn., July la, 13S4.

" Our trials show a very fine Valentine Bean and Extra Early Pea, both veiy care'ully
selected and showing progress in these important vegetables."— Hsnry A. Dreer, Philadelphia,
Pa., June 10, 1884.

CLEVELAND'S IMPROVED TOM THUMB PEAS

The raiser prefers adopting this name, as it conveys the fact that it is a Tom Thumb Pea ; it is, however, so
great an improvement on the old variety that it would not have been out of place to have given it a New Name.

The Stock has been so closely watched and thoroughly selected during the past seasons, at a great cost
of time and money, that it will be found, beyond question, the Earliest Dwarf Pea known, and for its yielding
qualities unsurpassed. Height 8 inches, covered with well-shaped pods filled almost to bursting. Owing to
its hardy nature it can be sown very early. Sold in Sealed Bags —

One Peck, 12s. 6d. per Bag; Half Bushel, 24s. per Bag; One Bushel, 42s. per Bag.

N'o Orders will be accepted unless through Wholesale Selling Agents : —

Messrs. HENRY CLARKE and SONS, King Street, Covent

Garden, W.C.
Messrs. F. AND A. DICKSON AND SON, Cliester.
Messrs. HOWCROFT AND WA'llvINS, Tavistock Kow, Covent

Garden, W.C.
Messrs. HURST and SON, 152, Houndsditcli, E.
Messrs. HARRISON and SON, Leicester.

Messrs. W. W. JOHNSON and SON, Boston, Lincolnshire.
Messrs. NUTTING and SON, 60, Barbican, E.C.
Messrs. WAITE, NASH, HUCiGINS and CO, 79, Soutlnvark St., S.E
Messrs. JACOB WRENCH and SONS, 39, King William Street

London Bridge, E.C.
Mr. ROBERT COOPER, 90, Southwark Street, S.E.
Mr. SAMUEL YATES, Manchester.

Agent for the Raiser for Great Britain :— JOHN T. BURNELL, 33, Hop Exchange, Borough, London, S.E.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor : " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Oflice, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. l^tADBurtV. AoNaw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Oflice, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul'.s, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. November i, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hhywoop. ARcnts for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CiStaljlifiiijeti i84i.

No. 567.— Vol. XXI I. {

New
Series.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1884. {

Registered at the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.

I Price 5d.

(Post-free, 5J1/.

CONTENTS.

Abies ccphaloDica

Abboisfoid

Agave ameticana flower-
ing

Boiler.Fawkes' improved
slow-conibuslion

Boilers, tubular ..

Buddleia crispa ..

Canada, the fruit trade of

Christmas Roses..

Chrysanthemums at

Slou>;h ,.

,, new, at Messrs.

Veitch's..
,, at the Temple Gai-
dens

Clematises

Citrons in RIogador

Floore House. Weedon

Flowers, autumn . .

Fiuit notes

Fruit growing in Colorado

Fruit trees, ripening of
the wood of

Fruits under glass

Garden, a Belgian land-
scape

Gardeners' Royal Bene-
volent Tnstitucion

Gardening tour, a

Horticultural show^ at
Georgetown, Dcinerara

Jhand tree, the (Prosopis
spicigera)

Leeks diseased . .

Nerioes at Gunnersbury
Park

695

594

Obituary

Odontoglossum Vaylste-

keanum maculatum ..
Olantigh Towers..
Old Sneyd Park..
Oncidium loxense
Orchids, cultivation of,

by amateurs
Ornithogalum gracile
Palms, gaiden
Pellionia pulchra
Phacelia campanuUria ..
Pme, Lady I'eatrice

Lambton
Pipes, hot-water. .
Plants and their culture
Potatos, hybridising at

Reading
S3xifraga aquatica
Societies : —

Faling Horlicultmal..

Exeier Apple and Pear

National Carnation,
Picoteeaiid Auricula
(Southern Stciion)..

National Chrysanthe-
mum

Scottish HcrticuUural
The Prince of Palms
Tree growth, curious in-
cident in
Urfdo, Puccinia, and

i^cidium
Weather, the
Winter berry bearing

plants . .
Woodlands, the profits of

584
601

568

5f4

589
597
595
594
595

596

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Abies cephalonica

Boiler, Fawkes' Improved slow-combustion.

Garden, plan of a Belgian

Views in Old Sneyd Park Gardens . .

59!

597

535

i.5E9

T

Now Beady, in cloth, 16s.,
HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXL, JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 4t, Wellington Sueet, Strand, W.C.

Tf^E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, mcludiog Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent tor America :— C H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S,-\ , to whom American Orders may be sent.

OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

South Kensington, S W.

NOTICE I— COMMITTEES' MEETINGS. Fruit and
Floral, at ir a.m., in the Conservatory. Scientific at i p.m.,
in the Library.

GENERAL MEETING for the Election of Fellows at
3 P.M.. in the Gallery of the Conservatory, on TUESDAY
NEXT, November tt.

INGSTON and SURBITON

CHRYS.INTHEMUM SOCIETY.
Tl-e EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will beheld in
the Drill Hall, Kingston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 11 and r2. when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the Champion Challenge Vase, value 25 Guineas, will be
otiered. Entries Close November 5. Schedules and further
information o(

Fife Road, Kingston-on-Thames.

T. JACKSON, Hon. Sec.

STAINES, EGHAM, and DISTRICT
CHRVSANTHEMU.M SOCIETY.
The THIRD GRAND SHOW will be held in the Town
Hall. Staines, on THURSDAY, November 13. Schedules of
Prizes and every information of

THOS. J. RAWLINGS, Secretary.
Cambridge House, Windsor Street, Chertsey.

OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW in the Town Hall, Man-
chester, on TUESDAY, November 18 next. For Schedules
apply to the undersigned, BRUCE FINDLAY,

Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.

WICKENHAM HORTICULTURAL and

COTTAGE GARDEN SOCIETY.— EXHIBITION
of CHRYSANTHEMUMS. FRUIT, &c., at the Town Hall,
Twickenham. NOV. i8and r9. Schedules and all particulars can
be obtamed from ALEX. ALL.FREY. Hon. Sec , Twickenham.

IPSWICH and EAST of ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION of CHRYS-4NTHE-
MUMS and FRUITS will he held in the Corn Exchange,
Ipswich, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY. November 20 and ar.
Liberal Prizes for Nurser\men and Amateurs. Entries close
Saturday November 15, Schedules can be obtained of

The Rev. HUGH A. BERNERS,
Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at

DRURY LANE.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Collections of HYA-
CINTHS for pots and glasses, selected withlhe greatest
care, boih when visiting our growers in Holland and at the
Spring Shows of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic
Societies of London.

UTTON'S BULBS.— SUTTON'S Special

EXHIBITORS COLLECTIONS of HYACINTHS:
25 splendid varieties, 42J. ; 12 splendid varieties, 2W., carriage
free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 100 HYACINTHS,

in 100 very choice sorts, 84.J. , carriage free.

SUTTON'S "buLBS^^oo^YACINTHS,
in so very choice sorts, 70^., carriage free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

50 very choice sorts, 42J. , carriage free.

UTTON'S BULBS.— 50 HYACINTHS, in

23 very choice sorts, 351., carraige free.

s

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 25 HYACINTHS, in
25 very choict sorts, 211., carriage free.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYAcTn^THS, in
13 extra fine sorts, 12^.

S^ UTTON'S BULBS.— 12 HYXciNTHsTln
12 choice sorts, 9,1,

-12 HYACINTHS, in

SUTTON'S BULBS.-
12 good sorts, 6.1.

UTTON'S iBULBS.— SUTTON'S BULB

CATALOGUE FOR t884. containing complete cultural
instructions, gratis and post-lree on application.

U T T O N AND SONS,

The Queen's Seedsmen, READING, BERKS.

s

EUCHARIS CANDIDA.— Good Bulbs by
the 100 or rooo. The flowers of this free flowering species
are extensively used for cutting. Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL. Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, S36, King's Road, Chelsea, London. S.W.

s

PIRyEA JAPONICA, 2-yr. transplanted.

Strong clumps, for forcing, loi. per ico
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery. Woking.

WO THOUSAND VINES for immediate

fruiting and for permanent planting, thoroughly ripened
Canes. CATALOGUE on application.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton '■ Nurseries. Chester.

pHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,

Vy Birch, Alder. Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst.

ANTED TO EXCHANGE.— Any GaT-

deners having a surplus stock of strong flowering

EUCHARIS AMAZONICA bULBS can have in return for

such a quantity of first-rate Standard or Half-standard

ROSES, alt best approved kinds, in full value, by applying to

\VM KNIGHT, Ivieh Huuse. Hayward's Heath.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden.
W. C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CL^T FLOWERS in any qaantiiie-;, Ternns on application.

Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Pitmaston PEARS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES beg to inform Senders

that the following a-e now in demand :—STEPH A-
NOTIS. EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ODONTOGI.OSSUM and other ORCHIDS, ROSES, &c. ;
al»o TOMATOS. CUCUMBERS. &c

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.

ANTED, 30 PINUS AUSTRIACA^

10 to 12 feet, to remove with good balls. State lowest
price delivered to Portslade Station, London, Brighton and
South Coast Railway.

W. BALCHIN, Nurseryman, West Brighton.

To Grape Growers.
"Vy UNWIN can now TAKE a FEW

VV • MORE CONSIGNMENTS, having greater demand.

W. UNWIN, Grape Salesman, 14, James' Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

ANTED.— PINES, Smooth Cayenne, 6

Strong Suckers, and 4 Succession Plants, clean.
Stale lowest orice on Rail to
HENRY WYNCH, Gardener, Welham Hall, Retford, Notts

Wanted, Bound or In Numbers,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
JAN. to JUNE 1875, and JAN. to JUNE 1877.
State price to PUBLISHER, Gardeners' Chronicle Ofiice,
4t, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Now Ready.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL
for 1885.
Contains a Complete List ol over 7250 Country Seats,
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the United Kingdom ; over 800
New Names have been added to the Gardeners' List during the
past season. There is also a Trade List, consisting of over 3350
names. Price u., by post u, yi.

To be had of all Nurserymen, Booksellers, and at the Officci
37, Southampton Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Chrysanthemums In Flower.

PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries,
Cheshunt, N., invite an Inspection of their Collection,
DOW in 5ne condition.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.— Strong Clumps
are in stock, and may be seen by Trade Buyers at
HOOPER AND CO.'S, Covent Garden. London, W.C.
Low Prices for Cash.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
Bulbs, 6j., gj,, I2X., l8r., and 24J. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30J. and 42J. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Chrysantlieinums.

CHARLES TURNER'S ANNUAL
EXHIBITION will commence on the rst, and continue
till the end of November.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

PIR^ A— SPI R^A— SPIR^A.—

100 Roots rsr. Would take 451. for 3go.
O. THOMAS, 3, Little Love Lane, Wood Street, London, B.C.

Spiraeas— Splrseao.
JULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, Ghent,

t/ Belgium.

SPIR/EA JAPONICA, first-class clumps.
Many thousand for sale. Prices on application.

Standard, Half- Standard, and Dwarf Hybrid

PERPETUAL ROSES.

HUGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, of
very fine qu3iity, grown on fresh land at their new
Nursery, Bush Hill Park, near Enfield, by the loo or looo,
at very low prices.

DIANTUM CUNEATUM, 5-inch pots,

good. ror. per dozen, .^4 per too.

Several large PALMS and TREE FERNS for sale.

GEO. WILLIAMS and CO., Swiss Cottage Gardens, Upton.

LARGE ARAUCARIaTeXCELSA for^leT
Also large SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS, from 3 to la ft.
E. COOLING. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby.
'Pgo TtncgR

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have this season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

To the Trade.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCK.—
Purple, White, Scarlet, New Crimson, and White Wall-
flower Leaved. All saved from the purest strains. Prices on
appIicalio:i.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, Seed Warehouse, 20,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS* Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

REESIA REFRACTA ALBA.

Long white belt-shaped flower for early blooming. Very
sweet scented. One of the most useful bulbs that can be grown.
See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter btreet, Strand, WC.

pCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. — The

V>' New Snow-white Coelogyne. One of the most lovely of
Orchids. Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and
Rare Plants, -^se, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W,

SANGSTER'S Improved No. i PEAS.—
Offers from the Trade requested for the produce of about
Sacres, now in rick and in splendid condition. Samples oaappli-
tation. JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. CovenI ry.

RUSSIA MATS. — Full Descriptive
CATALOGt;E has just been issued. The same will
be ^ent post-free to any who have not received one.
JAMES T. ANDERSON 149, Commercial St., London, E.

578

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

BulbB.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.. regularly three limes a week as abovh,
largeconsignmentsof first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large ai:d small buyers. The Salescom-
menceat half-past 12 o'Clock. finishing generally about so'Clock.
On view morniDgs of Sale, and Catalogues had.

2000 Llllum auratum, from Japan.

4500 TUBEROSES, LILlE>i in variety, and oiher BULBS.

TV/TK. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by

XVX AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, Kjng Street,
Covent Garden. W.C.. on TUESDAY, November 11, at half,
past 12 o'l lick precisely, a consignment of sooo LILIUM
AURATUM. from Messis. Hayashi & Co, of Japan: 4503
TU8ERO.>5ES. from South Africa ; Homegrown LlLIE^m
va.ietv ; .ibout 25 lb. of THRINAX RLCLINATA SEED ;
soo PRIMULA CASH M I RI ANA and ROSEA; also a quan-
tity of LfLlUM SPECIOSUV1, L. UMBELLATUM, L.
TIGRINUM, L. THUNEERGIaNUM, LILY of the
VALLEY: AMARYLLIS LONGlFOLIAt IKIS K.EMP-
FERI. &c., from Holland.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^

Thursday Nexc.-fSaie No. 6769 )
5000 extra fioe.Si>Ul H AFRICAN TUBEROSES.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
1.1 his SALE by AUCTION at Lis Great Rooms 38,
King's Street, Coveot Garden, W.C , 00 THURSDAY NEXT,
November 13

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next —(Sale No. 6769.)
SOPHRONITES GRANDIFLORA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSSDAV NFXT.
November 13, a cin-ignment of S0PHl<O^JIrES GRANDI-
FLORA, in line condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6769 )
ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM, O LOXENSE. SOBRA-
LIA ELlZMiETH.«. SACCOLABIU.vl HARRISONI-
ANUM. uDONTiitJLOSSUM EDWARDI

MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUt.,TI(lN, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr, F. Sander on IHURS-
DaV NEX r, November 13. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
a solendid importarion of ONCIDIUM LOXENSE ai.d
SOBRAl.I.'V ELIZABETH/i;, two extra (\rie and rate
ORCHIDS; also a small but suoerb lot of the rare S^CCO-
LABIUM HARRISONIANUM, among them soecim'.ns of
llnu^ual size, some in flower : also AEKIHES LAURENCI.E
and A- SANDERIAN A (true), mrnv CATl'LEYAS, ODOM-
TOGI.OSSUMS, &c. ; also a tew choice ESTABLISHED
ORCHID ^ many of which are in fliwer.

On view morning of Sale, ard Catalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
hi, ne.<t SALE of FLOW LRING ORCHIDS will
take place on THURSDAY, November 20. Gentlemen
desirous of entering plains (or this Sale will please send parti-
culars not Uter than THURSO.W NEXT.
AuctionR joins and Offices. 38. Kinn Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The Clock House, Clapham Common, S.W.

CLEARANCE .SALE.

MESSRS. J. McLACHLAN and SONS
have received instructions from J. Kemp Welch, Esq.,
ti SELL bv AUCTION, on the Premi-es, as above, on
WEDNE*iD*Y. Novemlier 12, at i2 o'Clock precisely, the
GRKENHOUSF PLANTS, IRON HOr.WATER PIPING,
GARDEN IMPLEMKNfS, LIGHT.S, and FRAMES,
about 4 loads ol MANURE, LEAD, IRON, and SLATE
CISTERMS, IRON HURDLES, and general OUTDOOR
EFFECT-;.

Catalogues of the AucttoDeer, The Pavement, Clapham
Commoa, S.W. ^__

Tuesday Next.— Dutch Bulbs.

ALTERA ITON of DAY, in consequence of the Lord

Mayor's Show.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their usual MONDAY'S SALE of
DUTCH BULB3 will be POSTPONED from Monday until

TUESDAY NEXT. NOVEMBER 11,
in consequence of the Lord Mayor's Show. To commence at
half-past 11 o'clock precisely.
Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapstde, London, E.G.

Thursday and Saturday Next —Dutch Bulbs.

UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Roims, fi7 and 68. Cheaosioe, London, E.G., on THURSDAY
and SATURDAY NEXT, at half-past 11 o'clock preci-ely,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other ROOTS, from
Holland, in lot> to suit the Trane and private Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Mllford Nurseries. Godalmlng, near the Mllford and

New Godalming Railway Stations.
ANNUAL SALE of First-class NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr, Maurice YoutiR to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Milford Nurseries. GodaU
miog, on TUESDAY, November ii, and two following days,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several Acres of beautifully
grown NUKSEkV STOCK, in fine condition for leinoval, and
lotted to suit the Trade and Private BuyefS. comprising 3000
specimen Evergreens and Conifers, looco Laurel rotundi'olium,
I 10 aJ4 feet ; 2000 green and variegated Aucubas. 3000 diiio
Bjx, 30J0 Herberts Darwinii, 5'oj Ketinospora aurea and R.
ft*ve-i-t:n8, I lo 2 ftet, huitabte r>r pot> ; lOco Cupressus Law-
soniana lutea, r to z fe*:! ; looi Euonyinus radlcans. soon fine
named and hvbnd Rhoiiodendrons, 300a Dwarl Roses, Fiuit
Tiecs. 5000 Red Currants, 3000 Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to
10 feet ; 100,000 Iransplaniea Forest Trees, 10,000 Evergreen
Privet, a to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce Firs, i to 3 leet — 3&00 fit lor
Christmas Trees ; and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Chcapsido,
London, E.C.

N.B.— Messrs. Prothbrob & Morris beg to call the
special attention of Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others
requiring well-grown stock for immediat* affect, to the above
highly important Sal*.

Wednesday Next.

A fine assortment of Hardy Englibh-growo LILIES and
BULBS, 300 CAMELLIAS and AZALEASfrom Belgium.
3C0 Standard RoSES of the beat sons, a selection of
PALMS, FERNS, and other DECORATIVE PLANTS.
and a variety of other PLANTS and BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their C^u'ial
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of 3al^, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.
10,000 LILIUM AUKaTUM, iooo LILIUM TENUI-
FOLIUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SE LL by AUC IION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside. E.G.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT.
November 12. at half-past 12 o'Clock preciiely, 10 oco LILIUM
AURaTUM, just received from Japan in splendid and sound
condition ; and 1000 fine bulbs of the true LILIUM TENUI-
FOLIUM.

On view morning of S^'e. and Catalogues had.

Leyconsiuue, Essex.

IMPORTANT SALE ot a lar^ie quantity of thriving NUR.
SERY STOCK, viz., choice bvcrgreen, C 'nifcrae, and
Deciduous Shrubs, Hardy American Plants, Ornamental
and Forest Trees, Selected Fnnt Trees, 2000 Siandaid.
Dwarf, and other Roses, choice Greenhouse Plants, Double
Primulas, Vines, Sec

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the ab ive, on the Premises,
The American a"d Filltbrook Nur^erieR. adj Jining the Railway
Station, on THURSDAY and FKlDAY, November 13 and 14,
at 12 o'Clock precisely each day.

Full particulars in Catalogues, which may be had on the
Prenii«;es, and nf the Aucti-vneer*;, ^^ and 68 Cheapside E C.

Tnursaay aud Siturdav Wext.

DUTCH BULBS.-UNRb.sEKVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCITON. at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63. Cheapside, E.G., on THURSDAY and SATUR-
DAY NEXT, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely, extensive
consignments of the best named HYACINIHS, TULIPS,
CROlUS, NARCISSUS, and other ROOTS, from Holland,
in lots to suit the Trade and private Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next

Highly Important SaLE u{ IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

GATTLFYA AMETHVSTOGl.oS.-iA,

PHAL^NOPSIS SANDERIANA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G.. on FRIDAY NEXT, Novem-
ber 14. at half-past 12 o'Clock p'ecisfly, by order of Messrs.
Hugh Low & Co., a large quantity of choice Imported
ORCHIDS, comprising maivellouily fine specimens, probably
the best hitherto offered, in grand condition, of Cattleya
amethystnglossa and C. gigas imperialis Sanderiana varieties,
the former seen by collector with forty to forty-five flowers on a
sptke ; Phala:aop-is Sanderiana. Cattleya labiata varieties, from
Espritu Sant'i ; C. Leopoldi, C. Loddigesi, G. Schilleriana. C.
Mendeli, Odoniogl )ssum Alexandra, fine ; O. luieo-purpureum,
Oncidium varicosum Rogerai varieties, O. Krameri, O. crispum,
Vauda Sanderiana. Masdevallia racemosa Crossi, Cyoripediums,
D^ndrobiums, and other choice Orchids. Also 3000 EUCHARIS
BULBa, from ihe Cauca.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

AsHtord, Kent.

CLEARANCE SALE of remarkably well grown NURSERY

STOCK, ihe land being required by the Burial Board.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MOkRIS
are instructed by Mr. T. Bunyard to SELL by
>\UCTION on the Premises, The Barnfield Nursery, Ashford,
Kent, on Tuesday, November 18 at 11 o'Clock precisely, in
con?equenceof the large number of lots, the whole ot the beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising about 20,000
Ornamental and Forest Trees, including 10.000 Chesuuts, 5000
Ash, 5000 Laurel, Coniftrs, and Evergreens in great variety,
suitable for imtnediate effective planting ; Standard and Pyra-
mid Frnit Tiees, 2000 Standard and Dwarf Roses, and other
stick.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had of Mr. T.
BU NYARD, Nurseryman, Ashford, Kent, or of the Auctioneers
and Valuers. 67 and 68 Che-p-ide. London. E.G.

The FaUowfleld Collection of Orclilda.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London,
E.G., on TUESDAY. November r8. at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a very valuable lot of (ESTABL1^HED ORCHIDS.
comprising many large specimen and rare Orchids, among

others

Gypriptdium vexillarium

,, Swannnum

„ Chaniini (in flower)

,, albo marginatum

,, cauddtum roseum
Vanda cri-tata

,, suavis Veitchii

„ insignis (Ainsworth's

variety)

,, Lowi
Ccelogyne crislata (Chatsworth

variety,
Aerides larpentaj

Aerides suivissimum flavidum
(Pince's original plaiil)

,, odoratum piirpurascens
Cattleya labiata Pe^catcrei

,, Skinneri alba
Dendr'ibium Ainswortht

„ Wanl'anum (old variety)

,, SchtOJeii

., cras^inode album
Saccolabium letusum
Odontoglossum Edward!

,, mulus
aspersum

And many grand sepcimens of GAITLEYAS, &c.

Od view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sutton, Surrey.

Twodays'Saleofremarkablv well grown NURSERY STOCK,

MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. H. Potter to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Piemises. the Mid-Surrey Nurseries. Benhill Street.
Su'ton, close to the Sutton and Carshalion Railway Stations, on
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, November 18 and ig. at
12 o'CiOck preci-e'y each day. a large quantity of remarkably
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising tine specimens of
Cedrus Deodara, Piceas. Cupressus, sixty Weliinglonias, splendid
trees; 2COO Laurels of so'ts. a to 4 feet; sooo oval-leaved
Privet. 2 tu 3 leet; io;o Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2 to 4 feet ;
500 Chinese Arbor-vitae, 2 to 3 feet ; aooo Standard, Half-
Standard and Dwarf Roses; Standard, Weeping, .ind other
Variegated Hollies, Yews. Aucubas ; Standard Ornamental
Trees, and other Shrubs. Also a variety ol Greenhouse Plants,
Azaleas, Camellias. Palms. Ferns ; a large quantity of Ivies in
pots, Window Plants, &c, , „ .

May now be viewed, and Catalogues had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
' London, E.G.

Ascot.

IMPORTANT SALE.

To the Trade and other Large Buyers,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. J. Standibh & Co . to SELL
by AUCVKjN, on the Fremi'.es, Th-; Royal Nurseries. Ascot,
on WfeONESDAYand THURSD.AY, November 26 and 27,
at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, several acres of remarkably
well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including 40,000 Pinus
au^ttiaca and 30,000 P. Laricio, 2-yr. transplanted and seed-
lings: 1500 ditto, 2 to 4 ft. ; 6co J Spruce, i to 4 ft. ; 15 oso'-eed-
ling Scotcn Fir; 12.0C0 ditto, 2 to 5 ft. ; 3500 Weymouth Pine^,
60^0 Ornamental Trees, 6 to 9 ft. ; 30C0 green H jliies, 2 ft ;
15.000 common Laurels, i to 3 ft. ; 6500 Lautus caucasicum, r
to 3 ft. ; 2000 Retinosporas, lojo named Rhododendrons,
budiied ; 500 Border Shrubs, 650 Cupressus Lawsoni alba and
com pacta, z%, to ■2% ft. ; Rctinospora plumosa alba, 30c c
Conifers, ol sorts, 2 to 7 ft. ; 100 Standaid, Pyramid, and
Trained Fruit Trees ; 1000 Standard. Half-standard, and D*3if
Roses, and a quantity of GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may he had on the
Premises ; or of the Anctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and i%,
Cheapside. London, E.C.

Important Sale of Stove and Greenhouse Plants.

MESSRS. HUTCHISUiN and DlXON
will SELLbyAUCTION.on MONDAY, November 10.
at the Mart, 7. W'est Nile Street, Glasgow, commencing at
12 o'clock, noon. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
(JRCHIDS. FERNS. STAlUARY, &c„ which belonged i..
the late A. B. Stewart, Esq., Rawcliff Lodge, Langside, aud
removed for convenience of Sale.

Note — The Auctioneers beg to call the special attention of
inteiidine purchasers to the above Sale. The Orchids and
Odontnglossums are all the very best selected varieties, many
of ihem being specimens of the fiaest order. The Ferns are a'l
rare sorts of their kind (two of them being, perhaps, the finest
and largest in Europe) selected by Mr. Stewart with the
greatest care ; and altogether the collection ii one of the best
offered in Glasgow for a considerable time.

Full particulars in Catalogues, now ready, to be had free upon
application to the Auctioneers.

Great Clearance Sale of Greenhouse, Stove, and

OTHER ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.

THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
CO. (Limited) have resolved to DISPOSE, of by
PUBLIC AUCTION, without reserve, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY, November t3 and 14, at 11 o'Clock eachday.the
whole of the valuable contents of the extensive Plant-houses at
New Golden Acre. Granton Road, comp'isiog many thousands
of the leading Ornamental Plants, such as PALMS. DRA-
CAENAS, FICUS. FERNS. AZALEAS. CAMELLIAS.
Tea ROSES. VIN ES, &c., well worthy of the attention of the
Trade and others.

Catalogues are in preparation, and may be had from THE
LAWSON COMPANY, George IV. Bridge; or f.om the
Auctioneer, DAVID MITCHELL, 6. Comely Bank, Ed iuburgh.

laleworth, Middlesex.

SALE of EXCEEDINGLV VALUABLE FREEHOLD

and COPYH(JLD PROPERTIES.

MR. E. P. NEWMAN will SELL by AUC-
TION.at the Auction Mart. Tokenhouse Yard. l..ondon,
E.G., on TUESDAY, Nov. 18. at 12 o'Clock, about 15M acres
of exceed.rgly fertile FRUIT PLANTATIONS kno« n as the
Mogden Huuse Gardens, together with two wcl -built detached
residences thereon. Cottage, and convenient Outbuildings,
situate iu the Twickeiiham Road; also the Fruit Plantation
known as Lewis' Garden, containing about 3 acres. The Land
is well iilanted with Fruit Trees, and has extensive frontages
admirably adapted for Building Purposes, being within a few
minutes' walk of three Railtvay Stations, and which will be sold
in four lots.

Particulars, with Plans, can be obtained of Messrs. TYLEE,
WlCKHAM AND MOBERLY, Solicitors, 14, Essex Street,
Strand ; of A. T. DRAPER, Esq., Surveyor, Leicester ; E. D.
DRAPER, Esq., Solicitor, Bromley, Kent ; and of the Auc-
tioneer and Estate Agent, 41, High Street, Uxbridge, and
Hillingdon, Middlesex.

Froghall Nursery, Enfield Chase, Southgate,

lYz mde from New Barnet and Oak'ey Park Stations, Great
Northern Railway, main line.

7000 Standard. Half-Standard, and Dwarl ROSES. The col-
lecnon comprises all the leading varieties, and are remark-
ably healthy and well grown.

MR. J. HARLAND will SELL by AUC-
TION, upon the Premises, as above, by order of the
proprietor, Mr. C. M, Lindsey, on FRIDAY. November 21, at
12 o'Clock preci-ely, on account of the number of kti. "The
lots are arranged to suit the trade, and also private purchasers.
Ten days will be allowed to clear the ground.

Catalogues may be had seven days prior to the day of Sale at
the Nursery, the usual Inns in the neighbourhood, and by post
from Ml. J. HARLANDS Auction and Estate OfliL-es. High
Barnet.

rpo BE DISPOSED OF, a first-class SEED

JL BUSINESS, in one of the laigest towns in the Midland
Counties.
Apply. Z. Y. X . Hur<;t & Son. rga, Houndsditch. London, E.

OR SALE a NURSERY and SEED

BUSINESS at the thriving Market "Town of Denbigh
(North Wales). Nurseries »boui 14 acres, with a good saleab.c
stock of Forest, Fruit, and other Trees and Shrubs, Gieenhouse,
&c. Very favourably situated near to railw.-iy station. Land
in good condition and on e.isy terms. Premises (leasehold, and
rent low) for Seed Business, situated in the centre of the tuwn
in the main street, to be disposed of on favourable t(.rmk to
purchaser.

All particulars on application to Mr. HUGH ROBERTS,
Crypt Chambers, Chester.

F^OR SALE, a NURSERY, Old-establiahed,
with many acres of Prime Stock suitable for the inci easing
wants of a large seaside resort. The numerous Green ai.d
Forcing H<iuses are in full working order. Very e.t yteims
may bo made by a responsible purchaser, as the owner u
adv.incing in years and desirous of retiring. No agents.

Apply bv letter to Mr. LAMB, 14, Thavies Ino, Holborn,
Loudon, W.C.

To Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners and others.
'pO BE SOLD, by Private Contfact, the

X BUSINESS of NURSERYMAN and LANDSCAPE
GARDENER, carried on (or nearly lifty years by the late Mr.
Thomas Coudiey. and lately by his Son and Successor (who is
declining the business on account of ill-health), at the Edgbastou
and St. James' Nurscties, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Apply, for particulars, at 6, Ampton Road, Edgbastou. il

November 8, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

579

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, Guernsey.
A rare opportunity is ofiFeted to Florists and Gardeners,
in the sale of the well-known and well-connected _ Rohais
Nursery, sitviate about i mile from the harbour, in the island of
Guernsey. Established over 50 years. This Nuisery is well
known in England for its famous and rare collection of Camellias
and Bulbs. It is nr»w to be disposed of through the death of its
laioowner, Mr. B.Willis. The Nursery contains good Residence,
with a!^ acres of rare superior Land, through which runs a
stream of frc^h water. The whole is well laid out and stocked
wiih Trees. Plants, Shrubs, Flowers, as well as a superior col-
lection ot Camellias. There are besides 8 Cotiserv-itories,
Vineries, Camellia Houses, and over aoo feet cf Forcing Frames,
and Camellia Pus. The whole in good working order. The sale
will take place on the Premises on Wednesday, Nov. 19. at ip.m.
Forparticulars.apply toMr. E. QUERI PEL, Solicitor, Manor
Place, Gjernsey ; or, to Mr. H. SOTTER. on the Premises.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural, Market Garden and Estate Auction beks and
Valuers, 67 and 6S. Cheapside, London, E.C., and at Leyion-
stone, E Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

TOHN^KENNARDS, HORTICULTURAL

f ' Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sard, and Berkshire Pottery

Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite.

Swan Place, Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854.

Hyacinths in Pota.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

Rhubarb ana Seakale Forcing.

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

''fi MILLINGTON AND CO., ENGLISH
*- • and FoBHiGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

To THE TRADE. — Special ofter of
SPIR.Ei lAPONICA, extra strong clumps; LILY OF
THE VALLEY, extra strong clumps; LILY OF THE
VALLEY, finest German Crowns ; GLAD lOLUS BRENCH-.
LEUENSIS, extra large : AFRICAN TUBEROSES, first
quality Prices upon application to

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT. and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn, London, W.C.

Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting
in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vioeyard and Nurseries, Garston. Liverpool.

A QUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (Grigor's

-iA- var.). — This, the most beautiful ot all Columbines, should
have a place in every collection (see article in Gardeners^
Chranicle for last week). Strong flowering plants at sj, per
dozen, or 31. per half-dozen, in both cases carriage paid for
Cash with Order.

JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres. N.B.

ILLIAM BARRON AND SON'S

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Forest Trees, Conifers,
and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons,
Roses, &c., is now ready, and may be had, post-free, on
application.

Elvaston Nurseries, Bonrowash, n«ar Derby.

To the Trade, and Others.

DWARF ROSES. — Several thousands to
offer, really fine stuff, of all the varketies worthy of culti-
vation, at 6j. per dozen, ot 40^. per ico, cairiage paid. Cash
with ail orders.
WILLIAM DEEDMAN, Little PosbrooIce,Titchfield, Hants.

ELLEBORUSl^rG"ER~(ChUtmas Rose).

— Just arriving, a large Importation of this grand
Winter Flower — good roots — in good condition. Exceptionally
low prices on application to

WATKINS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

HEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs

of this sweet-scented Narcissus loi. per bushel, 6^. per
half bushel, 35. fid. per peck. Terms cash with order. Package
free, Post-office Orderii payable Walton-on-Thames.

J. E. ALDERSON, Bell Farm, Hersham, near Walton-on-
Thames, Suirey,

H ITE CHRYSANTHEMUMS

(Elaine). — A large quantity of very fine blooms, at
3s. per 100. Cash with order.

R. E. CLACK. Florist. Redhill. Surrey.

ANCASHIRE LAD GOOSEBERRY

BUSHES for Sale, three years old.— For particulars
apply to W. MANN, Mogden, Isleworth.

AMELLIAS.— To be Disposed of, Cheap,

for want of room, one Alba plena, ia tub ; two Double
Red, in large pots. — Apply to

E. ROGERS, The Gardens, Serlby Hall, Bawtry.

EAKALE for F ORC I NG. — Superior

selected roots, 901. per :ooo ; under 500. loj. per 100. All
orders prepaid. A sample forwarded if required.

ALFRED ATWOOD, Market Gardener, 50, Shillington
Sticpt, Pattersea S.W.

FADING HERO POTATO.— 300 Tons

of this extraordinary heavy cropping Potato, true stock,
for Sale cheap, to save storing,

BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.

EACH TREES (Standard), for SALE, very

lar<e— for want of room ; also two FIGS, For particulars,
G. BAILEY, Abshot Road, Titchfield, Hants.

"IVTARY MORRI S,"

-LtX BORDER CARNATION.— Two First-class Cer-
tificates, «, a pair, 15J. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
nuMT.— H. G. SMYTH, ai, Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C. *

BIRMINGHAM CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIEIV.
SPECIAL NOTICE ol AHDUTONAL PRIZES for Cut
Bloomsof CHKYSANTHFMUMS, lobegiven a. the Show,
to be held in the Town H.ill, Birminghim, on WEDNESDAY
and 1 HURSDAV. November 19 and 20.
g.— ^S blooms of Chrysanthemums, 24 incurved and 24 Japanese
(distinct) —ist Piize, ^lo : 2d Prize, ^7 ; 3d Prize, ^,4;
4th Prize. £,-i-
10.— 24bioomsof Clirysanthemums, la incurved and n Japanese
(distinct).- ist Prize, ^4 ; 2d Prize, C' \ 3d Pnze, £,\.
It.— 18 blooms of Chtysanthcmiims, incurved (distinct). —

1st Prize, .^3 : ad Prize, £,i \ 3d Pri/e. Zi.
12. — 12 blooms of Chrys-amhemiims. Jap.xnese (distinct). —

ist Prize, j[,i ; 2d Prize, .^1 ; 3d Prize, idj.
13- — r* blooms of Chrys.7rithemunis, Auemone (not less than six
varieties). — ist Prize, £j\ ; aa Prize, \^s ; 3d Piize, ici.
14.— 12 blooms of Chiyi-anthemums, incurved (distutct), to be
grown within 3 mdes of Stephenson Place. — ist Prize,
^i 105 ; sd Prize, ^i ; 3d Prize, ici".
Application to the Secretary,

J. MORLEY, Sherborne Road. Birmingham.

U L L and EAST RIDING

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW will be held in
the Public Koonis, Jarratt Street, Hull, on THURSDAY and
FRI DAY, November 20 and 2t.

The Prizes, which amount to nearly ONE HUNDRED
POUNDS for CHRYSANTHEMUMS alone, include the
following :— 48 Bloom. .^C'o, ^7, £i„ £,2.

24 Blooms, £^, £1 I05., Xl>, loj.
Schedules may be had on application to

R. FALCONER JAMESON, ) Hon.
WM. HAWKSWORTH, f Sec>.

Queen's Dock. Hull.

CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. MiLNER, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstratian Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 i>.m Prospectus and

full pariiculats on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

MANETTI and DE LA GRIFFERAIE
STOCKS. — A few ihr.usand strong, healthy, and well
rooted, to offer, fit for immediate working. Samples and price
on application to
J. BURRELL AND CO., Howe House Nurseries, Cambridge.

PALMS (young), strong healthy English-
grown Sea'onhia elegans and Lalania borbonica, io| to
t2 inches high, nicely furnished, 251. per 100, 4^. per dozen.
Carriage paid for cash with order only.
The GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N.

FOR SALE, 50 large SPECIMEN PLANTS
— 10 Seaforlhia elegans. 9 feet high; 12 Latania bor-
bonica, ro feet in diameter : ro Tree Ferns, 8 feet stems; 18
Drac3£Ga-s, from 2 feet to 10 feet high. Apply to

Mr. W. FREEMAN THOMAS, between 12 and 2 o'clock
Covent Garden Theatre ; or, by letter, to Mr. J. FORSYTH
JOHNSON, go, New Bond Street, W.

ERNS — FERNS — FERNS.

Adiantum cuneatum, A. trapeziforms, A. gracillimnm,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata vatiegaia. Uteris serrulata
cristata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 63's, aci. per ico.

Adiantum cuneaium, A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 and
4!^ inch pots. 40J. to 501. per 100, according to size ; Aoiantum
Pdcotti, in 60*3, 33J. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and ^% inch pots, 50.^.
per roo.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyardjj and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

Cape Bulbs.

THE BOTANIC GARDENS, Capetown,
Cape of Good Hope, are now Booking Orders for Bulbs
and Terrestrial ORCHIDS, deliverable ab^ut February next.
Price Lists on application ED H UTT. Seed Manager.

Grape Vines.—Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, post-free on application.
Early Orders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, N.

Lily Of the Valley. ~

ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Liibeck, near
Hamburgh, offer the above, 3-years old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34*. per loco, three months terms. Terms for cash on
application.

QNE HUNDRED THOUSAND Dwarf

^-^ ROSES, on Manetti. fine, 331. per 100, £,\q ioj. per
icoo ; 200.000 ASPARAGUS, Giant and Connover's. 2-yr, , loj.,
fine; 3-yr. very fine. 151.; 4-yr. , extra, 2Qj. — ail at per 1000.
MANETTI STOCKS, strong, for immediate working, 301. per
1020. Cash with all orders. The best money can buy.

R. LOCKE, Royal Rose Farms. Red Hill. Surrey.

pABBAGE PLANTS.— Early Rainham and

V^ Enfield Market, "iS. (>d. per loon, best stock in the coun-
try ; Connover's Colossal ASPARAGUS ROOTS, fine. 3-yr.,
20J. per io;o ; a-yr. ditto, 145'. per looa ; SEAKALE, for forc-
ing, solei.did crowns, lor. per 100 ; best sovereign RHUBARB
BOOTS, earliest in cultivation, for iorcing, 6s. per dozen. ; fur
planting out, is. per dozen. Terms cash.

RICHARD WALKb-R, Market Carders. Biggleswade.

To the Trade

CUCUMBER SEEDS.— Tender and True
and Telegraph, of our own saving. Carefully selected
stocks which we can offer with confidence. Price on application.
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.

ARGE PEACH TREES for SALE (fan-

trained) : were moved last winter, ar.d have since borne a
good crop ; full of beautilul wood ; would move well. Also
some trained CHERRIES, one NECTARINE, and some
smaller PEACH TREES, owing to want of room. Full par-
ticulars on app. cation to

W. H. DIVERS, Ketton Hall. Stamford.

N

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Speciality.— 420
varieties, guaianteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's
selection, is. 6d. per do7en, \6s. per 100 ; cuttings, ts. td. per
dozen. loi. per 100 ; W. t.'s selection, cheaper. For the new
English and Continenul varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Es^ay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspectinn invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

ASPBERRY CAN E S .—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' PioHfic
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser buuig the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in Engl.ind. special c:tre will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting.
Lowest cash terms on application to

R. BATH, Crayford, Kent.

LILY OF THE VALLEY. — Clumps for
forcinp, the best ever offered, i8j. per dtJ^en.
WILLIAM BULL, F. L.S., Establishment for New and
Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

Peipetuals sent on receipt of remittance (or 21J, ; pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards, atJ.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Extier, Devon.

Aquatics.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest Collection of above in the country, and can supply
Haidy Herbaceoub and Alpine Plants, in 100 showy varieties,
from 50J. ^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S W.

EW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY,

Colchester.
Special offer of NARCISSI.
Special offer of IRIS.
Special offer of GLADIOLI.
Special offer of JAPANESE LILIES.
Large, plump, and in splendid condiiioii.

Helleborus nlger— Christmas Rose.

ARIEMSCHNEIDEK, Brandenburg on
• Hivel, near Berlin, begs to offer strong Clumps of the
above at Zs. per 100, jos. per 1000. Orders should be
addressed to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
London, E.G.

QPECIAL CHEAP O F F E R.—

O ALDER, ASH. BIRCH. F.LM. Austrian PINE.
MAPLE, OAK (English), PRIVET ovahfoUa, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from a to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet : YEWS, extra strong ; .SVCA.
MORES. ^to6reet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, xH to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from 1 to q feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted
IVIES in variety. LAURIlLS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to 5 feet: RETINOSPOKAS, in soils, 1 10 6 f et ; English
YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants; Cunning-
ham's White CAULAalCUM PlCrUM JACKSONIANA,
&c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSKS.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MAITHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke-on-Ttent.

OBERT- AND GEORGE NEAL beg to

inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be mtend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time ts
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A persun^l visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W,

Planting.

WFROMOW AND SONS invite the
• attention of Gentlemen, Builders, Gardeners, and
others, intending planting, to inspect their stock of RHODO-
DENDRONS, TREES. SHRUBS. ROSES, CLIMBERS,
&c.. which cannot be surpa>sed. Prices will be found low for
really good stuff, delivered free within lo miles. Descriptive
CAFALOGUE of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, &c.. post-free onappii-
cation. Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W,

Branch Nurseries : Hounslow and Acton Green.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. — Roses,
Rhododendrons, Fniit Trees, Deciduous and Evergresa
Trees and Shrubs, Conifers Clematis, and oiher Climbing
Plants, &c. Our new CATALOGUf._ of the above is now
ready, and may be had, free, on application.
H. LANE AND SON, Ihe Nurseries, Berkhampste<id, Herts.

CAPE^ FLOWERS~Cr884~Crop)^^'^r~ Fim
ConC'ignment of Cape Flowers, ex Trojan, has arrived
in excellent condition. Sample and prices on application.

CURRY, SOPER, FOWLER and CO.. Horticultural
Sundries Merchants, Finsbury Street, London, E.C.

Fnilt Trees, offered to the Trade by

HUGH LOW AND CO.
APRICOTS, Dwarf Maiden, 6or. per loo ; £,zi los.
per looo.
„ Dwarf- trained, 24J. and 30s. per dozen ; iCg per too.
CHERRIES, Dwarf Maiden, 40s. per 100.
,, May Duke and More lo, $os. per ico.
,, Dwarf-trained, tSs., 21s., 2.(v, per dozeo.
,, 2-yr., feathered. 60s. ptr tco.
NECTARINES, Dwarf Maiden, for. per 100; £27 los. per

1C03.

,, Dwarf-trained. 24s., 30J. per dozen ; jCS ics per 100.

., Standard Maiden, 30*. per dozcn.
PEACHES, Dwaif Maiden, 60s. per 100 ; £iy 10s. per 1000,

,, Dwarf-trained, 245., 301. per dozcn ; £8 los. per ico.

,, Standard Maiden, 30J. per dozen.
PEARS. Dwarf Maiden, on Pear and Quince, 40s. per too.

,, Dwar'-lrained, 21s., 241. per dozen.

M Pyramids on Quince, 50J. , 60s. per 100.

., a-yr., feathered, on Pear stock, 501. per 100,
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, 40^. per loc.

,, Dwarf- trained, i8f,, zir., 24J, per dozen ; £7 per 100.

,, 2-yr., feathered, $os., 60s. per 100.

Th« tr«es offered above are all of very fine quality,
Clapton Nursery, London, £.

58o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 18S4.

Orchids a Speciality.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that,
without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO. . ^ „

very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all
lovers of this interesting acd beautilul class of plants,
whether purchasers or not.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

LILIUM AURATUM,

HOME-GROWN BULBS,

As exhibited by us at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Show, South Kensington, October 14, 15. and 16, when we
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for them, the bulbs
being acknowledged " splendid." Set: all Gardening Papers in
October (or comments. Mr. W. Patbrson. Head Gardener to
H.M. the Queen, says:—'^ K splendid sample." Home-Grown,
If. dd , ■2S., IS. 6d., and 3s. 6d. each ; imported, gd., is., is. 6d ,
and aj. each, and from 6s per dozen.

For a fine collection of LILIES and other BULBS see
CATALOGUE, free on application.

COLLINS BROS. & GABRIEL.
Bulb Growers and Importers, 39. Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS,

Single DAFFODILS.

Pheasant-eyed NARCISS.

Double White Sweet-scented NARCISS.

Campernelle JONQUILS.

Double Incomparabilis N.^RCISS.

Biflorus NARCISS.

Obvallaris NARCISS (Tenby DAFFODIL).
For Prices of above and many other varieties of Narciss, also
Hyacinths, Tulins. Crocus, and all Dutch. English, and French
Bulbs, see ,-.ur BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANT.S, EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.
Special Prices far Large (Jua?ililies,

EXPIRATION OF LEASE,

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

RHODODENDRONS. Standard, 4000
to select from, of finest-named
kinds, perfect specimens, from
1/4 to 5 feet throueh the head lo]
„ Bush, do. , 5. 6, 7, and 8 feet high . .
„ Dwaif and Sweet-scented, 1 to a%
feet high, consisting of R.
fragrans, Wilsoni, Goveni-

ANDROMEDA ' FLORIBUNDA;

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3

feet high . .
AZ.-VLEAS. I to 3 (eet high
A fine lot of P. jMORDMANNIANA.

T. LOBBII. WELLlNGTONIA.i

CUPRESSUS. RKTINOSPORAS,

THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and!

manyotheriinfinecondition lor removal
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-
mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars..

Horse Chestnut. Scarlet Che'^inut,

Sorbus, Th -rns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxlnus aucubrefolia, Scarlet Oak;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and.

Poplar, 6 to 15 feet high
LlGUSTkUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to
4 feet, per 100

„ common, i lo 2J4 feet
Laurel, common, I to 3 feet

,, ciucas-ica. 1 10 aj^ feet ,.

,. Portugal, ^% to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..

BROOM, White

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and

Climbers

CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe-

lopsis Veitchii ..
ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ;

smaller. 1 to 3 feet.
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
RETINOSPORA aUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

1 to 3 feet

WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA,

18 inches

COB NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, a to

6 feet high, 251. lo 75J, per ko.
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, lo

clear, ^s each.
SPIRJEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest

stock in Europe, 25J per loo,
ERICAS in variety, 201. per 100.

LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff, 31. per dozen, 151. per 100,
PERIWINKLE, loj. per 100.

Thouiands of other things too numeront for an advertise-
f»ettt are on o^er^ and inquiries or a viiit ivill be found very
advantageous.

Ordinary
Price.

Reduced
to

105/- 10/6

til- '•/-

3>/.i 5/-
15/- 10/)

2I6 ..

./6 -/9

.</6 a/6
,16 ..

5/- ■/-
./6 ..

ic/6 5/- i/- ■/-

..^

lo/i
2 /-

3/r

■h
10/-

1/6

12 to

No reasonable
ofTer refused ; or
quotations will
be given.

25r. per ico

o

E

The only Go^d Medal given for Roses by the Royal
Horticultural Society in 1884 was awarded to

WM. PAUL & SON

(Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty
the Queen),

WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS.

250 acres of Land in 3 counties. More than 1000
First Prizes have been awarded lo their Exhibits over
the last 35 years, including 37 Prizes in one week, and
5 Silver Cups in one day. 500.000 Roses in 2000 varieties
on Sale. Priced CATALOGUE Free.

DUTCH FLOWER BULBS.

Roman HYACINTHS. SNOWDROPS, and DAFFODILS
at Wholesale Prices.

Impotled BULBS exceptionally fine this season.

Catalogue sent gratis on application to

E. J. JARMAN,

The People's Seedsman. Chard, Somerset.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

liOBD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest R;ispberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
Strong Canes, 15^. per^dozen, £^s^- per 100. Usual allow-
ance to the Trade a. FADLKNOR,

I N KPEN, HUNGERFORD.

JOHN LAING & CO.

of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Pes: or by Rail,
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , ic/6. rf/-, 21,'-, 25/-, 30/-, and 4 /-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, itc , rea.iy.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill. S.E.

sC 2 50 AC R E S ^

sk hardi'ly grov>/n J^

EVERGREENS)

-: ° » ALL • OTHER.. ° -{

■4 TR E ES ■:•&■■:■ PLANTS^

^- <^ UNEQUALLED FOR C^^^ — '

^Variety, QuALJTY AND ExtentT)-

-^PRICED-CATALOGUES' POST- FREE^

-JAMES DSCKSON &SOMS.

"Newton" nurseries, CHESTER.

rf^UTBUSH'S MILL-

V^ TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN. — Too well known to require
description. Price 6s. per biishtl
(ij. extra per bushfl for package), or
td per cake ; free by Parcels Po^t, \s.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, wiih our signature attached.
I WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merch.ints. Hie^E^te Nurseries. N.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman'a ClematiB,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

CHAKLES NOBLE, Bagshot.

HARTLAND'S Little Book of DAFFODILS.

A most complete *' Little Book " of Irish and other DsflTidils
may be had on application. Some very ra'' e forms are offered
for llie first time, and over loo varieties to select from. Please
enclose 6a. lo cover exclusive expense of Catalogue, which is very
uncommon. "^LHAM BAYLOR HARTLANO,

Seedsman, &c., " Old Establibhed " Waiehouse,
54, Patrick Street, Cork.

A S P E G 1 A L 1 T Y.
Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb Coll- ct ion of all the leading Varieties in Cultiva-
tion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PON II-
CUM and HYBRIDS for Pl.intations and Coverts.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, fur 30J.

These plant«, being thus prepared, may be erown in any
ordinary fibrous loam, without the expensive addition of peal
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants-

New crop row harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties. i/-and
2/6 perpackrt ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties. 2/0 ana f/- per packet.
COLLECIIONS, lanamed varieties, separate, 7/5
*. 6 named varietie-, ^cparate. 4/-

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Eundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Culiivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over I200 Species and Varieties free on application.
_ LARGE CATALOGUE (Price le.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Ftra
Culture," and other useful and interesting informattcn.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted MURSERY
STOCK:—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4,5. 6, 7, 8 to\
,, laurifolia. ditto. [lo (eet high. |

,, Hedging", 3, 4, 5 to 8 feet.

, myriifolia, ditto. J- many thousands.

,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet
,, Yellow-beriied, aUaclarensc and others.
,, Variegated, of sorts, ■%. 4, 5, 6, 8 to toft..
„ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, aDd^6 feet, 8 to 15 feet

in ciicumfr.rtnce.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o(

beauti'iil specim'rn'^.
„ Ptrry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, tt;n to firicen years' growih, hundreds.
., new Golden Weepirg, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, s, 6 to 7 feet, nany

thousai ds.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousand>.

,, Golden, ol ad sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size untqualltd.
,, Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreos,
CUPRfcSSUS tRECTA VIKIDIS, 3, 4. 5, 6 to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoiuana K.tea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
"specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. r^. 4. and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousand.s 3. 4. 5.6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. 1 he plants are covcrtd wuh bud».
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties kiiown, 2, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese. 7. 8, and 10 feet high.

,, Chinese <j'^lden, 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ D0UGL.'\S1I, 3 to 5 feet, thou>.ands.
„ ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORiENTAMS, 4. 5, 6to 10 leet, hundreds.
„ HOOKEKIANA, 7. to 5 feet.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA, 1% to 2 (eet. hundreds.
PICEA C( INCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds,
„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 10 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA. 2 to 3 feet, hut d.eds.
,, NOB'LIS. 1% 103 leet, ihousaids.
., NORDMANNIANA. 6, 7, to 10 feet.
„ PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
,, PUNGENS, i\i to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEM BRA. 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI (Cedar oJ Lebanon) 3 lo 5 Itet.
THUIA OCCII;b.NTALlS LU I'EA, 3 to 6 feet, hunditd-.
THUIOPSIS r.OREM.lS, 3 to 5 fret, hundreds.
KETIi\05P(^RA(^liTUSA AUREA, 3 10 6 leet, hundreds.
,, PISIFERA AURF,A(truc), 3 to 6 leet.
„ PLUMOSA AUKEA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, V/oklng Station, Surrey.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

Every plant is well-grown, and my Standard,
Half-Standard, and Dwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever oliered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

FRANK CANT,

TlIK MILE END NURSERIES, COLCHESTER.

^Iltf Winner of over 150 1st Prizes for Roses. " No Con-
nection with any other Person of the same Name "

BULB C3 A TA L O G U E ,
"HOOPER'S."

The most complete. The lowest firices.
Beautiful Coloured Illustrations.

Price 4d., wlilch I3 retumea In the first purohaee.

HOOPER AND CO., COVENT GARDEN.
LONDON. W.C.

LalnE's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal In

November. Per doz.

Sl.indards, choicest and best sorts .. l8j. and al/.

H.df-standards ,, ,, 5'- ■• 1^.

L>»'Ulf^> 9<. ■> >».

Our selection of above Fcrpetu.ils.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

November S, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

^81

PH CE N I X RECLINATA. —

New Seed, ij, per oz. (.ibout Sd seeds),
HOOPER ANB CO., CoveDt Cirden. London, W.C,

Lily Of the Valley! ~

T\7"ILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and

• » Horticultural Agent, Covent Claiden, W.C., h.is
upwards of 203.000 strong flowering German Crowns lot disposal,
in the finest possible condition.

Orchids.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at pieseut a Rrand
srocVofDkNDROBlUMS. in variety, and other E.isi Indian
ORCHinS, also CATTLEYAS and other valuable ORCH I r)S
from South America, and they aie constantly receiving fre>h
importation!;. Price LISTS and lull particulars on apphcation.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gaiston,
Liverpool,

REDERICK PERKINS begs to call

atteniicn to the following larRe-sized EVERGREEN
SHRUBS, which have been leoioved evciy other reason, are
all peifect well grown Specimens— will travel any distance.
Through trucks to any R.iilway St.-«ion in Efgl'Siid ■ —
ABIES DOUGLASII.S lo lo feet. 51. to 7J. i:d. each.
CiiDRUS DEODaRa, 3 to 4 feet. 31. td ; 4 to 5 feet. is.
each.
.. L1R.\NI, 3 lo 4 feet, 3J. dd. each.
HOLLIES, Green, Engli.-h. 4 to 5 feet, sj. ; s to '7 feet, 3,1. dd,

to 5J. each.
LAUREL, LATIFOLIA, 3 to 4 feet. i8j. perdoien.

,, Portugal. 5 to 6 feet, <,s. to js td. each.
THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 5 feet (2 to 3 feet through), sf. each.

,. GIGANTEA. 6 to 7 feet, 75. 6</ to loj. td. each.
SPRUCE FIRS, 4 to 5 feet, isj. per dozer.
THUlOrSlS DOLABRATA, 5 to 6 feet (3 feet through), 15^.

to 21J. each.
YEWS, English, 3'to 3.'i feet, uoj. per 100? 4 t0 4K fe^t, 24X.
per dozen.

Special quotation's for large quantie*. Address
FREDERICK. PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street,
learning ton.

Special Cheap Offer for Autumn Planting.

CALDWELL AND SONS are now offering
the following from their unrivalled colleciion, and beintj
grown m this exposed locality, and Irequenily tiansplaniea.
cannot fail lo give satisfaction : —
AUCUKAS. fine, for Polling or Window Boxe?.
CEDRUS DEODARA. handsome specimens, 2 to 6 feet.
CHESTNUTS, HdRsF, 4 to 10 feet.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. in all sizes.

,. .. ERECTA VIMIDIS. 1 to 3tcet.
HOLLIES, Common, Broad-leaf and Silver vaiielies, in all

sizes.
LARCH, stout and well rooted.
LAURELS, in variety.
OLkARIA HAASTII, strong, in pots.
PRIVET, Oval-leaf. ver>- fine. = to 4 feet.
POPLARS, Black Iialian. lombaidy, and Ontario, fine.
RETINO.SPt)RA FILIFERA, PLUMOSA, P. AUREA,

SQUARROSA VEITCHII.firit rate for Potting, &c.
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids at.d Ponticums, very bushy.
RISES, strong, in variety.

ROSES. Dwarfs and Standards, best sorts to name."!
SPRUCE FIRS, very fine, i lo 3 feet.
SYCAMORES, strong, from 3 to 14 leet.
THORNS, flowering, all besit named sorts.
THORNS or QUICKS, very strong.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and T. D. VARIEGATA,

very hardy.
YEWS, English and Golden, i to 4 feet specimens.

For Greenhouses, &g.

AZALEAS, Indian and Ghent varieties, well budded, i8j. and

24^. per dozen.
CAMELLIAS, named, full of btid', 24J. to 30J. per dozen.
CINERARIAS and PRIMULAS, stlendiu strain, is. and or.

per dozen.
CROTON and DRAC^NAS, fine for table plants, 6j., 21.,

and i2s. per dczen.
APPLES. PEARS, and all kinds of F.uit Tiees. fine calleclion.
VINES, extra strong Fruiting and PUnting Canes
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, a complete colleccion, from 55^.

per ico
Special Prices and Descriptive CATALOGUES on anplicaticn.
CALDWELL AND SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford,
Cnesbue.

M

TO BE SOLD, a large quatitity of very
choice surplus HOTHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS,
FERNS, iv;c , the accumulalion of years, at the Greenhouses,
Altxandri Park, N. Cards to view lo be obtained (rom

C. J. HAYlER, I, Diaper's Gardens, Throgmotton Avenue,
Loudon, E.C.

Hyaclnthus caudlcans.

BUDDENHORG BROS., Bulb GROWERS,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,
offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50X. per 1000.

a'y FLOWER G^ R M s|

3o,co3 best Berlin quality, at 33 Marks, free Berlin,
'leims cash.
OTTO HAACK, Steglitz. near Berlin.

lAMELUAS— camellias' with^Buds.—

Many thousands are on S.ile, white and striped. Apply to
JULES DE COCK. Nurseryman, Ghent. Belgium.

LARCH. — 1,000,000 to offer, Cheap, lifted
last Spring. .■^U strong, with good roots ; 3 to 4 feet, i6j. ;
4 to 5 fcQt. rSj.; 5 feet, 20J. per 1000. Apply

FRANCIS BELL, Nurseries. Easing wold.— Nov. 8, 1884.

NOTICE TO THE TRADE.

c

NEW WORK. JUST OUT. ON

Mushroom Culture Simplified.

By an Experienced Grower.

PUBLISHED BY

Messrs. HURST & SON,
152, HOUNDSDITCH, LONDON, E.

Price Sixteen Shillings per One Hundreil Copies.
To he had Retail of all Seedsmen.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

The Old Established and Celebrated

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

WINKER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL
KOSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS in SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid
plants ever seen.

CATALOGUES post-free, on application.

FRIDAY NEXT.

HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE OF IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

CATTLEYA AMETHYSTOGLOSSA,
PHALyENOPSIS SANDERIANA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by
auction, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on
FRIDAY NEXT, November 14, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HUGH
Low & Co., a large quantity of choice IMPORTED ORCHIDS, comprising marvellously fine
specimens, probably the best hitherto offered, in grand condition, of CATTLEYA AMETHYST-
OGLOSSA and C. GIGAS, IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA VARIETIES, the former seen by
Collector with forty to forty-five flowers on a spike ; PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA,
CATTLEYA LABIATA VARIETIES, from Espritu Santo ; C. LEOPOLDI, C. LODDIGESI
C. SCHILLERIANA, C. MENDELI, ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, fine ; O.
LUTEO-PURPUREUM, ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM, ROGERS! VARIETIES j O.
KRAMERI, O. CRISPUM, VANDA SANDERIANA, MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA
CROSSI, CYPRIPEDIUMS, DENDROBIUMS, and OTHER CHOICE ORCHIDS. Also

3000 EUCHARIS BULBS, from the Cauca.

On vUw the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes; also bTKAWBliRRlEb i.i pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

SPECIALITIES for AUTUIVIN, 1884

ROSES.

Over Half a Million Dwarf, Hybrid Perpetual,
Tea-scented, Noisette, and other varieties, on
Manetti, Seedling Brier and own roots ; Stand-
ards, Half-standards, and Dwarf Standards,
comprising all the leading kinds. Extra strong
Roses, in pots, for Forcing purposes.

FRUIT TREES.

Thousands of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, &c., including
all the most desirable varieties, trained in every
variety of forrn. A large Collection also in
pots for Orchard-houses.

FOREST TREES.

Millions of extra-transplanted Larch, Scotch,
Spruce, Ash, Chestnut, Oak, Sycamore, Beech,
Poplar, Hazel, Alder, &c. Hawthorn Quick, for
hedging.

CONIFERiE.

Cedrus Deodara, Cupressus Lawsoniana, in
variety, Thuia gigantea, Thuia Lobbii, Picea
lasiocarpa, Picea Nordmanniana, and all other
varieties worthy of cultivation.

FLOWEBINQ & ORNAMENTAL SHBXTBS

IN GREAT VARIETY.

Descriptive CATALOGUES on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We are the Original Introducers and Sole Agents of
iur. Hatrls in England for tills Grand Lily.

We have just received our Consi^ments, and find the Bulbs
very good, larger ihan last year, and in capital sound condition.
This grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it to be ihe finest introduction for many years.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 3 to 3 stalks
during ihe season in succession. Flowers pure white, long
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Price of this and many other varieties of Lilies and other
Flower Roots see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application,

WATKINS & SIMPSON.

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET.
STRAND, W.C.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW RE ADV.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists o( HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c, and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

^d. per bushel ; loo for ass. '. truck (loose, about a tons).

4or. ; 4-bushel ba^s, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. $1. 6d. per sack;
5 sacks, 25r- : sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, SJ. per sack, 5 sacks aw. ; sacks,
4</. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. gd. per bushel; ip. per hal£
ton, 26r. per ton ; in 2-bushel baes. id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c Write for Fre«
Price LIST.— H. O. BUYTH, ai, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W,C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same at supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, ii. each ; 15 sacks, \^s. ; so sacks, \-j$. :
30 sadcs, 35X. ; 40 sacks, 3ox. ; truckload, loose, 2U. All goods
free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige. —J. STEVENS
AND CO., " Grerhoimd " Yard, and i53i High Street, Batter-
sea, S.W. Esubluhcd 1871.

^82

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884,

^

BOXES OF BULBS.

Unequalled for Q,uality and
Cheapness.

For Conservatory and Window Decoration.

No. J. — Carters' Box of 800 .. price 841,

No. 2. — Carters' Box of 600 .. price 631.

No. 3, — Carters' Box of 450 .. price 42J,

No. 4. — Carters' Box o( 250 .. price 21J.

No. 5. — Carters' Box of 125 . . price 10/6

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
Englaod and WaleSj or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

Send
P. 0.0.

60J.

or

Cheque

for

40J.

lOJ.

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation,
No. 6. — Carters' Box of 2too .. price 841. \ Send
No. 7 —Carters' Box of isco .. pi ice b^s. P.O.O.
No. 8. — Caners' Bex of loco .. price 42? > or
No. 9 — Carters' Box of 7C0 .. price 31/6 Cheque
No. 10. — Carters' Box of 350 .. price 151. j for

Packing aod Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

60J,
40J.
3M

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in the Open Ground.
No. II- — Carters* Box of 2250 .. price 84.?.
No. 12.— Carters' Box of 1850 .. price 63s.
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250 .. price 42^.
No. 14 — Carters' Box of 650 .. price 21*.
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300 .. price 10/6

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

Send
Chtque

P.OO.

for

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmeu by Royal Command to H.R.H. the
Prince of Wales,

237
238f

High Holborn, London, W.C.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

Tks Ilhutrattd and Descriptive CA TALOGUE o/FR UlT

po^t-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES,

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

fot Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr, COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

Pill DO Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle.
DU LDO Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) '"'"''''ll-^ilZt''''^-

STANUaKDS. 15J. per dozen. 105^, per ico.
Packing and Carriage Free (or Cash with Order.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) l"'.^°^^^'^-

FORCING, &c., 151. to 36J. per dozen.

' A T O R Y,

rnUI lb (/4 aCreSJ andklndoftreeatlowprices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) S^e^/u^I

TREK S. FLOWERING PLANTS (%s. per dozen, 50J.
per 100), FOREST TREES.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4^. per dozen, 25T. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES IhA^Z^l'ii

VINES

CLEMATIS

Th-ee Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE

4r per loo ;
2 5 J. per 100.

THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,

31. 6rf. to lof. fid. each.

WHITE to DARK PURPLE, SINGLE
and DOUBLE, i2j. to ^\s. per dozen.

VEGETAB.LE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an hnmense amount of useful
information, free on application.

lEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAE EOWD.

THE

EARLIEST of all POTATOS,

" SHARPE'S VICTOR."

Sharpe's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma
Kidney and the old early short-top round Potato. It is
earlier than any present variety, and having a very short
top is especially suitable for frame cultivation, and there
is no difficulty in securing new Potatoa for the
TabU every day in the year. Victor is a
flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautiful clear
skin and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the
handsomest as well as the heaviest croppers of any
variety adapted for framework, or for a first early crop
outdoors. It is dry and mealy when cooked, and the
flavour and quality of the flesh are superior to nearly
every other variety at present in use.

Mes.srs. J and J. ELLETSON write as follows, Sept. 26.
1883 : — "Mr. Usher. Gardener to C. H. Johnson. Esq., Thor-
gumbald Hall, planted Victor Potalos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employer's table on March 8, Irom plant-
ing to lifting being only SIX WEEKS."

Price, 8d. per Pound.

PARCELS OF SEVEN POUNDS DELIVERED FREE.

CHABLES SHABPE & CO., SLEAFOBD.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d,, Post Free Sjd.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

MILFORD NURSERIKS, GODALMING,

Near the Milford and New Godalming Railway Stations.

ANNUAL SALE OP FIRST-CLASS NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Maurice Young to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Milford Nurseries, Godalming, on
TUESDAY, November ii, and two following days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several acres of

BEAUTIFULLY-GROWN NURSERY STOCK,

in fine condition for removal, and lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers, comprising : — 3000 Specimen EVERGREENS and CONIFERS,
10,000 LAUREL ROTUNDIFOLIA, l to 2* feet ; 2000 Green and Variegated AUCUBAS, 3000 ditto BOX, 3000 BERBERIS DARWINII,
5000 RETINOSPORA AUREA and FLAVESCENS, i to 2 feet, suitable for pots ; 1000 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTEA, i to 2 feet ;
1000 EUONYMUS RADICANS, 2000 fine Named and Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, 3000 Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, 5000 Red
CURRANTS, 3000 ORNAMENTAL PARK TREES, 6 to 10 feet ; 100,000 transplanted FOREST TREES, 10,000 Evergreen PRIVET,
2 to 3 feet ; 13,000 Spruce FIRS, i to 3 feet — 3000 fit for Christmas Trees, and other Stock.

May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

N.B.— Messrs, Protherok & Morris beg to call the special attention of Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others requiring Well-grown Stock for

Immediate Eftect to the above highly important Sale.

November 8, 1884

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

583

o

WM, GLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the finest Bulbs^ Roses^ Fruit Trces^
Herbaceous Plants^ Stove ami Greenhouse
Plants^ Trees^ and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, ts. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forciBg, \s. and u. f>d. per dozen, 7J. lo
loj- prr 103.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name. is. 6</. per dozen.

SPIRi€AS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZfAS. LILY of the
VALLfcY, MlSCELLANfcOUS BULhS in gieat
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, lo bloom this

season, Qj. and \is. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, ts. per dozen
CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, \2s. and iSj. per dozen.

ERICA?, EPACRIS. AZALEAS (Indian. Ghent, or Mollis),
KOSES. in pots, (or forcing, \Zs. and 24J. per dozen.

SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small
quantities, at most moderate puces.

CALCEOLAKIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly
spotted, larae flowers, \s. td. per dozen, loi. per ico,
from stoies. hi small pols, 3J. per dozen, 20J. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden,

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, z5. fni. per dozen,
i6f. per 100.

TULIPS, double or single, 9*/. and u. per dc^en, 5s. and 6i,
per 100.

CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is. 6d. to 2s. 6<i. per 100.

NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per
CATaLOoUE.
,1 ordinary varieties, 3s. 6d. to 5J. per too.

WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS
CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACIA,
Polyanthus, primroses, in great variety of
colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRlETIAi. ALYS-
SUM SAX^TILE. in large eood phots, js perdozen,
•}S. per 100; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,
ij. per 100.

DAISIES, led, white or rose, gJ. per dozen, 41. per ico,
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3^. 6rf. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS
for 2 5 J.

CONIFERS, fine plants fcr Window-boxes or Winter bedding,
41. and 6s. per dozen, 50J to 505. per 100.

HERBACFOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant,
iz fine distinct kinds, 31. ; 50, i2j. dd. ; io3. 301.

PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year
old, 35. 6d. per dozen ; 2-year old, 6j. per cozen.

POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS. 5^. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS and P/EONIES. Sj. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs. per dozen.
,, Crimson CLOVE, 35. per dozen.

LILIES, in fine variety, -^s. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES-OUT selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS,i2fine varieties, 6i. ; or45f. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to iZs. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 7i. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
infi the pretty single Japan Roses, &€., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-irained, for walls,

&c., good trees, i$s.y iSj. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS Pyramid. 401. and 50J. per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

75*. and looi, per 100 ; Maidens, 30.? per 100.

APPLES, Pyramid, 40J., 501., and 73J. per 100.

CHERRIES, Dwarf-traiced Morello and May Duke, 151., iS.;.,
aiid 24s. per dozen

CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8j , lar. and
I2J. per 100.

RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners, 3*. per
100; in small pots, 12s 6d. psr ico; in pots for foi cing,
2SJ. per ilo ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. 6d.

SHRUBS, Deciduous, 121. and 15J. per ico, good plants.

HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 155. per 100.

THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts, Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50J. and 75i. per 100.

SPIRjEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, loi., 15s. and 20J.
per 100.

AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots. &c., 6 to 9 inches,
i6j, per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 205. per 100.

THORN QUICKS, 15*. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted.

OVAI^LEAVED privet, 45. to I2J. per ico.

FOREST TREES, in great variety, 505. to icoj. per 100.

CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6^., gr. and 12*. per dcz.

AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful varitty. 6s. and gs.
per dozen.

TO THE HORTICULTURISTS
AND GARDENERS

or THS

UNITED KINGDOM.

Gardeners' Royal

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham,

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHESTER.

Augmentation of Pension Fund.

Oii/y ^420 are required to in-
crease the Pension to £20 per year.

This atnount (^"420) must be col-
lected before December 31, or the
InstitiUioH will lose the ^500 pro-
mised on these conditions by an
anonymotis donor.

An earnest appeal is therefore
made to all those interested in horti-
cultural pursuits to send their
donations at ORCe.

GARDENERS, do not be afraid
to send your shillings {or your
guineas), every little will help, and
the smallest {ajid largest) donations
will be thankfully received by

Dr. IVIASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.

Donations already received :—

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) ... £^ 5 o

Mr. HATCH 100

Mr. W. RICHARDS i i o

5 UNDER-GARDENERS, \s. each o 5 o
Dr. MASTERS 220

The fol lowing List of Donations has been
collected by Mr. W. COLEMAN, of
Eastnor Castle Gardens

Mr. W. COLEMAN

T. ANDERSON, Esq., London . .

Dr. HENRY, Hafficid

Mis. RICARDO, Bromesberrow Place.
Rev. R. P. HILL, Bromesberrow Rectory
Mr. McROBIE. Gardener, Bromesberrow
Mr. HENDERSON, Gardener, Haffield

G. PIPER, Esq., Solicitor, Ledbury o lo 6

E. WEBB, Esq , Ledbury o lo 6

Mr. J. DAWES, Gardener, Piior)-, Reigale .. .. oio 6
Mr. FISHER, Gardener, Fhxton Hall, Bungay ..050

Mr PARR, Ledbury 050

Mr. FRASEK, Upper Hall, Ledbury o 10 6

W. A. H. MARTIN, Esq., Upper Hal!, Ledbury ..200
JOHN HOPTON, Esq., Canon, Frome .. ..200

Captain ARCHDALE, Ledbury 100

H. BAILLIE, Esq , Eastnor o 10 o

C. RADCLIFFE COOKE, Esq o 10 o

Mr. CHARLES STEPHENS, Ledbury .. ..050
J. E. WHEATLEV, Esq., Weit Bank, Ledbury .. o 10 °

r^f^s^

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1884.

A B B O T S F O R D.

THE express train to Edinburgh whirls
the traveller over the Waverley route,
past Melrose and Abbotsford, and through
the classic land of Scottish song and story^
far too fast for those who venerate the name
of Scott, and who have found their cares
beguiled and their sorrows soothed by his in-
spiring fictions. In returning from this rapid
flight I stopped at Melrose, in the midst of the
country which the great magician has bewitched.
The winding Tweed is there, with the home of
Scott, and Dryburgh Abbey, where he lies
buried amidst his " own honest grey hills." A
Scotch carpenter in Ayrshire, plying his trade
not far from " the banks and braes o' bonnie
Doon," told an English traveller that " it seemed
to him as if the country had grown more beauti-
ful since Burns had written his bonnie little
songs about it." In like manner the border
country, the nursery of Scotland's pastoral poetry
and the scene of Scott's earliest associations,
had more charm for him than the richest land-
scape elsewhere. Its hills were bare in those
days, before he and others had planted them,
but they were beautiful. He preferred the
Tweed, a naked stream without a tree or
thicket on its banks, to the Thames in Berk-
shire.

Melrose Abbey, where the heart of Bruce is
buried, and the "wizard" Michael Scott, the
Friar Bacon of Scotland, lies in the midst of
this enchanted land. Galashiels, Ettrick Vale,
and the farm of Hogg, shepherd and poet,
Gala Water, and the Braes of Yarrow, are all
within a stroll. Three miles from Melrose
Scott luxuriated like his own Honeysuckles— as
any great loving nature can— his wife and bairns
around him, in a fit cottage for a poet on the
banks of the Tweed. In 1799 the Duke of
Buccleuch obtained him the appointment of
Sheriff of Selkiikshire, the county in which his
cottage stood. Then came his publication of
the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, collected
by him in his native land of song from country
folk who had received the verses unwritten
from their predecessors. As the chief border
minstrel he was asked ty the Countess of
Dalkeith to write a ballad on a goblin story
relating to the family of Buccleuch, and the
" Lay of the Last Minstrel," followed the re-
quest and with it fame and gold — fairy gold it
proved — and ill-weaved though innocent am-
bition, and the building of Abbotsford.

Heirs male having failed, the granddaughter
of Scott is, with her husband, the present
owner of Abbotsford, and that gentleman, in
accordance with the entail, takes the name of
Scott, and is now known as Mr. Maxwell Scott.
The house was improved by the late Mr. Hope
Scott. It is a good house, built of substantial
stone in the Scotch baronial style — a house
in which, with ^3000 a-year and no expensive
habits, any one might be happy provided they
were good, as the present owners must be, for
they allow strangers to inspect the numerous
personal relics of Scott, and to pass through

584

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November S, 1S84.

several rooms, including the hall and study,
with its old arm-chair, in which he wrote, and
the delightful drawing-room looking on the
river. The residence has become a little less
private than it was, owing to the erection of one
or two good houses on the opposite bank of the
Tweed ; and if Abbolsford has gained some
neighbours, that is an advantage which ought
to be appreciated, for when we love our neigh-
bours as ourselves they can hardly be too
numerous.

The want of trees, which used to be a very
great drawback to this part of the country, has
been remedied to a large extent. During Wash-
ington Irving's visit to Abbotsford his genial
host took him up to the summit of the ranges
above the house, and showed him the wide
landscape, including Lammermuir and Smail-
holme, where as a boy he resided ; and Teviot-
dale and Ettrick stream winding along like a
silver thread to throw itself into the Tweed.
He showed him the country celebrated in the
older Scottish songs and in his own poems and
romances. It was then comparatively bare of
timber, as already said. Irving had been
accustomed to see hills crowned with forests,
and streams breaking their way through a wil-
derness of trees, as they do in parts of his native
country, or in the South of England, in Devon-
shire or Surrey, at Dorking, Wotton, and
Albury, and he was disappointed. In this
respect the border land has improved.
J Scott was himself a capital landscape gar-
dener and planter, and he created fairy scenes
around him with spade as well as pen. He
secured the privacy of Abbotsford by his skill.
The high road from Melrose passes close along
the rear of the domain, but the simple expe-
dient of lowering the road 2 or 3 feet and plant-
ing a thick bank of shrubs has left the house
concealed. The site consists only of the river
bank ; yet, narrow as it is, it does not appear
cramped, and by placing the lodge some dis-
tance down the road, quite a long drive has
been provided for the approach. Then the
shelter is complete, for on the side opposite the
river and across the road the ground begins to
rise, and all the moorlands above are covered
with Sir Walter's plantations.

I knew nothing of the neighbourhood, and having
walked from Melrose I wished, after calling at Abbots-
ford, to take the train somewhere. In touring about
it is the worst plan in the world to spend all your
leisure time in mapping out the road ; better by far
know nothing. Following the road, expecting to
arrive somewhere, I crossed the Tweed by a ferry
close to a station on the Selkirk railway. This station
is named after the far-famed residence of the great
novelist, and on taking a ticket to Galashiels you pass
Abbotsford, with only the river intervening, and yet
Sir Walter's screen of trees, when the leaves are out,
completely secures the privacy of his house.

Having mentioned these details I think we may
trust the frequent rules on landscape gardening which
are found in the writings of Sir Walter Scott. He
sayp, for example, that approach roads should be
made on the model of the paths which sheep form in
winding their way along the hillside, that is, not too
straight and formal. We may quote him, too, as
follows : — *' George must stick in a few wild Roses,
Honeysuckles, and Sweet Briers in suitable places,
so as to produce the luxuriance we see in the woods
which Nature plants herself. We injure the effect of
our plantings, so far as beauty is concerned, very
much by neglecting underwood." He gives a good
hint on the method of arranging the lines and glades
of woods when you are mapping out the ground with
a view to beauty of landscape. " Try," he says, " to
make them come handsomely in contact with each
other, which you can only do by looking at a distance
on the spot, then and there shutting your eyes as
you have done when a child looking at the fire, and
forming an idea of the same landscape with glades of
woodland crossing it."

In planting his woods he received many presents
of seeds. The Duke of Buccleuch sent bushels of
acorns, the Earl of Fife seeds of Norway Pine, Lord
Montagu a box of acorns and a packet of Lime seed.

The seeds of the Corsican Pine were forwarded to
him, and a box of Chestnuts from Lisbon, so fine that
the kitchen authorities seized and boiled them before
they could be rescued. For the purpose of forming
those shelter screens, or *' verdurous walls," as Milton
calls them, which the planting of exposed tracts
requires, numerous hardy shrubs and trees were sent
from Edinburgh, such as 3000 Laburnums, 2000
Sweet Briers, 3000 Scotch Elms, and loads of Hollies,
Poplars, and Nuts, besides 100,000 Birches. He
was never so happy in his life as in having a place of
his own to create. He called it his Caledonian Eden,
and he often laboured in it all day with his own
hands. Oaks, he said, were likely to become the
largest vegetables on the domain. In a letter from
Edinburgh he writes of "an old quarry which, a
little made up and accommodated with stone seats
and some earth to grow a few Honeysuckles and S weet
Briers, would make a very sweet place." He writes
to Tom Purdie, the gardener, "You must have a
border of about a spade's breadth dug nicely, and
made up with good earth and a little dung all along
in front of the paling, and along the east end of it.
She {Mrs. Scott) will bring the plants from Edinburgh,
so they can be put into the ground the evening she
arrives."

The evidence of Scott's gardening tastes and skill
might easily be extended. He had a kind, good
heart, and as he himself said, "that is the main
point as to human happiness," He was full of those
domestic tastes and simple habits of life which gar-
dens foster, and every gardener and lover of gardens
may claim him as one of themselves. I parted from
the land of the Magician with a longing desire to
revisit it, and thinking of Scott's parting with
Washing Irving. He took him by the hand. "I
will not say farewell," said he. "for it is always a
painful word ; but I will say, come again." This is
what we are all saying at the decline of the year to
the old favourites of our gardens who are dying down,
and with whom we are parting till another season.
Some very touching lines inscribed on a tombstone
in Melrose Abbey on the universal law of change and
decay, and the partings that arise therefrom, run as
follows : —

" Earth waJketh on the earth

Glistening like gold ;
Earth goeth to the earth

Sooner than it wold.
Earth buildeth on the earth

Palaces and towers ;
Earth sayeth to the earth

All shall be ours."

This would be a melancholy doom but for the hope
of reunion — "another season." //. E.

ONCIDIUM LOXENSE, Z?7/(//. /
Paxt. FL G., ii., 126 ; Eolia O., Oncidium, No. 20.

A VERY well executed careful sketch in colours is
at hand. It was prepared by Mr. Edouard Klaboch,
who addressed it to Mr. F. Sander. I had a few
dried flowers, but neither a bulb nor leaves, although
it was very desirable to send at least those, if not a
good plant, to enable me to describe the species in a
useful way. The bulbs are represented as ligulate,
equally broad at both ends, with some longitudinal
furrows, two-leaved. Leaves cuneate-ligulate acu-
minate, more than five to seven times longer than the
bulbs, which are much approximate, standing in two
rows. I regret I cannot say a word as to the dimen-
sions, but I expect those organs must be very con-
spicuous. Abroad panicle bears numerous twigs, each
with three to six flowers. Those flowers are of an
unusual form in the Cyrtochilian tribe, to which the
plant belongs.

Sepals unguiculate, oblong acute, dull oltve with
cinnamon bars. Petals nearly equal, broader, shorter,
with much broader stalks, nearly totally broader in all
other regions. Lip with a toothlike auricle on each
side of the base, a broad short stalk, and a wide reni-
form anterior blade, whose outer margins would ap-
pear to constantly turn inwards. There is one strong
ridge in the middle of the base, three lacerate fringed
keels stand before, and numerous small aculeate calli
stand on each side of the ridge, the anterior ones usually

very long, filiform acute. The column has very smal
inconspicuous appressed three-toothed auriculae, which
are most easily overlooked. At each side of the base
there is a protruded ligulate arm, emarginate on the
superior margin. The flowers obtain the stamp of
excellence by the fine contrast of the dark sepals and
petals with the large bright orange lip, in the way of
that of Oncidium diceratum, but much like that of
Oncidium tigrinum, though much brighter in colour.

I believe the plant has only been seen twice before.
Mr. Edouard Klaboch is, no doubt, the first col-
lector who has met with a great number of plants ;
Messrs. Backhouse & Sons obtained previously a
sketch in colours prepared by the late Dr. Krause.
It represents the sepals and petals light ochre, the
sepals tesselate inside, with sepia petals reticulate.
Lip orange, with reddish veins. Whether this indi-
cates a variety or the state of fading I do not know.
The original discoverer was Theodor Hartweg, who
found a single plant on the Cordillera of Loxa. Two
straggling branches and a few flowers are kept in Dr.
Lindley's herbarium. It would be gratifying to see
this great rarity flowering in the cool house of those
gentlemen who have competent growers for Cyrto-
chiles — not every one's task. H. G, Rchb. f.

Odontoglossum Vuylstekeanum maculatum.

This is one of the finest Odontoglots of the tribe of
supposed hybrids. Beautiful as the flowers arc,
they may yet improve as to the petals, where the
angulate teeth are not much developed, as it is the
case in Mr. Vuylsteke's typical plant. Petals rather
broad, lip much dilated in front. Disc of petals and
base of lip lightest white-sulphur, all other parts
deepest yellow. A few conspicuous cinnamon blotches
are scattered over the sepals, peials, and lip.
Column whitish, with a few blotches on wings of
column. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. are the lucky
possessors. H. G, Rchb. f.

A BELGIAN LANDSCAPE

GARDEN.

This garden, occupying an area of 61 ares {an
are =119 yards), is situated at Menin in the fertile
valley of the Lys, and from its low situation is liable
to be inundated. The formation of the little lake (see
fig. 102) and 'of the narrow canals at the side supplied
soil for raising the boundary and thus preventing the
overflow of the river. The residence of the proprietress,
Madame Dubuisson, is on the opposite bank of the
river to the garden, which unfortunately involves a
detour to the nearest bridge, or the necessity of wading
the stream. This garden was commenced under
favourable conditions by an amateur, whose arrange-
ments were not such as could be allowed to remain.
Many persons believe that any one can be a landscape
gardener — imagine that it is suflicient to trace some
curved lines on the ground whose undulations
resemble the wrigglings of a mutilated earthworm, and
to sprinkle some flower-beds here and there. These
"chambers of horrors," as ftL Andre calls them, are
designated **jardins Aft^iais!" At the end of the
garden is a mound concealing a grotto, the entrance
to which is designed to resemble a mass of rock, and
covered with climbing plants. From the top of the
mound extensive views are obtained of the numerous
windings of the Lys through the broad plain. The
mound itself is planted with Conifers, which
have an excellent effect, and harmonise admirably
with the rockery and grotto. The planting has been
very successful, except that the Lilacs and Weigelas
having been killed in consequence of an inundation,
it has become necessary to replace them. The
triangular shrubbery in the centre of the garden
to the left is planted with shrubs with coloured
foliage, arranged in zones, so as to form a
sort of mosaic. This arrangement, which will
perhaps not find favour in the eyes of the purists, is
nevertheless suitable for smnll gardens, and meets
with general approval. It is not literally exact to
say that the beautiful is that which pleases, but un-
questionably there is some degree of truth in it.
There are many trees and shrubs now at our disposal
for such arrangements, such as the Weigelas, the
Cornels, Acer Negundo, purple-leaved Nuts and
Berberis, Acer Reitenbachii, the purple Peaches, the
golden-leaved Spiraea opulifolia, Weigela Looymansi,
Philadelphus nanus aureus, and the new Prunus Pis-
sardi. The whole arrangement has been designed
and carried out by Mr. Burvenich, of Ghent, and is a
good example of the style which has been so success-
fully popularised by MM. Barillet and Andr^.

November S, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

585

HYBRIDISING POTATOS AT
READING.

At the request of Earl Cathcart, Messrs. Sutton &
Sons have been engaged this year in testing the merits
of three of those distinct species of tuber-bearing
rotates which Mr. J. G. Baker, F. R.S., recently

It has sometimes been maintained that breeders
might lose much, and could gain nothing, by using
wild stocks of Potatos for the purpose of crossing them
with cultivated varieties. The writers just referred to
think otherwise; and Mr. Baker, after visiting Messrs.
Sutton's very extensive collection of cultivated Potatos
in a living state, and examining the dried specimens

Fig. 102.— plan of a Belgian garden, (see p. 584.)

described and figured in the jfournal oj the Linnmn
Society, At Lord Cathcart's instigation Mr. Baker
undertook the study of the Potato. Lord Cathcart is
himself the author of an excellent article on the
Potato in the April number of the Journal of the
Hoyal Agruultural Society^ and it seems probable
that a new departure in Potato breeding may be anti-
cipated as the result of these two papers, and of the
investigations which preceded them.

in various herbaria, came to the conclusion that all
cultivated sorts, both in England and America, had
been derived from a single species — Solanum tuber-
osum. English and American breeders have bor-
rowed and bred from one another's stocks, but
in so doing they have merely rung the changes
between varieties having the same specific origin.
True hybridisation has been hitherto unknown in
Potato breeding. Messrs. Sutton, of course, are

practically acquainted with the results of hybrid-
ising in the improvement of the plants of the
garden and farm, and they arc now engaged for the
first time in the history of agriculture in hybridising
Potatos. Acting under scientific advice their great
object is the invigoration of a debilitated species by
crossing it with another species which has not yet
been cultivated and degraded. [These expressions
are open to question, but it will not affect the results
of the experiment. Ed.] Another point is to
effect this intercrossing by the agency of a species
better suited to our climate than S. tuberosum. Mr.
Darwin's sagacious remark so long ago as his engage-
ment as a naturalist on board the Beagle, bore
particularly on this point. Observing the Potato on
the wooded shore of Valparaiso, in a moist climate,
and hearing of it as a plant of the interior also, at
an altitude of Sooo or 9000 feet, where the air is dry,
and a drop of rain does not fall for more than six
months, he thought it surprising that the same plant
should flourish in such different situations. Here we
have what may be called a scientific suggestion, for
the plants of the two sites are, in point of fact, two
species. The plant of the hills is our own cultivated
Potato, S. tuberosum, which has been transferred
from a dry country to a damp one, and the plant of
the plains is S. Maglia ; and hence it seems reason-
able to expect something even beyond the usual ad-
vantage of hybridising by introducing a strain of S.
Maglia into our own best breeds.

Another distinct species besides S. Maglia was re-
commended to Messrs. Sutton in S. Commersoni,
which, like the others, has never yet been used for the
purpose of cross-breeding here or in America. S.
Commersoni, known by the synonym of Ohrondii,
from the name of the introducer who brought
it from Grotti, an island at the mouth of the
Rio de la Plata, has proved an exceedingly robust
plant in M. Blanchard's garden at the Marine Hos-
pital at Brest, and in fact it is said to have hitherto
enjoyed complete immunity from disease. It pro-
duced a fair crop of tolerable quality, and seems
capable of improvement under good cultivation,
which at Brest it has not yet received. S. Jamesii,
the other species grown this year at Reading, would
hardly be recognised as a Potato except by a botanist.

It is gratifying to learn that Messrs. Sutton have
succeeded in effecting a cross beTween S. Maglia and
one of their own best Potatos. We are able to give the
following details of their experiments. The tubers of
S. Maglia were planted separately according to their
colour, some being pale and others red-skinned.
They were placed at first in pots under glass, and
afterwards turned out in the open ground, and the
two other sorts were treated exactly in the same way.
S. Commersoni showed early signs of ripening off, as
did S. Jamesii, which is a native of the mountains of
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. In this respect
they retain their old habits probably, while S. Maglia,
which continued growing and was only ready to lift
on September 5, did the same. S. Jamesii attained a
height of 8 or 10 inches only, coming to nothing
under cultivation except in regard to the number of
its tubers, one of which reproduced forty about the
size of hazel nuts, and of a pale colour. In these
days of luxury and fashion, it may possibly be worth
while for some shrewd grower to take note of this, and
to establish, if he can, such a peculiarity of flavour as
shall bring the novelty into favour.

At this first trial S. Commersoni has not proved
productive at Reading. It ripened in the middle of
August, and it resisted every effort at cross-fertilisation
in spite of repeated attempts with the pollen of
English breeds in the hands of experts. All the three
species produced abundance of flowers, the corollas
being white instead of exhibiting the well-known
purple tint of our own breeds. We now come to the
last of the trials and the best of the results — to S.
Maglia, which was, as already said, successfully
hybridised, producing three well developed berries
full of seed — the only seed of this species, accord-
ing to Messrs. Sutton, ever grown in this country.
As regards the growt"h of the pale and red tubers no
difference could be recognised either in the foliage,
flowers, or habit of growth of the various plants.
The original tubers were about the size of Walnuts,
and round in shape. Their produce, when lifted,
proved to be of the usual size, red in colour, and
round in shape in some cases, in others oblong. Some
of the Potatos have been cooked and ascertained to
be of fair quality.

Horticulturists will no doubt watch the progress of

586

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[November S, 18S4.

ihcse experiments with great interest. The chief
result at present is that a hybrid Potato has for the
tirst time been obtained, and with it a new strain for
the use of breeders, ll has been remarked that
" Maglia " is a name applied in parts of South
America to the Polato generally, and we have heard
the questions asked, " What is S. Maglia ? Has it
not a mixture of cultivated Potato in its constitu-
tion ?" It is needless to discuss questions to which
jirubably no very definite answers could be maHe. It
is enough to say further that the cultivated Potato
and S. ^IngIi;^. are far enough apart in character to be
lecugnised as distinct specie?, and that the latter
grows wild in moist climates like our own, and differs
from it far more than our varieties do from each
o'hsr.

A GARDENING TOUR.

^Continued frsni /, 45S.)
Ferriby Brook.— I should think that many of the
readers of your pages must have experienced a great
sense of loss during the last year. I refer to the death
of the Rev. II. Harpur-Crewe. I know it was when
his favourite autumn Croci were in blossom that he was
laid to his rest, and the villagers covered him all over
with their purple and blue, as they thought he would
have chosen for himself. And now these pretty
flowers have appeared again, and they tell us that a
whole year has gone since our friend was removed.
It is not only because he was the Chairman of the
Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society
that his service is missed, but he was the kind adviser
and the constant correspondent of many who had the
interests of their gardens at heart. I need not say
here that he had a good store of botanical knowledge
to fall back on, and the experience of many years
— your readers know that— he had, in addition to
this, the most intimate acquaintance from a garden-
ing point of view with the needs, the preferences, the
successes, the acquisitions, and even the stock-in-
hand of his numerous friends in the land. I never
was surprised to hear him say "This can be found
only in the Island of Minorca." " That is indigenous
in some out-of-the-way part of Spain." It was just
the sort of thing to expect from him — he
studied his plants— but it was rather out of
the common to hear such announcements as the
following run oft from his lips: — "Two or three
years ago my friend Mr. So-and-So had a bulb or two
left of this, and I doubt if any one else now has it
at all ; " or " Vou can find such a plant in a garden in
Wales and scarcely anywhere else." I remember this
last being literally true about Pelargonium Wallichi-
anum, and case after case of the same sort occurs to
my mind. When I-'uchsia lycioides was lost to sight,
and no one knew whene in the world it was to be
found, Harpur-Crewe at once put his finger on three
places where he said it existed, and he was perfectly
right. It was nothing uncommon for me to get a
request for a cutting of some plant of whose existence
and merits I was completely oblivious, with a sen-
tence of this sort added to it :— " I know you have it :
you told me so yourself some months ago." Harpur-
Crewe was a sort of living remembrancer of all that
was most worth knowing about the best collections of
plants all over the kingdom. I am not singular,
iherefore, by any means, in deploring his loss, and in
thinking that his contributions to your columns were
uf the greatest assistance ; I only rejoice that my
correspondence with him was so continuous, and our
exchanges of plants flowed on in such a regular stream
that I have mementoes of him all over my garden,
and I act upon some hint or other which he gave me,
and follow his rules from day to day with unquestion-
ing trust.

This may seem rather a long preface to the account
of a very (|uiet day's excursion, but it has a reason, as
follows .- — I spent several weeks this summer in Der-
byshire, my head-quarters being at Buxton, and it
struck me that that .in old and much valued friend of
Harpur-Crewe could not be very far olt. I knew that
Derbyshire was his county, and I had often heard
Harpur-Crewe speak of Ferriby Brook, and he had
told me that Mr. Whittakcr lived there, &c. So I
sent off a letter on the spot, which soon brought the
desired return. I promised myself in this visit a long
talk about (lowers, and also about their admirer,
whom I could talk to no longer. But though I had
got hold of the right address, I did not find it easy at
all to pitch on Mr. Whittaker's home. He lives in
the greatest seclusion, though he has transactions
?boul plants all over the cjantry. When I landed at

DufiTield, to which station I had been told to repair,
I found that the station-master had never once heard
of Mr. Whittaker's name, and his subordinates were
equally in the dark about the whereabouts of Ferriby
Brook ; so for a moment I hardly knew what to do, and
ho* my walk should be started. It however occurred to
me that Mr. Whittaker could not be far off from where
Harpur-Crewe lived when he was a boy, and I steered
by this compass and made for Breadsall at once, where
I hoped to be better informed. In this I was right,
and soon after I had left Little Eaton one and another
of the passers-by directed me where to go, and the
name of the old gardener was very familiar upon the
road and that of his nursery also. A nice little plain
house with not a scrap of pretension about it and with
no great notice-board to say anything about its owner
at all, but with creepers all over it, and Tropreolum
spcciosum all ablaze on one side of the house, and
Cislus algarvensis and C. formosus going out of blos-
som on another side of it made me quite certain that
my destination had been reached and that I should
have a great reward for my trouble.

Mr. Whittaker very quickly appeared and wel-
comed me in. More peaceful seclusion could not
possibly be iinagined than what he enjoys, and the
old man and his wife are quite of a piece with it. He
is a nurseryman merely because he could not help in
some way or other being interested in plants, though
probably he feels like another of his craft whom I
have met and who left it in consequence of vexation in
parting with them. With this reservation I should
think his mode of life suited him thoroughly and he
is wrapt up in it. A pleasanter outlook of its sort could
hardly be imagined than that of Ferriby Brook ; in
fixing upon the spot for bis nursery he hit upon one
very great advantage which helps him exceedingly. I
refer to a bright running stream which traverses the
whole extent of his grounds. It is true that sometimes
in winter it bursts its bounds and widens into
a rushing force and carries havoc along with it, but as
a rule, it brings fertility to Mr. Whittaker's plants,
and many thrive on its banks. If I had to fix my
own habitation I would ask beyond everything else
that it might have a running stream near it, and beat
So-and-so Brook. As I had expected would be the
case when the idea of this in tneinoriain visit first
came into my mind, I heard a great deal about
Harpur-Crewe from the lips of his .old friend ; they
had known each other for years and years, and had
corresponded together and exchanged plants and
talked over botanical subjects times without
number. With anything outside of gardening I
will not trouble you now — but it was curious
to me to note how Harpur-Crewe's name was con-
tinually coming to the front as we were going along.
"This'came from Mr. Harpur-Crewe's garden." "I
saw that with him for the first time when I visited him
during his illness." "You must ask his sister for some-
thing else." "He told me he did not think there
was another specimen of Hibiscus Hageloni besides
his own in this country." These and such as these
exclamations escaped Mr. Whittaker's lips at every
turn of his garden, and the name of I larpur-Crewe was
as good as written upon it from one end to the other.
The nursery extends over six acres, or rather more,
and it is in the main devoted to the cultivation of
herbaceous and alpine plants. As I had so lately
visited the splendid gardens at Brockhurst and at ICdge
Hall, I scarcely expected to find anything which I
had not seen veiy lately ; but though, of course, this
was found to be so in the main, there were yet things
under Mr. Whittaker's care which may have escaped
me, but which I first noticed with him. Dianthus
annulosus was very pretty and entirely new to
me, and so also were Niven's Dianthus superjjus,
Nierembergia gracilis. Campanula bononiensis alba,
Swerlia perennis, and Ilcdysarum boreale. Kpi-
lobium obcordatum is a very nice alpine, but T
am afraid it must be classed with some of the
most " miffy " subjects ot all, by which expressive
term, I mean that it seems to be all right one day,
and the next it goes oH, and perhaps the third it is
done for. I do not yet understand its requirement,!,
but it seemed to be all tight in Mr. Whittaker's
garden, and I hope he will keep it for long. Trades-
cantia virginica alba is of the purest possible white,
and all pure white flowers are good. Dianthus
Atkinson! is a hybrid of the greatest possible merit,
and the colour is splendid, its only fault being that its
increase is slow. Juncus spiralis is very curious, and
curious plants are sure to attract. The white form of
AgrOitcmma coronaria ii worth a place in any collec-

tion. Erica coccinea is very bright and pleasing.
Pen'stemon humilis would adorn any rockery. Etyn-
gium amelhystinum is of a light bluish tinge, which,
as its name imports, contrasts with other things.
(Faothera marginata is a good border plant. -Achil-
lea xgyptiaca, when really true to its name, is not
commonly met with ; Prunella Webbiana is showy
enough, and Craspedia Reich^rdi, or Rcichei, is a Cora-
pojite, which seems made of gold. All these, and a
very great minymore plants beside them, which have
not found their way to my paper, were flourishing in
Mr. Whittaker's ground;, and they showed that he
has had a good eye 10 selection, and also that he has
been at it for a very long time.

In addition to his mixed borders there were others
which were wholly given up to particular things, thus
Hepaticas, in quantity, and no doubt of many
different sorts, were evidently doing well at Ferriby
Brook, and so also were Hellebores and Delphiniums,
and many other ditlercnt things. The houses were
interesting, and one especially was so arranged that
all the plants could be got at with ease, and they pre-
sented a good ,oi(pd\al. It should be known that
Mr. Whittaker never advertises at all. Xo one can
accuse him of any of the empty pufling of the day.
He trusts entirely to the intrinsic worth of his produc-
tions, and to his work becoming known through their
means. But if one were on the look-out for a plant,
more especially (or what is called an old-fashioned
plant, by which I mean something that was often cul-
tivated in years gone by, and has now dropped out of
sight, I know of no more likely spot for it to be
found in than the nursery at Ferriby Brook, and no
more likely person to give its history, its rise, and its
fall, than Mr. J. Whittaker. It was a most pleasant
thing to listen to him through a fine summer's day,
and it reminded me of the nursery at Warminster and
my old friend Wheeler, who used to preside in it. Ail
the books in the world, and I may add all the
journals, too, fall short in the way of interest when
compared with the vivd voce explanations of a
man who has passed a long life in constant
companionship with his plants, and who knows
their ways and their woes because he has
tended them for long — who is in sympathy with
all his surrounding, and has, in fact, made them what
they are. Such an one is Mr. Whittaker in a very
conspicuous degree. My only regret was when our
inspection of his interesting garden came perforce to
an end. He had treasures in the house as well as out
of it to disclose. Long drawers of a herbarium which
he had made himself attested the close devotion of
bygone years to his favourite studies— but they all had
to be left unseen. The hands of his clock and the
inexorable punctuality of the train forbade the idea of
looking into them at all. Watson's Cybch and a
Flora of Norfolk, which he kindly produced, could
not even be opened. The gig was at the door which
was to save me the trouble of a return walk to the
station, and though I was very glad to have had a
day among his flowers and a long talk over the life
and worth of our mutual friend, I was obliged to
shake hands with Mr. Whittaker very much sooner
than I should have liked to do, and my visit to him
became a pleasant memory, as so many others are
novt'.

The gardens I have visited this summer are by
no means exhausted, but I must leave it to sonic
one else to record their praises. Suflicc it to say
that I think the visitation of ditlerent gardens ia the
best way of self-improvement that can be imagined,
and I am greatly indebted to those who gave me the
ch.ance of learning so much. One sees things in so
many different lights and difhculties are cleared away
and new ideas are started beyond all expectation.
The inference which I have drawn from my numerous
visits, and on which I set the greatest store of .all, is
that the chief thing to find out is for what a garden is
suited. It does not answer to take up everything just as
it comes. I am not referring to any one of the gardens
which have been described in your columns, but dis-
appointments and misadventures are in my mind's
eye from ignoring this simple truth. There is no
manner of good in trying to make plants flourish
where they do not like it themselves, and ellort is
wasted where it would have borne good fruit if it had
taken another direction. In the gardens I have seen
the plants arc studied which are best suited to each of
them respectively, and that is one secret of the wide-
spread success I have witnessed. Rfr. Horner's
dictum is unconsciously acted on by some of the best
gardeners in the land : — " I follow out that to which
the flower lends itself naturally " A ll'aiiiicrer.

N'liVliMliKK &, 1SS4.J

T//E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

587

FLOORE HOUSE, WEEDON.

I WAS much pleased with the excellent illustralion
of Aciphylla s(iuarrosa which appeared in the issue of
ihe Gariieuers' C/DoiticU'loi Sept. ij(p. 329), especially
a; I had a few d.iys previously seen its prototype in
ihe rocky pocket at Floore, where it seems to be quite
liappy. Truly, as the l',ditor say?, Mr. Loder has a
" lich garden;" indeed, I suppose the collection is
now v-nique ; what with the countless alpines and
border plants, to say nothing of the succulents, one is
astoniahed. Respecting the alpincii., one can only say
ihey arc in excellent order; the flowering season of
ihe majority was past when I was there, but the
healthy tufls and numerous labels were an excellent
iudex'of the brilliant gems happily accommodated. A
lirst-class collection previously, but since so vastly
tntiched by the late Mr. ilarpur-Crewe's collection,
it is unequalled in many respects. Nowhere besides
does such a varied bulb family exist ; this is saying a
great deal, but I believe not too much. If you wish
to form an idea of the extent of this portion of the
treasures at Floore the best time to visit will be in
Fpring ; for the nonce, however, the multitude of
labels which meet you in almost every conceivable
position will afford ample proof of something worth
looking after existing beneath the soil. The collec-
tion of Crcci is extremely rich and very numerous,
and must have tried the patience of Mr. Shorlt, the
excellent gardener, in their arrangement, even if, as
has been the case, done con amorc : each variety is
separated from its neighbour by pieces of slate, the
size of the compartments varying according to the
number of the specific stock. Who can value the gems
here accommodated ? None wers in bloom at that
lime, but some were showing signs, and the series will
open in sequence until the vernal members close the
display. One cannot even hint at the varieties in this
genus, the collection i>, perhaps, only excelled by that
accumulated by that veteran Crocus collector, G. Maw,
E;q. I was sorry to hear that for some unaccount-
able reason C. Crewei was not found at Drayton when
the bulbs were removed ; it is to be hoped such a
gem is not lost — the number of bulbs at any lime was
extremely limited. The species and varieties of
Colchicums are also very numerous ; many of the
forms approaching each other very closely, espe-
cially those of C. autumnale ; some had very
narrow perianth divisions, and looked extremely
pretty. C. arenarium is especially charming. The
rare C. byzantinura album was nicely in flower, pure
white ; also the large C. speciosum, and its variety
atropurpureum ; the latter is particularly showy, pro-
ducing large flowers of a rich magenta-purple colour.
It rarely occurs in batches of imported bulbs of the
species. Of the Alliums in bloom special mention
may be made of A. pulchellum with good-sized
umbels of rose-coloured flowers, and really a good
number of the large genus.

Being in the vicinity of the houses let us turn in,
and make note of some varieties to be found therein.
Conspicuous, as well as in some frames, is the collec-
tion of Cacti, composed of a very rich, varied, and
grotesque community, many species being extremely
rare, especially those in the frames, which hail from
North West America ; the majority were past bloom-
ing, but many of them must have been very eftective.
Two pretty little succulents are Crassula rubicunda
and Bolusii, the former studded with crimson-pink
flowers, the latter with white corollas and red
calyces, both very dwarf and wondrously floriferous.
Here we notice a plant much too seldom seen —
Juncuszebrinus — the porcupine-quill-like leaves being
well coloured. I'-cgonia Martiana gracilis is most
charming, covered with rich waxy-pink flowers.
Schizanthus retusus, comparatively rare, and a very
handsome species. Fuchsia exoniensis, with its long,
drooping, narrow sepalled flowers, was very
showy. Two plants we noticed also which Mr.
Shortt prides himself upon being the first to intro-
duce from New Zealand alive into Europe, viz., Par-
sonia albiflora and Olearia populnea. A most difticult
plant to introduce, which hitherto had not proved
amenable to the journey from New Zealand to this
country, but at last it is looking happy in a corner of
one of the houses — I refer to Alseusmia macrophylla,
which, according to that eminent authority upon the
New Zealand flora, Sir Joseph Hooker, possesses one
of the most delicious perfumes possible to appre-
ciate. Judging from evidence from its native
country the plant is most difScult to manage
when removed from the hills it loves to the

plains, and it remains to be proven whether its con-
spicuous character will be sufficiently favoured under
cultivation in this country, the appearance of the
plants at present is most promising, and we are sure
they could nut be in better hands, A huge batch of
the rare Myosoti<lium nobile is being successfully
raised from imported seed ; the husk of some of the
seeds were removed, with a view to flicilitate germina-
tion, but the result proves it to have retarded it, for
those denuded are much behind those with the husk
left upon the sccJ. The genus Nepenthes is receiv-
ing attention. N. M.istcrsiana is in excellent trim,
with several large pitchers ; N. lanata, a scarce and
diflicult species, is getting along nicelj', as well as
several others. <!)rchids are also encouraged, and
there is an inclination to dcvelope this section ; the
plants at present under treatment are the very picture
of good health, and include many good and rare
kinds. Next the conservatory, which, by the way,
shelters many curious and showy plants, is a very
charming wall fernery ; I do not refer to artistic
arrangement, but to the numerous species which are
becoming established in the chinks of the walls ; it
will ultimately become a most interesting place to the
l-'ern lover. Here is Messrs. Backhouse's beautiful
I'olypod, under the name of P. vulgare trichomanio-
ides ; and opposite is the much older variety, P.
elegantissimum. At one time I was very sceptical as
to thedistinction between thetwo, buttheyaredecidedly
dilVercnt, and P. trichomanioides is much the best,
producing copiously divided fronds, with tine seg-
ments of a light green colour. Amongst other sub-
jects thriving happily were Pteris scaberula, Davallia
Novre-Zealandii'.', Cryptogamma acrostichoides, Pelliea
adianlifolia, Mohria thurifraga achillecefolia, Gymno-
gramma triangularis — this was especially happy, pro-
ducing larger fronds than I had ever before noted;
PelKx;a densa, P. ornithopus, P. ternifoHa, Cheil-
anthes elegans, C. hirta, C. tomentosa, the very rare
Nothochlrena Fendleri, &c. Supplementing the
Ferns and prettily associating with them were Fra-
garia indica, thickly set with bright red fruit ;
Fuchsia procumbens, the variegated Sibthorpia, Saxi-
fraga sarmentosa variegata, lSic, the whole presenting
a very attractive appearance.

The Wall Garden. — There are many species
happily established upon a dwarf mural surface, and
many others arranged in a few stones at the base, the
entire community in good order, and certainly very
interesting. Amongst those growing freely were Saxi-
fraga longifolia, so pretty with iLs spreading rosettes
pressing against the wall, S. cx-sia major, S. aizoides,
Sempervivum arachnoideum, Ramondia pyrenaica,
Androsace lanuginosa, Silene maritima, Draba gigas,
Opuntia Rafinesquiana, the pretty but troublesome
Linaria pallida, &:c.

In the long and other borders many plants of
interest were still in flower, but the evidences of a very
rich past display were noticeable at every point. A
good plant of Cassia coiymbosa was covered with its
golden-orange clusters. The grand old Tupa
I euillei was flowering and seeding freely. Here
also growing in the greatest luxuriance were Japanese
Anemones, Genliana asclepiadea, Senecio pulcher,
Torch Lilies (Trilomas), Rudbeckia speciosa, R,
intermedia, Lobelias, Zauschneria californica, Aga^
panthus unibellatus, tucomis punctata, Chelone
obliqua alba, Epilobium Dodonsei, Helianthus muUi-
florus, C:c. Passing down a side walk from the long
border in the woodland, we come to the hardy
fernery, which although well furnished, is not up to
its usual condition owing to the excessively dry
season, yet masses of Adiantum pedatum, Lomaria
chilensis, male and lady Ferns in great variety, make
a pretty picture. Looking more for detail you drop
upon a grand tuft of Asplenium fontanum, the charm-
ing New Zealand Polystichum vestitum venustum (I
have never seen this better outside), Polypodium
alpestre, Lastrea recurva, the Holly Fern, iS:c.
Many other objects are striking hereabouts, the noble
Tree Ferns dotted here and there, looking really
well. Peeping from the soil are numerous hardy
Cyclamen, forms of C. europ?eum and others. The
home of many hardy Orchids is also here, and pass-
ing along you come upon broad patches of Primroses
and Polyanthus, all evidently at home — a very fine
lot of Primula rosea of unusual strength is particularly
noticeable. Mr. Shortt says the way to manage it
best is to divide the plants into single crowns as soon
as they have done flowering. Continuing our walk,
all the way rich in odds and emds, we come upon a
frame of alpines collected by Mr. Loder, last season,

from their native hills, and here one is inclined to break
the eighth portion of the Decalogue, not because o(
their showiness now, but because there arc many
varieties and the plants are nicely established, but
tliey will ultimately be put to good use.

The Ali'INE GARnKN.— Here wc stand hard by
the miniature South Downs, and get a good glimpse,
and are more than ever struck as before expressed
with the pretty and natural appearance of this
rockery, nay, we will not use the hackneyed term,
for it does not indicate the character of this beauti-
ful spot at all, as only a few projecting boulders and
ledges arc to be seen — one is draped, with the bril-
liant TropixoUim speciosum ; nearly opposite, nestling
beneath a projecting rock, are the happy family
of hardy succulents, all in the freshest condition : I
suppose they arc unique in their way. The main
glory of the alpine garden was of course long past,
yet many beautiful things were still worth seeing ;
perhaps the most conspicuous features are the several
dwarf bushes of Rosa alpina, crowded with bottle-
shaped receptacles of a bright orange-red colour.
The following, amongst other plants, are worth
noting : — Linaria peloria, Coronilla iberica, < ientiana
Andrewsii, X'eronica corymbosa, Erodium petrj.um,
' ]' nothera eximia, Primula obconica, very full of
bloom, by the side of a rock ; Androsace lanuginosa.
Campanula pcndula, a plant I have not seen before,
producing white pendulous flowers — it looks like a
white variety of C. Warneri, but the time of blooming
is widely dillerent, the latter being an early spring
flowering plant; .l.thionema grandillora, Origanum
Tourneforti, Parnassia palustris, Satureja pygmsea,
a very dwarf Labiate, covered with bright purple
flowers. Two reputed fastidious subjects are ap-
parently well established in serai-shady spots amongst
shrubs, viz., Gentiana bavarica and Epigcea repens.

The arrangement of half-hardy subjects is very
happy. Here is one of the pictures facing the house : —
Cycads, Musa Cavendishi, Phormiums, Palms, backed
up by two magnificent Cedars of Lebanon, a noble
Tulip tree and a variegated Platanus — the two former
bordering upon a century old. Musa Ensete is quite a
characteristic plant, very abundant, in difterent sizes,
most charmingly disposed in positions where the broad
waving leaves are richly associated ; the larger plants
have an air of naturalness about them, as the dead
and dangling leaves are religiously preserved to repre-
sent, as far as possible, the appearance of such plants
under natural conditions. There is none of the
orthodox style of bedding-out practised at Floore,
yet, with the free use of hardy blooms. Begonias,
succulents, sub-tropical subjects, Roses, ^c, there is
no dearth of flowers and beauty. Multitudes of curious
and beautiful things meet you everywhere, and as
"propagate" seems to be Mr. Shortt's watchword,
there will be augmented as their merits shall demand.
The host of seedlings being raised, cuttings rooted,
speaks much ; among the former I noticed a fine
batch of the Himalayan Primulas, P. obtusifolia in
particular — a species with the foliage and appearance
of P. Munroi, but wiih purple flowers. Fancy how
eagerly this will be sought by the lovers of this genus ;
there were also good lots of P. Parryi, Stuarti, and
Sikkimensis.

The following plants were found in the garden, and
being comparatively rare deserve special notice : —

Lobelia Tupa, L. — This now seldom seen plant
has been in the highest perfection this autumn, its
fine scarlet flowers towering above make it a con-
spicuous object that should be seen oftener in cultiva-
tion. It requires a moist, very rich soil to bring it to
perfection.

Lobelia salicifolia (Don), L, gi^anlca {BoU
Mao.), — Another grand species of the same order, to
be found in few collections. Unfortunately it is not
quite hardy ; its very fine foliage and splendid orange
flowers make it very interesting, lleingan evergreen,
attaining a height of S feet, and producing several
spikes of flowers, it is sure to attract attention.

Anchusa callithyrsa^ Webb ? — This strange-
looking evergreen is sure to attract notice from
its beautiful symmetrical growth and gigantic thyrses
of dark purple flowers, 20 or 30 inches long, continu-
ing in flower some time. Its hard, woody stems and
rosettes of hirsute leaves, so different from the gene-
rally cultivated species, as well as its variety, makes
it particularly interesting.

GalaHlhus nivalis var. octohrcnsis has been in
flower in the open air since September 20, a fort-
night before its usual time. This useful variety com*
mences the season of Galanthus which v.'ill be sue-

588

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884.

ceeded by G. nivalis corcyrenes, which are now making
their appearance above-ground — and will be succeeded
by others, carrying on a succession of flowers till ths
end of April.

Crocus zonatus^ C. pulchellus, C. Boryi, C.
Tourneforti, and several others, are particularly fine
and early this year.

I must forbear, and not infringe further upon
valuable space, but although a gardener I must not
forget my friends the emus, striding with graceful
step across the grass-land in front of the house ; four
young ones have been reared this season, and their
playful pranks were most amusing. With a fervent
desire that Floore and its enthusiastic owner may long
be spared to enjoy each others company thes«
rambling remarks close. T.

COLONIAL NOTES.

Winter Berry-bearing Plants. — Passing
through the Botanic Gardens to-day, I observed
several berry-bearing plants, all more or less effective
and valuable for winter decoration either in connec-
tion with ornamental planting, or cut and displayed
in the dwelling house, and more especially for the
dinner-table. I will, if you permit, name a few of
them : —

Cotoneaster, species various
(bright scailet berries).

Cotoneaster rctuDdifolia (coral
like pink berries).

£ucalyptus BcifoHa : this is
a most beautiful scarlet
flowering species from W.
Australia ; seed-pods pro-
mineiu, dark giey, on termi-
nal shoots — Bllmg now well
for seed.

Ilex aquifolium (colours of
course as with you, but
berries not so abundant).

Pittosporum undulatum (olive-
green and yellow berries in
clusters).

Raphiolcpis ovata (dark sloe-
like berries, interspersed
with white flowers).

Schinus moUe (berries in Grape-
like bunches, rosy-pink).

With these and many other berry-bearing plants-
Mr. Guilfoyle, the Director, is gradually effecting
improvements in the appearance of the Gardens,
especially in winter when flowers are scarce. " Pen^
rhyn,^* South Varta, MclbQurnCj yidy 23.

Tobacco in Teneriffe.— Vice-Consul Miller, in
a report on the trade and commerce of Las Palmas,
Grand Canary, says the increased cultivation of the
Sugar-cane, and the introduction, on an extensive
scale, of machinery and other appliances for crushing
the cane and the manufacture of sugar, was carried on
last year with great energy and success ; so much so,
that sanguine expectations are entertained that before
very long sugar will become an article of exportation
from the island. On the cultivation of the Tobacco
plant it is stated that great hopes are entertained of
this product becoming also of importance to com-
merce. Experience and practice having taught
growers to improve upon its culture, it is now found
that Canary tobacco compares very favourably with
some of the best qualities grown in Cuba. The
encouragement also which it seems is being held out
to farmers by its use in the Spanish Government
factories will likewise tend greatly to develope its pro-
duction. The yield of the crop last year was only
some 33,000 lb., but this was chiefly by way of
experiment ; and it was expected that this year's yield
would be far more abundant. The Vice-Consul gives
it as his opinion, judging from all appearances, that
the cultivation and exportation of tobacco will ulti-
mately take the place of cochineal, which for so long
a period has been the staple product of the island.

HYDNUM CORRALLOIDES.

A WEEK or two ago a correspondent forwarded us
for naming an example of this rare and extremely
beautiful fungus. We had never before seen a living
example, and as the Hereford Fungus Meeting was
then going on we sent the specimen to Dr. Bull. It
was found growing on a felled Beech near Tuxford,
by Newark, Nottinghamshire, by Mr. W. Gain, who
informed us that the growths had a most beautiful
appearance, resembling white coral (hence Fries'
specific name). As the largest example was 8 inches
in diameter fungologists can judge of the great beauty
of these Nottinghamshire specimens. The same
fungus, we are informed, grew on the same fallen
Beech stump last year. IV, G. Smith,

M, Charles Tulasne. — The death of this ac-
complished botanist and draughtsman occurred at
Hydres on August 21. His illustrations of fungi
and other plants, executed in conjunction with his
brother, Louis Rene Tulasne, are well known as among
the most faithful and admirably finished botanical
drawings.

OLD SNEYD PARK.

Old Sneyd Park was formerly a very large park
belonging to the church of Worcester. After the
dissolution of the monasteries it became part of the
estate ot Sir Ralph Sadler, of whom it was purchased
by Joseph Jackson, and this family was settled here
for 130 years. It has since passed through several
hands, but has now for some years been in the occu-
pation of the present owner, Francis Tagart, Esq.
The hou'^e is over 250 years old ; it was repaired in
1740, but has been lately almost entirely rebuilt,
though upon the old foundations. It is now a com-
modious and picturesque mansion, and contains some
modern statues. The windows and the terrace com-
mand charming views of the woods of Leigh, the
River Avon, and some fine rocks, while from the
tower a distant view of the River Severn and the
Welsh mountains may be obtained. The park and
grounds, about lOO acres in extent, are undulating
and varied on all sides, and contain some grand old
Oak, Walnut, Chestnut, Ash, and Elm trees, which
form quite a feature in the landscape. The gardens
are well kept, and reflect great credit upon the gar-
dener, Mr. E. Miller. At certain times in the year
they are open to the public on payment of ^d. each,
and the money thus obtained is handed over to the
charities of the neighbourhood. Sometimes as many

Bougainvillea glabra, and other climbers. Up the
rafters grow various Dipladenias. The house is warmed
by means of hot-water pipes placed under the front
stage, and in a channel, g, adjoining rain-water tank.
Our illustration (fig. 103) represents the plant-house
only, the fruit and forcing-houses being in another
portion of the garden. The principal feature here is
the great crops of Peaches obtained from trees trained
across the house and under each rafter, about 4 feet
6 inches apart.

THE FRUIT TRADE OF
CANADA.

Fruit raising is fast becoming an important interest
in the western province of Ontario. The present dimen-
sions of the fruit trade bring into the country an annual
income of several hundred thousand dollars. The
climate of Ontario, modified by proximity to the
great lakes, is adapted to the cultivation of almost
all fruits common to the temperate zone. The utmost
diversity of soil and situation affords abundant oppor-
tunity for the growth of the different varieties, and
there is an unlimited market for all the fruit that can
be supplied. All the hardy fruits can be grown to per-
fection in any part of the province. The staple fruit of
Ontario is the Apple, of which eighty-four varieties

Fig. 103. —section through plant- house, old sneyd park.

as 500 visitors pass through the gardens in one
afternoon.

The plant-houses, of which we give a view, form
an irregular and very picturesque group of buildings ;
they were erected and warmed by Messrs. J. Weeks
& Co. The end house with the verandah and two
towers in front, has a very effective outline. As the
interior arrangement of this house contains some novel
and noteworthy features, we give a section (fig. 103.)
It will be seen that there is a stage along the front of
the house ; this stage is of slate and iron, and runs
round the two glass fronfs of the house, which are
seen in the view ; the other two sides of the house
are of brick, and here the path b is raised consider-
ably higher than that marked a along the two front
sides, and -advantage is taken of this to form a large
rain-water tank above ground. This tank, f, is
covered with stone, e, and carries a stage, d, which
is thus raised nearer the glass than it would otherwise
be. Between the tank and the lower paths is a
sloping bed, c, of Selaginellas, with here and there
a Caladium, Begonia, or other ornamental plant
interspersed. This has a very novel and charming
effect. Ventilation is obtained in the roofs at j, j and
K. The house is well furnished with specimen
plants ; among them may be mentioned Latania bor-
bonica, 10 feet in diameter ; Astrocaryum argenteum,
10 feet high ; Chamcerops excelsa, a choice collection
of twenty varieties of Croton, Anthuriums, Gardenias,
iScc. The walls are covered with Allamanda nobilis,

are giown, fully half of which are winter fruit.
Ontario produces the best Apples in the world ; they
rank A I in the English markets, and in the large
centres of consumption are preferred to home-grown
fruit. The imports into the United Kingdom of
Apples from Canada were, in 1SS2, 203,104. bushels,
valued at ;{,87,S52, and in 1S83, 108,113 bushels,
valued at ^47,000.

American Apples, and those raised in Europe, being
the product of a longer season and a slower growth,
lack the high colour, crispness, and flavour that are
found in Canadian Apples. Winter varieties of good
keeping qualities are those principally shipped abroad,
and many thousands of barrels are annually exported
to Great Britain, where the market value averages
about ^l per barrel.

Some idea of the rapid expansion of the export
trade in fruit may be had from an examination of the
Colonial trade returns, which show that the value of
green fruits exported from Ontario and Quebec has
steadily increased year by year from ^4730 in 1S6S 9
to ^103,000 in 18S0-S1. Apples form the great bulk
of the green fruit exported. Several varieties of Pears
have attained to remarkable excellence. Plums arc
largely cultivated in certain sections, and Peaches
grown on standard trees in the south-western
counties are produced in immense numbers. Peach
orchards of from 3000 to 10,000 trees are numerous.
The quality of the Peaches of Southern On-
tario is equal lu any on the continent.

November 8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' . CHRONICLE.

589

Strawberries nte cultivated on a large scale, and counties of Wintworlh, Lincoln, Wetland, Kent and

delivered literally by shiploads in the season at the Kssex, and (ew fruit crops yield as certain a re-

different lake ports and railway depots, whither they turn or give as small a percentage of failures as the

are sent from the places at which they are grown. (jrape,

Grape culture succeeds fairly in all parts of Ontario It is known that Ontario, geographically, is within

with the hardier varieties, and is carried on extensively the latitude of the Vine growing countries of Europe,

and with great success in the south-western part of the and experience is proving that under the ameliorating

province for the sale of the fruit and for the manufac- influence of the great lake system, Grape growing can

lure of wine. Large vineyards are cultivated in the be engaged in profitably on a large scale. The in-

dustry is growing, and promises within a few years to
attain to veiy great importance. The total area of
orchards and gardens in Ontario is 213,846 acres,
and of vineyard 209S acres. P. I.. S. [A/'iv/'os of
this subject, it may be worthy of note that in the
cellars of the Flower Market, Covent Garden, a cargo
of American Apples, consisting of 1200 barrels, were
disposed of by public auction on the 5ih ult. Kd.]

ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS.

TdREE years ago a friend of mine who saw that I
was very fond of horliculture said to me, Why not
try Orchids ? I had grown Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
and succulents with some success in a little green-
house, warmed by a gas-stove outside, not inside the
house, and a coil of hot-water pipes. I could keep
out the frost, but I had no means of keeping up a
warm temperature in winter ; but the idea that it
would be possible to attempt the growth of some of
those which need cool treatment took possession of
my mind, and nothing would do but a trial ; so I set
to work, and made an experiment on a very small
scale. Since then the experiment has gradually
grown, and now I am so successful as an amateur that
I think my experiences may be both useful and enter-
taining to many who have attempted the same thing.
I will therefore endeavour to give the readers of the
Gardeners^ Chronicle a history of my failures and
successes. I have no great secret to divulge, it is
true, but a vast number of details are known to me
which I can find in no books, and which cannot fail to
be useful to those whowish to cultivate Orchids success-
fully. Perhaps they are all well known to successful
cultivators, but every man who tries his hand at this
kind of work is not successful. This is evident to
any one who attends the sales of Orchids in Covent
Garden or the city, I'>ery week or two some unfor-
tunate man sends three ur four dozen pots of dying
plants to the sale. He 1 as invested perhaps as many ■
pounds in the purchaseol .heplantssix ortwelve months
before ; his gardener has failed to do anything with
them, and they are sent up to be sold for what they
will bring — perhaps not as many shillings as they
cost pounds. I am always sorry to see them, they
are signs of failure.

Every now and then too the daily p ipers publish an
article on Orchids. They are said to be so easy to
grow, why then are such disastrous failures so com-
mon ? The answer is simple. Orchids, like all other
plants, are perfectly easy to grow if you know how (o
grow them ; fulfil the necessary conditions and you
succeed. But the conditions must be rigorously ful-
filled.

What are the conditions ? is a very easy question to
ask, not so easy to answer, and the reason is obvious.
Orchids grow in the tropics, sometimes at the sea
level in the hottest and moistest regions of our globe ;
they grow high up in the mountain chains close to the
regions of perpetual snow ; they grow on the chalk
downs of England, in marshes, in woods, and are
even found almost to the verge of the arctic zone.
Except in the arid regions of deserts, and within
itie atciic and antarctic regions, ihey are found in
every part of the world ; so that the conditions
depend upon the kind of Orchid:, which we wish to
cultivate.

I need hardly say, except for the novice, that the
Orchids usually cultivated are denizens of the hotter
temperate and torrid zones. They are usually epi-
phytes— that is, they grow upon the branches of trees,
or in beds of sphagnum ; some, however, cling to
barren rocks, and others grow in peat or sand.
Many grow in close, hot forests, others on the lofty
mountains. It is easy to see, therefore, that the con-
ditions needed are very variable. Not only do the
plants differ in these respects, but they possess con-
stitutional peculiarities.

Every gardener knows how hybrids amongst
Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, and other plants differ in
strength and constitution. I do not hesitate to affirm
that nine Orchids out of ten [in certain genera] are
hybrids, I mean amongst the more beautiful and
curious kinds. Scarcely two Cattleyas or two Laelias
are exactly alike, except those derived from the same
plant by division, or from the same seed-pod, so that
even when the exact treatment is known all even of
the same name do not grow equally well.

The question of treatment must depend on the
nature of the locality from which the plant has been
brought, and the success will often depend on indi-

590

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVFMRER 8. 1SS4.

\idual peculiarities inherent in the plant. Still with
all these difficulties success is not hard to attain, only,
to say without qualification that the culture of Orchids
is easy is to mislead the unfortunate purchaser of an
expensive plant and to produce a certain failure.

My experience is that any one who knows what to
do with a particular plant must succeed with ever-
watchful care and the strictest attention to the most
insignificant details. Kvery plant must be tended as
you would tend a bird or a child, and even with more
care, as the plant cannot select for itself. A bird or a
child will refuse food or water if given in too great
abundance, but an Orchid cannot, without great
injury, withdraw its roots from the material in which
t is planted. Some, however, speak very plainly. I
know that my Cattleyas do not like the compost in
which they are planted if the roots shun it ; under
such circumstances the new roots stand out from the
surface and hang over the edges of the pot without
adhering to it. Much damage is done, however, when
they speak so plainly, for then the roots within are
usually dead or greatly damaged.

Look to the Roots !— I believe the best thing
to do under such circumstances is to take the
plant up and repot it at once. The damage done
by such treatment will probably be very slight,
for Orchids are very difficult to kill, and great
liberties may be taken with them. A golden rule
with me has been to look well to the roots, for if
the roots do well the plants seldom fail, and although
a plant without rootswill often look very well for a time
it will not succeed in the end. My own feeling is that
all amateurs are too much afraid of turning their
plants out of the pots when they are not succeeding,
and so lose many valuable specimens.

Success, or want of success, will depend in a great
measure on the species which are selected by the be-
ginner. I believe that many may be grown with great
success even in cities ; others will not succeed, in my
opinion, except in the pure air of the country. All
those species which require a free circulation of air —
Odontoglossums especially— are very unlikely to do
well except in the country, but those from hot, moist,
tropical forests do well in the suburbs of London,
and I should not hesitate to try them even in the city
itself. The reason is, they need far less air, and do
not resent being shut up close in dark, foggy weather
if they are not kept too wet or too hot.

When I first commenced the cultivation of Orchids
I was advised to try those which require cool treat-
ment. They are plants which come from lofty moun-
tain regions, and my success was not encouraging.
I spent a great deal of money in Odontoglossums,
and my advice is. Do not try them except in pure air.
I believe from what I have seen that they are easy to
grow in the country, but they must have a free circu-
lation of air about them. All they appear to need
then is judicious watering and protection from great
heat and cold. They are certainly ill-adapted for

city life. /?. T. L.

{To I'/ contiitited,)

A HORTICULTURAL SHOW AT

GEORGETOWN, DEMERARA.

In whatever part of the woild the Englishman is
located, if the social surroundings admit of it, he
inaugurates a show for plants, fruits, and vegetables,
and Introduces some of the national games for out-of-
door recreation, appropriate or not as they may be to
the climate.

We are reminded of this by receiving from a cor-
respondent at the above-mentioned place a news-
paper, the Ars,osy, a well-printed, ably conducted
journal, in which is a full account of a horticultural
show held there on September 10 ult. The building
where the produrlions were shown was of an octagon
shape, of 40 feet in diameter, having a span-roofed
projection 30 feet long. The sides were lightly
thatched to afford protection from sun and wind,
while admitting the amount of light the more delicate
plants would bear. This is an idea worthy of the
attention of some of our horticultural friends here,
who hold shows in ill-\enlilated tents during July
and August, where the heat is unbearable both
for man and plants alike. As Sugar is king in
this colony, a prominent point was occupied by
about two dozen plants of Sugar in as many
varieties, introduced from Singapore, Queensland,
and the Sandwich Islands. Then there were exotic
Palms and the native Palms of Guiana, gorgeous

Crulons, and native and exotic Ferns. The floral
section appears to have been meagrely represented,
this being due entirely to the hot weather that had
prevailed for the previous six weeks, for flowers ate
only abundant at Ijeorgetown during the rainy sea-
sons. Ladies competed, as here, in the cut llower
and vase sections, and each under the stress of that
keen rivalry which ladies alone feel to the same
degree, produced some pretty arrangements in table
decorations.

The collections of fruits and vegetables were about
equal, and both small, and with few exceptions
decidedly poor. The Orange was the best represented
fruit, and there were good baskets of Shaddocks
(Forbidden Fruit), sweet, bitter, and Tangierine
Oranges, Citrons, Lemons and Limes. No I'ine-
apples were staged, and Bananas were not largely
shown. The staple fruit of the West Indies, the
Mango, was only seen in two instances, one of these
being from a grafted tree, and said to be of very good
quality. Of the delicious Avocado Pear there were a
few. On the vegetable side only one or two things
deserve mention — viz., a fine sample of white \'am
from the neighbourhood of the Demerara River, and
a yellow Vain from Berbice, which showed how well
these can be grown in the colony, and if their cultiva-
tion were taken in hand would save much importa-
tion. Peppers in variety, and English Cucumbers,
were shown, and we notice in the schedule of prizes
the following items, some of which will seem strange
to English readers : -Green Plantains, white and
yellow Vams, Indian Yarns, sweet Cassava, bitter
Cassava, Tannias and Eddoes, sweet Potatos, Garden
Eggs, Affa Vams, Creole Cucumbers, assortments of
Peppers, green corn, Calalu, Ochros and European
Beans, saladings. Cabbages, Carrots, Pumpkins, and
Tomatos. Among fruits Bananas, Melons, Oranges
in variety. Cocoa-nuts, Cocoa, Simitos, Soursops,
Custard-apples and CherimoyaF.

r r

j hints aiul \\)^\\ luUiuit

Greenhouse Fine-foliaged Piants.— In all
probability some of the hardier genera from among
these most useful subjects will have had to do duty in
some position or other in the open air during the
summer months. Generally speaking, when such is
the case the majority will be found to require a tho-
rough cleansing, as the closer inspection which they
will get when under cover will reveal accumulations
of dust and soot when the garden is in proximity to
populous places ; to these may also be added some
insect pests, especially the white-scale, whii'h is veiy
partial to this section of plants. For this and other
parasites reference to former (Calendars will give the
needful information as to the manner of dealing with
them (see number for October 25, p. 527). Where
there are no such insects a sponging with a weak
solution of soft-soap and water will be sufficient to
cleanse the plants and leave the foliage at the same
time bright and glossy. It will be well to see to ihis
work as soon as possible ; the houses will thus look
all the more cheerful when filled with a cleanly lot of
plants. For the winter months we consider this to
be even more essential than during the summer
season, when vegetation out-of doors is far more
attractive. A little extra time and labour spent in
attaining to a higher standard of cleanliness both in
the structure itself, as well as in the plants them-
selves, will be well repaid. When placing the plants
in the house have an eye to arranging them for effect,
making prominent objects of well-grown examples
and noteworthy plants of extra merit.

No doubt many such plants will be required for
conservatory decoration, the more so if th.at build-
ing be large. The best only should be used
for this purpose, bearing in mind not to over-
crowd the house, which generally is lofty, and
therefore far from being suited for many plants,
especially those of dwarf habit. Any of the stock,
therefore, that is not in the best of health had belter
be kept in a more favourable place. Some of the
greenhouse section of Palms may he in need of a

shift. Should this be the cise, we would not fear to
perform the operation at once, rather than run the
risk of their suftering in the least from drought at the
roots, which should be carefully avoided, and which
in the case of those severely pot-bound ought never
to be allowed. In the case of pot-bound plants the
soil becomes a compact mass of roots, which, when
dry, requires a large amount of water to thoroughly
moisten it. If peat is the chief component in the
soil, the difficulty of wetting the ball will be even
greater. When this is the case, it will be a good plan
to place the plant in a tub of water till it has become
saturated. It will be well to follow out the same
advice when a fresh shift is contemplated, assuming
that the plant has well filled its pot with healthy
roots. Where this is not the case it will be belter
not to shift the plant, but carefully remove some of
the sour and inert soil. A good sound fibrous loam
should form the staple in making up a mix-
ture of soil for the hardier kinds of Palms ;
some l-inch bones and small knobs of char-
coal would, however, be a useful addition.
Should the loam not be all that is desired, some tough
fibrous peat might be rather more freely used in
quantity sufficient for the roots to lay well hold of
before any decomposition in its fibrous texture takes
place. In repotting large specimens of these and
similar plants, allowance should be made to have at
least a fair amount of fresh soil to cover the top of the
old ball besides allowing sufficient space for the neces-
sary amount of water to be applied. We have a pair
of Seaforthia elegans of good proportions that were re-
potted last year, and the usual amount of room was left
when these were last potted for them to receive water.
Since then we have watched their progress with some
interest, the soil at the present time being nearly level
with the top of jthe pots in each case ; this has been
brought about by the increased size of the roots having
forced the soil upwards. These plants and all such,
need shifting or careful daily attention in respect to
watering. When shifting is performed at this season
of the year, the plants if of convenient size wiii be
greatly benefited by being kept in a temperate-house
for a few weeks to encourage rooting. Chrysanthe-
mums now being an important feature in the conserva-
tory, more ventilation than usual will be needed to
retain them in a fresh state, and this would not be
favourable to freshly potted plants nor indeed to some
others that are injured by a sharp current of air. In
the case of succulent and semi-succulent plants, such
as Echeverias, Agaves, and .-Moes, among the former,
and Yuccas, Eonaparleas, and Dasylirions of the
latter, much less water will now suffice to keep the
plants in a healthy state. We do not, however, advise
such an extreme course of treatment for any of these
plants as some cultivators pursue, believing in a
moderate supply being more congenial to their well-
being, even when the plants are comparatively inactive
in growth. If allowed to become excessively dry at
the root, the plant must of a necessity suffer more or
less to the injury and loss, perhaps, of its lower
leaves ; we have noticed this in particular with
the greenhouse section of the \uccas, which when
well cared for retain their foliage for a great
length of time. If .any of the Aralias are become
too tall it will be well to cut them down as soon as
the soil in which they are growing can be got into a
dryish state, so as to reduce any chance of their bleed-
ing. Aralia Sieboldi makes excellent decor.ativc
stuff when raised from seed, and should there be any
possible chance of a plant of this species flowering an.l
ripening its seed, it would be well to take advantage
of (he opportunity to thus increase the stock. Arau-
caria excelsa makes a beautiful plant for the con-
servatory ; and even when small it is useful. This
species can be struck from cuttings; we have not,
however, had the opportunity of late to experiment in
this direction, but imagine there would not be any
great dilliculty if the ordinary course of treatment
accorded to New Holland plants be followed oiil.
Any stock of the greenhouse Draca-nas that have
reached their limit in height should be cut partially
through at the required length, and then have a fair-
sized pot (that has been sawn asunder) placed in posi-
tion over the incision ; when the first pot has become
well filled with roots, take another of larger size, in
order to get an extra amount of roots before being
finally taken olf its old stem. This, though a some-
what more lengthy process, will greatly enhance the
safety of retaining the greater part of the foliage
intact when quite dependent on its new set of roots.
Janus HuJsoii, Giinncrsbtiry House Gankiif,
Acton, IK

November 8, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

591

y^F^UITg 'l^NDEF^ 'QlA33.

Peaches and Nei'tarines. — The importance of
early planting and root lifting is generally recognised,
and where these operations remain unfinished no fur-
ther delay should be permitted. Where the wants of
the future can be foreseen, considerable advantage
can be derived by obtaining young trees, and growing
them on open walls for a season or two previous to
placing them into permanent situations. We adopt
this plan, and recommend it to those who do not.
In replanting trees thus at hand it is perfectly safe —
indeed, it is the correct course to follow — to rcpl^'nt
immediately previous to the commencement of the
fall of the leaf, before the roots become inactive ;
such a practice is, however, impracticable where trees
have to be brought from a distance. We have recently
moved a fine young tree of Darrington Peach (which
had been trained upon an open wall) into a late house
before any of its foliage was ready to fall, and by
keeping it syringed several times daily the shift has
had little if any etVect upon it. Some trees that we
planted in a similar manner last autumn have this
season made exceedinglysatisfactoryprogress, andhave
carried good crops of fruit. Although the best results
invariably attend early autumn planting, the opera-
tion can be safely enacted any time during winter or
early spring provided the weather is favourable ; in-
deed, some cultivators have with good results planted
trees even when at the point of bursting their blos-
som-buds. This system does not, however, commend
itself in a general way, and certainly should not be
pursued from choice. The trees in the early house
having been made ready for forcing, the house may be
closed at the end of this month or beginning of next:
we usually close ours on December i. If the night
temperature can be kept up to from 40" to 45', and that
for the day to between 50° and 55° without (ire-heat
it should not be applied, for the trees will proceed
more safely without it, until there is a perceptible
swelling of the buds ; the day temperature may, how-
ever, advantageously reach 60' with the aid of the sun.
Any borders that are at all dry should be thoroughly
soaked with tepid water, and a moderately moist
atmosphere must be preserved by damping the walls
and floors of the house, while the trees should be
syringed with tepid rain-water at about 9 A.M. and
again at 2 p.m., if they become sufliciently dry to require
it, this is a matter that calls for good judgment, as a too
free use of the syringe, by keeping the buds almost
constantly wet, or a very dry atmosphere, will occa-
sion serious injury ; an error is, however, particularly
before fire-heat is used, more likely to be committed by
bringing the syringe too often rather than seldom into
employment. Where the trees have roots in out-
side borders a firm covering of leaves should be
aflorded] from which much benefit will be derived,
provided it is kept dry by being covered. The pro-
cess of cleansing successional houses, and pruning,
cleaning, and tying the trees in them, should be per-
formed in rotation, as they become ready, while the
borders should be kept moist, and be top-dressed. It
is always advisable to accomplish this kind of work as
soon as practicable, especially the use of insecticides,
as they can be more safely and strongly applied, and
therefore be more efficacious early in the resting
period than after the buds commence to swell.

Melons. — Those who, likeourselves, have to supply
late Melons, will have found the task this seaf.r,n a
comparatively easy one. The weather has been so
exceptionally favourable that it has enabled ripe
fruits to be produced throughout October, surp.assing
in quality many of those that ripen during August in
ordinary seasons. Sach encouraging results ought to
instigate the more general cultivation of this fruit for
late consumption. The latest plants should have by
this date netted and swelled their crops, and the
fruit at this close approach to maturity must be sur-
rounded by a high, dry, and circulating atmosphere —
conditions favourable to enrichment of flavour. Our
latest plants, which this autumn consist of Uest of
All, Hendre Seedling, and Read's Scarlet-flesh, are
grown upon a well firmed narrow ridge of soil, with
a bed of leaves for affording bottom-heat, in which
the roots freely ramify without any injurious effect,
in fact, we are inclined to think an advantage is thus
gained by its admitting of the ridge of soil being left
unwatered from the time the fruits are netted, thus
considerably lessening the probability of canker in the

stems and splitting of the fruits, which the latest crop
is most subject to.

Vines.— Under the influence of the sunny weather
which prevailed when the general crops of Muscats
were ripening, they have coloured and matured re-
markably well this year with considerably less
assistance from the healing apparatus than is usually
requisite in order to bring them to perfection ; this
satisfactory condition is gratf)ing, not only when
looked at from the point of flavour, but also on
account of the excellent keeping properties such fruit
possesses, which so far has precluded cause for
anxiety. A critical time— the fall of the leaf — is,
however, nearing, when very careful attention will be
called lor to keep the bunches in good preservation ;
for this end they should be closely looked over, at
least every other day, when decaying berries should
be removed with as little injury as possible to sound
ones, the leaves should be gathered up as they fall
and a dry circulating atmosphere maintained, by
opening the ventilators more or less as external
conditions admit of. Sufficient fire-heat must be
employed to keep the temperature of the house from
falling below 50* during severe weather, and a few
degrees above that outside when it is mild, while
cutting draughts must be avoided. If the directions
already given respecting covering internal borders
with dry non-conducting material, and protecting
external ones from rain, after being well moistened,
have not been carried out, no time should be lost in
doing it. The above remarks apply likewise to all
varieties of late Grapes, the latest of which should
have been together with their wood perfectly ripe
some weeks since, and for that reason had fire-heat
diminished. The bunches still remaining in the
late Hamburgh-house, may now be gathered with
their lateral growths attached, to be inserted in bottles
of water in the customary way and placed in a late
house where fruit is hanging. Here they will keep
well, and as long as upon the \'ines ; we are treating
ours in this manner, for the twofold object of giving
the Vines the benefit of lii.eral ventilation, complete
rest, and saving of fuel. This practice is especially
applicable where the inside borders are unsatisfactory,
as it permits of the accomplishment of their renewal
before the foliage falls and the roots are dormant.
We find Alnwick Seedling keeping well with Ali-
cantes, and the cultural treatment suitable to the
latter appears to suit the Seedling admirably, with
the exception that extra pains (with us at any rale) is
needed in setting its fruit. The flavour of its fruit,
which was well coloured early in September, is at the
present time deliciously brisk and piquant, and far
preferable to our taste to Ilamburghs ripened about
the same time; and we think this old variety, although
a general favourite and indispensable as a forcer,
might generally be made to give more room to this
noble-looking kind, and the highly flavoured .Madrt s-
held Court, at least for late summer and autumn use,
particularly where the soil is found to suit them.
Thomas Ccomht-y^ Hendre Gardens.

|m \^\h |';"it |ard(|n.

What to Plant, and How to Do It.— Now
is the proper time to plant all kinds of fruit trees
and bushes in the orchard. After many years of
experience and much consideration I unhesitatingly
say that fruit trees ought to be grown by themselves,
and not in the kitchen garden, as one frequently sees
them ; therefore set apart a piece of ground according
to the requirements of the family for their cultivation.
But when the importance of a plentiful supply of
fruit at the table is considered, it deserves more than
a passing thought being given to the formation of a
good orchard, and the maintenance of the same.
The situation should not be on the top of a hill, where
the autumn winds will blow the fruit from olT the
trees before it is ripe ; nor in a valley, where the spring
frosts will injure the blossom ; but, if possible, on the
slope towards the south, andapointjor two to the east
or west is of no importance, provided there is or can
be planted plenty of shelter, and this we would
wish to say is indispensably necessary. The Crab,
Sloe, White Thorn, or Mountain Ash will grow and
bear fruit in exposed situations ; but our choice edible
fruits, brought from all quarters of the globe, must be
cared for in soil, situation, and shelter ; the former

should be at least 18 inches deep, and trenched
previous to planting. A plantation of forest trees
round the orchard should then be made — the Scotch
and Austrian Pines are the best for that purpose.
The following twelve Pears begin to ripen the middle
of July, and will yield a regular supply for as many
weeks, when those which we recommended a fortnight
ago for the east wall will be found to succeed them.
The season of most Pears is of short duration ; with a
few exceptions they only last fourteen days, therefore
it is not wise to have very large trees, consequently
the pyramidal form worked on the Quince is best ;
they bear directly, and can be kept fruitful. The first
ripe is St. Swithin's, then Doyenne d'Ete, Citron des
Carmes, UeuriL- GifTard, Jargonelle, Bon Chretien,
Beurrc- d'Amanlis, Souvenir du Congics, Beurn'
I'.osc, Count de I.amy, Seckle, Fondante d'Automnc,
Belle Julie. The Apple requires much the same
treatment as the Pear ; if the orchard is small the trees
will be best grafted on the Paradise stock, when they
will bear the same season and occupy but little room ;
but if the orchard is a good size they should bo
ordered from the nursery on the free stock, and from
3 to 6 feet of a clear stem. This plan has many advan-
tages, inasmuch as the bush fruit can be grown
under them, or ultimately when well established, if
desired, the orchard can be laid down in grass
and stock can be fed amongst them ; but un-
less the soil is very good we do not recom-
mend this because the grass has a tendency to
rob the trees of their nourishment and the fruit
becomes small and wanting in si/e and juici-
ness. The following is a list of two dozen excel-
lent dessert kinds, arranged in the order of their
ripening, and that will keep up a supply eight or ten
months in succession. I liegin first with Mr. 1 dad-
stone, which comes into season in July; (i^lin, Red
Astrachan, Kerry Pippin, July Pippin, Summer Pippin,
Irish Peach, Worcester Pearmain, King of the
Pippins, Fearn's Pippin, Blenheim Pippin, Scarlet
Nonpareil, Gascoyne's Scarlet, Ashmead's Kernel,
Kibston Pippin, Cox's Orange Pippin, Wmtet
i^aeening, Golden Harvey, Reinette du Canada,
Redleaf Russet, Sam Young, Golden Knob, Sturmer
Pippin. I shall give the names of two dozen kitchen
Apples : — Keswick Codlin, Duchess of Oldenberg,
Lord Suffield, Stone's Golden Noble, Warner's Kin^-,
Stirling Castle, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Tower of
Glaniis, Lane's Prince Albert, Beauly of Kent,
Northern (iteening, Lord Derby, Winter Hawthorn-
den, Wellington, Winter Coleman, Waltham Abbey
Seedling, Mure de Mc-nage, Alfriston, Rymer, Smart's
Prince Arthur, Annie Elizabeth, Bess Pool, Norfolk
Beaufin. I may add that Wellington or Dumelow's
Seedling is the favourite here for mincemeat, while
Lemon Pippin is for Apple jelly. Oftentimes many
of our tender Apples are improved by being trained
cordon fashion, or better still, in the old espalier. A
substantial strained wire fence in a sheltered part of
the garden or orchard makes the best framewoik
whereon to train the trees. Pitmaston Pine-apple,
Ribston, Golden Harvey, Gravcnstein, Cox's Orange
Pippin, Adam's Pearmain, Northern Spy, Hughes'
Golden Pippin, Washington, Redleaf Russet,
Melon Apple, all do well when trained thus.
Plums do exceedingly well either as pyramids or
standards, depending on the situation ; if it is high
and exposed of course the dwarfs have the advantage.
It is well to plant them for succession — they are better
thus in every way : their period of use is generally
August and September. Rivers' Early Prolific, Czar,
New Orleans, Deniston's Superb, Green Gage, the
Saltan, Belgian Purple, Pershore, Prince Englebert,
Transparent Gage, Victoria, Wydale, Autumn Com-
pote, Belle de Septembre. When the trees arrive
from the nursery not an hour should be lost in getting
them planted and securely staked, and as soon as
possible afterwards carefully named with the " Acme "
label, which is the best I have yet seen tor fruit
trees, and they are very reasonable in price. If this
is attended to, the fruit will be doubly interesting
when the name is found attached to the tree in after
years. J. Kiist^ Erid.^e Castle, Snsse.\,

Huge bunches of Hyacinlhus candicans in the
market show that summer is loth to go, and we h.-ive
further evidence of the same fact in the pre'-ence on
our table of a bunch of flowers from Mr. Ware, of
Tottenham, including such pretty things as Polygonum
vaccinifolium, whose slender spikes of pink are so
showy on a rockery ; Scabiosa caucasica, with its large
plate-like flower discs of delicate lavender ; Armeria
cephalotes rubra, with deep rosy pink flower-heads,
and Armeria plantaginea rosea, very similar to the
last, but larger and paler.

592

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 18S4.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

I Stoke Newinglon Chrysanthemum Show
Monday. Nov io \ , (two days) „ , „ „

i ^ale of 1000 lots of First-class Dutch Bulbs,
( at Stevens' Rooms.

r Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of
pruit and Floral Committees, at iiA.M.;
I Scientific Committee, at i P.M.

IRrighton Chrysanthemum Show (two days)
Kingston and Surbiton Chrysanthemum
Show (two days).

^ I Reading, Lambeth, Croydon, and Putney

. .. ^ov. 11 \ Chrysanthemum Shows.

Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at the Millord Nur-
series, Godalming, by Protheroe &
Morris (three days).
Sale ot 2000 I-ilium auratum and 4000 Tube-
roses (African), at Stevens' Roonrs.
f Colchester and East Essex Chr>'santhemum

I Show (two days)
National Chrysanthemum Society's Show,
at the Aquariam, Westminster (two
1 days).

1 Hath Chrj'santhemum Show (two days).
Sale of Lilium auratum Bulbs, at Protheroe

& Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Roses and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.
■ Richmond Chrysanthemum Show (two
days)

lie of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Ntv. 13^ Sale of Nurserj' Stock, at Leytonstone

I Nursery, by Protheroe & Morris (two
days).
Sale of tmportcd Orchids, and gooo Tube-
L roses (Af^rican), at Stevens' Rooms,
r Chrj'santhemuni Show, at the Crystal
I Palace (two days).
Ncv 1.1 i lluddcrsfield Chrysanthemum Show (two
' \ days).

Sale o(^ Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
y Morris' Rooms.

f Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.

Wednesday, N

Saturday, Nov. 15

IN few particulars is there a greater apparent
antagonism between physiologists an(i
practical men than in the matter of Pruning,
and as that operation is now in active progress
a few remarks upon it may not be out of season.
In the first place the practice is the outcome of
the accumulated experience, not of years, but
of ages, and there is no sort of doubt possible
that the practice, if judiciously carried out with
the consideration of the nature of the particular
tree operated on and the requirements of each
individual case, is fraught with advantage from the
pruner's point of view. The objections raised by
the physiologists are irrelevant, because they do
not sufficiently remember that the pruner is seek-
ing his own advantage, not that of the plant.
Hence, the objections raised by the conservative
surgeons of the present day as to the barbarous
mutilation, the waste of force and of stored
material, the loss of time, and so forth. Objec-
tions reasonable enough when raised by the
surgeon in the operating room, are of no
moment in the forest or garden. Granted that
the practice is from one point of view bar-
barous, from another the sacrifice is not only
justifiable, but even beneficial. The imme-
diate advantages outweigh what ill effects may
be consequent on possible disease, decay and
shortening of life. There are plenty more
plants to be had, and it is easy to
keep up a succession to supply the losses
occasioned by the essentially unscientific
treatment of the pruner. Indeed, it is only
unscientific when looked at from one point of
view, and that not the one of the forester or
fruit grower. From their point of view the
process is a strictly scientific one, arrived at by
a long period of induction, and competent to
bring about certain definite and foreknown
results.

One reason why the physiologists and the
practitioners are at issue in this matter is that
neither understands the language of the other.
The practice may be right — of that the physiolo-
gist feels his incompetence to speak, the expla-
nation of it he knows must certainly be wrong.
The astonishing things that the sap is said to
do, rushing hither and thither, turned by the art
of the gardener in this direction or in that,
stopped on the main line, sent on with extra
speed on the branch lines, stimulated here,
checked there — these and similar statements,
the heritage of past times, still encumber our
gardening books, even the best and most
recent of them, although they have long since
been exploded by the more exact knowledge

gained by the vegetable physiologists. Suc-
cessive generations of gardeners learn these
modes of expression, and look upon them
as dogmas to be accepted without dispute.
Successive generations of physiologists are
in dilTerent case. There is no finality in
physiology, but constant progress — very in-
convenient, no doubt, because the teach-
ing accepted as true last year by no means
represents the state of science this year.
But however inconvenient this progress may
be, it tends always in one direction — that
of improvement, and diverges more and more
widely from the dogmas that passed muster in
the middle ages, and which are still looked on
as gospel by the practical man. But while this
progress enables us to say definitely and with-
out doubt that much (not all) of the explanation
afforded by the pruner is essentially false, yet it
must be admitted that in too many cases
the physiologist has not yet substituted any-
thing better. In many points he has
successfully overthrown, but he has not so
successfully built up. Such phrases as " mor-
phological force," " negative geotropism," " t'/x
a t ergo" ^^ ins a froiite," and a host of similar
expressions in modern physiological text-books,
are confessions of ignorance, expressive perhaps
of observed phenomena, but not explanations
of those phenomena. They are mere nega-
tions, and if not recognised as such, will prove
as destructive to scientific progress as 'he worn-
out dogmas of past ages. Hence, if the physio-
logists complain of the language used by the
practitioners, they are not entirely free from
reproach on similar grounds. The importance
of correct practice no one will deny, but the
perfection of theory is at least as important, as
upon it depend the more rapid progress in the
future, and the power of coping with new and
unforeseen circumstances. Theory based on
actual experiment affords, as is stated in the
preface to Lord Bacon's Silva Silvanim, the
best way to "unloose men's minds, being
bound, and, as it were, maleficiate, by the
charms of deceiving notions and theories, and
thereby made impotent for generation of
works ; but only nowhere to depart from the
sense and clear experience, but to keep close
to it."

In trying to come to some understanding as
to the why and wherefore of pruning, we must
therefore modify our notions as to what the sap
is and what it does. We must not look on it as
a fluid of uniform, or at most a twofold, com-
position, running a definite course in definite
channels. All this is false, as has been told
over and over again in these columns, and may
be studied at length in physiological books. It
must suffice here to say that it is not the rush
of sap to this or to that bud which produces the
phenomena we witness, but this or that bud or
growing point being favoured by position, ex-
posure to the heat or light, or both, grows
sooner, faster, or more strongly than others
not so favourably placed, and consequently
consumes more food, which food it gets mainly
from the supplies already stored up, not from
any immediate supply. It is not the sap which
is alive and does this or that ; the sap is
a mere solution of various substances, concocted
by living organs, and to some extent not to be
made otherwise, but it is not living in the sense
that the blood of an animal is living. The
living part of the blood resides in its corpuscles
which float in the liquid part of the blood and
are carried to all parts of the body. There are
no such corpuscles in the sap. It is therefore
not the sap which is alive but the living
matter, the " protoplasm," in the bud and the
growing point. Food is required to enable it to
maintain its life and grow, and that food is
supplied from the reserve stores by the agency
of the sap.

In dealing with this question of pruning and
the rational explanation of its advantages we may

look upon a plant as the possessor of so much
capital, part of which is " floating " or in imme-
diate use, part of which is in reserve to meet
future needs and contingencies. The capital
is derived from water, air, soil, &c., with the
co-operation of so much sunlight and sun-heat ;
it is laid out or expended in the maintenance
of old, in the growth of new tissues, and, as
already said, it is partly carried to the reserve.
The processes of growth and of reserve are
inseparable, but one may predominate over the
other at any particular time, according to the
hereditary tendencies of particular species, and
the circumstances of seasons, &c. Some plants,
especially those of cold countries, and where
a period of prolonged drought occurs, have
a marked tendency to reserve a large part of
their capital in such banks of deposit as tubers,
fruit-spurs, i&c. All plants do this more or
less— even • annuals store up food in their
seeds— and the process is often associated
with, or rather followed by, a period of com-
parative rest brought about, not by the action of
storage, but by external causes, in this manner
we see flowers expand and fruit formed on the
wood of last season's growth. In other cases,
as in annuals, growth is more rapid and con-
tinuous, the tendency to store up capital is less
marked, and in such cases we see flowers and
fruit rapidly perfected on the wood of this sea-
son's growth. The rational explanation of
pruning, then, maybe elicited from an examina-
tion of the nature and mode of growth of the
plant operated on, the ascertained effects of
pruning, and of the practical objects it is desired
to attain — points which we propose to consider
on a future occasion.

— Abies cephalonica.— It was curious to read
the little that was known of this fine tree at the lime
the Pindiim IVolntrnense was published, and to find
oneself beneath a stately specimen in Mr. Waterer's
nursery lately. When the book mentioned was
written, it was not known whether ihe cones grew
upright or point downwards, hut there is no doubt at
all about the matter now, and the top of the Knap
Hill specimen was covered with cones growing as
the cones of Silver Firs should. At Pampcsfoid the
finest specimen in 1S83 had a height of some 50 feet.
The particular specimen we figure (fig. 105), howevei,
came from North Wales, and when Mr. Webster fiisi
forwarded the cones they were singularly beautiful,
the scales being of a rich velvety brown-fawn colour,
set off by the recurved tips of the bracts, which were
golden-brown. The stiff bristle-like, dark green leaves
also are a characteristic of this fine species. They
come off on all sides of the branches but are turned
all in one direction. There is a thick layer of
strengthening cells immediately above, while on the
lower part of the leaf are two resin canals. It is a
native of the mountains of Greece, and is for the most
part hardy throughout Britain, but when young it is
apt to be " spring tender," a quality it loses as it
grows older. A. panachaica and A. apollinis are
mere synonyms for this species, which is by some
considered as only a variety of the common Silver Fi ,
but which for garden purposes is abundantly distinct.

The Apple Congress at Chiswick,

1883.— We are requested to state that the report on
the Apple Congress, which was held at Chiswick in
1883, is now ready, and that nurserymen and seeds-
men who desire to purchase it in large quantities can
have it on special terms on application to Mr. J. D.
Dick at the offices of the Royal Horticultural Society
at South Kensington,

Dr. G. Haberlandt.— This well known

botanist has recently been appointed to the office of
Professor of Botany Extraordinary at the University
of Graz, and holds Ukewise the post of a supplement-
ary Professorship at the High School of the same
town,

Underground Fungi ok Denmark. A

volume on this subject by Mr. E. Rostrop is being
published by the house of JiJRGEMsEN, in Copenhagen.
The author gives the results of his own and other
persons' observation and researches in Denmark.
After first explaining the meaning of the phrase,
"Underground fungi," and carefully reviewing the
literature bearing on |the subject, examples of many

November S, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

593

tare species are given, as an Amylocarpus enceplia-
loides, CURR., that was found at a depth of 10 inches
upon a root of Fagus sylvatica, destitute of rind.
Finds on the roots of Clover, Vitis, Diucus carota,
&c., are also noted.

Mushroom Growing. — To meet the assumed

want of a little work on the cultivation of the Mush-
room artificially by amateurs in town or country,

and progress of the manufiicture of "Coir" will be
read with interest. In 1SS2 no fewer than 11,590
tons of raw material were introduced, whereas in
1S66 only 5246 tons were imported. One mat made
by Messrs. Tkelo.ar for the principal entries to the
Health Exhibition ineasured more than 400 square
feet. The details of the collection of the raw mate-
rial and its manufacture will be novel to most readers,
and of interest to all,

the plants, which to the general public are perhaps of
little use so long as the common names are rightly
given, and they appear to be so in this case. The
use of block letters mixed with the general type
draws attention at once to the house or object referred
to. The Guide consists of fifteen pages, and is illus-
trated with six woodcuts — views of the Pagoda, Palm-
house, Pagoda Vista, Ruined Arch, Museum, and Sun
Temple. Good type andjpaper are used, and the whole

Fig. 105. — ABIES CEPHALONICA. (SEE P. 592.;

Messrs. Hurst & Son, of Houndsditch, London,
have issued a pamphlet of about ten pages, which
contains almost everything in the way of instruction
that a person — even one totally ignorant of anything
pertaining to the growing of this esculent — could need.

"The Prince of Palms."— A popular ac-
count of the Cocoa-nut Palm and its products, with
incidental reference to other Palms. It is illustrated
with excellent woodcuts, and is altogether well got
up. It is, however, to be regretted that the compiler
did not submit the proof-sheets to the scrutiny of
some competent botanist. The account of the rise

The Royal Gardens, Kew.— A new proof

of the increasing popularity of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, is given in the appearance of a new penny Guide
which is so far superior to those which have hitherto
been sold in the neighbourhood of the gardens that we
have pleasure in drawing attention to it. It is called
a Popular Guide to Kew Gardens, and consists of a
brief historical sketch of the gardens, followed by a
short description of the principal houses and other
features, which are all accurately described, their
position being indicated by a capital letter, referred to
on a whole page plan. Space in this Guide has been
economised by the omission of the scientific names of

is printed in chocolate-coloured ink. The publishers
are IIcNRY GooD & S(J.\, 12, Moorgate Street, and
it is on sale at the railway bookstalls,

Diseased Leeks. — Some badly infested

foliage of Leeks was forwarded for our inspection a
few days since, and the annexed observations of Mr.
WoRTHINGTON G. SMITH on this and other species
of minute funguses allied to it may be of interest to
our readers, the more so as Chives and other of the
Onion tribe ate annually attacked, causing the decay
of the leaves ; but gardeners do not as a rule attribute
this to anything more than the effects of natural decay,

594

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[XOVEMRFR S, tSS^.

occurring as they do at the end of the summer : —
"The orange fungus so badly infesting Leeks at
Coldstream is Uromyces alliorum, sometimes called
I'redo or Trichobasis. It is not new, but is local
and erratic in its appearance. We have never
seen a case so bad as yours, although we believe
there was an unusually bad case at Edinburgh a
few years ago which led to a lawsuit, the grower
believing his crops had been injured by a neighbour-
ing factory. It is possible that this fungus is one
form of the pest named Puccinia mixta, which
attacked Chives so badly near Shrewsbury a year or
two ago ; it was reported on in this paper by Mr.
William riiiLLiPS, F. L.S,"

The Jiiand Tree {Prosopis spicicera).—

Amongst the specimens recently received at the Kew
Museum from the Forestry Kxhibition at Edinburgh
is the remarkable tap-root of the Jhand tree {Prosopis
spicigera). The tree, it seems, was grown on the bar
of land between the rivers Eeas and Kavi. The speci-
men was sent from India, to illustrate the depth to
which this tree sends its tap-root to seek for water.
The following description accompanied the specimen ;
— The length of the tap-root is 62 feet altogether,
and it is probable that 5 or 6 feet more might
have been left in the ground. The root de-
scended vertically for 11 feet, where it reached
the sand and found sufficient moisture to exist :
here it twisted in a most curious manner, and taking
a direction at right angles to its previous one, spread
along the sand.; at about 10 feet further along the root
turned to the left, and making rather a wide loop,
crossed itself at the same level. It is thus that pro-
bably 5 or 6 feet have been cut off from the end of
the root by the workmen digging it out. The root
crossed itself at about 8 feet from the place where it
began to take a horizontal direction.

RiciiARDiA -ETHIOPICA.— A group of these

■ at Gunnersbury Park is deserving of notice because

of Iheir dwarf sturdy growth, and deep green leathery
leaves. They are growing in 32 and 24-sized pots,
and flowering freely ; but their hardy growth is due
to Mr. Roberts having potted them in the stififest soil
he could find. They are in a house where they have
plenty of air and light, and as the heavy soil was
pressed down firmly about the roots they do not
require so much water as might have been expected.
In the case of the Gunnersbury plants this method of
treatment answers admirably.

Salvia Bethelli.— Of the batch of Salvias

introduced by Mr. Cannell a few years ago S.
Bethelli appears to be the most useful. The others
have, no doubt, failed, to a great extent, to answer
the expectations formed of them, and they are not
frequently met with in gardens, while the old Salvia
splendens, with its rich vermilion flowers, remains a
favourite to this day. At Gunnersbury Park Mr.
ROKERTS grows S. splendens and S. Bethelli rather
largely ; the latter, in the form of vigorous plants of
large size, is flowering freely in one of the vineries,
and if the spikes of flower are cut when nearly deve-
loped, the pale purple glow of the flowers is very
pleasing. Mr. Roherts raises a batch of plants every
year by means of cuttings taken in the spring.

Christmas Roses. — Probably owing to the

warm dry season these appear to be getting very
active at an unusually early period. The giant-
flowered II. maximus, or H. altifolius, is already
throwing up its blossoms in a heavy loam under a
west wall near London, and the ordinary II. niger is
already thrusting its flower-buds above the surface,
and if established plants be lifted and potted, using
pots only just large enough to take the roots, with the
addition of a little soil, which should be pressed firmly
about them, the plants will flower well in a cold
frame or cold house, unless the weather should prove
very severe and frosty, and then the help of a little
warmth is needful. The risks which Christmas Roses
run upon blooming in the open air at mid-winter are
great, unless a light or frame can be placed over the
plants, which it is not always convenient to do. In a
cold house, with as much light as can be given, the
flowers open of the purest white, and they are very
useful at Christmas. Plants that are lifted in this way
are not materially checked if as soon as they have
done flowering they are planted out-ofdoors in rich
loam. I!ut it is well to let them rest for a season, and
therefore the collection should be divided into two
batches, lifting one in altein.ate years. When planted

out it should be in a deep loam, deeply stirred, and
enriched by the help of some manure. A surface
mulching of leaves and dung during winter greatly
helps the plants.

Nerines at Gunnersbury Park.— Mr.

Roberts has these in very fine form just now. There
are a large number of plants growing in 4S-pots in a
cold frame plunged up to their rims in tan, and they
appear to consist of two species, viz., N. coruscans,
with large heads of brilliant vermilion-scarlet, very
handsome, bold, and showy ; and N. Fothergilli,
with equally fine heads of crimson flowers flushed
with purple. The former, if the true N. coruscans,
throws off very freely side growths, which soon
become flowering bulbs. When they have done
blooming the plants are put into a gentle bottom-heat
for the winter, then repotted, only giving just such a
shift as is necessary, and then gradually allowing
them to die off and go to rest. That this system of
treatment answers well is abundantly shown by the
fine specimens Mr. Roberts is now flowering with
such conspicuous success.

Pine Lady Beatrice Lamhton.— This

appears to be a free growing variety of the Pine-apple ;
but notwithstanding that the fruits attain a large size
Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury Park, states he has
not been successful in ripening it ; it reaches a certain
stage, and then decay sets in near the base of the
fruit. It is said that eminent cultivator, Mr. David
Thomson, of Drumlanrig Gardens, experiences the
same difficulty. Mr. Roberts has at the present
time some fine fruit, and he is hopeful by means of a
change of treatment to thoroughly and successfully
ripen them. Let us hope he will not fail to secure
this end.

Hydrangea paniculata grandiplora. —

When we published our illustration of this plant it
was received in some quarters with polite incredulily,
in others with the assertion that the artist had
"embroidered" his subject, and so on. The real
truth is that the artist, though he doubtless faithfully-
reproduced the specimen before him at the time, con-
siderably understated the potential size and magnifi-
cence of the plant. A quarter of this plant in Mr.
Waterer's nursery at Knap Hill, perhaps one-
eighlh of an acre, at the end of September afforded a
sight the magnificence of which can hardly be
exaggerated.

Odontoglossum Alexandr.t;.— a magni-
ficent bloom of ihis charming autumn bloomer was sent
us by Messrs. Ireland & Thomson of Edinburgh,
which was of remarkable substance, and good regular
form, the crest being prominent and ot a beautiful
bright tint. The width of the flower in its widest
spread was a trifle over 4 inches. The spike from
which it was taken is said to have thirteen flowers
on it.

Pellionia PULCiiRA.— For general hoili-

cultural purposes this plant may be inferior, in point
of usefulness, to the older and better known P.
Daveauana, on account of its slower growth, but in
point of beauty or neatness it is far superior to that
species. P. Daveauana is described in the GarJencrs'
Chronitk, vol. xxli., n. s., p. 262, and the species
under notice differs in the proportionately shorter,
broader, and blunter leaves, which are of an intense
green colour, and irregularly blotched all over with
grey on the upper surface. The flowers are of the
same uninteresting and inconspicuous character as
most others of the Nettle family, but as a foliage plant
it is a decided acquisition. It may be grown in pans
or allowed to ramble over a piece of tree Fern stem,
into which it will root and prove itself very attractive.
It has flowered in the Begonia-house at Kew.

Agave Americana Flowering.— The fact

of this plant flowering but very rarely in this country
under the ordinary treatment given it seldom fails to
make the happy possessor of a specimen in bloom
place the fact on record. If the Agaves were treated
more in accordance with their requirements, and
which, being natives of the warm temperate zone,
are those of more heat during the period of
growth, and less cold quarters than stables and
outhouse in winter, these plants would grow
quickly to flowering dimensions, and would
make much finer specimens in a short time
than we usually see them, The following is

from a correspondent at Cherkley Court, Leather-
head :—" Replying to your enquiry regarding the
plant of Agave americana, I beg to say it is, as near
as I can tell from information from the previous
o.vner, about ninely-six years old. We have a pair
of them, only one flowering. I anticipate the other
plant may flower next season. They have been in
my charge about thirty-three years, but have been
much knocked about in that time, owing to change of
residence and accidents, a large Elm falling on them
and breaking the leaves, &c. lioth are in tubs. The
leaves are about 6 feet across, the length in stem is
about 14 feet ; altogether about 16 feet G inches.
There are seventeen fascicles, or trusses, of flowers,
besides the top one, which has now just opened."

Chrvsanthemums at the Temple Gar-

ijENS. — These exhibitions continue to be visited by
large numbers, who appear greatly to appreciate the
fine displays at both places. P.oth Mr. Wright and
Mr. Newton deserve great credit for the perfection
to which they have brought their collections. In Mr.
Wright's (Middle Temple) we noticed' some very
handsome blooms of Lord Wolseley, also Mr. W. II.
Morgan, a fine straw-coloured incurved, and some
fine blooms of Elaine. Amongst the newer varieties
the following were most to be admired :— Boule d'Or,
a fine yellowish-bronze fapanese, distinct ; Salteri, a
fine carmine-red, shaded with scarlet, Japanese
flower ; (Uoria solis, a large bright golden-yellow
flower, having the outer florets shaded with orange ;
Comet, a showy Japanese flower, with bronze centre,
red and brown changing to yellow ; Mrs. Townsend, a
fine crimson Japanese ; Roseum superbum, a fine dis-
ticnt Japanese, having a rosy-lilac shaded with chamois
flower ; Souvenir d'Amsterdam, another very fine
large Japanese of a rich violet-crimson tint ; and
Brunette, a fine light brown flower belonging to the
pompon class. Mr. Newton (Inner Temple) had
some good blooms of Prince Alfred ; Madame Closs,
a large Anemone flower, rosy-violet in colour, with
while-tipped yellow centre j Angule, a rose-lilac
Japanese with twisted florets ; Margot, a rose-chamois
Japanese flower ; Alexandre Dufour, another Japan-
ese variety, with rosy-purplish blooms ; La Joyeuse,
a large rosy-purple free bloomer ; Bacchus, a fine
Japanese flower having rich velvety-crimson, reverse
white petals ; and Thomas Todman, a quilled golden-
yellow variety, distinct.

Buddleia crispa.— Specimens of this may

be seen in the open air at Kew, both in the collection
and against the wall of the Economic-house, in which
latter place it has flowered. It is a I limalayan species,
originally introduced to this country by Major Mad-
den, and again collected in Afghanistan by Dr. AlT-
CHISON in 1S79, at elevations ranging from 4000 to
8000 feet, and must therelore be possessed of a con-
siderable degree of hardiness. It is No. 444 of his
collection, and is described as a shrub growing to the
height of 12 feet in its native habitats. The pale
purple flowers are collected in terminal cymes, and the
whole plant, with the exception of the corollas, is
covered with a white felted tomenlum. This is
especially so on the underside of the narrowly ovale,
bluntly serrate leaves, and gives to the whole shrub a
very hoary appearance. There is a figure of it in the
nohiuiial Ma^autie, t. 4793.

Runner Beans, — There are just now many

growers of this serviceable and favourite vegetable
who are lamenting that they did not take the precau-
tion to sow a lew rather later than usual, and in a
spot where the plants could obtain some small amount
of protection from early autumn frosts. Even in
market gardens we have recently seen large breadths
in the open fields quite destroyed by early (lotober
frosts, whilst a few sown beneath trees have not only
escaped, but are still fruiting abundantly. Almost
more than Peas, the runner Bean is a vegetable that
we do not soon lire of, and no gardener finds the
season too long. If, therefore, by taking the simple
precaution of sowing a few rows rather late anil
beneath overhanging trees, a supply may continue till
the end of October — or, if frost be mild, even into
November — the gain is great, liven Urge Beans,
that in summer would prove tough and stringy, are
now quite soft and succulent. Some gardeners may,
perhaps, smile at the suggestion, but we can aliirm
much useful fruit may be obtained by sowing some
half-dozen secil in large pots or tubs late in July,
staking them and standing in a fairly cool place, then,

KovrMPFR S, 1SS4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

595

early in October turning them into an early vinery,
»htre they may stand and fiuit (reely for a month
longer ihan oiher runners will in the open air. We
aie not veiy great enthusiasts for big Beans, though
good large straight samples look handsome enough on
the exhibition table, but gardeners rather want very
free bearers and pods of a good green colour. Many
of our market growers favour the White Dutch in
preference to the scarlet kinds, because the pods do
nui purple or colour like those of the latter, but keep
a bright green hue, and are thus more saleable. A
grower of some 10 or 12 acres of Runners said the
other day that he rather preferred the Tainted Lady,
believing it to be the most prolific kind.

National CARN.iiTiON and AuRictJi.A

Societies.— We are informed that the Executive
Committee will arrange for a general meeting to he
held at South Kensington, December 9. The prin-
cipal liinineis will be the adoption of a code of rules
for the management of the Societies, there having
hitherto been no such necessary basis of operations.
In respect of the hour of the meeting, &c., the
memlieri will have due notice.

rilACf.I.IA rAMI'AN-UI.ARIA. — It will be

remembered that in 1SS2 this interesting new annual
was exhibited at one of the meetings of the Royal
Horticultural Society at South Kensington, and
awarded a First-class Certificate of Merit. Mr. W.
Thompson, seedsman, of Ipswich, who then exhibited
it, now announces it for distribution, and it will be
a very fine addition to our blue-llowered hardy annuals.
In habit it resembles the well known Whitlavia gran-
dillora, which is now placed by botanists in the genus
I'hacclia, but which has a much more spreading and
bushy habit of growth, and is, therefore, more flori-
ferous ; an average plant will cover 9 inches of
ground. Its great attractiveness consists in its
large and numerous flowers, which are of the finest
deep Gentian satiny-blue, of a shade rivalling
ihAt of Salvia patens, produced in terminal
rjc^mcs of from twelve to twenty blossoms, which are
developed in succession. Each flower is about three-
fourths of an inch across, of an erect campanulate
form, with a spreading five-lobed limb, and short
funnel-shaped tube, marked in the throat with fine
iililong while spots. There are two forms of Phacelia
already among our hardy annuals, viz., P. congesta,
bearing light blue flowers, and growing about I foot
in height ; and P. tanacetifolia, taller in growth, and
of a darker shade of blue. Both are very pretty,
though, unlike some other annuals, of comparatively
short duration. Blue being a favourite colour among
flowers, these pretty annuals are acceptable on that
account, but this new one, announced by Mr. TiIOMP-
sox, appears to far transcend the old type, and it
will, no doubt, become a favourite.

Clematises. — In answer to "A. M.'s"

enquiry in a recent number of our journal, we have
received the following list from a lady correspondent,
which, if it do not contain some quite recent additions
to this beautiful class of summer and autumn climbers
and general decorative plants, still has many of the
favourites of former jears.

Ale\.-,ndra . . . . . . Single. Large pale rcddish-

violct.
Beauty of Surrey .. .. ,, Light greyish blue.
f;iiie Gem Pate Ci^rulean-blue, ch.-ing-

ing to a satiny-mauve.

C.<:rulea odorata , Reddish-violet; fragrmit.

Cariiidisairaz tl »re-pkno .. Double. White.

Duchess of Edinburgh .. ,, White.

Fair Rcsamond ,. .. Single. I;lii5;h-\vtiite.

tiipsy tjueea ,, DjrJc velvety-purple.

Jackmanni .. ., .. ,, Intense violet purple.

Jeanne d'Arc . . .. .. ,, French-white, blui,-h veins.

John Gould Veitch -. .. Double. Soft lavender-blue.
La*Iy Alice Neville .. .. Single. Delicate mauve.

Lady Eovill .. .. ,, Pure mauve.

Lanuginosa . . . . , , ,, Pale lavender.

Lanuginosa Candida.. .. Semi-double. Gieyisli-white.

Lanuginosa nivea ,. ,. Single, Pure white.

Lord Load esborou^h .. ,, Deep mauve. pnrpli:h-red

bar.
Loui^ van Houtte .. ., ,, Rich violet,

t.ucy Lemotue .. .. Double. Pure white.

Mis^ Bateman .. .. Single. Pure while, somewhat

fragrapl.

Nigricans ,, Deep purple, almost black.

Prince,-s of Wales , Deep bluish-mauve.

Sir Garnet Wolseley , Slaty-blue, plum-red bar.

The Shah Lilac.

William Kennett , Deep bluish-lavender.

The Lambeth Amateur CirRVSANTiiE-

MtiM SofiETY announce their tenth exhibition for
Tuesday and Wednesday, the nth and I2!h inst., at
Hawkstone Hall (the Rev. Newman Hall's), West-
minster ?)ridge Road. This spacious hall is a great

improvement upon their old quarters in the Borough
Road, and we understand a grand display is antici-
pated. The lion. Sec. is Mr. i;eori:e S. Addison,
23, Peckham t-irove, S.E.

Linnean .Society.— The following is a list

of the dates of meeting of this Society for 1884—5 :—
November 20, December 4 and iS. 1SS5 : Janu-
aiy 15, February 5 and 19 ; March J and 19 ; April
2 and 16 ; May 7 and (Anniversary) 25 ; June 4 and
iS. The chair will be taken at S o'clock in the
evening precisely, at every meeting, excepting on
May 25, the day appointed for the Anniversary
elections, when the chair will be taken at 3 o'clock in
the afternoon precisely.

New CiiRYSANTiiaMUMs at Messrs. J.

Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.— A great many novel-
ties of the Japanese section are yet to bloom
at this nursery, and of the many in flower at
the present time we select the following as being
amongst the finest and most distinct : — W. Robinson,
bronzy-yellow, received a First-class Certificate from
the National Chrysanthemum Society ; L'lncompar-
able, very large flat bloom of a dull golden colour ;
Fremy, a bright crimson-chestnut, very fine ; Rosa
Mignonne, gold and chestnut, early; Mons. J. C.
d'Equilior, a deep crimson, tipped with gold ; M,
Astorg, a large white, fine ; Helvetic, a rosy-lilac, with
twisted petals ; Mr. Richard Lariss, a rosy-lilac, white
centre ; Talfourd Salter, a fine variety, not yet sent
out, and judging from its present appearance likely to
be a really good acquisition of dwarf robust habit,
with pyramidal-formed flowers, somewhat flattish
fine overlapping petals of good substance, and of a
deep scarlet colour, tipped and bordered with gold.
We think this variety, which has been raised by Mr,
Salter, to be one of the finest of its particular class,
the colour being striking and very pleasing, and the
form somewhat apart. Another year we may hope
to see this in yet better form.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Nov. 3, 18S4, issued by the
Meteorological Oflice, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather has been in a changeable, un-
settled condition generally ; some heavy falls of rain
have occurred in the extreme western and northern
parts of the kingdom, but in the south and east several
bright intervals have been experienced and the rain-
fall has been slight. The temperature has fluctuated
considerably, but, on the whole, has been a little
below the mean in " Scotland, N.," and between 1°
and 3° above it in all other districts. The maxima,
which were recorded on different dates in the
various localities, ranged from 62" over central,
southern, and north - v/estern England, and in
the south of Ireland, to 5S' in the north of
Scotland. The minima were registered at most
stations on October 29 or November 3, and varied
from 25^ in " England, .S." (at Strathfield Turgiss on
October 30), ard 28^ in *' England, S.W.," to 34" in
"England, N.E." " Scotland, W.," and ''Ire-
land, N.," and to 44° in the "Channel Islands."
The rainfall has been more than the mean in
the north and west of Scotland and over Ireland,
but rather less elsewhere. Bright sunshine shows
little change from that recorded last week, the
percentages of possible duration varying from iS in
"England, N.E.," and 19 in "Ireland, N.,"to3i
in " England, E.," and 40 in the " Channel Islands."
Depressions observed : — At the commencement of
the period the centre of a deep depression was lying
off the east coast of Scotland, producing fresh or
strong westerly gales on all our coasts. By the fol-
lowing morning, however, this disturbance had disap-
peared to the eastward ol Sweden, the gales had
gradually subsided, and an area of high pressure was
extending over France from the southward. During
the next two days (the barometer being highest over
!■' ranee and Germany) depressions moved in a north-
north-easterly direction outside our western coasts,
the wind consequently backing to the southward
or south-westward, and increasing in force. At
many of the Irish and Scotch stations (on the
3ISI) a strong southerly gale prevailed. By S A.M.
on November 2 the conditions had again changed ;
the high-pressure area had receded eastwards, and
some " \' "-shaped depressions advanced over our
islands from the westward, causing the wind to
vary greatly in direction, but by the end of the
period these had moved from our neighbourhood,
and the barometer, after recovering briskly, was
again falling in Ireland, with increasing south or
south-easterly winds,

GARDEN PALMS.

(Continued from p. 523 )
.£■(11// /j, Jiicq. —Although but sparsely represented
in the gardens of this country, the majority of the
hundred species of which the genus jlactiis is com-
prised are particularly handsome when young, and,
with few exceptions, {;row freely under ordinary stove
treatment. Twelve species are grown at Kew. Wlicn
old these plants are not handsome in a garden sense,
their thin straggling stems, and the fewness of the
leaves which compose the head, being rather too
ragged to be considered ornamental. All the species
inhabit the woods of tropical America, and especially
the forests of the Amazon, where, according lo Dr.
Spruce, they are " almost as numerous as the
Geonomas, and, along with them, form no incon-
siderable portion of the undergrowth. They are
found in all kinds of situations, wet and dry, Init
prefer recent forests to primitive." Most of the
species have thin whipstock-like stems, the excep-
tions being 15. major {(lulielma speciosa), li. Tlumeri-
ana, and one or two others. The stems, loliage, and
spathes are covered more or less thickly with spines,
and the leaves are in most of the species more or less
pinnate, the segments being acuminate. The seeds
are generally round, as large as Grapes, very hard,
and are marked at one end with three punctures or
depressions, as in the Cocoa-nut. The rind or sarco-
carp is generally thin, brown, and scaly, .and in a few
of the species, /.t\, E. acanthocarpa, clothed with
spiny hairs. The thick, succulent rind of the fruits
of B. major, the "Peach Palm," forms an important
article of food to the natives of various parts of South
America. These fruits are borne in large bunches,
and are about the size of an Apricot, are Turnip-
shaped, and in colour vary from yellow to scarlet. In
some cases the seeds are absent, and the fruit is then
a solid farinaceous mass. These fruits are eaten either
boiled or roasted, and in flavour are said to resemble
Spanish Chestnuts.

The cotyledon of Bactris is bipartite, as also are the
leaves for the first year or two, after which the foliage
becomes pinnate, except when belonging to the species
with simple leaves.

B. haiiilifcra, I fort. — Ilab. ?
B. Binoli, llort.— Ilab. ?
B. Caraja, Iloit. — Ilab. ?
B. cfatiory Wallace. — Amazons River.
B, cl^i^aiiSy Hook. — Brazil.
B. Maraja, Mart. — North Brazil.
B. Jiiajor^ Ja-cq., "Peach Palm" (Gulielma spe-
ciosa), Mart.). — Brazil and West Indies.
B. mitis^ Ilort. — Guiana.
B. ol'ovafa, Wendl.— Ilab. ?

B, Plumeriava, Mart., " Prickly Pole," — West
Indies.

B. simpUcifronSy Mart. — Trinidad to Brazil.
B. tyichospatha^ Hort. — Guiana.
Baculatia, F, Muell. — A small genu^ of Australian
Palms, there being but two species, one of which, B.
monostachya, is a well known and handsome garden
Palm. It is known by the name of " Walking-stick
Palm " in allusion to its slender stem, which attains
6 to 8 and even 12 feet high, with a thickness rarely
exceeding that of the thumb. From the summit of
the stem rises a plume of deep green leaves 3 to 5
feet in diameter, and mixed with these are the slenJer
whip-like spadices. Both at Kew, and in the nurseries
of Messrs. Henderson, this Palm proves hardy
enough to be grown in a greenhouse, in fact it is
healthier when thus treated than in a tropical house.
The leaves are pinnate, some of the segments being
broader than others, with lips truncate and incised.
I have not seen seeds of this Palm. A most useful
decorative plant.

B. iiionoslachya, F. Muell., Bol. Mag.., t. 6644. —
"Walking-stick Palm" (Areca monostachya. Mart. ;
Linospadix monostachya, Wendl. ; Kentia mono-
stachya, Hort.)— New South Wales and Queensland.
Beniinckla^ Berry. — ^'oung plants of the only
species are now in the Kew collection, having been
obtained from seeds collected in Travancore and
sent to Kew by Colonel Beddome. The largest of
these is about 5 feet high, measuring the young un-
developed leaf ; the stem formed by the sheathing
bases of the petioles being i foot long and 3.^ inches
wide at the base. The leaves are nearly 5 feet in
length and 3 feet wide, with a very graceful, arching
curve in the smooth yellow rachis ; the segments are
broad, with a long, tapering apex, narrowed to a
hair-like point, and are iiright green, with the prin-

596

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVFMBRR 8, IS84.

cipal nerves almost white. In general appearance
this plant resembles a young Cocoa-nut Palm, than
which it is, however, much more graceful. Full-sized
specimens are described as being very elegant. 20 feet
high, with a smooth, ringed, Bamboo-like stem,
2 inches in diameter. The mountains of Travancore
are the home of this Palm ; it thrives well at Kew in
a tropical, moist house, and enjoys an abundance of
water. The seeds are perfectly globose, smooth,
shining, bright purple in colour when fresh, and in
size are a little larger than Peas. When dry, they
are furrowed longitudinally ; the albumen is solid,
white and horny. The cotyledon and the leaves of
the first year are bi-partite, becoming gradually pin-
nate, until on large plants the foliage is very like that
of Cocos nucifera. B. Conda-panna is one of the
most distinct and handsome of the Palms at Kew.

B. Conda panna. Berry. — Travancore.

Bismarckia, Hildeb. and Wendl. — A single species,
of coarse appearance when young, like the Hyphsenes
and Borassus, to which genera it is very nearly allied.
Like these genera, too, the Bismarckia is very diffi-
cult to cultivate in Europe. There are young plants
of it in the Kew collection. Seeds of this Palm were
brought to Europe from Madagascar several years ago
by M. Hildebrandt.

B. noliilis, Hildeb. and Wendl.— Madagascar.

Borassus^ Linn. — Although amongst the most use-
ful, the best known, and the most interesting of
Palms, yet this genus appears to be unknown in
European gardens. Young plants of B. flabellitormis
have been again and again obtained from imported
seeds, but these have never lived beyond the seedling
stage. At Kew there are several seedlings of it now,
but if one may be guided by past experience there is
small hope of their ever becoming large plants. Asa
garden Palm therefore this species is of little value.
Of its uses as a source of food, and of clothing, shelter,
&c., for the people of the countries where it is found,
both wild and cultivated, much has been written by
Seemann, Ferguson, and others, to whose works the
reader is referred for information on this subject.
Full sized specimens of B. flabelliformis have thick
trunks 70 feet high, supporting an immense head of
large palmate leaves. The seeds are large, flattened,
and are covered with short projecting brown fibres.
Cotyledon a long simple, stout blade. In the museum
at Kew may be seen mats, baskets, umbrellas, books
made of leaves, sugar, spirits, wooden boxes, and
various other articles all made from different portions
of the " Palmyra."

B, flahelliforiins, Linn.; "Palmyra Palm." — Tro-
pical Africa (cultivated in India). W. W,

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AT
SLOUGH.

This nursery, which has been so long famous for
florists' flowers, is, judging from the display just now
submitted for public inspection, as justly entitled to be
noted for Chrysanthemums. Over 950 varieties are
grown, principally in 8 and g-inch pots, the plants
being the very picture of health, and not in any
degree leggy. Three large houses are devoted to
them, so that the visitor has an excellent opportunity
of comparing the various different sorts and observing
their various good points or otherwise. Large quan-
tities are also grown for cutting from, principally
Elaine and a few other popular sorts ; but we were
informed that in future Lady Selbourne— the fine
white sport from James Salter — will supersede in a
greater measure those now used. White blooms
are now much inquired for, but coloured varieties
are rapidly rising into favour. The collection is
hardly yet in full bloom and perfection, many of the
varieties having still blooms to open, consequently,
for some weeks to come a visit to Slough will afford
a great treat to any one inerested.

In the first house we entered, amongst others, we
noticed the following as being in beautiful condition :
— Le N^gre, deep maroon ; L'Incomparable, crimson
and bronze ; Hiver Fleur, a soft silvery rose ; Bis-
marck, a bright orange ; Hero of Magdala, of a
blood-red colour, the reverse of the petals an orange-
buff; To Kio, reddish-crimson petals, tipped with
gold, being charming; Constance, much resembling the
last, but without] the reddish tinge ; Madame Brum,
a quilled lilac flower ; La Charmeuse, purple, tipped
with white ; Orphee, a rich crimson and gold flower,
having twisted petals ; Lord Beaconsfield, a dull
golden-red bloom, which seemed very distinct ; Mons.

Lemoine, chestnut, the petals beautifully tipped with
gold ; Alfonso XII., deep chestnut-red, a fine full
flower, and distinct ; Mons. Castel, a deep crimson
and gold bloom ; and Flambeau. It will be seen
the above were all of the Japanese section, or hybrids
from it, these being now the most admired of any. In
the next show-house were some thousands of large
flowering varieties, presenting a display very pleasing
to the eye, the numerous colours being most har-
moniously blended ; the most conspicuous were : —
Mr. Bunn, Chevalier Domage, Refulgens, Jeanne
d'Arc, very fine ; Beethoven, Mons. Eli, amaranth ;
Mrs. Dixon, very fine blooms ; Dr. Sharpe, Georges
Sand, Lord Wolseley, White Globe, Beauty, the
large incurved blush-pink flowers were very pretty ;
Comte de Morny, Annie Salter, Mount Etna, fine re-
flexed chestnut-red ; Lord Alcester, the fine primrose
sport from Empress of India ; Prince Alfred, Sir
Stafford Carey, Her Majesty, Vesta, Lady Hardinge,
delicate rose incurved ; Enamel, large ; and Barbara.
In the last house was a collection of the finest of the
different types, and a finer sight a Chrysanthemum
fancier could not wish to see, some of the flowers
being enormous ; for instance, Comte de Germiny,
having flowers 19 inches in circumference and full 6
inches in depth ; White Globe, about the same size ;
and many more very large and fine, notably L'lle des
Plaisirs, crimson tipped yellow, Japanese ; Mons. Henri
Jacotot, a large reflexed flower, having a yellow centre
with the outer florets red ; Mons. Desbreux, F. A.
Davies, another flne sort of a maroon-colour ;
Criterion, Triomphe du Nord, a bronze-chestnut
flower; Mons. Richard Larios, a bloom of a rosy-violet
colour, with white tipped florets ; Duchesse de Gerol-
stein and Lady Selborne were very fine ; Curiosity,
the lemon-tipped brown petals of which were very
striking; Mdlle. Blanche Pignyisaprettycreamy-white.
These Japanese hybrids, and afewof the large incurved,
such as Prince Alfred, Dr. Sharpe, Bendigo, bright
canary, incurved sport from Mrs. Heale, of exquisite
shape and finish. There were likewise many other
varieties that have been noticed in the other houses,
but all having fine large blooms well finished, and on
plants beautifully clean and healthy, the foliage of
which in no small degree shows off to better effect
the lovely flowers.

J4ojVlE j^ORRESPOJ^DEJ^CE.

Autumn Flowers.— It is not often we see these
in such abundance as 'they are this year, which is
owing to the glorious weather, as during the greater
part of this month we have had it both sunny and warm,
and Dahlias, Michaelmas Daisies, Chrysanthemums,
and other things, have felt this, and are now quite
gay with their flowers. Dahlias have long been
favourites for the autumn, but this year they have
shown their value for that season more than ever,
especially the single kinds, as with these you may cut
and come again, and most beautiful they are for
dressing, the only fault with them being that they do
not last many days ; but as they are produced in such
abundance that does not matter much, for there are
always plenty to follow, and it is only the little
trouble of gathering and putting them up. Those
who wish to save seed should pick the ripe heads at
once and lay them in pans or on paper in some airy
place to dry, when, after a week or two, the seed
will be forward enough to rub out, and may then be
put into packets and stored away till it is wanted for
sowing. Although the tops of Dahlias are very
tender, frost does not hurt them low down, and when
the heads get killed it will be quite lime enough for
taking the plants up, as the crowns of the tubers will
be safe beneath the soil for weeks yet to come. When
they are lifted they should be laid on the floor of some
dry shed or cellar, as they will keep well under the
same conditions as those that suit a Potato. It would
appear that we shall soon have Chrysanthemums all
the year round, as there are plenty of summer
flowering kinds ; and yet one feels almost sorry to
see them, as they seem out of season ; but no doubt
we shall get reconciled to them after a while, and look
on them with the same favour as we now do the
Marguerite. By the way, could not this be used for
breeding from ? For if so we should soon have some
perpetual bloomers. Late sorts must now be got
under glass, as the buds are not safe after this ; but
though housed, the plants should have plenty of air.

or mildew will soon appear on the leaves, and not
only that, but the flowers will not be half so good as
Ihey will if they come on slowly and naturally, without
the temperature being raised, as they are very impa-
tient of warmth. Liquid manure will be of great
service in helping the production of fine blooms, and
may be given with advantage to the plants whenever
they require water, provided it is not over-strong.

The Profits of Woodlands. — There are some
statements in Mr. Michie's article on forests not
paying, which I think cannot be allowed to have a
universal application. Certainly it is not always true
that a plantation of one kind of tree only will pay
better than a mixed one. Take, for instance, the
Oak. I consider that nothing can be worse manage-
ment or worse economy than to plant an Oak wood
of Oak alone, because for a great number of years the
necessary thinnings will be absolutely valueless
(except for the bark) ; and the same thing is true of
the Sycamore, which is one of the most valuable of
trees when it has attained a large size — 18 inches or
2 feet in diameter, and is clean grown from standing
sufficiently thick on the ground to have few small side
branches, but which is of very small value indeed
when it is less than 6 inches in diameter, whereas
Larch is valuable from the lime that it is of the
size of a hedge stake, and therefore it must be
better economy to plant Oak or Sycamore only at
such a distance (say 6 or 8 yards apart) as they will
need to be when they attain such a size as to be
valuable, and to fill in between them with Larch.
I am also surprised at his statement that in
a case which he quotes. Spruce of (I suppose)
thirty or thirty-five years' growth were worth 5j-. a
tree, whilst Larch of the same age were worth only
3.(. In many parts of the country these figures would
certainly be reversed. The comparative value of
young Scoich would, I should think, be nearly the
same even on land which suited Scotch, as it is
only the he.artwood of old Scotch that is good for
anything. To lay down the rule that only trees of
the same kind should be planted together is, in fact,
equivalent to saying that no tree whose timber is only
valuable when it is old ought ever to be planted at all
for profit. C IV. Strickland, Hildenleyy Oct. 27.

Uredo, Puccinia and ^cidium. — I am indeed
pleased to read Mr. Smith's vindication of his
views on this matter at p. 534 of the Gardeners^
Chronicle, and to find that he had been mis-
represented in the report of his Chingford address.
I fear, however, that he will never become convinced
of the genetic relationship of .Hcidiura with the other
spore forms of the hetero-cismal Uredines, for Wheat-
mildew is not very likely to be ever found upon
Barley, nor are Cluster-cups likely to appear on
Wheat plants. One thing I am very glad of, namely,
Mr. Smith only discredits *' the so-called hetercecismal
laboratory experiments with the spores of Puccinia
graminis and .Ecidium berberidis." My cultures
have not been made in a laboratory, but out-ofdoors
in my garden ! Mr. Smith will pardon me if I draw
his attention to the fact that Professor De Gary has
figured an .^xidium and a Puccinia springing from
the same mycelium in his paper on " -Ecidiura
Abietinum," in Botanische Zdtun^y 1S79, pi. x., fig. 9.
Charles B. Phwright,

Inripatiens Sultani. — Allow me to add a few
words in praise of this plant as a decorative flowering
subject ; also, as to its easy management. The end of
last May I placed an old plant, that had been flower-
ing through the winter, out-of doors under a north
wall. I was surprised to see it break into growth low
down. I then cut it back, still letting it remain
where it was : in about a month it grew into a nice
bushy plant, and began to flower quite freely. Think-
ing at the same time it might possibly grow in the
open border, I planted out some small seedlings in
6o's as an experiment ; the result was, that they
grew quite freely, very dwarf, and each plant was
covered with bloom-buds. About three weeks ago
I lifted them, shook the loose earth from them,
potted them in 32's, and now they are nice compact
plants, some 2 feet through, and i S inches in
height. After lifting I kept them shaded and cool
for a few days, then placed them in a gentle heat,
and now they are one blaze of bloom. VV. H,
Stephens^ The Gardens, Ham Manor, Worthing.

Garnishing Plants.— What are the various forms
of garnishing plants which find most favour ? In this
country Parsley takes the highest place for meat dres-
sing, but there are other objects requiring garnishing
besides meat, amongst which fruit takes high rank.
Fern, though the most favoured of garnishing material
for flowers, is not employed in dishes, but Vine leaves,

NovE^rBER S, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

597

Mallow, coloured Kale, Bramble, and Mahonia
foliage are often largely employed. Tlants of these
are, however, not easily exhibited in pots. Parsley
is found in two distinct forms, although the fancy
Fern-leaved kind is not much grown. Kales are in
exceeding variety, but do not now enjoy the favour
they once possessed. The foliage of the Oak and
other pretty cut-leaved Pelargoniums make elegant
garnishing material, and so also does the linely formed
growth of Asparagus, especially of plumosus. Pro-
bably few regard the foliage of the garden Anemone
as suitable for garnishing, and yet much of it is singu-
larly pretty and elegantly lacmiated. Some of the
curled Cabbage Lettuces might be found useful, so
also may be the leafage of the Horned Poppy, or o(
the various kinds of Cenlaurea and Cineraria mari-
tima, once so favoured in bedding displays. Probably
there is no plant that has pleasing curled, cut, or
prettily laciniated foliage that may not be included in
the list of garnishing plants. Why, even the leaves
of the Bay tree and the Oak are sometimes used,
though these may hardly be shown in pots. There
are, too, the pretty Japan Acers, with their truly
elegant leafage ; will they be admitted into the gar-
nishing division? Truly, when we begin with the
section there seems at the first glance to be only
Parsley, and presently it is found that their name is
legion. D. B.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent.— In my
letter of the 29th ult. I stated that I had written to
my old men, who are either non-subscribers or more
or less indebted to me for their present position. Of
their response I shall have to write hereafter. My
present object is to make known lo others what I
have done, and what they also may accomplish if they
will only put their shoulders to the wheel. I com-
menced a personal application to the owners of
gardens and their gardeners yesterday evening, and,
although I have only been out a few hours, I have
received enough cash to purchase a life membership.
As yet I have only been to a few places, but have
not met with a single refusal, subscriptions varying
from 2 guineas down to <^s. This good fortune, I
need not say, will encourage me to wait upon every
gardendoving lady and gentleman within driving
distance of Eastnor, and, although this is not a hor-
ticultural district, I am sanguine that there are yet a
few good sums in store for me. To-morrow is our
magistrates' meeting, and, although I have never been
before those gentlemen, I intend to be there, and to
plead, too, not for myself, but for my less fortunate
brethren, whom, I am grieved to say, do not come
forward in a voluntary manner to help themselves. If
every man in receipt of 251. a week and upwards would
give iJ.,the^420wou]d be raised, the generous offer of a
cheque for 1^500 would be secured, and our craft would
be saved from everlasting disgrace. But if they will
not do this — if their manly pride will not force them
to look beyond the workhouse — let me, through the
columns of the gardening papers, beg of the old-
established family gardeners to put their horses to
their traps and make a personal application to the most
likely owners in their own immediate districts. If
they have never been out on this errand before,
let me inform them that they will be received with
kindness and courtesy by hundreds of ladies and gen-
tlemen who are ready and willing to give to an excel-
lent institution like ours. Let roe urge them to set
about the work at once, and I have no hesitation in
saying the Augmentation Fund will be made up in a
week, and many permanent subscribers will be added
to our list. I say this advisedly, two of the gentle-
men who have subscribed to my fund having given
me permission to send in their names as annual sub-
scribers. W, Coleman,

A short time since, in conversation with my

foreman, I enquired of him if he had seen Mr.
Cutler's appeal to gardeners respecting the Benevolent
Institute. He said he had read something about it,
but understood very little of what it meant. Well, I
said, I will enlighten you as far as I am able. The
facts of the present appeal are these : — The committee
of the Institute have long wished to raise the annuity
to ^20 per annum, instead of £l(>t as at present, but
in order to obtain this additional ^4 per annum the
committee find it desirable to raise the reserve fund to
;^20,ooo. To obtain the required sum an anony-
mous friend promises .^500, the deficiency, which
now does not exceed ^£^400, to be made up by gar-
deners by the end of the present year, if not the pro-
mised ;i^500 will be withdrawn. The foreman said it
would be a shame to lose such a munificent offer, and
said he would name it in the bothy, and in small
sums he collected 5.^., which is four times the amount
needed if each of the 13,000 gardeners in England
would give only ij'. R, Westcott^ The Gardens^ Raby
Castle.

Sportive Chrysanthemums. — It is worthy of
record that of the new incurved Chrysanthemums to
be sent out this autumn nearly every one is the result
of sports. There are two sports from the white
Empress of India, one named Bruce Findlay, the

colour pale canary- yellow, and having all the large
size, fine form, and other good qualities of the
varieties from which it is obtained ; the other is Lord
Alcester syn. Princess Imperial, the colour prim-
rose— very fine also. Another is President San-
derson. This is a sport from the soft lilac-pink
Lady Slade, but is of a purple-tinted buff colour ;
the form is fine, the flowers large, and the florets
elegantly incurved. Bendigo is a sport from the
creamy-white Mrs. lleale, the colour clear yellow —
fine in form and full in substance. It is noticeable
that those with whom these sports originated claim
them as flowers raised by themselves. But it cannot
be said that a grower raises a sport. Another new
incurved variety is Carmen ; in reference to this no
particulars of origin are furnished. It is simply said
to be a large, dark red, incurved flower, brilliant
gold in the centre, and in all respects a very fine
variety. Not a few of our leading varieties of incurved
Chrysanthemums are the result of sports. R. D,

Fawkes' Improved Slow-Combustion Boiler.
—Several improvements have been recently intro-
duced into hot-water boilers by Mr. Fawkes, of the
firm of Crompton & Fawkes (formerly T. H. P. Dennis
&Co.), of Chelmsford. The annexed section (tig. 106)
will illustrate very clearly of what these improvements
consist. The boiler has a flat front, so that it can be
easily built into a wall of a greenhouse similar to some
other boilers; in this way the feed-door, door for regu-
lating draught, and smoke-flue, are all outside the

Fig. io5. — fawkes' boiler.

house, and consequently no fumes can injure the
plants. The front is backed by a fire tile, by which
means excessive radiation of heat into the open air is
prevented. The boiler stands on a flat fire-tile, in
order that the true slow combustion result may be
obtained, as the air which is required to maintain
combustion is only admitted in front of the fuel in-
stead of underneath, so that complete control is main-
tained over the rate and manner of combustion. Not
only so, but in consequence of no ash-pit being re-
quired, a boiler occupying the same space as other
ordinary boilers will, of course, contain a much larger
furnace area and heating capacity. As will be seen
the back of the boiler is inclined so that there is a
greater tendency for the hot gases to impinge upon
the waterway than if the back was parallel with the
front. In addition to this, by a very slight modifica-
tion of the ordinary smoke-flue cap, Mr. Fawkes pre-
vents all possibility of down-draught.

Ornithogalum gracile. — I see in the Gardeners''
Chronicle for September 20 and 27 two letters from
Mr. C. WoUey Dod, and Mr. J. Woodford respec-
tively, asking if any one has been able to grow Orni-
thogalum gracile, I am surprised that there should
have been so many failures to grow these bulbs, and
I think that in most cases it is due to their having
been thrown away before sufficient time had been
allowed them to start. I planted some of the bulbs
in a box, at the beginning of last march, and left
them in the cold greenhouse with only an occasional
watering, and they began to develope leaves about a
month ago. They look very healthy now, and I am
going to shift some of them to the hothouse, to force

them into bloom. I should like to hear if any one
else has been able to grow them, if only in justice to
the importers. /•'. Brown, Florcmc Villa, West
Dukou'h. [Those shown to us at our office were
extremely healthy little plants, growing in a potful
of ordinary garden mould mixed with a small portion
of silver-sand. The bulbs we found well rooted in
this soil, which was not apparently the best for them
iir any plant. Ed.]

Ripening of the Wood of Fruit Trees. —
Every gardener of experience knows how important
it is that the wood of fruit trees be well ripened, as it
is only when in that state that the blossom-buds
become fully organised, and if they do not reach that
stage it is impossible for them to remain on and set.
If they do not do this next spring, it will be entirely
owing to the weather then, as never do I before re-
member so good a promise, for though trees were a
little distressed after the great heat of the summer,
they have recovered wonderlully since the heavy rain
early in September, and are now studded with big fat
buds that look almost ready to burst, and these are*
still being fed by the healthy fresh-looking leaves,
many of which are only just changing colour. Truly
it has been a beautiful season, and such an one as
rarely occurs, and the memory of the oldest inha-
bitant seems taxed and must go very far back to recall
the date of one anything like it. Some persons in
their anxiety to hasten maturity sweep off the foliage ;
but in my opinion that does much more harm than
good, as trees part with it readily enough when the
buds no longer require its aid, and frost often robs
them full soon. To anticipate the natural fall and
strip them is ill-directed zeal, and few who denude
their trees would be found doing the same to their
Vines, but if it is right in the one case it must be in
the other. Instead of brushing the leaves off, it is far
better to thin out the wood directly the fruit is
gathered, when most of the pruning may be done
with satisfactory results to the shoots left, as they
then get full exposure, and assume that hard, nutty-
brown hue we all like to see. J. S.

The Potato Disease. — "A. D.," at p. 459,
in some interesting remarks upon this subject —
to which, owing to the advent of the Woolhope
week, when all mycologists are in a state of
morbid worry and excitement, I have not had an
opportunity of replying before — points 'out very cor-
rectly that tubers may be affected on their lower sides
as well as upon their upper. To a great extent " A.
D.'s " explanation of the rain washing the spores to
the under as well as to the upper side of the tubers is
true, but this is also undoubted if brought about by
the activity of the ciliated zoospores. I have many
times tried to infect tubers at a given point, but
although I have succeeded in doing so in a few
instances, yet as a general rule I have found the
zoospores too active for me — they are all over the
surface of the tubers in no time. "A. D." will
I trust pardon me if I correct him in one little
point. He speaks of the *'Jensenian theory of
the external operation of the Peronospora spores on
the Potato tubers." This point in the physiology of
the Potato disease is not due to Mr. Jensen at all,
and he lays no claim to it. Let us give honour to
whom honour is due. It was the discovery of Pro-
fessor De Bary, of Strasburg, many years ago. All
Mr. Jensen lays claim to is the discovery of the spore-
retaining power of the soil, especially of sandy soils.
"A. D." has apparently encountered the peculiar
affection of the tubers at Chiswick, which appears
first inside them. This affection closely resembles in
appearance the brown spots caused by the Phytoph-
Ihora mycelium, it is, however, not due to this cause ;
but upon this matter I shall have more to say by-and-
bye. Charles B. Plowright.

Curious Incidents in Tree Growth. — During the
past summer I came across two curious examples of tree-
growing in places, at first sight, decidedly adverse to
such. By those who delight in studying Nature, as
seen in wood and forest, an occasional seedling plant of
alien kind is often seen nestling in clefts of large trees,
&c., to wit. Gooseberries, Currants, even Sycamores,
&c., in such manner as to cause no surprise. The
two incidents I now note are, however, somewhat
removed from anything of this kind, both as regards
age, size, and position. Lately I had occasion to
visit the very fine display of Orchids which has now
become an annual treat given by Mr. William Bull,
of the Kmg's Road, Chelsea, and at the further end
of the walk which leads through his conservatory on
the left-hand side of the doorway, I noticed a curious
instance of the above kind, showing at a glance what
strange places seeds fall into, or are placed by various
agencies, how well they grow in such unfamiliar sites,
and the remarkable contrast such a commingling of the
varied aspects aftbrds. The plant which carries the
strange burden is a tree Fern some few feet in height,
with a thick, aged bole, but a very scanty crown of
fronds, and it is from the side of the stem that a tall
spreading tree has grown, which is probably more

598

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVemcer S, 1884.

than 20 feet in height. A root has projected from the
bise of the tree and has thrown downwards, entering
the stem of the tree Fern lower down. This root has
become at once a root and a branch, and a support to
the parent plant, My second incident is a native one
and consists of two exceptionally large and vigorous
trees of the Mountain Ash, growing out of the
thatch of, and over an old summer-house. This
summer-house is hidden away from public view
upon an elevation in a wood, now rented by Mr,
Saville, between \\oodford and Ilford, and which
used to be a part of the beautiful old Hainault
Forest, now desecrated and destroyed, unfortunately,
excepting in such minor portions as this one.
This summer-house is a very old one, certainly,
and no doubt consists of a new thatch placed upon
the old. The two trees which grow upon the thatch
are large, probably from 12 to 15 feet in height,
spreading, and so thick as to lead one to sup-
pose their roots found nourishment in the ground
below. After careful scrutiny no doubt could exist
of Iheir having their roots in the thatch alone. When
it is considered what a very dry season we have just
passed through it is a matter of wonder how the trees
have thriven so well on such a site. Williain Earlcy^
Ilford,

Eriobotrya japonica. — \Vc have just now in
llower a plant raised from seed eighteen or nineteen
years since. There are over fifty trusses of Ilowcr
now open, the scent being very fine, and from which
I hope wc may get a crop of fruit. I have at the
same lime another plant of it flowering out-of-doors,
and have flowered it before, but not fruited it. F, Pa^c.

Meconopsis nepalensis, — I enclose a flower-
stem of this handsome plant, all the flowers (as yet in
blossom) having six petals. The long drought seems to
have hurried some plants of it into blossom before they
have gained strength to attain their usual height, or
else it is too late in the season for them to do so.
C. M. Owm,

Tubular Boilers. — " Vorkshircman," on p. 536
of your issue for October 25, asks information regard-
ing horizontal tubular boilers. I would not recom-
mend him to try one, nor would I recommend the
upright tubular, unless he has abundance of coal, or
is residing where fuel is no object. The tubulars arc
very good, but for durability and economy no boiler
can take the place of the Chatsworth saddle as placed
by the Messrs. I'earson, of Beeston, and '*Vorkshirc-
man " will not require a Ijoiler 8 feet long to heat
2500 feet of 4-inch pipe. I do not consider the boiler
is the main agent unless it is put down by some one
of yreat experience. Some boilers have entirely
failed, and after having been reset have done their
work well. The employment of an experienced hot-
water engineer generally makes any boiler work,
although some require four times as much coal as
others. Thniiupton,

Gumming Roses. — We read with surprise, in
your issue of the 1st inst., that the National Rose
Society had decided that an exhibitor of gummed
Roses should not be disqualified ! As we see in the
Lctk Times that several members of that Society hold
a djiicrent opinion, it would be interesting to learn
how the decision was arrived at, and who were the
members that pronounced it. As members of that
Society, if we had known that such a case was under
discussion, we should certainly have used what pri-
vileges we might have on the side of disqualification,
and we believe if a general meeting of the Society
were called the present decision would be reversed.
Will. Paul ur= Son^ Wallhaiii Cross,

Hot-water Pipes.— I was much interested in
leading Mr. Christy's letter in your issue of Novem-
ber I on hot-water pipes. I have no doubt whatever
but it is a step in the right direction. Heating surface
is the desideratum, and if it can be obtained and the
quantity of water reduced, boiler power and consump-
tion of fuel can be reduced in proportion. liut is not
Mr. Christy going to the opposite extreme ? He says
ihata7-feet length of 6-inch annular pipe will hold
Sj gallons of water, while a similar length of his
semi-annular pipe will hold but 5 pints. Is not that
loo small a quantity ? and must not the space be so
small as to create a fear of stopping up entirely by
corrosion of the iron ? I think nothing less than an
inch space would be safe, and that would then require
a much larger quantity of water than 5 pints for that
length of pipe. I think the idea of using them as
evaporating troughs good and practical, and I should
be pleased to see the system put into practice by some
manufacturer, and I for one will give them a trial.
John Charltoii^ Summer Vale Nursery, TunbriJ^e
[Veils,

The Gladiolus.— Now that the season for these
flowering bulbs is over, and the time for lifling and
stoiing the bulbs at hand, I should be glad if your
correspondent, Mr, Murphy, of CIudukJ, would give,

in the colunms of the Gardeners* Chronkic, his

method of storing, which he promised to do in his

article on Gladioli that appeared in the issue for
March 29 this year, p. 408. ^, MeL , Glasgozv.

Mildness of the Season. — As evidence of the
unusually mild autumn this year we may mention
that Strawberry plants are again in flower, and that a
ripe Strawberry was gathered at St. Albans during
the third week of October ; also that a standard
Pear tree in the garden of Dr. J. H. Gilbert, at Harp-
enden, is in full bloom. IV,

National Carnation, Picotee, and Auricula
Societies (Southern Section). — I had not intended
to send any communication to the papers in answer
to Mr. Dodwell's letters. It seemed better to avoid
any controversy, and I will try to do so now as far as
it may be personal to myself. Since that decision I
have been advised that Mr. Dodwell is taking steps
to resist the action of the committee ; it is, therefore,
I think, but fair that I should thus publicly justify
my own action and that of the committee. As soon
as I had finally decided to resign my office as co-
secretary, I believe amongst the first persons I made
acquainted with my decision was Mr. Dodwell. I
ultimately wrote to him, asking that he would be
good enough to .summon a meeting for October 14.
He could have called a general meeting or a com-
mittee meeting, I did not care which, but he refused
to do so. I say this to show that the manner of sum-
moning the meeting was left in the first place in Mr.
Dodwell's hands. The next step I look was to sum-
mon a committee meeting for the I4lh, and Mr. Dod-
well was invited to attend ; he knew quite well why
the meeting was called, the members of the committee
I think did not. I ultimately, as I thought, wrote to
all the members, with the exception of two, who I
knew could not attend, but I copied from a wrong
list and omitted Mr. Dean. To him I have
written to apologise, and he has accepted my
apology in good faith. Mr. Dodwell says he was
elected by the general meeting, held on February I2
last. A meeting of members was called for that dale,
but as usual they did not choose to attend. Mr.
Dodwell knows well that the business has always
been practically transacted by the commiltec. All
the members of the committee present at that meet-
ing (Feb. 12) were invited by me to attend on
L)ctober 14 last. I may say there was one member
of the Society present on February 12, a Mr. Rowan,
but neither rules nor precedent could constitute one
man a quorum lo elect officers. Further it was well
known to all the members of committee that Mr.
Dodwell had not resigned. He had not sent in his
resignation. Mr. Dodwell and I have recently been
so frequently at issue in transacting the affairs of these
societies, that I am amazed he should think any
explanation necessary. Indeed he had apprised me
by letter that the "dual secretaryship had added to,
not diminished, the work." It is impossible that my
resignation can have taken Mr. Dodwell by surprise.
The committee had to decide on the spur of the
moment between Mr. Dodwell and myself. There
were no rules, and no precedent to guide them, con-
sequently they acted as any business men would have
done. They reconstituted the societies on a diOercnt
basis. Office bearers were elected for the year 18S5. I
wasappointed sole secretary without adissentientvoice.
Mr. Whitbourn, of Great Gearies, Ilford, to be Pre-
sident for the Auricula Society, and Mr. Llewelyn,
of Pcnllergarc, Swansea, who had sent in his resig-
nation, was asked to reconsider it, and at the urgent
request of the committee he has accepted the oflice
of President of the Carnation and Picotee Society for
next year ; Mr. Shirley Hibberd, of Kew, and Mr.
Harry J. Veitch, of Chelsea, were appointed
auditors ; Mr. H. A, Roll, of Wimbledon, Treasurer ;
while Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, and Mr.
I libberd were appointed to draw up a code of rules
for the future guidance of the Societies. I am
advised that they will not be ready for November II.
It will, therefore, be necessary to postpone the meet-
ing until December 9, when a general meeting will
be called, at which the committee will, no doubt, be
prepared to justify their proceedings. Surely Mr.
Dodwell cannot believe that the gentlemen present
on October 14 would knowingly transact any business
that was not fair and open, or that they were animated
by any personal animosity to him. J, Doiii^las,

Saxifraga aquatica. — This plant when well
grown is, without doubt, "a stately Pyrenean
species," but is it not a mistake to say "it is also
found on the mountains of Corsica " i Two years
ago I saw it in the Pyrenees in all its glory and state-
liness ; in fact, sheets of it jards across, growing in
the icy streams. I have, however, no recollection of
seeing it on Mont Rolundo, or un any of the moun-
tains in Corsica. There are, however, two closely
allied species, viz., Saxifraga Corsica and S. pcdcmon-
tana. They are equally as large as to the flower, but
the former species is very dwarf, while S. pcdcmon-
lana is a close rival with S, aquatica. If the last*

named species has been discovered in Corsica, it
would be most interesting to know the exact locality.
R. Poller.

A Caution.— The Shoddy-man— f.(-,, the liaveller
from Dundee— has recently been in this locality. He
still quotes the nearest good Scolch gardener as his
uncle ; still has large quanlitics of canvas netting and
shalloon aprons at hali price "in the cart ;" and slill
has his last piece of Scotch tweed to dispose of. Ltt
our young gardeners beware. He is very canny. It
is high linic his trade among us was put a stop to.
G, IV., i'.\ bridge.

Exhibition of Apples and Pears (Exeter) :
Oilobcr 30 and 31. — "An Apple fair " was the appella-
tion with which the above exhibition was announced in
the local papers, schedules, &c., but as buyers and
sellers and produce for sale were eniirely absent, the
heading above given is more appropriate. This is the
first time an exhibition of fruit only has been held in this
part of ihe country, and considering the short lime
which had elapsed since it was determined to huld one,
the promoters arc to be congratulated on the Luccessful
result. The Mayor of Exeter (Alderin.ui Wilkinson)
originated the idea and formed a committee, composed
of several gentlemen interested in fruit culture, who must
with his Worship have worked very energetically to get
logcthcr such a grand display and at such short notice.
Altogether more than 2000 dishes were staged, com-
petitors contesting from Hereford, Kent, and most parts
of Ucvonshirr. The schedule comprised thirty-eight
classes, witli money prizes ranging from 2 guineas to 2.',
in value, all subscribed by citizens of Kxcter.

Devonshire has long been associated with the Apple,
and it certainly is not at all lo the credit of the pomolo-
gists of Devonshire that something of this kind has not
been in operation long before. It is a fact that in many
districts Apple orchards are fast disappearing, and those
that do exist present in the inajorily of cases a very
w retched and neglected appearance ; rarely are the trees
lliinncd and pruned, but left entirely to Nature. Trees
covered wiUi lichen arc frequently seen, and, as may be
expected, producuig but little foliage or fruit.

The objects of an exhibition of this kind are to stimu-
late the cultivators of the Apple, lo improve its culture,
to enable them to select the tjest varieties, and to eschew
those that are worthless. The home county held licr
own in the lists, as seen by the awards. Hereford fruit
was remarkable for its cleanliness and fine colour, but
Devonshire vied with them for size, and took the lead in
several classes. Kent was represented by Messrs. Bun-
yard, who staged good fruit but had to give way to the
other two counties.

Pears were not very largely exhibited, the crop being
a very scanty one this year in most parts of the country,
but such as were shown were good. The dish of Pit-
maslon Duchess show by Mr. Garland, gr. to Sir T. D.
Ackland, Killerton, were remarkable for their size, the
six iruit weighing 6 lb. 10 oz. The two largest
weighed 1 lb. 90Z. each ; these were grown on pyramids
on the (^>uince stock. Another dish ol six, shown by the
same exhibitor, of Doyenne du Coniice, weighed 51b. 2 oz.
Ill some of the classes of fruit there was evidently a ten-
dency on the part of the adjudicators lo favour sif:e and
co.irbencjs to uniformity, cleanliness and colour. Con-
spicuous in the class for twelve dessert fruit, the 2d prize
higlily deserved isl honours. 1 he efforts put forth on tliis
occasion being crowned with buch satisfactory results, it
is contemplated to make it an annual thing, wilh every
prospect of continued support. It may here be remarked
that the market place in uhich the exhibition was held
was very nicely decorated with evergreens, flags, i\c.. in
a very effective and tasiy manner. Pl.inls were kindly
lent for decorating the tables by Lady liolham, Messrs.
Luoombe, Pince & Co,, and olliers.

Ai'J'Ll:,s. — Collection of Apples, twenly-hvc dijtiMct
varieties. — Unfortunalcly for Mr. Walkin, Puinuna
Fariu, Hereford, he had staged one dish less than the
required mmiber, and was disqualified; bni his collec-
tion be ng cpiite a great feature of the exhibition, it was
intended to award him an extra prize. Mr. Berwick,
Sidinouth, was awarded ist honours with a splendid
collection also — having Royal Russet, very fine ; Holland-
bury, Alexander Russet, large and good; ll.unbtedon,
Deux Aus, Wallhani Alibey Seedling, Mere do Mcii.ige,
Blenheim Pippin, BiMuty of Kent, Cox's Orange Pippin,
King of ihe Pippins, Court Pcndu Plat, Maniiington's
Pearmai n , Fearn's Pippin , a nd Sykc I louse Russet.
The 2d prize was awarded to ^Ir. Sclater, Hcavi-
irce, with very fine fruit of the following varieties : —
Golden Noble, line golden colour ; Scarlet Pe.irm.iiii,
very handsome ; Golden Pippin, Gravenstcin, \V n.t.r
Warden, Cornish Gillyflower, Blenheim Orange, Dr.
Harvey, an excellent dish ; Court Pendu Plat, very fine,
and shown in first-class condition by same exhibitor in
several other classes ; Norfolk Beefing, fine ; King of
the Pippins, Ross' Nonpareil, and Golden Bdl. 3d.
Messrs. Bunyard & Sou, Maidstone, who had Lord
Derby and Warner's King, very Hue ; also the New
1 lawlhorndeu. Twelve dishes culinary. ~ist, Mr. J.
Ham, Broadclyst, who staged an excellent cullection
comprising such kinds as Dumelow's Scetlliiig, W'-mirr's
King, Tom Putt, fine crimson colour ; Hlcnlieini Pippin,
Hoary Morning, Beauty of Wilts, Merc de Menage,
Sharper's .\pple, Golden Ball, Graveniitein, and Madame

November 8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

599

Clark. 2d, Mr. J. Watkin, who also put up fiuit in
splendid condition, his principal varieties being Lod-
(lington, very fine ; Warner's King, Costard, Catshead,
Hcauly of Kent, Winter Greening, Merc de Menage,
Blenheim Pippin, and others equally line. 3d, Messrs.
Bunyard & Co., whose collection too was very good, and
included a fine and well coloured dish ol Cox's Pomona,
Lady Hcnniker, Beauty of Kent, Mercdc Menage, and
Blenheim Pippin, &e. For the best six dishes. —
ist, Mr. Blackmore, Duryard, Kxctcr : fine dishes of such
varieties as Warner's King, Knot's iStedling, Piinco of
Wales, llanwcll Souring, Hoary Morning, and Alfriston,
were staged by this exhibitor ; 2d, Mr. W. J. Sweetland,
t^outhcrnhay, Exeter, with Brabant Bellefliur, Walthain
Abbey Seedling, Norfolk Beefing, Gravcnstein. Warner's
King, and Uumelow's, all good fruit ; 3d, Mr. Truman
{Countess Weir.^TopsIiam). Twelve dessert, distinct. —
1st, Mr. Selatcr, his best dishcsj being Court I'endu
Plat, Winter Warden, Lord Burghley, Blenheim Pip-
pin, Cox's (_>range Pippin, and Ross' Nonpareil,
jd, Mr. Watkins, Hereford, with a very handsome,
clean, and superb collection. Kach dish was perfect,
his varieties being Adams' Pcarmain. Blenheim Pippin,
not too large, but perfect ; Ross' Nonpareil, Boston
Russet, Ribston Pippin, Cox's Orange— splendid colour ;
Mannington's Pearmain — good ; Duke of Devonshire,
Scarlet Crofton, very dark crimson ; Orange Pearmain,
Fair's Nonpareil, and King of the Pippins. 3d, Mr. J.
Ham, Broadelyst. Six dessert, distinct.— ist, Mr.
Sclater, with Blenheim Pippin, Buffeoat (a Devonshire
Apple), Winter Warden, Court Rendu Plat, Cox's Orange
Pippin, and Cornish Gillyllower ; 2d, Mr. H. Bewick,
who had Sluriiicr Pippin, Winter Pearmain, Royal
Russet, Cox's Orange ; 3d, Mr. W. |. Sweetland. The
3d prize fruit in this class was decidedly better than those
in the tst prize lot, and nearly equal to the 2d. Heaviest
dish.— isl, Mr. R. Dennis, Silverton, with Warner's
King ; 2d, Mrs. C. Smith, Cullompton, also witli the
same kind. Best-flavoured variety. — Mr. J. Watkin,
Hereford, with Ribston Pippin; 2d, Mr. Sclalcr,
with Cox's Orange Pippin. Six dishes, three culi-
nary and three dessert. — ist, Rev. T. Varde, Chud-
Icigh ; 2d, Mr. J. Stevens, Exniinster ; 3d, Captain
Lcvctt, Bovcy Tracey (gr., ^^r. Cndcrdown). Single
dish of Blenheim Pippin. — This brought out a
great number of competitors, Mr. Watkins taldng ist
lionours, with a very fine and beautifully coloured dish ;
id, Mr. Partridge, Tenbury, Wilts. Single dish,
Braddick's Nonpareil. — ist, Mr. ]. Lnstone, gr. to Sir J.
Duckworth, Topsham ; 2d, Mr. G. Pullcn, Exmouth.
Buffeoat, single dish. — ist, Mr. Hainsworth, Crediton ;
2d. Miss Matthews, also of Crediton. Cellini, single
dish. — ist, Messrs. Bunyard & Son ; 2d, Mr. Lang, gr.
to Lord Poltimore, Exeter. Cornish Gillyflower, single
dish.— ist, Mr. Manley, Heavitree ; 2d, Mr. F. Dymond,
Exeter, with a beautiful dish. Cox's Orange Pippin,
single dish. — ist. Miss A. Matthews, Crediton ; 2d,
]. Edgell Searle, Esq., Crediton, who staged a very
liandsome dish of fruit ; Commended, Messrs. Bunyard
tS: Son. Court Rendu Plat. — ist, Mr. Slater, very
fine indeed ; 2d, Mr. B. C. Gidley, Exeter. Gloria
Mundi. — ist, Mr. Sclater, Heavitree ; 2d, Rev. T. Yarde,
Chudleigh, with a very handsome and the best dish.
Gravenstein.- ist, Mr. Garland, excellent dish ; 2d, Mr.
Enstone, good. King of the Pippins.— ist, Messrs.
Bunyard & Son, with a very handsome dish of this well-
known variety ; 2d, Mr. Garland. Red-ribbed Greening. —
ist, Mr. C. Salter, Whimple; 2d, Mr. J. Stevens, Exniinster.
Ribston Pippin. — ist, Messrs. Bunyard, with fine fruit,
but not so clean or with the colour of the 2d prize dish
of Mr. |. Hains. Dumelow's Seedling. — ist, Sir B.
Samuels6n,.M.P.. Broxham ; 2d, Rev. Preb. Ackland,
Broadelyst, One dish, dessert, any sort. — ist, Mr. B. C,
Gidley, with G. Gidley's Pearmain, a nice dish, evidently
a local fruit. One dish, culinary, any sort. — ist. Col.
White-Thomson, with a fine dish of Golden Noble ; 2d,
Mr. J. Cox, Exeter, with Beauty of Wilts.

Peaks — Six varieties. — ist, Mr. Garland with the fine
fiuit of Pitniaston Duchess and Doyenne du Cornice re-
ferred to above, and Josephine de Malincs, Winter
Nelis, very fine Easter Beurre, and Glou Morceau, all in
excellent condition ; 2d, Mr. H. Bewick with Catillac,
Cvedale's St. Germains, Van Mons' Leon Ic Clerc,
Beurre Diel, and Beurre Clairgeau, good fruit.
Three culinary (distinct). — ist, Sir B. Samuelson ; 2d,
P. Edgell Searle, Esq.; 3d,G. B. Carlile, Exeter. Beurre
Diel (single dish). — 1st, Rev. T. Varde; 2d, Mr. G.
Shell, Exeter ; 3d, J. E. Searle, Esq. Beurre Ranee. —
1st, Mr. Gatland ; 2d, Rev. T. Yarde. Cfiaumontel. —
1st, J. E. Searle, Esq. Doyenne du Cornice. — ist, Mr.
Garland ; 2d, Mr. Underdown, gr. to Sir J. Kennaway,
Kscot. Duchesse d'Angouleme. — ist, Rev, T, Yarde,
with a very fine dish ; 2d. Mrs. Manley. Glou Morceau.
— ist. Rev. T. Varde ; 2d, Mr. Garland. Marie Louise.
— ist. Rev. P. Williams, Rewe ; 2d, Rev. T. Yarde.
Pd.sse Colmar. — ist. Rev. T. Yarde. Winter Nelis. —
ist, Mr. Garland ; 2d, }. E. Searle, Esq., both excellent
dishes. Any other sort (dessert). — ist, Mr. J. Smith,
Heavitree, with a fine dish of Louise Bonne of Jersey ;
2d, Mr. ]ame, gr. to Sir \. Walrond, Bradfield. Any
other sort (stewing). — ist, .Sir B. Samuelson, with a very
fine dish of Catillac ; equal 2d, Mr. J. Blyth, Ide, with
Gros Calabasse, and Mr. F. Hussey, Lympstone, with
Uvedale's St. Germains.

Extra Prizes and Miscellaneous.— Messrs. R.
r. Veitch & Son, Exeter, contributed, not for competi-
tion, 120 dishes of distinct varieties, gathered principally
from trees grown in their own uurseries. Messrs. Lucombe,
Pince&Co. , too. staged a large collection, comprising
no dishes, gathered from trees growing in their nur-
series. Messrs. Bunyard iS; Son put up a nice collec-
tion, not for competition ; Cox's Pomona were very fine,
and splendidly coloured ; the same with every dish of

this kind Ihey exhibited. In the various classes they
competed in. Colonel Vaughan was of fine colour ; and
(Juecn Caroline and Warner's King were very good.

National Chrysanthemum. — A most interesling
and very lull meeting of the I'loral Committee was held on
'J'hursilay List week at the "Old Four Swans," Bishops-
gate, at 7 o'clock. Many exhibits were staged, and the
lollowing awards were made :— First-class Certificate to
Mr. Wermig, for Golden sport from Madame Desgrange,
nanietl (.i. Wermig. First-class Certificate to Mr. .SLillivan
for large-llowcred Anemone ClirysaiUhemuui, named Sceur
Dorotfiee Souvillc. Cultural Certificate to Mr. Harmand
Payne for Japanese Chrysanthemum, Franfois DcImux,
First-class Certificate to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons for Sou-
venir dc Japon, as a Japanese decorative variety, and for
W. Robinson as an cxiiibition Japanese variety ; also to
two varieties of tree Carnation, \\z , Mrs. Keen
and Pride o( Penshurst, each first-class varieties.
,'\ special Vote ot Tlianks was accorded to Mr. Ci.
Stevens, of Putney, for his exhibits, and also a First-
class Certificate for single Chrysanthemum White Per-
fection. This variety bids fair to prove a \ery great
ac(|uisition to this class o( Chrysanthenmms. h'irst-
class Certificates were also awarded to Mr. N. Davis,
Camberwcll, for the following varieties ;— Lord Wolseley,
incurved sport from Prince Alfred ; Madame Cabrol,
large Aneiiione variety ; I'.eautO de Jardin, Japanese
variety ; Fernand Fcrrol, Japanese variety ; Madame de
Scvin, Japanese variety ; Nellie Rainford, very pretty
buff sport from the old pompon Rosinante. First-class
Certificate to Mr. Galton, Winchester, for sport of a
rosy-peach colour from Bouquet Fait, a very telling and
useful variety — only wants a good name. First-class
Certificate to Messrs. H. Canned & Sons, for Miss F^ose,
single Chrysanthemum ; and Mrs. Gladstone, a semi-
single variety. The next meetings of the Floral Com-
mittee will be held on November 12 at the Westminster
Aquarium, and again at the " Four Swans " on Nov. 27,
at 7 o'clock in the evening.

Ealing, Acton, and Hanwell Horticultural.—
'llic usual auluiuu exhibition of Chrysanthemums and
other flowers, with fruits and vegetables, was held in the
large and convenient rooms of the Lyric Hall, I'^aling, on
Wednesday hist, and was thus one of the very first of
autunm shows. The arrangement of the show and the
general display was singularly effective and beautiful, and
throughout the day the local residents showed their in-
terest in the exhibition by crowding it to the utmost
capacity of the building. A very interesting and most
attractive feature of these Ealing shows is always found
in the number of miscellaneous exhibits, and amongst
these a word ol special praise is due to the exceedingly
beautiful groups of flowering and foliage plants with
which Mr. Roberts, ot Gunnersbury Park Gardens, had
faced tlie elegant stage from which later in the
day Lady C. Hamilton was to present the
cottagers' prizes. Calanthes, Nerines, Tree Carnations,
Pelargoniums dressed with Ferns, Crotons, &c., made
up very beautiful groups. Mr. Fountain, gr. to Miss
Wood, Hanger Hill, EaHng, staged a bank of Ferns,
Tree Gymnograumas, and Adiantums, faced with various
Selaginellas, that was very fresh and pleasing. Mr.
Smith, gr. to T. Nye, Esq., Ealing, set up two huge
groups of elegant decorative plants, including fine
Dracaenas, Crotons, Ferns, Palms, and other admirably
grown plants well lit up with Chrysanthemums. Mr.
Chadwick, gr. to E, M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill,
Eahng, also arranged on either side of the stage charm-
ing groups of flowering and fohage plants. Mr. J, Hud-
son, gr. to H. j. Atkinson, Est^., Gunnersbury House,
furnished a large number of beautiful foliage plants for
dressing the cut flower tables, and also staged a very
pleasing arrangement for the dinner-table, in which a
richly dressed epergne, surrounded by tiny Ferns and
Palms, stood in finger glasses, and dressed with moss,
gained exceeding admiration. In the epergne, flowers of
Eucharis, Ixias, and the pendent Solanum jasminoides
told wiUi good effect. Mr. Elliott, gr. to J. Moore,
I'.sq., Shelborne Lodge, Ealing, staged a large and
showy group of Chrysanthemums in bloom ; and one of
superb quality, that naturally excited immense admira-
tion, came from Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, having
been sent up by Mr. G. Cannon from their Ealing
nursery. The group merited the highest praise.
Mr. H. Cannell sent from Swanley three boxes
of his beautiful zonal Pelargoniums, including
a fine mass of the pure white Queen of the Belgians,
also some superbly flowered Chinese Primroses. Mr.
H. B. Smith, hhling Dean, sent a number of his excel-
lent Cyclamens, though yet early in the season for these
ehnrming winter flowers. Mr. J. Odell, Willow Nursery,
sent some useful groups of flowering and foliage plants.
And besides a superb lot of cut blooms of Chrysanthe-
mums from Messrs, C. Lee & Son, ot Hammersmith,
there were several boxes of fine blooms set up by Mr.
J. Harman, gr. to F. A. Capps, Esq., Crown Point,
Ealing, who had in fine form F. A. Davis, Madame
Desbreaux, reddish-chestnut ; Duchess of Albany, clear
yellow ; Madaiu Lacroix, clear elegant white ; and one
with an awful name — Triomphe de la Rue de Chatelet,
of bronzy-salmon colour. These were all Japanese
varieties.

Fruit and Vegei.MjLls. — These were most exten-
sively shown, a striking exhibit being eight bunches of
Grapes sent by Mr. Hudson, comprising superb Muscat
of Alexandria, West's St. Peter's, and Black Alicante ;
also some capital dishes of Apples and Pears. Mr. R.
Dean staged a big collection of pedigree Potatos. The
best three bunches of Grapes were Black Ahcantes, and
came from Mr. Wright, gr. to G. P. Greenfield, Esq.,

HanwcU ; Mr. Wildsnfith, gr. to Jas. Heith, Esq ,
Ealing, having the 2d best in good Muscats ; Mr, B.nid
coming 3d, with large but rather loose Alicantes. Mr.
Chadwick had the only lot of six dishes in good kinds ;
and Mr. Gailandbury, gr. to C. B. Bingley, iO^iq.,
Greenford, sent, but not for competition, some
grand Belle .\ngevine and Beurre Uachclicr Pears.
Mr. Chadwick had the best three dishes of dessert
.Apples, and Mr. Wright the best kitchen Apples.
Tiic prizes olTcrcd by ^Icssrs. Sulton & Sons, Read-
ing, for four dishes of Potatos brought inniiense
competition, Mr. Chadwick, coming 1st with good
Cosmopolitan, Duke of .Mbany, Svnprise, and Beauty
of 1 lebron. In another cliss lor three dishes
Mr. Wright was ist, with l^aily Rose, Sehooluiastcr,
and Magnum Bonum. There was a good competition in
the open class for six vegetables, a cottager, Wm. Peasey,
coming ist. One exhibitor, with other capital e.vhibila,
threw over his chance by putting up bad Tomatos.
There were classes for Celery, both for gardeners and
cottagers, the samples being excellent. Parsnips,
Turnips, Onions, Carrots, and single dishes of Potatos
were largely shown, indeed no better display of these,
especially from cottagers, will be seen this autumn, the
quality being first-rate. There was a large competition
in the classes for cooked I*otalos ; the best kidney,
splendidly cooked, was Magnum Bonum, and llic best
round, white and floury, was Vicar of Ijaleham. The
show throughout was a great success, and by far the best,
(or the season, yet held in Ealing.

Chuv-SANTIIEMUMS.- For the best twenty-four cut
blooms, sixteen incurved and eight Japenese, Mr. W. R.
Strong, Wellington College, Berks, Wiis ist, with a fine
even lot ; M. C. Andiguier, Meg Merrilies, and Taran-
tula were his finest Japanese ; and Lord Wolseley,
Golden Empress, and (Jucen of England his best
incurved. Mr. C. Ilerrin, Chalfont Park, Gcrrard's
Cross, Slough, was z^, and but very little behind Mr.
Strong's lot. Baron de iVailly and Oracle being the best
ot the Japanese kinds, and Lord Wolseley, Refulgens
(very fme), and G. Glenny the best of the incurved.
Mr. J. Bceslcy, gr. to .\. Frazer, Eslhoria House, Eal-
ing, was 3d ; and • Mr. R. Wood, gr. to Mrs.
Sanderson, Duke's Avenue, Chiswick, the ^th
— Mr. E. Berry, The Gardens, Rochampton House, Uoc-
hampton, being awarded an extra prize. The quality of
exhibits in this class was exceptionally fine, and the
prizes were closely contested, there being nine stands in
all. For the best twelve blooms of large-flowering
varieties (distinct) six competitors came forward, Mr. J.
Bcesley being ist, with F. A. Davies, White and Yellow
Empress of India, Baron Beust, Lady Hardinge, and
others ; Mr. H. Collyer, gr. to Mrs. Murell, The Elms,
Uxbridge Road, was 2d ; Mr. E. Chadwick, Hanger
Hill Plouse, Ealing, was 3d ; and Mr. E. Smith, gr.
to T. Nye, Esq., Oakville, Castle Hifl, Ealing, 4th.
Seven exhibitors contested for the best six Japanese
blooms. Mr. J. Beesley was again ist with Boulcd'Or,
F. A. Davies, Peter the Great, Mons. Ardene, Hiver
Fleur,*and Comtesse dc Beauregard ; Mr. E. Smith was a
good 2d ; Mr. J. Baird, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq., was
3d ; and Mr. H. Collyer received an extra prize. T'or
the best six blooms, large flowering, seven competed.
—Mr. F. Nilson, gr. to W. Lindell, Esq., Manor
House, Drayton Green, was ist with Nil Desperandum,
Mrs. G. Rundle, White Venus, Mrs Dixon, Geo. Glenny,
and Baron Beust ; Mrs. Tlllyer, Craven House, Ealing,
being 2d ; C. Alie, Esq., i, Eahng Road, .Soudi
Ealing, was 3d ; Mr. J. Sweet, gr. to J. J. Cobby, Es*).,
Castle Bar Lodge, Ealing, was 4lh. In the class lor
three blooms of large flowering varieties, Mr. G. Ful-
ford, gr. to J. Boosey, Est]., Hill House, Acton, was ist
with three fine blooms of Madame Bertier Rendatlcr,
Elaine, and Comte dc Germiny ; Mr. J. Bard was
2d ; NIr. E. Chadwick was 3d, and Mr. J. Bcesley was
jth. Eight competed for the best single bloom of large
flowering varieties: Mr. J. Baird was ist wiUi a fine
white Empress of India ; Mr. G. Fulford 2d, with
Madame B. Rendaller;; Mr. J. Beesley 3d, with Beet-
hoven ; and E. Smith 4th, witli White Empress of India.
The class for twelve bunches of pompons, three in a
bunch, and not less than six varieties, was well contested.
Mr. E. Smith was ist. with a choice lot, including Marie
Steward, Madame Marthe, Marchant, Prince Victor,
and others ; Mr. H. Collyer was 2d, Mr. E. Chadwick
was 3d, and Mr. E. I-ountain 4th. For the best six
bunches Mr. F. Nilson was ist, with Charles Dickens,
President, .Antonius, and others ; Mr. J. Beesley 2d,
Mr. J. Burd was 3d, and Mr. W. Walton, gr. to C. L.
Garl, Esq.. Twyford Abbey, Acton, 4th, For the bcizt
bout|uet of Chrysanthemums, Mr. E. Chadwick, was ist,
Mr. J. Baird 2d, and Mr. W. Slade, Mount Avenue,
Ealing, 3d. For the best specimen plant, [apanese,
Mr. E. Smith was ist, with Fair Maid of Guernsey ; Mr.
E. Chadwick 2d, wiUi John Salter ; and Mr. W. Wright
3d, with Elaine. For the best four plants, large flower-
ing varieties, Mr. Chadwick was ist, with Hivcr Flcur,
Prince of Wales, Adcle Presetta, and IVinee Victor ;
Mr. E. Smith 2d ; Mr. W. Wright was 3d ; and Mr. G.
Elliott, gr. to J. Moore, Esq., Melbourne Lodge, Eal-
ing, was 4th. For the best single specimen plant, large-
flowering variety, Mr. E, Chadwick was ist, wiUi Fair
Maid of Guernsey ; and Mr. G. EUiott was 2d. For the
best four plants of pompons Mr. Chadwick was ist.
For the best specimen pompon Mr. Chadwick jwas 1st.
For the best four Chinese Primroses in pots Mr. J.
Beesley was ist.

The Scottish Horticultural Association.— A
meeting of this Association was held on Tuesday,
Nov. 4— Mr. Hugh Eraser in the chair. Mr. M. Chap-
man, Easter Duddingston Lodge, read a paper on " Her-
baceous Plants and Borders." In selecting from over
6000 species of hardy plants, which might be estimated

6oo

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November S, 18S4.

as about the number now in cultivation, a very fine
collection could easily be got up. In naming a few of
the leading plants that flowered tlirough the course of
the season, before the year was at its close, they had the
Hellebores blooming profusely all spring, Hepaticas,
Orobus vernus, Primulas (many varieties), and many
other species of favourite spring flowering plants. In
the summer months they had the Columbines, Pyre-
thrums, Irises, Ppeonies, Spiraeas, and Campanulas,
or Blue Bells. In the autumn months came the
Delphiniums, Potentillas, Phloxes, and early flower-
ing Chrysanthemums, while the Michaelmas Daisies
made a fine display in October if the weather
was moderate. In the course of a discussion
which followed it was pointed out by Mr. Mac-
kenzie thai while in his opinion the "ribbon border"
had served its day, the herbaceous border became at
times rather shabby looking. He accordingly advocated
an admixture of bedding-out and herbaceous plants. Mr.
Robertson Mimro spoke of the excellent effects which
might be secured by the admixture of herbaceous plants
with clumps of dwarf shrubs. The general opinion of the
speakers seemed to be that the natural over what might
be styled the artificial style of gardening, with its blaze
of colour, waste be preferred. Mr. Chapman, it should
be said exhibited over twenty varieties of herbaceous
plants growing at present in the open air. Dr. Paterson,
Bridge of Allan, sent for exhibition two fruited spikes of
Tritomia Uvaria, over 6 leet in height. Mr. Hugh Fraser
exhibited a curious protuberance, which he had found
growing from the roots of a Taxodium distichum in the
grounds of Mr. Raphael. Castle Hill, Staines, Surrey.
He was aware, he said, from books, that in their
native swamps of Florida such protuberances sent up
from the roots of this tree were common. In size they
were i to i| foot abo\e-ground, and occasionally 2 feet
in breadth. When full-sized they were hollow, and
were made into beehives by the negroes and planters.
The tree in question, which grew on the margin of a
lake, was 65 feet in height, and girthed 9 feet 6 inches
at 4 feet up. The protuberances extended outwards
from 30 to 45 feet from the trunk of tlie tree. The only
UEe which he could think of for such growths was that
Nature intended them as shafts for admitting air to the
root of the tree,

Mr. T. S. Ware, London, exhibited Nerine crispa, N.
filifoiia, and Iris alata. Mr. McKinnon, Kylemore
Gardens, Ireland, exhibited a species of creeping Fig in
fruit. Messrs. Dickson & TurnbuU, nurserymen, Perth,
exhibited a new seedling Apple.

The Chairman, before closing the meeting, alluded in
suitable terms to the death of an old and valued horti-
culturist, Mr. A. Shearer, who had been for about
thirty-eight years gardener to the Marquis of Tweeddale
at Yester. It was agreed that a suitable minute should
be drawn up, and a copy sent to Mr. Shearer's repre-
sentatives.

FRUIT GROWING IN
COLORADO.

Knowing the extent to which your paper circulates
among those who are practically connected with horti-
culture in Great Britain, the following may be interest-
ing as the result of the writer's personal observations.
While California monopolises attention, especially at
a distance, as a great fruit-growing State, very little
has been heard of Colorado, where, however, the
question of successful fruit culture has been solved
within the last few years, entirely owing to the
unflagging perseverance of a mere handful of ardent
gardeners. The writer left England in August, 1883,
and since his arrival in this Slate, now over twelve
months, has had occasion to visit many parts of
it, thus seeing the fruit-growing districts, but the
recent Exposition held in Denver afforded such a
splendid pomological exhibit as to call for special
mention, especially as most of the successful exhi-
bitors were Englishmen or Scotchmen, of whom more
anon.

Be it remembered that Colorado as a State has an
altitude from 5000 to 10,000 feet above sea level, that
it has a torrid summer and a frigid winter, relieved
and moderated only by the extreme dryness of the
air, as this is a comparatively rainless region. The
great mountain chains of the Rockies run north and
south, enclosing within their spurs vast mountain
plateaus called parks, while on the fringe of the
plain, from where the foot-hills rise abruptly, exist
many sheltered nooks of hundreds of acres in extent,
eminently adapted for fruit growing. Twenty-five years
ago Colorado was uninhabited save by Arapahoe and
Ute Indians, but the discovery of gold near Pike's
Peak and in Cherry Creek, and the subsequent deve-
lopment of the vast silver deposits of Leadville,
caused an immense rush of people from all over the
Union and Europe, and as the mining excitement
subsided the population became gradually settled,
towns sprang up, and to supply the needs of the
growing community agriculture and horticulture fol-
lowed in due course. The comparative absence of
rain necessitated artificial irrigation from the never*
failing mountain streams, and in the loose, deep soil

engineering was not difficult. Denver, the capital of
the State, the " Queen City of the Plains," or "The
"Parlour City," has now nearIy,'7o,ooo inhabitants,
the State itself is intersected and opened up by
numerous lines of railroad, populous mining towns
and camps exist throughout the mountains ; hundreds
of miles of irrigating canals have been constructed,
converting hundreds of thousands of acres of Cactus
and Sage brush lands into vast fields of magnificent
crops, while at long intervals extensive orchards are
to be found, planted mostly within the last few years.

Many and various have been the difficulties with
which the pioneer fruit growers have had to contend,
theconditions being so verydifTerent to pastexperience.
Once devastations by grasshoppers in the early years
proved most disastrous, want of knowledge as to the
best method of protecting the young trees from the
biting frosts and piercing winds of the winter re-
sulted in the loss of many valuable plants, and above
all the discouragements experienced in ascertaining
the kinds best adapted for this climate and altitude,
constituted a series of trials which nothing but the
indomitable energy of the Colorado fruit growers
would have overcome. Suffice it to say that patience
and perseverance have surmounted all obstacles, and
by years of experimental work fruit growing here has
been reduced to a science, and the question has been
satisfactorily solved. As nearly half of the successful
competitors at the recent horticultural exhibition at
the Denver State Exhibiton were either Englishmen or
Scotchmen, their cases only will be taken as illus-
trating the capabilities of this State in this direction.

At present the oldest and most successful fruit dis-
trict in Colorado is the neighbourhood of Canon City,
where the River Arkansas emerges on to the plain
from the rocky chasm through which it has flowed for
nearly 50 miles, the walls of which run between 2000
and 3000 feet high, while only from 50 — 100 feet apart
in many places. Situated on the plain under the lee
of the adjacent hills, the location is necessarily some-
what sheltered, and as the result is shown eminently
adapted for fruit culture. Here Mr, Jesse Frazier
commenced fruit growing sixteen years ago at
Florence, near Canon City, to the great amusement
of his neighbours, who regarded the experiment as
simply absurd. He imported his trees from beyond
the Missouri river, 600 miles distant, conveying them
in ox-teams over the plains as the first railroad was
not made until years afterwards. The first three years
after planting he fought grasshoppers, which were
evidently attracted by the green oasis Mr, Frazier
was establishing. Moreover, he lost many trees
by the severity of the winters, which he had
not then learned to provide against. Undaunted,
he replaced his losses by fresh trees, and tried fresh
plans, and the result to-day is that be has an orchard
of 2000 trees, 1000 of which are bearing, while 1000
are two, three, or four years old. Last year he sold
9000 dollars worth of fruit, chiefly among the adjoin-
ing mining camps, his Apple crop alone being 4500
bushels. He makes Apples a speciality and is a great
cider maker. The following list of the Apples he
grows may be interesting to your readers, the speci-
mens on exhibition being especially fine : — Red
Astrachan, Duchess of Oldenburg, Red June, Sweet
Pear, Cole's Quince, Maiden's Blush, Lowell, Kes-
wick Codlin, Summer Pearmain, Cooper's Early
White, Jeffrey's (extra fine), Autumn Strawberry,
Summer Harvest, Early Harvest, Early Rambeau,
Late Rambeau, Fameuse, Rail's Jeannette, Vandevir
Pippin, Bailey's Sweet, Jonathan, Perry Russet,
Golden Russet, Missouri Pippin, Winesop, King of
Tompkins County, Striped Gillyflower, Ladytinger,
Northern Sweet, Sweet Romanite, Large Romanite,
Ben Davis, Benoni, sixteen varieties of Russian
Apple, Waggoner, Walbridge, Huntsman's Favourite,
Yellow Bellefleur, and eleven seedlings, all grown
and fruited in his orchard during the present
season, embracing the best dessert and culinary
varieties. He had also on exhibition seven varieties of
Pears, such as Duchess, Louise Bonne, Steven's Genes-
see, &c., and a similar variety of Crabs. It is needless
to say that Mr, Frazier is the best authority on fruit
growing in Colorado, particularly on Apples, and is
eminently a practical man,

W. C. Galling, also of Canon City, is an English-
man, and has a fine orchard of trees mostly purchased
from Mr. Frazier, He exhibited a number of very
fine fruits, among which were some splendid varieties
of autumn A.pples, and the best plate of Ben Davis.
Mr, and Mrs, Catling recently visited England, but
are so in love with their home under the shadow of

the Rockies, that Mrs. Galling says she would not re-
turn to have all England, John Gravestock, another
Englishman, also settled at Caiion City, is a good
instance of what a man of limited means may do here.
He came to Colorado comparatively poor, and by in-
dustry and enterprise is fast improving his worldly
position. Selecting a nook of about 60 acres at the
foot of the mountains, partially surrounded by high
precipitous cliffs, he at great labour cleared the
ground from loose rocks and boulders, and con-
verted it into ae orchard and vineyard, growing Apples,
Pears, Plum?, Peaches, and also the small fruits,
with great success. He exhibited three varieties of
Grapes, viz., Brighton, Catawba, and Chasselas, the
former being the best in quality grown in this Stale.
He is a professional fruit grower, and is eminently
adapted to be a successful one. He has a iarm in
addition to the land above referred to. George
McRay, also of Caiion City, had eleven varieties of
Grapes on exhibition, consisting of the following : —
Delaware, Agawam, Salem, Concord, Charbonboup,
Sweetwater, Isabella, lona. Duchess, Rebecca, and
one unnamed. He has the finest vineyard in the
State, and will market this season several tons, mostly
of the Concord variety, David Brothers, of Wheat-
ridge, Jefferson County, about 8 miles west of Denver,
is another example of an Englishman who owes his
success in life to his emigration to this country.
He was a farmer in Suffolk, but emigrated to
Michigan, and finding that did not suit he came to
Colorado years ago, and has done well. Though a
farmer by profession he has proved himself to be a
most successful pomologist, and had on exhibition
nineteen varieties of Apples, mostly autumn and
winter, the summer kinds being, of course, out of
season. He has a plantation of about 200Q trees,
the oldest of which are twelve years. Most of his
trees are not yet bearing. Upon his farm he culti-
vates generally all of the small fruits. Plums, Pears,
&c., and has some remarkably fine healthy Apples,
He exhibited also twelve varieties of Grapes, such as
White California, Massasoit, Hartford Prolific, Salem,
Wilder, Concord, Sweetwater, Martha, Delaware, &c.
W. Bush, another Englishman, is a baker in Colorado
Springs, a beautifully situated little town at the foot
of Pike's Peak, the snow-crowned summit of which
rises over 14,000 feet above the sea level, and is
visible loo miles distant on the plain. On the ground
around Mr. Bush's house, in the town, he grows a
variety of fruit, specimens of which, preserved in
alcohol, were on exhibition, and justly entitled him
to several premiums. They comprised Morello
Cherries, Early Richmond Cherries, Red Dutch
Currants, White Currants, Cherry Currants, White*
smith Gooseberries (the largest on exhibition),
Crown Bob, Red Warrington, and Champagne
Gooseberries. So I might go on with other exhi-
bitors, but suffice it to say that English and Scotch
alike have brought with them the national taste and
aptitude for successful gardening.

The Blackberry is greatly cultivated here, and is
most profitable. It would only tax the credulity of
your readers were the writer to state the size and
quantity and market price of this fruit raised within
a few miles of Denver. Alt small fruits do well, and
immense crops of Strawberries are produced in several
localities.

The town of Greeley, nearly 60 miles north
of here, calls for special mention, though briefly.
The site of the town (then a Cactus ■ covered
plain, incapable of producing human food) was
acquired years ago by a colonising company, the
shareholders of which came there to settle, laid out
the town in square blocks, with wide streets at right
angles, built irrigating canals from the adjoining river,
planted avenues of trees which are now 40 or 50 feet
high, and the town is now embosomed in foliage.
Two of the fundamental principles of the colony were
" No sale of intoxicating drink," and 'No fences."
There is not, and never has been, a liquor selling
establishment in the town, and no fences, though
every house is surrounded by its garden. The writer
visited Greeley twice during the summer, and the
eflfect was unique to pass along the footpath by the
side of gardens filled with Currants, Raspberries,
Black-cap Raspberries, Blackberries, Gooseberries,
Melons, Cantelupes, Squash, Vegetable Marrows,
and Tomatos, all ripening in the glorious sun, while
the Vines were literally laden with Grapes — all open
to the public road, yet none are stolen. Everybody
grows fruit, and respects his neighbour's.property, even
the lads abstaining from their usual propensities. The

NOVSMBER 8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

601

ability to turn on water at will is invaluable to success-
ful fruit growirg, and what with the fertility of the
soil and the uninterrupted genial sunshine for months
at a time, fruit is bound to do well.

At the present lime Colorado consumes far more
fruit than she produces, which has to be brought from
Kansas and California, involving heavy railway freight
charges, leaving the Colorado fruit grower a good
margin of profit. The time seems likely to arrive,
however, now that the best methods of protecting the
trees, and the most suitable varieties have been ascer-
tained, when fruit preserving establishments will be
started here, and besides supplying her own require-
ments Colorado may annually ship Urge quantities of
canned fruit or jams or preserves to other localities.
There is one thing certain in any event, viz , that the
mining camps among the stony recesses of the Rockies,
ofien lying from Sooo to 10,000 feet above the sea
level, will be increasingly a permanent market for a
large quantity of the fruit grown in more favourable
lojaliiies and on the plains.

In concluding this article it may be observed that
the Colorado State Horticultural Society has been a
most importantfactor in solving fruitgrowingquestions,
the members being in the habit of holding meetings
and comparing the results of their various experi-
ments, thus materially assisting each other in a most
practical and commendable manner. In this way the
varieties of fruit best adapted for cultivation here
have been ascertained, as well as the best methods of
protection in winter, irrigation, &c., and new-comers
have now at command the results of years of patient
plodding in the face of repealed disappointments and
discouragements. T. Tonge^ Denver^ Colo. ^ October \^^

CITRONS IN MOGADOR.

I.v a report from Mogador it is stated under the
head of Citrons that nearly all the produce comes to
Great Britain, the va'us of which amounted during
ihe past year to £12-^. Of this amount about half
represents the ordinary Citron of commerce, a very
large and thick-rinded fruit, which, generally sent
home in brine, is ultimately converted into " candied
peel." Bat the remaining portion of the sura repre-
sents the relatively much higher value of a very
curious, apparently rare and highly esteemed fruit,
which though sold at so high a rate as an average of
about 32X. per 100, or nearly 41:/. for each fruit,
appears never to be eaten.

The report says "This maybe spoken of as the
sacred or holy Citron of the Jews, which is carried to
their synagogues during the Feast of Tabernacles, it
having an emblematical significance. So highly
prized is this fruit by the fathfu! observers of Israelite
tradition, that specimens without blemish sometimes
fetch as much as ^. in the place of their growth,
while in England it is said on good authority that they
are sold at certain synagogues for the extraordinary
price of / 1 \s. to £z 2s. each. Their use is supposed
to be derived from injunctions contained in the
twenty-third chapter of the Book of Leviticus :
*'And ye shall take you on the first day the
boughs (Hebrew version, fruit) of goodly trees,
branches of Palm trees and Willows of the brook."
But the Jewish version of the same passage reads : —
*' And you shall take to yourselves on the first day
the fruit of the tree Hadar, Palm leaves, boughs of
the tree Aboth and Willows of the brook." These
special fruits, boughs, &.C., are described in a Jewish
book, entitled TAe Festivals of the Lord^ as fruit of
the tree Hadar, or Citron (Hebrew, Troon), the
" Capolh temarim " or Palm-leaves, boughs of the
Aboth or Myrtle, and brook Willows.

The "Troon" or "Tabernacle Citron," as it is
sometimes called, is a fruit rather larger than a Lemon,
pale yellowish-green in colour (being always plucked
before it is fully ripe) and said to contain only one
pip, to be of a very fine nature, and to keep sound
for a very long period. Those which are despatched
hence are carefully packed in cotton wool or other
soft material, as the price which they will realise for
their holy use is entirely dependent on the greater or
less freedom from blemish which the priests can
certify concerning each specimen.

Inquiry as to the exact locality of the production of
these fruits has resulted in fixing it at a place called
Assats or Assat, in the province of Loos, at no great
distance (some say half-a-day, some a day) from the
town of Tarudant, and on or near the bank of the
great Loos river. It is stated with regard to this
interesting place that there is a very ancient Hebrew

graveyard there, and orchards known by the names
of Moses, Aaron, David, &c. ; also that the authority
of the Moorish Government is not respected there.

lewish informants in Mogador have said that these
" Troons " come from no other place but Assats, but
they have been unable to explain how the faithful in
many far distant parts of the world manage to pro-
vide themselves with these necessary emblems, the
shipment of which from Mogador in 1S83 amounted
to no boxes, containing 9024 specimens of this
interesting vegetable production.

OLANTIGH TOWERS.

Travelleks by the line of railway which runs
from Ashford to Canterbury may, when nearing the
small station of Wye, have noticed a dazzling white
spot on the distant hillside to the right, in the form
of an irregular diamond. This is the orifice of a very
large chalk pit, and at the distance of a mile, more
or less, from this spot, concealed by its surrounding
woods, is Olantigh Towers, the Kentish lesidence of
f. S. W. S. E. Drax, Esq. This gentleman may be
considered as somewhat of a pluralist as regards the
possession of domains, as, in addition to his seat of
Olantigh Towers, in Kent, he is the possessor of
several others, such as the magnificent residences of
Holnest House and Charborough Park, in Dorset-
shire, Ellerton Abbey in Yorkshire, &c.

Olantigh Towers is a very large building, origin-
ally in the Elizabethan style, but it has from time to
time had considerable additions made to it, and in
the making of these additions no particular style of
architecture appears to have been adhered to, and
the mansion now covers a very large portion of
ground, or not less than 90 by 45 yards. These
extensive additions are mostly in the form of gal-
leries and corridors, being required for the accommo-
dation of a very extensive and valuable collection of
paintings, classic statuary, ancient armour, and other
objects of vertu, justly considered as forming one of
the finest and most valuable private collections in this
country. The estate comprises some 4000 acres of
fertile land upon the chalk formation. The park is
200 acres in extent, the surface finely undulated, and
the soil good, consequently park trees of all kinds
succeed admirably, particularly the Oak and the
Beech, of which there are many fine examples. The
mansion is sheltered on the north and west by its
lofty woods, while in other directions fine views are
obtained of the fertile hill-sides and rich Hop-gardens
of Kent. The principal entrance to the pleasure
grounds, which are some 50 acres in extent, is from
the old Canterbury road on the south, and the
mansion is approached by a broad carriage road, on
each side of which is a line of very large and fine
standard Portugal Laurels with strong straight stems
4 feet in height, and between each pair of trees is a
pedestal some 3 feet high, surmounted by an orna-
mental vase or marble bust ; and as the visitor
approaches the mansion he may be somewhat startled
by the unexpected appearance of groups of statuary,
which present themselves on each hand. These
statues are in bronze and in marble, but chiefly of the
latter material, and they are placed in effective situa-
tions upon the smooth greensward, which is also
interspersed with fine specimens of the most orna-
mental Conifers, and other evergreen and ornamental
trees. Nor will his surprise be likely to be in any
degree diminished when, on reaching the principal
front of the mansion, he finds himself face to face
with the worthy owner of Olantigh Towers repre-
sented by a figure on horseback, cast in bronze, con-
siderably larger than life. One of the peculiarities
of Olantigh Towers is, however, the numerous
examples of the sculptor's art, which are found dis-
persed throughout the grounds, as well as in its
galleries and corridors.

The grounds are very skilfully planted with the
choicest kinds of ornamental trees and shrubs, nearly
all of which grow admirably, particularly fine being
the Wellingtonias, Abies Piosapo, A. nobilis, and A.
Nordmanniana ; also Cupressus Lawsoniana in its
numerous varieties, Thuia gigantea, Cedrus Deodara,
and Cedrus atlantica ; but the Cedar of Lebanon and
the common Spruce Fir are, however, exceptions in
this respect, neither of them growing well.

The entrance front of the mansion faces the east,
or nearly so ; while on the south the ground rises
considerably from the mansion, and on the face of the
sloping ground a very pretty geometrical flower
garden has been laid out on the turf, the beds of

which at the time of our visit were gay with the
flowers of the choicest kinds of bedding plants. la
this pretty garden are three elegant bronze fountains,
the largest being placed in the centre, with a basin
40 yards in circumference, while on the right and on
the left, at a less distance from the mansion, is a foun-
tain of lesser dimensions. Parallel to the south front
of the building, on the high ground at the southern
extremity of this garden, is a broad terrace with
balustrades and vases, &c. This is reached by broad
flights of steps, which being unfortunately formed of
artificial stone, have in some parts suffered from the
effects of the weather. Some beautiful statues are
placed in and around this garden, such as a bronze
figure of Mercury, another representing Eve at the
fountain. Hero and Leander in marble, and several
other mythological suhjectF.

The French fountain, which at one lime it was sup-
posed would become the property of the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, and "which attracted much interest
at the International Exhibition in London in 1862, is
placed on the east side of the mansion, occupying a site
between it and the beautiful lake. This fountain was
purchased for a large sum of money by the owner of
Olantigh Towers, and was erected by him where it
now is. In order to give an idea of the size of this
splendid fountain, it may be staled that the basin
which surrounds it is upwards of So yards in circum-
ference. The lake may be said to be one of the best
features of Olantigh. It is fed by water flowing from
the River Stour, into which stream it again pours at a
point near to the southern extremity of the grounds.
It was formed with much taste assuming in some parts,
the appearance of a river. It is about 5 acres in ex-
tent, and in its widest part has an island of half an
acre, forming a suitable rendezvous and home for the
black swan?, and the many other kinds of water-fowl,
with which the lake is stocked. The island is
pleasingly planted with evergreen shrubs, such as
Yews, Hollies, and the various kinds of Berberry.

At some distance from its northern extremity,
where its width is somewhat contracted, the lake is
spanned by a pretty suspension bridge. A similarly
constructed bridge crosses near to where it debouches
into the Stour. Oa crossing the lake by the first-
mentioned bridge the visitor finds himself in what is
known as the American garden, a secluded but
attractive spot. Some of the choicer Rhododendrons
and other shrubs requiring a peat soil did not grow so
well as was des'.red, and have been effectively replaced
by other flowering subjects, among which the Mahonia
Aquifolium and other species of the Berberry are
conspicuous by their beauty when in bloom.

The vegetable garden is about half a mile from the
mansion, occupying an elevated position in the park,
but at tlie same time being concealed by a plantation
ol trees. It measures, with its outside slips or bor-
ders, about 4 acres in extent. Its form is somewhat
singular, that of a circle, being surrounded by a sub-
stantial brick wall 12 feet high, and although evidently
built a long time is still in good preservation ; and
fruit trees of all kinds trained to it are in a healthy
and fruitful condition. The soil of the garden is of
good quality, consequently all kinds of culinary vege-
tables are successfully cultivated. The glass struc-
tures are somewhat old-fashioned and are not numer-
ous, consisting of small vineries', Peach-house, Melon
and Cucumber pits, with small plant-houses, &c.,
plant growing upon an extensive scale not being an
object here further than furnishing what is required
for decorative purposes, such as supplying plants for
the large number of vases and flower-beds ; and the
fruit-houses, though old, continue to furnish excellent
crops of Grapes, &c. Mr. John Grieve has for many
years been the resident manager of this estate, as well
as of the gardens and pleasure grounds, all of which
bear witness to his industry and good management.
P. G.

FRUIT NOTES.

Apples at the E.xeter Apple and Pear
Exhibition. — A few notes taken at this exhibition,
indicating those that took a leading position in the
various collections, and that appeared most frequently
in them, may be interesting to some of your readers.
Blenheim Pippin, as would be expected, was con-
spicuous everywhere in the dessert and culinary
classes, and may be classed among Apples the same
as the Gloire de Dijon Rose among Roses for its
general uses. Gravenstein, a popular Apple in Devon-
shire, was also to the front, being of the first size and
peculiar oblong shape, an excellent Apple ; in use
during October, November, and December, Gloria
Mundi, also of large size ; Warner's King, which was
awarded 1st prize for weight, being unusually fine;
Golden Noble, one of the very best of Apples, a
great bearer, handsome, and one that fetches a good
price in the market, and should be extensively planted ;

602

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884.

may be kept good till February, Brabant Bellefleur,
large, handsome, keeps several months after Christ-
mas ; Dumelow's Seedling, a well-known prolific
variety ; keeps well to March. Hoary Morning,
when well coloured, very distinct by broad streaks
of crimson, first size ; use from October to December.
Alfriston, very large, a great bearer ; Mere de Menage,
generally a fine colour, of very large size, but on this
occasion every dish in the show was very defi-
cient in colour. Emperor Alexander was shown
well by several exhibitors. Among newer varieties
put up in good condition may be mentioned Lord
Derby, very large ; Peasgood's Nonsuch, very
fine, perfect outline; Loddington, or Sione's, very
large ; Lady Henniker was staged by several,
but was not so fine as generally seen. Holland-
bury, another very fine Apple, usually so very hand-
some, was deficient in colour. For very late culinary
Apples, Winter Majetin and Norfolk Beefing, both
good bearers, may be recommended ; they will each
keep until Apples are fit for use the following season.
Dessert fruits were represented by Fearn's Pippin ;
fruit ; Cox's Orange Pippin, well known ; Ribslon,
Adam's Pearmain, a very handsome dessert Apple for
late use ; Cornish Gillyflower, which ranks as one of
the best tlavoured ; King of the Pippins, a sure bearer
and one of the best ; Mannington's Pearmain, remains
in use a long time ; Braddick's Nonpareil, an excel-
lent fruit for late use ; Court Pendu Plat, a great
bearer, late. An Apple called the BufTCoat, and for
which a class was made, is said to be useful either for
dessert or culinary purposes, scarcely deserved the
place accorded to it. Some local authorities that
grow it said that it had no special merit for either use.
It certainly was not very handsome, perhaps the most
unhandsome dish in the whole exhibition. D. C.

Pear, Casteline. — A top-shaped fruit, of medium
size, with a short stalk set obliquely and a flat eye.
The skin tawny speckled, the flesh yellowish, juicy,
with a special aroma. Season, December to March.
This pear is very highly esteemed in Belgium though
less so here, It is figured in the last number of the
Bulletin (T Arboriculture.

Apple, Bramley's Seedling.— One of the only
two varieties selected for Certificates at the Apple
Congress. The fruit is of medium size, oblate, wiih a
very short stalk set in a deep basin, skin yellowish,
flushed and spotted with red. The eye is sunk in a
cavity bounded by five short rounded knobs, the calyx
tube funnel-shaped, stamens medium. Flesh yellowish,
brisk acid, cells round, open. A kitchen Apple of
great excellence, keeping for many months. It is
well figured in the Octobev number of the Florist and
Pomologist,

©iJttuars.

We regret to have to announce the death, on the
31st October, at Brooklynn, Dollar, N.B., of Mr.
Alexander Shearer, landscape gardener, in the
sixty-ninth year of his age. He began his gardening
career at an early age in the Lothiaos, and after several
years' experience in good gardens in Scotland and the
neighbourhood of London, was appointed in 1S40 by
the then Marquis of Tweeddale to be his gardener at
Yester, in Haddingtonshire. Here he faithfully
served three successive employers for nearly 40 years,
and distinguished himself as a first-rate all-round
gardener, and an enthusiastic supporter of everything
that tended to advance gardening and gardening in-
terests. Gifted with a taste for science and the
investigation of the laws of Nature, he acquired a
knowledge of chemistry and its practical application
to the cultivation of the soil. He look an active part
in the direction and carrying out the various schemes
promoted by George, eighth Marquis of Tweeddale,
for improving the cultivation of land, by drainage,
subsoilirg, and the use of the steam-plough ; and
especially the system known as the Vester Deep Land
Cultivation, which attained considerable repute about
a quarter of a century ago. Draining, road-making,
and other extensive estate improvements were carried
out by him with great ability, and along with the
gardens at Yesler, which he converted from almost a
wilderness tooneofthebestand most interesting gardens
in the Lothians, remain a lasting monumentto his skill
and energy. An enthusiastic volunteer, and acrack shot,
he was for many years a prominent member of the Gif-
ford company of the Haddingtonshire Ki ties ; and in all

local alifairs he was ever ready to bear a willing hand
to help forward whatever tended to increase the hap-
piness and promote the intelligence of the people.
He was a frequent contributor to the gardening papers
upon topics of much interest, and almost from the
commencement of the Gardeners' Chronicle his com-
munications are to be found in its pages. The circu-
lation of hot-water, and its proper application to the
heating of horticultural structures; boilers, boiler
heating, and the economy of fuel ; the aeration and
composition of Vine borders, and the formation of
fruit tree borders, are some of the important subjec's
that from time to time received his attention, and
were discussed with acumen and sound practical
intelligence. Since leaving Vester (about five years
ago) he has followed successfully the profession of a
landscape gardener at Edinburgh. He leaves a widow
and an only daughter, married to a Tea planter in
India, to mourn his loss ; and as an honest, true-
hearted man he will be much missed among a wide
circle of friends at home and abroad.

'Un \

tr.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHE ATM, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, November 5, i88j.

JS.'^'S

Temperature of
THE Air.

Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions

from

Glaisher's

Tables oth

Edition

Si

o 2 ]

a ^ ■

Oct. 111. 1 In. I

30.09 +03657.5

Nov.

29.91 -fo 1653 0^4 o

9.0 49 6

29.75 — 00160.044 o' 16.0.51.6

29-93 |-l-o.i6,49 o37.oli2.0|42 3

2970 —0,08:55 o

29.76 .

-003 59-5

Meanj 29.89 +013555

19.048.2

42.613.9:49.5

+ 3-= 43 5;
+ 46J46.5
+ 3-4 47-3|
+ 5-646-8
3.5 36 8
+ 2.6|43.6

+ 35 44.6 84

93

''I's.slw.

,„/ E.NE ;
'°l W NW.
..lE.S E ;
°»I.,W. ,SW.
,.) S.W. :
''1 VV.SW.

In.
o.oa
o.co

0.00

0.26

I
10.00

ja.oo

i

lo.oo

lo 26

Nov,

Oct. 30.— Fine brieht morning, dull afternoon and night.
3r. — Dull morning, very fine afternoon and night.
-Dull day and night.

-Fine ; duU day and night ; heavy rain from 3 i.M.
to 10 P.M.
3 —Fine day and nieht.

4. — Dense fog in early morniog. Fine day and night.
5. — Fiue blight day and night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November I, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 29,88 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.55 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 26th, increased to 29.92 inches by 3 p.m.
on the 27ih, decreased to 29 57 inches by 9 a.m.
on ihe 2Sth, increased to 30.26 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 30th, decreased to 30.24 inches by 3 p.m. on
the same day, increased to 30.30 inches by 9 A.M.
on the 31st, and was 30.02 inches by the end of the
week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 29. 98 inches, being 0.17 inch lower than last
week, and 0.06 inch higher than the average of the
week.

Temperature.. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 60', on the 2Sih, the highest
on the 29ih was 5I^2. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 54**- 7-

The lowest temperature was 35", on the 29th ; on
the 31st the lowest temperature was 46". The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 4i°.8.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
17°, on the 28th ; the smallest range was 9", on
November i. The mean of the seven daily ranges
was 1 2°. 9.

The mean temperatures were — on October 26,
48°. 3 ; on the 27ih, 47" ; on the 2Sth, 50", 7 ; on the
29th, 43^2 ; on the 30ih, 49". 5 ; on the 3i^t, 51° ;
and on November i, 49.6 ; and these were all above
their averages, excepting the 29 h, which was 3'' 4
below, by ^^I, o°.i, 4°, 3", 4", 6, and 3°. 4 respec-
tively.

The mean temperature of the week was 48°. 5,
being 1°. i higher than last week, and l^.S above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened l)ulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun

was 107', on October 31. The mean of the seven
readings was 95''. i.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 26^.5, on the 29th.
The mean of the seven readings was 32". 6.

Kazn, — Rain fell on three days, lo the amount of
0.29 inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
November i, the highest temperatures were 61°. 7 at
Cambridge, 6i*.5 at Liverpool, 6i° at Truro, Leeds,
and Sunderland ; the highest at Wolverhampton was
57°. 6, at Bradford 58% and at Nottingham 5S\l.
The general mean was 59^- 7.

The lowest temperatures were 30°. 9 at Wolver*
hampton. 32* at Truro, and 32^.4 at Cambridge ; the
lowest at Liverpool was 41*, at Preston 39", at
Brighton 37\S. The general mean was 35'.

The greatest ranges were 29^.3 at Cambridge,
29° at Tiuro, 26^7 al Wolverhampton ; the smallest
ranges were 20'. 5 at Liverpool, 20^.6 at Bradlord,
21° at Preston. Ttje general mean was 24. 2.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 58^7, at Plymouth 57°. 3, at Bristol
55°. 9; and was lowest at Bradford, 51'. 7, at Sheffield
52°. 7, at Wolverhampton 53". 3. Tne general mean
was 54", 6.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Liverpool, 45^5, at Truro 44". 6, at Preston
44^3; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 38°. 4, at
Hull 39°.6, and at Bolton 40". 3. The general mean
was 42" 3.

The mean daily range was greatest at Wolver-
hamplon, I4°.9, at Hull 14". 3, at Cambridge 14°. 2 ;
and was least at Preston, 9M, at Bradford 9°. 2, at
Liverpool 9°. 9. The general mean was 12°. 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro,
5o°-S, at Liverpnol 49°. 6, at Plymouth 49'* 5 ; and
was lowest at Wolvernampton, 45'', at Hud 40^, and
at Bolton 46'^ i. The general mean was 47°. 7.

Rain. — The largest (alls were 1.53 inch at Bnlton,
1. 15 inch at Preston, and 1.13 iuch at Bradford ;
the smallest falls were O-02 inch at Sunderland,
0,10 inch at Brighton and Cambridge. The general
mean fall was 0.54 inch.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November I, the highest temperature was 59". 5,
at Paisley ; at Greenock the highest was 57'. The
general mean was 58". 5.

The lowest temperature in the week was 26^, at
Greenock ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was
36°. 5. The general mean was 32"*.

The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
47''.7, and lowest at Greenock, 44°.!. The general
mean was 45°.8.

Rain. — The largest fall wa<^ 1.93 inch, at Paisley,
and the smallest lall was 0.3S inch, at Leiih. The
general mean fall was 0.S6 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S,

" He that questioncih vtuck shall lea rtt muck." — Bacon.

Ckotons Spotting. — Can any of our correspondents
give us information as to the cause of the spot'^ in Croton
leaves, some of which have been sent lor inspection?
The leaves are spoiled when very young, and fall off.
7he house they are grown in is a span-roof structure,
and they always have the full sun, no shading being then
given them. The tempeiature is kept at 70° by night,
and air is given at 80° hy day. They have been syringed
three times a day to within the last lortnight, and that
has now been reduced to once a day, because it was
thought it had something lo do with the spoiling.

Answers to Correspondents.

Carnation.s : \V. Jackson. An article will appear on
this subject next week.

Corrigenda. — In our impression of last week St.
Audries is credittd with having a value of ^'30 annually
in tlie Doomsday Survey, when it should have been
only _^3 ; and Dunstcr Castle is called Dunslan.

Furze : T. S. No sort of Furze will hold up your
banks. These should be constructed of thick turves,
and made not more than 4 feet high and 2 feet thick.
Sow Furze seeds thinly in a drill 2 inches deep, made
on the top. This is best done in the spring. The
plants must be cut back the second year, lo get Ihem
bushy, and will require annual clippmg, which will
keep them close and thick. 1 he singlt- llowered
variety is indigenous ; the double am be prop^igated
only by cuttings, and is much less common ; u is the
more compact K'ow'*ir. There is a sort nanu'd Ulex
nanus that is yet more dwarf, but it is rare ; it is,
like the double one, a variety of U. europaeus. The
trade will supply you with seed of this sort, but not of
the others, those being only varieties that do not come
true from seed.

Gkai'i:s Withering Away: y. R. Unless you give
nearer data than you have done we cannot give the
reason.

iNVECTS : //. /-. Your Cauliflowers are attacked by

November 8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

603

myriads of a very minute white, four-winged insect
{Aleyrodes Chdidonii), which suck the plants in the
same way as the grey plant hce (Aphis Brassier),
which has this autumn been equally injurious to Cab-
bages, the season having been very favourable for
their production. They may be destroyed by washes
of quassia, soap-suds, lime-water, &c., often repeated,
in the same way as the aphides.

Mignonette : G. Lan^e, There are several varieties
of this in the market, some being very compact when
grown in a certain way. CuUivation has more to do
with the habit of Mignonettes than outsiders seem to
suppose. Vou will titid the names of new kinds in
good seed lists.

MvRTLE Diseased : E. T. Two fungi are growing on
the plant, one a Kuniago, the other (on the dead por-
tions) a Fusisporium. The Fuinago may perhaps be
the culprit. Please send additional specimens in a
worse siate.

Names of Fruit : T. Mills. Scarlet Nonpareil —
W. P. I, Beurre Diel ; 2. Easter Beurrt^ ; 3. Annie
Elizabeth. — A'. L. B. i, Sams Crab; 2, Barcelona
Pearmain ; 3, local cider Apple, resembles Hereford-
shire Beefing ; 4, Sam Young ; 5, not known ; 6,
Williams' Bon Chri^tien ; 7, Court of Wick ; 8. Easter
Beurr^. — J. T. Gorty. \, Some wilding variety,
worthless ; 3. Royal kusset ; 4, Gloria Mundi ; 5.
Court Pendu Plat ; 6, Dumelow's Seedling ; 7. Cox's
Orange Pippin.— GV«. hlmhitnt. Hacon's Incom-
parable.— Fomo'.ogist. Not known — a very distinct
soft-fleshed {x\x\\.'— George Busdy. i, Golden Noble;
3, Waltham Abbey Seedling ; 3. Beauty of Kent ; 5,
Cox's Pomona ; 6. Fair Maid ot Kent. — Mr. Salter.
Court of Wick. — W. N. tV. 1, Rosemary Russet;

2, Cellini ; 3, Old Nonpareil ; 4, not recognised ; 5.
Gravenstein.

Names of Plants. — Barnet. Your specimens are loo
imperlect to name ; the following is the best we can
do with them: — i, Gayussacia ursma? ; 4. Gayussacia
dumosa? 6, Cotoneaster baciliaris. — J. W. W.
Your specimen does not agree with the adult forms of
Fraxinus oregana, which has pubescent leaves, and we
fail to name it without flower or fruit. — H. &• Sons.
I, Francoaramosa ; 2, Clethra alnifolia ; 4, Cassandra
calyculata ; 5, Spirsea sorbilolia ; 6, Leucothoe axil-
laris. No number 3. — Monteviot. Anthurium andi-
colum.— IF. Grant/tarn, i, Cattleya aldorado, near
to C. Wallace! ; 2, probably Oncidium cruentum ;

3, Oncidium unguiculatum ; 4, Oncidium aurosum ;
5, Rodriguezia secunda ; 6, Dendrobium barbatulum.
— H. G. Acanthus spinosus. — Jas. WhittoJi, Las-
Irea invisa.

Raspberries : T. Shi?igles. The branches were extra-
ordinarily well laden with fruits, many being quite
ripe, making it a very desirable sort to plant for autumn
use. It is very like Carter's Semper Fidelis, not the
most palatable of Raspberries, which may account for
the non-depredations of the birds. It is good for
cuUnary purposes, and is a most productive variety.

Seedling Apples : 7\ Haydon. Your two seedling
Apples are very handsome and good. No. i very
closely resembles Lord Derby, and No. 2 seems inter-
mediate between Emperor Alexander and CelHni — a
very pretty fruit. Neither, we should say, are sufti-
cienlly distinct to merit introduction as new varieties.
— W. D. Your seedling Apple resembles some forms
of the King of the Pippins. It is much too small to
be of any merit.

Sweet Potato : H. G. Yes, certainly ; the one men"
tioned last week is hardly known, but the old Swee^
Potato (Convolvulus Batatas) has long been known,
and is imported into the markets from the West Indies
in considerable quantities. It requires too much heat
to be grown in this country. Some of the Yams
(Dioscorea; are also loosely called Sweet Potatos, and
some of them are hardy in this country ; but their
cultivation has never gone beyond the experimental
stage.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W

M. Pillenger & Co., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men. Chepstow — Forest Trees, Conifers, Fruit
Trees, Roses, &c

Godwin & Son, Ashbourne, Derbyshire — Forest and
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Roses.

Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Forest Trees, Fruit
Trees, and Roses,

Corrv, Sloper, Fowler & Co., Limited, i3. Fins-
bury Street, London — Trade List of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, and Florists' Sundries.

Communications Rfceivep.— F. M., Glssnevin.— J. D. H.—
H. N. G.— H. G., Ryde.— H.nison Weir.— E. S. Dodwell.
— M. Dunn.— M. r P.— J. Day —Mr. Salter.— W. N. W.—
Scolor'-ndnim.-C. M. Owei..-J. O. W.— A. D. W.— J. F.
_H. W.— H. R., BrusseU.— M 1 B -J. H. Ford. — W. B
Chew.-C B. P.— B. S W.-J. G. B.— J. O'B.-J. R. P.—
T. Carter & Co.-f. Sinder & Co.— J. A. C.-H. W.—
R. D.— R. F.-W. G. S.— E. Bonaria.- R. Y.— R. J. L.-
G. Coularey. — T. C.

MARRIED, on October 30, at the parish church.
Holy Trinity, Clapham Common, by the Rev. R. B. L.
Exton, Robert John Parker, Esq., late of the E.xottc
Nursery, Tooling, to Maria, widow of SAMUEL
Martin, Esq., of Clapham, Surrey.

DIED, on October 25, at Great Missenden, after
twenty-four hours' illness, Donald McVicar, lor the
last ten years head gardener at Missenden Abbey.

llarluts.

COVENT GARDEN, November 6.

Trade quiet, with heavy supplies generally. Kent
Cobs in steady demand. James Webber, Wholesale
Apple Market.

Fruit.— AvHRAGK Wholbsalh Prices.

s.d.

Apples. J^-sJeve .. 16-40
Cobs, per loo lb. .. Ps 0-C7 6
Grapes, per lb. .. 06-40
I.emoDS, per case.
Melons, each

06-40
110-..
16-30

s.d. s.d.
Pine-apples, Eng. ,lb. 30-36
Peaches per doi. .. 8 0-12 o
Peats, Frerch, doz, 16-36
Pines, St. Michael's,
«ach .. ..30-60

VeGSTABLES — AVBRAGS RbTAIL PriCKS.

s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . ..20-40

Beans, French, lb. o 6- ..
Beet, per doz. .. 10-..

Cabbages, per doi. .. 1 6- a o
Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..
CauliHowers, £ng>

hsh, dozen.. .. 10-26
Celery per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each ..06-10
Endive, English, per

dozen . . ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. ...06-..

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Horse Radish, per

bundle .. .,30- 4'jo

Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, ^is. to jos- ; Regents, 70J. to gos.
per ton. Trade very quiet.

s. d. t. d.
Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen .. ,.16-..

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Marrows, each .. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- ..
Mushrooms.p. b.iskt. 10-20
Onions, per buiihcl . . 40- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per ounch.. o 4- ..
Radishes, per dor. .. 16-..
Seakale, per punnet a 6- ..
Small satadiiig, per

punret . . ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 26-.,
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-10
Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

Cut Flowers.—.

AbutiloD. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, la bims. 3
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 2
Carnations, 12 bIms. 1
Chrysanih., 12 bun. 2
— lai'ge, 12 blooms o
Cyc'amen. 12 blooms o
Oahhas, 12 bunches 2
Eucharif^, per diz. .. 3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes .. ..1
Heliotropes, 12 sp. ,. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 2

— red, 12

blooms . . » I

AVERAi

d. s. d.

0-40
0-60
6-20
9- 1 o
0-60
0-20
0-60
6-20
3-06
0-40
0-60
0-60

0-30
0-20

Gtt Wholesale Prices.

*. d. s. d.

Marguerites, la bun. 30-60

Mignonette, la bun. 10-40

Pelargoniums, per la

spiays .. ..09-16

— scarlet, 12 sprays 04-06
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60

— (ouidoor), 12 bun. 6 0-12 o
Stephanoti-, 12 spr. 40-80
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-16
Violets. 12 bun. .. 10-16

— French, bunch.. 10-16

— Parme, Fiench,

per bunch . . . . 3 o- 4 o

Wal flower, (2 bun.. 40-60
White Jasmine, per

buLch . . ..06-10

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

J. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor- vitae (golden),
per dozen ,. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. g 0-18 o
Chrysanth., doien .. 40-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracoena terminalis.

per doien .. ..30 0-60 o

— vindis. per doz..i2 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

s. d. s. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..3 0-10 o

Fuchsias, per doz. . . 30-60

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz, .. 6 0-12 o

Palms ia variety,

each .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, cer dozen .. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen .. ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o

SEEDS.

Wednesday: November^. — The seed market to-day
was quiet and featureless. Choice samples of new
English Red Clover seed find buyers at the low prices
now ruling ; but inferior parcels are diflficuU to sell.
Alsike and white Clover keep steady ; no attention is
devo'ed to Trefoil. The inquiry for Grass seeds continues
small. There is no variation in blue Peas and Haricot
Beans. Feeding Linseed is quiet. 'yoh}i Shaw 6*
Sons^ Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C,

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that sup-
plies were large and trade exceedingly dull, with a very
drooping tendency in the price of hay. Quotations : —
Clover, first quality, 95J. to io8r. ; inferior, 60s. to 75J. ;
prime second cut, 90J. to loZs. ; hay, first quality, Zos.
to 905. ; inferior, 40J. to 65^. ; and straw, 28J. to 35^.
per load. — On Thursday there was a large supply, and
trade was dull on account of the weather. Prices were
unaltered.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that the demand continue? good for best sorts, but very
dull for inferior. Quotations : — Kent Regents, yos. to
8of. ; ditto kidneys, 601. to jos. ; Essex Shaws, $qs.
to 60s. ; Victorias, yor. to Zos. ; Magnum Bonums, 50J. ;
to Zos. ; and Champions, 50^. to 6oj. per ton. — The im-
ports into London last week consisted of 76 bags from
Harlingen, 99 Delfzyl, 231 bags 36 baskets Rotterdam,
and 802 bags from Antwerp.

COALS.

The prices of coals in the market during the past
week were as follows :— East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Walls
End — Tyne (unscreened), lis. ^d. ; Hetton, jZs. 6d. ;
Helton Lyons, 16s. 6d.; East Hartlepool, 17s. 3*/. ;
South Hartlepool, lOs. 3d. ; Hulam, i6s. -^d.

DR. SMILES'S WORKS.

MEN OF INVENTION

AND INDVSTRY. Post %vo. f,s.
IJust Published.

LIFE OF A SCOTCH

NATURALIST. New Edition. Porliait
and Illustrations. Post %vo. 6f.

DUTY: with Illustrations of
Courage, Patience, and Endurance. Post
&V0. 6s.

SELF-HELP : zuith Illustrations
0/ Conduct and Perseverance. Postivo. 6s.

CHARACTER: a Book of Noble

Characteristics. Post %vo. 6s.

THRIFT: a Book of Domestic

Counsel. Post Zvo. 6s.

*' During the la^t 20 years Dr. Smiles has made almost
his own a part of the literary arena which touches most
closely upon our social conditions and the lessons that are
needed for our everyday life. The manner and the
matter of his books aie alike admirable ; but great as their
literary merit is, the services they have rendered to sound
morality ate still more \m^\yTKs.xA"~Qttaytetly RtvUw

INDUSTRIAL B I O-

GRAPHY : Iron Workers and Tool
Makers. Post Zvo. ds.

" Mr. Smiles has hit upon a rich vein of ore, and works
it with great success. He lias the art of biography, which is
by no means easy of attainment. He is not only a skiKul
workman but has chosen a new field of work. These
memoirs contain much original information, expressed
with great clearness, and with a practised skill which
tenders the reader secure of entertainment in every
page." — Times.

LIVES OF THE ENGI-
NEERS. Ilhistraled by 9 Steel Portraits
and 342 Eng7'avin^s on Wood, 5 vols.
Crown %vo, "js. 6d. each.

" We cannot but refer to the captivating and instructive
volumes which Mr. Smiles has devoted to the * Lives of
the Engineer.-*,' a record not before attempted of the
achievements of a r;«cc of men who have conferred the
highest honour and the most extensive benefits on their
country." — Edifiburgh Revic^f.

LIFE OF GEORGE

STEPHENSON ; Including a Memoir
of his Son, Robert Stephenson. Large Svo
Edition {illustrated), i\s. Crown %vo
Edition {illustrated), 7s. 6d. Centenary
Edition {with Portrait), 7.S. 6d.

" We have read this book with unmingled satisfaction.
We hardly ever remember to have lead a biography so
thoroughly unaffected. . . . It is an artle--s attempt
to set out the character and career ot one of the most
ingenious, honest, resulule, homely, and kind hearted of
human beings. We thank Mr. Smiles for having made
the man walk before us in a most life like picture. The
entire style of the work is unambitious, lucid, thoroughly
manly, and good."'- Saiitrday Reviezv.

THE HUGUENOTS : Their

Settlements, Churches, and Industries in
England and Ireland. Crown Zvo. Ts. 6d.

"The cunning of Mr. Smiles's hand never fnils him.
He has chosen the prosaic side of Huguenot histoiy and
made it as fascinating as a romance. He has pursued
his investigations with a laborious minuteness worthy of
the Statistical Society and of the Heralds' College ; and
yet it is as impossible to .skip a page as in reading his
' Life of Stephenson." "—British Quarterly Revuw.

ROBERT DICK : Baker of

Thurso, Geohgist and Botanist. With
Portrait etched by Rajon, attd numerotts
Illustrations. Crown %vo. \ 2S.

"Men of Dick's t\pe are rare ; their example is too
precious to be lost; but they are themselves the last to
recognise their own value. His moito and his watch-
words, in the energy of his younger labour, as in his re-
fu al to yield to (he pre=.sure of his later troubles, were
ever. Work, Devotion, High Endeavour— in a word that
Sel'-hetp which is the foundation of all help to others."
— Quarterly Review.

JAMES N AS MYTH,

ENGINEER : an Autobiography (Edited
by S. Smi/es). With Portrait etched by Pa-
jon, and go Illustrations. Crown Svo. t6s.

"The whole range of literary biography may be
searched in vain for a more interesting record of an active,
useful, successful, and happy life, than is presentfd by
the delightful autobiography of James Nasroyth. —
Edtnhui-gh Review.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Str33

6o4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOXEMEER S, l8

12-oz. Sample Packets, free ti7 post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchitis,
Store PlaiiU.&c.,j(;66j.perTni(J(. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhodotlentlroiis, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15*.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 51. : 5 Bags, 22J, dd. ; 10 Bags,
451. Baes included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 101. bd. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, iis. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnhorough Station, Hants.

ORCHID PEAT, pure Bracken Fibre.
{No Dealers supplied )
Mr. EPP3 informs his ftiends he is now enabled to execute
ail orders for this ailicle satisfactonly.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,
2j. td. per sack ; 30 ditto, zf. g</. ; ao ditto, 3* €d ;

5 diitc, 4J. dd. : sacks bd. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards,
lis per yard. For Khododendront and common purposes, 14^.
per ron, Dot less than 4 tons ; sample sick, ar. bd.

LOAM. SAND, CHARCOAL. SPHAGNUM. &C.
See Special List, also for the Trade.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is., 2s. 6d., and lOs. 6d. each; also in
Sealed Bags, l cwt., 133.

MANUFACTURED CV

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents In London : Corry, Soper, Fowler

6 Co., Limited. 18, Fiusbury Street, E.C, and Shad Thames,
Loudon, S.lt. buoplies can be obtained through all respectable
Seedsmen and Florists in the Kingdom.

Pure Crushed Ual'oihd BONES, any size, /or Vine Borders.

^■""^""■^ GARDEN

REQUISITES.

Two Prizg Medals.

Quaiity, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included).

PKAT, best brown fibrous . - 4.1 6c/. per sack ; 5 sacks for i^s.

PEAT, best black fibrcui .. ■^s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 155.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid $s. od. „

LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ~|

PREPARED COMPOST.best I , v . t. # i, • i j j\

LEAF MOULD, best only .. f"' P" ^"^*^ ^^^^^^ included).

PEAT MOULD ,. ..J

SILVKR SAND, coarse, is. ^d. per bush., 12s. half ton, asj.ton

KAFFIA FIBRt. best only Sd. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . 8d. lb., 28 lb. i8.f.

TOBACCO PAPKK ,. (Speciality) 8d. lb., 28 lb. i8i.

MQ-^HROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected sj. per bush., 6j. per sack.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sack^, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gs. ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; ao sacks, 171. ;
30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
^acks only, ss. each. Terms, strictly Cabh with order,

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIL, LONDOK, E.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, wifk full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GAKSTON, LIVERPOOL.

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded Diploma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh,— Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER. FOWLER and CO.. Finsbury Street. London. E.G.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, i*. yi. per
sack ; 10 for 125., 15 for tyj,, 30 for 30;. ; all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, jx. per
sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. Black Fibrous Peat, 4J. td. per sack : 5 for
30S.: sacks 4<^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, if. dd. per bushel,
asj. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at is. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, bs. per sack. Garden Slicks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &c Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
Srf. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb.. 231b. 2if. Shndiitg materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. -W. HERBERT AND CO.. Thb Hop Exchange
Warkhouses, Suuthwark Strkkt, London, S.E.. late

10. New Broad Street. F,.C.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water : 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, ir., 3^., and lor. td.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, td. and u. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY

(Limited), London.

/^ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,

VJ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic

Work, Manures. &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames Si., London, K.C

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
S M I T H'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

- The above Labels are made of a While Metal, with raised
black-faced letters.

The Gardeners" ATagnzim says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
L SMITH, The Roval Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

Patent Horizontal Tubular BoUers A 1

Have been giving unqual fied satisfaction mote than a years.

'I hjusands in successful u^e.

Possp^s ihe greatest area of heating furface.

Will heat a greater length of pipe with leas fuel than any other

boiler of same s'jc.
Require a shallow stokehole.

Have no joints at the endiof the tubes as in other tubular boilers.
Will last longer than any oiher boiler

The following Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for
Itseif:-

" T/u- GaTdens, West Ashby, Horncasile, Oct. ii, 1S84.

" Dear Sir?,— We hive got the boiler fixed (a Horiionial
Tubulas A i Patent Dennis Boiler) ar.d well tried. I am very
pleaded with ir, both in its working and stoking. It makes the
pipes so hot that we cannot bear our hands on them, although
the arrangement of the pipes is very complicated. I never
charged it yet more ihan half full of coke We have another
range of hsuses heated with a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and tl it wantsanythirgdoing to it I will have it replaced
by one of yours. — I am, yours truly (signed) Geo. Mijrrav."
New, Revised^ and Reduced PRICE LIST.just publuJied,
post-free on app.icalion.

CROMPTON and FAWKES (formerly T. H. P. Dennis &
Co.^, Healing Engineers and ManufacturerF, Anchor Works,
Chelmsford (London Office : Mansion House Huildings).

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

BOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about li/.,
without attention. ForGreenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

THE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy c f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we

Price of Boiler
Heat of 3nd*setof
■in. Pipe. Fittings.
150 feet £,s

6 15

8 5

9 10
10 IS
12 5

15 10

17 s

ig lo

33 10

ate acquainted.

Long.

A, 19 in.

B, 22 in. 300

C, 34 in. 400

D, 26 in. 500

E, 28 in. 600

F, 32 in. 700

G, 36 in. 850
Ti^ H, 42 in. 1000

I, 48 in. 1250
I. 34 in. i6<.o
K, 60 in. 2000

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience :—" It is a wonderful
Boiler. Itisthebestfor keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anvlhing." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a gre:»t number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to ico feet of pipe.

Ai

doors,
6 feet

WONDER.

wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside ihe gl»s<. It can I r 1 '

be applied almost everywhere, li will keep in I L^

all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, sofeet size, ;{|4 15 : loofeet size. ;^5 15J.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.

LANKESTER & SONS,
Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

Wc send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

for Heating from 50 to ico feet of pipe. .

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front, - r^^wj

ors, fire bars and dead plate complete, aid '^4,-^1

;et of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE ?^7:^A,

ONDER." It is fixed in the end or side y;1a ,^-. '

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey WorUa, Blackfrlars Road, London, SB.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTEXTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinaiy Cast-iron
GRATE UARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS.

Wiih WATERWAY UACKS and WELDED BOILERS,

which are Specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Cun^er-

valories, Churches, Chapels, Schools. Public Buildings, Entrance

H^lls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c.

They are ihe neatest, cheapest, moit effective, and durab 'e

o/any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable f.^r their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of lime the fire wilt
burn wilhout requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

A-tUirdcd to it at the Royal Hnrticultural Society's Exhibit i h,
South Kcn-Jn^ton^ London, on June 3 i33 1.

FRONT eLCV."i7lai

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says : —
" Heating Apparatus ^A great number of boilers, valves,
&c , were exhibited by ci>:ht competitors, and considerable in-
terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of thediflerent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Garden of June 11 says ; —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption
of fuel."

Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from i,d. to is. td. per gallon.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

Tb« Best

and Quickest

Uads.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4^. ^d. each

4-in. Soclcet Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. W. each.

Price List ox application.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers —
BLAKE & MACKENZIE. SCHOOL LAME, LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S
WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHER.
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial, Flower,
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
Address : School Lane. Liverpool.

Joint."

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in loo and 3oo feet boxes,
3ds ar.d 4lhs qualities, always kept in stork.

A large stock of similar current sizes ot 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscell.\neoui
Glass Article.-!, can be obtained from

GEOBQE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,

34, St. John's Street, West Smlthtteld, London, E.
Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle,

November S, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

605

& CO.

£.\'C/iVE!;,';s,
WESTMINSTER,

J. BRUNBLL

HORTICULTURAL
10, GKEAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,
and LODGHBOKOUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and Iron.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL EOW, LONDON, E.C.

Heating Appariitus.

CATALOGUE,
-I'ilh Friers. Poit-frti.

RICHARDSONS

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK. Iree ot
charge, and send competent n&sistants when nece-isary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK maierial in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Pouliry. Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY

REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.

HORTICULTURAL

1st Prize

23edal9,
South Kensington,
Manciiester, &;c.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON.

BUILDINGS

Fixed va, any part of ihe

Kingdom with Hot-watei

Adopted by His Royal Highness the Piince of Wales.

Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.

Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Cuvhrhd.

Flans and Estimates free of charge from

T. W. HELLIWELL,

Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and

8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.

Our GREENHOUSES are erected in every part of the Kingdom.
BEST DESIGNS. First-quality Materials. CHEAPEST PRICES.

CHFAPEST BUILDERS of GKFENHOUSES in the Kingdom. Send for Estimates.

CATALOGUES and LISTS post-free on application.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER,

Vineries, Stoves, Greerbouaes, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection df growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,

aud that THK VF.RV BEST.

ConflervatOrlee and Winter Gardens d?sieneJ architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest 10 thp large-t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes. Hotbed Boses, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Eitunalei a*ui Catahgtus /ree. Customers waited on in any part 0/ tlu Kingdom^
Our Maxim is and always has been —

U ODEKATE CHAROES. FIBST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

BOULTON & PAUL,

NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS.

Conservatories, Orchid Houses, iSo.
Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi-
tion or requirements, with curved or straight
glass as required.

Vineries, Greenhouses, &c.
With all the latest improvements, best materials,
ventilation without draughts, and perfect

glazing.

Estimates and Lists post-free.

Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the
kingdom. References to every county in
England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates
prepared for any description of Horticultural
Building. Hothouses of any design estimated
for, and built of the best material and workman-
ship, with strict regard to economy in price.
New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps.

Cucumber Frames.

RH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to
'•_ draw special attenlion to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England ;— £, s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) d i ■ f ^ lo o
3-light frame, la feet by 6 feet V ^^"^^f^ 5 5 o

6-light frame. ■,^ feet by 6 feet 1 '^"'^ ''" ( ,„ o o
The glass is nailed and puttied m. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY AND CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works. Middleton. Manchpsfer.

DEANE &
CONSFRVATOPirS ^

CO.'S
HRFFMHrniSES.

The priLLi given inclu'le LktLllMj UUMl'LLIt,, wiih
all necessary brickwork, &c., within 15 miles of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.

Size i5ft,by9ft. .. 2oft.byi2ft. .. 25ft,byi5ft,

Price .. £,10. .. £^1 \os. .. £,^Z.

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size, io'f.by6ft., i2ft.by8rt., 15 ft. by loft., aoft.byiaft.
Price, C^^ los. £23 ics. £2^ los. £^o. .

Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Dr-iwiiigi and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
LOUGH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, corr.plete as shown,
wiih 12 ft. of 4-in. Hot-water
Pine. £4 4S.

The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-

-___ ratus made. It requires

no brick scttinj;. no stokehole, and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and burns more than twelve hours without attenlion.

Price of Apparatns for hnuses of anv s ze on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DBANB &
('4-^'st.)- LONDON

CO.
BRIDGE.

6o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884.

TO BE GIYM AWAY.

21s. worth of Pictures for Is. 6d.

EXTRA SPECIAL NOTICE.

WE have much pleasure in announcing that
arran^emeiits have been made to supp'v the Public with
some extraordinary bargains. The Kensington Fine Art Associa-
tion have undertaken to purchase for cash some thousands of
magnihcent Pictures, and the Public may rest assured that such
an opportunity is seldom offered them ; and, in order that a
rapid sale may be effecied, the followiug Parcels, containinK
13 beauiiful Pictures, will be sent carriage paid to any address,
on receipt of Post-office Order, value u. gr/,, or 33 penny stamps.
The parcel will be called

The Great English Clearance Parcel,

and will contain the whole of the following 13 beauiiful pictures.

"Homeward Bound -Nearing Land's End."— A large

and magriiliceuity-coluurcd i ijl Picture (mcasming iq% inches by
13)^ inches)' From the grand and original Painting by J. Wil-
son. Esq The sea could not have been pictured wiih mote
reality, and the clouds are a perfect study. The numerous
colours in these splendid Pictures are 50 well blended that it is
next to impossible to detect them from the original oil painting.

*' The Stag at Bay."— A choice Chromo from the original
painting by bir Edwin Landseer, R A.

"A DlBtinffulslied Member of the Royal Humane

Society." — A beauiiful animai subject in Chromo- Lithograph,
from ihe original painting by the late Sir Edwin Landseer, R. A.

" Three Friends of Temperance."— A pretty Chromo

depicting animal lie, from ihe original painting by the late Sir
Edwin Lai.dseer, R.A.

•' The Wounded Hound."— A nicely colour*d picture in
Chromo- Lithi graph, ftom the original painting by the late Sir
Edwin Land^ieer, R.A.

'* The Combat."— Another picture of the life of the stag,
from ihe oiigiual painting by the late Sir Edwin Landseer.R.A.

" The Hunted Stag "—A nicely coloured Chromo-Liiho-
graph, from the oriyiual painting by the late Sir Edwin
Landseer, R.A.

" On the Sea Shore."— A very charming Chromo from the
original painting. The colours ia this picture are very nicely
blended,

"A Faithful Friend."— This picture is beautifully con-
ceived, and forms the exquisite companion subject to " On the
Sea Shore."

"Gathering WlldflOWerS."— A pretty Chromo, from the
original painting, and the colours are well arranged.

" A Summer's Holiday. "—This choice picture forms the
companion subject to " Gaihering Wildflowers," and is well
conceived.

"Beauty Hath Charms.'— This elegant Picture will be
greaily prized, ihe figure being sweetly pretty and the colours
magnificeniiy blended.

And to every customer forwarding cash with order will be
included a copy of that large and magnificent engraving
entitled,

" The Highland Shepherds."

(measuring 23 in. by 17J4 in ). painted by Andrew Somerville,
Esq . S A., and engravt^d by Henry Haig, Esq., for the Art
Union of bcottand. and pubtiiahed under the patronage of his
Royal Highne-s the late Prince Albert.

Fnends wishing to secure several parcels will be entitled to a
slight reduction, as follows :— Two Parcels, 3^. ^d ; Three
Parcels, 51. ; Four Parcels, 6i. dd. ; Six Parcels, gj. -^d. ;
carriage paid.

Any one doubting the genuineness of the above offer can have
the pictures sent carriage paid without sending the money in
advance, but of course will not be entitled to ■'THE HIGH-
LAND SHEPHERDS," the Association relying on the honesty
of the sender to remit PO.O. or stamps as soon as the pictures
are received. No one in the world can offer fairer terms than
these.

The following coupon shnuld be cut out and forwarded, with
remittance, wilh as little delay as possible ; —

C. C. FREE GIFT BOND, Nov. 8, 1884.
(Please order on or befoie Nov. 22, unless from abroad.)
On receipt of this Bond, accompanied by P.O.O. value
IS 9^., or twenty-three penny siamp«, I agree to forward,
carriage paid, to any address, one GREAT ENGLISH
CLEARANCE PARCEL, containing the whole of the
thirteen pictures described above, including ihe grand steel-
plate Engraving of "The Highland Shepherds," and with
ev*'ry parcel will also be incluoed, ENTIRELY FREE of
CHARGE, rulesand presentation ticket entitling the holder
to compete for a Money Prize of ONE HUNDRED
POUNDS for the best story (not necessarily original), or
the be-t description of any piece of English landscape or
marine scenery, for the purpose of producing a pirture of the
same, (Signed), WALTER H. BACON, The Kensington
Fine Alt A^socialion, The Mall, Kensington, London, W.

N.B.— The exquisite Companion Picture to " HOME-
WARD BOUND-NEARING LAND'S END," entitled
"OUTWARD BOUND-OFF RAMSGATE," can be
had for P 0.0. u 6d , or twenty stamps. Purchasers of
"OUTWARD BOUND" and ihe GREAT ENGLISH
CLEARANCE PARCEL (for which a P.O.O. for 35. 3*/.
or fony-thrce stamps, must be sent), will be presented,
ENTIRELY FREE of CHARGE, with a magnificent
Engraving, entuled "THE COQUETTE," measuring
20 in. by IS in , painted by C. Baxter, Esq., and Engraved
by the renowned Francis HoU, Esq.

Our Desoiptive Cstalogufs and Price Lists ol Oil Paintings.
Engravings. Chromos, and Oleographs contain numerous Press
opinions, testimonials, &c., which will be forwarded free for one
sump.

Post-office orders to be made payable at the Kensington Park
Road Post-office, London, and cheques may be crossed
'"National Bank, Nntting-hill Branch" If the above parcel
is called for, it will be supplied at ii. 6d., instead of is. gd., the
allowance being for carriage.

WALTER HENRY BACON,

The Kensington Fine Art Association,
THE MALL, KENSINGTON, LONDON, W.
To Visitors.— Nearest railway station. Netting Hill Gate.
Reliable Agents wonted throughout the world.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.G.

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
tain., 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo.ft. and 300-fL cases.

Iron Hurdles, Gates, Tree Guards,

Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.

^J^

^^^^^M

^^

^^^^^^S

^0

W^'^^^

lUmlmUd CATALOGUE Free en apfhcaiiim

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 1, Crooked Lane. King William Street. London. E.C.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.

Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 63s.

As illustrated above, price 41. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 6ji. Terminal Holdfasts.

^ No. 632. Ill _ Per doz.

2 2ji 3 3J^ inches. r-— {^ Per doz.

3^. i,d. id. yd. per doz. n ■ ' i^iniiM'i 2s. 6d.

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

li. (jd,, zs., and 2S 6d. per 100 yards.
Illuilraled CATALOGUES on apfikatwn.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTOKIA STREET, E.C ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

PAINE'S PATENT VENTILATING.
GEAR for Greenhouses. — 120 Ventilators can be opened
and closed iu one minute. No cords required ; can be worked
by a boy, and c*niiui get out of order. Information and
references on application to

G. PAINE, Machinist, Broadwater, Worthing.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{^Re^istered Ttaete Mark.)

H

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (ully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced uoward^ of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. ^ It
may be applied by an ordinary labouier, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used to the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i.r. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kinedom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.
** Ptercefield Park, June 21. 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I ciind>dly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnihh to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
specifullv. Wm. Cox."

CAU riON — WwA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on mosl
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Tradt: Mack as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and ig6, St. Vincoat
Street, Glasgow.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manulatturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

SILVER SAND, coarse, Sussex and Bed-
fordshire; Sussex and Ktnt PEAT and LOAM of the best
quality by trucklo^d. ton, and in sacks, at moderate prices.
Low rates to London and to all parts. — W. SHORT, Horti-
cultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex.— Established 1862.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for covering, packing. &c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prrcrs applv to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

A STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-■LA. The wannest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes:— 6 ft.
6 in. by ^ ft. g in. at as. ; 6 tl. 6 in by 4 ft. 6 in at 2S. zd. ; 6 ft.
6 in by 7 ft.. 3J. 2d. Ai.nlv to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tting.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Scd B.'gs, new and secjnd-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibie, Netting and Tiflany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-c^vers, Horse. cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LI ^T on application to J BLACKBURN AND
SUNS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble inWater)

Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots
or Foliage of Trees and Plints, Kills all Vegetable Grubs,
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Bbght, Clears Giiipes
from Mealy Bug, &c.. and makes a good "Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedsmen and Ohemists, 1/6, 2/G, 46 a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12/6, or less in larcer quantities. A Treatise on *^Fir Tree
on," and its application, sent free on rf.ceipt of addrest, 1"i the
Manufacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co, ; Corbv. Soper, Foivlkr and
Co ; C. E. OsMAN & Co , and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

GREENHOUSES
To be disposed of. cheap : —
A SPAN-ROOF. >!8 rt 6 in. by 19 ft. 6 in., with 4 ft. Glass at

sides. Price Z35
A SPAN.ROOF FOKUING HOUSE. 60 ft. by loft. 611L,

wilh range of Pits, 5 ft. wide. Price £1$'
A LEAN-TO VINERY, 69 t. by 16 ft. 3 in. Price £yi.
On view.
J. LEWIS' Horticultural Works, Stamford Hill.

FIR TREE OIL

■'HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially .^,,^-g.-
suited for KITCHEN '-
GARDENS, as they har-
hour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASfc.S, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. RUSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, CheUea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Koad, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also

for FoXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, wiih Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZKD TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving 01 great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Ronfing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER ANu CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses ab'^ve.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of .Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS lor Rockeries or Frrncries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

INDIAN MUSLIN.

A perfectly Pure Cream.coloured Cotton Mustia.
{25 inches widej, u&efnl for

45 yards SHADING, 90 yards for m. &/.,

for6s.6J.. DRESSES, ff" P" f'»>"'i

free per Parcels _ I D T A I M Q P"" "" receipt

Post on receipt of OUrllAirMO, ofPo.lal

PostalOrder. BLINDS, Order.

DRAPERIES &o.

^IND IN COLOURS.
Send Stamped Envelope for Pattern and Prices.

JOHN KA7 & SONS,

BURNLEY WOOD MILLS, BURNLKV.

November 8, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

607

Now Ready, 8v, price 2r. dd, \ post-free, »i\ g*^.

OFFICIAL KEPOKT of the NATIONAL
APPLE CONGKhSS. held at ihe Royal Hoilicultural
Society'^ Gar<ien);, Chi^wick, in October, i8Si.

CompiUd and pr.p.rtd by Mr n. F. BARRON.
Lond™ : MACMILLAN & CO., Bedford Slieet, Sirand, W.C

ZADKIEL'S ALMANAC, 1SS5.— Circulation
over 140,000. Year of Strife, Zad kiel foretold ilie
Dronqht and Earthquake in England, the Exoeditinn to
Egyt.it, &c. London: COUSINS and CO., 3, Yoik Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. Price 6./,

The Sydney Mail

AND

N EW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS .■—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and ihe FIELD in which is incorporated
HELL'S LIFE m SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AU'^IRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for ihls Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles. )

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &C. It contains
a large amount ol information on a great variety of subjects*

Subscription In Advance, £1 63. per Annum.

Single Copies, td. ; Stamped, qd.
Publtshins Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
auihonaed to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—

London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., ao, Cornhill. E.G.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street. E.G.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Sireei. E.G.
Messrs. W. H Smith & Son, iS6, Strand.

Bristol James & Hem-y Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester.. Tanie^ & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.... Roboison & Scott, la, Hanover Street.

Glasuow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

^p" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices fot the use of Advertisers.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the prin'-.ipat Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre'. C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci^pin,
Comle dc Gomer. De Jonee van Ellemeet, O de Kerchove de
Dei:terghem. P E. de Puydt C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaen, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thoma-s, A. van Geert Son. H. J. van Hulle, J. van Vobcera,
H. J. Veitch, A. We.-tmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts ot 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
iij.. payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Po.-.t-i.ffice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

Partnership.

WANTED, a PaRINER, wiih iiaooo or
;^40oo, 10 join present proprietor (who nj^ a larger
amount ol c ipital) in an old-esiablishid and extending Nurser^--
man's Bu-iness. Incoming partner should have exoerience
enabling him to iindciiake correspondence, finance, and cffice
manageme- t. — For further panicuhri address P., James &
Heniy Grace, Public Accountants, Royal Insurance Buildings,
Bristol.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars en application to N. Q., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellincton ^ tieet. Stand. London, W C.

ANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, ex-

periet.ced. Age 34 to 40 Twenty Acres Shrubbery
and Garceu. a. Acres Kuchtn Garden, Grecnhous«:s, &c Nine
laboueis. SaUry ;CS^, house and fuel — Rei>Iv, vith full
pa-'i ular=, to AGKN I Teddt- stev t ffice, Penkridgr, Sc^fT.rd.

Nursery Foreman

WANTED, AT UJN CE, a thorough practical,
energetic man. Must uodersiarid the Culiivation,
Forcing, and Propagation of Roses ; also Forcing Flowers and
Fruit lor Market. Every encoutagement given and progressive
wages to a competent man. No objection to try a young man
who has been for some years under a good Foreman in a
London Nursery. English, under 36. Also Wanted, a HANDY
MAN, in a Nursery, for Planting, Lifting, &c. Wages, zu.
per week.— T. O., Gardineri Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a
STEWARD and GARDENEK, for a Small Farm and
G.irden, without Glass. Middle-aged, married man, without
young children preferred ; the Wife 10 take care of house during
absence ol owner each vear. t'lrst-das-. references essemial, —
Apply toj. VANDfcRKlSTE, Esq., 6, Pecy Square, LimencW,
staling terms and references.

ANTED, a FOREMAN, for Herbaceous,

Alpine, and Hardy Fl.trist Department. Only a
thoroughly experienced man suitable. — Apply, f^tating where
last employed, and salary required, to J.-\MES DlcKSON
AND SONS, ■' Newton" Nur^eries, Chester.

ANTED, a MAN, in the Glass Depart-

ment, to Grow Rcscs and Carnations for Market. — R.
CHILD.S, 65, Rye lane, Peckham, S. K.

ANTED, for the Seed Business, South

Midland Counties, an APPRENTICE. Good neighbour-
hood, and tifst-class chances 10 get g >nd iiisii:ht into the
'IVade. With or without premium. — h. & S., Hutst & Son,
IS'. Hnundsduch, Li)ndon. E.

Bouquettlst.

WANTED, IMMl-.DlATELY, for Liver-
pool, an experienced BOUQU^T^IST.— Mi^s KAHN,
25. Great Prescott street, Goodman's Fields, London, E.G.

WANT PLACES.

*** Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special applicatio7t Jor the same by letter.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Laud Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILlKlfS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all

? " times upon their Regi.ster reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enuuiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.

I C H ARD SMITH and CO.

beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SC O T C H G aT^D E N E R S.
— John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from £t<,o to ;Cioo per annum, and he wid be pleased to supply
full paiticuhrs to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

JOURNEYMEN and FOREMEN.— Several

tl first-class men who have been trained in the leading
establishments in Scotland, wanting to go to England on the
term day. Nov. II. — Full particulars from JOHN DOVVNIE,
Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 33.— Mr. H. W~

Ward. Gardener to the Earl ol Radnor, Longford
Caslle, Salisbury, Wilts, will be p'eased to recommend to any
Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, a thoroughly energetic and
good all-round Gardener, and highly respeciable man. Sixteen
years' exoerience, eight ^ears as Head

CJ.ARDENEK (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of
■^ HoUanden, Tonbridge. wi-hes highly to rtcommend his
Head Gardener (G. Coldsmiih), who has lived with him eight
years, and six years wuh previous proprietor. Leaving on
account of family moving to town.— For particulars apply P. C.
HARDWICK, Esq , Hollanden, Tonbndge.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married ;
thoroughly understands Early and Late Forcing of
Vines, Pines, Peaches, &c,. Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening, and the general requirements
of a large establishment. Can be highly recommended by late
and previous emjloyers. — J. W. SEDGLEY, Dunkirk, Oileiy,
St, Mary, Devon.

ARDENER (He.^d); age 28.— W. J. Ire-

land, Gardener 10 ihe Marquis of Headfort, Headfort
House, Kells, Ireland, will be liapuy to supply particulars to
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a
thoroughly competent and energeticmxn as above. An English-
man, a Protestant, possessing a thorough knowledge of his
profession, which has been gained in some of the best gardens
in England, and now Foreman at Headfort Hou^e,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
110 children; ihoiouEhly understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flowers, and
Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last and previous
emplover. — W, B., 45, Fleet Road, Hampsfead, London, N.W.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Married,
no encumbrance ; abstainer. 1 horoughly practical in
all branches of Gardening, boih in and outdoors ; Forcing Early
and Late. Four and a half years' most excellent reierences
from late employer ; thirteen years previous. — G. L., 15,
Woodford Road, Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING),— Age yj^
married ; thoroughly practical in all branches, including
Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Peache>,
TomatOi, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Highest testimonials. Twenty-two years' expe-
rience. — W. U., 8r, Taunton Road, Lee, Kent, S.E.

C:i ARDENER (Head),' or" FOREMAN.—
J Age 28, married, no family ; has had good experience in
all branches ; understands Early and Late Forcing, Stove and
Greenhouse Work. Good character. — F., Mr. J. A. Neville,
Basingstoke.

F

r^ARDENER (good Plain).— Married, one

V-fl child (12); accuslumcd to utive. Nine years' good
character.-G^ r., Manor P.irk Road, Chislehurst, Kent.

/^ARDENER (Under).— Age 27, marTi^

V-* when suited; ihiUtfeu years" exgeiience. Nearly four
years ui present suuation.— W. MAGGS. a8A, AddiSon Road,
Kcnstngiun, London, W.

GARDENERS (Under).— Mr. Bailev,
Holly Hill Gardens, Southampton, would be glad to
recommend one or two young men as UNDER GARDENERS.
— Full particulars as above.

C ^ARDENER (Under), in a good Private
-^ establishment. — Age 19 ; strong. Five yeais' ex-
perience. South preferred. Goad testimonials.— Apply, slating
wdges. &c., H. C. B., 57, MofiTii Road, New 'Jhornton Heaih,
Cioydon.

To Gardeners.

[FOREMAN, in a good establishment,-

-L Young; nme years' experience. —Gh OKGE BObHiER,
I', Albert Str.;et, Morriini:t mi Crescent, Reueni'h Park, N.W.

l^^OREMAN (Indoor).— J. Yates, Dick-

J~ son & Co., the Nurs.erie.-, Alexandra Road, Manchester^
can with conftdcnce recummend a thorough good practical man
as above. — For particulars apply as above.

FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and
grower (Market or otherwise) —Thoroughly exp>iri-
enced in Producing large quaniities of Flowering Plants, Hard
or Soft-wooded Palms, Feins, Vines, Rose-;, &c. Over twenty
years' expeiience in London and Provincial Nurseries. Near
London preierred.— J FRANKLIN, 7, Hawthorn Terrace,
Chase Ro3d, Souihgaie, N.

PROPAGATOR of Roses, Fruit Trees, and

-L Haidy Shrubs. — Voung, steady and active; wUling to
make him^e^f useful in the Nur-ery, — A. W. W,, Gtirdeiiers'
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

O HEAD GARDENERS, &c.— A young

man, well acquamted wiih the Cultivation of (.)rchids,
seeks a situation under ih^ Head Gardener or Orchid Grower.
Gorxi references.— A. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

'TO NURSERYMEN.- Wm. Moss, for many

J-. years Manager of the Wentworih Nurseries, Hexham,
desires a re-engagtment of trust. Twenty-two years' thorough
practical txpericnce in the Nursery Trade. Goud knowledge of
Seed Traoe, Well up in book-keeping and correspondence.
Experienced on ihe Road. Fust-class references.- 4, Maiden's
Walk. Hexham.

To Nursery men.

MANAGER or TRAVELLER, of consider-
able expei ience and good connection, is at liberty to
engage wiih any leading fi^m as above. — Thoroughly acquainted
wiih the Value of Indoor and Outdoor Stock.— first-class refer-
ences as to ability, &c.— V. W., 26, Down Street, Piccadilly
London, W.

Seed Trade.

MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.—
Age 30 ; fourteen yeais' experience in the Wholesale
and Retail Seed Trade. First-class references. — J. C. ,
Gu7-d''Hers' Chrot.icle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To the Trade.

BOOK-KEEPER, CASHIER, HEAD
SHOPMAN, SALESMAN, or otherwise —Advertiser
will shortly be disengaged. Has had considerable exi>erience.
— M. C. F., 24, King Street, New Town, Deptford, S.E.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 26 ; eleven years' experi-
ence. Qaahhed in ail branches of the business. Un-
exceptionable references — W. O , Box 68, Post-office, Chester.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reierences respecting character and abilities. —
T. H., 50. Frenchwood Street, Preston.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Ten years'
experience; thorough knowledge of the Business in all
its branches. Good Salesman. — O. P., F. Mackemie, 51,
Breadalbane Street, off Dumbaiton Road, Glasgow.

seed Trade.

ASSISTANT. — Age 19 ; four years in shop
and warehouse. Good refcitnce. — G. C. , Messrs. Wood
& Ingram, Seed Merchants, Huntint-don.

SEED and NURSERY TRADE.— Advertiser
is open to an engagement in .Shop or Office of a Large
Firm. Has had ihirt'cn years' experience in London and
Provinces. — G. J. P., Garde>urs' Chronicle Offi-e, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.

TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.—
Wanted, by a youth (18). situation with Florist or Nur-
seryman, where a small salary would be given 10 commence
with, and a good opportunity of promotion. Only been out
three months.- CHARLES WALL, Aldborough, Borobridge,
near York.

To NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and
FLORISTS'.— a voung Jady (age 23) requires situa-
tion. Has had nine years' experience in above business. — Miss
H. M. STEVENS, Mr. WaUron, The New Road, Solihull.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTand PILLS.—
For the Cure of Burns, Scalds, Wcunds, and Ulcers,
this justly celebrated Ointment stands unrivalled. Iti balsamic
properties, immediately on application, lull the angul^h, protect
the exposed nerves from the air, give to the vessels the vigour
necessary to heal the sore, and confer on the blood a purity
which permits it to lay down healthy flesh in place of that
d<islroyed. Holloway's Pills, simultaneously taken, greatly
assist the Ointment's purifying and soothing power. Together
these Medicines act like a charm ; no invalid, after a fair trial,
has found them fail to relieve his pain, or completely cure his
disease. The combined action of this Ointment and Pills, in all
disorders, is all powerful and too irresistible to b« withstood.

6o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 8, 1884.

CHANGE

O F

NAME

from T. H. P. DENNIS & CO. to CROMPTON & FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS IN WOOD AND IRON, HEATING ENGINEERS AND BOILER MAKERS.

Anchor Works— Chelmsford. Ijondon Oflfioe— Mansion House Buildings.

Mr. T. H. P. Dennis having retired from this business, it will be carried on by the remaining Partners, R. E. Crompton and F. A. Fawkes —

the latter retaining his present position as Managing Partner — under the title of

CROMPTON & FA^VKES.

They are in a position to guarantee that all Horticultural Work planned and carried out by them, whether extensive or small, will combine the
highest class workmanship and most recent improvements at the most moderate prices ; the whole being the result of the scientific and artistic
attainments for which their firm is justly renowned.

STEVEN BROS. & CO.,

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Manufactiwers of

Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS.

Terminal-end Saddles.

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers.

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c.

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints.

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

NOTE.-

- Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

R

S.

Haud desinam donee perfecero."

DUNBAR

(Late of the THAMES BANE IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

HOT- WATER PIPES -

. . .

... 2-inch,

\s. \d.; 3-inch, \s. "jd.

4-inch,

2^. od. per yard.

ELBOWS

... 2-inch,

IS. 4d. ; 3- inch, 2s. od.

4-inch,

IS. 6d. each.

SYPHONS

... 2-inch,

2S. od. ; 3 -inch, 35-. od.

4-inch,

4J. od. each.

TEES •••

... 2-inch,

2S. od. ; 3-inch, 35. od.

4-inch,

^s. od. each.

A

Liberal

Discount for

Cash to the Trade.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEE

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where ;i few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 5.^^. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose fcr

G.irden use.

No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.

No. 63. PORTABLK IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Sle:im Power. ,^ . «

No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. ^ga. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 5oands40i. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
llO^o ,^^''"^ELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of Ike Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the OIBce, 41, Wellineton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
, •^""'f,'' ■" William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradeuhv, Acnbw, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Publishtd by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WelUngton Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturdav. November 8. 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J. Mknzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstaljUfiljetJ 1841.

No. 56S.— Vol. XXII. {sekTes.} SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1S84. {

Registered at the Gei
Post-office as a Newspaper.

General (
vspaper. C

Price 6d.

Post-free, si^.

CONTENTS.

A-'ters, notes on ihe cul-

Oticidium loxense

6:6

tivate i ..

618

,. vernixium ..

616

Baikeiia b^ilcenola

6t6

Pandanus odjratissimus

624

blight OQ ihe green crcps

6a6

Plant poitraits

6«

Boilers, tubular ..

f>^&

Poisonous lungi . .

620

Cataguata anguslifoha . .

6r6

Potato disease, ilic

627

Cassia cotyn.bLsa

taS

Potatos at Reading

6/9

Catileya maxima

6.8

Propagator, the ..

61J

Christmas Roses ..

62S

Rainf.il 1 and the land ..

6jf.

Chrysamhemums at P.

Roots, the

6,0

Dixon & Co.*s,

Rose of Hildesheim

6.0

Hackney ..

6-6

Ro'es, gumming .. 624

6!8

„ at Fr^mpton Parte

Societies : —

Nursery

6*6

Brighton Chrysanthe-

Cockroaches

62K

mum

6,j

Edgincs to ga'den walks

6q

Cheshunt Chrysaniht

Florists fijweis -.

t>ii

mum ..

611

Flower gaiden. the

621

Kingston and Surbiton

Foreign (orest produce . .

621

Chrysanihemum

6,2

Gardeners' Roval Bene-

Lambeth Chrysanthe-

volent Institution

bii

mum . .

Gladioli coims, btoring .

t27

Naiijiial Chrjsanthe-

Hvdrangea pubescens ..

bib

mum ..

6,3

iris hexagona

62S

Putney Chrysamhe-

Impatiens Jerdon se

6aK

nium ..

61,

Kitchen gaiden. the

621

Royal Horticultural ..

630

LapsgcTia rcsea, double

Southampton Chrysan-

Holers of

6j4

themum

6,1

Lasiandra macrantha . .

6.7

Stoke Newington Chry-

Iliac, the ..

627

santhemum ..

61,

Mango, propagation and

Tomato disease, the

623

improvement ..

(-1.

Tropical Africa mountain

Muntham Court ..

O15

flora

6,li

Naiurahsti' Field Club,

Vine culture and Giape

the Woolhope ..

6.C)

shanking

6,7

Nympbseas at Kew

626

Victoria regia

(iio

Obituary ..

635

Weather, the

635

M O R R I S,"

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Cattleya maxima .. .. .. .. 620

Hydrangea pubeacens . . , . . . , , , . . . 617

M untbam Court, Views at . . . . . . . . . . 625

Rose at Hildesheim, the .. 621

NOTICE io SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders a/id Postal Orders should

now be Jitade pavable at
DRURY LANE.

Now Ready, In cloth, 16s.,
'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

T

"J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :~C H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.. to whom American Orders may be sent.

WICKENHAM HORTICULTURAL and

COTTAGE GARDEN SOCIETY.— EXHIBITION
of CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT. &c., at the Town Hall,
Twickenham, NOV. iSand 19. Schedules and all particulars can
beobtamedfrom ALEX. ALLFREY. Hon. Sec. , Twickenham.

B~RISTOL CHRYSANTHEMUM
and SPRING SHOW SOCIETY.
The TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL EXHIBITION of
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT. &c. will be held in the
Victoria Rooms, Clifton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
Nov, 19 and 20. Schedules of Prizes, &c., may be obtained of
GEO. WEBLEY, Hon. Sec. Westbury-on-Trym.

LANCASTER HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY— CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW in the
New Market, WEDNESDAY, Dec. 3. Entiies close Nov. 26.

2,. Portland Street, Lancaster. JO"^ "ATCH, Hon. Sec.

TO THE TRADE. — Special offer of
SPIK.E* lAPONICA. extra strong clumps ; LILY OF
THE Valley, extra strong clumps: LILY OF THE
VALLEY, finest German Crowns ; GLADIOLUS BRENCH-.
LEUENSIS, extra large : AFRICAN TUBEROSES, fira
quality Prices upon application to

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and BEALE, 237 and
23a, High Holbom, London, W.C.

PETER VAN VELSEN .\nd SONS,
Bulb Growers. Overveen, Haarlem, Holland, beg to
oflfer to the Trade. MONBRETIAPOTTSII and mixed French
RANUNCULUS io extra strong stuff. Prices on application.

TTELLEBORUS NIGER (Christmas Rose).

-*--^ — Ju5t arriving, a large Importation of this grand
Winter Flower — good roots— in good condition; also English-
grown Roots. Exceptionally low prices on application to

W.ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

For Sale.

RASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black
CURRANT TREES, and Victoila RHUBARB SETS.
Apply, R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

TO BE SOLD, Che~ap7T8~fine GARDENIA
INTERMEDIA TREES, in 12-inch pots. Apply
J. W. SHEPHERD, 19, Waverley Street. Nottinghim.

" -IVT A R Y

XtX BORDER CARNATION.-Two Firstchss Cer-
tificates, 3r. .1 pair, 151. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
raiser.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith St., Druty Lane, W.C.

FR E E S Ta'^R eT- RA C T^A ALB A.
Long while bell-shaptd flower for early blocming. Very
sweet scented. One of the most useful bulbs that can be grown.
See our IJutb CATALf^jr.UE, free on application.
WATKINS ANH SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Meichanls.
Exeter Street, Strand. W.C.

pCELOGYNE~CRTsTATA ALBA. — The

V^ New Snow-white Ccclogyne. One of the most lovely of
Orrhids Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and
Raie Plants, 5 i6, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS^
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham.

ARGE ARAUCARIA E.XCELSA for Sale.
Also large SPECI.MEN CAMELLIAS, from 3 to 12 ft.
E. COOLING. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby.

Splr»as— Spiraeas.
TULES DE COCK, NURSERYMAN, Ghent,

^ Belgium.

SPIR/EA JAPONICA, first-class clumps.
Many thousands for sale. Prices on application.

ARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful IIlus-

trated LIST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Tfis. R056FI

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

P> U S S I A MAT S. — Full Descriptive
t CATALOGUE has just been issued. The same will
ba fent post-free to any who have not received one.
JAMES T. ANDERSON t49. Commercial St., London, E.

PINES. — Smooth Cayennes, true and clean,
in quantity, in all stages, at reasonable prices, on applica-
tion, or IN EXCHANGE for Plants of Equivalent Value, such
as Orchids, Narcissus, Liliums, Rhododendrons, Alpine
Plants, &c.

WM. MILLER, Combe Abbey Gardens, near Coventry.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, So.

ACATTANEO, Co.mmission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden
W. C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS
CUCUMBERS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^-^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QUE LC H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

WISE AND RIDES beg to inform Senders
that the following a-e now io demand :—STEPHA-
NOTIS. EUCHARIS, G4RDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ODONTOGLOSSUM and other ORCHIDS, ROSES. &c. •
al.o TOM.1TOS. CUCUMBERS. &c

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.

To Grape Growers.
TXr UNWIN can now TAKE a FEW

VV . MORE CONSIGNMENTS, having greater demand.
W. UNWIN, Grape Salesman, r4, James* Street, Covent
Garden, W.C — Established ten years.

ANTED, DAISIES.— Send lowest prices .

and foil particulars to
H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley, Kent.

ANTED, SPRUCE FIRS for Christmas

trees, various sizes, large with or without roots. Must
be well furnivhed. Send Samples and Prices to

W. FROMOW AND SONS, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick,
London. W,

ANTED, a large quantity of EUCHARIS

AMAZONICA BULBS. Send sample and lowest
price per roo to

J. FISHER, 18. Wheeler Gate, Nottiogham.

ANTED, SYCAMORE and Wych ELMS,

Stout, sturdy Trees, 8 to 9 or 9 to 10 feet, or larger, for
planting singly by (he sea. Say number, height, average
diameter i foot from the ground, when transplanted, and
lowest prices.

F. AND A. DICKSON AND SONS, " Upton " Nurseries,
Chester.

Now Ready.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL
for 1SS5.
Contains a Complete List ol over 7150 Country Seats.
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the Uniied Kuigdom ; over 800
New Names have been added to the Cardencrs' List during the
past season. There is also the best Trade Li;t published, cor-
rected to date. Price is., by poit is. yi.

Of all Nurserymen. Bot^ksellers, and at 37, SouUumpton
Sireet, Strand, London. W.C.

Expiration of Lease.

SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing
a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be cffercd at a
nominal price. The lea^ie cannot be renewed

See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardtners
Chronul'-, November 8 and 22.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Fine strong sound

J— J Plump Bulbs. Prices, and where desired samples, on
application.

THOMAS S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham.
London.

To BE SOLD, a quantity of superior PINE
PLANTS.
The GARDENER. Dewhurit Lodge. Wadhurst.

CHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,
Birch, Alder, Willow, Oalt, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst.

Tj^UCHARIS CANDIDA,^"oocn3uibs~by

-J— ^ the 100 or loco. The flowers of 1 his free flowering species
are extensively used for cutting. Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants. 536, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W.

T ARCH.— 1,000,000 to offer, Cheap, lifted

J—^ last Spring. All strong, with good roots : 3 to 4 feet, i6j. ;
4 t05 fett, i8j.; 5 feet, 201 per looo. Apply

FRANCIS BELL. Nurseries. Easingwold.— Nov 8. 1884.

( CAMELLIAS— CAMeTlIAS with" Buds.— ;■

V-' Many thousands are on Sale, white and striped. Apjly to
JULES DE COCK, Nurseryman. Ghent, Beleium.

Hyaclnthus candlcans.

TDUDDENBURG BROS., BuLB GROWERS,

-*— ' Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per looo.

p H (;e N I X re" cTTnata. —

~L New Seed, If. per oz. (about 80 seeds),

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

"TiESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. — Roses,

J--' Rhododendrons, Fruit Trees, Deciduous and Evergreen
Trees and Shrubs, Conifers. Clematis, and other Climbing
Plants, &c. Our new CATALOGUE ol the above is now
ready, and may be had. free, on application.
H. LANE AND SON, Ihe Nuisenes, Berkhampstead, Herts.

HelleboruB nlger- Christmas Rose.

ARIEMSCHNEIDER, Brandenburg on
• Havel, near Berlin, begs to offer strong Clumps of the
above at 8j. per loo, 70J. per 1000. Orders should be
addressed to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 23, Savage Gardens,
London, E.C.

To tlie Trade, and Otbera.

DWARF ROSES. — Several thousands to
offer, really fine stuff, of all the varieties worthy of culti-
vation, at 6i. per dozen, or 40J. per ico, carriage paid. Cash
with all orders.
WILLIAM DEEDMAN, Little Posbroolce, Titchfield, Hants.

F~OR SALE, splendid Williams' Bon
Chreiien and Doyenn^ du Comice PEAR TREES,
from Jersey. Four years old.

Price £,^ Its. per lo".
Apply to Messrs. S. SOLOMON and CO., Auctioneers and
Fiuit Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiket, where samples can
be seen.

RUIT TREES for SALE.— Favourite

Cluster DAMSON, Victoria Bush and New Orleans
PLUMS, lo.cooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES, Black and
Red CURRANTS, COB TREES, ao oxj true DAMSON
SPAWN, 3t0 4(ett.

A. SEAR, Mr. Skinner, East Fatleigh, Kent.

Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have this season a grand
stock of Grape Vines, suitable lor Fruiiiug in Pots and Planting
in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston. Liverpool.

Grape Vines.— Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for seriding out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, poit-free on application.
Early Orders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N.

WO THOUSAND VINES for immediate

fruiting and for permanent planting, thoroughly ripened
Canes. CATALOGUE on application.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chest er

6io

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November is, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Froghall Nursery, Enfield Chase, Soutligate.

i% mile from New Barnet and Oak'ey Park Sutions, Great

Northern Railway, main line.
7000 Standard, Half- Standard, and Dwarf ROSES. The col-
lection comprises all the leadmg varieties, and is remark-
ably healthy and well grown.
MR, J. HARLAND will SELL by AUC-
TION, upon the Premises, as above, by order of the
proprietor, Mr. C. M. Lindsey, on FRIDAY, November 21. at
12 o'clock precisely, on account of the number of lots. The
lots are arranged to suit the Trade, and also private purchasers.
Ten days will be allowed to clear the ground.

Catalogues may be had seven days prior to the day of Sale at
the Nursery, the usual Inns in the neighbourhood, and by post
from Mr. J. HARLAND S Auction and Estate Offices, High
Bam^t.

Every Monday, Tnursday, aud SUurday.

DUTCH BULbS— GKtAT UN RIlSERVIlD SaLES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely, each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS, from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.

Tuesday Next.— The Fallowfield Collection of Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.G ,
on TUESDAY NEXT. November 18, at half-past 12 o'CIock
precisely, a very valuable lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
comprising many large specimen and rare Orchids, among
others : —

Acrides suavissimum flavidum
(Pince's original plani)
,, odoratum purpurascens
Cattleya labiata Pescatorei

,, Skinneri alba
Dendrobium Ainsworthl

„ Wardianum (old variety)
,, SchiOderi
,, crassinode album
Saccolabium retusum
Odontoglossum Edwardi
,, mulus
aspersum

Gypripcdium vexillarium
I. Swani^num
„ Chaniini (in flower)
,, albo marginatum
„ caudatum roseum
Vanda cri'^tata
„ suavis Veltchii
„ insignis (Ains worth's

variety)
,, Lowii
Ccelogyne cristata (Chatsworth

variety.
Aerides larpentsc

And many grand specimens of CATTLEYAS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Important Sale of a First-class Collection of Dutch

BULBS, a Superb Assortment of 500 handsome Standard,
Dwarf and other ROSES ; Selected FKUIT TREES,
Hardy CONIFERS, SHRUBS, AMERICAN
PLANTS. &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City
Auction Rooms, 3"^ and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on
TUESDAY, November 18, at 12 o'CIock precisely.

On view the morning ot Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.

Ashford, Kent.

CLEARANCE SALE of remarkably well grown NURSERY
STOCK, ihe land being required by the Burial Board.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr, T. Bunyard to SELL by
AUCTION on the Premises, The Barnfield Nursery, A.-hford,
Kent, on Tuesday, November 18, at 11 o'CIock precisely, in
consequence of the large number of lots, the whole of the beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising about 20,000
Ornameolal and Forest Trees, including 10,000 Chesnuts, 5000
Ash, 50X> Laurel, Conifers, and Evergreens in great variety,
suitable for immediate etTective planting ; Standard and Pyra-
mid Fruit Tree's, 2000 Standard and Dwarf Roses, and other
stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had of Mr. T.
BUNYARD, Nurservman, Ashford, Kent, orof ihe Auctioneers
and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.G.

Sutton, Surrey.

WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY NEXT, instead of

Tuesday and Wednesday, as previously advertised.

Two days' Sale of remarkably well grown NU RSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. H Potter to SE LL by AUCTION,
on ihe Premises, ihe Mid-^^urreyNurseries. Benhill Street, Suiton,
Surrey, close to the Suiton and Carshalton Railway Stations, on
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY NEXT, November 19
and 20, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, a large quantity of
remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in capital con-
dition for removal, comprising very fine specimen Couiferae and
Evergreen Shrubs, 60 grand specimen Wellingtonia gigantea,
J030 Cupressus, 3 to 4 feet : 2000 Laurels, of sons. 2 to 4 feet :
2000 oval-leaved Privet, 2 to 3 feet ; 2000 Standard, Half-
Standard and Dwarf Roses of the choicest sorts: Variegated
Hollies, Ornamental Trees, Standard and other Fruit Trees,
Ivies in pots, a variety of Greenhouse Plants, Camellias,
Azaleas, Ferns, Palms, Window Plants, &c.

Now on view. Catalogues had at the Nursery, as above ;
at the Seed Shop adjoining Sutton Station ; and of the Auc-
tioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.

Thursday Next.— 10,000 Llllmu auratum^

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G,,^ on THURSDAY NEXT,
November 20, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, io,co3 splendid
Bulbs of LILIUM AUKATUM, just received from Japan, in
unubually fine condihon.

On view mnrning of Sale, and Cafalnpues had

Friday Next.— Very Valuable Importations.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
areinsuuctedby Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION
at their Central Si-le Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London,
EC, on FRIDAY NEXT, November 21, at hall-past 12
o'CI-'ck prt-ciicly, a grand importation nf a splendid new DEN-
DROBIUM, many planisof ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MAJUS
in unusuallv fine masses, a grand lot of GATTLEYAS, two fine
ONCIDIUMS from Peru, and the superb new ONCIDIUM
LOXENSE: some BARKERIA BARKERIOLA, a pretty
new Orchid.GYPRIPEDIUM LINDLEYANUM, AERIDES
SANDERIANA(true), ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM, O.
EDWARDI, O. MARSHALLIANUM. ANGRiEGUM,
DENDROBES, &c., the whole in fine health.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had gf the Auctioneers,
C7 aadfil, CheapAtde, E.G.

Orchids In Flower.— Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL S.^LE
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and in BUD will take place on
TUESDAY, November 25, and they will be glad to receive
entries not later than Tuesday next, November 18.
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G..

Ascot.
IMPORTANT SALE,

To the Trade and other Large Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. J. Standish & Co , to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Royal Nurseries. Ascot,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 26 and 27,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several acres of remarkably
well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including 40,000 Pinus
austriaca and 30 oco P. Laricio, 2-yr. transplanted and seed-
lings : 1500 ditto, 2 to 4 ft. ; 6coi Spruce, I to 4 ft. : iso^o^^eed-
ling Scoicn Fir; 12.000 diito, 2 to 5 ft ; 3500 Weymouth Pines.
6000 Ornamental Trees, 6 to 9 ft. ; 3000 green H 4Jies, 2 ft. ;
15,000 common Laurels, r to 3 ft. ; 6500 Laurus caucasicum. 1
to 3 ft. ; 2000 Retinosporas, 10 so named Rhododendrons,
budded; 500 Border Shrubs, 650 CupresSUS Liwsoni alba and
compacta, ij^ to 2% ft. ; Retinospora plumosa alba, 30C0
Conifers, of sorts, 2 to 7 ft. ; icoo Standard, Pyramid, and
Trained Fruit Trees ; 1000 Standard. Half-standard, and Dwarf
Roses, and a quantity of GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety.

May now b; viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises; or of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.G.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week as above,
largeconsignmentsof first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 120' Cluck fin'shing generally about 5 o'CIock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No 6774)

ROSES, FRUIT 1 REES. HARDY PLANTS, and

BULBS in variety.

MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY N tXT. November 19. at
halT-p^st 12 o'clock precisely, an assortment of first-class Stan-
dard. Half-standard, and D*arf ROSES, Pyramid and Dwarf-
trained FRUIT TREES. HARDY TREES and SHRUBS.
203 IRIS K^MPFERI. 200 clumps of LILY OF THE
VALLEY. 50 splendid home-grown bulbs of LILIUM AURA-
TUM. and other LILIES in variety from English and Dutch
nurseries ; also several hundred lots of first-class HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS
from Holland.

On view morning of Sale and Gatslogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6775.)
FLOWERING ORCHIDS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Greit Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.G,. on THURSDAY NEXT, November =0. at
half-past 12 o'clock precij^ely. a choice COLLECTION of
ORCHIDS in flower, comprising several fine varieties of
Cattleya aurea, Cattleya Candida (very rare), the finest specimen
in Europe of Laelia autumnaiis, with over 300 Bulbs and 145
buds ; L. peduncularis, grand mass wiih 60 bulbs and 80 spikes ;
many fine varieties of Odontoglossum crispum, O. Chestertoni.
O aspersum. Oncidiums. Gypripediums, MasHevallias. Den-
drobes. &c. Also 70 lots of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS
firom the New Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Ttiursday Next.— (Sale No. 6775 )
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT.
November 20, by order of Mr. F. Sander, valuable importations
of ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and (Catalogues bad,

6000 LlUum auratum. from Japan, &c.

MR. J, C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at hi<; Great Rooms, 38. King Street.
Covent Garden. W.G. , on TUESDAY, November 25. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of 5000 splendid Bulbs
of LILIUM AURATUM. just received trom Japan in fine
condition; 2000 TUBEROSES and other ROuTS, from
South Africa; 260 LILIUM GANADENSE and 50 MFR-
TENSIA VIRGINIGA. from America; Home-growii LILIES
in great variety, including many of the finest species in cultiva-
tion ; Clumps and Crowns of LILY OF THE VALLEY,
SPIRitA JAPONICAand PALMATA, also several hundred
lots of first-ctass DUTCH BULBS. &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad.

Isleworth, Middlesex.

SALE of EXCEEDINGLY VALUABLE FREEHOLD

and COPYHOLD PROPERTIES.

MR. E. P. NEWMAN will SELL by AUC-
TION, at the Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard. London,
E.G., on TUESDAY, Nov. 18. at 12 o'CIock, about 15?^ acres
of exceedingly fertile FRUIT PLANTATIONS known as the
Mogden House Gardens, together with two well-built detached
residences thereon. Cottage, and convenient Outbuildings,
situate in the Twickenham Road ; also the Fruit Plantation
known as Lewis' Garden, containing about 3 acres. The Land
is well planted with Fruit Trees, and has extensive frontages
admirably adapted for Building Purp'^ses. being wiihin a few
minutes' walk of three Railway Stations, and which will be sold
in four lots.

Particulars, with Plans, can he obtained of Messrs. TYLEE,
WIGKHAM AND MOBERLY. Solicitors, 14, Essex Street.
Strand ; of A. T. DRAPER. Esq., Surveyor, Leice^Ier ; E. D.
DRAPER, Esq., Solicitor, Bn-miey, Kent ; and of the Auc-
tioneer and Estate Agent, 41, High Street, Uxbridge, and
Hillingdon, Middlesex.

To NurBerymen, Landscape Gardeners and Others.
fPO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, the

J- BUSINESS of NURSERYMAN and LANDSCAPE
GARDENER, carried on for nearly fifty years by the late Mr.
'Thomas Goudreyr, and lately by his Son and Successor (who is
declining the business on account of ill-health), at the Edgbaston
and St. James' Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Apply* for particulars, at 6, Amptoa Road, Edgbaston.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, Guernsey.
A rare opportunity is offered to Florists and Gardeners,
in the sale of the well-known and well-connected Rohais
Nursery, situate about i mile from the harbour, in the island of
Guernsey. Established over 50 years. This Nursery is well
known in England for its famous and rare collection of Camellias
and Bulbs. It is now to be disposed of through the death of its
late owner, Mr. B.Willis. The Nursery contains good Residence,
with aJ4 acres of rare superior Land, through which runs a
stream of fresh water. The whole is well laid out and stocked
with Trees. Plants, Shrubs, Flowers, as well as a superior col-
lection of Camellias. There are besides 8 Conservatories,
Vineries, Camellia Houses, and over 200 feet of Forcing Frames,
and Camellia Pits. The whole in good working order. The sale
will take place on the Premises on Wednesday, Nov. 19. at a P.M.
For particulars, apply to Mr, E.QUERIPEL, Solicitor, Manor
Place, Guernsey ; or, to Mr. H. SOTTER on the Premises.

Wannock, near Eastbourne.

FOR SALE, the well-known (Freehold)
STRAWBERRY GARDENS. DWELLING-HOUSE
GLASS-HOUSES, and PREMiSES.

Particulars of H. T., 18, Marine Parade, Eastbourne.

TO BE LET, a charming GARDEN, with
noble Conservatory, Vineries, and Stove-houses, beautiful
Tennis-lawn, Kitchen Garden (I'.f acre in all), and secluded
Cottage Residence, having (uLI-sized Billiard-room, three
Sitting-rooms, five Bedrooms, Dressing-room, and Bath-room,
Stabling for two hor<;es, Gardener's Cottage. &C- — an almost
unique abode — at £i30 a year ; small premium. SevcD
minutes' walk from East End, Flnc^lIey. station.

Messrs. DEBENHAM, TEWSON, FARMER, and
BRIDGEWaTER, 80. Cheapside, E.G. (38,331 )

^0 BE LET on LEASE, for Twenty Years, a

J- MARKET NURSERY, 13 miles west of London, con-
taining 2 acres, with 245 feet of Glass ; also zco feet of Pits and
Lights, 6 feet by 4, including Potting Shed, Stable, and other
Offices.

Full particulars by letter to E. ROW, Mr. Chapman, Wavei ley
House, London Road, Kington-on-Thames.

To Florists and Nurserymen.

TO BE LET, Capital Premises, from Christ-
mas next, with Dwelling-house, 3 Ranges of Span-roofed
Green and Hot Houses, and good Garden, situate in the centre
of the parish of Walthamstow. Rent modeiate.

Apply to Messrs. WM. and F. HOUGHTON, 61, Old
Broad Street, London, E.G.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
LsAi}, Milled Lead, Oils, and Golouk Merchants,
43, Commeicial Street, E.

OHN KENNARDS, Horticultural

Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sacd, and Berkshire Pottery
Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite.
Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1854.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p,m Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Pal.ice.

Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address^
where his professional work is now carried on,

LILIUM AURATUM.— Our first importa-
tion has arrived in Bulbs of magnificent size and quality,
superior even to most home-grown bulbs. For prices sec our
LIST. No. 71, p. I. Also from Japan, in extraoidinary size
and splendid condition LILIUM HAMSONl, CONCOLOR,
CORIDION, EXIMIUM. BATEMANNIA, KRA.MERI,
COKDIFOLIUM. LONGIFLORUM, tol. alb. marg. Send
also lor our Special Offers of GLADIOLI. IRIS, and NAR-
CISSI. A consignment of New Zealand FILMY FERNS just
arrived.

NEW PLANT AND BULB COMrANV. Colchester.

w

HITE FLOWERS.

WHITE AZALEAS, is. per dozen sprays.
WHITE CHRYSANTHEMUMS, is. per dozen.
WHITE CAMELLIAS, 4S per dozen.
Only Terms — Cash with order.
PRITCHARD AND SONS, Nurserymen, Shrewsbury.

Autumn Planting.

THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have, as usual, an
extensive Stock of healthy, well grown seedling and traus*
planted FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c., special offers of
which will be made on application.

New East Lotblan Stock.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS beg
to intimate that they will send out this season their NEW
WALL-LEAVED CRIMSON variety of the above, which
wilt be found a valuable addition to these already well known
Stocks, in packets aj. dd. and 51. each.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

D I A N T~U~M CU"n E A T U M.

20,000 extra strong, in 6o's.
LASTREA ARISTATA, var., lo.coo in 6o's. 30J. per 100.
WATSON AND EDEN, Merton Abbey Nursery. London. S.W.

HYBRID GLADIOLL— The cheapest and
the bevt in the Trade. HOPPER'S WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be forwarded on apolication.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

PALMS (young), strong healthy English-
grown Sea'orthia elcgans and Latania borbonica, r ■> to
12 inches hieh. nicely fuinished, 251. per 100, 41. per djzen.
Carriage paid for ca>h with order only.
The GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N

Clove CamatlonB.
T H. POUNCE can still supply a few

fj • hundreds to the Trade. Gloirc de Nancy, the finest
White Clove in cultivation ; Mrs. Sinkins, the finest While
Clove Pink in cultivation ; Old Crimson Clove, true. All well
•stablished in pots. Prices, per 100 or dozen, on application.
POUNCE'S Nursery. Hendon, N.W.

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

611

FREDERICK PERKINS begs to call
atteniion to the following large-si2ed EVERGREEN
SHRUBS, which have been icaijvcd every other season, are
all perfect well grown Specimens — will tiavel any distance.
Thmugh trucks to any Pail^ay Station in EngLind : —
ABlbS DciUGLASU, 8 to lo (eet, 55. to 7^. 6rf. each.
CEDRUS DEUDaRA, 3 to 4 feet, 3J. td. ; 4 to 5 feet. 5J.
each.
., LIEANI. 3 to 4 feet, 3^. 6*/. each.
HULLItS, Green, English, 4 to 5 feet, 2S. ; 5 to "7 feet, y. 6ii.

to 5^. each.
LAUREI, LATIFOLIA, 3 to 4 feet. i8j. per dozen.

,, Portugal, 5 to 6 feet, sj. to 7^ td. each.
THUIA LOBBII. 4 to 5 feet (2 to 1, feet through), 51. each.

,. GIGANTEA, 6 to 7 feet, JS- 6./. to loj. tu. each.
SPRUCE FIRS, 4 to s feet, isi. per dozen.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 5 to 6 feet (3 feet through), isJ.

to lis. each.
VEWS, English, 3*10 t,% feet, 120s. per 100 ; 4 to 4J4 feet, 24X.
per doren.

Special quotations for large quantities. Address
FREDERICK PERKIiNS, Nurseryman, Regent Street,
Leamington.

OrcHlds.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand
stock of DhNDROBlUiMS. in variety, and other East Indian
ORCHIDS. aLso CAITLEYAS and oihervalnable ORCHIDS
from South America, and they are constantly receiving fresh
importarions. Price LISTS and full particulars on apphcation.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gatston,
Liverpool.

HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

CO. (John Cowan), Limited, haviiig a large and fine
stock of the following Plants, can with conridence recommend
ihem to purchasers ; —
ERICA HYEMALIS, in jj^-icch pots, i8j. per doz. ; 7-inch

pots. ■i.^s. per dcz
ACACIA DRUMMONDI, in s-inchpots. igf.perdoz.; 4-:nch

pots, \2S. per doz.
„ ARMATA, in 5-inch pots, iSj. per doz, ; 4-inch pots,

I2J. perdoz. [i2j per doz.

,, H\HR1DA, in 5-inrh pots, iSr. perdoz. ; 4-inch pots,

SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, well berried, in 5-inch pots,

izs and t^s. per doz.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, grand plants in the best varieties, in

10 and la-inch pois, 365. and 42^. per doz.
BOUVARDIAS, in ;-uich pois. 12.1. and i8j. perdoz. ; grand

planis in 6 and 7-inch pots, 24^., 3cf,, and \-2S. per doz.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 3-inch pots, 41. per doz. ;

4/i-inch pot5. QS per doz.
,, TRaPEZIFORME, in 3-inch pots, 41. perdoz. ; 4;-^-inch

pots. Qi. per doz.
PTERIS SERRULATA CRISTATA COWANI, new, in

3-inch pois. 65 per doz, I per doz.

LASTREA ARISTATA VARIEGATA. in 3-inch pots, 4^.
TEA ROSES in vaiiety, a grand stock in s-inch pots, 125. per

doz. ; 7-inch pots, 24J'., 30,1,, ar,d 36J. per doz.
GRAPE VINES in fiuit, with six and seven bunches on each

plant. 125. 6rf. and J55. each; for fruiting in pots or

planting Vineries, 5^., -js. 6d., los. €d., and lai 6rf.

each, according to sirength. Slock in grand condition.
Plants sent to compensate for carriage. The usual allowance
to the Trade. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Gatston.

''PHE NEW YELLOW R O S eT

J- ■ HYBRID PERPETUAL,

GLOIRE LYONAISE.-This extraordinary variety is the
finest Ruse ever sent out in the Trade, It has been obtained by
artificial hybridisation of the Rose Mme. Falcot with Baronne de
Roih-child, This variety will be a fioe one for Market purposes.
Ihe Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscription at, per
I Plant, t^s. ; 6 Plants, £^ ; i dozen Plants. £j.

20CO Planis are for disposal, but as already many orders are
subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to
do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon run
out. Diri-ct orders to

L. PAIL LET. Horticulturist and Nurseryman,
Chatenay, Seine. France -Established 1827.

M. L. PAiLLET takes the opportunity of this Advertisement to
offer, at a very low price, more than 70.000 ROSES of every
description— Standards, Half-standards, low budded on Manetti
and Brier rco:s. Fine splendid lot of ROSES on own roots.
i-yr. and 2 yr. transplanted. More than ao.coo MALMAISON
and other good leading sorts are for sale. Also an immense lot of
MANEni STOCKS, LA GRIFFERAYE, and BRIERS,
i-yr and i-yr. transplanted, are offered for sale. Price will be
sent on application.

CATALOGUE, printed in English, also sent on application.

Planting.

WFROMOW AND SONS invite the
• attention of Gentlemen, Builders, Gardeners, and
others, intending planting, to inspect their stock of RHODO-
DENDRONS, TREES. SHRUBS. ROSES, CLIMBERS,
S:c.. which cannot be surpassed. Prices will be found low for
really good stuff, delivered free within 10 miles. Descriptive
CATALOGUE of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, &c.. post-free on appli-
cation, bution Court Nurseiy, Chiswick, London, W.

Branch Nurseries : Houoslow and Acton Green.

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, ihat their
stock of KkUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and .SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personal visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Niu-series. Wandsworth Common, S. W.

FECIAL CHEAP O F F E R.—

ALDER, ASH. BIRCH. ELM. Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (Etislish), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feel ; THORN
QUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet : VEWS, extra strong ; SVCA.
MORES, 1 to 6 (eet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, iM to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to 0 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transolanled.
IVIES in variety. LAURtLS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ,■ LILACS.
- to 5 feet ; RETINOSP0K.\S, in sorts, r to 6 f-et ; English

EWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stufT; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other plaminz,
from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed planis ; Cunnine-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA.
S:c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to

ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nuiserles, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent.

V

^fH. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

0/ ihe finest Bidbs, Roses, Fruit Trees,
Herbaceous Planis, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Trees, and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6j. per do/en.

TULIPS, the best for forciDg, is, and is. 6ci. per dozen, 7s. to
ics. per 100.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, is. 6d. per dozen.

SPIR/EAS. DIELYTRAS. DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLEY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 i"ch pots, to bloom this

season, Qj. and i-zs. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6j. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLAN UMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, lis. and iSf. per dozen,
ERICA?, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian, Ghent, or Mollis),

KOSES, in pots, lot forcing, iSi. and 24J, per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most motJerale puces.
CALCEOLARIAS. HEKBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, laige flowers, if, td per aozen, loJ, per 100,

frcm sioies. In small pots, is. per dozen, acj. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 3S. td. per dozen,
ifij. per 100.

TULIPS, double or single, gt/. and is. per dozen, 5^. and 6s.
per 100.

CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is, 6d. to 2^. 6d. per 100.

NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per
CATALOGUE.
M ordinary varieties, 31. 6d. to SJ. per joo.

WALLFLOWERS, red <r yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS
CANTERHUKY EELl S, SILENE COMPACIA,
P(.)LYaN I HUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of
colours; ARADIS ALPINA. AUERIETIAS. ALYS-
SUM SAXaTILE, in large good pLinis, is perdozen,
JS. per 100 ; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,
IS. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white or rose, 9-/. per dozen, 4r. per ico,
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3?. Sd. perdozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS
for 25^.

CONIFERS, fine plants fcr Window-boxes or Winter bedding,
41. and 6j. per di zeir, 30i- to 50J. per 100.

HERBACFOUS plants. Ihis IS the best season to plant.
12 fine distinct kinds, 3^. ; 50, 12s. 6d ; 100, 30J.

PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year
old, 35. 6d. per dc zen ; 2-jear old, 6s. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS. 51. perdozen.

DELPHINIUMS and P^EONIES. Ss. per dozen,

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs. per dozen.
,, Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen.

LILIES, in fine variety, ^s- and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES-ROSES- our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6^. ; or 4 55, per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to 185. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 7s. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARSand CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c., good trees, 151., iSs. and 24;. perdozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40s. and $os. per 100 : good fruiting trees,

75J. and looJ. per loo ; Maidens, 30*. per loo.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40^., 50^., and 751. per 100.

CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained Morello aod May Duke, 15s., iSs.,
and 245. per dozen

CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, Ss , los. and
i2s. per 100.

RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES in 40 best srrts, strong runners. 3J. per
100; in small pots, I2i els', per ico ; 111 pots for forcing,
25f. per iio ; 500 in len or twenty sorts fur 12S. td.

SHRUBS, Deciduous, i«, and 15J. per tco, good plants.

HEATHS, H.irdy, of sorts lo name, 15^. per 100,

THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts, Standards and Pyra-
mids, SOS. and 7SJ, per 100.

SPIRAEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, loj., 15J. and 20s.
per 100.

AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, fi:c., 6 lo 9 inches,

16s. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 20s. per 100.
THORN QUICKS, 15^. to 301. per icoc, e.\tra well rooled,
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4^. to 12s. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, 50J. to loar. per 100.
CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds. 6j.,9r. and laj. perdoz.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. and gj.

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham,

EIGHT .MILES FROM MANCHESTER,

GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on aopliralion.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

Aquatics.

TV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest Collection o( .^hove in the country, and can supply
Haidy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo showy varieties,
from 50J. jj^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery. Tooting. Surrey. S W.

LILY OF THE VALLEY. — Clumps for
forcinp, the best ever offered, i8r. per dozen.
WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment lor New and
Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

ASPBERRY CANES.—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting.
Lowest cash teims on application to

R. HAlH.Crayford. Kent.

HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420

vaiieties. guatanteed true to name. Oueof the large.U
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaber's
seleciion, 2S. 6d. per doien, i6s. per loo ; cuitings. is. td. per
dozen. 101. per loo : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For ihe new
English af>d Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Essay nn Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERlr^GTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

Roses, &c

W GROVE, Nurseryman, Hereford,
• offers plants of fine quality, inducing A. K. Williams
and other special and selected, ^of , 40f. and 50J per 100. FIR,
Scotch, extra transplanted, 3J'2 to 6 feet; do. Spruce, good, 2
to 8 feet; OAK, 2 to 6 feet : PRIVET, 3 to 4 feet ; do. Ovali-
fo'ium, 2 to -iYi feet: PINF,. Austrian, 1,% to 8 feet ; Silver
FIR, ij^ to 3 feet. Special Trade Price upon application.

Choice Vegetable and Melon Seeds.

R GILBERT'S Productions are all stamped
• with the Hall-mai k of Superority commonly called
First-class Ceft.ficates. CHOU T>E BUKGHLEY, li. 6/ per
packet; UNIVERSAL SAVOY, 2s. td per packet ; GIL-
BERTS HURGHLEVPETMELON, which doe^ nut canker.
3 yeur old seeds, -is td. per packet. Trade supplied on liberal
lejms. — Ap,,lv toR. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
Stamps wi-h O'drr, Post-free.

13 ASPBERRY CANES.— A large number of

-'-^ the c-lebrated Carter's Prolific {steAfari Lane Express,

August r, 18841, to dispose of; also Naples Black CURRANTS,

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apply to

A. AND E. BATH. CoUates Farm. SevenoaVs. Kent

FERNS.— Choice, Rare and Useful Gooti
sturdy, healthy tiid beautiful plants ; —
ADIANTUM CUNKA1UM,2os per lOO.
„ GKACILLIMUM, 311. per .00.
„ INTERMEDIUM. 2CS per 100.
„ LATHOMIl. 175. nerd. ztn.
„ MACR"FHYLI.UM. 25s. per 100.
„ RHf)MB<lIDEUiM,20j. per 100.
., VlCroRIJE, 9J . I2J., i8j., perdozen.
DICKSONIA AN I ARCTICA, 251. per 100.
DAVaLMA TENUIFOI lA STKICTA. 25J. per too.
GONIDPHLEHIUM SUBAURICULA 1 UM. 501. per 100.
NEPHKODIUM MOLLECORVMBir£RUM,25J. perico,

,. SANi;WEI LIl, 7W per 100.
ONYCHiUvl AUUAIUM, amost lovely and extremely rare

species 755. per \no.
PKLERODIUM AUREUM, 23J. per 100.
PTERIG ARGYREA(beautiinl stuff), i6j. per 103,
SELAGINEI.LA GRANDIS(new), I2j, perdozen.
,, CANALICULATA(newl, 30s, perdozen,
,, MAKTENSII, i6<. per too.

Special LIST of other varieties on application.

W. & J. BIRKESHEAD.

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

LIVIA IMANTOPHYLLUM

with lirge fliwers : —
BEST SEEDLINGS, i-yr„ 6oj. per too.

,. n 2-yr.. 1205. per too
PLANTS ABLE TO FLOWER, 2401. per too.
VERY STROSG PLANTS. 4005, per too.
Apply f.ir soecial price LIST to.
ED. PYNAERT. Ghent, Belgium.

To tlie Trade

CUCUMBER SEEDS,— TentJer and True
and Telegraph, of our own saving. Carefully selected
stocks which we can ofiFer with ci,nfidence. Price on application.
GEO, COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.

WEET-SCENTED RHODODENDRONS

and AZALEAS.
HARDY RHODODENDRONS, choice named kinds.
AZALEA MOLLIS, Seedlings, well budded.
LILIUM AURATUM, home-grown.
CAMELLIAS, large, well budded,
DAPHNE INDICA RUBRA, fine.
The above are offered at low prices. See CATALOGUE,
which will be forwarded on application.

c

ISAAC DAVIES & SON,

NURSERYMEN, ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

To tlie Trade Only,

FERNS — FERNS — FERNS.
Adiantum cuneatum, A. trapeziforms. A, gracillimum,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata. Pleris serrulata
ciistata Cowari, P, serrulata ; nice plants in 6d's, 2or. per 100,

Adiantum cuneatum. A, gracillimum, A trapeziforme. in 4 and
454 inch pots, 40J. to 50!. per too. accoiding to size; Adiantum
Pacotti, in 6o's, 301. per too ; ditto, in 4 and ^\i inch pots, 501.

'"the LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Ool>n
Cowan). Limited, The Vineyaidj and Nurseries, Glrston,
Liverpool.

6l2

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

NEW RASPBEKBY,

BA.TJMFORTH»S SEEBLING.

In offering my NEW RASPBERRY for the fifth
season, it is very gratifying to learn from the numerous
reports, that it has so well eirned the high opinion I
formed for its rare qualities at the time of introduction,
and I have now no hesitation in saying, from the great
and increasing demand made for it each season, that it is
surely establishing a reputation as the leading and
favourite variety of Raspberries by both Market and
Gentlemen's Gardeners.

Extract from the '' G.udeners^ Chrcnide,"
March i, iZii,, p. 280
"Planters of Raspberries should not omit to_ obtain this
excellent sort, and when once they have given it a fair trial
they wi'l plant it in quantity. It has the character of being
an excellent bearer, in good seasons bringing a fair second crop
of fruit to maturiiy. The plant is vigorous carries stnut dark
green foliage, and large broad pipped dark crimson fruit. It is
muLjh valued on the strong loamy soils of Bucks,"

The long-continued drought of the past season has
b»^en very unfavourable for the growth of the young
Canes. But my stock, being all transplanted, have made
the best possible fibrous root-growth, with tlioroughly
well ripened Canes.

Early Orders are respectfully solicited.
PRICE.
Plantine Canes .. .. 205. per loa, 31. &d. per dozen.
Fruitirg Canes . . . . 30T. „ 51. od. ,,

EDMPND PHILIP DIXON. HTTLL.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS.

Pheasant-eyed NARCISS.

Double While Sweet-scented NARCISS.

Campernelle JONQUILS.

Double Incomparabilis NARCISS.

Bifloms NARCISS.

LILY OF THE VALLEY, fine German
Crowns, splendid size.
For Prices of above and many other varieties of Narciss, also
Hyacinths, Tulins. Crocus, and all Dutch. English, and French
Bulbs, see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.
Special Prices for Lar^e Quj7itities.

ROSES. A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK. SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY " FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nation?, Paionies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CATALOGUE of the above and many olher
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. "WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

SPECIALITIES for AUTUMN, 1884

ROSES.

Over Half a Million Dwarf, Hybrid Perpetual,
Tea-scented, Noisette, and other varieties, on
Manetti, Seedling Brier and own roots ; Stand-
ards, Half-standards, and Dwarf Standards,
comprising all the leading kinds. Extra strong
Roses, in pots, for Forcing purposes.

FRUIT TREES.

Thousands of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, &c,, including
all the most desirable varieties, trained in every
variety of form. A large Collection also in
pots for Orchard-houses.

FOREST TREES.

Millions of extra-transplanted Larch, Scotch,
Spruce, Ash, Chestnut, Oak, Sycamore, Beech,
Poplar, Hazel, Alder, &c. Hawthorn Quick, for
hedging.

CONIFER..^:.

Cedrus Deodara, Cupressus Lawsoniana, in
variety, Thuia gigantea, Thuia Lobbii, Picea
lasiocarpa, Picea Nordmanniana, and all other
varieties worthy of cultivation.
FLOWERING & ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS
IN GREAT VARIETY.

Descriptive CATALOGUES on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Boses for Removal In

November. P" dor.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and 21^

Half- standards ,, , i5*- .. *8i.

Dwarfi .. ., J. •• 9^- .. i"-

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growtK, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We are the Original Introducers and Sole Agents oJ
mr. Harris In England for tills Grand Lily.

Wehave just received our Consignments, and find the Bulbs
very good, larijer than last year, and in capital sound conduion.
This grand Lily has been pronounced by all the practical men
who have grown it to be ihe finest introduction for many year?.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 3 to 3 stalks
during the season m succession. Flowers pure white, long
narrow trumpet-shaped, and recommended for forcing.

For Price of this and many other varieties of Lihes and o'her
Flower Roots see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON.

SEED AND BULB MERCHANT.^. EXETER STREET,

STRAND. W.C.

PampUet orv cCbcvc Post FreC'-

ACRES,

FORTY

Opna-

musT ac

Forest

Priced Catalogues .PosLFree.
Vow Crawley , %3 Sussex.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM

SPAWN. — Too well known to require

description. Price 65. per bushel

(ij. extra per bushel fqr package), or

td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-

:.i;es and printed cultural directions

enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON

(Limired), Nurser\tnen and Seed

Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

Kent: The Garden of England.

{Registered.)

300,000 Trees to select from.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

COLD MEDAL STRAIN from rur Prize Plants.

New crop now hatvesled. Sealed packets.
CHDICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
»/6 per pack' t ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
vaiieties, s/6 and ^/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, lanamed varieties, separate, 7/6
6 named varieties, separate, .(/-
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

Every plant is well-grown, and my StandartJ,
Half-Standard, and Dwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever offered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

FRANK CANT,

THE MILE END NURSERIES, COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 1st Prizes for Roses. " No Con-
nection With any other Person of the same Mame

ANTH'oTy WATERER^

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 to-^
,, lauiifolia, ditto. [lu feci high.

,, Hodgins', 3, <, 5 to 8 feet.

,, mynifolia, ditto. )-many thousands.

„ Scotiica, 3 to 3 feet.
„ Vellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 lo loft.j
„ Wateier's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and' 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet

ill circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o(

beautiiul specimens.
„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to fiiteeo years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Green and Vaiiegated. 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many ihou&atds.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to lo icct, thousand';.

,, Golden, ol all sizes up to 10 leet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in pt.int
of variety and size uiu quailed.
,. Irish, c lo 10 feel, hundreus. thousand-;.

CUPKbSbUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 5, 4. 5. 6 10 8 feet,
,, Lawsoniana lulea, 3, 4, and 5 ftet, huudrcds of Leauiiful
specimens.
THUIOPbIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8. to

10 feet. The plants are covered wiih buds,
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3. 4. and

5 feet high, thousands,
JUNIPERS, Ctiine£.e, 7, 8, and lo feet high.

., Chinese Golden. ^ to 6 fett.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 leet. hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 fcei, thousands.
„ ,. GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
,, ORIENTALlS, 4, 5, 6 to lofect, hundreds.
„ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet.
„ PAkKVANA GLAUCA. 1% to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 leai, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARHA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 103 feel, hui.dreds.
,, NOB'LIS. i'/^ to3 leet, thousands.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to 10 feet.
,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
,, PUNGENS, 1'/:' to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEM BRA. 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundie^'s.
,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 ftet.
THUIA OCCICENTALIS LUTEA, 7. to 6 ftet, hundreds.
THLJIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hunc'reds.
RETIN03P0RA0BTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 leet, hundreds.
,, PISIFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 fett.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman'a Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for

NOBLE'S NURSERY.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEA.CONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. 1883.
Strong Canes, ijt. per.dozen, jf 5 51. per 100. Usual allow-
ance to the Trade A. FAULKNOE,

INKPEN, HUNGKR FORD.

LlLlUM AURATUM,

HOME-GROWN BULUS,

As exhiliiled I'y u> at the Royal HoiticuUural Socieiy's
Show, Soulh Ktnsii.ctoi., Ociobec M, 15. aid >1>. when wc
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for th<m, the bulbs
beinu acknowledeed " splendid." Se.^ all Gardeuiija P.lpers in
October (or comments. Mr. W. Patekson. Hea.t Gar.ienir to
H M. the Queen. saj's:—"A splendid sample." HomcOrowii,
IS. 6rf , 2J.. -is. 6</ . and ?s 6{i. each : imported, 9ir., ts , li. 6*/ ,
^lid ^s each, and from 6s per dozen.

For a fi.^ collection of LILIES and olher bULBS s«
CATALOGUE, free on application.

COLLINS BROS. & GABRIEL,
Bulb Growers and Impoitcrs. ^0. Waterloo Road. London, S.E.

Lstlng's
Dutch
Bolba.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of uneqiuilled quality.
Free by Parcels I'osl or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers ol
HYACINTHS. TULIPS. NARCISSUS. CRO-
CUS, &c, 10/6. 15/-. 21/-, as/-, 30/-, and 4?/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

November ij, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

613

Prices of Alpine Plants.

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, of Altlengbach,
Lower Austria, offers : — HELLEBORUS NIGER
(Christmas Roses) splendid strong roots, at 26f . per icoo ;
CYCLAMEN EURdPjEUM, frrm ist. to i^t. oer loco ;
VEKATRUM ALBUM. 4S-M>er looo; NARCISSUS POE-
TICUS, 131. per 1030: LEUCOJUM VERNUM. 131. per
1000; 33 assorted FERNS, in a collection of the most saleable
sorts, highly ornamental, Soj. per icoo.

SPECIAL OFFER

OKNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,

ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK,

Goldworth "Old" Nursery,

WOKING, SURREY.

'^

THE OLD ESTABLISHED
NURSERY, SEED&mPLENiENT BUSINESS

^-^UALITY VARIETY & KXTENF^S^
Ar J FOREST • FRUIT -X:^

•< i ALL OTHER >-*

•^FX TRFFS i PLANTS/ 4-

^^c^t'-^^ost^^Hes?'^

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

jAMESDiCksOK&SONS

"NEWTON'NURSERIES
— CHESTER- —

-m^i

^&^rL^ d7i& <S!ee^

OUR COLLECTION and DISPLAY
is admitted by the best authorities to be very much the
finest and most complete, the most practical and interesting
ever existed. The day our plants are out of blnom they are cut
down and brought near the glass ; in fact, everything that can be
done so as to have the cuttings in the be^t possible condition
for strikiDg will be carried out to ensure good plants for next
season. All warranted true to name. Our stock is immense,
and we have every facility for rapid dispatch r^i orders. For
fjU and every particular of new varieties, Sic , see ours —
the best, the mo^-t complete and correct work and Catalogue
e.-er printed, post-free.

PLANTS, 6d. each, 53. per dozen, in pot and bud.

Plenty of CUTTINGS, our selection.

100 Splendid Varieties, our selection, for 30a.

600 „ „ £7

Cuttings, perfectly dean and free from soot and dirt, and cannot

fail to succeed. Is. 6d. doz.. lOs. 100 ; 600, our selection,

all distinct and good. £2 lOs.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

T'ttfe+tomTr^tFi-WERBl

SE A K A L E, for Forcing ; VINES;
PEACHES »nd NECTARINES in pois-fmiting trees ;
Divarf Maiden FRUIT TREES, Dwarf ROSES. LIST on
applicatijn.

WILL. TAYLER, O-born Nursery. Hampton. Middlese.v.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN AND SONS
offer their choice strain of the above Intermediate Stocks
ill fivectlours, Scadet, Purple, White, Crimson, and Snow*
white, viall-Ieaved, in packets, is.,ss. 6J. xnd 55. each colour.
Price to the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street. Edinburgh.

ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti. fine, 231. per 100, /lo loj. per
icoo; 200,000 ASPARAGUS, Giant and Connover's, z-yr, loj.,
fine; 3-yr. very fine. 151.; 4-yr., extra, aoj.— all at per looo.
MANETTI STOCKS, strong, for immediate working, 30J. per
looo. Cash with all orders. The best money can buy.

R. LOCKE. Royal Rose Farms. Red Hill. Surrey.

TREES, SHRU BS, FRUITS, and
YUCCAS— Pyrus Maulei, this very beautiful scarlet
flowering, and golden fruiting, hardy shrub, so much admired
and highly spoken of as grown at Kew Gardens: see Gardeners'
Chrcnicle, Nov. 1, p. 562. Price of plants, \s. td. and is. 6J.
each. Rhcdodendrons, Azaleas. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
Elms. Oaks, Limes, Chestnuts. Poplars. Forest Trees of sorts,
Fox and Game Covert — Furze, los. 6^. per 1000; Broom, 3or. per
1000; Bitter Willows, 251. per 1000 ; Evergreen Privet, 30J. to
401. per 1C03 ; Spruce t'irs, 55., lor , 15J. per ico J Laurels,
SOS., T,os., 4or. per 100 ; Tutson, loj. per 100 ; Yuccas, of sorts,
line pL^uts, 2S. 6d. each, 24J, per dozen ; Standard Apple Trees,
7^s. per dozen. ,^7 loi. per 100.

Priced LISTS of each on application.
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol.

FECIAL OFFER O^

NURSERY STOCK.
LAURELS, Common, strong i-yr. cuttings, 15J. per loco.
,, extra transplanted, bushy, 1% to 2 feet, 100s. per 1000 ;
2 to 3 feet, do., 140J. per 1000.
EUONYMUS. Green, extra transplanted, bushy, ij^ lo 2 feet,

255. per 100.
PRIVET. Evergreen, strong, for cover, 3 to 5 eet, 3W. to 401.

per IC03.
OAKS. English, extra fine and straight, 3 to 4 feet, soj. per

loco ; 4 to 5 feet, do , lor. per 100.
SYCAMORES and ALDERS, 4 to 6 feet, 4M. to 505. per 1000.
CHESTNUTS. Horse, fine avenue trees, 10 to 16 feet, izj. to
30J, per dozen.
A. CATALOGUE of General '..Nursery Stock post-free on
application.

R. TUCKER, The Nurseries. Faringdon, Berks.

CABBAGE PLANTS.— Early Rainham and
Enfield Market, is. 6d. per 1000, best stock in the coun-
try ; Connover's Colossal ASPARAGUS ROOTS, fine, s-yr.,
2QJ. per 10:0; 2-yr. ditto, 14^. per looo ; SEAKALE, for forc-
ing, splendid crowns, lot. per 100; best Sovereign RHUBARB
ROOTS, earliest in cultivation, for forcing, 6s. per dozen. ; for
planting out, 2S. per dozen. Terms cash.

RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade.

A NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,

-i^i- France, the largest and richest io Europe m Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS.
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, via Honfleur, about 2s. 6d. per 100 lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
9^, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

OR SALE, Twelve large CAMELLIAS

and Fourteen AZALEAS, clean and well set with buds.
For price, &c., apply to

S. DANIEL, Gardener, Elsham House, Grantham.

TREE CARNATIONS.

All the leading varieties coming into bloom.
List of Sorts and Price on application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

pill pQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle.
U U L D O Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ''"'"^^•4^!'^'='°"°-

STANDARDS, 155. per dozen. 1051. per ico.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.

rnUI lu \/t* 3,CrGS/ and kind of tree at low prices.

CONIFERS,

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) S^e'^^^^I

TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8i. per dozen, soj.
per too), FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'v'^^'lf

FORCING, &c., I5J. to 36J. per dozen. '

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4s. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES foVcrN?„'zS.?<;,-.-'-

WIMFQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V 1 1 1 LO 3J. 6d. to tos. 6d. each.

WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
and DOUBLE, 12s. to 24^-. per dozen.

CLEMATIS

T/iree Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

GANGSTER'S Improveti No. i PEAS.—

>^ Offers from the Trade requested f'^r the produce of about
5 acres, now in rick and in splendid condii inn. Samples on appli-
cation JOHN STEVEN^, The Nursrries, Coven<rv.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

J— J Bulbs. Ss . gs., izs , iZs., and 345. per dozen ; extra
strong, 301. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Lily of the VaUey. ~

ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Liibeck, near
Hamburgh, offer the above, 3-years old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34J. per 1000, three months terms. Terms for cash on
application.

Roses, Dwarf and Standard.
TJAHDERand POST can still supply many

-*- ^ thousands, very strong, of the above, on Seedling Brier.

STANDARD ROSES, in 300 sorts of Tea, Noisette, Bour-
bon, and Hybrid Remontants— 8000 pieces, first quality, at /60
per 1000.

DWARF ROSES-Teas,

Alba rosea, 600
Adrienne Christophle, 2cx)
Belle Lyonnaise, 400
Duchesse Mathilde, 400
Madame Berard, 300
Mdlle. Francesca Truger Ni-

phetos, 400
Madame Falcot, 200

1C03 pieces, £21 ;

Mar(?chal Niel, 1000
Marie Van Houtte, 400
Perle de Lyon, 250
Perle des Jardins, 700
Gloire de Dijon, laoo
Beaut^ de I'Europ?, 200
Etoile de Lyon, ico

100 pieces, £2 icu.

Hybrid Remontant and Bourbon.

Souvenir de la Malmaison, 1000

La France, looo

Giatfral Jacqueminot, 1000

Mrs. Bosanquet, 500

Captain Christy, 600

Paul Ntfron, 500

Marie Baumann, 600

Prince Camille de Rohan
Madame Nomann, 300
Baronne de Rothschild, 200
Duck of Teck, 203
Cheshunt Hybrid, 150
Magna Charta, ico
Dr. Andry, 400

1000 pieces, £1$ ; 100 pieces, £1 131.
Nursery— The Lelie, Hoogeveen, Netherlands.

PPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,

2s. 6d. per sack ; 30 ditto, sj. gd. ; ao ditto, 31. 6d \
5 ditto, 4J. 6d. ; sacks 6d. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards,
us. per yard. For Rhododendron* and common purposes, 14J.
per ton, not less than 4 tons ; sample sack, 2s. 6d.

LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c.
See Special List, also for the Trade.

100,000 LARCH, stout transplanted, 18 inches to 3 feet : ditto
Scotch, 18 inches to 2 feet. FIR, Spruce, handsome, bushv, la
toiSinches. Sample bundles of 100. 31. ROSES, Standara and
Half- Standard, of new and leading kmds, 751. per 100.
Ringwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

4^. per bushel ; loo for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons),
ios. ; 4-bu5hel bags, 4fZ. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6J. per sack
5 sacks, 25J. ; sacks. ^. each-

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks im. ; sacks,
4^/. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. grf. per bushel: 151. per half
ton. 26s. per ton ; in 3-bushel bags. 4//. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, rj. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. 6J. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. Write for Fre«
Price LIST.— H. 0. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, 15. each ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, 17^. ;
30 sacks. 25J. ; 40 sacks, 30J. ; truckload, loose, 25^-. AH goods
free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige. —J. STEVENS
AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard, and 153, High Street, Batter-
sea, S.W. Established 1872.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, is. yi. per
sack ; 10 for izj., 15 for 17^,, 30 for 30J. : all sacks included.
Trucks (loose), 33J. Selected Brown Fibrous Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22J. €d. Black Fibrous Peat, 4.1. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for
20J. ; sacks 4^. each. Coarse Silver Sand, is. 6d. per bushel,
255. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-
Mould, each at ir. per bushel. Chemical MANURES. Fresh
Sphagnum, 6s. per sack. Garden Sticks and Labels. Russia
Mats, &C. Tobacco Cloth and Paper, best in the market ; Cloth,
Sd. per lb. ; Speciality Paper, imported solely by us, lod. per
lb., aSlb. 2if. Shading materials of all kinds. Write for Price
LIST. — W. HERBERT AND CO.. The Hop Exchange
Warehouses, Southwark Sthest, London, S.E,, late
19, New Broad Street, E.C.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mhdals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included).

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4* 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20J.

PEAT, best black fibrous ..3S.6d. ,, 5 sacks for 15^.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5s. od. ,,

LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . "V

PREPARED COMPOST.bestf^ „„ K„=k ^.,.1,. • \ a a\

LEAF MOULD, best only .. f "" P'^'^ ^"'^- ^^^^^^ included.)

PEAT MOULD „ .. )

SILVER SAND, coarse, is. -^d. per bush., zis. half-ton, 22j.ton

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8t/. per Ih.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. Zd. lb., 28 lb. i8f.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Sp^ctalil^) Zd. lb., 28 lb. i8f.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milllrack.. 51. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., 6s. per sack.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gj, ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, \-js. \
30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
3or. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order,

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MO-WALL, LONDON, ^

6i4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

SUTTON'S BULBS.-Sutton'a choice
Named Hyacintns for Pots and Glasses,

6j., 9J., and i2f. ter dozen.

SUTTON'S BULBS -Sutton's Hyacinths

in Various Shades of Colour, for Beading.

Single Bine, per dozen, 2i. 9/. ; per 100. 2cj.
Sincle Red, Double R^d J ptr dozen. 3J.

Double Blue and Double White S per lOO 221. dd.
Single White, per dozen, 35. 6(/. ; pei 100, 25J.
All CoIou>5, m.xed, J do2en, y. ; per 100, 321. 6rf.
Single or Double J '^ . -> > ^

SUTTON'S BULBS.-Sutton's special
Selections of Tulips for Simultaneous Flowering.

1st Eaily. Single varieties \ j^ ^^^\^^^ coloui

zd

_ ",, '-■ . ;- per dozen, \s.bd.

Double varieties I *^ - ■

■- per uuzcii, ij.u".

^ I per 100, 105. 6rf.

SUTTON'S BULBS.-Sutton's Polyan-
thus Narcissus.

Collections ol Choice Named Varieties.
100 in iz choice sons, 25*. I 25 in 12 choice sorts, 7/6
50 in 12 „ J4J. )i2iiii2 ,, 45.

Fine mixed, per dozen -zs., per 100, 15J.

SUTTON'S BULBS— Sutton's choice
Garden Narcissus.

td, to 2i. 6d. per dozen : 31. ^d. to 17J. 6(/. per too.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— Sutton's Supert
Named Crocus.

loco in 25 choice sorts. 35J. j ico in 10 choice sorts. 45.
500 in 25 ,, iSi 50 in 10 ,, 2s.

250 in 25 ,, gs. I 24 in 4 „ u.

I I

203. Value Carriage Free-

5 per Cent. Discount for Cash.

I I

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE for 1884,

containing complete Culiural Instructions, may be
had, Gratis and Po:t'Free, on application.

THE

QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
BEADING, BEBKS.

; iH'MI'cAU ORNAMENTAL TREES, \

' f^^^^\^^^^\ EVERGREENS & Cover Plants, E

'< StAmmm ''^°^'^^' '

;f^tj — ^^'' ' 1~-vI^And allotherTrees&Plants^

'.ij '. Zrc/t^Mj :gf • t

'VVTBrfTKW? SPLENDID QUALITY, t
- V\H4^/'7 ' • [

3 ^^^' \\lfl \ y^/ Pro'toiaiied by ciifyyoue" Unequalled." C

\ ^^v\^J''^^y Nurseries 200 Acres. E

\ T>eli;iblcnlti)ttiig. Address in full — [

I Jf. c^(g.®icReonc^ ^on0[

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, \

^^ Cbeotcr. -^^^— [

ROSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice
Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for lis.: pur-
chaser's seleciion from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards. 21J.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

RHUBARB, VICTORIA.— A large quantity
of good Roots to dispose of.
IRELAND AND THOMSON, Seed Warehouse, ao,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh,

ARE and BEAUTIFUL LILIES

at loiv prices.
L. DALMATICUM, the black Martagon, one of the most
striking and at the same time Iree growing ; two sizes,
1$. 6d. and ■:>s. 6d. each.
Ij. CARNIOLICUM. the orange-scarlet Martagon, a rare

beauty, two -.izes. is. arid i,r. fd. each.
L CANAUENSE RUBRUM.au ■'aristocratic" beauty, ir.

and 15 f'd each,
L. HARRISII, ihe huest white Tiumpet fl )wer, for pots, in

existence ; ihree sizes, is., ts td and 2i. td. each.
L. LONGl FIA>KUM, splendid white Trumpet, flagrant, and

very h »rdy, dt. each.
L, AURaI UM, g'jideu rayed Lily of Japan, three size?, grf.,
iS. and li, dd. each.
All common varieties in stock. See CATALOGUE,
35 per cent, discount when six of one kind are taken. AH
carriage free. Now is the best time to plant.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

SPECIAL NOTICE

TO THE TRADE.

B. 8. WILLIAMS'

Seed Novelties for 1885,

NOW OFFERED FOR THE FIRST IIME:-

SALVIA BLUE BEARD (New).

A very handsome hardy Annual, growing about 18 inches
high, of free branching habit, with square stems and Sage-
like leaves. The spikes are furnished at the apex with a
number of brilliant deep ir.auve- purple bracts, which give to
the plant a most unique appearance. The flawers are pro-
duced in a series of whorls, are small, labiate shaped, of a
bright purplish colour, with lower lip white. Suitable for
larj;e beds and border*, in which it has a very effective
appearance. Sow in February. Sold only in sealed packets
beating my trade mark.

Per packet, Ref.iil, is. 6d.

TOMATO. WILLIAMS' GOLDEN QUEEN (New)
A vety laige, haiK.s me fru t, of a lich Ocep gi.lden-j elluw
colour, slighily ribbed, with smo 'th skin, i his is \*iihout
exception ihe finest and richest coloured of all the yellow
secucn, producing Iruit as large as the red varieties. It 15
veiy proline, and for cul^na-y purposes is equal to any of
the ted forms. I have every confidence in recommending
this beautiful and useful vaiietv, and feel convinced that it
will become a popular favourite. Awarded a First-class
Certificate by the Royal Huriicultural Society. Sold only
in sealed packets b:;aring my trade mark.

Per packet. Retail, ss. 6d,

TOMATO, WILLIAMS' RED KING (New).

A vrry dee cropper, liuit laige and slighily sutured,
smooth and even outline, rich crimson colour, flesh solid and
of excellent flavour. Strongly recommended as a most
valuable and ^e^viceabIe vaiiety. bold only in sealed
packets beating my trade mark.

Per packet. Retail, is. 6d.

SPECIALITIES FOR 1885.

AMARYLLIS.
I have this year harvested a quantity of seed of this
popular plant fr m the best varieties of my unrivalled col-
lection, which was carefully hybridised and from which
varieties of merit entirely new may be expected.
Per Packet, Retail, is. 6d,

FRANCOA RAMOSA

A beautiful herbaceous perennidl. pruducing its flowers,
which are of a pure white colour, in great profusion, on erect
racemes, from 3 to 4 feet high, very useful f -r cut flower,
and of easy culiivation. When cultivated in frames or
greenhouses it is unrivalled for its decorative qualities.
Per Packet, Retail, js.

CHRYSANTHEMUM FRUTESCENS GRANDIFLORA

Ihe Lakge tLuwEKiNc White Marguekite
An improved form of the French Marguerite; excellent
for beddinz. Its large white blooms are very useful for
cutting, and are used extensively for this purpose in
Covent Garden Market. Per Packet, Retail, is.

CHRYSANTHEMUM FRUTESCENS,

WHITE PARIS DAISY.

Per Packet, Retail, u.

LUCULIA GRATISSIMA.
Fresh seed of this giand nld ilmt, which is one of our
finest Conservatory and Greenhouse plants. It flowers
during ihe winter monihs when barely 12 inches. 'Ihe
blooms are produced in a large cyme, and are bright pink or
rose-coloured, dellghtiully fragrant, and admirjbly adapted
for cutting purposes, Per packt t. Retail, is. 6d.

TOMATO. WILLIAMS' NE PLUS ULTRA
This new and valuable variety is one ot the finest and best
ever introduced It is a very vigorous grower, and pro-
auces a heavy crop cf handsome fruit, which is vcy even,
and attains a large size. F'ruit of this variety has been
cut which weighed over 20 rz The skin is very smooth,
atid the flesh SLilid, oi fine flavour, and deeper in colour than
any oyher variety. It is sure to commend itself to Horti-
culturisis on account of its surpa-sing merits. Sold only in
sealed packets bearing my trade mark. Per packet, is. 6d.

Special Prices to the Trade ou application.

VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOVVAY, LONDON, N.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

The Old Established and Celebrated

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

WIKNER of tbe CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL
EOSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS lu SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid

plants ever seen.

CATALOGUES post-free, on appUoatlon.

"(fc

BOXES"oF BULBS.

Unequalled for Q,uality and
Cheapness.

For Conservatory and Window Decoration,

No. I. — Carters' Box of 800 .. price 84J.

No. 2. — Carters' Box of 600 .. price 631.

No. 3.— Carters' Box of 450 .. price 42J.

No, 4.— Carters' Box of 250 .. price aij.

No. 5.— Carters' Bo.\ of 125 . . price 10/6

Send {%Qi.
P. 0.0. 60J.
or \ 40s.
Cheque ic

t

for

I lOJ.

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Sraiion in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

V-^ for Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation.
No. 6.— Carters' Box of 2cqo .. price 841. \ Send
No. 7.— Carters* Box of 15C0 .. piice 63*. P.O.O.
No. 8. — Carters' Bo.\ of loco . . price 421. Y or
No. 9 —Carters' Box of yco .. price 31/6 Cheque
No. 10.— Carters' Box of 350 .. price 151.; for

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

/■83J,

60J.
40J.

30J
'4 '3

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in the Open Gkound.
No. II — Carters' Bex of 2250 .. price 841. \ Send fSoj.
No. 12. — Carters' Box of 1S50 .. price 631. Cheque 6oi.
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250 .. price ^7S. h or K ^oi.
No. 14 —Callers* Box of 650 .. price 211. P.O O. 20J
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300 .. priceic/6l for ^ toj.

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Eoyal Command to H.R.E. the

Prince of Wales,

237
238)

High Holborn, London, W.C.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

M Y

TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.

One is devoted exclusively to NARClSbUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Gtiide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c, and
aquantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

T H0MA3 S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over taoo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price iB,), containing 75 Illustra-
tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable *' Hmts on Fera
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE. MANCHESTER.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES,

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

rke Illmtrattd and Dtscriptivr CAT ALOCUE k/ FRUIT

foit-frrt.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

^ A S~P E C I A L I T^7^

Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.'

A superb Collection of all the Iciding Varieties in Cultiva-
tion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PON 11-
CUM and HYBRIDS for PUntations and Cuverts.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30J.

These plant--, being thus prepared, may be grown in any
ordinary fihrnus loam, without the expensive addition of peat
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

November i$, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

615

PAULS' NURSERIES,

WALTHAM CEOSS.

. PAUL & SON

Respectfully invite attention to the following
SPECIALITIES : —

PAULS' -Bulbs -WALTHAM CROSS.

HYACINTHS' or pots and glasses,
from 45. per dozen.
,, for borders, from ati per 100.
,1 Roman, for early forcing, 35. ta,
per dozen, i6r. per 100.
TULIPS for pots, from u. per doz.

,, ,, borders, from 4^. td, p, 100.
POLYANTHUS NARCISS, from

IS, per dozen.
CROCUS, from \s. td. per 100.
SNOWDROPS, double and single,
us. 6d. per 100.
Border NARCISSI, JONQUILS.
ANEMONES. RANUNCULUS-
ES, LILIES, GLAHIOT T, LILY
of the VALLEY. SPIR^\S, &c,
chcapandgood. SeeCATALOGUE.

PAULS'-Roses-WALTHAM CROSS.

STANDARDS

from 1 w. dox.

DWARF STANDARDS.. loj. ..

DWARFS ..

„ fi- ,.

CLIMBING..

.. 6s. „

FORCING, inrols..

It »'^' »

NEW VARIETIES

i> 31S. „

SPECIMENS

„ 5J each

The Rosif Garden, by Wra Paul,
F.L.S.. Sth edition, with plates, 21J.
The same without plates, \os. hd.
The Rese Annual, with plates, six
parts. 41. each. Roses in Pots, 5th
edition. 2J. Roses and Rose Culture,
Sth edition, is.

PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROSS.

The largest and finest stock in
Europe. Good plants, from air. per
dozen ; specimens ftom i to 30 gs.
each.

AZALEAS. Winter - blooming
HEATHS, EPACBI^ES, GAR-
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS.
LAPAGERIAS. and other STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS — a

choice collection.

PAULS' - Trees - WALTHAM CROSS.

PLANES. LIMES.and
other AVENUE and
PARK TREES . . from isi. doz.

WEEPING TREES ,

. 15*. „

FLOWERING

SHRUBS

30J. ICO

EVERGREEN .. ,

PICTORIALTREES ,

Ci. "

RHODODEN-

DRONS, Seed-

Imgs .. .. ,

1 2S». .,

,. named sorts .. ,

l8r. doz.

CLIMBINGPLANTS ,

95- ..

Planting done hy Estimate cr

Contract.

PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS.

of every description, of the first
quality, and low id price.

VEGETABLE SEEDS for
autumn sowing ; — PEAS. BEANS,
CABBAGE, CAULIFLOWER,
CARROT, CRESS, CUCUMBER,
ENDIVE, LETTUCE, MUS-
TARD. ONION, RADISH,
SPINACH. TURNIP, &c.
FLOWER SEEDS, various, for
autumn sowing:— CINERARIA,
CALCEOLARIA. PRIMULA.
CYCLAMEN, &c. The finest
floristi' strains always on sate.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, 51 per
bu.sh. MATS, KNIVtS. GLOVES,
TOOLS, and every garden requisite.

PAULS'-Fruitlrees-WALTHAM CROSS.

APPLES, PEARS. CHERRIES,

PLUMS, Standards, from 25s. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 125. ,,

,, Dwarftrained ,, 24^. .,

APRICOTS. PEACHESani NEC-
TARINES, Dwarf-trained,
from 42J. per dozen.
,, Standard-trained, lor. 6(/. each.

GRAPE VINES. 2s 6rf. to loj. W.

FIGS. z.r. 6/. tn 31. 6rf. each. [each.

RASPBERRIES, from 11s. id.

from

6d.

per 100.
FILBERTS, from 6s. per r'ozen.
CURRANTS and GOOSE-
BERRIES, from 3i. p. doz.
IS" Full DeseHftive and Priced CAT/ILOGUES wll be
/ofwa*ded. Post-free, on application. Special and Reduced
Prtcei -wture large quantities are required. Inspection invited.

WM. PAUL & SON,

WALTHAM CROSS, N.

TO THE HORTICULTURISTS

AND OARBENEBS

or

GREAT BRITAIN.

Gardeners' Royal

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

Augmentation of Pension Fund,

Only ^420 are required to in-
crease the Pension to £20 per year.

This aniotint (^420) imist be col-
lected before December 31, or the
Instituiio7i will lose the ^500 pj'o-
mised oti these co7iditions by an
anonymotis donor.

An earnest appeal is therefore
made to all those interested in horti-
cnltiiral pnrsnits to send their
donations at Once.

GARDENERS, do not be afraid
to send your shillings {or your
guineas), every little will help, and
the smallest {and largest) donations
will be thank f icily received by

Dr. IVIASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTOK STREET, STRAND, W.C.

Donations already received :—

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) ...^5 5 o

Mr. HATCH loo

Mr. W. RICHARDS i I o

5 UNDER-GARDENERS, ij-. each o 5 o

Ur. MASTERS 220

A. G. E. 200

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Bury St. Edmunds i i o
Mr. R.FARRAlSICE.Chadwell Heath o 5 o
Per Mr. W. COLEMAN, Eastnor

Castle Gardens (First List) ... 17 o 6
SECOND LIST.
Mr. R. DAWES, Gardens, Temple

Newsam, Leeds o 10 6

Miss PYNDAR,Mainstone, Ledbury i o o

Mr. BOWEN, Gardener 050

Rev. J. BUCKLE, Ashperton ... o 10 o
C. RILEY, Esq., Putley Court ... i o o
C. LEA, Esq., Worcester (Second

Donation to this Fund) 500

J. D.PERRINS, Esq., Gt. Malvern 5 o o
Lady ELIZABETH BIDDULPH,

Ledbury ... ... ... ...100

B. MASEFIELD, Esq., Ledbury... 050
SirJOSEPH BAILt-Y, Bart., M.P. i i o
A, BUCK, Esq., Worcester ...050
Mr. A. WARD, Gardens, Stoke

Edith o 10 o

C. A. HEWITT, Esq., Hopend,
Ledbury 100

Per Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Shex-
wood Park, Tunbridge Wells : —

Mr. G. H. RICHARDS o 10 o

Mr. J. BOOTH 026

Mr. S RALPHE 020

Mr. W. BASDEN 020

Mr. J. ELLIOTT 020

Mr. J. PRICE 026

*BOTHY MEN (The Moble Park) . o 10 o
Mr. T. WYNNE, Wroxham Hall

Gardens ... ... ... ... o 10 6

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone ... o 10 6

* This is an example we hope to see followed
in other Bothies. See Letters, p. 627.

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1884.

MUNTHAM COURT.

MUNTHAM COURT is well placed on
the side of a chalk valley in the parish
of Findon, north of Worthing. It is an ancient
site, and several families have owned the pro-
perty, including those of Apsley and Shelley.
Viscount Montague built the original house as
a hunting box, and William Frankland, the
Eastern traveller, and a descendant of Oliver
Cromwell, enlarged it, and lived here for forty
years, dying in 1805, aged eighty-five. In
Evans' Picture 0/ Worthing you may read all
about this remarkable gentleman, his travels,
his turn for mechanics, his house full of inge-
nious contrivances, such as musical instruments
played by machinery, printing presses, time-
pieces, electrifying machines, agricultural
implements, optical apparatus, medals, figure-
heads, and other heterogeneous works of art
produced at Muntham by English and foreign
workmen. At Mr. Frankland's death the whole
collection was sold at Worthing, one turning
lathe bringing 3000 guineas. F. W. Frankland,
who died in 1825, presented an engraving of
the house and grounds to Mr. Horsfield for
his History oj Susse.r, and if Mr. Conway, the
gardener at Muntham, young and active
minded as he is, and interested in all that
relates to the place he manages, could learn
the date of this engraving, he might then fix
with tolerable accuracy the age of the oldest
Yew fences. The site of Muntham was well
chosen. Findon is 6 miles from Worthing on
the London road, and Muntham is a mile west
of the village on a site which is sheltered from
the south-west winds of the Sussex coast by
higher ground rising close to the house.

The landscape from this high ground is most
attractive. The chalk downs of Sussex, amid
which we stand, are generally bare, and more
remarkable for their pure air and healthful
breezes than for their timber and shelter. But
here we are in the midst of the pleasant park
and grounds of Muntham. The soft mat of
turf which covers the chalk is beneath the feet,
and the wild Thyme sheds its fragrance through
the air ; while the miles of walks stretching
away from this spot, up hill and down dale, and
the Beech, Laburnum, Box, and Yew growing
wild in the woods, assure us of the character of
the district, and of its geological formation.
Immediately around are the gardens, with their
curious but not too obtrusive hedges of Yew and
numerous Conifers and specimen plants, and
looking over the top of clipped colonnades of ■
Yew which flank the approach road, the hills
beyond the grounds are seen, Chanctonbury
Ring and its clump of trees forming the most
conspicuous point. Frequent peeps of this
well known landmark and of its lower placed
neighbour, Cisbury Ring, are obtained from
points of vantage around the house.

The most remarkable feature of a very
delightful garden consists in the arrangement
of clipped Yew fences, and of close-shaven Box
as edgings to the flower garden, which was
formed by the present Marchioness of Bath

6i6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(November 15, iS

forty years ago, under the windows of some of
the best rooms. The soil suits this system, and
the closely shaved edgings, as well as the pyra-
mids of I3ox, remain entire without a defect.
The great hedges of Yew, which are also perfect
in all respects, are arranged so as to form an
avenue with several adjoining plots, closely sur-
rounded gardens, the division fences being
formed in one case of Cupressus macrocarpa, so
tall as to require the assistance of steps and a
scaffold in clipping it. The Yew hedges are
12 feet high and the sides of the avenue, or Yew
alley, are 12 feet apart, the length being 130
yards. The hedges are 1 5 feet thick and they
are cut square, and yet their health and green-
ness at top and bottom are maintained. Open-
ings have been formed in the walls that face the
house and at salient points— at the ends of the
alley for instance— these colossal ramparts and
wind-defences are topped with pyramids and
other geometric figures. (See fig. no, p. 625.)
It cannot be said that such decorations are
graceful, and when ill-placed they are sometimes
ugly ; but here the soil suits them, they are
perfect of the kind, and the monster hedges are
well placed in the background. In the view of
the grounds from the upper terraces the Dutch
gardening does not overcome the graceful effect
of the whole scene, and amid scores of species
of shrubs which cannot be named here, a single
specimen of Chinese Juniper, 25 feet high, and
the Golden Yew (Elvaston Yew) near it, appeal
more strongly to the spectator than the Batavian
hedges.

One of the most delightful spots in the garden is
the nook where Mr. Conway's ornamental cottage
stands. The hardy fernery here is a model of
its kind, and among a great variety of hardy
Ferns and other appropriate plants growing in the
shade are found Polypodium cambricum, Adiantum
pedatum, with fronds 2 feet long. Polystichum Lon-
chites (Holly Fern), which is getting as rare as the
Killarney Fern, a single Fern being worth now half-a-
sovereign to any Scotch shepherd who finds it. Re-
suming a catalogue which may interest Fern lovers,
there are among other pets, Athyrium cristatum,
crested Lady Fern, Asplenium Trichomanes flourishing
by a little water-tank close to another lover of
moisture, Scolopendrium marginatum, and Scolo-
pendrium alcicorne with fronds pointed with stag-
horns, erect in habit, and curved so as to show the
fructification at the back of the fronds. Woodruff
runs wild, and covers the stonework in patches.

In this same pleasing corner the American All-
spice, Calycanthus florida, is perfectly at home.
If this hardy and strongly-scented shrub would do as
well elsewhere as it does on the chalk, it is not easy
to explain why such a desirable shrub should not
be more widely grown. Two shrubs beloved by
birds bear their berries here, Leycesteria formosa and
Phytolacca decandra (the Virginian Poke), whose
black berries in Spain make a good colouring for a
wine called port. The cottage and its porch are
beautifully covered with Ivies, Crataegus Pyracan-
tha, Honeysuckles, a fine-leaved Tamarisk (T.
gallica), Cobasa scandens, Passiflora ccerulea, and
Gloire de Dijon Rose.

Both fruit trees and subtropical plants do well here.
There are very few Walnuts in the neighbourhood
this year, but at Muntham one tree alone has pro-
duced several sacks. Knowing the ground, Mr. Con-
way planted some beautiful specimens of Palms,
Chamserops excelsa and C. Fortunei, in open and
conspicuous places in the shrubberies, and they have
stood now the whole year out-of-doors, since 18S1,
making rapid growth and presenting a graceful
appearance.

A greater variety of tender plants is at the present
time flourishing in the grounds of Muntham than I
could name in the allotted space, and in this remark-
ably fine season the warm weather has produced a
surprising flower garden for November, including, I
believe, all the sorts that have been noticed in the
papers lately for their untimely, though not unwel-
come blossoms. The Fig has behaved strangely this
autumn. After bearing an abundant crop, which
ripened well in the early autumn, it has blossomed
again, that is to say, the trees are covered with imma-
ture fruit, which will presently succumb no doubt, and

another good crop next year may not be expected. The
sorts of Figs grown here outdoors in the long avenue
of trees for which the garden is famous, are the Black
Ischia, which is the sort commonly grown in Sussex
in orchards, on the walls of cottages and farmhouses
and elsewhere, the Brunswick and the Madagascar,
the latter producing Figs, each weighing a pound and
sometimes more. Photlnia serrulata is another
native of a warmer climate which blossoms at Cannes
but not often, I think, in this country, except at
Muntham, where a specimen of this evergreen, 20 feet
high, now exhibits spikes of blossoms after the hot
weather, and some of the more backward ones
perhaps may live through the winter. Sequoia
sempervirens stands here 70 feet high and measures
well in girth, tapering gradually from base to top.
Several large Planes form a handsome clump on the
lawn, having graceful festoons of the wild Clematis or
Travellers' Joy, the " Old Man's Beard " of our
chalk district, hanging down from the boughs of the
trees at a height of 35 feet. The long feathery down
attached to the seed-vessels of this plant is usually an
autumnal ornament when the flowers have departed ;
but graceful as these lianas, or hanging vines of
Ladies'-bower may be — for this creeper forms an
excellent screen for a bower, *' for whispering lovers
made " — it had its rivals this year, at the time of my
visit (Nov. 3), in a larger number of blossoming
plants than I can mention. Among the Planes is an
Ailantus glandulosa. Tree of Heaven, which over-
tops them all, measuring 65 feet in height.

Pinus insignis grows here with delicate green
foliage, in the avenue of the north approach, which
leads up to the main entrance, where the legend,
" Peace and grace be in this place," is inscribed above
the portal. A number of large specimens of this very
beautiful Conifer forms the main portion of an avenue
500 yards in length. An evergreen Oak, at home
here on the Sussex coast, is one of the greatest orna-
ments of the garden, standing on the terrace, and
fruiting freely this season, near enough for Lady Bath,
whose garden is her greatest pleasure,|to hear from her
rooms the falling Acorns as they quit their diminutive
cups when ripe, and tumble pattering through the
leaves. Creepers cover the walls of the house and
the wall of the upper terrace. Tea Roses, Mar^chal
Niel and others showing their latest blossoms among
the foliage of the Clematis. Azara microphylla is
an evergreen covering part of the wall, with a seat
below it, and its bright green leaves with foliage like
the Myrtle, drew me from a distance for a closer
examination. Mr. Conway praises this introduction
of Messrs. Veitch as a covering for walls, as well as
for the decoration afforded by its foliage, which
possesses the desirable quality of hardihood. It grows
fast here in a northern aspect, and the flat sprays
adapt it to a wall. Other coverings of the walls are
yellow and white Jasmines, especially Jasminum
nudiflorum, and a plant which prefers the sea
coast ; Escallonia macrantha, Rosa microphylla and
R. bracteata, or Macartney Rose. That Rose of
Japan, Rosa rugosa, with ripe fruit as large as
a Medlar, is one of the autumn ornaments of this
well kept garden. A number of plants of Verbena,
PelargoniumandTropasolumare stillin blossom in vases
and among the borders. Orange trees laden with
fruit are bearing their part, like the rest of this unusual
vegetation, in diminishing the length of winter by at
least a month. Among the unusual specimens on the
terrace I noticed the mottled leaves of the curious
Pincenectitia tuberculata. Beyond the lawn at the
entrance to the pinetum, some clumps of Mediterra-
nean Heath are as ornamental as they are novel for
their size, while the Scotch Heath, planted near as a
foil apparently, vies with its larger neighbour in size.

I must here conclude this imperfect account of a
garden formed for enjoyment, and rendered attrac-
tive, both in winter and summer, by skill and good
taste. H. E.

HYDRANGEA PUBESCENS.

One of the Japanese specie?, but quite hardy in
this country. For the specimens whence our illus-
tration was taken (fig. 107) we are indebted to
Mr. Gumbleton. The leaf-stalks are of a reddish-
purple colour, the leaves ovate acuminate, serrated,
deep green above, covered with whitish down be-
neath ; the branches of the flat cyme spread hori-
zontally, the branches being pubescent ; the sterile
flowers are white, the fertile ones have three styles.
Though not equal to the magnificent II. paniculata,
the claims of the present plant are by no means to be
disregarded,

OXCIDIUM LOXENSE. Lindl.

Mr. F. Sander has kindly forwarded me this plant,
concerning which I feel glad to make a few remarks. The
bulbs are crowded in two irregular dense rows, com-
presso-pyriform, 3 inches high by I inch wide over the
base, covered with some irregular branched furrows ;
hence wrinkled, very light green, nearly prasine. They
are surrounded by the long brown scariose bases of old
leaves, the young break bursting under the last upper
one. The aerial roots are rather thick, long, very
numerous. The leaf on the bulb I find to be solitary in
the five bulbs at hand, cuneate-ligulate, rather acute,
of parchment texture. My acknowledgment of Mr.
Eduard Klaboch's faithful drawing is only increased
by the knowledge of the plant. I find no two-leaved
bulbs, and looking at the drawing with the plant at
hand I see these may be represented by fascicles of
young leaves behind the bulbs, which give the impres-
sion as if they belonged to the older bulbs. I hope
we shall be clear about this question in some months,
when the breaks have ripened, ff. G. Rchb.f.

Oncidium vernixium {Linden)^ Rckb. f.
I called this in the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ 1870,
1055, "a highly curious Oncid, quite unlike any-
thing known up to this time," The plant had ap-
peared at Director Linden's establishment at Brussels,
having been collected by the late Gustav Wallis. The
stiff short branched peduncle was laden with dense
brown |3owers, edged with yellow. The lip was re-
garded as highly meritorious, having stiff retrorse short
yellow auricles, a long oblong convex mid-blade of
fine dark cinnamon, with three very obscure median
keels, varnished on the surface, and an anterior semi-
lunar bright yellow blade. I saw nothing more
of the plant till lately, when Mr. F. Sander sent
me two branchlets, a leaf and an old bulb. The
bulb is pyriform, ancipitous, with three blunt ridges
running longitudinally over ihe median zone, 3 to 4
inches high, i inch wide over the base. The leaf is
oblong ligulate, blunt, or acute, narrower at the base,
6 to 7 inches long, by i^ inch wide; the texture is
that of thin parchment. This Oncid is, no doubt, a
pretty thing. H. G. Rchb. .

Barkeria Barkeriola, «. sp*

This is quite a lovely gem. It stands near to Bar-
keria elegans, Knw. Westc, but it is much smaller,
and would appear distinct in the petals and lip. Yet I
openly confess I saw but one plant and two inflor-
escences. Whatever may be our final experience
of it, it is one of the finest gems. The leaves are
lanceolate acute, undulated, reddish underneath, and
with a reddish margin above. The long red peduncle
has reddish sheaths. The raceme is one-sided, with
two to five one-sided flowers. Sepals and petals nearly
equal j petals fine light rose. Labellum pandurate or
obovate, retuse or acute, white. Anterior disc with a
deep purple blotch and some short purple lines on
each of the two arcuate, nearly parallel, longitudinal
raised lines of the lip. Column whitish-yellow, with
numerous purple spots on the hinder side and in-
volved wings. I have to thank Mr. F. Sander for this
unexpected agreeable surprise. H. G. Rchb.f.

CARAGUATA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Baker^ ft. sp.^

This is a very distinct new species of Caraguata,
discovered by Kalbreyer in New Granada, which has
just flowered for the first time with Messrs. Veitch.
It is totally different in habit from the well known
Caraguata lingulala, the leaves being narrow and
tapering to a point gradually, as in the Demeraran

* Barkeria Barkerinia, n. sp. — Aff. BarkcriK eleganti, Knw.
Westc: bene minor : fuliis linearilanceis acumin.itis ; pedunculo
longe exserto secundilljro racemoso ; scp^lis t(;p.ilisque oblougis
acmis ; labello cuaealo objvato retuso seu pandurato aciito.
utnnque plica loiigitudinali nrcuato ; carinis veris niillis ;
columnx alls involutis. ((^pidendrum Barkeriola). //. G.
Rckb.f.

t Caraguata ans^itstifalia, Baker, n, ^p. — Acaulis. cscipitosa,
foliis mullis den^c rosulatis scmipedalibus l.-inceolaiis e base
ovata ad apicem sensim aitenualis facie viridibus canaliciilalis
dorso tenuiter albo-Iepidotts : pedunculo brevi ; foliis plunbus
reductis superioribus basi rubris tecti^i ; floribus paucis dense
spicatis : bracteis oblongo<lanceolatis niagnis spleudide rubris ;
calycis albidi segmeiuis oblongis obtusis, corollx luten: tuba
cylindrico bipollicari, segmentis brevibus oblongis. J. G
Baker

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

617

Caraguata August.-^, Benth. (Encholirion Augusts,
Schomb. ) The individual flowers are large, and
both corolla and bract are very brightly coloured,
the former lemon-yellow, and the latter a brilliant
scarlet. The peduncle is shorter and the flowers
fewer in number than in any of the garden species
known already. Morren's Massangea is merged by
Bentham and Hooker in Caraguata, so that there are
DOW about half a dozen species in cultivation.

hidden by reduced leaves, the upper ones passing by
gradual transition into the bracts of the spike, bright
red at the base, with an acuminate green pomt.
Flowers 3 — 4 in an oblong spike. Bracts bright
scarlet, oblong-lanceolate, \\ — 2 inches long. Calyx

1 inch long, whitish ; segments oblong, obtuse, imbri-
cated. Corolla bright yellow, with a cylindrical tube

2 inches long, and oblong segments \ inch long.
Stamens uniseriate in the throat of the corolla>tube,

VINE CULTURE AND GRAPE

SHANKING.
Turning over ihe pages of Paxlon's Ihrdcultural
Rtgister, published in 1836, I found some important
papers on the shanking of Grapes. Then, as now,
this question was frequently before the readers of the
gardening periodicals, but Iheie was much diherence
of opinion as to the cause. By far the most practical

Fig. 107.— hydrangea pubescens. (see p. 616.)

Epiphytic, forming a group of crowded sessile
rosettes, each about half a foot long and broad.
Leaves fifty or more in a rosette, with a lanceolate
lamina, half a foot long, half an inch broad at the
dilated ovate base, not rigid in texture, green and
channelled down the face, marked with a number of
red-brown vertical veins, which are distinctly visible
when a leaf is held up to the light ; slightly
glaucous, with a thin coating of scales on the convex
back, Peduncle central, 2 — 3 inches long, quite

shorter th in the segments. Anthers ovate, equalling
the cylindrical filaments. Ovary ampulteform ;
style protruded beyond the stamens ; stigmas short.
Ungulate, not twisted, papillose down the face.
J. G. Baker.

Fibre from Pueraria.— At the last meeting of
the Linnean Society some cloth was shown made
in China from the fibre of this plant, which was very
tough and strong.

paper on the subject was by Mr. Stafford, gardener to
Richard Arkwrighl, Esq., of Willersley ; and the per-
plexed state of gardeners as to the cause at that time
cannot be better stated than in the words of Mr.
Stafford. He says, alluding to shanking ; — " Few
gentlemen have paid so much attention to the Vine as
my present employer during the last forty years, but I do
not hesitate to say that at this time he is as unprepared
to give an opinion as he was at the beginning ; for
although he has repeatedly devoted a portion of his

6i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 18

premises to experimenls, and spared neither pains nor
expense, the mitier is yet unrevealed. I have, in
conjanction with neighbours, made trials of a course
■A dry treatment, while at the same time they pursued
a contrary one ; and this cnurse each has reversed,
and all without arriving at any decinve conclusion.
We have likewise reduced the crops of some Vines to
one-half or one-lhird per tree without coming to the
sought-for secret."

One cause of shanking was pointed out by another
writer in the same volume of the Kci^isicr^ The case
occurred in some pot Vines. They were started in a
Pine-slove in November. The Vines did well ; Ihe
bunches and berries attained a good size, but as they
required a great deal of water the frequent application
of it upon a naturally too strong loam killed many of
the roots, with the result that " most of the bunches
had shanked more or less." It was further stated
that deep borders with soil of a retentive nature caused
the Grapes to shank ; while shallow borders, with the
soil kept open by mixing in it whole bones, large
Hints, brickbat;, and so on, in which the roots ran
freely and remained sound, give much better results.
It was also asserted that shanking was the result of a
weak state of the Vine. In fact, on carefully reading
over the various communications from practical gar-
deners and others, one is forced to the conclusion that
this malady, or whatever it may be termed, had its
source in defective root action. There cannot be
much doubt that this is the most fertile cause of
Grapes shanking. The roots maybe injured by being
too wet, or too dry, and the result of the injuiy is not
seen until the Vines most require their aid — that is,
at the time the Grapes are colouring or ripening oiT.
In fact, the strain upon the resources of the Vine
increases when stoning commences ; consequently
during the whole process shanking continues.

In fact I can give an instance of shanking being
stopped by finding the cause and applying a remedy.
In a large Muscat-house shanking began most unex-
pectedly. The Grapes were swelling all right, but I
was fearful that the borders were not sufficiently
watered inside ; on examination it was found that this
was the case. The surface was hard and cracked,
and it was therefore loosened wiih a Dutch hoe, well
watered with tepid rain-water, and mulched ; in a
d .y or two all the shanked berries were cut off, and
there was no more shanking. I have no doubt that,
o-ving to the over-dryness of the border, the roots
ould not extract sufficient support for the Grapes,
and shanking was the result. If this over-dryness
had been allowed to increase the results would have
been very disastrous. I have since that time frequently
watered Vines, both when the process of colouring
was going on and after the Grapes were ripe, to pre-
v,;nt their shrivelling.

There is no reason why Vines should not be watered
freely when the Grapes are colouring ; indeed, there
is very urgent reasons why they should, as at that
time they require moisture at the roots more than they
do at an earlier period. Suppose a case where the
border had been allowed to become so dry that the
c ipillaiy hairs of the roots were injured, and could not
tike up the moisture uniil fresh ones were formed ;
the shanking would not be stopped when water was
applied, nor would it until sufficient time had elapsed
|jr fresh hairs to form, which they would do veiy
speedily in the moist soil of the border. Shanking is
more rarely produced by the above cause than by a
Btate of the roots not so easily remedied. Vine routs
are too often killed by the borders becoming sour.

As a young gardener, twenty-five years ago, I had
charge of three vineries under a head-gardener, and
all of them used to produce good Grapes, but they
shanked badly. In fact, one season nearly the half of
them went off, and it always began at the time of the
Grapes colouring or changing their condition from the
acid to the saccharine state. I soon found that no
alterations in the atmospherical conditions in the
house made any difference. Giving much air or
little ; damping freely, cautiously, or not at all ; it
was shank, shank, night and day. Here, again, one
was forced to the conclusion that defective root-action
must be the cause. The borders had been well pre-
pared, but in course of years ihey had become sodden
outside, and allowed to become over-dry in winter
inside. I dug deep into the borders inside and found
no live roots ; they had evidently gone deeply into
the subsoil, and all the best roots were outside.
They were not as they ought to have been, distri-
buted over the borders, the largest proportion of them
near the surface.

Herein is to be found one of the prime agents of
successful Vine culture, viz., distributing the roots of
the Vines through every part of the borders, but
principally near the surface. There is no need that
the depth of soil be more than 2 feet 6 inches or
3 feet, but the borders must be well drained. It is
not possible for the Vines to succeed if there is any
stagnant water under the roots. Then, as to the
composition of the borders, whether they should te
light or heavy, it will be necessary to add brick
rubbish and charcoal to keep the soil open when the
organic parts of it decay. Some persons have a
notion that if the soil happens to be light so much
brick rubbish is not required. Now I have planted
young Vines in light soil, and also in heavy soil,
with the result that the ro^ts soonest get out of reach
in the light soil, and it gets into a state unfit for the
Vines much sooner when it is light than when it is
heavy.

A word about planting Vines may not be out of
place. Many persons will be planting them between
now and April. The best time I have found is just
when they have started to grow ; and as they have
usually to be turned out of the pots it is necessary
to disentangle the roots, spreading them out care-
fully. The soil should be worked in amongst them
with the fingers. It would be very unwise either to
begrudge an extra shilling or two in the purchase of a
good Vine, or the extra time over planting it as it
ought to be, J, Douglas,

NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED

ASTERS.— III.

{Continued /rom p. 554.)

Subgenus Euaster.— Bracts of the involucre dry
at the base, furnished with spreading leafy tips.
Heads copiously panicled ; stems abundantly leafy.
The largest subgenus, confined to America.

Group III. VuLGARES. — Pubescence of the stem
and leaves neither tomentose nor viscid ; lower leaves
tapering gradually into their petioles.

It is to this group that by far the largest proportion
of the cultivated Asters belong, and where there is the
principal difficulty in settling where one species
ends and another begins, and in which the nomen-
clature and synonymy is consequently very compli-
cated. As Dr. Gray has planned them out, we
possess at the present time twenty species in culti-
vation. I have arranged them in three groups for
horticultural purposes, according to the size of the
heads. The seven following are the large-headed
kinds : —

6. A. patens y Aiton. A. amplexicaulis, Michx. A.
patentissimus, Lindl. — Stems slender, 2 — 3 feet long,
finely pubescent upwards. Root-leaves oblong obtuse,
tapering into a short petiole. Stem-leaves numerous,
ovate, ascending or reflexed, rather hispid, clasping the
stem Willi their very large rounded basal auricles,
Heads arranged in a broad, lax. deltoid panicle, :— 1}
inch diameter when expanded. Involucre broadly cam-
panulate. \—\ inch long, very much imbricated, all the
rows furnished with lanceolate, hispid, green leafy lips.
Ligules 20—30, bright Hlac, \ inch long. Achene very
silky ; pappus dirty white, under \ inch long.

Massachusetts to Florida and westward to Michi-
gan, Arkansas, and Texas. A very distinct species.
A. phlogifolius, Muhl., is a variety with longer,
thinner leaves, the lower oblongspathulate, some-
times 5 — 6 inches long.

7. A, (urhnc/Ius, Lindl. — Stems slender, 2—3 feet
long, with long ascending branches, nearly glabrous even
al the top. Stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong-spathulate,
not distinctly clasping at the base, moderately firm in
texture, acute, entire, glabrous, the lower 3—4 inches
long, % — I inch broad at the middle. Heads in an
ample very lax panicle, each on a produced slender
peduncle, with numerous minute linear brads, about
I inch in diameter when expanded. Involucre obconic,
\ inch long ; bracts much imbricated, with small, obtuse,
leafy points. Ligules about thirty, bright hlac, \ inch
long. Achene minutely pilose ; pappus pale purple,
^ inch long.

Illinois and Missouri to Arkansas and Louisiana.
\Vell marked in the group by its involucre and
the numerous minute bracts of its long slender
peduncle. Flowers with us in October.

8. A. l(€vis, Linn. A. rubricaulis. Lam. A. cyaneus,
Hoffm. ; Lindl., Bot. R"g., t. 1^95. A. glaucescens
and A, politus, Nees. A. Itcvigatus, HooK,, IJot, Mag.,

I. 2995. — Stems stiffly erect, 3—4 feet long, glabrous to
the top. Root-leaves oblong obtuse, tapering into the
petiole ; stem-leaves oblong acute, entire or nearly so,
glaucous green, glabrous, firm in texture, the upper con-
.'^picuously clasping by a large auricled base, the lower
less clasping, 3 — 5 inches long, 1 — 1\ inch broad. Heads
I— i^ inch diameter, arranged in an ample deltoid
panicle, with thyrsoid branches, on short peduncles.
Involucre campanulatc, r^ — ^ inch long; bracts very
much imbricated, all ihe rows furnished with small
lanceolate, green, glabrous lips. Ligules bright lilac,
s — h inch long. Achene nearly or quite naked ; pappus
copious, whiiish, \ inch long.

Canada to Louisiana, and westward to the Rocky
Mountains. One of the commonest kinds in our
gardens, flowering in October.

9. A, versicDlor, Willd. A. Isevis, Lindl., in Bot.
Reg., t. 1500 — Stems 3—4 feet long, subglabrous to the
apex. Root-leaves oblong, narrowed into a short
petiole ; stem-leaves oblong, spathulate, or the upper
lanceolate, not distincily auricled even on the upper
ones, and hardly at all clasping at the base, green,
subentire, very acute, glabrous, the lower 3— 4 inches
long, 2 — \ inch broad al the middle. Heads about
I inch diameter, arranged in ample panicle, with sub-
corymbose branches. Involucre broadly campanulate,
\ inch long, well imbricated, all the bracts furnished
wiih large foliaceous tips. Ligules about thirty, \ inch
long, varying in the same panicle from white to red-lilac.
Achenes nearly glabrous ; pappus white, ]^ inch long.

A common garden type, not clearly individualised
as a wild plant. It comes extremely near to some of
the forms of Novi-Belgii.

10. A. Novi-Bclgii, Linn. A. Icevigatus, Lam. A.
mutabilis, Ait. A. brumalis, Nees. A. adullerinus,
Willd. ; Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1751. A. laxus, prceallus,
and longifohus, Gray. A. thyrsiflorus, Hoflfm. A.
eminens, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. i6r4.— Stems 3— 4 feet
long, glabrous below, a little pubescent only at the very
top. Root-leaves oblong obtuse, tapering into the
petiole ; stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, not
distinctly clasping at the base, thinner in texture than
in Ircvis, and not glaucous, entire or a little serrated,
very acute, the lower ones 3 — 4 inches long, \ — \ inch
broad at the middle. Heads about i inch m diameter,
arranged in an ample deltoid panicle with subcorymbose
branches. Involucre broadly campanulate, \ inch long,
well imbricated, the bracts with large lanceolate green
leafy tips. Ligules 20—30, bright lilac, \ — \ inch long.
Achene finally glabrous ; pappus white, moderately firm
in texture, \ inch long.

New Brunswick and Canada to Georgia, and west-
ward to Ohio and Illinois. Flowers with us in
October, By far the commonest species in cultiva-
tion, and very variable. From the type as above
described A. Icevigatus, Lam., differs mainly by its
less imbricated involucre ; A. elodes, T. and G., by
its linear entire lower stem-leaves of firmer texture ;
and A. thyrsiflorus, Hoffm., by the more thyrsoid
arrangement of its flower-heads on the branches of
the panicle.

11. A. putriccus, Linn. ; Lindl., Bot. Reg,, t. 1636, —
Stem stiffly erect, stout, often 5—6 feet long, roughly
hairy from low down. Stem leaves oblong-spathulate,
acute, distinctly serrated, clasping al the base, moder-
ately firm in texture, scabrous on the upper surface, the
lower ones 4—5 inches long, i— 1} inch broad at the
middle. He.ids about i inch in diameter, forming an
ample panicle, with subcorymbose branches. Involucre
broadly campanulate, 5 inch long, its bracts not much
imbricated and furnished with very large lanceolate leafy
points. Ligules 20—30, lilac, ^ — h inch long. Achene
finally glabrous ; pappus copious, whitish, moderately
firm, ^ inch long.

Nova Scotia and Canada to Dakota, Carolina, and
Georgia. F'reqtient in gardens, flowering in October.
Easily distinguished from Novi-Belgii by its involucre
and scabrous, more clasping leaves. Var. lasvicaulis,
Gray, has shorter, nearly glabrous stems, and var.
lucidulus, Gray, narrower, shining, smooth, subentire
leaves.

12. A. tdniifhrui, Linn.— Stems slender, spreading,
1—2 feet long, finely pubescent upwards. Stem-leaves
oblong-spathulatf, acute, sharply serrated, cl.isping, but
not at all cordate at the base, the lower 2 — 3 inches long,
under i inch broad at the middle. Heads about i inch
in diameter, forming a sparse panicle, with corymbose
branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, the
bracts nearly equal in length, the outer with large,
green, leafy tips. Ligules about twenty, lilac. ;i inch
long. Achene pilose ; pappus white, moderately firm,
i' inch long.

Canada and New Brunswick to Labrador. A little
known plant, well represented by a fine old luft in
the Kew herbaceous ground. The name conveys a
wrong idea, as it is one of the earliest of all to flower
with us, and is quite over at the end of September.
7. G, Baker,

{To be eontiimed)

NoVtMPKR 15. 1884.1

THE GAkDBNEkS' CHRONICLE.

619

VICTORIA REGIA.

From the time it first bloomed in this country,
Ihirly eight years ago, up till now, this, the Queen of
Water Lilies, has been an ol'ject of the greatest in-
ftrest to thousands, and continues to evoke the live-
liest admiration from those who see it for the first
time. A brief outline of the history of the Kew
) I.tnt, which has been unusually successful this year,
may not be unacceptable to youi readers.

A fresh plant is raised from seed every year, and
ihe germination is precisely similar to that of other
pl.^nls of the order. The small fleshy cotyledons do
not leave the interior of the seed, but serve to connect
the young plant with (he store of food known as peii-
sperm in ihe seed. The true radicle never becomes
greaily developed, but numerous adventitious roots
are given otT at the first node above the cotyledons.
It is interesting, however, and even instructive, to
note the progressive development of the leaves from a
naked, thread-like, tapering petiole, in rapid tran-
sition to a halbert-shaped outline, with a long point,
then more or less elliptic, with an arrow-shaped base,
and hence onward till the leaf is almost perfectly orbi-
cular and peltate, with a shallovv sinus at the base
and apex. The seedling of this season was planted
in ihe tank on April 21 in a mixture of five parts
loam, two of Uaf-mould, two of river-sand, and three
of old hotbed manure, together with cow-dung.
From that time to the end of October the plant has
produced fifty-eight leaves and thirty-two flowers.
The largest leaves are those produced when the plant
i. in full vigour, and about to commence flowering.
At this period they expand at the rate of from 9 to 20
inches per day for four or five days, attaining a
diameter of 6 feet in nine days, after which the rate
of expansion is very much reduced. A number of
them ultimately attained a maximum little short of
7 feet, and notwithstanding the rapidity of their
development, remained in a tolerably presentable
condition for eight or ten weeks. The number on
the plant varies from sixteen to twenty at any given
time, A noticeable feature of the petiole is, that it
elongates gradually till after the blade has ceased
growing, when a rapid extension takes place, as i( to
provide room (or those younger leaves crowding up
behind.

The first flower expanded on July 12, and therefore
considerably earlier than usual, the result probably of
the abundant sunshine of Ia=t summer. The largest
were those first produced, measuring about a foot in
diameter from tip to tip of the expanded petals, while
eich succeeding flower became smaller than its pre-
decessor, but by imperceptible gradations, A flower
and a leaf expand on an average every third day, so
that as the flower is only of two days' duration we
never have the phenomenon of two flowers at once,
except as sometimes but rarely happens that one lasts
for three days. On the morning previous to its
expansion there is abundant evidence of what is
going to happen. The flower-bud rises clear out of
the water, heels over on one side, and, owing
to the inequality of growth on either side, oscil-
lates visibly, changing its position two or three
limes in the course of the day, and pointing
to opposite extremes of the compass. ^lore or less
regularly about 4 o'clock in the afternoon the sepals
and petals on the side next the water burst open, a
process that goes on more or less actively till towards
5 o'clock, when the other side bursts apart, and the
II iwer stands erect in all its purity. On the following
(l.iy it almost closes up for several hours during the
nrddle of the day, finally opening for the last time
a^out 5 o'clock, disclosing the inner petals, which are
r.iiher heavily splashed with rosy-red, and which were
not exposed the previous day. The flower is now
ready for fertilisation, a process which, if left to the
plant itself, is very indifferently or not done at all.
The many-celled ovary is entirely sunk in the recep-
tacle, and if properly fertilised will bring to perfection
as many as Soo seeds. Notwithstanding this enor-
mous reproduction, it is but a small lithe of the
ovules produced all over the dissepiments. The fruit
swells and ripens under water, but just before it
reaches maturity the peduncle rapidly elongates to
the distance of 8 or 10 feet — an admirable provision
of Nature to convey the seeds beyond the parent
plant. No such extension happens in Euryale ferox,
the seeds of which, however, are invested with an
aiil that will float them a long distance. The seeds of
the Victoria are also surrounded by an aril, but are,
notwithstanding, too heavy to float, although smaller
than those of the fuiroer. J, /',

THE WOOLHOPE NATURAL-
ISTS' FIELD CLUP).

TiiF. Fungus Forays, which terminate the year's
proceedings of the Woolhope Club, took place last
wct.k, and were again attended by many distinguished
mycologists from a distance. The successive forays
were held this year at Croft Amburyand the surround-
ing woods, Haywood Forest, Dinmore Woods, and
Eastnor Park. The present dty summer has not
been favourable for fungus giowth, and funguses
were therefore scarce ; still very many interesting
kinds were found, and "the week passed pleasantly
into history.

The dinner took place at the Green Dragon Hotel,
the Rev. Charles Burrough, the President, taking
the chair. The funguses cooked on the occasion
were Ilydnum repandum, the Vegetable Oyster, as
it has been termed, and Cantharellus cibarius, the
Chanterelle ; both were extremely well done, and
generally appreciated. After the one toast allowed
by the custom of the Club, "The Qeeen," the Pre-
sident called upon Dr. Bull to make the official
announcement looked for at the closing meeting of the
year, and to welcome the scientific visitors.

Dr. Bull said that he had an unusual number of
important notices to give them. The first he had to
make was theverygratifyingone, thatMr. Worlhington
G. Smith, F. L.S., an honorary member, had done the
Club the honour of dedicating to them his very valuable
little work on The diseases of lucid and Garden
Crof-s. This little work cannot fail to prove of great
value to agriculturists and gardeners. It is entirely
original, and contains no less than 143 illustrations.
The second notice he had to make was that the
Manual of the Geology of Shropshire, by the Rev.
J. D. La Touche, was on the eve of publication.
This very valuable local work had occupied the
attention of the Caradoc Club for many years. It
contained twenty-two quarto plates, on which were re-
presented no less than S23 fossils, drawn and litho-
graphed by Mr. La Touche and members of his family,
the third notice he had to give was that the '* Myco-
h^ia Siotica or The fitn^i of Scotland, by the Rev,
John Stevenson, of Grenus, Forfar, was in course of
publication. The next notice was also a very in-
teresting one, and that was Mr. C. B. Plowright,
who was so distinguished a pupil he might say of the
Woolhope Club, was engaged upon a work, The Urc-
dincs and the Ustilagincs, their Morphology and
Physiology, with a Desci iptiott of all the British
Species. He had now to come to what more immedi-
ately concerned them, The Herefordshire Pomona.
The last part of this work was completed except the
introduction. It had already fifteen plates, and it was
probable that one other would be added in con-
sequence of the recent visit to Normandy. The work
had become so large that the committee were at
length convinced that it should be bound in two
volumes instead of one, and the tillepages and in-
dexes would be arranged accordingly. He was sorry
to say that the 'publication of the last part would be
delayed some months in consequence of the plales not
being ready ; owing to the illness of the chromo-
lithographer only five were yet done out of the fifteen,
but every effort was being made to hasten their com-
pletion. Before another year had passed away the
volumes would be upon their shelves, and the work
entered into history. Dr. Bull then passed a glowing
eulogium on the very kind way in which all the
leading gardens of the county had been placed at the
service of the Club, and instanced particularly the
extensive gardens of Stnke Edith and Holme Lacy,
which he said might be called the pillars upon which
their beautiful plates rested. He had next to inform them
that \hQ Herefordshire Plora, upon which the Club had
worked for twenty yeare, would be published next
year. The Birds of Herefordshire would be ready for
the following year ; and then they had before them
The Funguses of Herefordshire, all works of the
highest interest to the district, and which would prove
that the Club had not altogether neglected the natural
history of the county.

The President then called upon Dr. Bull to give the
results of the inquiries of the deputation to Rouen on
the orchard fruit.

Dr. Bull said the real objects for which the depu-
tation was appointed were very simple. The first
was to obtain information actually necessary to com-
plete the Pomona satisfactorily. There were a great
many cider Apples in our Orchards, Bitter-sweets
and others, which bore the name of *' Norman," but

many circumstances had occurred to make the
Pomona committee consider it extremely doubtful as
to whether they really were Norman. Last year it
will be remembered that a fine collection of cider
Apples, consisting of eight-live varieties, was sent
from Normandy to Hereford, not one of which was
the same as ours. This rendered it still more neces-
sary to place our so-called Norman Apples on the
tables in Normandy in order to make the comparison.
This has now been done with much more care, but
the Herefordshire Apples were none of them recog-
nised by the Norman nurserymen and fruit growers,
nor could the representatives of the Woolhope Club
find any of them amongst the 2000 plates shown at
Rouen. There was one exception, and that is
scarcely a cider Apple. The Foley Norman, said to
have been introduced by the late Mr. Edward Foley
at the early part of the present century, was closely
similar in size, colour, taste, and shape, to the Blanc
Doux exhibited there. It has thus become clear that the
so called Norman Apples of the Herefordshire or-
chards are not really Normans. They are prob-
ably Herefordshire seedlings from the farm nur-
series, which in the long century of neglect
that has passed over our orchards got planted
out, and, having no name of their own, have
received the fashionable one of Normans, Thus,
the Norman Bitter-sweet will become the Hereford
Bitter-sweet ; the Red, Vellow, and Black Normans
will be called for the future Red, Vellow, and Black
Herefords ; and so on, the name Hereford supplying
the place of Norman. The other half of your repre-
sentatives' work was to select some six or seven of
the very best varieties of real Norman Apples. This
work is not yet quite completed. Four varieties are
chosen, and out of many others three more will
eventually be selected ; and if the fruit of these can
be got in good condition, it is very probable that a
sixteenth plate will be added to the forthcoming
numbers of the Pomona. The brilliant successes of
the deputation at Rouen are now well known. The
fact of taking the Gold Medal for Herefordshire fruit
in the very centre of Normandy is not likely to be
forgotten on either side of the Channel — nor, it may
be added, is the quality of the Herefordshire cider
and perry. Its body, its strength (which could
scarcely be believed to be genuine), and its arom:i,
greatly astonished the authoritits at Rouen. It was
said, indeed, that had the Woolhope Club been less
successful elsewhere it would have stood higher in
the cider classes. Be this as it may, the Woolhope
Club has obtained a very high position, where its very
name had never before been heard, and English
Apples and Pears, and Herefordshire cider and perry
have gained a respect it was impossible to withhold
from them.

Mr. Piper was then called upon, and gave the
result of his observations on the land cultivation of
the districts passed through, and finished by saying
that if the same energy had been shown by the Nor-
man fruit growers in exhibiting as was shown by the
Woolhope Club, he doubted very much whether the
result would have been so satfsfactory to the English
Apples.

A paper on " Woclhope Whittlings " was then read
by Dr. M. C. Cooke, of London.

THE ROOT.*

Introducing the subject, Mr. Ward requested his
audience to dismiss expectations or apprehensions of
marvellous descriptions of tropical or rare roots on
the one hand, or lists of the peculiarities of various
kinds of roots, or so-called roots, on the other. The
object was to show, as well as time permitted, how
much valuable information could be derived from
careful study of a common root, and that this Informa-
tion is important alike to botanists and agriculturists,
as is so much other which they have in common.

The germination of a seed was then shortly
described and fully illustrated (as was the lecture
throughout) by diagrams, and showed that the young
root prnceeds to enter the soil to fulfil the purposes
for which it has become adapted — viz., to hold the
rest of the plant, and to absorb water and dissolved
food matters in the soil.

The curious properties of the tip of the root were
then examined. It is sensitive to various influences,

" Abstract of a lecture delivered before the Manchester
Horticuhural Society. November 6, iSS^, by H. Marshall
Ward. M.A , Assistant Lecturer in Botany at the Owen
College,

620

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

INOVEMBER IS, l!iii4.

turning towards the centre of the earth with marked
persistence. It also avoids ihe light and tends towards
a moist surrace ; but, strangest of all, perhaps are its
sensitive actions towards solid bodies and irritants, and
its curious rocl<ing movements. Some time was
employed in shortly describing these matters, and
showing how they probably aid the tip to enter the
soil.

The structure of the firm, rigid, and even elastic
tip, and its protective cap, was then sketched, stress
being laid on the fact that such a body could not
possibly serve as an absorptive organ, but that it is
admirably adapted for being steadily pushed between
the particles of soil, aided by its guiding sensitive-
ness to various influences, its tendency to slightly
rock on all sides, its slippery surface, and conical
shape. The elongation of cells behind pushes this
tip slowly and steadily forward with relatively
enormous force. This point explained, the lecturer
then proceeded to show how root-hairs arise in
millions on the parts which have ceased to elongate
—an obvious adaptation, which prevents their being
rubbed oft" as the rest of the root moves forward.

A still more beautiful adaptation to the same end
was shown in the origin and development of the root-
lets, which arise beneath the surface of the elongating
roots, to come out when the part has ceased to move
forwards, hence employing the time but avoiding the
danger.

The efficient distribution of root-hairs and rootlets
was commented upon, showing how every crevice of
the soil is successively explored from the central
roots, the rootlets reacting differently as regards
gravitation from the primary root.

The mode in which root-hairs attach themselves to
particles of sand, slate, &c., in the soil, glueing
themselves to their surfaces, was described, and then
IWr. Ward shortly explained their action in absorbing
the aerated water and its dissolved salts.

The clear evidence of adaptation in structure and
function to the environment was touched upon ; the
author pointing out that the historical matters here
concerned, and the comparison of a large series of
forms would take several lectures, but would
be quite conclusive as to the struggle for ex-
istence which roots have undergone before they
earned their present rights as dwellers in the land.

when the ease with which the plant can be grown in
a cool (it is is said to grow much cooler than C.
Triana;) intermediate-house becomes known, it will
occur more plentimlly, and lake its proper place as
one of the best and most distinct of our Cattleyas.
The light coloured form is figured in the Botanical
Magazitte, vol. Ixxxii., tab. 4902. C. maxima is of
noble growth, having tall, upright pseudobulbs and
handsome foliage, the plant olten attaining a height of
over 2 feet.

THE ROSE OF HILDESHEIM.

Our engraving (fig. 109) of this wonderful Rose
tree, which clambers up the ancient tower of the
"Dom," or Cathedral of Hildesheim, in Lower

never before been seen, and the Emperor resolved to
hunt it, be the consequences what they might. He
urged on his hounds, gave his horse the spur, which
sprang forward so rapidly that the hounds were soon
left behind.

But faster fled the stag, which seemed as if nothing
could tire it ; and so proceeded the hunt, over hill
and dale, stick and stone, but the Emperor never
reached the stag ; so came the quarry, whose coat
glimmered through the dark forest, to a stream,
into which it plunged, swam across, and disappeared
in the gloom beyond. The rider forced his horse into
the stream in the vain pursuit, but it was thoroughly
exhausted and was soon carried away and drowned,
he himself swimming to the bank. Just there a little
hill reared itself, and up this clambered the Emperor,

CATTLEYA MAXIMA.

When describing this beautiful Orchid in the
Botanical Register, 1846, plate i, Dr. Lindley says :

"The more our knowledge of the varying forms of

Orchids extends the less do we feel able to determine
what characters or peculiarities of structure are of
real value in distinguishing the species. Everything
which, among other plants, has gained a fixed value,
appears here to he unstable, and even the most
marked differences in form are proved by incon-
testable evidence to grow out of each other. This
being so, we may be excused for doubting how far
this beautiful plant can lay claim to the rank of a
species, for it evidently approaches C. Mossia; and C.
labiata in many important particulars." By the expe-
rience gained by time we can verify the worthy
Doctor's remarks on the unstable character of the
features by which Orchids are to be recognised ; in-
deed, in many cases it is wise not to give a decided
opinion without ample material both as to habit of
plant and flower. Cattleyas are particularly liable to
run one into the other, and therefore the remarks as
to the specimen before him bearing a resemblance to
C. Mossia and C. labiata were to the purpose. Our
own better acquaintance with the plant now
proves to us that it is amply distinct, and not
easily to be confounded with any other known
species. The species was first sent over by Hartweg
from Guayaquil and Colombia, in 1844. The
same species is now in bloom, with six flowers on
a spike, in Messrs. Veitch's nursery ; it is the pale
form, its flowers being nearly white on opening. Two
other distinct forms, pretty true to the localities from
which they were collected, have in see been imported
— the one a fine dwarf-growing variety, with clear
rose flowers, by Messrs. Jas. Backhouse & Sons, of
York, and the other a stout, massive form, with large
spikes of bright rose- coloured flowers, their lips being
tinged with yellow, and heavily veined with crimson.
This last, the best form of all, has recently been
introduced by Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans. C.
maxima is yet rare in our collections, the best of
them containing but few plants of it. Soon, however,

Fig. 108,— CATTLEYA MA.XIMA.

Saxony, pourtrays an object around which several
beautiful legends cluster. The plant is certainly of a
great age, as, by researches made in the year iJiS3, it
was found that its roots are really under the founda-
tion-stone of the walls, and therefore it has been
assumed as a fact that the Rose was there before the
building began, and (or some reason was preserved
during the time the structure was raised, and has
been moreover during all the intervening centuries an
object of great veneration and care. The legend
relates that Ludwig, the son of Charlemagne, fixed
his residence at Elze, on the Leine river, because of
the immense forest and swampy ground there,
where game of all kinds abounded. One day
the Emperor went ahunling, mounted on a
strong horse, and accompanied by a great follow-
ing of courtiers, huntsmen, and hounds. They had
ridden for several hours, when suddenly a white stag
sprang out of the bushes, so stately and large as had

intending to wait till his retinue came up. He blew
his horn, like a Roland, till it all but burst, but no
one came ; and he gave himself up for lost, and
believed that here he must end his days ; and being a
pious monarch he took from his neck a relic
of the Virgin, and hung it on a wild Rose bush, that
grew by the side of a crystal fountain ; he then knelt
down and prayed that she would not desert him, but
permit him to be rescued. Being calmed by his de-
votions, he lay down on the soft moss by the spring,
and slumbered, when suddenly a voice cried out of the
clouds calling him by name, telling that so far as the
snow reached he should build a church to the honour
of Mary ; and before he had recovered from his
astonishment it began to snow, although it was the
middle of summer.

It did not Last long, but a piece of the moss
was covered, and reached unto the Rose bush,
showing the ground-plan of the walls, the tower,

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

621

and of the pillars and the altar. Presently his re-
tinue came up, and they also saw the wonder, and the
place was called ** Ililgen Snee " ^IIoIy Snow), be-
cause of the wonderful fall. What the Emperor pro-
mised was soon carried out, for he was a rich and
mighiy prince. There came stonemasons and built %

when Ludwig had crossed the Leine, and had come
to a place where the church now stands, he formed
a camp for a time, and had the relics from the royal
chapel set up there, and when the hunting camp was
broken up the chaplain in charge of the relics forgot
them, leaving 'them behind at the place where offer-

cated to St. Cecilia ; and, among other alterations, the
original chapel became the crypt of the new — the new
buildings being consecrated in 872.

Fig. 109.— the rose of hildesheim. (see p. 620.)

beautiful church, but the Rose the Emperor would
not allow them to grub up. They carried the
walls over its roots, so that it stood under
the high altar, and it grew and throve ;
and it is said that when it puts forth but few leaves,
and has but little vigour, then heavy misfortunes
befall the church of Hildesheim. So says the legend.
The annalist Saxo says that in the year 815 A.D.,

ings had been made, and, going back for them,
found them so overgrown by the Rose that in spite
of all endeavours they could not be detached, and
on account of this wonder a chapel was erected, and
years after the place, now become a town, was created
a bishop's see, and Gunthar was the first bishop.
The fourth bishop in succession from him, Altfried,
built additional structures, one, a chapel, being dedi-

FOREIGN FOREST PRODUCE.

Woods and forests seem attracting especial atten-
tion this year, due no doubt to the holding of the
Exhibition in Edinburgh, and it is perhaps to this fact
that we owe the appearance of one of the most
interesting series of Government reports that has been
issued for some time. The reports referred to have
just been issued under the title of Reports of Her
Majesty's Representatives Abroad, on the Cultivation
of Woods and Forests in the Countries in whieh they
Reside. The first treats of the Duchies of Coburg
and Golha, and we are told at the outset that the
total area under forest cultivation in the Duchy of
Gotha amounts to 44,140 hectares. These forests
consist of S5 per cent, of Pine and 15 per cent, of other
wood. Pine and Beech are the principal timber trees.
Regarding the administration of the forests, it is
stated that the "supreme head of the Forest Ad-
ministration is the Dacd Minister of State in Gotha,
Department No. IV." Under him are four inspectors
an! fourteen forest sub-inspectors. It seems, how-
ever, that "from the 1st July, 1SS3, the offices of
the four forest inspectors were abolished and their
duties taken over by the Ministry of State, coin-
cident with the appointment of twelve superior ver-
derers."

Timber from the Thuringian forests is much liked
in the trade, and can hold its own against all native as
well as foreign timber. The reason why the price
of timber in later year.s has fallen, is the insufliciency
of import duly on foreign timber, which permits
the German market to be swamped with timber from
Sweden, Norway, Friesland, and Galicia. The
introduction of stone 'and brick architecture and of
Iron even in small towns for purposes of building have
also further contributed to this reduction in price of
timber for building purposes.

In the report from Germany it is stated that the
desirability of attempting to introduce other than
ndigenous trees into Prussia has claimed the attention
of the authorities, who point out that in the event of
the experiment being attended with success, not only
would less wood have to be imported, but that the
revenue from this department would be considerably
increased. Care, it advises, should be taken in grow-
ing foreign trees to select those which are found in as
many latitudes as possible, and their growth should
not, at any rate yet be attempted in those parts of the
empire which are subject to the severest winters. In
the Budget for 1S80, 50,000 marks were set aside for
the purpose, but as no later report has been issued,
means are wanting by which to ascertain whether the
experiment is being attended with the hoped for suc-
cess. The following trees were recommended for
introduction :— Pinus rigida, Abies Douglasii, A.
Nordmanniana, Thuia gigantea, Pinus ponderosa, P.
Jeffreyi, P. Laricio, P. sitchensis, Cupressus Law-
soniana, Juniperus virginiana, Juglans nigra, Carya
alba, C. amara, C. aquatica, C. tomentosa, C. por-
cina, Quercus rubra, Populusmonilifera, Betula lenta,
Acer Negundo, A. saccharinum, A. dasycarpum,
esides some Japa nese Conifers.

In the report on the Russian forests, the various
kinds of trees found in the country are treated
of rather fully, and the limit of each kind given
m detail. In the northern provinces, cutting
down trees and sawing them into planks forms
a very large trade, and gives good returns. A
very large population is employed in floating timber,
or barges laden with firewood, down the rivers to the
ports of export, or to places unable to supply them-
selves with wood. The principle use made in Russia
of the logs floated down the rivers as rafts, or else
sawn up into planks, is that of house building, for
which purpose it is reckoned that 30,000,000 cubic
feet are used annually. Out of 1,820,000 inhabited
houses in the central agricultural districts only 74,000
are built with stone, and in the manufacturing dis-
tricts, out of 1,400,000 inhabited houses only 6S00
are built of stone. How frequently these wooden
houses have to be renewed is tolerably well shown
by saying that Russia is burnt down every seven
years. A considerable quantity of timber is also
used in ship and boat building, and it is calculated
that about 75,000 vessels of different sorts ply on the
inland waters of the Empire. Of the above number
a quarter are annually destroyed, so that about 15,000

622

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NnVFMnrR 15. 1SS4.

must be built in the course of the year to replace
them.

Under the head " Industries in Wood "some very
interesling facts are recorded ; thus in referring to
carriage and cart building it is staled that a vehicle is
seldom finished off on the spot : one village will pro-
vide the spokes for the wheels, another the boxes,
another will make the body for the cart. Another
great industry is that of wooden spoons, of which
about I26,000j000 are annually made. In the same
way are the spoons finished off; one will cut the wood
into lengths, another shape the spoon in the rough,
another hollows it out, and at last it passes into the
hands of the varnisher. The spoons are generally
made of Birch, Poplar, and from the dust of Boxwood.
One cubic fathom of wood makes about 4000 spoons ;
a man can make iSo in a day. The average price
per 1000 is from 6 to 8 roubles, and about 3200 cubic
fathoms of wood are annually used for this purpose.
They are exported, z'iJ Tibet, to Khiva, Bouchara, and
viil Astrakan to Persia.

Yokes are mostly made in the Government of
Kazan, of Elm and Willow. Three workmen in a
family are calculated to produce from 700 to 1000 in
the course of the winter. From the bark of the Alder
tree a green dye is extracted, with which they are
stained. Their principal markets are in Simbirsk
and Samara. In Tula concertinas are made to the
extent of 250,000 yearly ; and in the Government of
Viatka, besides concertinas, organs and violins are
also made. Besides these and many other branches
of industry in timber itself, an important trade is done
in the bark of the Lime tree. From this material
more than 100,000,000 pairs of bast shoes are made
annually, each pair requiring three-fourths of the bark
of a young tree. An immense quantity of bast is used
also in making matting and sacks, and it is estimated
that this industry considerably exceeds 2,000,000
roubles a year. In Viatka alone 500,000 Lime trees
are cut down annually for this purpose, and 900,000
mats and 600,000 sacks made annually. The best
matting is called " Schangskaia," and is largely
exported to England. Tar, pitch, turpentine, birch
oil, and charcoal are also large and important pro-
ducts of the Russian forests.

Under the heading "Plantations along Railways,"
Fome careful details are given of the extent to which
this has been carried, with the object of protecting
ihe track from snowdrifts. On the railways where it
his been tried it has been very successful, so that it is
proposed to carry it out more generally. Seven rows
of plants have been the rule, some of trees and some
of shrubs. The following plants it seems have been
most successful : — Elm, Ash, Oak, while and yellow
Acacia, Lime, Maple, Whitethorn, ElaMgnus horlen-
sis. Hazel, wild Plum (Prunus spinosa), Gledilschia,
Mulberry, Amorpha Irulicosa, Ligustrum vulgare,
Sambucus, &c. These have for the most part been
planted in an unfruitful soil in dry exposed places,
but have nevertheless done well. Along the Tunic
Railway, Government of Charkoff, the Pine (Pinus
sylveslris) has been planted and flourishes, and at
Karlowka, in the Government of Poltava, it grows
on the open steppe.

For fixing the sand plains at Aleschki, on the
Dneiper, the Government has planted largely Salix
aculifolia, tlenista linctoria, Ulex europ^us, Prunus
spinosa, and Pinus marilima.

These interesting reports conclude with a prAis by
Dr. Lyons, M.P., of the " Reports on Forestry of
the United Stales Department of Agriculture," in
which he describes the working of the I->epartment in
distributing seeds, which are always the best of Iheir
kind ; in assisting the introduction and dislribulion of
fibrous and other useful plants, and, in short, of diffus-
ing through its horticultural, botanical, chemical,
microscopical and other departments, a general know-
ledge of and interest in all things connected wiih the
welfare of the products of ihe soil.

Broussa Tea.— At the last meeting of the Lln-
nean Society Mr. W. T. Thisellon Dyer showed a
specimen of Tea made at Broussa from the leaves of
Vaccinium arctostaphylos. So close was the resem-
blance and fragrance to that of ordinary Tea, that
the customs' authorities refused to allow the sample
to pass without paying the duty as Tea. The quality
of the infusion was stated nut to be good. Mr.
Bennett alluded to the u:e uf Ledum leaves in
Canada for like purposes. It is hoped that Dr.
Schorlemmer will analyse the leavts both of the
Vaccinium and Ihe Ledum to ascertain whether
thein or any allied alkaloid be present.

floiiista' flouii^rfi.

The Auricula. — Those who have an Auricula-
house should remove the plants into it this month ;
not that the plants will take any harm in frames, if
they are vigorous and healthy, but all varieties are not
so, and some of the more weakly ones are liable to
injury by the damp, nasty, November fogs. They are
not so likely to suffer if they are in an airy house. We
have not yet finished re-potting all of the seedlings,
but it is more for want of time than for lack of the
will to do so. Both in the frames and out-of doors
the decaying leaves falling and blowing about rest on
the plants, causing injury to them if they are not re-
moved. Some persons say "Let the leaves alone,
they protect the plants from injury." This is a mis-
take in the case of Auriculas, and indeed any other
plants that are furnished with tender green leaves.
Plants of a tender nature dnd that die down during the
winter months are greatly benefited by any leaves
that may gather round their crowns, as they_^ may
suffer from frosts without this or some other pro-
tection.

The Carnation and Picotee.— The plants
potted a month ago are now well established, and the
best thing to do with them is to keep the lights off
night and day when the weather is favourable. We
draw the lights over them to shelter from heavy rains.
Many growers keep their plants very dry all through
the winter months. I fancy this over-dryness has a
tendency to produce gout. All the watering they
require is to look over the frames about twice a week,
and with a small water-pot water such as are really
dry. For instance, our frames were looked over
to-day, and not one plant in a dozen was found that
required any. In three or four days they will again
be looked over, and unless drying winds have pre-
vailed, the number requiring water will not be
larger. Some persons do not care to trouble with
Carnations in pots, and others have not the convenience
to grow them under glass. They plant them out in
beds or borders early in November. In that case
most of the plants must be supported with
small slicks, and further, some dry decayed stable
manure should be spread over the surface of the
ground and close to the plants. Tree Carnations still
continue to produce blooms freely in a rather dry
atmosphere, and a night temperature of about 50° to
55^ A succession of bloom is kept up from plants
that are in a greenhouse or cold vinery. The plants
flowering are aided by giving them some weak
manure-water at each alternate watering.

The Dahlia.— Frosts have come at last, with
severity sufhcient to kill the blooms, but not
enough thoroughly to destroy all the foliage. Their
beauty was quite over, and we took advantage
of the fine weather early in November to dig up the
roots. They were well dried by being laid in the
late vinery, where air was freely admitted. After-
wards they were placed with the stems upward in a
house where frost can be kept out, some cocoa-nut
fibre being laid over the tubers. The term pot-roots
is often used in relation to the Dahlia, but many
persons have not a distinct idea what a pot-root is when
applied to the Dahlia. They are obtained in this
way. During the summer months small side-growths
are taken oil and struck in frames ; when rooted they
are potted into 4 inch pots, and are grown on until
the end of the season, when the pots are placed in a
cool house, and are kept dry for the winter. In
spring they are shaken out of the pots, repotted
again, and started into growth with the ground roots.
If several growths break from one crown, they may
be removed with the exception of one.

The Polyanthus. — This is a plant we have more
difficulty wiih than any other, hardy or exotic ; for do
as we like with the plants they continue to decline
during the summer months, and at the time for repot-
ting them in August many are dead and the rest
weakened. What they require when making their
growth is a cool moist climate, and that we cannot
have in the Sonih of Fngland. I was delighted to
see a bed of choice varieties growing freely in the
gardens of S. Harlow, E=q., ]. P., on the Little Orme,
near Llandudno. In our own garden they refused to
grow. iVdbnbly if we could easily keep them free
from red-spider the difticulty would be overcome,

They should now be placed under glass, they having
been potted, of course, in August or September.

The Tulip.— The bulbs should be planted as
speedily as possible, if they are not already in the
ground. In planting them it is a good plan to draw
a deep drill with a hoe, place the bulbs about 9 inches
apart in the drills, and sprinkling a little sand under
and over them. The drills should then be filled up wiih
good loam. Of course, to be successful in producing
fine large blooms, the soil ought to be deep and rich.
The sand and good maiden loam round the bulbs
tends to preserve them in a sound and healthy condi-
tion. The fibrous roots soon grow out into the rich
soil beyond. J. Doir^las, Great Gearics^ Ilford,

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Clematis Franc.uis Morkl, Kcvm Hoilkole,
October i. — Flowers red, 3J inches across.

CVI'RIPEDIU.M CILIOLARK, Illllit. I/orl., t. 530.

DiANTHUS ALFINUS, Can/ill, August 30.

Erigeron aurantiacus. Garden, September 20,
1S84. — A dwarf orange-flowered Composite, from
Turkestan, resembling a Marigold, but with narrower
florets.

Erodium MACRADENIUM, CarJin, August 30.

FrITILLARIA 1M1'ERIAI,IS VAK. INODORA PUR-
PUREA, Regel, in Gartciijiora, t. 1165. — If this
variety retain its scentless character it will prove very
desirable. Native of South-east Bokhara.

GUNNERA MANICATA, Lind., Jllusl. /fori., t. 531.

Habrantiius pu.nctatus, GarUnJlora, t. 1163,
fig- 3-

IsMENE Andreana, Rcvtic Horticole, October 16.
— See Gard. Chyon,, 1SS4, xxi., p. 11.

Leschenaultia niLOBA MAJOR, Garden, October
4. — A beautiful Australian shrub, with linear leaves
and flat five-lobed blue flowers.

LiLiUM SUPERBUM and TYPICHM, Garleiijijra,
t. 1 169, d.—f.

Masdevallia BELLA, Bels;i,/iic Hortiiole, 18S4,
t. iii. ; Gard, Chron. 1S78, i , p. 725 ; iSSo, i.,
pp. 756, 760.

MUTISIA BREVIFLORA and M. VERSICOLOR. —

Garten/lo7-a, t. 1 163.

Odontoglossum rERSTEDi, Garden, Aug. 23.

Odontoglossu.m Roezlii and var. aluu.m.
Garden, September 13.

Primula obconica, Garden, September 6.

Pyrus Maulei, Mast, Bol. Ada:;, t. 6780, Octo-
ber.—See Gard. Chron., vol. ii., 1S74, p. 756, t. 159,
and vol. iii., p. 744, fig. 144.

Senecio macroglossus, Garden, Aug. 2, 1SS4.

Streptocarpus Kirkii, Hook, f , in Sot. Ma;:; ,
t. 67S2. — A species with an erect rubust stem, oppo-
site leaves, and slender, sparingly branched cymes,
with small lavender flowers.

Vriesia X1PI10STACIIY3, Gal Icnjhrj, t. I170 —
See Bol. Ii[a«., t. 42S7.

JhE pF^OPAQATOR.

The Propagation and Culture of Green-
house Kiiododendrons {eimluiiied). — i. R. Ed, -
worth! and its varieties— R. Countess of Derby, K.
Lady Skelmersdale, R. Mrs. James Shawe, R. Coun-
tess of Sefton, R. Duchess ol Sutherland, R. fragran-
tissimuni, R. Sesterianum. These beautiful plants,
comprising the Himalayan or large-llowering varie-
ties, are for the most part easily cultivated, and will
thrive well in a cool airy Camellia or Azalea-house.
There are three ways of increasing a stock of these
plants, viz. : — I, from seels ; 2, from cuttings ; and
3, from grafts.

I. Fro/ii Seeds.— 1( a large quantity ol plants is
required they must be obtained fr.im seeds, and as
there is great dilliculty in olitaining seed of good
quality and true to name, il will be found a good plan
to obtain the seed by arlilicial fertilisation. For ihis
purpose it will be necessary to fertilise two or Ihrtc
llowers on each plani, and when the seed-pods begin
to increase in size the plants should have all the ti'p
shoots pinched out, so as lo secure a larger proporlinn
of food for the formation of the seed-pods. Im-
mediately the seed is ripe it should be taken
from the pod and sown, having pieviously pre-
pared some shallow, well drained pans and
filled them with a mixture of lincly yilied peat,
sand, and a liltle loam, levelling ihc surface il

NCVEMEER IJ, 1884 ]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

623

Ihe soil and well watering it : the seeds should be
sown thinly on the suiface. The seed-pans should be
placed upon a damp shelf or raised platform in a house
of intermediate temperature, and as they shoukl never
be allowed to become dry it is usual lo stand the pans
upon an inch of river-sand, which should be kept well
watered. Much damage is often «!one to seeds by the
drip from (he roof ; to prevent this it is well to place
three small pots, inverted, around each pan, forming
a triangle, and to place upon them a square of glass.
Care should be taken to keep the soil damp, but if
the pans are placed in a damp position they will
seldom require watering, and it is better not to water
them often because it often produces decay. When
the seeds have germinated, and while they are still
in the seed-leaf, they should be pricked off into
shallow pans or pots and placed about a quarter of an
inch apart. It is always best to prick off young
seedlings from small seeds as soon as they have
appeared, as they are apt to "damp of!" as it is
termed — the pans to be replaced upon the shelf or
platform kept in a constantly damp state, and when
they are sufficiently strong each seedling should be
potted into a thimble pot. After watering them they
should be replaced upon the shelf or platform, upon
which should be laid a i -inch layer of river-sand to hold
the moisture around the seedlings. As they develope
they can be by degrees successively potted into larger
and suitable pots, until at last they can be taken from
the intermediate-house and placed upon a front plat-
form of a cold house. The raising of Rhododen-
drons from seeds is slow work, but it is very inter-
esting.

2. From Cuttins^s.—ll must be remembered that
in taking the cuttings the wood must be thoroughly
lipe and hard, and the growth well finished up, a
choice being made of the tops of shoots of intermediate
growth. The cuttings, which should be about
3 inches long, being made with a slanting cut as
before described for the jasmlniflorum varieties,
pot them up, pressing the soil tightly around the
plants, and put them in a shallow cutting frame,
where they should be treated in the same way as the
jasminiflorum species.

3. Ftoin Grafts. — R. arboreum as a stock is best
suited for grafting R. Edgewoithi and its varieties
upon. Side grafting is the best, and the graft should
be put on the stock as low down as possible. After
preparing the stock a cut I inch long should be
made down the side of its stem, but the knife must
be withdrawn without completing the cut, which
should be done from the outside by an inward and
downward cut so as to form a kind of cleft in which
to rest the end of the graft. Having made the
graft to fit, stock and scion should be securely bound
together, and placed in the grafting frame. Here
we may say it is difficult to obtain K. Nuttalli either
from cuttings or by grafts ; it does, however, graft
well on R. arboreum, but the difficulty is that it will
not start into growth, indeed we have seen such grafts
stand about two years before making any signs of
growth. Itcan, however, be readily obtained from seed,
and if well followed up the seedlings soon make fine
plants. R. Dalhousicc and R. Henryanum should be
grafted upon the R. Countess of Haddington or R.
Gibsonii. R. Countess of Haddington roots freely
and grows quickly, and therefore makes a very good
stock for R. Dalhousiae and its varieties.

R, Vtitchianuin. — The habit of this truly beautiful
plant is found fault with, but our experience shows
that such a complaint would never have been
made had the knife been more freely used, for
we have found that, when cut back into the old wood,
it breaks freely enough, provided the roots are in a
good state ; and if the shoots are stopped a few times
while it is growing, it soon forms a nice bushy plant.
It is quite as hardy as any of the other greenhouse
Rhododendrons, and like its allies, R. laevigatum,
R. calophyllum, R. Denisonii, R. Maddenii, R. Fal-
coner!, R. formosum, R. Jenkiosii, R. Thompsonii, R.
Aucklandii, R. camelliceflorum, and R. eximium, can
be obtained from seed and by cuttings, which should be
made in the way above described, only it is necessary
that in making cuttings of strong-growing varieties,
the weaker growth should be selected. For grafting
purposes, R. arboreum will be a good stock.

In conclusion, we may point out that the best sea-
son of the year for potting the entire collection of
greenhouse Rhododendrons is during the months of
December and January, because it is not wise to dis-
turb their roots during the warm weather. Well-
drained pots should be usedj and care should be taken

not to over-pot the plants. They should be potted in
soil composed of peat, loam, and sand, well mixed
with a little broken charcoal and ballast, and should
be kept moderately dry until the growing season
commences. T. 0.

Transplanting. — As the weather continues mild
this work may still be performed ; it should, how-
ever, be pressed forward with all possible speed, so as
to complete it before a change occurs, otherwise there
will be but little chance of delicate shrubs succeed-
ing, as the earth temperature declines so rapidly at
this season, and the atmospheric conditions are also
generally so unfavourable to growth that the opera-
tion of transplanting should not be delayed a day
longer than is absolutely necessary. The actual work
should also be performed quickly, skilfully, and
methodically— quickly so as not to expose the tender
roots to the shrivelling effects of the atmosphere. The
practice of permitting the roots of tender shrubs and
trees to be so exposed for hours is a prolific source of
failure, and cannot be sufficiently condemned. Skil-
fully and carefully, because when a tree or shrub is
deprived of the greater part of its young and fibrous
roots in performing the operation, so much longer in
proportion will it be, and so much greater will the
difficulty be in its becoming re-established. Methodi-
cally, because all garden operations, and especially
those of a delicate and difficult nature, should be
always so performed. Method and order may appear
to some practitioners synonymous with extreme slow-
ness and tediousness, but while the former excellent
traits conduce in the end to quickness and success,
aimless hurry and irregularity frequently tend to pro-
duce the very opposite results. Before commencing
to plant either trees or shrubs, the object and use for
which they are ultimately intended should be duly
considered ; such trees and shrubs only should be
chosen whose habits and characters are found
most in accordance with those objects. Due care
should also be exercised in selecting such kinds only
as will most probably succeed in the soil and situation
intended to be planted. Inattention and disregard to
this matter is frequently a source of failure and lasting
disappointment. As the operation proceeds, every
plant should be watered, mulched, and firmly secured
against storms.

Rose Garden^. — This is perhaps the most conve-
nient, if not quite so favourable a season, as the end
of October for transplanting Roses. To be success-
ful Roses must be planted in a moderately rich, if not
a deep soil ; while in a great depth of soil they appear
to succeed best in dry seasons, they do equally well if
not better, in more shallow and even comparatively
poor flinty soils, in wet seasons provided they are well
mulched with manure, to prevent injury accruing from
too rapid evaporation, or other sudden atmospheric
changes. Where it is necessary to enrich the soil
before planting, the manure employed should be
thoroughly decomposed, but where the soil is naturally
heavy and tenacious of moisture, it will be found far
preferable to give a liberal dressing of burnt earth,
mortar rubbish, or sand, with a surface after-mulch-
ing, rather than introduce any manure into the soil.
Standards are still, and will continue serviceable for
special purposes, but dwarfs are undoubtedly rapidly
regaining the position they formerly occupied.
This is not at all strange seeing they are cheaper,
more easily protected, and produce flowers quite as
freely and as fine as standards, in addition to
which they are naturally more beautiful and
can be more conveniently trained to any desired form.
Where they are intended to be grown for the purpose
of exhibition, especially if the intention is to exhibit
in the larger classes, great variety rhust, of course, be
secured ; but where the object is to compete only in
the smaller classes, or where they are intended simply
for home decoration, it will be found much more
satisfactory to grow, instead of great variety, a
larger number of plants of a few really good sorts.
As a rule there is no stock so useful for budding or
grafting upon as the Manetti, still there are many of
the Teas which succeed infinitely better on the seed-
ling Brier, or even on their own roots ; this, how-

ever, depends very much on the soil and situation in
which they are planted, and the careful cultivator
will soon see and be able to judf;c for himself which
answers the best. In planting great care should be
taken to secure the plants firmly in the ground so ?s
to prevent after-disturbance of the roots, as also lo
thoroughly protect the roots from injury by frost with
a sufficient surface mulching ; and above all things
avoid planting when the ground is in a cild, wet,
puddled coniiiiion.

The lawn will now require constant attentiun in
clearing up leaves and rubbish by ficquently sweep-
ing and rolling, otherwise it will soon become un-
sightly ; walks also will require similar treatment
so as to make them clean, dry, and pleasant to walk
upon at all times. 'F. S. C.

If the condition of the soil is not favourable to the
growth of some kinds of vegetables, something should
be done with a view to make it more so. If it is
too stiff much may be done, if the garden is properly
drained, by the liberal use of leaf-mould and chalk,
which should be well incorporated with it, and the
land ridged up roughly during the winter, so as to
fully expose it to the influence of frost. On the
other hand, if the soil is too light recourse should be
had to the use of clay, roadside parings, and such-like
materials, which will produce a mechanical change in
its quality, and thereby be rendered more suitable lo
the growth of most crops. Breadths of Cauliflowers,
which are yielding a plentiful supply, should be looked
over at short intervals, and have all full-sized heads
cut and spread out on a shelf in a cool dry thed, and
those which are not yet fully grown should have a
couple of leaves bent over them as a protection from
frost. This will be a good time to sow Peas and Beans
for the earliest crop ; they ought to be sown in drills,
about 3 inches deep, in a warm situation ; but where
there is accommodation for raising these in heat about
the end of December the latter is certainly preferable.
The following varieties of early Peas and Beans for this
and later sowings may be depended upon :— Beans
— Seville Longpod ; Peas — Early Sunrise, Suuon's
Kmerald Gem, Ringleader, William I., and Wcblj's
Wordsley Wonder— all excellent varieties. The last-
named variety is a great cropper, and will make
a good succession to the other varittles. Globe
Artichokes should have any old stems and bad
leaves that are still adhering to the plants cut away.
Then give a good surface-dressing (about 3 inches
thick, which can be dug into the ground next spring),
and upon this put a good mulching of long litter, the
latter to be wrapped closely round the crowns of the
individual plants as a protection from frost. Manure
should be wheeled on to vacant pieces of ground when
the wealher is dry and the ground firm, and when in
this condition let digging or trenching be proceeded
with. In damp weather the garden walks can be
freed from weeds and fallen leaves, and be afterwards
rolled. Manure heaps can be turned. Oak and Chest-
nut leaves raked together for hotbeds and for leaf-
mould, Pea and Bean sticks can be got in and made
ready for future use. As a rule ihere are plenty of
jobs reserved for doing on wet days (and of which
there is a good stock in hand at presen'), such as the
making and tying up of labels in dill'erent sizes for
pot plants, seed-beds, Roses, &c., and mat-lying, the
making of crooks for pegging and layering plant?,
together with the preparing, sizing, and lying up in
bundles of sticks for pot and border plants, also the
breaking, sifting, and sizing of crocks, and looking
over seed Potatos and other roots.

Forcing Department.— This is a good time to
make a sowing for early work of Tomaios in 3-inch
pots, putting two or three seeds in each pot, to be
thinned out to one plant afterwards ; place them on a
shelf near the glass in a forcing-house, to prevent
them from making a weakly growth. Attend also to
the thinning and arranging of the shoots, &c., of
established plants. Asparagus just coming through
the soil should have sufficient air admitted to prevent
the shoots from making a weak growth. Roots of
Mint and Tarragon should now be put into heat, and
as the French Beans attain to their proper size pick
them and place them in a cool dry room, wiih their
ends in water, until sufficient for a dish or an enfrtfc
have been gathered. Sow Mustard and Cress in
boxes at short intervals, so as to keep up a consianc
supply. Look over Tomatos which have bet-n
gathered and placed on the staging in late vineries to
ripen (where at the present time we have bushels),
and pick out those that show signs of decay, //. /F.
l-Fard, Longford Castle^ Wilts,

624

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15. 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroc St Morris

No

Wednesday, Nov. i

Nov. 17 \ Room .

' Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
r Sale nf the Fallowfield Collection of i.Jr-
I chids. at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
I Lincoln Chrjsantheniutn Show {two dayb).
}J Clearance Sale at Eunyard's Nursery, by
I Protheroe & Morris.

Sale ol Bulbs, Roses, and Fruit Trees, at
I the City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe &
L Morris.

iSale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms
Sale of Stock at Poder's Nursery, Sutton,
by Protheroc & Morris (two days).
fSale of Flowering Orchids, at Stevens'
I Rooms.

Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
I Rooms.
ThI'BSIiav, Nov. 20 i, Hull and East Riding Chrysanthemum
I Show (two days).

Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland's
I Winter Show.

I Taunton Fruit and Chrysanthemum Show,
f Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
L Morris' Rooms.

r Sale of Balbs, at Prothcrod & Morris'
I Rooms.

I Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
[ Rooms.

Nov

IN continuation of our remarks upon the
rationale of Pruning, it may be repeated
that its successful management depends upon
the nature and mode of growth of the plant,
varying in each case, and upon the object pro-
posed to be obtained. Suppose, for instance,
timber to be the object in view, theory and
practice alike concur that as a general rule,
subject to exception in particular cases, no
more pruning should be done than can reason-
ably be avoided. Cut away the diseased parts,
and those which are disproportionate or mis-
placed, secure the proper balance of growth,
and ensure its right direction, and leave the
rest to Nature, remembering that if meddle-
some pruning be bad, negligent pruning may
be worse. When Nature prunes she does it,
not by the removal of large limbs, but by the
removal of a large number of small twigs,
which die or lose vigour by being over-shaded,
as in the case of so many Thuias, and even in
Oaks and Poplars. The recommendation,
then, to plant thick and to thin early is a sound
one to follow as a general rule, unless in some
easily understood and exceptional cases.

In pruning for fruit the case is quite different,
and greatly depends on the nature of the tree,
whether it produce fruit-spurs or not, whether
it bear on the old or on the young wood. The
main object is, first of all, to get a tree, to secure
a framework and a sufficient supply of reserve
matter in the bark or young wood to ensure the
formation of fruit-spurs or to concentrate the
leserve matter in particular parts of the tree
where it is most likely to be useful.

The object here is first to secure a due
amount of vegetative growth, and, this done, to
direct the energies of the tree, as far as may
be, to the production of fruit-spurs. To this
end any excessive or unnecessary wood may
safely be cut away, as well as any that may
interfere with the form wished to be given to
the tree to adapt it to its growth as a pyramid
or against a wall. The numerous methods of
effecting this are known and generally prac-
tised. The result of these procedures is seen
in the uniform proportion and balance of the
vegetative and of the reproductive organs,
which skilful pruners, especially those of the
old school, were so successful in obtaining.

In the case of pruning'for flowers — as, for in-
stance, in Roses — the object is toj.secure perfec-
tion in the flower. Here perhaps more than in
any other case the horror of the theorist is
excited ; here perhaps the procedures of the
pruner are most radical. Here, therefore, is it
more particularly desirable to remember that
the object is not timber — not even fruit or seed
— but simply brilliant flower. There is com-
paratively less necessity for the accumulation of
reserve stores, as the flowers form rapidly on
the wood of the year, quickly assimilate the
food they obtain, and utilise it at once. The
cutting away of the old reserve organs is, there-
fore, of the less consequence, and, moreover,
even where the hardest pruning is practised there

is the reserve in the stock still available, and the
roots are ready to come to the aid of the newly
formed leaves at once. Then again hard
pruning for Roses finds a justification in the
fact that the Rose is " spring tender," starts
early into growth, and thus is liable to have its
shoots killed by frost. The delay occasioned by
hard pruning obviates this loss. Never-
theless, Roses do die, and no doubt they would
not die so soon were the extension system more
generally practised, but the results to the Rose
lover would assuredly not be so satisfactory. In
the case of the Vine the general principles are
the same as in the Rose, but the Vine is less
often grafted, and contains in the old rods a
large relative amount of reserve nutriment.
Here again the gardener has to consider
whether it will pay him best to have
a perpetuity of small bunches or a number
of larger ones of better quality for a shorter
period— whether the extension system will suit
his requirements better than the rod and spur
system usually adopted. No doubt if the pro-
duction of matured seed and robust seedlings
were the object the extension system would
practically and theoretically, be the best in the
long run, but for general purposes we require
the fruit and not the seed — the requirements,
as was stated in a previous article, being
different in the two cases, at least in degree.

The same general principles apply in the
case of root pruning, a procedure utterly at
variance with the benefit of the individual
plant ; but which, when judiciously managed,
is of great benefit to the cultivator, and of no
appreciable harm (under the circumstances) to
the plant.

With pruning is necessarily associated train-
ing, the objects of which are identical, and
which ensures an equal amount of leaf action
by a smaller number of leaves because each
leaf and each bud is, by skilful pruning and
training, so placed as to get the most advantage
from the light and heat. Each leaf here is
placed under the most favourable circumstances
possible, and has not to fear the injurious com-
petition of its fellows. In fact, each leaf is in a
degree placed under the same favourable con-
ditions that a plant in a pot in a greenhouse is,
as compared with one planted out, and having
to take its chance among a host of com-
petitors. In spite, therefore, of the now
wholly untenable explanations afforded by the
gardener and forester, and to which we alluded
in a previous article, their practice is abundantly
justified both by results and by modern theory
when the objects of the operation are duly con-
sidered, and the mode of growth and habit of
life of the plants duly weighed.

The Royal Society. — We learn that the

Gold Medal of this society has been awardeti this
year to Professor Oliver. Those who know his
single-minded devotion to his duties and to the pro-
motion of botany, will know how well this com-
pliment has been earned.

Salvia Bethelli. — Mr. A. Outram

writes us that we have made a mistake in our last
week's issue as regards the above plant. He says
that he noticed it growing inMr, Wakefield's garden
at Sedgwick, and asked Mr. Bethell, the gar-
dener, where he obtained it, and was told that he
had raised it from seed. Our correspondent fails to
give more precise details as to the parentage of the
plant, or from where obtained, if not raised by hybrid-
isation at Sedgwick.

Linnean Society of London. — Meeting,

Thursday, November 20, at 8 P.M. Papers to be
read : — 1. ** Remarks on Cinchona Ledgeriana as a
Species;" by E. M. Holmes. 2. "Notes on the
Habits of Australian Hymenoplera ; " by H. L.
RoTT. 3. "Botanical Notes from Darjeeling to
Tonglo and Sumdukphor ; " by C. B. Clarke. —
On Thursdiiy, the 6th inst., the first meeting of the
present session was held. Sir John Lubbock, the
President, alluded in appropriate terms to the loss
the Society had experienced in the death o( Mr.
Bentham. In reference to the legacy left by that
gentleman to the Society, the President stated that

Mr. Bentham had some years ago announced to
him his intention, and while making no conditions
whatever, and desiring to leave the Council free to
apply the money as they thought best for the
interests of the Society, he nevertheless suggested
that the money might be applied to the improvement
of the library.

Treaty with Spain. — In consequence of

the certainty that a commercial treaty will early be
concluded between Great Britain and Spain a first-
class weekly business newspaper has been started
under the title of Za Gaceta Espanola. It is devoted
to the interest of manufacturers and traders anxious
to avail themselves of the opportunity for opening up
a trade with Spain and Spanish America.

Pandanus odoratissimus. — A female

plant of this bold and strong growing species flowered
some months ago in the Palm-house at Kew, and
the green Pine-apple-like fruit may still be seen
hanging ; it is of considerable size, although unfer-
tilised. A smaller specimen of a male plant has
been flowering abundantly there for some time, and
the inflorescence is totally different in character from
that of the former. The stamens are borne in small
stalked whorls, forming dense spikes that are lateral
to the spadix or main axis of the inflorescence.
These spikes are protected by large straw-coloured
spathes that render the flowering of this plant more
conspicuous than the seed-bearing one. The male
flowers, also, are possessed of the delicious fragrance
implied in the specific name. This odour is the more
powerful when the atmosphere is laden with moisture
and raised in temperature by sun-heat. The species
is figured in Roxburgh's IHants of the Coast of Coro-
niandel^ i., t. 94—6.

Gumming Roses. — According to the Hon.

Secretary of the Leek Rose Society several Rose
blooms in the winning s^and of twenty-four at a
recent exhibition were proved to have been gummed.
Disqualification followed, when, as it is alleged, the
opinion of the National Rose Society was asked on
the point, with the result that in the judgment of the
committee the "exhibitor was not disqualified." As
no explanation had been given of this seemingly
extraordinary verdict the views of several leading
rosarians were obtained, all of whom stated in
reply that the practice ol gumming is inadmissible.
We know nothing of the circumstances of the case
beyond what has been made public, but we share in
the astonishment that such an opinion should have
been given by the committee of the National Rose
Society. It is to us utterly unintelligible, unless there
be some point in the case not hitherto made public.
It may be said that "dressing" is allowed in the
case of other florists' flowers, and whatever may
be said about the propriety of this practice
it is, at least, carrietl on openly, and neither
the judges nor the florist-amateurs are deceived.
For market purposes, or for bouquet work, Roses
or other flowers may legitimately be gummed,
but we protest emphatically against any such practice
in any cases where the object of the exhibition is to
show the natural perfection of the flower, or the skill
of the cultivator. If dressing and gumming are to
be allowed at all at flower shows it should only be on
condition that the fact is stated publicly, so that not
even the veriest novice need be deceived,

Double Flowers of Lapageria rosea. —

We have received from Mr. Greenfield, Priory
Gardens, Warwick, a double flower of this Lapageria
which he states has been produced on a plant of the
single variety. It is a medium proportioned flower of
good substance, having the normal outer petals, but
the inside of the flower or the double parts are com-
posed of three smaller petals having a corymbiferous
growth at the apex of each of them which quite fills
up the centre of the flower. This malformation, if
it should prove constant, will besought after by those
who are fond of any departure from the usual types
of flowers.

Royal Meteorological Society, — At

the ordinary meeting of the Society, to be held, by
kind permission of the Council of the Institution of
Civil Engineers, at 25, Great George Street, West-
minster, on Wednesday, the 19th inst., a 7 P.M., the
following papers will be read : — "A New Method of
Reading the Direction of the Wind on Exposed
Heights and from a Distance ;" by Hugo Lkupold,

626

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NovF.MnER 15. 1SS4.

F.R.Met.Soc. " Description of a Component Ane-
mograph;" by Alfred N. Pearson, F.R.Met.Soc.
*' On ihe Injury by Lightning (April 2S, 1SS4) to the
Monument to the first Duke of Sutherland, at Lille-
shall, Shropshire;" by C. C. Walker. "On the
Mechanical Characteristics of Lightning Strokes ;" by
Colonel the lion. Arthur Parnell.

Chrysanthemums at Mr. W. Holmes',

Frampton Park. Nurserv. — Although Mr.
IIOLMF.s does not make a specialty of Chrysanthe-
mems, he has some exceedingly well grown sped-
muns, which, if not numerous, are very choice ; only
the very best sorts being grown, and as a sample of
what can be done with these plants in a very con-
fined space, surrounded with high buildings, will
compare favourably with any. As most of the varie-
ties have been in bloom for some weeks, they are
beginning to lose their freshness ; but there are still
some grand blooms of the following :— Golden Dr.
Brock, fine canary-yellow, incurved ; Mrs. Crossfield,
a fine flush pink sport from White Globe; Duchess
of Manchester, scarce, a most promising variety, violet,
with white centre ; also John Salter, very fine ;
General Slade, Lord Wolseley, and many other well
known varieties.

Blight ox the Green Crops.— Any one

walking through the London market gardens at the
present time will not fail to notice how much the
large breadths of Coleworts, so much grown for
market purposes, are affected by blight. They are
what the market gardeners term " lousy," and on in-
specting the hearts of the plants they are seen to be
covered with blight, and the fear is that many of the
plants will go blind in consequence or be spoiled for
market purposes. Sharp frost is considered by the
market gardeners the best remedy, though a drenching
rain would no doubt do something towards cleansing
the plants. In many cases the Brussels Sprouts are
affected in the same way, but the late crops suffer
most, the early well established plants appear to be
clean and healthy.

Plain Speaking. — At a ruri-deconal con-

erence of some of the clergy of Buckinghamshire,

reccnily held at Slough, a paper was read by the Rev.
P. W. PniPPS, the Vicar of Upton-cum-Chalvey, on
*' The Recreation of the People." The speaker dwelt
on the impoitance of providing recreation and allot-
ment grounds in urban and rural districts. In some
parishes landowners allowed their land to be used for
these purposes." But in how many parishes are the
poor deprived of these, and find themselves and their
families restricted to the roads for life. It is very sad
to think of the terrible injury inflicted on the country
under the name of increasing commercial prosperity,
by the sale and alienation of village greens, ranges,
and waste lands. It is true that rights were nomi-
nally respected, for every family had a piece of
ground assigned to it in place of their rights ; but in
the course of a few years generally that land was sold
for a few pounds, and the family was none the
richer, while the neighbouring landowners obtained
the ground." So diflicult is it found to acquire land
for recreation ground, that the speaker recommended
an Act of Parliament giving compulsory powers to
local boards and urban authorities for the acquisition
of lands for public parks and recreation grounds,
exactly as they are given to railway companies.
Other clergymen bore testimony to the difficulty
they experienced in their parishes in getting ground
from the landowners for the purposes of cricket,

Cola Nut. — At the last meeting of the

Linnean Society Mr. T. Christy showed some
seedling Colas, in which the thick fleshy cotyledons
had not been buried, and which, in consequence, had
assumed a green colour. More curious still, the
plumule, instead of producing a lealy shoot, was
developed into a small many-flowered inflorescence
about i.i inch high.

Chrysanthemums at Messrs. S. Dixon

& Co.'s, Hackney. — There is an exceedingly fine
display o( these flowers to be seen here. About 2000
plants, in 400 varieties, are arranged in a suitable
house, 120 feet by 25 feet, having a serpentine walk
running from end to end, which allows of the plants
being arranged in groups, short or tall, as the case
may be, producing both a novel and pleasing effect.
All are well grown and include the pick of the dif-
ierent sections, no poor varieties being kept ; if any-

thincj, Anemone- flowered varieties are the finest,
although some fine blooms of other kinds are to be
seen. There were some especially fine flowers of
Lady Margaret, a pure white Anemone ; also Duchess
of Edinburgh, a while Japanese Anemone, with a lilac
centre; and Maeen Margaret, a rosy-lilac flower of
the same class. A sport from Source Japonaise also
deserves mention, as in the parent plant the flowers
are large incurved, but are a very dark violet, with
the petals thickly covered with tiny spikelets, causing
the bloom to have a very distinct appearance. There
were some fine blooms of the fine, large, dark violet
Japanese J. Delaux, also Bronze Dragon, Source
d'Or, Lord Beaconsfield, and many others,

Tropical African Mountain Flora. — A

very interesting collection of plants has been brought
to Kew by that intrepid African explorer, Mr. Ji.isli'H
Thomson, madeduring his late journey into the Masai
country. They have been examined by Professor
Oliver, and consist of about thirty-five species from
Kilimanjara at 9000 to 10,000 feet of elevation ; a few
from a crater near Lake Nairasha at 7000 to Sooo feet
elevation ; thirty-four from the Kaptc plateau at 5000
to 6qco feet ; and fifiy-eight from Lykipia, at 6000 to
Sooo feet. These collections exhibit the mingling of
north temperate types with others characteristic of
southern Africa, for which previous discoveiies had
prepared us. Of these the most interesting are, as
new to tropical Africa, an Anemone, a Delphinium
(very different from the Abyssinian Delphinium dasy-
caulon), and a Cerastium of remarkable habit. Of
Sonth African forms the most striking is the hand-
some arborescent Rutaceous plant, Calodendron
capense, the * 'curled Chestnut "of Natal, to the north of
which it had not previously been found. Of northern
forms is a Juniper, another genus unknown to tropical
Africa [except in Abyssinia], and which was found
forming groves at an elevation of 6000 to isooo
feet, and itself attaining a height of 100 feet ! It
is the J. procera of Abyssinia. A Podocarpus,
gathered along with the Juniper, and also attaining
100 feet in height, is probably the P. elongata of
Abyssinia, which, or a near ally, also occurs in
South Africa. The only other Conifer previously
found in the equatorial regions of Africa is the Podo-
carpus Mannii from the peak of St. Thomas in the
Gulf of Guinea. J. D. Hooker in ''Nature,'' Oct, 30.

The Rainfall and the Land.— The un-
usually light rainfall of the last twelve months
throughout England has had the natural effect of
reducing the land to such a dry state as rarely occurs.
But, diy as the summer has been, taking the country
collectively, as usual, the rainfall has been far from
uniform. From time to time we read of several wet
days in succession in the northern counties, but
nothing beyond light passing showers, barely suffi-
cient to lay the dust, comes about London or south
thereof. Only last week in some parts of Yorkshire
as much as 4 inches of rain was registered, whilst
about the metropolis the dust was blowing in clouds
a few hours after the little rain we had fell. The
outcome of this is that now, the middle of
November, the land is drier probably than ever it
has been known at this season within the memory
of any one living. In confirmation of this we
may say that in several gardens in the western
suburbs large Hollies, twenty or thirty years planted
in shrubberies accessible to the roots of old de-
ciduous trees, might be seen with their leaves flag-
ging and in a half shrivelled condition, just as il the
heads were severed from the roots ; whilst Aucubas,
Laurels, and Rhododendrons, under like conditions of
the roots, were equally as bad. It is no unusual
occurrence to see the last of the above evergreens
droop in a dry time during summer for want of mois-
ture, but with so little solar heat as the advanced
season now affords the condition of the evergreens
named is unprecedented. To predict about the
weather for any length of time beforehand is a specu-
lative proceeding, still one thing is certain, that it
will require an unusually wet winter to bring the land
about London to its ordinary moist state 3 or 4 feet
below the surface,

Nymph. MAS AT Kew. — There has been along

and beautiful display of Water Lilies this year in the
house devoted to the cultivation of a colleclion of
these plants at Kew, An alteration in the healing
arrangements for the water-tank was effected at the
beginning of the year, the necessity for which is shown
by the results. Ever since the end of April last, when

the delicate coloured N. odorata rosea expanded its
first flower, this house has been a great attraction to
visitors to these gardens. In July and August it was
not unusual to find over a hundred blooms expanded
at one time. Unfortunately this splendid display
was enjoyed only by the very few visitors who had
access to the houses before noon, as it was between
the hours of ten and eleven in the morning that the
Nymphceaswere to be seen in greatest perfection. Even
in the afternoon there was and still is a good number
of flowers open, for although all the white and red
varieties of the very variable N. Lotus had folded up
their beautiful petals by noon, the blue and variegated
flowers borne by the different forms of N. stellata, N.
gigantea, and the yellow flowered N. flava were
numerous and varied enough to make a good display.
On Monday afternoon (Nov. 10) last we counted
thirty-three Nymphx-a flowers all open together. It
is singular that the regularity with which the
different species of these plants close and open their
flowers during the summer months, when they are
full of vigour, does not hold at the present time, for
we noticed that most of the species and varieties
which in summer fold their flowers before noon, re-
main open long into the afternoon at the present time.
No doubt the absence of bright sunlight and other
causes affect this character as well as the health of the
whole plant. Should the weather be bright and clear
there is every prospect of these plants continuing in
flower up to Christmas.

Gros Maroc Grape.— Mr. Gilbert, of

Burghley, forwarded to our office a bunch of this
Grape, which he stated had hung on the Vine till
thoroughly ripe. We found the flavour of the big,
beiulifuliy coloured berries much superior lo Gros
Colmar, and wiih a skin far less tough than that
and other late keepers. It was a handsome, welU
formed bunch, of a sort that ought, when better
known, to find many admirers.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Nov. 10, 1884, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather has been cloudy or dull in ail
parts of the kingdom, some large amounts of rain
have fallen over Ireland and Scotland, but in Eng-
land, though rain occurred on several days, the falls
have been much less heavy. The temperature has
been above the mean in all the districts, the excess
ranging from 1° in " Ireland, S." and 2" in *' Scot-
land, N.," to 5° in " Scotland, W." and to 6° in
" England, S." The maxima, which were recorded
on different days in the various districts, ranged from
61 in " England, S." [and 60^ in "England, E."
and the " Channel Islands " to 55° in *' Ireland, N."
and 54* in Scotland, N.' The minima were generally
registered either on the 4th, Sth, or loih, and varied
from 26"^ in *' Ireland, S." and 29^ over eastern, cen
tral, and southern England to 38" in " Scotland, W."
and 45" in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has
Leen considerably more than the mean over Ireland
and Scotland, and slightly so in the " Midland (_oun-
ties," but rather less elsewhere. Bright sunshine has
been less prevalent than it was last week in most dis-
tricts, the percentages of the possible duration varying
from 10 in " England, N.E.," and 11 in " England,
S.W., to 29 in "Scotland, E.," and 31 in "Eng-
land, E.," and to 43 in the "Channel Islands."
Depressions observed : — During the whole of this
period pressure was highest in the southern parts of
our area, while depressions travelled north-north-
easterly over, or to the westward of, our extreme
western and norihern coasts, and oneor two subsidiaiy
disturbances in an easterly or north easterly direction
over our southern counties. The winds were conse-
quently between south and west very generally, and,
though moderate or fresh on mgst days, they reached
the force of a gale from south or south-west on our
western and northern coasts on the 4ih and 5ih, and
again from the same direction on the Sth. At the
end of the week the high pressure area was moving
north-easterly towards Denmark, and the wind over
the greater part of England had become light and
variable.

GAUDENiNt; Appointments. — William

Holder, late Eoreman, Patshull Gardens, as Head
Gardener to the Hon. S, H. Jolliffe, Appleby
Hall, Alherstone.— Mr. C. Deavin, late Head Gar-
dener to Colonel the Hon. C. R. Hay, Harewood
Lodge, Sunninghill, has been appointed Head Gar-
dener to Uowi.AND Winn, Esq., M.P., Nostell
Priory, Wakefield.

NOVEMBFR IJ. 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

627

J4o|^E j30RRf:3P0^(D£p^CE.

Lasiandra macrantha.— In the gardens of
Donald Mctiregor, Ksq.,of Craigroyston, Merchiston,
near Edinburgh, there is at present a plant o( Lasi-
andra macrantha floribunda upwards of 7 feet in
height and 5 feet through at the base, bearing nearly
a thousand blooms in various stages of expansion.
The sight presented l>y this magnilicent pyramid of
that lovely shade of blue peculiar to this flower can
be better imagined than described. This plant was
struck from a caning three years ago, and is at present
growing in a tit's in the orchard-house, in the rudest
and most vigorous health. The cultivation of this
splendid specimen reflects the highest credit upon the
skill of Mr. D)kes, the gardener here, who has hid
instructions from his employer to show any one
interested in these matters the plant referred to, be-
sides which many specimens of other choice plants
may be seen. Surely this variety of Lasiandra is not
so much grown nor so well known as it ought to be,
7. Dozcuu:

The Potato Disease. — I must ask leave to
set myself right with Mr. Plowright by saying,
that in referring to the Jensenian theory (?) I did
not thereby mean to suggest that Mr, Jensen was
the actual discoverer of the external operation of the
Peronospora spores on Potato tubers {I have been of
that opinion for several years), but rather desired to
c:>nvey that, in being the first to discover, or rather to
employ the soil as a protective body to the tubers,
h? was entitled to the credit of reducing floating
knowledge to actual practice. I shall he very in-
terested to learn what Mr. Plowright has to
say about the introduction of disease spots inside
the tubers, without any external evidence being found
that such aflection of the flesh existed. There is no
more diflicull point to clear up in relation to the
Potato disease than this, if we except the one other
curious point, that of some score or more soits grow-
ing side by side, and all very like throughout, except
perhaps in some shipe or form of leafage, yet that
two kinds out of the lot are diseased, perhaps badly,
whilst all the rest are sound. Amongst kinds which
show the internal spot very largely and commonly is
Prizetaker, one of our best cooking Potatos, dry,
fl )ury, and well flavoured. This, when cut through,
often shows the flesh of the tubers speckled through-
out, and gen- rally, as far as the naked eye can
determine, disconnectedly. How is that appearance
produced, and why is that kind suhj^-ct to it?
How much does the speck so commonly seen in
kibston, Blenheim, and Cox's Orange Pippin*, and
some other Apples, accord with this apparent disease
in Potatos ? What is the cause of this speck in the
Apple, and has it any affinity to the same appearance
in the Potato? A. D.

Edged Auriculas — *' White Rival." — Mr.
D iuglia' interesting note in a recent issue of the
Gay<j't- tiers' C/i>oi/ii /e remin;1s me of a curious circum-
stin:e preceding the publication of Mr. D.'s note.
Wnen re porting ab')ut a month sine?, the pot rolled
off the stand accidentally, and smashed the stem right
across at the juiicuon with the soil. My collection was
toosnuU to throw away even this if it could be retained,
so I 1 Ijnged the old stump up to the leaves in moist
soil ; m idc it firm, and shaded. Though that old stem
had seen several summers, it threw out new roots, and
so far — it is now after being re-potted — seems likely to
see several more summers come and go. This is a
system of propagation, and I might add reproduction,
I have n')t hitherto seen referred to, and may be worth
noting. /K 7. JMurl'hy.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— I have read with much interest what has
Utety appeared in your columns on this subject, and
I mn-.t sincerely cingratulate Mr. Coleman upon his
very successful efl iris in this cause. His lines, how-
ever, I may be allowed to say, appear to have been
ca^t in more pleasant places than has fallen to my Int.
I have subscribed to the Institution for seventeen
years, and during a)l that time I have endeavoured
by every means in my power to induce others to do
so, but I regret to say with but little success. It is
Slid there are something like 20,000 gardeners in
England, and if so, sixpence from each of them would
nnre than raise the required sum, a sum required by
the promoters to enable them to increase the amount
of annuity paid to as large a number as possible of
their aged and indigent brethren. There are possibly
few bodies of men who appear to regard each other
with more kindly feeling than gardeners do. They
speak of each other as brother gardeners, brothers of
the spade, &c., but at the same lime they show but
scant alacrity in rendering pecuniary assistance to
their needy and aged brethren. I know all about the
straitened circumstances cf too many gardeners, and I
V rry much regret the circumstance. I know that
even a guinea per annum is to many of them a serious
matter. But where there is a will there is generally

a way to be found, and at the present time an elTort
should certainly be made to accomplish this desirable
object. Anything like apathy on the part of gar-
deners will not be creditable to them, and may tend
to intensify the feeling which to some extent already
exists and others, besides your correpondenl alluded
to at p. 52S, may feel constrained to say that they do
not longer care to help those who can, but will not,
help themselves. I will, however, double my sub-
scription for the current y^ar. and will ask you to
kindly hand the enclosed cheque for the amount,
along with, I hope, many such, to Mr. Cutler, the
worthy and indefatigable secretary of the Institution.
P, G,

Permit me as a subscriber to the above In-
stitution, and also as a somewhat humble but earnest
member of the gardening fraternity, to re-echo Mr.
Coleman's remarks at p. 597, as to the disgrace that
should and will rest on gardeners generally if
they do not one and all make a strong pull
together to get the necessary sum so as to
enable the committee to raise the pension to £10
as wished. By all means let us have as many Mr.
Colemans as possible, still do not let his great
success prevent others who may not be so energetic,
or perhaps occupy such a favourable position, from
adding their mite. Most gardeners who have been
for any length of time in their situations will have
neighbours who are more or less indebted to them for,
say, a few bedding plants, &:c., and who'would doubt-
less give if requested. I mention this because I have
myself found it so. If 600 gardeners could get, say,
^1 each, the thing would be done irrespective of those
who might get larger sums. Local tradesmen, too,
whom gardeners have business transactions with,
would doubtless help. I dare say there are many
who from various causes do not care to address their
employers on the subject, but who could help in the
way I have mentioned. I have hopes the sum will
be raised, but the sooner it is done the better, H, J ,
Clayton^ Griinslon.

Mr. Westcott's idea at p. 597, of instructing

his foreman in the particulars of the Gardenerj.'
Benevolent Augmentation Fund, is a good one, and
ought to be imitated largely. I should not have
entered into the matter only to show what can be
done when a person has his heart in a good cause. To
my kitchen garden foreman, known in these gardens
for thirty-five years as *' Thomas Gale,'' a few years
since I explained the good of the Society ; he at
once sent ten guineas, and became a life member.
Mr. Cutler sent him a collecting-card at the first issue
of the Augtneniation cards. He sent in his last July
card a few weeks since with the good sum of ^3 ;
his two previous cards were hard on to ^6. His
heart is always big for helping widows, so Thomas
heads the card with half-a-guinea as a feeler. His
way of proceeding is very simple, and generally suc-
cessful. Any visitor entering his domains is eagerly
watched, and if thought likely, Thomas respectfully
places the card into his hands, and requests the
visitor to look it over ; all the while Thomas is
pleading for the gardener's widow, forgetting how
many aged and lame gardeners are ending their days
with the small comfort the So-ieiy i> able to afford
them. Mr. Cutler sent him another card a few days
since, and as Thomas thinks it is a duly for him to
collect, he is again busy among the charitable, plead-
ing for the widows, and for whom he always votes.
I understand Mr. Cutler wrote him a complimentary
letter, and wished there were many more like him.
Mr. Coleman's letter wants printing in letters of gold,
as the sura to be collected is needful and urgent. In
addition to my yearly subscription, I gave a guinea
to the Augmentation Fund this year, and I ask others
to give more if they can. William Cith'crwt'll,
TJioi pe Pcmnv.

The Lilac. — It is years and years ago — how long
I can scarcely tell, but it is far away in the dim
distance of bygone times — that I saw a Lilac, one
simple bush planted in a sheltered sunny spot on a
lawn— a bright, green, close-shaven, well-kept lawn.
The hand of man had been busy with regard to the
lawn, and there it was, level, green, and a quiet rest
for tired eyes to look on. Not so the Lilac. The
hand of man had done nothing for it but to plant it
where it stood, backed up at a short distance with
dark evergreens. \'es, it was left to itself to grow as
it would, and it had developed into one of the most
beautiful plant sights I ever saw. The lower branches
laid on the ground, and from them it rose to the
shape of a rather flattened cone, which was clothed
to the very ground with a rich array of blossom.
I shall never forget the beauty nor the joy I felt when
I looked at that Lilac ; and then and there I said to
myself, " If ever I have a large garden I should like
an avenue of Lilacs, with a grass border on each side,
a gravel path down the centre, and a seat at each
end, that I might sit and admire when in bloom. I
have had the large garden but not " the avenue ; " but
I have had more than fifty varieties of this beautiful
shrub— whites, reds, tricolors, bluish, blush-purples,
doubles, with habits coarse and habits fine, and I have
wondered, and I still wonder, how or why it is one so

seldom sees these lovely garden ornaments in variety
where we look for taste and the culture of pictorial
elliict. Ai " now is the timii for transplaiting " trees
and shrubs I venture to call the attenlion ol my fcUnw
gtrdeners to this neglected, beautiful, and highly
deciralive shrub. Take, for instance, Alba grandi-
llora, with its grand spikes of bloom and its lofty
growth (is a shrub) ; put by the side of it Charles X ,
with Its gorgeous purple, then make a triangle wiih
Gloire de Moulines, hedge ihem in with the Persian
and the lesser French white. What a group of beauty !
But there are pleniy of others to deal with— reds,
peach colour, and lilac5~prop';r to strew about among
other flowering denizens of the garden. Try the
Lilacs (of colours), and you will find them "a thing
of beauty and a joy for ever." Harrison Weir,

Hcdychium Gardnerianum. — Seeing the two
articles which appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle oi
October iS and 25, on the growth and treatment of
the Hedychium Gardnerianum it will probably be in-
teresting to hear of its growth planted out-ofdoors in
t'ornwall. At present there is a plant of the above
which was planted several years since by the side of a
wall at the east end of a vinery; this season it ha* made
sixteen young growths, some of which are above 5 feet
high and 6 inches in circumference : each shoot has
produced a long raceme of bloom, some being
16 inches in length. I never saw it growing in the
houses at Kew or elsewhere so luxuriantly as it has
grown here this season out-of-doors : it is growing in a
gravelly loamy soil, no preparation having been
made for it. It has not had any water given it during
the season, and this has been the driest summer known
in Cornwall for a number of years. W, Jknnctt^
Mcnatilly^ Cornioall.

Storing Gladioli Corn:is.— I should have pos-
sibly forgotten my promise— having so frequently in
your columns referred to my favourite flower— only
for th2 friendly reminder of " W. McL , Glasgow,"
last issue, to offer some remarks on this subject. I
may premise that my observations now solely refer
to the hybrids of G. gandavensis, as almost all the
early flowering Virieties, such as G. cernuus, G. Col-
viilei, G. ramosus, G. brenchleyenbis, G. byzantinu';,
&c., when planted out, take care of themselves for
some years, with the single excep'.ion of G. Colvillei
The Bride — a pure white-green. Isolated clumps
have existed in our mild climate here for years out-
doors, but I think it far too good and useful to be
left unprotected in a severe season in Scotland in the
beds, except the small corms that I would not expect
to flower. These are already over the ground with
me, and must have soms short stable litter as protec-
tion, which, by the way, would vastly benefit and
increase the size of the blooms in the varieties above-
named. This last remark is apropos at the present
time. Usually I lift the corms before this time ; but
they seem so green and healthy, and are so evidently
ben;fiied by ihe present mild moist weather — as I
write the shade thermometer stands at 60° Fahr. —
that I see no occasion to do so yxA yet. Storing
Gladioli I look on as a perfecting of the maturaii m.
Admitting this, and regarding it as the key to the
matter, methods of diung so are of secondary con-
sideration. Whatever method is adopted when the
corms are lifted, with the attached stem parliallv
green, on no account should the stem be broken efl
and the still imperfectly ripened corm stowed away in
a paper bag. Shrivelling, mildew, and ultimately rot-
tenness would be the result ; and it would be all
the more likely if the corms were some of the fintr
hybrids of Souchet, Kelway, or Campbell (Gourocki.
Except the corms are thoroughly dried out and
ripened I object to putting them in paper bags.
My favourite plan is to lift the whole root, without
shaking off the *'spawn ; " put them standing upright
against the wall of an inner room, where the atmo-
sphere is tolerably dry; surround ihein there (I
mean the corm--) with any sort of moi^t sand, and
let them slowly dry. When dry the stem comes
away easily, and the corms are quite firm. O^ing to
having a lot of other business on hand I seldom get
time to do more than examine mine casually, until I
am preparing to re-label them — about the end of
February. It only remains to add that I lie the label
to the stem, and seldom find any mistake through
varieties getting mixed. OA'ing to the splendid
weather we had during the past summer for matura-
tion of the foliage, which I consider of first import-
ance. I would expect Gladioli corms to be the finest
we have had for many years. W, J. Murphy,
Clonmcl.

The Mild Season and Chrysanthemums in
the Open Air. — It is now November 12, and so far,
practically, without any frost. I only lifted my
tuberous Begonias yesterday, while Dahlias are still
growing, without a damaged leaf, and they are sus-
ceptible to even 1° below 32" V. ; yet flowers for
cutting are becoming scarce. From this point of
view I often wonder why every gardener, amateur
and even cottager, does not clothe his walls and
sunny open spaces with Chrysanthemums. From
this forward, and including the early varieties, during

628

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

the past six weeks, they give, or gave, a large amount
of blooms for cutting. No matter how large the
collection inside is, people are shy of cutting them,
while outdoors ihey grow in profusion ; and if
thinned, and fed occasionally with liquid manure,
blooms ofien fit for exhibition can be secured, I can
cut bouquets in numbers Irom about one hundred
varieties without stint. All except large Anemones
do well. W, 7. Murphy, Cloumd.

Ten days ago 1 gathered a small basket of ripe

Strawberries, and again to-day (November 10) there
is a quantity ripe, and this from plants which bore a
heavy crop of fruit in the summer. The variety is
VicomtesscHericartdeThury. A'. Greenfield, IVarxvuk,

Iris hexagona.— I am sorry to say a slight error
{not of a botanical kind) has crept into the de-
scription of Iris hexagona. I receive the credit of
having flowered the bloom figured in the Bot. Ma^.^
whereas it should be given to Mr. Lynch ; see his
note in the Gardeners' Chronicle of this year. I
showed the bloom for Mr. Lynch at the Scientific
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
afterwards sent it to Kew together with some flowers
of my own, and thus the mistake arose. Apart
from simple justice, I should be the last person
to deprive Mr. Lynch of his deserts, for I, perhaps,
know more fully than most people how much his
skill and energy have done for our Botanic Garden
at Cambridge. L hexagona is undoubtedly a very
handsome Iris; but it cannot be regarded as an
ordinary garden plant, for, growing as it does
straight on into winter, it is apt — in most places
at least — to be cut by winter frosts and damaged.
It does not do at all in a pot, and so far I
have failed to flower it by growing it in a frame. The
surest way of flowering it is to do what Mr. Lynch did,
and plant it out in a greenhouse. Besides which it
will I think be necessary to divide it frequently, per-
forming the operation just after flowering time. Each
bud of the rhizome grows away from its base at a
tremendous rate, .so that in a very short time a regular
latticework is formed with growing buds at the
margin only ; it is these buds at the margin which
flower, and which do not get adequate nourishment if
the plant is left to itself. I. cuprea or fulva, which in
many respects is closely allied to I. hexagona, needs
the same treatment. This was very well shown by an
experiment made by Mr. Barr during the past year.
He divided a dense stool of I. cuprea, which had
obstinately refused to flower— and many of the pieces
separated flowered in the following summer. Most
Irises, as far as my experience goes, flower best when
let alone ; but these two Irises at least are exceptions
to the rule. AI. Foster^ Shelford, Ca?nbs.

Impatiensjerdonise.— A beautiful figure of this
compact little Balsam is given in the Botanical Alas^a-
zine, t. 4739- It is at once curious and highly orna-
mental, with an outward form so totally different from
those in general cultivation, that it might well consti-
tute a natural section of the genus. This difference,
moreover, is one merely of development and not of
structure. The petals are yellow, while the sepals are
partly so and partly green. The curiously curved
spur IS bright red, or more properly crimson, and by
its abnormal enlargement has nearly absorbed all the
rest of the flower, which is thus held in subordination
both as to size and decorative effect. Another feature
of importance is that the fleshy stems can be conveyed
to a distance after the manner of a tuber or a bulb. It
is a native of the Neilgherries, and a flowering plant
may be seen in the Begonia-house at Kew. J. F,

Late Peas. — As evidence of the unusually fine
autumn, or the usefulness of Bruce Findlay Pea,
kindly sent for trial by Messrs. Kelway, of Langpoii,
or it may be due to each that I have been enabled to
gather green Peas of excellent quality every day up
to this date (November 3). The plants are free from
mildew, they are growing vigorously, and flowering
freely, and appear capable of yielding a good supply
for some time yet, unless killed by frost. T. Challis,

Violets, — As your correspondent "J. S." in a
recent number states, "the Czar Violet promises to be
plentiful when the right season comes." Ours are in
the same condition — I have, in fact, gathered a fine lot
of flowers from them already ; however, I look forward
for their good time to come further on in the season.
Marie Louise Violet has been abundant for some time
past, for it is so easily managed and brought into
bloom early. I tried a lew plants in 5-inch pots last
season, and well they did, and when full of bloom
they were very acceptable for filling the drawing-room
vases. Thos. Garneli, Cavendish Gardens, S. IV,

Cassia corymbosa. — The deep yellow masses 01
flowers produced by this species are very conspicuous
at some little distance, when they appear like yellow
Jasmine greatly magnified. It is so nearly hardy
that when planted out in a sheltered position, or
preferably against a wall, it continues in a healthy
floriferous condition till quite late in the autumn. A
large specimen against a wall in the herbaceous

ground, Kew, has few competitors at this season to
engage the attention of cultivators. It is sometimes
erroneously grown under the name of C. sophera, but
the former has three pairs of oblong lanceolate,
slightly sickle-shaped leaflets, with an oblong gland
between the lower pair, while the latter has six or
eight pairs of narrower leaves with a cluster of glands
between each pair of leaflets. The plant is figured
in the Botanical Majyazine, t. 6-^^. VV, C. J. F.

The Tomato Disease. — In the Gardeners'
Chronicle, p. 49S, Mr. Berkeley was kind enough to
suggest that I could throw some light upon the manner
in which Tomatos became aff"ected with the Phy-
tophthora. Although I had no doubt in my own mind
that this was in the same way as De Bary has shown
the tubers of the Potato become diseased, namely, by
the germ tubers of the Phytophthora spores piercing
the epidermis, still I thought it best to be in a posi-
tion positively to assert this from actual experiment.
I therefore obtained, as soon as I conveniently cnuld
do so, six healthy green Tomatos. Three of these
had on October?! spores of Phytophthora, suspended
in water, applied to their exterior, while the other
three were kept as control fruit. The infected
Tomatos were placed in a damp atmosphere, in order
that the zoospores might have a chance of penetrating
the epidermis before they died from desiccation, as
otherwise soon happens when they are exposed to a
moderately dry atmosphere. On October 27, six
days afterwards, the infected Tomatos began to show
signs of disease ; the well-known black-brown patches
could not be mistaken for anything else. The smallest
of the three infected fruits was the most severely
attacked, but the other two succumbed afterwards.
When the stem and calyx is first attacked the disease
rapidly reaches the interior of the fruit. I find Phy-
tophthora commonly upon the foliage of outdoor
Tomatos, and I have once seen it under glass. Its
eftect upon the Tomato plant is, however, very dif-
ferent from what one is accustomed to meet with on
the Potato. On the latter the foliage turns black
and emits a peculiar putrefactive odour, but upon the
former it spreads much more slowly, does not cause
putrefaction, evolves no odour, but causes the aff'ected
spot to shrivel and dry up, as if it had been scorched
by the sun. Charles B. PlowriQht.

I hope my friend Mr. Plowright will act upon

the suggestion made by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley on
p. 49S, and throw some light upon the mode of attack
of the Potato fungus on the Tomato. Most observers
will be inclined to agree with Mr. Berkeley that the
fungus does not attack the foliage, but the fruit. Pro-
fessor Dyer, of Kew, however, has a different opinion,
for when he was examined at the House of Commons
on the Potato fungus he said, '* I have seen myself,
on the last serious outbreak of the disease, the Tomato
plant attacked by the Potato disease from Potatos
growing in a garden." The Professor was then
asked by Mr. Earp if the disease had reached the
fruit. Professor Dyer answered, "That I am not
quite so sure about, but it killed the Tomatos, so
that I think the fruit did not come into question."
It will be seen that the experiences do not agree.
Perhaps I may be allowed to say (quoting from my
Peronospora index) that Mr. Plowright has already
published a valuable illustrated article on the " Fun-
gold Diseases of the Tomato " in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for November 12, iSSi. Six species of
Tomato fungi are described and illustrated — all new
species. It is remarkable that Mi. Plowright has not
included Peronospora infestans in that paper. IV. G.
Smith.

Christmas Roses. — These are now coming into
bloom — a time when other outdoor flowers are scant
indeed — and deserve to be much more extensively
grown than they are at present ; indeed it is hardly
one garden in a hundred where they obtain. Even if
planted now — the beginning of November — with but
little attention the beautiful Helleborus niger will
continue in bloom through the whole winter if the
weather be moderately mild ; if, on the other hand,
severe weather prevails, the large white and pinkish
blooms may be readily protected by hand-glasses.
The plant is easily cultivated and propagated, as large
roots may be cut up into small pieces and distributed
about the garden, where they will be sure to succeed
if planted firmly in good soil. The plant is also well
adapted for potting, well-grown specimens making a
fine show in the conservatory or greenhouse. T. 7'.

Gumming Roses. — In reply to the communica-
tion which you have received from Mr. Johnson, Hon.
Secretary of the Leek Rose Society, I am requested
by the committee of the National Rose Society to
say, that they in their decision expressed no opinion
whatever upon the practice of gumming Rose blooms,
as they had no law to guide them in the matter. After
taking all the circumstances of the particular case
submitted to them into consideration, they came to
the conclusion that as the exhibitor In question had
infringed no existing regulation of either Society,
the prize could not be withheld from him. When the

new bye-laws and regulations, which the committee
have for some time past had under consideration, and
which will be submitted to the Society at their next
general meeting, are in print, it will be seen that the
committee of the National Rose Society discounte-
nance the practice of tampering in any form or shape
with Rose blooms intended for exhibition. At the
same time they wish it to be clearly understood that
in their opinion it is but very seldom indeed that any
such practices are resorted to by exhibitors. Edward
Mawley, Hon. Secretary.

Hybridising Potatos.— We should like to sup-
plement the article which appeared in your issue of
the 8th by mentioning that Mr. Robt. Fenn, who is
so well known in the Potato world as a successful
hvbridiser and raiser of seedling Potatos, has also
elfected a cross between Solanum tuberosum and
another species received this year from Kew, under
the name of S. Fendleri. It is also worthy of note
that the variety of S. tuberosum ustd in effecting our
cross with S. Maglia was one of Mr. Fenn's latest
seedlings, which has proved remarkable as a disease-
resisting variety, and that it was the same variety as
that used by Mr. Fenn to cross with S. Fendleri.
Sutton (S?~= Sons.

Cockroaches. — In stoves and Orchid-houses
where there is sufficient accommodation or hiding-
places for these insects to lurk, their destructive power
is urgent enough to demand a remedy, even if we
cannot effect their extermination. Of this fact every
Orchid grower is painfully aware. In the Palm-house
at Kew, where the iron gratings alTord a ready and
safe retreat, these insects often multiply to such an
extraordinary extent that they attack and devour the
leaves of strong-growing plants. A simple but effec-
tive method of destroying them has been adopted
lately, by which over 2000 were destroyed in a shoit
time, at the rate of 100 to 300 in a single night. Glass
jars, in which a small quantity of treacle or molisjes
is placed, are distributed about the house in such
positions that the insects can readily find their way
into them, lured to their destruction by the smell of
the bait. The cost is trifling, as low-quality material
is all that is requisite, and the insects can be readily
se parated from it by straining every morning. J. F.

Crotons Spotting. — Noting your correspondent's

enquiry in last week's issue of your paper, as to the
cause of his Croton leaves spotting and dropping oflF,
I have no doubt the cause is excessive moistuie
through over-syringing. I never syringe my Cro'ons
after September until the month of March, and on the
hottest days during the summer months only twice a
day, but simply keep three or four evaporating pans
filled with water, which creates ample moisiuie.
H. flan^sr, Aigburth.

Nerine venusta. — Is this plant in the country?
It is classed by Herbert with the Guernsey Lily, and,
if so, should have glabrous and green, not glaucous
foliage. There is much confusion and wrong naming
of the Nerines amongst gardeners, A very pretty one
has been sent me from Floore, under the name of N,
amabilis. It belongs to Herbert's section Distona?,
hut is handsomer than the other members of that
section. R. T, Clarke, Hornsea,

Tubular Boilers. — Reading the remarks by
"Thrumpton," p. 59S, it appears to me that all
gardeners have their own favourite boilers, irrespec-
tive of quality. Now, "Thrumpton," I find, siill
holds to the saddle for economy, but does not tell us
what that economy consists in. Can "Thrumpton"
keep in his fires to heat his houses for ^d. per day,
as I am now doing? My two boilers are heating
No. I greenhouse, 54 x 20 ; No. 2, 44 x 12 ; N •.
3. 56 X S ; No. 4, 70 X 12 ; No, 5, 80 x 14 ; No 6,
80 X 16, and 80 feet run of pit. Now, my house-^
are not small, yet the whole does not cost me I2s. per
week with our usual winters, although I force the
usual flowers for Christmas. I quite agree with his
remarks respecting the setting of boilers ; and when I
tell him I have taken down and reset my present
boilers seveh times before I got them to my satisfuc-
tion, he will admit I have some experience of them,
I, for my part, shall never use a saddle boiler again,
as I am convinced the heat is lost before it has done
its work. So that " Vorkshireman," who asked for
advice about boilers on p. 536 should just use his
own opinion, as he will never know what boiler \o
use if he has so many recommended to him. A.
Groom bridge.

Pleroma Benthamiana. — Amongst the many
novelties at Storrs Hall Gardens, Windermere, the
Rev. J. Staniforth's, are some plants of the above
trained up the rafters of an intermediate-house ; they
are objects of great beauty just now, dozens of trusses
of bright blue flowers, as many as eighteen flowers ex-
panded on a truss — a grand plant for the like situa-
tions at this dull season of the year, and should be
grown more than it is. A, O,

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONlCLli.

629

Croci autumnalis. — The autumn Crocuses have
been flowering very early and in great beauty this
season. When I left home a few days since nineteen
species, with numerous varieties, were in flower : five
only had not yet entered an appearance, viz., sativus,
serotinus, damascenus, hyeraalis, and vallicolus,
which were just pushing. I regret to say that I, loo,
have lost Ciewei, as also Scharojani. A'. T, Clarke,

A Seedling Tropseolum. — One of the most
eflectivc things we have this jear has been a rampant,
brilliant-colwured Tropaeolum, the result of a cross
from the common Tropasolum majus by the pollen of
the garden Lobbii varieties. It may be had probably
from Chiswick. The seedlings seem to come true.
R, T, C.

Cultivated Potatos.— I have read with much
interest the excellent account of Messrs. Sutton's
experiments in Potato culture and hybridisation con-
tained in your last issue, and feel very much obliged
to them for the pains they have taken. I have seen
all the specimens to which reference is made,
and the berries of the hybridised Maglia x tuber-
osum, and the tubers of the improved Maglia
already diverging into two coloured varieties are
most satisfactory. The further points that
occurred to me in reading over the paper were
these : — I. The place where Darwin found his Maglia
(the specimen which was figured in my paper in the
yournal of the Linnean Society) was not in the neigh-
bourhood of Valparaiso, but in the Chonos archipelago.
This archipelago lies in 44" — 46" south latitude,
12° south of Valparaiso. Seven hundred miles makes
a very appreciable difl'erence in climate, so that in
point of fact Maglia as a wild plant runs out much
further from tuberosum in the direction of damp and
coolness than your contributor gives it credit for.
2. We have cooked and eaten the tubers of Solanum
Jamesii, and hnd them to be of excellent flavour, so
I quite echo the wish of your contributor that some
enterprising Potato grower would bring a stock to
market. The plant multiplies rapidly, but with us
at Kew, as with Messrs. Sutton, the tubers still
remain very small. 3. The other Rocky Mountain
type, Solanum Fendleri, is, no doubt, truly wild in
the United States. Since roy paper was written it
has been brought into cultivation both at Kew and
Reading. It seems, as compared with Andine tuber-
osum, a very distinct geographical race — perhaps as
distinct as Maglia, and I hope will be well tested as
an esculent pure and simple, and hybridised with the
other forms. But neither Fendleri nor Commersoni
have yet been fairly tested in England, but, thanks
mainly to Messrs. Sutton, the progress that has been
made in a single year towards working out the pro-
blems at issue is most satisfactory. J. G. Baker.

The point of mo^t exceeding interest in

the communication at p. 535 respecting the
hybridisation of Potato species at Reading seems
to have been omitted, and that relates to the
sort or kind of cultivated variety which was
the pollen parent to S. Maglia. I presume that
can be no secret, and must have been overlooked in
the writing. To outsiders who may watch the results
of this hybridisation it would be of the 6rst moment
to learn something of the pollen parent — in fact, the
absence of mention of that parent leaves room for
doubt, whilst the fullest information would have
satisfied all inquirers. As, for instance, it would be
interesting to learn whether S. Maglia has of its own
unaided effort produced seed-apples in this country
previously, and also whether it has, or as a rule does
produce seed in its native habitat. Should it after all
turn out that the seed-balls obtained at Reading are
natural produce, of course the result will be a fluke,
though not a fluke Potato. If we are informed of
the name of the variety from which the pollen was
taken, we may well join with the experimentalists in
looking for some more tangible results. What we
have to ask now is what may be reasonably hoped for
from this introduction of wild blood into our present
race of cultivated Potatos. Adverse seasons, of
course, may come again, and bring with them dis-
aster, but for the past ten years the efforts of raisers
of new kinds have been so ably devoied to the
introduction of comparatively disease-resisting varie-
ties that we have now such a wealth of kinds and of
produce as to be absolutely perplexing. Potatos now
are, for the profit of growers, far too abundant and
cheap, and unless it be possible to convert them to
some other use than the now common one of food for
man, there is danger that Potato culture may prove a
source of loss and of disappointment rather than of
good. A. D.

Edgings to Garden Walks. — Although Box is
generally u^ed as an edging to garden walks, it does
not follow that it is the best, yet it is very neat look-
ing, but for all that it has many faults, chief among
which is the one of harbouring slugs and insects,
which secrete themselves among its thick close
branches and leaves in such a way that they cannot
be found or got rid of without a good deal of trouble.

Another great objection to Box is that walks cannot
be salted, to get rid of weeds, without injuring or
destroying it, for however carefully the salt may be
applied, the saline moisture finds its way to the sides
and impregnates the ground to such an extent as 10
affect the roots of the plants. Where it can be used,
no live edging looks so neat and forms such a good
finish as grass, a verge of which may be easily kept in
fine order by running the mowing machine over it
every week during the summer, and though the
labour of doing this may be a little greater than that
of clipping the Box, it is more than saved in the keep
of the walks, which may be pickled without harming
the sides, unless very heavy rain happens to come
before the salt is dissolved. Most of our paths are,
fortunately, bounded by turf, and every spring we
dress the gravel with the most beneficial and satis-
factory results, as not only are the weeds eradicated
at once, and kept down for the rest of the season, but
the walks are cleansed of all moss, conferva and
vegetable matter, and so brightened as to look like
new, after they get washed by the rain. For kitchen
gardens a dead edging is the most suitable, as not
only is it favourable for the salting but it stands the
wear and tear, and may really be made to look veiy
well by planting behind it, as there are many things
suitable, and one of the best among these is the Thrift,
which grows close, and is very pretty and effective
when blooming. Next to this the Aubrietia may be
mentioned, and then there are hosts of Sedums and
many Saxifrages that are suitable, besides Violas,
such as The Czar and other hardy enduring sorts ;
all of which eome in capitally for grow-
ing in lines near walks to ornament or furnish
the edgings. Besides these, the Gentiana acaulis
is lovely, as there is no blue to equal that of
its flowers, which show in such profusion and open
in all their glory when the sun shines upon them.
The kind of edging that suits best to plant the
Gentian between or behind is flmts or large stones,
under which the plants send their roots and find the
moisture they want, and hug and partly cover the
exposed surface with their close shoots and foliage,
which they beautify when they come into bloom. By
making use of such material as flints or stones there
need be but little expense incurred, and theyanswer the
purpose well, as do also clinkers or hards, if reduced to
a regular size and bedded to about half their depth to
give them firm hold of the ground. If manufactured
edgings are used, they should be of the hardest
makes, or they soon get broken or displaced, in
which shabby or irregular state they present a very
sorry appearance. The best I have seen are of a
dark colour, having apparently a good deal of iion,
and are well burned, and so hard as to be almost
indestructible. The most suitable pattern is the
cable, which these were, as there is nothing stiff or
formal in the lines, and no sharp edges to get chipped
or broken. To keep them rigid and in regular trim
they had holes in each end, where they joined, for a
stout iron pin to hold them together. J. S.

Chrysanthemums at Horton Park. — We have
a capital show of Chrysanthemums this year at Hor-
ton Park, Bradford ; the white Elaine has been pro-
duced and shown here with a bloom of g| inches in
diameter. There are also very large well developed
specimens of White Beverley, Guernsey Nugget, Inner
Temple, Katherine Telfourd, Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Prince of Wales, Venus, Golden Beverley, &c. Very
beautifully formed flowers are to be seen in George
Glenny, Mrs. George Rundle, Mrs. Dixon, and
Madame Clement Andiguier. Altogether the show is
one to be proud of, and the public park manager,
Mr. Lander, is much to be congratulated. /; l-Valton,
B?'adford,

Introduced Plants. — A complete list of plants
introduced from abroad by Mr. Anderson-Henry, and
of the numerous hybrids raised by him, would be full
of interest both for present and future reference.
Perhaps few people could give more information than
Mr. Lindsay as to such plants as were raised or intro-
duced of late years, as he had opportunities of seeing
the plants at Hay Lodge often, and of hearing Mr.
Henry's accounts of them. In the many gardens
which owe rare and beautiful plants to Mr. Anderson-
Henry's kindness and generosity, an authentic history
of those of his own raising or introduction would
assuredly be welcome ; and much scattered informa-
tion about them might be collected now which a few
years hence it might not be easy to get. C. M, 0.

Carter's Liliputian Potato. — As many people
who saw this remarkable Potato exhibited were
anxious to know the exact number of tubers it pro-
duced, we beg to inform you we yesterday detached
these from the root, and find they reachei 353 in all.
James Carter e^ Co.

New Crabs. — I send you three branchlets of a
seedling Crab which I fancy is something of the
variety you mentioned in the Gardeners'' Chronicle a
few weeks ago; they are, however, not quite fair speci-

mens as last night's storm of wind accompanied by
heavy showers of rain shook off about one-third
of the fruit. Some few years ago I sent better speci-
mens to Messrs. Carter & Co., and in the spring fol-
lowing a bundle of grafts, asking only that if sent out
they should retain the name I had given this seedling,
viz., Wooler's Ornamental Prolific Crab. A couple of
years after I wrote and asked what success had
been attained, and in reply Messrs. Carter & Co.
wrote that they had lost the entire lot. Naturally I con-
cluded little value had been placed upon the variety,
and I had not even propagated any myself. This
spring, however, I had a few grafts put upon the
Paradise stock, as the original having been crowdedly
planted along with other seedlings raised at the same
time, I thought it advisable not to trust a single
chance to preserve it, inasmuch, as I deem the race
had properties which might be employed to advan-
tage with a good chance of breeding new and very
prolific varieties of the domestic Apple. I may say I
reared the seedlings in two boxes which were simply,
when young, planted-out by knocking out some por-
tion of the bottom of the boxes and then sinking them
in the open ground. I also send you a branchlet of
one other of these seedling Crabs, which indicates the
parentage on one side, as they were raised by crossing
on chiefly, and by the pollen from, the Japan Crabs —
Pyrus Rigno and Pyrus Torengo. With the Siberian
Crabs I send you a few fruits of the Pyrus Rigno to
compare, and see that the second seedling takes after
the P. Rigno, which, if you taste, I think you will find
an agreeable but distinctive new acid flavour ; and
it has occurred to me that this new flavour would be
an acquisition to our edible Apple. Our own wild
Crabs are said to make valuable jellies, but their
sourness Js of a rough description, whilst the acid of
these Japan Crabs is not so. Another of the seed-
lings is of a more upright growth, producing a fruit
of about an inch or more in diameter. This speci-
men I also sent to Messrs. Carter & Co., who wrote
me they had submitted it to a very high authority,
who said it was like one already in cultivation, but
handsomer, yet not worth bringing it out as a seed-
ling. They appeared to come into precocious bear-
ing, and the one of which I send you the three
specimens has borne every year quite as prolificly.
Bearing in bunches makes them ornamental, which is
increased by their light golden colour. They have
another distinctive character — they remain on the
tree until the frost blackens them, or very high
winds shake them down. IV, A. Wooler, Sadberge
HaU., Darlington^ Oct. 27.

Poisonous Fungi. — "A family poisoned by
toadstools !" Such was the startling heading of a
report in the Manchester newspapersof September 22,
and the following day the same paragraph, although
somewhat altered, appeared in many other news-
papers. The facts of the case are as follows : — A
man named Holt went out to gather Mushrooms in
the pastures adjoining the Irwell at Eccles, near
Manchester, on Sunday morning, September 2i. He
brought home a quantity of fungi, which his wile
cooked, although she was dubious about them, and
the father, mother, sod, and daughter made a meal
of them. Shortly afterwards they began to be ill, and
Dr. Cox was called in, who saw symptoms of poison-
ing were present, and at once administered an emetic,
which had the desired efl^ect, although the stomach-
pump was not used, as many of the newspapers
stated. The father, who probably had eaten more
than the others, had a slight delirium, and lay in a
precarious condition, whilst the girl frothed very
much at the mouth, and had a wild anxious expres-
sion. However, under the doctor's care the family
soon recovered, and doubtless have had a narrow
escape. As soon as Holt was well enough to go out
he went {under Dr. Cox's directions) to the exact
spot from where he had gathered his Mushrooms, and
collected a few more, which were forwarded to me.
These included five different species, as follows : —
Agaricus (Stropharia) stercorarius, Fr.; A. (S). semi-
globatus, Batsch; A. (Panseolus) separatus, L.; A. (P.)
fimiputris. Bull ; A. (Psilocybe) semi-lanceatus,
Fr. Had Holt known anything about fungi, and
being desirous of poisoning his family, he could not
easily have selected five more unwholesome species.
The last-named is regarded as a poisonous species,
and the others are extremely common on rank and
putrid dung in pastures everywhere. How these five
species could be mistaken for the common Mushroom
it is difficult to imagine, and it is evident some men
will eat anything. H. T. Soppitt.

Creepers on Houses.— I was pleased to notice
in the old English town of Dunster a magnificent
plant in full flower of Bignonia grandiflora trailing over
the door of a house facing one of the principal streets.
The attention of every passer-by was attracted. It is
to be wished that this example be copied, and some
change given to the everlasting Ivy and Virginian
Creeper. Owners of houses in rural towns with an
unvitiated atmosphere might make the bare walh of
their houses quite lively with such creepers as
Maurandia Barclayana and others. C, A. M. C.

630

THE GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVi-MiiER IS, iS

Royal Horticultural : Nov. 11.— At this gather-
ing wc have not lo chioiii'cle a great display of pt-i-
Juctions like that seen at the last meeting — fur beyond
a few Orchids there was but little except some groups
of new Chrysamhemums and cut blooms of the
tame.

Floral COMMixrEE ; Sco'ion ,■/.— Present : James
O'Uiien, ]'--q., m the chair: and Messrs. ]. Laing,
J. Woodbridge, H. Herhst, li. JJallanline, J,
Dominy, H. Williams, and E. Hill.

Seclion B. — Present : Shirley Hibberd, E-q., in
the chair; and Mt-sFrs. W. P. KiUock, |. James, II.
Pcnnett, G. Duffield, W. Pealby. and G. E. Wilson.

Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed a large
panful of Car-'guata angustifolia, a plant with a
resemblance to a Pitcaiinia, but the leaf f,horter and
less drooping ; a pretty addition lo winter-blooming
subjects. The blooms, which were not ful'y open,
formed risps of a scarlet and orange colour. From
the same nursery came Ipomcca Thomson!, a while-
flowered stove climber, of the same evanescent cha-
racter as these plants generally. It has been described in
these pages (see Gardaurs' Chronicle, p. Si 6, vol. x.\).
W. Lee, E-^q., Downside (Mr. Woolford, gr.) thowed
Oncidium iocuivum album, a whitish flower on a
slender stalk, numerous, but wanting in any especial
merit. A very fine cut spike of \''anda Sanderiana,
with blooms even larger than we have seen before,
came also from this garden. From the garden of
C. Cookson, Esq., Wylam-on-Tyne, came a bright-
flowered Caianthe Sedeni, a hybrid from C. vestita
rubra oculata and C. Veitchii, the fertilisation having
been efiecled en November 21, iSSi, lower part of
flower being rosy-carmine. From Baron Schroeder's
garden. The Dell, Egham, Mr. Ballantine brought
plant of Acirides Sanderiana, a choice thing, with
waxy-like blooms of creamy- white and purple,
the flower-stalk and spike measuring a foot
in length. Also a plant of Cattleya triophthalma.
Mr. G. Fleet showed a pretty silver variegated form
of Cupressus Lawsoniana named argentea Eleetii, a
decided acquisition to hardy Conifers. Messrs. Laing
& Co., Forest Hill, brought Chrysanthemum La
Puritc, a white Japanese hybrid, and C. Anaise, a
jjtetty pompon of pink, jellow, and crimson. Messrs.
Cannell and Sons had a semi-double white Pelargonium
La Cygne— a compact flower, and the growth of a
sturdy character ; the colour is quite pure, and it is
seemingly a variety that will find many admirers.
There came likewise from the Swanley Gardens a
reflcxed Chrysanthemum of a beautiful bright crimson
colour, and of good quality, and a pompon, variety
Star of W)ke, and a Japanese named La Pien Ami
— a compact pale lilac flower, having the centre fila-
ments white. The whole of these are shortish and
but slightly contorted. Messrs. Veitch had Chry-
santhemum roseum piclum, a large handsome bloom,
having the reflex of the florets while; and C. Criterion,
a big, bronzy-yellow Japanese with flattened petals.
Messrs. Hooper il\: Co. showed a yellow ground per-
petual Carnation, with slight crimson flakes, pretty and
distinct, wilh a robust dwaif habit. It was named
Chevalier. Messrs. C. Lee c^ Son showed a varifgated
Laurustinus of a creamy tint, distinct of marking. Be-
sides the above, which were shown for certificates, groups
n' Chrysanthemums were singed by several nurserymen,
Messrs, Veitch iS; Sons, Chelsea, having a goodly
number of new varieties of vaiying degrees of merit,
and almost all of the Japanese section. There were
Galaica, a rosy-lilac, with thread-like petals ; Orange
(^)uill, a bronzy gold, small but showy ; Ferdinand
FerraJ, light ro>y-lilac ; Formosa, a lake coloured
bloom, with flat petals ; Biise du Matin, a light flesh ;
Tclfourd Salter ; Tubiflnium, more curious than
handsome ; and E'.oilc du Midi, a crimson-chestnut
rcflexed sort. Mes-rs. Cannell & Sons putupKinguf
Crimsons and Julie Lagravcre, so as to show how much
Cullingfordi was superior lo these in tint ; Temple
of SoU'mon, a fine lemon coloured bloom of good
proportions, and several others. Messrs. Cannell
likewise staged several boxes of cut Chrysanthemum
blooms in the manner that it is usual to see cut single
Dahlias put up, and with very good elTect. Among
these were boxes of single Chrysanthemums of pretty
forms and colours. Messrs. J. Laing had a nice
group of novelties, among the more noticeable being
L'Elegans, a pompon Beauie des Jardins, and
Dormillion, a fine ciimson.

Fruit CoMwruEn.— PreFent : J. Lee, ICsq., in
the chair, and Messrs. R. Hogg, P. Crowley, G.
llunyard, S. Lyon, G. Paul, G. T. Miles, J. Smith,
J. Burnett, W. Denning, and !<.. 1). BlacUmore.

Of fruit we noticed several dishes of seedling
Apples and Mrs. Pearson Grape — liiree good
1 unches, ihown by Mr. Taylor, gr. to J.
Macintosh, Esq. ; and from Mr. May, gr. to
Capt. Le Blanc, Noilbam House, Barnet, came a

capital lot of his selected Brussels Sprouts, hard and
shapely, and of medium size — good from the bottom
to the top of the stalk. I\Ir. J. Wiggins, gr. to W.
Clay, E'q., showed some strong plants of Cyclamen
in variety ; and from Chiswick came some pretiy
plants of Senrcio pulcher in pots.
The awards made were : —

First-class Certificates.
Section A.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Caraguata angusti-
folia.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, (or Ipomosa Thompson!.

To Messrs. Charles Lee & Son, for Viburnum Tinus
aureo-variegatus.

To Mr. G. Fleet, for Ciiprpsstis Lawsoniana Fleetii.

To W. Lee, Esq., for Oncidium incurvum album.

To Baron Schrceder, for Acrides Sanderiana and
Cattleya triophthalma.

Section B.

To Messrs. J. Laing & Co., for Chrysanthemums La
PuritL' and Anais.

To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Pelargonium La Cygne,
Chrysanthemum CulUngfordii, and C. La Bien Ami.

To the Royal lioriicultural Society, for Senecio
pulcher.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
roseum, C. piclum, and C. Criterion.

To Messrs. Hooper & Co,, for Tree Carnation
Chevalier.

Votes of Thanks.

To Mr. Taylor, for Grape Mrs. Pearson.

To Mr. Norman C. Cookson, for Caianthe Sedeni.

To Messrs. C. Lee & Son, for Statice floribunda.

To W. Lee, Esq., for Orchids.

The National Chrysanthemum : Nov. 12
and 13. — This, the late Borough of Hackney and ori-
ginal Stoke Newington Society, lield its annual grrat
show at the Aquarium on the above-named days. It
had been expected from the appearance of the prelimi-
nary skirmishes at Kingston and other extra metropo-
litan show centres, that this would be one o\ the best
shows witnessed in London, and visitors were certainly
not disappointed. The beauties ol the exhibits were
belter brought out by the good arrangements of the
stands and the placing of the groups, and instead of the
effect being frittered away by a disconnected plan, the
whole, or nearly so, came within the vision at once, so
that the first impression of the scene was a fine one, and
whicli subsequent inspection did not dispel. The
whole central space was given up to the flowers,
with the exception of the cirque for horsemanship.
The groups of Chrysanthemums in pot were mostly
staged along a temporary fence covered with green calico,
and between the groups were Palms and Ferns in almost
equally large masses. The remaining pot specimens
\\ere placed in and around the two large fountains, and
everywhere there was ample room for promenading and
for inspection of the exhibits.

OrEN Classes. — The prizes for the best group of
Chrysanthenuuns were awarded, 1st, to Mr. H. Harding,
gr. to J. Starling, Esq , The Chestnuts, Gunnersbury,
who had a showy lot of old and new varieties of the
larger flowered kinds, the plants ranging from
three to seven or eight ; 2d, Mr. N. Davis, Lilford
Nurseries, Camberwtll, a pretty lot, of dwarfer habit ;
3d, Mr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney.
For the best nine trained specimens in pois less tlian
12 inches. — ist, Mr. W. Monk, gr. to — Fowler. Esq.,
I'orest House, Leytonstone, who had well bloomed
examples of Venus, Dr. Shnrpe, While Venus, George
Glenny, Lord Derby, Mrs. G. Rundle, John Salter,
I'rincess of Wales, ;md Mrs. Dixon — good pyramidal-
traini^d plants of moderate dimensions ; 2d, Messrs.
Drain & Son, Southgate Nursery, De Reanvoir Town,
with compact smaller plants, fail ly bloomed. Mr. Monk
was the winner of the ist for six trained specimens of
Japanese kinds, he having To Rio, Peter the Great,
Mons. C. Hubert, La Cliarmeuse, La Nymphe, and
Thimberg, a charming lot, well adapted for greenhouse
decoration by their available dimensions ; 3d, Mr. G.
Archer, gr. lo [. J. Grifhlhs, Esq , The Grange, High-
bury, irained pompons were not largely shown, but
\v(ie particularly effective, although it seemed as if fe'W
noticed lliem, the big Japanese and other cut blooms
monopolising everybody's attention, k'irst, Mr. Ricve,
gr. to — Elliott, Esq., Hadley Green, Barnet — these
were shield-trained and measured 6 feet across ; 2d, Mr.
K. Payne, gr. , The Cedars, Stamford Hill, with neat,
well-flowered plants.

Cut Floweks. — The grand stands of forty-eight
blooms, twenty-four to be incurved, in not less than
eigliteen varieties, and twenty, four Japanese, similarly
restricted, brought out nine competitors. If anything,
the blooms were larger than has been seen in London
previously, and were intermixed here and there with
some new kind, beautiful in form and colour. Mr.
C. ilerrln, gr. to j. N. Hibbert, Esq., Chalfont
Park, Bucks, was 1st, showing the undeTmentioned
kinds in Japanese : — J. Delaiix, or the F. A.
Davis of some ; Madame Aslorg, Madame Andignier,
Thimberg, Grandiflorum, Hiver kleur, Boule d'Or,
lair Maid of (Juernsey, Conitesse Beauregard, Fanna
Honrcharlct, Baron de Frailly, Agrcnients de li
Nature, Madame Monlise. Soliel Levant, Duche-ss of
Albany, Album plenum, Mons. Ardenne, Trioniphe de
Chate-iet. The incurved kinds consisted of Barbara, Re-
futgens, Venus, Princess of Teck. Princess Beatrice, Mrs.
Htalc, John Salter, Empress, Lord Wolscley, While

Venus, Lord Alcester, Cherub, Jeanne d"Arc, Golden
Empress of India. Lord Hardinge, Jardin des Plantcs,
While Empress. Mr. Gibson, gr. to J. Worniauld, Esq.,
Morden Park, Surrey, was 2d ; 3d, .Mr. W. Flight. For
twenty-four incurvid varieiies there were eight entries.
the ist prize and the Silve-r Cup being awarded to Mr.
v.. Sanderson, Si. Mury's Koad, Harlesden. Without
specifying all the fine varieties found in this stand, we
will mention only the best, viz , Golden Empress of India,
Empress of India. Empress Fiigcnie, Htroof Stoke New-
ington, Mabel Ward, (Jueen ot Engl.md, Alfred Salter.
Emily Dale, Princess ol Te-ek, and I'rmcess of Wales. 2d,
^^r. G. R, Wildman, O.ikl.ind^, CJrove Road, Clapham
P.irk ; 3d. Messrs. S-iIlmarsh & Co., nurserymen,
Chelmsford. With few exce'plions the blooms in the
above class were ?s fine as we have seen them. For
eighteen incurved varieties, distinct. — ist, Mr. Berry, gr.,
Roehampton House, Surrey, annngst whose flowers
were extra examples of (Juctn of Engl.ind, Mrs. Bruii-
lees. Prince of Wales, E':ipress o( India, Prince Alfred,
Refulgens, and Princess of Wales ; 2d, Mr. E. Sander-
son ; 3d, Mr, E. C. jukes, Hope Cottage, Winchmore
liill. For twelve incurved kinds. — lit, Mr. Sanderson,
his flowers being equal lo those shown by him in the
hirgcr numbers ; 2d, Mr. C. Herrin ; y\, Mr. J. W.
Springbet, Hammond Street, Cheshunt. For these
prizes there were fifteen competitors. For six incurved
kinds.— ist, Mr. C. Brown, gr. to R. Henty, Esq.,
Na/Jng Paik, Waltham Cross, with Empress of India,
Empress Eugenie, Eve, Adam (which was really Mabel
Ward). Barbara, and Mrs. Shipman ; 3d, Mr.\\'. Smith, gr.
to T. Gardener, Esq., Springhill House. Upper Clapton.
This class had perhaps the least fine blooms of any, but,
as the prizes were only open to persons who had n jt
taken a pnze for cut blooms in any previ jus year, th.it
was not a matter of surprise. For lw(.l\e blooms (four
incurved, lour Japanese, and four large Anemone-
flowered). — 1st, Mr, C. Herrin, who had beautiful
examples of Golden Empress of India, (Jueen of
England, J. Salter, and While Empress of India, as his
incurved kinds ; Lady Margaret, Madame Berlhe
Pygny, Madame Cabrol, and Fabias de Maderanaz,
Anemone-flowered ; Duchess of Albany. Triomphe de
Chatelet, Fair Maid of Guernsey, and the Dainiio lor
his Japanese. Mr. J. Dowry, gr. to J. Mc.Andrew,
Esq., Belmont Hill, was 2d. For six incurved blooms
(one variety). — 1st, Mr. E, Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce,
The Firs, Basset, with Lord Alcester ; 2d. Mr. B. Cal-
vert, gr. to G. Kent, Esq., Southwood, Highgate, with
Empress of India; 3d, Mr. C. Barker, gr. to Mrs.
Frankland Russel Aslley, Chequers Court. Bucks. The
next class, that for twelve large-flowered Anemone-
flowered blooms, brought up some wonderKil examples.
Mr. C. Herrin was again successful in taking the ist
prize, the sorts shown being Socur Dorothe-e Souille,
Minnie Chate, Mad. Berthe Pygny, Mad. Cabrol, Mrs.
Peihers, Empress, La bien Aimce, Georges Sand, and
Souvenir de lArdenne ; 2d, Mr. Sullivan, gr. to G. B.
Chapman, Esq., Devonshire House, Roehampton ; 3d,
Mr. E. C. Jukes. These flowers were beautiful in every
way, and being new in form, and choice in their colour-
ing, ought soon to become quite popular. The guard
petals, which are closely laid, form a duly proportioned
fringe around the centre. In the class for twenty-four
Japanese varieties (distinct), Mr. C. Herrin was 1st,
he having rare flowers in Comtesse de Beauregard,
Album plenum, Agrements de la Nature, Triomphe de
Chatelet, Meg Merrilies, Peter the Great, Thunberg,
Sarni.T,, Mad. Astorg, Mons. Ardenne, Magnwm Bonuni,
Grandiflorum, and others equally fine ; 2d. Mr. J. W.
Springbet; 3d, Mr. J. Dowry. For twelve Japanese
varieiies. — ist, Mr. J. C. Child, gr. to Mrs. Slade,
Claygate, Esher, with me-dium-sized bloom, somewhat
unequal, but good, were Hiver Fleur. Mons. Delaux,
Fanny Boucharlet, All uni plenum, Balmoreanum.
Mons. Desbreux, and Elaine ; 3d, Mr. Major,
gr. to J. P. Kidslone, Ejq , Nun Park, Barnet.
For six Japanese, one variety only lo be shown. — ist,
Mr. C. A. Anderson, Waverley Abl ey, Farnham,
Surrey, with Madame Andiguier— a very fine stand,
equally developed, and even as lo size ; 2d, Mr. T.
Glen, }Tr. to Mrs. Montefiorc, Worth Park, Ealing ; 3d,
Mr. E. Wills. For the best twelve reflcxed varieiies, with
no limit as to the number of these. — ist. Mr. E. Wills,
B.issetwood, with Peach Christine, Pliidias, King of
Crimsons, Cloth of Gold, Golden Christine, and Mrs.
Forsyth ; 2d, Mr. Bcllesworth, gr. to R. Ewing, Esq.,
Bruton Grange, Cheshunt ; 3d, Mr. Ilulnirs. For the
best twelve pompons, distinct, shown in threes.— ist,
Mr. M. Butcher, gr. lo W. G. Cousins, Esq.. The
Priory, Hadley ; 2d, Mr. Bctteswoilli ; 3d, Mr. N.
Davis. For the best Anemone pompons. — ist. Mr. M.
Butcher; 2d, Mr. W. Long ; 3d, Mr. E. Huntley.

Amateurs' Classes.— For the best twelve incurved,
distinct kinds, isl, Mr. J. Ilillicr, 13, Priory Road,
Wandsworth, with well-grown medium-sized flowers of
Cherub, Golden Eniprcss, Hero ol Stoke Newington.
Lord Wolselcy, Mrs. Brunlees, Jeanne d'.\rc. Prince
Alfred, Prince:^s ot Wales. John Sailed. Bruce- Findlay,
{^)uecn of Enghuid ; 2d, Mr. G. R. Wildm.in ; 3d, Mr.
11. Bingham, Manor Road, Stoke Newington. For tlic
best six incurved. — isl, ^^r. ti. R. Wiidinan. Vox the
best twelve Japanese kinds. — ist, Mr. J. Ilillicr, with
nice blooms of well known varieties ; 2d. Mr. F. .\. Roct,
J74. Fanfield Road, Wimbledon ; 3d, Mr. W. Wright,
42. Darnley Road. Hackney. For the best six )apanese.
— 2d, Mr. G. Walker, 12, Wingheld Road, Wimbledon;
3d, Mr. F. A. Roet.

Pot Plants. — For the best nine trained specimens. —
ist, Mr. Payne, gr. to — Payne, Esq., Stamford Hill.

Amongst miscellaneous floral items must be men-
tioned Messrs. Cannell & Sons' fine display of boxes con-
taining examples of cut blooms of every class of the

f'JOVSMBER is, tSSit.j

TH^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

631

Chfysanthenlum, lavishly supplied ; also Mr. T. Ware's
large conlribulioa of cut blooms of single-flowered varie-
ties ; and Nir. Dixon'slarge table of cm blooms, bouqunls,
&c., which, tastefully arranged as they all were, added
something to the attractiveness of the show.

Fruits. — The class for twelve bunches of Grapes,
without restriction of kinds, brought a fine comiK'tiiion,
five lots beimg staged, most ol the exhibits bemg of a
superior order. Mr. Pratt. Longleat (.Jardens, War-
minster, \va5 ist, with four huge bunches of Black
Ahcante, same of Musait of Alexandria, the rest,
smaller, of Lady Downe's. Mr. S. Castle, manager,
West Lynn, was 2d, with smaller but superbly linibhcd
Gros Maroc and Alicante, good Golden Queen and large
but reddish Gros Colmar. Mr. W. Howe, Park Hill
Gardens, Streatham. was the winner of the 3d prize, and
had small but good Muscat of Alexandria, Black Ham-
burgli, good AUcanle, and one bunch of Muscat Ham-
burgh, reddish in colour. In the class for three bunches
of black Grapes Mr. Howe was a good ist, with splen-
didly finished Ahcantes. Mr. |. Smith, Romford, Lssex,
was 2d, with Gros Colmar ; and Mr. Ciistle was 3d,
with the same kind. In the class for white Grapes only
three lots of Muscat of Alexandria were shown, fruit of
the best quality coming from Mr. Pratt ; Mr. Herrin
coming next, with very finely finished samples ; and Mr.
Castle was 3d, with medium bunches.

Dessert Apples, in collections of six dishes, were in
fine form, eleven lots being in conipeiuion ; colour in
many cases was remarkable. Mr. Miller, gr. to W.
A. Friend, Esq., Margate, was 1st, with very handsome
Adams' and Scatlet Pearmains, King, Cox's Orange,
Fearn's and Ribston Pippins ; Mr. Ross, gr. to C. Eyre,
Esq., Welford Park, Newbury, was 2d ; Mr. Waterman,
gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq , Preston Hall Gardens,
was 3d.

There were eight lots of kitchen Apples, all of which
were very fine samples. Mr. Miller was again the isl,
with fine Golden Noble, Mere de Menage, Annie Eliza-
beth, Blenheim Pippin, Emperor .Alexander, and
Kentish Fillbasket ; Mr. Ross was 2d, and Mr. Gold-
smith, 3d.

Evidence of the difficulty found in keeping Pears was
shown in the fact that only two collections of six dishes
were staged, the best coming from Mr. Goldsmith, who
had Doyenne du Cornice, Conseiller de la Cour,
Bronzee, Nouveau Poiteau, Beurre Uiel, and Beurre
Superfin ; Mr. Waterman was 2d, with fine Easter
Beurre. Triomphe de Jodoigne, Chaumonlel, Glou Mor-
ceau, &c.

In the class for twelve dishes of Potatos, Mr. Howard,
Canterbtu^y, was ist, having fine samples of Adirondack,
Defiance, Cosmopolitan, Purple King, Edgecute Purple,
Vermont Champion, Vicar of Laleham, Reading Russet,
Pride of Ontario, &c. Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, was 2d,
with Woodstock Kidney, The Dean, Vicar of Laleham,
Snowflake, Chancellor, Cosmopolitan, &c. Mr. C.
Osman, Sutton, Surrey, was 3d. In Mr. Dean's class for
three kinds sent out by him. Mr. Herrin was ist, with
Radstock Beauty, Vicar of Laleham, and Sunrise ; Mr.
Howard coming 2d ; Mr. Tom Tooley, Banbury, 3d ;
and Mr. Ross 4th. For a special pri-ie for the best dish
in this competition Mr. Herrin was rst, with handsome
Radstock Beauty. In the class for six kinds Mr. Dean
was ist, with The Dean, Vicar of Laleham, Matchless,
Snowflake, Snowdrop, and Schoolmaster ; Mr. Howard
was 2d ; Mr. Chadwick, Hanger Hill, Ealing, was 3d.
In all these classes there was large competition. In the
competition for Messrs. Hooper's prizes for Earliest of
All, twenty-five tubers, Mr. Howard was ist, Mr. May
was 2d ; and Mr. C. Osman. Sutton, Surrey, 3d. For
Mr. C. Pragnell's prize for the best dish of any kind sent
outlast winter, Mr. Herrin was ist, with The Dean.

Collections of Vegetables.— The Messrs. Sutton
& Sons oflTered valuable prizes for six kinds of vegetables,
and there were fifteen collections staged, the average
quahty being remarkably good. Mr. May, gr. to
Captain Le Blare, Barnet, was ist, with four fine stems
of Brussels Sprouts, solid Giant Autumn Cauliflower,
Clarke's Red Celery, a fine sample ; large Excelsior
Tomatos, Lyon's Leeks, and Lapstone Potatos ; Mr.
Miller, Rood Ashton Gardens, Trowbridge, was 2d, with
fine Cauliflowers, huge Leeks, Brussels Sprouts in di&h,
Ashleaf Potato, good Intermediate Carrots, and Tomatos ;
Mr. Howard Bridge, Canterbury, was 3d ; Mr. Water-
man, Preston Hall Gardens, was 4th ; and Mr. J.
Woodward, Isleworth, was sth. Messrs. Webb & .Sons,
Wordsley, also offered fairly good prizes for a similar
number of kinds in a collection, but the condition proved
too perplexing to one competitor, who put up twelve
kinds instead of six. Mr. Miller was here ist, with
Snowball Turnips, \'icar of Laleham Potatos, Student
Parsnips, Dwarf Wliite Celery, fine Leeks, and Cauli-
flowers ; Mr. C. Waile, Glenhurst, Esher, who was 2d,
had some fine Brussels Sprouts, plants of the Wroxton
strain ; Mr. May was 3d. Messrs. Sutton & Sons
staged a remarkably fine collection of a hundred kinds
of Potatos, and from the Royal Horticultural Gardens
came the fine collection of Gourds shown at Scuth
Keniington.

Southampton Chrysanthemum Show : Nov.
6 and 7. — The seventh annual Chrysanthemum and
Fruit Show was held in the Skating Rink, and proved a
great success, the best show that the Society has held.
In former years a bird show was held in connection
with the Chrysanthemum show, but this year the entries
were so numerous, that the birds were compelled to be
placed in the \'ictoria Rooms, which are adjoining the
Skating Rink, this arrangement proving much more
satisfactory than in previous years, as it allowed the
Hhple of the rink to be used for the flower show, which

h.is gained such large dimensions that it must now be
considered as one ol the leading shows in England ; it
is a question if as many and finer plants of Chrysanthe-
numis have been seen at any show before as on this
occasion, there being over 100 specimen plants staged,
some of them being t> feet ihrougli. The bulk of these
having been arranged down the centre of the rink mnde
quite an imposing bank, and were much admired, show-
ing well the increasing interest taken in the cultivation of
the queen of autunm flowers. Mr. E. Wills, gr. to
Mrs Pearcc, The Firs, Bassctt, Southampton, well
m.iinlained his reputation as a grower of specimen
trained Chrysanthenumis, as he took ist prizes in all
cl.^sses in which he competed, his plants being cha-
racterised by having splendid foliage, large blooms not
too formally or stiffly trained : his plants of Dr, Sharpe
and La Nymplie were grand examples — the latter
having 300 fully-developed blooms. Mr. Allen, gr. toj.
Bailey, Esq., Glenfield Hill, and Mr. T. Osborne,
gr. to J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House, sliowed well
ill this class. A great improvement was manifest
in the nurserymen's class for trained plants, those
from Mr. W. Joy, Shirley, being very fine, with
perhaps the exception of being rather too stiffly tied. Cut
blooms ot Chrysanthemums were in large numbers, as
many as 1300 being staged, consequently the competi-
tion in all classes was severe, but the local growers were
well able to hold their own although several strangers
entered the lists. Groups of Chrysanthemums and mis-
cellaneous groups were eft'ectively arranged and much
admired.

Fruit was shown in large quantities and of high
quality, particularly the Grapes and Apples — no less
than 130 dishes of the latter being staged, while the
quality and colour were all that the most exacting could
wish. Pears were rather limited in numbers, but excel-
lent in quality. Vegetables were shown in large numbers
and of fine quality. Altogether this Society may be con-
gratulated on having such a fine show. They possess a
good working committee, of which Captain Gibbs is
particularly energetic ; and in the secretary, Mr. Fuidge,
they have a man of unbounded courtesy and great tact.

Taking the classes as arranged in the schedule, No. i
was for the best collection of Chrysanthemums arranged
in a space S feet by 5 feet, quality and general effect being
the leading features. Here Mr. Allen was placed ist, with
a collection composed of plants from 3 to 4 feet high ;
having previously been cut down, they had neat blooms
of fair size, good colour, and were effectively arranged.
The 2d was awarded to Mr. Osborne, and the 3d to Mr.
N. Blandford, gr. to Mrs. Hazlefoot, West End.
For six plants, incurved or reflexed, Mr. E. Wills
easily carried oft the ist prize with plants from
4 to 5 feet in diameter, profusely bloomed, having
good foliage, the varieties being Mrs. Sharpe,
Lord Alcester (this variety, which Mr. Wills brought
out and had two Certificates for last year, seems
to be well adapted for specimens judging from the one
here staged), Chevalier Domage, Mrs. G. Rundle, Pink
Christine, and Gloria Mundi ; 2d, Mr. Osborne ; 3d,
Mr. L. Kings, gr. to Lieut. -Colonel Macleay, Glass-
hayes, Lyndhurst. For four plants (incurved or reflexed).
— Mr. Allen was a long way ahead ot all others with
very neat trained plants, Dr. Sharpe being very bright
in colour ; 2d, Mr, W. Joy ; 3d, Mr. J. Reynolds, gr.
to the President, Netley Castle. For six Japanese
plants there were four competitors, Mr. Wills securing
the chief award with plants from 5 to 5 feet through,
densely bloomed ; La Nymphe, Madame Bertie Ren-
datler. Fair Maid of Guernsey being some of the best ;
2d, Mr. W. Joy, with plants of Elaine, Lady Selboine,
and Bouquet Fait ; 3d, Mr. Osborne. For four Japanese,
—ist, Mr. Allen ; 2d, Mr. J. Reynolds ; 3d, Mr. J.
Thomas, gr. to R. R. Scott, Esq., Shirley. For six
plants (open to nurserymen only), — Mr. W. Joy was
placed ist, with good specimens of Fair Maid of
Guernsey, and Elaine, S:c. ; 2d, Mr. W. Dove, Shirley;
3d, Messrs. Ransom & Sons, Shirley. For single speci-
men (Japanese). — Mr. Wills was ist, with Bouquet Fait,
6 feet through ; 2d, Mr. L. Kings, with Hiver Fleur,
from 6 to 7 feet through ; 3d, ^I^. W. Joy. Single
specimen (incurved or reflexed).— Mr. Wills was
again placed ist, with a grand plant of Dr.
Sharpe : Mr. L. Kings and Mr. Osborne followed.
In the cut bloom classes the most important was for
twenty-four blooms, sixteen incurved or reflexed and
eight Japanese. There were eight competitors, who
made quite an imposing display. Mr. E. Molyneux, gr.
to W. H. Myers, Esq., Swanmore Park, Bishops
Waltham, gained the ist prize, with blooms of large
size, excellent form, and grandly finished, of Madame
C. Andiguier, Fair Maid of Guernsey. Comte de Ger-
miny, J. Delaux, Meg Merrilies, Baron de Prailly, M.
Ardene Thunberg, Lord Alcester, Empress of India,
Queen of England, Golden Empress, King of Crimsons,
Mr. Howe, Prince Alfred, Lord Wolseley, Hero of
Stoke Newington, Princess Teck, Lady Hardinge, Jeanne
d'Arc, Princess of Wales, Pink Venus ; 2d, Mr. W.
Neville, gr. to F. W. Flight, Esq., Twyford, Win-
chester, with blooms of large size, but lacking finish,
some of his Japanese being very fine, notably Comtesse
de Beauregard, Fanny Boucharlet, Marguerite Marrouch,
and Mdlle. Lacroix ; 3d, Mr. E. Wills, with large blooms
that were a trifle coarse, his best being Lord Alcester,
Mr. Howe, M. Astorg, Empress Eugenie ; 4th, Mr.
Osborne. For twenty-four cut blooms, not less than
eighteen varieties, there were six collections staged. In
this Mr. Molyneux was again the winner of the 1st prize,
having fine blooms of Golden Empress, Empress of
India, Lord Alcester, Princess of Wales, and King of
Crimsons ; 2d, Mr. W. Neville ; 3d, Mr. E. Wills ;
while an extra prize was awarded to Messrs. W. & G.
Drover, Fareham, nurserymen, for a bright even stand
of good blooms. For twelve incurved Mr. Molyneux
was again successful in winning a ist prize, with even,

neat blooms, similar in name to the preceding
classes ; 2d, Mr. Wills, who staged a fine
bloom of Mr. Brunless in this class ; 3d, Messrs.
W. & G. Drover, liaving a grand bloom of Mrs.
Dixon; 4lh, Mr. F. D. Hunt, gr. to Mr. R. Moss,
M.P., Weston Grove. For twelve blooms, Japanese,
eleven entries.— Mr. Molyneux just succeeded in winning
1st place with five solid blooms of J. Delaux, Mons.
Desbreux, M. Burnet, iVe. ; Mr. Wills was a close 2d,
who staged magnificent blooms of M. Astorg, Hiver
Fleur, Criterion, and Magnmn Bonum ; Mr. W.
Neville was 3d, having a large bloom of Rubrum striatum ;
4th. Messrs. Drover. For twelve blooms of Anemome
varieties.— Mr. Molyneux was a long way ahead of all i.he
other competitors, staging magnificent blooms of Fabias
de Madaranaz, a new variety with long guard petals of a
pleasing shade of lilac colour; Mdlle. Cabrol, So?ur
Dorothec Souille, Fleur de Marie. Mrs. Pethers, i\:c.
2d, Mr. Wills, who put up fine blooms of Gluck and
Georges Sands ; 3d, Mersrs. Drover. For twelve blooms,
reflexed varieties. — Mr. Molyneux once more followed up
his successes with large, deep blooms of King of Crim-
sons, Golden and Pink Christine, Phidias, and Mrs.
Foisythe ; Mr. Wills 2d, with extra fine blooms of King
of Crimsons ; 3d, Mr. Neville. A new class was pro-
vided— that for cut blooms of natural growth, to be
shown with 4 inches of stem. This proved to be not
a too desirable class, causing some complaints as to the
awards ; but Mr. Wills was placed in his right position
with very large blooms of Lord Alcester, Grandifloruni,
Dr. Sharpe, and Barbara, arranged with their own
foliage ; 2d, Mr. Allen, who staged a very fine
bloom of Ciuillaumc Delaux ; 3d, Mr. Osborne. For
twelve cut blooms not less than eight varieties, open
to gardens only wlio did not compete in tlic preceding
classes. — This brought out twelve competitors, Mr. W.
Wildsmith, gr. to Viscount Evcrslcy, Ueckficid, Winch-
field, making a successful debut as a Chrysanthemum
grower. He staged grand blooms, winning easily the
ist place willi Madame C. Andiguier, Criterion, Fair
Maid of Guernsey, Alfred Salter, &c. ; 2d, Mr. Allen ;
5d, Mr. Osborne. For twelve cut blooms, open to those
who had never taken a prize previously for Ciirysanthe-
niums. — Here again Mr. Wildsmith followed up his pre-
vious success, having blooms similar in character to those in
the preceeding class ; 2d, Mr. R. Munday, nurseryman,
Basingstoke ; 3d, Mr. J. Selden. gr. to Mrs. Brooke
Furman. East Cowes ; 4th, Mr. Busby, gr. to F.
Willan, Esq. , Thornhill. For twelve cut blooms, nursery-
men only. — Messrs. Drover were easily 1st ; 2d, Mr. H.
Munday ; 3d, Mr. W. Beachey, Kingskerswell, Devon.
For twelve cut blooms, amateurs. — 1st, Mr. R. Carter,.
Kent Road, St. Denys. In this stand were fine blooms
of Elaine and Peter the Great. Captain Gibbs, Portswood.
was a very close 2d ; 3d, Mrs. E. Plight, Winchester.
For six cut blooms, amateurs. — ist, Mr. H. Brodie ; 2d,
Mr. W. Reeves. For the most elegantly -dressed stand
with Chrysanthemums and other flowers, Miss Flight,
Winchester, was placed ist with a particularly light
arrangement, followed by those of Mrs. Chamberlain and
Mrs. Brodie.

MrscELLANEOUS GuoUFS Were shown by four com-
petitors. Mrs. Wills was placed first with one of a semi-
circular form having a pleasing arrangement of Palms,
Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Heaths, &c. ; Messrs. W,
& G. Ransome, nurserymen, Shirley, were a
very close 2d, with a group that was slightly
spoiled by the back plants being too heavy ; 3d, Mr. N.
Blandford ; 4th, Mr. Reynolds. For a collection of Or-
chids Mr. Osborn was ist, followed by Mr. Blandford
— interesting collections in both cases.

T.\BLE Plants — Solanums, Cyclamens, Primulas,
&c. — were staged in good order by Messrs. Wills,
Allen, and Messrs. Jeffery, nurserymen, Winchester.

Fkuit, as previously stated, formed a large part of the
exhibition, and was excellent in quality all through. For
three bunches of Grapes, distinct varieties, Mr. 'r. Hall,
gr. to Captain Davidson, South Stoneham House, was
adjudged ist for bunches not over large, but splendidly
finished, carrying a dense bloom. The varieties were
Muscat of Alexandria, Alicante, and Barbarossa ; 2d,
Mr. W. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor, Longford
Castle, Salisbury, who staged large bunches of Gros
Guillaume, Gros Colmar, having good berries, and
Alicante, good colour ; 3d, Mr. Molyneux, with a
finely finished bunch of Barbarossa as the best ; 4th,
Mr. A. Gates, gr. to W. G. Roy, Esq., The Byams,
Marchwood. For three bunches black Grapes, Mr.
Hall repeated his previous success by taking ist prize
with Alicante, perfect in bunch, berry, and colour; 2d,
Mr. T. Grant, gr. to Major Murray, Ossemsley Manor,
with Alicante, small in bunch, but very large berries,
superbly finished ; 3d, Mr. Molyneux. For three bunches
of white Cjrapcs Mr. Ward was easily ist with grand
bunches of i\luscatof Alexandria of a beautiful amber
colour ; 2d, Mr. T. Hall, with the same varlely, good in
bunch, berry, and colour, but slightly shrivelled ; 3d,
Mr. Sanders, gr. to J. East, Esq., Longstock House,
For two bunches of black Grapes, ist was awarded to
Mr. W. Hills, gr. to Viscount Gort, East Cowes Castle,
for Alicante, fine in all respects ; 2d, Mr. T. Osborne ;
3d, Mr. W. Sanders. For two bunches of white
Grapes. — Messrs. Oshorne and Gates were awarded ist
and 2d prizes in the order named. For the heaviest
bunch, Mr. Ward was ist ; he had a splendid bunch of
Gros Guillaume, fine in shape, colour, and berry, weigh-
ing 8 lb.; 2d, Mr. Hall, with Alicante, 5^ lb., of fine
colour and berry ; 3d. Mr. fiudd, gr. to F. G. Dalgety,
Esq., Lockerley Hall. For one Pine-apple. — Mr.
Richards, gr. to the Earl of Normanton, Somerley,
Ringwood, was ist, with a Queen of good colour and
form ; 2d, Mr, J. Budd. For four dishes of Apples
any variety), ten collections were staged, Mr, T,

632

IHH GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

Hall secured ist prize with fruit not over large, but
splendid in quality and colour, Flower of Kent, Scarlet
Admirable, Wellington Pippin, and Blenheim Orange.
For three dishes of dessert Apples eighteen competitors
entered. First honours were adjudged to Mr. Wild-
smith, for King of the Pippins, Court Pendu Plat, rich
in colour, and extremely fine Ribston Pippins. For
three dishes of kitchen Apples fourteen entered the list.
First honours were secured by Mr. j. Mair, with Alfris-
ton, fine ; Gloria Mundi, large ; and Hollandbury,
grand. For dishes of Pears. — ist, Mr. Sanders, who
had large fruit of General Todtleben, Beurre Bachelier,
Beurr^ Diel, and Doyenne^ du Comice. For three dishes
of Pears.— ist, Mr. A. Gates. For a dish of Nuts {Cobs
or Filbertsj.— ist, Mr. Wildsmith.

Vegetables were finely shown, as they always are at
Southampton. For eight varieties Mr. Cox, gr. to
R. K. Wyndham, Esq., Corhampton House, Bishop's
Watham, was ist, with grand Veitchs Autumn Giant
Cauliflowers, Pragnell's Beet, Parsnips, Magnum
Bonum Potatos, and fine Leeks. For a collection of
salad Messrs. Richards, Sanders, Amys, and Co.\ took
the prizes in the order here named.

Brighton and Hove : Nov. 11 and 12.— The
annual exhibition of this Society was held in the Dome
on the above dates, and if this (the second) show may be
taken as a criterion of Chrysanthemum culture at this
fashionable seaside resort, the committee may look for-
ward with every confidence to having one of the best
gatherings possible in the future. Being held during
the height of the season in that town, there should be no
lack of funds forthcoming to maintain an annual exhi-
bition, and provide even belter prizes than on this occa-
sion. A better place than the Dome could scarcely be
chosen wherein to hold an exhibidon, provided the
weather be clear. On this occasion it was somewhat
dull, but later in the day, when lighted with the electric
hght, the effect was everything that could be desired.
The groups for effect formed most prominent and
striking leatures, but being staged under the gallery,
they were not seen to the best advantage till the electric
light was applied, then they made a very grand display.
In the first or open division the ist prize for a group for
effect was awarded to Mr. Spottiswoode, gr. to G.
Duddell, Esq., Uueen's Park, Brighton, for an excellent
group, well assorted in colour and diversified in arrange-
ment ; the 2d award going to Messrs. Miles Brothers,
The Bristol Nurseries, Kemp Town. This group con-
sisted of a greater amount of flower, the ist prize lot,
however, gaining in the arrangement. Mr. Turner, gr.
to Major Way, Hove, was awarded the 3d prize for a
bright and cheerful group. In another group, contri-
buted by Mr. Bunney, gr, to W. H. Campion, Esq.,
Denny Park, were a number of well-grown plants
and excellent blooms : many of the latter would have
done credit in any winning stand of cut blooms.
The latter exhibitor took ist for an excellent group
in the 2d division, having a central plant of Juha La
Graviere that was very conspicuous in its position—
the 2d prize going to another lively group, from Mr.
Wallis, Esq., J. P., Preston Park (Mr. Hill, gr.). For
six standards, which appeared to be a favourite style at
this show, and were a most prominent feature, the ist
prize was won by Mr. Rolfe, gr. to A. G. Uttermore,
Esq., Patching, for a set of well grown and uniform
plants, on stems about q.\ feet high, representing about
half a globe in outline, and a decided improvement on
the usually seen plants in this style. His best kinds
were Mrs. Dixon, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Mrs. G.
Rundle, and Peter the Great ; Mr. Hill taking 2d, with
another good half dozen. For four standards the latter
exhibitor took the ist award, with rather smaller plants.
For dwarfs there was not any great competition. For
both six and four Mr. Meachen, gr. to C. Armstrong,
Esq., Withdeane, was placed ist, with neat plants, not
large, but well bloomed, and flowers of good quaUty.
The 2d, for four plants, was taken by Mr. Fleet, gr. to
R. Streatfield. Esq., Uckfield, with Japanese varieties.
The classes for pompons did not bring forth any com-
petition, but this deficiency was amply made up for by a
splendid group staged by Mr. Balchin, Hassocks and
Brighton Nurseries. This excellent lot of plants con-
sisted of some two dozen splendid standards and several
dwarf grown plants of the best kinds, conspicuous
amongst which was a beautiful plant of Mrs. G. Rundle,
some 5 feet in diameter, and furnished with an abund-
ance of well formed flowers. The same exhibitor also
staged five stands of first-class cut blooms of incurved,
Anemone-flowered, and Japanese varieties. Among
incurved kinds the best were White Venus, Eve, Beu-
digo. Golden Empress, and Barbara ; of Anemone-
flowered, Lady Margaret, Fleur de Marie, Empress,
Acquisition, and King of Anemones; and of Japanese
varieties, which were a grand lot, the best were Crite-
rion, Boule d'Or, Margot, Dr. Macary, Madame Deville,
and Thunberg— these would have stood in the front rank
in any competing stand. In the large class for forty-
eight cut blooms (equal numbers each of incurved and
Japanese) the ist prize was won by Mr. C. Gibson,
gr. to J. Wormald, Esq., Morden Park. Mitcham,
with a set in every sense first-class, comprising
an excellent variation of colour that enhanced their
otherwise good qualities. Of incurved kinds he had grand
blooms of Empress of India (a perfect specimen). Hero
of Stoke Newington, Golden Queen, Lord Alcester (very
fine), Alfred Salter, Golden Empress, Queen of England,
Yellow Perfection, Bendigo, Barbara, Princess of Wales,
and Mrs. G. Rundle ; his best Japanese were Thunberg
(a splendid bloom), Mdlle. Lacroix, Comte de Germiny,
J. Delaux, Grandiflorum, Duchess of Albany, Fanny
Bouchariet (fine), Criterion, Album-plenum, and Hiver
Fleur. This was throughout an admirable collection.

The 2d prize in the same class was won by Mr. Penfold,
gr. to Sir F. Fitzwigram, Bart., M.P., of Leigh Park,
Havant, the specimens in this exhibit were scarcely so
even, and some of the flowers were somewhat too far
advanced, there were, however, splendid examples of
Golden Empress (an extraordinary bloom), Mrs. Hali-
burton. Novelty, Empress of India, and Miss Mary
Morgan among the incurveds, and of Striatum (very
fine), Boule d'Or, Elaine, Comte de Germiny, Wizard,
and Fulton from his Japanese kinds. The 3d prize went
to Mr. Hopkins, gr. to R. Thornton, Esq., High Cross,
Sussex, who had Thunberg (Japanese), very fine, also
Prince and Princess of Wales (incurved), both good.
For twenty-four incurved blooms, Mr. Gore, gr, to
Captain Taylor, Hastings, was ist, with a compact lot
of blooms, Emily Dale, Barbara, and Eve, being all that
could be desired ; 2d, Mr. Russell, gr. to Dr. C. F.
Lewis, Henfield, in wh6se lot Refulgence, Lord
Wolseley, and Lady Hardinge, were conspicuous. For
twelve incurved kinds, Mr. Taylor was again ist. having
another fine bloom of Emily Dale and Virgin Queen, a
first-class flower, Mr. Russell following as before. For
twenty-four Japanese kinds, Mr. Elphick, gr. to J.
Glutton, Esq., Reigate, was ist, with fine flowers of
Agrements de la Nature, Peter the Great, Mons.
Lemoine, and Album-plenum ; the 2d award going to Mr.
Gore, who had Mdme. C. Andiguier, Sarnia and
Grandiflorum, all good blooms. Mr. Penfold
taking ist for twelve varieties of the same
type with good blooms of sports already named,
Mr. Russell following him closely. For six Anemone-
flowered varieties, Mr. Goode, gr, to G. Stone, Esq. ,
Redhill, was ist, with fine blooms among others of
Acquisition and Prince of Anemones. Classes were pro-
vided for blooms of incurved and Japanese varieties, cut
with not less than 6 inches of clear stem : this struck us
as a capital way in which to show cut blooms, a pleasing
effect being thus produced besides being somewhat of a
novelty as well, the fohage thus gained adding materially
to the display of the blooms themselves. Mr. Penfold
took ist in the class thus provided for incurved varieties,
and ako in that for Japanese kinds. Mr. Jupp, gr. to
G. Boulton, Esq., Eastbourne, was ist for twelve kinds
of pompons, amongst which Golden Madame Marthe
was noteworthy. For a table bouquet of Chrysanthe-
mums, Mr. Bunney was ist, with an excellent arrange-
ment ; the 2d going to Mr. Miller, of Shoreham, who
also had a capital example. In the second division of
cut blooms, open to gardeners and amateurs only, Mr.
Gore took ist for twenty-four fine blooms (equal of in-
curved and Japanese), the latter being very fine ; Mr.
Russell following, a very close 2d ; and Mr. Hewitt, Field
House, Rottingdean, also a very near 3d — in fact there
was little to choose between the collections. In the
class for twelve incurved, Mr. Goode was ist, and in that
for the same number of Japanese, Mr. Russell again won.
All the classes in this division brought out an abundant
competition in nearly every case. Special prizes were
offered for twelve Chrysanthemums in 6-inch pots, and
some very neat and well grown plants were shown, Mr.
Spottiswoode and Mr. Bunney being the chief prize-
takers.

Fruit. — Classes were likewise provided for Grapes,
Pears, Apples, and vegetables, and the exhibits were in
nearly every case of first-rate quality. For white Grapes,
Mr. Spotti.swoode won in each class with Muscat of
Alexandria, and again in one class for blacks with Ali-
cante, the other ist for black Grapes going to
Mr. Buxton, gr. to J. Butler, Esq., Withdeane.
Some of the samples shown in these classes
bore evidence of having been ripe for some time. For
four dishes of dessert Pears, Mr. Duncan, gr. to C.
Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, was ist, with first-rate
samples of Doyenn^ du Comice, ConseiUer de la Cour,
Beurre Diel, and Baronne de Mello ; Mr. Ford, of
Leonard's Lee, taking 2d, Durondeau and Marie Louise
being both very fine. For four kinds of dessert Apples,
Lieut. -Colonel C. B. Cave was ist, with fine fruit of
Adam's Pearmain, Omar Pacha, Cox's Orange, and
Blenheim ; and Mr. Duncan the 2d, having King of the
Pippins and Ribston Pippin, both good. For cuUnary
Pears, Mr. Ford was ist, with grand fruit of Uvedale's
St. Germain, and Mr. Bunney with similar fruit of
Catillac. Mr. Ford again won ist with culinary Apples,
having M^re de Menage, Blenheim, and Hollandbury,
each kind making a fine dish ; Mr. Standing coming 2d
with Shepherd's Fame, of extra size, also a fine dish of
the old Russet.

Vegetables formed a strong class, the samples in
each collection being of a high order of merit, Mr. Duncan
takiag ist, having strong points in Brussels Sprouts and
Tomatos ; Mr. Manton, of Hurstpierpoint coming 2d,
and showing fine Long Surrey Carrots and Parsnips ;
Mr. Bunney being 3d, with extra fine Onions and
Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflowers : but a few points
separated the latter lots from the first, so close were they
to each other. In the competition for Messrs. Sutton's
prizes for Potatos some fine samples were shown by Mr.
Manton, taking ist, having Reading Russet and School-
master, with four other kinds, very good ; 2d, to Mr.
May, of Littlehampton, in whose lot Sutton's Prize-
taker was prominent.

In Miscellaneous Classes for plants there were fine
Primulas (doubles) from Mr. Manton, that took 1st in
their class ; Mr. Godby, of Burgess Hill, following 2d,
with singles and doubles. Some very pretty table plants
were arranged between the cut blooms of Chrysanthe-
mums, Mr. Turner winning ist for six, arranged so as
to form three pairs, being two Crotons. two Dracasnas,
and two Palms ; a very pretty 2d prize lot coming from
Mr. Spottiswoode. Cyclamens were hardly sufficiently
advanced, but were well grown plants. Around the

orchestra Mr. George Miles, Victoria Nursery. Brighton,
arranged an effective group of Chrysanthemums, that
formed a capital background to the platform. //.

Kingston and Surbiton Chrysanthemum
Society. — The eighth annual exhibition of this
Society took place in the Drill Hall, Kingston, on Tues-
day and Wednesday, November 11 and 12. The exhi-
bits all round were exceptionally fine, and the Society is
to be congratulated for having provided such a substan-
tial treat to visitors. The view of the show, as seen
from the gallery, presented an unusually attractive
appearance — the groups of miscellaneous plants and
Chrysanthemums staged round the outer part of the
hall having a most pleasing effect, and forming a
striking background to the exhibits of cut blooms, which
were staged principally on three large tables running
down the centre of the hall. These again were taste-
fully arranged, as the plants for table decoration, berry-
bearing plants. Primulas, Cyclamens, &c., were exhi-
bited on a small raised platform running down the
centre of each table, relieving the monotony of the large
exhibits of cut blooms effectually. Three tables were
devoted to miscellaneous exhibits, amongst which
we noticed some nice epergnes of cut blooms,
bouquets of Chrysanthemums and buttonhole bouquets.
Messrs. T. Jackson & Son, nurserymen, Kingston, exhi-
bited foiu- stands and two baskets of excellent Grapes ;
and Mr. W. Bates, gr. to J. E. Meek, Esq.. Poulet
Lodge, Twickenham, showed six nice dishes of fruit,
consisting of a Charlotte Rothschild Pine-apple, Black
Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, two dishes
of Pears and one of Apples. For the best group of
miscellaneous plants arranged for effect Mr. T. A.
Glover, gr. to W. Erill, Esq., Worcester Park, was isl,
with a remarkably well arranged lot of the usual varieties
of decorative plants ; Mr. C. Attril, Bank Grove Gar-
dens, Kingston, 2d ; and Mr. J. Martin, gr. to J. Fforde,
Esq., Elm Lodge, Surbiton Hill, 3d. For the best
collection of Chrysanthemums in pots, arranged for
effect, Mr. C. Orchard, gr. to J. Galsworthy, Coombe
Warren, Kingston, was ist, with a teUing lot of nice
dwarf well-bloomed plants, with grand foUage ; Mr. J.
Buss, gr. to A. S. Price, Esq., Park Side, Ewell, 2d ;
Mr. W. Bums, gr. to H. A. Rigg, Esq., Wykeham
Lodge, Hersham, 3d ; Mr. T. A, Glover 4th, and Mr. J.
Lyne, Wimbledon, extra. For six incurved specimen
plants with single stems, distinct, Mr. G, King,
gr. to R. Few, Esq., Wolsey Grange, Esher, was
ist, with grand examples of Prince of Wales, Mrs.
Dixon, Mrs, Glenny, Lady Hardinge, Lord Wolseley,
and Mrs. Halliburton, fine plants, well bloomed ;
Mr. J. Sallows, gr. to J, J Flack, Esq., Hampton Road,
Twickenham, 2d ; and Mr. R. Watson, gr. to D.
Macrostie, Esq., Eden Street, Kingston, 3d. For three
ditto, Mr. Trussler, gr. to J. Shand, Esq., Fullbrooks,
Old Maiden, was ist ; and Mr. R. Caute, gr. to J. P.
Robinson, Esq., Brookleigh, Esher, 2d, For three
specimen standards of incurved varieties, Mr. R. Caute
was ist, with grand plants of Prince of Wales, Mrs. G.
Rundle, and Mrs. Dixon ; Mr. H. Trussler 2d, and Mr.
J. Sallows 3d. For three specimen Japanese plants, Mr,
G. King was ist, with splendid plants of La Nymphe,
Safrano, and Bouquet Fait ; Mr. H. Trussler 2d, Mr.
J. Sallows 3d, and Mr. C. Orcliard extra. For six speci-
men plants (single stems), pompons, Mr. J. Lyne was ist,
his best being St. Thais, Rosinante, St. Michael, and
White Cedo Nulli ; Mr. R. Watson 2d, Mr. j. Child, gr.
to Mrs. Slade, Claygate, and Mr. J. Martin equal 3d.
For the best three standard pompons, Mr. J. Lyne was
ist ; and for the best single trained specimen pompon
Mr. J. Child was ist, with a fine plant of Miss Wheeler ;
Mr. R. Watson 2d, and Mr. J. Lyne 3d. For the best
nine plants for table decoration, Mr. J. Lyne was ist, Mr.
W. Bates 2d, and Mr. J. R. Chard, Floral Depot, Clap-
ham Common. 3d. For the best six ditto, Mr. G. King
was ist ; and for the best six Cyclamen.^;, Mr. J.
Wiggins.

The competition for the Champion Vase, always one
of the most interesting in the kingdom, with cut blooms,
lacked no interest this year. The present i-^ the third
challenge vase offered, the first having, after n long
tussle, fallen into the possession of Mr. Harding, of
Roehampton. The second one soon found an owner,
as Mr, Molyneux, the champion Hampshire grower,
and gr. to W. H. Myers, Esq.. Swanmore Park, Bishop's
Waltham, took it off two years in succession, and now
this year the same famous grower has taken possession,
for one year at least, of the new cup, which is a large
and handsome silver bowl — quite a splendid trophy in
its way. There were in the class, which requires twenty-
four incurved flowers and twenty-four Japanese, four
competitors; but the contest — a keen one certainly,
taking five judges to decide upon, and nearly an hour
of time — laid between Mr. Molyneux and Mr. Gibson, gr.
to J. Wormold, Esq., Morden Park, Mitcham. The
former had the best incurved flowers by some twenty
points, whilst the latter had rather the best Jupanese.
Mr. J. Himmell, gr. to F. A. Davis, Esq., President of
the Society, was placed 3d ; and Mr. Macphcrson, gr.
to S. Page, Esq., Surbiton, 4th. Amongst the best
flowers shown in the class were, of incurved ; — Lord
Alcester, Golden Empress, Empress of India. Prince of
Wales, Cherub, Baron Beust, Jeanne d'Arc, Jardin des
Plantes, Alfred Salter. John Salter, Bendigo, Mrs.
Heale, Queen of England, and Refulgence. Of
Japanese, very fine were Mons. Ardcne, Thunberg,
Baron de Prailly, Garnet, Album-striatuni, Album-plenum,
J . Delaux, or F. A. Davis (the most prominent dark flower
in all the stands), Madame .-\ndiguier. Criterion, Mdlle.
Lacroix, and Japonaise. Only three lots of twenty-four
incurved flowers were staged, Mr. Molyneux being
again a good ist, with some superb clean flowers ; Mr.
Woodgate, gr. to Lord Wolverton, Kingston Hill, was

November 15, i88^.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

633

2d ; and Mr. D. Powell, Powderham Castle, Devon,
was placed 4th, the 3d prize being withheld. His
blooms were far below the metropolitan standard.
Amongst good blooms in this cla-s were— Mr. Home,
Lord Wolseley, Princess Beatrice, Hero of Stoke
Newington, Xovehy, Beverley, and Mr. Brunless, with
others previously named. No less than twelve dozens of
incurved blooms weresi.iged, making a brave sljow, and
comprising: a fresh lot of exhibitors. Here Mr. J.
Strong, Thames Street. Weybiidge, was ist wiih a
capital lot of blooms of well known kinds. Mr. E.
Coombs, gr. to F. A. Browne, Ksq., Teddington,
was 2d ; Mr. W. Fyfe. gr. to W. F. Dick, Esq . Thames
Dilton. was 3d ; and Mr. Stephenson, Teddington, was
4th The class for si.t incurved blooms was also well
filled. Then with six incurved, of one kind, Mr. Moly-
neux was an easy ist. with grand blooms of Princess of
Wales ; Mr, J. Strong coming next with good Queen of
England; and Mr. G. King, gr. to R. Fewe, Esq.,
Esher, with Golden Empress. Turning now to the
beautiful Japanese section, the class for twenty-four
blooms included eight lots— a grand floor of flowers.
Here local exhibitors held their own, the ist place
being taken by Mr. G. King ; Mr. J. Child, gr. to Mrs.
Slude, Claygate, came 2d ; Mr. Woodgate 3d, and Mr.
Bates, gr. 10 J. Meek, Esq.. Poulett Lodge, Twicken-
ham, 4ih. VeVy fine indeed in this class were Mons.
Burnet, Mdlle. Lacroix, Marguerite Marrouch, F. A.
Davis, Triomphe de la Rue de ChAtelet, Madame C.
Andiguier, Balmorean, Fanny Boucharlet, Mons.
Delaux, Hiver Fleur, Soleil Levant, P(!;re Delaux, and
Magnum Bonum. The class for twelve Japanese pro-
duced eleven lots, and was again a grand "lot of blooms,
the prizes falling chiefly to previous named exhibitors.
The class for six blooms of one kind of Japanese brought
ten lots, of which seven were of Madame C. Andiguier,
but the ist prize was taken with grand blooms of F. A.
Davis, shown by Mr. Fyfe. Mr. Woodgate coming 2d,
with excellent Madame C. Andiguier; Mdlle. Lacroix
coming 3d. Some large blooms of Thunberg were also
shown. With reflexed flowers Mr. Molyneux was again
well ist, his dozen blooms being exceptionally fine.
These, permitting duplicates, comprised King of Crim-
sons. Golden and Pink Christine, Mrs. Forsyth, Cloth of
Gold, and Phidias. Mr. C. Slade. gr. to Lady Bowater,
Richmond Park, and Mr. J. Child were 2d and 3d in
this class, both having some capital blooms. The
Anemones were again a strong class, eleven dozens
being staged, but Mr. Molyneux was an easy winner
again, with grand flowers, including such Japanese kinds
as Mdlle. Cabrol.Fabiasde Maderanaz, Fleur de Marie,
Dorothea de SouiUe, Mrs. Pethers, and I^dy Margaret.
Mr. Stephenson who was 2d, had some fine blooms of
Empress, King of Anemones, and Georges Sand. Mr.
Gibson was 3d. With twelve pompons, again Mr. Moly-
neux was ist, having fine selected blooms in trebles of
Marabout, Madame Marthe, and Eldorado, Rose
d'Amour, St. Michael, Toufsaint, Mauriossett. Pygma-
lion. Mr. W. Clarke, gr. to A. Nagle, Esq , Kingston,
was 2d ; and Mr. Lyne3d, these showing bunches rather
than selected blooms. Finally, the last principal class
was the pompon Anemones, Mr. W. Furze, Teddington,
coming ist, wiih some charming flowers ; Mr. Molyneux
was 2d ; and Mr. Lyne 3d. Of the best were Antonius,
Mr. Wyness, Marie Stuart, Mr. Astie, and Madame
Montels. All the smaller classes for cut blooms were well
fiUed.

Certificates of Merit were awarded to Beauts des Jar-
dins, a medium-sized, but elegant tasselled flower of a
rich purplish-magenta hue, that should make it exceed-
ingly popular ; to Val d'Andorre. a large, but full flower,
petals narrow and rather straight, of reddish-buff hue ;
and to Flamme du Punch, a loose petalled kind, ot a
soft silky buff colour. These were shown by Messrs.
Jackson & Sons.

Cheshunt Chrysanthemum. — The first exhi-
bition of this Society was opened under circumstances of
great promise in St. Mary's Hall, Cheshunt, on Friday,
November 7. The President is the Right Hon. Viscount
Grimston, and the energetic committee have the advan-
tage of the matured experience of Mr. George Paul, of
the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Besides the prizes offered
for Chrysanthemums, Cyclamens, Chinese Primulas,
fruit and vegetables were included in the schedule. It
was pleasing also to see that cottagers of Cheshunt
parish were asked to compete with vegetable products of
their gardens, substantial prizes being offered. A leading
feature of the exhibition was the prizes offered for a
group of Chrysanthemums in pots. There were three
competitors, by far the best being that of Robt. Ewing,
Esq., Biu-ton Grange {gr. Mr. Beitisworih). The plants
bad been grown in a natural manner, were in excellent
condition, and the flowers were of superb quality. In
the class for twenty-four blooms, twelve of them to be in-
curved and twelve Japanese, the same exhibitor easily held
the ist place ; the flowers had not been dressed or
manipulatedin anyway ; but the whole of them were very
fine in size and quality ; they were fit to hold a leading
place in any exhibition in England. Of Golden John
Salter no finer bloom has ever been grown. Bendigo, a
sport from Eve, yellow, was very fine. Emily Dale,
Golden Empress of India. Empress of India, and Princess
of Wales were fine. In Japanese Soleil Levant, Elaine,
Grandiflornm. Flambeau, and Peter the Great were the
best. Mr. Ewing was a leading prize-taker in most of
the classes, his blooms throughout giving evidence of
skilful cultivation. His reflexed varieties, and also the
large-flowered Anemones, were not anything behind the
other kinds in quality. Of the former the old Dr.
Sharpe. crimson, and the much older Cloth of Gold
were very beauulul, add to these King of Crimsons, and
we have a trio of the best reflexed kinds. The Anemones
included in their number Madame Cabrol, a distinct

and very beautiful kind, of a purplish-blush colour ; the
pure white Fleur de Marie, Mrs. Pethers. Prince of
Anemones. Madame Godereau, Gluck, and .Acquisition.
James Warren, Esq. Capel House, Wallham Cross
(Mr. Green, gr.), gained a ist prize with six beautiful
blooms of the golden-yellow Gluck. The same exhi-
bitor likewise gained a ist prize in a good competition
for six Japanese. He had good blooms of Elaine,
Source d"Or, one of the best; Mons. Lemoine. James
Silter, .\grements de la Nature, and Chinaman. J. W.
Carlile. Pondsborn (|. Pringle. gr.). was successful in
taking the ist prize for six incurved blooms with a good
stand. Before passing from the Chrysanthemums a
word of praise must be given to Mr. Ewing for his six
large-flowering specimen plants. They had been
allowed to grow in their own way, but formed handsome
heads of large well formed blooms.

Miscellaneous Plants, comprising Heaths.
Calanthe Vcitchii, Ferns, &c., well grown, were sent
from the last-named exhibitor, and a collection scarcely
inferior from W. G. Rowlett, Esq. {gr., Mr. P. Perry).
In this group was a nice flowering plant of Odontoglos-
sum crispum. Chinese Prinmlas were wonderfully fine,
the best being from A. C, Crocker, Esq. (Mr. Dudley,
gr.). Worniley, Bury, H. J. Bushby, Esq. (Mr. Strat-
ford, gr. ). was 2d, with a fine group, composed entirely
of Swanley Red. Mr. Warren gained a ist prize with
excellent Mrs. Pince's Grapes, Mr. Ewing being awarded
ist prizes for his Apples and Pears.

Besides the ordinary exhibits, Messrs. Paul, of Ches-
hunt, sent, not for competition, excellent examples of
incurved and Japanese Chrysanthemums, the latter
being very fine. Tlie best were F. A. Davis, Thunberg,
Safranot, Harlequin. Source d'Or, Rubrum striatum. La
Cossack. Bouquet Fait, Madame Lacroix, Henri Jacotot,
Mons. Astorg. M. Delaux. &c. A box of Bendigo was
fine in the incurved section. The same firm also decorated
the orchestra with flowering and foliaged plants ; con-
spicuous amongst the former were some excellent Cycla-
mens. A large pure white variety of the giganteum
type was well worthy of the varietal name of Joseph
Chamberlain. Tea Roses Niphetos, fine white, and
Sunset, the colour of Madame Falcot, were very fine ;
the latter is a f port from Perles des Jardins, consequently
it is a full Madame Falcot. Dwarf Carnations of the
perpetual flowering type, Madame Carle, pure white,
and Bernhardt bright red, with a reddish-violet flake,
were very pretty in the group.

Mr. J. W. Springhett. Holly Nursery, Hammond
Street, Cheshunt, also exhibited, not lor competition,
two stands of Japanese varieties, comprising the best of
the old and new kinds ; they were well grown and neatly
set up. Album plenum, fine white ; Margot, distinct
rose ; and Hiver Fleur were conspicuous.

It would take too much space to give the names of all
the prizetakers, and the vegetables must also be omitted,
with the remark that the collection sent by Mr. Rowlett's
gardener vvas fine, especially the dish of autumn Broccoli.

Stoke Newington Chrysanthemum. — The
annual exhibition in connection with the above Society
was held in the Assembly Rooms, Stoke Newington, on
Monday and Tuesday, November 10 and 11, and must
be considered a great success. The committee must
have taxed their ingenuity to the utmost to arrange the
numerous exhibits in the manner they did in the space
allotted to them. The exhibits, taking them all round,
were highly creditable, some of them especially so ; for
instance, the splendid specimen plants exhibited by Mr.
Monk. gr. to W. Fowler, Esq. ; the incurved bloom by
Mr. Udall, Shirechffe Hall, Sheffield, for which he
received the Silver Cup for the best twenty-four in the
show ; and the Japanese blooms by Mr. Calvert, gr. to
G. Kent, Esq., Souihwood, Highgate. A miscellaneous
collection of choice fruits, baskets of flowers, bridal and
other bouquets, and a wreath, cross, and anchor of
while flowers, exhibited by Mr. J. Smith, Stoke
Newington (not for competition) were also greatly
admired, and imparted a pleasing variety to the exhibi-
tion. For the best collection of nine large-flowering
Chrysanthemnms in pots, Mr. Monk, gr. to W.
Fowler, Esq., Forest House, Leytonstone, was ist, with
exceedingly fine plants of the following varieties : —
Peter the Great, La Charmeuse, Mons. C. Hubert, Dr.
Sharpe, Mrs. G. Rundle, To Kio, Soeur Melanie, Cossack,
and La Nymphe. Mr. Payne, gr. to C. Paine, Esq ,
Cedar House. Stamford Hill, was 2d ; and Mr. Archer,
gr, to J. Griffiihs, Esq., The Grange, Highbury, was
3d. For six and four plants respectively, Mr. Monk was
also ist, staging splendid stuff ; also for four standards,
Mr. Monk was ist, but Mr. Archer ran him very close in
this class. For three plants in pots, for those who have
never before taken a prize for Chrysanthemum plants, J.
Evans. Esq., Fernside, Stamford Hill, was ist; amongst
his three was a fine well grown plant of Peter the Great.
For the best six specimens, pompons, in pots, Mr. Payne
was 1st. For the best four specimen and best tour stan-
dard pompons, respectively, Mr. Gilbey, gr. to B,
Booth, Esq., The Cazenoves, Upper Clapton, was rst.
Mr. Archer was 1st for the best-six foliage plants, having
a nice Areca lutescens, Pandanus Veitchii, and Dicksonia
antarctica. For the best six plants for table plants, Mr.
Gilbey, Mr. Archer, and Mr. Payne, were respectively
ist, 2d, and 3d, with nice clean stuff. In the open
class for twenty-four incurved blooms, distinct,
Mr. J, Udall was justly ist, staging fine examples
of A. Salter, White Princess, Empress of India, Nil
Desperandum, Refulgens. Golden Jardin des Plantes,
Plenipo, Isabella Bott, John Salter, Golden Empress,
Prince Alfred, Mrs. Rundle, and others ; Mr. Monk was
2d, and Mr. Calvert, gr. to G. Kent, Esq., Southwood,
Highgate, was 3d. For the best twelve incurved blooms
Mr, (divert was ist, Mr. Udall 2d, and Mr. Chalkley,

gr. to J. R. Droop, Esq., Stamford Hill, 3d. For the
best six bloom;, distinct, for those who have not taken a
prize for cut Chrysanthemums before, Mr. Smith, gr.
to S. Gxrdner, Esq., Spring Hill, Upper Clapton, was
ist ; Mr. Francis, gr. to G. Mumford, Esq., Homeleigh,
Stamford Hill, 2d ; and Mr. Harding, gr. to F. Wright,
I'",sq , Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, 3d. For the best twelve
Anemone blooms, Mr. Harding was ist; Mr. R. W.
Wright, D irnley Road, Hackney, 2d ; and Mr. Oiborne,
gr. to W. S. Gardner, Esq,, Lawn House, Stamford
Hill, 3d. For the best twelve Anemone pompons. — Mr.
Smith, gr. to S. Gardner, Esq., Spring Hill, Upper
Clapton, was ist ; Mr. R. Wright was 2d, and Mr.
Chalkley 3d. For the best twelve Japanese blooms,
distinct. — Mr. Calvert was ist, with fine examples of the
following : — Mr. Barnes, P^re Delaux, Fair Maid of
Guernsey, Cry Kang, \/\ Rouge, Peter the Great, and
others ; Mr. Gilbey 2d, and Mr. Monk 3d. For the
best six Japanese blooms. — Mr. J. Westwood, The
Ldie, Snaresbrook, was ist ; Mr. Cooper, gr. to
J . Johnston, Elm Field, Upper Clapton, 2d ; and
Mrs. Harding 3d ^ a very close competition. In
the classes fur the district, for twenty-four incurved
blooms, Mr. Gilbey and Mr. Langdon, gr. to Messrs.
Monroe & Morris, Brook House, Clapton, were equal
ists, with fine even lots of well-known varieties ; Mr.
Payne being 3d. For the best twelve incurved blooms
Mr. Mirtin, gr. to H. Matthew, Esq., The Cedars,
Woodberry Down, Finsbury Park, was ist; Mr. Cooper
2d, and Mrs. Smith 3d ; and for the best si.^c ditto, Mr.
Langdon was ist, Mr. Cooper 2d, and Mr. Payne 3d.
The next three classes for amateurs who do not keep a
regular gardener, were well represented. For twelve in-
curved blooms, distinct, Mr. F. Bingham, 22, Manor
Road, Stoke Newington, was ist ; Mr. W. Goldsmith,
Grove Road, Stamford Hill, 2d ; and Mr. F. France,
82. Park Road, Crouch End, Hornsey, 3d. Mr. F.
Bingham was also ist for the best six incurved bloom? ;
Mr. White, Evering Road, Clapton, 2d ; and Mr. C.
Handley, Elms, High Street, Stoke Newington, 3d.
Mr. Goldsmith was ist tor the best six Japanese, Mr.
White 2d, and Mr. Handley 3d.

Putney and District Chrysanthemum : Nov-
II. — This is a well-known Society, and for years past has
held an exhibition of Chrysanthemums in the South.
Western District, Ttiis, for a small exhibition, was one
of the most charming one would well wish to look upon,
for plants and cut flowers alike were very good ; but the
Assembly Rooms, near the South- Western Station, are
altogether inadequate for such a purpose ; for when the
plants, tic, were staged, but little space remained for
locomotion. Some of the plants had to be put away
into small side galleries inaccessible to visitors, and par-
ticulars of the awards could only be ascertained by
clambering over specimens, to their risk of injury. It is
beyond our power to give a thoroughly correct prize list.

Plants. — Groups of Chrysanthemums were a leading
feature, and they were well done. A collection of some
thirty plants or so, on straight stems, set up by Mr. C.
W. Knowles, gr. to G. M. Attenden, Esq., Solina,
Putney Park, were well grown and had magnificent
heads of bloom ; at the back were Japanese varieties,
and in the front incurved types ; tht-y were splendidly
grown and bloomed, and the exhibitor deserves the
highest credit. Mr. A. Newell, gr. to Sir Edwin
Saunders, Fairlawn, Parkside, Wimbledon, was 2d,
with a good lot also ; Mr. J. Carter, gr. to H.
J, Parry, Esq., Heatheside, Wimbledon, being 3d ;
and Mr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney, 4lh,
None of the plants were named, but the collection
included leading varieties in the incurved and Japanese
sections. In the amateurs" class for a smaller group Miss
Toppin, Brierley, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, was
ist, with both Japanese and incurved, and very good they
were ; J. Pepper, Esq., Ea^t Lodge, Putney, was 2d ;
and W. Dumper, Esq., St. John's Road, Putney, 3d.
It must be admitted that Chrysanthemum plants are well
grown in the district.

Trained Specimens were of medium size, but well
grown and flowered. Mr. J, Eentley, gr. to Sir Thomas
Gabriel, Bart., Edgcombe Hill, Wimbledon, was ist, with
four specimens, having Lady Slade, Mrs. Dixon, Dr.
Sharpe. and Mrs. HaUiburton ; 2d, Mr. C. W. Knowles,
with Mrs. Dixon, Mr. G. Rundle, Prince of Wales, and
George Glenny ; 3d, Mr. J. Tyte, gr. to Mrs. Reed,
Heathercroft, Putney. Mr. Beniley appeared to be the
only exhibitor of two plants, having Dr. Macary and
Elaine, both Japanese. The best specimen standard
large flowering was Mrs. Dixon, but the name of the
exhibitor did not transpire ; Mr. Bentley was 2d, with
George Glenny ; Mr. J, Tyle being 3d. The latter had
the best four pompons, staging well grown and flowered
plants of Minnie Warren, Mdlle. Marlhe, Golden
Mdlle. Marthe, and Liliputienne ; 2d, Mr. Bentley, with
President, St. Michael, Mdile. Marthe, and Dick Turpin ;
3d, J. Burt, Esq. Mr. Tyte had the best pan of pom-
pons, staging admirable plants of St. Michael and Sala-
mon ; Mr. Bentley was 2d, with Mdlle. Marthe and
President ; Mr. J. Smollett being 3d. The best speci-
men pompon was St. Michael, Irom Mr. Tyte, a plant
fully 5 feet through, and grandly grown and flowered ;
Mr. Smollett, gr. to Mrs, Roberts, Putney Park Lodge-
being 2d, with a huge plant of Perle pompon ; and Mr.
C. Bentley, gr. to ]. C. Baring, Esq., M.P., Wimble-
don, 3d, with President. Mr. Tyte had the best stand-
ard pompon, staging St. Michael.

Cut Flowers. — These were both numerous and
good. In the class for twenty-four incurved flowers Mr.
M. Sullivan was ist, with admirable blooms of Empress
of India, Lord Wolseley, Jeanne d'Arc, While Globe,

634

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[November 15* 1884.

Queen of England, Mrs. Shipman, Empress Eugenie,
Lady Hardinge, Orange Perfection, Lady Slade. Mabel
Ward, Mr. Corbay, Golden Queen of England,
Mr. Bunn, Jofin S>iUer. Beauty, Princess Beatrice,
George Glenny, Golden Empress, and others ; 2d,
Mr. A. Holmes, gr. to A. B. Hill, Esq. Clap-
ham Park, with a collection only just inferior ;
3d, Mr. |. Bentley. Mr. W. Smith, gr. to J. F.
Schwann, Esq., Oakfield, Wimbledon Park, had the
best twelve blooms, staging fine examples of Prince of
Wales, Princess of Wales, Lord Wolseley, Mr. Bunn,
Nil Desperandum, Prince Alfred. John Salter, Jardin
des Piantes, Refulgens, Mrs. Halliburton, Venus, and
Mrs. G. Rundle ; 2d. Mr. C. Bentley. with Prince
Alfred, Empress Eug(^nie, Prince of Wales, Queen of
England, Mr. Brunlees, and others as good ; 3d. Mr.
J. C. Grant, gr. to J. Brunlees, Esq., Argyle Lodge,
"Wimbledon. The best six blooms of incurved varieties
came from Mr. J. Bennett, gr. to F. Rodewald, Esq.,
Field House, Wimbledon, who had Empress Eugenie,
Mabel Ward, Princess of Wales, Mr. Brunlees, Hero of
Stoke Newington, and Lord Alcester ; 2d, Mr. J.
Bentley, with Golden Empress, Queen of England,
White Venus, and Princess of Wales ; 3d, Mr. J. C.
Grant.

The large Anemone-flowered varieties were well shown,
some of them very finely developed. Mr. M. Sullivan
had the best six, staging Fabias de Maderanaz, Mons.
Chate, Louis Bonamy, Gluck, very fine ; Marguerite
d'Anjou, and Empress. 2d, Mr, C. Bentley, wilh
Georges Sand, Lady Margaret, Fleur de Marie, King of
Anemones, Louis Bonamy, and Gluck. 3d Mr. |.
Bennett. One very interesting class was for four
Japanese, four incurved and four Anemone-flowered,
and here Mr. G. House, gr, to B. Gray, Esq., Westcombe
Lodge, Wimbledon, was ist, wilh fine blooms of Elaine.
Mons. Delaux, Comte de Germiny, and Madame C.
Andiguier, Japanese ; Queen of England, Prince Alfred,
Empress Eugenie, and Golden Empress, incurved :
King of Anemones, Lady Margaret, Fleur de Marie, and
Prince of Anemones ; 2d. Mr. J. Bennett; 3d, Mr. Sul-
livan. Japanes Chrysanthemums were shown in very
fine condition, and they appeared to have a great attrac-
tion for visitors. Mr. Smith, gr. to J. F, Schwann, was
ist, with splendid blooms of Baronnede Prailly, Mons De-
laux. Mons. Ardenne, Triomphedela Rue des Chatelets,
Madame Lacioix, Curiosity. Comte de Germiny, Mrs,
Mahood, Thunberg, Vai d'Andorre, Cry Kang. and F.
A. Davis— the last in very fine condition ; 2d, Mr. M.
Sullivan, with Madame C. Andiguier, Triomphe de la
Rue des Chdtelets, Baronne de Prailly, Franfois Delaux,
Hiver Fleur, Triomphe du Nord, Perle des Blanches,
Mons. Desbreux, Cry Kang, Meg Merrilies, and Mar-
guerite Marrouch ; 3d, Mr. House. The latter had the
best six varieties, staging fine blooms of Comte de
Germiny, Cry Kang. Elame, Curiosity, Thunberg. and
Fanny Boucharlet ; 2d, Mr. M. Sullivan, with Triomphe
de la Rue des Chatelets, Baronne de Prailly, Peter the
Great, Mons. Desbreux. Francois Delaux, and Meg
Merrilies ; 3d, Mr. |. Bentley.

Pompons were also shown in remarkably good form.
Mr. Moore, Richmond Nursery, Putney, was ist, with
twelve bunches, nine blooms in a bunch — very good
indeed, but unnamed ; 2d, Mr. J. Bennett, whose best
varieties were Mr. Astie, Liliputienne, Mdlle. Marthe,
Calliope, Brilliant, Antonius, Model of Perfection,
Rosinante, and Cedo Nulli.

There were two classes for single-handed gardeners ;
one for twelve incurved blooms, and one for twelve
Japanese. In the first of these Mr. J. Carter, gr. to H.
J. Parry, Esq., was ist ; and Mr. W. Furze, Roselands,
Teddington. 2d ; 3d, Mr. J. Skeggs. gr. to J. Potter,
Esq., West Hill, Putney. In that for twelve Japanese
Mr. Furze was ist, Mr. Carter 2d. and Mr. A. Jackson.
Heathfield, Wandsworth, 3d. In these, and also in a
few classes for amateurs, the blooms fell short of the
quality of those in the open classes.

Miscellaneous Plants. — There were a few classes
for these, and as they were placed between the richly
coloured groups of Chrysanthemums they materially
helped to vary the effect. Mr. C. Bentley had the best
four Ferns, staging good specimens of Gymnogramma
ochracea, Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum formosum, and
Neottopteris nidus ; 2d, Mr. C. Woodham, gr. to R.
Davis. Esq., Earlsheld, Wandsworth Common, who
had Lomaria gibba. Gymnogramma ochracea, Adiantum
formosum, and A. cuneatum. Mr. C. W. Knowles had
the best four stove and greenhouse plants — Acalypha
Macafieana, Dieffenbachia Bausei, Cissus discolor, and
Maranta zebrina ; 2d, Mr. M, Sullivan, who had Croton
Weismanni, C. Disraeli, Anthurium crystallinum, and
A. species ; 3d, Mr. C. Woodham. Mr. C. Bentley had
the most valuable as well as the best arranged group of
mixed plants, consisting of Dracasnas, Palms. Ferns,
Crotons, Eucharis amazonica. Calanthes, Primulas,
Bouvardias, i&c. Messrs. Mahood & Sons also had a
good group.

Fruit. — The best three bunches of Black Grapes were
Alicante, from Mr, R. Holmes, gr. to T, Wallis. Esq.,
Clapham Common ; H. Richardson, Esq.. Springfield
Lodge, Putney, was 2d, with Black Hamburgh ; Mr. C.
W. Knowles being 3d wilh the same. Mr. Knowles had
the best three bunches of white Grapes, staging Foster's
Seedling ; Mr. Bentley being 2d, with Muscat of Alex-
andria. The only exhibitor of Apples and Pears was
Mr. J. Whitbread. who was ist in each class for three
dishes of dessert Apples, three of Pears, and three of
kitchen Apples, all good, but unnamed.

Vegetables. — Mr. Coombes, gr. to Sir H, Meux,
Bart., Sheen, had the best collection of vegetables — a
very good lot indeed ; Messrs. Tugwell & Son, Mort-
ake, being 2d, also with good examples.

Zonal Pelargoniums, Primulas, table plants, and
bouquets, were also shown, but nothing of a character
to require special mention.

THE MANGO : ITS PROPAGA-
TION AND IMPROVEMENT.

Europeans have never thought of keeping and
sowing the infinity of Mango-stones of the best kinds,
but have invariably thrown them away as worthless.
One might ask how did all these fine kinds of Mango
come into existence ? There is, in my opinion, no
other way of explaining the phenomenon than by
referring them all back through many ages to the
wild kind, the Mangifera indica of botanists. Natives
of course account for them much more simply, viz.,
by God's will.

The jungle Mange, bad as it is, is eaten by natives.
They throw the seeds about, and in the rains a large
number of them germinate. The native has a very
tender feeling for any plant that bears fruit, however
bad. In weeding he never attempts to uproot a
Mango seedling, or any other fruit seedling, even if
he found it in the midst of your choicest flower-beds.
This feeling, and the ease with which the Mango-
seed germinates in the rains ; the turpentiny taste of
the leaves ; there being in the rains a lot of sweet
herbage for the cattle to feed on, so that they would
neglect the Mango seedlings ; all give this tree a
great advantage in its struggle for existence ; so that
man has been unconsciously sowing Mango seeds
since the beginning of time, and thus new varieties in
course of generations were created. As new and
better varieties came to his notice he of course pre-
ferred them to the jungle kind, and went on for ages
unconsciously selecting and sowing new kinds, until
he learnt, by means of grafting, to propagate the very
kind that most took his fancy, and so he multiplied
the good kinds. When he wanted timber for his
dwellings he naturally cut down the trees that he
liked least — that is, those which produced inferior
fruit ; and so continued selecting, propagating, and
reproducing by seed, until our present day, when we
find hundreds of charming varieties of one of the
finest fruits in the world. The native name of the
Mango is Am, which means provisions. This name
shows that from time immemorial the fruit of the
Mango has been used by natives as food. Even now,
when Mangos are plentiful and cheap, natives almost
live on them. For a native to eat fifty at a sitting is
no uncommon thing.

Some time before I left Lucknow I had commenced
sowing seeds of good kinds of Mangoes with the view
of raising new varieties; and Mr. Ridley, in his
Report for 1879—80, stated that of four seedlings
which I had planted, and had been fruiting, one,
which I had called Runtra, turned out good and well-
flavoured, the other three were not worth keeping.
Well, one in four is twenty-live per cent., and that is
a very fair percentage for seedling fruit trees to turn
out worth keeping. Some horticulturists would pro-
bably be satisfied with one in a thousand if that one
turned out a treasure.

No real progress, however, can be expected in the
creation of new and improved kinds without system-
atically planting seedlings of good kinds by thousands
in orchards, or what natives call ba^^ks. Then there
would be a chanceof a number of new and possiblystart-
ling varieties turning up. Attempting to produce new
varieties by sowing seed on a small scale is likely to
prove disappointing. The Mango seedling lakes
about seven or eight years to flower, so that, say
within ten years, the result would be known. The
Mango tree, although it may not produce first-class
Iruit, is by no means valueless ; the fruit, even of the
commonest kinds, is saleable, and often, though
stringy, is very palatable. When of a certain age the
tree can be sold for timber, which is universally used
by natives for all purposes.

A correspondent of the Bombay Gazette states that
Mango trees over iS feet In circumference are not un-
common. Considering that the numerous splendid
varieties we have could have originated from no other
than the wild Mango there is no good reason for sup-
posing that, starting from the seeds of the present
good kinds, provided they are planted in sufficient
numbers, still better varieties would be created. It

should not, however, be hastily concluded that grand
results can be obtained in a few years. It should be
remembered that the present kinds, for all we know,
may have taken hundreds, nay, thousands of genera-
tions, to bring to their present state of perfection,
although probably it was all done by a natural and
unconscious selection through the fondness of the
natives for this tree, and probably also through its
inherent fitness for the struggle of life. If planting
good seed, and selection of the best for propagation,
be done systematically and scientifically, there is no
reason to believe that even one generation might not
witness a vast number of additional superb varieties.

Judging from the multiplicity of aromas of which
this fruit is capable, it may probably have a great
future before it. The great want is late and early
kinds. The Mango generally comes with a rush, and
lasts for only a couple of months. Of very early
kinds I think there are few; of late kinds I know
only one called Bhadanya, which ripens its fruit
towards the end of September.

Young Mango trees are liable to be killed or badly
injured by frost. On the morning of January S, 1874,
when the temperature on the grass in Lucknow was
5° Fahr. below freezing-point, and when fifty Mango
trees of the youngebt were killed outright, and 325
more or less injured, this very Bhadanya stood the
frost very much better than all the other kinds; so
that it is evident there is much room for new kinds,
especially hardy, late, and early varieties. In my
experiments I found that grafts taken from old trees
thrived badly, and many of them died, while of those
taken from young trees very few died. For two oc
three years after the graft is separated from its parent
it requires especial nursing.

I know of only two animals which are injurious to
the Mango tree ; one is the larva probably of some
kind of beetle, which natives call Macrora. It bur-
rows between the bark and the wood, and if not dug
out will eventually kill the tree. The other is an
underground rat. In its mining operations if it
should come across the main root of a young Mango
tree it does not hesitate to gnaw its way through it,
and thus kill the tree.

I have lately made an attempt to set on foot an
Imperial Mango Society for the whole of India. The
objects of this Society would have been to obtain
coloured drawings of all the cultivated varieties in
the Indian empire, with the characteristic foliage of
each, and with a letterpress description giving the
average weight of each variety, its texture, flavour,
&c., as also the average weight and size of the stone,
and all information connected with the constitution ol
the particular variety, &c. Another object of this
society would have been to form a Mango orchard on
an extensive scale, in a favourable situation, for the
purpose of collecting therein all the known cultivated
varieties, propagating, studying, and classifying them ;
discovering and studying the diseases to which the
tree is subject, and the insects that are injurious to it ;
for experimenting on it in various ways ; for im-
proving the fruit, and raising new kinds from seed ;
in short, for the purpose of making a complete,
scientific, and exhaustive study of this interesting tree,
and for discovering the most advantageous mode of
cultivating it.

If this fruit has reached its present stage of per-
fection as if it were by natural selection only acting
through the palate of man, one may fancy what fine
things would be produced if the subject were taken
up scientifically, wilh the direct object of improving
and increasing the fine qualities of this fruit by bring-
ing to bear on it, not only the selective power of
man's palate, but all the scientific information that
might be collected through observation and experi-
ment, in addition to the knowledge that horticulturists
already possess of man's power of creating new
varieties by hybridisation.

Such a scheme would have been sufficiently am-
bitious, and such a monograph as I have here pro-
jected would have been a worthy contribution to the
science and art of fruit culture. Unfortunately,
however, it appears to be premature. The Mango is
the only thing, it would appear, that natives lake an
interest in ; nevertheless they do so, even the educated
ones, only in so far as it is '* something to eat." The
scientific and the aesthetic stage of civilisation do
not appear, as yet, to have dawned upon them ;
and without the co-operation of a large number of
natives, both wilh their purse and their intelligent
observation, such a scheme could not be carried out.
E, Bonavia^ M.D.^ Etawah.

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

635

%\t Mcalljcr.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACh'HEATH, LONDON,

For the Week Ending

Wednesday,

No\-FM3ER

.J, .884

Hygrome-

trical De-

Barometer

Temperature op
THE Air.

ductions

from
GKiishcr's

Wind.

Tables tith

Q

Ediiiun

Q

i

Z

<

1

s

X

0

s

1

i

i

^

1:1
Nov. In. In. • o . ■

6 1*9.83 +0.04 ss o 49.0 6.051.3

7 I 29 73 —00860.0:44016.051.3

I \
3016 +0.3653.5380:15.5:460

30.15+035,34.1

I
30.3s +0.5S 5S.5

3007 +0.271)9 s

3ai2 +033 (8 c

Mean' 3ao6 +oat i3

H-Sj 9.7
47 o
I'O
13 o

13-9

98

48.3

+ 6J50 ■ 9s|

+ 6.649.3I 93

+ 1.740.0 Si

+ 6.1:14.4 8!

+ 6.
+ I.J

+

+ 43 M?

9'

I E.:

vv.sw.

\v. sw.

S.S.E.

E. N.E
EN.E;
E.S E.
E.S E. :
E. N. E.

E. N.E.

In.
033
o 08
a. 00
0.03
4 00

J.44

. 6. — Rain all morniQg, very dull day, fine dear night.
7. — Fine bright morning, ram in afternoon, fine clear

night.
8. — Very fine day and night.
g. — Dull day and night.
10, — Fine, dull day and night,

II. — Fine day, clear sky mostly ; fine night, overcast.
13, — Fine day and night, overcast.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November 8, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 30 02 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29. S6 inches by 3 p.m.
on the 2d, increased to 33. 'I inches by 3 P.M.
on the 3d, decreased to 29 S3 inches by midnight
on ihe 4ih, increased to 30.06 mches by 9 a.m. on
the 6ih, decreased to 29 7S inches by 3 p.m. on
the 7th, increased to 30 3S inches by 9 a.m. on
the Sih, and was 30.33 inches by the end of the
week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 3002 inches, being 0.04 inch higher than last
week, and 0.05 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 60", on the 2d and 7lh, the
highest on the 3d was 49°. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 56*.

The lowest temperature was 36', on the 4th; on
the 5ih the lowest temperature was 50". The mean
of the seven low tiight temperatures was 42°. 6.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
19°, on the 4ih ; the smallest range was 6"^ on
the 6th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was

The mean temperatures were — on November 2,
51". 6 ; on the 3d, 42". 3 ; on the 4th, 4S°.2 ; on the
5ih, 54"'. 4 ; on the 6ih, 5i°.3 ; on the 7ih, 51^.3;
on ihe 8th, 46^ ; and these were all above their aver-
ages by 5°.6, 5°.5, 2''.6, 9", 6°.2, &'.6^ and i'.7
respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 49^.3,
being o*.8 higher than last week, and 5''.3 above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 104", on the 7th. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 92°. 5.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 26". 5, on the 4th.
The mean of the seven readings was 34".7'

Rain. — Rain fell on three days, to the amount of
0.67 inch, of which 0.26 inch fell on the 2d, 0.33
inch on the 6lh, and o.oS inch on the 7th.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
November 8, the highest temperatures were 61°. 5 at
Brighton, 6o°.7 at Cambridge, 60° at Blackheaih ;
the highest at Bolton was 55^S, at Liverpool 56''.3,
and at Wolverhampton 57°. S. The general mean
was 58^.4.

The lowest temperatures were 29°. 3 at Wolver-
hampton, 29'',8 at Cambridge, and 32° at Truro ; the
lowest at Liverpool and Preston was 38°. 5, at Brad-
ford 37°. 6. The general mean was 34°. 5.

The greatest ranges were 30°. 9 at Cambridge,
aS'' 5 at Wolverhampton, 26° at Truro ; the smallest
ranges were I7°.8 at Liverpool, 19". 5 at Preston,
and 21°. 2 at Bradford. Ttie general mean was

23 9-

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, S6°.S, at Hull 56^7, at Cam-
bridge 56°. 2 ; and was lowest at Preston, 52°- 3. at
Bolton 52° 6, and at Liverpool 52^9 The general
mean was 55".

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 45°, at Plymouth 44''4. at Preston
43°- 5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 37". 6, at
Bolton 3S^S, and at Hull 40^3. The general mean
was 41", 8.

The mean daily range was greatest at Wolver-
hampton and Hull, l6°.4, at Cambridge 14°. 4 \ and
was least at Preston, S^.S, at Brighton 11''. i, at
Liverpool 11". 2. The general mean was 13°. 2.

The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth,
50", at Brighton 49° 9. at BInckhealh 49°. 3 ; and
was lowest at Bolton 45". i, at Wolverhampton 45°-2,
and at Liverpool 46'. 7. The general mean was 47°. 8.

Rain. — The largest falls were 1.33 inch at Bristol,
0.94 inch at Truto, and o 92 inch at Wolveihamp-
ton ; the smallest falls were 0.22 inch at Brighton,
0.35 inch at Hull, and 0.43 inch at Cambridge. The
general mean fall was 0.6S inch. Rain fell every day
in the week at Truro.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November S, the highest temperature was 5S*.6,
at Aberdeen ; at Dundee the highest was 55°.
The general mean was 56°. 4.

The lowest temperature in the week was 35^ at
Perth ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was 39°. 3.
The general mean was 37". 5.

The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
47°, and lowest at Dundee, 44". 7. The general
mean was 46°.

Rain. — The largest fall was 2 77 inch, at Glasgow,
and the smallest fall was 0.95 inch, at Leilh. The
general mean fall was 1.62 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

©ijitttars*

We regret to announce the death of Mr. Oct AVIAN
Blewitt, K.L., F.R.G.S., many years secretary of
the Royal Literary Fund. He was born in 1S03, in
St. Helen's-place, Bishopsgate, where his father was
settled as a merchant. Mr. Blewitt spent much of his
early life in the medical profession, and was for some
time engaged as tutor in classics to the son of Sir
James Clark, the eminent physician. He subse-
quently travelled much in Italy, Egypt, Greece,
Turkey, and other countries, and on his return to
England was, in 1S39, elected to the post of secretary
to the Royal Literary Fund. In this capacity Mr.
Blewitt spent many years in arranging the papers,
literary, financial, and historical, which constituted
the records of the association. In 1872, on the occa-
sion of the King of the Belgians presiding over the
anniversary of the Literary Fund, His Majesty testi-
fied his appreciation of the services of Mr. Blewitt by
conferring upon him the Knighthood of the Order of
Leopold. Mr. Blewitt was for many years editor of
the newspaper portion of the Gardeners^ ChromcU,
and he was also the author of several well-known
works, including. The Panorama of Torquay, pub-
lished in 182S, and afterwards reprinted in an enlarged
edition as A Descriptive and Historical Sketch of the
District comprised between the Dart and Teign,
also the Handbook for Central Italy and Rome, and
the Plandbook for Southern Italy and Naples, being
two of the series of Murray's guide-books.

" He iJiai qiiestioneik Jtiuch shall leai-n much." — Bacon.

Hibiscus Hageloni. — What is the history of this
plant ? It is a lovely plant, but difficult to propagate by
cuttings, and some seeds would not germinate, though
apparently good. R. T. C.

Answers to Correspondents.

Calanthe Diseased : B. B, Next week.

Carnation : G. B. Charlton. The colour is uncommon,
but the flower is poor.

Grapes Diseased: Hihernia. The sample was badly
shanked, which may be the consequence of unhealthy
roots, from wet ill-drained borders, or from some pre-
vious over-cropping. The absence of healihy bloom
on both, and the reddish tinge when they should be
black, point to over-cropping, and possibly deficient
ventilation. — J. R. There must be something wrong
with the roots of your Vines. Or have no.xious fumes
gained access to them ? You must examine the roots,
as it is possible Phylloxera is present. Vines are hardy
subjects, and do not readily succumb as yours appear
to have done.

Grape Leaves Spotted : W. J. G. It is an obscure
fungus-growth of no account, quite accidental as to its
appearance, and will probably not be seen another
year. The germs of these things are constantly float-
ing about, and when they meet with favouring condi-
tions they mature themselves.

Greenhouses : Scotland. We do not know if Scottish
law is different from English on this matter, but here
no one may take away a wooden structure resting on a
brick foundation to which it is f.istened by metal ties,
screws, bolts, Sec, without incurring a penalty. Of
coarse that may be set aside by covenant to the con-
trary.

HinisciTS: R. T. C. Must have been mislaid.

Insecis : Scolopendrium. Your plants are attacked
below the crowns by the larvce of the brown weevil
(Oliorhynchus rugosus). The plants should be t;iken
carefully out of the ground, and the earth luiely sifted
and burnt before replanting the specimens. W.

Lapagickia alba : J. Rose. A very fine spike indeed.

Names of Fruit: J, Day. \, Blenheim Orange
Pippin ; 3, like Duchess of Oldenburg ; 4, Blenheim
Orange ; 6, Reinette du Canada ; 2 and 5, not recog-
nised. Pear not known. — Thomas W. Simpson. Not
known ; similar in appearance to Golden Pearnnin,
but much sweeter than that variety. — C. A. A/. C.
Wc know of no other name of the Apple sent named
Tamworth.— A/. J. P. Pears: i, Marie Louise ; 2,
GIou Mor^eau. Apples : 3, Syke House Russet ; 4,
Pearson's Plate ; 5, Flat Nonpareil ; 6, King of the
Pippins.

Names of Plants: W, T. Crouch, i, Vaccinium
sp. ? 2, Pyrus arbutifolia ; 3, Myrica cerifera; 4,
perhaps a Vaccinium — impossible to name from leaves
only ; 5. Leucothoe axillaris? 6. Spircea prunifolia. —
Lymin^ton. Quercus rubra, the American Champion
Oak ; they are no larger than usual. — G. Coleman.
Arundo donax.

Orchids: Peter Walker. Cattleya labiata var, ; Cym-
bidium Mastersii, poor var.

Peach for Forcing : J. Wallis. The sort you name
will do for early work. The early ripening Peaches
are precisely the ones to start early, usmg, it you like,
some late kind in the same house for a succession.

Royal Arms : Ignoramus. No ; not without a special
licence, which is signed by the Comptroller of the
Household.

Twin Chrysanthemum : G. Edwardes. Pretty ; would
be still more so if a plant were covered with such
blooms. These malformations are very common.

Universal Savoy: R. G. We shall be enabled to
say more about this well reputed vegetable after
testing it.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Mr. Laxton, Rose and Seed Grower, Bedford— New

Seedling Roses ; also Select Novelties in Roses,

Fruits, Plants and Vegetables.
Archibald Smith & Stevens, 48, Leicester Square,

London — HydrauUc Door Springs.
John Laing & Co., Forest Hill-General Wholesale

List of Seeds, Roots, Trees, Plants, &c.
Fred. Burvenich, Sen., Ghentbrugge, Belgium —

List of Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Trees and Hardy

Plants.
J. C. Schmidt, Erfurt, Prussia — List of Novelties for

1885.
W. Smith & Son. Kintore— Forest Trees, &c.
Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester — Forest

and Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. '

Mr. Cornwell, Barnet — Roses.
T, Kennedy & Co., Dumfries — Forest, Fruit, and

Ornamental Trees.
James T. Anderson, 149, Commercial Street, Shore-
ditch, London — Sacks, Bags, Russia Mats.

Communications Received; — T. MIIIf.— H. Crux. — W.
L. Buster.— W. Di«rs -W. K.— W. M.-L. C- T. H.
Cras p.— Captain J. B. Tibbits.— M. A, Brad-tock.— Dt. G.
Hogean {n«xt week). — R.— J. T. R. — H. Ward.— VV.
Pamplin.— W. Preston.— R. D. — F. C— T. P. B.-C. S. D.
J. Mclndoe.— J. F. W.-J. R. J.-E. J. L.— A. O. -W.
Richardson,~M. M.— W. Barron.

arhtts.

COVENT GARDEN, November 13.

Large supplies of all classes of goods to hand, with a

limited demand, heavy consignments of Nova Scotia and

Canadian reaching us in good condition. Kent Cobs

heavy at a fall, James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Apples, J^-sieve
Cobs, per 100 lb.
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case.
Melons, each

s.d. s.d.

16-40

, 60 0-f2 6

, 06-30

21 O- . .
. . 16-30

J. d. s. d.
Pine-apples, Eng.,Ib. 30-36
Peaches, per doz. .. 8 0-12 o
Pears, French, doz. 16-36
Pines, St. Michael's,
each .. ..30-60

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. . . ..40-60

Beans, French, lb. o 6- .

Beet, per doz. .,10-.

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Carrots, per bun. ..06-.

CauliHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 10-26

Celeriac, per root ..04-

Ceiery per bundle.. 16-26

Cucumbers, each ..06-10

Endive, English, per
dozen . , ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. ..06-..

Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04

Horse Radish, bun. 30-40

Pot ATOS.— Magnum Bonums, 4W. toyojr.; Regents, 70J. to 90J. ;
Champions, 45s. to tos. per ton. Trade very qui«.

d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..16-.,

— Cos, each .. 02- ..
Mint, green, bunch., o 4- .,
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bushel . 40-..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per do7, .. 16-..
Salsify, per bund. .. 10- ..
Seakale, per puonet 16-20
Small saladiiig, per

punnet .. ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. .. o 6- i o
Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

636

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s. d. s. d. t. d.

0-40 Mai^uerites, i3 bun. 30-60
0-60 Miffnonette, ii bun. 10-40
0-16 Pelargoniums, per 12
9- 1 o sprays .. ..09-16

0-60 — scarlet, 12 sprays 04-06
0-20 Primula, double, bun. 10-16
0-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
6-20 — fouidoor), 12 bun. 6 o-iz o
3-06 Stephanoti«, 12 spr. 40-80
u- 4 o Tropseolum. 12 bun. 10*20
0-60 Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-16
0-60 Violets, 12 bun. .. 10-16
— French, bunch.. 10-16
0-20 — Parme, French,
6-10 per bunch . . . . 3 o- 4 o
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60
0-30 White Jasmine, per

buEch .. ..06-10

Abutllon. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 2
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrj'santh., 12 bun. s
— large, 12 blooms o
Cyclamen, 12 blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bunches 2
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladiolus, various,

12 spikes .. ..X
Heliotropes, 12 sp, .. o
Lapageria, white, la

blooms . . . . 2

— red, 12

blooms . . I

Plants im Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitx (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. g 0-18 o
Chrysanth., dozen .. 40-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsena terminalis.

per doien!.. ..30 0-60 o
— ^ vindis, per doz..i2 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

s. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per

dozen .. ..4 0-18 o

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. .,2 o-iQ o

Fuchsias, per doz. .. 3^-60

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. .. 8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. ., 6 o-ia o

Palms in variety,
each .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen ,.40-60

Solaaums, dozen .. g 0-12 o

SEEDS.

London : /^ov. 12,— Inactivity continues to charac-
terise the trade for field seeds. Of new English Cow-
grass the supply exceeds the demand, and quotations
are consequently easier. Foreign samples of Clover
seeds meet at present with no attention. There is nothing
doing in either Alsike, white, or Trefoil. Koenigsberg
Tares are offered at a slight reduction, but without find-
ing buyers. The stoclis of winter Vetches seem now
quite used up. Lower rates are accepted for both
Canary and Hemp seed. Blue Peas move off slowly on
last week's terms. Feeding Linseed is cheaper, foin
Skaw &■ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lam,
London, E.C,

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday trade was dull in nearly
every department, but more especially so in the Wheat
and flour trades. Wheat is 6,i. to is. lower on the
week (or English, whilst sales of foreign have been
hardly practicjb'e at the decline. Flour was quite 6A
per sack lower. Medium grades of malting Barley were
very dull of sale at the recent decUne ; grinding sorts in
favour of buyers. Maize was firm, although the demand
was only limited. The market for Oats was steady, and
Peas showed no quotable change. — On Wednesday there
was only a very limited demand for either Wheat or
flour, and no tendency to improvement in prices. In
Barley sales were not readily effected. Beans and Peas
were quiet and unchanged. Rates for Oats were rather
easier, common qualities ranging down to 15J. There
was not much passing in Maize, but the market was
firm. — Average prices of Corn for the week ending
Nov. 8 :— Wheat, 32^. ; Barley, 31J. loif. ; Oats, jgj. ^d.
For the corresponding period last year: — Wheat,
40J. id. ; Barley, 341. ■id. ; Oats, 191. e,d.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Felds on Monday trade was not very
ast in any of the markets, but prices ruled fairly steady
all round. Quotations: — Beasts, 41. to 51. 2rf., and
S.r. 6d. to $s. tod. ; calves, y. 4d. to 55. 8<f. ; sheep,
41. 8d. to $s. 41/., and ss. Sd. to 6s. 6d. ; pigs, 3^. Sd. to
4'- 4d. — Although quiet, Thursday's trade was firm for
both beasts and sheep, and prices were well maintained.
Calves and pigs sold at late prices.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that for good samples there is a steady demand, but
inferior sorts are neglected. Quotations : — Kent
Regents, 70s. to 80J. ; ditto kidneys, 60s. to 70s. ; Essex
Shaws, soj. to 60s. ; Victorias, 701. to 80s. ; Magnum
Bonums, 50J. to 70s. ; Champions, 50J. to 65.1. — The im-
ports into London last week consisted of 224 bags
10 sacks from Hamburg, 73 bags Ostend, and 3 bags
14 sacks from Rotterdam.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week :— East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, 141. gd. ; Walls End— Tyne (unscreened), 11s.
3d. ; Hetton, i8r. ; Helton Lyons, 16s. ; Lambton.
171. 6d. ; Wear, i6s. ; Hartlepool, 17^. ; Hulam, 16s.
3d. ; East Hartlepool, 171. 3d.; South Hartlepool,
i6s. 3d. ; Tees, 181. 2d.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at looj to looj for delivery, and looj to looj for the
account. Tuesday's final prices were, loo^„- to loo^ifor
delivery, and ioOtV to 100^, for the account. The
closing figures on Wednesday and Thursday were, looj
to looJ for delivery, and ioq| to looJ for the account.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quiliiy for Orchids,
Store Plants, &c.,i;6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15s.
per ton per Truck. Sample Ba^, 51. : 5 Bags, 22J. tid. ; 10 Bags,
45J. Bass included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. 6d. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine. 521. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

UREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-

secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded I>iploma,
Forestry Exhibition. Edinbureb. --Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER. FuNVLF.R and CO , Finsbuty Street. London E.C.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen. ^^_^^

Circulars, with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO,

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is., 23. 6d., and lOs. 6d. each; also In
Sealed Bags, 1 owt., 13s,

manufactured by

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone M ills, Sheffield.

Wholesale Agents In London : Corry, Soper, Fowler

& Co., Limited. i8, Finsbury Screet, E.C, and Shad Thames.
London, S.£. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable
Seedsmen and Florists in the Kinedom.
Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, /or Vine Borders.

EEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND and

BLIGHT DESTROYER.— Best winter dressing for
Peach Trees, &c. No painting nor washing required. Syringe
as directed with Keel's Insecticide. Wonderful results— destroys
all Blight — imparls nu flavour to Fruit— clean, healthy, and very
cheap. Send orders early to W. G. KEEL, Newtdn-St.-Loe,
near Bristol (late Keel & Hawes, Bath) ; or to Nurserymen.
Empties to Bath Station.

ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

Gardeners since 1859 against Ked Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Gieen Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the c^e against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, i,r., 31., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet gtound. Boxes, td. and js. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Good and Cheap Insecticides.

TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH (Roll).—
Thoroughly reliable quality : low prices. Trade supplied.
RICHARDSON and CO., Tobacco Works, Leith, N.B.

SILVER SAND, coarse, 6s., %s. and los. per
ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6j., 8J. and
ics. per cubic yard. Free on rail by truckloads. In sacks at
moderate prices.

W. SHORT, Horticultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex
—Established l86a.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,

4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, 4*. yi. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6d. each.

Price List on afifilication,

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

BOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id.,
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for covering, packing, &c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices apply to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

SPECIAL GLASS

FOR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, S:c.

V AH sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application.

T. & W. F A R M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT

MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kiuds at reduced rales. Sacks and Seed Bses, new and •second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-cf>vers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

UBULAR GAS BOILERS, for Heating

Conservatories. — Half Price will be taken for three No. 2
HARTLEY and SUGDEN'S "ALEXANDRA" MULTI-
TUBULAR GAS BOILERS, Copper Tubes, equal lo new;
each capable of Heating 100 feet of a-inch pipe.

Apply to G. N. BURDEN, Ironmonger and Hot-water
Engineer, Teignmouth.

FOR SALE, 40 yards (in two lengths of
20 yards each) of MERRYWEATHER'SREDkUBBER
GARDEN HOSE, fitted with Joints, Swivels, and Hose Ei,d
— as good as new. Cost £-i i$s. five months ago. May be had
for £2 isr., entire ; or, in separate length, for 30J. each. Apply,
as early as possible, to

Rev. Dr. ROGERS, The Grove. Durham.

Under tne Patronage of the Queen.
T SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE

O • STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

The Marvel of Power Is

WATSON'S GREAT WATER HEATER
or PATENT DOULE ACTION SUSPENSION
BOILER, to Heat from 200 to 2000 feet of 4-inch pipe at half
the co> t of an ordinary Boiler. Well suited for Healing in pny
place where an ordinary Saddle can ^bc applied. For
Prospectuses

Apply to r. WATSON, The Nursery, St. Albans, Herts.

Rosher's Garden Edging TUes.

T

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ,^
suited for KITCHEN^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or InsectSi
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "ffrown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,m Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road. Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, £.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES.

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also

for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free hy Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lmmg Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Slabla

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addre<;se)^ above.

SAND,

SILVER
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railwav Station. Samples of Sand free by posL
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities,

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addre&MS see above.

N.B.^Ordcrs promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

SUPERIOR VARNISH.

It is applied cold, and may be laid on by
any farm labourer or other unskilled person.
It dries quickly, giving a hard, brilliant
polish, and looks equallyas well as oil paint,
yet at one-fourth the cost.

PRICES : -BLACK, u. 6d. per gallon ;
in casks, containing not less than 9 gallons,
delivered free at most railway stations.
Casks extra, but two-thirds allowed if re-
. turned carriage p:iid to our works in good
coodition. BRUSHES for coating Iron-
work, Wood, or Stone, is. each.

CATALOGUES of all liruii of Iron and Wirt Fencing,
Gates, «V<r, , /ree on application.

BATLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON; and 3,Crooked
Lane, King William St., E.C—P/easf name titis paflr.

November 15, 18S4.]

7HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

637

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BDNHILL ROW, LONDON, E C.

W. H. LASCELLES *nd CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WllKK. Iree ol
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, BuuhiU
Row, and 35, Poultry, C heapside, E.G.

Illustrated Li-ts of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without txcepiion the most useful kind of
Frame for Flant Growing, and every one wiih a parden jliould
possess one. The sashes turn riRht over one on the other, and
Ihe boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any si^iioo
ID England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 leet long. 4 tcet wide, packing cases free ;C2 »5 o
12 (cet long, 4 (eet wide, „ „ „ 4 15 o

6 feet long, 5 feet wide. ,, „ ., 3 '5 o

12 feet long, 5 lect wide, ,. ., „ 6 10 o

'Ihe glass is nailed and t.uiticd m.

R. HALLIUAY & CO.,

Hothouse Rudders and En£;incers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.

AINE^ PATENT VENTILATING.

GEAR for Greerhouses. — 120 Veritilalors can be openeil
and closed in one minute. No cords required : can be worked
by a boy, and cnnot get out of order. Inforni^tioa and
refereoces on apnlicaiion to

G. PAINE, Machinist, Broadwater, Worthing.

B O U

L T O N &

NORWICH.

PAUL

No. 76. Melon or Cucumber Frames.

Ca^h Prices, Cabriagh Paiu. Packing Cases.
No. 2, 8 ft. long, 6 (t, wide, ^£3 7 6 31. M. \ Allowed for in
No. 3, 12 If. long, 6 ft. wide, 4 17 6 4J. od. > fullif tetuined
No. 4, 16 ft. long. 6 (t. wide, 676 4J. td. I at once.
13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back; lights 2
inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All
painted four coats of best oil coloui, the lights glazed with
21-0Z. English glass.

Catalogues and List? pcst-free.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS, &C.

JAMES BOYD & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and
HEATING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

LONDON OFFICE : 48. Pall Mall, S.W.

The Original and only Genuir.e
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and H educed in Price.

Also Makers of all olher kinds of Boilers for Heating,
nil*

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS

of every description for Heating Apparatus
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

-WATER

HARNESS

APPARATUS for WARMINQ CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIOMS
ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

FBED. SILVESTER, Castle Hiil Foundry,
Newcastle, Staffordshire.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Mantires. &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Tnames Si., London, E.C.

" Haud desinam donee perfecero."

DUNBAR

R. S.

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

CLate of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

HOT-WATER PIPES -
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES ■•

2-inch, \s. id.

2 -inch, IS. 4d.

2 -inch, 2s. od.

2-inch, 2s. od.

3-inch, IS. "jd.

3" inch, 2S. od.

3 -inch, y. od.

3-inch, T)S. od.

4-inch, 2s. od. per yard.

4-inch, 2s. 6d. each,

4-inch, 4.f. od. each.

4-inch, 4.f. od. each.

A Liberal Diseoimt for Cash to the Trade.

SIPLEX

LEAD

GLAZNG.

Section of a Rafter before and after
Glazing.

I, //i'/ 'I

NO IRON. ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B.— The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Slcilied Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Section 0/ a IVindow Sash- Bar be/ore and
ajter Glazing,

Write for Proapectug. niustratlonB,
and Testimonials.

GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N

638

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
PATENT VALVES, and all CASTINGS for
HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

'hot-water and
HOT-AIR APPARATUS
Erected Complete, or Materials supplied.
Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Price List on application.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE— I'^lk Edition— Price is.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.
Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — Nn. 635.

As illustrated above, price 41. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 6ji.

^ 234 3 3/^ inches.
■^d. 4</. id. -jd. per doz.

Terminal Holdfasts.
No. 632. f^ p^^ djj2

No. 632 A.

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

IS. <jd., 2J., and 2J. td. per loo yards.
IlhiUrated CATALOGUES on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E-C ;

285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITHES BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{^Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is (ully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
?r 'Winning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle. Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Cask.s of about 30 gallons each, at ij. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or if, Zd, per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimoniai-
Piercefield Park, June 21. 1876.— Sirs.— 1 have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was ihe best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours rc-
specifully. Wm, Cox."

CAUTION —HiiA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

^- & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kmgdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
testimonials ihey receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Jv"y cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Cites, &c., sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London. E.G.; and 106, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 ia, 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by iS in., in i6-oz,
and ai-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

A STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-i^ The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes : — 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at 2s. ; 6 li. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 2S. 2d. ; 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft . 31. 2d, Ariolv to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tiing.

Price, as enTa^ug with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4 inch hot water pipe, and patent joints complete, £4 4s.
Delivered free to any Station. Discount for cash.

This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the
front ntily being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It burns over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

" Loughboroush " Boilers to heat up to 650 ft of4-in.pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints, &c.. always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.
The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
is delivered wiih pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

NoTE.~All genuine Boilers have " The Loughborough
Boiler " cast on.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers,

^'sS.eIc"} LONDON BRIDGE.

^PHE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

J- BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid, Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy of Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best w'nh which we

are acquainted.

Long.

P

ice of Boiler

Heat of

and 'set of

4-in, Pipe

Fittings.

150 feet

;^S 10 0

300 „

6 15 0

400 .,

8 5 0

500 ,,

9 10 0

600 „

10 15 0

700 „

12 5 0

850 „

13 IS 0

ICOO ,,

15 10 0

1250 .)

17 5 0

16^0 ,,

ig 10 0

2000 ,,

23 10 0

A, 19 in.

B, 22 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in,

E, 28 in.

F, 32 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.
I, 48 in.

. -___-_ -- - ^- 54 i»-

- - -fi _ _ K, 60 in.

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c

Says a Gardener of great fxperience :—*' \x. is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping m at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite"

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Healing from 50 to ico feet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feel of funnel. This is called the *' LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer : the
funnel running up just outside the gl.TS^. It can
be applied almobt everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of us name. Price com-
plete. 50 feet size, £,\ 15 ; loofeet size, ^£5 15J.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men tn fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Healing Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST. Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds aijd 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A laige stock of similar current sizes ol 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOHGE FARMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smlthfield, London, E C.

Stack List afut Prices on application. Ouoie Chronicle.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSE NGE_'^S'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, ihe Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensaiion of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. Farquhar, E^q.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildines, Charing Lt0:S ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, £ C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

B

Belgian.
ULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,

de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Eurvh-
NicH, F. Pavnaekt, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, los. per annum.

H. T. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchaiiiiig an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on staling the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Cou-tties
A* cra/tl" Office, Birmingham." Th« Midland Counties Htrala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to he Let.

EVUE de rHORTICULTURE~BELGE

et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre', C. Ballet, T. Buchelet, F. Burvenich, F. CtCpin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O de Kerchove de
Dei.terghem. P. E. de Puydt C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. N«udin,
E. Oliver, H. Origie.s. B. Pynaeri, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H, J. van Hulle, J. van Votxem,
H. J. Veitch, A. Weitmael. and P. Wolkenstcin.

This illustrated Journal appears on the rsi of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
x\s., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxcllcs, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-rffice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students.
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo. cloih. Price 5J. td.

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Illustrations, 8vo. cloth. Price qi.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL ,ind CECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous lUustrations, 8vo,
cloth. Price ^s.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Prii:e
If. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene
Street, E.C.

November 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

639

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneeule Street. E.C. : Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxiord Stieei (comer ol Vere Mreei), W.
FIKE. — Establi.-hed 171c. Hume aud FoieiKti InsuraDces at

moOeiaie rates.
LIFE' — Establi^hed iSio. Specially low rates for young lives.
Tj^rge bonuses. Immediate settlemem of claims.

Genilemen havmg Waste or Unprofitable
Land

SHOULD AFl'LV FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

Mr. COOPER, F.B.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS.

ZADKIEL'S ALMANAC, 1SS5.— Circulation
over 1 40,000 Year of Strife. Zaokiel foretold the
Drought and Earthquake in England, the Expedition to
Egypt. &c London; COUSINS and CO., 3, York Street,
Covent Garden. W.C. Price 6rf

Now Ready, Svi, price ar. 6^/. ; post-free, ts. 9^.

OFFICIAL REPOKT of ihe NATIONAL
APPLE CONGRFSS, held at Ihc Royal Hoitigullural
Society'^ Gardetis. Chiswick, in October, 1883.

Compiled and prepared by Mr. A. F. liARRON.
London : MACMILLAN & CO., Bedford Slreei, Strand, W.C.

PARTNERSHIP, &c.— A Gentleman, with
aitiount of Capital, wishes to hear of a NUR5ERY
BUSINESS in the Country, 10 be DISPOSFD Of: or,
would JDIN a Practical Man desirous of VVOKKING UP a
simdar business— H. W. H.. Gartitncs Chroyiicte Office, 4t,
Wellington Street. Strand, W C

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would jjin him in Purchasing
suid Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— ^I'uU particulars en application to N. Q., Gardeners' ChronicU
Office, 4t, Welhntlton -tteet, S'rand. London, W C.

ARTNEK. WANTED (about ^700) in an

Old-established Nursery Bubioess, iz mnes from London.
Thorough knowledge of the trade, and energetic. — A. M,, 3,
Parson's. Hill, Woolwich, S.E.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a HEAD

GARDENER, mariied man. Cottage provided. Reply
staling age. if any family, their ages, enclose copies of testi-
monials, wnte full Datticulars of labt situations, also if last place
can be seen.— R. H., Street Brothers, 5. Serle Street, W.C.

Gardener.

WANTED, by a Gentleman for his country
seat in a healthy part of Wales, near the sea and the
mountains a good aciive WORKING HEAD GARDENER
and his wife, without incumbrance ; wife t > be agood clean Plain
Cook, and to understand takmg cue of House Furniture. &c.,
when not occupied. Unexceptional references as to character,
and a personal interview will be rcquued. — W. W., Messrs.
Street & Co., 30, Cnrnhill. E.C.

ANTED, a GARDENER. Age about 40,

manied, no ch^laren. Wife to make herself useful in
Laundry. Cottage luund. Wages £i per week. — Apply by
letter. J RIlHAKOS(»N. We.-l Lrdee. Mnrtlake. Surrey.

WANTED, a trustworthy, aciive, industrious,
WORKING GARDENER (ihorough), and to attend
Prize Poultry. Wife good Laundry-woman preferred. — Send
lull pajtjculars, reference, age, and lowest salary to commence
with, lo A. W.. Mr. Bro*n, Seedsman, Chariot Street, Hull.

ANTED, a FOREMAN for the Houses,

in the Gardens, BysiOi-k. Exmcuth. — State experience,
waees (with bothy )required. to H. i-A KN ETT. Head Gardener.

Nursery Foreman

WANTED, AT UNCE, a thorough practical,
energetic man. Must uoderstaud the Cultivation,
Porcine, and Propagation of Rtjses ; also Forcirg Flowers and
Fruit 'or Market. Every encouragement given and progressive
wages to a competent man. No objection to try a young man
who has been for some years under a good Foreman in a
L<">ndon Nursery. English, under 36.— T. O,, Gardeners'
Chronicle ( ffice. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

ANTED, as ROSE GROWER (Out-

doors), an active and experienced man, cipable of
working up large stocks. — State wages and references to WM.
CLIBRAN ANu SON, Oldfieid Nursery, Allrincham.

WANTED, an efficient ASSISTANT in the
Fruit Tree Department of a large Provmcial Nursery.
An aciive, mlelligent youi g man wiih a good knowledge of the
varieties of Fruits is required. — Apply, slating age, where
formerly employed, and wages required, to B. A B.. Gar-
dtners Chronicle Office, 4r, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

MESSRS. WIMSETT and SON are in
WANT of TWO respectable steady YOUNG MEN
for the Glass Department.— Apply personally at the Ashburn-
ham Park Niu^ery, King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.

ANTED, a good KITCHEN GARDEN

HAND. Must understand Pruning ; one used to
Market Garden Work preferred.— J. HART, Court Yard
Eltham, Kent.

w

Stdcup

ANTED, a young MAN. with some

knowledge of Ferns.— GREGORY and EVANS,

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a MAN-
AGER, for large Retail Seed Busir.eS!. Must be
thoroughly well up in every Branch of the Trarie and a good
balesm.u. Liberal salary to c impetent m in. First-class refer-
•nces r-qui^ed.— C. J . bxchangp, Stevenson Place. Birmingham.

Seeil Trade.

WANTED, a CLERK and CORRE-
SPONDENT, and to do a journey. Must be good
Worker and thoroughly experienced in the Trade, Unexcep-
tionable references as to sobriety, &c.— Apply in own hand-
writing, stating experience and where obtained, aod age,
to C. "H ., Cardtntrs' Chrmuli O&tx, ^t, Wellington Street,
Strajid, W. C.

G

WANT PLACES.

\* Gardeners and others seeking situalions
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless I key have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the sitiKUion of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

U C O T C H GARDENER S~

O —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number ot SCOTCH
GARDENERS, waiting rc-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to £,iQO per annum, aud he will be pleased to supply
full pailicuLirs toany Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

R~i c H A r1) smith and ca
beg to annonnce that they are constantly receiving
applications ftom Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 39.— H. Nunn
is seeking a re-engagement. Twenty years' thorough
pr.TCtical experience in all branches, inclu'iing Orchids. Good
references. Abstainer. — ^5, Noyna Road, Upper Toiting, S.W.

/■:j.ARDENER (Head); age 31.— The Head

V^ Gardenek, Avington Park, Winchester, cin with con-
fidence recommend his Foreman, whi has been with him ei^ht
> ears, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical,
energetic, and trustworthy Gardener. — Address as above.

:j.ARDENER (Head) ; married, no family.

-^ —Robert Love, late Head Gardener to Sir Charles
Coote, Bart., is open to engage with ary Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiiing tlie imme^^iate services of a thoroughly ex-
perienced business man. Highest recommendation for abilities
and trustwnrthiness. English. — Messrs GIBSON and REED,
14. Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin.

GARDENER (Head), in a good establish-
ment. — Age 33, married ; thoroughly conversant with the
Cultivation of Pines, Vines, Peaches. &lc , and the General
Management of a Gentleman's Garden ; twenty years' exoe-
rience in leading places, six and a half years as Head No
oi^jection to Ireland. Good relerences. — W. E., 65. Bower
Street, Maidstone.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married, one
bny (nine years old). — The Adv-^riiser will be pleased to
treat with any Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman, requiring the
services of a thoroughly practical, indu'itrious, energetic man;
a hieh-class Fruit Grower, and excellent Plantsman and Orchid
Grower, Flower and Kitchen Gardener, Dmner-table and Roim
Decorations. Eleven year< as Head ; highest of testimonials.
— A. L., The Nursery, Goldsmith Park, Groombridge, near
Tunbridge Wells.

GARDENER (He.\d Working), where two
or more are kept. — Age 54, nn family; thirty years'
experience in ail branches. Seven years' good character. Death
C3u-.e of leaving.— A. W., 64, Sherman Road. Reading, Berks.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 30,

mimed.— G. Oolds.mith, Gardener to P. C. Hardwick,
Esq., Hollanden, Tonbridge, wishes to recommend his Fore-
man, who has been with him six years, to any one tequiring a
thoroughly practical, energetic man.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

no children ; thoroughly understands Vines, Melons.
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and
Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last and previous
emDl.iver.— W. B . 45. Fleet Road, Hamp^tead. London, N W.

ARDENER (Head Working), where

several are kept — W. Lewin, Pleasure Ground Fure-
man at Tortworth Court, Falfield. R. I. O. , Gloucester, wishes
a situation as above. Has had good practical experience
of the profession in three first-c'ass establishments, from which
excellent characters can be obtained. Please state full par-
ticulars, waeee, &c.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen.

GARDENER and BAILIFF, or GAR-
DENER (Head Working). — Age 44, married, no
small family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Forcing of
all kinds of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables (Early and Late),
Management of Land and Stock. Laying-out Grounds <bc.
Eleven and a half years' good characters. — F. A. H., 8, Violet
Cottages, Gladstone Road, Maidstone. Kent.

GARDENER, where help is given. — Age 35,
married ; thoroughly practical. Fair quantity of Glass
preferred. Twenty years' experience in good Gardens Wife
good Laundress if required.— W. C. BARKWAY, Royston,
Herts.

GARDENER (Single-handed.)— Age 32,
single ; VmC', Greenhouse, and Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Two years' good reference.- H. WILLIAMS,
47, Upper Park Road, Hampstead. Loudon, N.W.

(^^ARDENER, or good SECOND.— Tho-

V^ rough knowledge of the routine of a good establish-
ment. Forcing and Growing F utts. Flowers, and Veyeiables.
An abstainer. Excellent character, wiih reference-^, — A.
DICKINSON, Wilmineton Hall Gardens. Dariford, Kent.

ARDENER (Second), or GROWER.—

Age 35 ; well up in Forcing of all kinds of Flowers and
Fruit. Understands Orchid?, Button Making and Flower
Decorating. Eleven years' experience. Four years* good
character.— Mr. B.. 15, Cranfitld Villas, Lower Norwood, S.E.

Q.ARDENER (Second).— Age 27, single ;

V.^ eleven years* experience. Two and naif years' Second in
present place. Good tharactcr. Plcise i.Ute wages.— W
KING, Foxley Hereford

ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY"-

MAN, in a good establishment.— Age 32 ; practical
experience in all branches. First-cLiss reference from present
and previous employer. Abstainer.~G. HODGSUN, Elsham
House, Grantham.

/^ARDENER (Under).— Young ; six years

Vv^ practice. Over two years in present place.— W. K.
Wood Green Park, Cheshunt, Herts.

pLANTING, &c. — Advertiser wants engage-

-^- ment near London ; thorough Landscape Gardener. Would
fill up time in nursery, or travel. Good connection. — F. S., i,
Cowley Cottages, Cowley Road, Leytonstone.

I FOREMAN, in Nursery, or SAITeSmXn^
Age -id; used to Market and Home 'I'rade. Good
references.- C. A, S., 16, Cumberland Terrace, Haven Gieea,
Ealing, W.

"POREMANj'oTsECONDT-^gesyTsin'glT;

-L thorough knnwledgc of the profession, both in and out.
Good references.— F. BIBB, Baldoch Road, Stevenage, Herts.

PROPAGATOR, or 'PROPAGATOR~and
GROWER. — Age -ji;, single; well up in Market Wo-k.
Sixteen years' experience. Good character.— BIRT, 42, The
Terrace, Squirrel's Heath, Romford, Essex.

To the Trade.

PROPAGATOR, or FOREMAN and PRO-

J- PAG.^TOR. —Age 26 ; accustomed lo producing in
quantity Heaths and New Holland Plants ; also Ko^es, Bou-
vardias. Cyclamen, Pelargoniums, Double Primulas, &c. Well
up in Bouquets, Wreaths, and Floral Decorations in General.—
T. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, WellinEton Street,
Strand. W.C.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, where

*- Plants and Cut Flowers are required in large quantities.
Well recommended by present and past employers. — W. J.,
Catteshall Coffee Tavern, Godalmiug.

TOURNEYtM"AN, in the Houses, or KIT-

^ CHEN GARDEN, in a good establishment.-Seven years'
experience in good places. Bothy preferred.— J. D., 2, Prim-
rose Cottages, Brojk Lane, Cheshunt, Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.

tJ — F. Ford, Gardener, Swallcliffe Park, Banbury, would be
glad to recommend a young man as above. Six years' -
experience.

n^O GARDENERS.— A young man seeks

-L a situation in the Houses, or to Assist in a Gentleman's
Garden. Willing to make himself useful.- M. W., 61, Victoria
Street, Windsor.

TP O^ URSERYMEN, &c.— A young man

-L desires a situation in a Nursery or Private Establish-
ment, Well qualified and experienced. Good references-
T. COOMBE, I. Bakers Lane, Ealing.

To the Seed Trade.~

ly/TANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, or TRA-

XTX VELLER ; age 35, manied.— A. Grice, who has been
fifteen years with the firm of Mr. T. B. Thomson, High Street.
Birmingham (eight as Head Shopman, the last five years
sole re-ponsible Manager), desires an engagement as above.
At liberty on LDecember i. Is thoroughly conversant with the
trade in all iis branches, and can lurnish the highest testi-
monials.— A. GRICE, Orchard Road, Erdingtin, Bnmingham.

QHOPMAN, or SHOPMAN and BOOK-

^^ KEEPER, in a provincial House. — Age 20; four years'
experience in ail branches of the trade with one of the best
Londonfirms. Highest rtferenres.—T. R. BbTH ELL, Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons, 544. King's Road, CheUci, S.W.

Seed Traded

SHOPMAN.— Age 26 ; eleven years' ex-
perience. Quahfiea in all branches of the business. Unex-
ceptional references,— W. O., Box 68, Post office. Chester.

SHOPMAN. - Eleven years' experience.
Excellent references respecting character and abiluies.—
T. H., 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

^^ Seed Trade.

QHOPMAN, or ASS15IANT, or PLANT

O SALESMAN, or could take sole management.— Age 37 ;
twelve years' experience.— J. H., 19, Birley Street, Lavender
Hill, S.W,

NU R^SERY CLERK, or SHOPMAnT^
Age 71 ; seven years' experience in Nursery and Retail
Seed Trade in one of the largest Scotch houses. Unexception-
able refcences as to character and ability.— No. 5, Gardenert
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Beed Trade.
A SSISTANT.— Age 21 ; can be very well

■^^^~ recommeoded. Six years' experience. — W. B., Messrs.
Young, Oakenhead & Co , Cork.

To FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, antl
OTHERS.— A youth in his 17th year, good writer, and
quick at figures, wishes to obtain a situation where he would
have an opportunity of thoroughly learning the trade. He is
willing to be useful, and expects no salary the first year, but
requires board and lodging. Good rererences can be given. —
H. E., The School Huuse, 14, Queen atreet, Budleigh Salier-
ton, Devon.

TJOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT anil PILLS.

-*--*- — Health's Defence's. — None jave the strongest can
with impiiiiiiy pass th'ough the suoden transitions from wet to
diy, trum c^jIoI to mu;;gy weather so pievalcut during the
autumnal and eaily winter months, li.fiucnza, bronchitis,
cough, sore ihroat. or quinsey will attack those most waichlull
of their health; but ihey can readily arrest any of these
complaints by rubbing Holloway's Ointment twice a day upoa<
the skin over the affected parts, and by assisting its corrective
action with appropriate doses of his Pills, This well-known^
safe, and easy mode of treatment efficiently protects the invalid
both from present and future danger without weakening or
even disturbing the system in the shghtest degree.

640

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 15, 1884.

CHARLES SHARPE&CO., SLEAFQRD

NEW PEA— SHARPE'S TRIUMPH— Sealed ^-pint Packets, 2s. 6cl. each, post-free.

Triumph is the best of the many fine varieties we have sent out. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, well filled with large Peas,
habit is dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use.
.Sixty-nine pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph— each pod containing nine to eleven large Psas.

The

CUCUMBER

Ss. 6d. per Packet (10 Seeds),

Epicurean will produce Cucumbers all the year round.

Epicurean is a fortnight earlier than Telegraph — a darker green, longer — more prolific, and

better in flavour.

POTATO.

8d. per Pound (7 lb. Carriage Paid).

Victor is the perfection of Potatos for frame cultivatior.

New Potatos, fit for use, have been produced from it in

Six Wpoka.

SHARPK'S EARLY PARAGON PEA.

H
co

LiJ

_l

q:
<
lU

UJ

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O
ir
or
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z

g

^

I

t/l
ft]

t^

2

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r

H

I

m

hi

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I

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I-.

.J-

33

g

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CO

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ca
p.

.2

30
0

P3

^

First-class Certificate Boyal Horticultural Society, 1884.

PARAGON shows in many respects a great improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine fl.ivour ; height from 3 to 4 feet,
The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from
twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration.

Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is mosi
valuable tor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety.

TRADE LIST OF SPECIALITIES ON APPLICATION.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the OfBce, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Acnew, & Co., Lombard Street, P.ecinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and rubUshed Dy
the said William Richauds, at the Office, 41, Wellinston Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covont Garden, in the slid County.— Saturday. November 15, 1884.

A^ent for Manchtttw— lOHM Hevwood. Ag«nt8 lor Scotland— Messri. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

estai)lisii)eti i84i.

No. 569.— Vol. XXII. {s?k1"s.} SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 22, 1884. (p^J.tStr{ie^spa';^jpofT'^^^^^^^

CONTENTS.

Benies and birds

Castle Hill

Books, notices of

Catasetum Christyanum
obsciirum

Chrysanthemums at the
Mewrs. Carter's,
Forest Hill
,, at Cheshunt
„ at Victoria Paik ..

Coniioental novelties in
flowers . .

Pahlia roots, UftiDg

Delphiniums

Dendrobium chloropte*
rum

Dendrochilum cucumeri-
num

Dr. Gilbert in Manitoba

Dundee, the disqualified
bunch at

Femerv and Orchid-house
at Woolton Wood

Flowering Bulbs, Haar-
lem Exhibition ot

Flowers in season

French Beans, gigantic .

Fruits under glass

Garden, the hardy fiuit .

Gardeners* Royal Bene-
volent Institution

Greystoke

Herbaceous or mixed
borders and beds

Horticultural Club, the .

Hypoxis colchicifolia . .

Leaves, the falling

MiccQvegetation of bank-
notes, the

660
651
654

649

658
6'o
663

661
662
653

648

649
658

65«;

666

Narcissus Pseud a- Narcis-
sus and its varieties . . 650
Ncrine venusta .. .. 66t
Obituary .. . . . , 667

Pa,'onics, herbaceous .. 65a
Plants and their cul-
ture
„ for town gardens ..
Potato culture for exhibi-
tion purposes . . . . C60
Potato hybridising at

Reading . . . . 66o

Preserved vegetables .. 650
Proposed School of Fores-
try at Edinburgh, the . 6^8
Pruning ., ,. . 6jg

Rhododendron Gritfi h-

ianum 656

661

Semiannular pipes
Societies : —

Bath Horticultural

Crystal Palace Chrysan-
themum

Edinburgh Botanical . .

Lambeth Amateur

Chrysanthemum

Manchester Chrysan-
themum

National Carnation,
Auricula, and Pico-
tee : Southern Sec
lion

Notts Horticultural ..

Richmond Horticul-
tural . .

Royal Horticultural ..

Staines and Egham ..

Tunbridge Wells

Weather

664

664

659, 666

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Examples of Pruning 659

Rhododendron Griffithianum .. .. .. .. .. 657

Views at Mr. Gaskell's. Woolton Wood .. .. 632, 653

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should

now be 7nade payable at
DRURY LANE.

Now Ready, In cloth, 16s.,
n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

-* Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

s

"J^HE GARDENERS CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :—C H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.

IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION.
The FIFTH GRAND EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS and FRUIT will be held in St. Gaorge's Hall
NOVEMBER 25 and 26, when in addition to a Silver Cup
value loGuioeas for Cut Blooms, upwards of TWO HUNDRED
POUNDS will be given in Prizes for PLANTS and FRUIT,
in CoUectionsand Single Dishes. Also GRAND EXHIBITIOV
of EARLY SPRING FLOWERS in the month of MARCH
next, 1885. For Schedules and further inlormation, apply to

JOSEPH GORE. Secretary.
51. Maple Grove, Sef ton Park, Liverpool.

CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

•GARDENINGandthelMPROVEMENTofESTATES
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. InsL C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower

Public Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and

full panicuiajs on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

ihe School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MlLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

To Osier Growers, Bisket Makers, and Nurserymen.

BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,
now Grow and Cut yearly loo acres and upwards of
OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according
to quantity required.

Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application.

STRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for
immediate workins, 25^. per loco. j^io per 10 oco.
A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by
ZwoUe, Holland.

Prices of Alpine Plants.
pHRISTOF STEINPOCK, of Altlengbach,

\--'. Lower Austria, olTers : — HELLEB0RU3 NIGER
(Christmas Roses), splendid strong roots, at 26J. per 1000 •
CYCLAMEN EUROP^U.M. fiom 121. to 24. per 1000'
VERATRUM ALBUM. 45... per 1000; NARCISSUS POE^
TICUS, I3r. per 1030; LEUCOJUM VERNUM, 131, per
1000; 20 assorted FERNS, in a collection of the most saleable
sorts, highly ornamental, 8oj. per icoo.

c

Notice of Removal.

NUTTING AND SONS beg to give notice
that owin^ to the expiration of the lease ot 60, Barbican,
ihcy have removed to more extensive premises,

106, SOUTHWARK STREET, S.E.
where alt communications should be addressed.
NUTTING AND SONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
London, S.E.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. — Roses,
Rhododendrons. Fruit Trees, Deciduous and Evergreen
Trees and Shrubs. Conifers. Clematis, and other Climbiog
Plants, &c. Our new CATALOGUE oi the above is now
ready, and may be had, free, on application.
H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries. Berkhampstead, Herts,

PH tE N I X RECLINATA. —

New Seed, \s. per oz. (about So seeds).
HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

1.AMELLIAS— CAMELLIAS with Buds.—

Many thousands are on Sale, while and striped. Apply to
JULES DE COCK. Nurseryman. Ghent, Beleium.

LARCH. — 1,000,000 to offer, Cheap, lifted
last Spring. All strong, with good roots : 3 to 4 feet. i6j. ;
4 to 5 feel. i8j. ; 5 feet, 2or. per looo. Apply

FRANCIS BELL, Nurseries. Easingwold.— Nov. 8, 1884.

FOR SALE, a few thousand MANETTI
STOCKS, clean-eyed and well-rooted, cheap for cash.
Also 10 bushels McLean's WONDERFUL PEA. Address
GEO. BOLTON, Nurseryman, Wyddial, Buntiuglord, Herts.'

Strong Thorns for Edging.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS can
supply the above, in large quantities.
Leith Walk Nursery. Edinburgh.

UCHARIS CANDIDA.— Good Bulbs by

the 100 or 1000. The flowers of this free flowering species
are extensively used for cutting. Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,

Birch. Alder, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Fine strong sound

plump Bulbs. Prices, and where desired samples, on
application.

THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, ToUenham,
London.

TANDARD ROSES, good plants, ^3 loj.

per I03 ; Dwarfs, strong, on Brier and Manetii, 30,^. per 100
W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster.

YBRID RHODODENDRONS, fine

plants, I K to 234 feet, all colours, mixed, 40J. per ico.
Hardy AZALEAS, bushy, and mostly with buds, ^os. per 100
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

To Market Gardeners and Others.

ROBERT J. DARBY, of the Cirencester
Nurseries, has 403 or 500 excellent Bush APPLES and
PEARS for Sale, cheap, that must be cleared. No reasonable
ofier refused. Cirencester, Nov. zr, 1884

FRUIT TREES for SALE.— Favourite
Cluster DAMSON, Victoria Bush and New Orleans
PLUMS. lo.cooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES, BUck and
Red CURRANTS, COB TREES. 20 ojo true DAMSON
SPAWN, 3t0 4le£t.

A. SEAR, Mr. Skinner. East Farleigh. Kent.

GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

rriWO THOUSAND VINES for immediate

J- fruiting and for permanent planting, thoroughly ripened
Canes. CATALOGUE on application.

JAMES DICKSON & SONS. " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

GOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's

Prohfac RASPBERRY.— Strong 2 and 3-yr. old Lanca-
shire Lads amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. — Apply to

W. WARREN. Worton Gardens, Isleworth, W.

To Grape Growers.

WUNWIN is open to RECEIVE CON-
• SIGNMENTS of GRAPES in any quantity. High
prices realised. Established 10 years.

W. UNWIN, SALES.MAN, IS. James Street, Covent Garden,
London, W.C

W' ANTED, Large CYCAS REVOLUTA
PLANTS, in good cordilion. State lenglh of trunk
and number of fronds, &c., to
W. ICETON, Nurseryman, Granard Gardens, Roehampfon.

ANTED, GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
ROSES, ORCHIDS, TUBEROSES, CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS (large- flowered, with long stalks), and other
CHOICE CUT FLOWERS.

WILLIAM DENMAN. Salesman and HorlicuV.ural Agent,
Covent Garden, W.C.

s

To THE TRADE. — Special offer of
SPIR.EA lAPONICA. e.vtra strong clumps ; LILY OF
THE VALLEY, extra strong clumps; LILY OF THE
VALLEY, finest German Crowns ; GLADIOLUS BRENCH-.
LEYENSIS, exira large : AFRICAN TUBEROSES. fir«t
quality. Prices upon application to

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and BEALE, 237 aod
238, High Holborn. London, W.C

A

D I A N T U M

CUNEATUM.

20.000 e.vlra strong, in 6o's.
LASTREA ARISTATA, var.. lo.coo in 6o's, 2or. per 100.
WATSON AND EDEN, Merton Abbey Nursery. London. S.W.

OR SALE, Twelve large CAMELLIAS

and Fourteen AZALEAS, clean and well set with buds.
For price. &c.. apply to

S. DANIEL, Gardener, Elsham House, Grantham.

Aquatics.
T V. REES (late Robert Parker) has the

^ • finest Collection o( above in the country, and can supply
Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, m loo showy varieties,
from 50X, ^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery. Tooting. Surrey. S W.

YBRID GLADIOLI.-The cheapest and

the bevt in the Trade. HOOPER'S WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be forwarded on application.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

New East Lothian Stock.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS beg
to intimate that they will send out thisseason their NEW
WALL-LEAVED CRIMSON variety of the above, which
will be found a valuable addition to these already well known
Slocks, in packets 2J. dd. and 5J. each.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Autumn Planting.

THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have, as usual, an
extensive Stock of healthy, well grown seedling and trans-
planted FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c., special offers of
which will be made on application.

OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for an.: pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Sundards, or Half-standards, air.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

Te3> Roses
'T'HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

-t- CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth.
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

Splrseaa— Splrasas.
JULES DE COCK, NURSERYMAN, Ghent,

^ Belgium.

SPIR/EA JAPONICA, first-class clumps.
Many thousands for sale. Prices on application.

ARGE ARAUCARIA EXCELSA for Sale.

Also large SPECI.VIEN CAMELLIAS, from 3 to 12 ft.
E. COOLING. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby.

ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—

Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

pCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. — The

V^ New Snow-white Coelogyne. One of the most lovely of
Orchids. Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and
Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

tjirIiesia refracta alba.

-i- Long white bell-shaped flower for early blooming. Very

sweet scented. One of the most useful bulbs that can be grown.

See our Bulb CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchanu

Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.

FOR SALE, splendid Williams' Bon
Chrttien and Doyenn<£ du Cornice PEAR TREES
from Jersey. Four years old.

Price Cl icj. per 100.

Apply to Messrs. S. SOLOMON and CO., Auctioneers and

Fruit Salesmen, Covent Garden Market, where samples can

be seen.

For Sale.

RASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black
CURRANT TREES, and Victoria RHUBARB SETS.
Apply. R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

SE ARABLE, for Forcing; vTWeT:
PEACHES and NECTARINES in pois-fruiiing trees ;
Dwarf Maiden FRUIT TREES, Dwarf ROSES. LIST on
application.
WILL TAYLER, Cbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

To the Trade
pUCUMBER SEEDS.— Tender and True

V> and Telegraph, of our own saving. Carefully selected

stocks which we can offer with confidence. Price on application

GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.

642

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 18S4.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulba— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Groat Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week AS above,
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales^com-
mence at half-past 12 o'clock, finishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

6000 LUlum auratum. from Japan, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Room?, 3S. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on TUESDAY, November 25. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of 50Q0 splendid Bulbs
of LILIUM AURATUM, just received Irom Japan in fine
condition ; 2000 TUBEROSES and other ROOTS, from
South Africi ; 260 LILIUM CANADENSE and 50 MER-
TENSIA VIRGINICA, from America; Home-grown LILIES
in great variety, including many of the finest species in cultiva-
tion : Clumps and Crowns of LILY OF THE VALLEY.
SPIR/EA JAPONICA and PALMATA, also several hundred
lots ol first-class DUTCH BULBS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 6780 )

PLANTS and BULBS, from English, Dutch, and Belgian
Nurseries.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY N tXT, November 26. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, first-class Standard ROSES, of
sorts ; Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, in
variety; and a quantity of HERBACEOUS PL.\NTi, from
English Nurseries ; 50 choice named CAMELLIAS, from
Ghent : STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and several
hundred lots of BULBS from Holland.

On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had.

THursday Next.— (Sale No. 6781.)
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, ^3, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, November 27,
at half-past rz o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr. F, Sander,
valuable imported ORCHIDS, consisting of a grand lot of
healthy and fine Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6781.)

3000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan in fine condition;

5000 TUBEROSES from South Africa.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the
above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, 'A'.C, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, November 27.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Every Monday, THursday, and Saturday.
DUTCH BULBS.— GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ri o'clock precisely, each day,
extensive consignments of the best named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSU.S. SNOWDROPS, and
other ROOTS, from Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and
Private Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Important Sale of a First-class Collection of Dutcli

BULBS, a Superb Assortment of ^00 handsome Standard,
Dwarf and other ROSES ; Selected FRUIT TREES,
Hardy CONIFER.E, SHRUBS, AMERICAN
PLANTS. &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City
Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on
TUESDAY, November 25. at 12 o'clock precisely.

On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C.

Tuesday Next.
ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C , on TU ESD AY
NEXT. November 23. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
ORCHIDS in fl iwer and in bud from various well-known
collections, and including several rare and valuable species, in
all about 3C0 lots.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

450 LILIUM CANADENSIS and 75 CYPRIPEDIU.VI
ACAULE, received direct from America; 1030 African
TUKEROSES, CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS, FICUS,
AZALEA MOLLIS, FERNS, &z., received direct from
Belgium; 300 best named Standard and other ROSES,
from a well-known English Nursery ; a choice as^ort-
mei.t of Hardy English-grown LILIES and HULBS,
SPIR/EA JAPONICA, LILY OF THE VALLEY
(immense crowns}, and a variety of PLANTS and BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the abive by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, November 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, in con-
sequence of the great number of lots.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

IMPORTANT SALE of LILIES from Japan.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
November 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, in consequence
of the great number of lots, an unusually large consignment of
LILIES and IRIS from Japan, just received in splendid
condition, comprising-

7000 Lilium auratum
1 100 ,, ,, extra large

bulbs.
600 „ speciosum roseum.

2500 Lilium Krameri,
2500 ,, longiflijrum,
1500 ,, Thunbergianuin.
speciiiiUin album.

200 clumps of Japanese Iris, the native drawings of which will
on view day of sale, and containing several beautiful varieties.
Oo view morDiog of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Ascot.
IMPORTANT SALE.

To the Trade and other Large Buyers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. J Standish Zl Co . to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Royal Nurseries. Ascot,
on WftDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 26 and 27,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several acres of remaikably
well-grovm NURSERY STOCK, includmg 40,000 Pinus
austriaca and 30,000 P. Lancio, 2-yr. transplanted and seed-
lings ; 1500 ditto, 2 to 4 ft. ; 6ood Spruce, i to 4 ft. ; 15 000 seed-
ling Scotch Fir: 12. oco ditto, 2 to 5 ft, ; 3500 Weymouth Pines.
6oi.o Ornamental Trees, 6 to 9 ft. ; 3000 green Holhes, 2 ft. ;
15,000 common Laurels, i to 3 ft. ; 6500 Laurus caucasicum, i
to 3 ft. ; 2000 Retinosporas, 10^0 named Rhododendrons,
budded ; 500 Border Shrubs, 650 Cupressus Lawsoni alba and
compacta, \% to 2j4 ft. ; Ketinospora plumosa alba, 30C0
Conifers, of sorts, 2 to 7 ft. ; icoo Standard, Pyramid, and
Trained Fruit Trees ; 1000 Standard. Half-standard, and Dwarf
Roses, and a quantity of GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety.

May now bs viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises ; or of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London. E.C.

Friday Next
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at iheir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, November 28, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, valuable IMPORTED ORCHIDS, includ-
ing new and rate species.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,

Friday Next —Without Reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will mclude in their SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT,
November 28, Without Reserve, a quantity of ORCHID>,
collected and brought home by a Gentleman, from the West
Coast oi Africa, including various Angrsecums, some of them
probably new. and a variety of other distinct looking and
unknown species.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Important Sale of Establislied PIialEenopsis

AMABILIS and SCHILLERIANA,
The Property of C. M. Satow. Esq., of Clapton.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on
TUESDAY, December 2, about 50 PHAL^NOPSIS AMA-
BILIS and 50 P. SCHILLERIANA. The plants are in
splendid health, and comprise specimen pieces with 4 to 6 leaves,
some measuring 10 to ra inches long by 4 to 4^ inches wide.
The varieties are specially fine, having been selected from time
to time when in flower from Messrs. Low & Co.'s immense
stock. Nearly all the plants are showing flower.

The Failowfleld Collection of Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
be^ to announce that they will SELL the REMAIN-
ING PORTION of the above well-known Collection of
ORCHIDS, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C, on TUESDAY, December 2, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely.

Further particulars will appear next week.

To Orchid Fanciers and Cut Flower Growers.

UNRESERVED SALE of a Collection of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS grown specially for Cut Flowers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
win SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY, December 2 at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a Collection of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, comprising altogether about 15C0 plants, including
100 Phalaenopsis, 350 Odontoglossum Alexandrse, 60 Ccelogyne
cristata, large quantities of Dendrobes and Odontoglots, in
variety ; Sophionites grand illora, Lselias. Cattleyas, Cymbi-
dium eburneum, Burlingtonias, Pilumna fragricans. &c.
On view morning ot Sale, and Catalogues had.

New Hampton, Middlesex.

About ten minutes' walk from Hampton Railway Station.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Tangley
Park Nursery, New Hamplon, on WEDNESDAY. December
3, at 12 o'clock precisely, by oidtr of Mr. W. Lane, to clear the
ground, a large quantity of well grown NURSERY STOCK in
good condition lor removal, comprising an assortment of speci-
men Evergreens and Conifers, 1500 Laurels. 3 to 5 feet ; 1300
Lilacs, 4 to 7 feet ; Deciduous Shrubs, Fruit Trees, 1000
Aucubas, I to 4 feet ; loco Rhododendrons, 1 to 5 tset ; i2,coo
Box, 1 to 3 feet ; 700 Hollies, 6 to 14 feet ; ;ind other stock.

May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the piemises, and of
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E C

w

ANTED, a GLASS NURSERY, with

One or Two Acres of Land and Cottage, withni 20 miles
of London.

L. H., Vulcan Villa, Truro Road, Wood Green, N.

Wannock, near Eastbourne

FOR SALE, the well-known (Freehold)
STRAWBERRY GARDENS, DWELLING-HOUSE,
GLASS-HOUSES, and PREMSES.

Particulars of H. T., 18, Marine Parade, Eastbourne.

T' O BE DLSPOSED OF, the GOODWILL
of a FLO K I ST.— Place comprises splendid Shop and good
Dwelling-house with every convenience, and occupies one of the
best positions in the suburbs of the Metropolis. Letters to
W. CALE. 18, Southampton Street, London. W.C.

To Florists, Market Gardeners, and others.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a FLORIST'S
and MARKET GARDENING BUSINESS. Returns
about ,1^150 per annum. Five Glasshouses, Stock, and Good-
will, Z250 ; House ami 3 acres of Land. Stable, and Cart House.
Rent only ,jCi6 per annum. Fourteen years' lease, immediate
possession.

To view, and for further particulars, apply at the Nursery
Woodford, near Berkeley ; or to D. LEGGE and SON,
Auctioneers, &c., Berkeley, Gloucestershire.

PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul-
TURAL, Markht Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, E Monthly Horticultuial Register had on application.

TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, Whits
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and CoLot;R Merchawts,
43, Commercial Street, E.

JOHN KENNARDS, HORTICULTURAL

t' Sundries, Peat, Loam, Said, and Berkshire Poitery

Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Hoiticultural Requisite.

Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1854.

Hyacinths In Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Poitery, Weston super- Marc.
Price List free.

Bhubarti and Seakale Forcing.

STRONG well-made POTS
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price Li;t Iree.

for

A

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM,
Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

SQUELCH AND BARN HAM.
ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
CATTANEO, Commission Salesman,

• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W. C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHtJiCE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

Notice to Senders.

WISE AND RIDES have now a good
demand for GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES. STEPHA-
NOTIS, and large specimen blooms of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS : also good GRAPES. Gros Colmar, Alicantes, ic. ;
CUCUMBERS, and TOMATOS.

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent
Garden, W.C,

WANTED, American SEAMLESS Cotton
Clover Bags, if in Rood condition.^Siate price and
quantity to HOWCROFT and WATK!NS, Wholesale
Seedsmen, Covent Garden; London, W.C.

A R Y M O R R I S,"

BORDER CARNATION.— Two First-class Cer-
tificates, 35, a pair, 15J. a dozen. Cash with order. Direct from
raiser,— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith St., Drury Lane, W.C.

"M

BARR'S DAFFODILS.— A beautiful Illus-
trated LI ST, describing more than 450 varieties, free on
application.
BARR AND SON, II and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

_ To the Seed Trade.

PHACELIA CAMPANULARIA.

W THOMPSON, SEEDSMAN, Ipswich,
• begs to announce that he is now able to suppiv Seed
ofthe above SPLENDID NEW ANNUAL, wich large flowers
of the deepest blue, and which received the award of a First-
class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society.

Retail packets Is each.
WHOLESALEPRlCli; LIST of thisand other New. Choice,
and Rare Seeds will be sent free on application.

To the Trade.

TriAST LOTHIAN STOC K.—
li Purple. White, Scarlet, New Crimson, and White W.-tll-
flower Leaved. All saved from the purest strains. Prices on
application.

IRELAND and THOMSON, Seed Warehouse, so,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

Orders are

of 1884 at -ios.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS,
now being booked for the New Varieti'
per doz. ; Cuttings, 1883 varieties, 5^. per doz.
Varieties, i^. dd per doz. Post-free for P, O O.

R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

PAUL AND SON'S ROSES, The *' Old '
Nurseries, Cheshunt, — The Champion Rose Growers of
i8Si respecilully solicit orders for extra fine STANDARD
and DWARF ROSES, ROSES in POTS for Forcing or
Exhibition, NEW ROSES (maenificent plants). .Specialty of
STANDARD TEA ROSES, CLIMBING ROSES of sorts,
fine grown, and in pots.

THE NEW ROSES include :-
H.P. GRANDEUR OF CHESHUNT (Paul & Son),

Standards and Dwarfs, is 61', each.
H.P. GLOIRE LYONNAISE (Guilloi), the New Yellow

H.P., strong grown Dwarfs. 8f.
TEA SUNSET (Henderson), the Falcot coloured Perle dis
Tardms ; good dwarfs. <,s each

THE NEW WHITE H P.'s:-
WHITE BARONESS. Standards, as. 6rf. ; dwarfs, si.
MEKVEILLE DE LYON. Standards, y. ; dwarfs, us.

All the above are fine Plants, giving good bloom next
Summer.
Priced descriptive CATALOGIJES post-free, on application.

ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, ly. per loo, ,1^10 it*, per
1000 ; 200,000 ASPARAGUS, Gi-int and Connover's, 2-yr , loi.,
fine; 3-yr. very fine. rsi. ; 4-yr., extra, aor.— all at per 1000.
MANETTI STOCK.S, strong, for immediate working, 30J. per
1000. Cash with all orders. The best money can buy.
R. LOCKE, Royal Rose Farms, Red Hill, Surrey.

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

643

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
Bulbs, 6f., 5^,, i2i., iSj., and 34J. per dozen; extia
strong, 3of. and 42J. pei doieu. AU other Rood LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. ^^^^

ANDRE LEROV'S Nurseries, at Angers,
France, the largest and richest in Europe m Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, S:c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, liA Honflcur, about 2s. 6.i. per 100 lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SOU LL,
9D, Lower Thames Street. London, E.G. ^^__^_^

SPECIAL OFFER OF
NURSERY STOCK.
LAURELS, Common, strong i-yr. cuttings, 15s. per loco.
„ extra transplanted, bu^hy, iJi to 2 feet, icoj. per 1000 ;
a to 3 feet, do., 140^. pet looo.
EUONYMUS, Green, extra transplanted, bushy, i>5 to a feet.

25r. per 100.
PRIVET. Evergreen, strong, for cover, 3 to 5 feel, 301. to 4'^s.

per ito3.
OAKS, English, extra fine and straight, 3 to 4 feet, 50s. per

1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, do , los. per 100.
SYCAMORES and ALDERS. 4 io6fett,40J. to 5^ per 1000.
CHESTNUTS. Horse, fine avenue trees. 10 to 16 leet, 12s. to
30J. per dozen.
A. CATALOGUE of General Nursery Stock post-free on
application.

R. TUCKER, The Nurseries. Faringdon. Berks.

TREES, SHRUBS, FRUITS, and
YUCCAS— Pyrus Maulei, this very beautiful .scarltt
flowering, and golden fruiting, hardy shrub, so much admired
and highly spoken of as grown at Kew Gardens: see Gardeners'
Chronicle, Nov. i, p. 562. Price of plants, ir. 6d. and af. 6d.
each. Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
Elms, Oaks, Limes, Chestnuts, Poplars. Forest Trees of soils,
Fox and Game Covert — Fur?e, los. 6d. per 1000; Broom, 2or. per
xooo ; Bitter Willows, 255. per 1000 ; Evergreen Privet, 30J. to
4or. per 100 a ; Spruce firs, 5^., 105,, 15J. per ico ; Laurels.
aos., 30J.. 40-t. per 100 : Tutson, 105. per 100 ; Yuccas, of sorts,
fine plants, ss. 6d- each, 34^. per dozen ; Standard Apple Trees,
34J. per dozen. £j loi. per too.

Priced LISTS of each on application.
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries. Bristol

To the Trade.

HOME-GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give
• special quotations of all the principal varieties of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS they have grown and are
offering this season. Their stocks are very pure, quality e.xcel-
lent, and prices very low.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

To the Trade Only.

FERNS — FERNS — FERNS.
Adiantum cuneatum, A. trapeziforme, A. gracillimum,
Lomaria gibba. Lastrea aristata variegata. Pieris senulaia
cristata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6ds, 2cs. per ico.

Adiantum cuneaium, A. gracillimum, A. trapeziforme. in 4 and
4% inch pots, 4or. to 501. per loo, accoiding to size ; Adiantum
Pacotti. in 6o's, 301. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4% inch pots, 501.
per too.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

Fruit Trees, offered to the Trade by
UGH LOW AND CO.

APRICOTS, Dwarf Maiden, 605. per 100 ; .£27 ics.
per I003.

„ Dwarf- trained, 24s. and 30J. per dozen *, £g per 100.
CHERRIES. Dwarf Maiden, 40J. per 100.

,, Dwarf-trained, iSs., 21s , 241. per dozen,

., 2-yr., feathered, 60s. per roo.
NECTARINES, Dwarf Maiden, (01. per 100 ; .£27 lOJ. per icoo.

„ Dwarf-trained. 241,, 30J. per dozen ; £8 los. per 100.

., Standard Maiden. 30^. per dozen.
PEACHES, Dwaif Maiden, 60s. per 100 : JC77 los. per icoo.

„ Dwarf-trained, 245., 30?. per dozen ; /,S tos, per ico.

,, Standard Maiden, 301, per dozen.
PEARS. Dwarf Maiden, on Pear and Quince, 40J, per loa.

„ DwarT-trained. 215.. 241 per dozen.

„ Pyramids on Quince, scs. , Cos. per 100.

,, 2-yr.. feathered, on Pear stock, soJ. per 100,
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, 40s. per 100.

„ Dwarf-trained, iSj., 2ts., 24s. per dozen ; £7 oer 100.

,, 2-yr., feathered, 50s., 60s. per 100.

The trees offered above are all of very fine quality.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.

T3ASPBERRY CANES.— A large number of

-*- ^ the celebrated Carter's Prolific (see Mark Lane Express,

August I, 1884), todisposeof; also Naples Black CURRANTS,

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apply to

A. AND E. BATH, Colgates Farm, Sevenoaks. Kent.

Choice Vegetable and Melon Seeds.

R GILBERT S Productions are all stamped
• with the Hall-mark of Superority commonly called
First-class Certificates. CHOU DE BURGHLEY, u. 6J- per
packet; UNIVERSAL SAVOY, 2s. 6d per packet ; GIL-
BERT'S BURGHLEY PET MELON, which does net canker,
3-year old seeds, 2s. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied on liberal
terms. — Apply to R.GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
Stamps wiih order. Post-free.

Roses. &C

W GROVE, NURSERYMAN, Hereford,
• offers plants of fine quality, including A. K. Williams
and other special and selected, 3W , 4or. and I'.s per 100. FIR,
Scotch, extra transplanted, 3^^ to 6 feet ; do. Spruce, good. 2
to 8 feet ; OAK, 2 to 6 feet : PRIVET, 2 to 4 feet ; do. Ovali-
folium, 2 to 3J^ feet; PINE, Austrian, 3^^ to 8 feet ; Silver
FIR, i% to 3 feet. Special Trade Price upon application.

HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420

varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
»nd cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's
selection, ai. 6d. per dozen, i6j. per loo ; cutiiogs. \s. 6d. per
dozen, 105. per loo : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For ihe new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
£ssay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swansccmbe,
Kent.

H

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be otifered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

Ordin.iry Reduced
Price. to

j/6

ic/o a/6
»/6 ..

5/-
10/5

1/6 -/9

5/-
>/6

5/- 5/-

10/5

2^1-

3/0

5/-
10/-

>/-

,16

No reasonable
offer refused ; or
quotations will
be given.

RHODODENDRONS. Standard. 4000
to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from
1% to 5 feet through the head 105/- 10/6 31/6

., Bush.do., 5, 6, 7,aud Sfeet high.. 4»/- 2'/- 15/-

,, Dwarf and Sweet-scented, i to 2,';'

feet high, consisting of K '

fragran?, Wilsoni, Goveui-

anum, &c.

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;,

fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3:

feet high . .
AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high
A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA.

T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA,

CUPRESSUS. RKTINOSPORAS,

THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and

manyother-; in fine condition lor removal , 10/6
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-.

mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars..

Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut, ■

Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxinus aucubaefolia, Scarlet Oak ;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and

Poplar, 6 to 15 feet high
LIGUSTRUMOVALIFOLIUM, 2 to
4 feet, per 100

,, common, i to 2ji feet .. .."\

LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

,, caucasica, i to 2J2 feet ..

,, Portugal, r J^ to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..

BROOM, White

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe-

lopsis Veitchii ..
ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ;

smaller, 1 to 3 feet,
THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet
KETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15

inches .
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

r to 3 feet
WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

1 to 5 feet

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches . . . . . . . .J

COB NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet .. 2SS- pet ico

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting. 2 to

6 feet high, 25J. to 751. per ico.
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear, \s each.
SFIK.£A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest

stock III Europe, 25^ per 100.
ERICAS in variety, 20^. per 100.

LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff, 3J. per dozen, 151. per 100.
PERIWINKLE, \os. per loo.

Thouiands of other things too numerous Jor an advertise-
fnent are on offer, and inquiries or a visit ivill be found very
advan tageous.

CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.

ROSES.

The only Gold Medal given for Roses by the Royal
Horticultural Society in 1884 was awarded to

. PAUL & SON

{Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty
the Queen),

WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS.

250 acres of Land in 3 counties. More than looo
First Prizes have been awarded to their Exhibits over
the last 35 years, including 37 Prizes in one week, and
5 Silver Cups in one day. 500.000 Roses in 2000 varieties
on Sale. Priced CATALOGUE Free.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

The Old Established and Celebrated

ROSE GRO TVER,
COLCHESTER.

WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL
ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS in SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid
plants ever seen. _^__^^

CATALOGUES post-free, on application.

Roses, Dwarf and Standard.

RAHDER and post can still supply many
thousands, very stroiip, of the above, on Seedling Brier.
STANDARD ROSES, in 3c o sorts of Tea, Noisctlr, Bour-
bon, and Hybrid Reinontants — 8oco pieces, first quality, at j^do
per 1000.

DWARF ROSES-Teas.

Alba rosea, 600
Adrienne Christophlc, --oo
Belle Lyoniiaise, 400
Duchesse Maihildr, 400
Madame Berard, 300
Mdlle. Fiancesca Truger Ni-

phctos, 400
Madame Falcol, 200

icoD piece--, ^.ti :

Maiechnl Nid, 1000
Marie Van Houlle, 4C0
Perlc de Lyon, 350
Perlc des Jardms, 700
Gloire de Uijon, laoo
Beauttf de I'Europe, 200
Etoile de Lyon, ico

CO pitce?, £,2 10s.

Hybrid Remontant and Bourbon.

Souvenir de la Malmaison, k

La France, looo

Gci,<?ral Jacqueminot, 1000

Mrs. Bobanquel, 500

Captain Christy, Coo

Paul Ncron. 500

Marie Baumaun, 600

1000 pieces, £,\$ ;

Prince Caiiiille de Rohan
Madame Nomann, 300
Baronnc de Rothschild, ioa

I>Uck of Teclc, 203

Cheshunt Hybrid, 150
Magna Charta, ico
Dr. Andry, 400
00 pieces, £,1 13J.

Nursery— The Lelic, Hocgeveen. Netherlands.

RASPBERRY CANES.—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting.
Lowest cash terms on application to

R. BATH. Crayford, Kent.

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.—
ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (English), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3. 4. and 5 feet : YEWS, extra strong; SYCA-
MORES. :< to 6 feet: BEKBEKIS AQUIFOLIA, 1% to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER.
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to 9 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted.
IVIES in variety. LAURt-LS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to s feet : RETINOSPORAS. m sorts, i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, z to 4 feet, fine stuff; A/ALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from 1 inch to 3 feet ; several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeedplanis; Cunning*
ham-s While CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA.
S;c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particnars apply t3
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, 'Ine Nurseries, Milton, '
Stoke-on-Trent.

ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL beg to
inform Gentlemen, Builders, and all who may be intend-
ing to Plant Trees and Shrubs, &c., this autumn, that their
stock of FRUIT. FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES
and SHRUBS, is specially fine, and that the present time is
the best to view and select the same, both as regards foliage
and flower. A personttl visit to the Nurseries earnestly solicited.
The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

Planting.

WFROMOW AND SONS invite the
• attention of Gentlemen, Builders, Gardeners, and
others, intending planting, to iof^pect their stock of RHODO-
DENDRONS, TREES, SHRUBS. ROSES, CLIMBERS,
&c.. which cannot be surpassed. Prices will be found low for
really good stuff, delivered free within 10 miles. Descriptive
CATALOGUE of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, &c., post-free on appli-
cation. Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, London, W.

Branch Nurseries : Hounslow and Acton Greea.

Orchids.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand
stock of DENDROBIUMS, in variety, and other East Indian
ORCHIDS, also CAITLEYAS and othervaluable ORCHIDS
from South America, and they are constantly receiving fresh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garstor,
Liverpool.

FREDERICK PERKINS begs to call
attention to the following large-sized EVERGREEN
SHRUBS, which have been removed every other season, are
all perfect well grown Specimens — will travel any distance.
Through trucks to any Railway Station in England : —
ABIES DOUGLASlf, 8 to 10 feet, 5^. to 7s. 6d. each.
CEDRUS DEODaRA, 3 to 4 feet, 35. bd. ; 4 to 5 feet, 55.
each.
„ LIBANI. 3 to 4 feet, 35. 6d. each.
HOLLIES, Green, English, 4 to 5 feet, 2J. : 5 to 7 feet, 31. 6(/.

to 55. each.
LAUREL, LATIFOLIA, 3 to 4 feet, 185. per dozen.

,. Portugal, 5 to 6 feet, 5^. to 7s 6d. each.
THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 5 feet (2 to 3 feet through). 51. each.

,, GIGANTEA, 6 to 7 feet. 7s. 6d- to lOi. 6d. each.
SPRUCE FIRS, 4 to 5 feet, \7S. per dozen.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 5 to 6 feet (3 feet through), z%s.

to 21;. each.
YEWS, English, 3 to 3H feet, 120J. per 100 : 4 to 4% feeti 24-^.
per dozen.

Special quotations for large quantities. Address
FREDERICK. PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street,
Leamitigtoo.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Our first importa-
lion has arrived in Buibi of magnificent ^ize ami quality,
superior even to most h'^me-grown bulbs. For prices see our
LIsT No. 7r,p- I. Also from Japan, in extraordinary size
and splendid condition, LILIUM H An'SONI, CONCOLOR,
CORIUION, EXIMIUM, BATEMANNIA. KRAMERI,
COKDIFOLIUM. LONGIFLORUM, fol. alb. marg. Send
also lor our Special Offers o( GLADIOLI. IRIS, and NAR-
CISSI. A consignment of New Zealand FILMY FERNS just
arrived.

NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester.

Grape Vines.— Grape Vines.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the BULB CATALOGUE, post-free on application.
Earlv Orders are solicited.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, N,

644

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

THE EOYAL
NORFOLK

SEED
ESTABLISHMENT.

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885.

Tbe Earliest and Best in Cultivation.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW.
From Mr. A. Arthur, Otwell Gardens, Cambridge,
*' I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March 29, and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All
March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has
proved what its name implies for earliness, productiveness, and
flavour."

From Mr. T. Notlkv, The Gardens, Stoke Hall,
Stoke Holy Cross.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one.
I planted at the same lime and by the side of Day's Early
Sumise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier,
the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized
Peas in each."

Height 2 feet, and very prolific.

Price, 3*. (id. per quart. 21. per pint, is. yi. per half-pint.

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA.

The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation.
Height 1% to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality.

Should be sown now.

Price, 35. td. per quart, 2J. per pint, i.r. -^d. per half-pint.

Free per Parcels Post to any address.

^tS

Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Filnce of Wales,
NOBWICH.

: >i)ib (iistiibiishcii. ::"":

ORNAMENTAL TREES, [

ffnilt irvcci!, I

Evergreens & Cover Plants. \

And ALL OTHER TreFSS PLANTS >

SPLENDID QUALITY. \

• •••••'!•••■••••■• • • t '

^iioii.uedOyex'cryone '■V,ieqnulU,i." t

NURSERIES 200 Acres. E

gUliaLIc -.1 Kuans. Address /;//////—

i^.t^@l.®ic6eonc^^on6S

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

-^^^- C better.

SAAfJcr^YT

\fS-:

AMNOmNCiEMENn

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

^7£ have shown this season much the finest collection
ever exhibited.

■WE have obtained more First-class Certicates than
any other firm this icason.

WE have exhibited very much the finest new kind
o! ^he^ ear, called ihe CRIMSON-SCARLET CHRY-
SANTHEMUM "CULLINGFORDI."

WE have much the Finest Stock for immediate sale

that ever existed.
WE supply them all warranted true to name, and at

the veiy lowest prices consistent wiih quality.

WE supply the best Work and Catalogue ever published.

OUIt Single varieties are acknowledged to be most
lively, and is the theme of convetsaLijn amongst all
1 jvers of flowers.

PLANTS, 6<i each, Bj. perdoz., in pot and bud.

Plenty of CUTTINGS, our selection.

100 Splendid Varieties, our selection, for 30s.

600 .. .. £7.

CUrriNGS. perfectly clean and free from sont and dirt, and

cannot fail to succeed. Is. 6d. doz . lOs. 100 ; 600, our

selection, all distinct and good, £2 IOb.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

LILIUM AURATUM,

HOME-GROWN BULBS,

As exhibited by us at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Show, South Kensington, October 14, 15, and 16, when we
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for them, the bulbs
being acknowledged "splendid." See all Gardening Papers in
October for comments. Mr, W. Paterson, Head Garde ntrxo
H.M. the Queen, says: — "A splendid sample." Home-Grown,
\s. td , ar., 21. 6</,, and 35- dd. each ; imported, ^jd., i5., \s. td ,
and IS, each, and from 6s per dozen.

For a fine collection of LILIES and other BULBS see
CATALOGUE, free on application.

COLLINS BROS. & GABRIEL,
Bulb Growers and Importers, 39, Waterloo Road, London, S.E,

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELB

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
Strong Canes, 15.^. per,dozen, ^^5 55". per 100. Usual allow-
ance to the Trade a. FAULKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,
is now in bloom. AH interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

Tnthony waterer

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to^

,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.

,, Hodgiof.', 3, 4, 5 to 8 feet.

,, myrtifolia, ditto. J- many thousands.

„ Scoltica, 3 to 8 feet.

,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.

„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft.

„ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and; 6 feet, 8 to 15 feat
in circumference.

„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens,

„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.

„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX . Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands.

„ Golden, of all sizes up 10 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.

,, Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds. [^thousands.

CUPRKSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 to 8 feet,

„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5» 6. 7. 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, z, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chmese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

,, Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.

„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feel, thousands.

,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.

,, ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 10 10 feet, hundreds.

„ HOOKERIANA. 3 to 5 feet.

„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. iK to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.

„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.

„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.

„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds,

,. NOBILIS. i>^ to 3 feet, thousands.

„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to 10 feet.

„ PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.

„ PUNGENS, iK to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA. 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.

,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet,
THUIA OCCIOENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundred?.
THUIOPSIS BORE^LIS. stosfeet. hundreds.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.

„ PISIFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet.

„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

Every plant is well-grown, and my Standard,
Half-Standard, and Dwarf Roses are the finest
plants ever offered. A Descriptive CATA-
LOGUE post-free, on application.

PRANK CANT,

THF, MILE END NURSERIES, COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 160 1st Prizes for Roses. " No Con-
nection with any other Person of the same Name "

Lalng's
Dutch
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS. TULIPS. NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. 15/-, 21/-, 25/-, 30/-, and 45/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed-

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 2/6 and 5/- per packeL
COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6
,. 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill. S.E.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN. — Too well known to require
description. Price ts, per bushel
{\s. extra per bushel for package), or
td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, \s.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
\ enclosed, with our signature attached.
^ WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed
Mercli:ints, HiEhgate Nurseries. N.

^' THE OLD ESTABLIS H ED '^^

NURSERY, SEED SIMPLEMENT BUSINESS

Y H;-^-*^unrivalled FOR^'*>,^yiA

•>Z^'r\\\k\ ITV HftDICTW I, L'VTCHT^si'y

QUALITY VflRIETV & J^XTENT
Ar J FORE ST • FRUIT

9< i ALL OTHER

JJ\TR£FS & PLANTS,

tl

0!>S''>^^'■''l^^^n^^^^t

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

JAMESDIC kSON&SONS

"NEWTON'NURSERIES .
— CHESTER- —

Pamphlet orv above- Post Free.

. FORTY ^^^^H ACRES

Orna

mental

REES

FRUIT &

Forest

Priced Catalogues .FbsLFnee

jrHEAUCONS

WoW Crawley , '!# Sussex.

LILIUM HARRISII (True).

We are the Original Introducers and Sole Agents of
aiv. HairlB in England for this Grand Lily.

Wc have just received our Consignment.';, and find the Bulbs
very gond, iarv^er ihjn last year, and in capital suuiid condition.
This giand Lily has been prnn-mnced by at) the pritctical men
who have grown it to ba 1 he finest iiitroductiun for many years.
Producing 2 to 5 blooms on a stalk, and throwing up 3 to 3 slalks
during ihe season in succesvion Flmvcrs pure while, long
narrow trumpet-shaptd, and recommended for forcing,

Fi>r Price of this and ni:«ny other vaiielii-s of Lilies and o \\nr
Flowdr Rootb see our BULB CATALOGUE, free on application.

WATKINS & SIMPSON.

SEED AND BULB MKRCHANTS, EXETER STREET.

STRAND. W.C.

Lalng'B
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal In

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8i. and 3\s.
Half-Standards ,, ,, „ ., 151. ,, i8x.

Dwarfs ,, ,, ,, . . 9f. ,, lax.

Our selection of above Pcrpctuals.

Vigorous Rrowth. well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

645

HyaclntbuB csLndlcans.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,
ofTer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at sos. per locx).

Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a giand
stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting
in Vineties. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool.

To the Trade.-Offered by

HUGH LOW .\ND CO.
ACACL4 ARM.\TA. well budded, <,s , i,s. per drz.
ARECA LUTESCENS. 48-pols. fine. iSj. per dot.

I, RUFiR.A, graceful Palm, i foot, ic^. per 100. fp dor.

ADIANTUM LU.VEATUM. 4S-pi)ts. gs., 13s.: 31-pois. t8<.

.. GRAt'ILLIMA, extra size, 32-pots, ijj,. 15^. per doz.
AZALEA INDICA. well budded. 13s., tss.. iSj . 245., 305. doz.

,, .. ALBA, old white, loci., 125^. per too.
BOUVARDIAS. in bud, 12s. per doz.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 3 if., 24^., yes. per doz.
CARNATIONS, Tree, fir ely budded, I2i , i-i. perdoz.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finely buCded, fs., 9J., iii p. doz.
DOUBLE WHITE AZALEAS, 70 to ko shoots, budded,

grand for cutting, » ill bloom e.irly, 6cf , S4J. per dcz.
DRAC.12NAS. in variety. 91.. iis., i8i. per doz.
EPACRIS, in variety, gr., 125 per d, /.
ERICA CAFFRA, in Hower. 9s. per doz.

,t COLOR AN S. in flower and bud, gs., tjs. per doz.

M GRACILIS, in Hower, 9J., 12J.. i3j , 24J. p. doz.

.. HYEMALIS. in flower, 91.. 15J., 24J. per doz.
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, 40s , 751. ptr 100.

,, SANDEKI.\NA, 401., 751. per 100.
FERNS, in variety. 48 pots, 63j. per loo.
FICUS ELASTICUS, line. i8j., 21J . 24! . 301. per d. z
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, strong, i8s., 241 , 30s , per doz.

.. RADICANS, well budded and in flower, 91 , us per doz.
GENISTAS, very tine. Ss., loj., 12J. per doz.
GOLDEN EUONVMUS. hne tor pots, 30s., 42s., for per 100.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA. 50J.. 7«. per ico' [,Ss doz.

JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, m fl wer, fine, isj.,
_.. GRACILLIMA, fine and strong, in bud, iSs. per dcz
KENT! AS. 4S-pots, 24J.. 30J. per doz.

LATANIA BORBONICA. splendid plants. iSj.. 24i.,42s.d. z
LAURUSTINUS, French-white, well budded, 12!., iHs. dcz.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E, locj. per ico.

.. PESCATOREl, loii. per ICO.
P.\MPAS-GRASS, fine plants, in pots, ics. to 4oi. per too.
PEL.ARGONIUM, Zonal, unnamed, 4S-pcts, showing bloom,

30s. per 102.
PTVCHOSPERM A ALEXANDP.'E, fine plants, iii ,i8i. doz.
SEAFORTHIA ELEGanS, 48-pots, 12... per doz.
iOLANUMS, well berried, gs., 121. per doz,
Clapton Nurseiy, London, E.

\\r H. ROGERS, Red Lodge, Nursery,

• ' • Southampton, cfTers the following, very fine. Prices
on application ; —

Standard named RHODODENRONS, good heads.

Dwarf, do. do., all well budded.

KALMIA LATI FOLIA, 1}^ foot.

AZALEA PONTICA, Ghent and amosna.

BERBERIS DARWINII.nicebushvplants about 1 ft.

SKIMMIA JAPONICA, 6 too inches.

COTONEAsTER SIMONSII i, to 3 feet.

PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, nice strong plants.

CUPRESSUSlMACROCARPA, 3 feet, transp'anted
last -'spring.

PINUS INSIGNIS, 2 ft, transplanted last sprirg.

MENZIESIA POLIFOLIA RUBRA and ALB.i.

CuB NUTS, wonderful prolific bearers.
And every other description of well grown Nursery Stock,
extending over sixty acres.

TyM. WISEMAN and SON, Nursery-

y » MEN. Elgin, N. B , will be glad to send samples (free)
with Special Low Prices of the undernoted on application : —

i-yr. Seedling LARCH.

»-yr. Seedling LARCH.

i-yr. Seedling, i-yr. transplanted, LARCH.

i-yr. Scotch FIR.

2-yr. Seedling Scotch FIR.

2-yr. Seedling, i-vr. transplanted, Scotch FIR.

2-yr. Seedling Silver FIR.
g-yr. Seedling, i-yr. transplanted. Silver FIR.

To the Trade

SEED POTATO S.

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
• LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and cin
be had on application. It c mprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, ard ihe prices are veiv reasonable.

Seed Growing Estab'isfnient, V^'i-bcch

Special Cheap Offer for Autumn Planting.

r^ALDWELL and SONS are now offering

V>' the following from their unrivalled collection, and being

grown in this exposed locality, and frequently transplanted,

cannot fail to give satisfaction : —

AUCUBAS, line, for Potting or Window Boxes.

CEDRUS DEODARA. handsome specimens, 2 to 6 feet.

CHESTNUTS. HORSE, 4 to 10 feet.

CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, in all sizes.

,. ., ERECTA VIRIDIS. i to 3 feet.
HOLLIES, Common, Broad-leaf and Silver vaiieties, in all

sizes.
LARCH, stout and well rooted.
LAURELS, in variety.
OLKARIA HAASTU. strong, in pots.
PRIVET, Oval-leaf, very fine, 2 to 4 feet.
POPLARS, Black Italian. Lombaidy. and Ontario, fine.
RETINOSPORA FILIFERA, PLUMOSA, P. AUREA
StlUARRO.SA VEITCHII. first ratefor Potting, &c.
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids and Poniicums, very bushy.
RIBES, strong, in variety.

ROSES. Dwarfs and Standards, best sorts to name. 1
SPRUCE FIRS, very fine, i to 3 feet.
SYCAMORES, strong, from 3 to 14 feet.
THORNS, flowering, all best named sorts.
THORNS or QUICKS, very strong.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and T. D. VARIEGATA,

very hardy.
YEWS, English and Golden, 1 to 4 feet specimens.

For Greenhouses, &o.

AZ.\LEAS, Indian and Ghent varieties, well budded, i8i. and

34^. per dozen.
CAMELLIAS, named, full of buds, 24^. to 30J. per dozen.
CINERARIAS and PRIMULAS, splendid strain, ts. and 95.

per dozen.
CROTON and DRAC^NAS, fine for table plants, 6j., 2s.,

and 17S. per dozen.
APPLES, PEARS, and all kinds of Emit Trees, fine callection.
VINES, extra strong Fruiting and Planting Canes,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, a complete collection, from 25J.

per ico
Special Prices and Descriptive CATALOGUES on application.
CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford,
Cheshire.

(CABBAGE PLANTS.-Early Rainham and

>— ' Enfield Market, 2s. f>d. per looo, best stock in the coun-
try ; Connover's Colossal ASPARAGUS ROOTS, fine, 3-yr.,
20s. per io:)o ; 2-yr. ditto, 14.1. per looa ; SEAKALE, for forc-
ing, splendid crowns, gr. per 100, nrfcj. per icoj ; best Sovereing
RHUBARB POOT>>, earliest in cultivation, for forcing, ts.
per dozen ; for planting our, 2,1. per dozen. Terms cash.
RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens. Biggleswade.

PPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,

25. 6rf. per sack ; 30 ditto, 21. ^d. ; 20 ditto, 31. bd ;
5 ditto, 4J. td. ; sacks td. each. Tn trucks of 14 cubic yards,
lis. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, 14J.
per ion, not less than 4 ton* ; sample sack, is. 6d.

LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c.
See Special List, also for the Trade.

TOO 000 LARCH, stout transplanted, 18 inches to 3 feet ; ditto
Scotch, »8 inches to 2 feet. FIR, Spruce, handsome, buhhy, 13
to 18 inches. Sample bundles of too. 3J. ROSES, Standara and
Ha It- Stand ard, of new and leading kinds, 75^. per 100.
Kingwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,

^d. per bushel ; loo for 255. ; truck (loose, about a tons),
40J, ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6d. per sack;
5 sacks. 25i, : sacks. 4^. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks jzj. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. gd. per bushel; 151. per half
ton. 26j. per ton : in 2-bushel bags. ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, II. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, Ss. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOIH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. WriteforFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 2r, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called ryA, Coal Yard), W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, is. each; 15 sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks, 171. ;
30 sacks. 251, : 40 sacks, 3cj. ; truckload of 2 tons, loose, 251.
All goods fr^e on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige. —
I. STEVENS AND CO., '■ Greyhound " Yard, and 15), High
Street, Battersea, S.W. Fsiablishtd 1872.

RICHARD SMITH & CO,, WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

Pill DQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle.
DULDO Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ^''^''S:::^^^"'-

STANDARD."!, 15J. per dczen. 1051. per ico.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order.

FRIIITQ llA nnrcic\ Best varieties of every form
I liUI 10 \f r <X\j\\jO) andkindoftreeallowprices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) S°v^e'"n^^I

TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8s per dozen, 50J.
per loa), FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80.000) '^'m'l\-

FORCING, Sc, 151, to 36s. per dczen.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4^. per dozen, 25J. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRI ES \bAfZ\l^.i aVp-r'.";

WIMrO THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V I ll LO ^s. 6cf. to Id. 6d. each.

WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
and DOUBLE, 12^. to 24J. per dozen.

CLEMATIS

Three Acres of G/ass for Sieve and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

12-oz. Sample Packets, ftee by post. 12 stampB.
THIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—

-L BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants. &c.,;i;66f. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Healhs, American Plant Beds, 15*.
per ton per Truck. Sample Ban. 51. : s BaEs, 2W. f>d. \ 10 Bags,
45i. BaRs included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, lar. td. per Bag,
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fuie. 521. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.

ARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens. — Best Qnalily. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse,
\s. per sack ; 30 for 25J,— bags included. Trucks (containing
a Tons) 25J. , free on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22J. (>d. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, -^s. td. per
sack ; 10 for 301. Coarse Bedford Sand. if. ^d. per bushel ; tu,
per M ton; 525. per ton. Loam. Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould,
ly. per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bones, &c. Finest Tobacco
Clolh. Zd. per lb.; 28 lb. fori8j. Speciality Tobacco Paper,
lod. per lb. : a8 lb. for 21J. ; -jos. per cwt. Second quality, ^d,
per lb. ; 28 lb. for 165. Archangel and Petersburgh Mats.
Pi ice LIST sent free. Special quotations to the Trade for casK.

W. HERBERT and CO..

Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwabk Strekt, S.E,

(near Loudon Bridge).

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST In tbe Market. (All sacks included).

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4^ td, per sack ; 5 sacks for aoj.

PEAT, best black fibrous . . 31 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 15*.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 51. od. ,,

LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . \

PREPARED COMPOST.bestl

LEAF MOULD, best only .. ( '^■

PEAT MOULD ,. .. J

SILVER SAND, coarse, is. id. per bush., us. half ton, 2M.ton

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8^. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. Zd. lb., 28 lb. 18/.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spdcialile) Zd. lb,, 28 lb. i8j.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected zj. per bush., 65. per sacV.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process).
sacks, ij. each ; lo sacks, gs. ; 15 sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks, 171. ;
30 sacks, 251, ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
30J. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWALL. LONDON, E.

. per bush, (sacks included.)

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is., 23. 6d , and lOs. 6d. each; also In
Sealed Bags, 1 owt., 13s.

MANUFACTURED BV

W. H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffiel(J,

wholesale Agents in London : Corry, Soper. Fowler

& Co., Limited. iS, Finsbury Street, E,C,, and bhad Thames,
London, S.E. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable
Seedsmen and Florists in the Kingdom.
Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, /or Vine Borders.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,

GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded r>iploma.
Forestry Exhibition. Edinburgh. --Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPEK. FuWLER and CO., Finsbury Street. London. E.G.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble inWater)

Effectually clear.-^ all Insects and Parasites from the RooU
or Foliatro of Trees and Plant-. Kills all Vegetable Grubs,
Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight, Clears Grapea
from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good Winter DressinR-.
Of all Seedsmen and Oherai-sts, 1/6, 2/0, 4/fJ a bottle. Per pal-
lon 12/fJ, or less in lars-er quantities. A Treaiixe on ''Fir Trre.
Oil," and iCa appUcalinn. sent free nn r'-re.iyt of nddre.-it, hrj the.
Matnt/acturer. E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co- ; Corhv, Soprr, Fowi.kr and
Co.; C. E. OsMAN & Co , and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water : 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., ^s., and lor. td.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxe.-;. td. and i^. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

FIR TREE OIL

646

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 18

SURPLUS STOCK.

RHODODENDRONS—

Hybrid Seedlings, various colours, from
I foot to 3 feet high, los. to /y per 100 ;
larger, very fine, 301. to 40J. per dozen.
„ Choice Named Kinds, i^ to 3 feet high,
from 30J-. to bos. per doz. All with budS'

AZALEA MOLLIS—

Seedlings, from best varieties, colours
kept distinct, nice bushes, five to twelve
buds, 9^. per dozen, 50J. per 100.
„ same size, with a few buds on each, 51. per
dozen, 35J. per 100.

ERICA HERBAGE A ALBA—

(New Hardy Heath), a mass of white
Flowers in January, <is. per dozen, 30X.
per 100.

DAPHNE MEZEREUM—

Reds, bushy and covered with buds, 15
to iS inches, is. 6d. perdoz., i6s. per 100 ;
I5 to 2 feet, 4^. per doz., 255-. per 100.
„ Whites, 15 to 18 inches, bushy and covered
with buds, 4i. per dozen.

LILIUM ATJRATUM—

Home-grown, all bulbs that have borne
heads of flowers this season, 9^. to 12.?.
per dozen.

We have also a fine stock of GREEN and
VARIEGATED HOLLIES, 2 to 5 feet high,
and a large GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,
which we offer at reduced prices to clear
ground for our annual transplanting.

Priced CATALOGUE on appticaiion.

ISAAC DAVIE8 & SON,

NURSERYIVIEN.ORIVISKIRK, LANCASHIRE
SPECIAL OFFER

01'

ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,

ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER CHAS. S L O C O C K,

Goldwjrth "Old" Nursery,
WOKING, SURREY.

A SPECIALITY.

Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb ColUction of all the leading Varieties ia Cultiva-
tion, also many tliousands of RHODODENDRON PONTI-
CUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Covens.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30J.

These plants, being thus prepared, may be grown in any
ordinary fibrous loam, without the expensive addition of peat
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

SPEC/.4L CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now ofTered for sale.

rhe Illustrated and Dcsaiplirc CA rALOGUE 0/ FR VIT

pOit-frcc.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price IB.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable *' Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

^

BOXES OF mBS.

Unequalled for Quality and
Cheapness.

For Conservatory and Window Decoration.

No. I.— Carters' Box of 800 .. price 841. \ Send (Zcs.

No. 2. — Carters' Box of 600 . . price 63J. I P. 0.0. 6ai.

No. 3, — Carters' Box of 450 . . price 42J. L or -J 405.

No. 4.— Carters' Box of 250 .. price su. Cheque loi.

No. 5. — Carters' Box of 135 .. price io/5J for \ios.

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

pARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS

V^ FOR Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation.
No. e.^-Carters Box of acoa .. price 841. 1 Send /Sdj.
No. 7.— Carters' Box of 15C0 .. piice 63J. P.O.O. 601.
No. 8. — Carters' Box of loco . . price 421 ,- or -< 40J.
No. 9 — Carters' Box of yco .. price 31/6 Cheque 305
No. 10. — Carters' Box of 350 .. price i5(. ) for 'l'4'3
Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station in
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

CARTERS' CHEAP BOXES of BULBS
FOR Planting in the Open Ground.
No, ir, — Carters' Box of 2250 .. price 841. \ Send
No. 12.— Carters' Box of 1850 .. price 631. | Cheque
No. 13. — Carters' Box of 1250
No, 14 — Carters' Box of G50
No. 15. — Carters' Box of 300

Packing and Carriage Free to any Railway Station
England and Wales, or any Port in Scotland or Ireland.

P. 00.

for

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Seedsmen by Royal Command to H.R.H. the

Prince of Wales,

237
238J

High Holborn, London, W.C.

Orchids a Speciality.

The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that,
without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception
of its unprecedented extent.

HUGH LOW & CO. .

very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all
lovers of this interesting and beautilul class of plants,
whether purchasers or not.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY two NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted f.vdusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS.
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES. &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WABB,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

DAFFODILS and NARCISS.

Single D.'^FFODILS.

Pheasant-eyed NARCISS.

Hoop Petticoat NARCISS.

Campernelle JONQUILS.

Double Incoiiiparabilis NARCISS (Butter and

Biflorus NARCISS. [Eggs DaffodiL)

LILY OF THE VALLEY, fine German
Crowns, splendid size.
For Prices of above and many other varieties of choice Narciss.
also Hyacinths. Tulips, and all Dutch, English, and French
Bulbs, see our HULB CATALOGUE, free on application,

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS, EXETER STREET,
STRAND, W.C.
Special Prices for Lar^c Quantities.

HELLEBORUS NIGER

(CHRISTMAS ROSE).

Jtist arriving, a large Importation of this grand Winter

Flower — good roots— in good condition.

Also English -grown Roots.

Exceptionally Low Prices on application to

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

WATKINS (ft SIMPSON,

SEED AND BULB MERCHANTS. EXETER STREET,
STRAND W.C.

SPECIALITIES for AUTUMN, 1884

ROSES.

Over Half a Million Dwarf, Hybrid Perpetual,
Tea-scented, Noisette, and other varieties, on
Manetti, Seedling Brier and own roots ; .Stand-
ards, Half-standards, and Dwarf Standards,
comprising all the leading kinds. Extra strong
Roses, in pots, for Forcing purposes.

FRUIT TREES.

Thousands of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, &c., including
all the most desirable varieties, trained in every
variety of form. A large Collection also in
pots for Orchard-houses.

FOREST TREES.

Millions of extra-transplanted Larch, Scotch,
Spruce, Ash, Chestnut, Oak, Sycamore, Beech,
Poplar, Hazel, Alder, &c. Hawthorn Quick, for
hedging..

CONIFER-ffi.

Cedrus Deodara, Cupressus Lawsoniana, in
variety, Thuia gigantea, Thuia Lobbii, Picea
lasiocarpa, Picea Nordmanniana, and all other
varieties worthy of cultivation.

FLOWERING & ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS

IN GREAT VARIETY.

Descriptive CATALOGUES on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.
ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK, SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY " FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nation;, Pa.'onies, Violets, Hollyhocks.

New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL LILIES

AT LOW PRICES.

L DALMATICUM, the black Martaiion, one of the most

striking and at the same time iree growing ; two iizes,

IS. 6d. and ^s. 6d. each.
L. CARNIOLICUM. ihe orange-scarlet Martagon, a rare

beauty ; two sizes, u, and \s. (d. each,
L CANAIJENSE RU BRUM, an "aristocratic" beauty, ij.

and IS. dd each.
L. HARRISII, the finest white Tiumpet flower, for pot?, in

existence ; three sizes, \s., is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. each.
L. LONGtFLORUM. splendid white Trumpet, ftagiant, and

very hardy, 6i, each.
L. AURATUM, golden rayed Lily of Japan ; three size?, grf.,

IS. and IS. 6d. each.
All common varieties in stock. See CATALOGUE.
2S per cent, discount when at least six of one kind are taken.
All carriape free. Now is ih^ best time to t>lant.

HOOPER & CO . COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.

Strong selected buds for forcing at i^s. per icoa.

ANEA10NE JAPONICA ALBA

(Honorine Joubert) at lo^. per loo.
Satttf-ies free on application. Cash '.vUh order, l^.tckage free.

E. ERUIJFF, Sassenlieim, near Haarlem, Holland.
PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

fjr Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H, S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.

Price LISTS on application.

TREE CARNATIONS.

All the leading varieties coming into bloom
List of Sorts and Price on application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES,

TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

647

WM. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the Hnest Bulbs^ Roscs^ Fruit Trees^
Herbaceous Plants^ Stove ami Greenhouse
Plants^ Trees^ and S/trui>s.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6^. per dozen.

lULIPS, the best for forcinj;, is. and is, 6d. per dczer, 7s. to
ic^. per 103.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, i^. 6</. per dozen.

SPIK.EAS. DIELYTRAS. DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLKY, MISCELLAN'tOUS BULBS in great
\'ariety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this
seasan.Qi-. and i2S. per dozen.

PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6s. per dozen.

CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, laj. and iSj. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS. AZALEAS (Indian, Ghent, or Mollis),

KOSES, in pots, (or forcing, iSj. and 245. per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate puces.
CALCEOLARIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, is. td. per dozen, loj. per 100,

from stoics. In small pots, 35. per dozen, aoj. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden

HYACINTHS, border, sep.irate colours, ■:s. dd. per dozen,

165. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, 9^. and is. per dozen, 5s. and ds.

per 100.
CROCUS. SNOWDROPS, \s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. per 100.

NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per
CATALOliUE.
M ordinary varieties, ^s. 6d. to 5s. per 100.

WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS
CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACTA
POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of
colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS. ALYS-
SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, is per dozen,
75 per 100 ; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds,
ij. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white or rose, gi. per dozen, 41. per ico.

HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 31. 6d. per dozen.

COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS
for 255.

CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,
41. and 6s. per dozen, 305 to 50J. per 100.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.
12 fine distinct kinds, 31. ; 50, i2j. 6d. ; loo, 305.

PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year
old. 3?, 6d, per dozen ; 2-year old, 65. per dozen.

POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 5s. per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS and P/EONIES. Si. per dozen.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6^. per dozen.
„ Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen.

LILIES, in fine variety, 35'. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES-our selection of

H YBRI D PE RPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6s. ; or 451. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to i8r. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES. 71. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c.,see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES/

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c., guod trees, 151., its. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40s. and 50J. per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

755. and 100s. per loo ; Maidens, 30J per 100.

APPLES, Pyramid, 40^., 50J., and 75s. per 100.

CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke. 151., i8j.,
aud 24s. per dozen

CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8^., 10s. and
i2S. per 100.

RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners. 31. per
100 ; in small pots, 12^. 6d. per ico ; m pots for forcing,
25^. per H.O ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12J. 6d.

SHRUBS. Deciduous, fzs. and 15s. per ico, good plants.

HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 155. per 100.

THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50s. and 755. per 100.

SPIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, lOJ , J$s. and 20s.
per 100.

AUCUBAS. well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 to 9 inches,
16s. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 20s. per 100.

THORN QUICKS, 151. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted.

OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4s. to i2j-. per ico.

FOREST TREES, in great variety, 50s. to looj. per ico.

CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6s. , gs. aud 12s. per doz.

AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. and gs.
per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHESTER.

TO

THE HORTICULTURISTS
AND GARDENERS

GREAT BRITAIN.

Gardeners' Royal

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

Augmentation of Pension Fund.

Only ^'420 are required to in-
crease the Pejision to £10 per year.

This avwimt (^420) must be col-
lected before December 31, or the
Institution will lose the £^00 pro-
mised 071 these conditions by an
anonymoiis donor.

An earnest appeal is therefore
made to all those interested in horti-
cultural pursuits to send their
donations at Once.

GARDENERS, do 7iot be afraid
to send your shillings {or your
guineas), every little will help, and
the smallest {and largest) donations
will be thankfully received by

Dr. IVIASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.

Donations already received : —

BOTHY MEN, The Mote Park ... ^^o lo o
BOTHY MEN, Ingestre Gardens,

Stafford 050

BOTHY MEN, The Gardens, Castle

Howard, York ... ... ... o 5 o

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) ... 5 5 o

Mr. HATCH 100

Mr. W. RICHARDS i i o

Dr. MASTERS 220

A. G. E. 200

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Bury St. Edmunds i i o

Mr. R.FARRANCE,ChadwelIHeath o 5 o
Per Mr. W. COLEMAN, Eastnor

Castle Gardens (First List) ... 17 o 6

(Second List) 17 6 6

THIRD LIST.
J. WICKENS, Esq., Donnington

Hall 500

Mr. M. BIGGS, Gardens, Garnstone o 10 6

Mr. F. HELPS, Foreman, Garnstone 050

Lady EMILY FOLEY, Stoke Edith 5 o o

Mr. G. H. GREEN, Enville o 10 o

Per Mr. G. H. -RICHARDS, Sher-
wood Park, Tunbridge Wells ... i i o

Mr. T. WYNNE, Wroxham Hall

Gardens ... ... ... ... o 10 6

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone ... o 10 6

Mr. R. BULLEN, Botanic Gardens,

Glasgow 100

FOREMAN and UNDER GAR-
DENER, Botanic Gardens,
Glasgow ... ... ... ... o 10 o

Mr. R. MCMILLAN and GARDEN-
ERS at Moreton House, Bideford o 15 o

J.HEATH,SedgwickGardens,Kendal 050

W. PICK, W. LOWE, and J. ROB-
ERTSON, Young Gardeners in
the Bothy, Sedgwick Gardens,
near Kendal, 2^. td. each ... o 7 6

T. BROWETT, Esq., Coventry ... i i o

C. TWAMLEY, Esq., Ryton-on-

Dunmore ... ... ... ... o 10 o

Miss FREEMAN, Ryton-on-Dunmore o 10 o

A few Friends, per F. PRINCE,
The Gardens, Dartrey, Co. Mon-
aghan 5 o o

Mr. J. BURDEN, Gardener, Barl-

boro' Hall, Che^erfield o 10 6

Mr. W. HUNTER, Foreman, Barl-

boro' Hall, Chesterfield o 5 o

-<s%

rrs^

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1884.

GREYSTOKE.

GREYSTOKE, the place of residence of
Mr. Henry C. Howard, is said to have
taken its name from the badgers, brocks, or
grays which frequented it. One might easily
be lost in the genealogical mazes of the house
of Howard, but we must be brief in this part of
our recital. The barony, according to Sir
Bernard Burke, was first granted to the ances-
tors of the Howards in the reign of Henry I.
It passed through the families of Greystoke,
Grimethorpe, and Dacre, to that of its present
possessors. By gift of the Earl of Cumberland
Lyulph of Greystoke became the first baron of
that name, and from Lyulph is derived a
modern Christian name, and also the name of
the tower — Lyulph's Tower — standing in Gow-
barrow Park, 9 miles from Greystoke, and used
by Mr. Howard as a shooting box.

The last lord of the house of Greystoke died
in 1306, and left his estates to a cousin, a Grime-
thorpe, or Grimesthorpe — one cannot be sure of
the spelling of names of the fourteenth century,
many different forms occurring. This second
house ended within two hundred years in a
female — an heiress — who carried the property
to the house of Dacre by her marriage with
Baron Dacre, of Gilsland. The heirs male of
this house failed within half a century, when
Dacre, Baron of Greystoke and Gilsland, left
his estates to three co-heiresses, his sisters, one
of whom married Philip Howard, Earl of Arun-
del, and henceforth Lord of Greystoke ; and
another Lord William Howard, second son of
the Duke of Norfolk, who thus came into pos-
session of Gilsland ; and from that time to the
present the two properties have remained with
the Howards.

The old castle of the fourteenth century was
among those which Cromwell bombarded and
destroyed. It was rebuilt in the last century
by Charles Howard, enlarged by his grandson,
the fourteenth Duke of Norfolk, destroyed by
fire a few years since, and is now again a noble
residence, standing on the old site at the south
end of the great park, near the village of Grey-
stoke, with the lion of the Howards and their
pious motto, "Sola virtutus invicta" over the
door. When the American clergyman, Mr.
Coxe, author oi Impressions of Evgland, passed
through Greystoke en route from Keswick and
the Lake Country to Penrith and Brougham
Hall, and ihence Jo " Do-the-boys' Hall, "he
observed, to his surprise, some castellated
places named Bunker's Hill and Fort Putnam,
'f here is a third, called Spier Hall, and in the
four-mile drive from Penrith to Greystoke, or
the two-mile stroll from Blencow Station, you
will see them, and will at once detect the eccen-
tric work of their builder, the Duke of Norfolk.
The forts are fictitious, but some ver)' good
farmsteads lie hid behind them, and their
builder, in spite of occasional freaks, eftected
very great improvements on the estate. He was
not only a builder but an extensive planter.
The Duke bequeathed the estate to his nephew,
Mr. Henry Howard, the father of the present

648

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

owner, and forestry still continues to be made a
feature in its management, the planting and
management of woods being skilfully conducted
under an educated and highly competent man-
ager. Mr. Wilson kindly showed me the park
and grounds, and explained his management of
the woods. The park, which formerly con-
tained ^I'i'il) acres, was enlarged by the
Duke of Norfolk, and is now one of
the largest, if not quite the largest, in
England, containing 5000 to 6000 acres with-
out a single public road or footpath pass-
ing through it and entirely enclosed by a
grand wall 7 feet in height and 10 miles in
length, the substantial work of the Duke of
Norfolk. There were formerly a thousand head
of red and fallow deer, the number of which
has been wisely reduced. Mr. Wilson's house
at the upper end of the village is about 600 feet
above the level of the sea, and the shepherd's
house, which is said to be the highest inhabited
house in Cumberland, is situated in the middle
of the great park, and is just 1 140 feet above the
level of the sea. During our walk through the
castle grounds to the ' Craggs," a limestone
ridge adjoining the shepherd's perch and as
high, we made sundry observations in regard to
timber, which may not be out of place in these
columns, though some of them were too
technical and minute in detail for repetition,
except in an article on forestry. In the first
plantation we entered, in the precints of the
Castle, sad proofs of the effects of the gales
which swept the North of England last winter,
were manifest. This estate lost 30,000 trees,
chiefly Conifers, whose heavy, evergreen foliage
caught the full pressure of the wind ; and the
shallow-rooted Spruce and Silver Firs suffered
most.

When true nobility looms in view there is no
mistaking it, but you could not pass the Silver
Fir that rears his head 120 feet high and
measures 17 feet round as high up the trunk as
you can reach, without pausing to admire it.
This great tree stands by the side of some orna-
mental water near the Castle, on a cool, moist
bottom. It shows the effect of exposure in its
comparatively rough bark, for if Silver Firs are
grown in sheltered woods their peculiar ash-
coloured bark will be as smooth by comparison
as the rind of an Orange. Rough bark is re-
garded here as a sign of health. The Silver
Fir contains 600 cubic feet of timber, and the
estate boasts of a Larch containing 400 cubic
feet. In the timber yard of the Home Farm I
was interested to observe the roughness of the
bark of a number of young Larch trees, which
were blown down prematurely, when thirty years
planted, by the three great storms, i.e., one from
the north in December, from the south in
February, and from the south-east in March.

From the homestead near the hunters' stables,
and beyond the laundry, the ground rises
towards the Crags, a favourite high spot, where
frequent festivals and pic-nics are held, the
public bemg freely admitted. Near the home-
stead a turbine for the supply of the Castle with
water has been fixed in connection with a reser-
voir, which is replenished from another reservoir
fed by the natural springs flowing from the high
ground.

There are some fine rows of Lime trees on this
lower ground. The shepherd's house beyond
the Crags stands on the limestone rock, and
the Sycamore and Ash grow well around it,
thriving in soil 12 inches deep. The Ash is
grown here with profit, in 'large masses, not
less than two acres in extent, at an elevation of
1400 feet, and the Sycamore thrives even at a
greater altitude, provided the trees are planted
in sufficient number for mutual shelter. The
planting and improving Duke was particularly
fond of surrounding the homesteads with Syca-
mores for shelter ; and he could not have
selected a better or more ornamental tree for
the purpose. The timber, too, is of growing

value in the case of trees of large size, and for
that reason it is planted here in greater numbers
every year. The Duke set an example of planting
which his successors have not neglected.
Eccentric as he may have been in some respects,
his ideason the management of great estate were
in the main correct. You may see his works blend-
ing with Nature's from the " Summer-ground
Crag," where a wide prospect lies around — first,
a plantation of Larch in the rear — the Duke's —
then in front a wide valley in the open park
formed by Nature ; then plantations and woods
— the Duke's — covering the opposite slopes,
with the Duke's wall, which passes through
them, visible here and there, and beyond the
boundary of the park (though that is nowhere
made apparent) lies a most extensive prospect,
whose chief features are fells and peaks and
mountain sides, which Nature claims as her
handiwork. There are parks in the South of
England which excel in some respects those of
the higher latitudes, but for grandeur, exclu-
siveness, and stately size we have nothing in
the southern counties to compare with Grey-
stoke, the Great Park at Windsor being far less
wild and romantic. Such a park in a thickly
populated district has become almost impos-
sible. But we are here in Westmoreland.
Across that moor — looking from the Crags —
lies Carlisle, 17 miles distant ; and beyond is
the Solway. Further distant still several points
are seen in Dumfriesshire, and in Durham and
Northumberland. The eye can range west and
east from Helvellyn, Saddleback, and Skiddaw,
the most prominent points of the Lake Country
to Crossfell, the highest peak of the Pennines.

Quitting the subject of scenery for that of
forestry a distant fell is seen here on the north
which the Duke planted. The wood now con-
sists of 356 acres of Larch, ranging in size from
mere bushes at the top, at an altitude of 1 500 feet
above the level of the sea, to timber trees of
60 or 70 cubic feet on the lower levels. It is
interesting to observe the effects of shelter in
the plantation of Larch at the Crags, where
the outside trees on the exposed side are com-
paratively small, while those within have
attained the average size of 60 or 65 cubic feet,
the age of the plantation being sixty years.
Hawthorn bushes grow exceedingly well at
this elevation. Before the advent of the Duke,
all these profitable plantations of Graystoke
were natural woods, yielding very little timber.
The best hardwood is on the freestone, on the
eastern side of the estate. The Larch does
tolerably well on this formation, but it prefers
the limestone. There may not be much signi-
ficance however in this fact, which can hardly
be due to the composition of the soil, for the
Larch is not a limestone plant. It requires
moisture, but it is necessary that the water should
run freely away from its roots as it does on the
porous limestone of the Crags. It may be well
to note that Mr. Wilson does not raise young trees
to any great extent, preferring to obtain them
from Messrs. Little&Ballantyne, of Carlisle. The
nursery business, or the treatment of timber
trees from the seed-bed till the final planting
out, is an art in which special training is needed.
I may add that a considerable portion of the
park is grazed on the system of adjustment, and
about a thousand head of cattle and horses are
taken in from May 24 to October 12.

The horticultural department at Gieystoke,
under the care of Mr. Micklewright, is not
pushed to extremes. The climate is not
favourable to the production of fruit. Apples of
all sorts require shelter, while the more tender
sorts can only be grown on a wall. Peaches
are out of the question out-of-doors, Morello
Cherries do well. The altitude is about
700 feet, and I noticed that at lower altitudes,
on favourable sites. Peaches ripened very well
this year in Cumberland. The well sheltered
kitchen garden is 3 acres in 9xtent. The private
grounds and shrubberies close to the Castle,

watered as they are by a burn called the
Petterill, are very delightful. The streamlet
rises in the north-eastern part of the park, falls
over several artificial cascades within sight
and hearing of the dwelling, and fills some
ornamental sheets of water in the shubberies
below ; so that woods and plantations, with a
stream passing through them, hang over the
grassy slopes of the pleasure gardens by the
waterside. H. E.

\

i

em

Dendrobium chloropterum, Rchb.f.^ etSp, Le AT.
Moore (Trim. Land. Journ. Bot.^ 1878, May,
p. I37» t. 196).

This interesting plant made its European debut at the
Royal Kew Gardens ; its origin was unknown then.
Having, however, been informed by Mr. J. Smith,
the indefatigable curator of that grand establishment,
that some Dendrobia had been products of the
Challenger Expedition, I then guessed the plant
might be due to Mr. Moseley. Now, vhen I have
finally a five-leaved .bulb at hand, I am nearly sure
that this is the same as one of the Challenger plants
seen at Kew. The bulb may be compared to that
of a Lcelia. It is fusiform, thick, with four furrows
each side between the blunt broad ribs, shining,
consisting of three joints under the leaves and over
the stalk. Long fascicles of woody fibres are spread
like single hairs, the remainders of the decayed sheaths.
The two leaves are cuneate oblong, narrowed, blunt
acute, bilobe at apex, very thick. You might com-
pare them to those of the enfant terrible of sales,
Epidendrum ciliare, that is brought forward now and
then as a new Cattleya. The leaves correspond very
well with the description and the measurements given
by Mr. Spencer Le Marchant Moore, /.c, where the
representation of the leaf on the plate would rathet
appear to have been submitted to rules of perspective.
This is the constant difficulty for the draughtsman, who
might attempt at all events to give one of each organ
in the real dimensions. I had then only a single
flower, and I hope the full specimen has been kept in
the Kew Herbarium.

According to my skilful fellow workman's repre-
sentation, the peduncle rises from the axil of the
sheath, standing-under the upper leaf. This peduncle
makes a rather surprising impression, as it is long and
bears at the top a lax few-flowered inflorescence, that
might rather be called a corymb, as the stalks of the
inferior flowers are longer. When seeing it I thought
of Bulbophyllum umbellatum, notwithstanding
its flowers standing very close together. The
substance of the flowers is remarkably thick.
Sepals olilong acute, with a long blunt chin.
Sepals narrower, apparently with inflexed apices.
Lip trifid before the short claw. Side
laciniie triangular, upright, anterior lacinia much
greater, obcordate. A thick, saddle-like, fleshy callus
between the side laciniae with two sharp keels midway,
and sharp keels outside, constricted in a pandurate
manner. Column short, trigonous, with a trtdentate
margin around the anther, without any hollow at the
base of the foot. Sepals and petals light green,
with red streaks outside, and broken lines of darker
colour inside, which appear as rows of blotches or
very short lines. The lip is light reddish with dark
lines, longitudinal inside, transverse outside on the
side lacini^e. The front lacinia has a light yellowish
border. Callus white. Column whitish. Anther
light green, with a tumid border. Pollinia quite
genetic, fine orange.

Considering the plant in relation to its position in
the system, we may regard it as the sister 0! Dendro-
bium macrophyllum (Veitchianum, Lindl.). There
is only one objection. Amidst the mass of speci-
mens I have of this there is not one that has not a
really terminal inflorescence, while this has a lateral
one. It is very desirable that the possessors of
Dendrobium chloropterura should examine their
plants as to this. As to myself, I do not know
anything about the origin of the peduncle. I rely on
the drawing of Mr. Spencer Le Maichant Moore,
who is well known as being absolutely trustworthy. I
have, however, the belief that the inflorescence may

November 24, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

649

be as well lateral as terminal ones. We have several
curious instances in Dendtobia, some of which bring
flowers at various seasons, nay, years, from various
internodes of the same bulb. Such is the habit of
Dendrobium letragonum, as I have well observed in
the Hamburgh Botanic Garden. If 1 remember
rightly, Mr. T. Day, an excellent observer, told me he
had seen such things in Dendrobium densitlorum,
and I have seen the same in Dendrobium chrysotoxum
and other species.

Mr. B. S. Williams, my assiduous correspondent,
tells me the plant comes from New Guinea. I had a
fine-leaved bulb from the Victoria and Paradise Nur-
sery, where there are some specimens. The peduncle,
however, also sent by Mr. B. S. Williams, came
from Mr, G. Heriot, Cholmeley I'ark, Highgate, who
is so famous for his enormous Phalcenopsis flowers.
H. G. Ki-hi'. f.

Dendrochilum CUCUMERINUM, «. Sp.*

This is much like Dendrochilum uncatum, that
flowered with Messrs. H. Low & Co.; it is, how-
ever, very clearly distinct, both its lip and column,
which are both very ditVereot. The lip has a toothed
brown auricle each base, running out in an aristale
extrorse narrow process. The mid-lacinia is obcu-
neate, retuse, with an apiculus in front mid. Two
fine brown stripes traverse the disc. The arms at the
base of the column are much curved and artistically
acute. The top of the whitish-green column is retuse,
with a small square prominence in the centre The
flower is light hyaline green, standing in an elegant
distichous bent raceme. Flowers are as pellucid as
those of Pleurothallis longissima. The bulbs may be
compared to Cucumbers. They are, however, finally
full of furrows. Leaves shining, as if varnished. The
plant grows in close tufts, as I see from the specimen
kindly sent by Mr. W. Bull. I am not informed as
to the origin ; the plant presents, however, a Philip-
pinese appearance. H, G. Rchb. f.

Hypoxis COLCHICIFOLIA, M. jr/.f

This is a new species of Hypoxis, imported by Mr.
Bull from the Cape, which has just flowered for the
first time. Its nearest allies are H. Rooperi, hemero-
callidea (elata. Hook, fil.), and latifolia. There is
nothing particular about the flower, but the leaves
look very unlike those of an ordinary Hypoxis, being
broad, bright green on the upper face, and perfectly
glabrous on both surfaces. In the shape and arrange-
ment of the leaves and general character of the leaf-
bearing stem it roughly resembles one of the more
robust Colchicums, such as C. autumnale or byzan-
tinum.

Corm globose, 2 inches in diameter, the outer
tunics thin and dark brown. Tuft of leaves at the
flowering time about i foot high, the outer three or
four small and rudimentary ; produced leaves 6 — 8,
oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, the largest 6 — S inches
long, \\ — 2 inches broad, moderately firm in texture,
quite glabrous on both surfaces, bright green above,
rather glaucous beneath, with a strong midrib and
numerous close transparent vertical veins. Peduncle
central, not reaching to the summit of the leaves, very
slender, slightly pilose, bearing 3 — 4 corymbose
flowers with short pedicels and lanceolate bracts.
Ovary green, obconic, slightly pilose. Expanded
limb \\ inch in diameter ; segments oblong-lanceolate,
bright yellow inside, greenish-yellow and slightly
hairy on the back. Stamens half as long as the
perianth segments ; anthers oblong ; filaments shorter
than the anther. Style cylindrical, \ inch long.
J, G, Baker.

Catasetum Christyanum obscurum, «. var.

A very fine variety of the original type, having both
sepals and petals of the darkest black-purple. The
lip's side lacinias are of a dark rich purple, the mid-

* Dendrochilum cucumerinum, n. sp. — Pseudobulbisoblongo-
fusifonnibus demum rugoso-sul calls poUicaribus ; juvenibus
monophyllis ; foliis cunealo oblongis acutis, ^uperne vernixiis ;
pedunculo tenui Dutaote ; racemo dislicho ; bracieis brevibus
ovaria subasquantibus ; sepalis oblongis acutis ; tepalis sub-
sequalibus denticu)aus ; labello triAdo ; laciniis basilaribus
semioblongis denticulatis antrorsis in laciniam anguslam trian*
gulo-aristatam divaricatam extensis ; lacioia mediana louge
pcrrecta cimeato-obtonga antice retusa apiculala ; columnae
aodroclinio retuso cum processa mediano quadrato ; brachiis
supia basin columna: uncatis. Flores hyalino viriduli :
labellum castaneo pictum. Basi columnae castanea. H. G.
Rcftb. f.

t Hypoxis colchici folia, n. sp. — Cormo magno globoso ; foliis
prcduciis 6 — 8 oblongo-lanceolalis erectis subcoriaceis utricque
glabris facie \'iiidibus dorso glaucescentibus venis verticalibus
hyalinis; pedunculobrevi graclli centrali parce piloso ; floribus
3 — 4 luteis corymbosis pro genero magois ; bracteis lanceolatis ;
ovario obconico paice piloso, segmentis obloDgo-Ianceolatis
ovaiio duplo longioribus ; staminibus limbo duplo breviorlbus,
stylo cylindrico. J. G. Bafur.

lacinia; sepia-olive-green. The wall around the
mouth of apex is light ochre, painted here and there
with red. Column, gieen. I have to thank for it
Mr. T. Christy, F.L.S. It is a great satisfaction to
see the CiMhcia, which flowered first in 1SS2, now
improved; and this is decidedly a proof of the skill of
the gardener at Malvern House, Sydenham— Mr. E.
Leaney. //. G, Rchb. f.

THE FALLING LEAVES.

Concerning an article on the above subject, which
appeared in our issue of October 25, we desire to stale
that the figures in the summary of analysis should have
been preceded by a decimal point in each instance,
otherwise they areuntrue, and consequently misleading.

Probably the following will be a more intelligible
method of expressing the facts : —

CoHstiiutnts in 100 lb. 0/ Leaves and Stable Dun^.

Oak

Leaves.

Chestnut
Leaves.

Stable
Dung.

Water

Lb.
30 00

Lb.
30.00

Lb.
70.00

Nitrogen

0.54

0.67

0.50

Potash

0.17

038

0.40

Phosphoric acid

0.26

023

0.50

At first sight these results appear to show that dead
leaves are almost, if not quite, as valuable as stable
dung, but if we convert each of them into an equally
dry and water-free condition, then we find that
1000 lb. of the dried materials will be as follows : —

Niliogeu
Potash
Phosphoric acid

Chestnut 1
Leaves. I

Stable
Dung.

Lb.
9.6

Lb.
16.7

»3 3
16.7

We see, therefore, that average stable dung when
dry is weight for weight about double the value of
fallen leaves in the amount of nitrogen it will add to
the soil ; about four times richerjn potash, and five
times more valuable in the quantity of phosphoric
acid.

We find, also, that season has much to do with the
chemical constituents of newly fallen leaves, for while
the amount of ash which leaves will yield when
they are burnt is fairly constant, the ingredients of
the ash itself is subject to great fluctuation, as may
be instanced by some investigations of Professor
J. Nessler * in newly fallen Oak and Beech leaves
collected in the seasons of 1S67 and 186S.

Constituents in 100 lb. 0/ Dty Leai'es.

1867
1868

Oak Leaves.

Beech Leaves.

D«.o^K Phosphoric u„.,,i 1 Phosphoric
^°'^^^- acid. Potash, I J^^^

0.347
0.232

0,224
0073

o 503
0.282

0.360
D.104

Similar observations have also been made by Zoller
and Rissmliller.

Leaves are valuable to gardeners chiefly because
they are more rich in mineral substances than the
different kinds of straw usually employed as litter,
and which make up a considerable part of the bulk
of stable dung.

When foliage is used as litter it should always be
collected immediately after it has fallen from the
trees, and placed in some dry place ; otherwise rain
will wash out the saline parts, and so destroy much
of their manuring properties. J. J. W.

Having to take my whole supply of manure

from spent hotbeds in which there is used one-third
to two-thirds of leaves, I was much interested in the
article " The Falling Leaves," p. 531. But a little
reasoning soon told me how misleading the deductions
made from the analyses were. Supposing there may
be many gardeners situated as I am in regard to their
supply of manure, at least in places where hot-water
pipes have not replaced fermenting materials, I think
my notes on the subject may be of some interest to
others.

I have no doubt about the correctness of the
analyses themselves, though I hardly thought that

* yahresbericht Ag. Cliem., xi., 2,^0.

fallen leaves had so much value. Sachs says in his
Textbook of Botany, p. 711, "When the cells of the
leaves become emptied of their contents at the close
of the period of vegetation, and the deciduous parts
die otT, not only the last portion of starch which was
formed m the latter, but also the material of the
chlorophyll granules is itself absorbed and conveyed
through the leaf-stalks to the reservoirs of reserve
material ; all the serviceable substances contained in
the leaves become incorporated in the permanent
organs. The constituents of the Ash which are
serviceable to the plant, especially phosphoric acid
and potash, are conveyed with the starch and the pro-
toplasmic substances to the persisting parts, so that
the falling leaves thus consist only of a skeleton of
cell-walls and of the subsiding products of metastasis
which are of no value to the plant." That is about
the same as is said in the beginning of the article
alluded to, but I should think the writer means that
rather more than "the larger part" is withdrawn.
Be that as it may, let us suppose that the leaves
picked on Nov. 13 had lost all they should, and that
the analyses are correct, how much have we then got
in 100 lb. of leaves of the three substances we regard
as valuable manure — potash, phosphoric acid, and
nitrogen ? The analyses tell it plainly enough, we
only have 3.4 lb, albuminoids, and these
contain about 15 — 16 per cent, nitrogen, which
makes .5 or 4 lb. of nitrogen, potash .17 or ^ lb.,
phosphoric acid .26 or about \ lb. To get the
quantity stated in the article as contained in
100 lb. Oak leaves we want 10,000 lb. or 4^ tons.
But I suppose when we take them wet from the park
or hotbed we shall have to take about double the
quantity. These figures have not much value for
practical men ; therefore a comparison with stable
manure, as attempted in the article, would be of much
value if correct ; but this is even more misleading,
at least from a 'practical point of view, for we only
want to know the value of leaves compared with
stable manure. The writer tells us that stable manure
contains in 100 lb. 5 lb. nitrogen, 6 lb. potash, and
3 lb. phosphoric acid. Here I am fortunate enough
to be able to refer to one of your own authorities. Mr.
T. Macadam, in his article on Vine soils, August 11,
1883, says that a good sample of farmyard manure
contains in 100 tb. .54 lb. ammonia (or about .44
nitrogen), .52 lb. potash, and .3 lb. phosphoric acid.
You will find that your writer's quantities are about
ten times too large for farmyard, manure and a hun-
dred times too great for Oak leaves.

To make an easy comparison we will take 10,000 lb.
of each — farmyard manure and Oak leaves. In that
quantity is contained : —

NitroRen
Potash

Phosphoric acid
Water

Oak

Leaves.

Farmyaid
Manure.

Lb.

Lb.

50

44

•7

Sa

26

30

iooo

7030

This looks very favourable, indeed, for the leaves, but
the comparison is not quite fair, as may be best seen
when we look at the constitution of water and re-
member that the analysis of Oak leaves of course was
taken of dry leaves as picked from the tree. What
enormous difference there is between dry and wet
leaves will be known by every one who has handled
them in both states, and it is easily understood when
we remember that leaves are merely "a skeleton of
cell-walls," which, of course, will get filled wilh
water at the first opportunity, besides, a great deal of
water will adhere to the surfaces. IIow much this
water amounts to I am not able to say, but I should
think it is more, or at least quite as much, as in stable
manure. Only putting it at the same figure (for my
own part I believe it to be greater) then the com-
parison looks thus : 10,000 lb. contain : —

Nitrogen
Potash

Phosphoric acid
Water

This still shows leaves to be very valuable manure,
though, of course, as every one knows from experi-
ence, they are inferior to stable manure ; it will be

Oak
Leaves.

Farmyard
Manure.

Lb.

Lb.

35

44

12

5»

19

30

7000

7C03

650

THE GARDENBk^' CHUON/CLE.

[November 22, 1SS4.

seen that it is mostly potash that is wanted, and this
want is so much the worse, as most of our crops,
principally roots and fiuil?, require much more potash
than most farm crops. This defect I try to rectify by
using wood-ashes, which, as known, contain a great
deal of potash. But I am afraid it is not many gar-
deners in England who are able to produce much
wood-ashes, and to siy the truth I do not regard it
as an advantage myself to be thus situated ; it simply
means that we still work in the old way, use big
stoves and brick flues, and for fuel use green wood as
taken from the forest. Most gardeners in England I
am sure are not used to that way of stoking, neither
are they familiar with that exclusive use of leaves and
dung for buttom-heat which is necessarily associated
with it. Certainly I do not recommend it, and I am
doing my best to get the method changed and to get coal
and hot-water pipes instead of it ; and I have within
the last few years got a couple of small boilers, for
which I use coal, but I am not quite certain about the
value of coal ashes : hitherto it has been mixed with
the wood ashes, so I have no experience of its efTects
as used alone. I have the notion that it is nearly
valueless or perhaps injurious, but should be very
thankful for information about; the matter, and
England should be a good source in this respect.
But I digress — it was to justify my interest in leaves
and ashes.

About utilizing leaves there is not much to be said
in general, it depends so much on locality. As the
soil here is stiff clay or sand, I always use them (as
hotbed manure mixed with dung) as manure direct
from the hotbeds, or after another year, according to
my requirements, and find their humus doing such good
service in bettering the physical condition of the land
that I do not care to destroy that part by mixing with
lime or other caustic materials ; but if I had a soil
already rich in humus I should very likely do so. As
recommended in the article, muriate of potash will,
in default of wood-ashes, be a good addition to leaf-
manure, as it supplies the wanting potash, and very
likely is the cheapest form in which that important
plant food can be bought. I believe I have seen
somewhere that the chlorine (which with potassium in
about equal parts make muriate of potash) contained
may be injurious, but I never saw it have that effect
when used in small quantities as an addition to other
manures. M. P. Andersen.

THE MICROVEGETATION OF

BANK NOTES*

The recent researches of Paul Reinsch in Eriangen
have revealed the occurrence, on the surfaces of the
coins of many nations, of different bacteria and two
minute algce (Chroococcus monetarum and Pleuro-
coccus monetarum, P. Reinsch), living in a thin in-
crustation of organic detritus composed especially of
starch-grains, fibres, &c., (deposited upon their surfaces
during the course of long circulation. This thin in-
crustation renders the coins very suitable for this
microvegetation, but the same phenomenon is ex-
hibited by paper money, and, indeed, by notes of
clean, and to the naked eye, unaltered surface.

I have scraped off some of these minute incrus-
tations with hollowed scalpels and needles, and
divided them into fragments in distilled water that
had been boiled shortly before, and, upon examining
them with lenses of high power (R, T. Beck's i-ioth
inch), have seen the various Schizomyceles distinctly.

I can now proceed to give a brief account of
the results I have obtained from the investigation
of the paper money. I have investigated the Hun-
garian bank and State notes, recent and old (from
the years 1S48-49), also Russian rouble notes, and
have found bacteria upon all of them, even upon the
cleanest.

On the surface of all the paper money is always to
be found the special bacterium of putrefaction, viz ,
Bacterium Termn, Dujirdin.

In the Ihin incrustations on the paper mtjncy I
ascertained the occurrence of starch-grains (especially
those of Wheat), linen and cotton fibres and animal
hairs, and, in this deposit upon the florin State notes,
the Blastomycete Saccharomyces cerevisias m full
vegetation.

Various Micrococci, Leptotriches (many with club-

shaped, swollen ends) and Bacilli are also the most
frequent plants in the deposit on the paper money.

The two new species of algoe described by Paul
Reinsch are very rare on paper money. The green
Pleurococcus cells have been observed in some cases
on I and 5 florin State notes, and the bluish-green
minute Chroococcus on the border of the 5-flotin
State notes.

The vegetation of the paper money is, according to
my researches, composed of the. following minute
plants ; —

I. Micrococcus (various forms) ; 2. Bacterium
Termo ; 3. Bacillus (various forms) ; 4. Leptothrix
(species?); 5. Saccharomyces, cerevisiae ; 6. Chroo-
coccus monetarum ; 7. Pleurococcus monetarum.
From a hygienic point of view, an investigation of ihe
commonest household objects, and especially of books,
&c., used by students, may not be superfluous. //. A',,
Alauscnlntr/^^ Hungary^ in ^^ BiiUcdn of the Tonry
Botanical Club.''''

* The Microvegiiation of Bank NoUi. By Dr. Jules
Sch aischthidt. PnvatJocent of Cryptogamic Botany and
Ana imy o' Plants, Assistant of the Botanic Institutes and
^0/ ii fjari cos, Hunga-ian Upiversityi Kolotvar.

NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NAR-
CISSUS AND ITS VARIETIES.

Many of us would like to know more of the
natural history of that variable species, N. Pseudo-
Narcissus, the Trumpet Daffodil — what varieties there
are which are really indigenous to any country, and
to the production of which cultivation has given no
help, and what is the native country of each of these
varieties, It is probable that much information
which is not at present before the public could be
given on the subject, and any addition to our present
rather scanty stock of knowledge would be welcome.
I know there are some who believe that botanical
science in this particular department has been retro-
gressive since the days of Parkinson, and with a
deference to antiquity worthy of the ancient Stoics,
think that we have only to rediscover what our
ancestors knew in order to attain perfection in know-
ledge of Daffodils. However this may be, it is well
to review what we at present know on the subject.

The wild varieties of N. Pseudo-Narcissus may for
convenience be divided into four sections: — i,
typical N. Pseudo- Narcissus ; 2, var. bicolor ; 3, self-
yellows, or so-called Spanish Daffodils; 4, white-
flowered. I have never seen a wild Daffodil which
I could not at once assign to one of these sections,
though it is easier for those who have studied Daffo-
dils to recognise them by their general appearance
than to define in writing their distinctive characters.

To speak of each section more in detail we begin
with No. I, the only section which has a truly wild
representative in Great Britain — the common Lent
Lily. Having examined an immense number of
specimens from many parts of the country I find them
vary but little, and within narrow limits. Some have
the perianth petals pure white, and some have the
trumpet darker than others, but the general type is
the same. The trumpet becomes somewhat wider
near the mouth, which is indented rather than lobed,
and generally not much reflexed, but from Ayrshire
and Dorsetshire I have had specimens from fields
where the prevailing type has the mouth widely
spread and reflexed. In two places specimens all
white and all yellow occur mixed with the common
form, but I feel sure that these are hybrids having
their origin in cultivated varieties planted with the
wild. In the South of France, near the base of the
Pyrenees, the typical form of N. Pseudo- Narcissus
varies much both in size and colour. Most of them
have the trumpet paler than in England ; sometimes
it is quite as pale as the perianth, but though the latter
is found pure white, I have never seen a white trumpet
in this class. In cultivation this section passes
through many gradations of size, under the names of
Cambricus, Telamonius, double and single, Princep?,
iS;c. ; but though some of these are naturalised in
fields and orchards, in many parts of the kingdom, I
think it probable that all arc of gaiden origin. The
form called Telamonius is found both double and
single, apparently wild, in the meadows by the Arno
in Tuscany ; but its existence along the banks ol one
river, and that often flooded, is hardly evidence of
indigenous origin. Exactly similar single and double
flowers are found growing together in orchards in
Cornwall.

Of section No. 2, the bicolor class, the best wild
original I have yet been able to find is N. muticus, or
abscissus, which grows in profusion in many parts of
Ihe lower slopes of the Pyreneesi and which io its

latger forms corresponds with some of the garden
varieties of bicolor. It flowers late, has broad and
thick leaves, and a cylindrical trumpet, hardly
enlarged, or lobed, or reflexed at the mouth. Wild
specimens have been sent to me hardly difiering from
the lorifolius, or rugilobus of gardens. Others have
the broad elephant-eared perianth characteiislic of
the cultivated bicolor ; but I have never seen any
with the perianth pure white, and only suggest this
origin in the absence of evidence of any other comirg
nearer the garden form.

In section No. 3— the self-yellows, or *' Spanish
Daffodils," as Parkinson calls ihcm — I can get no
direct evidence of any indigenous to Spain, except N.
minimus, which was found there in abundance a few
years ago by Mr. <i. Maw and Mr. IlarpurCrewe,
from whom I received bulbs. The character of ihe
section, besides culour, is the large trumpet, widely
expanded at the mouth and divided into deeply
incised lobes. Are minor and majir in this class wild
forms or gradual developments of cultivation ? With
regard to that very interesting member of this section,
the Tenby Daffodil, botanists seem always to believe
that it is an introdured plant, though it is remaikable
that until recently sent from England by Mr. Barr, the
form was not known in Holland.

Section 4, the white- flowered Daffodils, have lately
been found at a high elevation in great abundance on
the Spanish side of the Pyrenees. The variety seems
to be that known in gardens as N. cernuus. Whether
the other garden forms are developments from this in
cultivation, or whether they still remain to be found
wild, is uncertain.

The above is a summary of all the authentic infor-
mation I have been able to collect about wild varie-
ties of this species. Conjectures and theories are of
little value, but any one who can give additional
information will, by doing so, help to clear up a difii-
cult question. Unfortunately Daffodils flower at a
time when few English tourists are on the Spanish
mountains ; still, the flowering season is not short,
lasting from the beginning of February on the shores
of the Mediterranean to the middle of June at an
elevation of 7000 or 8000 feet on the Pyrenees.
C. IVoUcy Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Nov. S.

PRESERVED VEGETABLES.

The preservation of vegetables and fruit (using the
ordinary nomenclature to distinguish between tiie<e
commodities) was well represented at the Health
Exhibition, and the different methods of preservation
illustrated. The exclusion of atmospheric air from
the vessels containing them is among these methods ;
and this was effected many years ago by filling up
the vessels containing the articles to be preserved wiih
hot water or hot syrup. As long ago as 1S07 Mr.
Saddington obtained a premium from the Society of
Arts for his method with hot water without sugar. lie
placed the fruit in a vessel of cold water, and heat was
applied till it rose to the temperature of 160° to 170".
After standing in this temperature for half an hour,
the vessels were filled with boiling water to within an
inch of the top, and then hermetically sealed. Fiuit
and vegetables are still so preserved, a Htlle alum
being generally added to the water in the vessel fur
the purpose of hardening the tender skin of the fruit.
A process not very unlike the preceding is that which
consists in the destruction of the oxygen air in the
vessel by heating the substance in it. This was
M. Appert's plan, who in iSlo obtained the rew.ud
of 12,000 francs oRered by the I'rcnch Government
for the best method of preserving food. In this pro-
cess the vessels were wired and corked from the
beginning, and kept so throughout. Another process
was the artificial exhaustion of the air from the vessel.
Various patents have been taken out to cfl'cct thi-,
and in some cases arrangements were made for the
admission of carbonic acid and other gases, or salt
and water, or a warm solution of gelatine, into the
vessel to supply the place of the exhausted air.

Vegetables are very successfully preserved by heat.
Common kinds, such as Carrots, Turnips, Onions,
and Parsnips, have been put up in large quantities for
shipping purposes and exportation. It is to the
I'rench preservers, the disciples of M. Appert, that
we look for the best productions in the higher classes.
Beans, Celery, Spinach, Artichokes, Asparagus, and
especially Tomatos, arc so well preserved by the best
French manufacturers that though they lose somewhat
of their flavour they may be served by good cooks to
the most critical company ; while fur soups, entices,

November H, iS'i4.]

tnn GAkDENERS' CHkOUrCLB,

6^t

5.tews, and also for saniiihing the tins of tuaadoines,
(mixed vegetables), arc fuund most useful. But of nil
I he vegetable preserves the tinned Teas hold the
highest place. The IjcsI are preserved without any
use of copper, their colour being retained, or rather
restored, simply by a little Spinach juice. At South
Kensington Messrs. D. A, McCorquodale & Co , of
ihe Lochty Treserving V.'oiks, Carnoustie, N.U.,
exhibited Carrots, Onions, Parsnips, and other
vegetables (nescrvcd in tins. They were most excel-
lent, and having been prepared in pure spring water,
without the addition of anything whatever, many
connoisseurs considered that their flavour was actually
improved — the cause, prob.ably, of this being that the
tins being pierced {"brogged'') immediaiely after
being taken out of the hot baths, as in the case of
meat preservation, the air escapes, but the flavour
and substance is retained by their being hermetically
sealed up again. It is only within the last few d.ays
that newspaper correspondents in the Soudan have
intimated that a large supply of such vegetables would
be most acceptable "at the front."

The American preservers now send us, in tins
large quantities of preserved Tomatos, a vegetable,
(perhaps I should say "fruit") found, in some
form or other, on the table at all meals across
the Atlantic, but strangely neglected among our-
selves. They are, perhaps, somewhat inferior in
flavour to those produced in the South of France,
but their cheapness should recommend them. From
America we get, yearly, many thousands of tons of
the various sweet products of Transatlantic gardens
and orchards. In many parts of America, California,
for instance, which seems Hkely to become "the
garden of the world," fruit is a mere drug in the
market, the supply of Teaches, Apricots, and Pine-
apples, tc say nothing of what we consider more com-
mon fruits, being unlimited.

The display of jims was, as might have been ex-
pected, very extensive ; and one of the most attractive
displays in the machinery in motion department wag
the admirable plant of Messrs. Pink & Sons, who
showed the whole process of jam-making with
different fruits as they came into season. The pro-
ducts of this well-known firm are suflicient in them-
selves to recommend them to the public ; but the
method of production, as illustrated at South Ken-
sington, will doubtless lead to a still further patron-
age of their most excellent preserves, to which have
been awarded high honours. Among other jams
most worthy of notice were those ("whole fruit")
shown by Bloxall & Co., of 70, Lamb's Conduit
Street, W.C. ; and special attention should be called
to their Blackberry jam and jelly. Letters have
recently appeared in more than one of our daily con-
temporaries reflecting on the general neglect of this
fruit in many parts of the country. During a
recent visit to Ireland I noticed that this neglect wag
very general, no one apparently caring to take the
trouble of gathering of the unusual abundance of the e
berries, which hung exuberantly on the BramMts
on every hedge, and in the woods. In Yorkshire and
Lancashire there is a great demand for them, and ihe
poor gather them for the jam-makers, who retail ihe
preserve at about 6d. per pound, and seldom can
obtain a sufficient supply of fruit to meet the demand
for jam. It is more than probable that the Bramble,
if cultivated, would yield per acre a greater profit
than any other fruit shrub or tree. The systematic
cultivation of fruit for jam-making had attention
directed to it by the display of the jimg of Mr. T. \V.
Beach, who has in hand a fruit-farm of some 500
acres on the property of Lord Sudeley, at Todding-
ton, in Gloucestershire. The establishment, however,
of such an enterprise may be taken as an augury of
the future development of jam-farms, in accordance
with the advice given not long ago by Mr. Gladstone
to the British farmer. Well-made j:\m is a most
wholesome and nutritive article of food.

Desiccation. — The process of desiccation, or
drying, is far better adapted to the preservation of
vegetable than of animal substances. In this country
the 6rst recorded patent for the preservation of
vegetables by desiccation was granted in 1780 to John
Grafer, who dipped his vegetables in boiling salt and
water before drying them. In November, 1S50,
Masson obtained his patent for drying and compressing
them, so that they were reduced to one-seventh of
their original bulk, a cubic yard containing rations for
16,000 men. The French, with M. Cholct at their
head, have been very successful in this line of pre-
servation, which has been followed by several English

firms. C. Prevct & Co., of 134, Fenchurch Street,
K C. (who have now succeeded to M. Cholet's busi-
ness) Ind one of the most interesting shows in the
lixhibiiion. comprising chiefly dried vegetables, either
as "chijis" or in a compressed form, the whole dried
Savoy Cablinge being a marvellously good exhibit.
These dried vegetables, and especially those com-
pressed in tablets, have become indispensable to
sportsmen in wild districts, and to all in camp or at
sea, having been largely used in all campaigns all
over the world, since the Crimean war down to the
present Soudan expedition. Cholci's "Julienne,"
which is composed of no less than nine kinds of
vegetables and seasoning herbs, according to the
recipe of the late f/icf, A. Soyer, is a most useful and
tasteful combination ; and the condensed vegetable
soups of the firm are in every respect most admirable
productions. And it may not be out of place here to
mention their compressed "Bologna meat," known
by the name of " Mortadella," which is all that the
most fastidious i^ournut can desire. Another admir-
able vegetable preservation at South Kensington was
Edward's desiccated Potatos, exhibited by F. King iS:
Co., 6, Bishopsgate Avenue, E.C., which are easily
converted into dishes of "mashed Potato" without
any loss of mineral salts and acid, as testified to in a
Blue-book recently presented to Parliament, and con-
taining a report of the committee on the outbreak of
scurvy in the Arctic expedition, which shows the
necessity of the Potato element in diet. This pre-
paration, and the desiccated soups of the same firm,
were largely used in Mr. Stanley's African expedi-
tions, and have been abundantly supplied to the
troops on the Nile expedition. Considering the high
price generally charged by greengrocers for vegetables,
and the waste in utilising them in almost every house-
hold, all housekeepers, even the poor, would pro-
bably do well to turn their attention to dried
vegetables, and experimentise upon them. "When
soaked and carefully boiled they will be found not
only economical in their use, but excellent in soups
and stews, and even for eating with roast or boiled
meat in lieu of ordinary fresh vegetables. J. J.
Maniey^ in the " Journal of ihe Socicly of Arts,''''

CASTLE HILL.

The Forlesciies, allhough not found at home, like
the Crewses, "when the Conqueror came," have
been settled in North Devon since the eleventh cen-
tury, and now Lord P^ortescue has around him at
Castle Hill no less than 20,000 acres of good Devon
soil. Sir John Fortescue, who was Lord Chancellor
in 1461, and who was powerful enough, albeit a
Lancastrian, to tell some home truths anent the Eng-
lish monarchy to the fourth Edward, was botn seven
miles off, at Barnstaple.

The old seat of the Buurchiers, Tawstock, is only
about three miles up the Taw from the town favoured
of the hero of Brunanburgh. This corner of Devon
must then have had an important share in the govern-
ment of the realm. Chief Justice Fortescue had but
a mean opinion of the French, for, saith he, " Where-
fore it is right seld that Frenchmen be hangyd for
robbarye, for that they have no hertys to do so
terryble an acle." Also it is this " lack of hartes and
corage that kepith the French men from rysyng." All
the Fortescues have been good men and true, and
prime favourites around Exmoor, where a parson,
unless he can shoot flying, like " Parson Bowden,"
and follow the chiming hounds after the wild red deer,
is not of the approved pattern, and where an argit-
iiicnfiiin hacuii»u!ii could, until far into our degenerate
days, always be counted on at Dulverton Revels or
South Molton Market.

The hereditary mansion of the familyat Castle Hill
is built at the sunny foot of a woody knoll, and is a
rectangular building, of which the length is double or
triple the breadth. The east and west wings of the
long south front are built in the same style, and pro-
ject slightly from the centre mass of building. The
ground facing is a gentle ascent flanked by two
shallow and fertile dales, one on either side, aduwn
the eastern of which flows the Bray, where
salmon harbour as well as trout. Immediately in
front of the house, looking strighl up from the south
front, is a stretch of greensward, culminating in a
green drive or avenue, which is closed at the turn of
the upward undulation by a triumphal arch.

There arc some parks that attract the fancy more
than those which are far larger, of which this is one.
Within its confines are no avenues like the Long

Walk at Windsor, nor no Heaven's Gale as at Long-
leat; but it has a quiet peaceful beauty unsuggeslive
of grandeur that strikes a sympalhclic cord in Engii-h
hearts. Besides the glancing stream of the Bray, a
tributary of it with plashy and sedgy brim, along
which the village children have right of way, also
winds through Ihe park. The red Devon cattle
which crop the herbage are the most cllective of all
in a landscape. In the near distance the church
spire shoots up heavenward, and is seen through Ihe
embowering trees. And on the western side of this
par.idisc, high above the tributary stream, is the
hithermost shoulder of Oxford Down, russet-hued.
and topped with scattered Firs. In the rear the la 1
Beech trees come close up to and seem to overshadow
the house. In the park some trees are old and in a
slate of decay, but the majority are tall and vigorou-,
as befits a fertile soil. The finest arc the Chestnuts,
two very tall ones having girths of 17 feet and
23 feet 6 inches, 6 feet up the trunk. The bulk c f
trees that cover the eminence behind the house hide
the deer park from the view which trends northward
and towards Exmoor, across a pleasant upland,
broken up by timbered coombes, as these Devon
valleys are called.

The pleasure-grounds were formed in 1740, by
which lord I do not know, but "Si inoiiiimenlum
qu,eris rircuimpice " is true to the very letter in his
case. The flower garden doubtless has been altered,
but the peaceful walks among the Beechen glades are
very much as they were in the past. These wind up
and around, in constant convergence and divergence,
the umbrageous convex knoll at the foot of which the
house is built. Round the base on the west side flo«s
the tributary of the Bray. A short distance from the
house, at a point where some Vews overshadow the
stream, a path follows the winding of the banks.
Following this path you come to a grove of old Yews
that darken the surface of the stream below, and stand,
as it were, as grim guardians of the " Sybil's cave."
Close adjoining is an ancient moss-grown stone bridge
green with Ferns in every cranny. The scene has the
impress of a bygone time, and must have been a
quaint device of some Elizabethan Fortescue. The
valley further on is thickly studded with trees, and the
walks that stretch up it are bordered by the perfection
of woodland greenery. All the world wots of Exmoor
Ferns and mosses, and here they are to be found in
their element. The trees are chiefly Beech, and one
huge fellow, standing sidewards in a natural dell, is a
monarch amongst his fellows. Artificiality is nowhere
apparent, albeit the walks extend for between two or
three miles in this direction. The paths which lead 10
the top of the knoll are all springy and moss-grown, and
edged on both sides — i.e., upwards and downwards —
with masses of Blechnum spicant and other Fern=,
and the most lovely mosses imaginable. Furthtr
back, under the Beeches, the ground is covered
with Whortleberries and Rhododendrons, a carpet
of seedlings growing under and around them.
Half-way up is an old stone cross with an inscrip-
tion to the effect that the beauty of the scene
ought to turn the thoughts Godward. It is well
needed too, for though George Herbert might hava
found here the peace he sought for, yet full many,
like Charles, Duke of Orleans, would retire here
when disgusted with the ways of Courts, and setk
"/.; Dim Nonchaloir." Higher up is "Sunset
Temple," from which the distant sea is visible, the
intervening ground being a true Devonshire coomb.
On the summit is a sham castle, which, erected in
the last century, is now moulded by Nature into
conformity with the scene around. From here is a
m.agnificent prospect down the Bray valley on one
side, and on the other over the deer park. There is
no county like Ijevonshire, and there are few more
peaceful scenes than this. And though Ihe ascent is
but slight, the picture obtained is one of great love-
liness, and as fine as that from more renowned
mountain heights. Numerous pretty walks, but not
of the like sweet woodland character, lead down the
north side of the knoll. About half-way down
another pilaslercd temple is met with. Eastward of
this is a broad expanse of lawn, with numerous
fine Conifers ; a Douglas Fir, said to be So feet
high, and a very old I'inus insignis, are the roost
noticeable.

Along the south front of the mansion is a large
terraced flower garden, with a balustraded wall next
the park. This garden is extremely well designer!,
and Ihe quantity of bedding and other plants very
large, and very harmoniously arranged, Iiih

652

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

Yews stand at frequent intervals like sentinels,
and contrast with the rotund looking Biotas. A
gracefully carved stone scat is " erected to the memory
of my dear old hereditary friend, E. S. Drive, the
squire of Grange ; generous, frank, genial ; a staunch
Whig, a good landlord and sportsman ;" on the
opposite side is another of the same pattern. I would
like to linger and describe this elegant though formal
garden at further length, but fear it might be wearying
to the reader.

The kitchen garden is close to the house, and
although an old site it has been remodelled and
greatly extended within the last ten years. It has a
direct southern exposure, and is well protected on the
north and north-east sides. The soil is fertile and
the crops of every kind are of excellent quality and
quantity. The fruit trees are mostly young and fresh
planted, and those on the dwarfing stocks.

The plant-houses are many and contain clean well
grown specimens of Clerodendron Balfouranum
Phyllanthus nivosus,and Phal^enopsis amabilis, Ixoras
and Crotons, and other popular subjects. A Peach
wall, 350 feet long, has been covered with glass, the
enclosed space being 10 feet in width at the ground
level ; this is one of the most imposing houses in the
garden, the trees in which are mostly young. The
varieties grown include most of the sorts cultivated in
England. Pines have been for a long time grown
well here, the house devoted to them is 160 feet long
and is divided into five divisions, and is double-glazed
at the sides to prevent the escape of heat. A more
magnificent and healthy lot of plants it would be hard
to find, the Smooth Cayennes averaging at a low
estimate 7 lb. The good crop of fruit on the trees
in the quarters has already been alluded to ; that on
the walls is equally abundant.

I had intended to walk from Castle Hill to Malms-
mead, following the route of Master Jeremy Stickles.
For who can resist revisiting, when breathing the
same air, the spots made so famous by our great
pomologist, Mr. Blackmore ? However, the attrac-
tions of Lord Fortescue's beautiful domain were so
many that it was mid-day before a start was made.
C A. M. CannichacL

FERNERY AND ORCHID-HOUSE

AT WOOLTON WOOD.

Many of our large gardens have a planted-out
rockery or a fernery under glass, and that part of the
establishment always comes m for a large share of
admiration. This is not to be wondered at, for the
Palms, Ferns, and other plants employed in their
embellishment, when left to grow naturally, have so
much more beauty than is found when they are
arranged in pots, which is in a great degree owing
to their more luxuriant growth. Our illustration
(fig. Ill) gives a view in Mr. Holbrook Gaskell's
fernery at Woolton Wood, near Liverpool, whose
garden was described in our issue of Oct. 4, p. 436.
Our illustration, of course, gives but a glimpse of a
portion of the house, and fails to present the interest-
ing caves and rocky terraces beyond, which are clad
with such a profusion of loveliness. The illustration
fig. 112 gives a group of plants in the Orchid-house,
showing some of the fine Phaltenopsis which are so
well grown at Woolton Wood.

HERBACEOUS PEONIES.

These very gorgeous subjects are not half so much
planted as they should be ; this, I am convinced, is
owing to the comparative amount of ignorance
amongst gardeners respecting them — I mean as
regards the charming variation now obtainable. Of
course their value as garden ornaments is patent to
all who have seen a fairly representative collection.
Some of the varieties, especially the white, primrose,
and yellow-shaded kinds, usually exhale a very
agreeable perfume. The delicate shades of pink
exhibited are also very beautiful, while the deep
reds and crimsons are most imposing. There are
few gardens which should be without a fair number
of them, while in large gardens they should be well
represented, for well-established large clumps present
a most attractive appearance, resembling — as, indeed,
they were once named and admired in a leading
provincial show (I will not mention where) — as
"big Roses"; but they appear before the queen of
flowers.

While, however, I would strongly recommend them

to all interested in hardy flowers, I would urge the
importance of judicious planting as regards position.
For example, do not plant special beds or blocks
of them, or such spaces will be devoid of floral
display during a large portion of the year ; the
proper place for them is in the mixed border, shrub-
bery, or woodland, where, when in bloom, their gor-
geous beauty will be thoroughly appreciated, and yet
when they put off their gay dress there will not be the
appearance of excessive barrenness. Where old stools
exist, it is desirable to treat them liberally to manure
at the present time — in my opinion preferable to
doing so in the spring. It is an excellent plan to
remove a spit of soil from the plants, and place a

planting in such, see that some loose free soil
is placed about the roots, and well worked amongst
them, so that the young ones can by hold of
it, and thus get partially-established previous to
rooting into the less congenial stiff soil. If stiff
lumps of the latter are placed against the roots
it is more than probable that hollows will occur,
affording ready means for severe frosts to cripple, if
not destroy them altogether. Having accomplished
the planting, nothing more will be required until
spring, when the young shoots will require staking,
and it is advisable to get this done early, as they
grow rapidly, and being rather fleshy are liable to be
easily broken off or injured by wind.

Fig, III.— view in fer.very at mr. gaskell's, woolto.n wood.

good supply of rotten manure about the roots, after-
wards putting the soil back in its proper place. This
method is much belter than digging manure indiscri-
minately about the plants, especially if the soil is light
and gravelly, as mucli of the goodness is thus lost to
the plants. Where fresh plantings are intended, no
time should be lost in making them. They are not
fastidious as regards soil, but do best in a good hold-
ing loam, in which there will be less need of manure
than wilh light sandy soil ; with the latter an abun-
dance of manure is absolutely necessary to ensure
success.

In all cases it is desirable to trench or deeply
dig the ground as the roots are large, fleshy, and
grow very rapidly, consequently freeness of soil at
once suggests itself. And here let me offer a hint,
in cases where stift or clayey soil exists : when

The number of varieties to select from is now very
large, and there are also several natural forms and
types or species which are well worth grow-
ing. Indeed, I think some of them are very
showy : for example, P. tenuifolia, with finely-
divided foliage and deep crimson flowers ; the
double form of this is one of the best border
flowers in cultivation. Corallina produces single
reddish-pink flowers, and is very handsome. Wit-
manniana is a single yellow- flowered, very beautiful
plant, and, unfortunately, far too rare. Indeed it
was almost lost to cultivation, but I am informed
some good patches of it have been found in some old
gardens in Ireland, and we are likely to see more of
it in a few years.

Pottsii and the white variety, Whitleyi oflicinalis,
and its double form (the common double crim-

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

653

son so freely met with in gardens), the typical sinensis
arietina, paradoxa, and Browni are all handsome
kinds, well worth the trouble and space required for
them. But when one comes to the almost innumer*
able varieties now cflered by English and Continental
firms, which are mainly the progeny of albiflora,
sinensis, and officinalis, it is perplexing. Fresh varie-
ties, the result of hybridisation, are constantly finding
their way into the market, so that one collection known
to the writer contains nearly 400 named kinds ; but
it is doubtful whether a fourth of them are really
distinct. The following varieties are all really good
and distinct ; — Alba superba, creamy white — very
double and large ; Artemise, rich purplish-pink,

and tipped with white ; lutescens, outer petals
creamy-white, yellow at the base, inner ones yellow,
the staminodes olten carmine, sweetly scented — a
charming form, very dwaif and free; Monsieur Rous-
selon, outer petals rich pink, inner ones blush, flaked
carmine ; Marshal MacMahon, deep purple-crimson
— immense and very double ; Marie Lemoine, deli-
cate rose-pink and white ; Queen \'ictoria, salmon-
rose outside, the centre blush and white, frequently
flaked carmine — very large and exquisite ; Souvenir
de Gasper Calo, purplish-rose, blushed and edged
with white; Washington, dark rose, the centre some-
times carmine-flaked ; Wellington, rich sulphur self
— very double and large. T,

Fig. 112. — VIEW in orchid-house at mr. gaskell's, woolton wood. - (see p. 652.)

tipped white — very full ; Beaute Fran9aise, pale
pink, tipped white, and often feathered crimson — a
most beautiful variety ; Caroline Allain, petals
soft blush, sulphur base, tipped white ; Charles
Binder, rich lilac-purple — immense ; Charles Van
Geert, pure white — very large and double ; Dr.
Calot, very pale blush or salmon, sometimes tipped
carmine — a most charming variety ; Clarisse, rosy-
pink, deeper at the base ; Dr. Brettoneau, Anemone-
flowered, white, slightly blush at the base ; Duchesse
d'Orleans, Anemone-flowered, outer petals rosy-lake,
inner ones salmon-rose — very fine ; Eugene Verdier,
rosy-pink, pale centre — very large ; grandiflora alba,
immense double white, sometimes crimson-tipped ;
grandiflora carnea, soft flesh ; grandiflora triumphans,
pale pink, shading off to nearly white — a grand
variety ; Madonna, deep rose, centre petals feathered

DELPHINIUMS.

These rank amongst the showiest and most distinct
of hardy perennials, and the outdoor garden, without
them, is like a conservatory without Camellias,
and is short at their season of a unique kind of
beauty, for there are no other plants which can take
their place. I refer now more particularly to the
many beautiful garden varieties which have been
so easily obtained through the cross breeding of
normal and hybrid forms — some are double, others
semi-double, while some of the handsomest are single
flowered. I do not disdain any, but love and grow the
old species by whatever name known, but for general
garden ornamentation the palm must be given to the
hybrid forms, than whom no one perhaps did more to
make known than Mr. Robert Parker, late of the Exotic

Nurseries, Tooting, who had in his time an excel-
lent collection. There is not much difliculty attending
their culture, as they are by no means fastidious. Like
most flowers they have a few dislikes — such as abso-
lute shade, very wet, stiff, undrained soil— and they
do not hold their own against a strong muster of
slugs. The last I find their greatest enemy, espe-
cially the small black leathery creature ; these com-
pletely destroy the plants by eating away the buds as
fast as they appear, and I have found it sometimes a
difficult matter to get rid of them. The "early bird
catches the worm," and no method for eradicating
them is so sure as examine the plants at break of
day, and when secured, drop the depredators in a jar
of brine. Delphiniums revel in a good depth of soil
— rich sandy loam, to wit, and plenty of rotten
manure — then you will get stems like walking-sticks.
The finest Delphiniums I ever saw were at Mr. Joseph
Stevens' garden, at Byfleet, in soil of this character,
which had been well trenched and manured, they were
magnificent, and I believe they still are in the same place.
So when planting fresh stock, do not simply stick them
in the ground with a trowel, but take a spade and
dig two spits deep, burying good rotten manure at the
same time, after which put the plants in. Where the
ground is free from slugs, and good strong plants can
be obtained, I should recommend them to be planted
as early as possible ; but if these conditions do not
obtain, it will be better to pot them, and keep in a
cold frame until the young growth is 3 or 4 inches
high in spring, when a much greater chance of suc-
cess may be expected. It will be best to defer
dividing already established roots until they commence
growth in spring. Young cuttings taken oft' with
a heel will root pretty freely in a close frame or cool
house, and produce good plants the same season if
planted out. It is important that staking should be
done early, as the young stems are very fleshy and
liable to break off. When the flower-spikes are past
their best, have them removed so as not to allow
seed to ripen, as this not only exhausts the plants to
no purpose (unless seed is required) but prevents an
early second crop of flowering stems making their
appearance, which is the case if the first stems are
quickly cut away.

I might name many varieties of the first order, but
the following occur to me on the spur of the moment,
which I know to be well worth growing and not at all
difificult. Single flowered : — Belladonna, pale azure-
blue, a dwarf and very charming free-flowering kind ;
Agamemnon, deep blue, with metallic centre, very
vigorous ; Enchantress, azure-blue, with bronzy-rose
centre, producing magnificent spikes ; Madame
Chate, sky-blue, white centre, very large flower ;
Gloire de St. Maude, brilliant marine-blue, suffused
with pink, immense spike, one of the finest varie-
ties ; Pulchrum, lavender, white centre, very free ;
Barlowi, dark blue, shaded bronzy-red, dwarf,
and very effective ; Henderson!, brilliant blue,
white centre, dwarf and free ; Nahamah,
bright glistening blue, crimson shaded ; Madame
Richalet, cobalt-blue, rose-tipped and suffused.
Double and semi-double varieties :— Arc en Ciel,
sky-blue, very double ; Pompon Brilliant, violet-
blue, lilac centre, very double, and a dense spike ;
Ranuncuteflorum, lilac, the edges sky-blue, very free.
Triomphe de Poissey, sky-blue, suffused rose, semi-
double, very large ; Globe, pale lavender, white
centre, very double ; Herman Stenger, violet-blue,
centre rosy-lilac, very double and free ; Keteleeri,
pale blue, suffused lilac, grand spike ; Jules Bour-
geoise, amethystine-blue, pink flushed, very double,
one of the best I have ever seen. R.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

That there are still many of our choicest open-air
autumn flowers gay with perfect blossoms in spite of
our being now in the middle of November, we are
reminded by a small collection of border flowers
from Mr. Paul's nursery at Broxbourne, where they
are grown on the rock garden. Of these Aster
grandiflorus had still undimmed purple flower-heads
with a bold yellow ray ; a showy plant in masses in a
border, or, still better, in a bed on the turf Somewhat
of the same colour, but with an eye bolder and larger,
was Erigeron glaucus. The yellow Achillea tomen-
tosa, another plant good for rockeries, with orange
flowers. The delicate Iris stylosa, of the colour of the
Neapolitan Violet, and large Linaria grandiflora, with
a dark purple inflorescence of miniature Snapdragons ;
the yellow Crocus-like Sternbergialutea, of an unusual
colour in autumn-blooming bulbs. The pale purple
Cheiranthus mutabilis, which Mr. Paul states had
been blooming on the rockery for a whole year. A
gem is Geum miniatum, orange-scarlet in colour ; and,
last and least. Cyclamen grsecum, a pink and carmine
bloom, small, but grateful at this season,

651

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

LNuVEMrCR 22, 1SS4,

lloticfs 01 goohs.

Les Plantes des Alpes. By II. Cotrevon,
Direcleurdujardin d'Acclimaiation, < lentvc.

The name of M. Correvon is already familiar to
readers of the Gardeners' Clironicle as the writer of
some useful notes on the cultivation of alpine plants,
founded on an experience gained whilst curator of the
Botanic Gardens at Geneva. He his now given us,
in French, a small bonk on the same subject, con-
taining some 260 pages of post Svo, printed in
large clear type.

The Jardin d'Acclimatation of Geneva was insti-
tuted last year, and seems likely to play an important
part in the distribution of alpine plants. M. Correvon
tells us that a few lovers of flowers, amongst whom
he seems to have been the leading spirit, being
horrified at the enormous number of alpine plants
which are every year dug up in the Alps by tourists
of all nations, and taken home when in full flower
only to die, thought this the best remedy. "This
new horticultural establishment," he says, " has for
its object the raising of large quantities of the choicest
alpines, to offer them to amateurs at a low price. We
hope to be able to supply foreign nurserymen with
these plants from seed, so they will have no more
occasion to get their stock from the mountains."

After a hundred pages about the origin, and dis-
tribution, and native conditions of alpine plants, we
come to the more practical part of the book, which
concerns their selection and their cultivation. The
flora of the Alps, we are reminded, is the richest in
the world, containing about 230 species of flowering
plants, which are found nowhere else. iVI. Correvon
estimates that out of about 900 species of flowers
found in the alpine districts upwards of 700 are worth
cultivating. About fifty of these have hitherto defied
all attempts to tame them, but even of these M.
Correvon does not despair. Perhaps half of the
remainder may strictly be called mountain or rock
plants, but besides these we have a catalogue of all
the best rock plants in cultivation from all the moun-
tains in the world. These are all arranged according
to their botanical orders, and the soil and aspect in
which each is to be planted are given. We extract
two examples of the way in which the directions are
given : —

Polygala ehajiuehixus, — A somewhat capricious
plant ; sometimes it grows very well in ordinary soil,
provided it has shade, whilst in other cases no care
or precautions will make it grow. In general it prefers
bog soil, moisture, and sunshine. I have raised it
from seed, and cultivate it in light soil mixed with
sphagnum.

Gypsophila repens. — Indigenous to limestone rocks,
but it grows so readily that one meets with it every-
where, even on granile. It is one of the best of
rockery plants ; it flowers from May to November,
and suits itself to all soils and all aspects. It is also
a useful basket plant, because of its long hanging
branches, which are very elTeclive when loaded with
fljwers.

These extracts are sufficient to show the style of
the book ; for the cultivation of some plants we have
more precise and detailed directions. All who grow
alpines know how difficult a plant Soldanella alpina
is — not to make grow, but to make flower, and it is
interesting to read the minuie details cf the plan by
which M. Correvon succeeded in making it flower
well.

The chapters which deal with the formation of
rockeries and alpine beds cannot fail to be read with
interest. We are rightly told that many alpines may
be grown quite as successfully in level borders as on
steep rockeries, provided the conditions of drainage
and soil are suitable ; if the soil is heavy and wet
these defects may be remedied by the bed being
raised 2 feet above the ground level, though it is
not wet, but stagnant wet, which hurls alpines. \Ve
cannot, however, entirely agree with M. Correvon in
the directions he gives for the formation of a rockery,
when he speaks of cementing the stones together.
.Stones for a rockery ought to be so fitted as to inter-
lock firmly without any possibility of their either
sinking or slipping, and ought not to depend on the
soil, or on mortar, for being kept in their places.
There is one more point to which we would direct
the special attention of those interested in the growth
of alpines — the way in which old walls may be
utilised for this purpose. In the concUi ling chapter
of the work we have this subject treated ol in such
a way as to make us wish we could convert all our

boundary walls into alpine gardens. We are told on
the last page that the growth of alpines is ** more a
question of suitable conditions of soil than anything
else," and we may say that every year's experience
lends more to convince us of (he truth of this maxim.

HERBACEOUS OR MIXED

BORDERS AND BEDS.

It is to be hoped that the fashion of ribbon borders
and beds, planted or filled with, only a few kinds of
plants, is now over, and that we shall in future see
more variety in our gardens, which mixed borders
and beds will afford, as instead of the red, white, and
blue in endless long lines, or great masses of yellow
and scarlet that may be seen afar otT and taken in at
a glance.

We have scores of perennials, biennials, and annuals
that will make a fine show, and afford fresh interest
nearly all the year through ; very early in the spring there
are hosts of bulbs that send up their gay flowers, and
thesearesucceededquickly by tuberous-rooted and other
herbaceous pkintstill quite late intheautumn orwinter.
Even now Anemones are quite gay, and so indifferent
are they to cold and frost that I have seen them with
their many-coloured blossoms peeping up through the
snow, and only waiting for the sunshine to unfold
their bright petals, while later on the same plants
have been radiant with bloom, which has been so
thick as to almost cover the ground. Besides
Anemones just now there is the Sternbergia, or
Amaryllis lutea, with its rich yellow Crocus-like
flowers, that seems proof against all kinds of weather,
as they nestle among the foliage and brave the most
pitiless storms. The same may be said of the Christ-
mas Roses, which are earlier than usual this season,
as many are now in, the first being Ilelleborus niger
maxima, which is the finest and best of them all.
Although these Hellebores do so well in some places
they refuse to grow in others, either from unsuitability
of soil or situation, and yet they may be found
flourishing equally well in quite heavy loam and in very
light peat. The position that seems to agree with
them most is on the margin of a Rhododendron bed,
as, like the generality of plants with thick leathery
leaves, they seem fond of shade, and do not get robbed
by the roots of trees. Following closely on the heels
of the Hellebores comes the Winter Aconite, bidding
defiance to frost and cold, then follow the lovely Squills
and Snowdrops, succeeded quickly by theCrocus, Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other bulbs that set the garden
aglow. If these are not yet planted it is high time
they were in the ground, where they will be making
root and feeding the embryo flowers that are now
formed within.

The way the Hyacinths and Tulips look best is in
clumps of three or more, placed triangularly, as then
they make a fine show. The smaller kinds need plant-
ing thicker in circular patches, and when putting Ihem
in, especially where the soil is at all stiff, it is a good
plan to throw a pinch of sand over each, so as to insure
free drainage, and thus save them from rot. Tri-
teleia laxa and T. biflora are two beautiful spring
flowering bulbous plants that should be planted now,
the first-named having spikes of Tyrian-purple flowers,
the shape of those of the Agapanthus, which are first-
rate for cutting. Alstnimerias, too, afford plenty of
flowers for the same purpose, and are among the
most showy and useful things any one can grow,
sending up, as they do, numerous spikes, bearing
large heads of lovely Lily-like blooms that last long
in perfection. The place that suits the Alstmmerias
best is a warm sunny border, where they should have
deep sandy soil, and he planted 6 inches below the
surface, and then mulched with half rotten leaves or
cocoa-nut fibre, !o keep out the frost from the tubers,
which, after a time, run down low enough to lake
care of themselves. Tritoma aurea does well, treated
in the same way, or the bulbs may be lifted annually
when ripe, and replanted again in the spring, but
when dug up they should be kept buried in dry earth
or sand. Belladonna Lilies are grand, but, like
the Alstromerias, they require a dry soil and a
warm sunny position, for them to do well. The
right time to plant the bulbs is now, and they should
be put in 6 inches deep ; and when the young leaves
appear in the spring it is advisable to protect the
clumps by placing a handlight over each, as their
free blooming depends very much on the foliage they
make, and if this is not protected it is apt to get cut
by the frost. Plants of doubtful hardiness, such as
Pentstemons, Anihuriums, &c , should have cuttings

put in from them, or one of a sort lifted, potted up,
and wintered in frames, ready for propagating from
Uter on ; but the earlier they are struck the better
they do.

Many dig their mixed borders and beds ; but
except occasionally, when division of the plants and
a rearrangement is necessary, it is not a good plan,
and if carried out needs to be done with great care,
as plants get displaced and injured by having their
main roots disturbed, which being so, it is far better
to top-dress with very rotten dung and fresh soil, and
leave it to lie on the surface, where it will not only
protect the exposed crown, but feed and nourish the
plants. 7. S.

ai[(lg fi;iiit i|ard(;n.

Let there be no delay in transplanting any trees
which require it, and it will lax the tree much less i(
the remaining leaves are cut oft at planting time ; and
see that the tree is securely staked. Now is a good
time to make a plantation of Raspberries. They
prefer a meilium soil, and somewhat shaded
rather than otherwise. Carter's Prolific and Baum-
forth's Seedling are two excellent kinds, but if the soil
is very stiff, Prince of Wales does best. It should
ever be borne in mind that the Raspberry is a surface-
rooting plant, therefore do not plant deep. Tie up
at once, but do not cut the tops off till the spring :
the frost, if severe, punishes them terribly it the knife
has been used, so defer the final pruning till February
or March. Spread rotten manure or half-decayed
leaves between the rows, but do not dig between them
for any reason. If Couch has found its way into the
ground, of course that must be forked out, or it will
overrun the entire plantation and impoverish it.

This is an excellent time to manure Strawberry
plantations, more especially those which are two or
three years old. If manure is brought fresh from the
stables, and spread between the rows, one is rewarded
v/ith a good crop of fruit in the following year, but
there comes also a crop of Oats and grass, &c., from
seeds contained in the manure, but if it is partially
healed the vitality of seeds of all kinds is destroyed,
and the nutriment left for the plants is not much
diminished. Do not dig between the rows ; mmy a
plantation is half ruined by this being djne, seeing
that most of the roots are cut olf by the operation.
Oftentimes the Strawberry, especially on light soils,
sutlers with the grub of the Burnished I'.rass and other
moths ; a good dressing with soot then is most bene-
ficial in killing the grub if put on rather plentifully
during the winter, and it will wash well do.vn to the
roots with the rains.

In most cases the Fig trees, after Ihe glorious
summer and autumn which we have had, are well
ripened, and will withstand any ordin.ity frost ; but
in a case of ill-ripened groivth they should be
covered with straw. Fern, or malting, but do not prune
them on any account till next March.

Filberts and Cob-nuts may now be planted, and, if
necessary, they may be put in under the partial shide
of other fruit trees. The pruning of mature bushes
may be pushed forward, taking great care to leave
plenty of catkins— the male blossoms, which, if after-
wards considered to be overcrowded, can have the
wood removed next April, wh?n the blossoms are set.
Now is the proper time to plant Currants of all
kinds. It is well to plant various kinds— early, mid-
season, and late— thus prolonging their season, and
some are hardier than oihc-rs. The south, or the
partially shaded side of other trees suits them best j
but in the North it is otherwise, but seeing that the
original plant is found wild in our woods, a great
bl.aze of sun is not conducive to their well-being. The
same treatment exactly suits Gooseberries. In dis-
tricts where woods abound tlu tomtit and bullfinch,
and near our towns Ihe spurow, will attack these
bushes with great persistency, so that we recommend
the pruning of these to be deferred till the spring.
Manure can be wheeled in between the rows to for-
ward the work, but defer the pruning.

Plant Walnut, Mulberry, (Quince, Medlar, and
Spanish Chestnut in sunny places, remembering that
they are natives of warmer climates th.an England,
and need all the encourageirient we can give them
both for the maturing of their wood and the crop.
7. A'hj/, /■:ri,ln- Cus/i'e, S/isse.v.

NOVIMBKR 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

655

}^F(UIT3 IfJNDZF} 'Cj,LA33.

Strawberries. — Giving to the continuance of
mild weather there has been no necessity for moving
the plants from their summer quarters, but now the
lime has arrived when we may expect severe frosts
they will be safer if placed in their winter quartets.
No pains should be spared to preserve the balls of
soil in a moist, healthy state, and prevent the roots
from injury from parching droughts ; and therefore
we would again remind gardeners of the utility of
plunging the pots. Advantage sh^iuUl bo taken ol
their period of rest to top-dress them ; this should be
done when the soil is moderately moist, but by no
means when they are sulliciently wet that the ram-
ming of the compost would cause the surface to paste.
With a pointed stick carefully remove about half an
inch of the surface and replace it with fresh compost,
which must be firmly pressed. The compost should
consist of good loam, mixed with about a fifth part
of dried horse-droppings or dried cow-dung, and a
small portion of soot or bone meal. Some persons
object to top-dressing, on the ground that surface
roots are disturbed ; but although this is the case, no
injury from it accrues, as the plants when placed in
warmth readily form new roots, and are stimulated by
the rich compost ; and if the practice of top-dressing
.Strawberries is detrimental, that for Vines, Figs, and
Peaches must be so likewise, for the same principle is
involved in each case. About the last week in this
month a batch of plants should be started to yield
fruits in March ; Vicomtesse II. de Thury, or Keens'
Seedling, may be selected for this purpose. We do
not recommend the system of plunging the pots in
heat, having discontinued the plan, because it pro-
motes root growth in advance of leaf development, and
to which a check is given when the plants are removed
to the shelves. In the early stages forcing must be
carried on in a very gentle way, only enough fire-
heat being used to maintain a night warmth of 50^, or
5° less during cold weather, and a day temperature of
5° higher ; slight ventilation must be allowed when-
ever the weather is mild, and advantage should be
taken of sunny days to close early, and dew the
plants overhead with tepid rain-water. Successions
should be brought forward to meet requirements, and
an early Peach-house will do for this purpose if no
other suitable place can be found.

Pines. — The time has come when little aid will be
received from sun-heat, and the desired warmth must
be furnished by artificial means — a state of things
Pines are very impatient of and which, therefore, call
for vigilance, in order to keep the plants in perfect
health. The maintenance of suitable temperatures
(which were given in the preceding Calendar for the
several sections of plants during their season of rest)
ii a matter of first importance, as extremes of tem-
perature would prove disastrous if too high, the plants
rapidly becoming drawn and weakened during
the short dull days when ventilation can rarely be
given. Whilst on the other hand if the temperatures
are too low a chill will be occasioned, to which no
subjects are more susceptible. When frosts are
severe and the fires have to be driven to keep up the
heat, the bottom-heat (when that is obtained from
hot-water pipes or tanks) is likely to become too high
unless close attention is paid to the regulation of the
valves. If structures can be covered at night suitable
internal conditions will be maintained to the welfare
of the plants. Attention has already been called to
the utility of keeping the glass clean, where the
houses or pits are situated near soot-producing
premises : in such places they want washing down fre-
quently. Another matter of importance at any time,
but particularly so in winter, is to guard against water
lodging in the hearts of the plants, and overhead
syringings having been discontinued, and humidity
only caused in moderation by damping the paths
and walls, in preference to using evaporating troughs,
so that moisture does not condense heavily on the
roof and cause dripping, this should not happen.
The most injury arises from negligence in seeing to
the painting and glazing, and the water being cold
causes much mischief. Attention has recently been
called by a contemporary to a new Pine-apple
of large dimensions, which, if it should prove
to be of high flavour combined with other good
qualities will doubtless be eagerly sought after. I
have but limited experience of new varieties, and
cannot speak very highly of those I have fruited,

whilst, judging from what I hear of them, and their
rare appearance at exhibitions, I am inclined to think
they are not likely soon to supersede our best kinds.

Vines. — Owing to the weather having remained
mild, forcing has begun under favourable conditions,
as only a small amount of fire-heat has been requisite.
When the buds of pot \'ines begin to burst, a rise in
the temperature of a few degrees may be allowed, but
this must be done cautiously by opening the valves
a little in the morning, and reducing again in the
afternoon, so that the warmth falls to 5S' at night ;
a gentle but steady increase ol heat should accompany
the development of the plants, and disbudding be
proceeded with, as the strongest and most fruitful
growths can be distinguished. Overhead syringing
may be discontinued as soon as all the buds burst
into growth, but the floors and beds must be moist-
ened as is found necessary to maintain a healthy state
of the air. \'entilating should be done on fine days,
when the temperature reaches 70°, and where the pots
are plunged in heat regulate it so that it keeps near
75°. For permanent Vines started at the com-
mencement of the month keep a low temperature
until their buds make perceptible progress,
when a minimum night warmth of 55° may
be maintained, while that for the day may
range 10° higher, and reach 70^ from sun-heat.
Where fermenting material is employed inside the
house it should be turned daily. If outside borders
have been covered with a firm thick layer of dry
leaves and protected from rain, no additional mate-
rial will be necessary, but those who prefer a more
violent healing material should make additions to it
regularly, to prevent the temperature from becoming
low, otherwise, if the roots are in their proper place
— near the surface of the border — a check sufficient
to cause serious disappointment may be occasioned.
Pains should be taken to keep the buds belonging to
Vines that are tied in a horizontal position level with
each other, so that they may be induced to break into
growth simultaneously. I have frequently observed
that when the buds on one side of a rod — particularly
upon young early forced ones— are placed over the
others, the top row, owing to the sap flowing most
freely through the uppermost surface, breaks earliest
and strongest. Follow up the pruning and cleaning
of Vines in succession-houses as they become cleared
of fruit, and expose them as much as possible to the
influence of the weather, unless sharp frosts set in, by
this means securing a beneficial period of rest. I
cannot remember the wood of Vines being so gene-
rally bright in colour and hard to cut as it is this
autumn — a good augury for the crops next season.
Thomas Coonihcr, Hcndie Gardens, Afoiuiiouth,

|laufa and il^dii |;itiutit

Exotic Ferns. — The majority will now be com-
paratively speaking at rest, or making but little
growth ; with the exception therefore of arbo-
rescent or Tree Ferns, and a few other strong grow-
ing kinds, much less water will be needed at tho
roots. When applied, however, see that sufficient
is given to penetrate the balls thoroughly, especially
in the case of such as are pot-bound. These remarks
are more particularly made in reference to specimen
or half-specimen plants ; small stock in 3 and 4-inch
pots will require more frequent attention, the root-
action of such being more active. These small plants,
too, are more frequently placed in positions where
they become dry at the root in a shorter time than
large plants. The object to be aimed at in cautious
watering of the larger sizes is to prevent any approach
to a sodden state of the soil, when this occurs, the
roots will perish more or less. The deciduous genera
and species require even more caution, but the grower
must not err on the extreme side and cause their
fleshy crowns to suffer. In such instances the neglect
will show itself in a weak growth the following spring.
Of this section of Ferns, Lygodium (Stenochlxna)
scandens is one of the best to grow, being accommo-
dating to almost any structure except a cold green-
house— a moist atmosphere or a dry one seeming
to suit it equally well. Of insect pests, black
thrips are its worst foes if not stopped in time. It
will occur that some kinds may have made a dense
growth and numerous fronds, a proportion of the older

of these may be cut away with advantage, and especi-
ally if they show signs of decay or are in a way infested
with scale or thrips. It is not well to remove a large
amount at any one time, and should a considerable
number appear to require this operation it had better
be performed at two or three intervals. By this
means no sudden check will be given to ihe roots, as
is done by cutting away a large quanlity of fronds at
one time. The maiority of l-'erns will now be all the
better if kept in a drier atmosphere for the nevt few
weeks. They will then be fdund to btart into fres-h
growth more freely in the spring. A iliicr atmospheTg
i.s at a!] times by far the best for the stock of all such
as are kept for cutting purposes. Fronds of Alian-
tum cuneatum, if fully exposed to the light during
the greater part of the summer, will last twice, and
even thrice, as long if cut from the plants thus treated.
Such fronds, too, are far more useful than from
plants that are grown in the shade ; although the
fronds in the latter instance are apparently better
developed when possessed of that deeper shade of
green and larger pinnx', they are not nearly so useful.
Some of the best fronds that I ever had of this indis-
pensable Fern were taken frnm plants grown in
baskets, and suspended during the summer in a light,
airy conservatory. I have previously recommended
the covering of bare, damp walls with seedlings of the
more useful kinds. One such wall here has been spon-
taneously covered for several years, and hundreds of
fronds are taken from it, besides thinning out at intervals
some of the worst, to make room for the younger ones.
Adiantum CapiUus- Veneris is the species best suited
to this position ; its creeping rhizomes cling tenaciously
to any damp wall or other object. Seedlings of all
the more useful kinds of Ferns should be looked after ;
many of them will be found in the pots of other plants.
Do not let them remain, however, to injure the proper
occupant, unless that be a plant that is in request for
standing in ornamental vases in the mansion ; in that
case, the tiny Ferns will serve as a finish to its appear-
ance and may, therefore, be tolerated. All such plants
are greatly enhanced in effect when thus set ofif with
either small Ferns or Selaginellas ; and when any
such plants are being repotted it is advisable to prick
out a few of the small ones on the surface of the soil ;
the use of common moss is thus dispensed with, and the
possibility of slugs or snails being introduced with it
is prevented also. Of Ferns that are somewhat scarce
Asplenium cicutarium is one of the best, and for
using on the dinner-table in a small stale it is not
surpassed by any other Fern that has come under my
notice. It is not one of the best to increase, but by
devoting a little attention to its propagation we have
at last succeeded in raising promising young stock,
which will do us good service, Adiantum Pac-
cotii is another capital addition, possessing more
lasting properties than some Adiantums, when
growing under adverse circumstances. Its com-
pact habit of growth is very noticeable, and
15 decidedly distinct. It is as easy of increase as
the best known of its class, and being suitable for
greenhouse culture is also in its favour. Adiantum
raacrophyllum is another very' distinct Fern that is
attractive when in a young state. The use of small
Ferns is becoming very general for filling little
rustic baskets and vases, and none too soon either,
considering their attractiveness. I would advise there-
fore that at this season several pots or pans be pricked
off of the prettiest kinds in view of any emergency
arising. If not needed for other purposes, they will
form a nice finish to the fronts of the benches in the
houses.

Tree Ferns. — Continue to supply them with water
liberally, and on no account allow them toget dry,
or their noble fronds will soon be injured past
recovery. Some of the older fronds may be cut away,
and thus allow more light and air to reach any plants
that are growing underneath them.

Forced Plants AND Bulbs. — Some of the earliest
of this class may now be pushed on a little faster, so as
to prevent a gap in the supply after the Chrysanthe-
mums are over. Select a few Azalea indica with pro-
minent flower-buds, and also Deutzia gracilis, which can
always be relied on if the wood has been well ripened ;
Also Roman Hyacinths, and the earliest varieties of
Narcissus and Tulips, of which a few pots should be
brought into a moderate heat, so as to have them
in bloom by Christmas time. If early Lilies of the
Valley are sought for, by all means use single crowns
in preference to clumps, for some time to come, yames
Hucfsotij Gunnersbttry House Gardens, Acton, iV,

656

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

Tuesday, Nov. 25 ■

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

f Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
MONDAV, Nov. J4 < Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe Si Morris'

I Rooms.

r Sale of 500 I. ilium auralujn, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Flowering Orchids, at Protheroe &

Morris' Rooms.
Sale ol Roses and Bulbs at the City Auc-
tion Rooms, Manchester, by Protheroe &
i Morris.
Chrj'santhemum Show in Town Hall, Man-
chester.
Fruit and Chrysanthemum Show in St.
L George's Hall, Liverpool
r Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'

J Rooms.
Sale of Japanese Lilies, Roses, &c , at Pro-
theroe & Morris" Rooms
I Sale of Nursery Stock at the Royal Nur
I series, Ascot, by Protheroe & Morris (two
L days).

r Sale of Orchids, at Stevens Rooms
Nov. 27 < Sa|c of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Thursday,

!■ RJDAV.

Rooms.
Nov 28 \ Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
I Morris' Rooms.
[ Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'

ulbs, at Protherod & Morris'

f bale 01 nardj
) Rooms.
■ '-j Sale of Bulb
( Rooms.

THE experiments carried out at Chiswick
under the auspices of the Scientific Com-
mittee, for the purpose of investigating the
merits of Mr. Jensen's plan of high-moulding
Potatos as a preventative of the Potato disease,
have, in the main, only yielded negative results.
This is no fault of the Scientific Committee,
nor of the sub-committee appointed to carry
out the experiments. The trials were well
devised, faithfully carried out, carefully watched,
and, when the time came, neither pains, nor
labour, nor time was spared to ascertain and
record the results. It was not the energy, nor
the zeal of the experimenters that was at fault ;
it was the fungus itself, which failed to put in
an appearance, or to such a slight extent that
no fair conclusions could be drawn from it.
The fungus has its excuse — the weather was
the reverse of propitious to its development !
It was there ready to grow, but the weather
would not let it. We greatly fear that the
amount of sympathy shown for the experi-
menters who were prevented from pre-
senting a report worthy of the Horticul-
tural Society, and for the fungus which was
prevented from doing its duty, will be
slight in comparison with the complacency
that will be felt at the happy conjuncture
which rendered the labours of the committee
void, and prevented the fungus from labouring
at all. The poor experimenters have a greater
demand on our sympathy than the fungus. At
planting time they overhauled each tuber, re-
jecting all that had even the semblance of dis-
ease, though, as some of the tubers were planted
whole, there was no guarantee that diseased
tubers were not in some cases planted. Week
after week they were at their post. Scorching
sun or drenching showers had no more power
to keep them away from Chiswick at the ap-
pointed times, than had the residence of the
observers in Norfolk, or far-off Wales. The
experimenters had]something to do — and did it,
though the results are of a negative character.
The fungus had nothing to do — and did it ?
Nevertheless, negative though they be, the re-
sults obtained are not wholly valueless.

Although the cost of the plan as carried out
did not enter into the calculations of the experi-
menters, who were guided by quite other con-
siderations, yet it speedily became obvious to
them that in the ordinary routine of field cul-
ture Mr. Jensen's proposals would prove very
costly to carry out, and that, as a matter of
practice, the grower for market would have
to face the problem whether as a mere matter
of cost the gain would be worth the candle.

The scheme followed by the committee, on
the suggestion of Mr. Plowright, was to grow
two varieties, an early and a late one, in rows
side by side. Each row was divided into five
sections, the tubers in the first section being
earthed-up in the Jensenian method early,
those in the second section a fortnight later,
those in the third after a further interval of four-
teen days, and so on ; some of the sections were

thus earthed-up for many weeks longer than the
others. The earthing-up was done much more
efficiently than in the ordinary moulding, the
object being to secure a steep slope on either
side of the haulm, and so to enable any
spores that might fall from the leaves to be
washed down the slope by the rain, away
from the tubers. Four " control rows " were
instituted for the purpose of comparison, and in
these control rows the haulms were not earthed-
up at all, indeed nothing whatever was done to
the Potatos in these four rows from the time of
planting to that of lifting. Further, in some of
the rows whole tubers were, as has been stated,
used as sets, in other cases cut tubers were em-
ployed, and, again, while in some cases the
haulm was allowed to grow as it would, in others
the tops were bent over to one side, the bending
being repeated at frequent intervals. Careful
notes were taken of the progress and appear-
ance of the plants at stated intervals, and ulti-
mately the produce of each row and of each
compartment of each row was lifted, weighed,
and carefully scrutinised by fungus experts as
well as by less skilled eyes.

The results of these elaborate investigations
were duly tabulated and presented at the last
meeting of the Scientific Committee. On a
future occasion we may be in a position to give
some further details as to the amount of pro-
duce under the varied conditions, but (or the
present we must content ourselves with the
brief summary given in our report of the com-
mittee in the present issue. Brief as that sum-
mary is, it brings out certain points of interest,
to which we would invite the attention of our
readers.

Rather surprising, though here perhaps we
are exposing ourselves to the reproach of tell-
ing tales out of school, was the difference of
opinion that arose concerning the nature of
certain brown spots, which became evident in
some of the tubers when cut open and
examined. Some were disposed to look on
these as the initial stages of the disease, while
others doubted their connection with the
Phytophthora. Under these circumstances the
term " suspects " was used in the report to in-
dicate these tubers of doubtful character. It
must be said injustice to those who from the
first were of opinion that these spots were not
due to the Potato disease, as usually under-
stood, that no coaxing under bell-glasses or
other device of the cultivator proved sufficient
to develope the spawn of the Potato fungus,
even though the cultivators in question included
such men as De Bary, Kuhn, and Plowright.
For some remarks from the pen of the latter
gentleman on this subject, we may also refer
to the report of the Scientific Committee in the
present issue, and we hope shortly to be
enabled to publish his remarks in full, accom-
panied by illustrations, as they are, in our
opinion, of very great importance.

Another point of great interest was brought
by Mr. A. S. WILSON before the Scientific
Committee at this meeting, and one which, if
further confirmed, will be of great moment in
clearing up the history of this hydra-headed
pest. It will be remembered that Mr.
Wilson was the first to call attention
to the presence in the leaves and other
organs of " sclerotium "-like bodies, which
he assumed to be a peculiar form or stage
of the fungus in which it exists in the
form of hard compact nodules without trace of
spores or spiwn-threads. These nodules in
Mr. Wilson's opinion, consist of masses of
protoplasm, and form a definite phase in the
cycle of the plant's history. We need not now
repeat the remarkable sequence of events which
follows if Mr. Wilson's interpretation of these
bodies be correct. It is so complete and so in-
teresting that one could wish it were estab-
lished. Unfortunately, Dr. Flight and Mr.
George Murray came to the conclusion,
from the examination of Mr. Wilson's
specimens, that the bodies in question were

mere masses of lime-oxalate, without any
trace of protoplasm. Mr. Wilson now re-
turns to the charge, and brings forward
evidence to refute the chemical theory of
Flighi' and Murray. In this he is to some
extent supported by Mr. WORTHlNG'iON
Smith.

It is quite clear that we have still much to
learn concerning the Potato disease, and the
means of dealing with it in practice ; and this
being so, we are by no means disheartened at
the conflict of opinion among earnest seekers
after truth, nor discouraged by the unusual
conduct of the Clerk of the Weather, who,
while irradiating the world in general during
the last summer, may be said to have frowned
on the Scientific Committee and its delegates
at Chiswick.

Rhododendron Griffithianum (fig. 113).

— It is rather an unfortunate occurrence that the name
of this noble species, originally dedicated to Lord
Auckland, at one time Governor-General of India,
should, by the exigencies of botanical law, have to be
changed. Nevertheless, as the plant had been pre-
viously named, there is no option but to acquiesce —
and for the matter of that, Griffith is better
entitled, from a botanical point of view, to be com-
memorated by botanists than is Lord Auckland,
great as his merits were. The species is, perhaps,
the handsomest of all the species originally introduced
from the Sikkim Himalaya by Dr. (now Sir Joseph)
Hooker. Year after year its noble flowers may be
seen in the Temperate-house at Kew, the brilliancy of
its young growths being scarcely surpassed by the
magnificence of the flower. The broad saucer-shaped
calyx is specially characteristic of the plant. When
one visits year after year in spring the noble Tempe-
rate-house one wonders that our garden lovers do not
strive, even if on a smaller scale, to secure to them-
selves the glories and comfort of a temperate-house,
available at all seasons of the year, without the incon-
venience attaching to stove-houses. A house of
tiffany, even, is sufficient in most cases, as was shown
by our lamented friend, Mr. Mangles, to secure a
display of bloom that cannot be surpassed by any
garden structuie, however costly. For fine speci-
mens grown out-of-doors we were indebted some time
since to the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen. The
flowers were very fragrant, though characterised as
inodorous in Sikkim.

" Les Plantes des Alpes." — We under-
stand that Mr. R. I, Lynch, of the Cambridge
Botanic Garden, is about to publish a translation of
M. Correvon's book on this subject. Those who
read M. Correvon's articles in our columns will be
glad to possess them in an extended and connected
form.

" British Apples." — This is the title of

the Report of the National Apple Congress held in
the Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, October 5 — 25,
1SS3. This most useful book has been compiled by
Mr. A. F. Barron, the indefatigable Superintendent
of the Society's Gardens at Chiswick. We shall be
glad to go more fully into its contents, scope, and
bearing on fruit culture at a future date.

"Garden Annual for 1SS5." — We notice

with much satisfaction this useful publication for
next year, published by Mr. W. Robinson, at the
Garden Office, Southampton Street, Strand. The
book contains the usual information. Calendar, &c.,
with the corrections as regards gardeners' addresses,
brought as far as is possible up to the latest date.

Mr, Gilbert's "Universal Savoy." —

We find this miniature early variety tender when
cooked, and wanting in that strong flavour common
to other Savoys. The merits of the vegetable were
recognised by the Royal Horticultural Society two
years since by awarding it a First-class Certificate.

Lapageria alba.— Dr. Alexander Pater.

SON forwarded for our delectation a splendid bunch ,
of this grand greenhouse climber. The cluster con-
sisted of fourteen fully-opened blooms, all closely set
on the end of a shoot. The shoot had probably been
stopped, either by design or accident, with the usual
result of having its yet undeveloped buds converted
into flower-buds, precisely as happens to shoots o(
Apples and Pears on the same procedure.

6

658

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November aa, 1884.

Mixed Gladioli. — We are requested to

stale that Mr. Gumbleton is in a position to furnish
applicants with seeds of Lemoine's hardy hybrid
Gladioli on receipt of a stamped addressed envelope.
If sown in February flowers may be looked for about
ne.vt August twelvemonth. Address, W. E. Gum-
bleton, Esq., Belgrove, Queenstown, Co. Cork.

Exportation of Plants.— The following

notice, which has been sent to us by Messrs. Paul
& Son, has been issued by the German Imperial
Government in reference to the importation of living
pUnts, and its publication may save nurserymen and
(her much trouble :— (Copy). "According to the
Imp;.ial Ordnance of July 4, iSSj, the importaiion
ol living plants into Germany from a country which
does not belong to the International Phylloxera Con-
vention is prohibited."

Messrs. Ireland & Tiio.mson.— These well

known nurserymen have acquired by purchase (so
we have been informed) the ground and the extensive
hothouses and ollices formerly in the occupation of
the Lawson .Seed L'ompany, and have likewise rented
about 30 acres of the land which it gave up this year,
adjoining the land they have purchased, in which
they intend to cultivate a large collection of trees and
shrubs, in addition to their other places in and about
Edinburgh,

AUTU.-MN Leafage. — What appears to be

Black Alicante Grape, growing on a south wall at the
Bedfont Seed Grounds, gives in its foliage colour that
fairly rivals the Virginian Creeper, and has the merit
of being later and more enduring. The leaves all
turn to a rich glowing red, and seem to hang on the
wood with great tenacity. The kind, in any case,
has other merits, for it ripens its fruit very well indeed
in the open. It makes strong growth, and for the
production of rich tints in foliage in the autumn
merits wide cultivation. It would be interesting to
learn how other Vines fare in the open, though it
would seem that those rich leaf-tints are to be found
only in those kinds which produce black fruit.

Messks. Carter's Ciikysanthemum Show.

— The display of Chrysanthemums, now to be seen
at the nurseries of Messrs. Caister & Co., Allenby
Koad, Forest Hill, is well worth a visit from the
lovers of this line autumn and winter flower. The
collection is tastefully arranged in the conservatory ;
the flowers are large and in good condition, the
colours distinct, the foliage deep green and clean,
showing perfect health and cultivation. The plants
are pkiced in a sloping position, so that the true cha-
racter of each variety may be seen distinctly. There
are over a thousand specimens displayed, not two
varieties of a similar colour staged together, and all
the newest and best varieties in cultivation are repre-
sented, making a very beautiful effect.

Dr. Gilbert IN Manitoba.— For the second

time Dr. Gilbert has visited Canada and the United
States. lie speaks in high terms of the almost bound-
less fertility of the country as a whole, so that Wheat
may profitably be grown on the same soil for years in
succession, at the same time the conservation of the
fertility must depend upon mixed agriculture event-
ually. In New York Dr. Gilbert delivered a lec-
ture on the culture of Wheal, under the auspices of
the New Jersey Agricultural Kxpcriment Station, the
State Board of Agriculture and the State Agricultural
College. The lecture was confined to the interpreta-
tion of certain results arrived at in the cullure o(
Wheat, but it made plain the value of experiments
conducted with scientific accuracy Ihrougli a long
series of years. The occasion drew together a large
number of men from New Jersey and neighbouring
States eminent in various branches of agriculture and
horticulture. It is noteworthy that the lecture was
prepared with the approbation of Sir JoiIN II. Lawes,
in recognition of the deep interest manifested in the
work at Rothamstead by the thoughtful farmers of
this country. It is understood that Sir John has
made provision as a part of his general scheme to send
a lecturer to the United Slates at stated intervals to
illustrate and explain the experiments at our agricul-
tural colleges, and to all others interested. Dr.
GlLBEkT has already lectured at the Michigan
Agricultural College at Lansing.

British Fresh-Water Alg.I!.— The tenth

and last part of Dr. M. C. Cooke's illustrations and
descriptions of these elegant organisms is now

published. This part contains the Rhodophycece,
and is specially remarkable for the highly enlarged
representations of the various forms of Bjctracho-
spermum. The letterpress includes an enumeration
of all the authorities quoted ; the names of the
authors and their works being given in full, together
with dales and places of publication. Amateurs will
also welcome the glossary and the index, which
includes all synonyms. Altogether there are 130
plates and 329 pages of letterpress.

The Disqualified Bunch at Dundee.—

We are requested to publish the following state-
ment : —

" The charge against me in respect to Grapes at the
late Dundee show h.as been now made so pubUc that I
feel it is only due to myself, as an exhibitor, to state
exactly the facts of the case. The prize was for the
finest flavoured Grapes, the bunch to be not less than
I lb. in weight. On cutting the bunch I did not weigh
it ; it looked heavy enough for the requirements of the
schedule. In placing it upon the stand a small shoulder
hung loosely, and, no doubt unwisely. I padded it with
a few berries of a similar kind, merely to keep up llie
appearance of the bunch during the exhibition. This
was done in the presence of my foreman and one or two
other ol my men. I had no desire to deceive any one ;
I could not possibly deceive the judges. The weight
was a matter of fact, as the bunch was weighed and
found to be, as I am told, half an ounce short. I have
letters from the two judges, who both corroborate my
statement that there was no evidence whatever of the
berries in question being tied in any way to the bunch.
It would have been impossible to have done so, or to
have deceived the judges in such a matter. Neither
could they have fallen off from the bunch in question, as
there was no sLalk or stem to which they could possibly
adhere. I trust this explanation will be satisfactory, and
I think it entirely exonerates me from the charge of
having attempted to deceive the judges. It was impos-
sible for me to alter the flavour of ihe Grapes, neither
did I .attempt to add to the weight of the bunch. J.jmes
Mclndoe, Nov. 12."

Haarlem Exhirition of Floweking

Bulbs, March, 1855. — In 1S55, the General So-
ciety for the Bulb Culiure at Haarlem will celebrate
the fourth century of its existence, and on that occa-
sion an exhibition will be opened at Haarlem on a
large scale, it being one of the quinquennial shows of
the Society. Such large exhibitions as this will be
were held in 1S75 and iSSo. The one now an-
nounced, however, will surpass all those held before,
and if it should be as good as it promises to be, it will
be the best show of flowering bulbs and tuberous-
rooted plants ever held. It will be open fiom
March 20-24, at Haarlem, in the large hall and its
spacious annexes. The schedule of prizes has 140
entries, for which 3S1 medals are ofl'ered (Gold,
Gilt, Silver, and Bronze, some of ihem with an addi-
tional money value). The total value of the prizes is
more than ,^500 sterling. There are eighly-seven
medals for Hyacinths, sixty for Tulips, seventeen for
Narcissus, and smaller numbers for Crocus, FritiUaria,
Galanthus, Leucojum, Scilla, Chionodoxa, Muscari,
Erylhronium, Anemones, Ranunculus, Lilium, Gladi-
olus, Iris, Helleborus, Hepatica, Trillium, Conval-
laria, Hoteia, Spir.-ea, Dicentra, terrestrial Orchids,
r.i.-onia, Amaryllis, Imantophyllum, Eucharis, Or-
chids, Gesneriace.i;, Begonia, Anthurium, Caladium,
Calla, Cyclamen, Trop.-eolum, Lachenalia, Sparaxis,
Phormium, and Vucca, as well as for miscellaneous,
rare, or new bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants.
A large number of medals is, moreover, offered for
table decorations, bouquets, arrangements of flowers,
baskets, &c., with flowers or plants, with the one
condition that all the flowers which are put in these
arrangements ought to be those of bulbous or
tuberous-rooted plants. This show will doubtless be a
great attraction to all those who take an interest in
bulb growing, and will give a better idea of the col-
lection of spring bulbs grown in the neighbourhood of
Haarlem than any show has done before, and will be
well worth a trip to witness it.

Horticultural Club.— The usual monthly

dinner and conversazione took place on Tuesday last,
at the rooms, 1, Henrietta Street, W.C. Amongst
those present were Mr. John Lee, Dr. Hogg, the
Rev. F. H. Gall, and Mr. Til. Flintoff ; Messrs.
Stollenhoff, Druery, Ironsides, Colli.vgs, T.
B. Hall, &c. Amongst the subjects brought under
notice was a very varied collection of Chrysanthe-
mum blooms of the different sections, from Mr. N.
Davis, of Cambetwell ; a coUeclion of dried fronds

of Ferns of Athyrium Filix-fcemina, and some of its
more remarkable varieties, such as thysanotum corym-
biferum, clavissixium, and kalothrix, from Mr. II. M.
Stollenhoff, of Lewisham. Mr. Collings showed
a remarkable I'rond of a Polystichum, which he had
found on an imported I lendrobium, and which had
a most powerful perfume, similar to that of the
Tonquin Bean : it is believed to be new. The
Secretary contributed for the dessert some remarkably
fine specimens of Doyenne du Comice Pear, Cox's
Orange Pippin, and King of the Pippins.

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Intitu-

TION. — It has been decided, to meet the convenience
of gentlemen who have collecting cards for the Pen-
sion Augmentation Fund, that the time for finally
closing the list for this year be extended to Dec. 15.
The correspondence on the subject of the
Augmentation Fund increases in volume, but space
forbids our publishing much of that which comes to
hand. Notwithstanding, we have much pleasure in
giving publicity to the following letter from a Head
Gardener : —

" Alter reading Mr. Coleman's letter I frit more con-
vinced than ever that we all ought to lend a hand to
help such an .adniir.able institution. I accordingly brought
it under the notice of my noble employers, who both
very readily and with great pleasure gave me a hand-
some subscription ; stimulated with my success I
called on a few ladies and gentlemen who were in the
habit of occasionally visiting the gardens, and I am
happy to say that there was not one but what gave me
something cheerfully. I feel sure that if the ^^500 is lost
to the Society it will be entirely through the want cf
energy amongst gardeners, and .as the time is now getting
short, there is nothing like striking the iron while it is
hot.— Frederick Pkince, Dailrcy Ganhin, Co. A/o/hi-
ghan, Ireland. "

The committee met on the evening of the I7ih
ult., when it was decided to make an addition
to the list of recipients of nine pensioners in January
next, three of whom would come on by right as former
subscribers, and six by election. The election will
t.ake place at the general meeting to be held on
Wednesday, January 14. It was also ordered lo
invest ^300 in Consols.

■ Notts Horticultural and Botanical

Society. — The monthly meeting was held at Ihe
Mechanics' Institute on Nov. 12, Mr. Cooi'ER, Mag-
dala Road, presiding. The display of Chrysanthe-
mums was extremely fine, fiom Mr. Collins, \\\\\\
Bank ; Mr. Germain, Malvern House; Mr. Meadows,
Rock House, B.isford ; Mr. Walker, Il.uiUick
House, The Park; Mr. Massey, Mapperley Hall;
Mr. Hallam, Redmont House, Radcliffj Road.
Messrs. Pearson, The Nurseries, Chilwell, exhibited
fine collections. From Mr. Edington, Woodthorpe
Grange, some fine examples of Primulas, grown in
6 inch pots, iS inches to 2 feet through, a mass of
flower, including Williams' Magnifica, Chiswick Red,
Meteor, and choice seedlings of semi-doubles. Mr.
Thacker, Minerva House, St. Ann's Hill Road, ex-
hibited a small piece of Cypripedium Spicerianum,
with medium-size flowers of fine form and colour.
Mr. A. Pearson (The Chilwell Nurseries) contiibuted
a paper on Hardy l-'ruits for Ihe Midlands, which
was well received, a hearty vote of thanks being
accorded him, and the Chairman brought the prc^cced-
ings to a close.

The Proposed School of Forestry at

Edinburgh. — A meeting of the committee appointed
at the recent Forestry Congress held in the Exhi-
bition Buildings, to take steps to establish a School of
Forestry and a museum in connection therewith in
Edinburgh, took place on the 14th insl., at which the
Marquis of LoriiiAN presided, and among those
present were the Lord Pkuvost, Sir David
ClIRISTisON, Bart., Dr. Cleghokn, Mr. IIuiciiiN-
son, Mr. Niel Eraser, Mr. Dunn, Mr. Bel-
frage, C.E., and Colonel Dods, (Hon. Sec). It
was reported that the donations towards the formalion
of a museum received from various Governments and
private exhibitors at the Forestry ICxhibiiion had been
carefully repacked, labelled, inventoried, and stored
away in a large suitable warehouse, kindly granted
for the purpose by the Lawson Seed Company. The
donations in question cansist of a vast number of
valuable and interesting specimens of woods, barks,
fibres, seeds, and other forest produce, illustra-
tions of the new wood-pulp paper industrj,
implements of woodcraft, .Sic. This collection in

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

659

itself would form a museum of no inconsiderable size
and importance. It was further staled that arrange-
n'.ents are being made for issuing an appeal to the
public for the necessary funds to establish a School of
Forestry in connection with the University ot Edin-
burgh, and to procure suitable premises for a Museum.
Although the sum required for the purpose will be
considerable, it is not anticipated that much ditticuUy
will be experienced in raising it, owing to the impetus
given to the movement, and the interest awakened in
forestry matteis generally, by the recent Kxhibiiion. A
copy of a letter was read finm Sir John Lui:nocK,
U.irt., disclaiming the idea which h;ul got abroad that
he is adverse to the cstablibhmcnt of a School of Fores-
try at Edinburgh ; but, on the contrary, he quite
approved of it, and wished the movement every
success. The meeting regarded the communication
as of considerable importance, considering the promi-
nent interest which Sir John Lui5D0ck takes in
forestry matters, and in view of the fact that he is to
bring the subject before Parliament at an early date.

Presentation. — Mr. William Priest,

who has been gardener to the Marquis of Lothian,
at Newbattle Abbey, for the last nine j'ears, was
entertained to dinner by a number of his friends in
the "Cross Keys" Hotel, Dalkeith, on the 7[h inst.,
and presented with a gold watch and chain, wlih a
brooch and bracdet for Mrs. PuiEsr, as a maik of
respect and esteem on his leaving Newbatttle Abbey
Gardens, at the Martinmas Term, November ii.

The Weather, — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Nov. 17, 1SS4, issued by the
Meteorological Oflice, 1 16, Victoria Street, London,
SAV. : — The weather has been dry in nearly all parts
of the kingdom, but at our extreme W. and N.W,
stations heavy rain fell at the commencement of the
period. Very cloudy skies have been reported
generally, and in many places haze or mist has
prevailed. The temperature continued above the
mean during the earlier days of the week, but
subsequently became considerably below. On the
whole it has been slightly in excess in ** Scotland,
N." " England, N.E." and " England, SAV," about
equal to its normal value in the Midland Counties,
" Scotland, W.," " Ireland, N." and x" below in all
other districts. The maxima, which were recorded
cither on the iilh or I2lh, varied from 58° in
'Ireland, S." and 57" in "England, N.W." to 50"
in "England, N.E." and '* Kn^^Iand, E.'' The
minima were generally registered on the 14th or I7ih,
and ranged from 24" over the inland p.-rts of Ire-
Und to 32" in " England, N.E." and to 36" in the
'■ Channel Islands." The rainfall has been less thnn
the mean in all districts. Over England the fall ha?
been especially slight. The bright sunshine has been
(except in the " Channel Islands "J less prevalent th.in
for many weeks past. 0\'er tbegreater part of England
ihere was only 3 to 9 per cent, of the possible amount
t>f duration, in " Ireland " 20 per cent., and in " Scot-
hnd, N.," 29 per cent., while in the ''Channel
Islands " there was as much as 42 per cent. Depres-
sions observed : — During the earlier part of this period
a high-pressure area (noticed as travelling north-east-
wards towards Denmark at the close of last week)
was established over the south of Sweden and Den-
iii.trk, while depressions continued to move north-
n irth-easlwards outside our western and north-western
c asts, producing south winds at all our stations ; on
n;.ir west and north-west coasts a fresh to strong gale
was experienced on the nth. P.y S a.m. on the
1 3' h the conditions had become rather complicated
and the winds variable, owing to the appearance of a
second anti-cyclonic system over Ireland. This dis-
tribution, however, was of brief duration, for on the
following day a large anticyclone, which remained 'n
ah )ut the same position till the 16th, covered Dtrn-
mirk, the south of Scamlinavia, and the greater part
nf [he North Sea, cau=iing easterly winds in the south-
east and south, south-easterly in the west, and
snulherly in the north. At the end of the period the
highest pressure was transferred to our north-west
coasts, a depression was moving south-easterly over
S::indinavia, and the wind in our islands had shifted
to the north-eastward or northward.

Gardening Appointments.— Mr. John

DuMBLK, late Principal Foreman with Mr. Bethell,
at Sudborne Hall, Wickham Market, has been ap-
pointed Head Gardener to C. E. G. Phillips, Esq.,
Picton Castle, Pembrokeshire. — Mr. W. J. Clauke,
laf.e Gardener to W. F. Spencer, Esq., Spring
Grove, Bewdley, as Gardener to W. H. Pole
Carew, E:q., Antony, Devonpoit.

PRUNING.

The papers noticed in the two previous weeks'
numbers of the Gixrdcncrs' Chronicle have been
chietly expositions of the reasons why such and such
operations are performed on our fruit trees, but as yet
the novice at his work would not be quite sure as to
the methods to be adopted in carrying them out in

Fig. 114.— a I'EACM tree shoot.

practice. In view of this dilemma we will speak now
of this, the practical part, for although a man may be
acquainted with the science of his subject, if he cannot
whet his knife well, and know when and where to use
it, the filling of his fruit-room, and the furnishing the
table and the kitchen, will be generally a matter of
uncertainly, or he may in the absence of knowledge
elect to let his fruit trees get into the distressing state

Fig. 115.— SfKcrMRNS of iruning.

which a correspondent tells us the Devon orchards
are exhibiting.

Having an object in pruning our trees, we will say
now what that is; it is to fit the tree to the wall, if
it be a tender fruit, and if a hardy one, to the espalier,
or to form it into a standard or a pyramid or any
modification of these. Then pruning and training
must go together, for we can hardly speak of the one
and be silent about the other. We will take for illus-
tration a tender subject, the Peach, which refuses in
this country to ripen either its wood or its fruits away
from the forcing aid of a sunny wall. The plant

arrives from the nursery, we will assume, as a maiden,
that is, a little tree one year old ; from the bud it is
well ripened, and should not be very gross, or else it
will be found that the large wounds necessarily made
on it heal only after the lapse of two seasons, leaving
ajneceof dead snag under the healthy bark, which often
developes into an unhealthy wound. The tree having
been planted in the earlyautumnshould be pruned after
the hard frosts of February are past — not earlier, else
it will be so long ere the sap rises and cicatrising of the
cut begins ; and owing to that the shoot may die further
b:\ck to the loss of the bud ; and if pruning be de-
layed till growth has begun there is r,o much sap
Inst, bcsiiles, the sap having ac(|uired certain direc-
tions at the outset, is diverted with difticulty later.
The best form for the Peach being the fan, or some
slight modification of it, the young tree will need the
foundation of the main branches formed at first, and
this is best done by cutting it back to 2 inches in
length, or even less ; from this stump, and chiefly
from the dormant and almost indistinguishable buds
lying buried in the hark, these main shoots will take
their ri-;e. After cutting back, the tree should be
only lightly attached to the wall, as the newly moved
soil will settle yet more, carrying the roots with
it. When growth commences the young growths
are most misplaced — that is, those directly in
front and those springing out from the back, none
of which could be made to do duty as main
branches without forming ugly, and, so far as the
flow of sap is concerned, injurious bends. Then the
shoots may be left for a week or so longer, when the
final choice must be made, those being retained that
are best placed, say two on either side or only one.
The nursery trade usually adopt the practice of keep-
ing three, one central and two side shoots, but stronger
trees can do more than this. During growth Ihere
may be some regulation of these shoots necessary ;
the tree may grow weaker on one side than the
other. In that case it will be as well to unloose
the weak side from the wall, or depress the strong
side shoots for a few weeks until balance is restored,
at the same time pruning otV a few of the leaves on
that side. The next winter having arrived, the
operator must still prune for wood, i.e.^ the shoots
made the previous summer must be cut to about 9
inches in length, afterwards making selection of the
best placed ones as before but leaving three or four on
each of the side shoots, and as many as it may be
possible to get equally distributed on the middle one,
which should 'have been cut back to 2 or
3 inches as before. This is done for two
reasons ; in the first place, because the shoots spring-
ing from it, being nearer the erect line will benefit
more by the How of sap than those, and being cut
into the, dormant buds, will be later in developing
shoots, thus giving the side shoots a few weeks' start,
which is of great advantage to them, as the sap will
have acquired a current m their direction, that will
always afterwards be retained. The other reason for
cutting the middle shoot so hard back is to do away
with an upright stem, always an objectionable feature
in stone fruit trees, as when by any chance the shoots
should be lost from this, they are scarcely ever fully
replaced by new growths.

The regulation and pruning olT of all unnecessary
laterals, and the raising or depressing of shoots, must
be attended to as before, the tree now beginning to
assume the intended form. In the following I''ebruary
the main shoots must be again pruned back, but not
so hard, and may be left at 15 inches or more in
length, and the centre shoots having become numer-
ous, have no need to be kept so much in cheek, nor
yet be so hard cut back to obtain shoots. It will,
nevertheless, be essential to control the almost
vertical growths by fastening them first of all to
the wall, whilst the young wood of the side
branches may be allowed freedom from all
training for two or three weeks, thereby giving
strength to these, but checking the too rash growth
of those. If this should not be found a sufficient check
to the central growths, some of the leaves may be
cut off, or only the half of a leaf taken over the greater
part of the shoots ; this, with bending the shoots with
their points towards the earth, will usually effect the
purpose intended— the forcing the sap into the side
branches. After equalisation of growth becomes
evident, the hitherto loose shoots may be fastened in.
The pruning and restriction will now begin to bear
fruits, and flower-buds will form themselves on
the twigs, which have now become more numerous.
In the third year, if the tree has made good progress

66o

THE Gy^RDENF.RS' CHRONICLE,

[November 22, 1884.

a few fruits may be looked for, and the bloom-bearing
shoots cut bacli into ripe wood. The fruiting of the
tree at this date must be ascribed more to the treat-
ment it has received in having the weak and crowd-
ing shoots cut away, and by reason of its wood by those
operations getting fuller exposure to the sun, and by
the multiplication of impediments to the free passage
of the sap, which a large ramification of the branches
causes. These impediments cause the sap to move
sluggishly, which in itself leads to the formation of
fruit-buds.

Nature acts in the tree as if under our treatment it
were in imminent danger of being killed, and there-
fore endeavours to reproduce its kind by seed (fruit)
before that event occurs. The successive treatment
of our typical tree follows pretty nearly on the lines
laid down in the later years of its formation, using the
pruning knife sparingly in early spring, but cutting
away misplaced shoots, and those not required during
growth, and endeavouring to so treat the remaining
wood by keeping it thinly distributed over the
tree that it gets the maximum of heat and light.
In making cuts, either in winter or summer, great
care should be taken to cut always at an obtuse
angle across the shoots, and so close to the bud
that no snag remains to die back, and to require
for its removal a second cutting-over at a later period.
Long slanting cuts, even if they end just above a bud,
impoverish the top bud, sometimes cause the portion
left to wither up, and are always a long time in
healing over on account of their area. Shoots that
are cut away at their base should never be cut
without leaving a trifling stump, which, being small,
soon heals ; whereas a wound as large as the actual
base of a shoot would be a long time in doing so,
and would in all probability in stone fruits terminate
in obstinate gumming. Fig. 114 (p. 659) shows the
method of cutting back Peach wood that has borne
fruit, and how it is replaced with new wood. The
shoot li, being cut in winter to a, forces the shoot c
to grow, and then b is cut quite away at 2. Fig. 115
shows a good cut in a, and bad ones in all the
others.

floiliats' Jloujiira.

Chrysanthemums at Cheshunt. — Messrs.
Paul & Son have this season made a display of Chry-
santhemums in their nursery at Cheshunt. A house
60 feet by 20 feet has been filled with a selection of
old and new kinds. There is a good group of the
new variety Bendigo, which, it seems, is a sport from
Eve ; it is of a pleasing yellow tint. Dr. Sharpe is
better grown here than usual ; Angelina is a fine buff-
coloured variety ; Album plenum, a fine white
Japanese ; Angela, lilacy-pink ; He Japonaise,
pretty ; Harlequin, pale buff; Mons. Planchman,
lilac-mauve ; Mons. Castel, crimson, with gold
centre ; Thunberg, fine golden-yellow ; Safrano, pale
primrose, distinct in form and colour, and of good
form ; Source d'Or, one of the finest Japenese kinds,
cinnamon, shaded gold ; Henri Jacotot, brownish-
crimson, large size. The following two pompons, La
Desiree, blush, and Snowdrop, white, are very desir-
able. Madame Feral has reflexed light purple
flowers, in the way of Christine ; Tendresse is a very
distinct Japanese variety, of a salmon-purple tint,
and free in blooming. It would be superfluous to
enumerate all, or even a large part of the fine collec-
tion ; but one thing was noteworthy, and that was the
healthy state of the plants. Mr. Paul informed me
that on the first appearance of mildew the leaves were
dusted with flowers of sulphur, and this was just
before they were taken into the house. This simple
treatment has kept them free from the pest. Green-
fly should be destroyed on its first appearance also
by dusting with tobacco-powder.

In another house were arranged winter-flowering
Carnations of a very dwarf type. The strain came
from France, and the plants seen were probably
raised there too. They are as dwarf as forcing Pinks,
and very free in growth, each one having a large
quantity of foliage. Perhaps the finest of the group
was Mdlle. Carle, a pure white, with broad well
formed petals. Bernhardt Voight is a very free flower-
ing, red, with a reddish-violet flake— a distinct and
good kind ; F. Tokornya, pale rosy-lilac — a pretty
semi-double kind ; Miss Bernard, fine deep purple —
a well formed full flower ; La Zouave, reddish-scar-
let, lighter stripes; George Paul is distinct, large,
full flower, the centre of petals yellowish, the margin
being rose, but the yellow tint runs into the margin ;
Irma, brilliant rose — a very pretly kind, with large
well formed flowers. It is well to note that there are

two varieties of it — one with paler flowers, and the
colour in flakes ; the self is by far the best. In a
warm house there was a fine batch of Begonia Moon-
light, a fine late autumn or winter-flowering variety,
with creamy-white flowers. Mr. Paul also thinks
very highly of the Tea-Rose Sunset. It is a sport from
Perle des Jardins, a sort which originated in America.
The colour is almost identical with that of Madame
Falcot, and as full as the flowers of the variety from
which it sprang. J. Douglas.

Chrysanthemums at Victoria Park.— The
display of Chrysanthemums that has been on view to
the public for the past few weeks at Victoria Park is
one of the greatest in extent, if not in variety, in the
neighbourhood of London. The plants number
upwards of 4000, and include representatives of all
sections, mostly all the best of the older varieties.
They are arranged under a temporary framework and
covering of canvas, that may be removed from the
front and replaced as desired, It is about 60 yards
in length, and situated nearly opposite to where the
principal bedding display is in summer. The plants
are arranged in what seems to be the popular way in
London — that of showing a mass of flowers in one face,
with a gradual rise from the dwarf pompons in the
front to the height of standards of other sorts at the
back. Many of the flowers are large, and of fine form,
their size individually being somewhat unnoticed on
account of the prevalence of smaller-flowered but more
floriferous varieties in the group. These latter are
grown with a view to the encouragement of Chrysan^
themum culture amongst the working classes of that
densely-populated neighbourhood. Such well-known
varieties as Emily Dale, Lady Slade, White Globe,
Prince Alfred, Novelty, Empress of India, Mrs. Halli-
burton, Alfred Salter, Eve, Beauty of S'. John's
Wood, Jardin des Plantes, &c., were represented by
large flowers of good substance. Fulgore, Chang,
Peter the Great, Fair Maid of Guernsey, and Grandi-
flora, a beautiful yellow, amongst Japanese ; Lady
Margaret, Gluck, Mr. Astie, and Madame Montels,
amongst Anemone-flowered ; and Bob, Brilliant, Mus-
tapha, and St. Michael, of the pompon sec-
tion, were representative of the excellence of many
old varieties. Crimson Velvet, a reflexed very
dark flower, and Astrolabe, a bronzy-yellow quilled
Japanese of a distinct and fine habit were also
noticeable. Much credit is due to the authorities and
Chrysanthemum growers at Victoria Park for cultivat-
ing, under unfavourable atmospheric conditions, as
regards fogs, &c., such a number of plants to form an
autumn exhibition, that cannot fail to be a source of
attraction and much pleasure to the teeming popula-
tion around. If it were practicable, a glass covering
would be a great improvement, as flowers and foliage
are soon over when crowded in a darkened position
under canvas. An addition of some newer varieties,
that include many of the Japanese section, would also
be of material importance for the display another
year. The Japanese are not nearly so formal as the
incurved sorts, and consequently a group presents a
much finer appearance where a good proportion is
intermixed, y. G.

J4o|VlE j!!l0RRE3P0fJDEJ^ICE.

Uredo, Puccinia, and ^cidium. — No good
would come from a renewed discussion of this
subject {see p. 596) in the Gardeners^ Chronicle,
I have distinctly stated my views at length else-
where. The little lithograph in the Boianisck:
Zeitung of the many times observed fact of a Puc-
cinia and /Ecidium growing side by side is fami-
liar to me, and I have at p. 179 ("Diseases, &c.")
referred to the instance quoted by Mr. Plowright.
The Rev. M. J. Berkeley illustrated (five years pre-
vious to the publication of the Botanische Zeitung
figure) a similar habit of growth in /Ecidium and
Uromyces in the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ August 22,
1874, p. 23S ; and such of the readers of this paper as
care for the subject need not go to a German book,
but may refer to Mr. Berkeley's illustration and
cautious and correct description as given in your
paper. It will be found that Mr. Berkeley does not
commit himself to the views lately taken up with so
much zeal by Mr. Plowright. There is no proof in
either case that the two fungi arise from the same
mycelium. W, G, Sjnith.

Hybridising Potatos at Reading. — In noticing
the very interesting experiments which were success-
fully carried out last summer by Messrs. Sutton at
Reading, the writer was under the impression that
more than one cross had been effected between several
of Messrs. Sutton's best disease-resisting kinds of
Potatos and Solanum Maglia, This is not quit*

correct. He should have said that the cross was
effected with one sort only. The variety used was in
fact a seedling raised by that veteran and successful
breeder, Mr. Fenn of Sulhampstead. It is a Potato
which is not yet on the list among the sorts offered to
the public, but it has proved its merit as a Potato of
good quality and power of resisting disease, and for
that reason it was used as the male parent in the first
successful operation of hybridising between S. tube-
rosum and S. Maglia. It may here be mentioned
that Mr. Fenn also effected last summer a cross
between S. tuberosum and S. Fendleri, which Mr.
Baker describes in his Revieiv of the Tziber-bearing
Species of Solanum as a strongly marked variety of
S. tuberosum, and a native of the mountains of New
Mexico and Arizona. The tubers which provided
Mr. Fenn with the necessary blossoms were sent to
him from Kew Gardens. H. Evershed.

Berries and Birds. — Seeing how rapidly the
berry-loving-birds are devouring the fruit of the trees
thus early this season one might be disposed to accuse
them of being careless for the future, seeing they are
clearing the food that might be of service when severe
winter sets in, and insects and other food of this
character will be difiicult to obtain. Perhaps this
circumstance tends to lessen the regard felt towards
birds by gardeners, who recognise in this fact that not
a few of them are fruit eaters, and when the culti-
vated fruits are gathered they turn their attention to
those borne by trees and shrubs. Some large trees
of Portugal Laurels that a few weeks since were
covered with a wealth of shining black fruits are
nearly denuded of them ; and the coral berries of
Hollies are rapidly disappearing in the same way.
In places those on the red Pyracantha are becoming
lessened from the same cause ; the thrushes appear to
be busy with those of the Mountain Ash. It seems
hard to lose the shining Holly berries so long before
the Christmas season ; but the birds will not be
restrained. They do not seem to be the friends of the
gardener that some good-natured people have supposed
them to be. R. D.

Sowing Scarlet Runner Beans. — If your para-
graph in the leader the week before last required any
confirmation, I could with honesty and truth confirm
all you say respecting the sowing of Scarlet Runner
Beans late. It is a plan that every gardener should
follow. Peas are now nearly finished, in (act my last
dish was gathered on Saturday last, November S, so
that Scarlet Runners are now doubly valuable.
Respecting the varieties of Scarlet Runners, I find
none so abundant as the Girtford Giant. The pecu-
liarity of these Beans is the setting. Scarlet Runner
Beans, as a rule, set badly in the early part of the
season, whilst the Girtford Giant sets its fruit alto-
gether so well. I have repeatedly noticed Girtford
(jiant with quite a handful of Beans on the flower
stem while the older varieties have merely one or
two. I strongly recommend gardeners to give this
Bean a trial. It is large in size and excellent in
flavour. R. Gilbert.

Cobbett's Indian Corn. — It may interest some
of your readers to know, at a time when attention is
being attracted to Maize as a material in a green
state with which to fill silos, that I have this year
ripened the above corn on a measured piece of ground
at the rate of thirteen sacks to the acre, the grain
being much finer than any in the market. I make
no deductions from this fact, but may add that I
have never failed to ripen this corn in the West of
England for forty years. Frederick Fane, Movies
Courts Ritigwood.

Potato Culture for Exhibition Purposes. — It

will be remembered that Mr. J. Hughes, The Gar-
dens, Eydon Hall, Byfleet, was a most successful
exhibitor of Potatos at the annual show held by the
International Potato Committee at the Crystal Palace
in October last. It was the first time that any one
exhibitor had been successful in taking 1st prizes in
the leading classes for twenty-four, eighteen, and
twelve varieties. Naturally enough some curiosity
was aroused on the part of less successful exhibitors
to know in what manner Mr. Hughes cultivated
these fine samples. His method of culture does not
materially differ from that of others, but he possesses a
soil well adapted for the cultivation of clean and
handsome samples ; and here he has an advantage
over some others not so advantageously situated. It
will not suprise any one to find that the particular
soil in which his Potatos are grown one year is not
used for the same purpose the next season ; but his
prize Potatos follow some other crop. A good
dressing of spent hotbed manures given to the previous
crop, and this ground is dug as early in the autumn
as possible, and it is forked over between then and the
lime for planting as often as opportunity will admit
of its being done. The oftener this can be done the
better undoubtedly. During the operation of forking
over the soil is made as fine as possible, and by plant-
ing time it is, to use Mr. Hughes* own phrase, "as

November 2i, 1884,]

T//B GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

661

fine as flour." To this part of his cultural process
Mr. Hughes attaches great importance, and he states
he has always noticed that Potato crops are much
heavier on ground so treated. In the spring a good
dressing of ashes, formed of burnt prunings of fruit
trees, clippings of hedges, &c., in fact anything that
will burn and be reduced to .ashes, and this is regarded
as of more value to the crop than manure ; it acts as
a useful stimulant, and causes the ground to work
very free. The consequence is the tubers come out
of it handsome, clean, bright, and of good size. The
foregoing information gives what Mr. Hughes regards
as the backbone of his cultural system. As a matter
of course he is careful in the selection of the sets and
preparing them for planting, but every cultivator
knows the advantage of that. Very much depends
on the proper preparation of the ground : Mr. Hughes
knows this full well, and his success as an exhibitor
attests to its great value. R. D.

National Auricula and Carnation and Pico-
tee Society : Southern Section. — The commu-
nication from Mr. Douglas, published in your issue of
the Sih inst., suggests such erroneous issues, and so
completely avoids the point of difference between us,
that I must beg your permission to offer a brief com-
ment. Mr. Douglas states that I " refused " to call a
meeting for October 14. Let me recite the very
words of my reply :— "As to a meeting, you had
better seek the direction of Mr. Moore, the Chairman
of Committees, Mr. Shirley Hibberb, or whom else
you may think fit to consult. As I see the question
nothing can be less desirable. Not only would it not
avoid the 'public display' you expressed your re-
solve on August S to avert, but it would absolutely
create it." I submit this is a very different thing to a
refusal. It was conceived and expressed in a desire to
induce Mr. Douglas to seek conciliatory counsel and
restore harmony, though I bated no jot of my determi-
nation to unmask, if possible, the covert assailants who
had for so long made me the object of their attack.
Next as to the point at issue between us, and Mr.
Douglas' " amazement " that I should think " explana-
tion necessary." The subject involves far more than
matter personal to myself. It was this :— On July 22,
perlectly voluntarily, Mr. Douglas informed me " if
I won the Veitch prize I would not be allowed to
hold it, for all the committee, even Dr. Masters, were
prepared to vote I was not an amateur." Physical
prostration prevented my subjecting this statement to
any test at the moment. At an early date after my
return home I wrote drawing Mr. Douglas' attention
to the consequences involved if his statement were
duly warranted — the implication of concerted action
behind my back, the inconsistency of objecting to
me as an amateur competitor for the Veitch prize,
and offering no protest in regard to the ordinary
classes, and the strange contradiction of such action to
the expressed sense of the meeting of April 22, of
which the President of the Carnation Society had
recorded his opinion that I was not only an amateur,
but a very distinguished amateur. Finally, I stated
my conviction he had been misled, and begged he
would enable me to unravel the matter by informing
me of all he knew. To my surprise and deep
regret Mr. Douglas refused this information. He
replied, " I am quite ready to say as much as I
have said to you at the next committee meeting
or general meetmg ; further than that, it is not
fair to press me. All the parties implicated
will be there, and it can be settled by word
of mouth at once. We shall have no more
public displays if I can help it. Besides, it was only
a hint I gave you for your private information.
When another meeting is called it will be well to
state that a part of the business will be to accept my
resignation as hon. sec, because I cannot continue
to hold office as the business is at present managed."
Severe affliction in my family prevented me prosecut-
ing the matter for some time. In September I
returned to it again, and reasoned against the course
proposed by Mr. Douglas, but in vain. He would
make the statement in committee, not to me. Those
interested in the fortunes of the societies will decide
whether the arrangement should be with me or
Mr. Douglas, when I state Mr. Douglas informs
me he made no reference whatever to this incident
at the meeting of October 14, which proceeded
so summarily to depose me. Some other points
might well be dilated on, but I fear to encroach on
your space. Mr, Douglas says we have no precedents !
He ignores our eight years' work and our seven an-
nual reports 1 He says of the meeting of October 14,
" Mr. Dodwell knew quite well why the meeting was
called ; the members of the committee, I think, did
not." What, then, were the terms of the notice con-
vening the meeting, and how was the business
opened ? Well may Mr. Douglas desire to keep back
a copy of bis minute-book. In his closing paragraph
Mr. Douglas propounds a very large question. He
says : — " Surely Mr. Dodwell cannot believe that
the gentlemen present on October 14 would know-
ingly transact any business that was not fair and open,
or that they were animated by any personal animosity
to him ? " Well, I have implicit confidence in the

large majority of the gentlemen present, .and entertain
for them the highest respect ; but Mr. Douglas must
be strangely forgetful of some recent events if he sup-
poses I make no reservation, even forgetful of very re-
cent language of his own, C. S, Doiiu'dl, OxfotJ,
A^ci' 10 [We can insert no more on this subject,
which will be discussed, it is to be presumed, at the
forthcoming meeting. En ]

Double Primroses— " K. D." thinks this class
of plants requires so much attention that their culti-
vation is almost given up, excepting the old Double
White, which is the best for market and cut flowers, I
forward you a few specimens of various kinds which
I grow ; they are not quite in character yet, as most of
the varieties are not in flower. I find no difficulty
whatever in propagating or growing this class of
plants, as I have been successful with them for many
years. Hy. 'yohnston. [The specimens forwarded
were excellent samples, and of varied colour, from pure
white to deep rosy-lilac. We shall be glad to learn
your method of culture, Ed.]

Chrysanthemums for Cutting. — In the collec-
tion now in flower at Chiswick there are two varieties
I hat most appropriately were under this denomina-
tion. One is the Japanese M. Charles Hubert,
remarkably free and very handsome, the rich shaded
orange and crimson florets being tipped with gold ;
and a pompon variety named Melanie, pure white,
very free, the flowers borne in charming bunches. As
Mr. Barron grows Chrysanthemums one gets a good
idea of their value for cutting and decorative pur-
poses ; they are so different to those plants that are
allowed to carry only a very few large show flowers.
R.

Profits of Woodlands. — Mr. Strickland takes
exception to some of my statements favouring group-
ing to that of mixing plantations, but I infer from
the tone of his remarks that he will not seriously
object to the grouping system advocated by me when
he has had the whole practice explained, which it is
my purpose to do in future papers on this and kindred
subjects. The relative value of Scotch Fir, Larch,
and Spruce, surprizes him, but it need not, for as a
matter of fact the Norway Spruce on soft, dampish
ground suited to it, grows better, and sooner attains
size and value than any other forest tree than I am
acquainted with. In a mixed plantation, consisting
of Spruce, Larch, and Scotch Fir, &c,, which we
are cutting at the present time, the Norway Spruce
are worth about double any of the others upon the
soft ground. C. Y, Michie, Cullin Home, Nov. 15,

Scabious, — It is only those who have grown the
dwarf Scabious who can have any idea how useful
they are, as their persistent blooming is something
remarkable, for they are about the first things in and
the last out, especially if old plants be kept and
turned into beds or borders in spring, or cuttings are
struck early in autumn and grown on till the same
time of year. Although so late ours are still gay,
and to-day (Nov, 15) we have cut many flowers, and
if the present mild weather continues shall be able to
cut many more. Not only are these varieties of
Scabious fine for beds and borders, but they are also
very valuable for pots, as they make a fine show in a
greenhouse, where they may be had in bloom nearly
the whole season. The best way to startwith them is
to get a packet of seed, from which great variety may
be obtained, when the plants affording the best blooms
and colours should be selected for propagating by
means of their cuttings, which strike freely in heat.
The proper time to sow the seed is in March or April,
and as the plants are nearly hardy the seedlings may
be pricked out and nursed on in any cold frame.
Those we have in borders stood out all last winter,
and we always find they flower better than young
ones, unless they get much crippled and cut by the
frost. J. S.

Double Daffodils Producing Seed. — On
June 24 I gathered a capsule of ripe seeds from a
plant of double Daffodil which had been carefully
marked and observed. There were nine shining
black seeds, and they were at once sown in a pot and
covered with a sheet of glass. On examining the pot
to-day I found four of them showing long grass-like
blades an inch long. Here, therefore, we have a
completion of the proof that double Daffodils may
produce ripe seeds. Whether the plants will turn out
double or single will be the ne.xt point to be carefully
noted, but this will be five years hence. Win. Brock-
hank, Brockhtirst, Duishtry, Nov. 15,

Nerine venusta,— In reply to the enquiry of Mr.
R, T, Clarke, Hornsea, I beg to state that I suppose
those offered by Messrs, E, G. Henderson & Son to
be true to name. It is really a pity that such con-
fusion exists as to the names of these bulbs. For
several years I tried to collect all existing species and
forms from all available sources, and I sometimes get
a plant under three different names. We have only

insuflicient descriptions and figures of the older sorts,
and even now it is very ditiicult to determine which
is which. N. amabilis is a hybrid of N. pudica crossed
by humilis major, and was raised by me several years
ago. Among the batch then raised I obtained a
much larger flowered variety, which is very flori-
ferous, valuable for its late flowering and bright rose
colour. Perhaps next season I shall be able to arrange
and publish a list of the species and varieties most
desirable to grow. Max LeUhtlin, Badtn- Baden.

Primula japonica. . — I have often thought how
e.isily a useful plant becomes unpopular and very little
grown when the culture is not well known, and this
has (alien in a great measure to the lot of that good
and not very old plant. Primula japonica. No plant,
if well done and planted in masses, can give a better
eflect as a late spring liower either for cutting or
show, but for such purposes the usual way of splitting
the plants must always end in failure from several
causes ; one in particular is, that the old plants are
very subject to red-spider in dry weather. Here we
always raise the plants from seed, and work them on
just as we do the Polyanthus, in a rather shady
border. In this way they are easy to manage, and
the effect when in flower is very fine ; they are so
easy to grow in this way, either to sow the seed in
the open border, or under a hand-glass, so that even
cottagers might have them. William Culverwetl,
Thorpe Peryo^c.

Unseasonable Blooming of Fruit Trees. —
With reference to the eflect of the unusual warmth of
the season on vegetation in many parts of the country,
I should like to add my testimony as to what was
quite recently observed here. Two of the standard
Apple trees in the garden were in full bloom, on one
of which fruits were found as large as Filberts. Prim-
roses also 'are in bloom at this unusual period, W.
Preston, Hii^hlands, Higher Runcorn.

Semiannular Pipes. — When I was rearranging
the pits at Malvern House, Sydenham, I had occasion
to move some hot-water piping which had evidently
been put down, as far as I could learn, for many
years ; the iron pipes were of the oldest pattern, and
had become quite brittle. Although there was very
little flow through them I was surprised to find the
deposit in these pipes almost nil, and there was
hardly any corrosion, although it is well known that
the water-supply of Sydenham deposits in the boilers
a very large amount of incrustation — so much so that
we have to clean out the kitchen boiler every six
months, or else it would be full of shale, I don'i,
therefore, anticipate any difficulty from shale or cor-
rosion in the narrow chamber through which the
water passes, but, like everything else, it is well to
give a trial not only to the narrow width I suggest,
but also to wider widths, as mentioned by Mr, John
Charlton, Having thought out this subject pretty
clearly I may further remind Mr, Charlton that as
such a small quantity of water is necessary it is not
difficult to secure rain-water at first starting,
when an ordinary well supply is known to deposit
lime largely, I feel quite sure that the innovation I
have made will be a long time coming into
use, and an immense opposition will be brought
forward by the manufacturers of the present
form cf annular pipes, therefore I have been
enabled to decide the question by the satisfactory
working of the small greenhouse boilers and semi-
annular piping heated by a Rippingill lamp by
making an apparatus for heating small greenhouses,
halls, and passages, I may here say how very much
indebted I am to gentlemen and ladies who are work-
ing these apparatuses for the kind manner in which
they are sending me in the particulars not only of the
successes, but of any defects they may notice, because
there are other novelties introduced to enable the
Rippingil! lamps to be burnt in the greenhouses, and
the whole of the heat caught in the cover or screen,
fumes being carried out by very slight tin piping at
the top of the house. Here egain we find that this
chimney causes a draught and current of air, making
the flame of the lamp do its work much more effec-
tively in heating the boiler, Thos. Christy.

Rare Fruits at Cambridge,— Though Pandanus
furcatus probably has fruited before in this country,
as on the Continent, I can find no record, and there-
fore the fine cluster that has been produced deserves
mention. Vitis gongylodes, which before resisted the
help of artificial pollenation, has at last consented to
bear three fruits, Perhapsonehundred flowers werepol-
lenised, so that it is far from being a free- fruiting plant.
These are now as large as Marrowfat Peas, and will
no doubt mature. They came in the position of fullest
light, Thladiantha dubia has fruited this year, and
most probably for the first time in Britain, The
female plant was once reported to be in the garden
of the late Daniel Hanbury, but I never heard of its
fruiting, and I can find no record in the Gardeners^
Chronicle of its fruiting anywhere, I had the good for-
tude to get this female from seed, sent me from the

^(ilt

THE GARDRNEkS' CHRONICLE.

[KoVBMbBR 22, ISS4.

Jardin des Plantes, and there was one only among a
number of males. The fruil is about 2 inches long,
oval, and of dull red or mahogany colour, R, I.
Lynch,

Lifting Dahlia Roots.— The extent to which
Dahlias are now grown, and especially the single
varieties, makes a reference to the process of lifting
and storing the roots a seasonable matter. In some
places Dahlias are quite destroyed by the frost ;
in others the visitatiun has been less severe in its
(. Meets, and yet, although it is now November, a
few Howers yet show themselves. There is no
necessity for lifting the roots so long as the weather
keeps genial and pleasant. The usual plan is to cut
away the foliage to within 6 or S inches of the ground
when it is fast decaying after frost, and clear it away.
Then when sharper frost threatens the roots should
be dug up, clearing away some of the soil, but leaving
some between the tubers. A fork is the best tool to
use, getting it well under the roots. It will be
observed that the main stem is hollow, and it will be
5ecn to contain water. A mat should be spread upon
the ground, and, as the roots are lifted, they should
be turned upside down, so that the water can run
out of ihe stem, and the soil about the roots dry
sumcubat. If rain threatens or frost is imminent,
then a second mat should be thrown over the roots,
and especially at night. It has been found by expe-
rience that Dahlia roofs keep better during the
winter through having some soil left upon them— it
tends to keep the fleshy roots iilump ; if they were
cleansed of soil at once they are apt to shrivel. A
dry cool loft or cellar is the best place in which to
keep the roots- they simply require to be kept from
frosi, and heat is not necessary unless frost should
render it necessary. Some growers stow their roots
away with the necks downwards. During the winter
the soil on them dries thoroughly, and they can be
cleansed of it with ease. 13ut the roots must be
examined occasionally during the winter monlhs.
R. D.

Gigantic French Bean. — I forward you a Bean-
pod raised from seeds sent me by a friend a short
time since. I raised them, and when strong turned
them out, giving them a place in the Cucumber-house.
They have grown quite freely, and produced a nice
lot of pods, which form an interesting sight ; the pods
vary from iS inches to 2 feet in length. Last week I sent
a dish to my employer's table, and was pleased to hear
from him that they tasted crisp and good. It is very
productive, and I believe it may be made a valuable
winter vegetable. The name sent with the seed is
Dolichos sesquipedalis. C, Ilazel^ The Gardens,
Caunl's //ousl\ IVi/nbonie^ Dorset,

Acorns. — It may be interesting to note the extra-
ordinary abundance of acorns this season. Oak trees
everywhere, large and small, are covered with them,
and the produce muit amount to hundreds of thou-
sands of bushels — a rich treat for the pigs, pheasants,
wood pigeons, and squirrels, who are doubtless the
largest consumers of them. //'. //. Rogers, South'
amp ton.

Phlox Drummondi. — Like many other flowers,
the Phlox Diummondi has been greatly improved of
late years, for not only have the blooms increased in
size, but ihey are now most brilliant and rich in
colour, and more particularly is this so wiih the very
fine variety named grandiflora, the flowers of which
are nearly as large as a florin. For bedding, Phlox
Drummondi is quite unrivalled among annuals, for
instead of being fugacious, like many of them, it is
very lasting, as the plants come early into liloom and
continue in full beauly all through the summer, and
far into the autumn, in seasons like the present,
when ihe weather is mild. Some I have seen
Ill-day (Nov. 15) are still fresh and hnc, and bright
and cheeiful ihcy look now there is so Utile in beds or
borders beyond the planis fast going to rest. To
have them good, the soil they arc grown in must be
rich and deep, otherwise they suffer from drought and
die ofif or run into seed. S,

Continental Novelties in Flowers.— Among
the many novelties that find a place in the lists of the
German seedsmen at this season of the year, there arc
two at least that appear likely to prove acccplable to
Knglibh flnwer gardeners. One of these is a double
form of the wclllniown Acroclinium album. Two
years ago ihe double A. roseum wss introduced, and
it has given great satisfaction ; some time ago the
double white type was submitted to the I'loral Com-
mittee of the Koynl Hoiticultural Society and awarded
a Kirst-class Certificate of Merit. It is said to be a
stronger grower than the single white, while the indi-
vidual flowers are larger. The other is a double
white perennial Candytuft — Iberis sempervirens flore-
plenii. This appears to bear about the same relation
to the single form as the double white IJouvardia does
to the single. As a spring-flowering plant the ever-
green Candytuft is well known, and given a good

double-flowered type, it is certain the flowers must be
much more durable ir. character. As the double form
does not seed it is being offered in planis, which vmII
not be delivered in this country until April I. P^ih
the foregoing novelties are from the establishment of
Mr. J, C. Schmidt, of Erfurt, Germany. A'.

Royal Horticultural : Nov. 11.

Scientific Committee, —E. Loder, Esq , in the
chair.

\\'€cvih AlUukifV^ Orchils.— Vii. Pascoe exhibiltd
specimens of Acythopeus, n. sp., from Borneo ard
elsewhere in the East Indies, imported with the
Orchids which they attacked.

Or<liids^ Phoioi^raphs of. — Mr. Smee exhibited
photographs of Orchids as growing during the sum-
mer out-of-doors. They were taken into the house in
October. Several had flowered during the three
monlhs they were out.

Knot in Birch. — Mr. MacLachlan showed solid
woody knots, apparently embryo buds, of I to I ^ inch
in diameter.

Cockroaches in the Pahnstove. — He also showed
specimens of Periplaneta americana occurring at Kew,
received from Mr. Dyer.

I\hudcvaUia Leaves Diseased. — Mr. W. G. Smith
showed specimens badly infested with Prutomyccs
concomilans growing in the intercellular spaces. Mr,
Boscawen thought it might have been attacked by a
thrip. Mr. Smith had not observed any. Mr.
MacLachlan remarked that Portschinsky said that
thrips only attacked unhealthy plants, but he could
not assent to the statement.

Lilium uziratum, hiilhifcrous. — Mr. G. F. Wilson
brought stems of this Lily provided with aerial bulbs
like the bulbiferous section. He remarked that L.
longifolium often* bears them. He stated that the
frosts of April cut down the young stems of L.
speciosum, but the bulbs left in the ground appeared
to be larger, with bulbils also in some cases, notwith-
standing the foliage being unformed.

Diseased Pear Stems. — Mr. Murray reported on these,
and said that though some fungus was present he could
not account for the injury. He thought younger
specimens might be studied with advantage.

Experiments at Chiswick to test the "Jensenian system
of Mouldini;-np Potatos. — The report was submitted
by Dr. M. T. Masters, and embodied the results of
experiments carried out under the superintendence of
the sub-committee. The chief conclusions arrived at
were as follows : — i. Earthing-up increases the period
of vegetation and the amount of produce ; "except
in one instance (whole tubers, bent tops, Adirondack)
the produce of the sections earthed up for the
longest period is markedly in excess of that yielded by
the sections earthed-up for the shortest time." It
may, however, be observed that tubers not earthed-
up at all (control rows) yielded the largest quantity,
but the worst in quality and the most liable to disease.
2. Bending the haulm reduces the produce ; but con-
clusions from these experiments cannot be accurately
deduced, " nor is it practicable to dissociate the
ertects of the bending from those of earthing-
up." Mr. Plowright observes that bending
should not be done while the Potatos are in blossom,
but before July 15 and after 2J<1 no deterioration of
the tubers occurred in experiments in Holland.
\_Gardencrs'' Chronicle, April, 1SS4 ] Moreover, the
bending the tops is practically almost impossililc, if
not useless, from the quantity of foliage and the
quick recovery of position. 3. The effect of cutting
the tubers is shown in a marked deficiency of produce
compared with the result from using whole tubers,
there being a difference of about lo lb. in favour of
whole tubers o( Recorder, and of 12 lb. in the case of
Adirondack. 4, Amount of disease. So trifling has
been the attacks of Phytophthora, that, as far as any
results could be obtained to test the Jensenian method
of moulding, they are practically nil. Many Potatos
were, however, characterised by reddish or brown
spots dispersed through the tuber, the cause of which
is at present inexplicable. Tubers thus affected are
called "suspects" in the repor'.. The true Potato
disease was almost exclusively confined to Recorder,
and lo tubers carlhed-up a proporlionately short time.
In the control rows, however, both varieties were
affected. It was moved by Mr. Grole, and seconded
by the Hon. and Rev. Mr. lioscawen, that the same
suij-committee be instructed to carry out a repetition
of the experiments at Chiswick in 1SS5, to test the
Jensenian method of protecting Potatos from the
attacks of Phytophthora.

L\^lato Diseases. — A communication was read from
Mr. Plowright, of which the following is an abstract : —
The chief diseased conditions are; — A, Diseased con-
ditions arising from causes afl'ecting the growth of the
plant itself: (l) green tubers, (2) hollow tubers, (j)
supertuberation. 13, Diseased conditions arising from

causes external to the plant: (i) "ThePotato disease"
(Phytophthora infestans), (2) wet rot (Bacillus amylo-
bacter. Van Tieghem), (3) diy rot, (4) ^cab, (5)
spotting or mottling. Passing over A (i) as unim-
portant, the author observes that hollow tubers are a
reversion to the normal state of aerial stems. The
cells bordering the cavily have no starch, and aie
suberised. Tubers dise.ised by Phytophthora aie
characterised by being first affected on the surface, ;s
Kuhn pointed out in 1S59 as the zoospores attack it
through the epidermis. The author quotes the view
that the mycelium penetrates the tuber by ihe haulm —
a view held in this country but not on the Continent ;
and he remarks that the former view is proved by
experiments, whereas the latter has not been experi-
mentally tested, except that when cotton wool is
wrapped round a portion of ihe stem, and all the rest
artificially infected with the disease, the protected
part alone remains entirely free from mycelium. The
deep brown and opaque places are not diffused but
harder and drier than the rest. The cultivation cf
the fungus is easy, but it soon loses the power to pro-
duce conidia. The browning appears in two days at
a temperature of 75"^, but after longer periods with
lower temperature.

Wet Rot. — Potatos diseased with this decay in pits
and in the ground. It is caused by Bacillus amylo-
bacter. This microbe attacks the cell-walls. It is
very infectious. To cultivate Phytophthora without the
Bacillus it is necessary to desiccate the slices of Pota-
tos charged with the former, as the latter then dies,
or is quiescent.

Dry I\ot. — This occurred to a great extent in Ger-
many in 1S30, and has been common there ever since
1S4Z. The Potato is "dead looking," and has
brownish or bluishy-spots within — in old stages the
interior is a mass of yellowish-white and friable sub-
stance. It has not been noticed to any extent in
England.

Scab. — This is unimportant. The cause appears to
be unknown ; but the author is inclined to think it is
an effort to form cork to prevent the entrance of
fungi.

Spotted and Mottled Tithers.~T\it%t spots diflfer
from those due to Phytophthora — r, being inside the
tubers ; 2, they are neither so opaque nor so dry nor
deep in colour. No trace of a mycelium was to be
found, and no conidia could be obtained by cultiva-
tion by De Bary, Rostrup, Jensen, Plowright, Murray,
or Henslow. Mr. Jensen suggested it might be an
incipient stage of dry rot, but Klihn negatives this
view. Mr. Plowright adds that a crop was unsaleable
this season, as it cannot be foretold how many tubers
may not be attacked. Mr. Plowright also forwarded
specimens of tubers — i, diseased by Phytophthora
through the epidermis ; 2, mottled ; 3, wet rot as it
occurs naturally with Phytophthora ; and 4, artifici-
ally induced on sound tubers ; 5. Spicaria Solani ; 6,
Acrostalagamus cinnabarinus. He also sent copies of
Reincke and Berthhnld's figures of Bacteria, showing
starch grains in the process of dissolution of Bacillas
amylobactcr. With reference to Mr. Plowrighl's
statement that mycelium was not found in the part
protected by cotton wool, Mr. W. G. Smith reported
that he had carefully examined the experimental
specimens forwarded to the last meeting, and had
found mycelium throughout the stem, quite as much
under the wool as elsewhere. Mr. Plowright alluded
to Mr. Murray's experience in getting the mycelium
to penetrate the tough skin of Champions as corro-
borating De Bary's statement. T\Ir. Murray said that
it was only in the case of about three or four tubers
out of 100 that succeeded, but that he had repeatedly
traced the mycelium down the haulm along the sub-
terranean branches and into the tubers.

Potato Stleiolia. — Mr. W. G. Smith had carefully
isolated these bodies on a slide, and treated them with
nitric acid, which destroyed a coat of calcium oxalate,
and revealed an oval plasmode-like body exactly as
Mr. Wilson has done, as reported below. He had
found similar bodies in Phytophthora Schleidcniaiia in
Onions and in P. nivca on Parsley. Mr. Murray
said he had found similar bodies in perfectly healthy
plants, and suggested that Mr. ^ViIson should repeat
his experiments, and that he would test Mr. Wilson's.
Mr. Bennett raised the question whether malate of lime
might not be present, as malic acid was particularly
abundant in vegetables.

'J7ic I''ofalo Sclero/ia. — A communicition was read
from Mr, A. Stephen Wihon on ihe so-called Sclero-
tia founil in the foliage of Potato.'?. After referring lo
the history uf theni, and to the negative results of
Mr. Muri.ay and Dr. Flight, who regarded them as
calcium oxalate, and not living bodies, he considt-rs
ihose observers as acting under a misconception, in
that they attempted to make a parasite grow in dead
matter. Hence Mr. Wilson traced the results of
" myceliation " while the tissue was living, and found
that the granules of the spherical bodies contained
within the coating of lime threw up a complete crop
of Phytophthora in a night's tiuie. He gives a
description of his experiments willi nitric acid, which,
by careful application, dissolves the lime hut leaves a
pellucid ball of gr.inular plasm behind. "This is
everywhere permeated by sporidic granules, some of

November

1SS4.]

THE G.'4kDENERS' CflkONICLE.

663

a round form, olhers of an oblong form, like short
pieces of excessively delicate mycelium. The whole
has a soft hue, like tine pencillin;^, and the oullmc is
in most places perfectly definitive, with here and
there a break, as if part of the material has flowed
out at the side," . . . '* A conidium of V. infcs-
tans is about half the size of one of ihcsc bodies,
and the contents of the conidium arc optically very
similar to those of the sclerotium as seen after being
divested of its calcareous coaling, and both equally
give rise to mycelium."

The author then gives measurements, and obscrvci
that other plasmodialing fun^i aic coated with lime,
as some of the Myxumycetes.

Sf-animuiiia iniii //oya /\oo!s C"/// /'/'///;■■. — Mr. Plow
right sent specimens, which were referred to Mr.
Smith and Mr. MacL:ichIan for examinatii»n and
report.

Edinburgh Botanicsl : /Vov. 13. — The first
meeting for the session was held at 5, St. .*\ndrew Square,
when the I'resident, W. M. lioyd, Ksq , delivtied his
retiring address. He directed attention to ihc subject
of mosses. One marked feature, he said, of the present
day was the rapidly increasing t;istc for scientihc know-
ledge among all classes of pcopli*. and the increased
facilities for its acquirement. Botany was. perhaps, one
science which had of late years increased most rapitily in
popular favour. In our country mosses had recently
received, and were daily securing, the attention of culti-
vators ; and Mr. Boyd pointed out that their great
variety and interesting features opened up a pleasant and
profitable field of study. In concluding his address, the
President spoke of the advantageous influence of the
Forestry lixhibition, whicli he regarded aa the greatest
botanical event of the year, and expressed the hope that
one of its results would be llie establishment of a fully-
equipped School of Forestry in Edinburgh, seeing that
forestry was closely interwoven with our national pros-
perity.

Dr. Paterson. Bridge of Allan, sent for exhi-
bition a cluster of flowets, fourteen in number, of the
beautiful Lapageria alba on a single stem, this abnormal
occurrence being somewhat rare. Dr. A. P. Altken
cxliibited a specimen of, and read a note on. Astragalus
moUissimus, a weed chiefly found in tlic northern part of
Texas, and described by the friend who sent it to him as
having an efiect on horses similar to that of opium on
the hum in frame. It was called " loco," and the horse
became dazed, grew thin, and died, and some ranch e-
nien lost largely by its effects. Dr. Aitken mentioned
that he intended to experiment upon it in order to ascer-
tain more definitely whether it was a narcotic.

Mr. Lindsay staled that, through the kindness of the
Japanese Commissioners to the International Forestry
Exhibition and Dr. Cleghorn, a Urge quantity of seeds
of Japanese trees and shrubs, many of them new to culti-
vation, had been presented to the Royal Botanic
Garden. The seeds appear hkely to germinate, and
may yet not only form a lasting memorial of the exhibition
recently closed, but might also form a most interesting
exhibition of their own.

The Rev. D. Sandsborough, Kilmirnock, gave a re-
port on Australian and New Zealand trees and plants
grown on the east coast of Arran. He said :—

The island of Arran enjoys a climate in which the
severity of winter is as little felt as in any part of Britain.
The east coast is specially mild, as here cold frosty winds
are tempered by crossing the sea, while their force is
destroyed by the high mountains of the Cioatfell range
rising immediately from the coast to a height of 2866
feet, \shich so lift up the wind, that trees along the co;ist
instead of being scourged, actually in full luxuriance
overhang the sea at high tide. He had therefore confined
the experiment! he had been kindly permitted to make,
to this side of the island. The measurements were taken
in the beginning of August, and unless otherwise
mentioned, are made 5 feet from the ground.

Gum Trees. — The first place is due to the Gums, as
these are the loftiest trees in the world. Fortunately my
list includes two of the most notable species — the Blue
Gum, growing to the height of 330 feet, and famous for
its sanatory properties ; and the Almond-leaved Gum,
which grows in Australia to the height of 430 feet.

Eucalyptus globulus (Blue Gum), at Lamlash. — Girth,
I foot jI inches ; height, about 30 feet. Another at
Strabane, Brodick, was planted this spring.

Eucalyptus amygdalina, Corrie (Almond-leaved Gum),
25 feet high, 11 inches in girth.

Eucalyptus coriacea (White Gum), Lamlash. — The
seed of this Gum was received in the spring of 1879.
The tree is now 14 feet 6^ inches in height, witti a
girth of 4j inches.

Eucalyptus Gunnii (Mountain White Gum), Lamlash,
3 feet 10 inches in height.

Eucalyptus alpina (.\ipine Gum), Corrie, 3 feet in
height.

With the exception of the blue and the alpine these
species are also growing at the Rev. Dr. Story's, Rose-
neath ; Mr. Scoulars, Tighnabruaich : and at Balinakill,
Kintyre. Their hardihood will thus be further tested.
In Arran not a leaf of the White Gum (E. coriacea) was
even browned in the severe winter of 1879-80. This
year at the Forestry Exhibition I saw branches of these
and other Gums from Antibes, in the south-west coast
ol France. They were not a whit more luxuriant than
similar branches in Arran. though the rate of growth at
Antibes is three or four times greater.

Cabbiige Palms. — The Dracaenas (Cordylines) are
favourite plants in Australia, avenues being formed of
them as at Ballarat Botanic Gardens. They grow in Arran
in the utmost luxurian'-e, and have never been eveq
browned by frost,

Cordyline indivisa, 12 feet 10 inches high (including
leaves), i foot 5 inches girth i3 inches from the ground ;
leaves 3 feet to inches in length, 2 inches in breadth.

Cordyline Veitchit, 9 feet ii inches high, i foot 4 inches
girth at 12 inches from die ground ; leaves 2 feet xi inches
in length by 1] inch broad.

Cordyline austr.dis, 9 feet 7 inches high, 11 inches
girth at 12 inches from the ground ; leaves 3 feet 7 inches
long and \\ inch hroad.

.As these Cordylines are in perfect health and growing
rapidly, it may be expected that they will bloom ere 1 jng.
Tnc specimen of C. indivisa w;is sown in 1872 ; the
others were given him at a later dale.

Tree Ferns. — So far as he was aware the Island of Arran
is the only place in l^ritain where Tree Ferns altogiuher
unprotected grow luxuriantly in the o|)t;n air. i hree
spjcies li.ive been tried. Cyathca dL'alb.ita stood a
winter, but was stolen the following summer. Tlie two
growing at present are Dicksonia antarctica, i foot
II inches high, girth 2 feet 3 inches ; has a crown of six-
teen fronds, each about s\ f*^"^* in length by i foot
8 inches in breadth. Dicksonia squarrosa, 7 inches high,
lo inches in girth, fronds 2 feet 8 inches in length by
I foot 3 inches in breadth. Dicksonia antarctic t was
planted in i3'37, when it was very smiU— about the size
of a plant of Cystoptcris fragilis. It was ten years
before it^ stem beg.in to grow in height, having in this
time acquired its full girth. Dicksonia squarrosa was
planted in 1877, and had even then a stem of about
4 inches in height. It is in a colder .situation than D.
antarctica, and was accidentally much injured a summer
ago.

Todea superba and Todea hymenophylloides ( not
Tree Ferns), both grow well.

Becfwoods : Casuarina cquisetifolia (Ile-Oik), 10 feet
io\ inches in height, was planted in 1882, when it was
81 feet liigli. He hoped by another year to try E. quadri-
valvis (She-Oak) and E. suberosa (Cork Oak), of both of
which he had specimens.

Pittosporums : Pittosporum tenuifolium, planted this
year in Brodick C;istle High Garden.

Brambles: Rubus australis, planted this year in the
Brodick Castle High Garden on a north wall, where it is
growing admirably, and has a more tropical appear-
ance than any plant in the garden, its leares being even
finer than those of Aralia Veitchii and much more
curious, as they are studded over with little white prickles.
They would form a beautiful fringe to a bouquet. If
abundant in Australia its innumerable prickles must render
it a perfect torment in the bush, for they are sharp and
turned back and will catch and hold and tear.

Waltles : Acacia melanoxylon (the Black-wood of
Australia). This tree, so valuable as an ornamental
limber in Australia, had not a leaf browned by the severe
winters four or five years ago. It grew most luxuriantly,
which proved its destruction, as it was blown over by
the storms of last winter. A. pycnantha (Golden or
Broad-leaf Wattle), a young plant in Captain Bunn's
garden, Lamlash, is uninjured. A. decurrens (Black or
Feather-leaf Wattle), 5 feet in height, in Captain Bunn's
garden, Lamlash. This is a most beautiful plant.

The Bottle Tree ( Brachyehiton diversifolium).— This
curious plant receives its name from its stem at the base
swelling into the shape of a bottle. He had the promise
of one of these Australian Bottles for Arran.

The Grass Tree (Xanthorrhrea arborea). — This very
remarkable plant (see Balfour's Class-book of Botany,
pp. 92 and 930) is very rare in this country, though well
known in the plains of Australia. Through tlic kind-
ness of a friend its leaves are now waving in front of his
house, enjoying the great heat of our present weather
(August 11). Soon he hoped to see them waving in a
favourable situation in Arran. He might mention that he
saw yesterday in the possession of James Wilson, Esq.,
Kilmarnock, a walking-stick of Grass-tree wood. It
had been shown at the Dunedin Industrial Exhibition.

MiscclLineous Plants, not Australian, — Camellia
(blooms freely). Myrtle (blooms abundantly), Budlcia
globosa (in bloom, very beautiful) ; Desfontainea spinosa,
7 feet 6 inches high, and covered with flowers ; Photinia
serrulata, Elasagnus reflexa variegata, Euonymus lati-
folius aureus, 4 feet 9 inches high ; Coccolobi vesperti-
lionis, Platanus orientalis, 3 feet 0 inche; in girth ; Schizo-
stylis coccinea, blooms most abundantly every year ;
Cunninghamia sinensis (Chinese Broad-leaved Fir),
planted about 1858 by the late Mr. Townley.

Extract from the monthly record of temperature,
vegetation, &c., in the Garden of the Royal Botanic In-
stitution of Glasgow for August, September, and October,
1884. By Mr Bu'I;n, Curator :—

Aii^Qust. — The maximum and minimum temperatures
were high during the month, j^^ to 75'^ being registered
(in the shade) several times. A severe thunderstorm was
experienced on the 12th, resulting in loss of life, and
damage to property in many parts of the country, con-
siderable damage being done here to walks and roads
by the heavy downfall of rain.

On the whole, we have experienced one of the finest
and most favourable (as regards vegetation) months
recorded for many years p.ist. The prior summer
months having been alternately dry and showery, a fine
harvest month has provtd a blessing to the country.
Cereal crops have rarely been equalled ; and if large
fruits, such as l^eaches, Pears, Apples, Plums, -Src. , have
been scarce, small fruits have been abundant. Annuals
and half-hardy plants generally have made excellent
growth, and the prevailing bright weather has been very
conducive to bloom, consequently gardens generally
have been more attractive than usual. If the coming
month is alike favourable, a considerable variety of
home-grown seeds will be saved.

September. — The lowest night temperature recorded
during the month, was 39° during the night of the 1st
and 2d. The highest night temperature was 58", on the
night of the lotb. The lowest day temperature was i?,^,

on the 28th ; the highest 68" (in the shade), on the lolh
and 1 1 ill respectively.

We have liad a majority of fair, and frequently very
fine, days ; tlie rainfall has been light, and has fallen
generally during the night. We hav; not liad so fine a
summer to record for many years. Crops gi-m-rally have
bjen good, bloom abundant and brilliant, and the same
may b-; said of those plants used so extensively for the
beauty of their foliage in the scrollwork parterres now
so frequently seen in public parks and gardens. Where
subtropical plants have been used for outdoor decoration
they have r.ircly b^jen seen to better t iTccl. Numbers of
annuals, although much battered by the high winds of
the last few days, are blooming freely, and jicrfucl sei d
is being gathered from many. Grass continues to ^luw,
and has grown freely during the whole summer, while in
many parts of the south the reverse has been the case.

October. — Ihe temperature has been at freezin^-puinl
four times during the month, and below it only once,
and that only i'^, on the morning of the 29lh.
The highest in the shade was 58", on the 6th. The
rainfall was light, and weather generally fine up to the
22d ; since then the rainfall has been heavy, and the
weather at times stormy. Many half-hardy plants have
had a prolonged season of bloom. Dahlias, especially the
single forms, were florifcrous, and even brilliant, until the
241)1, at which d;ite they were destroyisd by the boisterous
weather. Seeds of both hardy and half-hardy plants
ripened well. Rhododendrons have not set bloom fret;ly,
nor yet so carly|a5 is usual in hot summers ; the early
summer being unfavourable to growth, the buds were
late in setting, and many have an abortive look.
Deciduous .\zaleas have also made sliort growth, and
although fairly well set for bloom, the buds as yet are
small.

Report on the Progress of Vegetation at the Royal
Botanic Garden, lOdinburgh. By Mr. Lindsay,
Curator : —

July. — Since the last meeting of the Botanical Society
(July 10) outdoor vegetation has, on the whole, made
satisfactory progress. July Wiis a very wet monlh, there
being only seven days when no rain fell. Thunder-
storms were frequent throughout. The lowest night
temperature was 39° on the nights of the 20th and 26th,
the highest 55° on the loth and i6th. The lowest day
temperature was 58'' on the 24th, and the highest 'J^'' on
the 8th and 14th.

Ans^ust was an exceedingly dry month ; there were
twenty-one days when no rain fell. West and south-
west winds prevailed. The lowest reading of the ther-
mometer occurred on the night of the 29th, when 40°
v/as registered, and the highest 56'^ on the night of the
15th. The lowest day temperature was S9^. on the 27th,
and the highest 79'^, on the 6th. Bright sunshine was
frequent. Herbaceous and alpine plants, and bedding
and other tender plants flowered abundantly during the
month.

September was also dry, there being nineteen days
when no rain fell. Slight showers were frequent at the
beginning and end of the month, which prevented grass
on lawns from becoming browned. The lowest night
temperature was 37° on the 3d and 5th, the highest 58"
on the niglit of the 20th. The lowest day temperature
was 56'' on the 14th, the highest 70" on the 9th.
Westerly winds were prevalent. Giving to the dry
weather autumn tints appeared earlier than usual ;
American Maples had their leaves well coloured by the
beginning of the month. Herbaceous plants, though
slightly dwarfed, continued to flower freely, and ripened
good seed very early. All outdoor work has had but
little interruption throughout the month.

During October the dry character of the preceding
months was continued. There were nineteen dry days.
The wind was westerly throughout the whole month.
The first frost this season occurred on the nth, when
29°. or 3° of frost, was registered ; and again on the
29th, when 28°, or 4° of frost, occurred. Other low read-
ings were on the loth, 35° ; 27th, 33^ ; and 23th, 33'.
The highest night temperature was on the i6lh, 49°.
The lowest day temperature was 45\ on the loth ; and
the highest 69', on the 4th. Deciduous trees and shrubs
have parted with their foliage early ; by the end of the
month mojt kinds were stripped bare, while at the same
date last year but few leaves had fallen. Autumn tints
on various trees and shrubs were very fine, but of short
duration. Maples, Oaks, Pyrus, Beech, and Virginian
Creeper were among the finest. Forest and fruit trees
generally have formed firm, well ripened wood, which will
be ol great advantage in the event of a hard winter taking
place. Holly and Cotoneasterare well coveredwith bcrrius,
now finely coloured. Other berry-bearing shrubs are
but sparingly set. Rhododendrons, .\zaleas, and other
Ericaeeous plants have not been so well set with flower-
buds for some years back. The season is most favour-
able for transplanting and outdoor work generally. On
the rock garden 315 species and varieties of dwarf-grow-
ing herbaceous and alpine plants came into bloom since
our last meeting, making a total of 1112 for the season,
as against 981 at the same date last year, being the
largest number yet recorded as having flowered there in
one season. Amongst those which flowered were the
following, viz. : —

Orobanche lubra
Gnaphaliiim Leontopodiam
Tropa.' jlum speciosiun
Spit^ei bulUta
Silene Schaftii
Lib^rtia azurea
Cyananthus lobatus
Sedum Eweisii
Pterocephalus Parnassi
Campanula Waldsteiniana

„ isophylla alba
Meconopsis Wallichii
Coreopsis tenuifoUa
Calliina vulgaris plena
Muti&ia decurrcLS

Erica ramulosa
Ranunculus rutaifolius
Montbrelia Poltsii
,, crocosmaefljra
Senccio speciosus
Cyclamen hederic folium
Gladiolus Saundersii
Colchicum maximum
Origanum Tournefortii
Stokcsia cyanea
Gentiana Andrewsii
Crocus pulcbellus
Sterubcraia lutea
Parochjctus commuDis
Helleborus altifolius

664

THh GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884,

Havant.— This, the first Chrysanthemum and
fruit show, was held in the Town Hall on the 7th and
8th, and was quite a success, with perhaps the exception
of the trained plants. These were not quite so good as
is usually seen at the larger shows ; still, as a first show,
it may be called a success. The arrangement of the
whole was effective, groups being placed at the end of
the hall, the specimen plants of Chrysanthemums at
one end, while the opposite end was occupied with
fruit and miscellaneous items. The cut blooms were
arranged neatly on both sides of a table running the
whole length of tlie hall, while the centre of the table was
occupied by a row of bright-coloured plants. Viewed
from the gallery, the effect was quite charming.

This recently established Society has already a good
hst of patrons, an efficient committee, and an energetic
Secretary in iVlr. C. J. Collins, under whose able man-
agement everything went smoothly. Cut blooms being
the most important feature of the show, we will notice
them first. The most important class was that for twelve
incurved and twelve Japanese kinds. The 1st prize in
this class was well won by Mr. C. Penford, gr. to Sir F.
Fitzwygram, Bart,, Leigh Park, Havant, who had extra
large blooms of the following sorts :— Comte deGerminy,
Fair Maid of Guernsey, Elaine, fine deep bloom ;
Oracle, rich in colour ; Peter the Great and Dolores,
Miss Mary Morgan and Golden Queen of England ; 2d,
Mr. W. White, gr. to J. E. Cox, Esq., Havant, who had
beautiful flowers of Soleil Levant, Boule d'Or, Elaine,
Meg Merrilies, &c. ; equal 3d was awarded to Messrs.
W. & G. Drover, nurserymen, Fareham, and Mr. J.
Roberts, gr. to E. R. Longcroft, Esq., for good stands
of flowers. For twelve cut blooms, six Japanese and six
incurved, Mr. J. O. Colling, gr. to J. Taplin, Esq.,
Havant, was ist, having fine blooms ol Baron de Frailly,
Thunberg, Lord Wolseley, Empress of India. Comte de
Germiny. For tliis there was one entry only. For six
cut blooms, reflexed varieties, Mr. W. Roberts was ist.
For six Anemone blooms, Mr. Penford was ist, showing
extra good samples. For four blooms of Mrs. G.
Rundle, four of Mrs. Di.xon, and same number of George
Glenny, Mr. W. White was rst, with neat, even and
fresh specimens. For twelve blooms, four to be Japa-
nese, four incurved, and four reflexed, aspecial prize was
given by Messrs. Agate & Co. ; in this Mr. Penford was
again ist, showing magnificent blooms of Boule d'Or,
Oracle, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Alfred Salter. Golden
Queen of England, Mrs. Forsyth, and Golden Christine
—Messrs. Drover showing well in this class. For a group
of Chrysanthemums, the space covered not to exceed 40
feet, Mr. W. Roberts was placed ist with a collection of
well grown plants, ranging from 2 feet to 5 feet high.
The only objection to this group was that the colours
were rather too dark and sombre ; Mr. W. White, and
Mr. J. C. Collins were placed equal 2d, with well grown
plants which were not so well arranged as the ist prize
lot. Of table plants. Primulas, Cyclamens, Apples, Pears,
Grapes, &c.. there was a good show, the principal
prizetakers being Messrs. Collins, — Hepper, gr. to Mrs.
Sanderman, Penford ; N. F. Fuller, gr. to Sir Jervoise
Clark, Idsworth. The last named put up, in a neat
manner, a collection of vegetables, consisting of twenty
varieties, all ol good quality, which were much admired
but were not for competition. [A Correspondent.)

The Lambeth Amateur Chrysanthemum
Society: Nov. 11 and 12.— This was the tenth
annual exhibition of this Society, and for the first time it
was held at Hawkestone Hall, in the Westminster
Bridge Road, adjoining the Rev. Newman Hall's
fine church at the corner of the Kennington Road. The
competition for the prizes offered by the Society is
governed by this regulation :— " That the committee and
members of the Society must grow all plants and flowers
shown for competition within a radius of \\ mile from the
'Elephant and Castle,' Newington." Another regulation
is to the effect that any exhibitor staging blooms dressed
artificially, should be disqualified from competing, but
it would be difficult to say of not a few of the flowers
staged on this occasion that they had not been dressed
so as to have them in the handsome symmetrical
character in which they were shown. The exhibi-
tion was a great improvement on that held last year ;
not only was it a larger one, but the exhibits generally
were much superior in quality. If such plants and
flowers can be grown within i\ mile of the " Elephant
and Castle," then the Chrysanthemum must be
considered a good London plant. The plants in pots
were arranged on either side of the hall, two tables run-
ning down the centre took the cut blooms ; in front o(
the orchestra was a good bank of Chrysanthemums, and
in the centre of the hall was a group of charming foUage
plants. The arrangement was all that could be desired,
and when the hall was lighted up the effect was very
pleasing ; unfortunately but few visitors were attracted to
view the exhibition.

Plants.— The classes for six and three specimen
plants of Chrysanthemums did not fill. In that for six
standards Mr. Tracy was ist, with some very good
examples, on stout stems 3 feet high, surmounted by
good heads, carrying from twenty to thirty fine flowers.
Mr. Williams was 2d, but with much inferior specimens.
None of the plants were named, and only the bare name
of the exhibitor was placed on the exhibition cards.
Three nice plants were also shown in the class for this
number of specimens, but the name of the winner of the
ist prize was not stated ; a 2d prize was awarded to Mr.
Tracy. In the class for a group of Chrysanthemums,
including pompons, not less than twelve, Mr. Mills
was ist with good upright grown specimens, twelve
in number, well grown and flowered ; Mr. Ellis was
2d. None of the specimens were named ; but they
were highly creditable, having regard to the circumscribed

district covered by the Society. TTiere were also classes
for twelve and six plants, but the prize cards do not
appear to have been placed upon them. Mr. Tracy had
the best six untrained pompons, well grown and
flowered plants ; Mr. T. Davidson being 2d ; and Mr.
Tracy had the best six pyramid pompons, which were
better in quality and highly creditable to the cultivator ;
Mr. T. Haddon being 2d. The latter also had the best
three specimens, and appeared to be the only exhibitor.

Cur Flowers.— Mr. Ellis had the best twelve in-
curved blooms, staging good examples of Guernsey
Nugget, Hero of Stoke Newington, George Glenny,
Prince of Wales, Mrs. G. Rundle, Prince Alfred, Prin-
cess of Teck, Antonelli, Beverley, Nil Desperandum, and
Lady Hardinge. 2d. Mr. T. Haddon ; 3d, Mr.
Tracy. The best six flowers of incurved varieties came
from Mr. A. Bull, who had good flowers of Mr. Bunn,
Princess of Teck, Guernsey Nugget, Nil Desperandum,
Mrs. Halliburton, and Marmion ;.3d, Mr. T. Child. The
best six blooms of one variety came from Mr. Child, who
had some very fine examples of Comte de Germiny ; 2d,
Mr. Ellis, with Mrs. G. Rundle ; 3d, Mr. J Waddon,
with Golden Queen. Mr. G. S. Addison had the best
six Anemone-flowered Chrysanthemums, staging Mdlle-
Cabrol, Gluck, Fabias de Maderanaz, Empress, Souvenir
de I'Ardenne, and Acquisition. Mr. Tracy had the best
twelve reflexed Chrysanthemums, the leading flowers
being Dr. Sharpe, White Christine, Golden Christine,
Chevalier Domage, Ariadne, and Annie Salter ; 2d, Mr.
T. Haddon. Mr. Tracy had the best six reflexed
flowers, staging Dr. Sharpe, Christine, Golden Christine,
Attraction, Ariadne, and Orange Annie Salter ; 2d, Mr.
Haddon ; 3d, Mr. C. H. Payne. Mr. J. W. Addison
had the best six blooms of any one variety, reflexed,
staging Dr. Sharpe ; Mr. Williams being 2d, with Pink
Christine. The strongest classes in the cut flower
section were those for Japanese varieties, and
they were all well filled. Mr. C. J. Till had
the best twelve varieties, staging Madame Boucharlet,
Japon Fleuri, Madame C. Andiguier, Rubra striata, Ten-
dresse, Red Gauntlet, Baronne de Frailly, Fulgare,
Parasol, and Roseum superbum ; 2d, Mr. T. Child, his
best blooms being Japon Fleuri, Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Rubra striata. Prince of Wales. Mr. T. Child had the
best six, mostly wrongly named. Mr. C. J. Till was 2d
with Madame C. Andiguier, Madame B. Rendatler. The
best six blooms of any Japanese variety came from Mr.
C. J. Till, who had Madame C. Andiguier, very fine ; 2d,
Mr. G. S. Addison, with Madame de Sevrie. The
classes for Anemone pompons were well filled. Mr. T.
Child had the best twelve, three blooms of each, the fol-
lowing being very good : — Marie Stuart, Antonius,
Astrea, Astarte, Madame Montels, Queen of Anemones,
Firefly, and Jean Hatchette : 2d, Mr. Ellis, with Regu-
lus, Mons. Astie, Astrea. Mr. Ellis had the best six,
staging good examples of Calliope, Astrea, and Madame
Senlir in duphcate ; 2d, Mr. G. S. Addison, with
Antinous, Astrea, and Mr. Astie ; 3d, Mr. T.
F. Davidson. In addition, there were a few classes
for honorary members. The best twenty-four blooms,
twelve incurved, and twelve Japanese, came from Mr. J.
J. Hillier, remarkably good lots, consisting of Princess of
Wales, Jeanne d'Arc, Lord Wolseley, Mrs. Heale, John
Salter, Cherub, St. Patrick, Orange Perfection, Bendigo,
Cannell's Bronze, Lady Talfourd, and Lady Slade ; of
Japanese— Madame, C. Andiguier, Boule d'Or, Madame
Jardin, Fair Maid of Guernsey, II Japonaise, Mons.
Astorg, Pere Delaux, Mon. Deveille, Roseum superbum,
Meg Merrihes, The Daimio, and Margolt ; 2d, Mr. R,
Whiblcy. The best twelve Anemone-flowered, not less
than eight varieties, also came from Mr. Hillier, who
had King of Anemones. Fleurde Marie, Gluck, Souvenir
de I'Ardenne, Madame Goderaux, and Margaret d'Anjou ;
2d, Mr. Whibley, who had in good condition, Mr.
Astie, Astrea, Ariadne, Rose Marguerite, Antonius, Mr.
Wyness, and Astarte ; 2d, Mr. HiUier. Lastly comes a
bouquet of Chrysanthemums, the best being from Mr.
Davidson ; Mr. E. J. Wibley being 2d. Some silver
cups and other handsome special prizes were given in the
leading classes in lieu of money, and these being on
view attracted much attention. R.

Bath Horticultural : Nov. 12 and 13.— This
flourishing Society held its show of Chrysanthemums,
fruits, and vegetables, in the Assembly Rooms, and
was acknowledged to be the best of the kind the Society
has ever had. The specimen plants of Chrysanthemums
were good, and, though not so large generally as those
staged last week at Southampton show, one or two of
the plants exceeded in size any that were shown there —
one plant, Mrs. Forsyth, in a 16-inch pot and shown by
Mr. Southard, gr. to J. Brown, Esq., being 8 feet over.
Foliage plants were 'shown well by Messrs. George
Cooling & Son, of Bath ; Mr. Drummond, Bath ; Major
Clarke, Trowbridge, &c. ; and fruit by Mr. Nash, gr. to
the Duke of Beaufort, Badminton House, Chippenham ;
Mr. W. Taylor, gr. to James Chaflin, Esq., Bath ; Mr.
W. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork, Marston House,
Frome ; Mr. Pullman, gr. to R. B. Sheridan, Esq.,
Frampton Court, Dorchester, &c. Vegetables, too,
were shown remarkably well, and especially fine were
those exhibited by Mr. G. Garaway. The following are
the awards : —

Plants (Chrysanthismums).- For six plants, large
flowered, distinct varieties, one stem (Japanese and
Anemones excluded). — 1st, Mr. M. Cole. gr. to P. B.
Carter, Esq., with Pinus, Prince of Wales, Dr. Brock,
Antonelli, &c. ; 2d, Mr. Southard, whose best plant was
Mrs. G. Rundle, 5 feet over and grandly flowered, and
which was also awarded a special prize of 2 guineas, as
being the best plant in the show ; 3d, Mr. H. Scott.
For four plants Mr. Tucker, gr. to Major Clarke. Bell-
field, Trowbridge, was 1st, with Empress of India, Mrs.

Dixon, Mrs. Corbay, and Prince Allred ; 2d, Mr. Gay,
gr. to L. Daubeny, Esq. , Bath ; 3d, Mr. W. Taylor, gr.
to S. P. Budd, Esq., Bath. For six Japanese. — ist,
Mr. Taylor ; 2d, Mr. M. Cole ; and for a like number of
pompons Mr. Tucker was ist, with neatly trained and
well flowered plants of Bob, Rosomon, Golden Madame
Marthe, &c. ; Mr. H. Scott being 2d ; and for four
plants (pompons) Mr. Gay was ist ; 2d, Mr. A. A.
Walters; 3d, Mr. T. Jolly (gr., Mr. Hawkins). In the
class for the best single specimen plant Mr. Southard
was ist, with Peter the Great, pyramidally trained,
8 feet high and 5 feet through at the base ; Messrs. M,
Cole and Tucker being 2d and 3d in that order ; and for
the best specimen pompon Mr. A. Hawkins was ist,
with Mdlle. Marthe ; and Messrs. Tucker and A. A.
Walters 2d and 3d. Mr. Southard had in Mrs. Forsyth,
referred to above, the best plant of large-flowering varie-
ties, Mr. Hawkins was 2d, and Mr. Tucker was 3d. Mr.
H. Lord had the best twelve Primulas, Mr. T. Canning
was 2d, and Mr. G. Garaway was 3d ; and for a like
number of any colour Mr. George Snell, gr. to Mrs.
Counsell, was ist. There was only one entry in the
class for six ornamental foliage plants, for which a ist
prize was awarded to Mr. Drummond, of Bath. Mr.
Tucker had the best specimen stove or greenhouse
plant in Ixora Williamsii, Mr. Drummond being a good
2d, with the same variety ; and Mr. Gale, gr. to W,
Dobson, Esq., was an excellent 3d, with Eucharis
amazonica, having about fifty flower-spikes. Mr. Haw-
kins had the best three standard Chrysanthemums, and
Messrs. Tucker and Southard the 2d and 3d best. Mr.
Scott had the best six plants of large-flowered varieties for
conservatory decoration in Mrs. Forsyth, George Glenny,
Mrs. G. Rundle, Mrs. Dixon, &c. ; and .Vlessrs. Southard
and M. Cole 2d and 3d best. The three prizes offered
for the best group of Chrysanthemums to cover a space
of not more than 12 by 6 feet, went respectively to Messrs.
Gay, Southard, and Cole, Mr. Taylor being awarded an
extra prize in this class. Mr. Gay had the best six plants
(about 15 inches high) of Poinsettias, and Miss Charles
the 2d best. In the class for the best collection of plants
arranged for effect, Messrs. George Cooling & Son were
ist, with Poinsettias. Bouvardias, Crotons, Orchids,
Ferns, &c. ; and Mr. Drummond was a good 2d. Mr.
Garaway had the best twelve Cyclamens, and Messrs.
Cooling & Son were 2d best ; and were also placed ist
for six large well-flowered Bouvardias, viz., Alfred
Neuner and President Garfield. The three prizes for
table plants went to Mr. Shelton, gr. to W. K. Waite,
Esq. ; Mr. Sidney Blacker, g;r. to Miss Charies ; and
Messrs. Cooling, in the order in which the names stand.

Cut Flowers. — For twenty-four cut blooms, large-
flowered Chrysanthemums, in not less than twelve dis-
tinct varieties.— ist, Mr. James Hobbs, with, among
others, Lord Wolseley, Barbara, Queen of England,
Prince of Wales, Lady Hardinge, Princess of Teck, and
Refulgens ; 2d, Mr. Shelton ; 3d, Mr. Thomas Hobbs.
And for twelve varieties. .Mr. John Baylis was ist, his
best being Prince of Wales, tJolden Beverley, Golden
Empress of India, Baron Beust, Barbara, and White
Venus ; 2d, Mr. E. S. Cole ; 3d, Mr. Iggulden. For
six varieties, Mr. W. Taylor was isl. with Baron Beust,
Bendigo, Barbara, Jardin" des Plantes, Lord Wolseley,
and Princess of Teck, Mr. M. Cole 2d, and Mr. Hopkin.s
gr. to J. Bailey, Esq., 3d: and for twelve bunches of
pompons, Messrs. Hooper, Pocock, and Hawkins,
secured the prizes in that order. For twelve blooms
(.Anemone-flowered varieties). — ist, Mr. Baylis, with
Gluck, Georges Sand, F'leur de Marie, &c. ; the 2d and
3d going to Messrs. E, S. Cole and Hobbs ; and in the
corresponding class for Japanese the prizes were awarded
to Messrs. BayUs, E. S. Cole, and W. Iggulden, all of
whom showed well. For twelve incurved, in four
distinct colours. — ist. Mr. Baylis. with a beautiful lot of
blooms, including Princess of Wales, Golden Empress
ot India, Mrs. Heale, and Prince of Wales ; .Mr. E. S.
Cole being a good 2d, and Mr. Hobbs 2d. For eighteen
distinct varieties, shown with 4 or 5 inches of stem with
fohage, the prizes went to Messrs. Baylis and Mr. M.
Cole.

Fruit. — For four bunches of Grapes of not less than
two varieties. — ist, Mr. W. Nash, gr. to the Duke
of Beaufort, with four bunches (two of each) Black
Alicante and Alnwick Seedling, Mr. W. Taylor being a
close 2d, and Mr. Carpenter 3d, the same exhibitor
being placed in the same position for three bunches of
black Grapes ; and for three bunches of white, Mr. EUi-
cott, gr, to H. W. Tugwell, Esq., was ist, with admir-
able samples of Muscat of Alexandria, Mr. Pullman
being a good 2d with the same variety, and Mr.
Shelton 3d, with Foster's SeedUng. Messrs. W. J.
Smith, E. Hale, and Pearce had the best six dishes of
Pears ; and lor the best four varieties of Pears the
prizes were awarded to Messrs. F. R. Smith, S. New-
man, and E. Fisher in tlie order in which their names
appear. Out of twenty-two dishes of eight Pears
each Messrs. J. T. Holmes (with Marie Louise), Mr.
C. Burr, gr. to Mrs. Deane (with Glou Morfeau), and Mr.
Carpenter (with Passe Colmar), were ist, 2d, and 3d in
that order. Out of sixty lots of dessert Apples shown
Mr. Garaway was ist, with, among others, Ribston
Pippin, King of the Pippins, and Blenheim Orange, all
highly coloured good examples ; Mr. Pearce 2d, and
Mr. Beavis 3d. F'or the best four varieties Mr. A. T.
Hale was ist, out of seventy-two lots staged ; Mr. F. J.
Walter 2d, and Mr. Hart, gr. to Mrs. General Studd,
jd. For the best eight fruits of one variety (ripe), forty-
six dishes were put up, Mrs. Dutton being ist ; and for
six culinary varieties, four fruit of each, 106 dishes were
put up. Mr. E. T. Hale securing the ist prize, Mr.
W. J. Smith the 2d, and Mr. Beavis the 3d. There
were five collections of fruit, six varieties (Pines excluded),
put up, and all of very good quaUty. Mr. W. Nash was
a good 1st, showing nice bunches of AUcante and

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

66s

Muscat of Alexandria, large Medlars. Pears. Apples,
and Melon. Mr. Iggulden was 2d, showing a simiUr
collection, except that he put up two nice bunches of
Mrs. Pearson, in fine condition, instead of Muscat of
Alexandria ; and Mr. Pullman was 3d.

Vegetables were shown largely and well. Mr.
Caraway had the best collection of nine kinds. Mr.
Thomas Evry the 2d best, and Mr. Barnefteld the 3d,
Mr. Holmes receiving a Certificate of Merit for his
collection.

Staines and Egham District. — The third ex-
liibition of Chrysanthemums and other plants and flowers
held by this suburban Society took place in the spacious
Town Hall, at Staines, on the 13th inst. The sides of the
Hall were effectively dressed with eight capital groups of
Chrysanthemums in pots, set up in the customary style,
the general eftect being one ol nmch life and colour, but
wanting variety and elegance. Such result is, however,
inevitable in aU Chrysanthemum plant groups as at pre-
sent arranged. Mr. Thaicher. gr. to H. Leigh Bennett,
Esq.. Thorpe, was ist, his group being well faced and
general quality excellent ; Mr. Springthorpe, gr. to G.
H. Palmer. Esq.. Egham, was 2d, with a fine lot of
plants and fine blooms, but the exhibitor had too much
crowded his plants at starling, hence the effect was weak;
Mr. Hutchings. gr. to C. Ashby, Esq., Staines, and
Mr. Riddick, gr. to W. Paine, Esq., Egham, were
3d and 4th. Mr. Thomas, gr. to H. N . Ritchie.
Esq.. Thorpe, was ist, with four capital large-flowered
specimen plants ; .Mr. Riddick had the next best lot, and
Mr. Hutchings \vas 3d. The finest single specimen was
found in a well trained plant of Golden Christine, shown
by Mr. Thatcher. Mr. T. Cox, gr. to J. F. Merville,
Esq., Staines, had a good plant of the same kind ; and
Mr. Riddick was 3d. with a good plant of White
Empress. Mr. Riddick had the best large-flowered
standards, rather too stiffly tied, in Golden Christine,
Queen of England, Guernsey Nugget, and Pink Venus ;
and Mr. Cox the best pair, in Guernsey Nugget and
Prince of Wales. Mr. Thatcher had in Mrs. Rundle
and Mrs. Dixon the two best large-flowered specimens,
and Mr. Cox two excellent dwarf pompons in Madame
Mdrthe and Mr. Astie. Pompon standard; and pyra-
mids were very well shown, though throughout some-
what too hardly lied.

Zonal Pelargoni m ms are always well done at Staines,
and those arranged in front of the orchestra lent a rich
colouring to the show. Mr. C. Simons, gr. to J. N.
Pimm, Esq.. Staines, had six large and beautifully
flowered plants in Vesuvius, White Vesuvius. Eureka,
Caxton, Wonderful, and the rich double GuiUion Man-
giUi ; Mr. Cox came 2d, with some large plants hardly
at iheir best ; and Mr. Hutchings had smaller ones that
will be in a blaze of bloom in a few day's. Berried Sola-
nums. Mignonette in pots, and Chinese Primroses, were
all well shown, and greatly aided the dressing of the
tables. Of miscellaneous plants, Mr. R. Newbury,
Feliham, had a h-:ge White Marguerite, 5 feet through,
that was a mass of bloom, and obtained high com-
mendation. There were open classes for twenty-four
blooms of both incurved and Japanese kinds here, but
the competition was chiefly local, Mr. Thomas had the
best twenty-four in the incurved section, very fair blooms;
Mr. Riddick coming 2d, and Mr. Thatcher 3d. In the
Japanese class, Mr. Thomas was again ist, having some
fine blooms ; Mr. Hutchings coming 2d, and Mr.
Thatcher 3d. In the local class for twenty-four blooms,
Mr. Hutchings was ist, and Mr. Springthorpe 2d. The
best lot of Japanese blooms was shown in the local class
for twenty-four flowers, and came from Mr. Gray, gr. to
A. G Tnomas, Esq., Englefield Green, a really compact
and exceedingly fresh lot, that merited high praise.
Messrs. Springthorpe and Riddick came 2d and 3d.
Mr. fames Bloomfield, gr. to B, Warwick, Esq., Engle-
field Green, had the best twelve Japanese, really capital
blooms; and Mr. CoUings. gr. to J. Holgale, Esq.,
Siaines, had the best twelve incurved. The Secretary's
special prizes for siz Japanese and six incurved, same
kmds. w;i5 taken by Mr. Springthorpe, who had very
fine Madame Rendaller and Airs. Jay. Very fine blooms
were shown in the reflexed and pompon sections.
Bouquets of Chrysanthemums were largely shown, the
best, a simple arrangement of Elaine and Dr. Sharpe,
dressed with Fern, being placed ist, and was shown by
Mr. Spnngthorpe ; Mr. Simms coming 2d with a gay
but much more mixed arrangement. Some very pretty
baskets ot flowers came from Mrs. House, Staines, that
were much admired. Mr. Thomas had the best fourdishes
of Apple5, and Mr. Jewin the best dishes of Pears. Vege-
tables were finely shown, Mr. Springthorpe having the
best lot in fine Cauliflowers. Beet, Mushrooms, Tele-
graph Cucumbers, Brussels Sprouts, and splendid To-
matos ; Mr. Tnatcher was 2d. Altogether the exhibition
was a credit to the district, the which, unfortunately,
does not support any summer display.

Richmond Horticultural. — The committee of
this Society revived their autumn exhibition this year,
though, it may be thought, with questionable advantage,
as, coming so late as the 13th, not only were the best
flowers past, but the cream of the collections had been
pretty well skimmed for preceding shows. Held in the
splendid rooms attached to the "Castle" Hotel at
Richmond— probably the most roomy of the kind to be
found round London — the exhibits seemed thin. Had
all the show been centred in one of the rooms the effect
might have been more pleasing. Not a few of these use-
ful elements at shows, non-competitive groups, were seen
Mr. F. R. Kinghorn, Richmond, showed a capital lot
of Heaths, finely bloomed, dressed with Palms, Dra-

caenas, and other foliaged plants. Mr. R. Eaing,
Twickenham, set up a neat group of ordinary decorative
plants. Mr. R. Clarke, Twickenham, sent a selection
of his grand strain of Cyclamen, finely flowered ; and a
group of fine dwarf sturdy plants, not less meritorious,
came from Messrs. Page & Sons. Tcddingtnn. Mr. A.
Bray, Floral Deput, Richmond, set up a beautiful trophy
ot grasses, including fine plumes of Pampas and other
species, charming wreaths, crosses, &'c., that could not
fail to secure warm admiration. I'he Messrs. Hooper
& Co., of Twickenham, had the best miscellaneous
group— a very charming arrangement ; Mr. Chadwi^k,
Hanger Hill, Ealing, coming 2d. having some small but
wrll flowered Gloxinias, white Camellias, &c. ; Mr. G.
Filsell, gr. to J. R. Green, Esq., Twickenham,
came 3d, having a dense base of Ferns and other
dwarf plants, but his upper arrangement was thin
and stiff. Messrs. Hooper & Co. had the best
dressed basket of plants, in large flat baskets, but in
all cases there was an excess of material, crowding
being general ; Mr. R. Bates, gr. to J. R. Mecks, E^q.,
Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, was 2d. Table plants
made up a striking feature, though hardly utilised to the
best advantage, as they are at Kingston. Mr, G. King,
gr, to R. Few, Esq., Esher, had the best six in very
liandsome Crolons, Dracaena terminalis, Pandanus
Veitchii, Cocos Weddelliana, and Araiia erecta ; Messrs.
Hooper & Co. came next with Draccenas Elizabeth and
Goldieana, Areca nobilis, and Phccnix rupicola, Palms,
.-\ralia Veitchii, and Pandanus Vt-ilchii ; Mr. Munro, gr.
toj. D. PauU, Esq., Cambridge House, Twickenham, was
3d. The best berried plants were fairly good Solanums.
Mr. O. Hickle, gr. to W. Cunard. Esq., Orleans House,
had the best six Palms in b-inch pots, in Rhapis flabelli-
forme, Cycas Armstrongi, Euterpe edulis, Kentia Bal-
moreana, Areca lutescens, and Caryota erecta ; Mr.
Bates was 2d, with pretty plants ; and Mr. Rowell, gr.
to Lady Parker, Richmond, 3d. The groups of Chry-
santhemum plants were Hmited in number, the best
coming from Mr. Munro, though rather flat, still carry-
ing a fine lot of blooms ; Mr. Sallows, gr. to J. J.
Flack, Esq., Twickenham, came 2d, with a nice clean
grown collection, the plants full of foliage ; and Mr. W.
Campin, gr. to Thos. Cave, Esq., Richmond, was 3d.
In trained plants Mr. King was ist, with some large
examples of John Salter, Safrano, Lord Wolseley,
Mrs. Halliburton, Mrs. G. Glenny. and Lady Hardinge ;
Mr. Sallows was 2d, with hardly less excellent
specimens. The best six pompons came from Mr.
Child, gr. to Mrs. Slade. Claygate. And Mr. Sal-
lows had the best three large-flowered standards in
the eternal three bundles ; Mr. Trussler. gr. to
A. Cooper, Esq., Twickenham, coming next with Mrs.
Dixon. Mrs. Rundle, and Lady Talfourd. Of cut blooms
a fine lot was shown by Messrs. Lee & Sons, Hammer-
smith. The best twenty-four Japanese came from Mr.
King, were getting a little over, and consisting of kinds
the names of which have been often repeated. Mr.
Woodgate, gr. to Lord Wolverton, Kingston, was 2d,
and Mr. Child 3d. Mr. Woodgate had the best twenty
four incurved, fairly good blooms of well known kinds ;
Mr. W. Bates coming 2d, and Mr. W. Brown, Rich-
mond, 3d, The six best Japanese of one kind were— A.
Davis, fairly good samples, from Mr. Woodgate ; the
ud best lot being Peter the Great ; whilst the six best
incurved of one kind were found in Guernsey Nugget,
from Mr. Grant, Twickenham. Mr. King had the best
six incurved kinds in Mrs. Shipman. Lady Hardinge,
Mrs. Heale, Princess Teck, John Salter, and Golden
Emperor.

Mr. Bates had the only collection et six dishes of
fruit, excellent samples ; whilst the best two bunches of
Black Grapes were sent by Mr. Hechell, fair bunches
of Gros Colmar ; Mr. Campin had the 2d best in
Alicantes. Mr. Bates had the best pair of bunches of
White Grapes, in Muscat of Alexandria.

In collections of vegetables the prizes were taken by
Mr. Coombs, gr. to Sir H. Meux, Mortlake ; Mr.
Waite, Glenshurst. Esher ; and Mr. Morrell, gr. to J.
S. Rutter, Esq., Richmond. Mr. W. Binder, of Kew
Gardens Station, put up a superb display of m.irket
fruit. Not a few charming bouquets, epergnes, and
other decorative efforts were exhibited, but we cannot
notice these more fully for lack of space just now.

The Tunbridge Wells. — The exhibition of this
Society was held in the Great Hall, near the railway
station, at Tunbridge Wells, on Nov. 13 and 14. The
Society is entirely managed by a working committee of
gardeners, Mr. E. Charlton is Hon. .Sec, and the
Society is well supported by the nobility and gentry of
the neighbourhood. The entries were so numerous this
year, that the large hall failed to accommodate them, a
large tent had to be put up, in which were placed the
groups and other exhibits. The specimen plants were
numerous and very effectively arranged at either end of
the hall. The pyramid specimens were not quite so
well filled out as they might have been, but this was
perhaps more the fault of the method adopted than of
the exhibitors. A plant that naturally takes the form of
a bush ought not to be contorted into a formal pyramid,
the Chrysanthemum at least does not lend itself to it.
A tew of the dwarf specimens were considerably over-
trained, the flowers being tied down to a table-like
surface: for this the exhibitors were entirely to blame,
and it would be well for them to train their specimens
more into the form of a bush without too much twisting
and turning of the shoots. The principal class was for
eight Chrysanthemums of any of the classes. The
plants were trained flat and as pyramids, and did not
make effective groups, although the quality was good.
Mr. J. Wilkins, Shirley Hall. Langton, gained the
ist prize— a Silver Cup. Mr. E. Killick, gr. to Professor
Wilson Sandfield, Nevill Park, exhibited si.x good dwarf-

trained large-flowered specimens, and was awarded the
ist prize. Mr. Wilkins was ist for six pompon speci-
mens. The plants were in good condition and well
grown. Mr. R. Beilby, gr. to W. H. Tindall. Esq.,
Hollyshaw, also exhibited good plants, and gained a
1st prize for pyramids. The groups of plants gleaned
from all or any of the classes formed an important part
of the exhibition, and it w;is here that the closest contest
for the prizes took place. There was very little differ-
ence indeed between the ist and 2d prizes in point of
merit. The ist prize was awarded to Mr. J. G. Wulff,
I, Nevill Park ; and the 2d to Mr. H. -Scammell. gr. to
C. Reily, Esq., The Priory, Nevill Park. Other exhi-
bitors gained ist prizes for plants, some of the latter
being of great merit ; but as there were sixty-seven classes
altogether in the schedule it would take too much space
to enumerate all. There were two sets of prizes
offered for twenty-four cut blooms, which brought
out a good competition, Mr. W. Read, gr. to Mrs.
Cripps, Mount Calverley Lodge, gained the 1st prize in
the open class; and Mr. J. Legg, gr. to the Rev. E. H.
Boordman, in the limited one, the latter also being ist
for twelve blooms in the limited class ; Mr. Legg also
gained ist prize for six table plants in a strong com-
petition. There was nothing novel to record amongst the
cut blooms, the average quality being better than usual
at this exhibition. Poinsettias are always exhibited in
capital condition at this show, the variety is evidently
different from that usually cultivated ; but the system ol
cultivation must also be a good one to give such results
as we annually see here. Mr. J.Allan, gr. to G. H.
Field, Esq., Ashurst Park, was the principal prizetaker.

The exhibition of fruit was a remarkably good one.
The Apples and Pears were as good as we usually see
at the metropolitan exhibitions. The principal exhi-
bitors were Mr. W. Johnston, gr. to the Marchioness of
Camden, Bayham Abbey Gardens ; Mr. G. H. Goldsmith,
gr, to P. C. Hardwick. Esq., Hollenden, Hildenborough ;
and Mr. F. Bridger, gr. to Lord De Lisle and Dudley,

Grapes were fine, especially the black kind, all the
prizes going to the Alicante variety, Mr. H.
Scammell having by far the best. There were also
some very good collections of fruit exhibited, the best
being from Mr. J. Legg ; it contained really handsome
bunches of Muscats, Lady Downe's, and Alicante
Grapes, Musa Cavendishii, and a nice Queen. Mr.
Legg also gained the ist prize for good Muscat
Grapes.

One of the most interesting features of the exhibition
was a collection of cut flowers from Mr. Hollah, The
Gardens, Redleaf, Penhurst ; they had all been cut in
the open garden, and comprised about eighty distinct
species and varieties. There were Saponaria calabrica,
with its pretty rose flowers ; sweet Honeysuckle, and
Eccremocarpus .scaber, single Dahlias and the Cactus
kind. Tea Rose Catherine Mermet, Chrysanthemums,
bunches of the common Primrose, Rudbeckia Newmanii,
Tritoma Uvaria, Spirasa ulmaria and S. japonica. Corn-
flowers, Heaths, Fuchsia sempervirens, Lilhospermum
prostratum. Gentiana acaulis, Aponogeton distachyon.
Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, Escallonia rubra, and the pretty
Menziesia pohfolia in variety. There were 195 entries of
plants and blooms, 117 entries of fruit, there being
actually 309 dishes of Apples and Pears on the tables.
7-D.

The Chrysanthemum Exhibition at the
Crystal Palace. — This exhibition was held on
Friday and Saturday, Nov. 14 and 15, and although the
exhibits were not as numerous as the promoters of the
show anticipated, they were, generally speaking, of
good quality, no doubt many of those who entered and
tailed to compete were unable to do so by having *' too
many irons in the fire," as two or three and more Chry-
santhemum shows a day was the order for last week.
However, many of the awards would propably have
b en the same, as most of the exhibitors were noted
growers. Mr. C. Gibson, gr. to J. Wormald, Esq.,
Morden Park, Mitcham, Surrey, was successful in bear-
ing off the premier prize for thirty-six incurved (distinct)
and thirty-six Japanese (distinct) varieties respectively ;
liis incurved blooms were fine, as also were his Japanese.
The names of the best incurved were as follows : — S..
Salter, Queen of England. Golden Empress, White
Empress, Lord Alcester, Hero of Stoke Newington,
Barbara. His best blooms of Japanese were Ciiterion,
Sarnia, Sultan, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Baron de Prailly,
Duchess of Albany, Meg Merrilies, L"Incomparable,
Nuit d'Automne, Ethel, Bismarck, Pore Delaux, Ceres,
Mons. Ardenne, Grandiflorum. and J. Delaux. Mr. C.
Herrin, Chalfont Gardens, Gerrard's Cross, was 2d,
having good Baron de Prailly, Thunberg, F. A. Davis,
Boule d'Or (very fine); Mr. J, W. Springbett being
3d. For twenty-four pompon. Anemone-pompon, and
hybrid varieties (distinct), Mr. E. Chadwick. gr. to
E. M. Nelson, Esq.. Hanger Hill House. Ealing, was
ist. having Elenore, President. Madame Montels,
Polycarp, and Queen of Anemones amongst his best ;
he also taking ist in the amateur's class for the
same ; Mr. E. Arnold, Oak Lee, Sydenham, also
being 2d in each class. For the best twelve incurved
blooms (distinct), Mr. W. Slogrove, gr. to Mrs. Craw-
ford. Reigate, was ist, with good blooms of Empress of
India, Guernsey Nugget. Queen of England, White
Globe, Venus. Jardin des Plantes. Mr. J. Bury, gr. to A.
Richards, Esq., Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill, was
2d, having also very good blooms of Fingal, Prince
Alfred, and Guernsey Nugget ; Mr. T. Bailey,
Shardloes Gardens, Amersham, 3d. For twelve
Japanese varieties (distinct), Mr. J. Wyatt. gr. to J.
Perry. Esq., Bradenhurst, Caterham Valley, was
ist, with good blooms of Criterion. Fair Maid of
Guernsey. Madame C. Andiguier, The Dairaio, Baron
de Prailly, Thunberg, Fanny Boucharlet, and others.
Mr, W, Slogrove being 2d, with good blooms of Elaine,

666

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

Roseum superbum, L'Incomparable, and others ; Mr.
) . VV. Springbett 3d. For twelve large flowered Anemones,
distinct, Mr. J. Cooke, gr. to E. M. Parrait, Esq., Bess-
borough House, UpperTooting was 1st. In thcamateurs'
class for twenty-four incurved varieties (distinct). Mr. C.
Herrin was ist, also for twenty-four Japanese. Amongst
his incurved we notice Jeanne d'Arc, Golden and White
Empress of India, Venus, Mrs. Halliburton, Mrs. Ship-
man, and others ; and amongst his Japanese, Thunberg,
Mad. C. Andiguer, Album plenum, J. Delaux, Magnum
Bonum, Sarnia, IMfeg Merrilies, and others. Mr. T.
Couldry, gr. to J. Levey, Esq . The Shrubbery, Grove
Park, Lee, was 2d ; and Mr. D. C. Powell, gr. to the
Earl of Devon, Powderham Castle, Exeter, 3d, for both
twenty-four incurved and twenty-four Japanese. For
twenty-four large flowered Anemones, Mr. E. Chadwick
was ist. For nme incurved varieties, distinct, Mr. C.
Goode, gr. toG. G. Stone, Esq.,EdStcDte, Red HiU. Surrey,
was ist, with a nice lot ; Mr. j. Sharpe, Parkfield, Grove
Park, Lee, 2d ; and Mr. W. Slogrove 3d. For nine
Japanese, distinct, Mr. W. Slogrove, Mr. C. Goode, and
Mr. J. Wyalt, were respectively ist, 2d, and 3d. For nine
reflexed varieties, Mr. E.Arnold, Oak Lee, Sydenham, was
ist. For the best group of Chrysanthemums (open),
Messrs. J. Laing & Co,, Forest Hill, were ist ; Mr. W.
Curd, florist, Croydon, 2d. For the best group by ama-
teurs, Mr. W. Webster, gr. to Mrs. Croll, Mavis Bank,
Upper Norwood, was ist ; and Mr. G. Collins, gr. to
J. Anderson, Esq., Wandsworth Common, 2d. Mr.
C. Turner, of Slough, had a fine coUecdon of Ivies. In
the miscellaneous class prizes were awarded to Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, for collections of Primulas,
Pelargoniums, &c. ; 2d, to Messrs. S. Dixon &Co., Moor-
gate Street, for cut Chrysanthemums ; and an extra to
Messrs. Northard & Co., Cotton's Wharl, E.C., for
Apples. First-class Certificates were awarded to the
following :— Mr. J. W. Springbett, for Chrysanthemums
Madame Cabrol, Sceur Dorothee, and Fabias de Mader-
anaz ; Mr. W. Watson, for Chrysanthemum Madame
C. Croix; H. Cannell & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
Cullingford ; and Messrs. J. Laing, for Chrysanthe-
mums Mons. Tarin, La Purite, Beauts des [ardins,
Camieu, and Mons. Astorg. A very tastefully arranged
group of Chrysanthemums, Palms, &c., were exhibited
by Mr. Head, gr. at the Crystal Palace, which was much
admired.

Manchester Chrysanthemum, — This exhibition
was held on November 18 and 19 in the Town Hall,
which, though a commodious building, was nicely filled,
indeed some of the non-competing stands of Apples were
arranged outside. The chief feature of the show was
Chrysanthemums, which were, we believe, better than
ever before exhibited at Manchester, for it must be
understood that the citizens of Cottonopolis are not so
enthusiastic in regard to the queen of autumn and early
winter — the Chrysanthemum, as thay are towards the
queen of flowers— the Rose ; and consequently the Man-
chester exhibition is not on the extended and liberal scale
one usually expects to find there ; yet in the coming
years they may come up to Liverpool, Birmingham, and
others, which are the headquarters of the Chrysanthe-
nmm fraternity. Nevertheless the exhibits were very
creditable, and the show on the whole presented a
bright and happy appearance, and judging from the
number of visitors, all of whom evidenly much —
and many critically — appreciated the least of flowers
provided for them, we should think it would prove
a success financially. As ;in many shows, some of
the leading flowers were getting past their best, while
some revealed the amount of trouble which had been
taken to keep them back. Most of the classes were well
filled, and in some instances the claimants for the
various posts of honour ran each other close, but we are
convinced the judges acquitted themselves well ot their
task. The classes were open to all-comers, bui it
must be admitted the amount of prize-money is insuffi-
cient to attract very extended notice while that given in
connection with other shows is so much more enticing.
The miscellaneous groups added greatly to the floral
display, and where special recognition was awarded
it was honestly merited.

Plants in Pots. — Nine large-flowered Chrysanthe-
mums, distinct varieties. — Well to the front in this
class was Mr. Thomas Cash, gr. to C. S. Agnew,
Esq., Prestwich, with medium, well grown plants of
the following, well furnished with healthy foliage,
and large well formed flowers : — Empress of India,
Pink Venus, Elaine, Prince of Teck, Chevalier
Domage, very fine ; Pink Venus. Prince of
Wales, Mrs. Bunn, Hero of Stoke Newington, and
Dr. Sharpe, the last grandly coloured and with good
size and substance in the flowers ; 2d, Mr. J. Kitchen,
gr. to Wm. Holland, Esq., Higher Broughton, near
Manchester, whose collection was very neat ; 3d,
Mr. R.Johnson, gr. to Thos. Slatter, Esq., Whitfield.
There were also two other collections staged. For four
large-flowered distinct varieties, Mr. Cash wasagsin well
to the front, and Mr. Kitchen occupied the same rela-
tive position as in the premier class. The ist coitection
consisted of Queen of England, Pink Venus, Ranunculus,
and Empress of India. 3d, Mr. W. Burns, gr. to Jas.
Fletcher, Esq., Stoneclough. In the class for four dis-
tinct pompons, Mr. J. McDonald, gr. to M. S. Bliss,
Esq., Broughton Park, took the lead, with splendidly
flowered plants of yellow, lilac, and white Cedo NuUi,
and St. Thais ; 2d, Mr. H. Bennett, gr. to Thomas
Dickens, Esq., Higher Broughton ; 3d, A. Bliss, Esq.,
Higher Broughton. There were four entries for six
Japanese varieties, the premier position being well
gained by Mr. Thomas Cash, with dwarf, well-
grown plants of Fair Maid of Guernsey. L'Isle des
Plaisirs, La Nymphe, Cossack, Meg Merrilies, and La
Charmeuse ; 2d, Mr. C. Pritchard, gr. to L. Yates,

Esq., Didsbury, amongst whose best plants were Cossack,
finely coloured. James Salter, and Bouquet Fait ; 3d,
Mr. M. R. Johnson, gr. to Thomas Stater, Esq. In the
class for eight plants for conservatory decoration (not
disbudded), Mr. H. Bennett was ist, with La Charmeuse,
La Nymphe, Mulberry, and Mons. Planclieneau. large-
flowered varieties, and the three forms of Cedo Null! and
Rosinante pompons, all of which were profusely flowered
in lo-inch pats.

Cut Flowers. — Twenty-four blooms, large-flowered,
distinct.— ist. Mr. G. G. Kirton, gr. to John Allen, Esq.,
Altrincham. with a splendid siand, consisting ot Mabel
Ward, Mad. Madeline Tezier, Pink Perfection, Mrs.
Heale, Venus, Beverley, Mr. Harding, Eve, John Salter,
Beauty, Barbara, Princess of Teck, Baron Beust, Mr.
Brunlees, Lady Hardinge. Guernsey .Nugget, Lady H.
St. Clair. Lord Wolseley. Lord A'cester, Mr. Cullingford,
Empress of India, Nil Desperandum, Golden Empress,
and Hero of Stoke Newington, even and good
all round ; 2d, Mr" H. Rose, gr. to D. McClure,
Esq., Heaton Mersey, near Manchester, whose stand
was also very good, the following blooms being ex-
cellent :— Jardin des Plantes, Golden Empress, John
Silter, Mrs. Heale, Miss Parnell, White Beverley, and
Mrs. Halliburton ; 3d, Messrs. W. Clibran &. Son, nur-
serymen, Altrincham. In the corresponding class for
twelve blooms the premier position was taken by Messrs.
Clibran & Son, whose stand was first-class, including
Birbara. Mrs. Heale, Princess Teck, Mr. W. E. Glad-
stone, Beverley, Lord Wolseley. Guernsey Nugget,
White Beverley, Queen of England. Empress and
Golden Empress ot India ; 2d, Mr. P. Mottershead, gr.
to H. S, Woodcock. Eiq., Wigan, whose best flowers
were Nil Desperandum and Jardin des Plantes ; 3d,
Mr. C. Dickson, gr. to J. G. Piatt, Esq., Cheadle. In
the class for twenty-lour blooms, including Anemone,
Japanese, and pompons, there were nine competitors,
but the ist place was easily gained Mr. H. Rose, whose
flowers were all good, especially the Japanese ; 2d, Mr.
C. Jones, gr. to Mrs. Shaw, Heaton Bolton ; 3d, Mr.
G. Mottershead, whose stand ran the 2d very closely.

MisccLLANEOUS PLANTS, &c. — Ten Primulas. — ist,
Mr. W. Radcliffe, Hollybank, Whitefield, with excellent
plants, some being grand colours. For six pots of
Roman Hyacinths there was a keen competition, and
they were splendidly shown, Mr. H. Bennett taking the
ist prize.

NoN-coMi'&TiNG Exhibits. — A splendid bank ot
Chrysanthemums in pots was staged by Mr. G. G.
Kinon (gr. to [. Allen, Esq.), Altrincham, consisting of
well-grown dwarf plants, representmg mainly the large
incurved section, the group richly meriting the extra
prize awarded. Messrs. G. & W. Yates, Market Place,
Manchester, staged a fine lot of flower ng and fohaged
plants. Messrs. A. J. Bruce, Chorlton-cuni-Hardy, and
Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait, of Manchester, also
materially contributed to the beauty of the show.

Apples were well shown by Mr. W. Nield, gr. to T,
W. Tatton, Esq., J. P., Wyldenshaw, Northenden, by
an exhibition of forty dishes, each distinct, and forwl'.ich
the judges awarded the Society's Silver Medal : this
honour Mr. Nield richly deserved, for his object in show-
ing was to convince the gentry of Manchester that first-
class Apples could be grown within six miles of their
busy city, and a better demonstration could not possibly
have been given. Messrs. W. Caldwell & Sons, Knuts-
ford, and Messrs Richard Smith & Co., of Worcester,
each staged very fine examples, the two firms showing
upwards of a hundred dishes, most of which were excel-
lent. [Correspondent. )

PLANTS, &c., FOR A TOWN

GARDEN.

A DWELLER at Notting Hill (**J. A. C."j asks
three questions, which require distinct answers. I
will take them seriatim. He says : — " I have a small
greenhouse 13 by 12 feet, and about 10 feet high,
facing east and south, the latter aspect a good deal
shaded by the neighbouring house. It is healed with
hoi water. I wish to know whether, with these con-
ditions, I may look for success in growing the ordin-
ary greenhouse plants in London." My correspond-
ent lives on the west slope of Notting Hill, and I
know from actual experience that much can be done.
In a house shaded on the south it would be useless
to attempt the storage o( Pelargoniums in the winter,
and all bedding plants are so cheap in the spring that
il is never worth the trouble they entail to keep thera.
Then the greenhouse is too high, as all such plants
require to be near the glass. Ferns, however, would
succeed admirably, and several climbers are well
adapted for such a greenhouse, l-'uchsias will also
succeed and flower well. One of the best climbers
is Plumbago capensis. An amateur living at Notting
Hill has a plant 10 feet across which was covered
with flowers this summer for more than three
months. He bought it for \s. 6(/. two years
ago, and placed it in the ground inside a similar
greenhouse. Another climber which would do well
is Lapageria rosea ; it loves shade, and must not be
kept too warm. Cobcea scandens would grow like
a weed, and probably produce hundreds of flowers
in a year or two. Tigridias and Lilium auratura

would also do well, and might be put out ia the
summer : all these require very little heat. With more
heat many Palms, Dracaenas (not the variegated ones),
the Indiarubber Ficus, and the Blue Gum (Eucalyptus),
grow luxuriantly as well as all the New Zealand
Tree Ferns, and they might under such conditions
be put out with the Lilies and Palms all the summer.
If sufficient heat can be maintained, Cattleyas,
Odontoglossums, and other Orchids, many of which
are now very cheap, would succeed. An inhabitant
of Notting liill has, I know, been very successful
with them. Gloxinias and many Begonias would
succeed admirably, but I have said enough to
show that success is to be attained. It is better,
however, to trust to foliage plants than to flowers,
with the exceptions already made.

The second question is — " What are the best hardy
plants to grow out-of-doors ? "

The difficulty in London and its suburbs arises not
so mu:h from the soil, but from the soot-laden atmo-
sphere. Most people trust to bedding plants for flowers,
and perhaps that is the safest course. The London parks
show that Rhododendrons do very well, if the soil is
well prepared for them, for some years, but sooner or
ialer they fail. The most vexatious thing in growing
flowers out-of doors is that the blossoms are spoiled
with dirly rain, loaded with soot, before they are open
or directly after. Again, foliage plants are best. The
Sumach, variegated Elder, Aucuba^ and Maize,
Castor-oil plants, and the contents ot the greenhouse,
make a very pleasant garden.

The last question is — "I have a bit of rockery: what
would flourish best on this ? "

Many plants do well in London on a rockery, if it is
well drained, and the soil can always he good. Eche-
verias do well, but need the protection of a
frame in winter ; several Campanulas, Salvias, and
all the more hardy old-fashioned rock flowers will
succeed. The attempt to make a successful rockery
has been much neglected near London, and I feel
assured that any honest attempt to do so would be
very successful, especially if it were protected from
rain by moveable sashes in iJirty weather.

In conclusion, I must warn my correspondent,
**J. A C," that all plmts require far more attention
in London than in the country ; constant syringing to
keep the leaves clean in ihe open, ami sponging in
the greenhouse is neces^^ary — any neglect would be
fatal to the plants. Hundreds of plants can be
grown with fair success, but all need much attention ;
I believe they suffer in consti'ulion, and will need
renewing from time to time, but for the lover of a
garden the pleasure is worth the toil, and un ler glass
very great success can be attained, although in the
open, perhaps, the result may be disappointing to one
who has enjoyed a country garden. B. T. L.

STATE OF THE WEATHER Al BLACKHEATH, LOiVDON
For the Week Ending Wednesday, No\ ember ig, 1884,

Hyyrome-

trical De-
ductions

from
Glaisher's

^

Barometer.

J

EMPERATLTRE OF
THE Air.

Wind.

Tables Mh

Q

Edition

.J

■<

. Ip

c

1

i

'A

0

l;.^^«

-

^

4i

0

i ■^-i-i

f,i

pj

1^

l« ", g-5 "

is

.3

c

Ml:

Q 1 -"

25

- ,«

Ci"

>9

Mean

30.22 +0.414S o<3.0| 5.045.4 + 2.741 31

+05046.5

3027

30.23

30.13

30.09

3017+046

30.28 +058

+047
+037
+036

I

SJ.OjlO-S 37 8
)3

7 0 37 0
33 5J 9-038 4— 3'|i3.S

' 5 34 7\

I
4S33.>

.5.'|3'.2

IS. 01 8 5|35 7—2

,' = I I
IS 5 8 5:40 o— I.I

IS 5 8535.8- 24

lS-»

N.NW 000
E. K.E 0 00
E. N.E. 0.00

N.E. !"'°°
W.N W 0.00

W.N W 0.00
I N.:
X W.NW°°°

13. — Fine day and night ; dull.

14. — Fine d.ty and nichl.

15. — Ho.ir frost in early morning. Very fine day and

night.

16. —Dull day and night.

17. — Dull d.iy ; fine, cold night.

iW.— Fine morning; slight rain about II A M, Dull,

cold night.
19 — Very fine day. Fine ni^ht ; overcast.

London : Atmospheric Pi-essiire, — During the week
ending November 15, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 30.33 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30. 2S inches by 9 a.m.
on the 9th, increased to 30.5O inches by 9 A.M.

November 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

667

on the loth, decreased to 30.29 inches by 3 P.M.
on the I2th, increased to 30.41 inches by 9 A.M.,
and decreased to 30.37 inches by 3 P.M. on the I31h,
increased to 30. 4S inches by 9 A.M. on the 14th,
decreased to 30.44 inches by midnight on the I4lh,
increased to 30.47 inches by 9 A.M. on the 15th, and
was 30.39 inches by the end of the weel<.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30 38 inches, being 0.36 inch higher than last
week, and 0.42 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 55°. 5, on the loth ; the
highest on the 15th was 43°.5. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 49^.3.

The lowest temperature was 33', on the 15th ; on
the 13th the lowest temperature was 47*. The mean
of ihe seven low night temperatures was 41°. I.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
11°, on the I4lh ; the smallest range was 5°, on
the I2th and I3lh. The mean of the seven daily
ranges was 8°. 2.

The mean temperatures were — on the gih, 50" ; on
the loth, 5o°.3 ; on the nth, 44°.4; on the 12th,
44". 7 ; on the 13th, 45°. 4 ; on the 14'h, 40°; on
the isih, 37'.S; of these the first five were above
their averages by 6°. i, 6°.S, i°.2, I°.S, and 2°.7
respectively, and the last two were below by 2^.5
and 4^.5.

The mean temperature of the week was 44°' 7i
being 4°.6 lower than last week, and l".? above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 102*, on the lolh. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 82°. 8.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 25°. 5, on the 15th.
The mean of the seven readings was 32^.2.

^ai'n.— 0.025 inch fell on the gih.

England ; Temperature. — During the week ending
November 15, the highest temperatures were 60° at
Truro, 58° at Plymouth, 57° at Sunderland ; the
highest at Sheffield was 53°, at Bradford 53°.5, at
Wolverhampton 53°. S. The general mean was 55°. 5.

The lowest temperatures were ^29° at Cambridge,
:9°.6 at Wolverhampton, 32°.2 at Brighton ; the
lowest at Plymouth was 40°. 5, at Sunderland 38°, at
Leeds 37°. The general mean was 34*.6.

The greatest ranges were 27°.5 at Cambridge,
24°. 2 at Wolverhampton, 24° at Truro ; the smallest
ranges were l6°.9 at Bradford, I7°.5 at Plymouth,
18° at Sheffield and Leeds. Tne general mean was
20°. 9.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, SS^.S, at Plymouth 54°.2, at Leeds
50°.8 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 47°. 9, at Sheffield
48° 6, at Cambridge 48'.7 The general mean was

50°.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 47°.4, at Plymouth 45°.6, at Biighton
42^.2; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 36', at
liolton 36°.9, at Cambridge 37°. I. The general mean
was 40'. 5,

The mean daily range was greatest at Wolver-
hampton, 13°.!, at Cambridge 11°. 5, at Bolton 11° ;
and was least at Brighton, 6°. 8, at Truro 7°. 9, at
Blackheath and Sheffield 8°. 2. The general mean
was 9°. 5.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 50°. 8,
at Plymouth 49°,4, at Leeds and Preston 45°. 4 ; and
was lowest at Bolton 4i°.9, at Wolverhampton 42°,
and at Cambridge 42°. 4. The general mean was 44°. 8.

Rain. — The largest falls were o. iS inch at Truro,
0.16 inch at Liverpool, 0.14 inch at Sheffield; the
smallest falls were 0.03 inch at Blackheath and Leeds,
and 0.04 inch at Cambridge. The general mean fall
was o.oS inch. No Rain fell at Brighton.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 15, the highest temperature was 54°. 3,
at Aberdeen ; at Dundee the highest was 52°.
The general mean was 53°.4.

The lowest temperature in the week was 25°, at
Glasgow and Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature
was 31°. 6. The general mean was 28^.6,

The mean temperature was highest at Greenock,
44°.4; at Dundee, 40°. 9. The general mean was

43°-3-

Ram. — The largest fall was 0.73 inch, at Glasgow,
and the smallest fall was o. 14 inch, at Aberdeen. The
general mean fall was 0.42 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Mr. John Maling, of The Grange, Durham, and
widow of Mr. Robert Nicholson, and was born in
1S27. Mr. Ilamond was educated at Eton and at
Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the
Bar at Lincoln's Inn in Michaelmas Term, 1S53.
He wasa m,igistrate and Deputy- Lieutenant for Cam-
bridgeshire, and served as High Sheritf in 1S79. To
our readers Mr. Ilamond's name will be familiar as
the proprietor of the finest and most extensive pinetum
in this country. Of this unrivalled collection we
have frequently had occasion to speak, as well as of
the extensive planting operations carried on by Mr.
ILimond, and which have converted a large area of
barren hillside into productive woodland. Mr.
ILimond's loss will be severely felt by all interested
in arboriculture.

©ijttuars,

Mr. William Parker Hamond, of Pampisford
Hill, Cambridgeshire, and of Haling, near Croydon,
Surrey, formerly High Sheriff of the former county,
died on Wednesday, November 12, at his seat near
Cambridge. He was the only son of the late Mr.
William Parker Hamond, of Pampisford Hall and
Haling, by his marriage with Margaret, daughter of

Answers to Correspondents.

Ants in Hothouse : A'. Y. A strong soUiiion of
carbolic acid poured into their haunts will rid you of
them ; and this or boiling water poured on the wood-
lice suddenly when they are abroad at night will thin
their numbers immensely.

Bulrushes in Running Water : E. S. W. Yes,
they will grow if there be a sufficiency of mud for them
to root into, not otherwise. You had better raise
young plants from seed in a kind of bog-bed, such as
Cranberries are grown in, and when large enough
transplant into the mud of the stream, or else get roots
from some source.

Flowers for Terua-cotta Vases : C. Urt/nh-irf.
For winter and very early spring, Yuccas — as recutva,
spfciosa, and gloriosa ; Euonymus japonica in green,
silver, and gold variegated kinds ; Conifers, as Thuias
in variety ; Retinosporas plumosa, filicifolia, &c. ;
Skinimia japonica, having pretty red berries ; Berberis
Hookeri, B. dulcis, B. AquifoHa ; silver and gold
Hollies, and many other such hardy evergreens ;
covering the bare soil with Sedum acre, or the golden
variety, or Sedum glaucum and Saxifraga rolundifolia.
Thymus lanuginosus, and the golden variety of Lemon
Thyme, are pretty at the margins of big vases whose
contents remain for a year undisturbed. For flowers
during the winter and spring Tulips, Squills, Hya-
cinths, Narcissus, Triteleia uniflora. Crocus, and Snow-
drops may be used. As plants for filling vases in
summer there are Pelargoniums of the zonal section,
both single and double forms, Heliotropes. L-\nlanas,
Fuchsias, tuberous-rooted Begonias, Lilies, Cannas,
Petunias, Hedychiums, Zinnias, Scabiouses, Roses in
pots, especially the Fairy and Fallenberg, Noisettes,
Aloysia citriodora, and a great number of summer
creepers are available for vases in the summer and
early autumn months.

Gardeneks" Notice to Leave : //. J. A gardener,
being usually engaged at so much per year, he is
entitled to a month's notice— or money in lieu of that.

Insects : M. A. B. Your Carnation: are attacked by a
little two-winged fly {Phytomyzasp.) not half the size
of the common house-fly, the larvse of which feed
within the leaves and stems. The leaves, which are
the first attacked, should be sharply pinched in the
spaces, which show the mining of the larvae, so as to
kill the latter. W.

Inverted Mushroom : W. P. There is nothing very
uncommon in the inverted hymenium of the Mush-
room.

Lists of Plants : A//ii M. O. will find complete lists
of the late Mr. Henry's introductions in the Proceed-
ings of tht Edinburgh Botanical Society, and ample
justice will doubtless be done them in Sir Joseph
Hooker's promised biography.

Mutisia decurkens : B. B. This is found in Downie
and Laird's (Edinburgh) list of greenhouse plants.

Names of Fruit : Capt. J. B. Titbits. Pear: Chau-
montel.— T', Mills. The Apple is correcdy named
Scarlet Nonpareil. — //. Crux. Probably Wyken
Pippen. — IV. L. Burton. 3, Winter Codlin ; 4,
Pomme Violette ; 9, Dutch Mignonne. The others
are most probably local seedlings that have never been
named— of no merit. — J, Baylzs. i, Irish Peach; 2,
Duchess of Oldenberg ; 3, Tower of Glamis ; 4,
American Mother ; 5. Edmund Jupp ; 6, Downton
Pippin. — W. J?. 2, Boston Russet ; 20. Evagil ; 14,
not known. — y. Taylor. Your Apple is not known
to U3. It may probably be a seedling. It partakes
greatly of the Crab.— £. IV. Garroiv. Pears: A,
Autumn Colmar ; b, Comte de Lamy.

Name.'; of Plants : W. H. Blair. Calvary Clover,
or Medicago echinops ; the other is a species of Aster
not readily identified.— .1//-. M. i, Pinus contorta ; 2,
cannot determine this without cones. — L. C. i, Pani-
cum plicalum ; 2, Pellsea hastata ; 3, specimen insuf-
ficient; 4, Zygopetalum Mackaii. — IVm. M. Crassula
lycopodioides and Mesembryanthemum uncinauim. —
H. J. C. Miriophyllum spicatum. You will find all
the British flowermg aquatics in any British Flora.—
H. S. Polygonum avjculare.— y. G. We do not
undertake to name florists' flowers.—//. M. Oldsworth.
Maxillaria picta. — L. E. R. Cyrtomium falcatum.

Seedling Apples : W. Divers. A pretty enough
fruit, but so far past its season that we cannot speak
as to its quaUty.

Testudinaria elephantipes : Samuel Finney. This

plant, related to the Yams, grows from the rhizome
or root-stock to a height of 30—40 feet. The slender
stems bear more or less heart-shaped smooth leaves,
and in the axils of these short racemeS of greenish-
yellow flowers are produced. It is a native of the
Cape of Good Hope, and may be grown in a cool
greenhouse after June, but needs starting in a vinery
or such-Hke place. It blooms in July and August.

The Leek Rose Society: ^l Puzzled En,iuirer, who
does not send his name or address, seems more
anxious to expose us to the risk of an action for libel
than to uphold purity and. honourable dealings at
exhibitions.

Weichsel, &c. : R. R. IVhitekead. Weichseln are
Cherries — varieties of Cera^us vulgaris — re^embUng
our Morello. There are numerous kinds in Germany,
finding their use in distillation and in the household.
The red seeds are those of the Hfaffen Kappen (Par-
son's Cap), Euonymus europa^us, common over
Southern Germany and .Austria.

Communications Rkchcvkd. — The Gardener, Almora. —
R. M. C— B. B.-G. A. P— G. Donaldson.— W. F.—
C W. G.— W. G. S.— Sander & Co. — M. Dunn.— J. Taylor.
—A. O. Sankey.— Garriclc,— W. R.-Carter. PaRc vS: Co.—
Walt. Charman.-R. D — A. D.-A. G.— M. Tite.— B. Plow-
tight. -J. T. R.— T. W.— G. A. Purdie.— J. Met.- A. B —
Le Direcleiir Comoagnie Continentale. — S.J. — W. Jamiesion.
-). GodsefT-C. Y. M.— J. J. B.— F. Calver.-J. S.— J. F.
— vV. Gumbleton.

larhcts*

COVENT GARDEN, November 20.

M.vrket very quiet ; supplies still in excess of de-
mand. Nova .Scotian Apples in large consignments at
reduced values. Kent Cobs no alteration ; Pines short,
and in better demand. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d. s. d. s d.

. 16-40 Melons, each .. 16-30

. f^o 0-^2 6 Pine-apples. Eng, ,1b. 40-60
, 06-30 Pears, French, doz. 16-36

Apples, ^-sieve
Cobs, per 100 lb.
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case.

Vegetables,— Avhrags Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d. s. d. t. d.

Artichokes, Globe, Lettuces. Cabbage.

per doz. .. ,.40-60 per dorea .. ..16-.,

Beins. French, lb. o 6- . . — Cos, each ., o a- ..

Beet, per doz. .. i o- .. Mint, green, bunch. . o 0- ..

Cabbages, per dot .. 16-30 Mushrooms.p. baskt. i o- a o

Carrots, per bun, .. 06- .. Onions, per bashel . 40- ..

Cauliflowers, Eng- — Spring, per bun. 06-,.

lish, dozen.. .. 10-26 Parsley, per bunch., o 4- ..

Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Radishes, per doi. .. 16-..

Celery, per bundle.. 1 6- a 6 Salsify, per bund. .. i o- ..

Cucumbers, each ..06-10 Scakale, per punnet 16-20

Endive, English, per Small salading, per

dozen .. , . i o- . . punnet .. .,04-..

Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Spinach, per bushel 20-,,

Herbs, per bunch ., 02-04 Tomatos, per lb. .. o 6- i o

Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

PotatoS- — Magnum Eonums 4^^ ^.o^os\ Regents, yoi. togij.
Champions. 45s to 605. per ton. Trade very quiet.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s. d. i. d. t. d.

Marguerites. 12 bun. 30-60
Mignonette, 12 bun, 10-40
Pelargoniums, per 12
sprays .. .. o g- i 6

— scarlet, 12 sprays 04-06
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Roses (indrior), doz. 20-60

— (outdoor), 12 bun. 6 0-12 o
Stephanoti-;j 12 spr. 40-80
TroptColum, 12 bun. 1 o- a o
Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-16
Violets. 12 buQ. ..10-16

— French, bunch.. 16-20

— Parme, French,
per bunch . . ..40-56

Wal.fljwer, t2bun.. 40-60
White Jasmine, per
bunch ..06-10

Abutilon. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4
Azalea, la sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 2
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanlh., 12 bun. 2
— large, 12 blooms o
Cyclamen, 12 blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bunches 2
Eicharis, per doz. ., 3
Girdenias, 12 blms.. 4
Gladiolus, various.

12 spikes .. ..1

Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, la

blooms . . . . 2
— red, 12

blooms . . . . I

0-40
0-60
0-16
9- I o
0-60
0-20
0-60
6-20
3-06
0-40
0-60
0-80

0-30

Plajjts in Pots. — Aver.
J. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, do2. 6 0-24 o
Arbor- vitae (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardii, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chrysanth., dozen .. 40-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsna terminalis.

per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus. various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var,,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

AGE Wholesale Prices.

s. d. J. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen ,. ..8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o

Palms in variety,
each .. ..a 6-3 i o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen . . ..40-60

Solaoums, dozen .. 9 o-ia o

SEEDS.

London ; Not'. 19. — To-days market, as might have
been e.-tpected, was very thinly attended, and the business
doing was small. With regard to Clover seed generally,
the position is without change ; buyers seem determined
to hold aloof, whilst for inferior English samples the
tendency of values is downwards. American Clover
seed is quite neglected on this side. Hemp seed is
cheaper. For Canary seed the demand is very meagre.
Rather more money is asked for blue Peas, and the
offerings show a falling off. Feeding Linseed keeps
steady. John Shaw 6* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark
Lane, London, E.C.

668

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

H

Oil Falst No Longer Necessary,
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Slooe.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

<*>»U^v

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstaoding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixine
or thinnitig. and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received-
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Sution in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Piercefield Park, June ai, 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
orwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish ca,sk,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox,"

CAUTION — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as 3 truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles. Field
and Entrance Gates, S:c-, sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E,C.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DBNNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 3^. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. fid. each.

Price List on amplication.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

KOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id,,
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W,

HE "LANKESTER" HOT -WATER

BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid. Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economy ff Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two ^lide Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boder as the best with which we

are acquainted.

Price of Boiler
y Heal of arid 'set of

''°°S- 4-in. Pipe. Finings.

A.

19 in.

150 feet

i.'.

10

H,

22 in.

300 ..

6

■ 5

<J.

24 in.

400 ,,

■>

D

26 in.

500 „

P

10

E,

28 in.

600 „

10

IS

F,

32 m.

700 ,,

12

s

u.

36 in.

850 ,,

n

15

H

42 in.

1000 .,

11

10

1,

48 in.

1250 .,

17

5

1.

54 in-

i6co „

19

10

K

60 in

2000 ,,

22

10

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning do^rs, damper, &c

Says a Gardener of great fxf>erience .*— " It is a wortderful
Boiler. It IS the best for keeping mat night that I know. It burns
anything. " " It will become a universsl favourite "

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plale complete, ai'd
6feet of funnel. This is called ihe "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas.. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
ail night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, sofeet si2e, ^4 15 : 100 feet size. £,<-, 15J.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all paits of ihe Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on applicaticn.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

Horticultural Builders and Manufacturers
of Boilers, Valves, &c.

Experienced men sent to any part of the Kingdom. Our
men are generally fixing Boilers in most of the Home Counties,
and can be sent at a short notice to inspect or replace Boilers.

Cbec^-end Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS

OF BOILER

KEPT IN

STOCK.

This Boiler is fixed in every county ui Eng'and, giving the
greatest satisfaction.

Terminal-end Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS

OF BOILER

KEPT IN

STOCK.

NETT PEICES ON APPLICATION.

Catalogues Post-free. All Boilers are guaranteed to heat
efficiently the quantity of piping staled in the Catalogue.

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

I _^
Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1.

Have been giving unqualified satisfaction mote than 20 years.

Thousands in successful use.

Posspji:; the greatest area of heating turface,

Will heat a greater length of pipe with Icis fuel than any oih'.r

boiler of same size.
Require a shallow stokehole.

Have no joints at the ends of the tubes as in other tubular boilers.
Will last longer than any other boiler

The following Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for
itself :-

■' The Caf.h-Ks, West Aihby, Horncastie, Oct. it, 1884.

" Dear Siri^, — We have got the boiler fi.xed (a Horizoutal
Tubulas A I Patent Dennis Boiler) ard well tried. I am very
pleaded with i'. both in its working and stokmg. It makes the
pipes so hot that we cannot bear our hands on them, a'though
the arrangement of the pipes is very complicaied. I riever
charged it yet more than half full of coke We have another
range of housei heaiel with a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and it it wants an>thirg doing to it I will have it repbced
by one of yours.— I am, yours truly (signed) Geu. M urrav."
A'e2v, Revised, and Reduced PRICE LIST, just pnbhihed,
pcsC-free on apfidcation.

CROMPTON AND FAWKES {formerly T, H. P. Dennis &
Co.^, Heating Engineers and Manufacturers, Anchor Work?,
Chelmsford (London Office : Mansion House Buildings).

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames £^1,, Loudon, E.C.

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds.

And Surrey Works. Blackfrlars Koad, London, S E.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the (^ueen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTEXTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOIIiERS.

Wiih WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOH.ERS,

which are Specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Cimjcr-

vaiories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance

Halls, Warehouses, Workshops. &c.

They are t/ie neatest, cJuafest. most effective, and durab >

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable fcr their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Awirdedtoitat the Royal Hnrticulturnl Soiietys ExhtHli.n,
South i\cn\inston, London^ on June 3 188 .

LDHCITUDIMAL SECT fCN

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says :—
" Heating Attaratus —A great number of boilers, valves,
&c . were exhibited by eight competitors, and considerable in-
lerett was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and niuch
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and ^hortcomi^gs
of the different boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a lelter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerrul boiler *i'n-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the judges."

The Garden of June ir says : —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boi'er. and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a smsll consumption
of fuel." .

Descriptive Illustrattd Price List may be had free on applicadon.
Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hol-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest noiice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from 4d. to is. 6;/. per gallon.

The Marvel of Power is
XllT'ATSON'S GREAT WATER HEATER

VV or PATENT DOULE ACTION SUSPENSION
BOILER, to Heat from 200 to 2000 feet of 4-inch pipe at half
the co;t of an ordinary Boiler. Well suited for Heating in any
place where an ordinary Saddle can be applied. For
Prospectuses

Apply to T. WATSON, The Nursery, St. Albans, Herts.

PAINE'S PATENT VENTILATING
GEAR for Greenhouses. — 120 Ventilators can be opened
and closed in one minute. No cords required ; can be worked
by a b y. and cmnot get out of order. Information and
iefert;nces on application to

G. PAINE, Machinist, Broadwater, Worthing-

R. HALLIDAY

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very brst.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot- water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates ami Catalogues Jree. Customers waited on in any part o/tkf Kingdom,

MODERATE CHARGES.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

FIRST-CLASS WORK.

THE BEST MATERIALS.

November 22, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

669

xv . O -

" Hand desinam donee perfecero."

DUN

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

BAR

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

HOT-WATER PIPES 2-mch, is.od.; 3-inch, 15. 5^/ ; 4-inch, u. 9^. per yard.

ELBOWS 2-inch, 1^.4^/.; 3-inch, 2s. od.; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

3YPH0NS 2-inch, 2.J. Ort'. ; 3-inch, 3^. o^. ; 4-inch, 4^. oaf', each.

■]-££S 2 -inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, 35.0a'.; 4-inch, ^s. od. each.

A Discount for Cash to the Trade.

STEVEN BROS. & CO. Wmught and cast Plam saddle boilers.

" ^^ ■' Terminal-end Saddles.

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers,

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c.

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints.

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

7V07'£'. — Steven Bros, have the iargest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

The COTTAGER'S Calendar

GARDEN

OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d. ; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100.

If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.

^''^ iS^S^G^TJo/SGREENHOnSES are co'n^cted so a7to oMata, witH the least obstruction to Uglit aua sun .He greatest Strengtt. and Elgldlty.

The best Materiab and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy compelilion.
Three MedaU awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates ^ «« °° ^PP^'^^r^" ^^
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue containing ^-^l^^ .^^f/^^fjl^^^,:^^ Conservatories, Vrnenes, Plant House,,

Forcin'^ Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. ir' Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGEB & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

670

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 22, 1884.

RICHARDSON'S

IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES

WITH ADJUSTABLE RIDGE VENTILATION.

Lights can be insiantly reiiiovtd or propped open at auy angle
without interfering with the plants.

Carriage Paid to anv Station. Apply for Price List to

W. RICHARDSON & CO.,

Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers,

DARLINGTON.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free ot
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings. Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

Cucumber Frames.

RH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — i, s. d.
2-lighl frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p„„vin(T ( 3 10 o
3-light frame, 12 feel by 6 feet ^ Cases frfe ) 5 5 o
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet \ ' ( 10 o o

The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pus at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLIDAY andCO-, Hoihouse Buildersand Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton. Manchester.

J. BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOROUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES

in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
with Prices, Post-free.

DAVI D LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

AND

HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK,

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.

Garden Framti and Saskts in Stock.

DEANE & CO.'S
''GEM" CONSERVATORY.

(Design Regntered No. 14.865.)

10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 in. high.

Price complete, with lantern roof, staging, coloured glass in
lantern and door, ventilating lights in side and lantern, gutter
and down pipe, and Loughborough Hot-water Apparatus, with
15 feet of 4-inch pipe.

£25

nett.

'* GEM " CONSERVATORY, as above, 12 feet long.
8 feet wide. £28 nett.

Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or
delivered carriage free to any Station in England, with every
part marked for fixing.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

" A marvel ofecoromy." — Gardeturi Magazine.

" A cheap and handsome conservatory." — Bazaar.

" An ornamental and useful conservatory." — Garden JVork.

" Ihere is nothing like the ' Gem.' "^Ladies' Pictorial.

DESIGNS and ESTIMATES for CONSERVATORIES,
GREEENHOUSES and HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH HOT-WATER
APPARATUS.

Complete as shown, with 12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water
Pipe, ,£4 4J.

Delivered free to any Sta-
tion. Discount for Cash,

The simplest, cheapest,
and most powerful appanitus
made. It requires no brick
setting, ni stokehole, and
no hot-water filter for fixing,
and burns more than twelve
hours without attention.
Loughborouth Boilers to heat up to 650 feet of 4- inch pipe, with
hot-water pipes, joints. &c., always in stock,

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF A^Y

SIZE ON APPLICATION.

CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

LONDON BRIDGE.

46, King William
Street, E.C

FOR SALE, 40 yards (in two lengths of
20 yards each) of MERRVWEATHER'S REDkUBBER
GARDEN HObE, fitted wiih Joints, Swivels, and Hose Eid
—as good as new. Cost £,i 15^. five months ago. May be had
for £,1 \%s., entire ; or, in separate length, for 30J. each. Apply,
ais early as possible, to

Rev. Dr. ROGERS, The Grove, Durham.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.

SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made ol a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
;. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock,

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOBQE FABMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. Jolin'B Street, West Smlthfield, London, EC.

stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

SPECIAL G LASS

FOR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c.

All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes OD application.

T. & W. F A R M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, kz.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C
B, & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
laiiL, 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in., 20 in. by 18 in., in 16-01.
and 2I-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300 ft. cases.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.
Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 4J. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 631,

Terminal Holdfasts.
No. 632. jg| p^^ j^^

""la

2 2J4 3 3J^ inches,
31^. ^d. ^d. yd. per doz.

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

15. gd., 2S., and 2S. 6d. per loo yards.
Illtatraied CATALOGUES on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

Kosber'3 Garden Edging Tiles.

^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are soecially
suited for KITCHEN'
GARDENS, as they har-
hour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no

^ _^ further labour or expense, ^

as do 'grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.,m Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kmgsland Road, E.

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
fur Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 31. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain ot
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Luung Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kuchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Pavmg ol great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

a I L V E R S~A N D,

yj fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

B\ ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues : — 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at 3f. ; 6 li. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at -as. sd. \ 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft., 3*. id. Apply to

Miss MOLiyUE, Aston Clinton, Tring.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. - AH the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bjrs, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiflany.
Tarpaulin.^, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lin«s. .ind
Twines. Price LIVT on application to J BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for coveiiiig, packing, &c,, and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices apply to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, 9, Tames Street, Covent
Garden, W.C

NOVSMEER 22, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

671

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron and Wire iispalier, &c.

MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS.

GALVANISED.

EYES, ?</. perdoz. HOLDFASTS, with !

Winders, ^s. per dozen. WIRE, is. per ico yards.

lllmlr,Ur<l CATALOGUE /r,e on afflicalim.

BAYLISS. JONES & BaYLISS,

VICTORI.\ WORKS. \VOLVERII.\MPTON' ;

And 3, Crooked Lane. King Wilii.im Street. London, E.C

Plc;*^e name this paper.

Goud and Cbeap lasectlctdes.

TOBACCO P.VPER and CLOTH (Roll).—
rnoinufihly reliable quality ; low prices. Trade supplied.
RICHARDSON AND CO.. Tobacco Woiks. Leith. N.B.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GBNERAL HORTICULTUKAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manuractiirers —
BLASE & MACKENZIE. SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S
WATERPROOFand other LABELS. Tor Nursery and
Greenhouse pu po^es ; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRViM CLOTH for Shadiue. Pictorial, flower,
and Vegetable .Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites.
A lilress : Schnol Lane. Liverpool.

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER
(Patent). Great Economv in Time and Labour. Sample
Box, containing six dozer, in three size?, price 5J. St 1 1 by

R. H. AND J. P£ARSuN. 141 and 143, High Strec, Noiting
HlH. London, W. ; and J. W DAkT, -t. Aubin's, Jersey.

RUSSIA MATS.

JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every
description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiing, Tying, and
Packing, at the very lowest poisib'e prices. TOBACCO
PAPER. RAFFIA, RROWN PE\T, SILVER SAND,
COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI-
CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Piiced
CATALOGUE posc-iree on application.

149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.

Now Ready.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL
for 1SS5.
Contains a Complete List of over 7250 Country Seats,
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the United Kingd>>m ; over 800
New Names have been added to the Gardeners' List during the
past season. There is also the best Trade List published, cor-
rected to date. Price \s., by post li. -^d.

Of all Nurserymen, Bo' kiellers, and at 37, Southampton
Street, Strand, London. W.C.

Now Ready, 8vn, price 2j dd. ; post-free, is. qd.

OFFICIAL REPORT of the NATIONAL
APPLE CONGRESS, held at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens. Chiswick, in October, 1S83.

Compiled and prepared by Mr. A. F. BARRON.
London : MACMILLAN S: O \. Bedford Street, Strand, WC.

PARTNERSHIP, &c.— A Gentleman, with
small amount ot Capital, wishes to hear of a NURSERY
BUSINESS, in the Country, to be DISPOSFD Of: or,
would JOIN a Practical Man desirous of WORKING UP a
similar business. — H. W. H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

PARTNER WANTED (about^yoo) in an
Old-established Nursery Business 12 milcb (rom London.
Tharout;h knowledge of the Trade, and energetic — A. M. ,
3. Parson's Hill, Woolwich. 5. E.

PARTNER WANTED, with ^looo, to
extend old-established Nursery. Must taki active part
or keep books, and can have freehold security for money
invested. — H., C. Adkics, 60, Charlwood Street West,
Pimlico. S.W

PARTNER. — Working Nurseryman, with
;^3oo to ^500, to j lin owner (with larger amountl, and
Manage.— B. J.. Gardetter^ ChronicU Office, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

"pARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet

-■- with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
— Full particulars en application to N. Q., Gardeners' ChronicU
Office. 4r, Wellington ^treet. Strand. London, W.C.

Princess Helena College, EaJing.

WANTED, a good WORKING SINGLE-
HANDED GARDENER. Must understand Laying-
out New Ground. Married, no children preferred. Cottage
provided. Apply to LADY PRINCIPAL, as above.

V\7'ANTED, a FOREMAN, for Herbaceous,

▼ » Alpine, and Hardy Florist Department. Only a
thoroughly experienced man suitable.— Apply, slating where
last employed, and salary required, to JAMES DICKSON
AND Suns, •' Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

WANTED, by a firm in the neighbourhood
ofafairs./rdprovi.cial town, a WORKING FORE-
MAN, well acquiinted with the Kcncral routine of M.»iket
G.'Mdeniog, anU accustomed to the Ptop-igiiion ot Fruit Trees.
Roses, and general Nursery Stock.— Apply by letter, in the fi-st
place, sHilii'C age, experience, salary, and references.-— W. W.
J , Me^^^s Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 151, Houndsdiieh,
London, E.C

WANTED, a PROPAGATOR, from a
Nursery, used to Forced Flowers.— .\pply, onlvil used
to the work, youitp. single, and active, by letter, with lull
particulars and w.iges wanted, to F. B.,9, Frith Street, Suho, W.

WANTED, in a Large Provincial Nursery,
a MAN, thoroughly competent to take Charge of the
Glass Department. He nlu^t know Plants well and their Value.
Wages to commence at 30J. per week. — Particulars to A H.,
41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ^^^

WANTED, an efficient ASSISTANT in the
Fru;t Tree Department of a large Provincial Nursery.
An active, intelligent youi g man with a good knowledge of the
varieties of Fruits is required. — Apply, stating agf, where
formerly employed, and wages required, to B A B . Gar-
dtufn' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Str.ind, W.C.

WANTED, a respectable young man, as
ASSISTANT in Garden Seed Depariment —Apply,
stating age, references, and salary required, to EDWARD
WEBB AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment, Wordsley,
Stourbddge.

ANTED, an experienced FOREMAN

WOODMAN, thoroughly well up in the Planting.
Thiniiing. Falling, and Measurement of Timber. — Send full
particulars to F. and A. DICKSON and SONS. The Queen's
Seedsmen, Chester.

WANTED, a HANDY-MAN, on a Gentle-
man's estate, to make himself useful in Garden, &c.
Middle-aged, manied man without children preferred. Wages
if J. per week, with lodge. Good character indispensable —
Address, by letter. A. T. WILSON, Nurseryman, Victoria
Nursery, Romford-

Seed 7rade.

WANTED, a CLERK and CORRE-
SPONDENT, and to do a journey. Mu^t be goud
Worker and thoroughly experienced in the Trade, Unexcep-
tionable references as to sobriety, &c. — Apply in own hand-
writing, stating experience and where obtained, and age,
to C. \^.,Cardiners' Chronicle O^c^, i,\t Wellington Street,
Strand, WC.

ANTED, as HACKER, an active hard-

working man, accustamed to Park Orchids or Valuall;
Plints. — Apply, staling age, wag;i, and previous engagements,
to F. SANDER and CO., St. Albans.

WANT PLACES.

*+* Gardeners arid others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

I C H AR D SMITH AND CO.

beg to annoance that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOT C H GrATlTD E N E R S .
— John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTC H
GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to ;£too per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full pat ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 233, High Holbom, W.C.

C:< ARDENER (Head).— Mr. HARDWicK7of
-^ Hollanden, Tonbridge, wishes highly to recimmcnd his
Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight
years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on
accf unt of family moving to I'own — For particulars apply
to P. C. HARUWICK, Esq , address as above.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kepr. — Age 30. married, one child. Leaving Dec, 6.
Fourteen years' practical experience in all branches of the pro-
fession. Three yeais and nine months In present situation.
Good references from present and previous employer-;. — JOHN
HAMMOND, The Gardens, Boldre Grange, Lymington,
Hants.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;
thoroughly understands Early and Late Forcing of
Pines, Vines, Peache=, Melons, &c., Stove and Gieenhouse
Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, and ihe general
requirements of a large establishment. Can be highly recom-
mended by lite ana previous employer. — J. W. bEDGLEV,
Dunkirk, Oitery St. Mary, Devon.

A R D E N E R (HE.A.D).— John Leman

begs to offer his services to any Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiring a really practical man. Well versed in all the
most important branches of Horticulture. Two years' entire
charge of the Conservatory Department of the Royal Dublin
Society's Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. Copies of unexceptional
testimonials.— OLANTIGH, Pudding Lane, Chigwell Row,
Essex.

GARDENER (Head).— ^^lo lionus given to
any one being the means of procuring the advertiser a
situation as above. Characicr and abilities undoubted. Total
abstainer. — N. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
two children ; tifie^^n years' experience, both under
Glass and \\\ Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good relcrence.
— M. W , Kiddingion. Woodstock, Oxon.

GARDENER (HEAD WORKING).—
Thoroughly experienced in Orchids Stove and Green-
house Plants, Iforcing Fruits and Flowers. Flower and Kitchen
G.irdening. South preferred.- J. M, PHILLIPS, Fioiian,
Torquay

r:i ARDENER (Head Working).— A Gen-

V J TLiiMAN can highly recommend his Head Gardener 10

any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly energetic and
good all-round Gardener. — A. T., Woodtields, Moseley, Bu-
iitin^ham.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept, or good Sinclr-handeo. — Age 34,
married ; understands Vine*;, Cucumbtrs, Melons. Peache^.
Fiower and Kitchen Gardening, also Stock.— M. A. B.,3, Giove
Road, Ealing, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
another is kept, or SINGLE-HANDED.-Understant's
Vines, Peaches, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Many years* ex-
perience Eight years' good character from present employer. —
E. THOMAS. Whitney Cuurt, Whitney, Herefordshire.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— ■'^K* 35 • understands Cows. Leaving through death.
Five year.' good character. — E. K, 6, Grafton Road, New
Maiden, Surrey.

GARDENER. — German, single; twelve
years' thorough experience in Growing Palms, Ferns,
and General Forcing. Best references. — WOLFF, 255. Upper
Richmond Road, Putney.

ARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED).— Age 32,

single ; Cucumbers, Vmcs, Greenhouse, &c.. Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Two years' good reference — four in
previous. State wages.— H. WILLIAMS. 47, Upper Park
Road, Hampstead, London. N.W.

GARDENER, where assistance is given, or
good SECOND.— Age 27; ten years experience. Total
abstainer.— A. EMPbON, Greenford (ireen, near Harrow on-
the-HiU.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 27, married
when suiied ; thiiteen years' (xpeiience in all branches.-
Excellent character from last employer. — W. MAGGS, 18,
Rectory Place, Fulham. London, S.W.

GARDENER (Second), in the Houses;
age at. — F. Ford, Swalclifie Park, Banbury, would be
pleaded to recommend a young man as above. Six years' expe-
rience in Good establishments.

/.^ARDENER (SECOND, or good UNDER).—
V^ Age 24 : well up to the work. Good character. — W. T.
2, Keen's Road, Croydon.

To the Trade

MANAGER or GENERAL FOREMAN.
— W. F. GuNN. many years Foreman at the Solihull
Nurseries, and late of the Newton Nurseries, Chester, offers his
services as above. Thirty years' experience Indoors and Out.
Good knowledge of Growing for Market and the Cut Flowt r
Trade. — Address as above, Acocks Green, Birmingham.

FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, under
Glass. — Age 25, single ; well up in Growing for Market,
and Nursery Work generally. Good Salesman. First-class le-
/erences. — H. H., 120, Upper Thrift Sireet, Northampton.

OREMAN PROPAGATOR and

GROWER. — Twenty years' experience m general
Nursery Trade ; also Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. Good Sales-
man.— ALPHA, The Manse, Sutton-on-Trent, Newark, Notts.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, where
Plants and Cut Flowers are required in large quantities.
Well recommended by present and past employers. — W. J.,
Catteshall Coffee Tavern, Godalming.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or KIT-

O CHEN GARDEN, in a good establishment. —Seven vears'
experience in good places. Bothy preferred. — J. D., 2, Piim
rose Cottages, Brook Lane. Cheshunt. Herts.

IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle-
man's garden ; age i6. — G. Kemp, The Gardens, Downe
Hall, vul Beckeoham, Kent, can well recommend a young
man as above.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 26 ; eleven years' ex-
perience. Qualified m all branches of the business. Unex-
ceptional references. — W O. , Box 68, Post-office, Chester.

SHOPMAN, or otherwise. — Age 30 ; thorough
knowledge of Seed and Florists* Business. Could Assist
with Bo^ ks.— J. G., 28, Barrow Hill Road, Si. John's
Wood, N W.

fpo THE SEED TRADE.— An experienced

-I- young man, of excllent character, will be open for an
engagement in the above Business on ttie ist proximo. — Address
A. R., Gardetu-n' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street.
Strand, W.C.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTand PILLS.—
A frequent cause of Gout and Rheumatism is the iiiflam-
matory state of the blood attended with bad digestion and
genersl debility. A few doses of the Pills taken in time are
an effectual preventive against Gout and Rhematism. Any one
who has an attack of eittier should use Holloway's Ointment
also, the powerful action of which, combined with the operation
of the Pills, must infallibly effect a cure .These Pills act directly
on the blood, which they purify and improve. Having once sub-
dued the severity of these diseases, perseverance with the Oint-
ment, after fomenting the affected joints with warm brine, will
speedily relax all stiffness and prevent any permanent contt action.

672

THR GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[MOVEMBER li, 1884.

NEAA^ EARLY CABBAGE.

EVIDENCE

OF

QUALITY,

FROM

G. T. MILES,

Gardener to Lord
Carrington,

WYCOMBE ABBEY.

'■June 3.
" As a large early variety,
in my opinion it stands un-
rivalled, producing very large
tender heads of good flavour,
very early in the spring
season."

EVIDENCE

OF

QUALITY,

FROM

D. T. FISH,

HARDWICKE,
BURY ST. EDMUNDS.

" As to the Cabbage, it is
superb, and I do think it
very much improved ; your
strain is wonderfully perfect
and true, and I never wish
for a finer Cabbage.

" For Winter, Spring, and
in fact all the year round
Cabbage, I wish for none
better than A llanos Incom-
parable.^'

ALLAN'S INCOMPARABLE.

This new variety was raised by Mr. ALLAN, Head Gardener to the Right Honourable Lord Suffleld,

Gunton Park, Norwich.

From the numerous Testimonials we have received in favour of this distinct early Cabbage we have every
confidence in offering it to the Public, feeling sure it will prove a valuable addition to our Spring Vegetables.

Being a quick-growing and white-veined variety it is consequently very tender, and of delicate flavour, and
will be found quite an acquisition to the Gentleman's Gardener and the Grower for Market.

EVIDENCE OF QUALITY.

April 4.— From Mr. J. H. GOODACRE, Gardener to the Earl of Harrington,

Elvaston Castle.
" I find them very early, and of good quality, and are very hardy."

May 10.— From Mr. J. CLARKE, Gardener to Lord Hastings, Melton Constable-
"lean truly assert that for all the year round use it is matchless. It is also
splendid for the Exhibition table."

June 2.— From Mr. H. OCLEE Gardener to the Marchioness of Lothian,

Bllckllng Hall.
" I can safely say it by far exceeds anything I have yet grown both for earliness
and flavour."

June 2.-From Mr. WILLIAM DAWSON, Gardener to the Earl of Orford,

Wolverton Hall.
" Your Cabbage is the earliest large Cabbage that I have ever tried ; the leaves
turn in when quite young, may be used in a young and tender state, or will stand and
grow to a large size."

June 2.— From Mr. S. LYON, Gardener t'> Sir Edward Scott, Bart , Snndrldge

ParK, Kent,
" I am pleased to bear testimony to the value of your Cabbage, having grown it
and seen it grown at Gunton in successive seasons, and Jound it, in all cas^es, a most
valuable addition, far exceeding other varieties in cultivation."

Jane 2.— From Mr. CHARLES HOWE, Gardener to Sir R. F. Sutton. Bart.,

Benham Park
" I give your new Cabbage a fair trial with to.ir other leading var'cties, and found
it superior to any of them. It is not only earlier, but a decided improvement as regards
quality and substance, also in size."

Sold only in Sealed Packets, Is. each, Retail.

PillCfi TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

A List of the Trade from zv/tom (his New Cabbage can dc obtained will be published in a futicre number of this paper.

DANIELS BROS., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS,

THE ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.W.C.
Prifited by William Richards, at the Oflice of Messrs. Bradbury. Agnkw, & Co., Lombard Street, Pr^rinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesfix, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WellinRton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the snid CoLinty.— Saturday, November 22, 1884.

AgcDt for Manchester— John Hhvwood. Agents lor Scolland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

June 3 —From Mr. WILLIAM PRATT, Market Gardener, Northreppa.

" I have great pleasure in speaking highly of your Cabbage. It is a very early
large variety, of good shape, and very tender. It is a good Cabbage for market, as it
comes in as soon as the small sorts and will fetch a higher price."

June S.-From Mr. WILLIAM CHETTLEBURGa, Gardener to Colonel Rous.

Worstead House.
" Your Cabbage is the earliest large Cabbage that I have seen. It is also remark-
ably tender, and an excellent sort for a gentleman's garden or for exhibition."

June 3 -From Mr. WILLIAM ELPHINSTONE, Gardener to M. Mundy, Esq ,

Shipley Hall.
" Your Cabbage has this season very plainly demonstrated its superiority
over all others grown by me, withstanding drought and winter better and hearting
earlier."

June 4.— From Mr. H. BENHAM, Gardener to Lady Ashburton, Melchet Court.

" I consider your Cabbnge the best in cultivation, being large, early, and of good
quality. Grown side by side with ether well-known varieties it has proved itself
considerably in advance of them."

June 6.-From Mr. J. MILL, Gardener to Lord Rendleaham. M P.,
Kendlesbam Hall.
" I cannot speak t^o highly of your Ciibbage, or say too much for its good
all-round quahlies. I shall not grow any other sort here, as it is impossible to have
a better."

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Cfitatjlisfteti i84i.

No. 570.— Vol. XXII. {s^/,Es.} SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1884. {

Registered at the General
Post-office as a Newspaper,

'■}

Price Sd.

POST-FHEE, 5j</.

CONTENTS.

Abbey Park, Leicester . .
Allotment extension
Apple crop in Hereford,

Araucaria imbrlcata

Architecture and land-
scape gardening

Arisxma fiinbriatum

Asters, notes oo the cuUi*
vated

CiochoDa Ledgeriaiia as
a species

Colonial notes

Committees of the Royal
Horticultural Society .

Covent Gardeo salesmen

Daffodils, fertility of
double

Disease of Chrysanlhe-
mums

Downton Castle . .

Dressing fljwer-beds in
winter

Eria bigibba

Kuchans amazonica, a
method of growing . .

Flower garden, the

Flowers in season

Florists' 11 jwers ..

Forestry . ,

Cardeners* Royal Bene-
volent Institution

Glasshouse des-gns

Grape shanking .,

Hot-wa'.er pipes and tar .

687
681

642
689

6j4 Kitchen garden, the .. 687
694 Nurseries of Messrs. Page
' &: Sons, at Tedding-

^94 ton. the 6Sa

€(>:> ' New Zealand, the v<>geta-

tation of 685

632 Nomenclature of colours 693
(So Nyraphasas, variation in.

Orchids for amateurs ,.
68 s Orchid notes

Phloxes, herbaceous
6g-) Plants in flower on Ni>-
tSs vember 10

Potatos, red spotted

6qi Pruning 683

(90 Ragusa, vegetable pro-
ducts in. . .. . . 69t

6S9 Ruellta macrophylla .. 690

Seaside shrubs .. .. 694
6S5 Societies : —
679 Birmingham Chrysan-
themum .. .. fgs

690 Liverpool Horli^ul-

6£o tural 696

Reading Chry>anlhe-

691 mum ..
6b7 Twickenham H^riicul-

685 lural

6S4 Winchester Horticul-
6S3 1 lursl

Soils and composts
6S8 , Torreyas . .
690 Tropeeolum tuberosum ..

692 Tubular boilers

695
695

696
684

f 90
69i

692 I Weather 697

ILLUSTRATIONS.

ArL'Kma fimbriatum .. .. .. .. .. .. 680

Illustrations of Apples 693

Mildew of Chrysanthemums 685

Torreya myristica 681

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should

now be made pavable at
DRURY LANE.

Now Ready. In clotli. 169.,
"THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

•« Volume XXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

I IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, mcluding Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT. 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom Ametican Orders may be sent.

KINGSTON and SURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION wUl be held on
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, November 10 and 11, 188=;.
.Schedules are in course of preparation, and will be forwarded
when ready on application to

T. JACKSON, Hon. Sic,
Fife Road, Kingston-on-Thames.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower

Pub'ic Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and

(uU Dirticulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. Milner has moved his OtTices to the above address
where his professional work is now carried on.

Roses and Fruit Trees.

IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an-
nounce that 1 heir stock of the above is this year specially
fine and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE
with prices on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edmburgh.

HRISTMAS TREES and EVE R-

GREENS. — For every description'of Christmas Decorat-
ing. CATALOGUES ready. Apply to
W. JACKSON AND CO.. Nurseries. Bedale.

PECIMEN RHODODENDRONS, 8 to

lo feet, and as much through, ttie property of a gentle-
msn. Will be sold cheap. Apply to

JOHN LAING AND CO., Forest Hill, London, S.E.

EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are

now being booked for the New Varieties of 18S4 at loi.
per doz. : Cuttmgs, 1883 varieties, sr. per doz. ; best Old
Varieties, rr. dd per doz. Post.free for POO.
R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

SE A K A L E, for Forcing ; VINES-
PEACHES and NECTARINES in pots-fruiting trees'
Dwarf Maiden FRUIT TREES, Dwarf ROSES. LIST m
application.
WILL TAVLER, Osbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

Expiration of Lease.

SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing
a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be cffcrcrd at a
nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed.

See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardtneri
ChronicU, November 11 and December 6.

A R R'S D A F F O D Fl S.

Now is the time 10 plant these.

Illustrated DAFFODIL LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON, ij. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

B

CCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. — The
New Snow.white Ccelogyoe. One of the most lovely of
Orchids. Sizes and prices on application.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., EstablUhment for New and
Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

HERBACEOUS anli ALPINE PLANTS^
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Splrseas— Spiraeas.

JULES DE COCK, NURSERYMAN, Ghent,
BelEiunL
SPIR/EA JAPONICA. first-class clumps.
Many thousands for sale. Prices on application.

Rhododendrons,

IRELAND AND THOMSON have a mag-
nificent collection of all the finest named varieties covered
with flower-buds, also many thousands of Seedlings Hybrids
and Ponticums. Samples and Prices on applicatiotL

Nurseries : Craipleilh, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

nPHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

-*- CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

■p OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

-i-*J Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 21J. ; pur-
chaser'sseleclion from 300 best varieties. List of names on
application. Twenty choice Sundards, or Half-standards, air.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

Autumn Planting.

THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have, as usual, an
extensive Stock of healthy, well grown seedling and trans-
planted FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c., special offers of
which will be made on application.

LJYBRID GLADIOLI.- The cheapest and

r;,!. i^% *"-'.' '" ■''' '^<'-^'- HOOPER'S WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be forwarded on application,

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

QUE LCH AND BARN HAM,

Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C.
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES. TOMATOS
CUCUMBERS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q QUE LCH AND B A R N H A M,

^ givmg personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QUE LCH AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly,
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

WUNWIN is open to RECEIVE CON-
• SIGNMENTS of GRAPES, CUT FLOWERS
&c., in any quantity. Address, '

14, James Street. Covent Garden. W.C— Established 10 years.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, So.
A CATTANEO, Commission Salesman,

-i^« ^^, Hart Street^and New Flower Market, Covent Garden.

X-itV'? n''w,r'?,5?'^^'^^ CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS m any quantities. Terms on application.

Notice to Senders.

WISE AND RIDES have now a good
„^.,-/""V<i fo' GARDENIAS. TUBEROSES. STEPHA-
NOTIS, and large specimen blooms of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS; also good GRAPES. Gros Colmar, Alicantes &c •
CUCUMBERS, and TOMATOS. ucantes, aic. .

WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Ty-ANTED, GARDENIAS, EUCKARIS,

THFMT™I^^' ORCHIDS, TUBEROSES, CHRYSAN-
CTOfcrcUT^FTowFRS.' ""' '°°^ ^'"""'' ^■"' ""'"
WILLIAM DENMAN. S jesman and Horticultural Agent
Covent Garden, W.C.

s

W Quicks.

ANTED, about 40,000 4-yr. old trans-
planted fibrous-rooted strong QUICKS. Send sample
and sute pnce per thousand (delivered at Wandsworth Common
btation. London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway) to

MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT. Surrey County
Asylum, Tootmg.

QTRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for

*^ immediate working 25J. per loro, £10 per 10 oco.

A M.. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK. Dedemsvaart. by
Zwolle, Holland. '

To Osier Growers, Basket Makers, and NurBerymen.
T^ RADFORD and SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,

At: "o* Grow and Cut yearly loo acres and upwards of
UblLR BEDS, and will quote piices to the Trade, according
to quantity required.

Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Fine strong sound

J— ^ plump Bulbs. Prices, and where desired samples, on
application.

THOMAS S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham.
London.

pHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash.

V-' Birch. Alder, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst.

tpOR SALE.— FrenchlwARlGOLD SEED,

A. select strain, grown by subscriber. Very successful prize-
'aker. T. BLISS, Damaway. Forres, N.B.

r)RNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,

V^ —Conifers. Clematis, and other Climbing Plants Our
new CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and will be sent
free on Application.
_ IRELAND AND THOMSON, Edinburgh.

RCut Flowers.
OSES, CARNATIONS, and other Flowers.
Prices and conditions to be had on applicaiion to
C. KELLER AND CO., Florists, Beaulieu, near Nice, France.

TTUCHARIS CANDIDA.— Good Bulbs, by

J— ' the 100 or tooo. The flowers of this free (lowering species
are extensively used for cutting. Price on application.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rate
Plants, S36, Kmg's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

T Strong Thorns for Hedging.

HOMAS METHVEN and SONS can
supply the above, in large quantities.
Leith Walk Nursery. Edinburgh.

T ARCH.— 1,000,000 to offer. Cheap, lifted

-*— ^ last Spnog. All strong, with good roots : 3 to 4 feet i6r •
4 to 5 feet, i8r. : 5 feet, aor. per 1000. Apply
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseries, Easingwold.— Nov. 8, 1884.

pHCEN IX RECLI N A T A. -

-*- „„ New Seed, ij. per oz. (about 8a seeds).

HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.

TAPT-o 20.000 extra Strong, in go's,. 20J. per loj.
,., .S.„„ ^^ ARISTATA, van. to.coo in 6o's, 201. per 100.
WATSON AND EDEN, Merton Abbey Nursery. Loudon. S. W.

"DALMS, splendidly foliaged, for Table Deco-

-■- ration or Conservatory Adornment. 20 inches high worth
at. td each, 20 for {,1. Sample plant, carriage paid, for 11
Postal Order.

W. OWEN, opposite Moorgate Street Railway Station, E.C.'

J Grape Vines ana PansiesT
OHN DOWNIE begs to intimate that he
has now for Sale very strong Planting and Fruiting Canes
at from 5s. to 151. each : also Show and Fancy Pansies from
one of the finest collections in cultivation, at 4^., 6j or. and
I2f. per dozeiL '
144. Princes Street, Edinburgh.

GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond
Surrey. *

■pRUIT TREES for SALE. -Favourite

mTT.rS!'""'' "^'S^^^'k y"=i.°''^ '^''»'> ="'* New Orleans
PLUMS. lo.cooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES. Black and

?S'i,Sli'*'^'^''P' ^^^ f'^EES, 20000 true DAMSON
SPAWN, 3 to 4rect.

A. SEAR, Mr. Skinner. East Farleigh, Kent.

RTo Market Gardeners and Others
OBERT J. DARBY, of the Cirencester

l>irADVr''"=V' has 400 or 500 excellent Bush APPLES and
PEARS for Sale, cheap, that must be cleared. No reasonable
offer refused. Cirencester, Nov. 21, 1884.

RFor Sale.
ASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black

CURRANT TREES, and Victoria RHUBARB SETS
Apply, R BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

TT O R . SALE, splendid WillianiT^Bon

J- Chrttien and DoyenniS du Comice PEAR TREES
from Jersey. Four years old.

. , ., „ Price /7 lor. per 100.

Apply to Messrs. S. SOLOMON and CO., Auctioneers and
Fruit Salesmen, Covent Garden Market, W.C, where samnles
can be seen.

CTo the Trade.
UCUMBER SEEDS.— Tender and True
and Telegraph, of our own saving. Carefully selected
itocks which we can offer with confidence. Price on application
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bait

674

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Bulbs.— Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCriON, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., regularly three times a week AS above,
large consignments of first-class DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS,
lotted to suit both large and small buyers. The Sales com-
mence at half-past 12 o'Clock. finishing generally about 5 o'clock.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next.-(Sale No. 6784 )
BULBS FROM HOLLAND, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 1.%, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY NEXT, December i,
at half.past t2 o'Clock precisely, first.class Double and Single
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
GLADIOLI, LILIES, and other DUTCH BULBS; LILY
of the VALLEY. SPIR/EA JAPONICA, and a consign-
ment of PLANTS from Germany.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 6786.)
ROSES, FRUIT fREES, DUTCH BULBS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, December 3, at
half.pit^t 15 o'clock precisely. STANDARD and DWARF
ROSES of sorts, PYRAMID and DWARF-TRAINED
FRUIT TREES, ; few .specimen and other GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, HARDY HERBACEOUS BORDER PLANTS,
&c., from English and French Nurseries : also several hundred
lots of first-class DUTCH BULBS, LILY of the VALLEY, in
clumps and crowns, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6787.)
30-0 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. from Japan.
5000 extra fine TUBEROSES, from South Africa.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms.
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY
NEXT, December 4.

On view moniing of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6787.)
IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C . by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder & Co., on THURSDAY NEXT, December 4 at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine importation of L^LIA
AUTUMNALIS, received as L. atrorubens. EPIDENDRUM
NEMORALE, CATTLEYA TRIANyK, Papayan var .
MASDEVALLIA HARRYANA, ODONTOGLOSSUM
CRISPUM ALEXANDR/E. the finest type ; and established
MASDEVALLIAS. comprising the following varieties :— M.
RACE.MOSA CROSSI, M. MACRURA, M. CUCULLATA,
M. iPACHYANTHA, M. SCHLIMII. M. BELLA, M.
CHIM/ERA, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday, Thursday, and Saturday Next.
DUTCH BULBS.-GREAT UNRESERVED SALES.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheaoside, London, E.C., on MONDAY,
THURSDAY, and SATURDAY NEXT, December i, 3, and
6, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely each day, extensive consign-
ments of DUTCH BULBS, comprising thousands of the best
named HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS, NARCISSUS,
&c . in lots to suit large and small Buyers.

On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C

Important Sale of about 300 Choice Double
CAMELLIAS and AZALEA INDICA, compact plants,
I to 2 feet, beautilully set with bloom-buds : 400 fine
Standard and other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES,
Hardy CONIFER/E. SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS,
with some ERICAS, PRIMULAS, LILIUM AURA-
TUM, DUTCH BULBS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City
Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on
TUESDAY, December 2, at 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at Rooms, and
of the Auctioneers, 67, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

IMPORTANT SALE of Established PHAL^NOPSIS

AMABILIS and SCHILLERIANA,

The Property of C. M. Satow, Esq., of Clapton.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoure<i with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on
TUESDAY, December 2, about 50 PHAL^NOPSIS AMA-
BILIS and 50 P. SCHILLERIANA. The plants are in
splendid health, and comprise specimen pieces with 4 to 6 leaves,
some measuring 10 to 12 inches long by 4 to 4J^ mches wide.
The varieties are specially fine, having been selected from time
to time when in flower from Messrs. Low & Co.'s immense
stock. Nearly all the plants are showing flower.

Tuesday Next.

To Orchid Fanciers and Cut Flower Growers.

UNRESERVED SALE of a Collection of ESTABLISHED

ORCHIDS grown specially for Cut Flowers.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C. on TUESDAY, December 2. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a Collection of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, comprising altogether about 1500 plants, including
100 Phaljcnopsis, 350 Odontoglossum Alexandra;, 60 Ccclogyne
cristata, large quantities of Dendrobes and Odontoglots, in
variety ; Sophronite^i grandiflora, Laelias, Cattleyas, Cymbi-
dium eburneum. Buriingtonias, Pilumna fragrans, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.— 15,000 LlUum auratum.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their Sale at their Central Auction
Rooms 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, December 3, 15,000 Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM,
just arrived from Japan in splendid condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.
LILIES, ROSES, and PLANTS.— 15,000 LILIUM AURA-
TUM, just received from Japan in unusually fine con-
dition ; a collection of Hardy English-grown LILIES,
including extra large roots of the \>&'^\. varieties in cultiva-
tion ; 300 Standard and other ROSES, from an EnRlish
Nursery; PALMS, FERNS, and other DECORATIVE
PLANTS : and an assortment of Hardy BULBS and
PLANTS, LILY of the VALLEY, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E C. on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, December 3, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Cataloeues had.

New Hampton, Aliddlesex.

Two days* Sale of unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK,
carefully prepared for removal, and ofTering to intendmg
purchasers a good opportunity of securing plants for imme-
diate effect.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. W. Lay to SELLby AUCTION,

on the Premises, The Tangley Park Nursery, ten minutes' walk
from the Hampton Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY and
THURSDAY NEXT, December 3 and 4, at 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely each day, to clear the ground, 1500 LAURELS, 3 to 5
feet, fine plants ; 1000 AUCUBAS. i to 4 feet ; 10:0 RHODO-
DENDRONS, I to s leet ; jz.coo BOX, i to 3 feet ; 700
HOLLIES, 6 to 14 feet ; an assortment of Specimen EVER-
GREENS and CONIFERS, DECIDUOUS SHRUBS,
FRUIT TREES. t3oo LILACS, 4 to 7 feet ; and other
NURSERY STOCK.

» May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of
the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E C.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA CHOCOENSIS, fine forms.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, December 5, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a grand importation of CATTLEYA CHOCOENSIS
of the finest varieties. Some are pure white, others have the
colour far extended into the throat of the lip, and all have been
selected as specially fine varieties. Also a fine lot of ODON-
TOGLOSSUM ROEZLII, ONCIDIUM FUSCATUM. O.
KRAMERIANUM, PESCATOREA WALLISII, ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDR.e, finest varieties and grand
masses, the new ONCIDIUM LOXENSE, O. MACRAN-
THUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM EDWARDI, CATTLEYA
IMPERIALIS, C. SPECIOSISSIMA, ONCIDIUM MAR-
SHALLIANUM, L.ELIA PUMILA, ONCIDIUM CON-
COLOR, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The Fallowfleld Collection of Orcliids.

ALTERATION of DATE of SALE from DECEMBER 2 to
DECEMBER 9.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they will SELL the remaining
portion of ihe above well known COLLECTION of ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY, December 0. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely.

Further particulars will appear next week.

Rare Offer— To Small Capitalists.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a small
FLORIST'S STOCK in the south of England, consisting
of Tomatos (bearing), Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Strawberries,
Rhubarb, Carnations, Roses, Eouvardias. &c. Reason for
selling, owner wishes to go abroad. Price ;£ioo.

For particulars address H. E , Messrs. Barr & Son, Seedsmen,
King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

£15 Will Purchase

THE LEASE, STOCK, and GOODWILL
of a range of GLASSHOUSES and VINERIES, in
bearing condition. Vendor witl contract to take all Stock gi own
on the Premises. Particulars,

S., 55, Wellington Road, Stoke Newington, London, E.

JOHN KENNARDS, HORTICULTURAL
Sundries, Peat, Loam, Saod, and Berkshire Pottery
Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite.
Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1854.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

GOOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's
Prolihc RASPBERRY.— Strong 2 and 3-yr. old Lanca-
shire Lads amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. — Apply to

W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Isleworlh, W.

SEAKALE for Forcing— excellent selected
large roots. Price on application. Sample forwarded if
required. All ordens prepaid.

ALFRED ATWOOD, Market Gardener, 50, Shillington
Street, Battersea, S.W^

Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting
in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool.

H ITE CHILIAN RUNNER,

"INCA."— This new Bean is justly regarded as one
of the best ever cultivated. It matures early, is very prolific,
and grows well in this country. Its pods when cooked are very
green, tender, and specially delicate in flavour ; while the seeds
in a ripe state constitute the finest and most delicious of Haricots.

Price, in Ouarter-pint Packets. se.iled. xs.dd.. post-free.
J. BLACKMORE, Westgate BuildinRs, Abergavenny.

" Prices of Alpine Plants.

CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, of Altlengbach,
Lower Austria, ofTers : - HELLEBORUS NIGER
(Christmas Roses), splendid strong roots, at 26J. per 1000 ;
CYCLAMEN EURoPvEUM, from 121, to 24*. per looo ;
VERATRUM ALBUM, 45^. per 1000; NARCISSUS POE-
TICUS, 135. per 1000 ; LEUCOJUM VERNUM. 131. per
1000; 20 assorted FERNS, in a collection of the most saleable
sorts, highly ornamental, 80J. per 1000.

PAMPAS PLUMES.— We have just received
a very large consignment of the above, the finest ever
imported, and we are in a position to ofTer them at very low
prices. Prices on application.
J. SLAVMAKER.Centre Avenue. Covent Garden Market,W,C

Forclns: Asparagus.

RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above
• by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans-
planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also
beg to call the attention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others to
their e.vceptionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.

The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS^

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above Intermediate Stocks
in five colours. Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and Snow-
white, wall-leaved, in packets, \s., is. dd. and 5^. each CDlour.
Price to the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

To the Trade

SEED POTATO S.

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
• LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can
be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, and the prices are very reasonable.

Seed Growing Estab'ishment, Wisbech.

H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery,

• Southampton, offers the following, very fine : prices

on application : —
Standard named RHODODENRONS, good heads.
Dwarf, do. do., all well budded.
KALMIA LATIFOLIA, i!^ foot.
AZALEA PONTICS, Ghent and amoina. V

KERBERIS DARWINII,nicebushvplanls,aboulifeet. ^
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, 6 to 9 inches.
COTONEASTER SIMuNSll, r to ^ feet.
PERNETTVA MUCKONATA, nice strong plants.
CUPRESSUS MACRUCARPa, 3 feet, transplanted

last spring.

PINUS INSIGNIS, 2 ft , transplanted last spring.

MENZIESIA POLIFOLIA RUBRA and ALBA.

CtJB NUTS, wonderful prolific bearers.

And every other description of well grown Nursery Stock,

extending over sixty acres.

AlILUatlCS.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest Collection ot above in the country, and can supply
Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo showy varieties,
fromsoJ. j^g^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey. S W.

For Intermixing with Other Dwarf Shrubs, for

formmg Beds by themselves, for House Decoration, for
Open Situations in the Ro;kery, &c., the New Hardy
Free-fiuiting Varieties of

PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, with berries
of various colour?, raised by L. T. Davis. Ogle's Grove
Nursery, Hillsborough. Co. Down, are unequalled for Winter
effect. Descriptive LIS 1' will be sent on application.

Carriage free to Belfast, and extra plants for long carriage.

To the Trade.

HOME-GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give
• special quotations of all the principal varieties of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS they have grown and are
offering this season. Their stocks are very pure, quality excel-
lent, and prices very low.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

FECIAL OFFER.

ROSES, Standard, Half-Standard, Gloire de Dijon

(dwarfs). General Jacqueminot (dwarfs).
LARCH, 1 to 5 feet.
SPANISH, jto 6 feet,
ALDER, 2 to 4 feet.
HAZKL. = to 4 feet.
FIR, Scotch, I foot.
MANETTI STOCKS.
WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS.
Prices on application.
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries, Chettsey.

NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,

France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, via Honfleur, about ai. bd. per loo lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCUJLL.
93, Lower Thames Street. London, E.C.

LILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
Bulbs, ds., 95., -i-is., i8j., and 245. per dozen; extra
strong, 30J. and 42r. per dozen. All other Rood LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New «nd Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

GLOIRE DE NANCY" CARNATION,
the best white Clove in cultivation, 60J. per 100.
Hi. per dozen.
MRS. SINKINS. the best white Clove Pink, 30J. per ico,

4r. per dozen.
OLD CRIMSON CLO.VE, 30J. per too. 41. per dozen.
All strong plants, established in pots.
POUNCE'S Nursery, Hcndon, near London. N.W.

Special Offer to the Trade.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.— 50,000
(fifty thousand) e.\tra strong Howering bulbs of the above
offered for sale. Gener.al LIST of Cape Bulbs now ready. .

ROBT. TEMPLEMAN, Colonial Seedsman .and tlotist,
12, Castle Street, Cape Town, Cape of Gocd Hopc^

F"13R~SALe7 AUCUBAS, bushy plants,
2 feet I4>. 3rf. per dozen; OVALIFOLIUM PRIVET.
4 to 5 feet. tzi. per ,00 i LARCH KIRS 3 to s feet. 26<. p.r
.0001 QUICK, ,31. per 1000; Porlufial LAURELS, 2 feet, 35';
per .00 ; Common LAURELS, bu.shy, zzr. per ^; X^i'^l't^
HOLLIES, .54 to 2 feet, iss. per dozen ; .^EWS, bushy 3 to
4 feet, 120J. per too ; also a quantity of good Oreen HULLlta,
various heights. , nr 1 •

JOSEPH SPOONER, Nursery, Goldworlh, Woking.

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

675

Hyaclnthus candlcans.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,
offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Our first importa-

tion has arrived in Bulbs of niaRnificent size and quality,
superior even to most home-grown bulbs. For prices see our
LIST. No. 71, p. T. Also from Jap-in. in extraordinary size
and splendid condition, LILIUM HAN.SONI, CONCOLOR,
CORIDION, EXIMIUM, r..\TEMANNIA, KRAMERI,
CORDIFOLIUM, LONGIFLORUM, fol, alb. ra.arg. Send
also lor our Special Offers of GLADIOLI, IRIS, and NAR-
CISSL A consignment of New Zealand FILMY FERNS just
arrived.

NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester.

Orchids.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand
stockofDENDROBlUMS, in variety, and other E.IS1 Indian
ORCHIDS, also CAITLEVAS and oihervaluablcORCHIDS
from South America, and ihey aic constantly receiving ftcsh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gaiston,
LiverpooL ^__

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.—
ALDER, ASH. BIRCH. ELM. Austrian PINE,
MAPLE. OAK (English), PRIVET ovahfolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK. 3, 4, and 5 feet : YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES, 110 6 feet; BERBERIS AQUI FOLIA, iS 10 s
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS. HOLLIES in variety,
from 1 to 9 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted.
IVIES in variety. LAURELS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
to s 'eet : RETlNOSPOK.\S. in sorts, i 10 6 feet ; English
E\VS, 3 to 4 feet, tine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from 1 inch to 3 feet ; several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA.
Sic. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISA.\C MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton.
Stoke-on-Tient.

Frtrpst TrGfiS

IRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex-
tensive and healthy stock of seedling and transplanted
Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Elm, Austrian Pine,
rem 6 io. to i% ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Btack Spruce,
Laricio. Beech, Thorns, Maple, Oak. Poplar?, Thorn Quick,
Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. Special offers on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edmburgh.

ASPBERRY CANES.—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting
Lowest caih terms on application to

R. BATH. Crayford, KenL

Roses, Dwarf and Standard.

RAHDER AND POST can still supply many
thousands, very strong, of the above, on Seedling Brier.
STANDARD ROSES, in 3C0 sorts of 'iea, Noisettr-, Bf>ur-
boD, and Hybrid Remontants — 8oco pieces, first quality, at ,£60
per I030.

DWARF ROSES-Teas.

\

Alba rosea, 600
Adrienne Chrisiophle, 200
Belle Lyonnaise, 400
Duchesse Mathilde, 400
Madame Berard, 300
Mdlle. Franccsca Truger Ni-

phetos, 400
Madame Falcot, 300

icoD pieces, £,2\ ;

Marcchat Niel, loco
Marie Van Houtte, 4C0
Perle de Lyon, :;5o
Perle des Jardin?, 700
Gloire de Dijon, iioo
Beaui^ de I'Europf, 200
Etoile de Lyon, ico

icD piece?, ^2 ioj.

Hybrid Remontant and Bourbon.

Souvenir de la Malmaison, looo

La France, loixa

Geocral Jacqueminot, 1000

Mrs. Bosaoquet, 500

Captain Christy, 600

Paul Ncron. 500

Marie Baumann, 600

Prince Camille de Rohan
Madame Nominn, 300
Baronne de Rothschild, 2.30
Duchess of Teck, 20J
Cheshunt Hybrid, 150
Magna Charts, ico
Dr. Andry, 400

IC03 pieces, £,\^ \ 100 pieces, £,%. 13J.
Nursery— The Lelie, Hoogeveen, Netherlacds.

HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420

varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade Plants, purchaser's
selection, 2X. (>d. per doien, i6.r. per 100 ; cuttings, u. fid. per
dozen, lor. per 100 ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

"p ASPBERRY CANES.— A large number of

•*~^ the celebrated Carter's Prolific (see.'l/<i?.t Lane Express,

August I, 1884), todisposeof;alsoNapIei Black CURRANTS,

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apply to

A. AND E. BATH, Colgates Farm. Sevenoaks. Kent.

Grape Vines —Grape Vines.

IRELAND AND THOMSON have a large
and thoroughly ripened stock of the above in Planting and
Fruiting Canes. CATALOGUES on application.

Nurseries : Craigleiih, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acie,
Granlon Road, Edinburgh.

To tbe Trade Only.

FERNS — FERNS — FERNS.
Adiaotum cuneatum, A. trapeztforme, A. gracillimum,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata. Pteris serrulata
cristata, Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 63's, aos. per 100.

Adiantum cuneatum, A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 and
454 inch pots, 40?. to 501. per 100, according to size ; Adiantum
Pacotti, in 6o*s, 30J. per loo ; ditto, in 4 and 4J^ inch pots, 50^.
per 100.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qohn
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool

Lains's
Dutch
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. 15/-, 21/-, 35/-, 30/-, and 4?/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, il:c., ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill. S.E.

POTATO.

VICTOR will produce new Potatos all the year round.

8d. per Pound (7 'b- Carriage Paid).

Victor is the perfection of Potatos for frame ctillivation.

New Potatos, fit for use, have been produced from it in

Six Weeks.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO.,

SLEAFORD.

Francis & Arthur
Dickson s Sons.

lOGEastsSateSt.S ftTjuoTri?
ThcUpton Nurseries L/Uri O 1 litlV.

FOREST TREES.

Many Millions.

Stout, Hardy, Famously Rooted.

FRUIT TREES.

50 Acres.

Pronounced by all who see them —

"The best to the Klnedom."

EVERGREENS and ROSES

and all other Trees and Plants.

ALL OF SPLENDID QUALITY.

NURSERIES OVER 200 ACRES.

Wiite for CATALOGUES, Gra'is and Post-free.

I^/.L- SufJuiA.^'^'i^'

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND' SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cuhlvation. and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of ever I200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price If.), containing 75 Illustra-
liims ol Ferns and Sdapinellas, valuable *' Hinis on Ftrn
Calture," and other ustful and interestirg information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal in

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and 21X.

Half-Standards ,, , 15*- >> i8i.

Dwarfs „ ,. ». •• 9J'- .» i".

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, welt-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

WM, CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Oj the finest Bulbs^ Roses^ Fruit Trees^
Herbaceous Plants^ Stove and Greenkousi
PiantSy Trees., and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6x. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forcing, ii. and u. fid. per doien, 71. to
lor. per 100.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, m.U, perdoian.

SPIR/KAS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLtY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUK.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 Loch poU» to bloom thU

season, Q,f. and i2j. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6j. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TRKK

CARNATIONS, laj. and i8j. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian, r.hent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, for forcing, i8r. atd 241. per doien.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quaniiues, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLARIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, rr. td. per dozen, lor. per 100,

from stoies. In small pots, 3.1. per dozen, aof. por 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 2.1. 6*/. per dozen,

1 6 J. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, gt/. and if. per dozen, 51. and 6f.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, i*. td. to 2J. 6^/. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per

CATALOGUE.
,, ordinary varieties, 31. td. to 5^. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACTA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of

colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS. ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, u. perdozen,

7^. per 100 ; or in small plants drawn from seed-bedS(

ij. per 100.
DAISIES, red, white or rose, g^. per dozen, 41. per ica
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 31. 6rf. perdozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 25^.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

4s. and ts. per dozen, 301. to 5&1. per too.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, 3*. ; 50, i2j. dd. ; loa, 30*.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year

old, 3J. 6^. per dozen ; 2-year old, 6i. perdozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 5^. perdozen.
DELPHINIUMS and PEONIES, 85. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6i. perdozen.

,, Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen.
LILIES, in fine variety, 3J. and ts. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROS£S-our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 1 2 fine varieties, 6x, ; 0145^. per loob

TEA and NOISETTES. \is. to i8j. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, ^s. (id. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6j. perdozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c.. see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walU,

&c., good trees, 151., i8j. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40J. and 501. per 100 ; good fruiting treet,

75J. and \oos. per 100 ; Maidens, 30J. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40J., 50^., and 75J. per 100.
CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, is*., 18/.,

and 241. per dozen.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8/., 10*. and

i2,r. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, FiUbasket, 6j. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners. 3J. per

too ; in small pots, 12^ td, per 100 ; in pots for forcing,

251. per 1. o ; 500 ia ten or twenty sorts for laf. td.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, \%i. and 15,1. per 100, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15J. per 10a
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts, Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50J. and 75J. per 100.
SPIR-^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, loj., 15.1. and 20*,

per 100.
AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 to 9 inches*

xSs. per ico; 9 to 12 inches, 201. per 100.
THORN QUICKS, 151. to 30J. per 1000, extra well rooted.
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 41. to zis. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, 50^. to looj. per 100,
CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, 6j., gr. and 12J. per dox.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 61. and 9*

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincharrii

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHSSTSg.

676

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

The Old Established and Celebrated

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL
ROSE SOCIETY THREE TEARS In SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid
plants ever seen.

CATALOG UES, post-free, on application.

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL LILIES

AT LOW PRICES.

L. DALMATICUM the black Martagon, one of the most

striking and at the same time Iree growing ; two sizes,

\s. 6d. and ^f. 6d. each.
L. CARNIOLICUM. the orange-scarlet Martagon, a rare

beauty ; two sizes, ts. and ts. td. each,
L CANADENSE RUBRUM, an "aristocratic" beauty, u.

and ij. 6d each.
L. HARRISir, the finest white Trumpet fl iwer, for pf^ts, in

existence ; three sizes, tj,, is. 6d. and 2J. 6d, each.
L. LONGIFLORUM, splendid white Trumpet, fragrant, and

very hardy, (>d. each.
L. AURAlUM, golden rayed Lily of Japan ; three size=, qd.,

\s. and IS. 6d. each.

All common varieties in stock. See CATALOGUE.

■5 per cent, discount when at least six of one kind are taken.

Alt carriage free. Now is the best time to plant.

HOOP£R ft CO. COVENT OARDEK, LONDON, W.C.

CRANSTON'S NURSERIES

(Established 1785).

SPECIALITIES for AUTUMN, 1884

ROSES.

Over Haifa Million Dwarf, Hybrid Perpetual,
Tea-scented, Noisette, and other varieties, on
Manetti, Seedling Brier and own roots ; Stand-
ards, Half-standards, and Dwarf Standards,
comprising all the leading kinds. Extra strong
Roses, in pots, for Forcing purposes.

FRUIT TREES.

Thousands of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, &c , including
all the most desirable varieties, trained in every
variety of form. A large Collection also in
pots for Orchard-houses.

FOREST TREES.

Millions of extra-transplanted Larch, Scotch,
Spruce, Ash, Chestnut, Oak, Sycamore, Beech,
Poplar, Hazel, Alder, &c. Hawthorn Quick, for
hedging.

CONIFER-ffi.

Cedrus Deodara, Cupressus Lawsoniana, in
variety, Thuia gigantea, Thuia Lobbii, Picea
lasiocarpa, Picea Nordmanniana, and all other
varieties worthy of cultivation.

FLOWERING & ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS

IN GREAT VARIETY.

Descriptive CATALOGUES on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

SPECIAL OFFER

OF

ORNAMENTAL TREE 3 and SHRUBS,

B0SE3 and FRUIT TREES of all kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER CHA8. SLOOOCK,

Goldworth "Old" Nursery,
WOKING, SURREY.

^^0.

YOU SHOULD

REMEMBER

THIS:-

\T7'E Supplied all, or nearly all, the forty-eight
' ' varieties awarded the ;/^ 15 Premier Prize
at the great National Chrysanthemum Show at
the Royal Aquarium, November, 18S4. We'
send the Best Book and Catalogue on this
family ever published, post-free.

Mr. MAUND. The Gardens. Franche Hall, Kidderminster,

Nov. 24. 1884.
" The Chrysanih^mums you sent us gave great satisfaction,
and were verv much admired at our show. It seems a shame
tn try foranyihing better. However, after visiting Birminghim
Show I saw a few that I mu^t add to our collection. Your
exhibit there was something wooderful. It took one of the
P.C.'s all his time to induce the people to move on. Send me
your latest Catalogue." ^

H. CANNELIi & SONS, Florists,

S W A N L E Y, KENT.

PUTBUSH'S MILL-
yj TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN. —Too well known to require
I description. Price 6^. per bushel
(is. extra per bushel for package), or
ftf. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclo'^ed, wuh our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen aid Seed
Merchants. Hiehgate Nurseries. N.

Kent: The Garden of England.

Htllsl/irJ.)

300,000 Trees to select from.

^ FORTY

Orna

ACRES, 1

mental

FRUIT

Fores

Priced Catalogues .PbsLFree.

IPHEAL&SONS

V«%7 Crawley , w Sussex.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from mir Piizs PUnts.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
2/6 per pack' t ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 3/6 ana 5/- per pacliet.
COLLECTIONS, labamed varieties, separate, 7/1
„ 6 named varieties, separate, nj-

Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

5*" THE OLD ESTABLISHED ^

NURSERY. SEED SilMPLEMEMT BUSINESS

VVJi^^'^^UNRIVALLEO FOR'^'^

•^i^UALITY VARIETY & EXTENT

■ir/FOREST ' FRUir-Vlr

V< i ALL OTHER >"»

JK\ TREES S PLANTS/ Jt-

g^^^^osp.^se^j;

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

jAMESDiCkSON&SONS

"NEWTON'NURSERIES ,
— CHESTER

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman^s Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Westem Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

NEW RASP BEERY,

BAUMFORTH»S SEEDLING.

From the great reputation this splendid new Raspberry
has attained for size, quality, and heavy cropping, the
demand for Canes has been enormous the last season,
and I beheve, from information received, I may tliis
year anticipate orders far exceeding last.

Extract from the "Gardener^ Chronicle"

.March r, 1884. ^ aSo.

RASPBERRY-BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING.

"Planters of Raspberries should not omit to obtain this

excellent sort, and when once they have given it a fair trial

ihey wi'l plant it in quantity. It has the character of being

an excellent bearer, in good seasons bringing a fair second crop

of fruit to maturity. The plant is vigorous, carries stout dark

green foliage, and lar^e broad pipped dark crimson fruit. U is

much valued on the strong loamy soils of Bucks."

From Mr. D. Melville, Gardener to Mrs. Hornsby,
Si. I'incents, Sometby.
"H.iving had ample opportuuiiy of judging the merits ol
your c.xcelleiit Raspberry. Baumlorlh's Seedling, I muat con-
gratulate you en behalf of what I cons'der, without doubt, ihe
best Raspberry in cultivation. The fruit is an extraordinary
size, much larger than any varietv of Raspberry I amacquaioted
with. Excellent flavour, in shape of berty round withdaik
crimson colour, a vigorous grower, and a most prolific consti-
tution, supplying a quantity of fine fruit in the autumn Irom ihe
season's young wood. 1 woud strongly recommend inteiid>ni{
planters to give BaumForih's beediinu a fair tna', which under
ordinary treatment is certain to give satisfaction."

Early Orders are respectfully solicited.
PRICES.

Planting Canes .. .. 3^. 6rf. per dozen, 20J. per loa.
Fruitii g Canes ,. .. $s. od. ,, 301. ,,

EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,

THE YORKSHIRE SEED ESTABLISHMENT, HULL.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE A'OII' READY.
One Is devoted esclmively to NARCI SSUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Ilulb Guide consists o( HYACINTHS. TULIP.^,
tRDCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES. &c-, and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

T HOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, TONDO"J.

THE ROYAL
NORFOLK

SEED

ESTABLISHMEKT

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885.

The Earliest and Best in Cultlvatior.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW,
From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge,
" I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea M.trch 2y, and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All
March 15, and did not gather till June ^g. This new Pea his
nrowed what its name implies for earliness, productivenc-iS. and
flavour."

Fiom Mr. T. Notlbv, The Gardens, Stoke Hall
btoke Holy Cross.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one,
I planted at the same time and by the side of D.»y's l-.trly
Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier,
• he pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good siwd
Peas in each."

Height 2 feet, and very prolific.

Price, 31. dd. per quart, -zs. per pint, is 3</. per half-pint.

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' MIDSUIVIIVIER~MARROW PEA.

The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation.
He-ght iJ4 to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality.

Should be sown now.

Price, 3J. 6rf. per quart, ts. per pint, u. 3^. per half-pir.t.

Free per Parcels Post to any address.

Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
NORWICH.

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

677

JUST LANDED, ^.Y MAIL STEAMER,

DIRECT FROM THE JAPANESE BULB FARMS,

Carters'

FIRST CONSIGNMENTS OF

CASES of LILIUM AURATUM,
CASES of ASSORTED LILIES.

Lowest Price to the Trade on application.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBOBN, LONDON, W.C.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.

NUTTING & SONS

at, owing to the expiration of the lease of 60, Barbican,
to more extensive premises,

106, SOUTHWARK STREET, S.E.,

Beg to give notice that, owing to the expiration of the lease of 60, Barbican, they have removed

to more extensive premises.

v/icre all communications should be addressed.

NUTTING AND SONS, WHOLESALE SEED MERCHANTS, LONDON, S.E.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1S04.)

ROSES IN POTS (80,000)

PI 1 1 PQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle. I
D U L DO Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ^'''''^:i:ilZt'"''-

STANDAKDS, 15s. per dozen. 1055. per ico.
Packing and Carnage Free for Ca^h with Order.

PRIIITQ ilA OPrac^ Best varieties of every form
rnUI I O V/T" OXflXjo) andkindoftreeallowprices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) IViV^l

TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8s. per dozen, sos.
per I03), FOREST TREES.

Three Acres of Glass for Slave and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

forCONSER-
I^\J\J\JJ V ATO RY,

FORCING, &c., I5S. to 36J. per dozen.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4J. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES forcing, i6i.toS'p"r'i~.'

\/IMCQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V 1 1 « LO 3S. 6a'. to loi. bd. each.

PI FMATIQ WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
uLLIVI n I lO and DOUBLE, izj. to us. per dozen.

"CTYBRID RHODODENDRONS, fine

-t- J- plants, i>^ to rx% feet, all colours, mixed, 404, per 100.

Hardy AZALEAS, bushy, and mostly with buds, 40*. per 100.

W. JACKSON, Blakedown. Kidderminster.

PALMS (young), strong healthy English-
grown Seaforthia ele^ans and Latania borbonica, 10 to
13 inches liiRh, nicely furnished, aSJ. per ico, 4r. per dozen.
CarriaEe paid for cash with order only.
The GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London, N.

ATIVE FOREST TREES.— Very fine

LARCH, a feet, 141. per 1000; ditto, SCOTCH
FIR, I foot, 1 1 J. per 1000. Orders for 5003, carriage paid.
Offered by
WILLIAM BAXTER, Forest Tree Nurseries, Inverness.

HERBACE0US~1p.E0NIES (should be
planted at once), tj very fine varieties, gj. ; la superior
varieties, \is. ; \i extra fine, \%s. ; all strong blooming plants
and selected from a choice collection of the finest English
and Continental sorts.

J. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.
Established 20 years.

PLANTS and ROOTS for FORCING.—
Azalea indica. Ghent and Mollis ; Lily of the Valley,
Spirasa and Dielytra ; Lilacs, Rhododendrons, and Kaltnias,
Laurestinus, Liliums, and Bulbs in variety. Asparagus ana
Sealcale, e.\tra stong. Vines, Roses. Teas and H.P.'s. Our
stock of the above have all been specially prepared for early
forcing, and are this year extra fine. CATALOGUES free on
application.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, Edinburgh. Nurserie« :
CraiRleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton
Read. Seed Warehouse, 30, Waterloo Place.

OR SALE^ Four Tons of JERUSALEM

ARTICHOKES. Apply to
G. COX, Leigh Park, Havant.

FOR SALE, 20,000 MANETTI STOCKS,
Cheap. Apply
A. FAIRALL, Westerham Hill, Kent

QNE HUNDRED THOUSAND Dwarf

^--^ ROSES, on Manetti, fine, 33J. per 100, ^xo 10/. per
1000; 200,000 ASPARAGUS, Giant and Connover's, 2-yr., 101.,
fine; 3-yr. very fine, 151.; 4-yr., extra, soJ-— all at per 1000.
MANETTI STOCKS, strong, for immediate working, 301. per
1000. Cash with all orders. The best money con buy.
R. LOCKE, Royal Rose Farms, Red Hill, Surrey.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

The Strongest, Healthiest, and Finest Flanti

ever offered.

STANDARDS and HALF- STANDARDS,

best sorts, xZs. per dozen, isor. per 100.

DWARF STANDARDS,

laJ. per dozen.

DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES,

9X. per dozen, 6oj. per 100.
A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free to afplicanti.

F

FRANK CANT,

THE ROSE GROWER. THE MILE END NURSERIES,

COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 First Prizes for Roses, Customers are
respectfully invited to come and select their own Plants.

LILIUM AURATUM,

HOME-GROWN BULBS,

As exhibited by us at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Show, South Kensington, October 14, 15, and 16, when we
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for them, the bulbs
being acknowledged " splendid." See all Gardening Papers in
October for comments. Mr. W. Patbrson, Head Gardener to
H.M. the Queen, says: — "A splendid sample." Home-Grown,
IS. 6d , 3.;., as. 6d.t and 3^- 6d. each ; imported, gd., js., ts, 6d.,
and ax. each, and from 6s per dozen.

For a fine collection of LILIES and other BULBS see
CATALOGUE, free on application.

COLLINS BROS. & GABRIEL,
Bulb Growers and Importers, 39, Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

SHARPE'S EARLY PARAGON PEA.

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First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, 1884.

PARAGON shows in many respects a great Improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 fe^
The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing f^m
twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration.

Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its c^^ss. It is dOSt
valuable lor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months caa be obtained from this one variety*

CHARLES SHARPE &^C0., SLEAFORD,

678

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

^VINTER APPROACHES.

All in charge of HOTHOUSES should now look to their BOILERS and remember that "WEEKS' S
PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILER is the GARDENER'S BEST FRIEND.

The UNIFORM and UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS of this MATCHLESS BOILER stamps it the
Boiler of the Age, and enables J. WEEKS & CO. to give a TEN YEARS' GUARANTEE (subject to
the uaual conditions) with every DUPLEX BOILER fixed by them.

NOTE A DOZEN OF ITS ADVANTAGES!!

I.— GREAT DURABILITY— \he^ average durability is 20 years.

2. — Being of CAST IRON it is infinitely more durable than any
Wrought-iron Boiler.

3.— It is MORE POWERFUL and has performed GREATER
ACHIEVEMENTS than any Boiler extant.

4._The HOLLOW FURNACE BARS last 11 years longer than the
ordinary Solid Bars, and ADD TWENTY PER CENT. OF
POWER.

5. — All Sediment can be removed.

6, — Any ordinary labourer can periodically CLEAN OUT THE
BOILER., without displacing the setting.

7. — Perfect SAFETY is insured.

S.— A breakdown or failure is almost IMPOSSIBLE.

9.— In case of repairs to ONE SECTION of the Boiler, the RE-
MAINING PORTION ca.n be left in operation.

10. — The Boiler being in SECTIONS can be passed through a doorway
I foot 6 inches wide.

II.— NO NIGHT STOKING REQUIRED. This, in addition to
Ihftxx RELIABILITY, saves the Gardenera VAST AMOUNT
OF TROUBLE AND ANXIETY.

12.— Weeks's Upright Tubular is the ONLY BOILER that offers these
advantages, which cannot fail to be of the utmost interest and
benefit to the Horticultural World,

PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

EORTIciJlTUEAL EI&gEERS, Kllffi'S ROAD. CHELSEA, S.W.

CHARLES SHARPE&CO., SLEAFQRD

NEW PEA— SHARPE'S TRIUMPH— Sealed ^-pint Packets, 23. 6d. each, post-free.

Triumph is the best of the many fine varieties we have sent out. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow, of e.'cquisite flavour ; the pods are l.irge, well filled with large Peas. The
habit is dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use.
.Sixty-nine pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph — each pod containing nine to eleven large Pens.

Fourth Edition, by Rev. 0. Fisher, Price i^-.,

. ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.G.

November 29, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

679

TO THE HORTICULTURISTS AND GARDENERS OF
GREAT BRITAIN.

GARDENERS' ROYAL

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

AUGMENTATION OF PENSION FUND,

The object of which is to Increase the Amount of tha Pensions.
ONLY £420 ARE NOW REQUIRED.

This amount (^420) imist be collected before December 31, or the
Instittition will lose the ^500 promised on these conditio?is by an
auony7i!o»s donor.

An earnest appeal is therefore made to all those interested in horti-
cultural pursuits to send their donations at oncet

GARDENERS, do not be afraid to send your shillings {or your
gui7ieas) ; every little will kelp, and the smallest donations will be
thankfully received by

Dr. MASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.

Donations

Per Mr. OWEN THOMAS, Head Gardener, Chats-
worth, and Mr SWAINE Cashier to the Duke
of Devoiiihire : —

(FIRST LIST.)
JNO. CORBETT. Esq., M.P.. Impney, Droitwich.. /s

Ihe Rev. H.COTTINGHAM, Heath i

Mr. HARRISON, Edeosor i

Mr. MUNRO. Edensor i

Mr. SMITH, Darley Dale I

Mr. KI.ME, Ashfotd o

Mr. B. .MLLLOR- Hathersage o

The Rev. R. C. ROY, Youlgreave o

Mr, O. THOMAS, Chatsworth i

Mr. STOOKE, Chatsworth o

Mr. J. COTTERILL, Chatsworth o

Mr. \V. CHESTER, Chatsworth o

Mr. G. SCRIMS H-WV, Chatsworth o

Mr. T. LAST, Chatsworth o

Mr. R. MARPLES, Chatsworth o

Mr. J. BOND, Chatsworth o

Mr. J. SHIMWELL, Chatsworth a

Mr. B. COOiMBE, Chatsworth o

Mr. 0. FRITH, Chatswoith o

Mr. H. CARTER, Chatsworth o

Mr. S. FISHER, Chaisworth o

Mr. H. BALLINGTQN, Chatsworth o

Mr. T. lONES, Chatsworth o

Mr. G. B.aNNARMAN, Chatswoith o

Mr. G. E. RYDOUT, Chatsworth o

Mr. W. KINISTON, Chatsworth o

W. GREAVES, Esq , Bakewell o

Mr, M. FLETCHER, Edensor o

(SECOND LIST.)

G. MARTIN, Esq., Edensor I

Mr. FIELDSEND, Edeosor o

Mr. HOD fCIN, Edensor o

Mr. E. FRITH, Chatsworth i

Mr. E. SWAINE, Chatsworth o

Mr. PEARCE, Chatsworth o

Mr. BENNETT. Chatsworth o

Mr. VVtJODHEAD, Chatsworth o

Mr. E. TURN BULL, Chatsworth o

T. SO.MERSET, Esq., Ashford i

J, F. GREEN, Esq , Ashfoid i

Mr. TWIGG. Ashford o

Mr. R. BRAMWELL, Ashford o

Dr. FENTEM, Bakewell o

Mr. T. FIDLER, Bakewell o

Mr. J. R. THO.MPSON, Bakewell o

Mr. W. M.GOODWIN, Bakewell o

Mr. JNO. INGLEBY, Bakewell o

Mr. JNO. CHESTER. Sheffield i

Mr. J. TASKER, Sheffield I

I W. BRO.MHEAD, Esq.,Hathersage .. .. o

Mr. MI LLSON, Chesterfield o

Mr. PROCTER, Chesterfield o

Mr. LOWE, Chesterfield o

Dr, IE FFREYS, Chesterfield o

Mr. P. WARNER, Chesterfield o

Mr. J. WARNER, Chesterfield o

W. W. JENDWINE, Esq., Chesterfield .. ., i

J. P. WOOD, Esq., Chesterfield i

.Mr. J. HALL, Chesterfield o

Committee of Chesterfield Chrysanthemum Show . . I

Mr. J. DARE, Tamwotth o

W. FENTONE, Esq, Ash/ord o

G. GIBS. Esq., Calver i

E. SMITHERS, Esq., Little LoDgstone .. .. o

J. THORNHILL, Esq., Great Longslone .. .. o

Mrs. SORBY, Great Longstone o

G. W. FURNISS, Esq., Eyam I

Rev. J. H. BULLIVANT, Longstone i

Rev. BROOKE LAMBERT, Vicar of Greenwich

(and One Guinea each year for five years) . , . . i

already received :—

BOTHY MEN, The Mote Park £a

BOTHY MEN, Ingeslre Gardens, Stafford .. .. o

BOTHY MEN. The Gardens, Castle Howard, York o

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) 5

Mr. HATCH i

Mr. W. RICHARDS i

Dr. MASTERS 2

A. G. E 2

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Burv St. Edmunds i

Mr. R, FARRANCE, Chad well Heath .. .. o

/•jr Mr. W. COLEMAN, Eastiior Castle Gardens .. 45

(FOURTH LIST.)

THE EDITOR, Cafrf«««» K-oc/aT 2

Colonel MONEY KYRLE, Dymork, Ledbury .. o

Mrs. F. W. HOLLAND, Old Colwall, Ledbury .. o

Mr. H. BARNWELL, Worthing o

Mr. H. WARD, Oullon Park, Tarporley .. .. o:

Pe,- Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Sherwood Park, Tun-

bridge Wells ,. .. i

Mr. T. WYNNE, Wroxham Hall Gardens .. .. o

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone o

Mr. R. BULLEN, Botanic Gardens, Glasgow .. i

FOREMAN and UNDER GARDENER, Botanic

Gardens, Glasgow ,. .. o

Mr. R. McMillan and GARDENERS at Moteton

House, Bideford . . . . . . . . . . o

J. HEATH, Sedgwick Gardens, Kendal .. o

W. PICK, W. LOWE, and J. ROBERTSON, Young

Gatdeners in the Bothy, Sedgwick Gardens, near

Kendal, 2r. 6.^. each o

T. BROWETT, Esq., Coventry i

C. TWAMLEY, Esq , Ryton-on-Dunmore .. .. o
Miss FREEM.\N, Ryton-on-Dunmore .. .. o

LUKE DRESSER, Esq., Coventry, jter iMis

FREEMAN i

A few FRIENDS, /<■»- F. PRINCE, The Gardens,

Darlrey, Co. Monaghaa .. 5

Mr. J. BURDEN, Gardener, Barlboro' Hall, Ches-
terfield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. o

Mr. W. HUNTER, Foreman, Barlboro' Hall, Ches-

te: field o

CECIL G. S. FOLJAMBE, Esq., M.P., Kirkham

Abbey, York 1

Mr. B. AS HTON, The Gardens, Kirkham Abbey ., o

A Friend, Ealing .. .. o

Mr. J. MOON, The Gardens, Mark Hall, Harlow,

Essex .. ■• .. o

Per O. MERRETT, Gardener, Kimpton Hoo,

Welwyn .. . ., .. .. .. .. o

YOUNG MEN in The Gardens, Dover House, Roe-

hampton,/>cr Mr. FORBES o

T. H. OAKES, Esq 2

Mr. J. WARD, Gardener, Riddings House, Alfreton,

Derbyshire, los , and YOUNG MEN in the

Gardens, 51. .. .. .. .. .. .. o

THE GARDENERS, Ashby St. Ledgers Lodge,

Rugby .. .. o

YOUNG MEN in the Gardens, Rayners, Penn,

Amersham o

YOUNG MEN in the Royal Horticultural Society's

Gardens, Chiswick . . . , . . . ■ . . o

Mr. JNO. GARDNER, Elsham Hall Gardens,

Brigg . . .. . . . • . . . o

A. SMITH and A. TURNER, The Bothy, Hendre

Gardens, Monmouth o

I-J I

7 6

15 o

10 o

7 6

10 6

S o

-^•J

THE

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER :<;, 1884.

DOWNTON CASTLE.

THIRTY-FIVE years ago the Castle was
the residence of the famous Thomas
Andrew Knight, President of the Horticultural
Society, and the author of the Pomona oj Here-
fordsliiie. The prospect of a day or two's
trout fishing in a tributary of the Severn
induced me to make a short excursion to the
village of Leintwardine, a few miles distant
from Craven Arms Station. My purpose, how-
ever, was to take a leisurely stroll through
the " walks," as they are called, on the margin
of the river Teme, which runs through the
estate. The village of Leintwardine is pic-
turesque and pleasant enough to induce one
to take a walk through it at the close of the
day. The little hotel, so pleasantly situated
close to the river, allows from its bay window
a glimpse of the green, where the lads of
the village are amusing themselves and others
with various rustic games. A glazed door allows
a peep at the five-arched stone bridge that spans
the river ; and, as over it lies the highway to
Mid-Wales, there is the usual series of pictural
bits — cattle, sheep, and horses, market-carts,
and the labourer who " homeward plods his
weary way." On either side of the road the
neat limewashed cottages vie with each other in
their pretty groups of window plants. After
breakfast next morning I started to Downton.
There is a quaint but somewhat foolish old
adage that tells us "A little learning is a
dangerous thing." Now, my knowledge of
botany is but "little," but in no way " danger-
ous." It helps, on the contrary, to enhance the
pleasures of a country walk very considerably.
Each step I took on that glorious early summer
morning opened up new wonders and delights in
hedgerow, bank, and woodland walk. The in-
finite variety of form and colour in plant life
would to me be without this " dangerous thing "
a sealed book.

At a quarter of a mile from the inn I climbed
a steep bank and rested a few minutes on the
springy turf. There was a scent of Honey-
suckle and blossoming Bean fields in the air,
and momentarily the —

" Silvery ring of the busy wing "

flits by. All around were patches of golden
Gorse, and lambs threading between them
nibbling the short sweet grass. Through the
valley below, winding its devious way between
the rich green meadows, is the silver Teme ; to
the left, beyond the hills of Brampton Brian,
famous for its great horse fair, in front, the
Hopton Titrell, 1200 feet high ; to the right
the Long Wynd, that breaks up into lumpy hills
as it approaches Church Hutton ; and beyond,
rising in tumultuous grandeur, the stormy hills
of Wales. It is a beautiful day, and now and
then the shelter of the fresh green hedgerows is
grateful. A gentle breeze wafts the flat discs of
the Wych Elm across the road, and as the
sunshine smites them they glitter and flash
like patines of gold. But here again is
the river, so calm and placid in the pools

68o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NOVEMBEK 29, 1S84.

where the grayling lies, so musical as it
chatters over the green mossed boulders.
But when the storm comes down over Radnor
Forest yonder, with sullen roar and sound of
rushing waters, it asserts its dignity as a moun-
tain river, and sometimes, as the tourist may
observe, scoops out for itself a nearer channel
to the Severn. Huge banks of shingle, torn
limbs of trees, and d/bris from the distant
woods mark the course of the torrent, and the
impatient angler looks at its turbid waters with
dismay. But to-day is fine, the water slightly
stained, and the " green wake " is tempting the
greedy trout. But there, don't think of it
further ! Keeper Meredith is watching us, no
doubt, from his sitting-room window, and a huge
mastiff is under sufficient control to prevent the
escape of a trespasser. Beyond the cottage the
valley suddenly narrows, and the river winds
its way beneath steep limestone cliffs. Here is
the Bow Bridge, and the Castle walks begin,
and cliff and woodland and water, with a great
variety of picturesque timber, wild flowers, and
a profusion of Ferns, afford a series of charm-
ing vignettes. In some places the branches of
Beech and Elm, Oak and Ash, completely arch
the river. In others the path comes apparently
to an end in a dark cavernous recess. In
another the path winds down to the very
edge of the water, and the visitor is about to
return when he discovers a moss covered door-
way, concealed till now, which takes him up to
the walks again. One may imagine the calm
delights of the great horticulturist as he planned
these walks and planted the banks with such
varied and beautiful materials. The present
proprietor, Mr. R. Boughton Knight, generously
allows free access to the grounds on Tuesdays
and Fridays. Crossing the bridge the visitor
arrives at the picturesque Hay Mill, and if he
will take the trouble to scramble over the huge
boulders in the river bed he may have the rare
opportunity of looking along the surface of a
sixth of a mile of smooth water ; there is a
3-feet fall here. Even in this short distance he
may convince himself of the spherical surface of
smooth water. Along the arching trunks and
branches of the Sycamore and Ash creep Ivy
and fringes of Polypody. But this mile or two
of Castle walks is a magnificent natural
flowery. There are huge stools of Lastrea
dilatata, Athyrium Fili.x-fcemina, and Polysti-
chum F.-mas ; beautiful carpets of the tender
green Oak Fern and the paler Beech Fern,
the delicate Cystopteris fragilis, Adiantum
nigrum and Trichomanes. But the shrill
tweet ! tweet ! of the water ousel — that dainty
little white-vested cockscomb — and the yet
shriller cry of the kingfisher, that darts along
the bosom of the river like an emerald on fire,
remind us that time, too, is on the wing.
Seldom have natural advantages, perhaps, been
so picturesquely utilised. At last the visitor
arrives at the Castle bridge, and on the hill to the
right is the Castle itself — an imposing structure,
restored by the present proprietor in faultless
taste. The warm sandstone of the walls is
clothed in places with Ivy, Wistaria, climbing
Roses, and other creepers. From the terrace
there is a magnificent panorama of wooded
hills, and on the left, rising in a sea of verdure,
the handsome tower of Ludlow Church and
the venerable ruins of the Castle.

A splendid avenue of Deodar Cedars runs at
right angles to the front, and on the left is a
fine conservatory. To the horticulturist, how-
ever, the most interesting portion of the ground
is the kitchen garden, wherein the great experi-
mentalist spent inany a happy day. It is avvalled-
in oblong space, intersected by a broad gravel
path, along each side of which is a broad border
of old-fashioned flowers. A huge old Mulberry
tree stretches its gigantic arms over a length of
25 yards of the wall, and a Pear tree grafted by
Mr. Knight himself with a dozen kinds of Pears,
among which is the famous " Monarch" iden-

tified with his name. The glasshouses, with
one or two exceptions, have made way for more
modern structures, but the old curvilinear
copper-ribbed Pine-stove, still heated by a flue,
remains. It is used as a vinery, and carried
when I was there a capital crop of Grapes.
The mixed borders are still preserved, the huge
clumps of purple Lupins, mountam Pisony,
Triteleias, and Larkspurs, much as they were no
doubt when he — the studious, kind, and genial
President, whose face beams upon the visitor
as he enters the museum at Kew — lingered
admiringly over its treasures. T. VV., Harrow.

\m

ARIS.EMA FIMBRIATUM, Masl. ■ sp. nm.'
Some few years since we had occasion to figure
some very remarkable Himalayan species of this
genus, in which the end of the spadix was prolonged
into a very long thread-like appendage thrown over
the leaves of the plant, or of its neighbours, and
ultimately reaching the ground, and thus, it is pre-
sumed, affording ants and other insects means of
access to the flowers, and consequent fertilisation.
These species were grown by Mr. Elwes, and exhi-
bited by him before the Scientific Committee. The pre-
sent species (fig. 1 19) is of somewhat similar character,
but is, we believe, new alike to gardens and to science.
We met with it in the course of the autumn in the nur-
sery of Messrs. Sander, at St. Alban's ; but leatn that
it has since passed into the hands of Mr. W. Bull, of
Chelsea. It was imported accidentally with Orchids
probably from the Philippine Islands. It belongs to
Eogler's section, trisecta, having two-stalked leave.',
each deeply divided into three ovate acute glabrous
segments. The petioles are long, pale purplish-rose
coloured, sprinkled with small purplish spots. The
spathes are oblong-acute or acuminate, convolute at
the base, brownish-purple, striped longitudinally with
narrow whitish bands. The spadix is cylindrical,
slender, terminating in a long whip-like extremity,
much longer than the spathe. The flowers have the
arrangement and structure common to the genus, the
females being crowded at the base of the spadix, the
males immediately above them, and these passing
gradually into fleshy incurved processes, which in
their turn pass gradually into long, slender, purplish
threads, covering the whole of the free end of the
spadix. M. T. M,

ErIA BIGIEBA, ». sp.\

This curious novelty has quite the general habit
and the dimensions of Eria (Ania) bicornis and its
allies, A slender rhizome, with very short internodes,
bears approximate leaves, which are long, petioled,
standing on a tumid cylindraceous foot, much shorter
than the petiole. The blades are cuneate, oblong
acute, very neatly plaited in six elevate argute ridges.
The peduncle bears a raceme. Bracts shorter than
stalked ovaries. Sepals and petals lanceolate, light
reddish. Sepals with green median nerves. Lip
whitish, with small purple dashes at the base. Column
yellowish-white, purple at the base inside. Anther
with two purple tumours at the top.

It was imported from Borneo by the Compagnie
Continentale, &c., of Ghent {aitcien ctahlisscmcnt
Linden). M. Lucien Linden kindly forwarded me a
plant and an inflorescence, so that I give a rather
full account of the plant. H. G. RM. f.

Odontoglossum stellimicans, n. hybr. nat.

A very fine thing, that has appeared at Mr. F,
Sander's with Odontoglossum Pescatorei. It may
be a mule between this and Odontoglossum trium-

* Aristrtna Jtiithriaium, Mast., sp. nov. — Foliis trisectis,
segmentis ovatis acuminatis, neivis Uteralibus arcuatib ; spa-
this p^dunculatis oblongis aciuis, basi convohitis superne cucul-
latis bruneo-purpureis !ntus longiludinaliler albido-f isciatis :
spadice cytindrato libero superne in appendiceni longiusculum
filiformem exsenum producto : floribus monoicis, feniiiieis basin
spadicis obtegentibus et intra tubum spathx abscondit s ; flori-
bus masculis perfectis stipitulatis femioeos superpositis ; polli-
nis cellulis globosis asperulis ; floribus masciilis imperfectis sen
neutris basi carposuUs falcatis superne Alitormibus brunneis
appendicem dense obtegentibus. M. T. M.

t Erin bi^ihha, n. sp. — Affinis Erise (Anix) bicnrni : labello
transverse trilido ; laciniis lateralibus antrorsis a lacinia mediana
semiovata obtusa obscure denticulato isthmis angtistis separata ;
carinis tcrnis a basi ante apicem ; lateralibus valde llcxuoso
plicatis ; carina mediana pauhs per flexuosa ; antherx tilniortbus
geminis obtusis. //. G. Rchb. /

phans or Iripudians, or even Lindleyanum. Sepals
and petals lanceolate, stellate, good clear yellow.
The petals have a single brown line at the base ;
the sepals are washed with reddish-mauve outside,
and have a few large dark brown-purple blotches
inside. The lip has a well developed stalk. Blade
pandurate, basilar lobes triangular ; isthmus broad
and rather long, anterior blade nearly reniform, with
numerous small inconspicuous crenations on the
margin, and now rather acute. Six unequal small
angled calli on the front of stalk, and two greater
lamellx before those. Some small spots at the base,
and a broad lobed blotch on the stalk. Column well
angled in the middle, and with semi-ovate blotched
wings, which are acute at the top, I have an eighi-
flowered inflorescence at my side, //. G. Kchh. f.

NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED
ASTERS.— IV.

{(Continued from p. 618 )

SuncENUS I. EUASTER.— Bracts of the involucre
dry at the base, furnished with spreading leafy tips.
Stems copiously leafy and heads abundantly paniclcd.
The largest subgenus, entirely confined to America.

Group III. VULGARES.— Pubescence of the stem
and leaves neither tomentose nor viscid. Lower
leaves tapering gradually into the petiole.

I proceed to describe the species of this group wiih
middle*5ized heads, five of which are at the present
time in our English gardens.

13. A. panicuUtus, Lamarck. A. salicifolius, Schdler.,
not Alton. A. saligniis and simplex, Willd. A. carneus,
Fries. — Stems erect, sometimes 6—8 feet long, shortly
pubescent upwards. Stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrated, not all clasping
at the base, the lower ones 4 — 5 inches long, J— J inch
broad in the middle. Heads middle-sized, about j inch
in diameter, arranged in ample deltoid panicles, wiih
subcorymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, ^ inch
long, well imbricated, the outer bracts with large leafy
lanceolate tips. Ligules about thirty, J inch long.
Achene pubescent ; pappus fine, whitish, J inch long.

New Brunswick and Canada to Saskatchewan,
Montana, and Louisiana, abundant in the Northern
United States. Common ia cultivation, and very
Tariable.

14. A. salici/olius, Ait.. A. carneus, Torrey and Gray
in part. — Differs from the last in its less serrate leaves
of firmer texture, more thyrsoid or racemose panicle
branches, and more imbricated involucre, with bracts of
firmer texture, with shorter and more definite green leafy
tips.

Canada and New England to Saskatchewan, Mon-
tana, and Texas ; most abundant in the valley of the
Mississippi.

15. A. longifolius. Lam. A. ^estivus, Aiton. — Stems
not more than 2 — 3 feet long, finely pubescent upwards.
Stem-leaves lanceolate, generally entire, acuminata,
moderately firm in texture, slightly clasping at the base,
the lower 4 — 5 inches long, about \ inch broad at
the middle. Heads middle-sized, about } inch
diameter, arranged in a lax panicle with subcorymbose
branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, the bracts
about equal in length, the outer with very large lan-
ceolate leafy tips. Ligules about thirty, lilac, \ inch
long. Achene finely pubescent ; pappus dirty white,
llexuose, \ inch long.

Labrador to Montana, Slave Lake, Canada, and
New England. Flowers with us in September, and
is quite over by the beginning of October. Diffirs
from all the forms of the two last by its unimbricated
involucre and early flowering. The plant formerly
called longifolius by Dr. Gray he considers now to be
a narrow-leaved form of NoviBelgii.

16. A. prenanthoidis, Miihlenbeck. — Stems 2—3 fctt
long, finely pubescent upwards. Stem-leaves oblong,
spathulate, acute, sharply serrated, clasping the stem by
their large cordate basal auricles, thin in texture,
glabrous, the lower 4— 5 inches long, i — ij inch broad
at the middle. Heads middle-sized, about J inch
diameter, arranged in lax ample panicles. Involucre
campanulate, \ inch long, well imbricated, the outer
bracts with conspicuous lanceolate green leafy lips.
Ligules about thirty, pale lilac, \ — \ inch long. Achene
very pubescent ; pappus dirty-white, rather purple, \ inch
long.

Moist ground, through Canada, and from New
England westward to Wisconsin. A well marked
species, flowering In September, with patulus anf*
longifolius. •

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

681

17, A, patulus, Lam. A. pallens nnd pr.xcox of
Willdenow. A. Corniui. acuminatus, and abbreviatus,
Nees.— Stems 2— 4 feet long, tinely pubescent upwards.
Stem-leaves oblong-spatulate. acute, sharply serrated,
not distinctly clasping at the base, thin in texture,
glabrous, the lower i inch broad at the middle. Heads
middle-sized, about 5 inch in diameter, arranged in a lax
panicle with corynibose branches, each head distinctly
peduncled. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, mode-
rately imbricated, the outer bracts with large lanceolate
leafy tips. Ligules about twenty, lilac, \ inch long.
Achene finally glabrous ; pappus dirty while, flexuose,
I inch long.

Canada and New Brunswick southward to New
England. Flowers with lont^nfolius and prenan-
thoides in September. It comes nearest lon^ifolius,
from which it differs by its involucre and broader
serrated leaves. J. G. Baker,

{To hf continued.'^

TORREYAS.

The accompanying illustration (fig. ii6) represents
a fruit of what we presume is the Californian T.
myristica, which fruited at Kew during the present
season. Without specimens in all stages of growth
it is, however, rather diflicult to determine the species
precisely. The fruit of the specimen before us is smaller

|)rcl|id Ijotcs and |)lcitiiiuus.

Mk. Seely's Orchids, lS;c., P'urzk Down,
ToOTiNt;. — Although the collection of Orchids here
is not an extensive one the plants are very healthy,
and well cultivated. They are used for decorating
ihe conservatory when in bloom, and when this is
taken into consideration the condition they are in at
present reflects great credit on Mr. Laing, the gar-
dener. Amongst other things we noticed a large
batch of about 300 Dendrobium nobile, mostly in
6-inch pots, which have made fine strong healthy
growths this season. rhahvnopsisSchilleriana is also
very healthy, having leaves from 14 to 15 inches long,
and throwing up strong spikes ; a plant of P. grandi-
flora had a good spike just coming into Hower.
There is a nice lot of Vandas, which are very
healthy, though small ; one, V. suavis, had a nice
spike of bloom. Suspended from the roof in the
Vanda-house are some good baskets of Nepenthes
Rafllesiana. Amongst Dendrobiums we noticed the
following : — D. Parishii, which had very large

Fig. 116— torreya myristica.

than in the Japanese T. nucifera. The leaves show,
when cut across, an epiderm without any thicken-
ing cells or hypoderna, well marked palissade
cells, indicating that exposure to strong light
is desirable in cultivation. Scattered liber cells,
some branched, occur in the cellular tissue of the leaf,
with a single vascular bundle surrounded by a well
marked sheath, and a large central resin-canal. The
bark of the branches is of a rich cinnamon-brown
colour, that of the young shoots light green, the
colour of the evergreen \'ew-like leaves being deep
green ; for the rest, the illustration tells its own tale.
The Chinese T. grandis — of which we add a figure from
a previous volume (fig. 117), showing the Nutmeg-like
character of the seed — Messrs. Veitch say is scarcely dis-
tinguishable from T. nucifera, but seems to have shorter,
more densely crowded leaves ; but the size, and even
the form of the leaves is very variable. A very in-
teresting paper on the Florida species, T, taxifolia,
taken from the American A^^riculUirist, is given in our
columns, September 4, 1S75, p. 291, by Dr. Asa
Gray. jV similar account of T. grandis, from the pen
of Mr. Fortune, will be found in our columns in 1S57,
p. 7S9 ; it is of great interest, but too long for repro-
duction. T. myristica is fully noticed in the Botanical
Magazine^ t. 47S0 ; and Gardeners^ Chronicle, 1S54,
p. 519. Except for their interest botanically, which is
singularly great, they are hardly worth cultivating here
as they are apparently not adapted to our climate.

growths ; D, primulinum giganteum, and D. formo-
sum giganteum, all looking very well. Odontoglos-
sums thrive well here, and are just now throwing up
some fine strong flower-spikes ; O. Alexandr?^, Pes-
catorei, and cirrosum are the varieties principally
grown, the latter being grown in a temperature
5° higher than the former, which seems to suit it well.
Other things than Orchids succeed well here. We
noticed a nice batch of Anthurium Scherzerianum
and A. maximum, also a nice clean lot of small stuff
for table decoration. The Camellias, too, which
have a house devoted to them, are well set with bud,
and look clean and healthy.

The Large New Orchid-houses at Messks.
Veitch's.— When in the spring of this year Messrs.
Veitch were filling their new house (measuring
130 feet in length, 25 feet in width, and 14 feet in
height) with Cattleyas, some were of opinion that the
plants would not do well in such a very large struc-
ture, and that the excellent culture of these plants,
for which the King's Road firm was noted, would
not be maintained in such a roomy building. Time
has proved otherwise, for never has the collection
of Cattleyas and L^elias been in better condition
than at present, and never, it is stated, have the
plants made such short stout growths as they have in

the new house this year. There is no doubt that a
badly constructed large house is a bad one for plants,
but one so perfectly ventilated and heated as that at
Chelsea simply converts the whole of its space into
another and more genial clime, without the quality
of its air being lowered by the necessary heating.
Sixteen rows of 4-inch hot-water pipes run the whole
length of the house, and thus a gentle even tempera-
ture can be maintained even in the coldest weather,
without that driving which is necessary where there
are fewer of them, and consequently sudden rises
and falls in the temperature, and all the evils
entailed on the plants by such are impossible.
Gratifying to all lovers ofhealthy vegetation and showy
flowers, but doubly pleasant to the Orchid grower,
is the view u( the seemingly countless specimens of
Cattleyas and LxHas in Messrs. Veitch's new house
at the present time. Numbers of robust plants of all
the rare and good kinds are there, and all in such a
vigorous condition that their pseudobulbs have grown
until they have in many cases doubled the girth of the
important ones — no bad test of progress — and the brist-
ling flower-sheaths all over the house leave no reason
for doubt that a great and lasting flower show is at
hand ; indeed, even now there is a good show of C.
aurea, C. gigas, C. maxima (six flowers on one spike),
C. Dominiana, C. CKoniensis (best variety), C. inter-
media, C. Eldorado, C. lablata (autumn flowering),
Lajlia pumila (varieties), Barkerias, &c. The L.
anceps and other dwarf L^elias will be grand shortly
as evidenced by their flower-spikes, indeed the pro-
mise in that direction, among the whole collection,
seems to say, that so well has Messrs. Veitch's venture
succeeded that their large house will never be void of
bloom. The new span Odontoglossum-house, raised

Fig. 117 —seed ok torke\a grandis and sections.

on the site of the old lean-to, bids fair to be as great
an acquisition in its way as the Cattleya-house ; it is a
commodious, airystructure, 22 feet wideand muchmore
worthy of the rare and well-flowered plants always to
be found at this nursery than the old one was. The
plants take well to it, and the display of flowers they
give is quite a treat at this season. Odontoglossum
Alexandra forms the main feature of course, and beau-
tiful they look arranged with scarlet Sophronites,
Pleiones, Cymbidium Mastersii, Epidendrum vitelli-
num, Mesospinidium vulcanicum, Pilumna fragrans,
&c. Plants of the rare Odontoglossum brevifolium
are sending up stout spikes, and the large stock of
Oncidium macranthum is well furnished with them.
In the maze of Orchid-houses beyond, in flower, are
fine batches of Odontoglossum Roezlii, Vanda
ccerulea, Aerides lluttoni, Phakenopsis violacea, P.
amabilis, Dendrobium formosum giganteum, and
Cypripedium Spicerianum ; and in the large span-
house devoted to Cypripediums alone, those endless
varieties and improvements which this firm has
effected by hybridisation are now as usual giving a
good and interesting show ; and very pretty is C.
cenanthura superbum, one of the richest and brightest
rose-tinted of the C. Ilarrisianum crosses. These
Cypripediums seem to be always in flower, C. Sedeni
itself generally lasting nine or ten months.

Mr. Percival's Orchids.— A few days ago, at
Mr. Percival's, at Southport, the following plants
among many others were in great perfection : —
Cattleya aurea, many in flower ; C. labiata (true) ; C.
maxima, G. Gaskelliana, C. speciosissima virginalis,
C. bicolor, Lselia Perrinii, dozens of L^etia anceps
(showing) ; L. elegans, grand ; Vanda insignis (true);
fine V. ccerulea ; Odontoglossum Alexandrae, many
Bne varieties. This unique collecion is succeeding

682

THE GARDENERS' CMRON!CLE,

tNoVEMfetR 39, IS84.

well under the skilful care of Mr. Beddoes. A,
Outram*

Orchids in Flower at Eretlarcih Hall,
MiLNETHORPE. — Grand varieiies of the lovely
Caltleya exuniensis, the rare and beautiful Lycaste
Skinneri alba, the fairy-like Cypripedium Spicer-
ianum, in quantities, are amongst the many novelties
just now in flower at Eretlargh Hall, Milnethorpe, in
Mr. Walker's grand colleclion.

DENDROiiiUM ADUNCUM. — A South Chinese
species, described by Wallich forty years ago, and
lilely rediscovered by Mr. Charles Ford. The stems
are slender, elongated, with narrow lanceolate leaves,
and solitary (or racemose) flat pentagonal flowers,
with ovate, lanceolate pale lilac segments, and white
lip, boat-shaped, terminating abruptlyin ashort hooked
tip. A botanical curiosity, figured in the last number
of the Botanical Magazine, t, 67S4,

Orchids at the Woodlands, Streatham, —
The collection of these plants formed by R. H.
Measures, Esq., is evidence of what may be done in
a short time by an ardent lover of this fascinating
and beautiful class of plants. In less than two years
a re?.lly fine lot of first-class things has been got
together, and for the time of year a great number of
good kinds are in bloom ; and, what must be a
great satisfaction to the owner is, that they are all in
perfect order throughout. I counted upwards of
twenty blooms of the handsome Cypripedium Spicer-
ianum, and some of the varieties were excellent.
Cypripedium Haynaldianum and C. Ilartwegi were
blooming freely. I also noted very fine varieties of

C. insigne Chanlini, C. insigne punctatum violaceum,
and the distinct and pretty C. purpuratum, a species
from Hong Kong ; also many other good and attract*
ive kinds. But what would perhaps please an Orchid
grower most of all would be to see the grand health
and vigour of the Phalxnopsis. These are certainly
very fine, and in this house there was a handsome
plant of Galeandra Devoniana with nineteen flowers,
a first-class plant of Vanda Lowii in bloom, and a
host of good things interesting to the orchidist though
not in flower, such as Dendrobium nobile nobilius,

D. Ainsworthii, Cypripedium vexillarium, C. Farrie-
anum, Saccolabium Hendersoni, Ccelogyne Massan-
geana, &c. Cattkyas and L^lias were well repre-
sented in this collection, there being many really grand
things, and in good sized plants. I noticed superb
examples of Cattleya Trianie Backhousiana, C, gigas
Normani, C. Trianre alba, C. Skinneri alba, and
a plant of C. Leopoldi, with five spikes carry-
ing altogether forty flowers. Odontoglossum Roezlii,
and O. vexillarium are doing well side by
side in the Cattleya-house, and are as clean and
healthy as could be desired. In the cool flowering-
house Calanlhe Veitchii was blooming splendidly,
with long spikes of deep, richly-coloured flowers.
Mr. Howe, the gardener, attributes the rich
colour of these Calanlhes to his having placed them
in the cool-house as soon as the first blossoms
opened. This house is very gay at the present time ;
conspicuous amongst a number of good things I
may mention Cymbidium giganleum as very fine ;
Odontoglossum bictoniensc, very handsome ; and
of LxHa anceps there are a quantity of spikes;
Lpelia autumnalis atrorubens is also in flower, as
also Trichocentrum albo-purpureum, a rather showy
species ; Oncidium Forbesii, Vanda coerulea, Cypri-
pedium Schlimii, all in good order, and flowering in
a superb manner. Showing for flower is a plant of
Sophronites grandiflora with eighty pseudobulbs, one
of the finest plants in this country; and a grand
plant of Lycaste Skinneri alba gives promise of some
good blooms, possibly about Christmas. I have
merely mentioned a few of the many of the excellent
things I saw. To be e.xhaustive would occupy con-
siderable space. There is work in hand here that
may be of much interest to Orchid growers, and will
bs more conveniently described later on. J. G.

Orchids at Mr. B." S. Williams' Nurseries,
UrPER IIOLLOWAy. — Some very good things are to
be seen in bloom amongst the Orchids just now,
besides many miscellaneous plants. There are some
fine spikes of the striking Dendrobium superbienp,
Cattleya aurea, a grand showy Orchid ; Calanthes
in variety, and Cypripediums, amongst which
we noticed insigne, Spicerianum, Maulei, Har-
risianum, Roezlii (a large light flowered form),
pjminii, and Crossi^num Li^lia ancep', a fine free-

flowering winter Orchid ; and L. pumila, a splendid
rcse-coloured flower with a deep rich purple lip ;
Lycaste Skinneri. Of Odontoglo3sums several good
.'■pikes were in bloom, including some grand forms of
O Alexandrre, one in particular having a nice spike
of thirteen handsome flowers, both petals and sepals
of which were of wonderful substance and breadth,
giving the flower quite a massive appearance, and
beautifully marked ; others, again, were most vividly
spotted, but the petals being narrow, detracted from
their appearance when compared with the former.
Also some good spikes of O. Insleayi, O. Pescatorei,
ihe handsome O. nebulosum, and others ; a fine spike
uf the white Phalcenopsis amabilis, a fine large spike
of Saccolabium Blumei, Scuticana Steelii, a curious
plant having dark green, terete, pendulous leaves,
4 feet or so in length, with handsome yellow flowers,
j^potted with crimson, produced from the base of the
pseudobulb ; also the fine /ygopetalum McKayii.
The comparatively new Amaryllis, Mrs. W. Lee, a
most striking flower at this time of the year, was
blooming freely ; the colour is a groundwork of
white, deeply shaded and streaked with bright pink
and deep crimson at the base ; it belongs to the ever-
green and perpetual flowering section. Amongst new
Sarracenias Mitchelliana and Tolliana were con-
spicuous. We also noticed a fine large vivid form of
Anthurium Andreanum. The fine Nepenthes Rajah,
accounted so difficult to manage, was in grand form.
A house about 70 feet long, with Nepenthes suspended
from the roof, had a fine appearance.

Masdevallia Schlimii.— Some flowers of this
curious plant have been sent us from the collection
of Mr. Vanner, Chislehurst, Mr. Robbins, the
grower, remarking that for a Masdevallia its duration
is particularly noticeable, the spikes sent having been
in flower five weeks, and being even yet compara-
tively fresh. The plant from which they were taken
is a good specimen, with forty leaves, and having
borne four spikes. It is a beautiful thing, well
deserving to be grown.

ARCHITECTURE AND LAND-
SCAPE GARDENING.

A COURSE of six lectures on " Styles of Architecture,
and their Relation to the Art of Landscape Garden-
ing," has lately been delivered by Mr. G. Richards
Julian, A.R.I.B.A., at the Crystal Palace School of
Gardening, and from which we are piivileged to
publish the following abstract. The lectures were
illustrated by diagrams, photographs, and sketches on
the black board, and without reproductions of these it is
of course difficult in many places to make the lecturer's
meaning clear. In his opening remarks Mr. Julian
said : — *' To design the simplest architectural decora-
tion, it is necessary to be acquainted with the cha-
racteristic forms and proportions, and the delails of
moulding and of ornament proper to the style with
which such decoration is to harmonise ; and the only
satisfactory mode of preparation for such work is a
study of those forms and details. I do not for a
moment mean that they are necessarily to be copied,
but we must start on our road with a knowledge of
them. The works of the great artists of the past are
our inheritance, and an attempt to ignore them must
arise either from presumption or from idleness. . . .
It is well to remember that to gain the power to
design well a balustrade or a summer-house there is no
more a royal road than there is to the planning of a
cathedral or of a palace. I do not of course wish to
imply that you must be familiar with the many
problems that the architect has daily to face . . ■ ;
but I do wish to impress on you, that to do your
work satisfactorily it is necessary to be acquainted
with the characteristic artistic expression and Ihe dis-
tinctive ornamentation of the various styles. I shall,
therefore, describe to you these features of the styles,
adding such remarks on any points connected wi'h
your special work as may seem desirable."

In pursuance of this plan the lecturer proceeded to
trace the rise and development of the successive st)les
of European architecture, from the period of the
earliest appearance of the art in Greece to our own
day, and to describe the characteristic features and
ornaments of each separate style. Our space will
not allow us to follow him in all this, but we pro-
pose to give such extracts from the lectures as deal
directly wiih the architectural decorations of parks
and gardens.

Speaking of &uch decorations generally Mr. Julian

said : — "There is at the present moment a feeling
abroad — among what is, I hope and believe, only a
small clas5 of persons — in favour of bringing Naiure
in all her wildness up to the very doors of the hou=e.
Against such an arrangement I, as an architect, most
strongly protect : artistically it is a great mistake ;
the contrast between the necessarily somewhat hard
lines and regular'arrangement of architectural forms,
and the irregular and flowing outlines of natural
objecli is loo harsh and sudden, it needs something
intermediate to blend the one with the other, and the
formal garden, with its architectural decorations,
exactly supplies the want. Contrast i>, of course,
one of the elements of beauty, but it must be used
with knowledge and discretion ; in any one of the
fine arts a violent contrast almost invariably produces
an effect of crudeness. Accessories such as those of
which I am speaking harmonise the buildings wiih
their surroundings, make them to appear at home, as
it were, instead of looking as if they had been dropped
accidentally in the middle of a field or a wood."

The students were not likely, the lecturer said, to
be called upon frequentlj to carry out work in any
Greek style, as the " revival " which took place at the
end of the last and the beginning of this century was
very short-lived, and no buildings are now executed in
pure Greek, but in this age of rapidly changing
fashions in architecture it is impossible to say what
may happen, "and where such accessories as terrace
walls, seats, fountains, or other ornamental appen-
dages of gardens are needed in connection with any
form of Greek architecture they should be simple,
dignified and refined. Terraces should be bounded by a
plain wall, without any sort of balusters, but with
plinths and coping, the piers should by preference
carry statues, but vases of appropriate form, of which
examples may be seen in the British Museum, may be
sparingly introduced, while the necessary flights of
steps should be broad and stately in effect."

Attention was called to the fact that a form of what
is called "rustication," that is, a marking of the
joints in a plain piece of misonry by broad shallow
sinkings, is found in some ancient Greek work, and an
illustration of such a treatment from the basement
wall of the Parthenon at Athens was exhibited, as
were also several illustrations of Greek mouldings and
carved ornaments from the Parthenon, and other
Greek buildings. A study of the actual remains to be
found in the British Museum, and of the casts and re-
productions in the Architectural Courts of the Cryilal
Palace was recommended as the best means of obtain-
ing further knowledge on this subject, and as a guide
Mr. Julian had prepared a design of his own for a
terrace wall and piers which would harmonise with a
building of Greek character.

{To he continued.)

MESSRS. PAGE & SONS' GROVE
NURSERIES, TEDDINGTON.

A fine display of Cyclamens is to be seen at
the above nurseries just now, consisting of between
11,000 and 12,000 of yuung plants (thirteen
months old) the major portion of them in 4:l-inch
pots, the remainder in large 5's and 6's, all dwarf
stocky plants, with innumerable blooms showing of
nearly every shade from pure white to the deepest
crimson, and even some of a deep purplish tint.
There are many distinct varieties amongst them as
regards new tints, and all have great breadth and sub-
stance of petal, in fact some of the (liganteum type
have petals nearly as fleshy as those of Camellias. It is
certainly a remarkably fine strain, and after a most
careful inspection we failed to find a single shabby
plant, either as regards foliage, bloom, or colour,
amongst the lot, plainly demonstrating the care thnt
must have been taken in the selection of parent
plants. There are live houses devoted to them, four
being 160 feet by 13 feel, the other being a great deal
broader but not so long, ihe view from an end of
the long houses must be seen to be appreciated.
There are 28,000 young plants coming on for next year.
Many other specialities are well done here, such as ( lar-
denias.CamelliaSjBouvardias, Roses, &c., for cut blooms,
and the results obtained from the above plainly show
what can be done l)y strict application, ever when
great obstacles have to be overcome. Orchids arc not
largely cultivated, but what we saw were doing very
well. Messrs. Page are the fortunate possessors of a
very fine type of Odontoglossum Alexandrce, and
although fine specimens of this favourite Orchid are
getting a little less rare Ihan formerly, we think

NoVfNiBER 25, 1S84.

THE GAkDENRkS' CMkONlCLB.

683

ihat this one will com;^arc very favourably with ihe
finest. The spike is not large, being on a very small
plant, but the flowers are nearly 4 inches across, and
are of fine substance and most richly marl<ed and
?polled. Another plant was very good but rather too
" starry."

FOI^ESTI^Y.

Why no ouu Woods not Pav.'— It is very
dirticult in writing of a subject, however plain and
simple, to convey the exact meaning to others. This
i> nothing to be wondered at, since men are so dif-
ferently constituted. .-Vn object looked at by one
mm from one point of view appears very ditterent
from what it does from another. Nor does it in the
main greatly improve matters to enter upon explana-
tions, or even to recast Ihe subject. Assuming that
the subject of planting, though complex and varied,
has been, at least so far, explained and understood that
the major and most common errors may be avoided,
and a more profitable system adopted, the next step
taken is that which comprehends thinning. As has
been formerly explained, unless the arrangement and
distribution of trees upon the ground be right, all
future operations in their culture must be less or more
defective. Thinning being now the subject under con-
sideration, it will be most convenient to divide it into
two distinct divisions, namely, Pine and Fir planta-
tions, and hard woods. If the plantation consists of
one species only, as .Scotch Pine, Larch, or Spruce,
it simplifies the operation very greatly at every stage ;
but when it is varied and mixed it renders the woik
at any stage much more difficult, complicated, and
hazardous.

Thinning Scotch Pine. — Let us lake, for
example, one of the large Scotch Pine plantations in
Strathspey, originally planted with about 2000 trees to
the acre, or say 4J feet apart, the object of which is
(o grow heavy mature timber of first-class quality
in the most profitable way. Such plantations are
recommended to be thinned to about 600 trees per
acre as the crop. The first work of thinning we
recommend to be done when the general crops are
from 4 to 6 feet high and probably six to eight years
old. A good woodman is able at that stage of growth
to thin an acre less or more in two days, at a cost of
5'. to 6s. per acre. The thinnings may be counted
as of no money value, because if cleared out they are
not worth more than the cost of the labour. The
plantation thus once thinned need not of necessity
ever again require to be thinned, but may then grow
till ripe for cutting and clearing. Some of the most
profitable pieces of Scotch Pine woods and planta-
tions in the kingdom are those, whether by accident
or intention, that have been grown on these or similar
principles. Sime of the finest and most valuable
.Scotch Pine plantations, or patches of them, we have
ever seen are those in which the trees stand not more
than S to 10 feet apart. We are well aware this
practice of thinning recommended for Scotch Pine is
objected to by some foresters, but that of itself neither
makes the practice right nor wrong. Our reasons for
so thinning are because the work is done at a period
of the plantation's growth when it can be done cheaper
than at any subsequent and older stage of growth,
and though, as already staled, no revenue can be
derived for the thinnings, it will yet be found in prac-
tice to be cheaper and pay better ultimately than any
other system. Again, looking forward to the pros-
perity of the permanent crop, it will be found that by
thinning at this early age no serious check is ever
inflicted upon the growing trees, and that they con-
tinue growing as fast after being thinned as they did
before, which is far otherwise with older and advanced
plantations which in almost all cases fall off in growth
considerably for several years after thinning. Another
evil in allowing Scotch Pine plantations to be ad-
vanced before thinning is that their side branches
thereby lose their vitality at too early a stage of
growth, and which once lost is never again restored. A
third objection to deferred thinning, is that the trees
are thereby prevented from properly rooting ; and
want of roots is an evil not easily over-estimated ; for
on the proper rooting both the growth, development
and stability of the tree materially depend. In ad-
dition to these obvious and conspicuous evils, there is
yet another which though less prominent is yet equally
real and probably even of greater magnitude than any
of the preceding, namely, ihal of inducing the direct

rays of the sun to fall upon the ground, thereby unduly
heating it, and drying up the moisture, which latter is
essential to the proper growth of all Scutch Pine
plantations. We have not oveilooked the circum-
stance, that by very early thinning the trees are
thereby so far allowed to spread their branches as
to become comparatively bushes and unduly thick in
stem (for a time) compared with their height. Now
there is no actual need of apology for these results, for
it is just as unreasonable to look fur a man in one who
had not first been a boy, as to look for a stately and
well proportioned tree without its first undergoing
all the necessary preliminary stages of growth. The
bushy tree with spreading branches, shows conclu-
sively that it has correspondingly furnished itself well
with proper roots, and at the same time made ample
provision for continuous and rapid growth to be
sustained to mature old age. The branches, too, as
may well be understood from their distance apart,
cannot increase beyond the limits assigned them, and
if the trees are 9 feet apart it is quite evident the
branches of each tree cannot be more than 4^ feet in
length, and the length again so far regulates the
thickness, for there is always a corresponding pro-
portion between the length and thickness of the
branches. If the plantation is to be cut down as
mature at, say, sixty to seventy years old, it will pay
better if nothing further be done by way of thinning
except cutting down dead or damaged tree5. The
less disturbance of any kind that is given to a Scotch
Pine plantation, and the more it is left to Natuie
from first to last, the better, as nothing is more mju-
rious to it than subjecting it to sudden changes, such
as admitting strong currents of air or the direct rays
of the sun to dry and heat the soil. A cool shady
place and equal temperature suit it well.

Thinning Larch.— Thinning of Larch planta-
tions is conducted in some respects the same as
Scotch Pine, but in other respects considerably dif-
ferent. In some situations thinning should be done
very early, as in ravines and sheltered places,
while in exposures it should often be considerably
delayed. In sheltered places, wherein the top
growth is rapid and luxuriant, often over 30 inches
annually — in such situations thinning should in most
cases be done before the side branches touch
each other. When this is not done the trees become
disproportionately tall in comparison with their
thickness. We have uniformly recommended as a
very safe guide to thinning that the tree be maintained
as many inches in girth near the ground as it stands
feet in height— that is, when a tree is 3 feet high it
should be 3 inches in girth near the ground, and when
60 feet high, 60 inches in girth ; and these proportions
should be maintained during the whole period of
thinning. It is found in Larch culture that the ten-
dency is to grow the tree disproportionately tall in
comparison to its girth, and where this appears in any
case thinning should at once be resorted to. Any
strained effort at perfect regularity of the trees upon
the ground should be avoided, for however desirable
this is theoretically, yet in practice it cannot be
attained. A plantation, for example, contains 200Qtrees
per acre, and at that they stand about 4], feet apart ;
after thinning is once commenced the trees cannot
again be equidistant till one tree is taken out from
between each two, and then theie are not, as might
be supposed, 1000 trees left upon the ground as the
crop, but only about 500. Neither is it imperative
that the trees be all of the same size ; to attempt
this would also be vain and fruitless, for it would
imply not only equality of seed and seedlings, but all
the varied and numerous conditions under which trees
are grown. Of all trees in the forest none is more
accommodating or easily influenced for good or ill by
thinning than the Larch. We saw, some years ago,
a Larch treee on the famous Culben Sands in Moray-
shire, whichhad stood overtwenty yearswithout attain-
ing over 4 feet in height or three-riuatters of an inch
diameter. After that date it was relieved of olher trees
confining it, when, like magic, it started into growlh and
grew most rapidly. Another circumstance, however,
connected with this tree requires to be noted, namely,
the surface was drifted pure sea sand to a depth of
2 feet or more, and after the roots went through the
sand, and penetrated the soft moss underneath, the
rapid growth set in. Now, we have carefully staled
both facts in connection with this extraordinary
growth, for it is scarcely reasonable to believe that
the whole results of such growth were due to the one
cause, namely, room and space. Another remarkable
example of extraordinary accelerated growlh in a

Latch tree came under my observation in the policies
of Cullen House a few years .ago. It was found
necessary to cut down a Latch tree fur a particular
imrpose ; and after the tree was laid down in the
sawmill jaid to be sawn we noticed something very
unusual in the rings or annual growths, as shown at
the buttend of the tree. In order, therefore, to
know the cause of such peculiar growth, the tree
was sawn longitudinally through the centre, and
where this was dune, it presented the most un-
usual and unaccountable appearance of anything of
the kind we had ever seen. The united concentric
growths of seventy-three years only measured 3 inches
diameter of the tree, some of them so minute that
they could not be seen by the naked eye. .\fler that
date, beginning with the sevcnty-fourlh yeai's
growth, the annual zones at once increased
from that of less than the thirly-second part of
an inch, to that of fully onccighlh of an
inch, and some years to one-seventh of an
inch ; and this increased growth was maintained till
the one hundred and seventh year of its age, when
the tree was cut duw n. At first we were quite at a loss
to account for these most extraordinary growths, both
in the excessively small ones and those unusually great.
The tree, as it proved, had been originally planted
in the centre of four hard woods, .\sh or Elm, theit
decayed stools being found within 4 feet of the Larch
on all sides. The hardwoods in question had evi-
dently been cut down about thirty-three years ago,
and thereby afl'orded room, light, and freedom, to the
Larch. It grew on pealy soil somewhat soft and
moist ; and in the latter case, as well as the former
one at Culben, it is just possible the moisture might
have some, perhaps very considerable, influence in
connection with the free exposure of the tree to light,
sun, and air, in producing these extraordinary results,
C. y. Michie, Cullen House, Nov. 17.
{.To be cantintced.)

PRUNING.

The opportune remarks on pruning in your late
leaders might with profit exlend to the pruning or
heading-back of newly planted fruit trees and quick-
sets for hedges. With the fall of the leaf most
of us are looking about for blanks among our wall-
trees and the small fruit quarters, and we not only
note the gaps to fill, but take note, alas ! of those
previously planted. In too many instances, through
injudicious and premature pruning, or heading-back,
we shall find many of these have made but poor
weakly shoots, and those of an irregular character.

Trees received from a nursery — unless planted in
the early part of November — should, in the opinion of
the writer, have a year's rest to recuperate latent
energy before heading or cutting them back lor future
growth ; by that time the roots will have recovered
their mutilation sufficiently to supply the require-
ments of the buds intended lo furnish healthy shoots as
a groundwork for the future tree. The same rule
applies to berry-trees ot all kinds, as well as for
standard fruits for orchards, bushes on pyramids for
gardens, and in a greater degree does this apply for
forming newly-planted quickset hedges.

One may observe, in going along the highways, or
across country, miserable-looking newly planted sets,
weak and mildewed, and m this state they remain for
a few years before making a good start. Sometimes
the fault is laid to the sets, the seasons, the soil, or
the planter. To remedy this state of things the
Quick should be planted firmly in the autumn, and
remain twelve months before the cutting or heading-
back takes place. Strong vigorous shoots will then
be found bidding defiance alike to mildew and the
depredations of ground game.

Reverting to fruit trees. At this place, some eleven
months ago, we received from Canada a quantity of
trees, and among them some fifty standard Apples.
They were knocking about some five weeks before
we received them, were then carefully planted, and
secured from the wind in a sheltered position ; not a
shoot was pruned, except those injured in transit, and
in looking through them to-day I find we have but
one, and that not a total failure, in the whole
batch. They have formed sfrong healthy buds. We
shall now prune them, and no doubt vigorou? shoots
will be the result next season. J. J. B. [What our
correspondent says about the cutting back o( newly
planted trees being a practice to avoid applies
much more to Apples, Pears, and deciduous forest
stuff, than to such well-rooted plants as are worked
on the Plum stock generally. Ei>.].

6?4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

Seasonable Notes on Greenhouse Florists'
Flowers. — The Chrysanthemum. — The time has
now arrived to begin the work of propagation for next
season. The old flower-stems should be cut ofif as
soon as the flowers have faded or are removed ; and
if no root-suckers have been produced the plants
ought to be placed near the glass, and encouraged
by careful attention to make them. If the root-
cuttings are ready they should be cut oft" just under
ihe surface of the ground, each cutting to be planted
in the centre of a small 60-sized pot. The pots may
then be plunged in a cold frame, or placed on a shelf
near the glass in a greenhouse ; I prefer the latter, as
severe frosts may set in, and the young cuttings make
no progress. In fact, it is necessary that all of them
intended to produce specimen plants should be rooted
as soon as possible, whether they are pompons or
large flowered varieties. All the specimen pompon
plants should be grown from cuttings. Many of the
large-fiowered kinds make the best specimens from
old plants. If the plants that were grown with tall
stems to produce large blooms are examined it will
be found that on some of them a cluster of growths
have been produced near the base of the stem,
from I inch to 6 inches above the soil. These
plants may be dug out, and the soil sufficiently re-
moved from their roots to admit of their being potted
into 7-inch pots. As soon as they are potted they
should also be placed on a shelf near the glass in a
greenhouse, or any house where the frost is kept out,
so that the plants can be kept gently growing. See
that the plants and^ cuttings are clean. Mildew and
greenfly are the only parasites, and they can be easily
destroyed. I have been to all the principal shows
this year, and note with pleasure the advent of new
varieties of improved form, colour, and distinctness.
In the incurved section Jeanne d'Arc is a grand
acquisition ; it is not quite new, but has come well to
the front this year ; it is identical with Madeline
Tezier. Lord Alcester is a splendid primrose kind,
paler than Golden Empress, and sufficiently distinc',
Mabel Ward and Bendigo are identical. By some
inadvertence the latter was certificated last year as a
sport from Mrs. Heale ; this is an error. The
Japanese section has been greatly improved. We
have a new violet-purple colour in Beaute des Jardins ;
Camoens, rosy-purple, full flower, and broad reflexed
petals; Val d'Andoire, cinnamon colour; La Purite,
a handsome variety with white flowers ; M. Astorg,
white, of the Elaine type, but as shown certainly
superior ; Ville de Toulouse, purplish-violet, reverse of
petals silvery ; Helvetia, deep purplish-rose ; Madame
lienri Jacotot, deep Indian-red, gold tips reflexed.
The Japanese Anemone varieties are quite unique in
their way. The most remarkable variety is Fabian
de Maderanaz. It has very pale purplish-lilac flowers,
with long narrow outer petals, which hang down-
wards ; Madame Cabrol, a distinct and fine variety,
with very pale lilac petals, which are broad and
twisted I Sceur Dorothee, pale rose, almost white
petals, with a high centre ; Cullingfordii is of the
reflexed type, and yields to none in its brilliant
scarlet, with a crimson suffusion. The pompons have
some handsome additions in colour and form. Model
of Perfection, neat lilac flowers ; Star of Whyke,
very fine pure white hybrid pompon ; Arbre de Noel,
orange-brown, fimbriated ; Souvenir de Jersey, rich
deep yellow — very fine and distinct ; Rosinante,
rosy-blush. A few of the varieties with single flowers
are really pretty. Miss Mary Anderson is a charm-
ing kind — while, changing to purplish-blush; Mrs.
Capel, pale rose ; Lady Falmouth, white ; Magenta
King, large ; Rev. A, H. Glennie, deep red. The
above I marked for purchase to add to our own
collection.

Pelargoniums. — The show, fancy, and decora-
tive varieties require much care to prevent the shoots
from being drawn up weakly, they are now growing
freely, and must be kept close to the glass, with as
much air admitted to them as possible. Those anxious
to grow handsome specimen plants, must see to lying-
out the growths carefully, and if they are too
numerous it will be necessary to remove the weak
ones. The repotting of the earliest flowering speci-
mens should be done about the end of October, but
the work of repotting may be continued until the

end of December or even later. Any requiring it
should be seen to at once. Watering should be done
with great care, especially after repotting, if the
plants are in a moderately moist stale at that time
they will not require any for a week or ten days ;
water them sufficiently then, and they will not require
more for a week at least. It will be necessary to
fumigate once in a month or six weeks to keep
greenfly from them. With good management no
signs of spot will be seen, but any decayed or
decaying leaves must be removed at once, for
they have not only an untidy appearance, but
are in some cases injurious. The plants intended to
form handsome specimens for exhibition must not be
close together. Let them have as much space as pos-
sible, /^onals are now finely in flower, and will con-
tinue so until Christmas ; after that we begin to look
for forced shrubs, bulbs, and plants that flower natur-
ally in the spring. It is a good plan to pinch out the
lips of the flowering shoots, as the trusses are
strengthened thereby. Give the plants as much space
to develope themselves as possible, they will not pro-
duce good trusses if they are crowded together. The
temperature of the house where they are growing is
kept about 50" to 55° as a minimum. A continuous
circulation of air is kept up, a small opening in the
top ventilator being open even at night. The small
hot-water pipe near the roof-glass is a great advan-
tage ; it keeps the plants very dry, even in the most
unfavourable weather, y . Douglas.

Carnations : Autumn v. Spring Planting.
— These old-fashioned and sweetly-scented border
flowers hold their own against all new-comers ; and
this is not to be wondered at, seeing that, in addition
to their agreeable perfume, they possess a variety of
pleasing shades of colour, and are easily cultivated.
They are increased by layering the side shoots in
sandy joil as soon in July or August as the plants
have done flowering. The flowers, too, retain their
freshness longer than many other summer flowering
plants in a cut state. In this way, associated with a
spray or two of Maidenhair Fern, or their own
foliage, they are very useful, and suitable when
placed in small glasses for embellishing the boudoir
and drawing-room, and also for buttonholes. For
this purpose we grow a goodly number every year,
principally of the old crimson Clove and bright
scarlet varieties, in a west border, in light rich soil,
about 2 feet deep, and in which the plants grow and
flower well, A fortnight since the shoots which were
layered early in August last were detached from the
parent plants and taken up with compact balls of
earth and laid-in by the heels in a border close by,
whilst that from which they had just been taken was
being got ready for replanting them. This consisted
in the manuring, digging, and levelling of the ground
to the proper slope from the wall ; this done, the
line was stretched the entire length of the border,
and the alley cut off at 3 feet from the wall ;
then the plants were planted with a garden trowel
in rows 12 inches apart and the same distance between
the plants in the rows, which run at right angles with
the wall. The border is 9 feet wide, and the first plant
in every other row is set at 3^ feet and 4 feet from the
wall, so that every alternate row contains six and five
plants respectively, and the plants thus planted are in
rows viewed from whatever standpoint they may be.
In planting, the soil was pressed firmly about the roots,
and afterwards watered to settle it about them. We
may add that previous to planting we scratch a sur-
facing of soot into the border with a rake, as much
with a view to rendering the soil distasteful to insect
life as to fertilising it. Later on we shall put
on a surfacing of fine coal-ashes, about I inch
thick, between the plants and rows, which will prevent
the frost penetrating the soil. Thus treated we find that
we lose very few, if any, of the plants during the winter,
and that the results, by comparison with those obtained
from spring-planting are much more satisfactory.
However, in localities in which the soil and situation
may not be so good as here, it will be advisable to
pot-up some of the plants in 3-inch pots to be wintered
in a cold pit or frame, so as to be provided against
mishaps during the winter. //. IV. Ward, Longford
Castle Gardens, Salisbury.

The Isaac Anperson-Henry Lim;ARV. — A
movement has been got up by the Edinburgh
Botanical Society to prevail on the Government to
acquire the botanical library of the late Isaac Ander-
son-Henry, for the Government library at the
Botanie Garden.

SOILS AND COMPOSTS.

There is nothing so essential to success in gar-
dening as good soil and compost, without which,
although skill and attention will do much, it is
impossible to grow either fruit or plants well. This
being so every eflort should be made to procure
the right kinds of material, sound loam being the
basis, as with this and leaf-mould, peat, &c., most
mixtures are made. The best loam is that from an
old pasture that has been long grazed by cattle, and
has short close herbage, which is a pretty sure sign
that it is not sour, as stock are good judges and do
not take food that is rank. Another good index of
quality is the colour of the soil, and though black or
dark coloured earth may be rich, most gardeners have
a weakness for yellow, and seldom care to have any
other. I must own to having the same preposses-
sion, as I have always found plants do better in
it, and the growth and wood of the plants to
be sounder and harder than in any other,
Besides being of a nice yellow colour, the loam
should be tough and fibry, and if a little inclined to be
heavy, it may be considered perfect for all purposes,
as it will be in the right condition for many plants,
and may be made so for others ; but, as a rule, the
less added to such loam the better and the more suit-
able will it be for most things. Some do not seem to
understand this, and in preparing it for fruit tree
planting or Vine borders, make use of many mixtures,
and by the additions they make spoil the staple they
started with, for instead of forming the bulk, the loam
now only bears a small proportion to the other ingredi-
ents, by which it is overwhelmed. Instead of this it
is far better to use it pure and simple, just as cut,
and the fresher it is for border making and fruit
tree planting the more suitable will it be, as it
rots quite fast enough, and the slower the decom-
position the longer will it last and remain in a
healthy open condition. If anything at all is added,
let be soot, and that only ; and if a bushel or so
be mixed with a full load, it will be quite enough, anc^
will have a most beneficial effect on Vines or plants
of any description. When loam is required for pot-
ting it is necessary to lay it up for a time to kill the
grass roots, but it should not be stored long enough
to allow of the decay of the fibre, as it is that on which
the roots of plants feed. To keep it moderately dry,
fresh, and sweet the sods ought to be stacked by laying
them upside down, one on the other, and when doing
this it is a good plan to spread over them a little rotten
manure, which will enrich the loam and become
thoroughly incorporated with it when it is chopped
up ready for use. Leaf-mould, or anything else it may
be desired to add before potting, is best left till
wanted, as when lying long, without being disturbed,
it is apt to generate fungus, which is most injurious
to the roots and health of all plants. To get good
leaf soil the only way is to save leaves and keep them
frequently turned till they decompose, for when used
for hotbeds or thrown into large heaps, the fermen-
tation they undergo often makes them quite sour.
Peat is the most difficult of all soils to get, and is fast
becoming scarce, especially that suitable for Orchids,
which is now very dear. The only peat worth
having (or the purpose of growing these beautiful
plants is that full of fibre, as the earthy particles
are of little or no use, and to be really valuable the
sods ought to be almost as tough and holding
as a cocoa-nut mat. Much of the so-called peat
is only bog, or black earth, having little or no
vegetable matter in it, instead of containing, as it
ought, about 70 or So per cent. It is only in heaths
or commons where such as this can be found, and
gardeners who can get it in quantity are fortunate, as
with it and loam much may be done, for the two
combined will grow anything in the highest state of
perfection. Common peat does very well for Rhodo-
dendrons, but for Heaths and Azaleas it must be
good, as they have to stand long in it ; and unless it
is lough and full of fibre it soon becomes sour and
does not afford the food the plants want. The best
time to cut and store both peal and loam is in the
autumn, when the two should be carted in a
moderately dry condition and laid up in stacks,
formed after the manner of long potato pits, wide below
and tapering towards the top, as then rain cannot get
in to do any harm. When so exposed at the sides,
the peat or loam has the full benefit of the sweetening
influence of the air, which is continually passing
through and rendering it in a fit state for use. To be
prepared for polling, a stock of both should be kept
under cover, and when a wet day occurs they may
then be pulled to pieces, chopped up, got ready, and
if necessary put into a place to be warmed, that the
roots of the plants they may be brought in contact
with are not chilled. J, S.

November 29. 1SS4.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

b6s

COLONIAL NOTES.

Transmission ok Western Australian (Cut)
Flowers, &c., by Mail Steamer to Victoria.
— Believing it may interest some of your numerous
readers I hasten to send you the result of some recent
experiments in the transmission of flowers, cut only
so lately as twelve days ago in that most prolific of
all bush countries, viz., Western Australia, and sent
in ihe care of the officers of the Peninsular and
Oriental Steam Navigation Company's steamer
Cathay, enclosed with a case of valuable plants and
seeds.

The distance from King George's Sound to Hob-
son's Bay is about 1540 miles in a straight line, and
it, therefore, speaks well for the packing and trans-
mission when I remark that the flowers were received
in so fresh a state that one would suppose they had
been gathered only on the day the packages were
opened, instead of twelve days before that time !
The plants, too, enclosed in a canvas covered box
(exceptionally well packed) were found to be in the
best possible slate of health. I may add that it is
not often found possible to ensure satisfactory results
in instances of this kind, owing to the want of know-
ledge of correspondents who do not feel competent
to give effect to their good intentions. However, the
lady who obtained the flowers (the wife of an official
correspondent of mine) took great care to ensure the
success I have named, and, so far as the flowers are
concerned, packed them in damp moss in circular
tins, such as would hold a pound weight or so of coffee,
closed the lids and pasted the junctions over with
paper, both to prevent the evaporation of moisture as
as well as to protect the contents from the action of
the atmosphere. The following is the list : —

spondent has sent us a bunch of Anemones, as fine
in their tints .-ind as well developed as spring flowers.
These were grown from seed sown in April, and which
began to flower in August. They will continue to
bloom till prevented by (rosls.

Baoksia coccinea
Boronia creDulata

„ elatior

„ heterophylla
Chorozema angustifolia
Conospermum cceruleum
Cosmelia rubra
Dampiera (species)
Hovea elUptica

Hovea ilicifolia
Johpsonia lupulina
Pimelea imbrtcata var. pili-
gera
,, sulphurea
Ricinocarpus tuberculatus
Tetralheca pubescens
Verlicordia Fontanesii
Xanthosia rouindifolia

DISEASE OF CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS.

OiDiUM Chrvsantiiemi, f!a!'. — At the time
when the Rev. M. J. Berkeley described and illus-
trated for the first time, in the Cankttcrs^ Chrotikk
of 1S47, the dreaded, and at that time new, mildew
of \'ines, named by him Oidium Tuckeri, he said
that another "form or species, with still larger
spores, occurs on Chrysanthemum Indiciim," Ann.
A'at. Hisl., 544. It would appear, ahhough Mr.
Berkeley suspected this Chrysanthemum fungus to be
a distinct form or species of Oidium that he never
characterised it as such.

Six years after Mr. Berkeley detected the Oidium
on Chrysanthemums, Dr. Rabenhorst, impressed with
the distinct form of the fungus, described and illus-
trated it in HeJ7t'igia for 1S53, No. 5, p. 19, as a
new species, under the name of Oidium L'hrysanlhemi.

What a grand field for an intelligent plant lover is
Western Australia ! I am continually receiving from
there both plants and seeds, but in very limited quan-
tities, and, unfortunately, only just sufticient to enable
me to grow a few representatives for the embellishment
of the groups set apart in these gardens for the culture
of eminently beautiful native Australian plants, among
which may be named the gorgeous scarlet-flowered
Eucalyptus ficifolia, indigenous to Broke's Inlet,
Western Australia.

Your " home " readers can scarcely imagine the
effect produced in our landscapes, especially whereon
redundant vegetation abounds (such as Acacias, Euca-
lyptus, Melaleucas, &c.), by dotting here and there
specimens of this beautiful tree. From funds allowed
me by the Government I have set apart a portion for
the purchase of such trees as the scarlet Eucalyptus,
and having already proof of their value and effect so
far as concerns these gardens, I hope soon to embel-
lish them still more by massing the plants named
(also others from various portions of Australia) in
suitable positions on the lawns and in the shrubberies,
as well as in the botanically classified groups arranged
by me during the past eleven years in various portions
of the gardens.

To make matters more agreeable to visitors, I may
add that, besides the botanical name, authority, coun-
try (habitat), &c., of each plant, the common name,
English or native, is always affixed where possible,
resulting in the manifestation of increased interest on
the part of botanical and art students, and also by
many thousands of persons who make use of the gardens
either for study or relaxation. William R. Guilfoyh,
Director of Ihe Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Oct. 4.

FLOWERS IN SEASON.

ScHizosTVLis coccinea. — Beautiful flowers of this
miniature scarlet Gladiolus-like flower have been sent
us by Mr. Cannell, Swanley. The fine autumn has
been most favourable to the development of this fine
plant out-of-doors, but it is always worth growing in
quantity in pots as well, as every autumn has not so
much warmth and such fine days as this, and the plant
produces bloom abundantly in a pot. Mr. Cannell
tells us it will grow in a back garden, meaning, we
imagine, a London one, and we know that it will
continue to unfold its buds, in a warm room, for a
week.

Anemone hortensis.— As a proof of the mild
character of the present season in Ireland, a corre-

have noticed the marked difl'erence between the two
plants.

In fig. iiS we have engraved, enlarged 400 diame-
ters from Nature, a group of clubs of (). Chrysan-
themi, kindly forwarded from IJublin by our obliging
friend Mr. F. W. Burbidge. The fungus is altogether
larger than 0. Tuckeri, and the spores, or conidia,
arc consideiably larger and dillerent in shape. O.
C'hrysanthemi is one of the largest plants of the genus.
A glance at the illustration will show the real beauty
of the fungus, and the delicate way in which the joints
of the club and the spore which crowns each club are
balanced. The spore which caps the club is barrel-
shaped and most elegant in form. The clubs, too,
arise in a beautiful and peculiar manner from the
much finer threads of the spawn or mycelium. The
curious and ckgani constriclion at ihe base of each
club occurs at the points where the latter bodies push
through the mat of spawn which covers the Chrysan-
themum leaves. The spawn threads are fixed to the
leaves by minute suckers, which pierce the membrane
of the leaf; this piercing causes decay. The spawn
is also woven over the organs of transpiration or
mouths of the leaves, and this disturbs the proper
growth of the invaded plant. The Oidium grows on
both sides of the leaves, but, as is usual in these cases,
with greater luxuriance on the lower surface.

A single conidiuin in the act of germination is
shown enlarged 1000 diameters on the right of the
illustration. In botanical books it is common to see
figures (all slavishly copied from perhaps one original)
of spores germinating at the apex or side. We have
seen a good many conidia belonging to Oidia germi-
nate in our time, and with us the germinal tube
emerges from one corner, as we have shown it ; or,
if the conidium is oval, at the place where a corner
would be if the conidium were oblong in shape.

In houses no doubt this Oidium would succumb be-
fore the fumes of sulphur if the fungus had not got
too strong a hold. It would doubtlessly interest
many of your readers if Chrysanthemum growers
would say to what extent their plants, and what
varieties, usually suffer from this pest. W. G. Smith.

Fig. 118.— mildew of chrvianthemums : oidium chrv-
santhemi, rab.

Enlarged 4C0, ar.d the germinating spore 1000, diameters.

Dr. Rabenhorst's plate, tab. iii., we consider far from
good or characteristic, still it probably represents the
species that Mr. Berkeley had in view, and it is un-
doubtedly the plant which has been so sadly plaguing
Chrysanthemum growers during the late autumn.

The fungus is of historical interest, having been
seen so long ago by Mr. Berkeley. It is also remark-
able that it has remained neglected by botanists in
Britain for so many years, for it has never been printed
in any of our handbooks. Many species of Oidium
are undoubtedly imperfect conditions of other fungi,
but this is no reason why they should be neglected, for
Oidia often diflfer from each other in a remarkable
manner and are often doubtlessly perfectly distinct.
Besides this, there can be little doubt that some
species, as O. fructigenum, Schrad., are, according
to our present knowledge, perfect in themselves :
Oidium is a good sound genus.

0. Chrysanthcini, Rab., may have been overlooked
owing to the fact that Mr. Berkeley indirectlyassociated
it with O. Tuckeri, Berk., and there is an intolerable
habit amongst modern botanists of taking everything
for granted and shirking personal examination when
possible. We make these remarks because we are
assured that if any competent observer had ever com-
pared the two Oidia side by side he would immediately

THE VEGETATION OF NEW

ZEALAND.

If there is one thing more than another impressed
upon the mind of a man who studies the vegetable
kingdom as he travels through different parts of the
earth it is the distinct aspect, or typical appearance,
presented by the respective flora of the various coun-
tries. Each country taken as a whole seems to have
its own peculiar feature according to its vegeta-
tion, which is at a glance easily distinguished from
that of other lands, providing the climatic and
geological conditions are dissimilar. Countries widely
separated, but with similar conditions, have the same
form of vegetation, although the families and species
of plants may be totally different. If it were pos-
sible to take my readers up into some of these enchant-
ing Fern gullies of New Zealand, and, after allowing
them to take a glance at the vegetation, transport
them to the Himalayas of India, the Drakensbergs of
South Africa, or the Blue Mountains of Australia, and
there show them places which have a similar climate,
&c.. to the New Zealand gully, they would declare
all those places to be in the same country, because
the vegetation bears the same stamp, or in other
words has assumed the form most suitable for the
same circumstances. The Euphorbias and Asclepiads
of the South African Karroo Desert assume the same
habit as the Cacti of similar places in Central
America. And so on throughout the whole world we
find that the flora of a country is in perfect harmony
with the fauna, climate and geology ; in fact it seems
as though they had all produced each other.

The Natural History of the Islands, —
In New Zealand we have very few gorgeous flowers,
the absence of bloom with bright colours being
noticeable through the length and breadth of these
islands ; therefore we have very few gorgeous
plumaged birds or beautiful insects. The total
absence of ruminating quadrupeds arises from the
inability of the natural vegetation of this country to
support animal life. If nutritive grasses had been
indigenous, then there would have been food for
these animals, which in turn would have furnished
support for the carnivorous animals, and so on from
one class of animals to the other until all would
have been represented. But the natural conditions

686

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 20, 1884.

fuiliade the existence of animals until the ailvenl of
ihe Anglo Saxon with his grain and grasses — an
advent which will ultimately change the aspect of this
country as much as any geological epoch has pre-
viously done. There is a feeling of quietude and
simplicity in the deep sombre forests of this
colony, which is decidedly peculiar to a land
devoid of dangerous and ferocious beasts, snakes,
&c. Safety and peace seem to be depicted in
every thing, and are especially exhibited in the
habits of the birds. These with few exceptions
are the most harmless and simple birds in
creation. As a whole, they are without colour,
song, and sense, if the word can be applied to
them, for often when in the forests they will actually
alight on a man's body, and on commencing to use
the axe or making a noise they will come to the place
where previously not a bird could be seen. I have
stood in one spot and thrown stones at a bird until
my arm was tired, and then failed to frighten the
bird, which, however, was wonderfully quick in sight
and movement. In unfrequented parts, by shooting a
kau-kau (a large bird of the parrot tribe), a man could
keep on shooting all day at the others, which keep
collecting round lo see what is Ihe matter wiih
their companions. I have had wood hens {Ocydro-
mus auslralis) walk into my tent and help themselves
to whatever came in their way. I have seen them
walk deliberately into a smouldering fire ; and on
one occasion I stood still watching the movements of
the same bird, which walked around me, over my
feet, and between my legs, as though I were a tree.
These birds are exceedingly difficult to kill with a
stone, for although they come in close proximity to
you, they are so wonderfully quick of sight and move-
ment that it is very hard to hit them ; and, unless a
leg is broken, they will up and away after being
knocked over by a large stone.

All this lameness and want of caution arises from the
complete absence of that struggle for existence which
is so apparent in those countries where the birds have
to be continually on the alert for the attacks of
snakes, other reptiles, animals, &c. The sharp sight
and rapid movement is evidently the result of the
falling branches and trees, which is continually
occurring in these damp forests. The absence of
snakes to keep man with his " heart in his mouth,"
and the lack of dangerous animals to disturb his medi-
tation?, give to this highly-favoured colony advantages
over most lands similarly situated. One can wander,
crawl, and scramble through the Fern depths of these
grand primeval forests without fear, and with the
same simplicity as the native birds.

The Vegetation.— In the vegetable members of
this country we have however, all the representa-
tives of the kingdom. There are plants adapted
for every conceivable position — aquatics, amphibians,
epiphytes, parasites, climbers, herbaceous plants
and those which are fruticose. and aiborescent. New
Zealand certainly lacks animal life, but vegetation
is rampant, and teeming on every hand in countless
forms, I know of nothing in all the countries throueh
which I have travelled which can approach in number
of forms, variety, and interest the mountainous forest
legions of parts of the west coast of the Middle Island
of New Zealand. There are fungi, of every conceiv-
able form and colour and size ; lichens of every fan-
tastic shape, which seem to have monopolised the
colours wanting in the flowers ; mosses of every shade
and hue of green, rivalling the Ferns in size and
beauty : Ferns beyond description, from the minia-
lure Trichomanes of a quaiter of an inch in height to
the 50 feet stem of the Tree Ferns ; Loranlhs form-
ing immense bushes on the branches of trees, and
excelling in their bloom the usually insignificant
flowering Orchids, which are, however, in some
species sweetly scented— the scarcity of these favour-
ite epiphytal plants is made up by the numerous
epiphytal Fern?;, which hang in graceful plumes from
almost every tree, such a; Asplenium flaccidum and
A. falcatum, forming objects of unsurpassed beauty ;
flowering Kuhi, Smilax, and Clematis struggling for
height with the towering monarchs of the forest, and
festooning from tree to tree. Herbaceous plants,
from the meek but brilliant Nertera depressa, cover-
ing the ground and stumps, up to the gorgeous
Kanunculus Ljallii on the mountain tops, where its
waxy white flowers and large peltate leaves create
patches of beauiy beyond deicription. Shrubs in
abundance, including Fuchsi.i^. Leptospermuni';,
Qlearias, Coprosmas, Corynocarpui, and the beautiful

forms of Pittosporum. Trees of every size and
dimension from the graceful Panax crassifolium, with
its whip-like stem, to the towering species of I'odo
carpus with immense trunks of timber, second to
none in the world in quality. All these and many
others, combined with the grand and majestic scenery,
confronting the traveller on every hand, succeed in
forming a lasting impression in favour of this perfect
elysium of vegetation.

Although we have here a 'great mingling of what
appears to be, at first sight, disconnected groups of
plants, and a great diversity of form and type, still
in it all there is the feature peculiar to New Zealand.
Go where we will and look where we like, there is
still the same characteristics and the same aspect,
which can readily be conceived, by imagining an
arborescent growth of flar-leaved Conifers, intermixed
with small flat and coriaceous*leaved evergreen trees
and shrubs with medium-sized crinkled leaves, all
bound together with climbers, and flanked up with a
mingling of Cordylines, Phormium tenax, and clumps
of Poa conspicua. This, with here and there a glimpse
of a Tree Fern, just peeping from beneath the mass of
vegetation where the small Ferns luxuriate, and long
entanglements of hair like white lichens, hanging pen-
dent from the branches of the highest trees, constitutes
a true picture of "bush" scenery in New Zealand.
As in most countries, there are in these islands a few
plants which range over the whole place ; one metts
them everywhere, sees them in every painting or pic-
ture of New Zealand scenery, in fact they are so pre-
valent, that with inhabitants and travellers they be-
come symbolical of the country. The Tussock grass
(Festuca), Flax (Phormium tenax), and the Cabbage
tree (Cordyline australis), are symbolical of New
Zealand. They prevail everywhere, are known by
everybody ; towns are named after them, and land is
classed under this terra — "Tussock land " and "Flax
land " being common phrases,

The Tussock Grass. — The Tussock occupies
all open land, mountains denuded of forest, and
thrives on every description of land, from the rich
clays of the mountain Banks to the mere sprinkling
of soil on dry shingle (gravel) beds. The Canter-
bury Plains of the Middle Island were originally
all covered with this grass, and although great
strides have recently been made in breaking up
the land for cultivation, the stretch of "Tussock,"
over 2,000,000 acres of alluvial plain, seems almost
unbroken. These plains constitute the great Whea'.-
growing district of the colony and are quite mar-
vellous in their fertility, often yielding from 40 to
So bushels of grain to the acre. This production
has however more to do with the suitable climate for
Wheat growing than the soil, for often there is not
more than 2 to 4 inches of soil resting on shingle.
Unfortunately the Tussock grass is unfit for animal
food, and as yet cannot be turned to any profitable
acccount, although naturally so abundant. This
necessitates the destruction of the Tussock and the
sowing of English grasses, which have now spread
all over the country.

The New Zealand Flax. — Phormium tenax,
the Flax Lily of New Zealand, is very characteristic
of these parts, being limited in distribution to this
country, and its adjacent islands. The plant has a
stunted and thick rhizome, very much branched, and
produces its leaves in tufts with an enfolding vernation.
Each fan possesses on an average five leaves in good
condition, the external ones dying and forming vege-
table humus, as the new leaves lengthen out. The leaves
often attain to a length of 10 feet and S to 9 inches in
width. The inflorescence is in the form of a large
panicle, from 5 to 15 feet in length, bearing flowers
of a reddish-brown and yellow colour, resembling in
shape a distorted tiladiolus. An extraordinary quan-
tity of a sweet secretion is contained in these flowers,
which supplies an almost inexhaustible amount of
food to bees. Children are very fond of sucking the
flowers for the "honey," as it is called. As the peri-
anth withers the ovary developes into a dry leathery
capsule over 2i inches long, packed full of flat and
glossy black seeds. This plant comes to its greatest
perfection when growing in rich soil on the banks of
a stream of water ; in some parts it monopolises
thousands of acres in one patch. Land covered with
Flax is very rich land, and when cleared and drained
will produce anything and relain its fertility fur years.
A light clayey black peaty soil resting on a bed of
St i IT but rich clay ii generally the desctiption of land
where Flax predominates. This clay, when brought

to the surface and pulverised by atmospheric influ-
ences, and mixed with the peat and vegetable milter
which has accumulated for generations from the flax,
makes a soil easily worked, very prolific, and wonder-
fully adapted for the growth of vegetables.

Whilst upon this subject of land I will allude to a
rather peculiar occurrence which I have often noticed
on " Flax land," namely, the existence of submerged
forests or vast accumulations of drift wood, forming
a complete stratum beneath the peaty topsoil and
clay subsoil. In the Canterbury Province this is very
common, especially in and around the city of Christ-
church, where, on making a post hole, one frequently
comes upon a bed of timber in a half decomposed
state. In some places Flax land, after having been
cleared of Flax, is found to be impossible to plough,
owing to the presence of this limber near the surface.
That they are in most cases buried forests is evident
from the stumps, with their ramifying roots, just as
they grew. It seems as if vast torrents of water
charged with earthy mailer swept down from the
Southern Alps, smashing everything in its way, and
leaving a deposit of clay (mud) over the wreck of
vegetation sufficient to destroy arboreal life, for where
these extensive forests existed in not a very remote
period there is now no sign of such vegetation, the
whole being one vast plain destitute of trees. This
timber is easily recognised, and is the same as that
which now forms the " bush " of New Zealand. Hut
we must return to our study of the Phormium lenax.
This plant is found in all localities, from the low-
lying swamp upj lo ihe tops of the mountains, out on
the bleak and open plain and in the warm and shady
forest. This diversity of situation gives, as a mallei
of course, a great number of varieties or forms, which
some botanists have elevated into species. This, I
think, is a mistake, and it would be a difficult matter
to prove the existence of more than one distinct
species of Phormium. There are, no doubt, several
well marked varieties ; but my experience is that the
best of them has a tendency lo assume, under culti-
vation, the parent form of tenax.

The great value of this noble and ornamental plant
exists in the exceedingly tenacious fibres of the leaf.
Next to silk it produces the strongest fibre of all
plants, and but for the gummy substance present in
the leaf, which causes the fibre lo be liable to decom-
position when exposed to water, it would be of
universal value. As yet it is dillicult to extract the
bitter gum without injuring the strength of the fibre,
but before long it will, no doubt, be accomplished.
Even with the present imperfect appliances and mode
of preparation New Zealand Flax makes excellent
ropes and other articles in that line ; therefore, when
greater perfection in dealing with the fibre is attained
a great demand for this hitherto neglected plant will
be the result. Then the negligence everywhere dis-
played in this colony in regard to native products will
bear its own fruit in having to replant what has been
ruthlessly destroyed. This plant has been established
in the Azores, and on the Pacific coast of the United
Stales of America, where the cultivation of it for
economical purposes is being pursued. The moun-
tain variety or form of it would, no doubt, be per-
fectly hardy in England. I do not know if this
variety has been tried.

The CAitnAr.E Tree, as the settlers call Cordyline
australis, is perhaps even more emblematic of this
colony than the former plant. It is a favourite with
everybody, and can be seen in all gardens and in all
parts of the country growing wild. There is a some-
thing in this style of plant which creates a pleasant
fee'ing in Ihe observer. The distinct form and halni,
marking it out from the general run of vegetation,
seems to give an oriental ur subtropical appearance to
its surroundings. In elYcc'ual gardening I know of
nothing which can surpa-s in stiiking beauty a large
clump composed of PhorEnium tenax and Poa con-
spicua, or better sliU, ihe Pampas-grass, with fully
developed plants of Cordyline australis giving height
to the centre. In many parts of this land we
meet with old veterans of this plant with over
a dozen branches, each branch terminating in a
head of foliage, the whole plant looking more like a
large Pine tree in the distance than an endogen.
Often these stems are over 40 feet high, with a trunk
which would do credit lo many forest trees. lis
natural soil is a rich clay, almost impervious, and its
general situation is upon hillsides, although often it
occupies clay land in the vicinity r>f rivers, and occa-
sionally out on the open plain. Dracruna indivisa is
not so common as the above species, from which it is
distinctly separated by the bold, broad, and glaucous
foliage, which often exceeds 4 feet in length and
5 inches in width. It does not attain the height of
auslralis, and has not the tendency to branch.

There are two or three other species of this family
indigenous lo New ZealaniJ, but these two are the
most prominent in every sense, and as my object is to
convey a general idea of the vegetation iti ihii
cotintry. will siilTice Ttr my gie^ent purpose, Chris-
lopher AludJ^ Botanist and Plant Colkdor^

Xovemher 29, 1884.]'

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

687

ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS.

{Contittutd /rom /. 5S1).)

The cultivator must remember that the conditions
in a greenhouse or stove are artificial, and there are
some facts which every gardener ought to understand
perfectly, but which are nevertheless often misunder-
stood. The most important point to be remembered
is, that warm air takes up much more mois-
ture than cold air. Every one who has much prac-
tical experience knows how the plants are liable to be
scorched and shrivelled on a frosty night liy what is
called firehcat. The reason of this is, that the warm
air from the pipes dries the plants, and it is dried in
turn by cont,ict with the cold glass, which robs it of
its moisture. The cold glass acts as a condenser.
The moisture is all soon drawn out of the pots in
this way, and the plants are dried as if they had been
in an oven. The remedy is always to sprinkle the
Boors and benches when the diflerence of temperature
inside and outside the house is very great. No
damage ever arises from this, as all the extra moisture
soon runs out through the laps of the glass.

Orchids are, with some exceptions, plants which
require a moist atmosphere ; and in cold weather, if
the air is kept pleasantly moist, very little water to
the roots is needed, just enough to keep the sphagnum
green : many, when resting, should not be watered at
all, but very lew flourish in a dry atmosphere. Some
people use a wet and dry bulb thermometer to guide
them, but I confess, as an amateur, I do not know
its advantage. I adopt a much simpler method, and
one which never fails with me. I keep a few pots of
Maidenhair Ferns in the houses, the kinds must be
suitable for the temperature. In winter especially, if
I lind any of the leaves scorched, I know the house
has been too dry, and I find that if the Adiantums
grow and do well, the Orchids do well also. Orchids
do not show the effects of mismanagement at once,
but no plants are perhaps so sensitive as the Maiden-
hair Ferns so I use them as vegetable policemen to
tell me at once if anything is wrong in the atmosf here
of the house.

My experience is somewhat at variance with what I
have read in books, as I always find more damage is
done by excess of moisture in the air of the house in
summer than in winter. Unless the ventilators are
open the air is then very liable to get over moist, and
much damage is always done by this condition. It is
obvious that the steam is condensed very slowly by
the glass in close hot weather, so that unless the top
ventilators are left open I do not like too much water
on the floor or in the evaporating pans at night. The
air should be much drier when the temperature of
the house is lower, no doubt, and of course much less
water is needed in winter than in summer, but the
changes of extreme dryness of the air are far greater in
winter. It can rarely be dry in summer as so much
water is being used. I never saw plants damaged by
dry air in the summer when the ventilators have been
closed, and with ordinary care there is no danger of
the air becoming too moist on a winter's night,
although there is great danger of its becoming too
dry in winter and too moist in summer. This may
appear a paradox, but it is simple enough when we
bear in mind the very great condensing power of the
glass in winter and its slight action in summer, and
that much water must be used in summer and very
little is required in winter. All this holds good with
ordinary plants in a warm greenhouse, but it is mani-
fest that in a stove the danger from the want of moisture
in winter and its excess in summer is very great indeed.

A drip from the roof is a fatal enemy to all plants,
as the water is often ice-cold in winter, and it is
always cold. Orchids are more damaged perhaps
than most plants by drip, and the moist atmosphere
of the house is very liable to produce drips unless the
roof is steep ; a high-pitched roof is, therefore, almost
a necessity. My roof slopes at an angle of 36° with
the horizon, but if I had to build it again I would
make it 6° steeper.

Moisture on the glass is no use to the plants, as
scarcely any, if any, evaporates into the air of the
house. When I first started I always used to think
that if the glass were moist the air would be suffi-
ciently damp, but I soon found my mistake ; the
moisture is always being deposited on the glass, and
it does nothing to keep the air moist. I should not
perhaps have made this discovery by growing Orchids,
but with plants with delicate leaves the effect of dry
air with moist glass is seen at once.

Insect Enemies. — One of the greatest eneniies
a gardener has to contend with is thrips.
Every one has seen good collections of plants
mined by it. I have often been consulted about

it. I never get thrips in any numbers, and have
never used any insecticide, not even tobacco. If
I see signs of thrips I at once put it down to mis-
management. The air is too dry if plants in a suit-
able temperature are affected, but if only one or two
plants get thrips I generally find it is due to their
being kept too warm. My rule then is to remove
the plant to a cooler place, to wash its leaves with
warm water and soap, and all goes well. I am not
in the least afraid of thrips.

Red-spider, like thrips, means too dry an atmo-
sphere, but I never get red-spider now, and do not
believe I ever shall if I keep the air in a pro|)er con-
dition. Another great enemy is the greenfly — aphis.
Like thrips it is only a sign that the plants are mis-
managed— usually that they arc kept tot) warm.

There is another insect-pest closely allied to green-
fly— scale. Keep them under by destroying them. I
always wash them off. They rapidly increase, and
then they render unhealthy and disfigure plants to a
great degree, I do not know that they are a sign
of anything but carelessness. B. 'J'. /.
(7j Ig concinueti.)

The Spring Plants have this season had a
very favourable time for establishing themselves
thoroughly before being checked by frosts ; they
have already made vigorous growth, and the
beds are not only well covered, but many of the
plants, such as Aubrietia, Daisies, Talyanthus, and
Violas, are already quite gay with bloom. Owing to
the dry state of the soil the bulbs have this autumn
been planted under exceptionally favourable circum-
stances, there should, therefore, be but few vacancies-
through the bulbsdecaying by having absorbed too much
water before the commencement of growth. Should
the weather set in frosty, provision should be made
for the protection of the tenderer subjects by mulch-
ing the beds over with some light material which will
not only prevent the surface roots from being destroyed
and the plants lifted out of the ground, but
will also be unobjectionable to the eye. There
is nothing which answers for this purpose better, and
which is less objectionable, than well decayed leaf-
mould. It should be sifted so as to remove any sticks
or stones, and then be placed between ths plants and
worked in lightly with the fingers, this mulching not
only affords security, both to bulbs and plants, from
frosts, but when they recommence to grow in the
spring they root into it very freely, when it affords
additional support at a time when most needed.
Should the garden be situated in an exposed position
further protection is sometimes required by the
plants in the seveiest weather, but this need only be
of a temporary nature, to be immediately removed as
soon as the danger is past ; for this purpose
there is nothing more suitable and convenient
than common Laurel branches : these should be about
2 feet long, pointed at one end, and stuck in the beds
at intervals of about i foot or iS inches, taking caie
to place them in firmly and in a sloping direction
from the wind that is most injurious. By these means
I have often saved tender plants from injury while
others unprotected have been totally destroyed. At
this littery season every means should be used to
keep the garden as clean and neat as possible, for
however well a garden may be planted, and however
satisfactory it may be in other respects, unless
thorough cleanliness be maintained at this season, it
will be disappointing and cheerless.

Summer Bedding Plants will now require atten-
tion. Those plants which have hitherto been pro-
tected in cold frames will be safer if removed
either to heated pits, vineries at rest, or other struc-
tures where frost can be excluded, and. what is equally
important, where damp can be expelled. A little
artificial heat used occasionally with free ventilation will
prevent damping ofl' and at the same time preserve the
plants in a sturdy healthy condition. The old plants
will require but little water after they have become
established in their pots, but the young plants in store
pots should not be allowed to get dust-dry, otherwise
they will suffer considerably. Verbenas at this season
require careful attention ; when kept in cold frames
they are often subject to mildew and are also apt to
damp off for want of free ventilation, and when
preserved in drier structures they frequently suffer
from the attacks of thrips and aphides. To remedy
the two former evils, a drier atmosphere should if
possible be maintained with the free use of sulphur ;
and to destroy the latter occasional fumigations must
be resorted to. The whole stock should be frequently
picked over, so as to remove any decaying matter

which would prove injurious to them. Calceolaria
cultingc, whether in pots or planted in ct)ld frames,
will, if nowstruck, sim]ily require protection from frosf,
with abundance of air at all limes when it can be
given : they should not, however, be allowed to get
too dry at the root, otherwise they will shrivel.

IJuLits ANr> Tliueks. — tllatliolus are unusually
late in ripening this year, many of them still l)eing
quite green and succulent ; these should still be
allowed to remain undisturbed ; they slinuld, how-
ever, have a protection of leaf-mouUI or ashes placed
round their stems and ^iver the surface of the beil-, so
as to protect them from cold. In many instances,
when left in the ground through the winter, they are
destroyed by rain running down the holes around tlitt
stems made by being blown about by the wind ; and
should frost immediately ensue the bulb becomes
encased in ice, and decay quickly follows. This evil
cannot occur if the precautions advised be adopted in
time. Where the foliage is already decayed they
should be taken up at once.

Dahlias, Sal\ ia latens, and all similar tubers
should be packed closely together in shallow boxes
witht)ut any covering, and stored in a dry shed or
cellar, where frost cannot enter ; this treatment will
also suit the largest tubers of Begonia, but when
small or rare varieties, they should be wrapped in
dry moss and placed in paper bags or clean pots.

The Lawn, — As the deciduous trees are nearly
denuded of their leaves a thorough clearance should
now be made. They should first be raked up and
carted away, and afterwards, when sufficiently dry,
the lawn should be well swept and rolled ; if also a
slight dressing of finely sifted fresh slaked lime be
given, the condition and appearance of the grass will
be greatly improved, not only by the destruction of
moss, but also by the prevention of worm-casts,
which are so objectionable on the surface during the
autumn and winter seasons. If done just before rain
falls, no disfigurement to the lawn will be perceptible,
T. S. C.

The glass having registered 12° of frost with me
points to the necessity of being provided with a
good supply of Fern or other material to protect
ridges of Celery, Endive, and young Lettuce plants
which are growing in warm situations out-of-doors,
also those under handglasses and in pots and frames,
whenever the appearance of the sky indicates the
approach of frost. Complete the earthing-up of late
plantings of Celery and Cardoons, so that as much of
the stems as possible, consistent with keeping the soil
out of the hearts of the plants, may be covered with
the soil. Get all vacant pieces of ground manured,
dug or trenched, in readiness for early plantings of
Peas and Cauliflowers, Weed and roll walks, and
remove forthwith to the rubbish-heap any useless
Cabbage, Cauliflower, and Broccoli stumps.

Frame Ground. — Abundance of air should be
given to the subjects in this department in the absence
of frost and snow — I mean the young Lettuce and
Cauliflower plants for spring planting— to ensure a
sturdy growth. Look over the established plants of
Endive and Lettuce, and remove any decaying matter
that may be adhering to them, destroying any slugs
that may be found.

Forcing Department, — Another frame of
Asparagus should be got in at once. Give sufiicient
air to beds in bearing so that the " grass " does not
become drawn ; and cut the same as soon as it reaches
6 or 7 inches in height, and stand the butt ends in a
saucer of water and out of the reach of frost until re-
quired for use. Another batch of Seakale and Rhu-
barb roots should be got into the Mushroom-house or
wherever they are forced. Failing these, the root-
stocks should be covered with pots or long boxes, and
these coveted with 3 or 4 feet thick ol Oak or Chest-
nut leaves. The present is a good time to put Potato
sets of the Ashleal and other forcing Potatos into pots
or boxes embedded in leaf-mould, starting them in a
little heat, to be planted later on in the hotbeds, when
they have made 2 inches of growth. Sow small salads at
short intervals, covering with a board for a day or two
until the seeds sprout ; and see that successional beds
of Radishes are attended to in the way of airing and
watering. Stable dung (including the horse droppings)
and leaves in about equal quantities should be thrown
together, and turned over a couple of times in the
course of a week or two to sweeten, wherewith to
make up hotbeds for Potatos, Carrots, Radishes, &c.,
about the middle or third week in the ensuing month.
Keep a good supply of rich soil on hand in a shed in
readiness for sowing and top-dressing French Beans
and other purposes connected with this department,
//. IV. Ward, Longford Castk.

688

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

C Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens" Room

Tuesday,

Dec. 2 -

f Sale 01 Liutch liulDs, at Stevens Kooms,
Monday, Dec. I I Sale of Dutch Uulbs, at Prothcroe & Morns'

' Rooms.

( Sale of Established Orchids, at Protheroe &

J Morris' Rooms,
^"j Sale 01 Camellias, Roses, &c-, at Protheroe

I & Morris' Rooms.

r Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens

j Rooms.
IV,. „ „ . , r, I Sale of Lilium auratum Bulbs, at Protheroe

VVEDME.'iDAV, Dec. 3 \ & Morris' Rooms.

! Sale of Nursery Stock at Lay's Nursery.
Hampton, by Protheroe & Morris

* • , .^ . ..._ '--ni Messrs.

_, T^ ) Shuttieworiii a t_o., at Stevens' Rooms.

Thursday, Dec. 4 < 5 , f poich Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

L Hampton, by Protheroe & Morris
[ Sale of Imported Orchids from h
T^ I shuttleworih & Co., at Stevens' Ro

"''■ * T Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & 1
( Rooms.

Friday,

Saturdw,

Dec,

I Rooms.

\ Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
S "i Morris' Rooms.

f Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
r,«.- fi J Rooms.
""^ "■{ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, a

( Rooms.

5, at Protheroe & Morris'

THE Apple Congress of last year will long
remain in the pleasant remembrance of
those who were privileged to take part
in it. Organised, so to speak, on the spur
of the moment, it was taken up with spirit by
executive and exhibitors, and brought to a most
successful conclusion. It is most ditificuU for a
society, or for anybody who caters for public
taste, to form an idea beforehand what is likely
to take with the public. Happy indeed is he
who by instinctive tact or tried experience has
attained this knack. In the present instance
we do not think the most sanguine pro-
moter ever dreamt of the success which
this great Apple show was destined to obtain.
It was, of course, felt that the professional
interest would be great, but no one could have
foreseen the crowds of amateurs who flocked to
Chiswick to see the Apples, and not only to see
but to examine and compare. Very pleasant
was it to see our friends from the country,
basket on arm, anxiously scanning the fruit and
comparing it with the samples brought for com.-
parison in their own baskets. Early in the
proceedings it became apparent that to gain
the full advantage of such an unrivalled dis-
play, and to turn it to its utmost educational
value, a full report must be drawn up for use in
the future. Such a report we have now before
us, under the modest but expressive title of
British Apples.*^ The lion's share of the work
of arrangement fell to the Superintendent of
the Chiswick Garden, and a similar portion of
labour has befallen him now in the preparation
of this report.

The preface details the origin of the exhibi-
tion, and gives some particulars as to the
number of exhibitors. These were from almost
every county in Great Britain — only two, how-
ever, hailing from Ireland : a circumstance to
be regretted, but one which it is to be hoped
win not be attributed as blame to base Saxons
or canny Scots. The total number of exhibitors,
it appears, was 236, who contributed an aggre-
gate of 10,150 separate dishes of Apples, 913
coming from Kent, Middlesex yielding 90S,
Herefordshire 294, and others less numbers.

A circular was sent to each exhibitor asking
for information on the following points : — The
number of sorts e.xhibited, the situation where
grown, sheltered or otherwise ; the character of
the soil and subsoil ; the stocks on which grafted ;
the form of the tree, bush, standard, or cordon ;
the names of the sorts, culinary or otherwise,
best suited to the particular district, and so
forth.

Provided with this information, Mr. Barron
has succeeded in condensing it so as to com-
prise it within moderate limits, and has added a
record of the careful observations taken by
himself of each exhibit. The number of differ-
ent names applied to the Apples exhibited
amounted to 2020, those admitted as presumably
distinct being 1545— a much larger number of
distinct varieties, and a much smaller number
of synonyms than might have been anticipated.

* Biilish Apples. Report of the Committee of the National
Apple Congress, held in the Royat Horticultural Gardens,
Chiswick. October, i88^. Compiled by A. F Barron. Mac-
millan.

The record of exhibits is grouped according
to the counties from which they came — thus.
Southern Counties, Eastern Counties, Midland
Counties, and so on. To give further illustrations,
we may say that under the head of Berkshire it
is stated that there were four exhibitors and
31 S dishes. For each of the four exhibits the
following details are given : — Name and address
of exhibitor, number of varieties exhibited,
observations made on the exhibit by Mr.
Barron, and exhibitors' remarks, detailing the
character of the soil and other particulars. A
selection of Apples suited to Berkshire is then
given, and the same plan is followed for every
county. It will be seen, then, that these pages
contain in abstract a variety of most valuable
information. We could have wished that some
means could have been devised to supply an
index to these remarks of the exhibitors and of
Mr. B.4RR0N ; for instance, it is dilificult to find
without much labour how Cox's Orange, or any
other sort, behaves in reference to fertility,
liability to canker, &c. An index would have
supplied this deficiency, but we must own we
should have shrunk from so formidable a task.
Nevertheless, the fact remains, that a large
portion of the most valuable information in the
whole report is rendered difficult of access by
this defect.

A very important feature consists in the
tabular arrangements showing the result of the
poll of varieties selected for cultivation in each
group of counties. A general summary for
Great Britain is also given, founded on the votes
of 130 e.xhibitors. King of the Pippins heads the
list of sixty dessert Apples with ninety-eight votes.
Cox's Orange follows with eighty-nine, Ribston
comes third with seventy-eight, and, so on down to
Pearson's Plate, which only polled three votes.
Of sixty culinary Apples Lord Suffield heads
the list with loi votes ; Dumelow's Seedling
comes next with ninety-three ; Keswick Codlin
third, with eight-four votes ; and so on to Cats-
head, which polled only three votes. It is
clear from this analysis that we have here a
very valuable indication as to the best sorts to
plant as a general rule, though, as Mr. Barron
properly remarks, many excellent Apples re-
ceived few votes simply because their merits
are as yet unknown to the mass of growers :
such are Pearson's Plate, Grenadier, Lane's
Prince Albert, Bramley's Seedling, Frogmore
Prolific, Lady Henniker, Golden Spire, School-
master, &c. The most popular Apple was Lord
Suffield, which received loi marks out of a
possible 103, King of the Pippins coming second,
with ninety-eight.

The most popular dessert Apple in England
is Co.x's Orange Pippin, but it is evidently not
so much known in Scotland, perhaps because
unsuitable for the climate. With this e.xception
we are told the varieties selected as most suit-
able for the north are held in like appreciation
in the south. " Thus," in the words of the re-
port, " the varieties of Apples that are really
worthy of cultivation may be reduced to com-
paratively narrow limits." The committee
propose to discard as too small Sam Young,
Golden Harvey, Lamb Abbey Pearmain,
Court of Wick, Redleaf Russet, Guernsey
Pippin, Downton Pippin, and to discard
all those culinary Apples which fall be-
low their standard of large Apples — i.e., 3
inches and upwards in diameter. This proposed
disenfranchisement will certainly not be carried
out, and we may add no process of the kind
should depend on mere size. Specific gravity
(z>., the weight in water), and a rough analysis
of the juice as done in the cider-making counties
would furnish a far more acceptable basis for
disfranchisement than mere size.

The last part of the volume is taken up with
a descriptive catalogue of all the Apples
e.xhibited, drawn up by Mr. Barron. No
attempt is made to arrange the Apples in
classes, the alphabetical arrangement, with all

its sweet simplicity, being adopted ; hence, if
one does not happen to know the name of any
particular Apple beforehand, it is impossible to
get any information about it from this book.
We do not wonder 'that Mr. Barron has
shrunk from the task of forming a classified
list, for we are bound to say, after repeated
trials, that such devices break down so often
under trial that they are of little use e.xcept to
their framers. Of course, this is what every
naturalist would expect to happen. It occurs in
any and all systems of classification — even the
most n.atural, much more so in one based on
characters derived from one organ only, and
that the most variable in the whole tree. Hence
we think Mr. Barron has been wise in not
attempting the impossible, at the same time he
has given a very useful digest from a practical
point of view, by giving indications of the pur-
pose for which Apples are cultivated viz. : — 1,
dessert, kitchen, or cider-making ; 2, the sea-
son of ripening — first early, early, mid-season,
and late ; 3, the size arbitrarily fixed as
" small " when under 2 inches in diameter,
" medium " when from 2 to 3 inches, and " large"
when above 3 inches in diameter. As to form,
Mr. Barron adopts the following :— " Globose,"
when breadth and height are about equal ;
"oblong," when the height is greater than the
breadth ; " flat or oblate," when the breadth is
greater than the height ; " conical," tapering
from base to apex ; and " ovate," when the fruit
tapers to both ends. These forms may be
illustrated by reference to the outlines we give
at figs. 120, 121, 122. The surface of the
fruit is described as angular, ribbed, or even ;
the colour as green, yellow red, orange, or
russet, streaked or flushed as the case may be.
Of course a large margin must be allowed for
variations, as we all know how much form,
colour, size, differ even in fruits from the same
tree, and still more often as the effect of
grafting on difTerent stocks, as illustrated at
fig. 120.

It would have .added greatly to the value
of the catalogue had reference been made to
the figures in the HctefordsJiire Pomona,
Leroy's Dictionnaire, the very numerous
figures given in these columns, in those of our
contemporaries, or other generally accessible
books ; but this is not vouchsafed even in the
Fruit Manuat.

We shall have frequent occasion to refer to
this report, the value of which is so great as to
reduce the trifling defects and errors we have
noticed to an almost infinitesimal degree — far
too small to cast a shadow on this very useful
publication, by the issue of which Mr. Barron
has once more laid the horticultural public
under a debt of gratitude.

Royal Botanic Society.— At '.a meeting

of this Society held on Saturday, Mr. J. P. Gassiot,
Vice-President, in the chair, the following canditJates
were balloted for and elected Fellows of the Society :
— Mrs. Bourne, Mrs. F. B. Howell, Mrs. Kaye
Knowles, Mrs. Legg, Mrs. Martyn, Mr. E. T.
Sturge, Mr. W. H. Symons, and Mrs. Chapman.

• — — Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti-
tution.— We are glad to see that the gardeners of
the kingdom are showing their earnestness in the
matter of so augmenting the reserve fund of
this useful Society as to secure an augmen-
tation of the meagre pensions at present be-
stowed. It has been a matter of reproach
hitherto that so large a number of the rank and file
have manifested indilTerence and allowed themselves
to be so much dependent on the generosity of out-
siders. If the shillings of the gardeners come
in in their hundreds, as they ought to do, there
is little fear that the aid of those more largely
endowed with means to promote the welfare of the
aged and infirm will be continued as heretofore. A
munificent offer of/'500 is promised, on condition
that a similar sum be raised before the end of the year,
hence the appeal now made, which we confidently
hope will be adequately responded to.

November 29, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

689

Red Spotted Potatos.— On examining would be glad of any information on this Fertility of Doiiiii.E Daffodils. — Re-

the Potatos earthed-up on the Jensenian plan, at subject, especially as to (1) the amount of crop garding this question, the following letter from Mr.

Chiswick, many tubers were found to be spotted thus diseased, (2) the character of the soil, (3) W. Bkockbank to Mr. J. C. Baker, of Kew,

internally with reddish-brown, no symptom of the nature and quantity of the manure used, (4) which was read at the f^innean Society on November 20,

Fig. 119. — aris.'ema fimbriatum : leaf, spathe, and floral details, (see p. 6S0.)

disease being visible at the surface. A large propor-
of certain crops both in Yorkshire and Norfolk has
this autumn been found to be unsaleable from this
cause, in consequence of the impossibility of
detecting this disease externally. The Scientific
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society

whether early or late varieties are most attacked, (5)
name of the varieties most affected. The disease
appears to be quite distinct from the ordinary
"Potato disease," from which it must be carefully
distinguished. Communications are requested to be
sent to Rev. G. Henslow, Drayton House, Ealing.

may be of interest :— "On April 2 I had the pleasure
of exhibiting to the Society a number of prepared
specimens of the Daffodil, which appeared to prove
that double Daftbdil flowers might produce seeds,
and I advanced some arguments, based upon the
observations I had made, to show that they were

690

THE GARDRNERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884,

spread over wide areas in a wild state of seeding.
The specimens showed the seed-vessels filled with
ovules ; but this did not fully prove that ripe seeds
capable of germination would be matured. I, there-
fore, carefully observed a number of flowers of double
Daffodils (Narcissus telamonius plenus), and marked
them as they went out of bloom to prevent any mis-
takes. One of these produced a capsule containing
nine shining black seeds, which were gathered June 24,
and at once sowed in a pot, and covered with a sheet
of glass. Of these seeds four have already germinated,
and show grass-like growths an inch above the soil.
This, therefore, completes the proof of what was pre-
viously advanced."

LiNNEAN Society. — Papers will be read on

Thursday, December 4, at S r.M., on "The Motion
of Trees and the Continuity of Protoplasm," by
Alfred Tylor; and on " Ileterolepidotus grandis,
a Fossil Fish from the Lias," by J AS. W. Davis.

Cinchona Ledgeriana as a Species. —

Mr. E. M. Holmes read a paper before the Linnean
Society on Nov. 20, wherein he expressed the opinion
that under the name of C. Ledgeriana a number of
varieties or forms, and probably some hybrids, of
Cinchona calisaya are now under cultivation in the
British Colonies. He believed that if more attention
were paid to the characters alljrded by the bark of
the trees, taken in conjunction with the other botanical
characters of flower and fruit, these varieties and
hybrids would be more easily defined and recognised.
He considers that the plant published under the name
of C. Ledgeriana by Dr. Trimen was probably
referable to Weddell's Cinchona calisaya var.
pallida as a horticultural form, for which the author
proposed the name Trimeniana.

TtJLIPA Breyniana, Baker.— k coloured

figure of the Tulip described in the GarJeners'
Clnonidi, vol. xviii., p. 8, and vol. xx., p. 233, is
given in the Botanical Ma^^a-Jne, t. 6786.

Large Lilium auratum Bulbs. — These

big bulbs appear to be gelling anything but rare, so
well is their cultivation now understood, and so very
fine do they grow in a few favoured localities. We
had for our inspection a good specimen from the
Messrs. Watkins & SimI'SON, seedsmen, Exeter
Street, Strand, that had a weight of 24 oz. and a
girth of 16 inches.

CovENT Garden Salesmen'. — A corre-
spondent complains that he sent up for sale, in conse-
quence of an advertisement in these columns, 165
dozen of cut flowers of Carnations, at various dates
in August, for which he obtained only a few shillings.
The salesman, interrogated as to this unsatisfactory
result, attributes the small sums paid to the fact, as
he alleges, that in some cases the flowers were not
delivered till after the market closed. In consequence
they were unsaleable. Others are stated not to have
been sold because they were badly packed, of inferior
quality, or that there was no demand for them, and
this in spite of the continuance of the advertisement
requesting flowers to be sent in any quantities. We
cannot be answerable for what is stated in advertise-
ments, nor have we any means of testing the validity
of the statements made. It seems to be, like so
many similar ones, a case in which the precept.
Caveat ''endilor, might profitably be followed.

Pincuicula IIIRTIELORA, Tenor. — A

mountain species with tufted oblong leaves, and erei-t
peduncles, bearing lilac spurred flowers, each about
two-thirds of an inch in diameter. It is a native of
South Italy, various parts of (ireece, and the Balkan.

Arauiaria iMBRicATA.— On the grass near

the "I" range, Kew, there is an old specimen of this
tree, introduced by A. Menzies in 1796. There are
taller and more symmetrical trees in the gardens,
which are, moreover, less interesting, because more
recently planted. It is a female, and bore cones as
long ago as 1836. A woodcut of it, taken the follow-
ing year, and given in Loudon's Trees and Shrubs of
Great Britain, fig. 19S5, exhibits a well-furnished
and well-proportioned tree. Since then it has lost
many of its lower branches — a fact doubtless due to
the light and unfavourable nature of the soil. The
tree is in cone at present, and although the yearly
increase in height is unnoticeable, the lateral branches
extend considerably, so that the top of the tree is

broad and drooping. Not only position, but the
soil and surroundings must be taken into account
in planting this tree, and young specimens in
pots cannot too soon be planted out so that the
roots may extend freely, as many a tine tree has
been blown down by the wind owing to the confined
condition of the roots when young.

Dressing Flower Beds in Winter. —

Mr. Andrew Tuer, the well known publisher, has
called attention in an evening paper to the desirability
of employing small shrubs in the London parks for
the purpose of affording some relief from the
monotony seen in flat surfaces of earth as presenteil
in many beds planted with bulbs. It is a matter for
surprise that whilst the use of small shrubs for the
decoration of beds in winter should be so admirable
a feature in some private gardens, notably at Heck-
field Place, Tring Park, and elsewhere, yet that they
should not be employed for similar purposes in our
public parks. Perhaps it would not be so easy to
keep many of the interesting forms of evergreens from
year to year, and in a constant condition of disestab-
lishment in the sooty atmosphere of Ljndon, but in
any case a few thousands could be purchased so
cheaply from the nurseries that a contract might well
be entered into with some large firm to provide, say,
several thousands of Conifers, evergreen and varie-
gated shrubs, iVc, of heights ranging from 12 to
36 inches, and in considerable variety, in November,
and to remove them early in May. Such an arrange-
ment need not be costly, and certainly our parks
would be very material gainers. It would be unde-
sirable that such shrubs should be employed merely
as dot plants. Small groups of various kinds or
intermixed in groups would be better, though some
pretty plants might well stand out individually where
a fitting carpet was provided. There is very much
more of beauty and variety in form and hue to be got
from evergreens than is commonly imagined, but in
the securing of these elements, of course, very much
depends upon the taste and knowledge of the planter.

ROMNEYA COULTERI.— A perennial Poppy,

with deeply cut foliage, and flowers 6—7 inches
across, delicate white, with numerous short yellow
stamens. It is a native of California, of doubtful
hardihood in this country, but its beauty is such that
any little protection is amply rewarded. The plant
is figured in the Garden, Nov. S.

Outdoor Chrysanthemums,— The season

has been the despair of those who have to live by
supplying the market with cut flowers. It has been
moit disappointing to find that Chrysanthemums in
the open ground have been so good, fresh, and
enduring that those under glass have had no advan-
tage. Thus we have never had a season when bloom
of this autumn flower was so abundant, and not a few
growers have felt that, were such seasons to continue,
growing bloom under glass would become a ruinous
business. It would be unfortunate, however, were
any thus despairing for the present to fail to provide
for another autumn. We have had one truly grand
Chrysanthemum season, but such another may not
occur for a decade, or perhaps a generation. Never
within the memory of man, may we say, has
there been a November so dry, so devoid of
frosts, and altogether so delightful. We can hardly
hope to look upon its like again, and there-
fore it would be folly to rush to the conclusion
that flower-growing under glass in November will no
longer be profitable. Perhaps in one respect many
growers have reason to blame themselves that they .1 )
but grow in bulk what all the world grows, hence they
fail to find from a market glutted with Klaines, Madame
Marthes, Marabouts, or other common kinds, the
requisite returns. It is well worthy of consideration
whether some considerable variation of kinds, espe-
cially in the way of rich dark and chestnut hues,
would not prove more profitable. As a rule, one
grower produces largely just what his neighbour has
in abundance. That is a mistake, and the energies
of market growers should rather be turned to the
production of scmething good which others have not.

Clematis GirsY Queen.— This is one of

the late summer-flowering varieties of the Jackmanni
types, and it is deserving of notice, as it appears to
flower persistently and until quite late in the season.
There is a large collection of Clematis growing in the
open ground against pillars in Messrs. Sutton
& Sons' London Koad Nursery at Reading, and

this is done in order to allow of a selection being
made. Among the many varieties the one named
Gipsy (Jueen stands out prominently because so con-
tinuously in flower. The lateness of the season may
perhaps have something to do with the peculiar hue
of colour, but it may be described as pale maroon,
heavily flushed with bright purple ; flowers of good
form, and freely produced, It should be planted for
late flowering.

Iris hexacona.— A very distinct tall showy

Iris, native of the Southern United States, figured in
the Botanical Ma-aitie, t. 6786, from specimens
flowering in the Cambridge Botanical Gardens.
The leaves are green, the flowers more than 6 inches
in diameter, falls violet, with a yellow spot, petals
erect, narrow, violet.

Troi'.eolu.m tulerosum. — As late as

Nov. 14 a line of this useful decorative species was
in flower in Messrs. Sutton & Sons' nursery at
I-teading. Planted out in early summer in a piece of
ground that appeared to suit it a prodigious growth
was made, followed by masses of bloom then un-
touched by frost. It is very free at Reading,
and it does well as a specimen in the mi.xed border
trained to a pillar. A line of this TropKoIum, with
Scarlet Invincible Sweet Pea mixed with it, would
make a charming line for summer blooming, and last
for a considerable time in flower.

Helianthemu.m i'Ormosum.— a beautiful

prostrate shrub, with small oblong acute hoary leaves,
and flowers about ij inch in diameter, yellow, with
a reddish-bro*n eye. Garden, Nov. 15, 1SS4. We
ate glad to see that attention is being drawn to this
very beautiful but much neglected genus.

Glasshouse Designs.— Messrs. Wrench

c& Sons, of Ipswich and London, have sent for our
inspection drawings (registered and copyright) of gu-
den structures, such as conservatories and green-
houses, that differ in style largely from the ordinary
run of these things. There is evidence in some of
the designs of a desire to return to the heavy wood-
work of forty years ago, at least in that part which
suffers the least from the elements— the upright
sashes. This is of no advantage to the cultivator of
plants during our long sunless winters, and is decid-
edly bad for herbaceous greenhouse plants. The
designs for conservatories to be attached to the dwell-
ing carry the idea of much cosiness, and possess miny
spots to retire to— in that w.ay being great improve-
ments on the bare straight-lined village school room
look of too many modern conseivafories. To obviate
the considerable amount of shadow heavy wood sash-
bars and frames cause, large squares of plate-glass are
found in some of the windows. The half lantern is a
favourite method of ventilating in these plans, and it
is a good one in houses facing south, as the upright
portion is that which opens, and the air being stayed
in its jiassage over the roof gets warmed before being
let into the house. This upright side to the lantern
appears to be about 2 feet high in some of the designs,
and So fulfils still better the purpose of a barrier to
air currents. It will add to the costof houses to fix
these superstruciutes, but as they have all the advan-
tages of a wall that rises higher than the house, and
are not an olijectionable feature, they will find many
to adopt them.

Crinum LEucoriivLHiM.— a new Crinum

from Damara Land, with .a very large bulb, very
stout, flattened peduncle, numerous whitish-green
leaves, arranged in two ranks, and very numerous
fragrant pink flowers, with long slender tubes and
narrow segments half the length of the tube. P.aukr,
in Botanical AJat^a-.inc, t. 6783.

Ruellia macropiivlla.— Under this genus

is included a large assemblage of plants belonging to
several genera, but varying greatly in minute parti-
culars, but presenting no constant or reliable charac-
ters by which they might be thrown into sectional
groups, far less into genera. The plant under notice
belonged to the genus Stemonacanthus, which, like the
rest, has been very properly cut down by the Gen.ra
Planlarnin. The distinctions depending chiefly on
the relative length and shape of the corolla tube varies
from species to species. R. macrophylla produces
long lubuhr scitlet flowers, with much cxsertcJ
stamens in loose axillary cymes, and a well-grown

November 2q, i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

691

'il ecimen is a conspicuous oltject. The shrubi>y up-
I'jjht Btems attain a height of 3 or 4 feet, and after
fl )wering should be cut back to ioduce a bushy habit,
a; well as encourage a free and vigorous growth. A
(^o)d and characteristic figure of the plant is given in
the /io/atiutil A/aj^azim-t t. 444S, and flowering speci-
mens may be seen in the I'nltn-house at Kew.

' Vegetable Products in Ragusa.— Re-
porting on the trade and commerce of Ragusa, the
llritish Consul says, that llie plant most extensively
cultivated in the country is the Kupus, a species of
Cabbage, which forms the staple article of diet for the
lower classes. The Kupus is said to be indigenous to
Dalmatia. ''Perhaps" it is said " it was this plant
Ihe cultivation of which Diocletian preferred to the
exercise of imperial power." The plants last about
three years after planting, growing high and forming
long straggling stalks which continue year by year to
send forth leaves as the first shoots are taken away.
It is extremely nutritious and of good flavour. Next
to the Kupus the Olive is the chief object of cultiva-
tion, and it is also the chief article of export. Last
year was a very good one in Ragusa for the Olive,
It produces its greatest crop every third or fourth year,
and as there was an excessive crop in JS79, the sub-
sequent crops up to the present year have been of
inferior quality. It, is on the Olive crops that the
proprietor chietly founds his hopes of a revenue.
Common Olive oil fetches about 0'^'. a quart, fine oil
from about 5-f. The greatest part of the Olives
exported from Ragusa goes to Trieste and some
portion to Russia. The exportation of Chrysanthe-
mum cinerari^sfolium, the source of the celebrated
Dalmatian insect powder, has very considerably fallen
off and its cultivation has therefore received a check.
The falling off of the foreign demand is believed to be
owing in some measure to the plant having been
cultivated elsewhere, but also in greater measure to the
fact that many spurious imitations of the insecticide
powder made from the plant have been thrown into
the market, besides which the cultivators in Ragusa
have been exporting the stalks of the plant for the
purpose of reducing to powder, which can only be
properly made from the flowers. The consequence
has been that the reputation of the po*der as an in-
secticide has decreased considerably in foreign
countries.

Paris Daisies.— The capacity of the white

Marguerite to bloom all the year round was exhibited
on a splendid specimen plant exhibited at the little
autumn show recently held in the Public Hall,
Fellham, by Mr. Robert Newhury, of that
place. This huge specimen, some 5 feet through, had
been blooming continuously all through the year, and
was then as full of flower as at any time. Not being
subjected to heat, the plant is dense, bushy, and hard,
and though some 5 feet through, is all wood, leafage,
and flower. Naturally, it is very interesting to find
such a specimen of the Chrysanthemum frutescens as
this shown in conjunction wiih the autumn and
winter blooming kinds. It would prove still more
interesting to have examples of all the known cul-
tivated kinds of the Chrysanthemum exhibited at
once, if possible, for many people have little know-
ledge how extensive and representative- is the group.
By care it would not be at all difficult to have many
of the annual kinds in bloom in November, and
nearly all the perennial forms seem amenable to such
culture as may ensure their being in bloom at the
same time.

Crapes Ritened i\ Blue Paper Bags. —

A correspondent residing in London forwarded for
our inspection two small bunches of Grapes, which
had been grown out-of-doors but a short distance
from Hyde Park Corner. The colour of the one
bunch was quite red, whilst the other had the normal
black tint of the variety ; the first, having been grown
in a blue paper bag, had undergone a partial bleach-
ing, hence the reddish colour ; it was likewise sen-
sibly deficient in sweetness — well-known results fol-
lowing a great deprivation of light and air. Paper
bags of any colour, or those made of netting or
muslin, should never be placed over fruit before it is
ripe, or bad consequences invariably follow.

National Auricula, Carnation, and

Picotee Society. — We have received a letter from
Mr. Douglas in reply to Mr. Dodwell, in which
he explains why he did not send Mr, Dodwell a

copy of the minutes of the last meeting, and referring
to other matters which will, in our opinion, be more
fittingly dealt with at the approaching meeting, and
which, therefore, in the hope of putting limits to an
unprofitable and disagreeable controversy, we do not
enter upon now. In the meantime, no one is likely
to accuse either controveilalist of being actuated by
other than proper motives.

Late-hlooming Plants in Scotland.—

We have received from a correspondent ((. McLean,
gr. to v.. II. J. Ckaui'UKD, Km; , Auchcnames,
West Kilbride, Ayrshire) a box of flowers gathered
in the open air on November 25. The followmg
varieties were enclosed : — Antirrhinums, Kuchsias,
Stocks, Mignonette, Pansies, Sweet Peas, Pelar-
gonium, Calceolaria, single Dahlias, Chrysanthe-
mums of sorts, TropL'oolums, Centaurea candidissima,
Gladioli, Lobelia, Anemones, Escallonia, Arbutus,
and Larkspur, v/hich plainly indicates the mildness
of the season there up to that date.

Publications Received.— A'^/tj;/ 0/ iVfw

York HorticuUural Society, — Ilhistrations of Britiih
Fitnsii (No. 27). By M. C. Cooke.— /iV/i?// of the
Pro^fess and Cotidilion of the Govej-nmeitt Botanical
Gardens at Saharanpnr and Mussoorie for 1SS4. — The
Management of Plantations in Citmbcrland, By W.
Baty. — The Peer and the Prophet, — I 'id-'s Illus-
trated Aloutlily.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Nov. 24, 1SS4, issued by the
Meteorological Oflice, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather has been cloudy or dull gener-
ally, with occasional showers of cold rain or sleet ;
towards the end of the period a good deal of fog or
mist became prevalent. Lightning was seen at several
of our northern stations during the evening of the
20lh, while at Shields a thunderstorm was experi-
enced. The temperature has been about equal to its
normal value in ** Scotland, E.," but below elsewhere;
in most districts the deficit varied from 2" to 3", but
in " England, S.," it was 4"^, and in " Ireland, S.,"
5^ The maxima, which were recorded on different
days in the various localities, ranged from 48° to 50°
in most districts, while in " England, S.W.," the
thermometer is reported to have risen to 53\ The
minima were generally registered towards the close of
the period, when the temperature fell to 21° or 22° in
the east and souih of England and over Ireland, and to
between 25°and2S''inmost other parts of the kingdom ;
in "Scotland, E.," however, the lowest reading was
32°, and in the "Channel Islands" 37". The rain-
fall has been less than the mean in all districts.
Bright sunshine shows a decrease in duration in
" Scotland, N.," and the " Channel Islands," but an
increaseelsewhere. In "Ireland, S.,"3S percent, of the
possible number of hours was recorded, in "Scotland,
W.," 34, in "England, N.W.," 30, and in most
other districts 181027 per cent., while in the "Midland
Counlies"therewasonIy 14. Depressions observed : —
During the whole of this period barometric pressure ha5
been hij^hest in the western part of our area. The only
depression observed was one which, after travelling
S.S E. from the west of Norway to Ilolstein on the
20. h, changed its course southwards to the Nether-
lands, and subsequently S. or S. S.E. towards the
Mediterranean. Under the influence of this disturb-
ance the wind, which had previously been moderate
or fresh from N. or N.E., increased to the force of a
fresh orstrong gale on all partsof our northern, eastern,
and south-eastern coasts. As the depression disap-
peared from our neighbourhood, however, the wind
gradually subsided, and during the last few days very
light airs from the north-westward or northward were
general.

Gardening Appointments.— Mr. H. G.

Wilson, late Head Gardener to H. F. Spencer,
Esq., Spring Grove, Bentley, has been appointed
Head Gardener to H. H. Cochrane, Esq., Esh
Wood Hall, Durham. — Mr. J. Churchill, late
Foreman, has succeeded Mr. McIntosh as Head
Gardener to J. Snowdon Henry, Esq., J. P., D.L.,
East Dene, Bonchurch, Isle of Wight.— C. F. Prang
NELL, formerly Head Gardener to the Kensington
and Chelsea District School, Banstead, Surrey, as
Head Gardener to the IloUoway Sanitorium, St.
Ann's Heath, Virginia Water, Chertsey,

VARIATION IN NVMPH.HAS.

Last January I recorded in the Gardeners*
Chronicle (p. 87) some experiments which had been
made at Kew on the fertilisation of Nymphx.is, with a
view to finally obtaining a coloured race of hardy
Water- Lilie=. During the past summer a large
number of seedlings thus obtained were grown on
and flowered, but not one of them has proved a good
cross, nor even shown any characters that dilTered
from the varieties we already possessed. All thoseseed-
lings which were the result of an attempt to cross the
hardy species with some of the tropical blue and red
species, had been obtained from seeds borne by the
latter, as owing to the lateness of the season at the
time the experiments were made, all the hardy Nyin-
ph:i2as at Kew were out of flower, and pollen had to
be obtained elsewhere. Although every care was
taken to prevent pollen either from the flower operated
upon or from any other species growing near the plant
in the same tank, and the pollen of the hardy kinds
was dusted over the stigmas several limes in the course
of two days, yet none of the seedlings showed any of
the characters of the hardy kinds, but appeared to be
more or less exact reproductions of the mother plant.
Failure may have been owing to carelessness of
manipulation, or to the stigmas having been fertilised
with pollen from the same or some nearly allied plant
before the foreign pollen was applied. To me, how-
ever, it seems likely that the experiment failed owing
to functional dilferences between the two species it
was intended to cross. We have numerous instances
of this refusal of two species of plants to unite for the
production of a hybrid intermediate between the two,
and in a large number of cases it appears to be
impossible to bring about even fertilisation. \'ariatIons
in colour and in form appear to be due simply to long
cultivation rather than to hybridism. The absence of
variability among plants that have been in cultivation
for many years is most Hkely owing to the employ-
ment of other methods than seed raising for their
propagation. In some instances seeds are not pro-
duced by plants under artificial treatment, and we
are therefore compelled to rely on cuttings, division,
or tubers for the multiplication of these plants. If,
however, seeds were oftener employed for this purpose
we should, according to Darwin, obtain greater variety
among many of our garden plants than exists at
present. In his Origin of Species Darwin says, " It
seems pretty clear that plants must be exposed during
several generations to the new conditions of life to
cause any appreciable amount of variation." Of
course these several generations must be through the
seeds of each generation, as cuttings, &c., are, as if
were, only a continuation of the same generation.

We have strong evidences of this tendency to vary
among those of our garden plants which are propa-
gated from seeds — in annuals more especially, and
also in tuberous Bsgonias, Gloxinias, Chrysanthe-
mums, and many other plants of perennial duration,
but which are olten propagated by means of home-
grown seeds. In the plants named the wide range of
variation in characters both of form and colour is due
in the first instance to the varying or sporting of the
first type, and we are told by Darwin that when a
plant "has once begun to vary it generally continues
to vary for many generations," and that "no case is
on record of a variable being ceasing to be variable
under cultivation."

It appears to me, therefore, that good cultivation
and natural reproduction [i.c.^ from seeds) must be
looked to for changes in the colour and form of
mmy cultivated plants. In Nymph^as we find the
tubers, which are freely formed on the roots of most
of the species, a much readier means of propagation
than seeds, consequently the latter are rarely troubled
about. In the case of our native Water-Lily it may
safely be said that under cultivation the tubers are
always relied upon for its propagation and increase.
The conditions under which it is usually placed renders
the safe germination of the seeds and the maturation
of the seedlings practically impossible. I myself do
not remember a single instance of the common Water-
Lily having, when under cultivation, reproduced itself
from self-sown seeds. Whether what is here advanced
in regard to Nymphceas is correct must for the present
remain hypothetical ; but after paying some attention
to what has been written on the subjects of variation
and hybridity, it appears to me that hybridisation
proper is of little or no avail as a means of causing
variation such as we desire, but that the suggestions
conveyed by Darwin's statements above quoted show
us the surest way to obtain variety among Nymphxas
and many other cultivated plants. /K iV.

692

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

j-lo/VlE J]0RRESP0IV|DE]VCE.

The Committees of the Royal Horticultural
Society. — Now that the time is coming when the
constitution of the Committees for 1SS5 will be dis-
cussed, and probably new ones chosen, may I, as a
wanderer, and sometimes a lost one, in the mazes of
revolving committee systems, ask a few questions,
praying for enlightenment from '* those who know " ?
— I. Is the threefold body a good and satisfactory
one ? Does it do the work better than the original
dual one did ? 2. Wherein lies the improvement in
forming three small instead of two large bodies ?
3. Is it, or has it been possible, to class subjects for
A. and B, committees without clashing ? 4. Is the
rumour true, that says certain plants have been at-
tempted to be entered in section A., but told to pass on
to B., that B. repudiatd them, sending them back to A,,
and that finally they were never adjudicated upon at all ?
5. What is the objection to a large committee, and also
a more mixed one? 6. Is it desirable that the com-
mittee should be a body of gardeners, or nurserymen,
or amateurs, or enthusiastic florists, or market men,
or gentlemen? 7. Does any one know how the com-
mittees are chosen, or by whom, and has anybody
any suggestions to make on the subject ? I ask the
above questions, hoping for some light in my wander-
ings, which may result in good to horticulture, and
ventilate the various views each may hold on the un-
solved problem, " How best to form a committee ? "
A Wandering Pleiad. [The matter here brought for-
ward is one of great importance, as it is clear that
existing regulations do not work so well as they
might do. In answer to the seventh question, it may
be added that the Council appoints the committees.
We may have more to say on the subject on another
occasion ; in the meantime, we should be pleased to
learn the opinions of our readers. Ed.]

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution,
— Now that the Augmentation Fund is attracting so
much notice, and it may be hoped is progressing
satisfactorily, it may be as well to learn the opinions
of some of the subscribers on the following point. It
is proposed, should the required sum be obtained, to
raise the pensions in all cases by ^4, the men to
receive ^20 and the women ;/'i6, or in the proportion
of five to four. Now, I suppose on the formation of the
Society the amount was fixed on the presumption
that a man's expenses are heavier than a woman's
and that many men may have a wife to support, but
that no widow can have a husband to keep, hence
the proportion of £\6 to /i2, or four to three.
Why should this proportion under the new arrange-
ment be departed from ? If the existing ratio be
retained the amounts to be paid in future would be
^20 and ^15. Now, as the number of female pen-
sioners is about fifty, a saving of ^^50 per annum
would be effected, which would enable the committee
to put on at least two more pensioners, which cannot
be done if the proposed new rate be adopted. J. IV.

The Narcissus. — I am an admirer of that charm-
ingly pretty and deliciously scented flower, the Nar-
cissus ; but in the garden which I now have I fail to
obtain that display of blooms which careful culture
and attention merit. Quite 60 per cent, of the
flowering spikes fail to unfurl their petals. If any of
your more experienced readers can explain the cause
and suggest a remedy I shall be a grateful recipient
of their favours. E. W, W.

Tubular Boilers.— Mr. Groombridge (p. 62S) asks
if I can keep in my fires to heat the houses for 4</.
per day, as he is now doing? No, I cannot do that,
nor can I understand how he can. But firstly he says
he does do so for \d. a day, which would be 2s. i\d. per
week, but which Mr. Groombridge makes about I2j'.,
or about five times as much. Our boiler, a saddle,
heats 2339 feet of 4-inch pipe for less than lis, a
week, but that sum is exceeded in very severe weather,
and very likely during warm days in summer the cost
may be as low as ^d, a day. Has Mr. Groombridge
made a mistake and given us the cost of firing
during the day, omitting his banking up at night ? If
so, then I can understand, as in that case he would
burn only ^d. worth of fuel a day and \s. df\d. in
fuel at night, or rather more ; he would still be about
\2s. a week when he forces his choice flowers at
Christmas. Mr. Groombridge then goes on to say he
quite agrees with me respecting the setting of boilers.
But in what way does he agree? lie agrees by
telling us he is entitled to be considered experienced
because he has taken down and re-set his boilers seven
times before they satisfied him. What I meant by
experienced was not just such experience as Mr.
Groombridge has had, as that cannot be called such.
Can any man be considered experienced who has
to reset his boilers seven times before he gets satisfac-

tory work from them ? I will admit that he has some
experience of pulling down and setting up, but of a
knowledge of hot-water circulation he must possess
but little. The hot-water engineers in this locality
would soon have to clear out if they so mismanaged
their work of setting a boiler. The firm I named can
set a boiler, and set it at once, and further, if the
order is given in the morning within 20 miles of their
place there is no fear of frost getting into the houses
at night, as the boilers will be fixed and at work if
need be. But as Mr. Groombridge's letter is in no
way connected with " Vorkshireman's " question and
is irrelevant to it, I hope you will pardon me for tres-
passing on your valuable space. Thrumpton.

Plants in Flower on November 10.— The
number of plants in flower in the gardens at Shire-
newton Hall, near Chepstow, at this date, was greater
than I ever knew before, and perhaps the following
list will be interesting : —

Agathsea ccelestis
Ageratuni mexicanum
Aconitum sinense
Alyssum saxatiie
Anemone japonica, and vars.
Agrostemma coronaria

,, ,, alba
Androsace lanuginosa
Antirrhinum majus
Arbutus Unedo
Aster ericoides

,, pendula

,, undulata

,, paniculata

,, laevigata

,, horizontalis

.. Novi Eelgii
Aubrietia Hendersont
Bidens Zimapani
Bohonia latisquama
glastifolia

Gazania ringens
Hedysaruni coronarium
Helianthu^ lasvigatus
Hesperis maironalis

,, ,, purpurea plena
Hypericum tomentosum

,, calycinum

,, patulutn

„ re plans
Ipomcca jalapa
Linum flavum
Lobelia erinus
Lupinus nutkaensis
Lythrum alaluiii
Lychnis vespenma plena
Linaria purpurea

,, reiicuiata
Laouum album

„ aureum
Lathyrus odoratus
Myosotis dissitiflora alba

Bellis perennis, and double Meconopsis cambrica

vars. Mimulus cardinali^;

Borago officinalis Monarda didyma var.

Clematis Lady Bovill Nastuitium officinale

Chrysanthemum lacustre Nymphsa odorata

„ segetum, and vars. Q^^uothera Lamarckiana

,, coronarium, and vars. Onosma taurica

Coreopsis lanceolata Papaver alpina
Calandula officinalis (x Me- „ „ alba

teor) „ „ (orange-scarlet)

Chrysanthemum (Japanese, „ nudicaule

pompon, and large- Penti-temon (hybrid)

fljwered) ,. a2ureum

Chciranthus Harpur-Crewe Phlox ovata

,. double (Wallflower) ,, coccinea, &c.

Campanula pyramidalis and Primula floribunda
alba ,, obconica

,, Hosti and alba ,, sikkimensis

,, Van Houttei pallida ,, capilata

Centaurea rosea ,, acaulls, and vars.

Convolvulus mauritanicus Prunella Webbiana
Corydalis cava ,, alba

C ocus autumnalis Pyrethrum corymbosum

Dianthus fragrans Roses, many hybrid per-

,, caryophyllus petuals

,, barbatus „ Tea

,, Marie Pare ,, Chma

Delphinium Schyml „ Noisette

,, magnificum Rudbeckia specio^a
Digitalis grandiflora ,, subtomentosa

Dahlia, single (\w great Salvia patens and alba
quantity) ,, lupinoides

,, double ,, Horminum

,, glabrata ,. Tenori

,, gracilis Schizostylis coccinea

,, Juarezi Sedum Sieboldii

Erica carnea Senecio pulcher

,, mediterranea Sternbergia lutea

Erodium Manescavi Tournefortia heliotropioides

Eryngium Riversii Tagetes signata, and vars.

Fuchsia gracilis Verbena venosa

„ niicrophylla ,, hybrids

,, pumila Veronica Anderson!, &c.

,, Riccartoni Valeriana officinalis

,, hybrid vars. Vittadenia triloba

Gaillardia grandiflora Vmca acutiloba

„ hybrida splendens Viola cornuta
Geranium Endresii „ tricolor, vars.

,, striatum ,, odorata, vars.

,, phaeum ,, Countess of Kintore

Grmdelia grandiflora Xeranthemum purpureum
Gladiolus, hybrid vars.

To these may be added Groundsel, Sow Thistle,
Laurustinus, French Marigold, Southampton Wall-
flower, Blackberry (double), Canterbury Bells,
Eschscholtzia, Clover, Stock, Carnations {single and
double). Clove, Yarrow (pink), and Strawberries
(also in large fruit). Peas, Kidney Beans, young
Potatos, Tomatos, &c., can still be gathered
out-of-doors here. The frost a fortnight ago
injured Vegetable Marrows, and some leaves of
Dahlias close to the ground, but there are
hundreds of good blooms, especially of single Dahlias,
in the garden. It is not often that nearly 150 differ-
ent flowers can be gatheied on November 10 within
the area of a 10 or 12 acre field. E. J. Loive,

Hot-water Pipes and Tar. — Will you kindly
permit me to make an enquiry and a few remarks
respecting hot-water pipes ? On my taking posses-
sion of the gardens here I found everything had
been freshly painted, including the hot-water pipes,
which, according to the tradesman's account, had
been painted with Brunswick black. After I had
been here two or three days I had a fire lighted for a
house which is now used as a plant stove. On my
entering the house, next morning, I was surprised to
find such a strong smell of gas-tar (although I had the
top ventilators open, to allow the smell of the paint

to escape). This smell I found proceeded from the
pipes when hot. I drew the attention of my employer
to this unfortunate event, and taking some of the
composition from the pipes I had it tested, and
found it was composed of tar and turpentine which
any man with a grain of common sense ought to have
known would be injurious to plant life, it applied to
hot-water pipes. I consider all gardeners ought to
know what is the best and cheapest composition for
painting hot-water pipes, and when painting operations
are going on to see what is applied to them. I have
found, after a thorough trial, that vegetable black and
turpentine, with a little linseed oil to give it a gloss,
is the best and cheapest composition that can be
applied to hot-water pipes. I must now come to my
enquiry, and ask if any of the readers of the Gardeners^
Chronidc can inform me by what means I can destroy
the obnoxious gas on the pipes, or, is there any means
of removing the same without scraping them, as that
would cause a vast amount of labour as we have a
large quantity of piping here ? Alfred Bishop, The
Gardens, Ahbotsjord, Burgess Hill.

Tomato Disease.— If Mr. Smith will refer to
my paper on the fungoid diseases of the Tomato, in
the Gardeners' Chronicle for November 12, iSSi, he
will find that instead of omitting the Phytophthora
as a Tomato disease, nearly half the paper is taken
up in describing the appearances this fungus produces
when it attacks the Tomato leaves as compared with
the appearances it produces upon the Tomato fruit
and upon the Potato plant. I am sure Mr. Smith
would not intentionally have misrepresented me, but
in this instance he has trusteJ too much to the accu-
racy of his *' index." Charles B, Plowright^

The Servants^ Term.— "To-day (Nov. 11) is
the Martinmas Term, and, as is usual, the traffic at the
Waverley and Caledonian Railway Stations is very
great. Up till eleven o'clock the officials at the
Waverley Station had booked about 400 boxes,
mostly belonging to under-gardeners, however. After
twelve o'clock the traffic is expected to become very
heavy." The above is cut from the Edinburgh
Evening Express. It shows what a number of
young gardeners were shifting their places in Scot-
land this year; " Martinmas" being the under-gar-
deners' "term," by long "use and wont." There
would be near 1000 gardeners in Edinburgh within
the last three days, as more than half come up with-
out their " boxes." At least two-thirds of these are
men looking for situations, or moving from one place
to another. The custom of yearly engagements of
under«gardeners, through the medium of the nursery-
men, is not perhaps the best for the young men, who
have very little option or choice in the matter. I
manage to find plenty of good men otherwise, and
we mutually agree about "coming "and "leaving,"
which makes things go better for all. M.

Cypripedium Spicerianum. — When this com-
paratively recent introduction was added to our col-
lections a decided acquisition was made to this useful
and highly ornamental class of Orchids. The habit
and foliage of the plant are precisely similar to those
ofC. villosum, but the flowers possess a decided in-
dividuality, that is at once engaging and highly orna-
mental. They are borne singly and the large upper
sepal is pre-eminently the most attractive feature. It
is strongly revolute behind, so as to form a hood, and
pure while with a median claret band, and a lively
green blotch at the base. The petals are small,
greenish-yellow, and beautifully wavy on the upper
margin, while the slipper is heavily tinted with a
bronzy colour. The violet-purple staminode is mar-
gined with \ffhite, and have a central starry yellow
spot, appears like a precious stone embossed in the
centre of the flower. The cultural management of the
plant is not difficult, and each season sees it flower re-
gularly. A healthy specimen has been flowering for
some time in the East Indian-house at Kew. F.

The Clubbing of Sparmannia and Hoya
Roots. — I have examined the examples forwarded by
Mr. Plowright. The clubbing Is due to the attacks
of Nematode worms, as in the Cucumber disease.
Nothing except dead dark brown tissue is to be seen
in the actual clubs, but in other places on the roots,
where clubbing is just commencing, the Nematodes
are abundant. IV. G. Smith,

Grape Shanking.— Having read with interest
Mr. Douglas' article on the above subject, I venture
to give my experience with Vines in an old house
here which shanked badly, nearly half of the crop
having to be cut otT annually. During the autumn of
iSSi, while some repairs to the house were being
executed, I resolved to lift the roots of the Vines. To
begin with the outside border, I removed one foot of
soil ; next came about 6 inches of broken bricks and
tiles, which were laid carefully aside for future use.
Below all this were the roots, so with forks we com-
menced to lift the soil to the depth of another
15 inches, fastening the roots together as the work

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

693

proceeded ; many of them had got into the cold,
strong, clayey subsoil, and were destitute of fibre ;
now, I thought, here is the cause of the Grapes
shanking. After all the roots were freed from the
soil they were rolled in mats to protect them from
being dried up. Now came the making of the new

is, that there must be some other cause for shanking
than over-cropping, such as being too dry at the
roots, or their being in cold, ungenial soil, that failed
to give the necessary nourishment required to bring
the Grapes to perfect maturity. William 'Jarfuaon,
Ekhies,

Fig. 120.— to illustrate shapes of api'les : a, c, glohose ; b, oblong, (see p. 688.)

border ; first of all the broken bricks and tiles were
put on the clay for drainage ; then followed a good
coating of old lime rubbish before putting on the
turf ; after this came i foot of the compost, a mixture
of good turfy loam, \-inch bones, charcoal, and
lime rubbish. The root's were laid upon this, and the
soil carefully worked in amongst them, and when
finished were only 3 inches from the surface. As a
protection from frost, a good thick coating of stable
manure was given, which completed the work. The
inside border is only 3 feet wide ; it got a top-dress-
ing. Now for results. Next spring {1SS2) the
Vines started rather slowly, and flagged under bright
sunshine up to May. After this the new roots
appeared to be able to support them. The crop was
an average one ; the bunches smaller than usual, but
what there was was satisfactory, and not one shanked
berry was seen. The Vines have carried heavy crops

Pruning.— This work is generally left till winter,
but why it is diflicult to tell, as at that season it
cannot be done without much discomfort, for how-
ever active a person may be he can hardly bustle
about enough at a job of that sort to keep himself
warm. This being so the mild weather we are now

the closer they are home to the main branches the
finer and belter will the fruit be, as it is impossible
for it to swell freely with the spurs all knotted and
gnarled ; and the same remarks apply to Apples trained
as espaliers or cordons, which, unless hard pruned
annually, soon get in a similar slate to the Pears.
Plums, dessert Cherries, and Apricots are liable to
the same evil, but in dealing with these more
caution is necessary, for unless cut to bud the
spurs of them are apt to die and leave long gaps
in the branches. Orchard trees need thinning by
cutting out any shoots that cross, and the removal of
dead or cankered wood, which, if left, is not only an
eyesore but carries decay far back, as the bark
cannot heal round, Moss or lichen should be
cleared olf as soon as they show, for if left for only a
season it is surprising how rapidly they spread, An
easy way of getting rid of moss from trees on walls is
to fumigate with sulphur by burning it in pans or pots
that can be moved frequently, and if this is done on
a still day, a man or a boy may go over the whole in
a garden. To deal with pyramids or standards, lime
is the only remedy, and this should be quite fresh
slaked in water and used at once while hot. This
may be done by passing it through a syringe after
being strained through a fine sieve and made as thin
as whitewash. The same dressing is also good for
Currant and Gooseberry bushes, and besides cleansing
these thoroughly, it will keep off birds from the buds,
as the lime, if strong and fresh, will not leave its hold
till late in the spring. 7- '^•

Awards to Fruit. — At the Southampton fruit
show last year it was held by one of the judges,
that as the Apple, Court Pendu Plat, would not be
fit for the table before February, my exhibit of
three dishes of dessert Apples, of which that formed
one, should be disqualified. This year I had some
good specimens of the same Apple, but the judges'
ruling of last year stopped me from exhibiting them.
However, notwithstanding that this year the show
was a week earlier, the judge in question exhibited the
same variety in the same class, and was actually
awarded first honours. Can any of your readers
explain this apparent inconsistency ? A. Gates, Byams,
Southampton.

Nomenclature of Colours. — I wish some
competent person would undertake a work
that would be a most useful one, not only to florists and
botanists, but to all naturalists also as well as
to the general public. I mean an identification
of the names of colours used in descriptions of
plants, with specimens of them. Many names
of colours have been of late quite altered, either trans-
ferred to other tints, or dropped and replaced by new
words. For instance, purple, as in the Foxglove,
Colchicum, meadow [Clover, and other plants, is no
longer used for such, but given to a colour that I
should call indigo with a faint tint of red. Rose is
not the roseus of botanists, nor violet the violaceus.
A few years ago I was labelling my Dahlias and had
called one of them rose. A lady on reading it
remarked that that was quite wrong. I took the flower
to a flower show a few days after, and got the opinion
of forty-four different people upon it, and was amazed
at the result, and convinced that a knowledge of
colour was very rare, or perhaps I should say that
the nomenclature of colours is known to very few.
At this time of the year there is not sufficient
light for the purpose, but my attention has been
recalled to the subject by the inaccuracy of the colour
studies issued by the National Society for infant
schools, and by the following extract respecting violet
in Chevreul on Colours, by Spanton, p. 188, 1S61 : —
*' A screen composed of violet and white Lilacs the
leaves of the violet Lilac being of a less yellow-green
than those of the white Lilac, we may alternate one
or more plants of violet Lilac with one plant of white
lilac." Now this is from an author who writes
expressly on colours. I do not know which is the
typical species from which the term violet was taken,
but feel sure that no English botanist would use it of
the Lilac. P.

Fig. 121.— an oblate apple, (see p. 688.)

for the last two seasons, and shanking has not been
observed. This year several of the bunches were
3 lb. each, large in berry, of good colour, and fine in
flavour. Shanking does not always follow heavy or
over-cropping, for I have seen Grapes which failed to
colour well without a shanked berry. On the other
hand, I have seen light crops where shanked berries
were plentiful. The inference, therefore, to be drawn

Fig. 122.— an ovate apple, (see p.

getting should be taken every advantage of to do
what is necessary to all trees and bushes, as now that
the leaves are off there is no reason for any further
delay, for the blossom-buds are all formed and up,
and any one can see where to cut. Pears are quite
studded, and therefore an excellent chance is afforded
to reduce the length of the spurs, which may be done
with safety, as they are sure to break back again, and

Thladiantha dubia. — In re
Lynch's communication in last
Chronicle^ p. 661, on the fruiting
the Cambridge Botanic Garden,
Mr. Lynch and your readers
dubia fruited in Mr. Hanbury's
in 1870, where I saw it on a
fruits, which I have preserved
agree perfectly with Mr. Lynch';
R. Jackson,

ference to with Mr.

week's Gardeners^

of certain plants at

I may inform

that Thladiantha

garden at Clapham

south wall. The

in the Museum,

s description, yohn

Herbaceous Phloxes. — It would much interest
many readers who are small growers of these beautiful
hardy plants if they could learn how to induce the
seed to grow. It is provoking to find plants,
as this year, producing a good quantity of seed,
and yet be unable to induce it to germinate.
Perhaps some of our trade groA'ers are in the secret,

694

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[NoVEMfefiR 2^, i834t

for they either here or on the Continent raise seed-
lings, but whether their success is due to some special
mode of ferlilipaiion of the flowers or whatever be the
reason at least some results are assured. I have been
told that Phlox seed will germinate if sown as
soon as ripe ; that means sown, of course, in the
autumn^ or about this time. That experiment is, of
course, easily tiied, but the suggestion is discounted
by the fact, al least as far as my experience Qoes, lh;it
self-sown plants are rare. Perhaps the seed, though
so large and plump, and looking so good, is really in-
feitile, and will only be fertile when the various
blooms producing seed have been carefully crossed
with other pollen. These are matters upon which
sound infoimalion would be acceptable. We can
increase herbaceous Phloxes fast enough by division
and cuttings, but many who, like myself, have few
sorts, and want greater variety, would like to secure
a batch of seedlings if possible, because of the interest
attached to raising them, and the additional beauty
that may result. I have a nice lot of seed just
gathered, yet not cleaned out, and I would fain let it
so remain until I can— as I hope to do— learn some-
thing about the surest method of inducing it to grow
when sown. I should like to see the Phlox more
fully appreciated, for it is one of the most beautiful
of our hardy plants. A.

Elcombe's Improved Parsnip, — As a first-class
Parsnip none can excel the above for exhibition or
domestic purposes. I have tried several others, but
have discarded them all except this one. As regards
shape it is everything that could be wished for — very
clean, and wiih a very small neck. I have just
measured an average sized one, which measured
15 inches in circumference and 21 inches in length.
Were this Parsnip better known it would be in almost
every collection of vegetables. I have grown it for
the last three years, and can, therefore, recommend
it. F. S.

Seaside Shrubs.— There can hardly be prettier
small gardens in our climate than those in Cornwall,
if they are taken as a whole. Nurserymen's lists
are to a great extent the authority to the many as to
what plants are hardy and what are not. Happily
nurserymen know this fact well, and many furnish
excellent lists of seaside shrubs. Again, our thanks
cannot but be due to men like the Pauls, Mr. Barr,
and the late Mr. Rivers, who have made one flower,
or one branch of horticulture their special aim. I
think I would rather be the man who knows most
about Daffodils than the man who knows most about
Milton. But there are many shrubs not emphasised
or even mentioned in trade catalogues that might be
grown in seaside gardens from Bournemouth to
Marazion, Among them are Desfontainea spinosa,
Embothrium coccineum, Chimonanthus fragrans,
Benthamia fragifera, and various of the Myttnceae ;
such shrubs as Ceanothus azureus, generally used for
walls, also make nice compact bushes. The lists
again nearly all include Griselinia littoralis, but never
a word about G. lucida, the bright glittering foliage of
which is very conspicuous. The hardier Chamsrops
ought to be in every sheltered garden in South Devon
and Cornwall, as well as the New Zealand Draccenas ;
and for variegation the different forms of OAmanthus
and Elceagnus can with safety be tried. Conifers can
be well represented by Cephalotaxus drupacea, Scia-
dopilys verticillata, Arthrotaxus selaginoides, and
Cupressus Lindleyana ; and I have yet to see a
prettier thing than a large Hydrangea bush, blue-
flowered, against a background of the bright green of
Cupressus macrocarpa. This is a note hurriedly
written on the spur of the idea ; but that villa gardens
have not the richness of foliage and freshness of tint
they can have is indisputable. C. A. M. C.

Allotment Extension. — The provisions of the
Allotment Extension Act have brought the question
at last fairly within the region of practical politic==.
The subject is engaging the atlention of many earnest
thinkers and practical men, foremost among whom
are Lord Carringlon and Mr, Jesse Ceilings. It is a
matter of the utmost importance and urgency in these
times of agricultural depression to put within the
reach of the laliourer the means of adding directly to
his income, and contributing materially to the health
and comfort of his family. It is a question of national
importance, moreover ; so much being added by well
directed industry on allotment gardens to the wealth
of the country, to its food supply, to the well-being
and conteniedrcss of its rural communities, and the
profitable employment of time which would otherwise
be lost. As the secretary for twenty years and more
of an allotment society in this village I can Speak from
experience, and although, as is invariably the case, it
is diflicult or impossible to get at exact figures in the
case, yet I will venture to assert, without fear of
refutation, that an allotment of 15 poles, well and
intelligently worked, is capable of adding from 7 to
10 per cent, lo a Inbourer's earnings. Let us supfiose
that every obstacle to a wide extension of ihe allot-
ment system both in rural and suburban distiicts is

removed, how can the fact be best communicated to
those immediately concerned ? First I would respect*
fully suggest to the Society of which Mr. Jesse
Cnlljngs is the President, that cheap reprints of the
Act be circulated gratuitously among labourers' asso-
ciations, accompanied by suggestions as to how best
to overcome dif^culties which may arise in acquiring
the land. Secondly, that similar papers be issued to
secretaries of political clubs on both sides, as this is
no question of party politics. Thirdly, to secretaries
of horticultural and cottage garden societies ; and,
fourthly, to the triumvirate of the village — the parson,
the squire, and the schoolmaster. Each of these genile-
men should make themselves conversant with the pro-
visions of the Act, they would confer a great boon
upon the labourer by assisting him to obtain a plot of
land. It may not be generally known that when ihe
Trustees of Charity Lands refuse to give the required
notice as to the land to be let, a cottager may make
application to the County Court Judge, whose order
shall have the same effect as if issued by a superior
law court. There is another aspect of the question,
however, which does not seem to have engaged atten-
tion, and yet it is an important factor. It seems to
be taken for granted that the infant Hodge is born
with a spade in his hands, and acquires instinctively
a knowledge of gardening from the mere fact of being
born and bred on the land. The labourer does not
lay claim even to the slightest knowledge of the how
and why of fanning. Gardening is the highest deve-
lopment of farming ; how, therefore, can he under-
stand it? He does not, cannot understand it unless
he be led to do so by systematic and intelligent teach-
ing on the land itself. No so-called ''scientific agri-
culture " will enable him to do this. It cannot be
taught by lectures and books, nor can even certified
masters and mistresses in town Board Schools teach
it. Let elementary horticulture form an essential
subject of instruction in rural schools, each school
being provided with the means of demonstrating by
practice the truth of the theory advanced. Provide
each school with a garden ; it would be useful and
valuable as an instrument for developing and strength-
ening the powers of observation in the pupil, as well
as a means of affording him systematic and technical
instruction in the work whereby he must earn his
bread. Then, and not till then, will the allotment
system become fully appreciated by the labourer.
Too often at present the cultivation of the plot of
land is only a wearisome prolongation of his hours of
labour, and what might be a pleasurable recreation,
varied and interesting in its execution and profitable
in its outcome, is simply a coarse and wearisome
*' Taler garden," utterly devoid of interest and attrac-
tiveness at seasons when a garden is most valued.

T. ir.

A Method of Growing Eucharis amazonica.
— So much has been written from time to time on the
culture of this much esteemed plant that anything
farther would almost seem superfluous, and yet I fear
there are many cultivators whose only reward is a
crop of leaves. Having grown the plant successfully
for some years I offer these remarks for those who may
not be favoured with the best convenience, yet if, like
myself, they have a warm plant stove, with a little
management they can command success, and convert,
perhaps, a hitherto unsightly part of the house into
something useful. My plants are always grown on
the floor of this structure wherever there is room, the
pots standing near the hot-water pipes, where the
roots get plenty of heat, the tops, of course, getting
some daylight — distance from the glass is no object.
When in flower they are placed in a cooler house, or
perhaps used to decorate rooms. Last year two of
my plants in 7 i^ich pots had nine spikes of bloom
each, averaging six flowers on each spike. I have
now one plant with seven spikes, others with fewer,
the plants always flowering freely. C>ne point with
me is to pot seldom, and, if necessary, just give a sire
larger, not disturbing the ball, unless I wish to
increase the stock. I then shake right out and put
about three bulbs in a 6-inch pot, using any good
soil with a little rotten manure. Another point — and
perhaps the most important — is water. I scarcely
ever water my established plants at the root, but
merely sprinkle the large leaves wilh syringe, or rose
water-pot every time the house is damped during the
day. When the flower-spikes appear I vary trie
treatment, and give a little water at the root. The
plants which are shaken out I also water at the root
until they are established. C. Coitldrty^ VViltott^
SaHslmry,

Hedychiums in Cornwall. —The note on p. 627
from Mr. Bennett, of Menabilly, relating how luxuri-
antly H. Gardnerianum has grown and flowered with
him this season out-of-doors without special aids, is
amply borne out by what could be seen in other
Cornish gardens. As far up as Mount Edgcumbc,
within a stone's throw of the sea, the plant thrives,
flowers, and increases rapidly. And in many other
gardens in that warm county both it and H. corona-
lium may be seen. It seems, when in a soil and

position that suit, to prefer, like the Alslromerias, 10
be left lo grow at its own sweet will. One of the
most enjoyable times in Mr. Dorrien-Smith's home in
Scilly is when a large clump of H. flavum — which is
gradually spreading out further and further without
any let or hindrance being interposed from the base
of a wall — perfumes ihe entire vicinage. Indeed,
when Lipageria rosea and Ilabrolhamnus fasciculaiis
are hardy in Cornwall, there seems lo be no limit as
to what plants and shrubs may be exposed to its more
favourable climate. C. A, M. Carmidiacl,

The Apple Crop in Hereford.— Although (he
Apple crop of the United Kingdom for this year is
much below the average, still in this localiiy, notwith-
standing the heavy crop of last year, it has been a
good average, the size and (jualily nf the fruit being
all that could be desired. Ttie reason for this, I think,
is partly due to that undulated surface of the country
which render the scenery so picturesque, and gives a
great variety of aspects, hence the ease with which
good sites for orchards can be selected and which in
most places has been done wiih good judgment. An-
other reason may be found in the improvements made
in their cultivation, which it is very gratifying lo
observe. The trees are carefully pruned, good sorts
are planted, indifferent ones, if vigorous, are lopped
and grafted with better one?, or if they lack vigour
they are rooted out to make room for others. In
gralting a lopped tree it has been found a good plan
not lo cut it down loo close, but lo level the stumps
of the principal branches and to put two grafts on
each; a tree so treated in a few year.s will form a fruitful
crown. Noticeable amongst the fine specimens this
year is Blenheim Orange, one of the best, and one
which does well in this part. There can
be no reason why acres of this variety
should not be planted wherever it succeeds.
It has been said with truth that when planted in
orchards it is such a strong grower that it takes many
years to come into a fruiting state, but there is a
remedy for this, viz., root-pruning ; but I dare "^ay in
the long run it will be found to be as remunerative lo
let their roots alone, as they will grow quicker and
when they attain a large size they will make up for
lost time. To show that Blenheim Orange can be
made to produce fruit while young, I will relate my
experience with it. I had three bush trees planted
six years ago in the kitchen garden here, along with
some other varieties, which grew very strongly but did
not yield any fruit ; two years ago I had them lifted
right out of the ground, root-pruned, and re-planted ;
and this year the result is most satisfactory, as they
have borne a heavy crop of fine fruit, and equally as
heavy as other free bearing sorts, such as Lord Suf-
field, Worcester Pearmain, Stirling Castle, &c.,
which were operated upon at the same time. I doubt
not if intelligent root-pruning or lifting were more era-
ployed in the garden and orchard this and other
varieties that are considered shy bearers would no
longer be thought so. Roderick FiaH'>\ The I'pper
Hall Gardens^ Ledbury.

ABBEY PARK, LEICliSTER.

This beautiful place has been laid out by Messrs.
Barron & Sons, of IJorrowash, and the neatly arranged
flower-beds are skilfullydesigned. Mr. "Burn, the super-
intendent, has done much to improve the grounds,
and has given the Leicester public much pleasure by
using suitable plants and effective plans for the
adornment of the park and gardens.

The annual number of bedding plants used exceeds
250,000, and Mr. Burn has studied the plants best
adapted for the position and climate of Leicester,
so that great credit is due to him for the display
achieved.

Carpet bedding was well done, especially around the
pavilion ; there was also a fine bed in close proximity
to this, and beds of subtropical and succulents
equally well done, attracted the attention of the thou-
sands who visited the Park during the season.

The arrangements of the remaining decorative
features are worthy of note, as harmony of colour has
received great attention. The borders are filled with
herbaceous plants, alpincs, and hardy and lender
annuals that imparl a pleasing appearance. There
is a large lake which adds to the beauties of the
scenerj ; its area is about 3 acres, whilst that of the
park is nearly 60 acres. The Koyal Oak, planted
on the occasion of the opening of the Park by ll.K.H
the Princess of Wales, od May 29, 1SS2, is doing
well, and if all the trees planted by the same hands
are doing as well as this one, some of them must
be fine trees ere now.

It is gratifying to know that the many visitors to
this beautiful park cause very little damage to the
trees, grass, or shrubs. //. Otitram,

NoVfiMfiER i9, 1S84.]

THE GARDEN EkS' CHRONICLE.

695

lis

wnifu%.

Reading Chrysanthemum : A'cr*. 14. — The
increasing iiUerest laken in llie cuUiirc of ihe Chrysan-
ihcmuni is shown nol only in ihe cstaljtibhnu-nt of new
bocielies in various pans of the counlry, but alsa in ihc
marked improvement made this year in not a few that
arc old to the lovers of this flower.

TlanTS. — Some idea of ihe coinpetilion that ensued
may be gleaned from the fact thai there wire leu enlries
for the best collection of Chrysanlheniunis. planls occu-
pying a space nut exceeding 50 feel. The schedule
stated " to be stiown as grown." tmi ihis did nol prevent
trained planls from being staged ; lliese groups were
placed round the sides of the hall al intervals. The bc?t,
composed entirely of upright grown pbnts, c.inie from
Mr. Brooker. gr. to R. Tompkins, lisq , Reading ; and
not only was the group well arranged, but the bloonis
were of fine quality, consisting ol bolli incurved and
lapanesc, while the plants were well grow n. Mr. Basket,
gr. to \V. 1. Palmer, Esq., Reading, was 2d, widi a col-
lection coming very near to Mr. Brotikcr's in point of
quality ; 3d, Mr. Ashby, gr. to W. Fanning, Ksq ,
Whitchurch, also with well grown and flowered plants.
Extra prizes were awarded to Mr. Turlon, gr. to John
Hargreaves, Esq , Maiden Erleigh ; and Nlr. Hatch,
gr. to S. B. Stephens. Esq.. Reading. The best nine
specimens of large-flowering Chrysanthemums cnme from
Mr. Farey, gr. to C. Shepherd, ICsq., Woodley Hills,
Reading, who had nice medium-sized specimens trained,
including Japanese, of Red Dragon. La Nymphe, Mrs.
Dixon, Golden Christine, Empress of China. Lady Har-
dinge Howard, William Long, and Reverie ; 2d, Mr.
Ashby, who had upright plants with several stems
carrying good heads of bloom, the leading varielies being
Pink Venus, George Glenny, Virgin Queen, and General
Bainbrigge ; 3d, Mr. Surman, gr. to C. H. Witherington,
Esq., Reading. Mr. Brooker had the best six plants,
staging good upright grown specimens of Mrs. Halli-
burton, Barbara, Pink Perfection. Hero of Stoke Xew-
ington, Peter the Great, and a white variety unnamed ;
2d. Mr. Baskett ; 3d, Mr. Jones, nurseryman, Henley-
on-Thames. Mr. Turlon had the best three specimens,
consisting of Cossack. Mr. ForsyUi. and John Salter ;
2d, Mr, Mayne, gr. to Miss Moon. Reading. The best
three standards came from Mr. Farey, who had well
grown and flowered examples ; 2d, ^i^. Bridge, gr. to
J. F. Hall, Esq.. Erleigh Court ; 3d. Mr. Parham, gr.
to H. Simonds. Esq., Reading. Tne best six pompon
Chrysanthemums came from Mr. Ashby, who had large
untrained specimens, well grown and flowered, consisting
of Fanny, Rosinante, Salaman, St. Michael, La \'ogue,and
Mustapha ; 2d, Mr. Farey. with fairly good specimens of
the same slvle ; Mr. Bridge being 3d, witli trained speci-
mens that had been much disbudded, and carried a few
very fine flowers.

Cur Bloom:5. — In all the classes for these there was
an excellent competition. In the leading class for
eighteen incurved varieties, Mr, K. W. Flight, ofTwy-
ford, Hants, a noted grower, was 1st, with a very fine
lot of flowers ; 2d, Mr. W. R. Strong, Wellington Col-
lege, who had also capital examples ; 3d, Mr. Wills, gr.
10 Mr. Pearce, Bassett, Southampton. The best twelve
varieties came from Mr. J. Strong, gr. to H. Sweet,
Esq., Dorney House, Weybridge. who had very fine
blooms ; 2d, Mr. Farey ; 3d, Mr. Munday, Basingstoke,
In the class for six incurved varielies, Mr. William Wild-
smith, of Heckfield Gardens, added to his long list of
triumphs that of coming to the fore as a highly suc-
cessful cultivator of Chrysantheniums, showing favourite
varieties, all well finished ; 2d. Mr. Kendall, gr. to
H. L. Holland, Esq., Roehamplon, S \V. ; 3d, Mr.
Baskelt. Mr. Elliott, gr. to T. Hibbert, Esq:,
Braywick, Maidenhead, had the best twelve refle.\cd
Chrysanthemums, staging very fine blooms ; 2d, Mr.
Redditch, gr. to Mr. Paire, Esham, who had fine blooms
also ; 3d, Mr. Baskett, who staged some Japance
varieties of a reflexed character. Mr. F. W, Flight had
the best six reflexed flowers, staging admirable examples ;
2d, Mr, Wills ; 3d, Mr. W. Wildsmilh. Japanese
blooms were grandly shown, and so numerous that
there were thirteen stands competing in the class for
twelve varieties. Mr. F. W. Flrght had the best, large,
full, and well coloured ; 2d, Mr. W. R. Strong, who had
excellent blooms; 3d, Mr, J. Strong. Mr. Wildsmilh
was again to the fore with six blooms, having superb
examples ; 2d, Mr. Kendall ; 3d, Mr. Baskell. The
large flowered Anemone varielies were well shown, the
besi six coming from Mr. Page. gr. to A. Southard, Esq. ,
Bracknell; 3d, Mr. House, gr. to J. O. Taylor, Esq ,
Reading. Pompon Chrysanthemums were shown in
charming bunches— unfortunately we omitted to take the
name of the winner of the ist piiz^ ; 2d, Mr, \W. Wild-
smith ; 3d, Mr. Kendall.

Taijle DEroKArioNS, &c.— Pi'zes were offered for
the best bouquet of Chrysanthemums, about lo inches in
diameter, with the addition of any fohagc. Here Mr.
George Phippen, thewell-known Reading floral decorator,
of the Oxford Road Nursery, was ist, with a bouquet
worthy of a much higher prize than was offered; Mr.
Wildsmilh coming in 2d, with a charming posy also ;
Mr. Kendall being 3d. Mr. Phippen also had the best
basket of Chrysanthemums, which was relieved by
Maidenhair Fern, Cyperus aUernifoUus, grasses, &c. ; Mr,
L. Williams, Hazeldean, Ealing, being 2d. These two
were severally ist and 2d in tlie class for an epergne of
Chr\-santhemums, Mr. Phippens being worked out in
excellent taste. In addition, Mr. Phippen set up, nol
lor competition, a table Jaden with bouquets, wTealhs,

crosses, made \\iih choice flowers ; stands of bunches of
Chrysantheumms, &c., which was one of the features of
the exhibition, and was Highly Commended.

MisccLL.VNEors Pi.\NT.s, lS.c. — There wa.^ a tl-iss for
the best group of planls in pots, limited to 5) feet, Mr,
Parham being 1st, Mr. C}. PJiippen 2d, and Mr. B-iskr^tt
^d. These formed a pleasing feature at one end of the
lown Hall. Mr, Parham had the best six pl.ints suit-
able for tabic decoration.

Fkuii". — There was a very good display of fruit for
the season, especially of Apples. The best six dishes
came from Mr. Turton, who had good Lady Downe's
and Muscat ol Alexandria Graphs, King Pippin AppL'S,
B"urre Diel Pears, Medlars, and Filberts, ike, a very
nice lot indeed. The best six distie^ of .Apples (four
dfssert and two kitchen) came from Mr. riirton, who
had excellent examples of Rib^tun i'ippin. King of
Pippins, Cox's Orange Pippin, Court Pcn:Iu I'lat,
Prince Albert, and More de Menage; 2d, Mr. Hermon,
gr. to F. S. Kurray, Esq., Reading, who had King of
Pippins, Scarlet Pearmain, Ribston I'ippin, Blenheim
Orange. Wellington, and Derby ; 3d, Mr. Maber, gr.
to A, Walerhouse, I'sq,, Nattcnden. Mr, Turton was
the only exhibitor of six dishes of Pears, staging Catillac,
Bourre Bachelier. Triomphe de Jodoignc, B^urro Diel,
Beurre Clairgeau, and Bcurre d'Aremberg. The best
two bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes came from
Mr. Ashby. The best two of Gros Colmar came from
Mr. Iggulden, Marston Gardens, Frome. The best two
bunches of any other black were Barbarossa, shown by
Mr. Turton ; Mr. Iggulden being 2d, with Alicante.
Mr. Turton had the best two bunches of While Muscats,
Mr. Rose, of Lockinge Park Gardens, being 2d. In the
class for any other while kind Mr. Turton was ist, with
Trebbiano ; Mr. Iggulden being 2d, with Mrs. Pearson,
somewhat /(7JJ('', and quite small in b?rry.

the bunches "of good size, and berries black as Sloes.
Also he showed six bunches of Ahcante finely finished
The best two bunches ot Grapes in competition were
capilall)- liniblied .\lic;intes, from Mr. Munro, and ihe
2d best good, though nol fully coloured, Gros <.'o!mar,
from Mr. O. Heckle, Orleans llouse. Mr. Trussler had
the best lour dishes of Apples in Blenheim, C'ox's
Orange and Fearn's Pippins, and Line's Prince Albert.

N'kcictaiilks —Mr. J. Wild, gr. to J. J. Mackintosh,
Twickenham, had the best six vegetables, c.tpMal
samples. Mr. Charles Garrod. gr. to J. R. Tindall,
Es(i , Oxford Road, was ad, also with a nice lot. .\
grand dispUy of vegetables and fruit was set up by Mr.
W. Pouparl, market grower, of Twickenham, thai
included wonderful examples of Clayworlh and M.iikel
Red Celeries, fine Caulillowers. huge Parsnips, Turnips,
i.abbagcs, Seakale, Carrots, Potatos in several soils.
Radishes, and ^ great v.nriety of other products,
all of the finest qualily. A very good show of vegetable
also came from Mr, Cooiubs, Sheen llouse Gardens,
that merited high commendation.

Twickenham Horticultural. — The autumn show
of Chrysanthemums promoted by this Society was held
in the spacious Town Hall buildings on the iSth and
i9lh, and proved to be a very attractive and successful
gathering. A very prominent feature in the hall
was a large round group of various decorative plants,
arranged with excellent effect beneath a lofty Palm, and
the erteet was much enhanced by the addition of
numerous Pampas plumes projecting from the plants.
On either side of the entrance to the hall were arranged
on long tables collections of the beautilul Cyclamens for
which Twickenham is so famous. These came Irom
Mr. R. Clarke, and Mr. Walker, of Whitton, and
were superbly grown and bloomed. A very neat
lot of Cyclamens were also staged by Mr. Warren,
of Isleworth. The groups of Chrysanthemums in
pots were generally excellent, and six in number,
and made the sides of the hall exceedingly gay. The
best, a well grown and very fresh flowered lot
of plants, came from Mr. J. Parsons, gr. to T. Twining,
Esq., Twickenham; Mr, Munro, gr. to E. D. PauU,
Esq. , Twickenham, was 2d, with a capital lot of
plants, but the blooms, previously so good, were a little
stale ; Mr, Gallows, gr. to J. J. P'lack, Esq., Twicken-
ham, was 3d ; and Mr, G, Coombs, Sheen House,
Mortlake, was 4th. The best six trained plants came
from Mr. Sallows, who had good examples of Prince
Alfred, Mrs. Halliburton, Cloih of Gold, Mrs. Dixon,
Mr. G. Glenny, and Mrs. Rundle ; Mr. G. Trussler was
2d, with smaller but good plants. Mr. Trussler had the
best flat basket of plants, in an effective and gay arrange-
ment, in a nice centre Palm, supported by Poinsetlias,
Chinese Primulas, Pelargoniums, and other flowering
plants, dressed willi Ferns ; Mr. G. Filsell, gr. to J. R.
Gleave, Esq., Twickenham, was 2d. A novel class was
found in six plants of Epiphyllam truncatum, in bloom,
but the only lot. dwarf, though well bloomed plants,
came irom Mr. Munro. A lot of eight plant';, from Mr,
Baker, of Plumstead, in 485, and on stems some 9 inches
in height, showed what was desired and how beautiful a
class might result were a few half dozens to be found at
autumn exhibitions. The best six Bouvardias, plants
3 feet in height and superbly bloomed, came from Mr.
Munro, showing also how beautiful a class these
might make. Then there was a class for six Scarlet Pelar-
goniums, the donor of the prizes specially stipulat-
ing for the rich colour. The best lot, all in 32's,
and really splendidly flowered, came from Mr.
Parsons, and were all Henry Jacoby. showing what
a grand winter bloomer this fine kind is. Mr. Munro
had the 2d best lot in Wonderful and Wsuvins,
dwarf neat plant?. Mr. Munro had the best six trtblc
planls; Mr. Parsons and Mr. Filsell following in that
order. A \ery beautiful lot of Tree Carnations, habits
dwarf, and full of wood and bloom, came from Messrs.
Hooper -'^ Co., of Twickenham, as also did a splendid
while flowered wreath, Mr, Filsell had the prettiest
dressed stand of flowers in the open class, and
Mrs. Alfrey took the Challenge Cup offered by Mr.
Stearns for the best stand for table decoration, with a
very elegantly-dressed epergne that wa^ greatly admired.
Both these stands had the special merit of being
dressed with few rather than many flowers. A prettily
dressed stand, made up of hardy leaves, flowers, and
berries, from Mr. Chapman, Hampton Road, deservedly
earned the prize in its class. Mr. W, Furne, of Ted-
dinglon, was the leading exhibitor of cut blooms in
Japanese incurved. Anemone, and pompons, all excep-
tionally good. Messrs. Sallows, Munro, and Trussler,
also show ed good flowers. A fine lot of some seven doz^n
blooms were staged by Mr. Bates, of Poulett Lodge,
who also had good Muscat and Black Alicante Grapes
and other fruits.

Fruits. — Mr. Wright, gr. to Lady Freake, Twicken-
liHin, had four Vines in stnall tubs, finely fruited,

Birmingham Chrysanthemum, — This magnifi-
cent exhibition was held on the I'jlh and joth, in the
Birmingham Town 1 lall, eclipsing entirely all other
similar displays held in the same place in other years,
both in the mimber of .^nd the general superiority of the
exhibits, evidence if any were needed, that the Chrysan-
themum is making rapid strides in popular esteem.
One cannot praise too highly the cut blooms of
Chrysanthcnuims as a whole, while some series were
perfection. Of course the most exciting class was the
one provided for forty-eight distinct blooms, for which
the liberal award of ^10 was offered as a ist prize,
the remaining awards being upon the same liberal
scale, and although it only brought four competitors into
the field, yet flowers of the first order were staged. Mr.
J. Jellieo's flowers were declared to be models of beauty,
and the encomium was especially due, when we consider
the same exhibitor's success in other large classes. The
plants in pots were well done, dwarf and healthy, and well
flowered, alhough mostly with too many flowers to allow
of a good si/.e being attained, and the training of others
was rigid, yet on the whole they did the growers much
credit. Chinese Primroses were finely shown, being
much encouraged by the special prizes offered, and rich-
ness of colour, abundant bloom, and si/.e of flowers
being remarked in most cases. The display of fruit was ■
very fine, and most of the classes were well contested.
We regret being unable to give the awards in one or
two very full classes, as the work of adjudication, which,
by the way, was heavy, was nol finished when we left,
but the most important awards were chronicled. All the
best and largest classes were open ones, and the prizes
liberal ; the result showing the wisdom of the arrange-
ment—one that might be adopted with advantage by
other Societies, The principal classes and prize-winners
are given below, in the order in which they appear in the
schedule.

Plants in Pots. — Nine Chrysanthemums, dissimilar,
in which three lots were striged. — ist, II. II. Hill, Esc) ,
Edgbaston (gr., Mr. Wm. Doughty), with a good, even
set of plants, about 3 feet through, and averaging thiriy-
five to forly flowers upon each plant ; 2d, Mr. J. Crook,
Kd^baston, whose lot was also good, but a sameness ot
colour detracted from their otherwise good points ; 3d,
T. Martineau, Esq., Edgbaston (gr.. Mr. O. Brasier).
In the class for six dissimilar varieties, Mr. Brasier w^s
well to the front with excellent plants ; 2d. E. H.
Elkington. Esq., Edgbaston (gr.. Mr. T. Day), who
stiged fine plants ; with a grand plant of Mrs. G.
Rundle. Mr, Brasier took the lead in the class for one
plant. For six pompons, dissimilar, the same exhihitcr
gained ist honours ; while for three distinct pompons
the ist prize was awarded to Mr. T. Day, all e.tcelleni
and most profusely flowered plants, about 3 feet
across.

Cut Flowers, — Forly-eight distinct varieties, itwcn'y
four incurved and twenty-four Japanese, the 1st pnze
being ^10. The judges took great pains to adjudicate
wilh imparliality, and there is no doubt the ist honour
was rightly given to Mr. I. Jellico, gr. to F. H. Gossagc,
I'^sq., Woolton, Liverpool, whose stands were magmh-
cenl, with scarcely a weak flower in them ; the fine:;!
were — Jipanese ;— Fair Maid of Guernsey, Boule d'Or.
Triomphe de la Rue du Chatelet, Baron de Frailly,
Criterion, M. C. Andiguier, Japonaise, Meg Merrilie:^,
M. Desbreau, Balmoreana, Elaine, Peter the Great,
R. Bdlanline, Ethel, j. Delaux, Mons. .\rdenne. Comic
de (icnniny, Ceres. 1^1. Jacotol, La Nymphe, Flamrne
de Punch, Thunberg, Dr. Macray, and Triomphe du
Nord, Incurved. :is follows : — Alfred Sailer. pMnces> of
Wales, Sir S. Carey, E-upress of India, Prince A fred.
Golden Empress. (Jueen of England. Jeanne d'Arc, Emily
Dale, Cherub, Hero of Stoke Newinglon, Jardin des
Plantes, Princess of Teck. Mr. Howe, Lady Hardinge,
Barbara, Mrs. Shipman. Beauly, Refulgence, Eve, Prin-
cess Beatrice, Mrs. Heale, Mr. Cullingford, and Mabtl
Ward. Princess of Wales, Jeanne d'Arc. and Princess
of I'eck could not be staged in finer trim. Mr. A.
Barker, gr. to Sir H. Allsopp, Bart., was 2d ; while the
^d and 4th prizes were awarded to Mr. G. Neal, gr. lo
P. Southby, Esq., Hampton ; and Mr. W. Comfort,, gr.
10 G. A. Everett, Esq., Knowles, in the order named ;
Mr. Barkers collection was also excellent, and we
specialise the following as being the finest : — Empress
of India, Lord Alcester, and Mrs. Heale, in the incurved
class ; with Peter the Great and Mons. Ardenne in the
Japanese group. In the class for twenty-four blooms, twelve
incurved and twelve Japanese, Mr. Jellico was again ist,
while Mr. A. Barker was 2d, and Mr. W. Comfort 3d.
Eighteen blooms, incurved, distinct.— ist, Mr. [. Jellico,

696

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

again staging a most excellent series of flowers, for the
most part the same varieties as in other collections, and
especially noticeable was Jeanne d' Arc, Princess Beatrice,
Refulgence, and Mrs. Heale ; Mr. W. Comfort and Mr.
W. Dyer, gr. to J. Marigold, Esq., Edgbaston. were 2d
and 3d respectively ; the 2d collection contained splendid
flowers of Jeanne d'Arc, Hereward, and White Venus.
For twelve blooms, Japanese varieties, Mr. Jellico again
beat all his opponents, having a splendid stand, com-
prising varieties seen in his other stand ; 2d, Mr. A.
Barker ; 3d, Mr. W. Comfort— the blooms in each being
similar to those observed in other collections, and which
we cannot specify. In the class for twelve Anemone-
flowered varieties Mr. A. Barker headed the list, but
even here the redoubtable Mr. Jellico ran him very hard.
Good blooms of the following were staged : — Madame
Cabrol, Gluck, Fleur de Marie, and Georges Sand. 3d,
Mr. G. Neal. There was keen competition in the class
provided for twelve blooms incurved varieties, distinct,
grown within three miles of Stephenson's Place, the
premier position being gained by Mr. W. Dyer, gr. to
J. Marigold, Esq., in whose collection were first-class
flowers of Barbara, Prince Alfred, and Princess of Wales ;
2d and 3d respectively Mr. J. Palmer, gr. to F. Madeley,
Esq., Handsworth, and Mr. J. Hughes, gr. to A. F.
Osier, Esq., Edgbaston.

Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers. — Twelve
Primulas, single. — ist, Messrs. Pope & Son, nursery-
men, King's Norton, the same firm being ist in the
class for six, as well as in that provided for six doubles,
the prize in the latter case being gained by staging beau-
tiful examples of these useful winter flowers ; the 2d
prize in this class lell to Mr. H. Jackson, gr. to the Rev.
G, Kittoe, Boldmead Vicarage. Twelve cut Camellias,
not less than three varieties. — ist, Messrs. Perkins, of
Coventry ; 2d, Mr. E. Gilman, gr. to the Earl of Shrews-
bury and Taltaot ; 3d, Mr. J. Freeman, gr. to Z. Walker,
Esq. Twelve Cyclamens. — ist, with a splendid dozen,
mostly white or delicate colours, Mr. E. Cooper, gr, to
the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., the same exhi-
bitor gaining the same position in another class for six,
Mr. W. Doughty being 2d.

Classes for Amateurs and Gentlemen's Gar-
deners.—Twelve Primulas.— 1st. Mr. G. Caldicott,
gr. to W. Matthews, Esq., Edgbaston. Nine plants, in
or out of flower. — ist. Mr. G. Brasier, gr. to T. Mar-
tineau, Esq., with a very fine group of fine-foliaged and
flowering plants. Of the latter special mention may be
made of Eucharis amazonica, Plumbago rosea, and Cal-
licarpa purpurea. The latter was especially attractive —
rarely has such a plant of it been shown. 2d, Mr. W.
Doughty, whose plants were mostly fine-foliaged, conse-
quently they lacked the brightness of the leading group.
For six foliage plants. — Mr. W. Dyer was ist, staging
splendid examples of Areca austraUs and Croton majes-
ticus ; 2d, Mr. E. Cooper ; 3d, Mr. T. Day. For
three Poinsettias. — Mr. Dyer was ist, with splendidly
finished plants, while Mr. Brasier took the lead for three
pots of Mignonette ; and Mr. W. Doughty, 2d. For
a bank of natural grown Chrysanthemums the Society
offered special prizes, the ist being easily taken by Mr.
W. Dyer, who staged a very fine lot, including represen-
tatives of all the classes, some of them carrying first-
class flowers in profusion ; 2d, Mr. J. C. Nickley,
Smethwick ; 3d, Mr. S. Snow.

Fruit. — For a collection of six dishes, Grapes and
Pines excluded, Mr. A. Barker was ist with two dishes
of Apples, two of Pears, Medlars, and Strawberries ; 2d,
Mr. E. Gilman, gr. to Earl Shrewsbury, whose dishes
were also good ; 3d, Mr. ]. Bennett, gr. to Hon. C. H.
Wynne, of Corwen. In the class for three bunches of
black Grapes there were seven lots staged, the ist prize
falling to Mr. A. Barker, for splendid bunches of Black Ali-
cante; 2d, Mr. H. Thompson, gr. toW. Bassano, Esq.. Old
Hill, Birmingham, who staged good examples of Mere-
dith's Ahcante ; 3d, Mr. H. Eraser, gr. to W. A. H.
Martin, Esq., Ledbury. For two bunches of white Mus-
cat Grapes, Mr. E. Gilman was ist for perfect examples
of Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Mr. A. Barker, with the
same variety ; 3d, M. J. Muncaster, gr. to W. H.
Wynn, Esq., Selby Oak. Two bunches of white Grapes,
not Muscat. — 1st, Mr. E. Gilman (name not given) ; 2d,
Mr. J. Freeman, with Duchess of Buccleuch. One Pine.
—Mr. J. Bennett, with a splendid example of Smooth
Cayenne; 2d, Mr. A. Barker, with a good Queen.
Twelve dishes of Apples, six dessert and six culinary. —
This was well contested, a large number of most meri-
torious lots being staged, but the ist position was taken
by Mr. W. Edwards, gr. to H. Higgins, Esq. ; 2d, Mr.
W. Green, Tenbury, with good dishes ; 3d, Mr. C.
Slade, Alcester. Twelve dishes of Pears in not less than
six distinct varieties. — ist, Mr. A. Barker, with fine
dishes of the following*: Prince Consort, Josephine de
Malines, OUver de Serres, Glou Morceau, Duchesse
d'Angouleme, Nouveau Poiteau, Beurre Diel, Easter
Beurre, Doyenn^ du Comice, Echassery, and Winter
Nelis ; 2d, Mr. R. Eraser; 3d, Mr. W. Green, each
being very fine.

Miscellaneous Exhibits, not for Competition.
— A charming group of plants, flowering and foliage,
were staged by Mr. W. Jones, gr. to C. E. Matthews,
Esq., in which was a magnificent plant of Erica hiemalis,
which deservedly obtained a special prize. Hard by this
was a most charmingly arranged group by Mr. Hans
Niemann, Barbourne Road, Edgbaston, consisting of
Poinsettias, Callas, Mignonette, Asparagus plumosus,
Ferns, and Palms ; but perhaps the most remarkable
was a splendid pan of Pratia littoralis crowded with its
small purple fruits, though it is to be regretted it was not
in a more prominent position. Messrs. Cannell iSc Sons, of
Swanley, had a grand display of their zonal Pelargoniums,
single Chrysanthenmms, and well flowered Chinese
Primroses: notable in the latter was Swanley Blue; in the

Pelargoniums especially attractive were the Queen of
the Belgians, a splendid single of the purest white, and a
double named Le Cygne, of the same character : both
are first-rate, and must become extremely popular
plants. Messrs. T. Hewitt & Co., of Solihull, staged
a grand and bright bank of zonal Pelargoniums, also
'Messrs. Pope&Son, King's Norton, who also stageda fine
lot of Poinsettias, Ferns, Bouvardias, &:c. Messrs. H.
Vertegans ili Son, Chad Valley Nurseries, made a fine
display of foliage and flowering plants in great variety ;
the wreaths and crosses shown by the same firm were in
perfect good taste. Messrs. Perkins, of Coventry, also
made a feature in the same direction, the resources of
both firms being evidently suitable for such productions.
Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., of Worcester, had a fine
lot of young Conifers and variegated shrubs in pots
bordered with upwards of forty dishes of excellent
Apples and Pears ; while Messrs. Blake & Mackenzie,
of Liverpool, did not forget to make the public aware of
the existence of their most valuable boxes for its parcels
post, as well as showing many other things useful to
gardeners and gardens. {Correspondent.)

Winchester Horticultural. — The second annual
Chrysanthemum and fruit show of the Winchester
Horticultural Society was held in the Guildhall on
November 18 and ig, and was a decided success, the
entries being numerous in the cut bloom and plant
classes. The arrangements were successfully carried out
by the courteous Hon. Secretaries, Messrs. Porter and
Colson. Mr. E. Hillier. nurseryman, Winchester,
showed a large group of miscellaneous plants, very
tastefully arranged, not for competition ; these,
and the collection of fruit shown by the same firm,
were a much admired addition to the show. Single
epergnes for table decoration, ladies only, were both
numerous and tastefully arranged, as is the case generally
at Winchester shows.

For the best collection of Chrysanthemums, good
quality and general effect to count most, there were
six entries. ist prize was awarded to Mr. W.
Neville, gr. to F. W. Flight, Esq., Cornstiles, Twy-
ford, Winchester, whose plants of incurved and
Japanese varieties bore fine solid blooms, the plants
being also well furnished with foliage, and the colours
evenly blended ; 2d, Mr. J. Wareham, gr. to Mrs. T.
Gunner, Winchester, who had plants with good blooms,
but whose plants were too crowded ; 3d, Mr. G.
Sergent, gr. to F. Birch, Esq., Winchester; 4th, Mr.
Astridge, gr. to W. B. Simmonds, Esq., Winchester.
For six plants of Chrysanthemums, distinct varieties,
Mr. W.Joy, nurseryman, Shirley, turned the tables on
his formidable rival, Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce.
Bassett, by beating him somewhat easily with plants that
were not so overblown, and whose colours were fresher ;
3d, Mr. A. Prouting. gr. to Miss Butler, Winchester.
For six Japanese plants Mr. W. Joy was again the
winner of the ist prize, with neat fresh plants, having a
profusion of bloom, of which the following were parti-
cularly noteworthy : — Peter the Great, Lady Selborne,
Sultana, and Hiver Fleuri. Mr. Wills gained 2d place,
with larger plants, but which were not so fresh ; 3d, Mr.
W. Dove, Shirley. For a single specimen Japanese Mr.
Wills secured the ist award, with a large well bloomed
plant of La Nymphe ; 2d, Mr. J. Wareham ; 3d. Mr.
W.Joy. For a single specimen, incurved or reflexed,
Mr. Wills was 1st, with a fine plant of Pink Venus ;
2d. Mr. Astridge ; 3d, Mr. W. Joy.

Cut Blooms. — Iwenty-four distinct varieties, eight
to be Japanese and sixteen incurved or reflexed. — Mr.
Molyneux, gr. to W. H. Myers, Esq., Swanmore Park,
Bishop's Waltham, easily took the lead, with blooms far
surpassing any other in size, form, and fre^^hness, com-
posed of the choicest varieties in the several sections.
Mr. Melville was 2d with an even stand of smaller
flowers very neatly set up ; 3d, Mr. E. Wills, with large
bloom slightly past their best. For twenty-four blooms,
in eighteen varieties, Mr. Molyneux followed up his pre-
vious success with blooms similar in character to those in
the preceding class ; Messrs. W. &G. Drover, nurserymen,
Farehani, were awarded 2d, and Mr. Neville 3d. For
twelve incurved blooms there were five entries, the prizes
being awarded in the order in which their names stand
to Messrs. Molyneux, Drover, and FlighL For twelve
Japanese blooms the competition was close, the flowers
all through being of high merit : Mr, Molyneux was
again ist, with large fresh blooms of great substance ;
Messrs. Drover followed close with other flowers as good ;
3d, Mr. Neville. For twelve reflexed, Mr. Molyneux
and the Messrs. Drover took the prizes in the order
named, followed by Mr. Wills. For twelve cut blooms,
not less than eight varieties of any kind, Mr. A. Brider,
gr. to Colonel Martin. Fareham, was ist with good
blooms; 2d, Mr. H. Munday, Basingstoke. For twelve
cut blooms, open only to those who had not previously
taken a prize tor cut blooms. — ist, Mr. J. Dauncey, gr,
to I. Bramstone Stane, Esq., Buckfield, Bixsingstoke ;
2d, Mr. E. Flight, Winchester; 3d, Mr. J. Budd, gr. to
J. Dalgety, Esq., Locklesly Hall, Romsey. For twelve
blooms (amateurs). — ist, Mr. J. B. Colson ; 2d, Mr. A.
Taylor.

For the best collection of fruit, not less than six
varieties, there was only one entry, that from Mr, Budd,
who was awarded 1st prize. For three bunches of
Grapes, distinct varieties, Mr. Molyneux was ist, with
good well finished examples ; 2d, Mr. E. Hillier. with
good bunches. For the heaviest bunch Mr. Molyneux
gained ist award, with Barbiirossa, 5 lb.

For the best miscellaneous groups of plants, arranged
for effect, space 8 feet by 8 feet, Mr. C. Axford, gr. to
C. M. Shipley, Esq., Twyford, easily gained ist honours
with a group arranged particularly neat, without being
too crowded. The plants used were Chrybanthenmms,
Poinsettias, Palms, Primulas, &c. [A Correspondent.)

Liverpool Horticultural.— The first Chry=anihe-
mum show in connection with the above flourishing
society was held in St. George's Hall, Nov. 25 and 26,
and however good it has been other years, they have
been quite eclipsed by this in every way. The number
of entries and collections staged were nmch larger, in-
deed in this respect the commiitee were perplexed to find
room for all the stands of cut blooms, a large series of
which had to be arranged upon forms in Iront of the
orchestra, in a position rather prejudicial to other
exhibits, but no other relief could be found, the spacious
hall being filled to overflowing, the vegetable and miscel-
laneous exhibits having to be placed in the corridor
outside. As, usual the cut bloom was generally of
great merit. Liverpool has gained a wide reputation
for incurved varieties, but this year the enthusiastic
growers were not content with partial honours, and
a most marvellous stride was made in the quality of
the Japanese varieties shown. It is doubtful whether
any finer blooms have been shown anywhere this season
than those in Mr. Mease's winning stand of thirty-six :
all round these were admitted to be perfect. Southern
growers of note admitted to us this fact, and there was
no gainsaying the statement. The display of cut
flowers was remarkable, and by far the larger por-
tion of them were staged in the finest condition, but
we may particularise those in the stands belonging
to Mr. W. Mease, gr. to C. W. Neumann, Esq., Wyn-
cote, AUerton ; also ihose staged by Mr G. Mease, and
Mr. J. Jellico: the latter took his chief honours at Birm-
ingham, nevertheless what he staged here were very fine.
The plants in pots, with the exception of the premiei
collection, in the chief classes of large flowered and
pompon varieties, were not quite up to the usual
standard, they being unfortunately rather past their
best, all the signs of good culture were evident enough,
but they of course lacked brightness. The miscellaneous
plants in pots made in themselves a very interesting and
bright display, but perhaps the feature of the show
in this respect was the magnificent bank ot
Cyclamens staged by Messrs. R. P. Ker & Son, of
the Aigburth Nurseries, Liverpool, which, for size and
colour of the flowers, as well as floriferousness, it would
be difficult to beat. Such a strain as this one rarely
sees ; it was prettily fringed with Adiantum Farleyense,
while a nice specimen of A. rhodophyllum graced the
front in the middle.

Fruit. — The display of fruit was unusually large,
the classes in most cases being keenly contested ; espe-
cially was this the case in the lesser ones : the perfect
finish, size of berry, and unusual goodness of the winning
bunches was all that could be desired. Especially
worthy of mention were the two bunches of Black
Alicante staged by Mr. T. Elsworthy, gr. to T. R. Glad-
stone, Esq. Mr. Mease showed two fine examples of
Pitmaston Duchess Pears, the couple weighing 3 lb. 4 oz.,
perfect in form and colouring ; these were not for com-
petition. Pine-apples were largely shown, and were of
good weight and appearance ; indeed, one might brand
everything staged with some special mark of recognition,
but space will not permit of this, and we heartily con-
gratulate the committee upon their success in connection
with public exhibitions. Below are detailed the principal
collections and prize-winners.

Cut Blooms. — The most important class was for
thirty-six distinct blooms, eighteen incurved and eighteen
Japanese, the ist prize being a Silver Cup value 10
guineas, presented by Messrs. J. Williams & Co., which
was taken by Mr. W. Mease, gr. to C. W. Neumann,
Esq., Wyncote, Allerlon, with what was generally
admitted to be the finest stand. It consisted of the
following varieties :— Incurved : Lord Alcester, Queen of
England, Emily Dale, Empress of India, John Salter.
Golden Empress, Hero of Stoke Newington, Jeanne
d'Arc, Barbara, Princess of Wales, Sir Stafford Carey,
Princess of Teck, Lady Carey, Mrs. Heale, Princess
Beatrice, Mabel Ward. St. Patrick, and Mrs. W.
Shipman. Japanese : Sultan, Soleil Levant, Madame C.
Andiguier,Fair Maid of Guernsey, Japonaise.M. Ardenne,
Meg Merrilies, Comtesse de Beauregard, Boule d'Or,
F. A. Davis, M. Tarin, Peter the Great, Thunberg,
Duchess of Albany, Elaine, Criterion, Comte de Ger-
miny and Belle Pauline — all the Japanese flowers being
especially good in all points. 2d. Mr. F. Roberts, gr. to
W. D. Holt, Esq., West Derby; followed by Mr. T.
Leadbetter, gr. to R. N. Dale. Esq., Brown Hall. Mr.
Roberts' collection was very fine, and contained some
perfect flowers of the Japanese section, viz., Peter the
Great, Alba plena, Triomphe de la Rue de Chatelet,
Baron de Prailly, and Thunberg ; Incurved : Lady
St. Clare, Mrs. Heale. Princess of Wales, and Golden
Empress. In the class for twenty-four incurved varictie?.
distinct, Mr. W. Mease again took the lead, with a
most meritorious lot, stout, large, full, and charmingly
arranged, as follows :^ohn Salter, Golden Empress,
Princess of Wales, Emily Dale. Lord Alcester, Lord
Wolscley, Empress of India, ijuecn of England, Jeanne
d'Arc, Barbara. White Venus, Lady Carey. Princess of
Teck, Beauty, Prince Alfred, Hero of Stoke Newington,
Mrs. W. Shipman. Lady Hardinge, Princess Beatrice,
St. Patrick, Cherub, Miss Mary Morgan. Mrs. licale,
and Refulgence ; followed by Mr. J. Jellico, gr. to F. H.
Gossage, Esq., Woolton, in whose lot very fine flowers
were noticeable, especially Emily Dale, Barbara, Princess
Beatrice, and Jeanne d'.Arc. For eighteen incurved
varieties. distincL — Mr. G. Me;ise, gr. to W. Nicol, Esq.,
St. Michael's Mount, took 1st honours with a splendid
stand ; while Mr. G. Eaton, gr. to W. H. Shirley. Esq.,
Allerton House, was 2d ; and Mr. A. R. Cox, gr. to W.
ri. Watts, Esq., Elm Hall, Wavertree, was 3d, The first
lot contained fine examples of Lord .Alcester, Miss Mary
Morgan, Sir S. Carey, Mrs. Heale, St. Patrick, and
Lady Carey. Mr. W. Mease again look the lead ia the

NOVZMEER 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

697

corresponding class for twelve varieties, staging the same
varieties as noticed in the premier collection, which Mr.
G. Broady, gr. to J. H. Jones, Esq., and Mr. E. Green,
gr. to John Woolwright, Esq., were 2d and 3! respec-
tively. Twenty-four Japanese, distinct.— ist, Mr. W.
Mease, with a magnificent stand, both in size and finish of
the flowers, including all the leading and some new
kinds, as follows :— Criterion, Dormilion, Belle Pauline,
Japonaise, Fair Maid of Guernsey. Soleil Levant, Comie
de Germiny, Mens. Tarin, SuUan, Meg Merrilies,
Boule d'Or, Madame D. Andiguier. F. A. Davis,
Curiosity. The Khedive, Duchess of Albany, Baronnede
Prailly, Hiver Fleuri, Dr. Macary, Tintamarre, Sarnia,
M. Desbreaux. 2d, Mr. \. Jellico. whose best flowers
were Red Dragon, Elaine. J. Delaux, Peter the Great ;
3d, Mr. T. Leadbetter. Eighteen Japanese, distmcl. -
1st, Mr. John Martin, gr. to W. \. Bateman, Esq.,
Allerton ; 2d, Mr. G. Mease ; 3d, Mr. W. Wilson, gr.
to H. Cunningham, Esq., Gateacre, all the lots being
good, Mr. Martin having excellent flowers of sorts
similar to those seen in the other good stands. In the
class for twelve Japanese, Mr. T. Roberts took the lead,
followed by Mr. G. Eaton and Mr. G. Broady in the
order named. For six Anemone and six refiexed varie-
ties, distinct, Mr. J. Jellico received the 1st award.
Reflexed : Golden Christine, Dr. Sharpe, King of Crim-
sons, Mr. Forsyth, Chevalier Domage, and Salmon
Christine; Anemone-flowered: Lady Margaret. Acquisi-
tion, Bijou, Mons. Chate. Georges Sand, and Princess
Louise. 2d, Mr. E. Green ; 3d. Mr. T. Leadbetter. Twelve
pompons, in not less than six varieties. — ist, Mr. T.
Foster, gr. lo John Brancker, Esq., Green Bank, Waver-
tree, with a very charming Httle stand of the following
varieties :— Bob. Aigle d'Or, Madame NUrlhe, Aurora
Borealis, Mrs. Dix, Golden Madame MarUie, Rosinanie,
and Snowball ; 2d. Mr. A. Collins, gr. lo S. Smith,
Esq.. M.P., Prince's Park; 3d, Mr. A. R. Cox. Six
incurved and six Japanese, fur which special prizes wpre
offered by Messrs, Di,xon & Co., Amhurst Nurseries,
Hackney, London, the ist prize being for twenty-four
plants of new Chrysanthemums. There was a very keen
competition, a large number of stands being entered,
the ist award falling to Mr. C. Osborn, gr. to N.
Siaveley Taylor, Esq., Allerton, with the following : —
Japanese : Criterion, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Meg
Merrilees, Madame C. Andiguier. Peter the Great, and
Triomphe de la Rue de Cbatelet ; Incurved : Princess of
Wales, Queen of England, Golden Empress, Barbara,
Princess Teck, and Mrs. Halliburton. 2d, Mr. C.
Waring.

Chrys.anthemums in Pots. — Six large - flowered,
distinct— 1st, Mr. J. Hughes, gr. to H. Mclver, Esq ,
Elmswood, Allerton, with a handsome set of well-grown,
even-flowered plants of the following varieties :— Lady
Slade, Lady Hardinge, Princess of Wales, Beverley,
John Salter, and George Glenny. 2d, Mr. C. Finnigan,
Winter Gardens. New Brighton ; 3d, Mr. W. Bustard,
gr. lo James Lewis, Elsq.. Aigburth. Three large-
flowered, distinct, in which Mr. J. Hughes again took the
lead, followed by Mr. Thos. Blackman, gr. to Major
Pemberton, Fairfield ; the same exhibitor being ist in
the class for six pompons, while Mr. J. Hughes was
2d, both staging excellent collections ; the first consisted
of golden, lilac, and white Cedo NuUi, Lady Isabella,
Dun Drin, and St. Thais ; 3d, Mr. W. Bustard. In
the class for three pompons Mr. J. Hughes was ist,
with hiac and white Cedo Nulli. and Maroon Model ; .
followed by Messrs. T. Blackman and Bustard respec -
lively. One standard. — ist, Mr. E. Green, with acharn-
ing specimen of Mrs. Di.xon : 2d and 3d. Mr. J. Hughes
and Mr. W. H. Jolifte. One pyramid. — ist, Mr. J.
Hughes, with a well trained, copiously flowered Mrs. G.
Rundle.

Miscellaneous Plants.— Six stove and greenhouse,
not less than three in flower. — ist, Mr. W. Mease, with a
nice lot ; 2d, Mr. A. K. Cox ; 3d, Mr. J, Vaugban, gr.
lo R. Coltan, Esq., Aigburth Road ; Mr. Cox was 1st
in a similar class for four plants. Six stove or green-
house Ferns. — 1st. Mr. A. R. Cox, with charming spe-
cimens ; 2d, Mr. W. Evans. Three Orchids, in which
there was sharp competition. — ist, Mr. E. Green, gr.
lo J. Woolwright, Esq., Moseley Hill, with good
plants of Oncidium varicosum Rogersi, Odontoglossum
Alexandrae, a good spike carrying fourteen heavily
blotched flowers with broad segments; and Odonto-
glossum grande ; 2d, Mr. Grantham, gr. to R. Young,
Esq., Sefton Park, with Vanda coerulea, Oncidium
ornithorhynchum.andOdontoglossumRoezliialbum ; 3d,
Mr. J. Edwards. One Orchid. — 1st, Lieut. -Col. Wilson,
The Hermitage, Aigburth, with a splendid copiously
flowered specimen of Oncidium varicosum Rogersi ; 2d,
Mr. T.Worth, gr. to Enoch Harvey, Esq., Aigburth. with
a dense basket of Dendrobium heterocarpum ; 3d, T.
J.Young, Esq., Bootle, with Oncidium Gardnerianum
crispum. Two Calanthes. — ist, Mr. A. Brown, gr. to
George Webster, Esq., Over-church Hill. Cpton. with
two crowded 12-inch pots ofC. vestitaand Veitchi; 2d, Mr.
W. Mease, with similar pots of the same varieties. One
Cypripedium. — 1st, Mr. J. Edwards, gr. to Dr. Shad-
ford Walker, Rodney Street, Liverpool, with a fine plant
ot C. Spicerianum, carrying twenty expanded and bud
flowers, although not very large ; 2d and 3d, Mr. W.
Evans, and Mr. W. Mease, both staging C. insigne.
Six Chinese Primulas. — lEt, Mr. E. Brown, gr. to George
Webster, Esq., six magnificent plants being staged, vary-
ing in colour and very large flowered ; 2d, Mr. A. Collins,
Our space forbids mention ol other classes.

Fruit. — Twelve dishes, distinct varieties, the istaward
being given to Mr. Wm. Hannagan, The Gardens,
Hoolon Hall, for a splendid series, as follows — Grapes :
Muscat of Alexandria, Black Alicante. Gros Colmar,
and Mrs. Pince ; Pears : Beurrd Diel, Doyenn^ du

Comice, Glou Morceau, and Chaumontel ; Apples :
Ribston Pippin, Blenheim Orange, and King of the
Pippins ; and Melon Conqueror ot Europe. 2d, Mr. J.
II. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of Harrington. Elvaston
Castle. Derby, who also staged a fine lot. Six dishes.
Pines excluded. — isl, Mr. James Hurst, with Muscat of
Ale.xandria and Alicante Grapes, two Apples and two
Pears. Beurri' Diel being particularly fine ; 2d and 3d,
Mr. Hannagan and Mr. J, H. Goodacre. Two Pine-
apples.— 1st, Mr. D. Roberts, gr. to Hussey I'ackf.
Esq., Prestwold, Hull, with Smooth Cayenne — a hand-
some specimen, weighing 6^ lb ; 2d, Mr. W. Speed, gr.
to Lord Penrhyn, Penrhyn Castle, Bangor, with Smooth
Cayenne ; 3d, Mr. G. Gibson. Grapes ; Two bunches,
Black Muscat flavour. — 1st, Mr. J. Hollingworth, gr. to
C. M. Campbell, Esq., Uttoxeter. with rich t-xamplcs of
Bl.ick Muscat and Mrs. Pince ; 2d, Mr. Goodacre, with
Muscat Hamburgh ;3d, Mr. .A.Collins, In the correspond-
ing class for two bunches, without Muscat flavour, Mr. 'I'.
Elsworthy was well to the front, with splend dly finislu-d
exauiplesof Alicante ; 2d and 3d, Messrs. R. Brownhilland
G. Lounder, gr. to S. S. Powker. Esq , Aigburth, each
exhibitor staging the same variety. Two bunches white
(Mu<;cat flavour). — The prizes were awarded in the
following order : — Mr. G. Middleton. gr. to R Pilking-
ton, Esq., Rainford Hall; Mr. P. Mottershead. gr. lo
H. S. Woodcock, Esq.. Wigan ; and Mr. J. Brierley,
gr. to G. D. Adamson, Esq., Didsbury, allslaging Mus-
cat of Alexandria, but Mr. Middleton 's well meriied the
honour. In the class for two bunches of other varieties,
Mr. J. Hotlingsworth was ist with splendid examples of
Golden Oueen ; 2d and 3d, Messrs. P. Ingham and T.
Elsworthy, with the same variety. Four bunches, dis-
tinct,— 1st, Mr. J. Hollingsworth, with Golden (Jueen,
Trcbbiana, Lady Downc's. and Black Alicante ; 2d,
Mr. T. Elsworthy; 3d, Mr. C. A. Young, gr. lojos,
Evans, Esq., J,?., Prescott. Pears, eight dishes dessert.
— ist, Mr. Wm. Hannagan, with splendid dishes of
Marie Louise, Beurr^ Diel, Duchesse d'AngouK'me, Glou
Morceau, Beurr^ d'Aremberg. Chaumontel, Doyenne
du Comice, and Louise Bonne of J ersey. Four
dishes. — isl, Mr. William Mease, with perfec-
tion in Beurre Easter, Beurr^ Diel, Beurrt!- Bache-
lier, and M^rie Louise. Apples, six dishes, dessert. —
ist, Mr. F. Miller, gr. to J. F. Friend, Esq., Norihdown,
Margate, with well-honoured dishes of Adam's Pcarmain,
King of Pippins, Cox's Orange Pippin, and two dishes
of Ribston Pippin. Eight dishes, culinary. — 1st. Mr.
Goodwin, which was well merited, with excellent dishes
of Mltc de Manage. Lady Henniker. Kentish Fillbasket.
Flower of Kent, Waltham Abbey, Warner's King, and
another.

Non-competing Exhibits. — In addition to Messrs.
R. P. Ker& Son's group, previously mentioned, Messrs.
Turner Bros., The Liverpool Horticultural Company
(John Cowan), Limited, contributed materially lo the
exhibition with large groups of the choicest foliaged and
flowering plants ; while Messrs. Cannell & Sons, of
Swanley, made a gorgeous display with four dozen large
bunches of double and single zonal Pelargoniums,
Chinese Primroses, and a large stand of single Chrysan-
themums. Messrs. F. & A. Dickson & Son, of Chester,
staged about eighty excellent dishes of Apples, while
Messrs, R. Smith & Co., Worcester, and Chailes Ry-
lance, of Ormskirk, made similar displays.

STATE OF 7 HE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesdav, November a6, 1884.

Hygromc-

tncal De-

Barometer.

Temperature of

ductions

Wind.

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Q

Edition

.

a

Ij

<

c

b.

X
Z

■-2 . i'z

s

c

"Z^?,

y.s

5

S

1

X

1

1

61

s

III

Q

^1"

<5s

^1

Nov. I In. I In. .

21 29.71 +00241535.0

lln.

10,0.40.1

7.5J38-8
'O.S37
9-5360

39 91 +.»5 42.0 31.5

I

3<).Cfi +0.38 41.031 5

3996 +038:38 039 o| 9.o|33.3
30C8 +040 i7-5'5 9 '» 3 3»-3
30 eg -1-039

Mean 39.94 +0.25

I

13 531511. 0,37. 7

41.331 310 036.3

— 1.633.9' 81 W.NW.o 03

— 5'.9'33.4 8* W.NWjO 04

— 4-633.S 87{lw.^Vvj°-~

— 5.73*. 8 88 iW.NWo.oj

— 8.331.0J 91 W.N W J 00

103 a8 0 89
— 3-9 34 7 89

5 3 3a 6, 87

W.N W
W.

W.NW 3.C9

Nov. 3o.— Du I day. Fine, clear, cold niijht.

— 21. — Dull mominp, drizzling rain, rough wind nearly alt

day and night. Fine and clear at 10 i* ni.

— 23. — Dull, cold day and night.

— 23. — Fine and clear throughout the day. Fine, but

hazy.

— 34. — Dense fog all the motning. Few snowflikes at

3 P.M. Fine, cold uighc.

— 25. — Dense fog all the morning. Fine afternoon and

night.

— 26. — Dense fog all the morning. Fine afternoon and

night.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November 22, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea decreased from 30.39 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.27 inches by 3 I'.M.
on the l6ih, increased lo 30.31 inches by 9 A.M.
on the 17th, decreased lo 30.24 inches by 3 I'.M.
on the same day, increased to 30.49 inches by 3
r.M. on the igih, decreased lo 2981 inches by
9 A.M. on the 2 1st, increased lo 30. 15 inches by y A.M.
on the 22d, decreased lo 30.10 inches by 3 r.M. on
ihe 22d, aol was 30. 1 1 inches by the end of the
week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 3020 inches, being o.iS inch lower than last
week, and 0.31 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 45^5, on the 20ih ; the
highest on the l6ih was 40", The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 42". 9.

The lowest temperature was 31". 5, on the 22d ; on
the 19 h and 20th ihe lowest temperature was 35'. 5.
The mean of the seven low uight temperatures was
34°. 2.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
lo°.5, on the 22d ; the smallest was 7^ on the
i6ih. The mean of the seven daily ranges was
S°7.

The mean temperatures were — on the 16 h, 37";
on the 17th, 3S'.4 ; on the iSth, 39" 7 ; on the
ig h, 40^ ; on the zoih, 40°. I ; on Ihe 2lst, 2,^".% ;
on the 22d, 37°.! ; and these were all below their
averages by 5°.2, 3". 6, 2°,2, l".S, l'',6, 2". 9, and
4°. 6 respectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 38"*. 7,
being 6' lower than last week, and 3". I below the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full ray's of the sun
was 78", on the 19. b. The mean of the seven read-
ings was 60". 4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 24°, on the 22d,
The mean of the seven readings was 27°.

Rain, — 0.07 inch fell during the week.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
November 22, the highest temperatures were 51° at
Truro, 49° at Plymouth and Leeds ; the highest
temperature at Brighton was 43°.5i at Blackheaih
45°, 5. at Wolveihamjton 45°.8. The general mean
was 47°, 2.

The lowest temperatures were 27^.6 at Wolver-
hampton, 27''.8 at Bristol, 29° at Truro ; the lowest
at Liverpool was 35°. 5, at Sheffield, Leeds, and
Sunderland 35°. The general mean was 32°.

The greatest ranges were 22° at Truro, 20°. 6 at
Bristol, 18°. 2 at Wolverhampton ; the smallest ranges
were ii*.5 at Liverpool, 12° at Sunderland, and I2*,9
at Bradford The general mean was 15°. 2.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 48^4, at Plymouth 47°. 5, at Leeds
45''.5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 41°. 7, at
Brighton 41" S, at Blackheaih 42". 9. The general
mean was 44°. 3.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Liverpol, 37°.8, at Leeds 37°. 5, at Sunder-
land 37^.3 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 30°.4,
at Bristol 3i°.2, at Bolton 33'.i. The general mean
was 34° 9.

The mean daily range was greatest at Truro,
r4°.3, at Bristol I3°.it at Plymouth I2°.l ; and was
least at Sunderland, 6°. 4, at Liverpool 6°. 5, at Not-
tingham 7°. 5. The general mean was 9°. 4.

The mean temperature was highest at Leeds, 4I°.2,
at Plymouth 41°. I, at Truro 41°; and was lowest at
Wolverhampton, 35°-7, at Brighton 37'*.3, at Bristol
37°. 5. The general mean was 39". 3.

Kain. — The largest falls were 0.76 inch at Sunder-
land, 0.31 inch at Truro, 0.21 inch at Cambridge ;
the smallest falls were 0.02 inch at Bolton, and 0.03
inch at Plymouth and Nottingham. The general
mean was 0.13 inch. Rain fell on every day in the
week at Sunderland.

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 22, the highest temperature was 48^.5,
at Greenock ; at Dundee the highest was 45°.4.
The general mean was 46°. 6.

The lowest temperature in the week was 24*, at
Glasgow ; at Leiih the lowest temperature was 33°.S.
The general mean was 30°. 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
40^.4; and lowest at Glasgow, 35*'.2. The general
mean was 38^.3.

Rain. — The largest fall was 0.62 inch, at Aberdeen,
and the smallest fall was 0.04 inch, at Paisley. No
rain fell at Glasgow or Greenock. The general mean
was 0.12 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S,

698

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

(inquiries.

" Ht that queitioneth much shall learn much." — Bacom.

Calanthes Diseased, — Mrs. Berrington would be
much obliged if the Editor could tell her the reason of
her Calanthes dying? Hitherto they have flourished
well, but this year, under similar treatment, they are
rotting away. Can it bq anything in the soil? She
sends a specimen to be investigated. [The appearances
of this disease in Orchids are new to us. On making a
microscopical examination of the softer parts of the
pseudobuibs they are seen to be infested with the micro-
scopic worms called Nematodes. As these nemaloid
worms are known to be capable of setting up disease in
many other plants, it is quite possible that your Calanthes
are dying from their presence in the tissues. The dead
and dying material should be removed and burnt. ED,]

Answers to Correspondents.

Adiantum Bausei : Garrick. The specimen does not
show the chief pecuUarity of A. Bausei, namely, the
deflexed pinnules, by which it may at once be recog-
nised when growing. The plant then looks as if the
pinnules were drooping for want of water. Yours has
the appearance of a young frond of A. tenerum or
Ghiesbreglitii.

Apple Shoots Diseased : G. Brown. The shoots are
very much cankered, for which there is no certain
remedy known. You can assist the trees by keeping
the roots near the surface, and by supplying them
with strong loam mingled with rotten manure. You
will find, where it is practicable, that lilting and
replanting will benefit the trees, if carefully done,
more than root-pruning alone. The lichen on the
shoots is the result of your damp climate ; it does no
harm, except as a harbour for insects, as it is not a
parasite.

Book : G. F. The book you name is out of print.
Burbidge's Domestic Horticulture is better.

Chrysanthemums Showing the Disc : E. C. This
is often caused by too severe disbudding for the par-
ticular sort, a warm dry atmosphere, and overfeeding
with manure-water. The are, in fact, stimulated too
much.

Erratum. — In our report of the show held at South-
ampton, November 6 and 7, the name of Mr. A.
Pragnell, gr. to B. Turner, Esq , Ardnave Bassett,
who gained ist prize in the class for twelve cut blooms,
was omitted. This class was for those who had not
previously won a prize for Chrysanthemums.

Fern Diseased : G. Paton. The injury appears to be
the work of some of the small leaf-mining insects, but
we do not remember to have met with it before.

Lapageria Bloom; W. Millard, These often come
in bunches and triplets as yours have done. It did
not appear to be higher in colour than many other of
the improved forms.

Lectures im London: William Robinson. We do
not know if the lectures are in print. Plant Life, by
Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew & Co.),
will give you the information you want.

Mixture tor Trees as Against Rabbits, &c. :
X. Y. A paint made of clay, cowdung, and soot,
slightly flavoured with spirits of tar, or tar itself,
applied as far up as the animals can reach standing on
their hind-legs. When smeared with the fatly side of
bacon rind hares will not touch the stems of fruit trees.

Names of Fruit: Mr. Garroiu. Pears: a, Autunm
Colmar ; b, Comte de V.^my.— George Donaldson, i.
Lord Derby ; 2. Tower of Glnmis ; 3. Beauty of Kent.
Nos. I and 2 very fine exmiplrs. — y. S., Stroud, i,
Beurre Bachelier ; 2, Beurre Diel ; 3, Comte de Lamy ;
.\, Prem\eT. — James Ellis. Nelson CodUn.

Names of Plants : Carter, Page ^ Co. Juglans
nigra (the American Black Walnut. — W. F. Piper.
Dcndrobium formosum giganteum — a remarkably line
bloom. — W. H. Lavandula StcEchas.

Poppies at Tilhury and Grays Growing Wild
ON THE Banics OF THE THAMES : S. Not recog-
nised.

Potato Disease : Old Potato Grower. First noticed
in Germany in 1830, gradually spread till in 1842, at
Liege, Belgium, it assumed a very serious lorm. It
appeared in Canada in 1844.

Primula Leaves Turning Yellow : Primula. The
foliage was affected with red-spider, of which pest we
found several on it. Have you applied flowers of
sulphur to the plants, and then not carefully washed
it off? Not to do this is fatal to the well-being of the
plants so treated. The foliage turns yellow from a
close cold atmosphere, and from an ill-ventilated warm
one. As you give no particulars of their culture, we
are unable to say with accuracy what is the matter.

Raspberries : The Gardener, Almora Hall. Such
occurrences have been very common during the past
autumn, both in these fruits and others, and plants
rarely seen in bloom at so late a time have been open-
ing their flowers quite recently.

Roses for Forcing : A. Folkinqhorn. The-e are very
numerous, and one grower in;\y succeed with some,
and fail with others. Try Alfred Culomb and General
Jacqueminot ; they are both dark, and force with
certainty.

Rose of Sharon : J. T. It is not possible to say
definitely what is the plant intended. The name has
been variously applied. The Oleander or the Poly-

anthus Narcissus, which grow in the Plain of Sharon,
has as good a title as any to the name. In gardens
Hypericum calycinum is sometimes so called, but it is
not a Rose and does not occur in the Holy Land.
Some of the so-called everlasting plants (Gnaphalium)
are also called Rose of Sharon. The plant is men-
tioned in the "Song of Solomon," chap, ii., v. i, but
nowhere else that we know of.

Fruit.— AvERAGH Wholesale Prices.

Sphagnum : C. H. Both A and B are samples o*
" real " sphagnum, the only difference is that A is
dead and B alive ; both are useful, the lormer for
mixing with composts, and the latter for "dressing
off" with and other particular work.

The Dover Yew: \V. Barron. We are glad to see
by the shoot sent that the tree still lives — " flourish-
ing " is scarceiy the word.

Xylophylla latifolia : W. S., Shorelum. The
apparent leaf is really a flattened branch ; flowers, as
a rule, do not grow on leaves. The plant is allied to
Euphorbia, and is a native of the West Indies. The
Fern is Phlebodium aureum.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

H. & F. Shakpe, Wisbech— Trade List ol Seed Potatos.
Richard Dean, Ealing— Now and Choice Potatos.
James Dickson & Sons, Edinburgh — Seedling and

Transplanted Forest Trees.
Louis van Houtte, Ghent, Belgium— Trees, Shrubs,

&c.
J. Vander Rees (late R. Parker), Exotic Nursery,

Garrett Lane, Tooting, Surrey, S.W. — General

Nursery Catalogue.
A. Jeffkins & Co., Westerham— General.
Stephen Brown, Weston-super-Mare—Plants, Roses,

Fruit Trees, &c.
C. B. Saunders, St. Saviour's, Jersey— Fruit Trees, &c.
Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon — General, and Alpine

and Herbaceous Catalogues.
J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York— American Seeds.

Communications Received. — John McL.— \V. Lingthaw.—
H. H. Ward. — Sutton & Sons.— J. Hudson.— W. Swan.—
J. O'B.— \V.— G. W.-A. D.-E. Chadwick.— R. D.—
J. Mclndoe. — Ben.— M. Saul. — H. E,— R. F. J.— J. R.—
W. L.— W. H. Divers.— W. J. M.— T. T.-E. Serpell.—
J. T.-S. VV.-J. B. S.-G. R. J.-H. C. Geneva.— M. D.
(with thanks). -A. O. S.-J. T. H.— Asa Gray.— W. E. G.—
H. S., Gencva.-C.N. — R. M. C— Sir T. L. — F. M.. Glas-
nevin.-V. E — J. T.— E. M.— C. N.— J. D.-E. B.—
H. Carter— W. Sills.— John McLean. — R. Kirk. -J. EHiss.
— Canne.l & Sons.— W. Rollis Fryer.- F. W. B.— J. Stewart
& Sods.

DIED, on the 22d inst., at Brighton, John Edward
Meek, of Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, and of 195,
St. John Street, Clerkenwell, aged forty-seven.

arhcts.

COVENT GARDEN, November 27.

[The lubjoined reports are furnished to us recularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal iiales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for th«
quotations. It must be remembered that thsje quotations
ar« averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fliictuate. not only from day to day. but often
lEveral times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not bo taken as indiciting
the price at any particular date, still less can they be lak«a
«c Ruides to the prict in tha coming week. Ed.]

A GOOD supply of St. Michael Pines now to hand,
and prices of horne-grown fruit much depressed. Nova
Scotia and Canadian Apples in heavy consignments,
price unaltered. Kent Cobi still dull. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market,

Cut Flowers.- Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s. d. s. d. s. d,

Micnonette, 12 bun. i o- 4 o
Pelargoniums, per 12
sprays .. ..10-20

— scarlet, 12 sprays 06-09
Primula, double, bun. i o- i o
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60

— (outdoor), r2 bun. 6 0-12 o
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10 20
Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-16
Violets, 12 bun. ,. 10-16

— French, bunch.. 16-20

— P.irme, French,
per bunch .. ..40-56

W;il, flower, 12 bun., 40-60
While Jasmine, per
bunch . . ..06-10

0-40
o- 6 G
o- 1 6
9-10
0-60
0-20
0-60
6-20
3-06
0-60
0-18 o
6-10

0-30

AbutiloQ. 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 4
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i
Bouvardias, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. a
Carnation*. 12 blms. i
Chi-ysanih., 12 bun, 2
— large, 12 blooms o
Cjdamen, 12 blooms o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 9
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12

blooms . . . . 2

— red, 12

blooms . . ..I

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Plants in Pots. —Aver
J. d. s. d.
Aralia Steboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitse (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chrysanth. , dozen ,. 40-90
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaina terminalis.

per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o

— viridis. per doz ..12 0-24 o
Erica, various, dor, 9 0-18 o
Kuonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 o-i3 o

Evergreens, in var.,
pet dozen .. ..6 0-34 o

AGE Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. a.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . ..4 o-i8 o

Ficus elaRlica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..a o-io o

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ,,8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-ia o

Patms in variety,
each ,. .. 2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ,. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen . . ..40-60

Solanunis, dozen ,. 9 0-12 0

s,d t,d.
Apples, Ja-sieve .. 16-40
— NovaScotiaand
Canadian, barrel 10 0-24 o
Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 60 o-£2 6
Grapes, per lb. .. 06-30

.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case ..ai o- ..
Melons, each . . 16-30

Pine-apples, Eng ,1b. 40-60
Pears, French, doz. 16-36

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz. .. ..40-60

Beans, French, lb. o 6- ..

Beet, per doz. .. 10-..

Cabbages, per doz... 16-20

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..

CauliHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen..

Celeriac, per root . .

Celery, per bundle..

Cucumbers, each ..

Endive, English, per
dozen

Garlic, per lb.

Herbs, per bunch

Horse Radish, b

,10-26
04-..
16-26
06-10

I I o- ,

o fr- .

02-04
.30-40

Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, i'^s. to -jos.; Regents, 70s. to go.
Champiocs, 45,1. to 6oj. per ton. Trade very quicL

I. d. s.

Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . . . i 6- .

— Cos, each .. 02- .
Mint, green, bunch., o 9- .
Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- a
Onions, per bushel.. 4 o- .

— Spring, per bun. o 6- .
Parsley, per bunch., o 4- .
Radishes, per dor. .. 16-.
Salsify, per bund. .. 1 o- .
Seakale, per punnet 16-2
Small saladiug, per

punnet . . .,04-.

Spinach, per bushel a o- .
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-1
Turnips, bun. .. 05- .

SEEDS.

London ; Nov. 26. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, report that there was scarcely any busi-
ness transacted on the seed market to-day, the attend-
ance being very limited ; indeed, the indisposition lo
operate, which has now for so long characterised the
seed trade, shows no symptoms at present of disappear-
ing. Clover seeds all round are without change in value.
Canary seed moves off very slowly. In Hemp seed the
tendency against holders continues. Blue boiling Peas
and Haricot Beans sell more freely, owing to the colder
weather. Feeding Linseed is quiet.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday, there was no tangible im-
provement in the Wheat trade, either in tone or quota-
tions. Flour was quoted 6d. lower for the week in the
face of very small receipts. Barley met only a limited
sale, without appreciable change in value. Maize was
quiet, but the small supply was held for steady value.
Beans and Peas remained without alteration. — (3n Wed-
nesday there was no tangible improvement in either
Wheat or flour. Barley, Beans, and Peas remained
without alteration, and demand quiet. Oats sustained a
further rise of 3(/. For Maize prices were very firm and
still hardening. Average prices of corn for the week
ending Nov. 22 : — Wheat, 31J. id. ; Barley, 31^. 5^. ;
Oats, 19J. 5</. For the corresponding period last year :
— Wheat, 40J. ^d. ; Barley, 32J-. lod, ; Oats, 19J. yd.

CATTLE.

At the Metropolitan Market on Monday trade in
beasts was assisted in some measure by the country
demand, and prices were upheld, although in conse-
quence of the dull state of the dead meat markets the
Kletropolitan demand was very limited, and sales in this
direction progressed very slowly. The sheep supplies
could hardly be called heavy, but they were quite equal
to the demand, and the tendency was rather downward
than otherwise. Quotations : — Beasts, 4^. to 51. ^d.,
and 5^. 6d, to 5^. lod, ; calves, 3J. 8d, to 51. 8</. ; sheep,
4J. lod. to 5.r. 4(/., and 5^. lod, to 6s 6d. ; pigs, 3^. 8df.
to 41. 41/.— On Thursday beasts were firm, and quite as
dear as on Moaday. Sheep were inactive, without
change, and calves were scarce and wanted. Pigs were
dull.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapcl Market report states that sup-
plies were small in consequence of the rough weather on
the preced ng day. Trade was very dull, with a droop-
ing tendency in prices. Quotations ; — Clover, prime,
95J. to io8t. ; inferior, 40J. to 75J. ; prime second cut,
90J. to io8i. ; hay, prime, 8oj. tu 90J. ; inferior, 30J. to
65J. ; and straw, sSj. to 34J. per load. — On Thursday
there was a good supply, and tlie trade was very dull, at
Monday's rates. — The Cumberland Market report slates
thai there was a slightly better demand, owing to the
frosty weather, at the following quotations ; — Clover,
best, 98J. to io8j. ; interior, 5or. to 70J. ; meadow hay,
best, 8oi. to 84J. ; inferior, 50J. to 701. ; and straw,
28J. lo 34J. per load,

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spiialfields Markets reports state
that best samples meet with moderate demand, whilst
inferior sorts are neglected. Quotations : — Kent Regents,
70i. to 80J. ; Scotch ditto, qos. to looj. ; Essex Shaws,
50J. to 60J. ; Victorias, jos. to 8o.r. ; Magnum Bonums,
$o5. to 70J. ; Champions, 50J. to 65^. ; and French, 40J.
to 5o,r. per ton. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 1045 bags from Hamburg, 4 from Antwerp,
320 from Harlingen, and 30 from Rotterdam.

COALS.

The following arc the prices current at market during
the week ;— East Wylani, 155. 6d. ; Walls End — Har-
ton, i6j. ; Tyne (unscreened), ii.r. yi. ; Ht-tlon, i8j. ;
Helton Lyons, ids. ; Lambton, ijs. 6d. ; Wear, 16s. ;
Hartlepool, tys, ; Hulam, 16s. ^d. ; East Hartlepool,
lys. yi. ; South Hartlepool, i6j. 3(/. ; Tees, i8j. 2^.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 100^ to looj for delivery, and 100',^ to roo|2 for the
account. Tuesday's figures were ioo',J, to loOjiJ for
both delivery and account. The closing prices of Wed-
nesday were loo^ to looj for delivery, and ioo|i to
100^ for the account. The finishing figures on Thursday
were looj to ioo§ for both delivery and the account.

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

699

SPECIAL CULTURE Of

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.
Tlu niuUraUd t>nd Disci iplhr CA TALOGUE ,'/EK L 7 fS

Tie Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LOBD BEACONSFIELD

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certifiote, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
Strong Canes. 15^. per^dozen, £z, 5?. perioo. L'sual allow-
ance to the Trade ji. FADLKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY "FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nation.'^, Pxonies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.

Strong selected buds for forcing at its. per 1000.

ANEMONE JAPONICA ALBA

(Honoiine Joubert) at los. per loo.
Samples free on appHcalion. Cash ivith order, Piickiige ftee.

E. KRUIJFF, Sassenhelm, near Haarlem. Holland.

A SPECIALITY.

Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb Collection of all the leadiiiE Varieties in Cultiva-
tion, also many thou-sands of RHODODENDRON PON II-
CUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts.

A Sample Basket, containiDg Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30^.

These plant?, being thus prepaied, may be ?rown in any
orttinary fibrous loam, without ihe expensive adduioa of peat
toil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to ihe following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4.5.6,7. 8 to'

„ laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.

„ HodgiQb', 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet. ,

„ myrtifolia, ditto. )- many thousands.

„ Scotlica, 3 to 8 feet.

„ Vellow-berried, altaclarense and others.

„ Variegated, of sorts, 1, 4, 5,6, a to roft. .

^ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 3, and; 6 feet, 8 to is feet

in circumference. , , , , ,

Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautiiul specimens.

„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, wuh beautiful

heads, ten to ti'teen years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weepii.g, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Green and Variegated. 3, 4, 5, 6to 7 feet, many thousatds.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 leet, thousand..

„ Golden, ol all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids. Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
Irish c to 10 feet, hundreos. [thcusands.

ClJPRfcS&US ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. « to 8 leet,
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIGPSIS DOLABRAT.\, 3, 4. and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5. 6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered wuh buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3. 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

„ Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet.
TUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA, 3 to s feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands.
,, „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
', ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to to feet, hundreds.
„ HOOKKRIANA, 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARR VAN A GLAUCA, ij^ to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2t0 3feet, hutdteds.
,. NOBILIS. i!^ to 3 feet, thousands.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to lofeet.
„ PINSAPO, 6 to to feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, iK to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
„ LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIRENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
,. PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.
Knap HILL NurseiT, WoUng Station, Surrey

STANDARD ROSES, good plants, il \os.
per loa ; Dwarfs, strong, on Brier and Manetti, 30.?. per 100.
W. J.\CKSON, Ulakedown, Kidderminster.

WILLIAM BARRON AND SON'S
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Forest Trees, Conifers,
and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons,
Roses, &c., is now ready, and may be had, post-free, on
application.

EK^aston Nurseries, Borrowash, near Derby.

T7IOR SALE, Twelve PEACHES and Two

-f NECTARINES, true to n.-ime, in is-inch pots-all in
excellent be.arinE condition. For sorts and price apply to
B. HOPE, Buddlelon Paik Gardens, Bicester.

Lovely LlUea.

WM. GORDON has still the finest collec-
tion of these. l!uv of the Importer.

LILIUM ALBUM KK.E IZERl, most lovely of all Ldies,
and very rare ; pure white with band ol lovely pea-green up the
centre of each petal, which contrasts finely with the chaste
white.

LILIUiM MELTOMENE— the loveliest of all the specio-
sum rubi um tribe ; its dazzling brilliancy defies competition, and
the ordinary speciosum sinks into insignificance.

LILIUM BROWNII— the finest of the trumpet-shaped
Lilies : creamy-white, exterior purplish brown ; massive.

The three for 5s. 6./. ; six forgj., post-'ree.

LILIUM AURATUM, new airival, 6(i'., 9/, "., and 11. 6rf.
each, finest possible bulbs.

WM. GORDON. Nurseries, Twickenham. Middlesex.

EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,
ns. dd. per sack; 30 ditto, 2r. grf. ; ao ditto, 3r, td ;
5 ditto, 41. dd. ; sacks dd, each. In trucks of 14 cubic yaids,
iir. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, i4r.
per ton, not less than 4 tons ; sample sack, is. bd.

LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD. SPHAGNUM, &c.
See Special List, also for the Trade.

100,000 LARCH, stout transplanted, iS inches to 3 feet : ditto
Scotch, 18 inches to 2 feet. FIR, Spruce, handsome, bushy, 12
to 18 inches. Sample bundles of 100. 3J. ROSES, Standard and
Half-Standard, of new and leading kinds, 7sr. per 100.
Ringwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT HBRE REFUSE,

^d. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 3 toni),
40S. ; 4-bushel bags, xd. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5*. €d. per laclc ;
5 sacks, 25*. ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks aaf. ; sacks,
^. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. <)d. per bushel; 151. per half
ton, 26J. per ton ; in a-bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8i. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WriteforFree
Price LIST.-H. G- SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard). W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. — Best Qnality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse,
If. per sack ; 30 for 25J.— bags included. Trucks (containing
2 Tons) 25^. , free en Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 51. p«r
sack ; 5 for 22J. dd. : 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, ^j. bd. per
sack ; lofor 30^. Coarse Bedford Sand, \s. yi, per bushel ; xis.
per J^ ton; i^s. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould,
If. per bushel. Guano. Cruahed Bones, &c. Finest Tobacco
Clolh, %d. per lb.; 28)b. foriSf. Specialit(f Tobacco Paper,
xad. per lb. : 28 lb. for 21J. : 7C5. per cwt. Second quality, ^d.
per lb. ; 28 lb. for i6f. Archangel and Petersburgh Mats.
Piice LIST sent free. Special quotations to the Trade for cash.

W. HERBERT and CO..

Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Stkeet, S.E.

(oear London Bridge).

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, is. each : rs sacks. r3r. : jo sacks, i/i. :
30 sacks. 2sr : 40 sacks, 3cr. ; ttuckload of 2 tons, loose, ?5J.
All goods free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige.—
I. Sl'EVENS AND CO., "Greyhound" Yard, and 15!, High
Street. Batteisea. S.W. Estahlishtd 187a.

12-oz. Sample Packets, free toy post, 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Store Plants.&c.,.£6 6j.p=r Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, \is.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag. 5J. : s Hags, aar. 6j'. ; ro Bags,
45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loi. 6./. per Bag.
SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fme. sar. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Fatnbotough Station, Hants.

I THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to protjuce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full farliculars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTON. LIVERPOOL.

UREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-

secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded Diploma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh.— Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER, FOWLER and CO., Finsbury Street, London, E.C.

BEESON'S

MANURE

Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes.

In Tins, Is., 23. 6cl., anil lOs. 6d. each ; also In
Sealeil Bags, 1 cwt., 13s.

MANlIl'-ACTl'KKl) nV

W.H.Beeson.CarbrookBoneMills, Sheffield.

WHolesale Agents In London ; Corry, Soper, Fowler

& Co., Limited, 18, Finsbury Sucel. E.C, and Sli.iJ 'rh.mies.
Loudon, S.Ji. Supplies can be obtained through all rcspcctabla
Seedsmen and Flonsls in the KinRdoni.
Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Borders.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mbdals,

Quality, THE BEST In the Market (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . A,s &d, per sack ; 5 sacks for aoj.

PEAT, best black fibrous . . 31, td. „ 5 sacks for 15X.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid $s. od. „

LOAM, best yellow fibious .. "V

£l^?",S5'{?StTfnV."T'- -" "-"■ '"=■" -•"""'•

PEAT MOULD ,. .. )

SILVER SAND, coarse, i.r. 2d. per bush., i7S. half ton, aaj.ton

RAFFIA FllSRK. best only 8^. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. 8d. lb,, 28 lb. 18.'.

TOBACCO PAPER .. (Spc.:ialit<<) Sd. lb., 28 lb. ,Ss.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected vs. per bush., 6j. per sack.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sack?, ij. each ; 10 sacks, 9^. ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, 17J. ;
30 sacks, 251. ; 40 sacks, 30J. Truck-load, loo^e. free on rail,
301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E.

KEEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND and
BLIGHT DESTROYER.— Best winter dressing for
Peach Trees, &c. No painting nor washing required. Syringe
as directed with Keel's Insecticide, wonderful results— destroys
alt Blight— imparts no flavour to Fruit— clean, healthy, and very
cheap. Send orders early to W. G, KEEL, Newton-St. Loe,
near Bristol (late Keel & Hawes, Baih) ; or lo Nurserymen.
Empties to Bath Station.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces 10 the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3J. , and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet etound. Boxes, 6d. and ts. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Oil Paint No Longer NecesBary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

H

for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, noiwiihslanding a host of unprincipled
Imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labouter, requires no mixing
or thinning, and h used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallous each, at js. bd. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or 11. &d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

" Pierce field Park, June 2t, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
orwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish lo Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Surs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."

CAUTION. — H\\.\. A Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c., sent fi-ee on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
rr8. Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiftany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

yoo

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 18S4.

TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER

J- (Pateni). Great Economy io Time and Libour. Sample
Box, containing six dozen, in three sizes, price 5J. Sold by

R. H. AND J. PEARSON. i<i and 143, Hieh Stree', Nolting
Hill. London, W. ; and J. W DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey,

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

Price of Boiler

Heat of

and'setof

4-in. Pipe
150 feet

Fittinijs.
£>^ 10 0

300 .,

6 15 0

400 „

850

500 ,1
600 „

9 10 0
10 15 0

\% ;:

12 5 0

13 15 0

1000 ,,

15 10 0

1250 „

i6co ,,

17 5 0
19 10 0

aooo „

32 10 0

Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1.

Have been giving unquali5ed satisfaction mote than 20 years.

T huusands in successful use.

Po^^l"^s the greatest area of heating furrace.

Will htat a greater length of pipe with le;s fuel than any other

boiler of same size.
Rf quire a shallow stokehole.

Have no joints at ihe ends of the tubes as in other tubu'ar boilers.
Will last longer than any other boiler

Ttie following Unsolicited TeBtlmonlal speaks for
itself: -

" The Gaidens, West Aihby. Horncaitie,Oct. 11, 1884
" Dear Sir5, — We have got the boiler fixed fa Horizontal
Tubulas A i Patent Dennis Boiler) ai.d welt tried. I am very
plea ed with if, both io its working and stoking. It makes ihe
pipes so hot that we cannot bear our hands on them, although
ihe arrangement of the pipes is very complicated. I never
charged it yet more than half full of coke We have another
range of houses healed with a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and it it wants an> thing doing to it I will have it repl ced
by one of yours. — lam, yours truly (signed) Geo. Murray."
New, RevUed, and Reduced PRICE LIST Just puhltshed,
post-free on appiicalioti.
CROMPTON AND FAWKES (formerly T. H. P. Dennis &
Co,^, Heating Engineers and Manufacluret?, Anchor Work=,
Chelmsford (London Office : Mansion House buildings).

THE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid, Waterway End Poller.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency.and Economy rf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted. '^

Long.

A, 19 in.
fi, 32 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in.

E, 38 in.

F, 33 in.

G, 36 in,
H, 42 in.
I, 48 in.
I. 54 if-
K, 60 in.

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener 0/ great experience :—*' It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping m at night that I know. It burns
anvthing." " It will become a universal favourite "

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wronght-iron BoiUts.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES,
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, £,a, 15 ; 100 feet size. £.1 15J,

if cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers. Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable /
For Coal!

KOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about it/.,
without attention. ForGreenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS. STOVRBRIDGB.

The Best

and Quickest

Uade.

4M11 EjcpaDsion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4*. -yi. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J, ftd. each.

Price Lift on application.

*'t.|:

Qi

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.
Straining Bolt eind Holdfast. — No. 6j5.

As illustrated above, price 41. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 6ji.

Terminal Holdfasts.
No. 63=. jij p^, j„

IS. od.

^ 2J4 3 3^-; inche
3</. 4'/. 5//. yd. per d

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

li gd., 2 ,. and zj. 6d. per loo yards.
Illustrated CATALOGUES on appikalion.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

Pnce, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphoa, 12 ft. of

4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, £,\ 4J.
Delivered free to any Station. Discount for cash.

This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It burns over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

" Loughborough " Boilers to heat up to 650 fL of 4-in. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints, &c., always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.
The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
ib delivered wiih pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

Note.— All genuine Boilers have *' The Loughboroufih
Boiler " cast on.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers,

*%ule!,E.'c""} LONDON BRIDGE.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Keoently Improved and B educed in Price.

Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating,
no*

11'/

1-:

m '

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS

of every description for HealinE Apparatus
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron and Wire Espalier, &c.

C A T A LOGU E Free. Please name tJds paper.

BAYLISS, JONES &¥aYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON;
And 3, Crooked Lane. King William Street, London. EC.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken ap^rt
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any statioQ
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free £,1 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ „ 4 15 o

6 feet long. 5 feet wide, ,, „ ., 3 tS o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide. ,, „ „ 6 10 o

'ihe glass is nailed and puttied in.

R. H ALLID A Y & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL EOW, LONDON, E C.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry,
Newcastle, Staffordshire,

W H LASCELLES and CO v»dl give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at lai, Bunhilt
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.

RUSSJA^MATS^

JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every
description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveting, Tying, and
Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO
PAPER, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND.
COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI-
CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced
CATALOGUE post-free on application.

149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.

Russia Mat Mercbants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
M ATS, for coveting, packing, &c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices applv to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, g, James Street, Covenl
Garden, W.C.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C.
B. & Son have alway.-; a large stock in London of 20 in. by
ifin., 30 in. by 14 in., 30 in. by 16 in., 30 in. by iSin., in t6-0E.
and 3I-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 3oo-ft. and ;ioo-ft. cases.

SPECIAL^ GLASS

CONSERVATORIES, VlNERIES,&c.

All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application*

T. & W. F A E, M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

701

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
PATENT VALVES, and all CASTINGS for
HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

'hot-water and
HOT-AIR APPARATUS
Erected Complete, or Materials supplied.
Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Price List on application.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE— \^th Edition— Price \s.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.

No. 37.
No. 63.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.

DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. (Gardens. &c.

No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49«. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. so and 54a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the

Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose fcr
Garden use.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Enifineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, *c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS, App.tratus for LIQUID MANURE distribuUon, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

^Ilwljjpi||l Ilea d~| |Hpij|M|^lM

Section of a Fafter before arid afiet
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STRIPS,

Sectton. 0/ a Window Sash-Bar before and
ajter Glazing.

Write for Prospectus, niuBtratlona,
and Testimonials.

GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post Free 3|d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

702

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884.

" Hand desinam donee perfecero."

R. S. D U N B A R

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.G.

HOT-WATER PIPES 2-inch, is.od.\ 3-inch, 1^.5^^; 4-inch, is. gd. per yard.

ELBOWS 2-inch, 1X4^'.; 3-inch, 2s. od.; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

"^ ^^ SYPHONS 2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, 35. oa'. ; 4-inch, 4.^.0^'. each.

y££3 2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, 35. o^. ; 4-inch, 4^. oil each.

A Discount for Cash to the Trade.

Rosher's Garaen Edging Tiler,

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
aic iiuidc in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially .^
suited (or KITCHEN'-
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up littTe room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edginps, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable ard of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F, RUSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E-

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME" FRAMES,

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also

for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3i. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c

F. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SILVER SAND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in loo and aco feet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 15-02. glass in
aoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FAEMILOE & SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, 'West Smlthfield, London, E C.

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACKFACKD LKTTRRS.

The Gardeners' Magazine says ; — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork. Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GHNRRAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSBS.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

SEND FOR

No 60 —Span-roof Plant Protector.

CATALOGUES.

No. 64 —Span-roof Plant Frame.

The Gardeners' favjurite Frame, used fur storing bedJin^
plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, &c..ar.
ranged to build on brickwork as show n, including 2 glass ends.

CASH PRICES. Carnage Paid.
Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases.

No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet ..;£4 is o .. ss.dd.
No. 3 .. II ,, .. 6 „ .. 6 lo o .. 6 6
No. 4.. i6,, ..6„.. 850.. 80
Height in front, 11 inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches.
Lights made 10 turn over. Set-opes for ventilating.

All the Frames painted four coats and

All these Frames carriage paid to any Railway Station
Packing Cases allowed for in full if returned with:

No. 2
No. 3
No.

CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid.
Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases.

8 feet . . 6 feet . . /3 7 6 . • 3'- W.
II „ .. 6 „ .. 4 17 S •• * °
.,„. , .. 16 „ ..6 „ .. 6 7 6 .. 4 «
Depth in front 13 inches, back 24 inches, lights 2 inches
thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light.
Lights only, 6 ft. X 4 ft., unglazed and unpainted, 6j. each.
Glazed with 21-oz. sheet elass and painted 4 coats, i6j. each.

glazed -with best 21-oz. English Glass,

in England and Wales, also to Edinburgh and Dublin,
in fourteen days in good order and duly advised.

FOSTER & PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS.

THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. Ey Rev. o. Fishkr.

Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price u. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS, a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.

By William Earley. Price is. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.

November 29, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

703

Good and Clieap Inaectlcldes.

TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH (Roll).—
Thoroughly reliable quality : low prices. Trade supplied.
RICHARDSON and CO., Tobacco Works. Leilh, N.B.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

m\~ The warmest coverioe for Pits and Frames. Sizes : — 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at %s. ; 6 ti. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 25. 2./. ; 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft. . 31. ^d. Aoply to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton. Tring.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGEHS'
ASSURANCE COMP.ANY, 64, CORNHIl.L,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
b.is the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and p;iys
yeaily the Largest amount of Compensation of any Accidental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie AL Farquhar, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railw.iy Stations, the Local Agents,
or West End Office, S, Grand Hotel Buildinqs, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head OtBcet 64, Cornhill, London. B.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Sireet. E.G. : Charing Cross. S.W. ;
Oxford Street (comer of Vere Street), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at

moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
T.arge bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

G-entlemen having Waste or TTnprofitable
liand

SHOULD APl'LV FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

TO

Mr. COOPER, F.K.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS. READING. BERKS.

DO POULTRY PAY?
See my Pamphlet, showing that I get 1580 eggs from
Twenty Hens in Six Winter months, /.<*., from October to April,
when eggs are of the highest value.

Unsolicited Testimonials, Condensed.
" It is doubtless to the study of this important question that
Mr. Lower owes his success,and is able to assuie us that poultry
can be made to ^2.y."~ Civil Service Gazette.

" This pamphlet gives exlraordin.try results of management of
Poultry."— Cf'w;^/^ Events.

*' Lord Lismore will be obliged if Mr. Lower will send him six
more pamphlets ' Do Poultiy Pay ? '"

Send stamped directed envelope and is. in stamps to the
author, Mr. M. H. LOWER, 19. Bath Parade, Cheltenham.

Now Ready, Svi>, price ns td. ; post-free, 2r. (^d.

OFFICIAL REPORT of the NATIONAL
APPLE CONGRESS, held at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens, Chiswick, in October, 1883.

Compiled and prepared by Mr. A F. BARRON.
London : MACMILLAN & CO., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

T

Now Beady.
HE GARDEN ANNUAL

for 1S85.

Contains a Complete List of over 7250 Country Seats,
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the United Kingdom ; over 800
New Names have been added to the Gardeners' List during the
past season. There is also the best Trade List published, cor-
rected to date. Price is., by post is. ^d.

Of all Nurserymen, Booksellers, and at 37, Souihampton
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since r£65, by F. Burvh-
NICH, F. Pavnaert, E. RoDiGAS, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, loj. per annum.

H. I. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.

PARTNER. — Advertiser is anxious to meet
with a Gentleman who would join him in Purchasing
and Working a Large and Valuable Nursery and Seed Business.
^Full particulars on application to N. Q., Gardeners' Ckrofttcle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

EPRESENTATIVE WANTED.— A Ger-

man House in the Seed Trade wants a Representative
■who is well connected amongst first-class Seedsmen in England
for the Sale, on Commission, of Field. Vejetable. and Flower
Seeds.^ — ^L. M,, 493. Messrs. Haasenstein & Vogler, Advertising
Agents. Magdeburg. Germany.

Blackpool Winter Gardens.

WANTED, an experienced and competent
man as HEAD GARDENER.— Applications, stating
age, experience, and wages required (enclosing not more than
three testimonials or references), to be addressed, before
December 4. to the SECRETARY, Winter Gardens, Blackpool.

ANTED, an experienced PROPAGATOR

and PLANT GROWER, for the Houses, Roses the
special culture.— Apply to CRANSTON'S NURSERY and
SEED COMPANY, King's Acre, Hereford.

T^'^'ANT^D, AT ONCE, for a Market Gar-

V V den, a thorough practical MAN, experienced in Plant-
ing and Pruning Fruit Trees.— Apply, stating where last
employed, and wages required, to WM. KNIGHT, Floral
Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex.

WANTED, a thoroughly competent young
MAN, to take Charge of Houses, Stove and Green-
home Plants. &c. Wages ;^r per week.— R. R.WHITFIELD.
The Gardens. Melton Park, Doncasler.

WANTED, a MANAGER, for a Lpndon
Warehouse, to Conduct a Business, principally in Cast-
ings for Hot-water Apparatus. Must have a thorough know-
ledge of the Trade, and have a good connection amongst Hot-
water Engineers, Market and other Gardeners. Those only
need apply whose character and qualifications will bear the
closest scrutiny. State salary expected. — Z., W. Portcous &
Co., Glasgow.

WANTED, to live in a lodge, a respectable
MAN (age .about 55) and WIFE, with one child : the
man to woik in the Garden under the Head Gardener, the wife
to attend to the Gate. Good ch.iracter indispensable. — Apply
by Ictler only to D. DON.VLD. The Green, Leyton, Essex.

Seedsmen.

WANTED, an active young man, as WORK-
ING WAREHOUSEMAN, to take Charge of Agri-
cultural Seed Department. — Apply, by letter, stating experience
and wages expected, to DRUMMOND BROTHERS, 83,
George Street, Edinbureh.

WANT PLACES.

*»* Gard<:ners and others seeking silicalions
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Hortiettltiiral Assents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

Thev are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application Jor the same by letter.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full panicuhars, when the best selections
for the (lilferent cipacities will be made. — Hollowav. N,

U^C~0~T C H G A iTU E NlilTs".

VD — John Downih. Seed--man, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
GARDENERS, wailing re-engagemenls, at wages ranging
from .jCso to ^100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full paiticiilars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

RI C H A R D S 7m I T H and clx
■ beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any_ Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

GARDENER (Head).— ;£io Bonus given to
any one being the mesns of procuring the advertiser a
situation as above. Character and abilities undoubted. Total
abstainer. — N. A., Gardeners' Chroiitcle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, married.—
A. Stevens is at liberty at once to engage with any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough good all-round Gar-
dener. Six years' character from present employer, and good
references. — The Gardens, Holywell Park, Wrotham, Kent.

CI ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of
T Hollanden. Tonbridge. wishes to highly recommend his
Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight
years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on
account of family moving to Town. — For particulars apply to
P. C. HARDWICK, Esq., address as above.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept. — Age 30, married, one child. Leaving Dec. 6.
Fourteen years' practical experience in all branches of the pro-
fession. Three years and nine months in present situation.
Good references from present and previous employers, — JOHN
HAMMOND, The Gardens, Boldre Grange, Lymington,
Hants.

ARDENER (Head).— John Leman

begs to offer his services to any Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiring a really practical man. Well versed in all the
most important branches of Horticulture. Two years' entire
charge of the Conservatory Department of the Royal Dublin
Society's Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. Copies of unexceptional
testimonials.— OLANTIGH, Pudding Lane, Chigwell Row,
Essex.

GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Married,
two children ', fi'teen years' experience both under Glass
and in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. —
M. W., Kiddington, Woodstock, Oxon.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31 ;

no incumbrance. Thoroughly understands his busiDe>s.
Wife as Plain Cook, take care of House, or do Plain Needle-
work.—J. T., 2, Colline Villas Cromwell Road, Red Hill, Surrey.

C^ ARDENER (Head Working, where two
A or more are kept). — Age 27 ; thoroughly understands
the profession in all its branches. Thirteen years' experience.
Character will bear the strictest investigation, — J. DREW,
"The Gardens, Goodrich Court, Ross, Herefordshire.

C GARDENER (Head Working).—
^ Thorouehly experienced in Orchids, Stove and Green-
house Plants, Forcing Fruiis and Flowers, Klower and Kitchen
Gardening. South preferred.— J. M. PHILLIPS, Florian,
Tot quay.

C;j_ARDEN£R (Single-handed), or where
•" help is given. — Age 32. single ; understands Vines, Green-
house, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Fifteen years' experience
in good places. Gaod references.— A. B., Mr, Sprattley, Sta-
tioner, South Street, Dorking.

C^ARDENER (SECOND).— Age 21 ; four

VJ years' experience. Excellent character from present
employer.— L. HOUGH, 8, Kenilworth Terrace, Portland
Road. Nottingham.

/:i ARDENER (Second). — Young ;

V_J thoroughly practical and respectable. — Recommended
by Mr. McGregor, H-ad Gardener to Mr. Strachan, Farm-
hdl House, near Stroud, Gloucestershire.

GARDENER (Second). — Age 27, married
when suited ; thirteen years' experience in all branches.
Excellent character from last situation.^ W. MAGGS) 18,
Rectory Place, Fulham, London, S.W,

To the Trade.

MANAGER, or GENERAL FOREMAN.
— W. F. GfNN, many years Foreman at the Solihull
Nurseries, and late of the Newton Nurseries, Chester, offers
his services as above. Thirty years' experience, Indoors and
Out. Good knowledge of Growing for Market and the Cut
Flower Trade. — Address above, Acocks Green. Birmingham,

"I:j10REMAN I'RUIT and PLANT

-L GROWER. — Single ; many years* practical Propagating
Roses under glass, also Kruit, Flowcing Bulbs, Roots, and
Pot Plants for Cut Bloom and London Markets.— X. Y. Z.,
Bookis Cottage, All Saints Street, Hastings.

FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, under
glass. — Age 25, single ; well up in Growing for Market,
and N urscry Work generally. G jod Salesman. First-class
icferences, — H. H., 120, Upper Thrift Street, Northampton.

FOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and
GROWER, Market or otherwise.— Twenty-two years*
practical experience in producing large quantities of Cut
Flijwcrs and Flowering Pl.inis, Hard or Soft-wooded, as Bou-
vardias. Cyclamens, 'I'ree Carnations, double Primulas ; also
Stove Plants, Palms, Ferns, Roses. Vines, &c. — J. S.,
7, Hawthorn Terrace, Chase Road, Souihgate, N.

Tj^OREMAN PROPAGATOR. — Twenty

-A- years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Roses,
Rhododendrons, Clematis, Conilera:, also Bouquets, Wreaths,
iS:c.— ALPHA, The Manse, Sutton-on-Trent. Newark, Notts.

PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and
FOREMAN, or MANAGER of small Nursery.—
Thorough experience. — R. W., 5, Alexandra Terrace, Enners-
cl;ile Road, Lewisham. S, E.

"l)ROPAGATOR and GROWER, for Market

J- or otherwise.- Age 29, single; well experienced in
Market Work. Good character. — E. K. B., 42, Factory Terrace,
Romford, Essex.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.-
Age 22 ; bothy preferred. Kindly state particulars. —
EDWARD GRAY, OakhiU Terrace, St. Mary's Road, Reigate.

JOURNEYMAN, age 24. — Mr. Mann,

^ Gardener to Sir W. E. Welby Gregory, Bart., Denton
Hall, Grantham, has pleasure in recommending a steady and
energetic young man, who has been under him four years,

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment;
age 2t. — C. Sandtord, Watcomb Park, near Torquay,
can with confidence recommend to any Gardener a thoroughly
respectable, steady, active, good woiking young man, either
for Pleasure Ground cr Kitchen Garden. Bothy preferred.
Anxious to improve and make himself useful. Further par-
ticulars address as above.

fro NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, re-engage-

-L ment in a Nursery, by a young man, having seven years'
experience in general wjik. Age 22. — A. B., Railway Hotel,
Twickenham.

rpo GARDENERS.— Wanted, lor a respect-

-L able youth with good educarion, just le t school {ai;c 15),
a situation under a thorough Gardener, where he wobld be able
to learn all branches of gardening. Wdling to give small
premium if required. — G. £. B., J02, Pavilion Road, Sloane
Street, London, S.W.

MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.—
Age 30; fourteen years' experience in the Wholesale
and Retail Seed Trade. First-class references. — J. C,
Gardeners' Chronicle QG^c^, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abilities. —
T. H. 50, Faenchwood Street, Preston.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 26 ; eleven years' ex-
perience. Qualified in all branches of the trade. Un-
exceptional references. — W. O., Box 68, Post-cffice, Chester.

SHOPMAN. — Age 23; six and a half years'
experience in Seeds, Plants, Flowers, &c. Good refer-
ences.— IBERXS, 31, St. George Square, Tonbridge Road,
Maidstone.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Good
Countei-hand, efficient in Garden and Farm Seeds, Bulbs,
and the general routine of the business. — R. 0., J. Stuart,
3, North St, David Street, Edinburgh.

F" LORIsfs and SEED MERCHANTS.—
A young girl (age 23) has a good knowledge of Maiket
Trade, would attend the same. — Ebeiiezer Vilb, George Street,
Balsall Heath, Birmingham.

To FLORISTS and SEEDSMEN. -^
Situation wanted, by a \oung Lady accustomed to the
Business. Good references. —J. V., 24, Adelaide Vi.Ia^, St.
Mary's Grove, Richmond.

" DurlDg 40 years' usage of

DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS
by me, for Coughs, ColJs, and In flammed Lungs,
always, in the worst atlatks. before taking two small boxes. I
have bten all w^t.." —{Signed) Auraham Holdhn. Mill Matv-
agir. Gorton I ilia, Gonan, Manchester. DR. LOCOCK'S
WAFERS instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Con-
sumption, Brunchiiis, Coughs, Colds,— and taste pleasantly.
Sold at IS. ij/id. and 2s. gd. per Box, by all Druggists.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS".
— This Ointment affords the shortest, safest, and easiest
path to soundness in all kinds of skin diseases, scrofulous affec-
tions, scorbutic maladies, ulcerations, eruptions, and iriflamma-
tions. 'I'here is nothing deleterious in the composiuonof Hollo-
ways Ointment, but on ihe contrary its ingredients possess the
moit soothing, purifying, and strengthening qualuie?, so that ic
can bs Used with perfect safety by persons of all aees. The
delicate skin of inlants is not irritated by its application, and it
is equally adapted for subduing the tedious ulcerations attacking
the aged. In all constitutional, chronic, and complex affections,
HoHoway 's Pills should be taken whilst his Ointment is being used,
in order that all baneful matter may be expelled from the system.

704

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[November 29, 1884,

NEAV EARLY CABBAGE

EVIDENCE

OF

QUALITY,

FROM

G. T. MILES,

Gardener to Lord
Carringti^n,

WYCOMBE ABBEY.

"June 3.
"As a large early variety,
in my opinion it stands un-
rivalled, producing very large
tender heads of good flavour,
very early in the spring
season."

EVIDENCE

or

QUALITY,

FROM

D. T. FISH,

HARDWICKE,
BURY ST. EDMUNDS.

" As to the Cabbage, it is
superb, and I do think it
very much improved ; your
strain is wonderfully perfect
and true, and I never wish
for a finer Cabbage.

" For Winter^ Spring, and
in fact all the year round
Cabbage, I wish for none
better than Allaris Incom-
parable!'

ALLAN'S INCOMPARABLE.

This new variety was raised by Mr. ALLAN, Head Gardener to the Right Honourable Lord Suffield,

Gunton Park, Norwich.

From the numerous Testimonials we have received in favour of this distinct early Cabbage we have every
confidence in offering it to the Public, feeling sure it will prove a valuable addition to our Spring Vegetables.

Being a quick-growing and white-veined variety it is consequently very tender, and of delicate flavour, and
will be found quite an aQ.quisition to the Gentleman's Gardener and the Grower for Market.

EVIDENCE OF QUALITY.

April 4.— From Hr. J. H. GOODACRE, Gardener to tlie Earl of Earrlngton,

Elvaston Castle.

" I find them very early, nnd of good quality, and are very hardy."

May 10.— From Mr. J. CLARKE, Gardener to Lord Hastings, Melton Constable.

" I can Iruly assert that for all the year round use it is matchless. It is also
splendid for the Exhibition table."

June 2.-From Hr. H. OCLEE Rardener to tlie Marchioness of Lothian,
suckling HaU.

" I can safely say it by far exceeds anything I have yet grown both for earliness
and flavour."

June 2.-From Mr. WILLIAM DAWSON, Gardener to the Earl of Orford,
Wolverton Hall.

* ' Your Cabbage is the earliest large Cabbage that I have ever tried ; the leaves
turn in when quite young, may be used in a young and tender state, or will stand and
grow to a large size. "

June 2 —From Mr. S. LYON, Gardener to sir Edward Scott, Bart , Sundrldga

Park, Kent.

" I am pleased to bear testimony to the value of your Cabbage, having grown it
and seen it grown at Gunton in successive seasons, and found it, in all cases, a most
valuable addition, far exceeding other varieties in cultivation."

Juno 2.-From Mr. CHARLES HOWE. Gardener to Sir R. F. Sutton, Bart.,

Benham Park
" I gave your new Cabbage a fair trial with four other leading varieties, and found
it supenor to any of them. It is not only earlier, but a decided improvement as regards
quality and substance, also in size."

Jane 3 -From Mr. WILLIAM PRATT, Market Gardener, Northrepps.

" I have gi-eat pleasure in speaking highly of your Cabbage. It is a very early
large variety, of good shape, and very tender. It is a good Cabbage for market, as il
comes in as soon as the small sorts and will fetch a higher price."

June 3.-From Mr. WILLIAM CHETTLEBURGH, Gardener to Colonel Rous,
Worstead House.
" Your Cabbage is the earliest large Cabbage that I have seen. It is also remark-
ably lender, and an excellent sort for a gentleman's garden or for exhibition."

June 3 -From Mr. WILLIAM ELPHINSTONE, Gardener to M. Mundy. Esa
Shipley HaU.

" Your Cabbage has this se.ason very plainly demonstrated its superiority
over all others grown by me, withstanding drought and winter better and hearting
earlier."

June 4. -From Mr. H. BENHAM, Gardener to Lady Ashburton, Melchet Court.

" I consider your Cabbage the best in cultivation, being large, early, and of good
quality. Grown side by side with other well-known varieties it has proved itself
considerably in advance of them. "

Juno 6.— From Mr. J. MILL, Gardener to Lord Rendlesham. M P.,
Rendlesham Hall.
" I cannot speak too highly of your Cabbage, or say too much for its good
all-round qualities. I shall not grow any other sort here, as it is impossible lo have
a better."

Sold only in Sealed Packets, Is. each, Retail.

PRICE TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

A List of the Trade from whom this New Cabbage can be obtained will be published in a future number of this paper.

DANIBLS BROS., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS,

THE ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH,

the said

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street Covent Garden London W C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex 'and Pubibhed bv
►aid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Welhngton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. November 29, 1884. '

Agent for Manchester— loHN Hbvwood.

Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstatUfiljeti 1841.

No. 571.— Vol. XXII. {s^rIes.} SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1884. {

Registered at the General
Post 'Office as a Newspaper.

'■}

Price 5d.

POST-FREIi, S4rf.

CONTEXTS.

Acorns and cattle .. 725 Lycsste plaua .. .. 715

American Apples .. 72a M.-isilevaltia vilifera .. 723

Angrxcum Koischyi .. 712 National Chrysanthemum

Apple, the Sandnneham 7^4' Society .. ,. .. 722

Begonia, a new bidding. 721 New Hall, Hey, Rawten-

Boilcrs. tubular .. .. 725 ' stall 718

Books 7*8 Obituary 729

Botanic Garden, St. Oncldium Phalasnopsis . . 723

Petersburg .. .. 713 Orchids at Mr. W. Bvill's 715

Bottom-heat .. 734 Plants and their culture . 718

Chrysanthemum shows.. 718 , Potato, the cultivation of

Chrysanthemums at the . . . . 7 j-^

Becchwood Park 72%' „ scab 7?4

,, new .. .. .. 717 ' Propagator, the ,. .. 718

Conservatory decoration 722 Rhododendron Toverense 712

Covent Garden salesmen 720 Societies : —

Cyclamens, then and I Exeter and Devon

now .. .. ,. 721 Chrysanthemum .. 728

Cypripediums in cold Hull and East Riding

frames in summer . . 7(4 Chrysanthemum . . 727

Cultivation of Chrj-san- International Forestry

ihemums . . . . 724 Exhibition, the . . 727

Dendrobiumcumulatum. 714 Loughborough Chry-

Disease of Parsnips .. 7161 santhemum and Fruit

Floral colours .. ,, 7221 Show 727

Forestry 715 Massachusetts Horti-

,, Dr. J. C. Brown on 720 ' cultural .. .. 728

Fruit trees, pruning of .. 726' Royal Horticultural

Fruits under glass ,. 719 Society's committees 724

Fumigating frames .. 725 Scottish Horticultural

Garden, the hardy fruit . 7191 Association .. .. jij

,, Palms . . . . 728 Yeovil Chrysanthemum 728

Grape shanking ., .. 725 York Ancient Florists'

Hot-water pipes and tar . 725 ChrysanthemumShow 737

KenGeld . . . . .. 711 Testudinaria sylvatica . . 721

Xdw notes. . . . . . 729 Weather aspects . . . . 723

Lselia elegans var. alba., 714 „ the 729

ILLUSTRATIONS.

App?e. the Sandringham 723

Director's House, the, in the Botanic Garden, St. Peters-

Peronospora nivea . . . . ..716

Protomyces macrosporus .. .. .. .. ..716

Rhododendron Toverense 721

burg 717

View in the Botanic Garden, St. Pelsrsburg .. .. 713

A 0 TICK to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now l>c made payable at

DRURV LAXE.

Now Ready, in cloth, 16s.

rHE GARDEXERS' CHRONICLE,
VolumeXXI., JANUARY to JUNE, 1884.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY"

South Kensington, S.W.

NOTICE : — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at II A.M., in the Conservatory ; Scientific at i, in the
Library. GENERAL MEETING for the Electioi of
Fellows at 3r.M., in the Gallery of the Conservatory, on
TUESDAY NEXT, Decembers.

N.E.— Entrance for Fellows and Exhibitors west side of
Royal Albert Hall.

CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 v.M. Prospectus and

full particulais on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

LARCH. — 1,000,000 to offer. Cheap, lifted
last Spring. All strong, with good roots : 3 to 4 feet. 16s. ;
4 to 5 feet. i8j. : s feet, 20s. per 1000. Apply
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseries, Easingwold.— Nov. 8. 1884.

Strong Tboms for Hedging.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS can
supply the above, in large quantities.
Leitb Walk Nursery, Edinburgh.

Cut Flowers.

ROSES, CARNATIONS, and other Flowers.
Prices and conditions to be had on application to
C. KELLER AND CO., Florists, Bcaulieu, near Nice, France.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Fine stro'ng sound

plump Bulbs. Prices, and where desired samples, on
applicacion.

THOMAS S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.

STRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for
immediate workine, 25J. per loco, £jo per 10,000.
A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by
ZwoUe, Holland.

RUIT TREES for SALE.— Favourite

Cluster DAMSON, Victoria Bush and New Orleans
PLUMS. lo.cooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES, Black and
Red CURRANTS, COB TREES, 20000 true DAMSON
SPAWN, 3104! eet.

A. SEAR, Mr. Slcinner, East Faileigh, Kent.

Roses.

HLANE AND SON have a fine stock of
• extra strong Standards to cffer, at 15X. per dozen, or
purchaser's selection at i8r. per dozen ; Half-Standards at 12s.
per dozen : Dwarfs, qs. and loj. per dozen. Descriptive
CATALOGUE free.

The Nurseries. Bcrkhamstead, Herts.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are
now being booked for the New Varieties of 1S84 at los.
per doz. ; Cuttings, 1S83 varieties, 5J. per doz. ; best Old
Varieties, is. 6d. per doz. Post-free for P.O.O.

R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

QPECIMEN RHODODENDRONS, 8 to

k_? lo feet, and as much through, the property of a gentle-
man. Will be sold cheap, Apply to

JOHN LAING AND CO., Forest Hill, London, S.E.

CHRISTMAS TREES and E \^ E R-
GREENS. — For every description'of Christmas Decorat-
ing. CATALOGUES ready. Apply to

W. JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale.

EngUsb Oak, Spanlsli Chestnut.

HLANE AND SON have a large quantity
• of the above to offer, fine clean grown stuff, 2 to 3 feet,
3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, and other FOREST TREES.
The Nurseries, Beikharastead, Herts.

AUREL, ROTUNDIFOLIA, the hardiest
and best Laurel, iH to 2 feet. iOs per 1000. SCOTCH
FIR, fine. 2J2 to 3 feet, 30J. per icoo. Oiher trees cheap.
W. JACKSON. Blakedown. Kidderminster.

CAMELLIAS.— A choice collection of Speci-
men Plants for Sale, 3 to 7 feet high, in tubs : also
ALPINE AURICULAS, named sorts.

GARDEN, 97. South Street, Exeter.

GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
Surrey.

E A K A L E, for Forcing ; VINES;

PEACHES and NECTARINES in pots-fruiting tiees ;
Dwarf Maiden FRUIT TREES, Dwarf ROSES. LIST on
application.

WILL TAYLER, Osbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

To the Trade.

ASPARAGUS, extra strong, or Forcing,
Giant and Connover's Colossal, 3 and 4 years. 20J. per io;o.
E. P. DIXON, The Nurseries, Hull.

OR SALE, Four Tons of JERUSALEM

ARTICHOKES. Apply to
G. COX, Leigh Park, Havant.

To Florists and Wholesale Gardeners.

PRICE LISTS WANTED, especially of
ASSORTED POT PLANTS. Address—
CARL SENSENHAUSER, Kunst-u. Handelsg;.rlner,
Pretsch-on-the-Elbe, Germany.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
are open to receive consignments of GRAPES, TOMATOS,
CUCUMBERS, Choice FLOWERS, &c.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H aTm,

O giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M .

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

beg to inform Senders that GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
and STEPHANOTIS are in demand.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, WXf,

have now a demand for Tuberoses. Arum Lilies, White
Bouvardias, good Roses. Chrysanthemums, &c.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To-
matos. Cucumbers, GrosColmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.

ACATTANEO, CoM.MissiON Sale.sman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Marker, Covent Gifrden,
W.C. is Open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

WANTED, 400 strong Black Italian
poplar, about 15 feet high ; also 100 strong Hunt-
ingdon WILLOWS, about 12 feet high. State price. &c., to

Z. .WELBOURNE. The Gardens, Woodhouse, Stanstead,
Essex.

Feach and Nectarine.

WANTED, an Old Noblesse PEACH and
a good NECTARINE that have been well trained,
and that will remove with safety. Stems about 3 feet and head
9 or 10 feet across. Price, with other particular?, to
JOHN CARTER, Nursery, Keighley.

HYBRID GLADIOLI.-The cheapest and
ihe best in the Trade. HOOPER'S WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be forwarded on application.

HOOPER ANU CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C

Autumn Planting.

THE LAWSON SEED .nnd NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have, as usual, an
extensive Stock of healthy, well grown seedling and trans-
planted FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, IRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c., special offers of
which will be made on application.

DAHLIA TUBER"s.— All the best varieties
of the following sections : — Show, Fancy, and Pompons,
Singles; also Cactus and Seroi-Caclns varieties. Special cffe
may be had upon application to

THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham.
London.

To Osier Growers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen.

BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,
now Grow and Cut yearly loo acres and upwards of
OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according
to quantity required.

Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application.

Tea Roses.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

H~~ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTST—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nursenes, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

A R R'S DAFFODILS.

Now is the time 10 plant these.

Illustrated DAFFODIL LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON. 12. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

B

HYBRID RHODODENDRONS, all colours
mixed, i\zXQ7%h., 40J, 100. Hardy Azaleas, fine bushes
in bud, ^QS. 100. — W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster,

LOIRE DE NANCY" CARNATION,

the best white Clove in cultivation, foj. perioo, 8^. per
dozen. MRS. SINKINS. the best white Clove Pink, 30J, per
100, 4J. per dozen. OLD CRIMSON CLOVE, 30J. per ico,
4f. per dozen. All strong plants, established in pots.

POUNCE'S Nursery, Hcndon, near London. N.W.

W~ ' Tlliam "barron and so>rs
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Forest Trees. Conifers,
and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons,
Roses, &c,, is now ready, and may be had, post-free, on
application.

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, near Derby.

HyaclntliUB candlcans.

BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,
offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 501. per 1000.

Special Offer to the Trade.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA.— 50000
(fifty thousand) extra strong flowering bulbs of the above
offered for sale. General LIS V of Cape Bulbs now ready.

ROBT. TEMPLEMAN, Colonial Seedsman and Florist,
12, Castle Street, Cape Town, Capeof Gocd Hope.

ROSES— ROSES— ROSES.— 25,000 Dwarf
Roses, H.P., strong Plants, in all the leading varieties,
true to name, 5J". per dozen, 30J. per 100, jC^A per 1000.

TEA RObES, from 5-inch pots, best varieties only, 6j-. per
dozen. 45,?. per jod — my selection. Send for sample dozen.
Manetti Stocks, for buddmg next season, 51. per loo. packages
included.

C. ALLEN, Stone Hill Nursery, Heigham, Norwich.

Grape Vines —Grape Vines.
TRELAND and THOMSOiN have a large

J- and thoroughly ripened stock of the above in Planting and
Fruiting Canes. CATALOGUES on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

ASPBERRY CANES.—

An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' ProliSc
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in Engl.ind. special care will be taken to .select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an eaily fruiting.
Lowest cash terms on application to
R. BATH. Crayford. Kent.

OOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's

Prolihc RASPBERRY.— Strong 2 and 3-yr. old Lanci-
shire Lads amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. — Apply to

W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Isleworth, W.

For Sale.

r) ASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black
V CURRANT TREES, and Victoria RHUBARB SETS.
Apply, R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

SE a"k A lIe and A S P A R A G U S.
Crowns for Forcing. Anply to
WILLIAM BAGLEY, M lUhot Farm, Fulbara, S-W.

7o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884,

SALES BY AUCTION.

Dutch Bulbs.— Monday, Thursday, and Saturday

To Gentlemen, Florists, and Others desirous of Planting largely.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 63. Cheapside, E.G., on MONDAY, THURS-
DAY, and SATURDAY NEXT, December 8, ii, and 13, at
half-past II o'clock precisely each day. e.vtensive consignments
of DUTCH BULBS, from two of the principal growers in
Holland, comprising abuut 30.000 named Hyacinths of sorts,
20,000 Tulips, icOjOoo Crocus, 3CC0 Polyanthus. Jic, all first-
class bulb-, in lots to suit large and small buyers.

On view mornings ot Sale, and Catalogues had^

Tuesday Next.
The FALLOWFIELD COLLECTION of ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instruciions to SELL by AUCTION,
at iheir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G.. on
TUESDAY NEXT. December 9. at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a very valuable lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
comprising matjy large specimens and rare species. Among
others may be mencioned : —

Dendrobium Ainsworlhii Ccclogyne Lemoineana

„ thjTaiflorum, a special Masdevallia Winmana.

variety. ,, Veitchii grandiflora —

,, densiliorum, one of the flowers 7 inches across,

finest specimens in the ,, Schliraii
country. ,, ignea militaris

Cypripedium politum ,, Armeni

,, vexillarium, probably the Vanda insiffnis— Ainsuorth's
grandest specimen variety

extant. Odontoglossum pr;estans

,. Sedeoi superbum „ coronarium

Af rides maculosum 1, asperjum

Mnxillaria Sauderiana ,. nevadense

C'tlogyne Massangeana Laslia furfuracea

Also an unusually grand lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM
ALEXANDR.t:, from Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers,
67 and 63, Cheapside. E.C.

Wednesday Next.-LUles, Roses, and Plants.

MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
December 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, without reserve,
15,000 unmuaily fine bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, and two
cases of special LILIES, just received from Japan ; 300
CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and other PLANTS from Bel-
gium ; 600 Standard and other ROSES, of the best sorts, from
an English Nursery ; a collection of Hardy English-grown
LILIES, including extra lar^e bulbs of the finest varieties
ia cultivation ; LILY of the VALLEY, SPIR/EAS, aud an
assorimeut of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ^__^

Wednesday Next.— 15,000 LUium auratum.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their SALE at their Central Auction
Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT.
December 10, at half-past iz o'Clock precisely, 15,000 Bulbs of
LILIUM AURAIUM, and 2 cases of special LILIES, just
received from Japan, in unusually fine condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA ACLANDI^^, petals primrose, lip pure white.
CATTLEYAS, from Uniied States of Columbia.
PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA, highly coloured variety.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at thtir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY
NEXT, December i?, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by
order of Mcbsrs. Hugh Low & Co., a large quantity of choice
imported ORCHIDS, in the best possible condition, comprising
Cattleyas, from the United States of Columbia, which appear
very distinct; C, AcUndia;. C. amelhystoglossa, Lielia pur-
purata, MasdevalliaracemosaGrossi, Udontoglossum Alexandrae,
O. Roezli, Pna)a:Dopsis Sanderiana, and also a variety from a
new locality ; Vanda Sanderiana, V, insignis, true ; also Acrides,
Angrarcums, Cypiipediums, and a plant found in flower by
Mr. Boxall of Cattleya Aciandis, with a pure white lip, dried
flowers of which will be on view.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

On Friday Next.

Several Cases of BURMESE ORCHIDS, received direct.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sate Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT,
December 12.

M

Preliminary Notice of an Important Sale of the
entire COLLECTION of COOL ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS formed by the late J. S. Bockett, Esq., of The
Hall, Stamford Hill, N.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from the Administratrix
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside. E.G., on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
December 16 and 17. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day,
the whole of the »ar-famed COLLECTION of COOL ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS, probably the grandest lot, both in
regaid to varitties and to supeiior cultivation, that have ever
been submitted to public competiiion.

The whole of the plants will be Sold Without Reserve, and
none will be disposed of previouily to the Auction.

Mr. EIJBAGE, the Head Gardener, will be happy to show
the plants, and to afford information coecerniug them.

Upper Halllford, Middlesex.

34 Acres of Capital Tithe-free ARABLE and MEADOW
LAND, with Two Cottages thereon.

MESSRS. GOUGH and DOVE will LET
by AUCTION, at ihe " Flower P. t " Hotel, Sunbury,
on TUESDAY, December 16, at 3 o'Clock, in one lot, for a term
ol 99 years, direct from the Fretholder, a very desirable and
compact Tithe-lree ESTAl'E of 29 a. 2 r. o p. (with powers to
increase it to 34 Acres) of capital ARABLE and MEADOW
LAND, in a good state of cultivation, with Two Cottages
thereon, admirably adapted for Biiildmg. Market Garden, Hot-
liculiural, and Nursery Purposes ; beautifully situate, abmiing on
the road leading fiom Upper Halliford to Charlton, Littleton,
and ChertsRy, boundid on one side by the Thames Valley Line
of the London and South- Western Railway, about 400 yards
from the Shepperton Station, and in the rear by a beautilul
running stream of water.

May be viewed at any time piior to the Auction, and particu-
lars, with plan and condition:^ of letting, had at the place of
letting : and of Messrs. GOUGH and DOVE, Auctioneers,
Surveyors and Land Agents, Sunbury-on-Thameii.

Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6790.)
FIRST-CLASS DUTCH BULBS.
R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by

AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S, King Stieet,
Govent Garden, W.G., on MONDAY NEXl", December 8,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 9^0 lots of first-class HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS,
GLADIOLI, LILIUMS, and other DUTCH BULBS, in lots
to suit all buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.-(Sale No. 6791.)

20C0 LILIUM AURATUM, HOME-GROWN LILIES, and

other Lilies.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 3.S. Kinfi Street,
Covent Garden, on TUESDAY NEXT, Decejiber 9, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of soao LI LIU. VI
AURATUM from Japan, 3C00 South African TUBEROSES,
Hatdy ORCHIDS ol sous, tso LILIUM HARRlSIl, choice
Home-grown LILIES, includi[ig most of the best species in cul-
tivation , consignments of BULBS from Algiers, and HELLE-
BORES from Germany ; also 500 MILLA BIFLORA, 500
TIGKIDIA CONCHIFLORA and others. 500 ORNITHO-
GALUM GRACILIS, ico MONTBRETTIA POTTSII, 1000
gigantic crowns of LILY of the VALLEY, 100 fine ptanls of
IRIS KOBINSONIANA, and 100 CARNATIONS, including
Mary Morris, W. P. Milner, &c. ; DUTCH BULBS in
variety, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-CSale No. 6792.)

20c.. First-class ROSES, PLANTS from Ghent, DUTCH

BULBS, &o.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Decem-
ber 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 2000 first-class
Standard, Half-sUndard, and Dwarf ROSES, from one of the
best English Nurseries : a Consignment of choice-named AZA-
LEAS, Hybrid RHODODENDRONS. PALMS, and
DRACyENAS, from Ghent; HARDY HERBACEOUS
PLANTS. DUTCH BULBS of sorts, Sic.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6793.)

CATTLEYA AUREA, splendid importation.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTIO.M. at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C , by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
THURSDAY NEXT, December ri, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a superb importation of the rare and superb CAT-
TLEYA AUREA. in unusually fine condition ; a fine batch of
C. BOGOTENSIS, marked and specially fine v.ttieties ; a
quantity of the lovely C. CHOCOENsIS. PESCATOREA
KLABOCHORUM, and many ORCHIDS of value.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6793 )
CATTLEYA LABIATA, Autumn-flowering var., in Bloom.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
December 11, a fine plant of the true Autumn-lljwering CAT-
TLEYA LABIATA, in flower, with nine bulb^ and leads ; and
a few other good ORCHIDS coming into Bloom, from a private
Collection.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6793.)

4 Cases of ARAUCARI.AS, as received, each containing

upwards of 500 plants, in fine condition.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY
NE.XT, December it.

On view morning of Sale, and Cutalogues had.

Flowering Orchids.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SALE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will
take place on THURSDAY. December 18. Gentlemen desirous
of entering Plants for this Sale will please send particulars not
later than THURSDAY NEXT.
Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W C.

The Brixton Auction Rooms. Loughboro' Road, S.W.

EARLY SALES of ROSES and SHRUBS.

MESSRS. PEED AND GREAVES, HORTI-
CULTURAI, AucrioNEKRS, will SELL by AUCTION
as above, on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT,
December 10 and 13, at la for r o'Clock precisely, 250 lots of
Standard and Dwarl ROSES. Pyramid and Sl.an.1atd FRUIT
TREES, CAMELLIA STOCKS, GOLDEN EUONYMUS,
and EVERGREEN SHRUBS.

May be viewed the day prior, and Catalogues had of the
Auctioneers, r. Holland Road, Brixton, London, S.W.

W' ANTED TO RENT, a SMALL NUR-
SERY, about seven or eight miles from Covent Garden,
to consist of three or four Greenhouses, with Ground attached.
Residence connected preferred, or must be obtainable near.

H. H., Cardciters Chronicle Office, 4r, Wellington Street,
Strand. WjC.

T:)ARTNERSHIP, or SALE. — Florists. —

JL Advertiser, who is in possession, uoder a Lease for
twenty-one years, at a very low rents', of commodious
NURSERY GROUNDS, with good Glass and appliances,
situate within 5 miles of London, wishes to meet with a Gentle-
man with Capual, lo Purchase a Half Share or Take the Whole
of the Business, which, with additional capiial, can he greatly
extended, by erecting further houses, which, with the appli-
ances, now on the ground, a good return can be realised. The
houses are well stocked with selected Plant---.

Address, Mr. LOMAX, Solicitor, 9, Great Russell Street,
Eloomsbury. W.C.

Mlddlesex-Between Southall and Hounslow.

TU BE LET, 15 Acres of FRUIT PLANTA-
TION with large House and Outbuildings. Also 9 Acres
of MEADOW LAND near. Rent ;Cj5o.

Apply 10 K. P. NEWMAN. Market Gardcnetb* Valuer and
Auctioneer, High Street, Uxbridge.

Orape Houses.
''PO BE LET, for Seven or Fourteen Year?

J- Three Double GREENHOUSES, each tco feet ^ 20 feet
Hot-water Pipes ar.d Kitlings complete, willi a Deta'
COTTAGE and (GARDEN, 420 feet ■ by 1 .:o feel, of very
soil suitable for Nurseries.

Apply to FREEHOLDER, Chas. Tayler's Advertisement
Offices, 15^, Fleet Street, E,C

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, FlorlBt and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OI".

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

P^ROTHEROE and morris, HoRTicui.-
TURAL, Market Garden and Estate AucTiuMiEKs and
Valuers, 67 and CS, Cheapside. London, EC, and at Lcyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

OHN KENNARD'S Horticultural

Sunt El Rs, Peat, Loam, Sand, and LSerkshire Pottery
Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requivjie.
Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Establiihed 1S54.

''fi M I L L fN G T ON AND CO., English

JL • and Foreign Shket and Plate Glass, White Lead,
Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchanis,
45, Commercial Street, E.

Hyacinths In Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYCINTHS
can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston super-Mare.
Price List free.

Rhubarb ana Seakale Forcing

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

ONEY WANTED.— jCso or ^loo for

improvements. Glass and Stock-in-trade, Will give
10 per cent interest, payable in advance. Principal repayable
in 2 years if desired. Reference and security on application.
No professional moneylenders treated with.

Address, in first instance, to H. H., Messrs. Hurst & Son,
152. Houndsditch, London, E.

PEACHES and NECTARINES, Pyramids,
in Pots. 12 and 13-inch, well set with Fiuit-Buds, for Sale,
or EXCHANGE far dwarf-trained Trees. Apply to

E. AVLING, Forty Hill. Enfield, Middlesex.

"pOWLAND MAY offers the undermentioned

-L*' Surplus Stock, all of which has been frequently tran'-
planted, and being grown in a very cold climate and an exposed
nursery are certain to do well when moved : —
CHESTNUTS, Horse. 7 to 9 feet, very stout good trees, with

good roots, 6j. per d' ^en, 45i-. per 100.
LIMES, 7 to 8 feet, grown thinly, 9.^". per dozen, 70.T, per 100 ;

5 to 7 feet, straight, clean trees, red twigged variety, uii-

trimnied, 6i. per dozen. 45J. per ico.
HORNBEAM, 5 to 8 feet, very strong, with good roots, \s,

per. dozen, 30J, per ico.
WALNUTS. 3 to 4 feet, 41. per dozen, 30^. per 100.
OAK, English, 5 lo S feet, 4s. per cc/;n, 30J. per loo.
POPLARS, Black Italian, s to 8 feet, very clean, Si. per jcu.
BIRCH, Common, 5 to 8 feet, perfect specimens, 4c, per dc/cn,

3or. per lOO.
CEDRUS DEODARA. 4 to 5 feet, bnshy and well furnished,

grown singly, 30J. per dozen,
PINUS AUSrRlACA. iH to 2'j feet, very stout, with gocd

fibrous roots, lor. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, three times trans-
planted, 25J. per ICO.
SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet, very stout, twice transplanted, good

colour, 35J. per 1000; 3 to 1% feet, thret times transplanted,

5J. per 100.
BEECH, tJ^ to 3 feet, twice transplanted, 25J. per looo : 3J4

to 4 feet, three times transplanted, 6r. per 100.
SVACAMORE, 1% to 4 feet, very clean grown, azj. 6rf. per

1000 ; 3 to 4^^ feet, stout and clean grown, 27^. td.

Der locu,
MAPLE, Norway, \% to 4 feet, clean and quick grown stuff,

22J. dd. per 1000.

ROSES, Dwarrs. H.P.'s, finest named exhibition kinds, 2£.<.
per too, my selection. MatiJchal Niel, on Brier Cuitinp, vci y
strong, with shoots 1% to 4 feet long, loj. per dozen ;
Gloire de Dijon, diito. 5 feet long, qs. per dozen, 50s. ptr
100. Teas, &c , out of open ground, on Brier Cutting and
Seedling Brier, in such kinds as Due de Magenta, Tiiomphe
de Rennes, Madame Trifle, Climbing Devoniensis, C<ilinc
Forestier, Belle Lyonnaise, Peifection dc Montplaisir,
Niphetos, David Pradel, Princess Vera, &c., Qi. per dozen,
kinds or separate.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, in 12 leading varieties, li. td.
per lOD, I2J. td. per icoo.

DAISIES, Red and White, 45. per 100.

VIOLETS, Czar, 12s. per ico.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCK, Purple, Scarlet, and White,
grand plants, 51. per too.
Above are all ofTercd subject to being unsold, and for cash or

satisfactory reference.

Wensleydale Nurseries, Leyburn. Yorkshire.

/CHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Asli.

\J Birch, Alder, Willow. Oak, and Thorn IJuick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY. Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst.

Extra strong Fruiting Vines.

HLANE AND SON have still some of the
• above to offer, equal in strengih to these they have
been so aiiccessful with for many years in taking the First Prizes
at the leading HorticnUural Shows.

The Nurseries. Berkhamstead, Herts.

UCHARIS AM AZONICAjSplendid

flowering bulb , clean, free from disease, and in lest

pasvihlc condition, soi., 75J., and icoj. per 100.
VERONICA TRAVEUSU, gooU bushy plants, g by cj inches,

lis. per 100 ; 18 hy iS inches, soi. per 100 : 24 by 24

inches, 75J. per 100.
VIRGINIAN CRtEPERS (AMPELOPSIS HEDER-

ACEA), 3 to 4 feet, extra good, 60J. per ico.
Discount to the Trade. Apply.
WILLIAN MILES, West Brighion NurseiicF, Hove, Sussex.

20 feet,
itched
very rich

MANKTTi STOCKS.— A few thousand to
offer, i-ycar, clean-eyed, and well-rooted. 18.1. per icoo;
also 10 bu'hcls of MACLEAN'S WONDERFUL PEA.
Good sample.
GEO. BOLTON, Nurseryman, Wyddial, Buntiiigford. Herts.

IPOR SAlXT^velve PEACHES and Two
NECTARINES, true to name, in 13-inch pots— all ia
excellent bearing condition. For sorts and price apply to
B. HOPE, Middleton Park Gardens, Bicester,

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

707

smany thousaods.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to tlie following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted MURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES. Common Giccii, 3, 4,5. 6, 7, S to\
,, lauiirolia. ditto. 1 10 feet high, j

., Hudgins", 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet. '

,, mynifolia, ditto.
„ Scottici, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow-bcrned, altaclarense and otliers.
,, Variegated, of sorts, ^, 4. 5, 6, 8 to loft.
„ Wateier's splendid plains, 3, 4, 5, and, 6 feet, 8 to 15 feat

in circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, S to 10 feet, hundreds ol

beaiitiiul spectmrtiF.
,1 Perry's Weepinj; Holly, on straiglit stems, with beautifal

heads, ten to liuecQ ye.*rs' grtuvih, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and \'ariegaled, 3j 4, 5i 6to 7 feel, many thousards.
YEWS. Common. 3 4, 5. 6 to 10 feet, thousand^.

,, Golden, ol all sizes up to to (cet- We have many
thousands as Pyramids. Globes, Standards, in puint
of variety and size uiu quailed.
,. Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds. 1 thousands.

CUPRfc-SbUS ERECXA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. 6 to 8 feet,
„ Lawsoniana Jutea, 3, 4, and 5 ftel, hundreds of beautiful
speciinens-
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5,6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covtrtd wnh buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the fiticat varittics known, 3, 3, 4, and

5 feel hith, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chmese, 7. S, and 10 feet high.

,, Chmese (.Jnlden. 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. ri to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII. 3 to 5 feel, ihou-^ands
., „ GLAUCA. 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 (ect, hundreds.
.. HOOKEKIANA. 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. xM to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 Iee[, hundreds.
,, GRANDIS. 5 to 7 feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNl PICA, 2 to 3 feet, hui dreds.
,. NOB'LIS. \\i t03 leet, ihousarda.
., NOKD.MANNIANA. 6. 7, to 10 feet.
,. PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ PUNGENS, i'-' to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA. 6toS feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA. 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCinENTALlS LUTKA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
THUIOPSIS BORE^LIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
„ PlilFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

A SPECIALITY.

Rhododendrons and other American Plants,

Grown in Sandy Loam.

A superb Collection of all the leading Varieties in Cultiva-
tion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTI-
CUM aud HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30J.

These plant«, being thus prepated, may be grown in any
ort'iuary fibrous bam, without the expensive addition of peat
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KI NG'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY "FLORIST"; FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Paromes, Violets, Hollyhocks.

New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

JOHN LAINQ & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit nil purchasers o(
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. I;/-, 21/-, 25/", 30,'-, and 45,'-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, i^c , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A Ltrge and select stock is now offered for s:ilr ,

the !lliislralr,l,iiiit Dtsctiplii\-CA TA/.OaUE ,'/ IIUI rS
J-.'^l-fycc.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgewortli, Herts.

GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,

IN SPLENDID CONDITION FOR REMOVAL

WOOD & INGEASM'

GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE or NURSERY STOCK,

IKCLL'DING

FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES,
HARDY CONIFEKOUS and TAXACEOUS PLANTS,

Evergreens, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
HARDY CLIMBERS, ROSES, &c..

Is nozv ready, and ivill he sent free on application.

THE NURSERIES, HUNTINGDON.

A BRANCH AT ST. NEOTS.

PUTBUSH'S MIL]

^ ' TRACK MUSHROO-.

\WN. — Too well known to require

-aption. Price 6j. per bu!,hel

^ij. extra per bushel for packaee), or

td. per cake ; free by Parcels Pobt, \s.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Highgate Nurseries. N.

M

Lalng's

Begonia
Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 2/0 ana 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6
,, 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1S04.)

Pill PQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle.
D U L D O Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ''"^«..".%tl'i'.^°"-

STANDARDS, i:j. per dozen, 105J. per ico.
Packing and Carriage Free for Cash vrith Order.

rnUI lo \/4 SCrGSJ and kind of tree at low prices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) IViV^i.

TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8j. per dozen, 501.
per iod), forest TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '-^TiW

FORCING, &c., ijj. to 36s. per dozen.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

^s. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWdERRIES FORCING, i6j. to ^j.^pcr'iTo.'

WIKjCQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V 1 1 1 L.U 31. td. to xos. dd. each.

WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
and DOUBLE, izi. to 24.5. per dc/en.

CLEMATIS

Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FAEM SEEDS,

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
■ information, free on application.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE.

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

Ordinary Rcduccil
Price. lo

RHODODENDRONS. Standard, ,(coo
to select from, of finest named
kinds, perfect specimens, from
ij^to 5 feet llirouch the Iicid M15/

lo/'S 31/1

ic/6 a/j

2/6 ..

5/-
,/0

i/-

,, Uuhh, do., s. 6, 7, and S feet high. . 4a/-

,, Dvviiif and Sweet-scented, i lo 2' ■
feet high, consisting of R
fragrans, Wilsoni, Goveni-

anuni. S:c. 2/5 .. 1/6 -/o

ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;

fine plants, welt set with bloom, i to 3

feet high . .
AZALEAS, I to J feet high
A (\ne lot of P. NORDMANNIANA,

T. LOBBU. WELLINGTONIA,'

CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS.

THUIOPSiS DOLABRATA, and

manyoiher% in line condition lor removal 10/6 5 t;; - i/-

ORNAMtNTAL TREES— Finespeci-

mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.,:

Horse Ch>-stnut, Scarlet Che- 1 nut,'

Sorbus, Th .rns of sorts, Maples,'

Fraxinus aucubaefolia, Scarlet (.>ak ;

also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and

poplar. 6 to 15 feet high .. ..' 10/6 s/j e,'- j/6

LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to ' '

4 feet, per 100 ,. 2f/- .. 10/-

,. common, i 10 2J2 feet . . . .'\

LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet

„ cancasica, iroafj feet ..

,, Portucal, 'K to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ..
BROOM, While

YEWS, Irish

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great

variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No ^ea^^>nab!e

lopsis Veitchii ; cffer refused , or

ILEX SHEPHERDI, a fine lot of ( quotations will

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given.

smaller, i to 3 feet.
THUIA LOBBtl, 3 to 4 feet
RETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15

inches
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS,

I to 3 feet
WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA,

3 to 5 feet

MAHONIA A(^)UIFOLIA, 12 to

18 inches ,, .. .. ,

COB NUT, Webh's. 3 to 6 feet . . 251. pei ion

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, t. to

6 feet high, 25J. to 751. per ico.
Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, lo

clear, i^ each.
SPIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest

stock in Europe, i^s. and \qs. 6d. per 100.
ERICAS in variety, 20J. per loc.

LAVENDER, line bushy stuff. 3^. per dozen, 115^. per ico.
PERIWINKLE, I05. per 100.

Thoinatsdi of other things too numerous /or an advtrtise-
tnent arc an offer, and inquiries or a viiit n-Ul be found very
advan taf^eons.

CHARLES NOBLE, Bagsliot.

THE ROYAL
NORFOLK

SEED
ESTABLISHMENT

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885.

Tbe Earliest and Best in Cultivation.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW.
From Mr. A, Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge.
" I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March 2y. and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All
March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has
proved what its name implies for carlineis, productiveness, and
flavour."

From Mr. T. Notlev, The Gardens, Stoke Hall
Stoke Holy Cross.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one.
I planted at the same time and by the side of Day's Early
Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier,
the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized
Peas in each."'

Height 2 feet, and very prolific.

Price, 3i. 6d. per quart, 2s. per pint, is. yi. per hajf-pint,

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' li/IIDSUMIVIER MARROW PEA.

The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Culiivation.
He-ght ij^ to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and iiuality.

Should be sown now.

Price, 3J. td. per quart, 2j. per pinf, is. 3-/. per half-pint.

Free per Parcels Post to any address.

^tS

Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

Norwich.

7o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

F

ER N S

To the Trade Only.
— FERNS -

FERNS.

Adiantum cuneatutn, A. trapt/'iforme, A. gracUlimum,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata vanegata. Fieris serrulata
cristata Cowani, P, serrulata : nice plants in oa's, -zos. per 100.

Adiantum cuneaium, A. gracillimum, A. trapeziforme, in 4 and
4J^ inch pots, 405. to 501. per loa, accoiding to size ; Adiantum
Pacotti, in 6o's, 30J. per loo ; ditto, in 4 and 4M ioch pots, 50s.
per 100. ,

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

ipASPBERRY CANES.— A large number of

-'- ^ the celebrated Carter's Prolific (see Mark Lane Express,

August I, 1834), to dispose of; also Naples Black CURRANTS,

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apply to

A. AND E. BATH. Colgates Farm. SevenoaVs, Kent.

Forcing Asparagus.

EAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above
• by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans-
planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also
\^--z. to call iheattention of Nurserymen. Euilders, and others to
ilifcir exceptionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and
OKNAMENIAL TREES and SHRUBS.

The ^Curseries, Wandsworth CommoD, S.W.

JRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex-
tensive and healthy stock of seedling and transplanted
Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Elm, Austrian Pine,
from 6 in. to 2;5 ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Soruce,
Laricio, Beech, Thorns, RIaple, Oak, Poplars, Thorn Quick,
Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. Special cft'ers on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

SPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.—
ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, KLM. Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (English), PRIVET oval.folia, PRIVET
Evprgrecn. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
nUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, e.Ntra strong ; SYCA.
MORES, :ito6feet: BERBERIS AtJUIFOLIA, i'^ to s
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from 1 to 0 feet : splendid stuff, al! recently ttansplanteti.
IVIES in variety. LAURELS in sorts, a to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to 5 feet ; RETINOSPOR AS, in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, I to 4 feet, fine stuff : AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet ; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from 1 inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSON I AN A.
(tc. Double Yellow and While PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent.

OrcMds.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand
stock cf DENDROBIUMS. in variety, and other Easi Indian
ORCHIDS, also CATTLEYAS and oihervaluable ORCHIDS
from South America, and they are constantly receivinii; fresh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Our first importa-

tion has arrived in Bulbs of magnificent size and quality,
superior even to most home-grown bulbs. For prices see our
LIST. No. 71, p. I. Also from Japan, in extraordinary size
and splendid condition. LILIUM HANSONI, CONCOLOR,
CORIOION, EXIMIUM, BATEMANNIA, KRAMERI,
CORDIFOLIUM. LONGIFLORUM, fol. alb. marg. Send
also (or our Special Offers o( GLADIOLI. IRIS, and NAR-
CISSI. A consignment ofNew Zealand FILMY FERNS just
arrived.

NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester.

To the Traae,

EAST LOTHIAN STOCK.—
Purple, White, Scarlet, New Crimson, and White Wall-
flower Leaved. All saved from the purest strains. Prices on
application.

IKELAND AND THOMSON, Seed Warehouse, -o,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,

Fr.ince, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FkUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, Sic. CATALOGUES sent on apphcalion. Freight
from Angers to London, z-hi Honfieur, about 2.s. dd. per ico lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1S78.

Orders inu=t be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
95, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

SPECIAL OFFE

ROSES, Standard, Half-Standard, Gloire de Dijon

(dwarfs). General Jacqueminot (dwarfs).
LARCH, I to s feet.
SPANISH, 2 to 6 feel.
ALDER, 2 to 4 feet.
HAZEL, 2 to 4 feet.
FIR, Scotch, I foot.
MANETTI STOCKS.
WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS.
Prices on application.
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries. Chertsey.

R.

To the Trade,

HOME-GROWN VEGEIABl.E and FIELD SEEDS.

XT AND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give

'--^* special quotations of all the principal varieties of
VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS they have grown and are
offering this season. I heir stocks are very pure, quality excel-
lent, and prices very low

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

For Intermixing with Other Dwarf Shrubs, for

forming Beds by themselves, for House Decoration, for
Open Situations in the Ro;kery. .^vc., the New Hardy
Free-fruiting Varieties of

]>ERNETTYA MUCRONATA, with berries

■I of various colours, raised by L. T. Davis, Ogle's Grove
Nursery, Hillsborough, Co. Down, are unequ.illcd for Winter
effect. _ Descriptive LIST will be sent on application.

Carriage free to Belfast, and extra plants for long carriage.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over I200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hmts on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & 00.

Rosea for Removal in

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and zu.
Half-Standards ,, ,, ,. • ■ ^S-^- •> iSs.

Dwarfs „ ,, m •• 9^' >, 121.

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

' — THE OLD ESTABLISHED ^

NURSERY, S££DS,IIV.PLE(V)£NT BUSINESS

yUAHTY VARIETY & EXTENT
ArjFOREST • FRUIT \ir

•< & ALL OTHER >-*

■/|V\ TREES i PLANTSfJh

S.Mtt^t^^^|is^S^itsf-

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

JAMESDickSON&SONS
"NEWTON'NURSERIES .
i — CHESTER

FORTY

Upna-
FRUIT fie

Forest

i Priced Catalogues .Post Free .

jrHEAL«CONS

^•W Crawley , .%M Sussex.
THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LO6D BE&CONSFIELB

(A SEEDLING).
The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known.
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883.
StrongCanes, 15.T. per.dozen, ^55?. perioo. Usual allow-
ance to the Trade a. FAULKNOR,

INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

Francis ^ Arthur
Dickson s Sons.

106EastgateSt.&p
TheUptori'Nurseries vUDO 1 lifrv.

FOREST TREES.

Many Millions.
Stout, Hardy, Famously Rooted.

FRUIT TREES.

50 Acres.

Pronounced by all who see them —

"The best In the Kingdom"

EVERGREENSand ROSES

and all other Trees and Plants.

ALL 01' SPl.F.SDin QUM.nV.
NURSERIES OVER SOO ACRES.

Write lor C.'VTALOGUES, Gratis and I'ost-lrcc.

f^ldc Y)lX«>ysJikxji^'

F

PAMPAS PLUMES.

We have just received a very large consignment of the
above, the finest ever imported, and we are in a position
to offer them at very low prices. Prices on application.

J. SLATMAKER,

CENTRE AVEN UE, COVENT GARDEN MARKET, W.C.

INE ARECA LUTESCENS and

LATANIA, B0RB0NICA,in3z's, 901. perioo. Sample
dozen 121. Packing free. Cash with order.
MARSHALL BROS, and CO., Nurseries, Bamham. Bognor.

Aquatics.
T V. REES (late Robert Parker) has the

'' • finest Collection of above in the country, and can supply
H.irdy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo showy varieties,
fromsoj. j^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W.

H. ROGER.S, Red Lodge Nursery,

• Southampton, offers the following, very fine ; prices

on application ; —
Standard named RHODODENRONS, good heads.
Dwarl, do, do., all well budded.
KALMIA LATIFOLIA, ij^ foot.
AZALEA PONTICA, Ghent and amrena.
BERBERIS DARWINII, nlcebushyplants about i foot.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, 6 to 9 inches.
COTONEAbTER SIMONSII, i to 1 feet.
PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, nice strong plants.
CUPRESSUS MACROCARPa, j feet, transplanted

last spring.

PINUS INSIGNLK, 2 ft , transplanted last spring.

MENZIESIA POLIFOLIA RUBRA and ALBA.

COB NUTS, wonderful prolific bearers.

And every other description of well grown Nursery Stock,

extending over sixty acres.

To the Trade
SEED POTATO S.

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
• LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can
be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, and the prices are very reasonable.

Seed Growing Estab'ishment, Wisbech.

pHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420

^^ varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's
selection, as. dd. per doien, i6j. per loo ; cuttings, i^. dd, per
dozen, lof. per loo : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

pHRISTMAs" ROSES (Helleborus niger).—

V^ Beautiful hardy white flowers at Christmas. Roots
bursting with flower-buds, 31. per dozen. DIELYTRA SPEC-
TABILIS. strong roots ; SPIR.'EA PALMATA, beautiful
scarlet, and JAPONICA, while — strong clumps, ts. f:d. per
dozen. One dozen of each for \?s. Cash with Older, carriage
paid.

F. ATTRILL, Mount Pleasant Gardens, Newport, Isle of
Wight.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB EILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, KR.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
P}-hC LISTS OH af'plication,

LILIUM AURATUM,

HOME-GROWN BULBS,

As exhibited by us at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Show, South Kensington, October 14, 15, and 16, when we
were awarded a Cultural Commendation for them, the bulbs
being acknowledged " splendid." Se^ all Gardening Papers in
October for comments. Mr, W. Pathrson, Head Gardener to
H.M. the Queen, says: — "A splendid sample." Home-Grown,
ij. 6d , 2S., i!S. 6d., and 35. 6d. each ; imported, gd,, is., is, Cd.,
and 2S. each, and from 6s per dozen.

For a fme collection of LILIES and other BULBS jee
CATALOGUE, free on application.

COLLINS BROS. & GABRIEL,
Bulb Growers and Importers, 39. Waterloo Road, London, S.E.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

BEMABKABLE.

We supplied all or nearly all the 36 varieties
that carried oft" the great CUP at LIVER-
POOL. It is said the blooms e.xceeded any-
thing seen in the South, and was so closely con-
tested that Mr. Mease assured us it was tlie
Seven New Varieties we recommended and sent
him which secured to him this great victory.

Our New CATALOGL'E, with an immense
amount of all the recent information, will be
ready in a few days ; post-free, 4if.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

'H^&i+omir#H-FW£Rg;

December 6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

709

Notice of Removal-

NUTTING AND SONS beg to give notice
that owing to ihe expiration of the lease of 60, Barbican,
they have removed to more extensive premises,

106, bOUTHWARK. STREET, S.E.
where all communications should be addressed.
NUTTING AND SONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
London, S E.

Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Plantinji;
in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.
^ The \''ineyard and Nurseries, Gars ton. Liverpool.

LILIU M~AU'RATUM.— GoodTpiunip, sound
Bulbs, 65., Qf,, 13^., iSj., and 24;. per dozen; extra
strong, 305. and 43^. per dozea. All other good LILIES at
equatiy low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536. Ring's Road, Cheisea, London, S.W.

Roses and Fruit Trees.

IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an-
nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially
fine and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE
with prices on application.

Nurseries ; Crai^'eiih, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Forty choice

Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for aij. ; pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best varieties. List of names on
apolication. Twenty choice Standards, or Half-standards, su,
JA«. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter. Devon.

ARRISON AND s"6"n~"s^

Royal Nurseries, Leicester, have to ofi'er : —
000 Sirnng GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Warriogtons.
003 IVIES, mostly Irish
0.0 POPLARS, 6 to 12 feet.
000 Standard Horse CHESTNUTS, fine.
,0:0 Bushy Evergreen PRIVET, 2 to 3fcet.
,ct» AMERICAN ARB(IR-VIT.^.
(03 Common LAURELS, 3 to 4 ftel. extra.
000 Paul's Crimson THORNS, standards
ao Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLUMS.
,000 Standard PEARS,
we I eroMn. Special quotaiions and samples free.

H

All

GLADIOLI. — The best in cultivation, cheap.
From the grand collection of varieties which gained the
First Prize at Crystal Palace, Dundee International, and other
p incipal Flower Shows, Intending purchasers should send fjr
CATALOGUE to

ALEX. E. CAMPBELL, Cove Garden?. Gourock. N.B.

I:pPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,
-i IS. 6d. per sack ; 30 ditto, 2r. q./. ; 20 ditto, 3^. 6d ;
S ditto, 4^. 6i/. ; sacks 611'. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards,
I If. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, 14.T.
per ton, not less than 4 tons ; sample sack, 7S.6ti.

LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD. SPHAGNUM. &c.
See Special List, also for the Trade.

icx3,ooo LARCH, stout transplanted, 18 inches to ; feel ; ilitto
Scotch, 18 inches to 2 feet. FIR, Spruce, handsome, bushy, la
to 18 inches. Sample bundles of too. ^j. ROSES. Slandatd and
Half-Standard, of new and leading kinds, 75i-. per luo.
Ringwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.,

4^. per bushel ; loj fnr 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

405, ; 4-bushel bags. 411' each.

1-IOHT BROWN FIBROUS PKAT, 51. 6,/. per sack;

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 71s. ; Sacks,
4.:". eacli.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. :)d. per bushel : ij.t, per half
Ion, 36J. per ton , in a-bushel bags, 4^. each.

VELl.OW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAI'-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, Ss. (W. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.-H. O. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C.

OCOA-NUT FIBRE REPUSE, newly

made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, js. each ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, i/i. ;
30 sacks, 25,v, ; 40 sacks. 30^. : Iruckload of 2 ton&. loose, afy.
All good< free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige —
J. STEVENS ANO CO . " Greyhound " Yard, and 153. High
Street, Batlersea, SW.— Established 1872.

GARDEN REQUISITES as"^suppl[ed~to"the
Royal Gardens. — Be^t (Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse,
ij. per sack : 30 for 255. — bags included. Trucks (containing
2 Ton.-) 25s.. free on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Rent Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 tor 22^. 6d. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, ^j. 6d. per
sack : lofor 30^. Coarse Bedford Sand. is. 3d. per bushel ; J2S.
per Ji-ton; ■:2s. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould,
IJ. per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bones, S:c. Finest Tobacco
Cloth, 8d. per lb. ; 28 lb. for iSs. Speciality Tobacco Paper,
lod. per lb. : 28 lb. for 21s. : jcs. per cwt. Second quality, jd.
per lb. ; 28 lb for i6\-. Archangel and Petersburgh Mat>.
Piice LIST sent free. Special quotations to the Trade for cash.

W. HERBERT and CO..

Hop Exchangb Warehouse^;. Southwark. Street, S.E.

(near London Bridge).

LILIUM AURATUM.

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT & BEALE,

In addition to their usual importations from the JAPANESE
GROWERS, have received a limited consignment FROM
ANOTHER SOURCE, which have also arrived in splendid
condition. They are in every respect equal to the FINEST
ENGLISH -GROWN BULBS on offer elsewhere — measuring,
on an average, 3} to 4 inches in diameter, and firm as if only
just taken up from the ground.

TO THE TRADE — Price, per dozen and 100 on application.
237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

FRIDAY NEXT.

CATTLEYA ACLANDI/E— petals primrose, lip pure white.
CATTLEYAS from the United States of Columbia.
PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANA-highly coloured variety.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on
FRIDAY NEXT, December 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HUGH
Low & Co., a large quantity of Choice IMPORTED ORCHIDS, in the best possible condition,
comprising CATTLEYAS from the UNITED STATES of COLUMBIA, which appear very
distinct ; C. ACLANDI^, C. AMETHYSTOGLOSSA, L^LIA PURPURATA, MASDE-
VALLIA RACEMOSA CROSSI, ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.'E, O. ROEZLI,
PHAL^NOPSIS SANDERIANA, and also a VARIETY from a NEW LOCALITY ;
VANDA SANDERIANA, V. INSIGNIS (true) ; also AERIDES, ANGRyECUMS, CYPRI-
PEDIUMS, and a plant found in flower by Mr. Boxall of CATTLEYA ACLANDI/E, wM a
f>ure white Up, dried flowers of which will be on view.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

. per bush, (satks included.

112- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
^^IBROrS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C,—
nROWN KIIiROUS PEAT, best quality for (Ircbids,
Stove Pl.ints,S:c.,Z66.t. per T.uck. liLACK lUllROU.S i'EAT.
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant Hods, i^y.
per ton per TrtK^Ic. Sample P.ac, sr. : 5 Rags, 2--i-. 6,/. ; lo Bags,
Hi'. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los, 6</. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 535. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKKR .\ND CO., Farnborough St.ltion, Hants.

KEEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND and
BLIGHT DESTROYER.-Bcst winter dressing for
Peach Trees. &c. No p.-tinting nor washing required. Syringe
as directed with Keel's Insecticide, wonderful results— destroys
all Blight— imparts no tlavourto Fruit— clean, healthy, and very
cheap. Send orders early to W. G. KEEL, Newton-St. Loe,
near Bristol (late Keel & Hawes, Bath) ; or to Nurserymen.
Enrpties to Bath Station.

GARDEN
REQUISITES. ^^

Two pKi/i- Medals.
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . s^s 6d. per sack ; 5 snck'i for 2cs.
PEAT, best black fibrous .. 3^. ()d. ,, t; sacks for iw,

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5J. od.
LOAM, btst yellow fibrous . . A
PRE PAR EI ) COMPOST.bcst f
LEAF MOULD, best only .. l "*
PEAT MOULD ,. .. )
SILVER SAND, coarse, is, 3"'- per bush., izj. half ton, 22j.ton
RAFFIA FIDRE. best only. . ., .. 8./ per lb,

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. S<^, lb., "8 lb i8j
TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spiicial.lc) 8,/. lb., 38 lb." i8j.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack. . 51. per bushel
SPHAGNUM MUSS, ^11 selected 2J. per bush., 6j. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gs. ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, xjs. ;
30 sacks, 35J, ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
30J. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
sacks only, -zs. each. Terms, sUictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY KOAD, MILWALL. LONDON, E.

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In.
secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded 1 )iplnma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinbureh. --Wholesale Agents, CORUV.
SOPER, FOWLER and CO.. Ftnsbury Street. London, E.C

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, luith full particulars, oft applicalicjl Ij

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

INSECTICIDE

(Soluble inWater)
Effectually clear.s all Insects and Parasites from the Roota
or Foliage of Trees and Plants. Kills all Vegetable Grubs,
Turnip Flj-, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Gropes
from Mealy Bug, tke., and makes a good Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1 15, 2 6, 4 V; a bottle. Per gal-
lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treat:se on *'Fir Trr.'
Oil," tijid Us appUcatlnn, .^eiil fr^p nn rfciyt 0/ nd'h-rs^, h'l the
Maiinfacturrr. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from Hooper & Co. ; Couiiv, Sopf.k, Fowlet. ami
Co ; - C. E. O.SMAS & Co , and from all the London Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. ■•

Good and Cheap Insecticides.

TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH (Roll).—
Thorouelily reliable quality : low prices. Trade supplied,
RICHARDSON and CO., Tobacco Works, Leith, N.B,

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since iSs'^i against. Red Spider, Mildew,
ThripF, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to i5 ouiices as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, u., 31., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soften
wet ground. Boxes, bd. and is. from ilie Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

SILVER SAND, coarse 6s., 8-f. and \os. per
ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6j., Zs. and
)of. per cubic yard. Free on rail by truckloads. In sacks at
moderate prices. — W, SHORT, Horticultural Company, Mul-
hurst, Sussex, Established 1S62.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,

ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

A STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-^^i- The wannest coverirg for Pits and Fr-imes. Sizes : — 6 ft.
C in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at 21. ; 6 It. 6 in, by 4 ft. 6 in at is. 7J. ; 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft.. 31. ^d. Aiiplv to

Miss MOLItjUE, Aston Clinton, Tring,

FIR TREE OIL

7IO

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

DR, SMILES'S WORKS.

■ "♦ — — ■'-■

MEN OF INVENTION

AND INDUSTRY. Post U'O. 6s.
[Just Published.

LIFE OF A SCOTCH

NATURALIST. New Edition. Porlniit
and Illustrations. Post %vo. 6s.

DUTY: with Illustrations of

Courage, Patience, and Endurance. Post
%vo. 6s.

SELF-HELP : with Illustrations

of Conduct and Perseverance. PostZvo. 6s.

CHARACTER : a Book of Noble

Characteristics. Post %vo. 6s.

THRIFT : a Book of Domestic

Counsel. Post Zvo. 6s.

" During the last 20 years Dr. Smiles has made almost
his own a part of the literary arena which touches most
closely upon our social conditions and the lessons that are
needed for our everyday life. The manner and the
matter of his books are alike admirable ; but great as their
literary merit is, the services they have rendered to sound
morality ate still more important. "— Qua rtetly Review

INDUSTRIAL B I O-

GRAPHY : Iron Workers and Tool
Makers. Post %vo. 6j,

" Mr. Smiles has hit upon a rich vein of ore, and works
it with great success. He has the art of hiography, which is
by no means easy of attainment. He is not only a skilful
workman but has chosen a new held of work. These
memoirs contain much original information, expressed
with great clearness, and with a practised skill which
renders the reader secure of entertainment in every
page." — Times.

LIVES OF THE ENGI-
NEERS. Illustrated by 9 Steel Portraits
and 342 Engravings on Wood. 5 I'ols.
Cr07un Sz'O. ys. 6d. each.

" We cannot but refer to the captivating and instructive
volumes which Mr. Smiles has devoted to the * Lives of
the Engineers,* a record not before attempted of the
achievements of a race of men who have conferred the
hiehest honniir and the most extensive benefits on lleir
QonnXTyJ" —Ei/inl>urgh Revit:v.

LIFE OF GEORGE

STEPHENSON ; including a Memoir
oj his Son, Robert Stephenson. Large ^vo
Edition {illustrated), lis. Crown %vo
Edition [illustrated)^ ys. 6d. Ct-ntenary
Edition [with Portrait), 2s. 6d.

" We have read this book with unmingled satisfaction.
We hardly ever remember to have read a biography so
thoroughly unaffected. . . . It is an artle-.-^ attempt
to set out the character and career of one of t.he mo-t
ingenious, honest, resulute, hnmely, and kind-hearced of
human beings. We thank Mr. Smites for having made
the man walk before us in a mo^t lifelike picture, The
entire >tyle of the wr>rk is unambiiinus, lucid, thoroughly
manly, and %ooA,"—Saititilay Rfvieio.

THE HUGUENOTS : Their

Settlements, Churches, and Industries in
llngland and Ireland, Croxvn St't?. y.c td.

" 'J he cunning of Mr. Smiles's hand ntvcr fails him.
He has chosen the prosaic side of Huguenot histoiy and
made it as fascinating as a romance. He has pursued
his mvestigations with a laborious minuteness worthy of
the tStatistical Society and of the Heralds' College : and
yet it is as impossible to skip a pige as in reading his
* Life of Stephenson.' " — British Quarterly Revitiv.

ROBERT DICK : Baker of

Thurso, Geologist and BotanisL With
Portrait etched by Rajon, and 7iwnerous
filustrations. Crown 87V'. r 2s.

" Meii of Dick's t\ pe are rare; their examole is too
precioui 10 be lost; but they are themselves the last to
recognise their own value. His mottu and his watch*
words, in the enerey of his younger labour, as in his re-
fu al to yield to the pressure ui his later troubles, were
ever. Work. Dtvotion, High Endeavour — in a word that
S»''-helo vhirh i^ ihe foundation of all help to others."
— Quarterly Review.

7 A M E S N A S M Y TH,

ENGINEER: an Autobiogtaphy [Edited
by S. Seniles). With Portrait etched by Ra-
jon, and (^o Illustrations. Cro^on^vo. \6s.

"I he wh. le range of literary biography may be
searched inv.iin for a more inieresiing record of" an active,
u-elul, siicce->ful. and hiipyy life, than is present' d Hy
lh» delteht'ul autobiography of James Nasmyih."-
EdtJihuyyh Rcvit'iV.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street,

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman'a Clematis,
is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come and see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for
NOBLE'S NURSERY.

SPECIAL OFFER

OF

ORNAMENTAL TREE 3 and SHRUBS,

ROSES and FRUIT TREES of aU kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK,

Goldworili "Old" Nursery,

W O K I N G, SURREY.

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL LILIES

AT LOW PRICES.

L DALMATICUM the black Martagon, one of the most

striking and at the same lime Iree growing ; two sizes,

i^. dd. and 9j. td. each.
L. CARNIOLICUM. the orange-scarlet Martagon, a rare

beauty ; two sizes. \s. and \s. td. each.
L CANADENSE RUBRUM, an "aristocratic" beauty, 15.

and IS. td each.
L. HARRISir, the finest white Trumpet flower, for pots, in

existence ; three sizes, is., is- (id. and as. ^d, each.
L. LONGIFLORUM. splendid white Trumpet, flagrant, and

very hardy, td. each.
L. AURATUM. golden rayed Lily of Japan ; three sizes, c^d.,

IS. and IS. td. each.

AH common varieties in stock. See CATALOGUE.

25 per cent, discount when at least six of one kind are taken.

All carriage free. Now is the best time to plant.

HOOPER & CO . COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN R. CANT,

The Old Est.^hlished and Celebrated

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL
ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS In SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid
plants ever seen.

CATALOGUES, post-free, on application.

1884— New Bulb Cablogues.— 1884.

MY TWO

NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCI SiUS and LILIES,
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. 'JULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIlM.U.S. IRIS, HELLEBORES. &c., and
aquantity of CHOICE M ISCELLANEfJUS BULBS.
Copies Will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

The Strongest, Healthiest, and Finest Plants
ever offered.

STANDARDS and HALF- STANDARDS,

best sot IP, I 8j. per dozen, 120J. per 100.

DWARF STANDARDS,

121. per dozen.

DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES,

91 per d(.z- n. dos pet too.
A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free to nj'plicanis.

F R A N K C~A N T,

THE ROSE GROWER. THE MILE END NURSERIES,

COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 First Prizesfor Rosen. Customers an
respectfully invited to come and select their own Plant ..

WM, CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Oj the finest Bulbs, RoseSy Fruit Trees,
Herbaceous Plants, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Trees, and Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6s. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forciog, \i. and is. 6d. per dozen, js. to
loi. per I03.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, is. td. per dozen.

SPIRAEAS, DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLbLY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

seas 3D, Qf. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, ts. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, 121. and i8j. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian. Ghent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, for forcing, iSi. and 345. per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate ptices.
CALCEOLARIAS, HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, larse flowers, ir. td. per dozen, 10s. per 100,

from stores. In small pots, 3;. per dozen, 305. per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 2s. 6d. per doien,

16s. per iDO.
TULIPS, double or single, gt/. and ir. per dozen, 5^ . and 6j,

per 100.
CROCUS. SNOWDROPS, js. 6d. to ss. 6d. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the fiuest and most distinct gorts, as per

CATALOLiUE.
,, ordinary varieties, 3;. 6d. to $s. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS. SILENE COMPACTA.

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in ereat variety of

colours; ARABIS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS, ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good pUnls. is perdozen,

ys. per loo ; or in small plants drawn from seed*beds,

IS. per 100.
DAISIES, red, while or rose, g'i. per dozen, 4;. per ico.
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3s. td. perdozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 2 5 J.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

4J. and ts. per dozen, 301 to 50J. per 100.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine disiinct kinds, 31. ; 50, 12s. 6d. ; loo, 30^.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, t-year

old, 3i. td, per dozen ; 2-year old, 6s. per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PVRETHRUMS, $s. perdozen.
DELPHINIUMS and P/EONIES, Ss. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs. perdozen.

.. Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen.
LILIES, in fine variety, 31. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES -our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, is fine varieties, 6i. ; or45^. perioo.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to iSj. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 7s. td. perdozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sort? includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c.. see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES - FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.

APPLES. PEARSand CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c>, gtjod trees, 151.. i8f. and 34(. per dozen,
PEARS. Pyramid, 40J. and 50^. per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

75J. and iQos. per 100 ; Maidens, 30^ per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40^., 501., and 751. per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morelloand May Duke, i5J.,i8j.,

aud 241. per dozen.
CURRANTS. Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8j., ioj. and

I2J. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket. 6^. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong ruimers. .v. per

loo ; in small pots, 11s td. per 100 ; in pot^ for forcing,

2Sf. per itc ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. td.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 12s. and 15^. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hrfrdy. of sorts to name, 151. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyta-

mids, 50^. and 751. per icd.
SPIRi^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, loj,, 151. and aor.

per 100,
AUCU3AS, well coloured, for boxes, pots. &c., 6 to 9 inches.

jts. per ico; 9 to 12 inches. 20s. per 100.
THORN QUICKS. 15X. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted.
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, .\s. to us. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great v:iriely, s<^s. to icoi. per 100.
CLIM BING PLANTS, many kinds. 6j., gr. and laj. per dc/.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6s. and pt.

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT .MILES FROM M A .\ C H ES TE R l^|

December 6, 1884,]

T//E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

711

TO THE HORTICULTURISTS AND GARDENERS OF
GREAT BRITAIN.

GARDENERS' ROYAL

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

AUGMENTATION OP PENSION FUND,

The object of which is to Increase the Amoitnt of the Pensions
ONLY £420 ARE NOW REQUIRED.
This aniomit (^420) must be collected before December 31, oy the
Instttiitioii. will lose the ^500 promised on these conditions by an
anoiiytnous donor.

An earnest appeal is therefore made to all those interested in horti-
cultural pursuits to send their donations at once.

GARDENERS, do not be afraid to send yoiir shillings (or your
guineas) ; every little will help, and the smallest donations will be
thankfully received by

Dr. MASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.

Donations

Per Mr. OWEN THOMAS, Head Gardener, Chats-
worth, and Mr. SWAINE Cashier to the Duke
of Devonshire . . . . . . . . Cia

BOTHY MEN, The Mote Park o

EOTHY MEN, Ingestre Gardens, Stafford .. .. o

BOTHY MEN. The Gardens, Castle Howard, York o

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) 5

Mr. HATCH i

Mr. W. RICHARDS i

Dr. MASTERS 2

A. G. E 2

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Burv St. Edmunds i

.Mr. R. FARRANCE,'Chadwell Heath .. .. o

Pet Mr. W. COLEMAN, Eastnor Castle Gardens . . 49

(FIFTH LIST.)
Mr. C. HAYCOCK, Gardens, Barham Court, Maid-
stone .. .. ., .. .. .. .. o

Mr. BATEMAN, Foreman, and YOUNG MEN in

Eastnor Gardens . . . . o

Mr. J. MANNING, Nurseryman, Ledbury .. .. o

C. A. L., Lincoln .. .. .. ,. o

T. GAMBIER PARRY, Esq., Highnam Court,
Gloucester . . . . . . . . . . 1

Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Sherwood Park, Tunbridge

Wells r

Mr. T. WYNNE, %Vroxham Hall Gardens .. . . o

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone o

Mr. R. BULLEN. Botanic Gardens, Glasgow .. t

FOREMAN and UNDER GARDENERS, Botanic
Gardens, Glasgo A" .. .. .. .. .. o

Mr. R. McMILLANand GARDENERS at Moreton

House. Bideford o

J. HEATH, Sedgwick Gardens, Kendal .. .. o

W. PICK, W. LOWE, and J. ROBERTSON, Young
Gardeners in the Bothy, Sedgwick Gardens, near
Kendal, 25. 6(/. each . . . . . . . . . . o

T. BROWETT. Esq., Coventry i

C. TWAMLEY. Esq , Ryton-on-Dunmore .. .. o

Miss FREEM.\N, Kyton-on-Dunmore .. .. o

LUKF. DRESSER, Esq., Coventry, fir Miss

FREEMAN i

A few FRIENDS, per F. PRINCE, The Gardens,
Darlrey, Co. Mcnaghan .. .. ..5

Mr. J. BURDEN, Gardener, Earlboro' Hall, Ches-
terfield o

Mr. W. HUNTER, Foreman, Earlboro' Hall, Ches-

CECIL G. siFOLJAMBE, Esq., M.P., Kirkhain

Abbey, York .. .. .. .. .. i

Mr. B. AS HTON. The Gardens, Kiikham Abbey . . o
A Friend, Ealing .. .. .. .. o

Mr. J. MOON, The Gardens, Mark Hall, Harlow.

Essex .. .. .. o

Per G. MERRETT, Gardener, Kimpton Hoo.

Welwvn .. . .. .. .. .. .. o

YOUNG MEN in The Gardens, Dover House, Roe-

hampton, /to- Mr. FORBES o

T. H. OAKtS, Esq 2

Mr. J. WARD, Gaidener, Riddings House, Alfreton,

Derbyshire, ici , and YOUNG MEN in the

Gardens, 5J. .. .. .. .. .. .. o

THE GARDENERS, Ashby St. Ledgers Lodge,

Rugby . . . . . ■ . . . . . . . . o

YOUNG MEN in the Gardens, Rayners, Pcnn,

Amersham . . . . . . . . . . . . o

YOUNG MEN in the Royal Horticultural Society's

Gardens, Chiswick ., .. .. .. .. o

Mr. JNO. GARDNER, Elsham Hall Gardens,

Erigg o

A. SMITH and A. TURNER, The Bothy. Hendie

Gardens, Monmouth . . . . . . . . . . o

LJ , I

T. LESLIE, The Gardens, Ardarroch. Dumbarton-
shire . . . . . . , . o

THE BOTHY MEN, The Gardens, Ardarroch,

Dumbartonshire .. o

already received :

19 6

7 6

1 o
10 o
10 o

r o

o o

10 6

S o

o o

10 o

5 o

7 6

1; o

■7 6

2 o

15 o

10 o

7 6

10 6

S o

5 o

o o

5 o

5 o

TWO UNDER GARDENERS, Idsworth Park .. Co
THE BOTHY MEN, The Gardens, Cannon Hall,

Barnsley .. .. .. .. .. .. o

JOSHUA SAUNDERS, Esq., Sutton House, Clifton,

Bristol I

Mr. DANIELLS, Swyncombe Gardens, Henley-on-
Thames : —

Mr. DANIELLS 1

Mr! NOTTAGE, The Gardens. Adhurst St. Mary,

Petersfield .. .. .. .. .. .. o

Mr. VOWLES, The Gardens. Copgrove Hall, Leeds o

Mr. EASTIN. Gardener, Thorp Lee, Egham ., a ;

Mr. STEERS, The Gardens. Shelswell Park, Bii ester o

Mr. G. G. DIXON o

A. B o

Per Mr. F. THORNE, The Gardens, Ashgrove,
Sevenoaks : —

R. K. HODGSON, Esq 5

Mr. F. THORNE r

Three Men in the Bothy . . o

G. A. FELLOWS, Gardener, Elmhurst, Batheaston,

Bath o

J. NEIGHBOUR. Sen., Bickley Park, Kent .. o:

J. NEIGHBOUR, Jun.. Eickley Park, Kent . . o

NEMO o

C. TEA, The Gardens. Haverholme Priory, Sleaford o :
J, COWARD and A. OLLERHEAD, The Bothy,

Haverholme Priory, Sleaford .. .. .. o

J. WATMORE. Gardener. Grovelands. Southgate .. o :

A FRIEND, Southgate, fer}. WATMORE .. i

Per F. THOMSON, The Gardens, Norman Court,
Dean, near Salisbury l —

WM. BARING, Esq o

F. THOMSON a :

W, SHEHAN o

THE BOTHY MEN o

3 o

7 6

I o

7 6

Per Mr. EDWARDS, The Gardens, Babraham Hall,
Cambridge : —

Earl CADOGAN, Babraham 5

Sir ROBERT HERBERT, Ickleton 2

Rev. A. H. D. HUTTON, Abington i

Mr. MORDLOCK. Abington r

Miss FRANCES PULTENF.Y, Hargraves. Essex .. r

Miss ELIZ. E. PULTENEY, Hargraves, Essex .. o

W. EDWARDS. Gardener, Babraham Hall .. .. 1

THREE YOUNG GARDENERS, Babraham Bothy o

EDWD. TOWGOOD, lun., Sawston i

A. DOUGLAS. Whittlesford o

JOSHUA GREEN, Stanstead, Esse.t o

F. ATKINS. Gardener, Hargraves, Essex ,. .. o

F. ORCHARD, Abbington Hall o

RICHARD ARCHER, HoubtonBartlow .. .. i

T, J. FICKLI N.Linton o

WILLIAM BURLING, Linton o

Dr. FRANCIS PINCE, Sawston r

Rev. H. J. CARTER, Duxford o

Rev. C. H. CROSSE, Sawston o

Gen. INGLIS. Hildersham t

G. RUSE. Babraham o

Mrs. EDWARDS, Babraham o

Collected by Mr. N. F. FULLER, Idsworth (Jardens.

Horndean, at a Meeting of the Committee of the

Havant Chrysanthemum Society o

Mr. LOCK, Havant o

Mr. ARTER. Havant o

Mr. SUTER, Havant .. o

Collected in Boxes at Messrs. CUTBUSH and SON'S

Chry.santhemum Shnw at Higheate .. ..6

Collected by EMPLOYES at the Highgate Nurseries r

ANONYMOUS o

Mr. J. B. KENDALL, Templeton Gardens, Roe-

hampton, S,W. . . .. .. .. ,, ., o

YOUNG MENl in the Templeton Gardens, Roe-

hampton, S.W .. .. o

16 6
2 6

-c^r;

THE

darters' d{fir0nMt

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1884.

K E N F I E L D,

SOME few miles from the old city of Can-
terbury, and fewer still from the station
at Chartham, is the manor-house at Kenfield.
We need not say anything to recommend Can-
terbury to the notice of the reader. Chartham
is not likely to be so familiar to him, and
although the horticultural attractions of the
place are not remarkable, yet as wandering
horticulturists in general have a keen eye for
the picturesque and the beautiful — for whatever
may be interesting, in fact, we may do well to
call attention to the picturesque old houses on
the green, so difterent from the stucco erections
of our modern suburbs — and more especially to
the glorious Decorated church and its fine and
most interesting brass. These, however, must
not lure us from our purpose — only let the '
visitor to Kenfield make a note of them. A
drive or walk of a few miles over a richly undu-
lating country, fairly wooded, with poor hungry
chalk soil on the downsand crestsof the hillsaiid
rich fertile loam in the valleys and combes, brings
us to our goal — the Pinetum at Kenfield Hall,
near Petham, the seat of R. E. Thomson, Esq.

Shelter and soil have co-operated here to in-
duce a stately growth of the trees, which has
been rapid beyond what might have been
expected in the time, and which is the more
astonishing, as the climate of this part of Kent is
not exactly Californian in its amenity. On the
day of our visit, a week or two ago, Kenfield
was surrounded by a cold " haur " — a strange
contrast to the warmth and brilliant sun we left
an hour or so previously on the Kentish coast.
The Pinetum was laid out in 1854, under the
direction of Mr. Thomson, by the late Mr.
Masters, of Canterbury — an enthusiast in his
profession, who combined the instincts of an
artist with the zeal of a naturalist, and who was
spared to witness much of the stately effect he
had foreseen and provided for.

In addition to the Pines there is a collection
of deciduous trees, such as Copper and notched-
leaf Beeches, White Elm and White Limes,
evergreen Oaks, and Ailantus, and a selection
of flowering shrubs. In the park are Conifers,
planted in 1S49, and grand Sycamore trees on
which the rooks build their nests, as well as
Ash, Walnut, Oak, Scotch Pine, and Larch of a
size seldom seen. The greater part of these trees,
and an avenue of Horse and Spanish Chest-
nuts, must have been planted by members of
the Thomson family nearly 300 years ago, with
the large beds of Lent Lilies under them. The
present resident has planted 100 Walnut trees.
There is not a farm on the estate to which he
has not added a good orchard. Groups of Fir
and Larch have been planted all over the estate,
and the woods have been planted up according
to the falls of underwood, which is very material
in keeping up the value of the underwood on
the estate. The Holly and Yew are left in the
falls for effect. There is a plantation of fruil
trees, and one for wood plants at Garlinge
Green. In the garden are ferneries, rockeries,
pools of fish, and beds of flowers and sub-

712

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

tropicals. The gardener, Mr. Charles Webb,
has been with Mr. Thomson for some years, and
has sjreat knowledpie of Conifers and their cul-
tivation.

In February, 1S45, Mr. Thomson bought of
Mr. Hooker, Goudhurst, an Araucaria irabri-
cata, Cedrus Deodara, Pinus insignis, excelsa,
and Douglasii, and planted them inside a wall
of his garden, a.- d in 1S49 took the wall down
and removed all the Pines with the exception of
Piuus insignis, which was killed by the frost in
1S61, with a young tree grown from the seed of
the Pinus. The insignis was a beautifully grown
tree, 35 feet high, and the girth of the stem was
7 feet. The Araucaria on the lawn in the front
ot the house is laden with male catkins, and is
at least 30 feet high. There are four Araucarias
now with male catkins and two with cones,
from which fifty young plants have been raised
from their seed. There are six large Welling-
tonias of great height and bearing cones, well
sheltered, and the foliage as it drops has never
been taken away from the trees, and, although
there is great depth of good soil, sewage has often
been applied, and always in rainy weather.

These particulars have been derived from the
descriptive list published by Mr. Thomson, a
list containing a catalogue of all the species of
Conifers cultivated, together with indications
of their native country, their present height and
other particulars. Could we print this list in its
entirety it would obviate the necessity for any
remarks of our own, but the space at our dis-
posal does not permit this, and hence we
confine ourselves to the mention of a few of
the more remarkable trees kindly pointed out
to us by Mr. Thomson. And first of the Wel-
lingtonia (Sequoa) gigantea. This is one of the
noblest specimens we have seen anywhere. It
was planted in 1S54 by the late Mr. Masters him-
self when only 6 inches high, and has now
attained a height of about 70 feet, while the
side branches are 112 feet in circumference, the
lower ones gracefully sweeping down to the turf,
and then upturned, and bearing nuinerous cones.
A Red-wood (Sequoia sempervirens) and two
Deodars were planted on the same day by
members of the Thomson family. Four of the
golden variegated Wellingtonias from Hartland
of Cork, planted long afterwards, have already
attained a height of 16 feet, and are the hand-
somest of the kind we have met with. The
Red-svoods average 60 feet in height, and the
ten Deodars range from 50—60 feet each. As
for the other trees we cannot follow any defi-
nite order, as our visit was a short one, and the
weather not propitious. Taking them in the
order in which we find them in our note-book,
we have first to call attention to a noble speci-
men of the Irish Yew, some 20 feet in height,
a well-grown and striking tree. Dovaston Yews
of large size are most eftective for filling up
corners, and are largely employed here
with excellent eftect. Abies bracteata, a tree
one seldom meets with, probably because it
is spring-tender, has here attained a height
of 36 feet ; its long sharp-pointed leaves and
pale spear-like shining buds are very charac-
teristic. Of Abies Lowiana (or whichever of
its numerous s\'nonyms may be preferred) there
are several handsome specimens, averaging 40
feet in height. It is clear that the differences
in this plant are largely dependent on the
localities whence they were obtained. The
earlier importations appear to have been more
uniform in character than the later ones, thus
amongst the older trees, planted for some years,
there is no difficulty in recognising this species
both from concolor and from grandis, but go
into the nearest nursery and inspect the seed-
beds and quarters of young plants, and the diffi-
culty of saying where concolor ends and lasio-
carpa or Lowiana begins, or vice vvtSi'i, is by no
means slight. At the same time, the extreme
form of true concolor is very readily distin-
guishable.

There is a group of noble Picea Menziesii,
with clean boles, from 50—70 feet in height,
and with fine spreading heads, that make us
think of Longfellow's " forest primaeval," so
stately are they, and so perfectly is the aspect of
a forest produced by them. One of the boles
that we roughly measured was 70 inches in girth
at 4 feet from the base. Pinus insignis, and
P. Pinea succumbed some years ago to the
frost, and are now only represented by small
specimens. The Pinaster thrives, but is as
scraggy in appearance as it is elsewhere. One
planted in 1S49 measures now S6 inches in cir-
cumference at 4 feet from the ground, and has
a height of 60 feet. A form of P. Laricio,
perhaps P. Pallasiana, though with a smaller
cone than we are accustomed to see in that variety,
is represented by a grand specimen, the trunk
of which is 85 inches in circumference at 4
feet from the ground, and some 60 feet in
height. Pinus macrocarpa has attained ^
height of 50 feet and bore a cone some time since,
others are now forming. The tallest Araucaria is
over 55 feet in height,' well furnished to the base,
a beautiful specimen. As already mentioned,
numerous seedling plants have been raised
here, now ranging from 2 — 3 feet in height,
and planted in various situations in the grounds.
The Douglas Fir does well here, the specimens
averaging from 40—60 feet in height. One of
the most interesting shrubs in the ground is a plant
of the fastigiate Cephalotaxus pedunculata which
has betrayed itsorigin bysendingoutseverallarge
spreading branches with the two-ranked leaves
of the species instead of the scattered foliage of
the erect shoots, which have the same arrange-
ment as in the Irish Yew. We have only men-
tioned the larger specimens, but the collection is
rich in smaller ones of more recent introduction
or smaller stature, and is indeed for its size one
of the most complete and interesting it has been
our good fortune to witness.

Hardy perennials are in favour at Kenfield,
and as indications of the advantages of shelter
it may be mentioned that the New Zealand
Flax (Phormium tenax), Dracaena indivisa, and
some of the hardy Bainboos, are planted out
heie, and although they receive no protection
they have attained large dimensions.

As in most collections where the owner has
a special fondness for trees, or has associations
with particular specimens, thinning and timely
removal have not been carried out sufficiently
early, so that some of the specimens can now
never .assume the full majesty and beauty of
which they are capable ; but who would have
thought of seedlings 6 inches in height becoming
such giants in the course of a quarter of a
century ?— or who cannot sympathise with the
feeling that forbids the removal of such valued
friends ? — and yet !

We add from Mr. Thomson's list the follow-
ing details relating to the height of a few addi-
tional species :— Abies alba, 20 — 30 feet ; A.
Smithiana, or Morinda, 50 feet ; A. cephalonica,
65 feet ; A. Fraseri, 50 feet ; A. grandis, 20 feet ;
A. nobilis, 40 — 50 feet ; A. Nordmanniana, 50
feet ; A. pectinata, 50—70 feet ; A. Pinsapo,
40 — 50 feet ; A. Douglasii, 40—60 feet ; Cedrus
atlantica, 60 feet ; Cupressus Lawsoniana, 30 —
50 feet ; C. L. erecta viridis, ro — 15 leet ;
C. sempervirens, 50 feet ; Libocedrus decurrens,
50 feet ; Pinus Cembra, 40 feet ; Pinus Coulteri,
50 feet ; P. monticola, 50 feet ; P. ponderosa,
55 feet ; P. pyrenaica, 55 feet ; Thuia gigantea,
50 feet.

Wild Fkuits in Italy.— Consul -General Col-
naghi, reporting on the province of Diezzo, Italy,
says one of the rural industries common to the
wooded districts is the gathering of wild Strawberries,
Raspberries, and Mushrooms. In the season, at
certain hours of the day, almost a procession of
women and children may be met in the woods carry-
ing baskets filled with fruit to the central village.«,
whence it is forwarded to the cities of the plains. As
the season advances men often walk five, six, or more
hours, over the mountains, with large baskets on their
backs, to gather the fruit on the higher hills.

Uui

ANGR-ECUM KOTSCIIVI, H. C. Rchb.f.

My prediction is fulfilled. This extraordinary
plant rivals Angrsecum EUisii. I have at my side
a grand inflorescence, kindly presented me by Sir
Trevor Lawrence. It would be very desirable to
have some remarks added by Sir Trevor about the
nature of the plant itself and the treatment requisite
to get it in such perfection. [We shall insert a com-
munication relating to this plant from Sir Trevor
Lawrence next week. Ed.] The peduncle is 0.44 m.
long, terete, with low blunt transverse elevations here
and there on its surface. The colour is greyish-green,
with very numerous small white dots, and here and
there is a brown marbling. Theie is a pronounced
tendency to zigzag, as each second flower — there are
twelve ! — stands on an angulate portion of the
peduncle. There is a short protracted emergence
from the peduncle under each pedicelled ovary. The
tlowers, when fading, have lightest sulphur-coloured
perianth?, excepting the reddish base of the lip, which
has a more vivid colour than the lighter reddish stalked
ovaries. The gorgeous long spurs, with their spiral
curves, appear to like to curl around their neighbours.
Imagine a family of light leddish-ochre-coloured ser-
pents. Such an inflorescence is so surprising that it
may be regarded as a most welcome ornament of an
Orchid collection, though it has neither bright colours
nor a normally acknowledged shape of flower. The
lips have a longer isthmus and a narrower anterior
blade than those which were on the flowers kindly
forwarded by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in September,
iSSo. It is, however, in this case a great satisfaction
to me that Sir Trevor Lawrence does not want a
special name for each individual of his grand collec-
tion. H, G, Rchb.f.

Rhododendron Toveren.?;,*j'/. n.^F. von MtuU.

During a recent ascent of ranges fully 6000 feet
high in south-eastern New Guinea it fell to the for-
tunate lot of Mr, Carl Hunstein to discover a
grand epiphyte, of which he brought a solitary flower,
but made a coloured sketch of the latter also (see
fig, 127). Though it is unusual to define any plant
botanically from a single flower, I feel no scruples in
this exceptional case in placing at once this superb
production of the Papuan flora on descriptive record,
especially as the material, although scanty, allows
of referring the plant clearly to the genus Rhododen-
dron. Thus also I am enabled to fulfil a long-
cherished wish to connect with some splendid floral
treasure the name of the Marquis Goyzueta de
Toverena, Consul-General in Australia for the Italian
kingdom, a nobleman who has given much encou-
ragement to ray researches while worthily repre-
senting here for a series of years his great country.

Four species of Rhododendron are described from
New Guinea in Dr. Beccari's Ma/csia^ i., pp. 200, 202 ;
they all came from Mount Arfak ; so that the addition
of a south-eastern species renders it probable that
these superb plants occur in numerous specific forms
throughout the higher regions of the Papuan island.
This fifih congener differs in its white and very
large flowers from the other four ; but R. Konori
has also a 7-Iobed corolla {a characteristic other-
wise only recorded in R. Fortunei), and the
number of stamens is also about the same as in R.
Toverence, while the anthers are likewise remarkably
elongated. Among the Sikkim species of Rhododen-
dron our new one approaches to R. Edgworthi; bat
the flowers are numerous (forming indeed, accord-
ing to the collector's note, magnificent umbel-like
bunches of over a foot's width), the limb of the

'* Rhoihienihon Ttveremr, — Corymbs containing .ibout
twelve Howers, each on nn average 6 ti ches long and wide ;
calyx reduced to a terminal narrow oblique expnn<;ion of the
st;ilklet, the latter nearly glabrous ; corolla pure whiii;, its tube
slender cylindrical, about 3 inches lone;, but not half an inch
wide at the middle, slightly widened upwards, lobes seven,
horizontal, oblong-ovate, somewhat waved, scantily reflexed
at the margin for short spaces, rounded-blunt or (according
to the sketcli) occasionally sinuous at the suinmlt or there pro-
duced into two or three lobules; stamens fourteen, somewhat
exerted, about 4 inches long, filaments iu th-rir lower portion
densely beset with sliorl spreading hair, in the upper )^it),tion
nearly glabrous, anthers linear-cylindtical, nearly or fully half
an inch long ; pistil haidly longer tban the corolla- tube,
cover of the stigma patellar, ovary 7-cclled. stigma 7-lQbed,
.style about \% inch long, as well as the ov-iry fulvous-velvety,
c-xcept towards the summit. F. :•. J/,

Decembek 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

713

corolla is broader, the tube much longer, the
stamens become increased in proportion to the
corolla-lobes, and the anthers are longer and pale-
coloured, while (as noted by the finder of the
plant) the stigma and upper part of the style are
deep red ; the foliage may also prove very ditferent.
Our plant comes nearer to R. Falconeri, so far as the
copious masses of its flowers, the much-lobed corolla
and the numerous stamens are concerned ; but the
length and width of the flowers is much greater, and
the shape of the corolla is not campanulate. Indeed
only R. Griffithi in its variety Aucklandi comes up to
the size of the flowers of R. Toverenae, the latter,
however, is distinguished by the comparatively slender
corolla tube, much longer anthers, and a denser vesti-
ture of the pistil. Mr. Hunstein speaks of pink leaves
next the flowers, which would accord with young
leaf-shoots of red tinge, such as are observed in several

from the severity of the climate, the houses are built
more with regard to convenience and utility than
architectural effect. They are all provided with
entrance lobbies, the utility of which can well be
imagined. The collections in extent and variety are
such as to illustrate the vegetable kingdom with great
completeness, and they are astonishing to those who
know the difticulties to be encountered in growing
plants. That one of the chief botanic gardens of the
world should be kept up and perfected in so high a
latitude is no small evidence of the enterprise and
energy which the managmg mind is so well known to
possess. The extent of the collections and the difficulty
of doing full justice to them may be understood from
the fact that our first inspection of the houses occupied
fully five hours, and we had only been able to make

Selaginella. Here we do not observe any uncommon
kinds, and the aim probably is to show the charac-
teristic efl^ect of which Bromeliads are capable ; but
in another house, containing the principal collec-
tion, are several new species. [One of them is
precisely like the plant known as Glaziova insignis,
but with spiny-margined leaves. Bromelia fasluosa
var. Bergmanniana, with inner leaves of brilliant
red, is one of the most striking. There are many
imported plants, which have yet to flower. In yet
another house we noted Canistrum eburneum from
Haage & Schmidt, a fine species with spotted green
leaves.

Ferns. — The Fern-houses are very interesting, and
a striking feature is the use of Ivy to cover the iron

>^HT7fi7R:

Fig. 123.— the botanic garden, st. Petersburg.

Rhododendrons, particularly R. Fortune! and R.
Hookeri. A consideration of the fact that the calyx
in many species of Rhododendron becomes obliterated
strengthens the view that the floral envelope of Pro-
teaceas and a few orders allied to them is petaline, not
calycine. Ferd. von Mueller,

THE ST. PETERSBURG
BOTANIC GARDEN.
This famous garden is situated in a northern
suburb on the Apothecaries' Island, and comprises
about 32 acres of ground. There are twenty-four or
twenty-five houses, and the great Palm-house, the
largest of all, is said to be nearly 100 feet high.
They are all built of wood, and the hotter houses are
provided with double sashes. Boards are used in
winter to keep out cold, and, as would be expected

passing notes. A number of the best of the speci-
mens were at the International Exhibition at the time
of our visit, and we do not perhaps mention some of
the most remarkable in these notes.

Bromeliads. — In a house devoted partly to the
Bromeliaceas we found a method of growing the
plants of this order which is at once novel and
effective. The imitation of Nature is the key-note
of this establishment, and the Bromeliads are situated
in the branches of trees, where they are fixed at first
by means of wire, sphagnum, and a little peat. A
grove is formed of selected Birch stems and branches,
which are stuck in the ground, and by careful ar-
rangement occupy effectively the space afforded by
the house. Some of the plants are nearly as high as
the ridge, and the group is so large as to form a
good feature. The ground beneath is covered with

supports of the roof. Ivy also adorns the rafters in
some of the houses, and this form of ornamentation we
found to be common in Russia. Among Filmy Ferns,
as a specimen, Hymenophyllum nitens is the most re-
markable. A fine Todea barbara attracted our atten-
tion, so large that it could not be taken to the
Exhibition. There are fine Tree Ferns, of which
we noted Cyathea princeps, C. medullaris, and C.
Gardneri as among the best. Dicksonia antarctica
was of great size, Balantium was very good, and
so also were Cibotium regale and Hemitelia calolepis.
A set of the genus Lomaria, here included with Blech-
num — so far as the species we noticed are concerned
— seemed of great interest among the others, and of
fine specimens of good species we noted L. gigantea,
L. nuda, and L. fluviatilis. The first we admired the
most, but the last is also one of the best of the genus,
and is very distinct, as well as interesting, from its

7H

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

slightly peculiar habit, the fronds being much de-
pressed. A plant called Blechnum falcatum we noted
as worth recollection, and as we cannot find the
name in books it may be new.

In one of the other houses is a young stock of a
new species of Cheilanthes, from Tuikestan, but yet
too yjung to show its character. Among the new
Ferns introduced by nurserymen, o( which the
majority find a place in this collection, is Adiantum
erosum, from Messrs. Veitch, excellent and pretty
from its finely divided pinnos.

Orchids, etc.— In the Orchid-house are two fine
species of Lycopodium ; the most striking is L. squar-
rosum, which has a thick, erect, darkly coloured stem,
with rigid leaves, sharply subulate and slightly de-
pressed. The other kind, L. reflexum, has pendulous
stems, with bright green leaves, variously directed. In
this house are the Nepenthes, about fourteen kinds, all
grown in baskets. Not many Orchids were in flower,
but these were good kinds, such as Oncidium Krameri
and Calanthe veratrifolia. One of the nicest is Onci-
dium pulvinatum, with bright though small flowers, of
dark yellow, spotted with red. The variety of Brassia
Lanceana called Lietzei apparently differs from the
species in having olivaceous flowers. Others we
noticed were Ilabenaria maculosa and the curious
Bifrenaria inodora, with olivaceous segments and a
purple lip. This collection is a large one, to which
important additions are frequently made.

The Greenhouses. — In the Heath-house a
fine specimen of Wistaria muUijuga was splendidly
in flower, and it is much more ornamental :ind
fiee-blooming than we had supposed. The flowers
are pure white, in long narrow racemes. Ivy is
used in this house to screen the under-part of the
s'.age, and its appearance is much better than that
of ihe bare ground or floor, so often exposed to view.
Long ranges of greenhouses contain a great variety
of plant?, interesting botanically. There are several
uncommon kinds of Helichrysum, such as H. rupestre,
PI. serpyllifoliiim var. orbiculare, and II. ^ielinum.
Hippia frutescens and Stoebe cinarea may be men-
tioned as oiher interesting fruticose Corapositse. In
this house we observed for the first time the common
Laurel in pots, but almost in every garden it is to be
found, and some of the nurserymen grow it for decora-
tion by the hundred. Testudinaria rupicola is a kind
quite new to us, and in this house probably is the
long-sought-for Gazania Pavonia. We have little
doubt that this is the true plant, though for some
years we had not seen it.

Palms and Cycads. — A large greenhouse is set
apart for herbaceous plants, for raising the seeds and
growing on the young plants. Certain collections are
kept here in reserve, and, among others, we found a
considerable one of Irises, which includes, according to
a label, the extremely rare Iris suaveolens. One of the
finest plants in this house is Allium Alexieanum, from
Western Turkestan, remarkable for its fine broad
recurved leaves and somewhat handsome ILi^manthus-
like inflorescence, A very fine specimen of Myoso-
lidium nobile shows great skill in its culture, though
possibly its culture may be facilitated by some favour-
able condition not found in England. The principal
plants flowering in this house were P'ritillaria impe-
rialisvar. inodora, from Turkestan, not widely different
from the species, but yet distinct, and apparently
differing most In its much smaller flowers ; Chori-
spora Greigi, a pretty Crucifer, with lilac flowers and
pinnatifid leaves, reminding one of Orychophragma
in its appearance ; Rubus arcticus, one of the best
specimens we have seen ; Rhododendron Chamxcistus,
Phyteuma betoniccefolium, Corydalis angustifolia, and
Tulipa Gesneriana var. luteo-bicolor, with yellow
flowers, the outer perianth-segments red outside. A
pot specimen of Ophioglossum vulgatum was remark-
able for its fine development, and among the most
curious and striking plants we noted Lactuca Robo-
rowski of Professor Maximowicz. Here were flower-
ing many of those terrestrial Orchids we noted par-
ticularly at the Exhibition.

The Japan house contains a good collection of the
plants of that country, and there are many kinjls we
are accustomed to see out-of-doors. In this house are
numerous varieties of the common Holly. The New
Holland house has in it a Wcllingtonia growing in a
tub ; there is also an extremely pretty specimen of
Casuarina tenuissima, with fine drooping branches.
One of the most curious things for a Coprosma is C.
acerosa, which, a'i the name denotes, has needle-like

leaves. It forms a striking shrub to those who are
interested in such things, and grows about 3 feet high.

Succulents, etc. — Succulents are well repre-
senied, and in the succulent-house there is a fine
group of Araliads, a class of plants appreciated
more on the Continent than in p;!ingland. In nearly
all gardens we have found one or a number of
Oreopanax dactylifera, one of the best kinds, and
with us one of the most rare. The Cactus-house
(as well as several others) is situated upstairs,
that is to say, over the shed behind one of the other
houses, much on the same plan as we believe is also
found in the Jardin des Plantes, of Paris. Here is a
fine specimen of the rare and very di&tinct Anhalo-
nium prismalicum. The Mammillaiias appear to do
much better than the other Cacti, which probably
sutfer more than they do from the shortness of the
summer and the daikness of winter.

Conifers. — A house devoted to Conifers is one of
the most interesting, and it brings home to the mind
howmuch cultivation out-of-doors is limited by the cold
of the climate. This collection is extensive, but, with
few exceptions, the kinds ate all hardy in England.
The specimens are arranged in natural groups, all
those of one genus standing together. As one of the
most curious, and at the same time attractive, we
noted Cryptomeria japonica var. spiralis, of which
there was a good specimen, pretty and interest-
ing ; Libocedrus Doniana was very good, and, as
generally with us, necessarily grown in pots. The
Deodar was another of our rather tender kinds,
but some of the species in this house, that would not
live out-of-doorF, could but excite our sympathy with
Russian gardeners for the rigid climate they have to
deal with. Probably some of the species were in this
house to complete the collection, though there are but
few apparently that can survive the climate. Some
were very pretty specimens, as for instance Biota
pendula and B. orientalis. Junipers were also very
good ; but Pines and Firs are, of course, less suited
to the restriction of pots and moderate space. To
plant out such a collection would need immense space,
and these specimens are all in pots. In this house is
a fine Lapageria, no doubt splendid in bloom, if
it flowers well. From this we enter a large house of
Rhododendrons and Azaleas, few of the former in
flower, but rather a good show of the latter.

The small Palm-house is one of the most ornamental
in the garden, and it contains also some fine specimens
of Cycads, one of them, Lepidozamia Perofl^skiana,
being magnificent of its kind and perfect in every
particular. The finest specimens are Chameerops
humilis macrocarpa, Rhapidophyllum hystrix, Ceroxy-
lon Klopstocki, and Livistona Jenkinsoni. A few of
the best Cycads are Encephalartos Altensteinii typ.,
and the variety paucidentatus ; Ceratozamia Kusteri-
ana, C. longifoHa, and C. MiqueUana ; Encephalartos
longifolius integrifolius, and E. longifolius dentatus.
All these are particularly fine, and among miscel-
laneous plants a large Freycinetia compelled attention.
The specimens in this house are disposed in groups,
bordered with Aspidistra lurida.

Aroids — In this garden the collection of Aroids is
fine and important, and it includes a number of new
and rare species. Anthurium Gustavh is a very fine
new species with immense green leaves, and it attracted
our attention at the Exhibition as one of the fine plants
there. Among specially fine specimens were Philo-
dendron Selioum and P. pinnatifidum var. rubro-
punctatum. This last has its petioles spotted with
red, and the leaf-blade is cut into narrow divisions.
The most noteworthy in flower was Amorphophallus
maculata ; it has a dark scape a foot high, spotted
with white ; the hood is erect, coloured in the same
way as the stem on the outside, but within of a dirty
white colour. A variety of Amorphophallus named
Konjac was new to us ; but there was no foliage by
which to form an opinion of it. Some of the species
we thought of most interest were Gonatopus Boivini,
Hydrosma maxima, Spatharteum heterandrum, and
Helicophyllum Alberti. A curious kind of Philoden-
dron, with long petioles and small leaf-blades, will
probably prove to be new. Many of these climbing
Aroids are grown on Birch-stems standing in a group,
on a similar plan to that adopted for the Bromeliads.

In ihe great Palm*house is a fine Yucca aspera,
which has a good stem 3 feet high. The greatest
novelty to us in this house was a fine Bamboo with
purple stems, in habit like B. Arundinacca, and
called Guadua latifolia. We remember no other
Bamboo like it, and do not find by our list that we
have seen a Bamboo under this name, or a synonym.
It appears at once distinct by its stem ; the leaves are
brnad, and it is a handsome plant. In this house are
splendid specimens of Mnximiliana regia, Livistona
roiundlfolia, L. subglobosa, and Diplolhemium
Martianum.

{To be continued.)

I'-'V" i

otfs and ileanings.

Dendroeium cumulatum.— This pretty and, in
the form of its lip, somewhat singular Dendrobe,
is now in flower at Kew. It was first described by
Dr. Lindley in the GarJenen' Chronicle for 1S55
from leafless specimens, its native country being then
unknown. In 186S Colonel Benson, whe sent from
India to England, and generally to Kew, numerous
and valuable Orchids, forwarded living specimens of
the above from Moulmein. D. cumulatum has tufted
pseudobulbs I foot or more in length, and produces
its flowers on Ihe one-year-old bulbs, the flowers
being aggregated along the lower part of the bulbs,
as in D. secundum and other allied species. The
sepals and petals are nearly [equal, and spread out
so as to form a sort of standard, against which are
placed the short white column and the papery label-
lum, which has a curiously cristated apex, not unlike
what is seen in Vanda cristata. Spur rather long and
thick, slightly curved. The under-sides of the petals
and sepals, the spur, together with the peduncles and
pedicels, are a shining rose-purple, the /ront of the
flower being almost white and frosted. A sweet
vanilla-like odour arises from the flowers, especially
when they first open. A well grown plant of this
Dendrobe would, when clothed in its freely produced
bunches of bright sweetly-scented flowers, be a pretty
object even when placed by the side ot its numerous
beautifnl brethren. The Kew plant is but a small
one. A figure of it will be found in the Botanical
Ma^^azine, t. 5703. W.

L.ELI A ELEGAN3, VAR. ALliA. — Since the year
1853, when Messrs. Backhouse succeeded in intro-
ducing the typical L. elegans (figured in Botanical
Alagazinc, t. 4700, as Cattleya elegans), some distinct
and widely diff'erent forms of it have found their way
into English collections, several of which have received
varietal names, such as Houtteana, prasiata, lobata,
lie., and the above name, alba. This last-mentioned
is by far the most sought after of these varieties, and
like many other white-flowered varieties of coloured
Orchids, it always fetches a good price in the market.
As is well known L. elegans has deep rose-coloured
sepals and petals, and a purplish labellum with side
wings much paler. In L. elegans alba the petals,
sepals, and side wings of the flowers are pure white,
whilst the blade of the lip is a bright purple-magenta,
or violet-purple. Between this and the type there are
numerous shades of colour in varieties of L. elegans,
and sometimes one sees a rose tinted variety otTered
as the true white form. There is, of course, quite as
much real beauty in some of these tinted varieties as
in the pure white itself, but judged by their relative
value in the market, the former are not so rare. A
plant of what would deserve to be called the pure
white form were it not for [he faintest tinge of rose in
its petals, is now in flower in the Orchid bouse at
Kew. To those who do not know this Laslia, it may
be pointed out as being one of the freest growing and
easiest to manage among Cattieyas and Laslias, as it
thrives well in an ordinary warm greenhouse tempera-
ture, and never fails to produce its large handsome
flowers early in winter. IV.

Cypripediums in Cold Frame in Summer.—
Some very fine Cypripediums which have been sub-
ectcd to especially cool treatment in summer and
autumn are now in bloom at Mr. James Cypher's,
Queen's Koad Nursery, Cheltenham, the quality of
their flowers and the strength of the plants being far
in advance of those kept in a higher temperature — a
fact which goes a long way towards proving the cor-
rectness of the plan which Mr. Cypher adopts. In
the early part of the summer a cool, shady, moist pit
having been selected, all the varieties of Cypripedium
insigne, including C. i. punctalum violaceum and C.
i. Chantinii, together with some plants of C. villosum,
C. Bo.xalli, C. Sedeni, and several other of the
Selenipedium section were placed in it, and care-
fully tended and watered. The plants grew with a
remaikable vigour, and at the approach of cold
weather they were removed to a cool house where
all the varieties of C. insigne and C. Sedeni are now
in bloom. So vigorous are the plants of C. insigne
that many of the llower-stems are over I foot 6 inches
in height, and over Iwcnty of them are twin flowered.
The C. Sedeni also seems to have gained depth of

December 6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

715

colour and substance l>y its sojourn in the cold frame,
and all the other plants treated, which are not in
bloom, bid fair to produce in due time flowers of
more than ordinary quality. Mr. Cypher considers
that, grown on his plan in summer, a large
selection of Cypripediums may be made, which,
by summer treatment in a cold frame, may be ren-
dered so sturdy that they will do in the cold-house
for the winter and spring ; indeed he has succeeded
already in growing the lovely C. Spicerianum in a
much lower temperature than usual, and he has now
a great display of it in bloom, both of the original and
the magnilicum types. Of course in making the
selection of Cypripediums for a cold pit, those why try
the experiment must proceed cautiously. All the
varieties of C. insigne are well known for their hardi-
ness, and C. villosum, C. laoxalli, C. Schlimii, C.
longifolium, C. caudatum, and all the other varieties
of Selenipedium, C. SedenI, and all the Scdcniform
hybrids as well as Uropedium Lindeni, may safely be
ventured on in a pit which gives most of the
characteristics ol a cold-house (not dry and draughty);
but all the Boinean and Javanese varieties, in fact all
with variegated leaves, must be cautiously dealt wi'.h,
and not too much ventured on at once. Carefully
worked out the subject will surely advance us a step
in Orchid culture, and that, too, with pleasure to the
e-\perimenters.

Prominent among the many good things in flower
now at Mr. Cypher's are Masdevallia tovarensis with
seventy-four blooms in a 6 inch pan; Aeiides Kohaneana
with two long spikes of very sweet-scented flowers ;
OJontoglossum Cervantcsii, with seven flowers on one
spike and four on another ; a grand show of very
highly coloured Calanthe Veitchii, and over twenty
fine spikes of Saccolabiuni giganteum. J. O'B,

LvcASTE PLANA.— A very fine variety of this old
but rare Bolivian species is now in flower with R. 11.
Measures, Etq., at The Woodlands, Streatham. In
general appearance both plant and flower are like
Lycaste Deppei. The sepals are olive-green, the
hooded petals pure white, and the lip, which gives
the great charm to the whole, is white, heavily
blotched and stained with blood-red. L. plana was
originally introduced in 1S41, and no doubt all Or-
chid growers would be glad to see it again imported
in fair quantity. J. O'B.

Orchids at Mr. William Bull's.— The Odon-
toglossum-house here, with its scores of spikes of O.
crispum in endless variety of form, tint, and markings,
is a sight in itself worth going a long distance to see,
especially at this dull time of year, added to which
there is a magnificent lot of O. Pescotorei, while O.
Wilckeanum, O. Coradinei, O- madrense, O. tripu-
dians, Calanthe Veitchi, &c., dispersed throughout
the honse, make a toiil-aisemMc charming in the
extreme. In the vexillarium-house, Oncidium varico-
sum and O. Forbesii were flowering in profusion —
two very useful and showy Oncids that every one
should grow— but the Odonloglossum vexillarium and
O. Phalanopsis are the best I ever saw, and in the
most superb health and condition. The Masdcvallia-
house is now gay with hundreds of blooms of the
lovely white Masdevallia tovarensis. On one plant
I counted upwards of 100 flowers. M. trochilus,
M. attenuata, M. amabilis, M. Reichenbachiana (a
wonderful specimen of M. macrura), and others were
in flower. In another of the cool houses I noticed a
batch of the lovely Trichosma suavis, filling the house
with its delicious perfume ; Oncidium tigrinum, very
sweet and handsome ; Cymbidium Mastersii and C.
giganteum, Odontoglossum Rossii majus, Lrelia
pumila in variety^ the yellow Oncidium cheirophorum,
Sophronites grandiflora, and quite a forest of spikes
of Lrelia anceps, L. autumnalis, and the variety L.
autumnalis atrorubens ; also a grand batch of Lycaste
Skinneri, conspicuous among them being the varieties
rubella, grandis, and superba ; these were very fine
in size and colour. In one of the warmer houses
a new Angrsecum from the AVest Coast of Africa was
flowering for the first time, also the new Dendro-
chilum cucumerinum, and the very finest Dendrochi-
lum Cobbianum I have seen, and as you see it here
it is perhaps the showiest species of the genus ;
Ccelogyne Massangeana, Oncidium ansiferum, Zygo-
petalum maxillare grandiflorum, and a grand batch of
Cypripedium Spicerianum. In another house there
is a wonderful batch of Odontoglossum cilrosmum,
dean, healthy, full of glossy green leaves, and just
finishing up the present year's pseudobulbs, which
are exceptionally fine ; Cycnoches chlorochilum, th;

C'lolden Swan Orchid, was tloweiing in this house ;
and the new Kpidcndrum xanthinum, Odontoglos-
sum grande, O. Krameri, S:c. Nothing can, how-
ever, surpass the vigour and cleanliness of the Cat-
tleyas and Liclias in Mr. Cull's large specimen hou5e,
and the great number of splendidly developed flower-
sheaths give promise of a magnificent displ.Ty of
bloom, interesting also, as many of the varieties are
floweiing for the first time in this country. Vandas,
Angrcccums, .Sobralias are here represented in mag-
nificent specimens, Dendrobium Dearei, D. super-
biens, P. bigilibum, II. Fylcheanum, Pt. formosum
giganteum, Barkeria elegans, Stelis acuminata, Cyr-
topodium Andersonii, Cumparettia macroplectron,
Catlleya luteola, and m.Tny other good things were in
bloom. G. y.

FOr^ESTI^Y.

Forestry for December.— Thinning. — The
general thinning of plantations and cutting of under-
wood should now be pressed forward without delay.
In thinning pay early attention to the marginal trees
or front lines, more especially upon the exposed or
windward side, as by allowing these ample room they
become branched to the ground, and thus form a
permanent shelter and exclude the most destructive
winds. As the thinning advances, remove to the
drives or rides all timber, firewood, and branches.
Heavy timber should be removed by horses, taking
great care not to injure the bark tif standing trees,
and all branches, firewood, and small poles c.\rtied
out and lotted by men. The present month is a good
time to fall and remove hedgerow or farm timber, as
but little damage can now be committed on fields,
whether arable or ploughed down. In some cases it
may be found advisable to grub or uproot farm timber,
more especially where the trees are growing on the
fields, or at a distance from the fences. As soon as
the game coverts are shot through no time should be
lost in completing work in connection therewith. To
perpetuate the density and value of game coverts an
annual pruning or ttimming and layering of the
plants is, although frequently neglected, all important.
This is more especially the case with such plants as
the Privet, Laurel, and Rhododendron, which, unless
well managed, soon become useless for the purpose
intended.

Nursery. — Conifer seeds may be collected during
the present month, more especially the various species
of Pinus which should be carefully dried and stored
away in the cones until required for sowing in spring.
Those seeds stored for some time back should be fre-
quently examined and [turned over ; the rot-heap
should also receive an occasional turn, so that fer-
mentation may go on equally all over the mass.
Keep on planting in the nursery during fine, open
weather. In transplanting seedlings give ample room
to each plant, which will not only promote a strong
bushy habit and the formation of plenty of roots, but
also aid to a great extent in preventing disease, as well
as contribute towards the ultimate success of the
trees when planted out permanenlly. In all nur-
series 15 inches should be allowed between the rows
of plants, and 6 inches from plant to plant for Larch
and Pines ; hardwoods iS inches between the rows,
and from lo to 12 inches between the plants. All
vacant ground in the nursery should be well cleaned
and trenched. If to be replanted immediately spread
on the surface a quantity of rich compost composed
of bones, road scraping, lime, and general nusrsery
refuse. Where convenient it is, however, much better
to plant all vacant ground with Potatos, whereby a
heavy dressing of farmyard manure can be applied
without any of the risk usually attached to such
when applied direct to the young nursery stock. By
working the nursery border in general rotation all are
kept in the best possible order for producing strong,
healthy plants. In applying lime to nursery compost
it may be well to remember, that for such trees as
the Larch anything of a calcareous nature is best
avoided. Collect all scourings of ditches, leaves, leaf-
mould, and other refuse for the formation of compost
heaps. \Yhere sufficient leaves have not been col-
lected, there is still an opportunity of getting them
from corners and hollows into which they may have
drifted.

Plantixg. — During favourable weather planting
should still be the first consideration. Id all dry

situations autumn or early winter planting is much
preferable, and attended with more satisfactory results
than where such work is deferred till spring. Damp
ground, peat-bog, or heavy clays are, however, best
planted in spring. Ornamental planting and the
formation of game coverts may also be carried on
during favourable weather, but do not insert plants in
ground containing particles of frost, or, as before
slated, in any portions saturated with an undue quan-
tity of moisture. When frosty or otherwise unfavour-
able weather intervenes all hands may be profitably
employed in groundwork improvements, road-making,
drainage, and fitting of ground to be planted in
spring, as well as wood-splitting and the binding cf
faggots for home consumption.

HEr>r,iN(^,— Finish up the planting of new and
repairing of old fences. Trim back all hedges that
have been planted for two years, and in doing so cut
upwards instead of downwards, as the latter method,
by producing a ragged cut, causes irregularity of
growth, and not unfrequently results in the rapid
decay of the stools. For new fences the best plants
to use are three-year seedlings twice transplanted,
especially such as are of a bushy nature and furnished
with an abundance of fibrous roots. Clean, by dig-
ging or hoeing, the sides of existing fences, which
will materially assist in preserving the plants in a
healthy vigorous condition. In filling up gaps in old
hedges extra strong plants should be used, the growth
of which will be much increased and strengthened by
an addition of decomposed farmyard manure or fresh
loamy soil in the positions in which they are to be
planted. For dry, gravelly soils. Beech may be used
in conjunction with the Quicks, in the proportion of
one of the former to two of the latter.

Fencing. — Take advantage of dry, frosty weather
during the present month lor the cartage of all fencing
material to unpland situations. Such fences cannot,
however, be created in a satisfactory manner during
frost, but by having the material at hand a start can
be made at any time when weather and other circum-
stances permit. Repair existing fences, tree-guards,
and rabbit-proof wire-nettings. By paying careful
attention to these serious damages by vermin and
game are frequently averted. A piece of Oak or
Larch bark placed around the stems of standard spe-
cimen trees and firmly tied with galvanised wire at
top and bottom is a cheap and most effectual method
of protecting these from the depredations of hares
and rabbits, and one that from extensive experience
I can honestly recommend. Pay attention to tree
slakes, and see that the moorings do not become
loose during stormy weather. For large trees three
wires placed equidistant and attached to stakes driven
firmly into the ground form a capital stay. Smaller
plants may be secured by driving a stout, sharp-
pointed stake firmly into the ground as close to the
tree-stem as practicable, and uniting this and the tree-
stem with matting and tarred rope. Where a num-
ber of specimen trees are distributed through the park
and adjoining grounds it will be found advantageous
to have them examined minutely at least once every
week, and any defaults at once set right. This, .in
mo.st cases at least, can be readily accomplished in
one day by a man and boy — the day most suitable
and convenient being Saturday. They should be
provided with a bag containing hammer, nails, and
staples, as well as a spade, hatchet, crow-bar, and
coil of wire.

Pruning. — As the thinning of plantations advances
pruning should take up the rear, and all double or
contending leaders, straggling or broken branches
carefully sawn over and the wound afterwards dressed
with a sharp knife or chisel. Dead or broken branches
in the park or policy grounds should not be allowed
to remain on the trees longer than can be avoided.
The wounds caused by amputation may, after being
dressed and smoothed over, be painted with tar or
rubbed with damp earth, as the appearance of newly
pruned branches is anything but desirable where ex-
posed to view along the sides of drives and walks, or
in close proximity to the mansion. Pruning should
also be attended to in the nursery, not only as regards
stem and branch but roots as well, the latter more
especially with such trees as the Oak. Shrubberies will
also require some attention in the way of removing
and shortening the current year's growths. This
should not be performed in a stiff or decided way, but
so as to produce an easy and natural appearance.

Roads and Walks. — The present is perhaps the

7i6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

best season of the year for renovating old or forming
new roads, drives, or walks. Prepare material for
repairing these, and never adopt the reprehensible
practice of carting rough stones and breaking them
where required for use on the road or walk. Previous
to metalling roads a slight picking of the surface is
necessary and will greatly assist the broken stones in
settling down. Rough gravel orscreenings placed thinly
over the metalling and well pressed down with a heavy
roller, will also help to consolidate the roadway and
make it easy for traffic and of great durability. Attend
to the drainage of roads and walks, their durability
and comfort being much enhanced thereby. During
wet weather roadside gratings should be daily
examined and kept free from all accumulations of
leaves, branchlets, and debris generally.

Drainage. — Woodland ditches and the mouths of
closed drains will require a more than ordinary
amount of attention during the winter season, The
drainage of woods and plantations seldom receives
the attention it should, but when it is remembered
that where stagnant water is allowed to remain really
healthy vegetation cannot exist, the need of a tho-
rough system of drainage will be the more apparent.
Scour out and deepen all existing watercourses, and
where necessary form new ditches for the removal of
superabundant moisture. The mouths of closed drains
should be examined weekly, or during very wet
weather every alternate day, as the accumulation of
rubbish may cause them to become choked and un-
workable, which, if not at once attended to, may end
in more serious and costly results.

General Work. — Remove Ivy from trees and
the roots of hedges. In the former case the work is
most effectually performed by grubbing up the roots
for a distance of 3 feet around the base of each tree.
It is also better to have it removed from the tree
stems for a distance of, say, 4 feet up. When time
permits a thorough clearance of all decaying wood
and debris from plantations should be effected. The
practice of leaving the smaller branches and unsale-
able pieces of wood to rot on the ground, or, what is
equally bad, placing these roughly together lor game
shelter, is most objectionable, and should never be
tolerated. Where prunings or fallen branches are
allowed to lie and accumulate from year to year the
woods cannot be in a healthy stale, as such debris are
the most prolific sources of the fungoid diseases, and
also of the numerous insect pestswhich have committed
such extensive depredations on our forest trees of late
years. The Pine beetle (Hylurgus piniperda) and
Pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) are two of the most
destructive insects in Fir woods, the origin of which
may, in the majority of cases, be traced to some old
wood or branches that had been left lying about when
thinning the plantation. By taking the precaution
to have all such wood collected and burnt at this
season of the year, before the genial warmth of the
returning spring and summer calls these insects into
active life, multitudes of them will be destroyed, and
as the age of reproduction will never be reached the
insects will become less and less numerous, until
finally, by careful management, they become extinct
altogether.

If not the most destructive certainly one of the
most unsightly fungi we have to deal with is Capno-
dium Footi. Evergreens, such as the Laurel, Bay,
Ivy, and Aucuba seem to fare worst, although I have
found it somewhat plentiful on the Sycamore, Beech,
and Holly. The fungus gives to the leaves the
appearance as if exposed to smoke, which, under a
strong lens, resembles a vast agglomeration of little
sooty nodules. Although this fungus is usually accom-
panied by scale insect, and undoubtedly grows with
greater luxuriance where the excretions of these are
present, yet the presence of the one is by no means
necessary for the growth of the other ; indeed, I have
repeatedly found the fungus without the scale, and
vice vend. Two methods adopted lor the destruction
of this fungus are collecting and destroying the
affected foliage, and syringing the plants with a weak
solution of paraffin oil and water. A. D. Wibslcr,
Penrhyn Castle, North IVales.

DISEASE OF PARSNIPS.

PERONOSPORA NIVEA, UNG.

It frequently happens that growers of Parsnips
find the roots attacked by a disease which greatly

"Havana Cigaks." — As an illustration of the
value of names to commercial articles the follow-
ing extract from the report of the British Consul on
the trade and commerce of the province of Bahia,
will be of interest. Under the head of "Tapioca,
Cassava, and Tobacco," it is stated that the supplies
annually increase, " but the three articles are locally
subjected to so many ' tricks of the trade ' that few
persons seemingly care to ship them. For the edifica-
tion of consumers, I may mention that Tobacco goes
hence to Hamburg and returns here and to the West
Indies as 'Havana cigars,' and no doubt much is
sold under that denomination in England and
throughout Europe."

<y^

FlG. 124 —DISEASE OF PARSNIPS

Section through a fragment of Parsnip leaf, showing Perono-
tporanivea, Ung. , growing from the lower surface, enlarged
z.o diam. Conidia and zoospores enlarged Icoo diam.
A, Upper, B, lower skin of the leaf; c, Spawn of the fungus
branching in the tissue of the leaf.

Fig. 125.— disease of parsnips.

F, G, Restiog-sporcs of Peronospora nivea. Ung. : H, J, K, L, M,
Protomycts macrosporus, Ung.

resembles in its effects that of Potalos. The large
fleshy tap.roots exhibit brown diseased patches, which
patches may at length extend over nearly the entire

root. The whole growth may then fall into a mass
of putrescence. In referring this ailment to the
Potato disease the practical growers are not far wrong,
for both diseases are caused by the attack of a resting-
spore and zoospore-bearing Peronospora.

The disease of Parsnips now before us is caused by
a fungus named Peronospora nivea, of Unger, some-
times printed as P. umbelliferarum of Caspary. The
parasite is not confined to Parsnips, for it grows on
many other Umbelliferous plants, notably Chervil,
Hemlock, Parsley, and various worthless Umbellifer-
ous weeds. It will, therefore, be seen that Umbellifer-
ous weeds nurse the parasite when garden Umbellifers
are not near. As in the Potato disease, the first attack
of the fungus of Parsnips is made on the leaves, from
the leaves (where the fungus ramifies in the interior)
the mycelial threads reach the stem, and by the soft
interior of the stem the fungus easily reaches the
esculent roots.

At A, fig. 124, we have illustrated from Nature, en-
larged 200 diameters, a section through a fragment of
a Parsnip leaf ; the upper surface of the leaf with its
epidermal layer and two rows of sausage-shaped palis-
ade cells is seen at A, the lower surface, with three
stomata or organs of transpiration at B, and the loosely
packed cells of the interior of leaf, with three spiral
threads belonging to veinlet at c. The spawn of the
fungus is seen traversing the intercellular spaces of the
lyaf, and emerging as spore-bearing threads through
one of the organs of transpiration. The fungus|spawn is
furnished with numerous minute suckers, and these
suckers pierce the constituent cells. The mycelium
of the fungus " causes putrescence by contact;" by
this we, of course, mean that the contact of the
fungus breaks down the cell structure, and putrescence
immediately follows. The fungus utilises the cell
contents as food. A newspaper critic has recently
found great fault with our description of a fungus
causing "putrescence by contact," because his books
had taught him that the mycelium of Peronospora
pierces the cells in the style that a thread passes
through a bead. No doubt many mycelia pierce plant
cells somewhat In this way, but in some instances, as
in the one before us, the mycelial threads have the
same diameter as the diameter of the cells them-
selves, and, as the growth of the mycelium proceeds,
the leaf falls into putrescence — " by contact " — the
whole cell structure collapses before the growth of the
thick mycelium.

The tree-like branching growth of the fungus, two
stems having emerged through one organ of transpira-
tion, is seen in the lower part of this illustration, the
numerous dull semi-transparent spores are balanced
on inconceivably minute and fine spicules or short
hair-like branches. When the spores, or conidia as they
are often termed, are enlarged to 1000 diameters, they
are seen as at D. At the base of the spore the minute
stalk by which it was at first attached to its support-
ing thread is seen, and the membrane of the spore is
shown as gradually thinning towards the top. The
top is the weakest point of the spore, and at this
point it bursts at the time of germination. As the
spore reaches maturity, and especially when placed
on any moist surface, its interior protoplasmic sub-
stance becomes differentiated into a number of poly-
hedric portions, as shown by the dotted lines at D,
and each of these portions — six, seven, or eight — is
destined to become a zoospore. A ripe conidium is
shown in the act of germinating and selling free its
zoospores at E. Each zoospore is at length furnished
with two fine vibrating hairs, or cilia, and with these
cilia the zoospore is aided in its movements over any
damp surface. Zoospores are generally described as
naked specks of free protoplasm, with no cell-wall or
membrane, and for this reason we have always illus-
trated them with a single, and not a double outline.
Personally, however, we consider it by no means
proved that the zoospores in Peronospora are without
an extremely attenuated membrane, and that this
membrane opens or bursts on the germination of the
zoospore. At germination the cilia vanish, they are
absorbed by the zoospore or they break up into fine
particles, or they dissolve, or appear to do so. It is
sullicient in this place to say that the fine vibrating
hairs become lost to sight at the time of germination.
It is a nice point for cavillous persons to fight about,
and signs are not wanting that more than one disputa-
tious person is ready to " settle " this nice point for us
to his own satisfaction. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley
was probably the first person who ever saw zoospores
in Peronospora, for not only was he the first to illus-
trate them in Peronospora infestans of Montagne, but

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

717

in describing the plant now before us, nearly fifty years
ago, he wrote, " Spores very large, and decidedly
filled with sporidia."

As in the fungus of the Potato disease, the putre-
factive fungus of Parsnips produces oospores or rest-
ing spores in the leaves, stems, and roots of the plants
affiected. Two of these bodies, enlarged to 400
diameters, are shown at f, g, fig. 125.

It is a remarkable fact that a second fungus, named
Protomyces macrosporus, of Unger, often grows in
company with Peronospora nivea, on Umbelliferous
plants. The associated growth is extremely common
on Goutweed {.4Lgopodium podagraria, Linn.), and
the presence of the fungi is very manifest to the
unaided eyes by the deformed and knotted or swollen
appearance of the aflected leaves. The Protomyces
bears oospores or resting-spores like the Perono-
spora, and when the oospores belonging to the former
are small in size, they are not to be distinguished
from the oospores of the Parsnip fungus. The

They are non-ciliate zoospores, or if they have
cilia or vibrating hairs they are too fine to be seen.
On touching each other it is common to see one or
two of the zoospores fuse together. Professor Dc
Bary has termed this fusing "conjugation," and when
two spores of Protomyces have touched he terms
them zygospores, because, as he says, they are yoked,
paired or connubially "conjugated." We need
hardly say it is not every one who believes in this
startling interpretation of one of the commonest
phenomena belonging to fungus spores. If true, the
spores of many of the higher fungi ' * conjugate. " Place
fresh spores of the common Agaric, Trogia crispa,
Fr., on to a glass slide and fix under the microscope.
Every spore will be seen free. Breathe on the glass
and look again, and it will be seen that the warm
moist breath has caused the spores to "conjugate"
in the most polyandrous and polygamous manner.

The mycelium of Protomyces is capable of piercing
and breaking down cell structures, and so causing
putrefaction after the manner of Peronospora, therefore
the resemblance in habit between the two fungi, and

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Admitting that London is the centre of Chrysan-
themum activity, those, like the writer, who cannot
readily get away to see your great exhibitions, and
who are still inveterate admirers of the flower,
deserve your commiseration. It is probably from this
point of view Mr. Cannell, of Swanley, has thought-
fully sent me a box of blooms, principally new intio-
ductions, and that will likely find their way into com-
merce this year. Permit me to refer to a few of the
best to my mind. I give the place of honour to the
representative of what in future will probably be a
new and distinct class — the Anemone-Japanese. A
great beauty is Fabias de Maderanaz, high convex
cushion-like centre, pure white, with a shade of faint
rose, the outer guard petals falling downwards almost
parallel to the stem. Cloth of Gold is a welcome
addition to the yellow Japanese ; like the last, the
petals are very numerous, and form a large convex

Fig. 126.— the director's house, liOiAMi- oAkjjEN, st. Petersburg, (see f. 713.)

oospores of Protomyces are, however, variable in
size, and a series of five examples, enlarged 400
diameters from Nature, are shown at h, j, K, L, and
M. The presence of the oospores in the leaves causes
decayed pieces containing oospores to drop to the
ground.

We believe that Professor Caspary, and at one time
Mr. Berkeley himself, believed these oospores of Pro-
tomyces to belong to the Peronospora of Parsnips,
but of late years we think a different opinion has pre-
vailed— an opinion we share in, and which indicates that
it has not been proved that Protomyces has anything
to do with Peronospora. The two fungi simply grow
close together on and in the same leaf, like /Ecidium
and Puccinia. Highly imaginative persons say the
two fungi look as if they grew from the same myce-
lium, therefore they might possibly grow from the
lame mycelium — therefore they do grow from the
same mycelium.

When the oospores of Protomyces burst on the
ground[in spring they set free a large number of little
moving oscillating spores, about the same, or a trifle
less in size than the zoospores of Peronospora nivea.

the resemblance in the oospores is, to say the least,
striking. Fresh observations are wanted from Nature,
especially from persons not too apt to jump to con-
clusions.

The original drawings from which our illus-
trations have been photographically reduced with the
original microspical preparations of the Peronospora
and Protomyces may be seen in the Department of
Botany, British Museum, South Kensington. As the
resting-spores of the fungus which causes disease in
Parsnips hibernate in the decaying leaves, stems, and
roots of the plants affected, it is obvious that the only
way to stamp out the disease is either to burn or
deeply bury all affected material. An alternation
should also be made in the crops ; Umbelliferous
plants should not be grown for two years in succes-
sion on the same plot of ground if disease has been
noticed. Worthinston G. Smith,

"M.P," — A curious illustration of the inconveni-
ence attaching to abbreviations when transferred to
a foreign language, is afforded in a recent number
oi X\iQ Revue HorticoU, wherein the reader is requested
to pronounce the name given to a new kind of Potato
as if were written Efne Pi.

globular head, without any of the looseness peculiar
to this class. Exactly opposite in conformation is
Belle Pauline, very large, broad loose petals, white,
tinted rose at the edges, and measuring 7 inches
across. Formosum, very broad, lilac-rose reflexed
petals, reminding one of the good old peach Chris-
tine, but of deeper tint. Having a colour- resemblance
to this, but lighter, is Brise du Matin. The petals
are perpendicular half way, and then curiously fall
outwards — very broad. Mignon may be included
along with the two last. I now come to four all with
narrow petals, and that might be included in the
thread-like tesselated Japanese. Salter!, intense dark
crimson, with a shade of gold towards the extremity
of the petals, finely globular — very large. Almost
identical in colour, with broader petals, the outer ones
forming a fringe, is Mrs. Townshend. Similar, but
with a lighter shade of amaranth, is La Belle Alliance.
Different from either of the last three in colour is
Julius Scarff — a great acquisition ; petals deep purple-
pink, reverse pure white. This white is wholly un-
seen, a<! the edges of the petals join at the back. The
size and habit seem all that could be desired. There

7i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[December 6, 1S84.

can be little doubt that these will find their way into
all exhibition colleclions. Of fine habit, but a shade
smaller, is the bronzy-gold Comet. Somewhat similar
in colour, lighter centre, rtflexed broad petals, is
Distinction. Before coming to the singles I must not
forget Cullingfordi— crimson, also reflexed.

The following, to my mind— and I have grown
them for two years— is the best half-dozen of singles
yet introduced :— Magenta King, long deep magenta-
ted petals, with conspicuous centre ; Canary, far the
best of the yellows, and far finer than Mr. Toole ;
Coachman, though it may seem ungallant to say so,
I prefer to the earlier white introduction, Miss Can-
nell J Mrs. Kellock with me has been eaily, large,
and produced very numerously — colour light rose,
quilled florets ; Ellen Terry, even better than the
hst ; finally, and the best of all— a Japanese single,
of the most attractive white, suffused blush— named
America, very large— a great beauty. (/'. J. Mnrphy,
Clonmcl,

dition, having a large number of sheaths well up
amongst the foliage. The Odontoglossums are in
good heart also, the popular and leading sorts being
well represented, amongst them several varieties of
exceptional merit. The O. vexillariums, of which
there about three dozen, are now in a satisfactory and
promising condition. There are scores of other
equally interesting specimens ; these, however, will
be sufficient to give an idea of the excellent collection
that Mr. T. Wise has under his charge. W, S-.uan,
Fallo-i'fitlil, Nov. 25.

NEW HALL, HEY, RAWTEN-

STALL.

It is always a pleasure to have a look through the
Orchid-houses at this noted establishment, for if there
should not happen to be a large display of bloom, as
is the case just at present, theie are abundant indica-
tions that in their proper season many showy kinds
will be gay with their rich and pleasing flowers. It
is a very gratifying feature, also, when the proprietor
is so well versed in the knowledge that pertains to
Orchid culture as Mr. G. W. Law-Schofield is ;
doubtless this avises in the first place from the fact
that some care and discernment are necessary in the
earlier purchases, as well, too, as in those that are
continually being added to the collection. Couple
this knowledge with an enthusiastic fondness and
admiration of the plants and their curious and fan-
tastic flowers, and you have just such an one who will
not be satisfied in his endeavours until he reaps a large
and continuing measure of success. Such success
Mr. Schofield is now reaping. His plants look well.
The six houses devoted to their culture are filled with
a rich assortment of the choicer and better forms,
and when the days begin to brighten, the Dendro.
biums first, followed by the Cattleyas, Odonto-
glossums, &c., will make a display it will do one
good to see. The Dendrobium Wardianums are
promising well, about forty plants having about 200
new bulbs well ripened, with buds showing a good
part of their length, and some bulbs are 3 to
4 feet long ; D. crassinode, well represented, having
bulbs 2 to 3 feet long; D. devonianum, with
scores of new bulbs, some reaching 4i to 5 feet, will
give an idea of the feast in store to be obtained by
these showy and now easily obtained species. I
noticed the thoroughly good old species D, nobile is
still fostered and cared for— a grand plant, just tied
out, measuring 4! feet through, having about 120 new
bulbs, some 4 feet long ; other choice varieties of
nobile are also to be met with, including a nice plump
piece of nobilius. Of Cattleyas a very nice collection
is here. A plant of imperialis, which is a fine fotm
of the gigas and Sanderiana section, was in flower.
These must be seen to obtain a correct idea of their
individual beauty. This section varies considerably,
and description fails to give a correct idea of their
beauties. C. aurea was also in flower, and in some
respects excelling the splendid variety figured in the
0)v/(2a' /}//'«« (plate 84). These latter species and
varieties should, if they are grown with other Catt-
leyas, be suspended from the roof, or grown 00 the
most sunny side of the Cattleya-house ; but if a
number of plants have been secured, they should be
placed in a separate division, and treated in
a manner where just a little more skill and
care need to be exercised. First, do not over-pot
them better, just and only just have room to
put the plants in the pots, crock well up and
work only a little coarse fibrous peat about the
plants, water sparingly, giving plenty of air and
light and a fair amount of heal, but not the
moist damp heat so coommonly recommended for
many other things : when once rooted they
will grow nicely away and though perhaps not
flowering the first season, they will by-and-bye pro-
duce their showy blossoms, and then all the attention
is amply repaid. Numerous other Cattleyas are here,
Gaskelliana that brought thirty-five blooms during'the
past summer ; Mendeli, Trianae, Mossiae, and
several nice pieces of exoniensis, all in excellwil con-

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS.

These competitive exhibitions having now, in the
Southern districts of the country, come almost to an
end, we can only mention briefly the minor show at
Devizes, held under the auspices of the Benevolent
Institution of that town. The show was intended to
raise money for the relief of the destitute poor of the
town during the winter months. This most com-
mendable purpose was aided by the ladies and gentle-
men of the district, and was the means of bringing a
very excellent show of Chrysanthemums together.
The spacious Corn Exchange was made available lor
the purpose. A Challenge Cup, which is annually
competed for, is awarded to those who have gained
the greatest number of prizes ; another Silver Cup is
given by the Mayor for the best six large-flowered
varieties. Cut blooms and plants alike were credit-
able productions, and some good fruit from neigh-
bouring gardens made its appearance on the show
tables, and the attendance was a very good one.

The Shropshire Gardeners' and Amateurs'
Rose, Fruit, and Chrysanthemum Society
held its annual exhibition on November 13, during
beautiful weather, and the number and quality of the
exhibits, both as regards plants, cut blooms, and
fruit, all that could be desired, the competition being
very keen throughout. Our correspondent informs us
that the show was very tastefully arranged, and the
attendance of visitors good. Several miscellaneous
exhibits made their appearance, and, although not
meant for competition, added to the pleasing aspect
of the show. E. Wright, Esq. (gr., Mr. West),
secured the principal prizes for cut blooms with good
examples of well-known varieties ; and the Rev. J.
D. Corbett {gr., Mr. Milner) the chief prizes for
plants with well-grown, finefoliaged, and abundantly
flowered specimens. Prizes for fruit were pretty freely
distributed, and many contributions were present on
the show-tables, the examples observed being very
fine of their kind.

fHE pt^OPAQATOR.

Nepenthes, or PniiiER- plants. — Cauleners
should at this time begin to make a general batch of
Nepenthes cuttings, because in the first place the
cuttings can be obtained in a more dormant state than
at any other season of the year, and in the second the
old plants which have been cut back for propagating
purposes will have ample time during the winter
months for the formation of shoot-buds, which will
break into growth with the coming spring and de-
velope into bushy plants laden with pitchers. It is a
good time to cut back any old specimen plants that
have grown unsightly, or too larj^e, and those that
have degenerated into a non-pitchering state. We may
say the Nepenthes will occasionally fall into the latter
state, and there is no other remedy for it than to cut
the plants back, leaving only one or two leaves on
each shoot as assistance to the plant in the formation
of fresh growth.

NepentJies from Ciilfim^s. — The plant must be cut
down and divided as follows for cuttings :— The tops
of the plant being taken off first, which should have
three or four leaves upon it, the remaining portion
can be made into cuttings having two leaves upon
each piece, II is not necessary to cut them at a leaf-
joint. Before potting each cutting should be taken in
hand and the bottom of it should be cut straight off,
in order that its surlace may be smooth and moist,
which is necessary to the healthy formation of roots,
and if a sharp knife, penetrating to the depth of J inch,
is drawn across this smooth surface so as to form a x ,
it will be found to cause a more regular production of
roots. Small 6o-sized pots are used for the cuttings.

and also soil composed of half finely-chopped sphag-
num moss, a quarter fibrous peat, and a quarter sand ;
to ihis mixture should be added a small quantity both
of charcoal broken into pieces of Hazel-nut size, or
of finely-broken oyster or cockle-shells. In potting a
little sand should be placed at the base of each
cutting, which should be so firmly pressed into the
pot that if the plant were held up by its stem it would
not come out of the pot. Each cutting should be
steadied by a small stick, to which it should be
securely tied, and each leaf should be separately
looped up as erect as possible — without, however,
doing any damage to the cutting. The cuttings
should now be well watered, and must be placed
upon a good bottom-heat in a case or frame. The
following treatment must be strictly observed while
the cuttings are in the frame or case : —

For ventilation the glasses or lights should be
removed for one hour every morning, and during this
time the cuttings that have become dry should be
watered with a fine-spout pot, but the whole of thera
should be watered overhead with a fine-rose pot to
wash off any condensed moisture that may have
accumulated upon thera during the night. If the sun
shines brightly on the frame shading will be necessary
for the lime. As soon as the cuttings have we'I
rooted they should be allowed a little more air, and
the quantity should be daily increased until they are
strong enough to stand out upon the open bottom-
heat. While they are in small pots care must be
taken to keep them well watered, both in the soil and
overhead. After the cuttings have been three weeks
upon the open bottom-heat they should be potted
into large 48's ; each plant should be potted firmly,
having the soil raised in the centre and sloping off
towards the edge of the pot, and also each must be
supported by a stick. For the six or eight weeks
following the plants must be replaced upon the
bottom-heat, and kept well watered ; and when they
are thoroughly established they can be placed in
baskets and suspended from the roof in the ordinary
way. They must be kept well watered and lightly
syringed. It is a good plan to unhook the baskets
and soak them well in the water-tank occasionally.

The Nepenthes are seen to the best advantage
when tastefully arranged in baskets suspended from
the roof. The baskets should be made of hard and
durable wood, such as Teak or Oak, and should be
filled with soil composed of half very fibrous peaf,
one-third turfy loam, and a quarter sand, mixed
together, small quantities of charcoal broken into
pieces of Walnut size, ballast, or finely broken pot-
sherds, and chopped sphagnum moss.

They should be grown in a temperature vaiying
from 60° to 70° Fahr., and allowed a good and
constant supply of water. This must be carefully
attended to, because if the plants are allowed to
become dry two or three times it will cause a loss
of foliage and pitchers, which will destroy the orna-
mental and graceful appearance of the plant. It is
also necessary to syringe them gently overhead
several times during the dullest part of the day.
T. O.

j)hint» and tl^fiii (|;iltuiif.

Greenhouse FLOWERiNt; Plants. — In most
establishments where there is a general collection of
Cape and New Holland pUnts there will be a certain
amount of training and relying that will want atten-
tion in the case of specimen and hall-speciraen plants,
and young stock will likewise require some regulat-
ing, which if done in the earlier stages of their exibt-
ence will save some trouble in the future'; besides
which, if some types of plants that are naturally of a
stiff and brittle growth are allowed to go too long
without receiving the necessary attention, there will
in all probability be some breakage, which will
cause no small amount of annoyance when it happens
among choice specimens. At this season of the year
any leisure time may be devoted to work of this
kind. The sticks should be carefully pointed, so that
they may easily be inserted into the soil. In sharpen-
ing the sticks do not leave any sharp edges, but rather
go to work as if the point was that of a lead pencil,
only rather more tapering. Do not allow any of the
sticks to be placed dangerously near to the centre of
the ball. When I used to do work of this kind I
preferred to have the majority near the edge of the

December 6, 1S84.]

THE G/jRDIlNhRS' CHRONICLE.

719

pot, but not quite close, or the fine fibrous roots that
are usually found there will be injured. With speci-
men plants of some few kinds there will be need of
a greater number of sticks to keep ihem s-hapely
unless the training be done somev;hat after the
manner of a climbing plant — a style I do not advo-
cate. Dracophyllum gracile is an example of this
kind of plant, and when the sticks are taken from
such the soil should be pressed lirmly down, removing
at the same time any that may be decomposed
and sour, replacing the same with a little fresh
peat and silver sand in about equal proportions. Fur
tying these plants the best material to use is thread ;
if raffia be used it will decay very soon if used suffi-
ciently small so as not to be unsightly. The sticks
for such plants of slender growth ought also to be as
small as is consisteut with safety, except where they
enter the soil.

With several plants, such as Erica Cavendishii, E.
depressa, and other compact and dense-growing
species, but little tying is required, as their sturdy
growth, with attention given to the stopping of any
gross shoots, will be found almostsutticient to keepthem
shapely. Indian Azaleas that are solely employed
for conservatory decoration hardly ever require a
stick to keep them in the necessary form. Ours have
not any slick or ties about them, and are grown
somewhat to a face in order to arrange them effect-
ively when in bloora. When in flower I use the
straggling shoots for cut blooms, thus getting a good
length of shoot wiih the flowers. For home decora-
tion I think it a waste of time to tie and train any
kind of plant that can with good culture be made to
do without it.

The usual routine of watering among the specimen
plants in the greenhouse must be proceeded with in a
most careful manner during this season of the year.
The health of the plant, the size of the pot in propor-
tion to its top growth, and whether repotted during
the last summer, will have to be taken into considera-
tion. The knack of knowing just about the right
time to apply water to the delicate rooted Cape and
New Holland plants can only be acquired by practice,
and when this is mastered one of the difficulties in the
successful culture of these plants will be overcome.
Indiscriminate wateiing, or watering them in case
they may need it on the morrow will not do with
these subjects. The due regard to this important fact
is often overlooked, the plants become unhealthy,
and so have become unpopular with gardeners, being
considered to be of more difficult growth than they
really are. To this, as much as any other cause may
be attributed the rare appearance of several plants
which some few years back were found in many
collections. It ought to be added that rain-water is
preferable to any other, avoiding what is commonly
known as hard or well water, so far as is possible.

To the present time but liitle fire-heat will have been
neededinsouthernpartsof the country, a few nights only
excepted, to maintain the night temperature at 38'^ to
45'*. Ventilate freely during the day whenever
favourable, the fine weather of late having been parti-
cularly suited to this end. Should the change of weather
just set in continue, a trifle of warmth applied for a
while in the daytime will be beneficial to dispel damp
and keep under mildew. This parasite may be kept
greatly in check by applying a little sulphur to the
hot-water pipes, no danger from the same need be
apprehended whilst the pipes have not to be made
unduly hot, which latter should never occur in the
greenhouse at all. By cleanliness and other means
strive to make the plant-houses as attractive as
possible.

SOFTWOODED PLANTS, whether they are grown in
houses or in pits, will need every attention as regards
ventilation, in order to keep the growth which is
made as sturdy and compact as possible ; if in pits
the danger from injury by an excess of dampness will
be greater than in houses. Show and fancy Pelar-
goniums are safer on a shelf near the glass in a house
rather than in a pit. Primula sinensis, especially if
in a forward condition of blooming, will be better in a
house, or if in a pit, where a trifle of heat in the pipes
will aid in keeping a more genial temperature, and
where any excess of damp will be dispelled. Remove
all flowers as they fade, and before decay sets in on
the petiole of the bloom, or the same will soon be
communicated to the entire truss. Cinerarias in all
stages will be better in an airy house than allowed
to remain in a pit ; herbaceous Calceolarias, however,
will thrive well in cold pits which are frost-proof.
Stocks in pots will be safe enough in similar places, if
the precaution is taken of keeping them rather dry
till growth commences in the spring. Lachenalias
will now be growing briskly, see, therefore, that the
foliage is kept as dwarf and compact as possible, a
light position on a shelf suiting them admirably,
panics Hudson, Gunmrsbitry house Gardens, Ac/on.

]^F{U1T3 'IflNDf:^ 'C^LAgg.

Peaches and Nectarines. — The early house
having now been closed, the direction laid down for it
on p. 591 should be followed ; no subjects are more
susceptible to injury from undue hastening by too
much warmth during the early stages of its progress
than the Peach, therefore, if success is to be attained
patience must be exercised, and no increase in the
temperature to that recommended be attempted until
the blossom-buds commence to swell freely, when the
night warmth may range between 45° and 50", the
maximum being maintained only when it can be
commanded by a minimum amount of artificial aid ;
the day temperatures may also be raised to fiom 55*
to 6o\ and increase by sun-heat even to 65° or 70- A,
continual circulation of air, which should be admitted
by the front ventilators so that it passes over the pipes
and becomes chilled before dispersing through the
house, will be instrumental in strengthening the buds,
and making their progress safer. The syringing of
the trees must still be pursued with discretion, avoid-
ing its practice late in the afternoon ; but a humid
atmosphere must be kept up continually. Dryness
at the roots being one of the causes of buds dropping,
the condition of the border must on no account be over-
looked, and sufficient tepid water to thoroughly soak
it down to the drainage should be given as frequently
as is necessary, providing the rubble and tile drains
are perfect ; an error is more likely to be committed
by not giving enough than not enough. If a succes-
sional-house has not already been prepared for closing
it should be taken in hand without delay, and be
closed in due time. In pruning and training a mistake
is sometimes made by those inexperienced in laying the
wood in too closely, and which would not take place
if the development of the foliage was rightly taken
into consideration. Weak growths should be removed
while those that are tied in should be left entire ;
where, however, from want of space or some other
cause a shoot has to be shortened let it be to a triple
bud so that a wood-bud is ensured at the point : the
fruit-buds are easily distinguishable from the wood-
buds, by their plump, more globular form. Trees
are uncommonly well furnished this season with
matured wood, |whichliterallybristles with fruit-buds —
a happy circumstance, resulting from the great amount
of summer sunshine experienced this year. Houses at
rest should be kept wide open and as cool as possible ;
where accommodation has to be found in them for
bedding or other plants, particular care must be taken
now irosts are prevailing that they are not kept so close
and warm as to cause the buds premature excitement,
for if this takes place and a subsequent check occurs,
they will drop to a disastrous extent : perhaps the
prospect of a good crop is oftener sacrificed from care-
lessness in this matter than from any other cause,
while it is often attributed to defects in the border.

ViMES. — Muscats or other thin-skinned varieties
which it is intended to make early use of, and which
it is not desirable to try to keep so late as Lady
Downe's and some other thick-skinned kinds, that can
be kept longer in good preservation, may row be cut
together with a piece of their young wood attached,
and arranged in the Grape-room, in bottles of
water. The object of having them gathered now,
is because it admits of the Vines being pruned, and
aifords a longer period of complete rest than could
otherwise be the case. The sooner any Vines are
pruned after their foliage falls the better it is for
their health, as it removes the possibility of the
sap when it returns— which it quickly commences to
do— from being wasted in swelling buds upon laterals
that have to be cut away ; for this reason, of early
return of sap, the deferring of pruning until it is late
has an impairing effect upon the constitution of Vines,
besides inducing liability to bleeding ; this, however,
unless pruning is put off until very late, can be pre-
vented by a timely application of Styptic. This calls
to mind a case of bleeding which happened to a
house of Vines here some years since, and which was
stopped by the following means : — The Vines in
question were old ones of Lady Downe's and Mrs.
Pince ; they were pruned early in January, and tied
in their permanent positions. All went well until
they were started, when several of the top spurs on
each Vine commenced to bleed severely, while those
on the lower portions of the rods were perfectly diy ;
it occurred to us that if we applied styptic to the

latter and allowed it to set, and then bring the points
of the Vines into a drooping position, in the mean-
time commanding a low temperature by closing the
valves and throwing the house open at night, the
force of the sap would he lessened upon the bleeding
spurs, while it could not alTect the others, and the
bleeding would cease. And so it did, and we lost no
lime alter the spurs had dried in stopping their open
pores with styptic, and replacing the \''ines as soon as
it had hardened, when we found the means taken
were elfectual. Since the last Calender was written
the mild weather has changed to sharp frosts at night
and occasional showers of snow and sleet ; duiing
the continuance of such weather the temperature
recommended for the early house must be kept at the
minimum point. The buds being now on the move
examination should be made of the border, and if
found to be dry it should be moistened through with
water at a temperature of between 85'' and 90°, and
old Vines breaking weakly may be with advantage
assisted with liquid manure. Young Vines which are
to fruit for the first time next season should now be
fit for pruning, and may be shortened back, so that
6 feet to S feet of young wood is left on each ; the
condition of the rods must regulate the shortening,
providing they are moderately strong, and have pro-
minent buds, the greater length should be left, but"
should they be weak, or if strung appear by the flat-
ness of their buds indisposed to break regularly, closer
pruning should be adopted. 7'homas Coombc)'^ 7 lie
IlcndfC Gardens, Alonmouth,

|hit |ai;(tK |iiuit |anli!n.

Presuminl; that the work of root pruning and
transplanting is finished, and the young trees cor-
rectly labelled and carefully staked, pruning must
receive our attention, beginning first with Apples in
orchards. Where trees are of mature age but little
pruning is required, but where the branches are
crowded together cut some of them out, and especi-
ally in the centre of the crown, using a small sharp saw
to cut out weak or ill-placed branches, but on no
account shorten back the branches, as this would
have the effect of still more crowding the centre later
on ; keep the shoots thin, and the fruit will come
finer. What is of more importance is to give a dress-
ing of manure liberally to any tree which has borne a
heavy crop of fruit, or which is well set with bloom-
buds. In the case of young trees it is otherwise ; the
tree must be shaped to what it will ultimately
become, whether standard, pyramid, or bush form.
Too much wood is often left in the earlier years, and
then severe pruning is obliged to be resorted to, and
for that reason {except in the case of gross shoots) we
do not recommend the shortening of shoots, for if the
wood is well ripened there is no necessily for the tree
is sure to get thick enough without this. In the case
of orchards which have been planted many years, and
where the climate is damp and the atmosphere pure,
vast quantities of lichen will grow on the old wood,
giving an unsightly appearance ; this can be scraped
off in moist weather with any blunt instrument and
the stems washed with a mixture of lime and soot :
the latter tones down the whitewashed appearance
which lime alone presents. Oftentimes great mischief
is done in orchards by hares and rabbits, more
especially when much snow is on the ground. We
have used here successfully the "Tree Protective
Composition " manufactured by Nathan Ahlbottn,
Leith ; it is sold in small casks at iSj. each, or in
larger quantities.

Pears require exactly the same treatment as Apples
except in the case of pyramids, which is a very desir-
able form for the Pear. When grown in this way the
tree must be kept in shape by the free use of the knife,
and care is required in the formation of young trees
not to shorten the leader much, thus causing too many
horizontal branches. The Cherry dislikes the knife
and its roots being meddled with, and does better
when planted on grass-land than any other orchard
tree. If orchards must be dug great care is required
to prevent injury of the surface-roots ; to simply
fork the soil lightly over is enough for that purpose.

Endeavour to keep a regular temperature of about
40° in the fruit-room, and do not leave the door or
windows open ; and now that the outside tempera-
ture has fallen low, close all the ventilators, and see
that the shutters are kept on the windows, and use
those kinds first which are most likely to spoil ; and
look carefully over the fruit weekly, removing all
decaying ones. That which comes into use in January
and the two following months is usually placed on the
ground floor, and brought forward after the New Year.
Should severe weather set in and frost enter the room,
leave the fruit undisturbed until it gradually thaws.
Fruit is longest preserved by excluding all light and
keeping a low fixed temperature. J, Rust, Erid^e
Castle, Sussex.

720

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

c Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Monday, Dec. 8 \ Rooms.

t Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms,
f Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of

I Fruit and Floral Committees, at II A.M. :
Scientific Committee, at I p M.
Dec 9 .; Sale of the Fallowfteld Collection of Orchitis,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
I Sale of Roots and Lilies, at Stevens'
L Rooms

t Sale ol Lilies, Roses, and Plants, at Pro-
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'

Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'

Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.

Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &

r, ... I lYiorrii Rooms.

^^^ *3 -S Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'

Tuesday,

Wednesday, Dec

Thursday, Dec ii

Dec.

Saturday,

WHEN, a year or two ago, some of our
excellent friends from the " Cercle
d' Arboriculture " and the National School of
Horticulture of Belgium, paid us a visit, they
were very favourably impressed with everything
they saw, except our market gardens. In the
matter of Market Gardening they thought we
were behindhand. We do not know in what
precise details we were considered defective,
but we are quite disposed to accept the general
impression as correct, so far as it goes. The
opportunities for forming a judgment were not
very large, but on the other hand the judges
were exceptionally competent men, and more
disposed to praise than to blame. Our climate
is certainly not worse than that of Flanders, our
soil is as good or better, the kinds we cultivate
present no inferiority to those we are accustomed
to see in the Belgian markets. The deficiency must
therefore lie in the method of cultivation, and
assuming the correctness of cur friends' verdict
we are inclined to attribute their superiority
to more favourable conditions as to the rent of
land, incidence of taxation, and price of labour.
The cost of production is probably considerably
greater here. Again, the system a{ petite culture
which obtains so generally in Belgium admits
of a more thorough cultivation and a closer
supervision than do our methods. Be this as
it may, the Belgians are looking to market gar-
dening and to fruit culture to palliate the
depressed condition of their agriculture, for
unfortunately we have no monopoly of distressed
agriculturists. More than this, our friends have
cast their eyes across the border, and taken note
of the tons of vegetables and fruit which find
their way into Covent Garden from France,
from Germany, from Holland, and from far-off
America. Why should not the Belgians have a
share in supplying the large demands of their
neighbours ? At any rate they mean to try,
and our market gardeners may have shortly
to compete with yet another host of produce-
raisers. The Belgian Minister of Agricul-
ture has, we learn, instructed an official in
his department to proceed to London to
examine the resources which the London mar-
kets offer for the importation of Belgian vege-
tables. The official in question will have to
take account of railway and steamboat charges,
of times and seasons and gluts in the market.
It is of no use sending us inferior produce, it is
of no avail to send even the best when the
market is overstocked. Frequently it happens
that, from over-supply or lack of demand, the
EngUsh market gardener makes no profit at all
on what he sends to market. The Belgian
growers will no doubt appoint an agent to
watch these matters, and the telegraph will be
called into play to give timely notice, so far as
it can be done, of what it will pay to send, and
when.

It is instructive to see how our colleagues
across the Channel set to work. Imprimis,
there is a Minister of Agriculture ; in the United
States there is an Agricultural Department,
which in either case watches over the interests
of the cultivator, and put him in possession,
not only of fiscal and financial information, but

of methods of cultivation, of new products,
insect and fungus enemies, and the means of
evading or counteracting them. Here we have
our Board of Trade, which collects elaborate
statistics, but these, and the legitimate deduc-
tions from them, never find their way to the
rank and file of the producers ; they are not
brought home to the working farmer or gar-
dener, as they are in other countries. Even if
they were presented to the cultivator, only a
small proportion would be qualified by educa-
tion and training to understand them and turn
them to practical account. To provide for this
our neighbours have Schools of Horticulture
and Agriculture, the like of which do not exist
in this country (for our two or three Agricultural
Colleges are intended for a higher class of
students than we are speaking of, and even of
them there are but two or three against loo in
little Denmark, and 158 in Germany !) Not
only have our neighbours training schools, but
they have an admirable system by which men
trained in these institutions and proved to be
competent to teach the theory and prac-
tice of cultivation visit at regular intervals
the different parts of the country, and give
demonstrations and practical instruction as well
as theoretical explanations. Information of the
most valuable kind is thus brought to the very
door, not only of the farmer and market gar-
dener, but to his very labourers.

Another means by which useful cultural in-
formation is diffused is through the agency of
books published at a cheap rate, written by men
of unquestioned competence, but in a style
capable of being understood by the workman.
Such a book is before us now, with the title
Traiti Elementaire de Culture MaraicKre
("Elementary Treatise on Market Gardening").
This is drawn up by M. Burvenich, one of
the Professors of the State School of Horticul-
ture, and who for fourteen years was charged
with the duty of visiting the country districts in
Eastern Flanders and the Duchy of Limbourg
with a view of instructing the cultivators by
means of lectures and practical demonstrations.
This treatise has been honoured by the award
of a gold medal, and is indeed a remarkably
concise, simple, and trustworthy guide. Teach-
ing, whether oral or by means of books, is
singularly facilitated by the local schools and
village museums, which we are told contain
samples of soils, manures, seeds, models, plans,
and the like, arranged for practical purposes.
Those who penetrated into the Educational
Department of the late Health Exhibition must
have seen for themselves how admirable were
the arrangements in the village schools of
France and Belgium for this purpose, while the
huge model of the School of Horticulture at
Vilvorde, to which we alluded at the time, will
have shown how extensive and complete are
the arrangements at headquarters.

There cannot be the slightest doubt that all
this will tell, and our vaunted superiority will, if
we do not take care, be a thing of the past.
Instead of crying out against foreign competi-
tion, which is not only inevitable, but a great
boon to the general body of consumers, let us in
our turn study the methods by which our neigh-
bours are able to supplant us in our own
markets. There is room for all, but there is no
reason why our own growers should not avail
themselves of the advantages they possess of
being on the spot, advantages of which no
foreign rival can deprive them.

The Royal Society. — At the anniversary

meeting of the Royal Society on Monday last one of
the Royal medals was presented to Professor Oliver
in recognition of his services to systematic botany and
morphology, services continuously and unostenta-
tiously rendered for many years, and by which the
publication of the Genera Plantarutn was so greatly
facilitated, that without them it would not have been

possible to have brought it to a conclusion. An
award of like character was made to Mr. George
Darwin, one of the sons of the late Charles Dar-
win, for his remarkable researches in mathematical
astronomy.

The Royal Botanical and Horticul-
tural Society of Manchester. — The following
are the dates upon which the exhibitions will be held
next year :— March I7 and 18, April 28 ; National
Horticultural Show opens May 22 ; Rose Show,
July II ; Chrysanthemum Show, November 17 and 18.

Exhibitions for the Year 1S85. — We

should be glad, as early as possible, to receive from
secretaries and managers of provincial horticultural
societies and associations the dates and designations
of the shows purposed to be held by them during
the next year, when we would give them publicity in
several ways.

Forestry. — Dr. J. Crombie Brown's

labours are unceasing. Scarcely have we had occa-
sion to notice the publication of one work relating
to Forestry than we are confronted with the duty of
calling attention to two others, namely. Forestry in
the Mining Districts of the Ural Mountains, and
Forests and Forestry in Northern Russia (Oliver
& Boyd). Like Dr. Brown's former works these
are partly based upon personal observations, partly
upon information derived from the most trustworthy
sources. The works in question are agreeably written,
but bear marks of hasty preparation ; doubtless conse-
quent on the necessity of publishing them in connec-
tion with the recent Forestry Exhibition in Edin-
burgh ; nevertheless, those who are desirous of obtain-
ing information upon the subjects treated of will be
grateful to Dr. Brown for having put before them in
so pleasant a form such a mass of otherwise not
readily accessible matter. In view of the attempts
now being made to establish one or more forest
schools in this country Dt. Brown's books have
special significance, and will, we doubt not, be in-
fluential in promoting an object he has much at
heart.

Covent Garden Salesmen. — The notice

in our last issue has brought us further complainta.
One writer says that he has no words to express hit
indignation at the way in which the vendor is treated
by the salesman, and at the way in which our adver-
tising columns are made use of to the prejudice of the
vendor. It is only fair to say that the consignor is
usually ignorant of the conditions under which alone
produce can be sold in the market. If there be no
demand for a particular class of goods on a particular
day, or if the goods arrive too late, or be of inferior
quality, or badly packed, the dealer often cannot
dispose of them at any price. The fact that the busi-
ness is a speculation should be realised by the con-
signor. At any rate, it is desirable to call attention
to the matter, with the view, if possible, of finding
some remedy for a state of things which is becoming
intolerable. We can exercise but little control over
statements made in our advertising columns, but if an
indisputable case of dishonesty could be brought
before us our publisher would, of course, refuse to
insert the advertisement of the inculpated person ;
but no action can be taken upon ex parte statements
incapable of verification in detail.

The Japanese Hop. — A specimen of this

was exhibited by M. Max Cornu before the National
and Central Horticultural Society of France recently.
It was raised from seeds sent by M. Bretschneider,
According to the report it is an annual species of rapid
growth, so rapid, in fact, that it forms in one year
tufts of upwards of 23 feet in height (7 metres).
Moreover, the lower leaves do not fall off as in the
common Hop. For covering purposes this Hop
should be valuable. Nothing is said about the bitter
aromatic properties of this species, which|probably are
the same as those of the common Hop.

■ Lectures on Agricultural Science. —

Under this title has been published a series of lectures
on various subjects delivered before the Institute of
Agriculture at South Kensington. The subjects com-
prise among others " The Adulteration of Seeds," by
Mr. Carruthers ; " Bees and Fruit Production,"
by Mr. Cheshire ; " Natural and Artificial Grasses,"
by Mr. Buckman ; "The Nature of Farm Crops,"
by Professor Fream ; " Nitrogenous Matters in the
Soil," by Mr. Warington ; " Germination," by Mr.

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

721

Bettanyj "The Mildew of Corn," by Mr. WOR-
THINGTON Smith ; and other matters.

— — Cyclamens : Then and Now. — An old
cultivator of Cyclamens said, a few days since, that
forty years ago a collection of six or eight plants of
Cyclamen persicum was thought to be a very good
one, and if they yielded a few flowers in March and
April the cultivator was considered to be fortunate
and clever. When they had gone out of flower the
bulbs were placed on the highest shelf in the green-
house, near the glass, and there literally roasted, in
the full belief that this was the best means of ensuring
flowers the following season. In reply to a question

wonderful heads of bloom. The strain was that
known as giganteum. Let no one say in the future
that the varieties of the large-flowered section are less
free of bloom than the small-flowered ; here the
former, bearing flowers, too, of superb quality, were
as free of bloom as could well be desired. Some of
the plants began to flower in August, but it must be
borne in mind that the past summer was of such a
character as to hurry on things in the way of Cycla-
mens at an unusually rapid rate. Talk of foliage plants I
Here could be seen leaves of great size, finely rounded,
and so handsomely marked with grey on green
grounds as to eclipse in beauty not a few foliaged
plants. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, while breeding for

named Schmidtii, sent out by Messrs. Haage &
Schmidt, of Erfurt. It was bedded out last year,
and found to answer admirably ; it was very dwarf
and wonderfully free, and in the open ground the
flowers were white. Under glass at this season of the
year the flowers have a pink hue, and quite small
plants are laden with flowers. Indeed it may be
termed a perpetual bloomer, and it is as valuable for
winter flowering as for summer bedding. It does not
seed, and therefore has to be propagated by cuttings.
The foliage is somewhat intermediate between the
two, the margins of the leaves are hairy: in this respect
it partakes of the character of the German parent. It
is a most interesting'and useful hybrid, and illustrates

Fig. 127. — ONE OF twelve in a "truss" of a new rhododendron from new guinea: flowers white, (see p. 713.)

he said that in those days they had no knowledge of
Cyclamens seeding, and that what propagation was
attempted — and it was always hazardous — consisted
of dividing the roots. The Cyclamen was further
looked upon as a plant very shy of flowering,
and the drying process was believed to increase the
head of bloom. How different it all is in these days.
When looking through Messrs. Sutton & Sons' Port-
land Road Nursery, near Reading, a few days since, we
saw sowing of the present season's crop of seed in full
operation — rather deep boat-bottomed seed- pans being
used for the purpose, and all the crosses kept separate.
In another house was a set of plants in 32-pots,
raised from seed sown at the corresponding period
last year, not a few of them nearly 2 feet across,
having large and flnely marked leaves, and carrying

increased size and beauty !n the flower, have by no
means been unmindful of beauty in foliage, and in
their efforts to increase this they have succeeded in a
remarkable degree. A white variety is appropriately
named Butterfly. The blossoms, afler becoming
fully expanded, flatten down so that the petals are
spread out in a horizontal manner, and appear like a
cluster of white butterflies that have alighted on a
level surface of leaves.

A New Bedding Begonia.— Such is the

best designation that can be given to a singularly
dwarf and free-flowering Begonia now to be seen in
flower at Messrs. Sutton & Sons' London Road
Nursery at Reading. It was obtained from a cross
between three — B. semperflorens, Snowflake, and one

once more the interminable development apparently
possible with hybrid Begonias.

Testudinaria sylvatica. — Two species

only of these remarkably curious members of the Yarn
family are known to science. Both are natives of
South Africa, and what was supposed to be another
species from Mexico, and grown at Kew many years
ago, is probably nothing more than the old T. ele-
phantipes that had been introduced to cultivation in
Mexico. A male plant of T. sylvatica is flowering
freely in the dry atmosphere of the Succulent-house at
Kew. The small greenish-yellow flowers are borne
in dense axillary racemes, and if not particularly
striking, are agreeably fragrant. They differ in no
way structurally from those of Dioscorea except in the

'22

THE C.^RDRKERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

seeds, which are winged at the top only. The most
important distinction, however, lies in the rootstock,
which is wholly developed above - ground. This
remarkably woody-looking structure is protected with
a dense mass of corky tissue, the successive accumu-
lation of many years. It has the property of splitting
very deeply into square pieces, presenting a singular
appearance, and might be regarded as dead were it
not for the slender, twining stems springing from the
top.

RiPENiNti-OFF Gladiolus Bulbs.— The

summer just closed proved so favourable to the con-
tinuity of growth in many plants, and among them
the Gladiolus, that they have ripened off very slowly
indeed, and there did seem the probability that, if the
bulbs were left in the ground, there would be no
decay of foliage until a second growth had almost
commenced. One grower hit upon the expedient of
carefully lifting his Gladiolus, and as the nurserymen
say " laying them in by the heels," treading the soil
somewhat firmly about them. The result is, the corms
are ripening off nicely, and they will soon be fit for
storing away,

National Chrysanthemum Society. —

The annual dinner of this Society was held on Tues-
day, Nov. 2, at the *'01d Four Swans," Bishopsgate,
E. Sanderson, Esq., the President of the Society,
in the chair, and about seventy members being pre-
sent. Several very interesting facts were elicited in
the course of the various speeches, amongst them the
Secretary stated that no fewer than 3734 blooms were
entered for competition at the late show at the Royal
Aquarium, that the number of members during the
past twelve months had increased from 143 to 257 at
the present time, and that no less a sum than ^199 ix,
had been paid in prizes to the successful exhibitors on
this evening. Special reference was also made to the
important work of the Floral Committee during the
late Chrysanthemum season, and it was also stated
that the next and last meeting of this committee for
this year would be held at the "Old Four Swans,"
84, Bishopsgate Street, on Thursday evening, Decem-
ber II, at 7 o'clock precisely.

Bennett's Safety Ligature. — This useful

little contrivance for fastening fruit trees, standard
Rose?, and young trees generally to stakes of wood
or iron consists of short lengths of indiarubber tubing
as thick as an ordinary clay pipe stem, a small hole
longitudinally placed enables a piece of copper wire
to be drawn through it. When four or five of these
are strung together on a piece of wire a soft yielding
tie is formed that prevents abrasion of the baik, and
permits the stem to grow in diameter without con-
stricting the bark. It is simple in application, and
will be useful for amateurs.

Conservatory Decoration. — This is one

of many subjects that is a constant source of thought
to gardeners, and is rendered more difficult from the
unsuitability of certain conservatories to plants that
do well in others, the different tastes of employers,
and various other matters that all have to be sur-
mounted. Then there are the various seasons of the
year to be considered, as one may have to keep the
conservatory gay at very difficult times ; all these
points have to receive much consideration to ensure
success. Without doubt there are plenty of plants to
choose from nowadays, the point at issue is which are
the most suitable for the structure to be decorated,
the easiest to manage, and lastly, but by no means
the least, the most inexpensive. The period from
now till the early spring is a time that is looked upon
by many as one of the worst in which to keep up a
supplyof flowers, forafterChrysanthemuras go off there
are no very striking decorative plants till the Azaleas
come on; ol course A. amoena,theold5emi-doublewhite
indica alba, and a few more varieties can be forced
on till the bulk come in, and where one has a good
selection of Chrysanthemums, and a nice batch of
Azaleas, with a few large Palms, Tree Ferns, &c.,
the larger portions of the house can be easily man-
aged ; for to furnish these and decorate the side stages
(if there are any) we know of no class of plants
more suitable and showy than zonal Pelargoniums,
which will succeed and give an abundance of bloom
all through the winter months if properly managed.
What they most require is protection from damp.
Drip is very detrimentil, and must be guarded against
by a nice circulation of heat and plentiful ventilation
at all suitable times, watering during the middle of

the day, and carefully mopping up all water spilt on
the floor. By attention to these points, and by having
good plants to start with, they will flower profusely
all through the winter months. To associate with
these, the various decorative Begonias, double and
single Primulas, Bouvardias, &c., small Ferns,
Acacia lophantha, Cyperus alternifollus, Callas, and
a host of other things that help to give a feathery
look to the arrangement. Then forced Dutch bulbs
will soon come in, and Spiraea japonica and palraata,
Lily of the Valley, Deutzia gracilis, ^:c. A selection
like this will keep up an abundance of bloom till
spiing things come in, when more variety can be
easily had. Most of the class above mentioned will
do very well for cut blooms for epergnes, table-
glasses, &c., although, of course, more choice things
can be had from the stoves and other houses for
them,

Chrysanthemums at Beechwood Park,

Herts.— Through the kindness of W. B. Green-
field, Esq., the grounds here were thrown open to
the public on the 17th, 19th, and 21st ult., where in
the early vineries and Peach-houses, 300 feet in
length, were to be seen a fine collection of this beau-
tiful autumn flower. Several hundreds of people
from the immediate neighbourhooJ and the surround-
ing towns of Luton, Dunstable, and Ilemel Hemp-
stead, availed themselves of the rare opportunity of
viewing so fine a display, and were much gratified.
The standard plants were highly approved of, and
the arrangements generally very pretty ; in fact, we
have not seen anything of a like nature which could
surpass if. Most of the plants carried a good average
number of fair-sized flowers, the largest measuring
6 inches in diameter. The most conspicuous varie-
ties were Soleil Levant, Triomphe de la Rue du
Chatelet, Golden Queen, Flambeau, Comte de Ger-
miny. Bouquet Fait, Thunberg, Mons. Lemoine,
Mons. Clement Andiguier, the White and Golden
Empress of India, &c. Another interesting feature to
visitors was a miscellaneous collection of Orchids,
stove plants, and Ferns. These were very bright and
attractive. Residents in this locality have to thank
Mr. Greenfield and his respected gardener, Mr.
Freeman, for a great treat.

The Catalogue of the National Chry-
santhemum Society.— A correspondent who is a
grower of Chrysanthemums has drawn our attention
to errors to be found in this list. With the excep-
tion of a little mis-spelling of names, chiefly French,
which is pardonable, for they are extremely ill-suited
for English readers, we find the sins are those of
omission, the descriptive part of the text being exces-
sively meagre, and in so far misleading, and not so
full of "light " as those not well acquainted with the
flower have perhaps the right to look for in a list
issued by the above-named Society. Our correspond-
ent also complains that subscribers of 5^-. to the funds
of the Society are obliged to pay for their catalogue,

Strawberries and Vines in the Same

House.— The fourth edition of M. van Hulle's
useful treatise on this subject has been recently pub-
lished in French (Ghent, Hoste). It is an able and
clearly-written treatise on Vine culture, and is partly
devoted to a plan for forcing Strawberries in the same
house as that in which the Vines are grown. For
this purpose the Vines are planted in an outside border
and the stems passed through long narrow apertures in
the wall of sufticient size to allow of the stem being
inserted and withdrawn at pleasure. The Straw-
berries are placed inside the house, and forcing begins
in January, the Vines being at this lime outside.
After some six or seven weeks, when the Vines could
no longer prove prejudicial to the Strawberries, the
stems are pushed through the holes in the wall into
the interior of the house. By the time the leaves are
expanded the Strawberries are ripe, and on their
removal the house is left free for the Vines, which
ripen their bunches in due season, and remain in the
house till it is time to begin forcing the Strawberries
again.

American Apples. — The little province of

Nova Scotia is,in a most unpretending manner,gaining
a good name for itself in our English market as sending
us some of the finest productions of the Canadian
Dominion. Last season we noted theimportation of the
new Burbank Potato, and this year theimportation ol
Apples from Nova Scotia is attracting some attention.
We have received a sample of the Gravenstein Apple,

which is just now being imported by Messrs.
Northard & Lowe, and of which over 2000 barrels
have been sold this season. This is one of the finest
Apples, either for dessert or cooking, that we have
seen for some years, and the Nova Scotians aie
certainly to be congratulated on growing such an
excellent variety for their earliest kind. The fruit is
large, handsome, Peach-like in colour, mellow to the
palate, and just sweet enough to bring out a rich
flavour. Next to these Apples will come consign-
ments of later varieties, these consisting of Ribston
Pippins, Blenheim Pippins, King of Tomp-
kins' County, and Baldwins. The fact is one
that ought to set us thinking. While we are sufter-
ing from depression in our own agriculture, and
while we hardly know \vhere to turn for help,
here is an island in British North America not only
sending us the best Apples on the London market,
but also beating the United Slates, with its great
diversity of climate and with such States as the sunland
Florida and the luscious California. The secret of
the success is to grow none but the best kinds,
and this we may take it will be in the near future the
surest possible way to success in any department of
the world's agriculture. But surely one would think
that such varieties of Apples as the Gravenstein ought
to be produced in sufficient quantity in our own
country. It is true that the law which allows the
tenant to lose his property in a fruit tree the moment
that its roots are placed in another man's soil acts
against the planting of orchards and fruit grounds,
but still one would imagine that we ought to have
been able to have produced such an Apple in quite
sufficient quantities. But this year and last year the
agricultural returns show a very good increase in
orchards, but after all the fact remains, that during
years of severe depression a small colony has estab-
lished a very important little trade in agricultural
produce.

Floral Colours. — We have much sympathy

with '*F." in the apparent perplexity in which he
seems to be placed with respect to the nomenclature
or identification of colours in flowers. Most original
species have flowers so far of decided hues that there
exists no great difficulty in defining them pretty
fairly. With florists' flowers, however, the difificulty
found in correctly defining what are the true colours
of many of them is excessive, and, indeed, hardly two
persons can be got to agree as to what those hues
really are. That even experienced floral artists are
often at fault is evident when we see the numerous
failures to transfer to paper the exact hues of some
brilliantly coloured flower, and as to which in select-
ing his paints the artist presently finds he has made a
patent mistake. One of the great features of many
new flowers is found in the tendency to embody in
them some two or three hues, or what is called shaded
colours. This mixing up by Nature in its production
of flowers of the primary hues is very puzzling, and
in a vast number of cases we have to describe some
flower as crimson, shaded with rose, or maroon,
shaded purple, or rosy-carmine, and many other com-
bination phrases, that after all fail to convey what is
meant. Why, we have even in yellows from sulphur
or primrose to deep orange — an infinitude of shades,
which baffle the most expert correctly to describe,
and such indefinable terms as clear yellow, bright yel-
low, rich yellow, and so on, have to do duty, although
even these, if satisfying the descriher, yet leave the
public little the wiser. As " F." has shown,
even such common colours as lilac and purple are
commonly misapplied. We have always thought that
lilac expressed both the name of a flowering shrub
and the hue of its flowers, for lilac as a colour usually
means a very pale red, but which is yet too dark for
pink. The Foxglove of the woods might well be
described as a reddish-lilac, but it is a long way from
being purple, and the term purpurea as applied to the
colour of its flowers would indicate that either the
earlier botanists were indifferently acquainted with
colours, or else since that day development in the
elements of colours has vastly progressed. The grada*
tions of colour, from a pure white ground towards
intensity are numerous, and very interesting. Thus
we see a faint flush of scarlet or vermillion on a
white ground is termed blush, a little more body
makes it flesh, a little more pink, a little more still
is carmine, and then carmine with a dash of violet in
It gives us the lovely hue of rose ; whilst scarlet
seems the carmine brightening into vermilion, and
scarlet becomes crimson when it is deepened with

December 6, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

723

maroon, whilst it seems to be purple when deeply
flushed with blue. Single Dahlias very slrongly
illustrate the curious mixing found in floral colours,
but perhaps these are even more strikingly found in
zonal Pelargoniums, as any one may see, especially
at this time of the year, hy looking in at Swanley
and inspecting Mr. Cannem.'s rich and varied collec-
tion. A few primary hues flung together in various
degrees and mixtures seem capable of giving us as
much diversity as does the octave of musical tone?,
or the letters of the alphabet ; indeed, colours are
endless in variety, and capacity to correctly appreciate
them seems almost as diverse also. We fear it is not
of much use to attempt to set up any standard author-
ity for the description of floral colours, for after all
men will term them according to their own ideas and
conceptions,

Oncithum PuAL.tsoPsis. — This plant is

now being oll'ered in quantities by Orchid importers
and others, and therefore may be obtained much
cheaper than was possible hitherto. It is a very
prettily marked variety of O. cucullatum, of which
there are several well marked forms now in cultiva-
tion. Of these the varieties nubigenum, Chesterton!,
and majus are, in addition to the above, distinct and
pretty little Orchids. O. Phal^nopsis has pseudo-
bulbs as large as a Peach-stone, leaves about 5 inches
long, and a 6-inch scape of flowers about an inch in
diameter, and consisting very largely of labellum.
This labellum is white, with purplish blotches scat-
tered over it. A pretty little Oncidium for cultiva-
tion in the cool Orchid-house, liking plenty of water
always.

—- Weather Aspects. — In spite of local
showers the past month of November has been rela*
tivelysodrythat nowfeelings almost of alarm'arecreated
lest the drought of the year should be continued
throughthewinterandrunon even into another summer.
There can be no doubt whatever that the phases of
the weather are of a kind that battle the anticipations of
the most weather-wise. That a thoroughly wet autumn
was looked for generally after such a wondrously long
spelt of drought there could be no doubt ; and
specially was it anticipated that November, the cus-
tomary month of storms and floods, would have
brought to the droughty soil some equipoise. But
matters get worse rather than better, for exhaustion of
subterranean moisture still goes on, and it seems to
be in no way recouped. Ditches are unusually dry
— probably were never drier in November than now,
and the water, so far from being within easy reach of
he surface of the soil, as it most commonly is just at
this lime, is some 16 to 20 feet below it ; indeed,
only an enormous rainfall can make good what is
lacking. Mow planting is hindered our nurserymen
can tell too well, and how little labour there is to be
found on the land our field and garden labourers can
tell. Happily, hedging and ditching may be done
where a love of tidiness — not too abundant a virtue
— prevails, but all other kind of labour is very slack,
so that with one of the finest and most open seasons
on record we still see the unwonted spectacle of labour
being unusually restricted. The continued general
lack of rain may well cause anxiety, though, happily,
so far, the want of it is not balanced by severe cold
and frosts. The prognostics of a hard winter have
not been so far borne out. A wet winter would of
the two be the lesser evil.

New Chrysanthemum.— We have received

from J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, S.E., specimens
of a new pompon Chrysanthemum, named Val d'Or,
which we doubt not will prove an acquisition on
account of its distinctness and vivid colour, which is
very bright orange ; the flowers, though not large,
are symmetrically shaped, and produced in great
abundance.

Masdevallia velifera.— If for no other

reason this plant may be considered interesting
because of its most repulsive odour, strong and
repulsive as that of the Stapelias. It belongs to the
large, rather coarse-flowered group of Masdevallias,
of which M. coriacea, M. elephanticeps, and M.
Peristeria are examples ; in fact, it does not appear
to differ at all from the second of these except in
colour and in the odour it possesses. The sepals are
united by their lower edges, so as to form a sort of
hood, afterwards tapering off into longish tails. On
first expanding they are almost green, but as they get
older they grow yellowish, never, however, becoming

clear or anything other than a muddy greenish yellow,
the tails only being clear yellow. A blotch of brown
marks the inside of the lower sepals where they are
united. There is a plant of this remarkable Mas-
devallia now in flower at Kew.

flARDENERS* ROYAL RENEVOLENT INSTI-

TUTio.N. — We are glad to see that a practice that we
have oiien advocated, that of placing collectirg boxes
at Flower Shows, was adopted with such success at
the Uighgate Chrysanthemum Show that six guineas
were collected, and an additional sum of one guinea
was contributed by the unploycs at the Uighgate Nur-
series of Messrs, W. Curisusii & Son. The proceeds
of a Chrysanthemum show at Cuckfield, held on ihe
20th ult., are to be devoted to the same oliject.

Senecio fulcher. — This striking species

is now in tine form at the gardens of the Royal
Horticultural Society at Chiswick. Some plants that
were kept in pots in a cold frame during the summer
having commenced to throw up their flowering
stems, they were repotted and placed in the house
where the Chrysanthemums are blooming. They
have developed very stout flower-stalks surmounted
with flowers of very large size and tinely coloured.
The peculiar hue of rich bright pale purple is
extremely pleasing, and in marked contraiat with the
prevailing hues of the Chrysanthemums. This may
supply a " wrinkle " as to how to treat ihls fine plant
so as to have it in fine bloom at this season of the
year.

The Weather. — Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Dec. i, 1SS4, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 1 16, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather was generally fine at the com-
mencement of the period, but afterwards became very
changeable, with showers of cold rain, sleet, or snow.
The temperature has been subject to considerable
oscillations, and at times has varied greatly in dif-
ferent parts of, the kingdom. On the whole, how-
ever, it has been decidedly below the mean in all
districts, the deficit varying from 1° or 2" over " Ire-
land," " England, S.W.,"and the "Channel Islands,"
to 4° over central, southern, north-western England,
and 5° in " England, E." and '* Scotland, N." The
maxima, which were recorded at most stations on
Nov, 27, ranged from 55° in "Ireland, S," to 47° in
"England, E." In several places during the latter
part of the period the daily maxima were unusually low,
thus during Sunday the highest reading at Aberdeen
was only 22°. The minima, which were registered
on difterent days in the various localities, were gene-
rally very low. In the north and east of Scotland the
thermometer fell to 14" or 15" in "England, N.E.,"
to 19^ and in most other districts to between
21" and 24°. In the "Channel Islands," however,
the lowest reading was 37°. The rainfall has been
more than the mean in "Scotland, N.," " Scot-
land, E.," " England, N.W.," and "Ireland, N.,"
but about equal to, or a little less than its normal
value elsewhere. Brigfht sunshine shows a decrease
in duration in nearly all districts, the percentages
of the possible number of hours^varying from 25 in
the "Channel Islands" to 7 in "Ireland, N."
Depressions observed : — At the commencement of
the week the eastern edge of an anti-cyclone lay over
our western coasts, and the lowest pressures over
Scandinavia, the winds consequently being moderate
from the northward or north-westward. On the
27th, however, the high pressure area moved south-
wards, and depressions began to appear in our neigh-
bourhood. The first of these, subsidiary to a larger
cyclonic system over the north of Scandinavia,
travelled south-eastwards over the north of Scot-
land and the North Sea on the 27th, and dis-
appeared over North Germany on the 2S[h.
By the following day a shallow disturbance had
apparently been formed over the Netherlands, while
during November 30 and December i an irregularly
shaped depression moved south-south-eastwards over
Ireland and England, finally dispersing over our
south-eastern counties. Moderate to fresh north-
westerly and northerly winds continued general till
the 30th, when the wind in the east and north shifted
to the southward or south-eastward. At the end of
the period strong southerly breezes had set in on our
western and north-western coasts, with a falling
barometer,

Gardening Appointments. — Mr. D. J.

Smith, late Gardener at Stourton Castle, Stour-
bridge, as Gardener to NoRRis Russell, Esq.,
Plassey, Limerick, Ireland.— Mr. T. Grassing, late
General Foreman at RoUeston Hall, has been
appointed Head Gardener to T, Porter, Esq.,
Erieigh, Whiteknights, Reading.

THE CULTIVATION OF THE

POTATO.

The subjoined correspondence respecting the inter-
esting experiments carried out in the Reading nui-
series of Messrs. Sutton ^ Sons on hybridising
different species of Solanum with a view of rendering
the edible Potalo better adapted to our usually
dripping English climate is taken from a recent
issue of the Times, The first is a letter from Mr. A.
Sutton to the Editor of that journal, and the latter a
communication to Earl Calhcart : —

" Lord Cathcart has suggested to me that you wouhi
probably consider the facts mentioned in the enclosed
letter of such general interest as to be worthy of notice
in the Times.

" I will only trespass upon your space to explain that
the experiments which have been carried on during the
past summer at Lord Cathcart's request have had for
their object the attempt (by cross-fertilisation with dis-
tinct and hitherto uncultivated species of Solanum) to
infuse fresh blood into the Solanum tuberosum, tlie
species to which all the varieties ot Potatos at present m
cultivation belong.

" The success which has thus far attended this operation
in the case of Solanum Maglia encourages the hope that
an entirely new race of Potatos may result which shall
be free from the attacks of the Peronospora infeslans,
from which tlie Potato crops of the country have suffered
so greatly during recent years.

• "Solanum Maglia was discovered by Darwin in the
Chonos Archipelago, 44° to 46° south latitude, and is re-
markable as choosing lor its habitat low-lying marshy
places, near the coast ; whereas S. tuberosum, from
which the cultivated Potato springs, is a native of the
higher Andes, where rain is almost unknown.

" In view of this fact, and that in a wet summer and
autumn the Potato disease is invariably much more viru-
lent, while in a dry season like the past its ravages are
reduced to a minimum, it has been thought that the
constitutional aversion of S. tuberosum to humidity h.^s■
probably induced its susceptibility to disease. On the
other hand, it is hoped that the preference shown by S.
Magha for a damp soil and moist climate, may lead to
its being a parent of a new race of Potatos far more
suitable lor the climate of the British Isles.

" With this object Lord Cathcart forwarded me some
tubers of S. Maglia and another species called S. f amesii,
in March, and the enclosed is a report to his lordship of
the first season's work.

'■ Those who are interested in this question should
read the two exhaustive papers which have recently
appeared, one by Lord Cathcart, on ' The Cultivated
Potato/ in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society
(vol. XX., part i.), the other by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R S ,
Curator of Kew, read by him before the Linnean Society,
and since pubhshed under the title ' A Review of the
Tuber-bearing .Species of Solanum.' Arthur W. Sutton,
Reading."

" My Lord,— It gives me much pleasure to report to
your lordship the results obtained lay the cultivating ard
JertiHsing Ihe varieties of Solanum which your lordship
forwarded to me in March.

"Of the two varieties— namely. S. Maglia and S.
Jamesii — there were respectively sixty-one and eight
tubers. The former, S. Maglia, were divided at the
time of planting into two sections— viz.. section {a), con-
sisting of tubers having a pale coloured skin ; and
section [b), tubers distinctly red in colour. The S. Jamesii
showed no variation whatever in colour,

" Knowing that Potato sets frequently fail to start if
unfavourable weather follows immediately upon the
planting, and being very anxious to obtain the most
complete results possible, the tubers were planted in
pots under glass as soon as received, and we were thus
able to transfer to a carefully-selected plot in the open
ground the first week in June three plants of S. jamesii
and forty plants of S. Maglia, sections (12) and {b).

"Notwithstanding the pains we took we found it
impossible to induce more than three tubers of S. Jamesii
to start, the remainder of the sets rotting in the soil,
possibly owing to their having been lifted before quite
ripe, or having been stored under unfavourable con-
ditions during the winter, i.e., before they came into our
possession.

" I may here mention that in addition fo the S. Maglia
and S. Jamesii received from your lordship I obtained
from M. Blanchard of Brest, a few tubers of S. Ohrondii
(synonymous with S. Commersoni). Tiiese we treated
in precisely the same manner as the others, and two
plants were put out by the side of the S. Maglia and S.
Jamesii on the same date,

" No difference could be seen in the two sections of S.
Maglia. the foliage, flowers, and habit of growth being
identical, and when a portion of the crop was lifted about
September 5 the produce of section {a) was not in any
way distinguishable from that of [b), the majority of

724

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

tubers in each case being of a deep red colour, but here
and there a few pale and almost white, resembling those
plants in section {a).

" All three species made rapid growth, but S. Jamesii
and S. Commersoni showed signs ot ripening off about
the middle of August, although S. Maglia still continued
growing.

"In its general character and habit of growth the S.
Maglia might easily have been mistaken for an ordinary
variety of S. tuberosum as commonly grown in this
country, although there were points in which it differed
from any one of the recognised varieties.

" S. Jamesii was totally different in every respect, and
to an ordinary observer would not have been considered
a Potato at all. The height was only about 8 inches to
10 inches, the leaves excessively small, and the habit of
growth not altogether unlike the S. capsicastrum used
for table decoration.

|ti"The S. Commersoni somewhat resembled the S.
Jamesii, although it was more robust, and in every way
more nearly approaching the type of an ordinary Potato
plant. This also ripened off about the middle of August.
Both S, Jamesii and S. Commersoni we could easily
recognise from the description and plates in Mr. Baker's
paper read before the Linnean Society.

" Each of the three species produced an abundance of
flowers, the corolla in each case being white. It is an
exception in cultivated forms of the Potato for the corolla
to be white, it being generally of a purplish-lilac tint,
varying in depth according to the particular variety.

"As the flowers appeared every possible care was
taken to fertilise them with pollen from some ot our best
disease-resisting Potatos, and it is gratifying to be able
to report that in the case of S. Maglia we have obtained
three fully developed berries well filled with seed. These
I hope to sow next year, watching with great interest the
development of the seedlings, and noting what practical
result has been obtained by thus hybridising the two
species. Both S. Jamesii and S. Commersoni resisted
every effort at fertilisation, and this we were not surprised
at. as there was so great a difference between these
species and S. tuberosum, a difference' more strongly
marked, as before mentioned, in the S. Jamesii.

" On September 5 a portion of the crop was lifted, and
it was found that the tubers of S, Jamesii and S. Com-
mersonii had not been materially altered by cultivation
either in form or size, S. Commersoni was the least
productive, our crop consisting only of five tubers. S.
Jamesii, on the other hand, produced in one case as
many as forty tubers from a single set, but the tubers
were in most cases a little smaller than those planted.
In the S. Maglia, however, the effect of cultivation was
most marked. The tubers as received from your lord-
ship were about the size of a pigeon's egg, but the pro-
duce consisted of tubers quite as large as an ordinary
Potato, and as many as eight to twelve tubers to each
plant. A few specimens were cooked, and proved to be
of fair quality for table.

" I recently called on Mr, Baker at Kew, and he was
greatly pleased that our first year's work had been so far
successful, as were also Professors Oliver and Mr. Dyer.

" The S. Maglia has not hitherto been known to bear
a seed berry, and we may, therefore, attribute the present
result entirely to the fact of its impregnation with pollen
of the S. tuberosum.

" There is no doubt, after the exhaustive paper contri-
buted by your lordship to the Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society of England, and the pubhcity
given to Mr. Baker's lecture, that this is a subject that
will command increasing attention, and, with your lord-
ship's permission, I hope to forward to the horticultural
Press some account of the progress made.

" Apologising for the length of this letter, I have the
honour to be your lordship's most obedient servant,

" Arfhiir W. Sutio?i.
" The Right Hon. the Earl Cathcarl,
Thornton-le-Street, Thirsk."

and consequently benefit by the greater quantity of
nutriment that is available for them. The want of
roots in the upper part of Pine and other plants leads
to a rapid souring of the soil from excess of moisture,
there being no roots to take it up, and that state of
things leads to the soil eventually getting into a con-
dition distasteful to the roots.

If it were possible, in artificially heated beds of
shallow proportions, so to arranee the pipes, by
having some rows of smaller diameter than those
underneath running but just under the surface
plunging material, a state of ground warmth would be
attained resembling in a marked degree that which
the plants get naturally by sun-heat, and which
would, by reason of its more even distribution, lead
to better results than our present somewhat unsatis-
factory methods. The same would hold good of all
large plants when forced foi bloom, for if all the
rootlets of such things as Lilacs, Azaleas, Rhododen-
drons, Prunus, &c., were excited equally and at the
same time, the effects on the plants would be more
rapid, and they would not be required to stay long
enough in the forcing-pit to cause growth of shoot,
which latter is better obtained, as a rule, at a later
period of the year, M,

BOTTOM- HEAT FOR PINE-
APPLES AND OTHER PLANTS.

Naturally grown in the open air, plants derive
the warmth they need for their healthy development
from above ; for, however enormous the body of fire
may be under our feet, it contributes but little that is
appreciable in the growth of plants which grow in
the surface soil heated by the sun. That being so,
are we quite right in applying heat from below ? If a
Pine pot is turned out the roots are found at the
bottom of the ball, attracted there by the warmth,
but its best roots ought to be those that spring from
the upper part of the collar, these being the younger,
the more vigorous, and that consequently supply, or
ought to supply, the most nutriment to the plant.

In plants growing in hotbeds of leaves, or of well-
prepared tan, having no bottom-heat from pipes or
tanks, the roots are not so commonly found near the
crocks, but are better distributed through the ball.

pots are well filled with roots, when they may be
watered with liquid manure twice or thrice a week
according to circumstances.

Where exposed fully to the sun's rays they require
a very abundant supply of water, which ought never
to be neglected, otherwise the under-leaves fall off, and
the plants become unsightly. Liquid drainings from
cittle sheds (diluted with water), sheep droppings
dissolved in rain-water, a tea-spoonful of guano, sul-
phate ammonia, or nitrate of soda dissolved in a
gallon of rain-water, or a handful of soot to a gallon
of water — any of these will be found of great service
for surface watering of Chrysanthemums. The soil
employed for the growth of these plants can scarcely
be too rich ; about equal parts of loam, stable-dung,
leaf-mould, and sand, make an excellent material for
their culture, y. 7. fK

THE SANDRINGHAM APPLE.

This Apple (see fig. 128) was one of the very few
deemed worthy of a Special Certificate at the Apple
Congress of last year, as a very fine culinary variety.
It was exhibited as a seedling by Mr. Penny, gr. to
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, at Sandringham,
Norfolk, It is described in Mr. Barron's British
Apples— '^^ report of the Congress in question— as
*' large, conical, light green, flushed, tender, acid,
mid-season, first quality ; very handsome." The stock
has passed into the hands of Messrs. Veitch, and to
those gentlemen we are indebted for the opportunity
of figuring a specimen. Those gentlemen speak well
of Us cropping properties. Mr. Penny would oblige
by giving further information as to its cropping pro-
perties and other particulars at present unpublished.

ON THE CULTIVATION OF

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

The present season has been exceptionally favour-
able to the growth of Chrysanthemums, we have
consequently seen many excellent collections produced
by both professional growers and amateurs ; but
there is one error in the cultivation of these beautiful
plants into which the inexperienced gardener is apt
to fall, and that is, neglecting, or paying but little
attention to his plants after the flowering season is
past. They are either allowed to remain in a warm
greenhouse, and forced into premature growth, or
they are thrown aside and neglected until late in the
following summer, when he recollects that they are
wanted for winter purposes.

Like the greater part of herbaceous plants of this
class they are tenacious of life, and easily grown ; but
if they are to be cultivated well, a regular system of
management is necessary. After the flowering season
is past, and the old stems cut down, the plants
should be removed from the greenhouse or conserva-
tory and placed in a cold frame, when they are merely
protected from severe frost. Here they should have
plenty of air, and on fine days the lights should be
drawn quite off and the plants fully exposed. When
the winter is mild they will stand very well unpro-
tected, but owing to their having been grown and
excited in the greenhouse they are more apt to suffer
from severe weather afterwards than if they had been
planted out in the open air ; for this reason it is
always better to have the means of giving them some
slight protection.

We saw some magnificent plants in the present
season which had produced flowers last year ; the
stems had been cut down and the old plants treated
as described above. They were taken into the green-
house this autumn, just as they had been left at the
end of the previous season, without any repotting,
and then manured once a week with manure-
water, made by dissolving a teaspoonful of sulphate
ammonia in a gallon of rain-water. The plants were
strong, produced beautiful bright green foliage and
splendid blooms, equal to any that had been raised
from newly planted cuttings taken in June this year.
Chrysanthemums are very gross feeding plants, but
they will not stand much surface-manuring until the

J4o|^E -pORRESPO^IDEJ^CE.

The Royal Horticultural Society's Com-
mittees.— Briefly put, the following are points worthy
of consideration in reference to the future construction
and labours of these bodies. In the first place, the
whole may exist as one body, with one head and
secretary, but with vice-presidents and assistant-
secretaries for each division of the committee, but the
divisions should not be arbitrary, so that members
may choose to sit sometimes in one section, and some-
times in another, just as matters of interest or other-
wise came before them ; thus we should not see the
Floral Committee overdone with work, and the Fruit
Committee wasting its valuable time and experience
over nothing at all. Occasionally the positions may
be reversed. Members could easily arrange on the
morning of the meeting which section for that day
they would prefer, and the fact that every member
was eligible to sit on either section would always
enable the secretary to provide an efficient represen-
tative when subjects of more than average importance
had to be considered. The office of committee-man
should be the reward of long and useful service in
horticultural work, and in no case whatever should it
be bestowed upon personal friends or favourites simply
because they were such. A man may be a successful
raiser of Roses, or a clever novelist, a learned botanist,
or a respectable gardener, but in neither instance does
it follow that he is a representative or honoured horti-
culturist. Were it not for friends at Court he would
never have gained a position from which his elevation
excludes other and more fitting workers. If the purest
motives in selecting the members of the committees
do not actuate those with whom the selection rests,
then the awards of the committees can never hope to
secure complete confidence or respect. It is, perhaps,
not sufficiently realised by the Council of the Royal
Horticultural Society that its most important work is
discharged through the instrumentality of its com-
mittees— that, in fact, to the horticultural public the
Council is nothing, whilst the committees are every-
thing. Further, the awards of these committees carry
with them certain valuable accompaniments, some-
times only of an honorary kind, 'tis true, but as a rule
they are of considerable monetary or business value ;
therefore it is of the first importance thai these
awards should be made by a body that is not only
above suspicion, but which also possesses entire con-
fidence as to its professional capacity. No doubt the
selection of new members from year to year must rest
with the Council, but there is some reason to fear that
private friendships and prejudices to some extent
govern these nominations, and that the Council
usually accepts them without question. There ought
to be on that body enough of high-souled and earnest
horticulturists to be able to make their own selection
and who would be animated only with the one aim and
desire — that is, to place on these committees the very
best and most deserving men the profession can fur-
nish. Finally, one-third of the members should retire
every year, and thus enable other good members to
enjoy the privileges of a position, which should be
held as eminently honourable. A. B.C. [Why should
not the committees themselves, or the horticultural
Fellows generally, nominate a certain proportion of
the m«mbers of committees ? Ed.]

Potato Scab. — In writing of this (p. 662) my
friend Mr. Plowright says the "cause appears to be
unknown," but he is " inclined to think it is an effort
to form cork to prevent the entrance of fungi." The
present year has been one of the most copious lor
scab that has ever been known. It has been equally
notable for an almost total absence of Potato fungi,
especially of Peronospora. Whilst, therefore, this
year's misguided Potatos have been making as Mr.
Turnerelli wrote, ** never-to-he-equalled efforts," "to
form cork," and so keep out the vile fungi, there have
really been no fungi about for them to "cork "out. It

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

725

is a umaikable fact thai in other years when Potato
fungi are very abundant, the Potatos always appear
to forget to " form cork," and so get destroyed ; they
really must have their "eyes "opened a little by some
one. Mr. Plowright may possibly be able to refer
me to a little picture in some German book of a
Potato illustrated positively in the very act of " form-
ing cork " and a fungus detected in the very act of
trying to "get in," but pictures cannot be accepted
any more than words when they are contrary to
everyday observation. The long-continued drought
and heat have perhaps had a trifle to do with scab this
year, and foreign substances in the soil are thought
sometimes to cause it. JK G. Smith.

Grape Shanking. — I am glad this subject is being
ventilated in your columns. That the cause is not
known or understood by many growers is obvious
from the fact that shanking is so prevalent in so tnany
vineries throughout the country. To say that it is
caused by atmospheric influence, ventilation, or over-
cropping, is absurd. All practical gardeners know,
or ought to know, that Grapes for their nourishment
and full maturity ate dependent on the fibrous lOOts of

had any trouble with them, after twenty- five years'
experience. And lastly " Thrumpton " says that my
letter is in no way connected with " Yorkshireman's "
question and is irrelevant : yet on p. 598 " Thrump-
ton " admits " Vorkshireman " asks for informa-
tion respecting horizontal tubular boilers. And now
"Vorkshireman" has heard only two persons, and
those two don't agree, and that was my contention in
my first letter, that " Vorkshireman " should use his
own judgment. I may add that I find my boilers are
heating about the same quantity of piping as " Thrump-
tons," viz., 2300 feet 4 inches. Amos GroomhrUge,
Plymouth.

Acorns and Cattle. — The extraordinary abun-
dance of Acorns, to which I recently alluded, has led
to a sad and singular fatality amongst cattle in this
and adjoining counties. At Savernake Forest, Wilts,
a large number have been killed, and at Ilursley
Park, near Winchester, twenty-four fine cows suc-
cumbed to the immoderate eating of the fallen Acorns
— the astonishing quantity of ij bushel being found
in the stomach of one of them. No doubt the abnormal
produce of Acorns, to which the cattle are unaccus-

from wood-tar, but it is perfectly safe if used as I
have stated. If the paint to which he refers still con-
tinues soft he may feel perfectly assured that it con-
tains something more than Brunswick black. Should
it be coal-tar it can easily be detected by its peculiar
scent, and will become comparatively hard when cold
and soften again when heated. To remove coal-tar
from hot-water pipes there is no means so safe as
burning it olT with charcoal in a small brasier — a very
slow but, I think, the only certain method without
removing the pipes from the houses. I once, through
the mistake of a painter, effectually removed paint
containing coal-tar from hot-water pipes by the method
I have stated, and shall not soon forget the lesson it
taught me. T. S. C.

Apple Court Pendu Plat at the Southampton
Show, — A correspondent in your last issue, p. 693,
adverts to the fact that Court Pendu Plat Apple took
first honours at the Southampton show on the 6th of
last month. Allow me to say, as one of the judges, that
Court Pendu Plat, although fairly good specimens,
had very little, if anything, to do in assisting in
getting first honours beyond making one of three

Fig. 128.— the sandringham apple, (see p. 724.)

the canes ; the point, therefore, is never to allow these
to get either too damp or too dry even when ripening
the bunches ; also to have borders well drained is
most important. Another pernicious practice often
followed is to place on borders where Vines are
planted outside 3 or 4 feet of dry leaves. The fer-
mentation and heat of these will destroy a consider-
able lot of the fibrous roots near the surface, and will
subsequently prove disastrous to the Grapes. Bor-
ders, of course, will require protection, but not heat-
ing with leaves as above. A. Macdonald^ The Gar-
denSf Royal Asylum^ Cheadle^ Manchester,

Tubular Boilers. — After reading " Thrumpton's "
remarks, I really must ask him and your readers to
pardon my error in omitting to write, on p. 62S, after
per day " per house," or in plain figures six houses at
4</. per day, per week 14J. Now this sum is all I pay
to work my houses. Secondly, " Thrumpton " re-
marks that putting up and pulling down boilers is not
experience. I know I have had to buy my experience ;
being a poor man I could not afford to pay the second
time for resetting my boiler, so I set to work to see if
I could reduce my expenditure in fuel, and owing to
my perseverance I now enjoy the fruit of it in the
greater economy and efficiency of my boilers. He
says I possess little knowledge of circulation. I made
no mention of hot-water pipes, I can only say I never

tomed, has led to such fatal results. Another
singular circumstance has also occurred in the unpre-
cedented appearance of vast flocks of pigeons, which
quite darkened the air as they passed over before
settling on the surrounding woods and forests, which
they soon cleared of the Acorns. It is wonderful
the instinct that directed these birds from afar to
such a large and unusual supply of food. W. H.
Rogers, Southampton.

Hot-water Pipes and Tar. — If the hot-water
pipes to which Mr. Bishop refers at p. 692 have
been painted with genuine Brunswick black mixed
only with oil and turpentine, he need fear no evil, nor
would it be possible to remove the same after the
pipes had been painted two or three hours, as by that
time the paint becomes so thoroughly dry and hard,
as to make scraping it off an utter impossibility. I
have painted hot-water pipes with it in every kind of
fruit and plant house, including Orchid houses and
Ferneries, at every season of the year for twenty years,
and never had a plant, frond, or flower injured by so
doing. There is a slight scent for a day or two after
painting, but this scent is very different to that arising
from paint containing any portion of coal-tar, a small
quantity ofwhich I fearfrom Mr. Bishop's remarks, must
have been introduced into the paint to which he refers.
Brunswick black is no doubt prepared to some extent

dishes; the superiority of the two dishes shown with
it, namely. Cox's Orange and Ribston Pippin, being
excellent examples, made up the deficiency, in our
opinion, in quality of the former. Court Pendu Plat,
although not a telling variety, in a small collections
compared with many others, in my opinion does not
altogether justify a disqualification. F. Rutland.

Fumigating Frames. — One of the finest lot,
of herbaceous Calceolarias I have ever seen at
this season of the year are in a frame at Messrs.
Sutton & Sons' nursery, the London Road, Reading.
It has been a " rushing season " for these, as for
many other things, meaning thereby that the warm
dry character of the season operated to bring on
plants of this character with unusual swiftness ; and
so extra care had to be exercised to keep them slowly
developing, and at the same time not to give them
a check, or affect in any way their hardy, sturdy
development. The plants are numerous, of large
size, in the very pink of health, and absolutely clean.
They are well looked after in the matter of fumiga-
tion. At Reading a fumigator is used after the style
of Elcome's : it is made of iron, oblong in shape,
with a top formed of concave bars, which can be
removed at will. It is of local design, and answers
admirably. The Calceolarias are in a line of pits,
low, and with a span-roof. At each end is a trap-

726

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

door; this door is pulled back at both ends, the
fumigator is put in at that end where the wind is, and
the smoke is carried along to the other end. Then
the trap door at the end on the side of the wind is
closed ; the result is that a current of air passes along
in an opposite direction, and so the plants are tho-
roughly enveloped in smoke. As a matter of course
care has to be exercised that the smoke be not allowed
to escape by means of the open trap-doors. It used
to be thought that a somewhat delicate habit of
growth was inevitably associated with high-class
quality in Calceolaria flowers. Probably at one time
there did appear some valid reason for this statement,
but of late years a desirable habit of growth has been
developed concurrently with superb blossoms. The
plants at Reading are remarkable for their sturdy
habit. R, D.

A Hint to Young Gardeners. — Now that the
long winter nights have fairly set in, young gardeners
in remote districts are frequently at a loss as to how to
pass their leisure time, many ways are open to make
the long nights slip away not only pleasantly but use-
fully ; but we are sorry to think that in the majority
of instances, bothies, where mutual or self-improve-
ment is carried on, are the exception not the rule.
There are many things that young gardeners should
learn, that they may never think of till the time
comes when the knowledge is required, and then they
are " found wanting." Out of the many subjects that
should be worked up, we know of none that is
so systematically ignored as the practice of plan
drawing. It is astonishing that out of the many
well informed young men to be found in bothies,
how few there are who can draw a plan, or lay one
out. We would urge the practice of this subject
during this dull season of the year, and feel confident
that all who attempt it will be surprised to find what a
vast amount of pleasure and valuable knowledge they
will derive from it. y.

Cucumber Growing. — Being a grower of these
for market, I purpose giving your readers an account
of my method. I commenced to cut for market on
March 21, and have continued to do so from the same
plants to November 12, during which time there have
been cut over 11.744 dozen, nnt counting small ones,
which are sold by the peck. To produce this quantity
there are nine houses each S5 yards long, and 13 feet
span, with no ventilation except the doors at each
end, and no shading whatever. We use 2000
plants, which have to be brought on through the
winter and when planted out stand at 2\ feet apart in
beds 4 feet wide. Vou will see that the above figures
give an average of nearly six dozen to every plant, the
weight of the above quantity amounting to 50 tons.
There are 150 tons of manure put in the beds of 300
tons of soil, and we commence to cut on March 21
and continue until November, when the pits are all
emptied, cleaned, and prepared for another season.
I should like to know if any of your numerous readers
have cut a greater quantity, as a whole, or the same
from individual plants. IK Lon^thatv, Pinketh Gar'
dens, Wfirriu'^ton, [The figures given are astonishing,
but we are assured they are correct. Eu.]

Winter Protection for Dahlia Roots Out-
side.— Vour correspondent, " R. D.," p. 662, does
not seem to think Dahlia roots can be protected in the
ground against almost the severest frosts, and so
counsels lifting and storing in a dry, cool loft or
cellar. This is probably the orthodox system, but is
there any occasion to do so ? I do not doubt that,
including singles, I have 500 — others have ten times
as many. Lifting, storing, and carefully watching
that number during the winter is an important con-
sideration, that most people would forego if there
were no risk. I took up the best of the show, fancy,
single, and Cactus varieties last year, but left many
in the ground protected with coal-ash, tan, and short
stable manure. These did much the best, so I am
leaving nearly all out this winter so protected. We
had several degrees of frost yesterday here ; so any
who would do likewise must protect in some similar
manner at once. \V, J. Murphy^ ClonmeL

Cauliflowers, Autumn Planted. — I see our
gardeners always plant these on warm sunny borders,
which seems to be quite right ; but it cannot be
equally so to elevate them on a little plateau some
4 or 6 inches above the alleys, and so permit frost to
penetrate more easily to their roots, I shall be
told it is done to keep their roots from damage
by water lodging about them. How can water lodge
in injurious quantities on a sloping border ? It would
seem that a shallow broad trench of 6 inches or more
deep, just wide enough to allow of the handlights
standing in it, would better effect the purpose of
keeping frost from the plants both at top and root
than the raised bed, and it would certainly allow of
moulding up and feeding with a top-dressing of
dung given in the spring. And in case of frost of
unusual severity the handlights could be made more
secure with litter, and the wind would have Icbs eflcct

on these sheltered plants than on others not so
situated. Raised beds and banks are good in summer
time to forward crops of Tomatos, Radishes, salad*
ings, Potato';, Violets, Strawberries, Capsicums by
reason of the ease with which the sun's warmth pene-
trates them, but in winter we have In prevent the
ingress of an enemy, and therefore the practice should
be different in kind. Siump.

Potato Raising at Messrs. Sutton Sc Sons",
Reading, — In your issue of the I5ih ult. ynur corre-
spondent, "A. I) ," asks '' whether S. Maglia has of
its own unaided effort produced seed-apples in this
country previously ? and also whether it has, or, as a
rules, does produce seed in its native habitat ? In
reply we would mention that we can find no record of
S. Maglia having produced seed either in this country
or in its native habitat. Wc may add, moreover,
that although the plant? we have had under cultiva-
tion during the past season were covered with flowers,
yet in no case was a seed -apple produced except
where the flowers had been impregnated with pollen
from S. tuberosum. As your correspondent points
out, this fact adds to the interest which attaches to
the hybridisation of these two species. Siitlon C^
Sons.

The Pruning of Fruit Trees. — The timely and
judicious pruning of fruit trees is the most important
part of their cultivation, yet it is that part which
receives but little attention. When fruit trees have
been neglected for some years it takes some time and
labour to get them into form again, but when trees
have been looked over carefully every season from the
time of their being planted ihey will not require much
annual labour to keep them in shape. The principles
on which pruning is founded and its general effects
are pretty well understood. If the stem and branches
of a plant contain a hundred buds, by removing
half of these the shoots or fruits produced by the
remainder will be supplied with a greater amount of
nutriment than if all had remained. On the other
hand, when the whole of the buds of a tree are so
abundantly supplied as to produce chiefly leaves or
.shoots without blossom?, then by cutting off a
portion of the roots the supply of water is lessened,
a moderate degree of vigour is produced, and
instead of barren shoots blossom buds appear.
By these methods of pruning — now the roots and
then the branches — the growth is controlled and
fertility induced. If a fruit tree were not deprived
either annually or biennially of a part of the wood or
buds which it produces its fruits would gradually
diminish in size, and though the fruit might be more
plentiful it would lack juiciness and flavour. All
fruit trees grown in orchards should be mostly grown
in the standard form, this being the natural form they
assume, and in which they attain the largest size and
produce the greatest quantity of fruit with the mini-
mum of labour. Standard trees require only to be
pruned to keep them in shape and to prevent over-
crowding of the branches. Pruning is also resorted
to for the purpose of adding vigour to feeble
trees. Unfortunately, orchard trees receive, as
a rule, very little attention in pruning. All cut-
ting away of large branches in healthy trees
should be avoided, and this can be done by making
it the practice to examine them every season, when
the superfluous shoots can be cut out. In orchards
where pruning has not been regulaily attended to,
large limbs will sometimes have to be removed.
Where this is necessary, the cut should be slanting,
and the wound should be smeared with tar or some
composition, or be covered with a cap of lead or zinc,
to prevent the entrance of moisture. Tar-covered
wounds, if surrounded by healthy bark, rapidly callus
over, and are to be preferred to any other, unless the
surface is very large. Trees with luxuriant growths,
i( yielding only worthless sorts, should be headed back
and grafted with superior kinds ; if too old, remove
the trees, and plant better sorts. The autumn is con-
sidered to be the best season for pruning, but it may
he done at any time during mild weather in winter.
M, Saidl, York.

The Potato Sclerotia, or Plasmodia.— The
Gardeners' Chronicle of the 22d ult. contains a report
of observations made on these bodies by Mr. W. G.
Smith and myself at the Scientific Committee of the
Royal Horticultural Society. In the discussion Mr.
Murray said "he had found similar bodies in per-
fectly healthy plants." That is exactly what he
should have found. All the plants in which they
occur are *' perfectly healthy " till the parasite begins
to germinate. It is then only that the poison is
carried out into the tissues by the lines of mycelium,
and that disease ensues. The bodies incubate in
the healthy tissue, and if circumstances of the seascm
and conditions of the host are favourable to germina-
tion they germinate. An egg will lie till it rot if con-
ditions are not favourable to the germination of the
chick. The recent season was unfavourable to these
parasitic plasmodia, and only some of them germi-
nated here and there. But there were many of ihcm

in the leaves last season, though, I think, they were
of smaller size than in iSSi. A. Stephen Wilson.

Clean Leaves in Winter.— When looking through
the greenhouse of an enthusiastic amateur gardener
a few days ago the freshness and healthy appearance
of all the large-leaved plants attracted attention. It
was explained on the ground that the leaves of all
those plants that are broad enough to admit of its
being done are carefully sponged at intervals. Some
years ago the hint was borrowed from a successful
plant cultivator, and it has been acted upon since
with the best results. The water used is slightly
lepid, and the work is done on any bright morning
when the sun is likely to shine out a little— at least at
midday, or when the weather is mild. This is a
hint that not a few amateurs would do well to act
upon. It is not at all unusual to see plants during
the winter whose leaves are covered with dust and
dirt deposits, and it is observed they will be all the
better for a little cleansing. R. D.

The Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger). —
The Christmas Rose is grown largely and well in the
neighbourhood of Bath for church decoration during
Christmastide. A few days since we noticed the
plant blooming well at Messrs. George Cooling &
Son's nursery at Bath. The forcing-house in which
it was growing is a very low one, with a bed
filled with cocoa-nut fibre along the centre, and
in this the clumps are packed closely together. The
house being heated, the flowers can be forwarded
as required for use. The flowers of the Bath variety,
as it is called in Somersetshire, are larger than
are usually met with, but whether it is a distinct
variety, or that cultivatign has anything to do with
the size of the bloom, or to the soil and situa-
tion, or both, I cannot say, but I am inclined to attri-
bute it to the result ol soil and good cultivation
combined, //. //'. iV.

The International Forestry Exhibition. —
Essay and Report Awards. — The Executive Com-
mittee have now issued their list of awards for the be-t
essays and reports on forestry subjects. It is as fol-
lows :—

1. On the Formation and Management of Forest Nurseries —

E. P. C. Brace, Les Vaux-Salbns (Loire ct Cher). Gold Medal ;
Thos. Berwick, 56, North Street, St. Andrews. Silver Medal.

2. On the Formation and Management of Plantations in
various Sites, Altitudes, and Exposures. — David Cannon, Les
Vaux-Salbris (Loire et Cher), France. Gold Medal ; R, E. Hod-
son, Hollybrooke, Bray, Silver Medal ; Donald Stalker,
forester, Kilmun, Bronze Medal ; D. Tail, Owston Park,
Doncaster, Diploma ; J, W. Inghs, Myrtle Bank, Trinity,
ditto.

3. On the Present and Prospective Sources of the Timber
Supplies of Great Britain, with Statistics of the various descrip-
tions of Timber Imported during the past twenty-five years. —
Robert Carrick, Gefl-, Sweden, Silver Medal ; P. L. Sim-
mond<, 35, Queen Victoria Street, London, Bron/e Medal.

4. Repoit, with Specimens, of any Hard Wood likely to sup-
ply the place o( Box-wood for Wood Engravin?. — John R.
Jackson, Cuiator, Museum, Kew, Silver Medal.

5. On the Afforesting of Mountains and other Waste Lands,
wiih details of the method adopted and the results obtained.
To be accompanied with Drawings, Photographs, or Models. —
Thomas Milne, Gienburnie, Aberdeen, Diploma.

6. On the Effectsof Forests on Humidityof Soil and Climate,
from personal observations made by the Author in any Country
or Localitv.— None receivi d

7. On th° Treatment of Coppice and the Utilisation of
Branches and Fragments of Forest Produce, with the view of
dimi'iishine waste. — G. S. Boulder, 1, Norfolk Terrace,
London, Gold Medal ; John Fairley, 20, Ward Street, St.
Roll IX, Glasgow, Bronze Medal.

8. On the Growth and Management of Eucalyptus Planta-
tions, and their Economic Uses. — E. P. C. Brace. Les Vaux-
Salbns (Loiie et Cher), I'rance. Si'ver Medal ; P. L. Simmonds,
35, Queen Victoria Sirtet, London, Bronze Medal.

g, (.)n the Be5,t Method of Preventing Erosion of River
Batiks, with Illustrations.— J. W. Inglis, Myrtle Bank, Trinity,
Diploma.

iQ. On the Comparative Advantages of the various Methods
of Producing and Harvesting Cinchona Bark, with Specimens. —
J. Alexander, UdapusselUwa, Ceylon, Bronze Medal.

II. On the Ravages of Tree and Timber-destroying Insects ,
with Specimens and Illustrations. — J, Alexander, Udapusse'-
lawa, Ceylon, Bronze Medal.

17. On the Ravages of Molluscs and other RLirine Timber-
destroying Animals (excluding Insects), — None received.

\i. On the Destructive Inlluence on Wood of Fungi and
other Plants. — None received.

13. On the best Method of Maintaming the Supply of Teak,
as regards Price, Size, and (Quality, together winh the best Sub-
stitute l<ir Shipbuilding purposes. Special prize of jCso offered
by the Shipbuilders of Glasgow. — W. T. Oldricvc, 1, Stanhope
Place, Edinburgh, special piize ; J. Nisbct, Deputy Conser-
vator of Forests, British Bunnah, Silver Medal; J.C.Kemp,
8i, Hill Street, Garnet Hill, Glasgow, Silver Medal.

15 On the ijtilisation of Forest Produce in the Manufacture
of Paper. — G. F. Green, \, George Yard, Lombard Street,
London, EC. Silver Medal; P. L Siinmonds, 35, Queen
Victoria Street, London, Bronze Medal.

16. On the Culture of Trets on the Margin of Streams and
Lorhs ill Scotland, with a view to the Preseivaiinn of the Banks
and the Conserva'ion of Fish. Sjiecial pri::e of X'o los , offered
by J. B. Duncan, Esq., W. S.— Rev. E. Maclean, Glen Urqu-
harl, Inverness, half of special prize, £,<\ 55.

1 7. On the Preparation and Use of Wood Pulp. Special prize
of j^ao offered by the Scottish Paper Maker*' Association. — E.

F. Cross, and E J. Ecavuu, Laboratory, 240!-^, High Holborn,
London, bpecial priie of xso; W. J. Stonhilf, Ludgate Circus,

December 6, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

727

London, F-.C, Brorze Medal ; J. Anderson Rcid, Fordband
Cottage, Westcn, Ruticom, Cheshire. Bronze Medal.

i3. The Manuractiiie .md Use of Chirco.iI. — A. D. Wi-bstcr,
Llandegai, Banei-^r. N \\'., Diploma.

19 ard 20 Fuel Flintations (two papers). Aranagement of
Coffee Soils (one r-Tpei)— No awaid.

21. Forest Pioducts o( Malabar.— Khodcs Morgan, Conser-
vator of Forcits, Malab.ir, India, Kronze Medal.

22. Humus and the Dcfeitilisation of Forest Soils in India.
— No award.

23. On the Vf gelation of Western Australia. — A, Milne Robert-
son, 1, Alloa Road, Roehampton, London, Diploma.

24. \Viin;sses ofj Ptimccval Times.— Rev. E. Maclean, GIcii-
urqnhsrt, Dii'loma.

35. Repoits on the Forest Productions of our own Crown
Colonies or Ft-'icigu Countries, accompanied by Specimens.— On
the Timber Trade of Kumrup, Assam, by A. J. Mem, Deputy-
Conservator of Forests, Assam, Diploma.

26. Lacquer. — By Hikorckuro Voshida. Japan, Silver Medal.

What is 10 be done willi these essays and reports lias
not yet been decided. Most of the competitors have, il
is understood, agreed to leave thcni in the hands of the
Executive Comiuittee until it is seen it tliere will be funds
to print and publish them. Their publication is desir-
desirable in the interests of science and forestry, and
surely the Executive will manage to find the needful funds
fur this imporlanl purpose ; although we are told thai, so
far as present appearances go. there is little prospect that
there will be any funds available for such a purpose.

Loughborough Chrysanthemum and Fruit
Show: November 2-2. — The tenth annual exhibition
of the Loughborough Chrysanthemum and Fruit Society,
held at the Town Hall on Saturday, was pronounced
by all who witnessed it '.o be an excellent one. and.
indeed, competent judges did not hesitate to characterise
it as the best the Society has yet promoted. /Xs an exhi-
bition of Chrysanthemums alone the show was deserving
of a visit, for the display of these beautiful winter
blooms was probably as extensive and as choice as could
well be desired by the most exacting of critics. Besides
an increase in the number of exhibitors, there was a
decided improvement upon former exhibitions both in
plants and bloom. The .trained plants made a most
effective display, and the specimens shown by the Rev.
J, Bird (President of the Society) again asserted their
superiority, and secured from the judges no fewer than
three first awards. In each case second honours went to
Mr. E. |. Rowbotham (the Secretary of the Society),
who competed for the first time on this occasion, and is
to be congratulated upon the marked success he achieved.
The premier award for the six untrained specimens went
to Mr. ]. Spiby, gr. to Mr. G. E. Paget, Sutton
Bonnington. who also competed for the first time, and
enhanced the beauty of the exhibition by his choice
plants. Pompons were perhaps the lenst satisfactory
department of the show, though some of the specimens
were heavily laden with flowers, and presented a pretty
appearance. It is to beregretled that there was not more
competition for the prizes oftered for the best group of
flowering and foliage plants, which again on this occa-
sion only secured a single entry. The judges, however,
had no hesitation in awarding the ist prize to the group
staged by Mr. Rilchings (gr. to W. B. Paget, Esq.),
which consisted of some handsome exotic and other
plants, including a number of fine Chrysanthemums, the
whole being arranged with judicious skill and good
taste. In addition to the prize group another well-
arranged and attractive collection of plants was staged
as a non-conipetitive exhibit by Mr. D. Roberts (gr, to
Hussey Packe, Esq,), and was highly commended by the
judges. These two, added to a group of Chrysanthe-
mums and pompons, made a suitable decoration for the
centre of the large hall. The Primulas shown on this
occasion were more numerous than usual, and were of
fairty good quality. Both ist prizes went to Mr. J.
Smith, nurseryman, Loughborough. It was in the depart-
ment for cut flowers, however, that the chief attraction
seamed to be contained, and the magnificent specimens
of the Chrysanthemum in its numerous varieties well
deserved the attention and the encomiums bestowed upon
them duiing the day. Foremost amongst the exhibitors
was Mr. |. Landsell, who gained four of the five ist
awards with blooms which were throughout of the
choicest description, and apUy illustrative of the results
which can be attained by the careful development of
these popular flowers. That the competition was very
keen is clear by the fact that in making their awards the
judges were compelled to divide two of the prizes. One
of these divisions was in the class for (he eighteen
blooms, the first of which was by common consent
rightly awarded to Mr. Landsell. For the 2d award
the judges were obliged, after carefully weighing the
merits of the exhibits, to bracket the Rev. J. Bird
and Mr. Ritchings as equal Both lots were remarkably
good, and only in a slight degree inferior to the 1st
prize specimens. The Rev. J. Bird gained four other
2d prices, while two other awards went to Mr.
Ritchings, who, we beheve, entered the lists for the first
time this year, and is to be congratulated upon the
bold bid which he made for the premier honours. Mr.
George Perkins, as an amateur, deserves special mention
for his success in securing a ist award in such company.
The Japanese specimens made a good show, and their
varied hues and quaint forms were much admired.

Fruit. — The display of fruit, too, was quite in
keeping with the general excellence of the show.
The various classes produced ample competition,
while the quality of the fruit was above the average.
The black Grapes shown by Mr. Squires and Dr.
Palmer were indeed handsome specimens. The judges
awarded the ist prize to Mr. Squires, who also
obtained similar honours for his highly meritorious
while Grapes. Apples were without doubt a fine
class, and a conspicuous feature was provided in the

enormous cooking Apples shown by the Rev. J. Bird.
Pears were also a good class, but altogether inferior to
the Apples. Several honorary exliibits served to enhance
the attractions oi the exhibition, amongst them being the
followmg ;— White Grapes, by Mr. R. Shaw ; Clirysan-
Ihemums, by Mr. Spilby ; Pears, by Mr. F. Haynes ;
Gloxinias (highlycommended), by Mr. Rilchings ; Apples
and Pears, by Mr. Wesley.

York Ancient Floristb* Chrysanthemum
Show ; November 26, 27, and 28.— The above well
known Society of Northern florists held their fourth
annual Chrysanthemum show on the above-named dates,
and taking all points into consideration it was a decided
advance on previous exhibitions. The classes for speci-
mens in pols were particularly good in comparison with
other shows. Ihe flowers and the foliage were better,
and the training arrangements less conspicuous. Prizes
are olTcrcd fur fruit in connection with the Chrysanlhe-
nnuu, and amongst them this year were special prizes for
a collection of Apples of home growth, which brought
out a splendid lot of fruit, fully 700 dishes bting staged.
As usual, the show was held in the exhibition building
belonging to the York Fine .\rt Institute, which is
specially adapted to the purpose— perhaps as much, or
more so than any other available building in the North
of England.

Takmg the classes as arranged in the schedule
we first come to prizes for groups of miscellaneous
plants arranged for eftect. There was good com-
petition. Messrs, Simpson & Sons, florists, Hevvorth,
were ist, with a nice group; J. T, Hingston, Esq.,
Chiton (gr., Mr. Mcintosh), 2d; Dr. Baker, The
Retreat, York (gr., Mr. Dawe), 3d. For a group of
Chrysanthemums 9 feet in diameter, there was a capital
competition. The ist prize, a Silver Cup given by the
ex-Lord Mayor, was won well by his late lordship's
gardener. Mr. Falcard ; his plants were well grown,
and the individual blooms of good size and sub-
stance. Mrs. Gutch, York (gr, Mr. Evcrard), 2d;
1. T. Hingston, Esq., 3d. In the class for twelve
Chrysanthemuins, large-flowered, the plants to be on
single stems, there were some very good plants shown.
Dr. Baker was ist, his best plants being John Salter and
Guernsey Nugget ; f. T. Hingston was 2d, with much
dwarfer plants with more flowers on, but the individual
flowers not so fine as the ist prize lot ; Mrs. Gulch 3d.
For twelve distinct Chrysanthemums, excluding pompons,
Mr. T. Smith, Murton, York, a working mechanic, was
1st, winning the Silver Cup given by the City Sheriff.
His plants were well grown specimens of mostly free-
flowering well-known varieties, and did the exhibitor
much credit. Miss Steward, Bishopthorpe (gr., Mr.
Vere;, was 2d ; and J. T. Hingston, Esq., 3d, in a
capital class. For six large-flowered varieties there were
some good plants shown. Miss Stewart was ist. For
six Japanese varieties, Mr. T. Smith was ist. Prizes
were offered for three Japanese and single specimen
varieties, also three large- flo\^'ered varieties, the same
exhibitors winning the prizes in these classes as in those
mentioned, though not quite in the order named above.
Pompons were very good as a whole. Pink and white
Cedo Nulli appear to hold their own more than some of
the older varieties in the large-flowering classes do. For
six pompons, Mr. T. Smith was ist, and Miss Stewart
2d, both exhibiting fresh healthy plants with an abund-
ance of bloom on them.

Prizes were, as usual, offered for six pots of
Roman Hyacinths, six Primulas, six Cyclamens, six
table plants, in all of which classes there was good
competition and well grown plants, with the excep-
tion of Cyclamens, and these were very moderate. |.
Buckle, Esq.. York (gr,, Mr. Russelj, exhibited some
excellent plants in the class for six e.xotic P'erns ;
especially noticeable were fine specimens of Gonio-
phlebium subauriculatum and Microlepia hirta cristata.
The Rev. G. E. Gardener, Heworth (gr., Mr. Lazenby),
was 2d in this class, with well grown but smaller plants.
In the class for twenty-four cut blooms, twelve incurved
and refle.xed and twelve Japanese, there were some fine
blooms exhibited. The ist prize, a Silver Cup, given by
the ex-City Sheriff, H. Rymer, Esq., was well won by
Mrs. Hague Cook, Mirfield {gr., Mr. Daniels) ; the
varieties were composed of those kinds usually met with
at good shows. D. Wilson, Esq., Cottingham, Hull,
was 2d, with a good lot, especially the Japanese varie-
ties ; W. B. Richardson. Esq., Elm Bank, York, was 3d ;
R. H. Jamieson, Esq., Hull, 4th. Mrs. Hague Cook
was again ist in the stand for twelve large-flowered
varieties, w th similar varieties to the ones in the stand
for twenty-tour. In the stand for twelve Japanese varie-
ties the same lady was equal ist with D. Wilson, Esq ,
both stands containing fine blooms of mostly well known
varieties. In the pompon class of cut blooms there were
some good stands exhibited, but nothing caUing for
special remark. Mrs. Hague Cook ist ; A. F, Cholmley,
Esq.. Malton (gr., Mr. Hemmings), 2d ; MissWharlon,
Burton Grange, 3d. For a stand of cut blooms of stove
and greenhouse plants, in twelve varieties, there were
nine competitors. A. Pease, Esq., M.P., Darhnglon
(gr., Mr. Shortt), was isl ; Mr. S. Thomas. Bradford, 2d.

In the non-competing class, Mr. T. B. Morton,
Mowden Bridge Nurseries, near Darlington, staged
some fine stands of cut blooms of Chrysanthemums,
both incurved and reflexed, and Japanese varieties.
Also two stands of pompons put up as bunches,
three stems of one variety in a bunch — to my mind
the only way thatpompons 'should be exhibited aslo cut
blooms. Mr. Morton had also some very nice plants
in 4-inch pots, each being from S to 10 inches in
height, carrying a fine bloom on the top; these had
been struck quite tall, and were certainly a novelty at
York.

Mr. H. Cannell, of Swanley, also exhibited a capital

stand of various plants, not for competition. His
bunches of cut blooms of zonal Pelargoniums were
especially fine. In a stand of single Chrysanthemums,
-America and Peter Henderson were very distinct ; they
may be classed as single Japanese varieties. The same
nurseryman had a very good batch of Primulas, amongst
which Swanley Giants— Red, White, and Blue— and
Queen of the Whites were tbe most distinct.

FkutT AND Vegetables.— For two bunches of bhick
Grapes, G. H, Shaw, Esq., Howden (gr,, Mr. Bear-
part), was ist with two fine bunches of .■\licantc ; F. B.
Franks. Esq,. Campend Hall, Doncaster (gr., Mr. Bon-
sall). 2d, with the same variety, in good order ; the same
gentlemen winning the same prizes in the class for two
white bunches, both exhibiting very good Muscats. Mr.
J. Waikins, Pomona Farm, Hereford, was ist for
Messrs. Backliouse's prize for an assortment of home-
grown Apples, his collection containing about 100 sorts,
which for size and colour outdistanced Yorkshire-grown
fruit very much. J. T. Hingston. Esq , Clifton (gr., Mr.
.Mcintosh), was 2d, with an equal number of varieties to
the ist prize lot. Altogether, nine different collections
were exhibited in this class, thus giving pomologically-
disposed persons such an opportunity of comparing
notes as has not previously happened in York. It has
been suggested that prizes should be offered for Pears
another year, limiting the competition to counties north
of the Trent, and requesting exhibitors to kindly note
with their exhibits under what circumstances they were
grown, viz., as to soil, shelter, &c. There was a tine lot
of Apples shown lor the prizes oftered for collections of
six dishes, both dessert and kitchen varieties, also in
the single dish classes. Pears were not so extensively
shown as in some previous years. Some very fine vege-
tables were put up both in the collections and single
dishes ; a dish of Rousham Park Onions, exhibited by
Mr, Mitchell, gr, to Lord Wenlock, of Escrick Park,
being very noteworthy. H. J. C.

Scottish Horticultural Association.— A meet-
ing of this Association was held on the 2d inst. at 5, St.
Andrew Square, Edinbtugh- Mr. John Methven, Pre-
sident, in the chair. Two communications were sub-
mitted—the one on "The Gardenia," by Mr. J.
Browning. Dupplin Castle, and the other on "The
Croton/' by Mr.. James Mitchell, The Gardens.
Xewmains. Buth were read by the Chairman. In the
first, the writer referred to the fragrance and beauty
of the Gardenia, and its suitability for bouquets, and
also gave some hints as to its propagation ; while in
the second paper Mr. Mitchell called attention to the
medicinal properties of the Croton, and also to its suit-
abiUty for table decoration, adding a description of the
method in whjch it could most advantageously be culti-
vated. The following were the exhibits ;— Messrs. R.
B. Laird & Son, nurserymen, Edinburgh, showed
a very fine collection of new Chrysanthemums for 1884,
single and double. Messrs. T. Methven & Son, nur-
serymen, Edmburgh, showed a fine collection of cut
Chrysanthemums, also DahUa impeiiahs (blooms), and
Tussilago grandis in flower. Mr. McLure. Trinity
Grove, Edinburgh, showed some very large Chrysanthe-
mum blooms sent from Liverpool. The exhibitors re-
ceived a vote of thanks from the meeting.

Hull and East Riding Chrysanthemum.—
This Society held its first exhibition in the Public Rooms,
Hull, on November 20 and 21, and when we learn that
till last September no steps were taken to hold a show,
we can only wonder at the result, and compliment the
managers on their well earned success. The show
presented a very attractive appearance, and was rendered
more so by a large collection of nuscellaneous plants
arranged by Mr. McMahon, Curator of the Hull Botanic
Gardens. As large numbers of visitors were admitted
(about 4000), and all appeared highly gratified, we doubt
not that in future this Society will have as good a show
as there is in the North. All the classes were well con-
tributed to, and taken as a whole the exhibits would
compare with any show that has been held in the North
this year. The chief prize in the cut bloom section, viz.,
for forty-eight equal of incurved and Japanese, was
carried off by Mr. E. Green, gr. to J. Woolright, Esq.,
Mossley Hall, Liverpool, with fine fresh blooms of good
size and finish of the following varieties :— Incurved :
Alfred Salter, John Salter, Empress of India, Prince
Alfred, Queen of England, Princess of Wales, Golden
Empress of India, Lady Slade. Lord Wolselcy, Hero of
Stoke Newington, Sir Stafford Carey, Princess of
Teck, Venus, Jardin des Plantes, Lady Hardinge,
Mrs. W. Shipman, Blonde Beauty. Barbara, Mrs.
Heales, Beauty, Cherub. Princess Beatrice, Mrs.
Halliburton, and Eve. Japanese : M. C. Andiguier,
Golden Dragon, Triomphe de la Rue du Chatelet,
Soleil Levant, Baronne de Frailly, Criterion, Peter the
Great, Red Gauntlet, Apollo, Mons. Ardenne, Japonaise,
Meg Merrilees, J. Delaux, Conile de Gerniiny, La
Nymphe, Pure Delaux, Sarnia Striatum, Hiver Fleuri.
Oracle, Thunberg, Magnum Bonum, and The Sultan ;
Mr. F. Coulling, gr. to J. Barton, Esq.. M.P., Monk's
Manor. Lincoln, coming next, with small but nicely
finished blooms. The next most important class, that
for twenty-four blooms, twelve incurved and twelve
Japanese, was most spiritedly contested. Mr. Green
was again i.st with exhibits similar to his premier collec-
tion ; Mr- Mitchell, gr. to J. Warrener, Esq., Brace-
bridge, Lincoln, coming 2d ; Mr. Bulmer, gr. to D.
Wilson, Esq,, Park Flouse, Cottingham, 3d ; and R.
Falconer Jameson, Esq., Hessle, 4th. The class for
twelve incurved blooms brought forth thirteen exhi-
bitors. Mr. Green was again isl, Mr. liulmcr 2d, and
Mr. J. Browshow, Toll Gavel, Beverley, 3d. For twelve

728

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1S84.

Japanese, Mr. Green again defeated his opponents,
being closely followed by Mr. Bulmer and Mr. Mitchell
respectively. For six Anemone-flowered varieties, Mr.
Morton, Darlington, was ist ; Mr. R, Falconer Jame-
son 2d, and Mr. F. W. Jameson 3d. For the best
six reflexed blooms, Messrs. Mitchell, R. F. Jameson,
and F. W. Jameson, were respectively ist, 2d, and 3d,
For six blooms, any variety, distinct. — Mr. Mitchell ist,
Mr. R. F. Jameson 2d, and Mr. F. W. Jameson 3d.
Messrs, Bulmer, F. W. and R. F. Jameson, respec-
tively, were successful for the prizes given by Mr, E. P.
Dixon, Seedsman, Florist, &c,. Queen Street, Hull.
The amateurs' classes were well contested, but
space will not permit a detailed account. For the
best group of Chrysanthemums interspersed with
foliaged plants Mr. Bulmer was ist ; Mr. Cottam, Hall
Gate, Cottingham, 2d ; and Mr. Strickland, gr. to
Lieut. -Colonel Sauer, Elgin Villa, Hull, 3d ; Mr. Har-
land and Mr. Read extra. Mr. T. Smith, Murton, near
York, won the premier prize, given by Messrs. Laverock
& Goddard, Union Street, Hull, with twelve well grown
specimen plants ; and this gentleman and Messrs.
Bulmer and Wilkinson, gr. to Mrs. Ross, Elloughton
Lodge, Brough, canied off the rest of the prizes in
this section. The classes for bouquets and dinner-table
decorations were fully well contributed, and were of the
usual interesting character.

Veovil Chrysanthemum.— One of the latest
additions to the rapidly-increasing list of anturan shows
is that at Yeovil, Somerset, and November 11 last was
the day of its inauguration. Although the schedule was of
very modest dimensions, the entries of Chysanthemums
numbered 165. Many of the exhibitors were evidently
novices at competition, as the blooms were far below the
present average of exhibition quality. This, however, was
made up for by the excellence of several of the trays,
which included splendid contributions from Mr. Thomas,
gr. to Mr. Wilfrid Marshall, of The Elms, Staplegrove,
Taunton, who took ist honours for incurved varieties,
Japanese, and any variety, with grand specimens of the
leading sorts. Mr. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork, took
the lead with a tray of six incurved and six reflexed, several
of the blooms being of fine size, colour, form, and finish.
The bouquets and vases displayed considerable taste, and
attracted much attention. The Chrysanthemum plants
were not very good specimens of modem culture.
Those to which the ist prize was awarded had evidently
been potted at a very late period ; they were fine plants
and well flowered, but leggy and short of lower foliage.
The collection of fruit was large and varied. Messrs. J.
Scott & Co., of Merriott, contributed about 200 varieties
of Apples ; and Mr. W. C. Pragnell, of Sherborne
Castle, sent an excellent assortment of table fruit. The
local exhibits in this class were unusually good. Grapes,
Pears and salad brought many entries.

Devon and Exeter Horticultural Society :

Ncni. 21. — A very successful exhibition was held in the
Victoria Hall, Exeter, in aid of the funds of the Society.
No prizes were offered on this occasion, but the re-
sponses from exhibitors to the proposals of the promoters
were unanimous. The hall was completely filled with
exhibits of superior merit. Never was seen in the " Ever
Faithful City "at this period of the year such a grand
display of fruit and flowers as on this occasion. Groups
of plants were arranged round the hall, with five large
tables occupying the centre the length of the room filled
with Apples, Pears, Grapes, Pines, &c., and cut blooms
of Chrysanthemums, &c. The two principal local nur-
serymen— Messrs. Veitch and Lucombe, Pince & Co. —
added very materially to the exhibition with large collec-
tions of plants, fruits, and cut flowers. The success-
ful result has induced the committee to recommend
to their subscribers the advisability of holding an annual
Chrysanthemum and fruit exhibition, which, judging
from the recent patronage, no doubt will obtain good
support.

Massachusetts Horticultural. — The annual
Chrysanthemum show was held on November 13 and
14, and was certainly the best exhibition ever made by
the Society. The Society's large hall was filled with fine
specimen plants and cut flowers of Chrysanthemums.
The largest exhibitor was Dr. H. P. Walcot, one of the
best amateur growers of Chrysanthemums in this coun-
try. Among the seedhngs shown by him President
Parkraan is the most noticeable. Dr. Walcot says " he
has no trouble in raising seed if the house is given up to
the plants. The formation of seed commences in every
house, but it is only perfected in a dry atmosphere. The
house must be aired thoroughly, and the plants never
syringed but kept dry ; still more to prevent the collec-
tion of moisture at the base of the flowers he cuts off the
petals." Among the many varieties shown by him we
noticed the following, viz.. Belle Poule, Freycinet, M.
Bayer, Princess Meletia, La Vogue, Lord Wolseley.
Mr, J. L. Gardener showed La Charmeuse, which is the
finest plant shown in the whole collection, and took the
ist prize for a single specimen of the Japanese class. Ex-
President Marshall P. Wilder made a large display of
named plants in pots, which were remarkably well grown.
Mr. E, W. Wood showed a large collection and was
awarded 3d prize for specimen plant John Salter, and
2d prize for specimen plant pompon Golden Emile. Mr.
J. O. Bruce, of jamain Plain, exhibited a large collec-
tion of named varieties in pots. Mr. Edwin Rewkes, of
Newton Highlands, took the ist prize in the class of
twenty-four sprays of Japanese varieties. He also took
the ist prize in the class of twenty-four sprays pompon.
Mr. Fewkes also^exhibited some seedlings of great merit,
Messrs. Hallock & Thorpe, of Queen's County, New

Jersey, showed a large and fine collection, of seedhngs
and other flowers. Mr. Edwin Sheppard exhibited a
collection of new Pelargoniums of a large size and most
brilliant in colours. Many other fine collections were
shown by various contributors. Of Orchids shown we
noticed Dendrobium formosum, D. giganteum, Saccola-
bium Blumei majus (two plants of different varieties),
Odontoglossum grande, Oncidium Papilio, a yellow
variety, the most singular one shown, indeed it has never
been shown here before. Mr. H. Hunnewell exhibited a
splendid plant of Cattleya exoniensis, and Mr. David
Allan, Cypripedium Fairrianum (first time on exhibition).
Mrs. P. D. Richards, West Medford, Massachusetts, con-
tributed a large collection of wild plants, all carefully
named. We noticed plants in bloom which are quite
rare for this time of the year (Nov. 13). Large displays
of cut flowers were made by many contributors.

Sfltins 0f 500b.

The Australian in America. By J, L. Dow, M.P,
Melbourne : Leader Office.

Mr. Dow, who is a member of the Victorian Legis-
lature, visited America at the special instance of the
Leader, a Melbourne newspaper. He traversed the
continent from the Pacific to the Atlantic side, from
the Canadian frontier to Cincinnati, New Mexico,
Arizona, and back to California, a distance of some
10,000 miles, in less than three months, " After see-
ing America, an Australian's opinion of his own
country is greatly enhanced. The Australian conti-
nent is just about equal in area to the United States,
but in Australia the soil is richer, and there is more
of it rich, while the only part of America that can
equal the Australian climate is California. The
grandest thing about America is its people. Their
enterprise is extraordinary, and even a transient
visitor becomes infected by it." After a just tribute
to their other virtues, especially to their hospitality,
Mr. Dow goes on to describe in epistolary form the
general characters of the country traversed, the
system of local government, the agricultural fea-
tures of the several States, and other matters of
interest to the farmer and cultivator. These letters
are capitally written, and convey the impressions of a
careful and accurate observer in a very pleasant un-
affected manner. We do not, in fact, know of any
book in which the general reader can gain in such
small compass and with so little trouble such an ex-
cellent idea of the vastness of the resources of America,
and the zeal of her people. It is as refreshing as it is
astonishing to read of the ' ' go-ahead " tendencies of
our cousins across the Atlantic. Fruit growers more
especially would do well to read Mr. Dow's account,
and cultivators of all kinds would be interested in
seeing what the Government Department of Agricul-
ture does in the way of collecting and diffusing infor-
mation. The opinions of a cultivated Australian are
specially worthy of attention, for he, too, is a citizen
of a new country and less prejudiced naturally in
favour of the old-time methods which obtain in the
mother country.

— — A Book about Roses. — Messrs, Blackwood
& Sons send us a copy of the eighth edition of Canon
Hole's popular and pleasant Rose book. With a
view to yet greater success the work is issued in a
cheaper form. Floreat !

British Fresh-water Algce, — Dr. M. C.

Cooke's work on this subject is now completed. The
tenth number contains a list of authorities consulted,
a glossary and index, and fourteen coloured plates.
Messrs. Williams & Norgate are the publishers,

Book Lore. — Mr. Elliot Stock has issued the

first number of a new periodical monthly under this
title. It is devoted to books, especially old books.
Though professedly addressed to a class of book-
lovers to whom the contents of a book are often of
mere secondary importance, the magazine is full of
matter that is of interest to the general reader. It is
noted, for instance, that Hood's " Song of the
Shirt," which appeared in Punch m 1843, was omitted
in the index to the volume, and thus the curious
seeker may be foiled in his search for the origin of
this famous poem. Paper and type of this new
magazine are excellent.

Catalogue 0/ Lilies. — An alphabetical list of

the species and varieties of Lilies, with reference to
Mr. Baker's synopsis, published in our columns in
1875, and to other works, with synonyms and a few

short notes, has lately been published in Ghent by M.
Annoot-Braeckman. The compiler's name is with-
held. Unfortunately, it appears that he did not see
Mr. Elwes' splendid monograph till after the com-
pilation of his list.

Bramble Cloisters. — Under this title, and in

affected guise of thick sugar-paper, with rough edges,
Mr. John Watkins Pitchford has published (Elliot
Stock) a small volume of verse of rather Tupperian
quality, but which manifests love of Nature and con-
siderable powers of observation, degenerating some-
time into something like twaddle, of which the follow-
ing extract may serve as an illustration : —

' ' The donkeys browse,

Kicking, or switching ever-restless tails,
While cattle cropping near with snuffling breath
Lick up the grass, twitching their ears. "

The Origin of Cultivated Plants. — We are

glad to see that an English edition of this useful book
of M. de Candolle's has been published by Messrs.
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. The book was fully
noticed by us on its first appearance, so that all we
need do is to remind the reader that .the work in
question is devoted to an investigation of the original
source and native country of the principal plants cul-
tivated on a large scale for food or for other purposes
The evidence upon which the conclusions are based is
drawn from the study of the botanical characteristics
of the plant, from the known facts of geographical
distribution, from archaeological and historical inves-
tigations, and from philological enquiry. The trans-
lation is well done, and some few additional notes
have been added by the author.

The Gartenjlora. — It is stated in the Garten

Zeitung that this publication, conducted so long by
Dr. von Regel, will in future be edited by Professor
Engler and Inspector Stein, of the Breslau Botanic
Garden.

GARDEN PALMS.

iContintted from p. 596.)

Brahea, Mart. — Only four species are included in
this genus according to the Genera Plantarum, and of
these two, possibly three, are cultivated at Kew.
They are near allies of the Thrinaxes, to which genus
the young plants have a striking resemblance. When
fully developed the Braheas reach a height of 30 feet,
the trunk being^rather thick, smooth, annulated, and
is surmounted by a head of fan-shaped leaves, of about
7 feet in diameter. The blade is divided about half-
way down into numerous segments, which are again
split at the top ; the rachis is rather short and stout,
with a few short spines along the margins. Fruit, a
succulent drupe, about as large as a cherry, the peri-
carp yellow, wrinkled when ripe and sweet to the
taste ; seeds round, smooth, pale brown. Cotyledon
simple. Being natives of the mountains of Mexico
these plants will thrive in a greenhouse.

B.dulcis, Mart., " Palma dulce " (Thrinax tuni-
cata, Hort. ; Livistona occidentalis, Hort. ; Corypha
dulcls, H. B. K.).— Mexico.

B. lucida, Hort. — Hab. ?

B. nobilis, Hort. Rollis.— Hab. ?

B. glauca, Hort., is Erythea armata, S. Wats. —
Other garden Braheas are included under Washing-
tonia.

Calamus, Linn, (including Dsmonorops, Blume),
" Rattan canes." — A very extensive genus, which
is confined chieHy to Tropical Asia, a few being found
in the tropics of Australia and Africa. With only a
very few exceptions the whole of the species, number-
ing about 200, are climbing in habit, some of them
growing to a length of several hundred feet. The
graceful character of all the species when young has
led to many kOf, them becoming (popular for garden
purposes, thirty-seven species being represented at Kew.
Unfortunately, there is a very close similarity in the
leaf characters of many of the species, which renders
it often extremely difficult to distinguish them from
each other. Such at least is the case at Kew. It is
possible that errors in nomenclature in regard to this
genus originated when the young plants or seeds were
first introduced. At present it seems impossible to
identify some of the young Calamuses at Kew with
mature characters of the species they are supposed to
represent, though it would be difficult to prove what
they really are in their present juvenile state ; as, for
instance, we may take the plants known at Kew and

December 6, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

729

elsewhere as C. 6ssus, C. palembanicus, C. Jenkensi-
anus, C. Lewisianus, C. melanochcetes, C. Oxbyanus,
C.'periacanthus, and several others. These are hardly
distinguishable from each other, so far at least as ihe
young plants here go, and any of the names might do
for any or all of them. Some of the species, such as
C. ciliaris, the small hairy foliage and graceful habit
of which are so striking and attractive; C. schizo-
spathus, which has a stout stem and large leaves, and
apparently is not a climbing species ; C. Manni, in
the C'llasnevin collection ; C. australis, C. asperrimus,
and Mr. Bull's recent introduction ; C. tiinervis ; all
have good characters, by which they are easily identi-
fied. Where every one of the 200 species is, so far as is
known, graceful enough and beautiful enough to
deserve cultivation as ornamental foliage plants, it is
unnecessary to make selections. They are all dis-
tinctly tropical, and prefer a shaded position in a
moist atmosphere. Both overhead and at the root
we tind abundance of water good for all the Cala-
muses. Many of the species produce their ttems in
tufts, which may be divided into as many separate
plants as there arc stems ; C. ciliaris shows this
character soon after its first stem has reached a
height of 2 feet — a circumstance which renders the
propagation of this species much quicker than is usual
with the majority of Palms. The stems of Calamuses
are slender, and are clothed with the persistent
bases of the leaves. The leaves are pinnate,
graceful in form, segments generally narrow, acumi-
nate ; on old plants the rachis is prolonged into a long
whip-like cord, furnished with recurved hooks by
means of which the stems are supported and enabled
to climb. Every part of the plant is covered with
spines or spiny hairs, the former being often strong
and tlatlened like knife-blades. The fruits of Cala-
muses are globose or ovate in shape, and are charac-
terised by a pericarp formed of numerous overlapping
scales, which are hard, smooth and shinning and
generally dark brown or yellowish. These scales give
ihe fruits an appearance not unlike the cones of Pines.
The seeds are enclosed one in each fruit (rarely
two or more), and are hard and rugose ; they vary in
size from that of a marble to a pigeon's egg, and in
form there is about the same amount of variation.
\'oung plants assume a graceful character soon after
germination, the first leaf being pinnate.

C. aasfcrsiis, Elume. — Java.

C. anJamanicttSy Kurz, — Andaman Islands.

C, aspcrrimnSy Blume. — Java, Assam, and Chilta-
gong ?

C. auslralis, Martins (C. obstruens, F. Mueller). —
Tropical Australia.

C. caUcarpits, Griffith, — Malacca.

C cahUpis^ Miquel. — Java.

C. lilian's, Blume. — Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

C. cochin-chirtensiSf Hort. Linden. — Cochin-China.

C dcUcaiuIus, Thwaites. — Ceylon.

C. crectus, Roxburgh. — Siihet, &ic.

C. farinosus, Hort. Linden. — Hab. ?

C. /fssiis, Biume. — Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

C fiagcUum, Griffith. — Sikkim Himalaya and
Assam.

C. floribiindus, Griffith. — Upper Assam.

C, hcteroidiits, Blume. — Java.

C. hystrix^ Martius. — Malacca and Java.

C. yenkemianus, Griffith. — Assam, Sikkim Hima-
laya.

C. latifoliiis, Roxburgh. — Chittagong, Burma, &c.

C. leptospadix, Giifliih. — Khasia Mountains, Sikkim,
Assam.

C. Lewisiamts^ Griffith. — Pcnang.

C. marginal us, Blume. — Borneo.

C. vieianoihirUSy Wendland. — Java.

C. moHfaniis, Anderson. — Sikkim Himalaya.

C. MucUcri, Wendiand. — Tropical Australia.

C. Niiolai, Hort. Rollisson. — Hab. ?

C, Oxbyanits, Teysmann and Binnendyk. — Hab, ?

C. pachvstfinofuts, Thwaites, — Ceylon.

C. paUiiihanlcus, Blume. — Sumatra.

C. pcriacanthus, Miquel. — Sumatra.

C Rolang, Linn. (C. Roxburghii, Griffith.).—
Bengal, Assam, Coromandel.

C. Royleanus, GriftiLh. — Tropical Himalaya.

C 7-udentum, Loureiro. — Java.

C. schizospathus^ Griffith. — Sikkim and Khasia
Mountains.

C. tenuis, Roxburgh. — Siihet, Assam, ..^c.

C, iriihrous, Miquel. — Sumatra.

C, ttittetvis, Hort. Bull.

C. viminalis^ Willdenow. — Celebes.

C. Wightii^ Griffith.— Deccan.
{To he continued.

Law Notes.

SiiREwsnuRv Assizes. — Spi-cial Jury — Calver
AND Another -■. Eyton and Another. — Mr.
Francis Calver, nurseryman and seedsman, of Ludlow,
sued Messrs, T. Slaney, Eyton, and another, bankers
and brickmakers, of Shrewsbury and Ludlow, for
damages caused by the defendants permitting certain
noxious vapours to pass over his nursery, and for an
injunction.

Mr. Jelf, Q.C., and Mr. H. D. Grune, were
counsel for the plaintiff; and Mr, Matthews, Q-C,
and Mr. A. T. Lawrence, represented the defendants.

Mr. Jelf, in opening the case, explained that in
1S72 his client took over the business of a Mr. Cox
in Ludlow; in 1S7S, wishing to extend his business
he rented a piece of land near to the brick-kilns. The
defendants had not got the necessary appliances for
disposing of the smoke arising from their machinery,
but it went straight over his client's ground, and was
doing, and had done, irreparable damage to the
young trees.

At this stage his Lordship suggested that the
counsel engaged should try and settle the matter in
dispute.

After a long consultation with their respective
clients, Mr. Jelf announced that they had arrived at
a settlement. The had agreed to withdraw the case
and to refer it.

The hearing of the reference took place on October
3 and 4 and 20 and 21 in the Council Chamber,
Ludlow, before Mr. B. Wooldridge, of .Stourbridge,
as arbitrator, and Mr. N. C. Neville, of Birmingham,
barrister, as legal assessor. Mr. H. D. Greene
appeared for the plaintiffs, and Mr. A. T. Lawrence
for the defendants. A great many witnesses, prac-
tical and others, were examined on both sides.

The arbitrator has now made his award. The
defendants are to pay the sum of ^31 \y. 4*/. as
damages, to erect a tall chimney before May 1 next,
and to conduct the burning of bricks, i5cc., hereafter in
such a manner as to give ofif the least possible smoke
or fume ; the defendants to pay the plaintiffs their
costs of, and incidental to, the action, reference, and
award, and also to bear their own costs.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, DEt emrer 3, 1884.

Hygrome-

trical De-

Temperature of
THE Air.

ductions

Wind.

Glaisher's

5

Tables 6th

Q

Edition.

-i

a

<

1

I

t£ IS

3-s

g

^2,;J^^

J

J

s

is^

c

"SiJI

u e

i:<

<,

X

is

5

1

So
%

41

i

0

Nov.
57

2957
29 f 6
25. 8 J
25.72
20 55
2g.25

—013
— P.06

+0.08
— o OJ
— 021

— 048

t I
36.510.042.9+ 1-338.7,
34.D13.540.2— 1.434-7 Sijuy^^'^

"Sj W,NW

%i.o 7-033 o

— 6.729 6 80 [W.NW

96 y.sw.

E.

2g o 8-0 32 s — 9-' 3»

32.0, so'34 8— 6,9330 93

31 5 '6 5 •»' o;— 0838.7, g^l

43 5 II 0-19-5 -I- 7-7 44.3 ^5

S. :
K.S.E.

O 00

o.oa
o.co
0.40

0.02

0.09
o.io

Mean 29.63 — o.it j«.o 33.9 10. 1 39.4 — 2335-7

;W.N W o 63

Nov. 27. — Fine; dull day and night.

— 23. — Dull day. Fine clear night.

— 29. — Fog in early morning. Fine day and night.

— 30 — Fog in early morning. Few snowllakes in after-
noon. Rain from 3 p.m. till 10 f ^r,

-Snow fell in early mornirg. Rain in afternoon.

Dull and overcast at night.
-Dri/iting rain nearly all day. Dull cloudy night.
-Drizzling rain in morning. Dull day dad night.

Shght rain in evening.

Dec.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November 29, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea increased from 30. II inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.17 inches by mid-
night on the 23d, decreased to 30.12 inches by
9 A.M. on the 24i.h, increased to 30.27 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 25lh, decreased to 30.25th inches by 3 P.M.
on the 25'-h. increased to 30.2S inches by 9 a.m.
on the 26th, decreased to 30.26 inches by 3 p.m. and
increased to 30.27 inches by midnight on the same
day, decreased to 29 71 inches by 3 P.M. on the 2Slh,
and was 29.97_inchcs by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
was 30.06 inches, being 0.14 inch lower than last
week, and 0.19 inch above the average of the week.

Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 47°. 5, on the 2Sth ; the
highest on the 25th was 37°. 5. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 41^6.

The lowest temperature was 25^.2, on the 25th; on
the 27lh the lowest temperature was 36". 5. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 31°. 3.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
■r3''-5i on the 2Sth ; the smallest was 7", on the
29th, The mean of the seven daily ranges was

The mean temperatures were — on the 23d, 36 ;
on the 24ih, 33°. 3 ; on the 25th, 3i''.3; on the
26th, 37^7 ; on the 27th, 42^.9 ; on the 28ih, 40°. 2 ;
and on the 29th, 35" ; and these were all below their
averages (excepting the 27th, which was 1^.3 above)
^y S"'?! ^".3, 10°. 3, 3°.9, l'',4, and 6^.7 respectively.

The mean temperature for the week was 36°. 6,
being 2^I lower than last week, and 5" below the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo was 65°, on the 27th. The mean
of the seven readings was 58".!,

The lowest readmg of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 20". 5, on the 24th.
The mean of the seven readings was 23*^.1,

Rain.— 0.02 inch fell on the 26th.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending

November 29, the highest temperatures were 52° at
Truro, 50** at Plymouth and Leeds ; the highest
at Sheflield, Hull and Bradford was 47°. The general
mean was 48°. 2.

The lowest temperatures were 22'',4 at Cambridge.
24°. 5 at Wolverhampton, 25°. I at Bolton ; the lowest
at Plymouth was 32°, at Leeds and Sunderland
30°. The general mean was 27". 5.

The greatest ranges were 25". 4 at Cambridge, 24*
at Truro, 22^9 at Wolverhampton; the smallest ranges
were iS" at Plymouth, IS^2 at Bradford, and iS°.5 at
Liverpool and Preston, The general mean was
20", 7.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 49°, at Plymouth 46°. 7, at Leeds
44''.7 ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 40°.5, at Cam-
bridge 40°. 9, at Eoiton 41°. The general mean was
43"- 1-

The mean of the seven low night temperature was
highest at Liverpool, 36^7, at Plymouth 36°. i, at
Truro 35*. 6 ; and was lowest at Hull, 29°. 8, at
Wolverhampton, 30*. 3, at Bolton 30°. 4. The general
mean was ^^°.

The mean daily range was greatest at Truro,
I3*.4, at Hull 12°. 6, at Nottingham 12" ; and was
least at Sunderland, 5°. 4, at Liverpool 6". 3, at
Preston 8". 5. The general mean was lo^l.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 42°. I,
at Plymouth 41''. 2, at Liverpool 39". 7 ; and was
lowest at Bolton, 35°. 5, at Cambridge 35*.7, at
Wolverhampton, 35°. 8 The general mean was 37°. S.

Rain. — The largest falls were I inch at Bolton,
0.66 inch at Truro, 0.53 inch at Liverpool ; the
smallest falls were 0.02 inch at Blackheath and
Cambridge, and 0.08 inch at Leeds, The general
mean fall was 0. 28 inch.

Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing November 29, the highest temperature was 5'°'i»
at Dundee and Perth the highest was 49°. The
general mean was 49^.9.

The lowest temperature in the week was 23". 5, at
Glasgow; at Leith the lowest temperature was 31*,
The general mean was 27". 3.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
40°; and lowest at Perth, 36°. 2. The general mean
was 38^1.

Rain. — The largest fall was 1.20 inch, at Aberdeen,
and the smallest fall was 0.04 inch, at Edinburgh-
No rain fell at Dundee or Perth. The general mean
was 0.24 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Geokge Matthews. — The subject of this notice
we are informed by Mr. Mclndoe, Otago, Danedin,
was one of the old links of gardening celebrity, and
although away from the British Isles, his name has
not been without repute in the columns of the Gar-
dcners' Chronicle . " Particularly I reler to the issue
for June lo, 1S76, where special mention is made of
him in connection with Mr. D. Pressly ; otherwise
in your columns his name will be found in connection
with new and rare Ferns and plants grown here.
The name and character of the man aie well worthy
of record." The following slight memoir is taken
from a colonial paper : —

Mr. Matthews was born in the year 1S12, at Turf-
hill, Old Deer, Aberdeenshire. lie was the son of a

730

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[December 6, 1884.

farmer, and after leaving school was engaged in
farm work until about eighteen years old, when the
natural bent oi his mind toward horticultural pursuits
strongly asserted itself, and he was apprenticed as a
gardener to the laird of the estate of Nethermuir.
Having worked several years as foreman and head
gardener in Scotland and Ireland, he left the latter
country for New Zealand.

He arrived in Otago by the ship Lady Nugent in
March, 1S50, and was for some years gardener to
James MacAndrew, Esq. In 1S56 he acquired the
property now known as Hawthorn Hill, Mornington,
where he carried on the nursery business upon a more
extensive scale than was possible in the city, and
where he resided for about sixteen years prior to his
decease. Like most of the early settlers, he was
ready to grant assistance and advice to new arrivals,
and not a few owe their first knowledge of colonial
life to Mr. Matthews' instruction. Throughout his
career he was distinguished for industry, ceaseless
energy, and enthusiastic devotion lo the higher
branches of horticulture. His love for rare and fine
plants was an absorbing passion, and in order to
gratify his penchant in this direction he visited most
of the great public gardens, as well as many famous
nurseries and gentlemen's seats throughout the
United Kingdom.

Mr. Matthews was indeed one of the worthies of
the old settlement ot Otago, whose number is rapidly
becoming very small. He passed peacefully away
on September 25, beloved and respected by a very
numerous circle of friends scattered throughout Otago
and Southland. Otago Daily Times, Oct. 9.

We regret to record the death of Mr. Stephen

Brown, of the Whitecross Nurseries, who had been a
resident of Weston for the past sixteen years. It
appears that on Saturday morning Mr. Brown was
coming downstairs carrying his business books in his
arms, when, it is surmised, his foot slipped and he fell
heavily against the wall, the fall completely stunning
him. After regaining consciousness for a short time
he relapsed into a state of coma and died on Tuesday
evening.

^nquivtcs.

" He that questioncth much shall learn much." — Eacon.

BouvARiJlAS. — A Yoiin^^ Foreman mo^\x\T&^ Ihe reason
why Bouvardia Humboldti is losing its leaves, whilst B.
elegans, B. Alfred Neuner, and B. candidissima retain
theirs? They were all grown in a cool frame in Sep-
tember, when they were removed to a Pelargonium-
house, and a month ago into an intermediate-house.
The leaves began to drop whilst in the Pelargonium-
house, and have gone from bad to worse.

Lobelia Out of Cultivation. — Can any of your
readers help me to obtain a plant of Erinus Lychnidea,
introduced, I believe, about a hundred years ago from
the Cape, by Kennedy & Lee, and far too charming to
he lost sight of? B. H. Brockbank.

Answers to Correspondents.

Black. Alicante and Lady Downe's Grapes :
T. T. As the one bears fruit and the other does not,
and you give not an iota of other information, how can
we tell the reason?

Books : R. P. Read Platit Life, by Dr. Masters, and
the Chemistry of the Farm, by Warrington, both pub-
lished by Bradbury, Agnew & Co., at a few shillings.
They will give you the information you want. Hogg's
Fr^dt Manual is published at 171, Fleet Street,
price i6r.

Erratum. — In our report of the Birmingham show
(p. 696) it is slated that Pines and Grapes were ex-
cluded from the collections of fruit, whereas they were
the leading feature in all of them. The ist prize col-
lection consisted of one Pine, black and while Grapes
(a dish of each). Pears, Apples, and Raspberries. The
other collections were similar to it.

Flower-pot, &c. : John Knight. We have received
no such articles as you mention. It is never our prac-
tice to allow people to pay for tlie woodcuts we insert
in the editorial columns. In the advertising columns
you can do as you like,

Importation oi- Plants into Germany : W. Green.
The regulations sanctioned by the Imperial Govern-
ment of Germany are now well known. They were
instituted to prevent the introduction of Phylloxera
into the country, and being vexatious, as well as being
practically useless for the purpose, are justly regarded
by our traders as hindrances to commerce. You can
only comply with every regulation or find customers in
other lands. There is no redress.

Muscat and Gros Colmar Grapes : T. T. The
sample of Muscats were as badly shanked as any we
ever saw ; and the other kind was as strong an evidence
of bad cultivation as has come under our notice. The

foliage, and even the shoots, were greatly devoured by
thrips, which swarmed on them.

Mus}iROOMS : A?i Amateur. The best of spawn will
require from six to eight weeks before Mushrooms
push through, and if, as you tell us, the spawn was
twelve months old, you are likely to have to wait in
vain. It is waste of materials and labour to make use
of such old spawn. Get quite fresh spawn. Buy
Wnght's Mnshroams for the A/illion, at the office of
the Journal of Horticulture, Fleet Street — the price is
6(/. — and make a fresh start, and you must succeed.

Names of Fruit: W. Rolles Fryer, i, Dumelow's
Seedling ; 3, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 4, small King of
the Pippins. — G. A. A. P. i, Duchesse d'Angou-
Icme ; 4, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 5, Scarlet Nonpareil.
— C. B. I, Brownlee's Russet ; 3. Scorpion, probably ;
4, Dutch Mignonne. — H. H. H. Not recognised —
some local seedling of no value. — F. B. S. 1, Tower
ofGlamis, fine specimen ; 2, Waltham Abbey Seedling,
more coloured than usual ; 3, Bess Pool, probably ;
4, Striped Beefing ; 5, Fearn's Pippin ; 6, Golden
Pearmain.

Names of Plants: Beddome. Plant from Andes of
South America, Dolichos Lablab. — D. Hakea laurina.
— R. Gray. The plant is Crinum giganteum, and
described in our columns in iS8r, vol. xvi., p. 760. —
H. IV. II' Chrysanthemum segetum. — JosephMur-
dock. Sericographis Ghiesbreghtii.

Pampas Plumes. Mr. Slaymaker, Covent Garden,
sends for our inspection some of the finest plumes
of Pampas grass that we have seen. The panicles are
3 feet in length, densely furnished and perfectly
bleached.

PRLMULA Blooms : Primula. The flowers were
pretty, but very similar to other older kinds — neither
better nor worse. It would be better if you showed
them at the Royal Horticultural Society's shows, and
obtained, if you could, a Certificate of Merit.

Synoptical Flora oi' Europe : C. W. D. There is
no book giving descriptions. Nyman's Conspectus
Flora; EuropacE, with the suppliment, is excellent, but it
is only a list of names, synonyms, and localities.

Worms in a Rhododendron Bed : A Young Fore-
man. Watering with clear lime-water would bring
them to the surface, and should not injure the plants.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt — Novelties of Seeds for

1885.
Putz & Roes, Erfurt, Prussia— Choice Flower Seeds

and Trade Seed Lists.
Howden & Co., Inverness — General Autumn List of

Plants, &c.
Hogg & Wood, Coldstream and Dunse— Forest Trees,

Conifers, Shrubs, and Fruit Trees.
W. Fell & Co., Hexham— Forest Trees and Shrubs,

Conifers, Fruit Trees, &c.
Botanic Gardens, Cape Town — Bulbous Roots, and

other Plants for Export.
Clarke Brothers & Co., Carlisle— Forest and Orna-
mental Trees.

Co:\i.MUNiCATioNS RECEIVED. — A. S. W, (a cut is in prepara-
tion, and will be published Iwhen ready). — A. W.- J, S. —
J, w. P.— A. F. B.— J. Edwards. — P. L. S.-Cestrian.—
J. G. B.— W. Swan.— J. D.— W. W.— J. S.— John Jackson.
— Price's Patent Candle Co.— S. W.— C. A. M. C— T. R.—
C. L.— R. D. — H. W. W.~C W. S.— W. E. G. (many
Ihaoks ; not distinguishable from I. latifolia). — W. F. —
M. D.— E. B.. Pans (no room).— P. J —P. McO.. Cape
Town. — L. R., Munich. — Max Hobein, Schwerin.

DIED, on November 30, at his residence. The Rose
Nurseries, Beeston, Notts, Mr. Henry Frettinoham,
in his sixty-sixth year.

arlvcts.

COVENT GARDEN, December 4.

Heavy consignments of St. Michael Pines arriving,
and prices will be lower. Grapes firmer, with an up-
ward tendency. Kent Cobs belter. Business very quiet.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market,

Fruit.— Average Wholesale PmcES.

s. d. s d.
Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o
Pine-appIes, Eng . lb. 20-..
— St, Michael, each 4 o-ro o
Pears, French, doz. 16-36

s. d. s, d.

Apples, Ja-sieve .. 16-40
— NovaScotiaand
Canaiian, barrel 10 o-a* o
Cobs, per loo lb. . . 60 0-62 6
Grapes, per lb. . . 10-30

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.

Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. .. ..40-60

Beans, French, lb. o 6- ..

Beet, per doz.

Cabbages, per doz. . ,

Carrots, per bun. . .

Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen. . ..

Celeriac, per root . .

Celery per bundle..

Cucumbers, each ..

Endive, English, per
dozen

Garlic, per lb.

Herbs, per bunch .

Horse Radish, bui

10-..

16-20

06-..

10-26
04-..
16-26
06-10

1 o-
o 6-
02-04
.30-40

PoTATOS. — Magnum Bonums, 435. to 70J. ; Regents, 70J. to g
Champions, 45^. to 6oj. per ton. Trade very quiet.

I o-
4 o-

Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..16-

— Cos, each ..02-
Mint, green, bunch., o o-
Mushrooms.p. baskt,
Onions, per busbel .

— Spring, per bun. o 6-
Paisley, per bunch., o 4-
Radishes. per do7, ..16-
SaUify, per bund. .. i ©■
St;akale, per punnet i 6-
Small saladii.g, per

punnet .. ..04-

Spinach, per bushel 2 o-
Tomatos, per lb. .. o 6-
Turnips, bun. ..05-

CuT Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

Lily-of-Valley, spray o 6 ■ r o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60
MiEnonetle, 12 bun. i o- ^ o
Pelargoniums, per 12
sprays .. ..10-20

— scarlet, 12 sprays 06-09
Primula, double, bun. 10-10
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60

— French, per doz. 09-16
Tropasolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-16
Violets, 12 buQ. .. 10-16

— French, bunch.. 16-20

— Parme, French,
per bunch . . ..50-70

Walltlower, 12 bun.. 40-60
White Jasmine, per
bunch ., ..06-10

Abutilon, 12 bunches 3
Arum Lilies, t3 blms. 4
Azalea, 12 sprays .. 1
Bonvardtas, per bun. o
Camellias, per doz .. 2
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 2
— large, 12 blooms o
Cyclamen, 12 blooms o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Euphorbia jacquini-

flora, 12 sprays .. 1
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 9
Heliotropes, 12 sp. . . o
Lapageria, white, 13

blooms .. ..2
— red, 12

blooms .. ..I

0-40
0-60
0-16

(J- 1 o

0-60
o- 2 o
0-60
6-20
3-06
0-60

0-20
o-iS o
6-10

0-30

Plants in Pots —Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 o-iS o
Chrysanth., dozen .. 4 o- g o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracxna termtnatis.

per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o

— viridis, per doz. .12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. .,6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . , . . 6 0-34 o

Ferns, m variety, per

dozen .. ..4 0-18 0

s. d. I. a.

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..3 0-10 o

Hyacinths, Roman,

12 sprays .. ..10-20

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-13 o

Narcissus, paper
while, 12 sprays . . 26-30

Palms in variety,
each .. .. 2 6-2r o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ,. 40-60

Primula sinensis, per
dozen , . ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-13 o

Tulips, per dozen .. 20- ..

SEEDS,

London : Dece?/iber ^.—l^lessTs. John Shaw & Sons,
of 37, Mark Lane, report that the seed market to-day
was thinly attended, and no novel feature, either of inte-
rest or importance, showed itself. The cable quotations
received to-day exhibit a further drop in the value of
American red Clover seed ; for English samples the ten-
dency is also downwards. There is nothing doing just
now in either Alsike, white Clover, or Trefoil. Blue Peas
and Haricot Beans are held on former terms ; of Hemp
seed the arrivals are large, and prices are consequently
easier. Canary seed meets a slow sale.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday the continued light imports
into London assisted prices, and at the close Wheat was
quoted i^. higher on the week. A similar advance was
noted on low-priced New Zealand Wheats, and a partial
rise of 6d. on other foreign white descriptions. Flour
was steadier, but not dearer. Barley ruled firm, and
grinding descriptions were 31/. dearer. Oats were 3d. to
6d. higher than on t!ie previous Monday, with a steady
demand. Mai;;e was scarce, and showed a rise of 61/.
for the week. — On Wednesday the mild weather caused
a little loss of tone, but values of Wheat were in all
cases upheld. Flour was slow ; Barley was quiet. No
change occurred in the value of Beans or Peas, which
met a moderate enquiry. Oats maintained late value,
but buyers acted with rather more reserve. Maize, from
scarcity, was firm, — Average prices of corn for the week
ending Nov. 29 :— Wheat, 30J. 5-/. ; Barley, 31s. 3d. ;
Oats. igs. 4d. For the corresponding period last year :
— Wheat, 405. 2d. ; Barley, 321. 6d. ; Oats, iqj. 5^*.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that sup-
plies were very small in consequence of the rough weather.
Quotations ; — Clover, prime, q^s. to io3j. ; inferior, 465. to
75J. ; prime second cut, gos. to io8j. ; hay, prime, 3o.f. to
90J. ; inferior, 30.^. io6ss. ; and straw, 28j. to 34J. yer load.
— On Thursday there was a short supply. The trade
was dull, and prices were unaltered, — The Cumberland
Market report stales that there was rather a short supply
on ofier, but trade was very dull owing to the weather.
Quotations :— Clover, best, 955. to 1055. ; inferior, ^os.
to 70^. ; meadow hay, best, y6s. to 84^. ; inferior, 50J. to
7o,r. ; and Straw, 24^. to 32s. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports slate
that supplies are more than adequate to demand, and
rates are in some cases easier except for best samples.
Quotations : — Kent Regents, y6s. to 8o-r. ; Scotch ditto.
dS^. to looj. ; Essex Shaws, 49i. to 60^. ; \'iclorias, 70 f,
lo 80s. ; Magnum Bonums, 50^. to 791. ; Champions,
5o,v. to Gos. ; and French, 40J. lo 501. per ton. — The im-
ports into London last week consisted of -lOO bags from
Bremen, 55 from Hamburg, 400 from .Antwerp, 14 from
Boulogne, and 10 from Holland.

COALS.

The following arc the prices current nl market during
the week : — East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Bcbside West Han-
ley, i4r, gd. ; Walls End — Harton. 16s. ; Tync (un-
screened), IIS. yi. ; Helton, iSr. ;Hetton Lyons, lOi. ;
Lambton, 17^^. 6d. ; Wear, i6s. ; Hulani, i6j-. 3d. ; East
ilarilepool, 17^. 3^. ; South Hartlepool, i6j. 3^. ; Tees,
iSr. 3d. ; Binchester, i6,r, ; Hartlepool, 17J.

Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
and Tuesday at 99 to 99! for delivery, and 99^ to 99J
for the account. Wednesday's closing prices were 99J
to 99a for both delivery and the account. The final
quotations of Thursday were 99^ to 99I for deliAery, and
993 to 99J for the account. These quotations are ex div.

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

731

SPECIAL NOTICE

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

FOR

SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1885,

WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTIFULLY

(18 inches by 13 inches),

FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN.

PRICE FIVEPENCE ; POST-FREE, FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ;

OR WITH

ALMANAC MOUNTED ON OAK ROLLEES,

READY TO BE HUNG UP, AND ENCLOSED IN CASE,

SEVENPENCE ; POST-FREE, EIGHTPENCE-HALPPENNY.

Purchasers are specially recommended to order the Almanac in a Case,
TO PREVENT INJURY FROM FOLDING.

The Publisher cannot be respotisible for injury to the Almanac unless it is so protected.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

Asa large Extra Sale of this Number is guaranteed, it will be a very

valuable medium for Advertisements.

APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE SHOULD BE SENT IN AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE.

W. EICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STEAND, W.C.

732

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 1884.

w^^y=

Cucumber Frames.

RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, leady glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England:— £ s. d.
2-Iiehl frame, 8 feet by 6 feet | packine f 3 lO o
3-light frame, 12 feet by 6feet J-(-. r I -j 5 5 o

6-hght frame. 74 feet by 6 feet \ ^^^^^ "^^ ( 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.

R. HALLTDAV and CO., Hothouse Buildersand Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middlelon, Manchester.

DEANE
CONSFRVATORIPS

& co;s

k GREENHOUSES.

The prices t;iven include ERECi'lNG CUiM PLF,TE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within 15 miles of London.
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.

Size i^ft. bygft. .. 20ft. by 12ft. .. 25ft. by 15ft.

Price .. £10. .. £j,z los. .. .^58-

LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size, iofr.by6fl., i2ft.by8rt., 15 ft. by loft., 2oft.byi2ft.
Price, i^tg los. £21 ics. £iq xos. £i,o.

Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE
LOUGH BOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARA-
TUS, complete as shown,
wiih 12 ft. of4-in. Hot-water
Pipe, £i, 45.

The Simplest, Cheapest,
and most Powerful Appa-
. -^— >^™— ratus made. It requires

no brick setting, no ^itokehole and no hot-water fitter for fixing,
and burns more than twelve hou'-s without attention.

Price of Apparatns for houses of anv size on application.
CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

^.Wi

DEANE &
^i^'lf), LONDON

CO.
BRIDGE.

BOULTON & PAUL,

NORWICH,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS.

Conservatories, Orchid Houses, &c.
Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi-
tion or requirements, with curved or straight
glass as required.

Vineries, Greenhouses, &c.

With all the latest improvements, best materials,
ventilation without draughts, and perfect

glazing.

Estimates and Li&ts post-free.

Gentlemen waited upon in any pait of the
kingdom. References to every county in
England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates
prepared for any description of Horticultural
ISuilding. Hothouses of any design estimated
for, and built of the best material and workman-
ship, with strict regard to economy in price.
New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps.

J. BEUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS,

10, GREAT QUEEK STREET, WESTMI^7STER, S.W.,

and LOUGHBOKOUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES

in Wood and Iron.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOGUE,
with Prices, Poit-frte.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.

RTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W H LASCELLES and CO will ^ive tEst mates for
e^ery description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charei*, and send competent assistants when necessary,

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent pojt-free on application.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

Numerous Medals.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON.

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the

Kingdom with Hut-water
^y^ hj-v..^ Apparatus complete.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual
kirds at reduced rales. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiftany,
Tarpaulins, RicW-cnvers, Horse-cloths. Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Piice LIST on application to J BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for covering, packing, &c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices apply to

MARENDA2 and FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Oil Faint no Longer Necessarv-

ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Imnwoik, Wood, or Stone.
i^Re^i tcn-d r,.Ue Mayk.)

H

RUSSIA MATS.

TAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every

f-' desctiption of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiing, Tving, and
Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO
PAPER, RAFKIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND.
COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI-
CULTURAL RE(JIJISITES. Full Descriptive Piiced
CATALOGUE post-tree on apjjticalion.

14^, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole ManuT.if tnrers —

BLAKE & MA0KEN2IE. SCHOOL LANE. LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S
WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHER-
PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial Flower
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's re'iuitiles.
Address ; School Lane. Liverpool.

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
iis genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imit.itors, is fully attested by its consiantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, reqnires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
llattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at iJ, ^d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or \s. %d. per gal na c.!rriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom,

Unsolicited Testimonial.

^' Pin-crfield Park. June zr, 1876.— Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chep-tow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish at the last we
bad, which I candidly admit was the best we every had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— 1 am. Sirs, yours re-
spectfullv. Wm. Cox.

CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particu'arly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishjs now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their con'stantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article,
Every catk is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Eiitrante Gates, itc , sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Erierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow,

Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

'T1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

— made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN '
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or IniectF,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, 'r-r:r'=J

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., iu Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Sreet, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. :
Kingsland Road, E-

Aeents for LOOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also

for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL

BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

/"ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,

v./ for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconic';. &c ,
from 31. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plainer
more elaborate Le ii^ns, with Prices, sent for selection

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders, Kitchtu Ranges, Baths, I'tc. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in ^reat variety. Slates. Cement &c.

F. ROSBER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addtessesabove.

a I L V E R s" AND.

k_? fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
nr Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK I5URRS fur Rockeries or Ferneries,
KENT PE.'VTS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quaiititie-;.

F. KOSHER AM) CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.

A libirral Discuunt to the Trade.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— StidcsTl^-ibels,
Virgin Coik, K;iifi.i, Mais, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Woik, M.Tnnres, S:c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULU go, Lower Thames St.. London, E.C.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
T S M I T H'S IMPERISHABLE
O • STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are m.ide of n White Metal, wiih raised

BLAtK-rACKU IinTKHS.

1 ht Gardener's Ma^azin,- says :— " We must give these ihe
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit,"
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.

December 6, 1884.I

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

733

p nn yn T T -p at F) T) r\ P 0 nr\ Maimjactw-ers oj

jlrjVLjiN DiVUu. & LU. Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS.

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Terminal-end Saddles.

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers.

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c.

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints.

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

NOTE. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

HORTICULTUKAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.

^fe=-5»-_i

ft a
•9 . 6

JAMES BOYD <fe SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HEATING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU MaU, S.W.

HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING BOOMS. HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenlioiises, Peach. Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
aud that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens desired architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, Sec, always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers -waited on in any part oftlu Kingdotn.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.

Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 41. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 6ji. Terminal Holdfasts.

No. 632. (gj p„ joj.

2 2K 3 3K inches.
3rf. \d. 5(/. 7rf. per doz.

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

ij. 9c/., 2r., and 2s. 6d. per 100 yards.
Illustrated CATALOGUES on application.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C^ ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron and Wire Espalier, &c.

MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS.

GALVANISED.

EYES, 7</. perdoz. HOLDFASTS, with

Winders, 7^. per dozen. WIRE, zr. per ico yards.

C A T A LO G U E frtc. Phase tmim tlils paper.

BAYLISS, JONES & 6AYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON' ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street. London, E.G.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in.. 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in ail qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in zoo-ft. and 300-fl. cases.

BAR

" Hand desinam donee perfecero."

R. S. DUN

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

PIPES 2-inch, \s.od.\ 3-inch, \s. ^d.\ 4-inch, \s. ()d. per yard.

ELBOWS 2-inch, i.r. i,d

SYPHONS 2-inch, 2^.0^.

TEES ••• ••• ••• 2-inch, 25. od.

HOT-WATER

3-inch, \s. $d. ;

3-inch, 2s. od. ; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

3-inch, 3.r. od. ; 4-inch, a^- °d. each.

3-inch, 35. od. ; 4-inch, 45. od. each.

A Discount for Cash to the Trade.

73+

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

IDecember 6, 18S4.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Lim cJiar^ed as tivo.

4 Lines

..£0

^

0

15 Lines

B „

.. 0

1

6

16 „

6 „

.. 0

4

0

17 „

7 „

.. 0

4

6

18 „

8 „

.. 0

^

0

19 „

9 „

.. 0

1

6

20 „

10 ,.

.. 0

6

0

21 „

11 ,.

.. 0

6

6

22 „

12 „

.. 0

7

0

23 „

13 „

.. 0

7

6

24 „

11 „

.. 0

8

0

25 ,.

..jCo

o 10

o 10

O 11

O II

O 12

O 12

o 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page >^9 o o

Half Page 500

Column 350

GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words 15. 6<^., and td. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. ^ Advertisers are cautioned
agciirtst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autlwrities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, s^. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

AH Subscriptions payable In advance.

The United Kingdom ; la Months, £,\ 35, lod. ; 6 Months,

lis. lid. ; 3 Months. 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

£1 6s. tot 12 Monihs ; India and China, jQi 8s. 2d.

Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

■W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

<i, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

THOMAS GREEN & SON

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. Blackftrlars Road, London, SB.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron
GRATE BARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS,

With WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS,
which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser-
vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance
Halls, Warehouses, Workshops. &c.
TJuy are the neatest^ cheapest, tnost effective, and durab!e

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating
power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had tlie First and Highest Prize, a Sliver Medal.

Awarded to it at the Royal Hnriicultural Society's E.xhil'icivn^
South Kcuiin^ton, London^ onjune 3, iSSr.

FROlirELCMATION

taHCITurilMAL EGCI I

The Journal of Horticulture of June 9 says :—
" Heating Ai-i-akatus — A great number of boilers, valves,
&C., were exhibiied by eijihl competitors, and considerable in-
terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings
of the diflerent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wiih-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight with the j udges."

The Garden of June 11 says : —
"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It ib a
modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be a powerful and.efhcient boiler, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption
of fuel."

Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application.
Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot-
water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, fiom ^d. to u. 6d, per gatlon.

TH08. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

Tbe Best
;} and Quickest
Hade.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. 3*/. each :

4-in. Socket Hoi-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. fid, each.

Price List on apf-lication,

THE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid. Waterway End Hoiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, and Economyr f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted.

Long.

A, J9 in.

B, 22 in.

C, 24 in.

D, 26 in.

E, sS in.
F,

Price of Boiler
Heat of and *sei of
4-in. Pipe. Fitiings.
150 feet Ls

36 in.
, 42 in.

300
400
500
600
700
850
1000
1250
i6co
2000

6 15

8 5

9 10
10 15

13 15 o

15 10 o

17 5 o

19 10 o

22 10 O

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener of great experience ;— " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best fnr keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in Ui.e of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boileis.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES,
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plaie complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in ihe end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of Us name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet size, ^4 15 ; loofeet size, £,s 15s.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS,

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of ihe Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1

Have been giving unqualified satisfaction more than ..■u years.

Thousands in successlul use.

Posse;rS the greatest area of healing Furface.

Will heat a greater length of pipe with less fuel than any other

hoiier of same size.
Reijuire a shallow stokehole.

Have no joints at the ends of the tubes as inothertubu'ar boilers.
Will last longer than any other boiler

The following Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for
itseif:-

" The Gardens, West Aihdy, Horncastle, Oct. ii, 1884.

"Dear Sirs, — We hive got the boiler fixed fa Horizontal
Tubulas A I Patent Dennis Boiler) and well tried. I am very
pleased with u, both m its working and stoking. It makes the
pipes so hot thai we cannot bear our hands on them, although
the arrangement of the pipes is very complicated. I never
charged it yet more than half full of coke We have another
range of bouses heated with a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and if it wants anything doing to it I will have it lepl.iced
by one of yours. — I am, yours truly (signed) Geo. Mukk^v."
jVew, Kez'ised, and Reduced PRICE LIST, just pid-UJied,
post-free on application,

CROMPTON AND FAWKEh (lormeriy T. H. P. Dennis &
Cn.>, Heating Engineers and Manufacturers, Anchor Wcirks,
Chelmsford (London Office ; Mansion House Buildings),

s"t o V ¥~s^

Terra-Cotta ! Portable !
For Coal !

BOBERTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about it/.,
without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. InusedailyatPatentee's— THOMA.S ROBliKT.S,

1 1 2, Victoria Street, Westminster, S. W.

TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER

J- (Patent)- Great Economy in Time and Labour. Sample
Box, containing six dozen, in three sizes, price 51. Suld by

R. H. and J. PfcARSUN, 141 and 143, High Street, Netting
Hill, London, W. ; and J. W. DAKT, at. Aubin's, Jersey.

SPECIAL G LASS

roR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, &c.

All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application.

T. & W. F A R M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feel boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass in
zoo feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE <fc SONS,

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. John's Street, West Smithfield, London, £ C.

Stock List atid Prices on application. Ouote Chfoniclc.

A NURSERY CARD,

On Rollers for Hanging, 24 by 18 inches, 6d., or on Linen and
Varriish-id, u. 6d. Fiee by post for 7 or 19 stamps.

WHAT TO DO and HOW TO DO IL

Simple Directions for Immediate Treatment in

Twenty Cases of Accident and Sudden

Illness Common to Children.

It provides against :— Bites of Animals, Broken Limbs, Bruises,
Burn;^, Child Crowing, Choking, Convulsioas, Croup, Cuts,
Drowiiine, Fainting, FitF, Nose Bleeding, Poisons, Scalds
Slings, Substances in the Ears, Eyes, or Nose, Swallowing
Coins, Buttons, &c.. Wounds.

PUBLISHED DV

JAMES EPPS & CO.,

48, Threadneedle Street, EC, and 170, Piccadilly, W.
LONDON.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

IS A KICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMEE.

To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farm.

It is Indispensable,

because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-ouiof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.

It is ReUable,

because its Editor and Cotitribuiors aie all experienced Horti*
cultiu^ists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctnes of their teachings.

It is always Seasonable,

because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hii.ts for the wcrk of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.

It is Clean and Pure,

because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers and because all objectionable .-ind qimck
medicine advertisements, as well as everything ihat could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded

from its pages. Premiums.

In addition to all these good things, every yearly subfcrib r
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles ofllered in our
Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Bi:)oks, or Implements.

Sitbscription Price, $s. per year, includitti^ foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-ojfice Order
on New- York or London.

B. E. BLISS & SONS, FubllBhers,

34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK. U.S.A.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE M.^KAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultvu^ work, withsuperb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Fublished since 1865, by F. Burvh-
NicH, F. Pavnarkt, E. RoDiGAS, and H. J. van Hl'i.lr,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mental Ghent. Post-paid, 105. per annum.

H. I. VAN HULLE. Botanical G.irdens, Ghent. Belgium.

Farms. Estates, Resldencee.

Any one dcsiruun of Renting .1 K.-iim or Residence, or
Piirchasiiig an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Cowities
H erala 0(fice, Birmingham." The Muiland Counties Htfala
always cont.iins large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. F.^tates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

r'r HE COfTAGER'S CALENDAR of

-L GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JosEi-H
pA\roN, M.P.

Reprinicd from the Gardeners' Chronicle, with numerous
Alterations and Additions.

Price -^d. : post-free ^J^t/.
Post-office Orders are to be made p: yable to Wm, Richards
at Drury Lane, London. W.C.

Published at the Office of the Gardentrz' Chronicle, 41,
Wellington Street. W.C

December 6, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

735

Now Ready, 8vo. price 2s 6d. ; post-free, rr. q(/.

OFFICIAL REPORT of the NATIONAL
APPLE CONGRESS, held at the Royal Horticiillutal
Society's Gardens, Chiswick, in October, iSSj.

Compiled and prepared by Mr. A, K. BARRON.
London : MACMILLAN S: C( '., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

New and Standard Worka.

New Volume for 1S34, with 7^ (Joloiued Plates, t'^,

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE : Coloured
Plates and Descriptions of New and Rare Plants suitable
for the Garden, Stove or Greenhouse. By Sir J. D. Ht okhr,
CB, F.R.S.. &c. Monthly, with six beautifully Coloured
Plates, 31. ty<i. ; Annual Subicription, 4:^.

THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA: Mono-
giaphs of the British Mouses. Bv R. Braithwaitk,
M.D. Illustrated by Plates of all the Species wuh Micro-
scopical Details of iheir Structure. Part Vlll., Toitulacea;
(Part I.). ^■

SYNOPSIS of BRITISH MOSSES. Con-
tainin^ Descriptions of all the Genera and Species found
in Great Bruain and Ireland. By Chaklks B. HoDKiRK. New
and Revised Edition, 7^. 6./.

THE NARCISSUS : its History and Culture.
By F. W. EuBBiDcr.. F.L.S,, with a Scientific Review
of the entire Genus, by J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S. With 48
beautifully Coloured Plates, 31J.

"Mr. Burbidge has culled from various sowccs a large
amount of valuable or interesting information. . . . It is no
slight boon to have in so accessible a form so large a series of
illustrations." Gardeners' Chronicle.

" We have tested it on various points, and have found it
thoroughly satisfactory in every particular." Gardeners*
Magazine.

FLORAL PLATES, beautifully Coloured by
Hand, 6rf. and \s. eich. List of over icoo varieties, one
stamp.

BOTANICAL PLATES, or Plant Portraits,
beautifully Coloured by Hand, 6t/. each. List of neaily
3500 varieties, thiee stamps.

L. REEVE & 0 0.,

5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGEKE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E- Andre". C. Ballet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ciepin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Deiiterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. j. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Orlgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A, Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem,
H. J. Veiich, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.

This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
\\s., payable in advance.

Publishing Office : 143, Rue de BriLxelles, Ghent, Belgium.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
St the Chief Post-office. Ghent.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS .•—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.

CRICKET and AQU.^TICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn acd engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circnlation throuRhout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount ot information on a great variety of subjects.

SabscTlption In Advance, £1 6s, per Annum.

Single Copies, dd. ; Stamped, -jd.
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ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVtRTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London ....... Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 50, Cornhill, E.G.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street, E.G.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
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Edinburgh.... Robeitson & Scotl, ii, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

^^ Copies of each Journal are filed at the
a^ove Offices for tlte use of Advertisers.

Now Ready.

THE GARDEN ANNUAL
for 1885.
Contains a Complete List ot over 7250 Country Seats,
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the Uniied Kiugd*>ni ; over 800
New Names have been added to the G.-irdener&' List during the
past season. There is also the best Trade List published, cor-
rected to d.ite. Price u., by post is, 31/.

Of all Nurserymen, Booksellers, and at 37, Southampton
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

REPRESENTATIVE WANTED.— A Ger-
man House in the Seed Trade wants a Representative
who is well connected amongst lirsi-class -Sced^m^:Il ui England
for the Sale, on Commission, of Field. Vejet.iMe, and Flower
Seeds. — L. M., 493, Messrs Haasensiein & Voglcr, Adveitising
Agents. Magdeburg. Germany.

HCANNELL AND SONS wish to meet
• with an inlelligent and expeiienred ynuni^ m:tn as
GENERAL PROPAGATOR. — None need apply but those
who wish to settle down and can show that they are of good
character.— Swanley, Kent.

WANTED, for Madeira, an energetic
young MAN, willing to go out to Superintend Fernery,
Vegetable Garden, :ind Large Flower Garden. Plenty of
assistance given, but he will be required to put his hand to
everything connected with the Garden. Salary, ,£50, with
lodging. Passage paid out, but not back before three years. —
JuriN LAING AND CO., Forest Hill, S.E.

WANTED, a good CUCUMBER and
GRAPE GROWLR. Average wages 23s. per week
and cottage. — W. E. DAVIS, Whetstone, Middlesex, N.

WANT PLACES.

*** Onnii'iicrs and otlicrs seeking silualions
arc WARNED to he careful in llieir dealings
uith so-called Horticultural Agents, and arc
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONE Y to any Agent unless they have good
reason to Imow that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.

Thev are also specially advised not to send
ORIGINAL TESMIMONIALS to Adver-
tisers who may be unknown to them, with-
out a special application for the same by letter.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St Juhn's Nurseries, Worcester.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.
— John Downie, Seedsmen, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
G.\RIJENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ^50 to ^100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full paiticulars lo any Nobleman or Gentleman rtquiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

P) B. LAIRD .\ND SONS (successors to the
*J« late Firm of Downie & Laird) can at present recom-
mend with every coi fidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities may be thoroughly de-
pended upon, euher lor Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN, UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM BAILIFFS.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all

^ lifres upon their Register reliable and cimpetent MEN,
several ot whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries bhould be made to 237 and 238. High Holborn, W.C.

GARDENER (Head); age 29.— D. Powell
wishes to recommend a man in the above capacity.
Thirteen years' experience in good gardens.— The Gardens,
Powderham Castle, Exeter.

GARDENER (Head).— /lo Bonus given to
any one being the means of procuring the advertiser a
situation as above. Character and abilities undoubted. Total
abstainer. — N. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

GARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of
Hollanden, Tonbndge, wishes to highly recommend his
Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight
years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on
account of family moving to Town. — For particulars apply to
P. C. HARDWICK.. Esq , address asabove.

GARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—
William Beswick, for nearly five years Head Gardener
at Fynone Boncath K.S.O., Pembrokeshire, desires a re-
engagement, as above. Highest testimonials from Mrs. Colby
(present), and also from previous employers on application.
Address, as above.

GARDENER (Head). —James Hewett
Phillips, Foreman with Mr. Hart, Gardener to the
Earl of Ross, Birr Castle, Parsonstown, Ireland, is at liberty to
engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring his ser-
vices. Experienced in the general routine of Gardening in
large establishment?. Can produce the hiehest testimonials,
which will bear the strictest investigation. — Full particulars can
be obtained on application, as above.

ARDENER (HE.iD), or ESTATE

BAILIFF. — Age 40 ; is now open to re-engagement.
Long and successful experience in all branches. Has held both
public and private situations ; last place eight years. Well
educated, highly recommended, and thoroughly trustworthy,
— G. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

/^ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

V-W two children ; fitteen years' experience both under Glass
and in Flower and Kitchen Gaidening. Good character. —
M. W., Kiddington, Woodstock, Oxon.

(^IiARDENER (Head Working).—

V,^ Thoroughly experienced in Orchids, Siove and Green-
house Plants, Kurciiig Fruits and Flowers, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. South preferred.— J. M. PHILLIPS, Florian,
'I'omiiay.

GARDENER^ (Head Working);^ where
two or three are kept. — Age 36; married. Can obtain
first-cl.isv testimonials from previous and present employers,
with whom he has lived eighteen years —E. FURNACHON,
Blackbrook, PontriUs R S.O , Heielordshire.

C|AKDENER (^ood SECOND, or Third), in
■* a ihnrough good establishment, where Garde rdug is
carried out Miccccssfully ; age 25, — ^^ will be given by Advertiser
to any one procuring hmi a situation as above. He has a general
knowledge of all branches of the pro'ession. Excellent refer-
ences. — W. KICHARDS<JN, Verandah Cottage, Malvern
Wells

C:j.ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY-
-^ MAN, Inside and Out.— Age 24 ; two and a half years*
good character. — H. H., a, Oxford Terrace, Caledonian Road,
Chichester.

To the Trade.

T^OREMAN. — Accustomed to producing in

J- quantity Tea Roses, Bouvardias, Cyclamens, Pelargo-
niums, double Primulas, &c. Well up in Bouquets, Wreaths,
and Floral Decorating in general.— H. KELSALL, Fiances
Street, Cheadle, iManchester.

ROPAGATOK, or PROPAGATOR and

GROWER. — Age 29, single ; well up in Market Work.
Sixteen years' experience. Good character. — BIRT, 4a, The
Terrace, Squirrel's Heath, Romford, Essex.

SALAD GROWER. — Age 30, married.
^ Good Grower and Cutler. \ irst-class references. —
T. K , I, Grove Road, Mitcham.

JOURNEYMAN, in the l?ouses^~in~a^good

f-' establishment —Age :^i ; seven years' practice. Good
references. — K. WADHAM, Rousham Park Gardens,
Oxfordahire.

T OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Kitchen

t-' _ Garden, in a good establishment. — Seven years' ex-
perience in good places. Bathy preferred.— J. D., a. Primrose
Ci-ttages, Brook Lane, Cheshunt, Herts.

roURNEYMAN ;'"age 20.— Edmund

^ Williams, The Gardens, Peasmatsh Place, Sussex, will
be glad to recommend a steady, energetic young man, who has
served three years as an apprentice here. Bothy preferred,—
Addiess as above.

TO GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, &c.
Situation wanted (age 30) ; thoroughly understands
Vines, Peaches. Cucumbers. Tomatos. Character for ability,
&c. — G. , 12, Kerry Road, New Cross, S.E.

AT URSE RY ~ MANAGER (General, or

-^* Indoor). — Twenty-hve years' experience in the various
departments. Good Salesman and Correspondent. Artistic
Horal Decorator, Bouquetist, and Wreathist. — HORTUS,
5, Bowhill Terrace, Edinburgh.

(:i ENERAL FOREMAN, or TRAVELLER.

V-J - G. Blackwood, many years Foreman at Ayr Nurseries,
also at Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons. Edinburgh, and late of
P. S. Robertson & Co,, offers his services as above. Twenty-
three years' experience in general routine of the business. Good
references.— 3, Bowhill Terrace, Golden Acre, Invetleilh Row,
Edinburgh.

Nursery Trade.

CORRESPONDING CLERK or TRAVEL-
LER. — The advertiser is open for an immediate engage-
ment in either of the above capacities. Has had many years'
experience, and can give first-class references as to character and
abdity.-jAS. H. ELPHICK, The Orchard, Reigate.

SHOPMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abiliiies.—
T. H., 50, Frenchwood Street, Preston.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 26 ; eleven years' expe-
rience. Qualified in all branches of the business. Un-
exceptionable references. —W. O , Box 68. Post-office, Chester.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Good
Countei-hand, efficient in Garden andj Farm Seeds, Bulbs,
and the general routine of the business. — R. O., J. Stuart,
3, North St. David Street, Edinburgh.

QEEDTRADE^ASSISTANT— Wanted, by

*^^ a young man. a situation as above, Six years' experience.
Well up in every branch of the Trade. Can be well recom-
mended.—W. BLAIR, Messrs. Young, Oakenhead & Co., Cork.

ASSISTANT to the Nursery, ^eed, and
Horticultural Decorating Trade.— Age 34 ; good expe-
rience. — C. NEWMAN, 2, Moscow Villas, Fairfield Road,
Upper Edmonton.

COWMAN.— Age 40, married, no encumb-
rance ; experienced. Understands the Rearing of Stock.
Could undertake the Management of Land. Wife undertake
the Dairy-work if required. Three years' good character.—
A. F., Greenford (Jreen Farm, near Harrow, Middlesex.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — Though good
health is preferable to high honour, how regardless
people often are of the former— how covetous of the laiter !
Many suffer their strength to drain away ere maturity is reached ,
ihrounh ignorance of the facility afforded by these incomparable
PtUs of checking the first untoward symptoms of derangement,
and reinstating order without interfering in the least with their
pleasures and pursuits. To the young especially it is important
to maintain the highest digestive efficiency, without which the
growth is stunted, the muscles become lax, ihe frame feeble, and
ihe mind slothful. The removal of indigestion by these Pills is
:o easy that none save the most thoughtless would permit it to
^ap the springs of life,

736

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 6, 18S4.

HARRISONS' EARLY ECLIPSE PEA.

The haulm is of a peculiar light colour, only 2 feet in height, the pods of a lively green and well filled, and is the heaviest cropper for an early
variety we have ever seen. The seed is blue, and similar in appearance to the " Kentish Invicta," but it is hardier and even earlier than that
excellent variety.

It was selected by us with great pains about eight years ago from a new kind raised by Mr. Laxton, and sent out under the name of Harbinger,
but after growing the latter we found it lacked that quality which is most essential to all early Peas, viz., a sound constitution, and therefore went
quickly out of cultivation. From close observation we found that there were some among it which might be improved by careful selection and good
cultivation ; and, ha /ing set to work, can say, without hesitation, we have succeeded in producing the hardiest, most prolific, and best early Pea that
has ever been sent out, and which we have thought well to name "Harrisons' Early Eclipse." Harbing-er is described by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society as being the earliest of all Peas, and was raised by a cross between Dillestone's Early and Alpha, the height of the haulm
2 to 2i feet, producing seven to eight pods tightly filled with six Peas, which are of an excellent flavour. In the experiment of the year it was sown
on Fe'bruary 23, the first flower opened on May 9, the plants were in full bloom May 15, slats appeared l\Iay 21, and the crop was fit for use on
June 6. In that year it received a First-class Certificate from the Society. The same Society reports also that though Kentish Invicta resembles
Harbinger, it is seven days later. Since then Mr. Laxton has sent out another new Pea, named Laxton's Earliest of All, but on growing this and
Kentish Invicta side by side with Early Eclipse for the last two years, we find that Early Eclipse possesses a much better constitution, consequently
is hardier. This is a'so the opinion of Mr. Laxton, who is the raiser of both varieties. From the above facts, and the numerous testimonials
received, we say that Early Eclipse Pea is quite a distinct variety, and has no origin with either Kentish Invicta or Earliest of All, as some people
seem to presume it has.

Price, per Btishel, 26s.; per Quart, \s. 6d. ; free by post for 2s.

The following are extracts from Letters received respecting Harrisons' New Early Eclipse Pea, showing its success and superiority
over all other early kinds in nearly every county in England. We shall be pleased to give the name and address of any of
the undermentioned to Customers requiring the same for reference :—

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.— "Your Early Eclipse Peas were about ten
days earlier than Dickson's First and Best, and they suited me belter than any early Peas
I have ever had. Will send you an order in the spring,"

BEDFORDSHIRE.— "Your new Early Eclipse Pea has given the
greatest satisfaction to my customers who tried them last season ; they proved to be
exceedingly early, very prolific, of excellent quality, and quite distinct. Shall require a larger
quantity for the coming season, but will let you koovr early.''

BERKSHIRE. — '* The Early Eclipse Peas I had from you last yea
were the earliest I have ever grown, quite ten days earlier than Kentish Invicta. They
were very productive, the pods well filled, and good flavoured."

DERBYSHIRE. — "Your new Early Eclipse Pea is a very fine one,
worthy to be grown by all Market Gardeners."

DEVONSHIRE.— "I liked your Eclipse Pea very much. With me
they were the earliest of all, bearing a large quantity of pods which were tightly filled
with Peas of fine quality."

ESSEX. — *' The Early Eclipse Pea with me was very good indeed,
being a good cropper and very early ; shall require more when re.idy."

ESSEX. — " I find your new Early Eclipse Pea an early and good
cropping variety. When you are quoting the price per bushel for the coming year, I
should like two quarters of the same stock."

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. — " I am pleased to speak of your new Early
Eclipse Pea in the hierhest terms, and 1 consider that it should rank A i as a quick
grower, continual bearer, combined with excellent qaality."

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.—" I grew some of your new Early Eclipse
Peas, which I liked very much indeed. They are very forward, I grew them .'idc by side
with Kentish Invicta, and they were eight or ten days earlier, which is a deal for an early market."

SOMERSETSHIRE.— "Your Early Eclipse Peas I can fully recom-
mend, as they have proved to turn out well for me."

STAFFORDSHIRE.— " I was well pleased with the Early Eclipse
Peas I had from you last year. It is very early, and one of the very best early m.arket
Peas 1 have seen. What is your price per bushel for next season '.' "

SURREY. — " I have great pleasure in testifying to the excellence of
the new Early Eclipse Pea, it having turned out to be the finest early Pea I have ever
grown. The whole of the crop from the seed you sent I must say turned out well, and gave
every satisfaction."

WARWICKSHIRE.—" I had some of your Early Eclipse Peas sown
last autumn, and gathered some of them on May 23, cut in the open field. They were
the first picked in the county of Warwick, and I have been gathering them up to now (June 1 1\
I consider them the finest and best early Pea grown. My customer would not believe they wcie
English, but I showed him them growing in the field. I hope to plant an acre next autum."

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.—" I like your Early Eclipse Pea very much ;
they suit this soil well. They are .1 remarkably heavy cropper^ ani a week or nine days TX/" ILTSH IRE. — "My CUStomers have nO doubt of yOUr new Early

'» Eclipse Pea being a good thing and superior to Kentish Invicta. We lay high here and
the cold is severe, but 10 sheltered situations it has done splendidly and given great satisfaction."

WORCESTERSHIRE.—" I was very pleased with your new Early
Eclipse Peas. I planted the bushel you sent me on about half an acre of very nice land.
I commenced picking ten days before any other kind, and the first lot I sent away realized \-2S.
per pot of 40 lb. I picked altogether ofT the half acre over 80 pots.

WORCESTERSHIRE.— "I have from long experience a dread of
novelties, but on a recommendation had one peck of your new Early Eclipse Pea as a
trial. They were planted late on land without manute ; they were very regular, I did not see a
sport in them ; I picked 20 pots of 40 lb. each and they were the earliest Peas I picked. I can
venture to say it is the best early Pea of its class. You may send me two bushels for next season."

WORCESTERSHIRE.— "Your Early Eclipse Pea which you sent
me last year gave every satisfaction. I planted various sons but none equal to the
Eclipse, both for podding and quickness. 1 can highly recommend them to anyone."

WORCESTERSHIRE.—" The Early Eclipse Pea I found to be \ery
good and excellent croppers.**

WORCESTERSHIRE.—" I like your Early Eclipse Pea very much.
Please send me another bushel."

WORCESTERSHIRE.— "Your Early Eclipse Pea did well with me
last season, better than anything else I planted,"

YORKSHIRE. — "I like your new Early Eclipse Pea very much, and
think they are a very good Pea for market gardening purposes. '

X^ORKSHIRE. — "Your new Early Eclipse Peas gave me every

-*- satisfaction ; I had a splendid crop."

AT'ORKSHIRE. — "The new Early Eclipse Pea Is an excellent one.

JL I consider them the best early variety. Those I got from you did remarkably well, the
haulm being covered from the top to the bottom."

YORKSHIRE.— "I think it my duty to inform you that your Early
Eclipse Peas were the best, earliest, and most prolific Pea I have had for the last twenty
years. I have never had or seen any to equal them for size and quality. I shall require four
bushels for the next season."

YORKSHIRE. — "I tried your new Early Eclipse Pea alongside five
of the best sorts, and it was ready nearly fourteen days before the others. I am very well
pleased with it, and shall recommend it all I can."

SCOTLAND.—*' One of our customers informs us that your Early
Eclipse Pea was the best early Pea he had ever seen."

earlier than Improved Sangster's No.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.—" I find your new Early Pea Eclipse to be
very early and a good cropper ; shall require more for next season."

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.—" I could not wish for anything better than
your Early Eclipse Pea, as they fill quickly, are very true, and I think the best early Pea
yet introduced."

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.— "I can speak very highly of your Early
Eclipse Pea. What I had from you last year did exceedingly well in every respect, and
shall be glad to have more of them at an early date."

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.— "I consider your Early Echpse Pea an
excellent one, and a good cropper."

KENT. — " The Early Eclipse you sent me I found to be quite distinct
from any other variety, being much earlier and a heavier cropper. I shall not be without
it in the future. My salesman in Covent Garden market wished me not to send him any other
variety till it was finished, as he could make a much higher price of them than the Kentish Invicta."

LANCASHIRE.— "I consider your new Early Eclipse to be the best
early Pea I have ever grown, both for earliness. size of pods, and appearance."

LEICESTERSHIRE.— "The new Early Eclipse Peal had from you
last year were the earlieat and best I have ever grown, and were very true. I shall sow
the same sort again this coming year.

LEICESTERSHIRE.—" Harrison's Early Eclipse Pea turned out very
satisfactory, in fact it proved to be the earliest variety I have ever seen, also very prolific
and of first-class flavour.

LINCOLNSHIRE.— "I was well pleased with your Early Echpse
Pea last year. I found it very early, prolific, and of splendid flavour. I sowed it on the
same date as Day's Sunrise ; they grew side by side, but Early Eclipse was ready to pull more
than a fortnight before Sunrise. I then decided to grow nothing else lor an early Pea."

LINCOLNSHIRE.— "Respecting your Early Eclipse Pea, it has a
true name. In my opinion it has eclipsed all other early Peas ; it is the earliest and mDSt
productive, and stands the winter better than any early Pea I know of."

MIDDLESEX.— "Your Early Eclipse is all that can be desired for an
early Pea."

"XJOTTINGHAMSHIRE.- "Weare glad to inform you that the new

-i- ^ Early Eclipse Pea you sent us last season gave every satisfaction."

"]yOTTINGHAMSHIRE.—"I liked the new Early Eclipse Peas I

-I- 1 had from you last year very much. I sowed them side by side with Sangster's Improved
No. I on the same day, but the Eclipse was ready for pulling just a week before, and a bushel of
them made me double the money as a bushel of Sangster's."

Ctistomers visiting the SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW, we shall be pleased

to see at cur STAND, No. "j^.

HARRISON &, SONS. SEED GROWERS. LEICESTER.

Editonal Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
.1, ■!. w '' "'i-'-'*'" Richards at the Office of Messrs. Pradburv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
tne said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WcJlmEton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturiav. December 6, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— John Hkvwood. Agents (or Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

estaljlisijeli i84i.

No. 572.— Vol. XXII. {s^r'es.} SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1884.

{Registered at the General 1
Pijst-office as a Newspaper. ^

Price 5d.

SUPPLEMENT. jPOST-KREE, sjrf.

CONTENTS.

Agricultural education ..

Alpine plants

AngiKcum Kotschyi

Apple Bramley Seedling
,, Court Pendu Plat

Aristolochia altissima ..

A ter<, iioies on the cul-
tivated .. .. ..

Awards to fruit . .

Beaudesert

Boilers , hor izontal tubular

Books

Borneo, ecoDomic plants

Botanic Gardens, the St.

Peleriiburg
Bous.singauitia bassel-

loides
Britiiih Apples
Cape bulbs

Cattleya crocata rosea . .
Certificated new plants ..
Chiysanihemum Culling-

fordi
Cocaine

Covent Garden salesmen
Cucumber growing
Dendiobiuni Lowii

Dr. Regel

Eaton Hall
Eucharis amazonica
Flower garden, the

Gardeners' Royal Bene-
volent Institution , , 758
Garden work .. ,. 750
Horticultural chemistry 755
Jam farm, a Gloucester 748
Jensenian theory, the .. 759
Kitchen garden, the . . 75 c

Obituary 701

Oncidium bicolor .. 745
Orchids at Birchfield, Fal-

lowtield . . .. ,, 744

Palms, garden
Peach Conklind . .
Potato disease

.. practical notes on . .
Rc^ery, the
Se I borne, Streatham,

Surrey

Self-instruction, schedules

for

Trees, struggles between,

in Danish forests
Tamkatra bark . .
Societies : —

English Aiboricultural

Royal Caledonian Hor-
ticultural

Royal Horticultural ..
Vanda Lowii
Victoria regia . , ..

Weather, ihe
Wild garden, a tropical

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Beaudesert ..

M y House among the Palms . .
Phytophthora infestans . .

• -. 7-f'?
Supplement

.. 757

jVOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS a fid OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should

flow be made payable at

VRURY LAXE.

Now Ready, In cloth, 16s.
'T'HE GARDEXERS CHRONICLE,

I VolumeXXI.. JANUARY to JUNE. 1884.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Sirand. W.C.

n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

J- IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Momhs.

Agent for America :—C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S. A,, to whom American Orders may be sent.

SHEPPERTON and DISTRICT FLOWER
SHOW, iccludiog aJl places wilhin a radius of 6 miles
from Sheppen on Church.

The SECOND ANNUAL SHOW wiU be held on THURS-
DAY, July 2. 1SS5, at Sunburv Court, Sunbnry [by kind per-
mission of Lieut.-Col. W. H. Harfield)— EXHIBITION of
ROSES and other FLOWERS, FOLIAGE PLANTS
ORCHIDS. FRUIT, and VEGETABLES. Special Classes
open to all England. Further particulars. Schedules of Prizes,
and Entrance Forms to be obtained from

ARTHUR E. STEARNS, Hon. Sec.
The Lodge, Upper Halliford, Walton-on-Thames.

SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES.
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milnek. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and

full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address,
where his professional work is now carried on.

THOSE whom it may concern are repeclfully
desired to note the following CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
( From The Royal Norfolk Nurseries, New-
irtUTMr" .«r. rc\ y market Road, Eaton, near Norwich :

twlHljAND l,u.■^.J.^, gj.^ VIEW NURSERIES, HA-
l VANT, HANTS.

FOR SALE, 30,000 Struck Cuttings of GEN-
ISTAS, at 6j. per 100. or 3J. fid. for e.o. Will be sent on
by Parcels Post on receipt of Post-office Order payable at Leyton
Green. Plar.ts, in 5-inch pots. 365. per roo, -js. per dozen.
T. BALDWIN, Sen.. Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leyton.

HYBRID GLADIOLI.- The cheapest and
the best in the Trade. HOOPER'S WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be forwarded on apolication.

HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.

GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant-
mg Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond.
Stirrey.

Expiration of Lease.

SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing
a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be offered at a
nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed.

See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, CarJimrs'
Ckroniclf^ December 6 and 20.

Special Offer to the Trade.
Tj^REESIA REFRACTA ALBA.— 50,000

J- (fifty thousand) extra strong flowering bulbs of the above
offered for sale. General LIST of Cape Bulbs now ready.

ROBT. TEMPLEMAN, Colonial Seedsman and Florist.
12, Castle Sueet, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

Hyaclnthus candlcans.
13UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

J—' Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,

offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000.

HYBRID RHODODENDRONS, all colours
mixed, iH^ozJ^ft., ^oj. too. Hardy Azaleas, fine bushes
in bud, 401. too.— W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster.

For Sale.

RASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black
CURRANT TREES, and Victoria RHUBARB SETS.
Apply, R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

GOOSEBERRY" TREES "and cirtw's
Prolihc RASPBERRY.— Strong 2 and 3-yr. old Lanca-
shire Lads amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. — Apply to
^ VV. WARREN. Worton Gardens, Isleworth, W.

TD A S P^B e"r^R Y CANES.—

-■-^ An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting.
Lowest cash terms on application to
R. BATH, Crayford, Kent.

Grape Vines —Grape Vines.

IRELAND AND THOMSON have a large
and thoroughly ripened stock of the above in Planting and
Fruiting Canes. CATALOGUES on application.

Nurseries ; Craiglellh, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

EAKALE and ASPARAGUS.

Crowns for Forcing. Apply to
WILLIAM BAGLEY. Millshot Farm, Fulham, S.W.

To Nvirserymen. Private Growers, &;c.

ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

SQ U E L C H AND BARN H A m]
Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C, REQUIRE
a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices,
also fine Black Grapes. Tomaios, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c,

QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M,

giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

begtoinform Senders that GARDENI.AS, EUCHARIS.
and STEPHANOTIS are in demand.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden7w^~
have now a demand for Tuberoses. Arum Lilies, White
Bouvardias, good Roses, Chrysanthemums, &c.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To-
matos. Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes.

ANTED, ARUM LILIES, EUCHARIS,

CAMELLIAS, GARDENIAS. TUBEROSES,
CHRISTMAS ROSES, CHRYSANTHEMUM, and othe?
CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Large Consignments specially
Wanted for December ^2.

WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman and Horticultural Agent,
Covent Garden Market, London, W.C.

s

WANTED, TREE BOX, i\ to 2 feet ; must
be healthy and well rooted. State price per loo or
1000 to

GEORGE STANTON, Park Piace, Heoley-on-Thames.

YX/^ANTED, CUT EVERGREENS, for

• » Christmas, consisting of Laurel, Box, Variegated and
Green Holly, berried, &c. Send price per cwt. or ton to
WM. CUTLER. Seedsman. Covered Maiket, Leeds, Yorks.

WANTED, Three EVERGREEN OAKS,
transplanted trees, from lo to r4 feet high and 4 to
5 feet through. One must be at least 13 feet.
R. W., 47, Gutter Lane, E.C.

ANTED, three large, trained. Pine-apple

NECTARINES. State size and price to
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.

B

H English Oak, Spanish Chestnut.

LANE AND SON have a large quantity
• of the above to offer, fine clean grown stuff. 2 to 3 feet,

3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, and other FOREST TREES.
The Nurseries. Beikhamstead, Herts.

QPECIMEN RHODODENDRONS, 8 to

^O lo feet, and as much through, tne property of a gentle-
man. Will be sold cheap. Apply to

JOHN LAING AND CO., Forest Hill, Londoo, S.E.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are
now being booked for the New Varieties of 18S4 at loj.
per doz. ; Cuttings, 1883 varieties, 5^. per doz. ; best Old
Varieties, \s. 6d per doz. Post-free for P,0 O.
R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

Roses.
XT LANE AND SON have a fine stock of

-*—*-• extra strong Standards to cffer, at 155. per dozen, or
purchaser's selection at i8j. per dozen ; Half-fatandards at lai.
per dozen ; Dwarfs, as. and lOJ. per dozen. Descriptive
CATALOGUE free.

The Niu-series, Berkhamstead, Herts.

RNAMYNT^AirTR^ES~"and^HRUBS,

—Conifers. Clematis, and other Climbing Plants Our
new CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and will be sent
free on Application.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, Edinburgh.

STRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit~for
immediate workinE, i^s. per toco, Cio per lo coo.
A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by
ZwoUe, Holland.

Cut Flowers.
"DOSES, CARNATIONS, and other Flowers.

-Lv Prices and conditions to be had on applicanon to

C. KELLER AND CO., Florists, Beaulieu, near Nice. France.

LARCH.— 1,000,000 to offer, Cheap, lifted
last Spring. All strong, with good roots : 3 to 4 feet, 16s. ;

4 to 5 fett, i8j. : 5 feet, 20s. per 1000. Apply

FRANCIS BtLL, Nur^tries. Easingwold.— Nov. 8. 1884.

LOIRE DE NANCY^' CARNATION"

the best white Clove in cultivation, tos, per roo, tij. per
dozen. MRS. SINKINS. the best w(.iie Clove Pick, 30s. per
too, 41. per dozen. OLD CRIMSON CLOVE, 30J. per 100.
4J. per dozen. All strong plants, established in pots.

POUNCE'S Nursery, Hendon, near London, N.W.

A R rTs D^~^F F O D I L S.

Now is the time lo plant these.

Illustrated DAFFODIL LIST free on application.

BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

Tea Roses.
ryiHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

-L CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have ihis season a grand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

To Osier Growers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen.
13 RADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,

J—' now Grow and Cut yearly loo acres and upwards of
OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according
to quantity required.

Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application.

AHLIA TUBERS.— All the best varieties

of the following sections :— Show, Fancy, and Pompons,
Smgles ; also Cactus and Semi-Cactus varieties. Special offer
may be had upon application to

THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London .

,_ Autumn Planting.

'T'HE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY

-L COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have, as usual, an
extensive Stock of healthy, well grown seedling and trans-
planted FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES and
SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c.. special offers of
which will be made on apolication.

P'RUIT'^TREES for SALE.— Favourite

-L Cluster DAMSO.V, Victoria Bu>h and New Orleans
PLUMS. ro.cooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES, Black and
Red CURRANTS, COB TREES, jo 000 ttue DAMSON
SPAWN, 3 to 4(eet.
A. SEAR, Mr. Skinner, East Farleigh. Kent.

Grape Vines and Pansies.
JOHN DOWNIE begs to intimate that he

'^ has now for Sale very strong Planting and Fruiting Canes,
at from 51. to tsj. each ; a'so Show and Fancy Pansies. frcm
one of the finest collections in cultivation, at 4J., 6j., Qs.. and
I2r. per dozen.
r44. Princes Street, Edinburgh.

WELL RIPENED GRAPE VINES.— A

' » few hundred grand Canes for Fruiting and Planting, in
nme leadiog kinds, are offered at very low prices. SEAKALE
selected for Forcing. FRUIT TREES and ROSES. LIST
on application.

WILL TAVLER. Osborn Nursery, Hampton. Middlesex.

738

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, iS

SALES BY AUCTION.

Monday Next.-(SaIe No. 6796.)
BULBS Irom HOLLAND, &c.

MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, iS, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY N tX I, December 15,
at halt-p:4;^t 12 o'Clock precisely, an importation of first cb.ss
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS.
bCILLAS, GLADIOLI. LILIES, and other DUTCH
BULBS in variety, also LILY of the VALLEY in crowns and
dumps, SPIRAEA JAPONICAand PALiMATA, DIELVTRA
SPECTABILIS, &c.

On view morning of pale, and Catalogties had.

Wednesday Next.— (Sale No 6798).
HARDY PLANTS and BULBS in variety.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38. Kinj Street. Covent
Garden, W.C on WEDNEbDAY NEXT, December 17, at
half.past Tz o'clock precisely, iirst-class Standard and Dwaif
ROSES to name from well known French and English growers.
Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES ijf sorts, sevcr.il
thousand BEGONIAS, GLOXINIAS, and CALADIUMS,
CARNATIONS, PICOTEES. DAISIES, and other BOk-
Di'R PLANTS. Ako several hundred lots of HYACINTH.S,
TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, GLADIOLI,
LILIUMS, and other DUTCH BULBS. .&c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6799 )

30G0 LILIUM AUKATUM, from Japan, in fine condition.

200 TODEAS, TREE FEKNS. Stc, from New Zealand.
20to TIGRIDIA GRANDIFLORA, fine roots.

too LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS, and other Palms. &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEX r,
December rS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

THursday Next.- (Sale No. 6799.)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT,
DecemberiS, a variety of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
many of which are in flower, comprising a fine variety of Lfelia
purpurata, a grand exhibition plant of Cypripeduim Manlei
(true) with twenty-one spikes, Dendrobes and Saccolabiuins of
sorts. Odontoglossum pulchellum majus, Aerides purpurascens,
and Masdevallias, Oncidiums, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

THursday Next.— (Sale No. 6799.)
FLOWERING ORCHID=.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. Decem-
ber rS, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a choice (COLLEC-
TION of ORCHIDS in flower, compastng. amongst other fine
things, a grand plant of Cattleya dolosa, with over thirty bulbs :
Houliettia Brockkhurstiaoa, a grand specimen of Cypripedium
Haynaldianum, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Immense Importations from Japan.

15,000 LILIUM AURATUM.

3,500 LILIUM KRAMERI.

2,500 LILIUM LONGIFLORUM.

1.500 LILIUM THUNBERGIANUM.

j,ooo LILIUM SPECIOSUM ROSEUM.

1,000 LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM.
Also Fifty Cases, each containing a COLLECTION of LILIES,
as follows: — Six Lilium speciosum roseum, si.x ditto album,
twelve L. auratum, six L. species, six L. tigrinum, twelve
ditto (double); twenty-four L. Thunbergianum, twelve L.
longiflomm, and four L Leichtlini,

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY, December 23, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutcli Bulbs. -Monday Next.-Flnal Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C, on MONDAY NEXT,December 15,
at hall-past 11 o'Clock precisely, their last consignment tf
DUTCH BULBS tor this season, comprising thousands of first-
class HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS, NARCISSUS,
and other roots from Holland, lotted to suit large and small
buyers. Abiut 700 lots.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues Iiad.

Tuesday and Wednesday Next.
IMPORTANT SALE of the entire COLLECTION of COOL
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late J. S.
Bockett, Esq., of The Hall, Stamford Hill, N. ; Without
Reserve.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from llie Administratrix
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68. Cheapside. E.C, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY
NEXT, December 16 and 17. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely
each day, the entire COLLECTION of COOL ESTAB-
LISHED ORCPIIDS, probably the Blandest lot, both in
regard to varieties and to supeiior cultivation, that have been
submitted to the hammer lor some few j ears past. The collectioa
comprises : —

2500 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRvE,
in fine condition, and containing many suijerb varitt.cs. Also
may be mentioned, among othtr fine things : —

Trichopilia suavls alba
La:lia anceps Dawsoni
Masdevallia Harryaiia, Buh's-
blood vaiiety

,, Chelsoni
Cypiipedium vexiilaiium

,, albo purDureinn
Dendrobium Falconer! majus
Coclogyoe Lemoineana, l^irge

plant
Epidcndrum Imperatoc '7 ' -

Also the Erections of T*

Odontoglossum blandum
„ Alexandrse fastuo.um
,, ,, gultatum
,, ,, excellens
„ mutus, Beckett's variety,

p^t of origioal plant
1, tine hybrid
,, Chestertoni , ((>';irit

,, Andersoiiianum, fine

,, polyxanthum., fine pl;tnis
,, hebraicum, &c.
GREENHOUSES, HOT-

WATER PIPING, and capital BOILER,

The whole of the phnts will be Sold Without Reserve, ard
none will be disposed of previuudy.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mi.
EBBAGE, the Head Gardener, or of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 aad 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Important Sale of about 300 Choice Double Oamelllas

and AZALEA INDICA, compact plants, i to 2 feet,
thickly set with blocmbuas; 400 handsome Standard and
other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONI-
FER/E. EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS,
AMEKICAN PLANTS, wuh ERICAS. DOUBLE
PRIMULAS, DUTCH BULBS, LILIUM AURATUM,
&c,

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above at the City
Auciion Rooms, ^8 and 35, Oracechurch Street, E.C., on
TUESDAY, December 16, at 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Thursday Next.
15,000 LILIUM AURATUM. ROSES, and PLANTS.

TX/fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

IVX w ill SELL by AUCTION, at their Ceniral Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, Decem-
ber 18, at half-past 12 o'l-:iock precisely. i5,r-oo ui usually fine
and fresh Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, and Two Cases of
special LILIES, just received from Japan ; 6co Standard and
other ROSES of the best sorts from an English nursery,
PLANTS in variety from Belgium, 20CO Double African
TUBEROSES, received direct; 1005 fine Berlin Crowns
LILY of the VALLEY. MILLA Bl FLORA, and extra fine
imported Bulbs of LILIUM HUMBOLDTII, hardy Ecglish-
grown LILIES, very large roots, and a variety of BULBS and
PLANTS for the Garden and Gieenhousa.

On view morning oi Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.-lS.OOO Lilium auratum.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at then- Central Sale Room',
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., on THURSDAY NEXT. Decem-
ber 18, at half-pait 12 o'Clock precisely. 15,000 unusually fine
and sound bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. and Two Cases of
speci.^1 LILIES, just received from Japan. Several of the cases
of auratum have been opened and not a single rotten bulb was
found r.nioDgst them, the whole bemg particularly fresh.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.— Very Valuable Importation.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside,
on FRIDAY NEXT, December 19, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, grand importations of ORCHIDS in specially selected
specimen'^.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next. -Orchids from Rio.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT a
very fine lot of Imported ORCHIDS in splendid condition,
brought home by a gentleman from Rio, comprising Oncidium
sarcodes, O. concolor, L^^lia pumila, Buthagtonia venusta,
Oncidium Marshallianum, and Sophronites grandillora.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Orchids in Flower.— Special Sale.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
beg to announce that they have fixed their next Special
Sale of Orchids in flower for TUESDAY, December 23. It is
believed thete will be a good demand for them for Cluistn-.as,
and Messrs. P. S: M. will be glad to receive notice of entries as
soon as possible.

WANTED TO LEASE, about Five Acres of
good GROUND for Nursery Woik, neat a Town.
South Coast preferred. Full particulars to

J. N., Gardtiiers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, London, W. C.

ANTED TO RENT, a SMALL NUR-

SERV, about seven or eight miles from Covent Garden,
to consist of three or four Greenhouses, with Ground attached.
Residence connected preferred, or must be obtainable near.

H. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Oflice, 41, Welliogton Street,
Strand. W.C.

\VrANTED, a good GARDEN, with cTass-

» ' houses. Cottage, itc, on Lease,

H., The Vineries, Nightingale Road, Wood Green, N.

ANTED, a good NEST of SEED

DRAWERS. Stale where to be seen, nuniber, aiid
piic^ to
WiM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldlield Nursery, Altrincham.

FOR^ALE,~a small FREEHOLD^FARM,
1 7 Acr es, situate in parishes of Mordeford and Woolhope.
Immediate pobsessicn, if desired, or present tenant will remain
it desired.
GEO. H. BARLOW, Auctioneer and Property Agent, llerefoid.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, the Lease, Fixtures,
Goodwill, &c., of an 0;d-established AGRICULTURAL
SEED BUSINESS in the South Midlands. To a good
business man, with a capital of about .iisco, the above offcis
exceptional advantages.

For particulars apply to L. H. D., Messrs. Wahe, Nash,
Huggins & Co.. 79, Southwavk Street, London, S.E.

To Business Men witii Capital. ~

TO BE LET, on LEASE, a small FARM,
comprising good House and Buildings, Greenhouse. Hop-
Kilns and Fowl-huu^es. with extensive Business in Bottled and
Cask Cider, together with 44 Acres of most productive Qjchard-
ing and Hop Land ; a few Acres of Tillage and Meadow Land.
1 h* Orcharding is the mo'^t noted for making prime and bottled
Cider of any in Herefordbhire. More Isnd if requiied.
GEO. H. BARLOW, Auctioneer and Property Agent. Hereford.

To Cut Flower and Fiuit Growers, and Florists.

Surrey, 37 miles from London, and wiihio easy distance of
Two ImpfJitant Towns.

TO BE LET on LEASE, a compact and
wtUe-tablished NURSERY, compri^ing's Acresof Lmd,
f.tven well built Greenhouses, detached Cottage and Sheds.
I.e.ise 19J2 ye.^is, tent only ^50. The houses are fullystocked
with good saleable plants, and to effect a speedy sale the low
piice of £,-n\o will he accepted for the Stock and Lease.

Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, London, E.C.

JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural

f ' SuNDKiHS, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berk:ihire Pottery

Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite.

Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1854.

w

s

TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Gl.\s5, White Le.\i>,
Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchaf; rs,
43, Commercial Street, E.

PALMS. — Strong splendidly foliaged Latania
borboDica and Seaforthia elegaus, 12 inches high. 41. per
dozen : same kinds. 20 inches high, 20 for 20J. Sample plant,
ij. vl., cairiage paid.

COOMBS, p3, Stamford Hill, N.

0 BE SOLD, ASH, HAZEL, QUICKS,

and Black CURRANT TREES (bl.ck Naples). All
transplanted and good. Only wholesale customers need apply.
B. SLOCOCK. Upton Court Farm, Slouch. Bucks.

OMTE DE BRAZZ.'^, new Double White
VIOLET. 500 nice stocky plants to dispose of, jor. per
100, for Cash.

A. D. HEALEY, North WsUham, Norfolk.

For Sale.
ANGSTER'S No. i PEAS, all hand-picked.

For Sample and Price apply to
JOS. TOWERS, Sedgebrook, Graulham.

APPLE TREES.— About 200 Maiden Apple
trees, containing .'eventeea new and good &oit'5 ; amucg-t
them are Queen. Mr, Giacstone, Duchess of Olcenijurg, and
Domioo. &c. Will take 15s. per dczen, or will sell bed. Apply 10
J. TAYLOR, Post-office, Fordham, near Soliam.

"\nOLETS. -^WANLEY WHITE (syiT

V Count Brazza) and MARIE LOUISE. Plants in 5-inch
pots, full of buds, gs. per dci;en ; smaller, 7^. per dozea ; frum
ground, f>s. per dozen. Rooted plants, by post, 2s. 6d. per
dczen ; cuttings, 91/. per dozen, the la'-t two post free.

H. CANNELL and SONS, The Home of Fiowcrs,
Swanley, Kent.

SEAKA.LE lor Forcing — Superior selected
large roots, (jm. per loco. A remittance to accoHipany
all order?.

ALFRED ATV/OOD, Market Gardener, 50. Shiilingtou
Street, Battersea, S.W,

LUles Of tlie VaUey.

TJANNOCH has on hand, for immediate
• delivery, about i6o,oco strong Berlin Crowns for Forcing.
Sample and price on apphcalicn for six stamps.

The Lily Nursery. Dersineham, Norfolk.

irfRLOWER's!— Buy of the Growers. The

Advertisers are now offering Rom^n HYACINTHS,
EUPHORBIAS, POINSETTIAS, for Christmas; LILY of
the VALLEY and TULIPS in sorts. Write lor price 10

TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hill
Nursery, Allerton, Liverpool.

Rhododendrons.
TRELAND and THOMSON have a mag-

J- nificent collection of all the finest named varieties covered
with flower-buds, also many thousands of Seedlings Hybrids
and Ponticums- Samples and Prices on application.

Nurserips : Craigleith, Comely Kauk, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

Forcing Asparagus.

r> AND G. NEAL beg to ofter the above
*• by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and tians-
planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also
beg to call theattention of Nurseryman. Eudders, and others to
their exceptionally fine stock ot FRUIT, FOREST, and
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.

The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL LILIES

AT LOW PRICES.
L. DALMATICUM the black Martagon, one of the rao^t
striking and at the same time (ree growing ; two sizes,
IS. 6d. and ■'s. 6d. eacli.
L. CARNIOLICUM. the orange-scarlet Martagon, a rate

beauty ; two sizes. 7,j. ard is. (d. each.
L CANADENSE RUBRUM, an " aristocratic" beauty, li.

and i^. 6d each.
L. HARRISII, the finest white Trumpet fl^nver, for pots, iu

existence ; three sizes, ts., is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. each.
L. LONGIFLORUM, splendid white Trumpet, ftagiani, and

very hardy, 6r/. each.

L. AURATUM, golden rayed Lily of Japan ; three sizes, *)<i.,

is. and IS. 6d. aech.

All common varieties in stock. See CATALOGUE.

33 per cent. di>iCOunt when at lea^t six of one kind are taken.

All carriage Iiee. Now is the best time to plant.

HOOF£R & CO. GOVBNT GARDEN. LONDON, W.C.

COLCHESTER ROSES

Have been made famous all over
the World by

BENJAMIN E. CANT,

The Old Estaulished and Cf.leurated

ROSE GROWER,

COLCHESTER.

WINNER Of the CHAMPION CUP of tho NATIONAL
ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS la SUCCESSION.

Every description of plants are the finest
possible that can be grown, and the Tea-
Scented Roses especially are the most splendid
plants ever seen.

CATALOGUES, poat-flree, ou application.

Dkcemeer 13,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

739

L ILIUM AURATUiM.— Good, plump, sound
Bulbs. 6i., Qi., V3S , iSj., and 24^, per dojKii ; extra
blrong, 30J. and 42.^. per dozen. All ciher ROod LILIES at
cqualiv low prices,

Mr. WiLLlAM BULL'S Esublishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Koad, Chelsea, London, S. W.

Giapo Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (Jobn Cowan). Limited, hcive this season a grand
stock of Grape Vines, stiitable for Frniiing in Pots and Planiiog
in Vineries. CATALOGUES hce on .vpli^^'^t'on* I'he Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool.

Notice of RemoTal.

"[VrUTTING A.ND SONS bt^ to give notice

X ^ that owing to the expiration of the lease ol Co, Ijaibican,
ihey have removed to more excensive premt'es,

106, SaUTHWAKK STREET, S E ,
where ail communicitions ^hnild be addressed.
NUTTING AND SONS, WMcsale Seed Merchants,
IxmdoD. S £.

HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 4:0

varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plunt-s purchaser's
■election, 2j. dd, per doieo, i6j, per loo ; cuttings, ij. 6(/. ptrr
dozeo, \os. per ico ; W. t.'s selection, cheaper. For the ncvv
English and ConiineutAl varieties see CATALOGUE, wilh
Essay rn Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe.
K«ac.

To ttio Trade,
SEED P O r A '1' O s.

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
• LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can
be had on appMcatior. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, and ihe piices arc very reasonable.

Seed Growing EsiabiishuLei't. Wisbech,

Aquatics.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest Colleciicn of above in the country, and can supply
llAidy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo shuwy varieties,
Irom 50J. j^g^y CATALOGUE now ready.

Ex-^tic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey, S W.

P E C I A L OFFER.

ROSES, Statidard, Half-Standard. Gloire -^c Dijon

(dwails), Goi.iiral Jacqueminot (dwarfs).
LARCH. I to 5 feet.
SPANISH. 210 6 feet.
ALDER. 2 to 4 feet.
HAZEL. 3 to 4 feet.
FIR, Scotch, I fool.
MANETTl STOCKS.
■ WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS.
Prices on applicaiioD.
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries. Chertsey.

A~NDRE LEROV'S Nurseries, at Angers,
France, the largest and ricliest in Kurope in Collec-
tions of FKUIT and ORNAMENTAI, TREKS, SHRUUS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, lid Honlleur, about 2j. dd. per ico lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal E.\hibition at Paris in 1878.
Orders must be addressed to Messis. WATSON AND SCULL,
gT, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

To tlis Trade.

EAST LOTHIAN .STOCK.—
Purple, White, Scarlet. New Crimson, and White Wall-
flower Leaved. All saved from the piurcst strains. Pfices on
applicaticG.

IRELAND AND THOMSON, Seed V/arehouse, 20,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

ILIUM AURATUM.— Our first importa-

tion has arrived in Bulbs of magnificent size and quality,
supetioc even to most homegrown bulbs. For prices see our
LIST, No. 71, p- r. Also frt m Japan, in extraoidinary size
and splendid condition, LI LIU M HAn"SONI, CONCOLOR,
CORIOION, EXIMIUM. BATEMANNIA, KRAMERI,
COKDIFOLIUM. LONGIFLORU.M, fol. alb. marg. Send
also for our Special Offers of GLADIOLI. IRIS, and NAR-
CISSI. A consignment of New Zealand FILMY FERNS just
arrived.

NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester.

To tlie Trade.
HOME-GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.

HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give
• Special quolatiors of all the principal varietiei of
VRGETABLEand FIELD SEEDS they have grown and are
offering this season. Their stocks are very pure, quality excel-
lent, and prices very low,

^eed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

OrcMds.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at piesent a grand
stockofDKNDROBIUMS. in variety, and other East Indian
ORCHIDS, also C-A-TTLEVAS and othervaluabic ORCHIDS
from South America, and they are constantly receivicg fresh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

FECIAL CHEAP O F F E R,—

ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, O.-iK (EngUsb), PRIVET ovahfjlia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
1 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to ro feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong r SYCA-
MORES, 3 to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, t}^ to 2
feet ; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to 9 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted.
IVIES in variety. LAURELS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to 5 feet ; RETINOSPOK.AS, in sorts, t to 6 feet ; Englkh
YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff; AZ.\LEA PONTICA, i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other plantinff,
&om r inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants; Cunning-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA.
&c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke.on-Ticnt.

SPECIAL OFFER

OF

OKNAMBNTAL XBEE3 and SHRUBS,

ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

.'\11 well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER OHAS. SLOCOCK,

(Joldworth "Old" Nursery,
WOKING, SURREY,

CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ALBA,

The WHITE Jackman's Clematis,

is now in bloom. All interested in this, the
most valuable introduction of modern times,
should come aud see it. Book to Sunningdale
Station, South-Western Railway, and ask for

NOBLE'S NURSERY.

SPECIAL CULTURE 01'

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

T!ii llbtsircted and Dcsalpthe CATALOGUE c/ FRUITS

poit-free.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts,

A SPECrALITY.

RhododendrGns and other American Plants,

Chrown in Sandy 1/oam.

A superb Collection of all the leadinf; Varieties in Cultiva-
tion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTI-
CUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverls.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30^.

These plant*, being thus prepaied, may be grown in any
orcinary fibrous loam, without the expensive addition of peat
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHPf CRAN3T0N,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to
„ laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.

,, Hodgios', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.

., myrtifolia, ditto. ^mauy thousands,

,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
,, Variegated, of sorts, :{, 4, 5,6, 8 to lott.
„ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to tj feet

in circumference.
,. Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautilul specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, ten to filleen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6to ?feet. many thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to ro feet, thousands.
,, Golden, ot all sizes up to ro feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
,. Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds. [thousands.

CUPRkSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 to 3 feet,
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRAT.\, 3, 4, and 3 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, to

10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, a, 3, 4, and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.

., Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
,, DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands.
,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
„ HOOKERIANA. 3 to 5 feet.
„ PARRYANA GLAUCA, 1'^ to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS, 5t0 7feet.
„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds.
,, NOEILIS, ii4 t03 feet, thousands.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to lofeet.
„ PINSAPO, 6 to ro feet, hundreds.
,, PUNGENS, iH to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.
,, LIBANI [Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundrcdf.
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to s feet, hundreds.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3to 6 feet, hundreds.
„ PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

FOR SALE, Two KILLARNEY FERNS,
different species, in Stands with Bel! glasses complete.
Apply to
GEORGE E. R. MANDERS, ,32, Thomas Street, Dul.liii.

ABIES DOUGLASII, i-year Seedlings,
l6j. ftd, per icoo, fine, from native seed, olTercd by
W. BAXTER, Inverness.

FOR SALE, a quantity of good strong
ASPARAGUS ROOTS, for forcing.
R, KIRK, Gardener and Horist, Acomb, near York.

HRISTMAS TREES, fresh7 well-furnished

Plants, ij^ to 6feet, from 12s. per too, OAK, 2 to 6 led.
SCOTCH UK, fine, extra ttanspl.inted. i% to6feet,
W. GROVE, Nursei-iiuin, Herefoid.

JRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex-
tensive and healthy stock of seedling and transplanted
Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Elm. Austrian Pintj,
from 6 in. to zj^ ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Somce,
Laricio, Beech, Thorns, Maple, Oak, Poplars, Thorn Quick,
Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. Special offers on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edmburgh.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS MKTHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above Intermediate Stocks
in five colours. Scarlet, Purple, White. Crimson, and Snow-
white, wall-IeaveJ, in packets, \s., 2s. 6d. and 5s. each colour.
Price to the Trade on application.

15, Princes Street. Edinburgh.

fJOSES.— ROSES.— ROSEsT^Korty choice
^ Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 2rjr. : pur-
chaser's selection from 300 best vari-^ties. List of names on
application. Twenty ch->ice Standards, or Half-slandards, zis.
JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exctfr, Devon.

To the Trade Only.

X^ERNS — FERNS — FERNS.
Adiantum cuneatum, A. traptztfornie, A. pracillinnim,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata varic,|ata, Pteris sen ulat.i
cri^t.ita Cowatii, P. serrulata ; nice plants in Go's, zos. per ico.

Adiantum cuiieaium. A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme. in 4 and
4I4 inch pots, 4or. to sor. per joo, according to size ; Adiantum
Pacotti, in 6o's, 3'?^. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4J4 inch pots, 50*.
per 100.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, GaraLon,
Liverpool.

TDASPBERRY^^CANES.— A large number of

-*- ^ the celebrated Carter's Prolific (see Mark Lane ExPre^s,

August I, iSSi), to dispose of; also Naples Black CURRANTS, ■

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apply to

A AND E. BATH, Colgates Farm, Sevenoaks, Kent.

"Tlie Oxford Roses."

GE O R G E PRINCE begs to offer the
following twelve choice varieties of Hardy TEA
ROSES on the Cultivated Seedling Brier, all grown and
budded in the open air. Price, packing included, ^zs. ; —

Alba rosea
Amazone
Anna Ollivier
Catherine Mermet
Etoile de Lyon
Francesca Kruger

Jean Ducher
Mad. Lambard
Marie Van Hontte
Souvenir d'un Ami
Souvenir a'Elise Varden
Wm. A. Richardson,

Also twelve varieties (G. P.'s own selection) from his un-
usually magnificent stock of Teas, packing included, los.
14. Market Street, Oxford.

Extra Strong Fruiting Vines.

HLANE AND SON have still some of the
• above to offer, equal in strength to those they have
been so successful with for many years in taking the First Prizes
at the leading Horticultural Shows.

The Nurseries, Berkhamstead, Hertf.

HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,

Birch, Alder, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity 10 be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY. Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst.

STe NEW YELLOW ROSE,
HYBRID PERPETUAL,

GLOIRE LYONAISE.— This extraordinary variety is the
finest Ruse ever sent out in the Trade, Ir has been obtained by
artificial hybridisation of the Rose Mme. Falcot with Baronne de
Rothschild. This variety will be a fioe one for Market purposes.
The Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscription at, per
1 Plant, r5j. ; 6 Plants, ^^4 ; i dozen Plants, £j.

2000 Plants are for disposal, but as already many orders are
subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to
do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon run
out. Direct orders to

L. TAILLET. Horticultnrist and Nurseryman,
CHatenay, Seine, France — EstabUshed 1827.

M. L. Paillkt takes the opportunity of this Advertisement to
offer, at a very low price, more than 70.000 ROSES of every
description — Standards, Half- standards, low budded on Manetti
and Brier roots. Fine splendid lot of ROSES on own roots,
i-yr. and 2 yr, transplanted. More than ao.coo MALM AISON
and other good leading sorts are for sale. Also an immense lot of
MANErn STOCKS, LA GRIfFERAYE, and BRIERS,
i-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted, are offered for sale. Price will be
sent on application.

CATALOGUE, printed in English, also sent on application.

Choice Vegetable and Melon Seeds.

R GILBERT'S Productions are all stamped
• with the Hall-maik of Superority commonly called
First-class Certificates. CHOU DE BURGHLEY, is. 6d per
packet; UNIVERSAL SAVOY, zs. td. per packet ; GlL.
BERT'S BURGHLEY PET M ELON, which doe^ not canker.
3-year old seeds, ■zs. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied on liberal
terms.— Apply to R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
Stamps wilh oider. Post-free.

Roses and Fruit Trees.

IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an-
nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially
fine and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE
with prices on application.

Nurseries ; Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edinburgh.

740

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884.

Kent: The Garden of England.

300,000 Trees to select from.

THE ROYAL

NOEFOLK

SEED

ESTABUSBMEHT

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885,

The Earliest and Best In Cultivation.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW.
From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge.
" I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March ay, and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All
March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has
proved what its name implies for earliness, productiveness, and
flavour."

From Mr. T. Notlev, The Gardens, Stoke Hall,
Stoke Holy Cross.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one.
1 planted at the same time and by the side of Day's Early
Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier,
the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized
Peas in each."

Height 2 feet, and very prolific.

Price, 3^. (>d. per quart, -zs. per pint, \s. ^li. per half-pint.

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA.

The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation.
Height ij^ to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality.

Should be sown now.

Trice, 3,1. 6d. per quart, 2i. per pint, is, ■^d. per half-pint.

Free per Parcels Post to any address.

/^

Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
NORWICH.

GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,

IN SPLENDID CONDITION FOR REMOVAL.

WOOD & INGRAM'S

f_,ENEKAL DESCKIl'Tni;

CATALOGUE of NURSERY STOCK,

FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES,
HARDY CONIFEROUS and TAXACEOUS PLANTS,

Evergreens, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
HARUY CLIMBERS, ROSES, &c..

Is now ready, and will lie sent free on application.

TO PLANTERS OF FOREST
AND OTHER TREES.

k Seed Co.

Cranston's Nursery

(LIMITED)
Have splendid stocks of transplanted and well-rooted

LARCH FIR .. ..I to ij feet.

. , ,, I J to 2 feet.

, , 2 to 2^ feet.

., .. 2i to 3 feet.

.. 3' to 3J feet.

. . . . 4 to 5 feet.

SCOTCH FIR .. ..2 to 24 feet.

., ,, .. , . 24 to 3 feet.

THORNS 2" to 2i feet.

,, .... 24 to 3 feet.

&c., &c.,
and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a

list of requirements.

Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.

CATALOGUES on application.

THE NURSERIES, HUNTINGDON.

A BRANCH AT ST. NEOTS.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY it SEED CO.

(LIMITED),

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.

1884.— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOW READY.
One is devoted exclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CRtJCUS. GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c., and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERY, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

f^UTBUSH'S MILL-

V^ TRACK MUSHROOM

SPAWN Too well known to require

description. Pnce 6s. per bushel
{is. extra per bushel for package), or
td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
|l WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
(Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N.

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY "FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Paionies, Violets, Hollyhocks.
New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

TliB strongest, Healthiest, and Finest Plants

ever offered.

STANDARDS and HALF - STANDARDS,

best sorts, i8j. per dozen, 120s. per 100.

DWARF STANDARDS,

i2f. per dozen.

DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES,

gs. per dozen. 60s. per 100.
A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free to applicants.

F R A N K C~A N T,

THE ROSE GROWER, THE MILE END NURSERIES,

COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 First Prizes for Roses. Customers are
respectfully invited to come and select their own Plants.

PAMPAS PLUMES.

We have just received a very large consignment of the
above, the finest ever imported, and we are in a position
to offer them at very low prices. Prices on applic[ition.

J. SLATMAKER,

CENTREAVENUE.COVENT GARDEN MARKET, W.C.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUB (Price IB.), containing 75 Illustra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas. valuable *' Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets : double
varieties, 2/6 and 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6
,, 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

Francis & Arthur
Dickson s Sons.

106 Eastgate St.& fup^T^pp
TheUpton Nurseries VilL O 1 iLilX.

FOREST TREES.

Many lUlUions.

Stout, Hardy, Famously Rooted.

FRUIT TREES.

50 Acres.

Pronounced by all who see them —

" The best In the Kingdom."

EVERGREENS and ROSES

and all other Trees and Plants.

.ALL Of SPLEXDID QU.MITy.
NURSERIES OVER 200 ACRES.

Write for CATALOGUES, Gratis and Post-lree.

C/7 ^- 0aXm^^'

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELD (a SeedUng).

The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Certificate. Royal Horticultural Society. 1883. Strong
Canes, 151. per dozen, li =,s. per 100 ; * feet Fruiting Canes,
qs per dozen, i,i per 100. Usual allowance to the Irade.
A. FAULKNOR,
INKPEN, HUNGERFORD.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers of
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c, 10/6, 15/-, 21/-, 25/-. 30/-, and 42/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, i:c., ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill. S.E.

FORTY ,

Opna-

ACRtJJ. 1

mental

REES

(ues .PosLFree .

IfHEAL&qONS

V«l^ Crawley , .%3 Sussex.

FRUIT &
Forest^

^ Priced Catalogues .PosLFree .

S* THE OLD ESTABLISHED

NURSERY. SEED &IWPLEWENT BUSINESS

Quality variety & extent
\\r/FORFST ' FRUIT

V< i ALU OTHER

^FV TREES&PLANTS^

^^^toses^^esj'^

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

jAMESDiCkSONxSONS

"NEWTON'NURSERIES .

— CHESTER

Lalne's
Rose
Trees.

CO.

JOHN LAING

Rosea for Removal in

November. Per dox.

Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and ai/.

H.ilf-Slandards ,, , iS'- r. i8j.

Dwarfs „ .. i. ■• 9^- » »"•

Our selection of above Perpetuals.

Vigorous growth, welt-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

December 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

741

LI LIU M AURATUM.

JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT & BEALE,

In addition to their \isual importations from the JAPANESE
GROWERS, have received a limited consignment FROM
ANOTHER SOURCE, which have also arrived in splendid
condition. They are in every respect equal to the FINEST
ENGLISH-GROWN BULBS on offer elsewhere — measuring,
on an average, 31 to 4 inches in diameter, and firm as if only
just taken up from the ground.

TO THE TRADE — Price, per dozen and 100 on application.

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

First-class Novelty.

GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES.

I have the gratification to ofter my
respected bretheren in the Trade a
novelty, which cannot be too well re-
commended, and that fulfils the long-
expressed wishes of the Gardener.

The Gloxinia gesnerioides is the
result of a cross between Gesnera
Donckelaari and Gloxinia hybrids, and
unites completely the best character-
istics of these two species. The
variety comes quite constant from
seed. For Seeds and Tubers, please
apply to

H. G. TRENCKMANN,

SEED GROWER,

Weissenfels, Germany,

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1S04.)

Rill RQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle.
DU LDO Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ^''^^ll-^^i'^f'—

STANDAliDS. I -J. per dczen, fsi per ifo.
Packing and Carriage Free lor Cash with Older.

rnUI Iw V/t" 3,CrGSy andkrndoftreeatlowprice?.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) 'i%''iVri

TREES. FLOWER JNG PI AN IS (Zs per doztn, so..
per 103), FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'v'i

r CONSER-
t^\j\J\Jj v'ATORY,

FORCING, &c., iSi. t0 36i. per dc?en.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4^. per dozen, 25.. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES forcing, xbs.io%^^x'^.

\/IMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V I ll Co 31. (>d. to loi. id. each.

PI CMATIC WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
vLCIVIn I 10 and DOUBLE, isi. to 2+r. per dczen.

Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on of plication.

LAUREL, ROTUNDIFOLIA, the hardiest
and best Laurel, 1^3 to a feet, ^5 per 1000. SCOTCH
FIR, fine.al^' to ^ feel, ^t-j^per icos. Oiher trees cheap,

rminster.

e.al^ to ■\ feel. -v^-s. per icos. Oiherln
W. IAOKSON, Blakedown. Kidderm

CHICHESTER ELMS.— 50 splendid, for
Parks, i8 to 2d feet.

PICEA NORDMANNIANA— 12, from 4 to

5 feet in height, .ind the same across.

Ilttndiotne specimens and fine roots,
REECH, Avenue — 4 dozen, fine, well-rooted,

16 to 18 feet.

LARCH — 5000 or 6ooo, excellent, well-rooted,

5 to 6 leet.

Straii(hl, clean, and good,

FOB SALE, CHEAP. - Apply to

ROBT. F. DARBY,

THE NURSERIES, CIRENCESTER.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.,

^d. per bushel ; loo for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-busheI bags, ^d. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. M. per sack
S sacks. 25J. ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks
\d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. u. tjd. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton, 261. per ton , in 2-bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, tj. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, Si. bd. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith's Street
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and ail Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circutars, with fult particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GABSTON, LiIVEBPOOL.

PPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— 40 sacks,

■2S, dd. per sack ; 30 ditto, -zs. q//. ; ao ditto, is. dd ;
5 ditto, 45. 6d. ; sacks td, each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards,
us. per yard. For Rhododerdrom and common purposes, 14J.
per ton, not less than 4 ton« ; sample sack, 9s. 6d.

LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM. &c.

See Special List, also for the Trade.

Ringwood, Hants.

UREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-

secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded Diploma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh.— Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER. FOWLER and CO., Finsbury Street. London. E.G.

(HVtJI MIUI-H'L

GARDEN

. per bush, (sacks included).

REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4.? 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for ao*.

PEAT, best black fibrous .. 3s 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 151,

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 55. od. ,,

LOAM, best yellow fibious .. ^

PREPARED COMPOST,best(.„ ,

LEAF MOULD, best only .. i ""

PEAT MOULD ,. ..J

SILVER SAND, coarse, is. ^d. per bush., 12s. half ton, its. ion

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8a'. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . Sd. lb., 28 lb. i8j.

TOBACCO PAPER ,. (Sp^cialne) 8^. lb., 28 lb. iBj.

MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack. . 5^. per biishel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2J. per bu^b., 6^. per sack.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process).
sack-, IS. each ; 10 sacks, 91. ; 15 sackb, 13^. ; 20 sacks, 17^. ;
30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 305. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,
3ot. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
backs only, ts each. Terms, strictly Ca^h with order,

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAtL. LONDON. E.

12- oz Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c —
I5ROWN Fir.ROUS PlCAT. best quality fnr Or hiJs
Stove Plants, &c ,^66j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT,
for Rhododendrons. Az.^leas. Heaths. American Plant Beds, 15-1.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bae, jj ; 1^ Hags, 22^ fd. ; 10 Hags,
45J. Bac*; included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s 6rf. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coaise or F.ne, 53J. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Fatiiborough Station, Hams

K~ EEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND ^and
BLIGHT DESTROYER. -Be^t winter dres^ne for
Pearh Tree^. &c. No painting nor wa&hine required. Syringe
as direrted with Keel'.- Inseciicide, wonderful rt-su'ts— destroys
all HIilHi— imparts 10 fljvourto Fruit — c'ean, heaMhf, and very
cheap. Send order's ear'v to W, G. KRF.I.,. Newiou-St. 1,'e,
near Bristol (Ute Keel & Hawes, Bath); or to Nurberymeii,
i mpties to Baih Station.

742

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884,

To the Horticulturists and Gardeners of Great Britain,

GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

AUGMENTATION OF PENSION FUND,
{he object of which is to increase the Amojint of the Pensions. Only £i,2o are now required.
This a^noimt {£\io) must be collected before December %\, or the Institntion will lose the

^^_^^^ ^ _. _^ _ ^ . or tne institution wiii lose me £500

promised on these conditions by an anonymous donor. An earnest appeal is therefore made to all those
interested in horticjtltural pitrsuits to send their donations at once.

GARDENERS, do not he afraid to send yonr shillings {or your guineas) ; evejy little will help, and
the smallest dotiations ivill be thankfully received by

Dr. MASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41 WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.

DONAT

Ptr Mr. OWEN THOMAS, Head Gardener, Chats-
worth, and Mr. SWAINE Cashier to the Duke

of Devonshire ^40 19 ''

THIRD LIST.
Mis. MARKHAM, Tapton House, Chesterfield .. s » o
GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Esq., Victoria Street,

Manchester 220

Mr. CHAS. WALLS, Grantham Hall, West Hartle-

Dool 0100

CHAS. MARKHAM, Esq., Tapton House, Chester-
field o 10 o

BOTHY MEN, The Mote Park o 10 o

BOTHY MEN, Ingeslre Gardens, Stafford .. ..050

BOTHY MEN. The Gardens, Castle Howard, York 060

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hurst & Son) 5 5 0

Mr. H\TCH 100

Mr. W. RICHARDS i i o

Dr. MASTERS 220

A. G. E 200

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Burv St. Edmunds i i o

Mr. R. FARRANCE, Chadwell Heath .. ..050

/><■>■ Mr. W. COLEMAN, Eastnor Castle Gardens .. 51 14 6
(SIXTH LIST).
Per Mr. T. SPENCEK. Goodrich Court, Ross :—
Mr. J. SPENCER, West Bank. Ledbury .. .. o 10 o

Mr. T. SPENCER, Goodrich Court o 10 o

Mr. J. M. BAN^ERMAN, Monmouth .. .. o lo o
H. C. MOKFATT, Esq., Goodrich Court .. ..100

Miss BERNARD, Oveiross o 10 o

Mr. J DREW. Goodrich Court Gardens .. ..026

Mr. H POWELL, Goodrich Court Gardens ..026

W. D(jWDE3WELL, Esq., Pull Court, Tewkesbury i o o

G. THOMAS, Esq.. Hereford 050

Per Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Sherwood Park, Tun-

bridee Wells .. .. .. .. .. ..110

Mr. T. WY.N'NE, Wroxham Hall Gardens .. .. 010 6

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone o 10 6

Mr. R. BULLEN. Botanic Gardens, Glasffow ..100

FOREMAN and UNDER GARDENERS, Botanic

Gajdens, Glasgow .. .. .. .. .. o 10 o

Mr. R. McMillan and GARDENERS at Moreton

House. Bideford .. .. ,. .. .. o 15 o

J. HEATH. Sedgwick Gardens, Kendal .. ..050

W. PICK, W. LOWE, and J. ROBERTSON, Young
Gaideners in the Bothy, Set'gwick Gardens, near

Kendal, 2j. 6,/. each 076

T. BROWICTT, Esq., Coventry 110

C. TWAMI.F.Y. Esq , Ryton-on-Dunmore .. .. o 10 o
Miss FREEMAN, kyton-OL-Dunmore .. .. o 10 o

LUKE DRESSER, Esq, Coventry, pir Mis

FREEMAN i i o

A few FRIENDS, prr F. PRINCE, The Gardens,

Dartrey, Co. Monaghan .. .. .. ..500

Mr. J. BURDEN, Gardener, Barlboro' Hall, Ches-
terfield o 10 6

Mr. W. HUNTER, Foreman, Barlboro' Hall, Ches-

CECIL G. s!'fOLJAMBE, Esq., M.'p., Kirkham ° ' °

Abbey, Yoik ..100

Mr. B. ASHTON, The Gardens, Ki.kham Abbey .. 010 o
A Krirnd, Exiling .. .. .. .. .. . 050

Mr. J. MOON, The Gardens, Mark Hall, Harlow,

Ls.ex .. .. .. .. .. .. ..oyfi

Per 1.. MERRETT, Gardener, Kimpton Hi,o.

Welw^n .. . .. .. o 12 o

YOUNG MEN in The Gjrdens Dover House, Roe-

baniflnn./rr Mr. FORBES o r? 6

T. H. (lAKfc-, Etq 220

Mr, f. WARD, Gadener. Riddings Hou=e, Alfreton,

Derbishiie, icj , and VOUNG MEN in the

THE GARDENERS, Ashby St. Ledgers'Lodge, ° '' °

Rugby o 10 o

YOlINu MEN in the Gardens, Bajners, Penn.

Ain^rsbam .. .. .. .. .. ..076

YOUiNG MtN in the Royal Horticultural Society's

Gardens, Chiswick o 10 G

Mr. JNO. GARUNER. Ebhnm Hall Gardens,

B'igg 050

A. SMllH and A. TURNER, The Boihy, Hend.e

Gardens, Monmoiuh .. .. .. .. ..050

L J 100

'J". LESLIE, The Gardens, Aidarroch, Dumbarton-

THE BOTHY MEN, The (jarden's'. Ardarroch, ° ^ °
Dumbartonshire .. .. .. .. ..050

TWO UNDER. GARDENERS. Idsworth Park ..020

■1 HK liOTHV MEN, The Gardens, Cannon Hall,

"ari.sley 076

JOSHUA SAUNDERS, Esq.. Sutton House, Clifton,

Bri,fjl I I o

IONS ALREADY RECEI

Per Mr. DANIELLS, Swyncombe Gardens, Henley-
on-Thames ;C2 13 6

Per Mr. F. THORNE, The Gardens, Ashgrove,

Sevenoaks .. .. .. .. .. ..186

R. K. HODGSON, Esq 5 ,■; o

G. A. FELLOWS, Gardener, Elmhurst, Batheaston,

Bath 03

J. NEIGHBOUR, Sen., Bickley Park, Kent lo 10

J. NEIGHBOUR, Jun., Bickley Park, Kent ..02

NEMO o ^

C. TEA. The Gardens, Haverholme Priory, Sleaford o 10
J. COWARD and A. OLLERHEAD, The Bothy,

Haverholme Priory. Sleaford
J. WATMORE, Gardener, Grovelands. Southgate ..
A FRIEND, Southgate, />?,- J. WATMORE

Collected by Mr. N. F. FULLER, Idsworth Gardens,
Horndean, at a Meeting of the Committee of the
Havant Chry-anthemum Society

Mr. LOCK. Havant

Mr. ARTEK, Havar.t

Mr. SUTER, Havant

Collected in Boxes at Messrs. CUTBUSH AND SON'S
Chrysanthemum .Show at Highsate

Collected by EMPLOYfZS at the Highgate Nurseries

ANONYMOUS

Mr. J. B. KENDALL, Templeton Gardens, Roe-
hampton, S.W. ..

YOUNG MEN in the Templeton Gardens, Roe-
hampton, S.W. ..

Per Mr. RAPLEV. of Bedford Hill House, Balham :—

Miss BRAND, Bed'oid H)ll

GEORGE EDWARDS. Balham

Mrs. EDWARDS HARVEY, Upper Tooling

ALF. S. WALLIS, Esq.. Balham

STANLEY DENT, Esq , Upper Tooting ..

BERNARD B. PORTEL, Esq

SAMUEL EDWARDS, Esq., Wood Lodge ..

J. BRAND, Esq.. Bedford Hdl

E. M. B., Bedford Hill

M. G. B., Bedford Hill

H. DICKSON, Esq

SYDNEY HARPER, Esq

Mr. JACK BRAND

W. RAPLEY

H. G.

Mr. W. J. MACKEY ..

J- C

J

Mr. H. TOWNSEND ..
Mr. J. WINDLE, Bedford Hill

o 5
o 10

P^J-F. THOMSON, The Gaidens, Norman Court,

Dean, near Salisbury .. .. .. ., i r3

Per Mr. EDWARDS, The Gardens, Babraham Hall,

Cambridge . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 o

o 16

O 2

o 5

The GARDENERS at the Zooloeical Society's

Gardens, Regent's P.ark,/e,- J. YOU MG .. t i

F. N. ADKIN, E:q, Tower House, Belmont Grove,

Lee, S.E. .. . . .. .. .. .. o ro

Mr. A. WISEMAN and the BOTHY MEN, Syon

House Gardens. Brenlfnrd .. .. .. .. o 13

Mr. J. BOWERMAN, The Gardens, Hackwood

Park, Basingstiike .. .. .. .. ..on

THE GARDENERS at the Royal Gardens, Kew,

/^,- Mr. W. WATSON 20

Mr. E. SEMPER, The Gardens, Hesslewood, near

Hull 02

Mr C. CSMAN, S M. D. Schools, Sutton, Surrey o s
Mr. B. EVERI.EIGH, Gardener, 3j. id., and TW(J

UNDER GARDENERS, 21., The Gardens, The

Cottage. Stoke. Coventry . . . , . . ..04

Per Mr. R. GREENFIELD, Priory Gardens,

Warwick : —

THOL, LI,()VI>, Esq , The Priory, W,->rw!ck .. t o

F. W. ACKWRIGHl, Esq , High Eastgatc House, o 10

J BOLDINGTON, Fsq, Solicitor q 10

Mr. R. GREENFIELD. Priory Gardtr.s .. .. 010

Mr. FREDK. PERKINS, Nurseryman. Regtnt

Street. Leamington. .. .. .. . . o 10

Mr. A. D. CHklSlIE, Castle Gardens, Warwick, o 6
Mr. W. IDNES, G. E, HARRIS, aiidj, TKEM.

YuiiDg Men in Bolhy, Priory Gardens, Warwick o s
Mr. LLOYD EVANS. Adverlher OBicc, Warwick.£o 5

Mr, T. WEST, High Easlg.ate House 05

Mr. C. WILSON. Nurseryman, &C 05

Mr. J, MORRIS, Nurseryman, Sic 05

Mr. E. CRUMP, Florist and Fruit Grower, Leam-
ington OS

Mr. EDWD. PERKINS, Avenue Nurseries ..05

Mr. E. DAVIS, W. CKAWFOKD, and W. WELLS,

Young Men in Bothy, Casile Girdens, Warwick, o 4

Mr. GEO. GKUnil, Whitesmith, Warwick 02

Mr. F. LONG. Avon Side, Stratford-on-Avoo ..00

VED : —

Per H, W. WARD, Longford Castle Gardens, Salis-
bury : —
The Lady GERTRUDE PLEYDEL-EOUVERIE,

Longford Castle, Salisbury l^ r o

Mrs. M. A RR. Longford Castle. Salisbury .. ..050

Mr. H W.WARD, Longford CastleGardens.Salisbuiy i i o
TheTHREE LITTLE WARDS. „ ,,..030

Mr. HENRY DUNKIN, Foreman, „ „ .. o 10 6

Mr. CHARLES HATCHER, „ ,,..026

Mr. ALFRED MAPPLE, ,, ,,..026

Mr. CALVIN CURTIS, „ ,,..026

Mr. DC KLEY. Alderbury, Salisbury 026

A FRIEND, Bath 050

The Hon. Mrs. D. P. BOUVERIE, Shirbuin Lodge,

Tetsworth iio

Lady H, BATHURST, Clarendon Park, Salisbury., o 10 o
Mrs. MURLFSS, „ „ „ ..016

Mrs. SENDEN, ,, „ „ .. o a 6

Miss I. BERRKETT, „ „ „ ..020

Mr. A. W. SOWE, „ „ „ ..020

Mr. J. KING, „ „ ,, ,.026

Ml. S. BENNETT, „ ., „ ..010

Mr. W. BUSSKLl , .. „ „ ..010

Miss J. INGRAM, „ „ ,, ..010

Mr. CHARLES WARDE^', Clarendon Paik G.ar-

dens, Salisbury .. 050

Mrs. E. STAPLES. Belm.-raf, Salisbury .. .. 010 o
Mr. John DAVIDSON. BelmontGardens. Salisbury 030
Mr. HAINE>, Cole.hdl House Gardens. Highworth o 10 6
Mrs. I ORRENCE, Noiton House, Warminster ..050
Mr. THOMAS NORTliK-VST, Norton House Gar-
dens, Warminster .. .. 026

Mr. A. HOLl.OWAV, G.idcner, The lawn, Swindon 026
Mr. IAS. READ, See., Him iiRton, Salisbury ..020

Mr. MACKRILL, Soiing Gardens, London .. ..020
Mr. H. MARKHAM, Mereworth Castle Garden--,

Maidstone 050

Mr. THDMAS LUCAS, „ ,, ,,..026

Mr. A. SELLS, „ „ ,, .. o r «

Mr. A. BKOOKER, ,, ,, ,,..026

Mr. WILLIAJI EARP, Hume Tower Gardens,

Bournemouth .. .. .. .. -• -• o 10 6

Mr. JAS.SHONtT.LindisfarneOardeiir, Bournemouth 050
Mr. H. HAWKES, Koyal Bath Hotel Gardens,

Bournemouth .. .. .. .. .. ..050

Mr. H. SWAYNE, Boddenham Salisbury .. .. o 2 G

R. E- THOMSON, Esq,, Petham, near Canterbury t i o
Per W. STEVENS, The Gardens. Walton Grange.

SialT- I 10 o

Pc'- THOMAS GALE, The Gardens, Thorpe Perrow 117 0

G. W. U. 050

Mr, J. MITCHELL, Gaidenfr.4J., and TWO MEN
in the Bothy, Tlie Gavdens. Newmains, Lanark-
shire, 21. .. .. .. .. o fi o

Per THOMAS BARSON, The Gardens, Garboldis-

ham Manor, East Harliog. Norfolk .. .. o 10 o

Mr. W. ELPHINSTONE, The G.ardeiis, Shipley

Hall, Derby IIO

C. TERRY, 51.; R. HEMSTOCK, 2.'. M ; \V.

NICHOLLS, 2i. 6rf. ; G. HOLMES, i<. 6d. ;

W. MITCHELL, rs. frf ; H. BACON, 2s. 6rf.

— Young Men in the I'.othy at Shipley Hall ., 017 6
Mr. W. S. KISSE IT, MonciielTe Gardens, Bridge of

Earn, N. B o ro o

FORKMANandYOUNGMEMinMoncritfTeGardens o 10 o
YOUNG MEN m the COTHY at Lambton Castle

Girdens, Fencehouses .. .. .. .. o to o

G.HARRIS, Grtder.er 016

Per Ur. DAWES, 1'he Priory G.rrden5. Reigate :-

I ady H. Sim ICR'^ET, The Priory I i o

G. t.AR'l KR MORRISON, F.<q , The Oaks .. o 10 o

G. BAKER F,sq., Holmlel.s o ro o

W. H. THE iO, Esq., The Bricks i i o

H. SOMKkS COCKS, Esq., Guard's Club .. .. 1 r o

J. GORIiON, E-q.. The Gables 010 o

CARR SAUNDERS. Eso., Shag Brook .. .. o 10 o

Rev. J. N. HARRISON, Vicar.rge o 10 o

C. C. I.ANOTON, Esq , Hillfield o 10 o

W. BARCLAY. Esq., The Briars 010 o

Countess SO.M ERS, Pont Street, London 1 t o

F. C. PAWLES, R q , Ninlicoto o 10 o

F. BUDGEN, Esq., Reigate o lo o

W, ALLINGHAM. E-q . C'ivcl.ind o 10 o

'I'. S. WAR RAGE AND 00 , Reigate o 10 o

Mrs. HADKIN, R;ig.,te '..050

Mr W DiiRK. R-ig»te o s o

Mr. I HAV.\E, Reigate o .s o

A WKLI.WISIIER, Reigate o s o

Mr. 1. COR DERV, Reigate o ,5 o

Mr. I. LYE, The Gardens, Clyde Hall, Market

T.avington .. .. .. .. ..036

JOHN MACLEAN. Anchenaincs Gardens, Ayrshiie 026
DUGALL) MACLARDV, Achtnames, Ayrshire ..010
ROBERT POLLOCK, Overton G.ardens, West Kil-
bride, Ayrshire .. 026

December 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

743

WM. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the finest Bulbs^ Roses^ Fntii Trees^
Herbaceous Plants, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants^ Trees^ and Shrubs,

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6j. per do/en.

TULIPS, the best for forcing, \s. and \s. 6d. per dc/en, js. to
ics. per loo.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, ij. id. per dozen.

SPIR^F.AS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLEY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS,

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

season, Qf. and i-2S. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6s. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, i^s. and xZs. per doz^n.
ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian, Ghent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, for forcing, \Zs. and 24^. per dozen,
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLARIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid slr.iio, richly

spotted, large flowers, ii, 6rf. per dozen, 1 01. per 100,

from stojes. In smalt pots, 35. per dozen, 20s, per 100.

BtTLBS and PLANTS for the Garden.
HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 21. 6d. per dozen,

i6r. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, 9*/. and w. per dozen, 5^. and 6j.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is. 6d. to ir. 6d. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the iinest and most distinct sorts, as per

CATALOGUE.
,t ordinary varieties, 3J. 6J. to 5^. per 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow. SWEET WILLIAMS,

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACIA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of

colours; ARAEIS ALPINA. AUERIETIAS, ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in large good plants, is. pcrdozen,

•js. per 100; or in small plants drawn from setd-beds,

IS. per 100.
DAISIES, red, white or rose, g'i. per dozen, 41. per iro.
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3?. 6(f. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 255.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

4f. and 6s. per dozen, 30s. to 50?. per 100.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, 3J. ; 50, i2J. 6d. ; iod, 30J.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year

old, 3s. 6(/. per d07en ; 2->ear old, ts. per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS. 5?- per dozen.
DELPHINIUMS and PEONIES, Ss. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs. per dozen.

„ Crimson CLOVE, 3^. per do^en.
LILIES, in fine variety, 3s. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES- our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6j. ; or45J. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to i8s. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, js. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf- trained, for walls,

&c., good trees. 15J., i8r. and 241. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 401. and sor. per zoo : good fruiting trees,

75J. and loci. per 100 ; ilaidens, 30J, per 100,
APPLES, PjTamid, 40?., 50J., and 751. per ico.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 151., iSs.,

aad 24J. per dozen.
CURRANTS. Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8y , lor. and

125". per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, Cs. per ico.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners, 3J. per

100; in small pots, I2J 6d.'ptr ico; m pots for forcing,

25^. per ICO : 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12.J. td.
SHRUBS. Deciduous, lar. and 155. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15s. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of soils, Standards and Pyra-
mids, SOS. and 75J. per 100.
SPIR/EA PALMATA. fine forcing clumps, los., 15^. and 20s.

par 100.
AUCUBAS, v/ell coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 6 to 9 inches,

i6j ptr ICO ; g to iz inches, 20s. per 100,
THORN QUICKS, 15^. to 3or. per ico?, extra well rooted.
OVAl^LEAVED PRIVET, 45. to 12s. per ico.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, 50^. to icoj. per ico,
CLIMBING PLANTS, many kinds, ts., 91, and 12s. per dcz.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful varietj', 6s. and gj.

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHESTER.

SUTTON'S

CHOICE

NOVELTIES,

SPECIAL
NOTICE

V/hy Sutton's Novelties
are reliable ;—

Mfssrs. SUTTON'S Experimental Trial Grounds
— which are frequently referred lo by leading Hor-
ticultural Papers — afford ihq opportunity of ascer-
tainiiig the comparative value of eveiy kind of
Vegerable, Flower, and Potato. These trials are
maile imder Messrs. Sutton's personal superin-
tendence in the most careful and e.vlnustive man-
ner. During 1S83-84 nearly 10,000 plots were sown
and records taken of the results for lului e guidance.

I

SUTTON'S GREEN GEM KIDNEY BEAN.

I Very distinct, and the nio-t prolific Bean
Novfllty. known ; the pods are singularly beautiful and

1 of .superior l1:tvour.

BUTTONS READING EXHIBITION BRUSSELS
SPROUTS.

I The earlief.t and most prolific variety ; un-

Novelty. equalled for exhibition, Buttons large, solid,

I and of delicious flavour. ^_^

SUTTON^ MICHAELMAS WHITE BROCCOLI.

Ccmes in about Michaelmas-day, and de-
Novelty. serves a place in every garden. Heads firm, of
tine texture, snowy-white, massive, and of ex-
cellent quality.

SUTTON'S WINTER MAMMOTH BROCCOLI.

„ .- I Peiiectly distinct, very hardy, with exceed-
^ y* I inely large and white heads of perfect quality.

SUTTON'S
Novelty.

SUTTONS

Novelty.
SUTTON^

Novelty.

EARLIEST OF ALL SAVOY.

Earlier than any oiher vatieiy, with close
and compact heads, which cook particularly

tender and sweet. .^^ ,,

READING ALL-HEART CABBAGE.

The best eacly Dwarf Cabbage known : excel-
lent in every respert.

FIRST CROP CAULIFLOWER

'the earliest Cauliflower in cultivation ; of
dwarf compact habit, with large white heads.

Un'^qualled for forcing.

SUTTON'S

Novelty.
SUTTON'S

Novelty.

SUTTON'S

I

Novelty. I

SUTTON'S

Novelty.

NEW INTERMEDIATE CARROT.

Very early, of handsome appearance and fine
quality. unequaUed for e>:hibition.

CLUSTER ~ CU CUMBER.
The most prolific Cucumber in cultivation.
Fiuit handsome, with small spire, and of fine
qualitv- VaUi:ible for growing in cold frames. _

PURLEY~PARK HERO CUCUMBER

First-Class Certificate R.H.S., Aug. 26, iSS^.
The handsomest variety yet imroductd. Very
productive and of sp'endid quality. The fruit
is of a dark green colour, wiih a rich blnom. _^

WHITE GEM CELERY.

The most valuable and distinct Celery known:
dwarf and compact in habit, pure white stems
and close firm^sticks : solid, heavy, and of a de-
licious nuttv flavour^

SUTTON'S SCARLET INVINCIBLE MELON.

IFifst-class Certificate R.H.S., June 2(3, iSS:;.
The very finest Scarlet-fleshed Melon yet
introduced : of the most distinct charater, me-
iiwYCAKj . I (Jiumsize.fi rm somewhat globu'ar,^ kin orange-
I red, finely netted ; flesh thick, bright scarlet,
I and ot exquisite flivoti'-.

SUTTONS

Novelty.

SUTTONS

Novelty. I

SUTTOiTs

Novelty. I

SUTTON'S
Novelty.
SUTTONS
Novelty.

SUTTON'S
Novelty. |
SUTTONS
Novelty.

SATISFACTION GREEN MARROW PEA

The most robust medium-cropumg Pea th-H
has come under our notice ; unsurpassed m pro-
ductiveness. Peas remarkably large, sometines
as many as ten in a pod, sweet and delicate in
flavour, ^ ^_

CHISWICK RED TOMATO.

First-class Certificate K.H.S., Aug. 30. 1883.

A remarkably prolific variety of strikingly
handsome appearance during growth; fruit oval
in shape, produced in clusteis, peifectlv smooth,
of bright red colour, and excellent jn flivour. _
READING PERFECTION TOMATO.

First-;}ass Certificate. R.H.S, , Au^. 19, 1884.

A most valuable acquisition and the ben roiip.d
variety yet offered. Combines great productive-
ness with fine quality and large size. The finest
exhibition Tomatothat can be grown. _

EARLIEST OF ALL TOMATO.

'ihe esriiest variety in cultivation; fruit
itedium sizA, of a brilliant red colour, and of a
rich m Id flavnur. Remirkahlv prolific.

"m AINCROp" TOMATO.

Large, aad v^ry distinct. Fruit large,
ihickly set on the plant, bright red colour;
fieeh s--liri. and of finq flivour

EARLY ECLIPSE POTATO.
A white round vriety, csv:eciaily valuable

for forcing; of excellent quahty.

RINGLEADER POTATO.

A

dis

hite-fleshed first eaily kidney, really
net rind excellent ; qualiiv very fine.

SOTTON S NEW BOUNTIFUL POTATO.

I A splendid new ruby-purp!e Potato of beau-
ti'ul shape, smooth skin, peifectly white firm
fle6h,and one of the best cooking vsrietiesknown.

SUTTON & SONS,

Seeftsrien bv Royal Warrant to H M. the Cueen

and H R.H. the Prince of Wales,

READING.

THE

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1884.

EATON HALL.

A MAGNIFICENT mansion, known appro-
priately as Eaton Palace, has now been
replaced by a still grander building, which all
the world has seen or may see — for the Duke
of Westminster admits all comers from whence-
soever they may hail, and sent to the Chester In-
firmary lately £ 500, the amount of ayear's receipts
of money taken at the door. Each person claim-
ing the privilege and boon of admission to the
house and grounds is charged \s., so that
10,000 visitors from .all parts of the world must
have seen this old park and seat and this newly
built house during the past twelve months.

On beholding the stupendous pile one thinks
first of Aladdin and his lamp, and then of the
ground rents of Belgravia, created, as they
were, not by magic, but by energy, commerce,
and the wealth which enterprise has accumu-
lated. The genii employed by the Duke in the
creation of one of the most costly establish-
ments in the country may be shortly named in
three letters—^ s. and d. There costly and
extensive work was obviously designed, not
entirely for their master but for others to enjoy,
and to show the world an appropriate home-
stead for an English nobleman. They have
succeeded perfectly, for Eaton, as a private
residence, is one of the wonders of the world.

Four hundred and fifty years ago Ralph
Grosvenor, heir of Sir Robert Grosvenor of
Holme, married Joan, heiress to the last male of
the ancientfamilyofEton, otherwise spelt Eaton.
The ownership of Eaton fell to the present family
by this auspicious union. Belgravia, which gave
its name to the well known West-end square, is
a modest and a model little hamlet just outside
the park here. A hall, built by Vanbrugh,
stood close to the site of the existing pile till
the year iSoo, when it was replaced by a noble
Gothic house with a terrace 350 feet in length,
and grand apartments, as we read in the county
history, splendidly furnished, with offices,
stables, and gardens, all of an appropriate kind.
The Duke's genii have swept them away, and
if we pass the decorated and costly gates which
they have placed at the enclosure before the
chief entrance, or Watts' equestrian statue of
Hugh Lupus, the first palatine Earl, in the
court outside another entrance, we m.ay present
ourselves to the attendant guide at the door.
I can only say of the interior, that the costly
decorations are not of the impossible-to-be-
endured kind.

The library is 90 feet long by 30 feet
wide, and the walls are panelled with wal-
nut, and hung with five historical pictures
by West. The clock tower is 200 feet high,
and there are twenty-eight bells played upon
by machinery, and a striking "Big Ben."
The chapel at the north-west end of the
house was built for the family and for 200 ser-
vants, and would not accommodate the whole if
they all attended at the same time. A beau-
tiful statue cf a beautiful woman— Constance,
the late Duchess — mournfully reminds the
visitor of the lot of humanity, and of those

744

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884,

sad partings which the rich as well as the poor
are called on to endure.

Who shall describe the gardens ? Mr. Sell-
wood has fifty-six gardeners under him. Two
foremen were employed at the lime of my call,
showing parties lound. The conservatories are heated
by six miles of hot-water pipes ; and when I asked
the young fellow who had charge of myself and
friends the number of the glasshouses, he endeavoured
in vain to reckon them on his fingers. Even the
leading firmi in the various branches of horticulture
cannot always show as many acres of glass as the
munificent owner of Eaton. Each house, moreover,
is built substantially, and the fittings and workman-
ship are all of the best kind. The largest conserva-
tory consists of eight divisions or branch houses, each
opening at its end into a corridor 125 yards in length,
The house is worthily planted and managed. Alia-
mandas, Passifiora racemosa, and Bougainvillea glabra
are prominent among the creepers of the roof, and
form a gorgeous awning to Palms and Ferns and
other beautiful plants below. One of the divisions
is named the Nymphoea-house, and contains the
Sacred Bean of Egypt, Nelumbium speciosum, and
pink, white, and blue Water-Lilies. These houses
are in the full pride of their beauty in May and
November.

The Eucharis-house only exhibited a few flowers
at the time of my visit, but they were of the purest
white, and the large dark and healthy leaves of the
numerous plants betokened the approach of a superb
display in the season. The Azaleas and Koses were
at rest of course, but that other division called
the Stephanotis-house displayed the well known
flowers and foliage of the plant from which it is
named, in full bloom overhead, the pot plants below
being Gardenias chiefly. This noble conservatory
was described in detail in these columns several years
ago.

In passing through the kitchen gardens we looked
into some of the twelve Grape-houses, and took the
rest as seen. The Black Alicante and Madresfield
Court Grapes in a house by themselves were perfect
in crop and colour, and the same may be said of
Lady Downe's, which fills a house. Mr. Sell-
wood is noted for Melons, and in passing on quickly
to look at the Hall and the pleasure grounds around
it, I heard incidentally, observing some well grown
Strawberries in pots, that 6000 plants of this fiuit are
forced yearly. In the pleasure grounds we were
attracted by two buildings of exquisite proportions
and great beauty within and without : one is
a garden temple of terra cotta with a marble
vase on the floor beneath the dome and an echo
which seems to be in the wall, since the usual invita-
tion brings it out very distinctly. The other erection
is a tea-house, a building more attractive and ap-
propriate perhaps in an English shrubbery than the
other. It is a cottage of great cost, gabled and rustic
in its plan, with all appliances for sumptuous hot-
water boiling and tea-making, and a chaiming room
for partaking of the harmless and delicious beverage.
The walls of the tea-room are panelled and appro-
priately painted, each panel being in fact the " can-
vas " of a work of art.

Let us pause and admire the view from the top
of the flight of steps leading from the saloon of
the Hall to the terrace. Only the pen of a
Disraeli could describe these marble halls and
pillars of porphyry. The River Dee is hidden from
view, but it steals through the meadow half a
mile beyond the shrubberies, and there is water
enough in the " Serpentine " and other fish-ponds,
which lie on the right. From these same marble
steps, looking due south, some neighbouring houses
are seen at the sufficient and respectful distance of
about a dozen miles. Beeston Castle, a ruin belong-
ing to Lord Tollemache, is perched on its precipice,
as you may see it at Beeston Castle Station, between
Crewe and Chester. It is an ornament worth
having in this rich but rather level landscape. Close
by it are the Peckforton Hills, and among the woods
of Oik and Holly, on a conspicuous crown of the
ritigi.', rises Lord Tollemache's residence, Peckforton
Castle, built by himself thirty years ago, of the grey
stone of his own hill, ard wearing a face as fresh as
when it was new. It would seem that the common
sense of the noble lord was worth more to himself
than the "science" of so called experts when they
selected the stone for the Houses of Parliament,
which are now crumbling in decay. On the right,

looking across the ornamental water and its reeds
and Bulrushes, are the hills of Denbigh.

We drove to Eaton Hall through the adjoining and
palatial village of Ecclestone and the church, to
whose consecrated ground the Duke's family have
been borne, sometimes prematurely, as all must
remember, with as little pomp as the humblest vil-
lager. Nearer the Hall are the stables of the race-
horses, where three winners of the Derby — Don-
caster, Bend Or, and Shotover — have been housed in
most luxurious quarters, costing tens of thousands of
pounds, with boxes and an enclosed paddock for each
horse. I believe there is no other example of three
winners of the Derby having been owned at the same
time by one individual, and as the Derby is the "blue
ribbon of the turf," the Duke of Westminster has
held three blue ribbons at once. The breeding stud
is here, the training stud at Kingsclere. We returned
to Chester by the park and broad-belted carriage
drive, which reaches almost to the town. Pheasants
were feeding by hundreds by the roadside as we
passed. H. E.

NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED

ASTERS.— V.

{Continued from p. 6Si.)

Subgenus I. Euaster. — Bracts of the involucre
dry at the base, furnished with spreading green leafy
tips. Heads copiously panicled, and stems abundantly
leafy. The largest subgenus, confined to America,

Group III. VuLc.ARES. — Pubescence of the stem
and leaves neither tomentose nor viscid. Lower
leaves tapering gradually into their petiole.

This week I have to deal with the small-headed
species of this largest central group in the genus,
which are eight in number.

18. A. polyphylhis, Willd. A. tenuifoliiis, Nees and
Gray, in part. — Stems tall, glabrous, erect, reaching a
length of 4 — 5 feet. Leaves linear, sessile, entire, the
lower 3 — 4 inches long, not clasping at the base. Heads
h. — I '"t^h diameter, arranged in an ample deltoid panicle,
with rather thyrsoid branches. Involucre campanulate,
\ inch long, well imbricated, the bracts with small
adpressed leafy lanceolate lips. Disc-flowers yellow.
Ligules about thirty, white, \ inch long. Achene rather
silky ; pappus while, \ inch long.

Vermont to Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Caro-
lina. A rare species, allied to Tradescanti and salici-
folius. Flowers with us early in October,

19. A. Tradescanti^ Linn, (in part), Gray. A. parvi-
florus, Nees. A leiicanthemus, Desf. — Stem slender,
erect, 3 — 5 feet long, nearly glabrous to the top. Leaves
lanceolate, sessile, entire, acute, tapering to the base,
not clasping, the lower 3 — 4 inches long, ^-'\ inch broad
at the middle. Heads \ — % inch in diameter, arranged
in an ample panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre
campanulate, \ inch long, well imbricated, the bracts
with small adpressed lanceolate leafy tips. Ligules
about Ihirty.'while, linear, under ;} inch long. Disc-
flowers yellow. Achene slightly pubescent ; pappus
white, flexuose, \ inch long.

Canada and Saskatchewan to Illinois and Virginia.
Flowers with us till late in October. A common and
variable type, separable from ericoides by its broader
leaves, and larger laxer heads. It is naturalised in
several districts in Europe, and is common in gardens.

20. A. ericoides, Linn. A. tenuifolius, Willd. A.
pauciflorus. Martens. A. dumosus, Hoffm., non Linn.
— Stems densely tufted, 3 — 4 feet long, stiffly erect,
pubescent or glabrous upwards, with copious ascending
branches. Leaves linear, entire, narrowed to the base,
not clasping, the lower not more than i — 2 inches long,
\ — \ inch broad, those of the branches of the inflores-
cence small and rigid. Heads \ — \ inch in diameter,
arranged in a broad ample panicle, with ascending
corymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, well
imbricated, i— J inch long, the bracts, with small rigid
lanceolate leafy tips. Disc flowers yellow. Ligules
about thirty, white, \ inch long. Achene finally glabrous ;
pappus whitish, flexuose, \ inch long.

Canada to Florida and the Mississippi. Iq full

flower with us up to late in October. Var, Reevesii

is a dwarf variety common in gardens. A, villosus,
Michx., is a form with hairy stems.

21. .-/. dumos7is, Linn. — Stems slender, erect, 2—^1
fi^et long, glabrous or finely pubescent. Leaves linear,
rntire, narrowed to the base, the lower 3 — 4 inches long,
those of the panicle-tiranches minute, stift, spreading or
reflexed. rough at the edge. Heads \ inch in diameter,

arranged in an ample panicle with ascending branches.
Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, the bracts in many
rows, with short obtuse adpressed leafy lips. Disc flowers
in our plant purple. Ligules about twenty, lilac, ,\ inch
long. Achene finally glabrous ; pappus dirty white,
flexuose, 1 inch long.

New England and Canada to Florida and Texas.
Flowers with us early in October.

22. A. mnltiflorus. Ait.— Stems sliftly erect, very
copiously branched, pubescent, Leaves small, linear,
entire, firm in texture, sub-obtuse, roughly hairy on the
margins. Heads about J inch indiameter, densely arranged
in a very compound panicle, with ascending thyrsoid
branches ; peduncles shorter than in any of its neigh-
bours. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, very much
imbricated, the leafy tips of the bracts squarrose. Disc-
flowers yellow. Ligules about thirty, white, spreading,
linear, \ inch long. Achene finally glabrous ; pappus
whitish, flexuose, | inch long.

Canada, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, to
Georgia and Texas, the most widely-spread of all the
United States species. Flowers with us early in
October.

23. A. aynethystinus, Nuttall. A. bostoniensis, Hort.
— Stems stifily erect, very pubescent, 3 — 4 feet long.
Leaves lanceolate, entire, sessile, hairy, the lower i — i^
inch long. Heads \ — \ inch in diameter, arranged in an
ample deltoid panicle with thyrsoid ascending branches.
Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, well imbricated, the
bracts with large lanceolate spreading pubescent tips.
Disc-flowers purple. Ligules about thirty, bright lilac,
under \ inch long. Achene finally gIn,brous ; pappus
dirty white, moderately firm, \ inch long.

Massachusetts to Iowa and Illinois. A very dis-
tinct but rare species, flowering with us early in
October.

24. A, vimineiis. Lam. — Stems slender, erect, arching
over at top, the lower branches spreading horizontally.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, not clasping at the base, the
lower 2—3 inches long, \ — \ inch broad. Heads about
\ inch diameter, arranged on a very broad lax deltoid
panicle with thyrsoid branches. Involucre campanulate,
well imbricated, ^-inch long, the tips with short lanceo-
late green leafy points. Ligules about thirty, pale lilac,
\ inch long. Achene finally glabrous ; pappus dirty
white, flexuose, ^ inch long.

Canada to Florida and westward to Arkansas.
Intermediate between difiusus and dumosus, connected
with the latter by A. foliolosus, Alton.

25. A. diffusus. Ait. A. pendulus and divergens,
Ait. A. miser, Gray's Synopsis, in part. A. horizon-
talis, Desf. A. recurvatus, Willd. — Stems reaching a
length of 4 — 5 feet, arching over at top, and the lower
branches spreading. Leaves thin, those of the main
stem lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the lower often
serrated, \ — ^-inch broad at the middle, the upper
lanceolate and entire. Heads \ — J-inch diameter,
arranged in an ample deltoid panicle with thyrsoid
spreading branches. Involucre campanulate, well im-
bricated, \ inch long, the green leafy tips of the bracts
short and obtuse. Ligules white, patent, about thirty,
^-inch long. Achene finally glabrous ; pappus dirty
while, flexuose, \ inch long.

Canada to Texas and Missouri, In full flower with
us in the middle of October. Marked in the group
by its weak divaricating branches and large thin
leaves. J. G. Baker,

{To be continued.^

f rd|i(l jJIot^s and ilfairinp.

Orchids at Birchfield, Fallowfield. — The
collection of Orchids now being collected at this
place by A. Heine, Esq., bids fair in a short time to
become one of the most extensive and important that
has ever been formed in this district, already so famous
for fine collections, some of which are unfortunately
now things of the past. The late Mr. Gotteschalk
had ever since iS6S a small collection, among which
were the notable plants of Vanda suavis that even
now are being sought after, small pieces fetching good
prices ; and well they may, since the flower-spike is
stronger, and flowers more numerous and of stouter tex-
ture than the forms commonly met with. These
plants passed into other hands soon after the death of
Mr. ( lotteschalk ; and on Mr. Heine taking posses-
sion about three years ago there were no plants that
could with truth be called the nucleus of a collection.
This state, however, was soon changed, for a number
of plants were soon purchased, and two houses put up
for Odontoglossums, and one for Cattleyas, which did
fairly well in them,

DECE^rBKR 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

745

The additions were numefous until a twelvemonth
ago, when a still more rapid advance took place with
the advent of Mr. J. Craggs as gardener. At present
there are ten houses set apart for these plants filled
with a choice and varied collection, consisting of
East India species, that are well represented, and
Dendrobes, Cattleyas, and Odontoglossums. Calling
a few days ago, I noticed some fine plants of D. for-
mosum giganteum in flower on one plant with four
new growths, having produced fourteen, eight, and
five Bowers respectively. Saccolabium giganteum
was coming well aw.ay with five spikes of bloom.
This species is a most useful and desirable form, the
single blooms making capital coat flowers ; the
entire spike lasts quite fresh from eight to ten weeks.
Aiirides Lobbii, A. crassifolium, and A. maculosum,
were in good condition ; the same may be said also of
some fine Vandas growing in a large house exactly
similar in form to the vineries adjoining. Vanda
bicolor insignis, 7 feet high, with three young breaks
and perfect leaves down to the base ; another nearly
5 feet high, with five breaks, and equally fine foliage ;
other V. suavis and V. tricolor, as well as the true \ ,
insignis, were here in a healthy state, and of a capital
colour ; a large plant of Angrsecum sesquipedale
was also very noticeable. There were noticed some fine
pots of Calanthe Veitchii, with numerous and strong
spikes full of bloom. Some capital masses of Cypri-
pedium Lawrencianum, C. Spicerianum, C. Lowi,
C. caudatum, deserve mention. Dendrobiums were
well done ; fine plants of D. Wardianum, D. crassi-
node Findleyanum, were showing well for bloom ; on
some bulbs of the two former species there were from
twelve to seventeen nodes of flower, showing the
promise of a gorgeous display in early spring. As
these showy species can now be bought at moderate
prices, it is better to follow Mr. Heine's example —
/.f., secure a score or two of good pieces, there being
the certainty of variety occurring amongst them, and,
of course, a chance of superior forms appearing. Den-
drobium devonianum, D. primulinum, D. cretaceum, on
blocks or in baskets, with D. thyrsiflorum and D.
nobile in pots have made fine stout bulbs. In the Cattleya-
house some exceptional pieces may be seen of Lcelia
purpurata Russelliana, a plant with twenty-seven
leads ; L. p. alba, with twelve leading shoots ; Cat-
tleya Skinneri, a mass of 4 feet in diameter, having
sixty-five leads ; numerous plants of C. Mendelii, some
with eighteen, fifteen, and eleven growths, and many
with from four to eight leads. There are C. Trianffi,
C. Mossiae, by scores ; C. gigas and C. Dowiana in
pots suspended from the roof, thus obtaining more
light and less moisture than the plants on the stage.
Several true C. labiata in flower, besides C. exonien-
sis in bud, C. Wagneri, C. xanthina, and C. velutina
were also doing well. A fine lot of Ccelogyne oris-
tata promised well for bloom. Lselia albida and L.
autumnalis were well advanced in the spike. Odon-
toglossum vexillarium was in good condition, one
plant having fifteen leads, the young leaves being
broad and of a deep green. O. citrosmum in baskets
flowered well last spring, and formed fine bulbs.
The O. Alexandra, O. Pescatorei, O. Halli, O.
cirrosum, in two houses, were in splendid condition,
so that it would be difficult to surpass them. The
stout spikes now pushing up give good promise of a
grand display of these splendid forms. A fine bank
of Masdevallias, including the most showy sorts is
worthy of mention, many plants being in S and 10-inch
pots. The beautiful M.Tovarensis was nicely in flower.
A house has just been erected lor Phalxnopsis, and
though it is too soon to see any great change, there is
every reason to believe that the occupants will in the
coming season make great headway. Though but few
individual plants have been mentioned, there are a host
deserving of special notice, evidencing great care and
skill on the part of Mr. Craggs. W. Swan, Fallow/ielJ.

Selborne, Streatham, Surrey. — The very
choice collection of Orchids to be found here, illus-
trates forcibly what can be done under adverse cir-
cumstances and in peculiarly cramped surroundings.
No one would think on viewing the glass from the
outside that it contained such a large collection of
these favourite plants growing in such luxuriant health.
Mr. Salter has also to find room for plants for table de-
coration, making the conservatory gay, bedding plants,
&c., and just now has a very fine lot of Chrysanthe-
mums, conspicuous among the latter Lady Selborne ;
the white sport from James Salter, first produced here.
There is always something interesting in a good col-
lection of Orchids, and Mr. Salter just now has about
twenty-five varieties in bloom, a large number when we

consider the season of the year. They were as
follows : — Brassia antherotes, Caltleya Dowiana,
several good spikes ; C. gigas, several — one very fine
type with a good spike of four large blooms ; Com-
parctlia macroplcctron, Cypripedium Schlimii, a rate
distinct species from New Granada ; C. Spicerianum,
a grand plant of this noble Orchid, having thirteen
splendid blooms ; C. Harrisianum, Dendiochilum
Cobbianum, Epidendrum Wallaceii, E. Huntleya, E.
violacea ; Laslia Dominiana, L. prcestans — a fine type
of this splendid dwarf species ; L. Dayana ; Masde-
vallia Reichenbachia, M. ignea, and M. radiosa ;
Odontoglossum ctispum, O. maculatum (line), O.
Koezlii, splendid blooms, and O. Sedeni ; Pilumna
nobilis, fine blooms of this grand sweet-scented Orchid j
Vanda ccerulea, several good spikes, and grand blooms
of the somewhat rare Zygopetalum Gautieri.

Cattleya crocata rosea.— a flower of a lovely
variety of this species, which was described in our
columns (see Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 25, p. 520),
comes from Holbrook Gaskell, Esq. ; it is a perfect
model of a symmetrically formed Cattleya, and is of
fine substance, and delightful odour. The whole
flower is white, suffused with rose, the midribs of the
petals and the tube and edge of the labellum exhibit-
ing the pure white of the type, and the inside of the
tube of the labellum also having the dark orange
colour of the plant originally described. The flower
measures 6 inches across, and the lip 3A inches in
length. The plant, which is about 2 feet in height,
is said to resemble a gigantic C. Eldorado, to which
section it belongs.

Oncidium bicolor.— I recently grew two plants
of the above-named Oncid, one in the Cattleya-house,
the other in the Mexican-house ; both plants made
bulbs larger than the native ones, rooted freely, and
appeared in the best of health, I was every day
expecting to see two fine spikes make their appear-
ance, but, alas ! both plants lost their last made
bulbs. The enemy was rot, which first infected the
tip of the leaf, and gradually ran down into the bulb.
All efforts to arrest its progress were fruitless. Beyond
destroying the leads, the plants remain intact, and
will probably start into growth again. Perhaps some
of your numerous readers can solve the mystery, for
such I believe this kind of rot to be, and one peculiar
to this Oncidium. E. y. £,, Liverpool, Dec. 3.

Dendrobium Lowii.— Some well-flowered plants
of this pretty yellow Dendrobe are now to be seen in
the fine lot of it at Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.'s
nursery at Clapton, where it seems to thrive well
although most growers give it a bad name for being
unmanagable. The treatment may have something
to do with its good health at Clapton. Mr. Low
says that it does best in pots in a warm airy house
and unlike most of the other nigro-hirsute Dendrobes
it will not grow on blocks. This being the case no
doubt many have lost it by blocking. D. formosum
giganteum, on the other hand, is proved at Clapton
to be unmanageable in pots, but on blocks or in
baskets the plants will almost take care of themselves.
7- O'B.

ANGR.tcuM KoTSCHYi. — This species, described by
Professor Reichenbach in your last issue, requires much
the same treatment as A. sesquipedale or A. Ellisii.
It comes, I believe, from the mainland of Eastern
Tropical Africa, not very far from Zanzibar. It has been
grown at Burford Lodge on a log or raft, and likes
heat, moisture, and shade. It produces numerous
thick, round, and fleshy roots, like those of A. cauda-
tum. It is a slow grower, and as the inflorescence is
large in proportion to the plant, it should be cut
early. To my eye the most remarkable feature of the
flowers are the long nectaries or spurs, each of which
makes a complete horizontal turn or loop, about the
size of a fourpenny-piece, towards its middle. T. L.

Vanda Lowii. — The magnificent plant of this
purchased at M. Oscar Lamarcbe's sale at Protheroe
& Morris' by Mr. Henry James is now in flower at
the Castle Nurseries, Lower Norwood, and proves to
be as fine a variety as it was represented to be. The
plant is over 7 feet in height and in perfect health, hav-
ing leaves down to the base and a most extraordinary
root-growth ; it is also particularly interesting on
account of its having originally been in the noted
Schiller collection. The flower-spike, which is still
growing, has thirty-six very fine and distinctly marked
flowers, the two nearest the plant being, as usual,
quite unlike the others, and one of those further down

the spike appears to be intermediate between the two
kinds of flowers usually produced. There was a third
odd yellow flower, but being deformed it was cut otf.
[It should have been sent for inspection to some discreet
and learned person. Ed ] The plant is ceitainly a most
wonderful specimen, and well worth visiting, particu-
larly as it will be found in company with a fine and
well grown collection of Orchids, magnificent Heaths,
and a genera! collection of good plants. In bloom,
among others, are Angritcum Kotschyi, Cymbidium
giganteum, many Sophronitis, Odontoglossums,
Lielias, &c., and a very bright and pretty form of
Arundina bambus^folia. Mr. James certainly gets a
most vigorous growth on his Orchids, especially the
Cattleyas and Dendrobes. One of his plants of D.
Jamesianum has a pseudobulb 3 feet in length, y. O'B,

THE ST. PETERSBURG
BOTANIC GARDEN.

{Coiuiuifid /roin /. 714.)

The propagating-house, to which we are next intro-
duced, contains a large stock of various kinds, and
we note generally that the stock of duplicate plants,
in size and number, is larger here than in any other
garden of the kind we know.; Pandanus nitidus
strikes our attention oiost particularly. It is similar
in habit to P. humilis {properly, we believe, P. pyg-
mxus), and branches as prettily, but it is larger in its
growth, and the leaves are of a different colour, being
bright green. This is another of those plants we have
found quite distinct from anything we know, and
bearing a name we have never noted in any other
collection. It is not to be found in the books we
possess, but we shall hope to know more of the plant.
In this house we noticed a fine trunk of Encephalartos
cycad^folius pushing strongly, and Tradescantia
fuscata, which, though pretty common, we were
interested to see in good quantity.

Hardy Plants. — The outdoor departments are of
great interest, notwithstanding the climate, which pre-
vents the outdoor culture of so many fine trees, shrubs
and other plants, which with us are quite hardy. No-
thing more immediately strikes the attention than the
almost complete absence of evergreens, Mahonia
aquifolium was in fairly good foliage, but in the Alex-
ander Gardens almost every leaf had been destroyed,
though apparently protection had been afforded. The
principal evergreens are those belonging to the Coni«
fer3e,to which we shall presently refer. Lawns are no-
where good in the cold parts of Russia, but the best
of the plants growing in the turf of this garden pro-
duce sometimes a very fine etfect. The common
Pilewort, Ranunculus Ficaria, with leaves not spotted,
we never saw in such beauty. One of the prettiest of
the turf plants, growing here in masses, like the last,
is Anemone ranunculoides. A pretty Gagea, like G.
lutea, but really G. minima, as Dr. Regel informed
us, is charming to meet with, and we found it grow-
ing commonly about St. Petersburg. Anemone
nemorosa is very attractive, and we noticed that in
Russia it is always paler than in England, being
nearly pure white. .-Egopodium podagraria is, of
course, an intrusion, but it is very common, and
indeed is perhaps the commonest of British plants we
saw in Russia, Corydalis bracteata crops up beauti-
fully in places, and all the species grow much finer in
this climate than they do generally in our own.

The Rockery. — The rock garden is decidedly one
of the chief, if not the chief, of the outdoor features,
and it requires a few words of description, as the plants
flourish upon it amazingly. In construction it is quite
simple, and probably the welfare of the plants alone
has been considered, but the effect is good, as too
much has not been attempted in this direction. It is
built of large stones, generally on edge, end to end,
enclosing a space of level, or nearly level soil, devoted
to one kind, so that there is a good mass of each, and
it lies mostly on a slope facing south. The soil appears
rich, light, and friable, and may be but the best of
the natural ioil improved. One of the reasons
probably why the plants, especially the bulbous plants
do so well, is that the drought does not commence
until growth has been completed or at least is near
completion, when it does only good, and in this a very
successful bulb cultivator concurred. One of the finest
plants in flower was an Erythronium said to be the
Siberian forai of E. Dens canis, but it is very much
finer than anything we know, and if only a variety of
the above-mentioned it is a very valuable one. It h-s
flowers twice or three times as large as those of
the common E. Dens-canis, and the leaves have fewer

746

r//v5 GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE.

tt>ECEMBER «J, 1S84.

spots. Colchicum luteum was flowering in good
quantity in one of these stone beds, and had apparently
grown there, so thai it is much hardier than it is
generally supposed to be in England, Chionodoxa
nana (Puschkinia scilloides) was particularly fine, and
against the stones appeared uncommonly tall. Cory-
dalis Sewerzowi, with large rich orange blossoms, was
liner considerably than we have seen it before, and
very ornamental. Allium Alexieanum we noted in
the Exhibition, and in one of the houses already
spoken of, and here we found another splendid species
quite new to us and bearing the name A. karataviense.
It is from Turkestan and has very fine foliage. The
leaves are broadly ovate, red-tinted and glaucous, with
red edges. Caltha palustris var, orthorhyncha was in
llower, of pale yellow colour, and it is a variety we
had not before heard of, but it appears to be distinct.
We were fortunate in finding several species of Tulip
in bloom though for outdoor flowers generally we
were too soon. One of them was T. dasystemon,
which is dwarf in habit with starry pale yellow flowers.
There were several varieties of T. Kaufmanniana
named rubra, lutea, and luteo-bicolor, according to
colour. Two other spdcies in bloom were T. turkes-
tanica and T. brachystemon, the latter of fine yellow
colour. Among other names we noted were T.
laevigata and T. Ostrowskyana. Mr. Baker considers
that T. Hoeltzeri and T. Kesselringii are the same,
but we found different clumps bearing those names,
so that probably they are not considered here to be
absolutely identical. Primula algida, though not new,
we had not seen before, and another kind, P. auri-
culata var. luteola, of Dr. Kegel, was fresh to our
knowledge. Alfredia nivea, from Turkestan, is
probably a pretty plant, and it makes an additional
species to the two we cultivate.

COMFER.t in the open air are not numerous. Thuia
occidentalis appears to stand, but not well; here was
the finest we saw of it, but elsewhere it seemed
merely to exist. Pinus sylvestris about St. Peters-
burg was not vigorous, and had a slightly yellow
appearance, but not, of course, on account of the
cold, as in the country near there were some good
trees, and it extends wild to Siberia. Pinus pumilio
was here tolerably good, but its leaves we saw
browned in other gardens. V. Cembra was good,
but not large. The finest coniferous trees we noticed
were Larix dahurica, L. europaja, and its variety,
pendula. Some others we may mention are Abies
sibirica, Pinus Menziesii, and Picea Engelmanni.

Herhaceous Plani's.— The herbaceous ground
we only saw once, and our notes on that occasion
were not numerous, but we saw one plant we
should not like to have missed. This was Kauf-
mannia Sewerzowi, a new plant, upon which
the genus has been founded by Dr. Kegel, and
we are not sure that it has yet been introduced to
Britain. It is from Turkestan. Here it grew in the
open bed with other Primulaceit, to which order it
belongs. It is placed next to Primula, but it is
totally different in appearance, especially in the
flowers, of which the corolla is cylindrical, yellow,
and deeply cut into five segments. In its aspect it
recalls Cortusa, and it may be more nearly allied to
this, though further from it by the terms of classifica-
tion, just as Xiphion is sometimes separated several
genera from Iris, to which it is very closely related.
Judging by the description of Cortusa it has the same
short filaments united at the base by a membrane, the
style is similarly filiform and protruded, but to a
greater length, and it has a similar kind of inflores-
cence. It has leaves very ke those ) Cortusa, and
the flowers would seem very similar, but lint the
calyx and corolla are yellow. The plant is altogether
pretty, and worth cultivation. The collection of
Umbellilera: is here better than it is in most gardens,
and of Ileracleums there were several very distinct
kinds, and we noted about half-a-dozen we thought
the best. Growing in the ordinary soil, fully exposed,
were Kubus Chamremorus and K. arcticus, fine
clumps such as we could not hope to have in the
same position. Choice plants we met with were
Hedysarum multijugum, Lycopodium alpinum sibi-
ricum, Delphinium Pylzowi of Professor Maximowicz,
snd Dianthus superbus var. Hoeltzeri of Mr. Winkler,
a very pretty variety deserving of culture as well as
its type.

Hardy Siiruhs.— Outdoor shrubs are particularly
interesting, and it was with great pleasure we saw
tome of those more particularly connected with

this garden. Many of them are sheltered be-
neath those larger trees, principally Limes, Pop-
lars, Elms, and Birch, which line the straight
walks. These walks intersect and form squares
of grass on which the shrubs are planted. The
whole of the gardens, however, is not laid out in
this style. A part of it is more like the pleasure-
grounds of an English garden, and also about these
winding paths we found many choice shrubs. Un-
fortunately the majority of them were only in the
bud stage, showing here and there the promise of
foliage. Among the finest specimens we noticed
were Caragana jubata .and Cratiegus Schrojderi, the
former being the largest we know. One of the most
interesting was Pyrus ussuriensis, the fruits of which
we saw exhibited at the Japanese stand in the Inter-
national Exhibition. Rhododendron caucasicum and
K. hirsutum were represented by good specimens, but
R. ponticum we did not see out-of-doors, and prob-
ably it is not hardy. Eleutherococcus senticosus is a
little known shrub, an ally of Acanthopanax from
Mantschuria, which we believe represents one of the
numerous discoveries of Professor Maximowicz in this
region. Many of the kinds whose names we noted
must be passed over in these notes, as from the earli-
ness of the season there are no characteristics we can
give by observation on the spot. The common Ash
is unable apparently to flourish in the cold of this
climate, and a specimen of it had sustained much injury.
Craticgus Crus-galli and Aristolochia Sipho also ap-
peared to suffer. One of the finest trees was a Populus
nigra, said to have been planted by Peter the Great.
The good labels were remarked by several visitors.
They are made of tin painted, with the name written
in paint, and they are supported on stout sticks.

The Bog Garden is decidedly one of the out-
door features. It is formed apparently in a naturally
wet dell, narrow, but of considerable length. Kustic
bridges of Birch-wood, with the natural bark, cross it
at intervals, and raised paths form a convenient
means of approach to all the plants, which are in
good masses, confined by these paths. The water
percolates from one end to the other, and makes a
pond in one or two places for deep water aquatics.
By the sloping banks every degree of moisture is at
command for the different species, and some which
merely love moisture find the most suitable place for
their needs. It was rather early to see the eftect of
the plants growing up, but Chrysospleniura oppositi-
folium was in strikingly fine condition. It grew in a
wet place in a large mass, and was splendid in colour,
forming sheets of bright yellow, such as we hardly knew
possible from this plant. The branches of trees hang
over this bog garden, and we should like much to see
it when the leaves are out. A pleasant shade must
be afforded, and the vista of water plants, with occa-
sional glimpses of water, must be very pretty.

To Dr. and Mrs. Kegel I shall ever feel indebted
for their uniform kindness and hospitality ; they will
always be associated in our recollection with the plea-
sure of our visit, and we shall hope that ere long the like
occasion of a great International Exhibition will once
more bring to our country the great Director, who
has done so much to enrich our gardens. .?. J,
Lynch.

EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.

The subjoined correspondence on this subject may
be of interest to those of our readers who may find
some difticulties with this plant. The inquiry came
from a correspondent, and was answered by our able
contributor, Mr. Hudson, of Gunnersbury House : —

I feel sure you will not say or think I am
troubling you when I write to ask your advice on
a horticultural subject, seeing you are so ready to
give such sound and good advice to amateurs and
others in the gardening papers. All the hints you
give I carefully note and try to follow. At present,
and for some time past, my Eucharis have bothered
me a good deal. I have about 300 or 400 bulbs,
fine, large, healthy bulbs they were, and still appear
to be so, but this last year or so they do not seem to
be so healthy, I thought it was soil, then water,
then something else. However, as soon as a leaf is
made and gets a fair size it turns yellow at the edges,
and finally goes oil ; in other cases the young leaf
comes up curled, and as for all the rest of the foliage
it has not that fine, dark green, solid, leathery look
which betokens health. The drainage in the pots is
good, carefully done ; the loam is one year old — the
top spit from one of my pasture fields ; stacked up with
this are some half-inch bones, bits of charcoal, and

little bits of old cowdung. Now, can you account
for it ? Can it be- the loam or bones, or the water,
which is hard naturally, but lies a night, and often
longer, in the tanks in the houses before using it tepid .'
No liquid manure has been used, nor any fertilising
nostrum, so no chemical stutf has touched them. My
gardener and I are puzzled. They have not been
forced, nor have they touched tan, but have been
grown in bottom-heat for the past year plunged in
cocoa-fibre up to their rims. Now I do not know
whether I ought to give you any clue to what I have
just taken it into my head is the cause. I found that
if I take a handful of the cocoa-fibre in the plunge-bed
and squeeze it like a sponge, that I squeeze a quan-
tity of water out of each handful, and although the
plunge-bed had the means of draining itself, I find it
has scarcely done so, but that the fibre is a mass of
wet " muck," to use a vulgar term, and consequently
each pot was quite wet ; and as pots retain a
quantity of moisture, I take it that the roots and
ball of soil must have been constantly wet. I found
to-day on examining a few pots that the roots
outside the ball of soil, and conse(|uently next the
pot, were perfectly dead and rotten, while I found
roots which were among the crocks or drainage in fine
condition. Now, I want to know if this cause would
account for the condition of my plants— is it enough
to cause it ?— for I thought that the Eucharis naturally
in its home grew in a marshy place. I would also
like to know if too strong sunlight in summer would
be against their well-being, for I noticed/Iast summer
last for the first time that they did not look well, but
had the yellow look about them, and leaves dying oft
after turning yellow, and as the autumn advanced and
less sun they seemed not to be so bad in colour. I need
not say that I should esteem it a great kindness if you
would give me your views and opinion, and any hints
you can as to growing and flowering them successfully,
for I am fond of them, and devote a house to their cul-
ture. Is perpetual bottom-heat not advisable, or should
it only be used to get them to flower at given periods ?
Your kind help, with full particulars, will be gratefully
esteemed by yours truly, A. E.

P. S. — Kindly also say if peat should also be
employed in compost — if [liquid manure should be
given — if in summer the vinery would be a good
place to summer them — and so forth. Would you take
Ihem all out, and repot them, or not ;■

In reply to yours received this morning I will

endeavour to give you the best advice I can, ri
your Eucharis. I have carefully read your letter
through, and have been impressed with one matter on
which you do not touch, viz., the size of pots and the
amount of soil surrounding the bulb?. When these
latter are unhealthy there will be but few roots
attached to them. I am of opinion (perhaps I am
wrong) that when they were repotted too large pots
were used, consequently an undue proportion of soil
remained for some time without the roots rami-
fying in it. The soil would with frequent waterings
and the pots being plunged in the cocoa-fibre become
sour and sodden, causing the roots to take to the same
very unkindly at the best. Should I have any Eucharis
myself in an unhealthy state as you describe yours, I
would shake them out of the soil, wash the roots and
bulbs in some tepid water, removing at the same time
any scales that surround the bulbs if the same are de-
cajing. Then I would assort the bulljs into three
or four sizes and repot each size by itself, using pots
from 6 to S and 9 inches in diameter according to the
size of bulb, crocking the pots at least one-third the
way up to allow for abundant drainage in which I find
that the roots often delight to wander in course of
time. I would only allow suBicient room between
each bulb for the new soil to be worked among them
with the hand. I would keep the bulbs sufliciently
low in the pot to cover them with the fresh compost
and to hold them secure. Then I would for some few
months give them a somewhat shadier position than
usual toinduce a freegrowth if possible. At first and until
active growth commences I would be cautious in the
application of water and should bedisposedtoerron th«
dry side rather than the other extreme, the more so pro-
vided bottom-heat is applied to the roots from plunging
material. I would not use either tan, which in course
of time produces a fungoid growth, or cocoa- fibre,
which latter is far too retentive of moisture ; but
rather choose a sweet plunging material composed of
leaves and short stable litter (Oak and Ikcch leaves
are preferable). Such material would not retain so
much moisture, and at the same time would give of!
a certain amount of ammonia that would be pro-

PecSmkER tj, 1SS4.;

Tti^ GARDEMBRS' CHkONrCLE.

747

duclive of good results to the plants. At the cutset
I have thus cnJeavoured to give you an idea of how
I would treat Kucharis myself if I had an unhealthy
stock to work uj>on. I will now take your queries as
contained in your letter, and answer them to the
best of my ability. " Can it he the loam or bones? "
Not the former, which, as ycu describe it, should
be the best that could be choicn. Is there, however,
any wireworm at work in it 1 I should myself
lio chary of bones with the lirst shift when treating
an unhealthy stock, preferring to use them more
freely when the plants have become reestablished
and in need of another potting. Charcoal would be
an excellent addition, however(acting as an absorbent).
Cow-dung I would only use as advised in the
case of the bones. The water would not cause the
harm we think, as ours is as you describe yours.
From the further information you give, viz., the
plungini; in cocoa-fibre, I think with you that there
in all probability is a cause of non-success. I would
certainly not like any plants of mine to remain in this
material plunged to the rim of the pots when sodden,
as yours must be. I'lants plunged in such a manner
would hardly ever require water, and the soil, never
having the chance of becoming dry, would soon
be unlit for the roots to work in. Rather than plunge
in cocoa-fibre I would prefer to stand the plants over
a bed of the same material, allowing a circulation of
air to play freely between the pots, I should assume
by the description you further give of finding
dead roots next the pot that this is caused
by the undue amount of moisture that has been
absorbed by the pot itself— finding the roots in a
healthy state among the crocks goes to prove this. I
should infer with you that the Eucharis in its
natural state grows in marshy places, but at the same
time I think there would not be any amount of
stagnant moisture surrounding the plants ; possibly,
loo, the Kucharis in its native home is influenced
by dry and wet seasons, the former counter-
balancing the ill efiects of a long continuance of the
Utter. I do not think " too strong sunlight in sum-
mer " is advisable, but prefer a fair amount of shade,
and when the plants are growing freely a continuous
moist condition in the atmosphere suits them. "The
yellow look about them and leaves dying oft after
turning yellow " would be aggravated, I think, to a
greater degree by the exposure, especially when the
root-action is deficient. " As to growing and flower-
ing them successfully," this ought to be attained
without any difliculty when a house is devoted to
their culture. With such a house in which to flower
and grow them they ought to succeed well, allowing
a temperature of from 60° to 70° at night, and rising
5°, 10°, or 15° by day, according to the weather and
the season of the year. I should in such a case keep
a portion of the stock drier at the root than the rest
in intervals, to induce variations in the period of
flowering. This likewise could be brought about by
transferring a portion of the stock to a drier and more
airy house for a time. The " vinery would be a good
place to summer " a portion of the stock to attain to
the same end. "Liquid-manure" pjight be given
with advantage when the pots have become well filled
with healthy bulbs and robust growth, not before. If
all the soil in which they are growing is in the condi-
tion that you found that in the one pot you examined
I would advise the tre.-.tment to be followed as given
in the first part of this communication. Of soil I
would choose good turfy loam (not too heavy) and
fibrous peat, such as Ferns (the common Bracken in
particular) delight in, about two-thirds of the former
to one of the latter, adding thereto a liberal amount
of silver-sand and bits of charcoal. Good decomposed
leaf-soil would be an inducement to fresh root-action
also, but do not use a great amount.

Should my reply in any way not give sufticient
information on any particular point, I will willingly
add thereto. I am retaining a copy of this note for
the Gardeners^ CJironiclc^ which, with a copy also of
your letter to me, I should like to send to the Editor,
suppressing your name, &c., merely giving initials.
The queries in your note and the replies thereto may
be of some little value to any who have their Eucharis
in a similar state. Hoping what I have written may
be of service. James Hudson^

Manchester Horticultural Improvement
Society. — The next meeting of this Society will
be held on Thursday evening, December 18, when
a paper will be read by Mr, R. D. Astley, on
" Leaves, their Forms and Functions."

J5RITISM APPLES.

Mk. Barkon's is an excellent little work, and does
him great credit for the way in which he has man-
aged the sul'ject by reducing the varieties of both the
dessert and culinary Apples to a comprehensible
limit, in correcting .'Synonyms, and in expunging
worthless varieties, and all this from the broadest
possible basis, as is shown by the number of exhibits
from nearly every part of the IJriiiBh Isks. Perhaps
no man living had a better opportunity of com-
piling such a work from amongst the number of
exhibits brought together on the occasion of the
Apple Congress at Chiswick in 1SS3. The task
was a difticull one, which many, even with a
slout heart, would have shrunk from, but he
encountered the almost insurmountable difliculty,
not only made the most of it, but the best of it. This
little work, together with its elder sister on the
Vine, form the best books extant on each subject
respectively. I should also say that Mr. Barron
was tolerably well supported in supplementary
remarks by some of the exhibitors, many of them
giving very intelligent geological descriptions of their
local beds or formation?, but it is to be regretted that
more did not express themselves more fully on this
point. The opportunity was a good one, which, had
it been embraced, would have added much to the
scientific value of the work, by giving some tangible
proof as to which formation is most genial and favour-
able for the culture of fruit trees. In some of the
remarks several errors havs crept in, unwittingly per-
haps, and which appear also to have escaped the eye
of the worthy author or editor himself, and are to a
certain extent misleading if left unnoticed. These
may be corrected when a second edition of the work
becomes necessary. One of these shows Mr. Stevens,
of Trentham, to be in error when he describes his
Apple trees as growing over the Old Red Sandstone,
evidently mistaking the New Red for the Old.

Nowhere in the neighbourhood of Trentham, or
even in Staffordshire that we are aware of, does the Old
Red Sandstone crop up, and only at one place, viz..
Upper Arley, north of Bewdley, do we find it
mentioned as underlying the coal or carboniferous
formation. Trentham Gardens might more correctly
be described as resting on Permian beds or New
Red Marl formation, sometimes known as glacial
drift, and this of a nature not by any means a kindly
one for the growth of fruit trees of any kind. Hence
we find Mr. Stevens describing Trentham aa a very
poor fruit district. Trentham Gardens, although
immediately on the banks of the Trent, do not enjoy,
as might have been expected, any alluvium deposit,
but higher up, between Hunford and Stoke, there is a
considerable breadth of alluvial deposit, and so there
is also on the banks of the Lyne, or Lyme, a small
brook which joins the Trent near Hunford Bridge. Im-
mediately west of Trentham rises King's Wood Bank,
over which I have many a time walked and ridden.
This is a formation of pebble and conglomerate,
and which stretches southward through Tittensor
Common towards Stunc, forming beautiful ferny
undulating scenery. Westward of this, and in a
parallel line, we again find the Triassic or New Red
Sandstone, if I remember well, of various colours, on
which Apple trees do well. I also remember
somewhere in the vicinity of Beech Dale or Beech
Clitf seeing large excavations for building purposes
of the Keuper sandstone, capacious enough to form
dwellings for the genus homo. In similar quarries
at Kinver, South Staffordshire, I am informed they
are or were really occupied. Whilst speaking of the
Old Red Sandstone, or even of the New, on which, by
the warm arenaceous red loam, we might perhaps,
from a pomological point of view, be pardoned for
going a little further in drawing attention to the fact
that the best fruit tree districts of Great Britain lie
chiefly upon red rocks, sometimes of the Old and
sometimes on the New Red series. From the warm
soils of Cornwall and South Devon we have early
Lettuce?, Peas, Potatos, and Cauliflowers. Then we
have the orchards on the warm soils of the Old Red
of North Devon, Monmouth, Hereford, Gloucester,
and Worcester. Perhaps the best Apples in England
are grown in these districts. We have just had a cask
sent us from one of these counties containing some
of the finest specimens of Apples we ever saw — such
Blenheims, King of the Pippins, and Prince's Pippin 1
In Scotland we have the Old Red of Berwick and
Roxburgh, covering a great breadth of the valley of
the Tweed. In Clydesdale there are great breadths of

this formation, and fiom Dumbarton in the west to
Stonehaven in the east there is a continuous broad
band of the Uid Red on which there are many excel-
lent orchaids ; in this bnnd is the plain called the
Carse of Gowrie, lying between theSidlaw Iliil.i and
the Firth of Tay, which in former times was famous
for its Apples. \'et we tind in Barron's Biitish
Jj'/'il-s Dr. Robertson, of Kern Bank House, Krrol,
whilst admitting this, complaining of the sadly
neglected state of the orchards of the Carse, giving
proof of what might be produced by instancing the
weight of a Lord Sult'ield at 17,^ oz., and praying
for a more enlightened cultivation. Krrol may
not, however, enjoy the direct influences of the Old
Red.

I must now ask the indulgence of the reader
for a few remarks on the Old Red of the Cromarty
and Moray Fiiihs, amongst which my esteemed
namesake, the late Hugh Miller laboured, with
such zeal and success, out of which he disinterred
his first found specimen of ichthyolite, afterwards
acknowledged by Agassiz and other geologists as the
famous Ptcrichlhys Milleri, a diagram of which lies
before me. I cannot gather from Britis/i .4///t-Jthat
anything very particular came from these northern
countries, Mr. John Clark, of Brodie Castle, remark-
ing that on "comparing notes with others, he has
come to the conclusion that Apples do not grow to
the same size, nor ripen so well in the North, as they
used to do." Nor do I find that the editor or
author in his observations has anything much better
to say in their praisf J I am certainly of opinim that
a barrel of good Apples from Hereford or Wor-
cester would be more appreciable, and save much
labour as well as expense in the culture of unsatisfac-
tory orchards. This being so, we need not from a
pomological point of view say more about the Old Red,
further than that it forms a framing or border along
both littorals of the Murray Frith, along the north-
east coasts of Cromarty, Ross, and Sutherland, so far as
Golspie or the Duke of Sutherland's Castle of Dun-
robin, most of which is interrupted by an upheaval of
igneous or granitic rock, extending broadly again
throughout the greater part of Caithness, the Orkney
Islands, and even along a portion of the east coast of
southern Shetland,

Mr. Shingles, of Turtworlh, no doubt speaks from
the "book" when he describes his trees as growing
on a soil of sandy loam resting on the Old Red
Sandstone. Within a radius of say a mile of Tort*
worth Court there may be found as many as eight
distinct formations or beds ; — i, Red Marl or Keuper;
2, Penarth beds ; 3, Lower Lias Clay and Limestone ;
4, Old Red Sandstone; 5, Carboniferous Limestone
and Shale; 6, Carboniferous Limestone; 7, Upper
Llandovery ; 8, Ludlow beds. There may be more,
but those are sufficient to show what a most interest-
ing neighbourhood, geologically speaking, that of
Tortworth is. Then there are so many To*twortlis : —
I, T. Court ; 2, T. Green; 3, T. Park, and 4, T.
Copse, all lying, less or more, on one or other
of the above formations. The neighbourhood is
evidently one well suited fur Apples, for we find Mr,
Barron making the following very complimentary
observations on Mr. Shingles' collection, "A remark-
ably firm, clean, well-grown lot of fruit, and very
correctly named."

To finish my observations on the Red Sandstone
systems, I might perhaps be allowed to give a
tabular arrangement of rocks, i.c.y supposing ihem
all to be in silu, lying between the New Red Sand-
stone and the Old Red Sandstone. " New Red Sand-
stone " is merely a geological term to distinguish be-
tween the two formations, the one lying above the
Coal or Carboniferous formations, the other below.

( R.ilireru'is Mails.
Tria£iic . . . . ■! Mu£chelka!k— war.linK in England.

' Upper New Red Sandslone.
r, . t MacDe.sian Limestone.

Psnman . . | ,,j,„.„ ^^^ r,^ Saiiii.tor.e.

/Coal measures.
Millstor.e-grit.

— — 1 Mot-ntain Limestone.

\\ owcr Coal measures
[ Yellow Sandstones.
Old Red Sand- Fossililerous Liracstoric and slaty Shale,
s'.one, or De- -, Red Conglomerates, Sjudslnncs, and Corn-
vonian .. stones; Grey Sandstone, f Ijgs, and Con-

\ glomerales.

Some of these formations or strata form beds of from
300, 400, 600, and some, as for instance, the moun-
tain Limestone, over 1000 feet in thickness. That
may give some idea, but nothing more, of the depth
between the New Red Sandstone and thi; Old.

Names are often catching, and it may probably

748

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December rj, 1SS4,

have something to do with it, that Huyh Milltt wrote
a work, having for its title, The Old Red Sandstone^
of which many may have heard but few read — that
on seeing red sandstone crop up it is concluded at
once to be the old. This has so often happened to
our knowledge that we cannot help mentioning it,
and when we meet the remark with the negative, the
interogaiive immediately follows. Is it not the Old
Red which lies beneath the coal ? The reply is *' no,"
but the New which lies above it. Let no one make
any mistake, that throughout the whole of Warwick-
shire, Staffordshire, and Cheshire — for in these counties
it is largely developed — that whenever sandstone may
be seen cropping up, it may safely be concluded as
belonging to one or other of the Permian or Triassic
group. Out of quarries of these, more or less hard
and of various colours, are built most of our churches,
church spires, and the larger of our midland county
mansions — the very hard white freestone from
quarries at Hollington, in the Churnet valley, near
Uttoxeter, being much used.

A hydrograpbical error, to which it will be neces-
sary to call attention, is that made by Mr. Barden,
gardener at Offchurch, Bury, near Leamington, who
describes his situation as very damp, close to the
River Trent, &c. Mr. Barden should have described
his situation as on the River Leam, a tributary of the
Shakesperean Avon, having its rise in Northampton-
shire, near Daventry, flowing south-westward through
Offchurch and Leamington, falling into the Avon at
Guy's Cliff. Several tributaries of the Trent take
their rise in Warwickshire — thtse are the BIythe,
Tame, and Anker ; but the Trent takes its rise some-
where in the elevated country between Biddulph and
Mow Cop. The greater portion of Warwickshire lies
in the basin of the Avon, a tributary of the Severn, to
which greater basin Warwickshire really belongs, the
area of which is 4437 square miles.

Mr. Barden makes further mistake by spelling the
name of his honourable employer with a *'W. " —
Winch, The name of the good old family of Ayles-
ford has for the last 200 years at least been spelt with
an "F." — Finch, and there is no reason whatever
why the heir presumptive to the Aylesford estates
should make any new departure from the original.
W> Millsr, Coombe Abbey Gardens,

A GLOUCESTER JAM FARM.

Lord Sudeley's Home Farm, near Teddington,
Gloucestershire, was four years ago an ordinary arable
farm, for which nobody would offer the previous rent
of £1 per acre. But previous successes in the neigh-
bourhood incited the proprietor to convert it into a
large fruit-growing establishment. Afier draining,
levelling, burning clay, planting hedges, designed, on
growing up, to shelter the fruit plantations, Plum
trees (6 feet standards) three years old, from a nursery
started in advance of the experiment, were planted in
rows of 15 feet apart. These were interspersed with
rows of Raspberries, Gooseberries, or Currant bushes
in the quincunx arrangement. Thus straight and
interminable vistas now open in every direction of the
plantation. Very careful staking is required. As
the stakes are all creosoted for the 18 inches that is
below the ground, and there were no fewer than
40,000 Plum trees to be staked, a creosote tank and
furnace were built. Fixed in the ground S inches
from the tree, and tied to it at its top simply by a
wisp of straw, the stake is thus prevented rubbing the
bark. Of course there is endless weeding, picking,
and carrying. Sometimes over 300 workers are thus
employed. Some 3000 Canadian Poplars surround
the farm. They are planted i yard apart, and will
ultimately make an impervious wall, the trunks meet-
ing and pollarded at 18 feet above the ground, as in
Kent.

In the jam factory, situated in the old farm build-
ings, and let to Mr. Beach, some forty hands are
employed. In one of the eleven copper cans, just
cleaned, is poured a jug of water, and into the water
28 lb. of white sugar — best Dutch crushed, as it is
called, being a mixture of half-and-half cane and
Beetroot. When the sugar is dissolved, 24 lb. of
Raspberries— some of it, perhaps, gathered only an
hour or two since — are thrown in, and then the crimson
mixture, foaming and bubbling under the heat of
steam (50 lb. pressure to the square inch) from the
great boiler in the adjoining stable, is for about eight
minutes stirred and critically examined with the aid
of a long wooden ladle, till, being pronounced ready,

it is run olt into another copper and canitd into ihe
old cattle-shed, now fitted up with dressers and
shelves, where it is adroitly transferred to ihirty-si\
bottles, each now containing \\ lb. of the most
brilliant Raspberry jam. As soon as the air-tight
covers are tied on these bottles are ready to be
despatched to the four corners of the globe, or, as the
case may be, to take their place on the well-laden
shelves among the Gooseberries, Currants, and
Strawberries, to await their turn to go. Some idea
of the extent of Mr. Beach's business may be obtained
from the fact that the bottles used in a year cost
about ,^1000. The setting of the fruit is assisted by
the visits of bees to the flower, and there is here an
apiary consisting of 165 hives, under the care of an
experienced bee-master. Forestry.

GARDEN PALMS.

[Continued from p. yjg.)

Calyptrocalyx ^ Blume. — Only two species of this
genus are known, one of which is represented at Kew
by a large flowering specimen 12 feet high. The
stem is about 6 inches in diameter, marked with
numerous rings or scars placed closely together. The
head is composed of a rather thick arrangement of
spreading pinnate heads with short petioles and
regular lance-shaped pointed segments, with the cen-
tral nerve somewhat prominent on the under-side. I
have not seen seeds of this Palm,' but they are de-
scribed as being olive-shaped, as large as a Hazel-nut,
and covered with a succulent pericarp, or, when old,
brown and fibrous. A tropical genus, preferring a
moist and somewhat shaded position.

C. spicatus^ Blume. — Moluccas.

Calyptrogyne^ Wendland (including Calyptro-
noma, Grisebach and Wendland.) — Dwarf orna-
mental Palms, closely related to the Geonomas,
in which genus several of the species were at
one time included. Their erect long-stalked
flower-spikes are developed freely from the axils
of the crowded leaves, adding not a little to the
grace and beauty of the whole plant. Several of
the Kew plants have flowered. The leaves are
pinnate, dark shining green, and on flowering speci-
mens about 6 feet long. The pinnse vary somewhat
in width, and in their distances from each other along
the rachis ; they are lance-shaped with a long tapering
point. Fruit egg-shaped, from 4-inch to I inch long
with a fibry pericarp enclosing an oblong or slightly
compressed seed. Cotyledon bipartite.

Like the Geonomas and Chamsedoreas these Palms
thrive best in a tropical moist and slightly shaded
house.
fe C. elata, Wendland.— Hab. ?

C. Ghiesbreghtiana^ Wendland (Geonoma Ghies-
breghliana, Wendland ; G. magnifica and G. Vers-
chaffeltii, Hort.), Bot. Mag. t. 5782.— Mexico.

C. sarapiqiiensiSy Wendland, — Hab. ?

C. spicigera, Wendland. — Guatemala.

C. Sioartzii^ "Mountain Thatch Palm" (Calyp-
tronoma, Grisebach and Wendland). — West Indies.

Caryota^ Linnaeus. — All the species of Caryota are
easy to distinguish from the rest of the Palms by the
bipinnate character of their foliage. Like the Cala-
muses they all are first-class ornamental Palms, both
when young and when large in size. In the Palm-
house at Kew several species of Caryota are promi-
nent objects of majestic beauty, whilst one of them,
viz., C. Rumphiana, is, perhaps, the most nobie
looking Palm that has ever been seen in this country.
The dimensions of this specimen ate as follows : —
Height of naked stem, 25 feet ; of head (measuring
to top of highest leaf), 24 feet ; spread of head,
40 feet; length of leaf, 22 feet; width in widest
part, 17 feet ; length and width of segments,
15 inches by 6 inches ; approximate number of
segments on each leaf, 1820. In the same house,
C, Cummingii, C. urens, and C. sobolifera may be
seen in finely developed condition, and generally
bearing several of their large flower bunches. For
large tropical houses there are no Palms better fitted
and more likely to prove satisfactory than the Gary-
otas. They may be planted out when quite young,
and a shaded position seems to be no less agreeable
to them than one with plenty of light. Quite as
much may be said in favour of Caryotas for cultiva-
tion in pots in small houses. They are rapid growers,
gross feeders and drinkers, and are less prone to fall
into a sickly state than the majority of Palms are.
Some of the species send out suckers from the bases
of the old stems, and these may be used for propa-

gating purposes. All the species have the singular
habit of flowering from the top of the stem down-
wards. "After arriving at maturity they throw out a
flowering spadix from the uppermost axil, and then
from the next leaf-axil down, and so on downwards
till all the leaf-axils down to the very base of
the stem have flowered, after which the stem
dies." All the Caryotas are unarmed, with the
stem, when bared of the sheathing leaf-stalks,
brown and annulated. The leaves are never clustered
in a dense head, but are produced at rather wide
intervals along the stem. The leaf-segments are
smooth, shining, broadening from the base upwards,
wedge-shaped, sometimes almost rectangular, the end
being irregularly toothed or prasmorse ; in form they
are not unlike a fish's fin. The flowers are borne in
immensespadices, sometimes 12 feet long by about 2 feet
in diameter, and drooping so as to look like a horse's
tail. Flowers monoecious. None of the Kew plants
have ever ripened fiuit. Seeds globular or kidney-
shaped, dark brown, covered with a thin, smooth
pericarp ; in size the seeds vary from that of Peas to
Beans— cotyledon with a pair of pinnules.

C, Alberti, F. von Mueller. — Tropical Australia.

C. Blancoi, Hort. Veitch. — Philippine Islands.

C. Cttmtngii^ Loddiges, Bot. Mag., t. 5762. —
Philippine Islands.

C. eU-ganSy Hort. Linden. — Hab. ?

C. furfuracea^ Blume, var. limbala (C, javanica,
Zipp.). — Java.

C. majestica, Hort. — Hab. ?

C. maxima, Blume. — Java.

C, Ochlanda, Hance. — China.

C. Rumphiana, Martins. — Borneo and Moluccas.

C. sobolifera^ Wallicb. — Arracan and Andaman
Islands to Malacca.

C. specicosa, Hort. — Hab. ?

C. urens, Linnseus, "Wine Palm." — Eastern Ben-
gal and Malay Peninsula.

{To be continued.)

BEAUDESE RT.

For beauty of situation, Beaudesert (says a Stafford-
shire paper to which we are indebted for most of the
following particulars) is unrivalled among its peers.
Lord Anglesey's house occupies the finest elevation
on Cannock Chase, and around it for many miles
stretches a beautifully wooded and diversified country.
It is, indeed, said to be possible to see on a clear day
from the windows of Beaudesert into the counties of
Derby, Leicester, Warwick, Salop, Chester, Mont-
gomery, and Flint. The immediate surroundings of
the house are picturesquely rugged: valley and hillock,
Heather and Broom and brushwood, roll away for
miles on every hand. The country hereabout is pro-
fusely wooded, and so retired is the situation that the
thick belts of woodland seem to shut away the outer
world.

Beaudesert, together with extensive tracts of the
land surrounding it, was long an appanage of the
great Midland See. About the middle of the sixteenth
century it came into the possession of Sir William
(afterwards first Lord) Paget, one of the prime
favourites of Henry VHI., and the direct ancestor in
the female line o( the present Marquis of Anglesey.
Very large grants of land were about this time made
to Sir William Paget by the King, and Lord Anglesey
siill owns 14,344 acres in Staffordshire, and
the family received many grants of land and
houses, in the locality, during the King's lifetime.
There was a house at Beaudesert long before the
time of the Pagets, which was altered, enlarged, and
in great part rebuilt by Thomas Lord Paget. The
principal front was built by him, and is an effective
example of late Tudor work. It is of red brick, with
stone embellishments. Its height— it has (our storeys
— is better proportioned to the length of the fa^aJc
than is the case with many buildings of the same
period. There are two slightly projecting wings, and
the entrance porch, which is entirely of stone, is like-
wise in relief. This projection terminates on the
roof line with an open bell-tower, beneath which is a
clock, and this, like each of the wings, is crowned
with a gilded vane. The shape of the house is that
of the letter E., a fashion of building which was
greatly in vogue in the sixteenth century, and even
later. The externals of the house were much improved
towards the end of the last century, when the gate-
house, walls, and some other obstructions were
removed. The original characteristics of the building
have, however, not been seriously interfered with.

December 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

749

One of the finest apartments at Beaudesert is the
principal drawing-room, 42 feet long by 27 feet wide.
Upon its walls hangs a particularly fine three-quarter
length portrait, by Holbein, of the fir'st Lord Paget.
The dress is a furred black gown and bonnet. One
of the foreign potentates with whom Lord Paget had
relations appears to have entertained a greater respect
for Henry VHL's favourite than some of his modern
critics, for he said of him that " He was not only fit
to represent kings, but to be a king himself." The
deeds and evidences here collected were largely drawn
upon by Shiw in the preparation of his incomplete
history of Staffordshire. The great gallery, which is
so delightful and distinctive a feature of great country
houses of the Tudor and Elizabethan periods, is not

room is a large and haodiome apartment, 40 feet
long by 28 feet wide, with a richly-ornamented
vaulted ceiling. It was added in the latter days of
the eighteenth century. Beaudesert contains many
other fine apartments, full of old furniture and adorned
with many interesting family portraits and pictures by
old masters. It is a house in which comfort is more
studied than statelincss.

Beaudesert has long been noted for its extensive
range of stabling and coach-houses. These lie at
some distance from the house in one of the pretty
little valleys which diversify the park. They are
entirely modern, and are built of dazzllngly white
stone. Beyond the stabling, which forms a long
crescent, lie the large gardens, which are mainly

seasons. Hill and valley, grove and dell, make one
of the most charming pictures imaginable. There are
several springs of water in the park, but nothing
worthy the name of a stream. Water is, indeed, the
one scenic effect which is lacking in the lovely sur-
roundings of Beaudesert.

Mr. J. Renshaw, the present head-gardener, stales
that the quaint-looking flower garden, which consists
of a rather intricate pattern, in the fashion of the
Hyacinth and Tulip beds of a former age, is now
usually planted with the ordinary kiiids of bedding-
out subjects, and which doubtless forms in summer
and early spring a pleasing picture as seen from the
windows, and being surrounded by a wall on several,
and by the house itself on one side, it makes a retired
spot for a stroll or a lounge.

Fig. 129. — THE FLOWER GARDEN AT BEAUDESERT.

wanting at Beaudesert. It runs almost entirely across
one portion of the house, and is 97 feet long by 17 feet
wide. It has a lofty moulded ceiling, and is one of
the pleasantest rooms in the house. The gallery con-
tains some finely carved and inlaid furniture, and
recesses in the walls are fitted with bookcases. There
is here much glorification of the times of "good Queen
Anne," for in compartments over the recesses are
painted a series of pictures of the more important
battles of the famousarmy of the Dukeof Marlborough,
which " swore so dreadfully in Flanders." There is a
small gallery over the entrance to the great hall, in
which is kept a handsome mahogany-cased organ,
presented to a former owner of Beaudesert by George
III., who had a nice taste in organs : the poor old
King was wont to solace himself during bis confine-
ment at Kew by playing upon Handel's own instru-
ment. This organ was made by Pyke. The dining-

devoted to the growth of fruit and vegetables. The
flower gardens and pleasure grounds immediately
surround the house. To the late Mr. Fames very
great praise is due for adopting the sensible but unfor-
tunately not always obvious course of arranging the
grounds and gardens with some regard to the sur-
rounding scenery. A finer site for the landscape
gardener could hardly be found, and Mr. Fames made
his terraces and prospects and vistas in such cunning
wise that it is difficult to tell where Nature ends and
Art begins. The views from these grounds alike over
the park and into the distance are exceedingly fine.
The park itself is the very ideal of the picturesque.
It is extremely unlike a conventional park, with its
dotted trees and level expanse of grass : it is broken
and rugged, thickly wooded with groves of old Oaks,
opening out into shady glades, where the fallow deer
browse coolly in summer and snugly in colder

ALPINE PLANTS.

Alchemilla alpina and Saxifraga aizoidks.
— The nonappearance of these on the Welsh hills
made their discovery some time ago in Perthshire all
the more welcome. The alpine Lady's Mantle I found
pretty abundant alongside the mountain rivulets and
on the little patches of grass which here and there
occur on most hillsides. From the common Lady's
Mantle this alpine species is readily known by the
leaves, which are much smaller, divided almost to the
base, and only serrated at the extremity. It is one of
our most elegant native plants ; indeed, I am not
aware that by any it is surpassed in beauty of foliage,
for the soft, white, silvery hairs with which the stem
and undersides of the leaves are covered give to the
plant an unusual and beautiful appearance. The
procumbent habit renders this plant valuable for the

750

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[December iv iS

lock garden, wheie it deligbls to r.tsile in any damp,
gritty nook.

In the yellow mountain Saxifrage we have another
beautiful addition to rock plants. It is plentiful in
almost similar situations to the Alchemilla, but
evidently prefers a moist situalicn, as the finest patches
I noticed were adhering to the sides of damp, almost
dripping rocks. It seldom exceeds a few inches in
height, and is coversd for a considerable part of the
season with an abundance of desirable yellow flowers,
A. D. IVebiler.

l0sir|),

Treatment of Pot Roses. — The main object of
growing Roses in pots U to get them in flower when
they cannot be obtained out-of-doors, and they are
usually more highly esteemed in the spring than late
in the autumn. Roses are often not so well managed
in private gardens as they ought to be, the usual
reason for this being the plants are not sufficiently
cared for during the period they are out of bloom. It
is a treat during the spring months of no ordinary
kind to visit large nurseries where Roses are exten-
sively grown in pots. The plants are in the best pos-
sible health, leaf and growth, buds and flowers are
perfect. How is it all managed ? some persons may
ask. The reason is not far to seek. At no period
are the plants neglected ; during every month of the
year they are under the care of the cultivator, all their
wants being duly supplied. We talk about the rest-
ing period of plants and trees, but at no season do
they absolutely rest, ard it is dangerous to act at any
period of the Rose's growth as if the plant suspended
its functions. I have seen a collection of pot Roses
placed into the corner of an open shed in the early
part of the winter, and there they were left until the
soil was dust-dry and the branches loaded with a
thick coat of dust. Good blooms could not be
expected from plants so ill-used the following season.
During the summer and autumn months the plants are
seldom well cared for in private gardens, they are
placed out-of-doors, it may be in a good position, but
the person who has charge of the R-ises is probably
overburdened with work during that period, and
although the Roses may be well attended to with
water, they suffer from attacks of mildew and gietnfly,
which cripple the growth by preventing its lull
development. In hot weather red-spider may also
attack the old leaves, while the aphis is checking or
destroying the young ones. Remedies are applied
when it is loo late, and herein is the dill'erence be-
tween the trade grower and that of gardeners or
amateurs. The instant mildew appears on the leaves
it is destroyed or checked by a slight dusting of
sulphur. Gieenfly is deslroyed by dusting with
tobacco powder, or in some other way, and the Rose
bushes are kept growing and in good time completely
mature their wood and buds.

By the end of September the earliest forced bushes
will have completed their growth, and the latest by
the end of the folio*ing month. In October the
early flowering plants may be pruned, but before
doing so it is best to allow them to become com-
paratively dry at the roots to prevent bleeding.
They should have been repotted previous to being
pruned ; indeed, it is belter that they be well tslab-
lished in their floweiing-pots by that time. The
month of August is a good time to repot them.

The U'jse likes a rich, substantial compost— tuify
loam four pails, one part decayed stable manure, and
an 8-inch potful of crushed bones to each barrow-
load of soil ; some broken charcoal may also be
added tJ it ; it is valuable by its mechanical action to
keep the compost open and sweet. The pruning
should he done at intervals ; in fact, those that are to
fl .wet Ule must not be pruned until February. Re-
ferring again to the earliest bloomers : after pruning
they mii-t be kept rather dry than wet, and in a cool,
airy place, but it is a mistake to allow thtm to
become dust-dry ; that treatment destroys the points
of the active rootlets, which has the effect of mate-
rially weakening the subsequent growths, with a cot-
responding deterioration in the quality of the flowers.
The rjoti are never dormant, but are in constant
growth when the temperature is above the freezing-
point. If the plants can be placed in a forcing-
house, it is not difficult to grow them to a
high state of per lection. A light house, where

they can be placed near the glass, with the
tight temperature until the flowers open, will
command success ; and it is here that the profes-
bional grower has the advantage — in light span-
roofed houses in which the Roses are constantly
under the care of some one thorouglily conversant
with their needs, and which are set apart entirely for
Roses, the temperature and ventilation has not to be
altered to suit a miscellaneous collection of other
plants. I have had the greatest success with them
when we could place them in a vinery that was started
early in December. The moist atmosphere, and a
temperature of about 45°, which was gradually
increased as the buds moved, seemed to answer
admirably ; by the lime the Vine leaves began to
shade the Roses, it was time to start the second house,
and they were removed into that where the flower-
bivis began to open before the \'ine leaves were deve-
loped ; ihey were then removed into the greenhouse
or conservatory. AVhat they require when forced
early is a rather low temperature to begin with, and
later they must not be forced too rapidly, unless there
is a corresponding development of the roots. Under
gUfiS, as in the open air, the leaves and young growths
are attacked by mildew and greenfly, but neither of
these parasites should be allowed to rest a day on the
plants.

When they are in full growth they may be supplied
with weak manure-water about twice in a week, and
I do not care to syringe them after ihe buds are well
started. When the temperature in which they are
growing is about right, and the atmosphere sufticiently
moist, the leaves will have a drop of moisture attached
to the serratures of every leaf in the morning. The
treatment given above is for hybrid perpetual, hybrid
China, or other strong-growing Roses. The Teas, as
I have stated in a previous number, should have a
third part of light sandy peat added to the above
compost, and the plants ought not to be turned out-
of-doors at all, but should be kept in a light airy
house all through Ihe season. I do not say that it is
absolutely necessary that they should be kept under
glass, but if it can be done so much the better,
y. Douglas.

FRUIT NOTES.

Court Pempu Plat Apple. — The question
raised in these columns recently by Mr. Byass as to
the position nf this well-known Apple in a compe-
tition for dessert kinds has not been satisfactorily
replied to by Mr. Rutland, because the meiits of the
case are not touched. Mr. Byass complained that, when
showing a small collection of desseit Apples at South-
ampton in 1SS3, he was disqualibed because a judge
objected to Court Pendu Plat, one kind in the col-
lection. Of course the term "disqualified" is here
improperly used, because if he exhibited the correct
number of fruits, not a score of judges could disquali.''y
him. It may be that the "judge" thought his
sample of the kind named was wanting in quality,
and therefore preferred another collection, but that is
a matter upon which only those present at the time
could give an opinion. The dish of Couit Pendu
Plats shown at the recent exhibition may have been,
on the other hand, excellent samples, and if they
were, were doubtless fully entitled to all the honours.
As to the position Court Pendu Plat may occupy as a
desseit kind, it is worthy of remark that it is always
very prominent at Apple competitions ; that it is
classed in the /)?/// Maiinal a^^ an excellent kind, and
in the Apple Congress report as of first quality ;
indeed, no fewer than seventy-one dishes of it were
t^hown at that congress. Again, in the Apple
election of dessert kinds by 130 exhibitors from all
parts of the country, out of sixty kinds selected
Court Pendu Plat comes tenth on the list with
twenty-nine votes, thus showing that it is a kind held
generally in high estimation. No doubt there are
many more free-bearing kinds, but the one under
notice, if not of the best, is one of excellent parts,
and will long be exhibited in collections of desseit
kinds. A. D,

Apple Bramley Seildlinc,.— There has recently
been an article in the Daily Telegraph upon Ihe
Chiswick Apple Congress, but the liramlcy Seedling
fruit is omitted, and I wish its superiority to be
known far and wide. As a late culinary Apple it is
not surpassed, and I have had the fruit in full per-
fection as late as even the middle of May, The tree,
in growth, is strong, healthy, and handsome, and a
capital bearer. Trees of other sorts suffered with me
during the unfavourable seasons three and four years
ago, but Bramley Seedling was not in the least degree
afifected, nor did the Apple crop fail, I am awp.re
that this Apple obtained a l''irst-class Certificate at

Chiswick in 1S83, where my neighbour, Mr. Merry-
weather, of Southwell, sent some samples. It is not
merely in this part of England that it llourishes, for
Mr, Merrywealher some years ago sent some trees
into the South, and he has more lately been informed
that the fruit gives the highest satisfaction. /■-". //',
Gai roiv^ Bihthorpc Rectory^

CONKLiND Peach. — This is figured in a recent
number of the Revue Hof-iicoh', and is described as a
prolific variety ripening at the end of August. The
fruit is a freestone of medium size, apricot-yellow,
flushed with deep red, with a deep suture and a
delicate flavour. The leaves have globose glands,
and the flowers are large and rosy.

GARDEN WORK.

Wjnter has come upon us with a suddenness that
but few, if any of us expected, for while enjnying
such lovely open weather we could hardly realise ihat
we were nearing December ; but frosts and a heavy
iall of snow have brought the fact home to us, and
without some plan or forethought we shall soon be
walking about imagining we have nothing to do.
This unhappy condition need never fall to the lot of
gardeners, for instead of being frozen out, such a
change as that we are now experiencing ought to
make us extra busy, as with fiuit and root stores to
look over and see to, sticks and labels to make, pots,
glass, plants, and painted woodwork to wash and
clean, manure and soil heaps to turn and wheel on
the land, sheds to clear up, and tools to sharpen or
mend, every one may be kept profitably employed for
days or weeks at a stretch. Turning to the roots
first, it should be borne in mind that nothing sufltrs
so much in a general way as Potato?, which, heaped
together, as they usually are, and Itft to themselves,
generate heat and sweat, and unless the heat and
moisture are let off by turning or moving the tubers
many of them rot, and the whole of them sprout, the
decay causing taint, and this, with the sprouting,
detracts from the quality and quite spoils the flavour.
To keep Potatos in good order there is no place like
a dark shtil or cellar, where they can hs. laid out on
a hard dry floor, when Iht-y may easily be shovelled
over and thus moved frequently without any handling.
Tubers intended for seed ought to be spread out very
thin and never covered, unless there is danger of
frost reaching them, for when there is anything over
them it is surprising how soon they be^in to grow, and
exhaust themselves by sending out numbers of shoots.
This being so, every eft'oit should be made to prevent
such weakening by giving plenty of air, that the
temperature of the shed may be kept down ;
and where it can be done it is a good plan to
lay all kidney kinds out singly, or, better still, to
pack them on end, crowns uppermost, ia shallow
boxes or on shelves, when they break and sprout
strong. If Onions are to be had sound they
must be strung and hung up, as it is only
by having the air playing on and among them that
they can be kept from decay. The best place I have
ever found for them is an open shed where there is
always a draught passing through, and here, roped up
and suspended to nails, ihey remain plump and soui.d
till others come in the spring. If Carrots and Beet
are properly stored away they require little looking
to, but if not stacked they should have that attentiun,
and the spaces between filled in with sand or diy
earth, which will keep them in excellent order.
Fruit of all kind needs inspection daily, and any wiih
the least spot or blemi'sh ought to be picked out and
used first, for if the room is the least damp fungus
starts on the afl'ected parts, and decay follows quickly
after. If fires be used to dry the air the ventilators
should be thrown open, that the temperature may not
be raised, as any extra heat ripens Apples and Pears
rapidly, and makes the latter go soft in the middle.
Labels or tallies are best ms-Je out of yellow deal
laths, as they are most durable, but stakes for
soft-wooded plant tying are preferable from Elm
and Nut stubs, and if these are pointed,
trimmed and tied up close and straight In bundles
now they will be seasoned and hardened when the
time comes to use them, h'or Achimenes and such-like
Privet shoots answer well, but these should be cut
and stored like the others. Hooked pegs for layering
Strawberiies, Carnations, &c., or fastening down
bedding plants, may be got in plenty from old Birch
brooms, which ought to be saved for the purpose, but
for Koses and shrubs I prefer stout galvanised wire,

December 13. 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

75'

and a stock may be made from this, of various lengths,
to suit the soil or the plants for which they are wanted.

If people only knew how important light and sun
are at this dull season, they would never tolerate
dirty glass, which obstructs these vivifying
and life-giving agents ; and this being so the in-
terior of houses should be thoroughly washed, which
will not only let in the much desired light, but im-
prove the paint and wood and do away with in-
numerable insects. The way to set about the work is
to remove all plants and get some hot water in which
some soft-soap has been dissolved, and with
this the whole inner surface of the house should
be syringed, that the dirt may be so.iUed, when
a very little scrubbing will bring the whole ofl'.
For the glass there is nothing equal to a hand-
brush, the long bristles of which spread over a
large space, .and are sulicciently stiff to start the slimy
deposit, which, when once moved, may be rinsed off
by the aid of the garden engine, which ought to
be plied with force immediately the scrubbing is
done. Tlie next thing is to dry the floors and walls
by having heat in the pipes and air on, and as soon
as the walls are lit they should be lime-washed,
which, with the other cleansing process, will render
any house sweet and clean, and in lirst-rate order for
growing the plants. If these need overhauling they
should be thoroughly looked to, and if the leaves are
large the whole may easily be sponged or hand-
washed with clear soapy water, which, by removing
any deposit blocking and filling the pores, does an
immense deal of good, as the plants can then breathe
freely, and regain their lost health.

In case of insects on the foliage, such as scale
or thrips, to which Camellias and Azaleas are
subject, the best plan is to lay the plants on
their sides and syringe them so as to thoroughly
wet them all over with dilute nicotine soap, which
destroys the parasites at once, and a rinsing after will
carry them olT. Mealy-bugs on stove subjects are
not so easily dealt with, and can only be vanquished
by waging incessant war, first wetting them with
strong insecticides, and then bringing them under the
force of water, so as to get them out of the buds and
all crevices where they secrete and web themselves
over. Xot only is it necessary for the well-doing of
plants that they should be free from insects, and ha^e
clean faces and houses in the same condition to grow
in, but they must also have clean pots, for without
these the soil is sure to become stagnant and sour,
and roots, when it is in that state, cannot live.
Here, then, is another job on which hands may be
profitably employed, and besides those pots with
plants in there are all the empties, which should be
plunged in warm water to soak, when they may be
scrubbed quickly and placed in an inverted posiiion,
one on the other, to dry, after which they should be
packed away according to size. ^. .S",

loriiats' flouj^rfj.

Chrysanthemum Cui.t.ingfordi.— This very fine
new variety is a disinct and decided advance in the
section of reflexed Chrysanthemums, it being so large
in size, full in substance, broad in the petal, and
brilliant in colour. It distances the old types, such
as Julia Logravere, King of Crimsons, Crimson
\>lvet, and George Stevens, a new variety, which
created such a sensation last year. It is fitting that
this fine variety should be named after one who has
done such good service to floriculture as Mr. W, H.
Cuilingford ; and any one attending some of the recent
Chrysanthemum shows must have been struck with
the fine character of many of the reflexed flowers.
They fall behind the incurved flowers in relative
merit ; but when well grown they produce large ball-
like flowers ; and they are very tree of bioom, espe-
cially Christine and its varieties. For conservatory
decoration Julia Lsgravere can hold its own for rich-
ness of colour and freedom of bloom against many
other varieties, and it will always be a great favourite.
The new reflexed Japanese variety, Salteri, is to be
recommended for its colour and handsome flowers ; it
appears to be very free, and will make a fine deco-
rative variety. There is one thing to be said in
favour of the reflexed Chrysanthemums ; that
while they can, to some extent, be helped in ap-
pearance by the manipulation of the dresser, it can
never be to such an extent as in the case of the
incurved flowers, D,, Ealing,

Where alterations in the way of additions or
improvements, either in the flower garden, lawn, or
shrubbery, have still to be carried out, eveiy eft'ort
should be made to push forward such work now, at
this comparatively leisure season of the year, so as
not to allow it to interfere with the general routine
work which comes with the advent of the new year.
In all ground work, such as excavating, levelling,
terrace and road making, and any similar work, it is
diflicult to give anything like precise or useful direc-
tions for its performance. One of the most important
points, one which requires careful consideration and
calculation beforehand, and that must be well under-
stood, is the excavation and removal of earth. The
necessary levels should be accurately taken, so as
to prevent the unnecessary removal of soil from
one place to another. Too often this kind of work
is entered upon without a clear conception of the
ultimate object desired, and also without careful cal-
culation of the best method of performing it, with
the result that the earth has to be moved two or three
times over, and much delay is occasioned thereby.
Another important point when forming terraces or
embankments is to thoroughly consolidate the material
as the work proceeds, so as to prevent any possibility
of sinkage at a later period— an evil which frequently
follows indifferent workmanship, and often necessi-
tates its being re-done. Again, in finishing off the
sloping banks or terraces, especially where they sur-
round or come in close contact with pedestals, retain-
ing walls, or other masonry, the angles or edges should
be left as firm, even, and sharp as possible, so as to
agree in character and outline as nearly as possible
with the more accurate and permanent embellishments
which they surround, the effect of which they are
intended to heighten and improve, but which by
bad execution they frequently disfigure. Roads
and walks, both in the flower garden and
pleasure grounds, are also frequently ill-made, and
instead of being a pleasure and comfort to walk on
are a source of annoyance and discomfort. In forming
roads or walks much will depend on the situation and
subsoil. Where the position is nearly level, and the
subsoil retentive of moisture, eflicient drainage must
be secured so as to remove the subsoil water and rain,
otherwise sound dry walks cannot be ensured. Where
the subsoil is naturally porous, drains, except shallow
ones, for the removal of surface water during heavy
storms are not needed. A good sound porous founda-
tion must, however, be provided, and to do this
efiiciently the natural soil must be removed to a
depth of 9 to iS inches on the outsides, sloping to
2 or 3 leet in the centre of the walk, according
to its width- The trench so formed must be
then filled in with stones and gravel arranged in
four or five layers, each of which should be made
perfectly firm and even before the next layer is laid
on. As to these respective layers, the component
parts may range from large flints, boulders, brick-
bats, or large lumps of hard chalk to the finest
gravel : the chalk must not, however; be allowed
nearer than 2 feet from the surface, otherwise the lumps
become pulverised by severe frosts and prevent quick
drainage. The stones and gravel comprising the respec-
tive layers should be as nearly equal in size as possible.
They should be laid on the same principle as a filter-
bed, the finest being on the surface and the rough
stones at the base. A road or walk so formed will
always be firm, dry, and pleasant to walk on even
immediately after the heaviest storms, while those
indifferently made are the greatest sources of discom-
fort around a residence.

The grass edges of walks and toads should now be
rectified where the outlines have becomes irregular
and uneven by frequent use. Exact measurement
should be made at frequent intervals, and the turf
relaid and cut to the proper line, after which new
gravel may be laid on, so as to give them a neat and
well dressed appearance. The lawn should be kept
free from leaves and rubbish, and if frequent sweep-
ing and rolling in dry weather are also attended to,
with an occasional light dressing of finely sifted lime,
wood-ashes, screened burnt rubbish, or soot in rainy
weather, a dark green velvety turf, free from moss,
will be produced, which will endure in a good con-
dition through the ensuing summer, T. S. C.

IIOKSK Rai')1su. — This is a good time to make
plantings of this useful root — a rout which, if worth
growing at-all, is worth growing well. And with this
object in view it will be necessary to take up a good
lot of the old plantations to select roots from for making
the new, which should be made as follows : — Open a
trench 2 feet wide and about iS inches deep, which
fill up and raise to the height of iS inches (rom the
surface with well decomposed dung and leaves from
an old Cucumber-bed, treading the whole well to-
gether as the ridge is being made into the required
shape. Then put the line down 6 inches from either
side of the ridge, and cover the latter with soil, thus
making a ridge iS inches wide on the top, with the
centre 3 inches lower than the side and end, forming
a sort of trough for the water. In planting select the
second sized roots, which, il they are to be had, should
be from 20 to 30 inches long, and having every little
rootlet the entire length rublied off by drawing the
toots through the closed hand covered with a piece of
coarse cloth ; then plant them in their entirety with
a long dibber, two rows, 1 foot apart, and 8 or 9
inches asunder in the row, on the ridge, and slanting
slightly to the interior of the latter, with the crowns
about I inch under the surface. A pl.-inting should
be made every year in proportion to the quantity of
Horse Radish used in the year, so as to always have
a supply of it good in quality and quantity. No
opportunity should be lost in pushing forward to a
finish any work that may have got in arrears. The
rubbish heap will by this time have accumulated to a
goodly size, and have been turned over a few limes
and divided into separate heaps according to the state
of decomposition, in readiness for present and future
use. Enough Jerusalem Artichokes may be taken up
at one time to serve for a week or two, but in case
of frost the ground should be covered with litter to
prevent its being frozen. The stock of Onions,
Shallots, &c., should be looked over occasionally, and
any bad ones that may happen to be amongst
them removed forthwith.

Forcing Department.— About the middle of
next week the necessary number of hotbeds should
be made for the forcing of Potatos, Carrots, Radishes,
&c. The beds should be made sufficiently high at
the outset to admit of their subsiding a couple of feet,
during the next few months, after which, in order to
retain a moderate heat in the beds, they should te
about 4 feet high. When the frames are placed upon
the beds it will be necessary to put a little dung and
leaves inside them to make the depth at the back part
correspond with that of the front, and over this a
couple of inches thick of rotten dung, then 9 or 10
inches of light garden soil and leaf-mould (about three
parts of the former to one of the latter), should be in
the frames a few days so as to become slightly warmed
before planting the Potatos. These should be
planted in rows I foot asunder and 7 or 8 inches
apart in the row. Before putting the soil on the
bed tread the latter firmly over, and in doing so
allow the centre to be fully high, inasmuch as it is the
hottest part of the bed, and consequently the first to
decompose and subside. Previous to sowing the
Carrot seeds, a few shovelfuls of fresh soot should be
scattered over the surface of the bed and be
scratched in with the rake when levelling the soil.
Early Nantes Horn and James' Scarlet Intermediate
are excellent varieties for early work, and may be
sown in rows at from 9 inches to i foot asunder, and
where accommodation of this sort is not plentiful a
row of Wood's Frame Radish may be sown between
the Carrots, covered with half an inch of sifted soil,
and patted with the back of the spade or a board, to
compress it. At first these frames will require special
attention in the way of airing them, and in order to
prevent steam arising and becoming pent-up
in the frames it will be advisable to leave a
little air on them day and night for the present, and
subsequently to give sufficient to prevent the occu-
pants from making a weakly growth. .See that good
successional supplies of Asparagus, Rhubarb, and
Seakale roots are introduced into this department at
short intervals, and that young Tomato plants are
shifted into larger pots before they become pot-bound
at the roots. Make successional sowings of French
Beans in S-inch pots a little more than half filled wi.h
light rich soil. Eight or nine seeds in each pot will
be ample, and the pots may be placed anynhere in
heat until the plants come through the soil, when they
should be placed near the light, and when they have
grown a few inches above the rim of the pot he
earthedup. The points of the shoots must be pincheil
off, to make them branch. Syringe the plants more
or less frequently, according to the high or low tempe-
rature of the house, of which 55° to 60° will be high
enough at night, to check the incraase, if not actually to
prevent the attacks of red-spider. See that the sup-
plies of Mustard and Cress, Mint and Tarragon are
maintained, ff, IV. Ward, Longford Castle, fVilts,

752

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1S84.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

{'^alc of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Kinil Sale of Putch Bulbs, at Protheroc &
Morris' Rooms.
f Sale of the late Mr. Bockett's Collection of
T,.Bcr..v no,. ■.( I Cool EstablisheH Orchids, at Protheroc &

Ti ESDA%, Dec 16 ^ Morris- Rooms (two days): and of Camrt
( lias. Roses, Azaleas, at their Ciiv Room-;.
( Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Steveiis'
i Rooms.
I Sale of Flowering Orchids, at Stevens'

Thursday, Dec. ,8 .] safe™ri.ilu,m auralum, Plant,, anj RosRs,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

Wfdnf.sdav, Der

V

Friday.

n f Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &

"''■■ '9 ( Morris' Rooms.

r> I Sale ..f Ilnrdv Plants and Hiiliis. at -Stevens'

THE lasl meetings of the year of the Roy.m.
HoRTicuLTUR.\r, .SOCIETY, though neces-
sarily thinly attended by the general body of
Fellows and visitors, are generally invested with
considerable importance, and so it was on Tues-
day last. Not only the affairs of the Society
itself, but of some of the more or less affiliated
societies came under review. As to the general
condition of the parent Society — its practically
homeless, houseless, headless condition — we
need say nothing on the present occasion. This
must and will form the subject of earnest con-
sideration hereafter. For the moment, also, we
would say nothing as to the heart of the Society,
the Chiswick garden, which is in a more satis-
factory state than most other parts of the
Society's organism. As to the committees,
which are not inappropriately called its back-
bone, some important business was transacted.
It isnot necessary for us to endeavour to eulogise
these committees. Every one is agreed as to
their usefulness, though there may be differences
of opinion as to the method in which they are
worked. It will be remembered that last year,
in response to a feeling that certain classes of
plants, unimportant in a commercial sense, or
which are " out of fashion," were practically
ignored, it was decided, as an experiment,
to divide one of the committees, the Floral,
into two divisions — Section A. to take cognis-
ance in general terms of new plants, and
Section B. of that group of plants more par-
ticularly distinguished as florists' flowers. Re-
membering what had taken place in former
years, and the just complaints of many
plant-lovers not specially interested in the com-
mercial aspect of the matter, we assented, in
principle, to the division in question ; but we
are bound to say that in practice the segrega-
tion has acted badly. We still hold the opinion
that, properly carried out, the division would be
advantageous, but it has not been properly
carried out. Plants which should havie been
shown in Section A. have drifted somehow into
Section B., and plants upon which the members
of Section B. would have been the most
appropriate judges have been adjudicated upon
by the members of Section A. The result has
been more or less — more rather than less — of a
muddle. We are not now concerned with point-
ing out how all this might have been avoided.
It was not ; but we may readily find an excuse
for this defect in the overwork thrust upon the
Superintendent in connection with the wholly
exceptional state of things brought about by the
Health Exhibition, and the very numerous and
very successful shows held under its auspices.
Taking things as we find them, we are not dis-
posed to attach blame in any quarter, but
meanwhile the fact remains, that the sub-
division has worked so badly in prac-
tice, that there was a unanimous wish
on the part of all concerned to revert to the
original undivided state. But this is not all.
Complaints have reached us — they always do —
that the constitution or the mode of election into
the committees is not all it should be. There
is some ground for these complaints — there is
usually in the very best regulated societies. As
at present organised the Council appoint the
members of the several committees, and, we
believe, have considerable difficulty in finding
suitable persons who can and will serve. Com-

plaints nevertheless arise, that this or that
person has not been appointed, or that this or
that member ought to be removed, is inefficient,
or has served too long, or that he is, more or
less, biased — it may be honestly or uncon-
sciously— in favourof particular exhibitors. The
feeling has thus arisen, first, that the separation
into Section A. and Section B. be no longer
carried out, on which point definite action has
been taken in the shape of a resolution addressed
to the Council appended to this article ; and,
next, that the committees themselves should have
some voire in the election of members, and
some control over the rules enacted for the
transaction of their business. Seeing that the
committees transact all the really horticultural
work of the Society— that they give their ser-
vices at a great sacrifice to themselves — it is not
unreasonable that they should have some
share both in the election of members
and in the arrangement of the business of
the meetings. As matters stand at present,
the most revolutionary changes may be
made, and have been made, by the Council
without the committees even knowing that the
change has been proposed till it becomes law.
It is, in our opinion, only reasonable that in
future the committees themselves should nomi-
nate each year — of course, subject to the will of
the Council — a certain proportion of new
members to replace those who disappear from
effluxion of time, from non-attendance, or other
cause, and that they should at least be con-
sulted before any change of importance be
carried out. We cannot doubt, for instance,
that the failure of the subdivision of which we
have spoken would have been entirely obviated
had the course been pursued of calling a joint
meeting of all the committees previously to
confer with the Council. The greatest difficulty
of all, however, is to find persons who are at
once competent, independent, and who will give
the necessary time to the work ; and this diffi-
culty, we fear, will still arise, whatever means
be adopted to improve the working of the
committees.

On the same day, and at the same place, the
affairs of the National Auricula and National
Carnation and Picotee Society (Southern Sec-
tion), came under review. It appears that up
to this time no definite code of rules has been
in operation in this curiously composite Society,
and a meeting was called some time since to con-
sider the matter. This meeting came to the
conclusion that the heretofore existing state of
things was not satisfactory, and was the less
so in that dissensions had arisen between the
two secretaries, in consequence of which one of
them, Mr. Douglas, tendered his resignation,
and it was understood that the President had,
or intended to do so likewise. To remedy this
state of things certain measures were proposed
and adopted, if not unanimously, at least by a
large majority. At a general meeting, how-
ever, called to further consider the matter, the
resolutions adopted at the former meeting were
only carried by ten to nine, but this business
being disposed of, the meeting proceeded to dis-
cuss the proposed rules, most of which were
adopted with some modifications, while others
were relegated to the framers of future schedules,
including the one relating to the very important
question as to what constitutes an "amateur."
Into the personal questions involved we do not
care to enter ; it must suffice to point out that,
when the officials of a society are at hopeless
issue, some rearrangement becomes an obvious
necessity, and it is for the members at large to
decide what that rearrangement should be. We
are here concerned with the more generally im-
portant question as to the definition of amateur,
and we greatly regret that no conclusion was
definitely come to upon this burning question.
Mr. HiBBERD's tact as Chairman, under the cir-
cumstances a delicate position, met with general
admiration.

The following is the text of the resolution
sent up from the Floral Committee to the
Council and alluded to above : —

" That the Council be respectfully informed that lliis
committee h.is endeavoured loyally to conform to regula-
tions adopted by tlie Council for the presenl year, the
chief feature of which is the division of the committee
into two sections. The committee had no opportunity
of expressing an opinion in advance of the change, but
now that a year has elapsed, feels bound to say that the
change has proved unfavourable to the despatch of
business. The committee in its divided state cannot
command the variety of l<nowledge and fulne.^s of judg-
ment tliat are requisite to its deliberations, and the
several members, being restricted in their critical con-
sideration of subjects submitted, feel less interest than
formerly in the business that calls them together. More-
over, the restriction limits their compensation for the
time and attention their work demands. Under former
arrangements the con.sideration of every subject by the
whole body was of advantage to all, irrespective of indi-
vidual opinions, and the votes finally taken. (Signed)

"James O'Brien, Chairman A. section.

"Shirley Hibberd, Chairman B. section."

Dr. Voelcker. — Thedeathol Dr. Vof.lcker

removes from our midst a most able, a most agreeable,
and a most conscientious man. Always willing to
assist, he was never desirous of thrusting himself
forward. Had he s.5 chosen he could no doubt have
taken high rank as an original investigator, he pre-
ferred rather to apply his great talent and conscien-
tiousness to the advancement of practical agriculture.
The proper use of suitable manures was one of his
specialities, while he effected much good by protect-
ing farmers against adulterations of manures and feed-
ing stuff. It is sad to think that his useful career
should have terminated at so early an age as sixty-two,
and still more sad to reflect that in all probability his
premature death has been accelerated by over-work.
For some years Dr. A'oelcker held the post of Pro.
fessor of Chemistry at the Royal Agricultural College.
Cirencester, resigning his post there together with
several of the other Professors, amongst them Prof.
BucK.MAN, whose death occurred only a few days
before that of his old colleague. Dr. Voelcker was
for some time a member ol the Scientific Committee
nf the Royal Horticultural Society, and, like Prof.
Elickman, was an occasional correspondent of this
journal.

"The Florist and Pomologist." — The

December number of this periodical, we regret to
say, is to be the last. It has been in existence since
184S, and represents thirty-seven years of labour and
thirty-seven years of progress. More than 600
coloured illustrations have been issued, and of these
an index has been given in recent numbers, which
will often call to recollection the old days of the
Florist and its conduciors — SptNCER of Bowood,
Charles Turner, and last, not least, Thomas
Moore. It has been honestly and conscientiously
conducted, and while we shall miss its monthly
appearance, the coloured plates and the index will
render reference to an old friend frequent and
agreeable.

National Horticultural Society ok

France. — M. LltON Say, Senateur, has been elected
President of this Society, in place of the late M.

LAVALLtE.

The Queen's Seedsmen. — Messrs. Sutton

& Sons, who were the first seedsmen appointed by
special warrant to H.R. H. the Prince of Wales,
have received a Royal Warrant appointing them
seedsmen to Her Majesty the Queen, after having
been honoured with Her M.ijesty's coQimands for
thirty consecutive years.

"The City Diary."— This useful compi-
lation by Messrs. \V. H. & L. Collinrridgk, 148
and 149, Aldersgate, contains a great quantity of
useful information about the City of London — its
guilds, courts, aldermen, police, clergy, &c. — and
should be found in every business man's desk.

National Horticultural Society of

France. — A general mocting will be held at S4, Rue
de Crenelle, S. G., Paris, on Thursday, the i8ih
inst., for the purpose of electing the Council and

The Gardeners' Chronicle, Dec.i3^." i884.

HOTO" Spracue tf c-

My House among the Palms.

Df.cember 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE.

753

officers, viz., two Vice-Presidents, two Secretaries, and
three members of Council. The first meeting for the
year 1SS5 will be held on Thursday, January 8, and a
general meeting on January 22.

— — Ghent Horticultural.— At the monthly
meeting of this Society awards were made as follows : —

Cerfifii-aU'i of Merit to the Compagnie Continenialf
dHoniculture i Gand, for Camguata cardinalis. Vrieso.i
Pasluchoffi.ina. Carludovica Plumicri, and Zjmia Ton-
kinensis : to M. Pvnakrt Van Gerrt, for Caraguata
sanguinea.

Cultural Crrlificjles to M. Ad. D'Hahne, of Gheni,
lor Troton volutus ; to M. Ed. Pvnaert Van Gi^f.rt,
for Snhismatoglos5i5 Robellini : and to M. .Aug. Vax
Gf.ert, sen., Ghent, for Catlleya m.axima.

Commendr! : M. A. D'Haene, for Tillandsia mu-
saira and Geonoma species nova ; MM. ]. Brav.
Ghent, forCypripediuni Spicerianum : Compignie Conti-
iienlalp d'Uorticnlture, for Sonerilia Madame Valt'sch ;
and to M. I,, de Smet nuviviEK, for Pi-scaiorea S,an-
doriana.

Royal Metkorologic.u. SoriKTV. — At the

ordinary meeting of the Society, to be held, by kind
permission of the Council of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, at 25, Great George Street, Westminster,
on Wednesday, the 17th inst., at 7 P.M., the follow-

' ing papers will be read :— " On the Reduction of
Temperature Means from Short Series of Observa-
tions to the Equivalents of Longer Periods " (this
paper will be in type before the meeting) ; by Dr.
Julius Hann, Hon. Mem. R.Met.Soc. "The
Diversity of Scales for Registering the Force of
Wind;" by Charles Harding, F.R.Met.Snc.
" Report on the Phenological Observations for
1SS4 ; " by the Rev. T. A. Preston, M A ,
F.R.Met.Soc. As the draft list of officers and

►• "Council for the year 1SS5 will be prepared at the next
Council meeting, it is requested that those Fellows
who wish to suggest names for the new Council will
send them in before the 17th inst.

The Fallowfield Orchids.— The prin-
cipal prices realised at the sale of the Fallowfield
Orchids sold by Protheroe & Morris at their
Rooms, on December 9, were : — Cypripedium poli-
tum, 64 guineas ; Aerides maculosum, 6 guineas ;
Vanda Sanderiana, 11 guineas; Cypripedium vexil-
larium, 40 gumeas ; Catlleya Trianje alba, 5i guineas.

Society of Arts. — At the weekly meeting

of this Society on Wednesday ne.\t a paper is to be
read by Mr. P. L. Sim.monds on "Our Timber
Supplies, Past, Present, and Future." Sir Charles
TUPPER, K.C.M.G., High Commissioner for the
Dominion of Canada, will preside on the occasion.

Linnean Society. — Papers to be read on

Thursday, December 18, at 8 P.M. :— i, "Contriv-
ances for Self-fertilisation in some Orchids ; " H. O.
FOKBES. 2, " Brain of Carnivora ; " Professor
MlVART. 3, " The Plants of Darjeeling ; " C. P.
ClakKK. 4, "Ornithological Notes;" T. E. GuNN
5, "Aerial and Submerged Leaves of Ranunculus
lingua ; " F. C. S. RoPER.

Cape Bulbs, — We have received a catalogue

of bulbous and other plants collected for and grown
for export by the authorities of the Cape Town
Botanic Garden. We should not, under ordinary
circumstances, mention a trade list other than in the
advertising columns, lest we might incur the charge of
partiality ; but the circumstances are so exceptional
that we do not hesitate to do so. In the first place,
the bulbs offered are of a character rarely met with in
the trade, comprising many old favourites figured in
the early volumes of the Bolanical Ma^azinc^ together
with terrestrial Orchids, some of which have not been
known in cultivation hitherto. Many of the plants
in this list have been grown from seed in the Cape
Town Garden, the only reliable plan when numbers
are required. Some of the older species sent over by
Bowie and Masson have never been found of late
years, such as Daubenya aurea, Spatalanthus spe-
ciosus, &c. It may be mentioned incidentally
that a number of drawings of Masson's have
lately been presented to the herbarium at the
Natural History Museum, South Kensington, by
Mr. Charles Lee, some of them representing plants
introduced by this historic firm many years ago, others
representing plants concerning which no further in-

formation has been since forthcoming. Professor
MacOwan suggests that these plants will eventually
be found in the Malmesbury or Clanwilliam district.
Those desirous of obtaining the varieties olTered in
the list .should apply to Mr. Hurr, of the Botanic
Garden, Cape Town. Messrs. Silberah & Son, 25,
Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, act as receiving or
forwarding agents. If there is any excuse for a
Botanic Garden devoting itself to work which would
in general be better done by a nurseryman, it is to
be found in the peculiar nature of the plants offered.

.Schedules for Self-Instruction.— Mr.

Percy Ingram has forwarded to us, by way of illus-
tration, schedules relating to the cultivation of plants,
which appear to us to be admirably suited for inslruc-
tiona'l purposes. A large sheet of paper is ruled into
compartments of suitable proportionate size, and
which are intended to be filled in with the name,
natural order, native country, description, properties
and uses, situation, soil, method of propagation, and
subsequent cultivation in spring, summer, autumn,
and winter respectively. The young gardener is to
fill in each compartment from the results of personal
observation or information derived from his superiors,
or, failing that, from books. It would be excellent
practice for the young men in the bothy to amuse
themselves by filling up these schedules and to get
their employer to look them through and suggest
what alteration or addition he thought fit. A prize
might be given for the best series, to include a certain
number of such schedules properly filled in with
information relating to fruit and vegetable culture and
other departments of gardening. The matter is one
that might advantageously be taken up by horticul-
tural associations such as, we are glad to see, are
extending in numbers throughout the country. A
prize offered by such a body and awarded after
examination by competent persons would be a proud
thing to win.

Cocaine. — Our readers are familiar at least

with the reputation of the Coca, or Erylhroxylon
Coca, the leaves of which are used as a stimulant,
like Tea or Coffee, and which allay hunger and avert
the sense of fatigue. This much has been known for
years, and was put to the test by the late Sir R.
Christison. Its properties were supposed to be
due to a substance identical, or nearly so, with thein,
the active principle of Tea and Coffee. Latterly this
principle has been isolated, and has been found to
possess such anesthetic properties as even to render
the eye insensible to touch. Its use in surgical
operations is, therefore, likely to become very im-
portant and to be extended to tooth-drawing and
other minor surgical operations. At present its high
price forbids more than experimental use, but the
results have been so uniformly successful that there is
little doubt that as the demand increases the manu-
facture will be extended and cheapened,

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— It is seldom we find the whole proceeds of a
flower show finding its way into the hands of this In-
stitution, but as the need of an addition to its funds for a
worthy object became generally apparent, so we find
the means by which the sums intended for this pur-
pose can be obtained of considerable variety. Cuck-
field, in Sussex, held a Chrysanthemum and fruit show
on November ig and 20, and now we have to con-
gratulate Mr. Ct^Tr.RR on finding his endeavours
rewarded by ^11 2j. 71/., which the Rev. F. Mount,
Cuckfield, has been deputed by the managers of the
Society at Cuckfield to forward to him. This sum
was supplemented by a sum of ;^5 from G. Woolley',
Esq., and £\ from Mr. Balchin. As a spur to the
lukewarm members of the great band of horticul-
turists, it cannot be too often made public, that
collectors of £\o are placed on the books of the
Institution as Life Members, and become entitled to
all the benefits that accrue to such members.

New Chrysanthemums at Messrs. Bull's,

Chelsea. — Mr. Bull has some fine novelties
among these favourite flowers. In the Japanese
section the following were the most conspicuous : —
Beaut^ des Jardins, very fine double flower with long
twisted petals of a brilliant amaranth shaded with
violet, light centre ; a most brilliant colour, and very
distinct. Brise du Matin, fine large double flowers,
spiral rosy-mauve florets, white centre shaded with
chamois, distinct. Madame de Sevin, a fine large
double flower, with spiral petals of a rosy-lilac, white

centre. Madame Antoinette Brunei, a most distinct
and remarkable flower, the base of the florets being
quilled, and of a silvery white, the upper part of the
florets being flat, of a rosy-carmine tinge, spotted
with white. In the large flowering section, Mr.
James Laing, a fine flower of a bright yellow colour,
In the pompon section, Elise Layeillon, orange-
rose, lit up with salmon, centre dark golden- yellow.
All really good things, and likely to become
favourites, especially Madame Antoinette Biunel.

Agricultural Education. —We reprint

the following letter from the Times because it is as
applicable in its way to horticulture as to agriculture,
and the principles are the same in either case : —

"A number of meetings have recently been held in
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire with a view to the
establishment of night classes during the winter for
teaching the scientific principles of agriculture. There
is a growing opinion among the more educated young
men that .agriculture requires somclliing besides com-
missions and inquiries and fair trade. It has been
estimated that the annual waste from careless and un-
skilful methods of managing manure amounts to nearly
^£■5. 000.000. Add to this the want of knowledge in the
purchase of artificial manures and their application, the
waste of feeding stuffs, the odd pieces and corners of
fields that might grow other things beside rank weeds
and Couch-grass, and the waste of time in going to
markets, auctions, and fairs. No industry can afford
this general waste without difficulties, nor will any reduc-
tion of rent or local taxation, or increased price of
Wheat, do anything lor men who make no effort lo
improve their industry by increased scientific knowledge.
The natural history of the wireworni, the lealher-jacket,
the dissolving of bones, the building up of plants, the
judicious mixing of food, and many other things which
larmers would be the better for knowing, can never be
acquired by what is called practical larming. I would
commend these classes to the consideration of the clergy
and all who take interest in the welfare and education of
young men in rural districts."

Economic Plants in Borneo.— Some

items in a recently issued report on the commerce
of Sarawak, Borneo, illustrate the effect of change in
the demand for one article over that for another, as for
instance gutta-percha and indiarubber, which ate
included amongst the principal products of the country.
Thus of the former we find that, in iSSi, 3709 piculs
were exported ; in 18S2, 3576 piculs ; and in 1883,
3397 piculs. It is, however, stated that " as the
extension of territory from Cape Kadwrong to Baram
Point gets opened up, an increase in the output of this
article maybe looked for." In indiarubber a very
important advance has been made during the past
three years, which is accounted lor chiefly by the rise
in the value giving an impulse to collectors who
formerly found it more profitable to work gutta-percha
The amount stands thus :— In iSSi, 558 piculs; in
1882,987 piculs; and in 1883, 1421 piculs. Not-
withstanding that the value of Sago flour was gradually
falling during the greater part of 1S83, the production
was above the average of the previous two years,
when quantities were first stated in the Government
returns, which is mainly to be accounted for by the
fact that raw Sago, previously contracied for at high
rates, continued to come in from the coast. The
manufacture of Sago flour is likely, however, to be
considerably smaller during the current year, unless the
value materially and speedily improves, as manu-
facturers are now offering such low. rates for the raw
material as must check its production,

Victoria regia. — It may be interesting to

record the duration of the flowering period of, and
the number of flowers produced by, a plant of the
Victoria Water-Lily at Kew this year. The seed
from which this plant was obtained was sown early in
March, and the plant was grown in a pot in a small
tank until April 22, when it was planted in the bed in
the large tank specially provided for the cultivation of
this Water-Lily. The first flower opened on July 12,
and was succeeded by others as follows : — On July
15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 29 ; August I, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16,

19, 21, 24, 27, 30 ; September i, 4, 8, <o, 13, 17,

20, 23, 26, 29 ; October 2, 5, 9, 12 ; and November
8. Altogether thirty-three blooms have been pro-
duced, and it will be seen that, with one or two
exceptions, the first thirty-two were expanded one on
every third day. After October 12 we had a sucoes-
sion of dull cloudy weather, and the effect of this on
the plant was lo weaken it, so that the remaining
buds failed to open, and finally rotted. On Novem-
ber 8 another flower expanded, and several buds are

754

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[PErEMBKR 13, 1SS4.

even now in various stages of development. Should
the weather be clear and bright it is probable these
buds will all expand. In iSSjthe first flower opened
on August I, and the last on October 10, twenty-one
flowers being produced altogether. The number of
flowers borne I.y liic plant ol 18S2 was only sixteen,
the first opening on July 2S, and the last on Septem-
ber 27. The exceptionally long and bright summer
of this year accounts for the unusual length of the
flowering period of the Victoria. In the gardens of
Mr. Dixo.v, at Leatherhead, this plant proved even
more successful this year lh.'.n at Kew, over fifty
flowers having been borne by Mr. Drxo.s's Victoria.
Mr. Dixon's extraordinary success in the manage-
ment of this plant is attributed by him to sowing the
seeds in the bed at once, instead of planting them and
keeping the young plant in a pot for a lime. In this
way he succeeded in growing his plant to flowering
size by the beginning of May. The plant at Kew in
1SS2 was raised from seeds ripened by the plant of the
previous year, which also was fiom Kew-ripened
seeds, and the result of this was a sure proof that
artificial cultivation has a deteriorating effect on this
Water-Lily to such an extent as to make a plant of
the third generation both weaker in constitution and
much smaller in the size of its flowers than plants
raised from imported seeds.

Agriculture in the Province of

NovARA, Italy. — In a Government report from
Italy, referring to the Province of Novara, it is stated
that agriculturists form the great majority of the in-
habitants. Cereals, fruit trees. Mulberries, and Vines
are cultivated in the plains and valleys of the district
with constant and immense labour, agricultural
resources being exceedingly limited. In the forest
and pasture regions large properties are the rule, but
in the plains they are subdivided to an extraordinary
extent, which is the immediate and inevitable cause
of considerable temporary and permanent emigration.
The hill region is very extensive and important,
chiefly for Vine growing ; its inhabitants are on the
whole fairly prosperous. A portion of the plains is
almost destitute of water, and here agriculture is in a
very bad state, only to be remedied by the strong
coalition of intelligence, labour, and capital, the
latter being especially wanting. The valleys of the
Po and its tributaries are well irrigated, and abound
wiih natural meadows.

Aristolochia altissima. — Xotwithstand-

ing the lateness of the season, and the cold weather
we have lately experienced, this fine plant continues
to grow and flower. There are some specimens on a
wall on the west side of the herbaceous ground,
Kew, one of which, at least, has seen a good many
winters ; yet, although the plant is evergreen, and
usually regarded as a greenhouse subject, it never
suffers more than the loss of its leaves and the un-
ripened shoots, perhaps, in severe winters. The
cordate acuminate leaves are intensely green above,
shining on both surfaces, and completely hiding the
wall against which it is trained. It was originally
introduced from the island of Candia in 1727, and
enjoys a wide distribution on the continent around
that neighbourhood, as well as in some parts of North
Africa and Asia Minor. It is synonymous with A.
sempervirens, and, although the flowers are incon-
spicuous, should be grown for its handsome daik .
green foliage. There is a figure of the plant in the
Ih/aiiiial Magazine^ t. 65S6.

Struggles between Trees in Danish

Forests. — M. Hansen, Blangsted, according to a
paragraph in Nature, contributes to I.'' J''.xploiatioii
an interesting article on the struggle between trees in
the Danish forests. The chief combatants are the
I^ecch and the P.irch, the former being everywhere
successful in its invasions. The paper refers espe-
cially to the district of Silkeborg in the heart of
I utl.-.nd. Forests composed wholly of Birch are now
only found in sterile sandy tracts ; everywhere ehe
the trees arc mixed, and wherever the soil is favour-
able the I'.eech rapidly drives out the Birch. The
latter loses its branches at the touch of the Beech, or
devotes all its strength to its upper part, where it
towers above the Birch. It may live long in this
way, but it succumbs ultimately in the fight of old
age If of nothing else, for the life of the Birch in
r>enmark is shorter than that of the Beech. The
writer believes that light Is the cause of the superiority
of the latter, fi3r it has a greater development of its
branches than the Birch, which is more open, and

thus allows the rays of the sun to pass through to
the soil below, while the tufted busby top of the
Beech retains them, and thus preserves a deep shade
at its base. Hardly any young plants can grow
under the B-:ech except its own shoots ; and while
the Iteech can flourish under the shade of the Birch,
the latter dies immediately under the Beech. The
liirch has only been saved from total extermination
by the facts that it had possession of the Danish forests
long before the lieech ever reached that country, and
that certain districts are unfavourable to the growth
of the latter. But wherever the soil has been
enriched by the decomposition of the leaves cf the
Birch the battle begins. The Birch still flourishes
on the borders of lakes and other marshy places, where
its enemy cannot exist. In the same way in the forests
of Zeeland the Fir forests are disappearing before the
Pieech. Left to themselves the Mrs are soon replaced
by the Beech. The struggle between the latter and
the Oak is longer and more stubborn, for the branches
and foliage of the Oak are thicker, and cli'er much
resistance to the passage of light. The Oak also has
great longevity, but sooner or later it, loo, succumbs,
because it cannot develope in the shadow of the Beech.
The earliest forests of Denmark were mainly composed
of Aspen, with which the Birch was apparently
associated ; gradually the soil was raised and the
climate grew milder, then the Fir grew and formed
large forests. This tree ruled for centuries, then ceded
the first place to the holm Oak, which is now giving
way to the Beech. Aspen, Birch, Fir, Oak, and
Beech appear to be the steps in the struggle for the
survival of the fittest among the forest trees of
Denmaxk,

Ravenea FIildebrandtii. — A very elegant

dwarf Palm, native of the Comoro Islands, interest-
ing as a new type, as well as for its elegance. The
leaves are spineless, dividing into two linear lanceo-
late acuminate segments, scaly on the under-surface,
spadices stalked, with four tubular persistent spathes,
enclosing numerous short branches densely covered
with small flowers. It is figured in Jlliis/ralion
Hoiticok, vol. xxvii., p. 164, and in Ihe .Bofaiiiral
Maga-Jiie, t. 6776.

TamIvAtra Bark. — The you, tin! of llw

Socitly of Arts draws attention to a report by Mr.
Consul fiRIiriN, of Auckland, on the Tamkatra
bark (Phyllocladus trichomanoides), which he says
has been exported to Europe of late years in very
large quantities in consequence of its being so highly
prized for dyeing and tanning, " recent tests having
established the fact that it is one of the best vegetable
dyes in the world, and especially for yellow, pink,
and fawn colours." An interesting fact connected
with the tree is said to be that it produces a most
beautiful walking-stick. The bushmen bruise the
bark of the sapling at regular intervals, and after a
few days cut the sapling down and peel off the bark.
The stick then presents a mottled surface, and of a
permanent bright red and white colour. In obtaining
the bark for exportation a transverse incision is made
with a knife round the trunk at the bottom, and a
similar cut just below the junction of the branches ;
vertical incisions are then made with a very sharp
knife and the bark removed in long narrow strips,
and all the branches large enough to contain bark of
any value are stripped in the same manner. The
tree, if not too large. Is generally cut down, and the
bark is thus removed more easily, it being useless to
endeavour to save the tree, as removing the bark
invariably kills It. The barking usually takes place
in the winter, though it is said that it would be
preferable to collect It in the spring, at which season
the tannin is most abundant. The bark, when
peeled, is put up in bundles from 4 to 5 feet in length,
and is then ready for shipment, usually to London,
whence it finds its way to Grenoble, where it is
largely used for dyeing kid gloves. It is only of late
years that Tamkatra bark has been exported from
New Zealand, and owing to its valuable properties it
is expected that the trade in this article will largely
increase. In 1S73 the amount exported was 24 tons,
while during the first six months of 1S83 — the latest
date for which returns are available— it exceeded
575 tons, with a value ol ;i'40OO.

Fritillaria bucharica. — A curious

species, the figure of which at first .-light suggests a
terrestrial Orchid like Epipactis rather than a
F'ritillary. The plant is bulbous, with a stem 6— iS
inches high, with broad ovate acute leaves and star-

like flowers in terminal clusters. Each flower is
whitish flushed with violet, with nectarial pits at the
base. It is one of ALiiERT Rtic.Ei.'s diicoveiies in
Eastern Bokhara, on the right bank of the river
Pandsch, 4000 — 5000 (eet above the sea. Recently
figured in Garten flora.

EPIPHYLLUII RUSSELLIANUM (HOOK ) VAR.

Gaertneri. — A magnificent variety, figured in a
recent number of the Gai.'en Fiora, t. 1172, and con-
spicuous for its brilliant scarlet (lowers.

CiiRiST.MAS Decor.vtions.— Mes.srs. Hooi'ER

& Co., olCovent Garden, send us plumes of Paitipas-
grass 40 inches in length, and inform us that they
have thousands equally fine. Their importation this
year amounts to nearly 160,000. Owing to the
abundant rains during the summer on the Pacific
coast of South America .the plumes this year are of
superior quality. The "Fairy Flowers" which
puzzled us last year are now declared to be the tufts
of hairs surmounting the seeds of an Asclepias,
picked off by the deft fingers of ladies.

Pi;lten.ea Gunni. — An Australian shrub

with minute linear leaves on branching wiry stems,
and clusters of small pea-shaped yellow flowers,
Gaitcn F!or-i, t. 1173.

Wild Cii!;rry I-Cernels in Treui /ono.

— In a report by Consul Eiliotti on the trade and
commerce of the district of Trebizond for the year
1S83, it is stated that the kernel of a diminutive
species of wild Cherry, having an aromatic flavour, is
known by the name of " Mahlep," and is little used
in Turkey, but greatly so in Egypt, by bakers to
sprinkle over bread. It is supposed to be a pre-
servative against ague. The tree grows to a large
size, eipeclally in the vicinity of Niksar and Flcick,
and also at A'.nas=Ia and Tokat. The values 01 the
kernels exported amounted to /,I902 to Turkey, and
^^2238 to Egypt.

The Weather. — .Summary of temperature

and duration of bright sunshine in the United King-
dom for agricultural and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Monday, Dec. S, 1SS4, issued by the
Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. : — The weather has been very dull, rainy, and
unsettled over the whole kingdom; hail showers have
fallen In various localities, while at some of the north-
western stations thunder and ligh'ning have been ex-
perienced. The temperature has continued slightly
below the mean in "Scotland, N.," and has liecn
about equal to it in "Scotland, F;." but in all other
districts a decided rise has taken place, the values for
the week over greater part of England being 5' or 6°
above the mean for the season. The maxima, which
were recorded on different days in the various parts of
the country, ranged from 57° in " Ireland, S. ,"
and 56° In most of the English districts to 4S"
in Scotland, N." The minima were generally
registered on the 2d, when the thermometer
fell to 25° in "Scotland, E.," 29° in "Scot-
land, N.," and to between 30° and 34° in all
other districts except the "Channel Islands," where
the lowest reading was 42°. The rainfall has bcrn
more than the mean in all places, the excess at rur
southern, western, and north-western stations being
considerable. Bright sunshine has been very defi-
cient In all districts ; the percentages of the possil.le
duration varied from 17 In "Scotland, I-;,," to 5 in
" England, S.," and to 4 in " England, S.W.," and
"England, N.W.," while in "Scotlan.l, N.," the
weather was altogether sunless. Depressions ob.sctvcd :
— During the whole of this period the baromettr
has been highest in the southern part of our area,
while a series of depressions has travelled north-
eastwards over Scotland or the north of I'.ngland, and
some subsidiary disturbances in a similar direction
over our more southern districts. Strong southerly to
westerly winds have consequently prevailed in all parts
of the country, and at times have attained the force of
a gale, that experienced on our southwestern and
southern coasts on the 4th being especially severe.

Gardening .\i'1>oim ments— Mr. W. Goohai.i,
lately of Mellon Abbey, as Head liardencr to A,
Morrison, Esq , Fonthill, Tisbury, Wills.— Mr.
William Pripst, lately Gardener to the Maiqnis of
Lothian at Newbattle Abbey, has been appointed
Gardener to the I'iarl of Imu.inton, at Eglinton
Castle, Ayrshire.— Mr. At 1 rfii IIollowav, lately
Gardener at Oak l-idge, Kensington, London, as
Gardener and Bailill to A.J. GoiJDARn, Esq., The
Lawn, Swindon, Wilts,

DrrEMBER 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

755

DR. KEGEL,

We learn that Dr. R.'gel, the Iviitor of the Garten-
floni, is about to sever his connection with that
i'jurnal. In an address to the readers of the CtziUn-
jio<a he slates that it ii now ibirly-tbrec years since
his first botanical woik appeared, the fiWa Bonncn-
sis, which he carried out in association with his long
since departed friend, J. Schmiiz.

In the years 1S39 — 1S42 he published articles on
the '* I'^ssentials of the Art of Gardening, founded on
Pnysiolo;^y,*' in the .4/(^i'fni/ic:/i Gar/mzcifu)ii^, of
O.to and Dietrich, which was published in the Ga/-'
iUners' Chroui.lc, and at ihat time passed over to the
scieniitic side of horticuhure. lie carried over with
him views that were getting antiquated, but still he
was the first, as it was at a much later period that
Lindley's Theory of Hoiiirullurc appeared. After
that came the CuUiv.ithn and DesLriplion of the
Ericas^ This he completed in his parental home in
Gotha, beTore taking up his residence in Zurich, the
first part being the practical, the second the purely
botanical.

In 1S4.3 Dr. Regel edited, in company with Pro-
fessor Heer, ^XitSih:oci'.cris(hcZcitsihtift f::rLand iind
Garten'Kiii (" A^ricuhural and Horticultural Journal
for S.viizerland *'j, of which the horticultural part was
entirely edited by him from 1S47 — 1S51 ; and in
1S52 he began to edit the GartenfJora in Zurich, and
which from the year 1^55 was continued in St. Peters-
burg, so that (or forty-two years he has been the
r.diiur of various horticultural journals. He was
seventy years of age in 1SS3, a period of his life at
which he resolved to give over ihe Editoiship of his
paper to younger men, better fitted to deal with botany
and horticulture than one who can no longer follow
the advances made in scientific knowledge, as the
Editors of the Gartenjlora are lequired to do.

The editing of the Ga}te7ijlora is now given over to
Professor Kngler and Mr. Inspector Stein, of Breslau,
in the hope that these gentlemen will retain the
journal in the same high estimation as he himself had
done in recent years.

Df. Regel takes his farewell with cordial thanks to
all his colleagues and friends for their assistance, and
that the Gartenjlora may have abundant support, and
that th*? circle of its readers may constantly widen.

Dr. Kegel still retains hii post as 1' rector of the
S*. Petersburg JjOtai.ic Garden. Tlis life-long laljours
in the cause of horticultural bo'any have procured for
him the gratitude and respect of all bis colleagues.

A TROPICAL WILD GARDEN.

[See Separate Illustration.]

A House AMONG Palms. — Wdd gardens are rather
the fashion in England just now, where, on the whole,
ihey are rather hard to make. I often wonder what
people at home would say to my natural "wild garden"
here in the tropics (British Guiana), the only fault of
which is that it is hard to prevent its becoming too
wild. Wh'^n I came to live here, rather more than
two years ago, the hill was densely covered with
forest, partly natural and partly composed of an enor-
mous number of Cocoa-nut Palms, which had been
planted among the wild forest growth so thickly that
they would have had no fair chance of developing
even had they been kept clear from other growth, but
which under their actual circumstances had become
elongated, sickly, curved and moss-grown stems,
crowned with a few sickly leaves. Moreover, for a
year or two before I came no one had lived here, nor
had any attempt been made to keep any portion of the
place in order ; so that a tangled mass of forest reached
fiom the river to the very eaves of the house on the top
of the hill, and even at noon on the brightest day no
ray of sun penetrated into the open wall-less house.

By remorseless clearing of alt weedy growth, and
by the sacrifice oT a very large number of trees, a
clear space has now been made round the house, and
a view opened right down to the river; while, as
there really were a few fine trees and enormous
numbers of really magnificent Palms hidden in the
old forest, these better things have been left to form
beautiful groups on the opened hilUide.

just round the bouse I at first attempted to make a
more formal flower garden, and, 10 that end, planted
countless Crotons, Jasmines, Hibiscus, Eranlhemums,
Roses, Coleus, Lilies, and innumerable other things.
But at once an enemy came down on these. This
was the leaf-cutting ant (.T'.c^dema cephalotes), which
is the true and almost insuimountable obstacle to
gardening in these parts. Many stratagems did I try
to prevent the vait hosts of these small being-:, which

walk and biing destruction chiefly at night. First
cotton-wcol was tied round the stem of each plant,
and this kept otV the ants until the wool, becoming
soaked, was no longer fibrous, after which the ants
walked freely over it. Next I tried to make a more
dural)le minute fence round each plant by surrounding
each with a strip of tin, ihe upper edge of which had
been cut into a very fine and long fringe ; but though
if these were cut finely enough the ants did not pass
them, they failed by preventing the plant from fretting
sufficient water round its crown. Then I put wider
circles of tin round each plant, and put fresh tar on
these twice a week ; but this plan, too, failed, partly
because of the immense labour and considerable
expense which it involved, and partly because the suc-
cessive coals of tar flowed down and clogged the
ground round the plants.

Meanwhile, many attempts to poison the enemy
were made and failed. Calomel was a delight to
them ; arsenic seemed their favourite food j carbolic
acid pleased them, if possible, still more ; and
corrosive sublimate raised their spirits to perfectly
terrible heights. All these new food substances
seemed but to stimulate them to new exertions in the
way of leaf-cutting.

At last, in despair, I determined to remove the
flower garden to a level space of ground by the side of
the river after I had completely surrounded this with
a deep ditch, to be kept always full of water. Ants
apparently do not care to make their nests in the clay
soil such as that at the river side ; and the ditch pre-
vents their making occasional raids into the new flower
garden. So the plants there are now doing well. At
some future time I may have something to report of
them ; but for the present my concern is chiefly with
the wild garden on the hill.

For this, in addition to the trees already grown to
maturity there, there were available, as far as I have
at present ascertained, Lilies, Coleus, Palms, and
other such hard-leaved plants, Figs and other plants
with milky juices, as well as plants with leaves very
densely covered by minute hairs or prickles, Orchids,
Draca3nas, Bamboos, and all plants with Mimosa-like
leaves ; for all these things do the ants leave un-
touched, some apparently because they are not to the
taste of ants, others because they are protected by
hairs and other such contrivances. By degrees, and
by experiment, I am gradually adding to the number
of available plants. And, as I find that ants do not
cros;, or very rarely cross, very dense and fine turf,
I have managed to keep a few Crotons and Hibiscus
wherever such grsss can be induced to grow. More-
over, by continually digging out the countless nests of
ants, and saturating these with boiling soap and water,
ihe number of the enemy is being gradually much
reduced, though I dare hardly hope that the last will
ever be completely destroyed.

Meanwhile, there are innumerable Palm groups in
the garden, so beautiful as quite to atone for the
scarcity of flowers. But pictures represent better than
any number of words the beauties of the place, and it
is to these that I mu=t now turn. The illustration shows
a small portion of the house itself, almost covered as
it is, on the one side, by tropical vegetation. The
erect, prickly-stemmed Palm about the centre of the
foreground of the picture is a fine specimen of
Acqaeeioo {Astrocaiyum tucuma, Mariiu?). The large
tree overhanging on the right, from which depend
innumerable *' bush-ropes," is " Hog-Plum {Spondi^s
lutea), the whole crown of which, though this is not
shown in the picture, is smothered by a dense mass
of the flame-flowered Norantea guianensis, which
about Christmas time colours the tree with its
marvellous splendour. The house itself is, as it were,
a botanical curiosity, for its very large roof, the few
outside walls which it has, and almost all its partition
walls, are made of the huge leaves of the Troolie Palm
(Manicaria saccifera, Gaertn ). The rest of the picture
is filled almost entirely by Cucoa-nut Palms.

The view across the tennis-ground shows probably as
picturesque a ground as exists. The two large Palms
in the foreground, and the three others erect in the
distance, are Cokerites {^L1.ximiliana Martiana,
Karst.) of which I shall have more to say later on ;
and the three Palms, of which only the very prickly
stems appear, are Acqueeroos {Astrocaryura tucuma,
Martius). A semicircular wattle-work screen, 9 feet
high, closes each end of the ground, to prevent the balls
being lost in the surrounding dense vegetation. The
Palms here are almost all Maximilianas. One near
the centre shows the long-persistent spalhes, which are,
moreover, so large an*! strong that, when they do fall,

the Indian children often use them as boats, in which
they paddle themselves about the liver. This drop-
ping, not only of the heavy spathcs, but also of the' still
heavier dead leaves, is rather a serious dilliculty in a
garden where these Palms so greatly abound, for the
falling matter crushes down all that happens to be
growing below the leaves. In the right-hand corner
of this picture appears one end of the aviary ; in front
of that are three large Fourcroyas (of which only two
appear) ; and in front of these again is a bush of the
stinging Cassava (Jatropha urens), every part of which
is beset with minute hairs, which sling with far moic
than the virulence of the Nettle. A". //;; Thurn,
[This article was accompanied by a series of exquisiie
photographs, one of which is reproduceil In the pre-
sent issue. I'D.]

{Tj I'e continued.)

HORTICULTURAL CHEMISTRY.

The death of Dr. Voelcker removes from agricultural
science one of its ablest expositors, and gardeners may
well join with farmers in deploring the deprivation che-
mistry has sustained. This event, however, serves to
bring out into forcible light the fact that whilst agii-
cuhure is aided by scientific and especially chemical
professors, yet no ^uch aid is given to horticulture.
It is true that the discoveries and investigations of
the agricultural professors have, so far as they relate
to manures, soil constituents, and other matters con-
nected with the earth and its cultivation on scientific
principles, been open to gardeners equally with
farmers, but still it is odd that an occupation
which seems to call into operation less of the intel-
lectual powers than gardening does should have
scientific aids, whilst professionally gardening has
none. Men like Voelcker, Lawes, Gilbert, and other
agricultural chemists have done much to give agricul-
ture a scientific basis. Horticulture practically has
none, neither has it any school, college, or other
institution devoted to its advancement. Of course it
is a legitimate question to put, how far agriculture has
gained on the one hand and horticulture has lost on
the other, because of aid on the one side and its
absence on the other. Farming in this country is
undoubtedly more intellectual than it was before the
association with it of scientific teaching, but still it is
not a profitable occupation. Gardening, on the other
hand, if it has had no special scientific help, has yet
travelled rapidly, and is a long way ahead of what
it was in pre-scientific days, and on the whole
may be said to be the much more profitable occupa-
tion of the two. Perhaps gardeners have something
to be thankful for in the fact that their vocation serves
the more effectually to develope the thinking and act-
ing faculties, and these, with the help of such crude
information as may be picked up in practice or is
found in reading, have enabled them to progress
relatively more rapidly than the farmer has. The
latter with all his scientific aid, his colleges, and his
societies and chambers, is not after all a man of first-
class ability. Somehow or other his bovine associates
seem to operate upon his mind with bad results, for
he adopts new ideas, and shares broad intelligent views
only in an exceedingly limited degree. If science
could aid agriculture at all— and surely it must have
done so largely— then It is very difficult to understand
why it is that the occupation of farming seems to be
at such a lo'.v ebb. It would almost seem as if the
occupation had become behind the age or that the age
had got beyond both the pursuits and productions of
home agriculture at least. It is very certain that
little ihort of a revolution, either in practice or
in its associations with land can help to place
farming upon a basis commensurate with the
requirements of the day. That horticulture
should have sped onward and developed so rapidly
and have produced so much active intelligence in
its workers seems to indicate that there is something
peculiarly robust and healthy in its absolute indepen-
dence ffom .State patronagf^ or control. The farmer yel
weakly holds to the illusion that the appointment of n
Minister of Agriculture would put an end to all hi-;
woes and troubles. Certainly, the gardener would
laugh at such a suggestion, probably would go farther
and strongly deprecate any appointment of a Minister
of Horticulture, because experience has amply shown
that no occupation is better al>le to lake care of itself
than is gardening. Very warm-hearted people occa-
sionally cry out for some teaching in practical horti-
culture in our elementary schools. Were we a nation
of gardeners there might be some force in the sugges-

756

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884.

tion, but as it is probable, that of the boys in any sub-
urban or rural elementary school, perhaps not more
than one-tenth may in time become gardeners or even
farm labourers, it would be rather hard upon the
remaining nine-tenths that they should be compelled
to acquire information respecting an occupation
which they may never have in future life to put into
practice. They have just as much right to ask for
teaching in mechanics, or any other vocation as gar-
dening. What is much better is to give to our children
as much general theoretical scientific knowledge in
school as they possibly can assimilate consistently with
the claims of other educational elements, and then,
whenever the opportunity offers, let their vocation be
what it may, that scientific knowledge will certainly
prove useful. Intelligent minds well founded with
the basis of all knowledge will be apt to utilise
that knowledge for the best when opportunity oCTers,
and it is in that way gardening has gained so much from
the growth of general education and the advancement
of the intelligence of the people. D.

Comparative Anatomy of the Vegetative
Organs of Phanerogams and Ferns, By
Dr. A. De Bary. Translated and annotated by
F. O. Bower. M.A.. and D. H. Scott, Ph.D.
Oxford : Clarendon Press.

This is a book for which English students have
been long looking, as although the original was pub-
lished in 1877 there has been no such comprehensive
treatise published before or since. The literature of
the subject is especially diffused and fragmentary, and
but little attempt has been made to classify the data
acquired by countless botanists and microscopists,
There is, too, among botanists who devote them-
selves to this department of their science a tendency
to neglect that careful synonymy which the student
of classification feels bound to attend to. The con-
sequence is that one of the former generation on taking
up a modern book finds himself bewildered by a host
of neologisms and new denominations for old things.
To some extent, of course, this is inevitable ; new
ideas demand new modes of expression, and the pro-
gressive development of the science calls for a
similar expansion of its nomenclature ; moreover,
owing to the different way of looking at things
actual correspondence or synonymy is not to
hz expected. Admitting all this, it is none the less
the business of authois of treatises like this to link the
present to the past, and to make perfectly clear the
meaning of the terms they employ, and where neces-
sary to show the relationship they bear to the termi-
nology of a former generation. Take, for instance,
the word " cambium," the exact meaning of which has
become so confused that it were better to omit it
altogether, as each author uses it as he thinks best
without reference to his predecessor. The term
*' Juct," which used to have in England a distinct
signification, as distinct from " vessel," has dis-
appeared, while the term "trachea," once reserved
exclusively for spiral vessels, now receives a much
wider interpretation. What were once called latticed
cells, or clathrate cells, now receive the name of
"sieve-tubes." Another cause of confusion arises
from the fact that anatomists have adopted the evil
practice of using vernacular names for the structures
of which they write. This necessitates the translation
into each of the several languages of the civilised globe
of the terra employed. It is frequently a matter of
considerable difficulty to effect this ; and, of course,
when done, it is unintelligible to the student of any
other nationality. The adoption of a uniform system
of Latin nomenclature, as in the case of systematic
botany, would be an immense benefit.

The great progress which has been made of late
years in plant anatomy, and which is well reflected
in the book before us, lies in the relationship that has
been established between one form of cell or vessel
and another, and in the progressive differentiation of
the several tissues from the originally homogeneous
parenchyma. The structure and arrangement of the
va:^cular bundles, the formation of cork, the structure
of the bast may be mentioned as matters in which
great progress has been made. Till botanists had
such a book as Professor De Bary's put into their
hands it was a difficult or almost impossible matter to
connect the different appearances presented either
with their physiological office or their genetic relation-

ships. The more recent researches of Van Tieghem,
of Bertrand, of Vesque, and others suffice to show
that substantial progress may be expected now in this
direction — one from which, moreover, great results
may be looked for by the practical cultivator of the
future.

The translators have added a hvi references to
memoirs published since the dale of the original work,
but we could have wished that they had been more
liberal in this way, and thus added to the obligations
under which they have laid English students. Singu-
larly enough, amongst references to the older litera-
ture we find no mention of Professor Oliver's cata-
logue of the literature relating to the stem of Dicoty.
ledons, published in 1S62, although that was up to
the date of publication by far the most complete
enumeration of the kind, and enriched with numerous
original observations. The index, full as it is, espe-
cially in names of plants, is deficient in the names of
tissues, or components of tissues— a circumstance the
more to be regretted on account of the circumstances
above-mentioned.

It seems clear that a new era is opening up for
physiological botany, an era the advent of which is
hastened by the crystallising force of the evolution
theory, and by the improved methods of observation
now available. The task of synthesis will begin, and
no book will facilitate this more than that of which
Messrs. Bower and Scott have given us so excellent a
translation, and, we may add, few men have proved
themselves more competent to carry on original
research in this direction than the translators.

NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED

BY THE FLORAL COMMITTEE AT THE ROYAL
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETINGS. 1884.

*,*/". C. , First-class Certifica te ; S. C. , Sccoftd-class Cevttfica te,
B.C.y Botanical Certificate.

Acer japonicum aureum .. Veitch, May 13— F.C.

,, polymotphum septemlo-
bum elegans purpu-

reum Veitch. May 13 — F.C.

Adiantum cuneatum strlctum B S. Williams, April 8 — F.C.

„ rhodophylium .. ,. Veitch, Marrh 25— F.C.

Ac-rides illusire .*-irT. Lawrence. July 8 — F.C.

,, Houiielianum .. .. E S. Williams, July 22— F.C.

,, Lawrences .. .. Eallantyne, Sept. 9 — F.C.

,, Sanderianum . . . . ."^chtoder. Nov 11 — F.C.

Amar\llis Colonel Burnaby ,. Veiich, March 25— F.C.

,, General Graham.. .. Veitch, Man h k- F.C.

,, Mrs Hibberd .. .. Veitch, March 25— F.C.

„ Mrs. W. Lee .. .. B. S. Williams. Sept. 9-F.C.

,, Murill-i Veitch, April 8— F C.

,, Sir R. Buller .. .. Veiich, March »5-F.C.

„ Ne Plus Ultra .. .. Veitch, March ii—F C.

,, Virgo Veitch, April 8-F.C.

Amasonia puiiicca .. .. Veitch, Sept. g — F.C.

AneiaEcum fa^tuosum .. .. KirT. Lawrence, Apiil 2? — F.C.

Anguloa Ruckerii sanguinea . . Crawshav. June 24 — F.C.

Asplenium horridum . . . . B. S. Williams, May 13 — F.C.

Auricula Consei vjiive.. .. Turner, April 8 — F.C.

,, Heity Dean .. .. R. Dean. M^trch 25- F C.

,, Mungo McGe&rge .. Turner. April 8— F.C.

Airalea amcena Little Beauty . . Veitch, March it— F.C.

,, indica Baroa N.de Roihs

. child Van Houtte, April 8-F.C

,, „ B, S. Willijm-i .. Van Houue, April 8~F.C.

,. ,, Comie Adiien de

Germiny .. .. Van Houtte, Anril 8— F C.

,, „ Comte de Paris Van Houtte, April 8 — F.C.

, ,, Comte de la Tnrre .. Van Houtie, April 8— F C

., .J, r. D. Llewellyn .. Van Houite, April 8— F.C

,, „ Madame Marie Stock-
man Van Hoiitte, April S. — F.C.

, ,, Mrs. Alfred Heaver . Todman, March ii— F.C.

., ,, Princess of Wales .. Nicjl, April 8— F.C.

,. ,, Smivenir du Due

d'Albany .. ,. Van Houtte, April 8 — F.C.

, ,, Souvenir de Marie

Rossel .. .. Rossel, April 22— F.C.

,. ,, Si'uvenir du Pri ce

Henri . . . . Van Houtte, April 8— F.C.

Begonia Canary Bird .. .. Laing & Co., June 10 — F.C,

„ Carriiri Cannell&Sons.Marchii— F.C.

,, Felix Crousse .. .. Bealby, Oct. 14 — F.C.

., Her Majeity .. ., Laing & Co., June 24— F C.

,, King of Kings . . .. Cannell & Sons, Oct. 14 — F.C.

,, Lucie Lemoine .. .. Cannell & Sons, June 10— F C.

,, Madame Castaigeuz .. Cannell & Sons, June 10 — F.C.

,, Madame Crousse .. Bealby, Sept. 9 — F.C.

,, Octavia Cannell & Sons, Sept. 0 — F.C.

„ Queen of Bedders ,. Cannell & Sons, Aug. 26 — F C.

„ Ruhm von Erfurt .. Cannell & Sons, July 22— F.C.

„ Souvenir de W. Sandy . . Laing & Co., Aug. 26 — F.C.

,, Torey Laing .. .. Laing & Co., June 24— F.C.

Bessera elegans Ware, Aug. 26.— F.C.

Brassia aniherotes . .. B. S, Williams, May 13 — F.C.

Calochorius Benthami.. .. Ware, May 13 — S C

Campanula lurbinata pelvi-

formis Paul & Son, July 32 — F.C.

Caraguata angustifolia .. Veitch. Nov 11 — F.C.

Carnation Celia Veitch, July 8- F C.

,, Chevalier.. .. Hooper & Co., Nf v. n — F.C.

„ Martha DufTield. July 8— F.C.

,, Mrs. Maclaren .. .. Turner, May 13 — F C,

,. W. P. Milner .. .. Veitch, May 27- F.C.

Cittleya calumniatax .. .. Sir T. Lawrence. July 8- F.C.

,. Gaskel liana alba.. . . Crawshay, July 8— F.C.

,, Ga-skelliana .. .. Sander & Co., July 22-F.C.

,, Mendelii var. selborn-

ensis W. Lee, May 13 — F.C.

„ Mendellix .. .. W. Lee. May 13-F.C.

,, Percivaliana alba .. R. P. Percival. Feb. 12— F.C.

„ Percivaliana .. .. R. P. Percival, Jan. 8— F.C.

Cattleya Schroederiana . . '

,, Triana; var. Leeana

,. „ splendidissima

., triophthalma
Chrysanthemum Anais

,, Criterion ..

., Cut inglordi

,, La ben Ainn-e . .

„ La Purii^

,, picium

,, roseiim

,, Yellow SpO! t

Cineraria Challenger .,

., Great Eastern

,, Lottie Willtamson

„ Pollie Charming..

,. Royal Standaid ..
Clematis coccinea
Coleus Countess of Dudley . .
t'roton Flambeau
Cupressus Lawsoniana Fleeti .
Cyclamen pe-sicum Crimson
Beauty

., giganteum delicatum ..

,, persicum giganteumPrin-
cess Ida

,. Dame Blanche ..
Cypripedium ciliolare..

,, Curiisii

,, grandex ..

,. LeeanumX
Dahlia La Petite Barbier

,( Mrs Douglas

,, pompon EmilieHeincIter
Davallia Mariesi crisiata
Dendrobium Findleyanum

g'ganteum

,. Griffithianum

,, Harryanum

,. Phalaenopsis
Delphinium Gloire de Nancy
Dieftenbachia Jenmaoni

Dipladenia Elliott! ., ..)

Drosera auiiculata
Epacri-: Diadem

,, The P/emier
Gladiolus hybridus Lalayette .

,, St Oaiien..

,, Sir Fiancis Bolton

,, W. Kelway
Hyacinth General Gordon , .

,, Harlequin
Iiidigofera floribunda alba . .
Ipomce.* Thompson! . .
Iris Ksempferi Earl Granville .

,, ,, var. Mary Anderson ,

,1 ,, Princess Maude
Ivy-leaved Pelargonium Ma-
dame Thibaut
Tx'jra Westii x . .
Kalmia latifolia major splen-

dens
Lapageria rosea superba
Lathyrus latifolius deiicata . .
Lrelia anceps Peicivaiiana

,, ,, WilliamManum

,, callistOfilossa

., Dominiana ro?ea

,, elegans superbtssima . .

., purpurata atropurpurea .
Masdevallia Chelsoni X
Medinilla Tey^maniana
Mimulus mobchatus Cloth uf 1

Gold 1

Narcissus bicolor J. B. M.
Camm . .

,, incomparabilis James (
Dickson . . .. "(

,, Leedsi Queen of England

,, incomp ■r.sbilis Queen
Sophia of the Nether-
lauds

,, pallifius m.^jor

„ poeticus b.fljrus.,
Nephrolepis Bausei
Odi iitogloisum citr'mtini

var. album

,. cinnbim^meum

, crispum aureinu ,

,, ,, Baliantinei . .

., ., Delliense

,. ,, rnseum guttalii n

,, ,. guttatu'n

,, „ Souvenir du Piixice
Leopo'd

.. ., Veitchianum .

,, exceliens ..

., niacrospilum

Oerstcdti

,. Polletiianum

,, Shuttltu'JTthi

,, vexillarium .mperbum ..

,, ,, splendens

,, Wilhamsianum . ,
Oncidium anthoctene . ,

„ cucullatum giganteum . .

,, Jonesianum
Osmunda javanica
P.irottia persica

Passiflora Constance Elliott .. j

Pelargonium (Ivy-leaved) Isi-
dore Feral
,, La ("ygne..
,, (zonal/ Belle Nancienne

Phaius irroratus purpuieus . .
,, luridus

Phala:nopsis sumatrana pur-
purea . .

Phlox setacea var. Vivid

Picotee Picturata

Primrose J.-tmes DoiigUs
., Princess of Wales

Primula Ruhbyi
„ Sit:boldi Brilliant
„ „ Punly
,, sinensis Emperor

Prnnus Pissardi

Pteris serrulata ccistata com-
pacts

Rhododendron Empress

„ President

,, Princess Beatrice

I Salter, May 27— F.C.
! Schrreder, May 27 — F.C.

W. Lee. March 25 — F.C

B.S.Williams. March 11 — F.C,

bchroi'Ier, Nov. 11 -F C.

Laing & Co., Nov. 11 — F.C.

Veitch. Nov. n — FC.

Cannell & Sons, Nov. 11 — F.C.

Cannell & Sons Nov. 11 — F.C.

Laing ^'s: Co., Nov. 11— F.C,

Veitch, Nov. n— F.C.

Vftitch, Nov. ii-F.C.

Woimig, Oct. 14— F.C.

J.imev, March n — F.C.

James. Feb. 12— F.C.

Jame^, Feb. 12 — F.C.

J.imes March 11 — F.C.

James, March 11 — F.C.

Veirch. July 22— F.C.

King, Aug. 12— F.C.

B. S. Williams, June24— F,C.

Fleet, Nov. 11 — F.C.

Little, Ian. 8— F.C.
Edmunds, Feb. la— F.C.

Edmunds, March 11— F.C
H. B. Smith, Feb. 12— F.C.
SirT. Lawrence, April 8 — F.C.
SirT. Lawrenca. July 8 — F.C.
SirT. Lawrence. May 13— F.C,
Veitch, Jan. 8-F.C.
Cannell & Sons, Oct. 14— F.C.
Rawlirgs Bros., Aug. 26— F.C
Cannell & Sons, Oct. 14— F.C.
Veitch, April 8— F.C.

Salter. March 11— F.C.
Sander & Co., July 22— F.C.
Sir T.Lawrence, April 2 J — F.C.
Veitch, Oct. 14— F C.
Bealby. July 8— F C.
Veitch. Jan. 8 — F.C.
Lucombe. Pince & Co., AuB.

26- F.C.
Veitch, June 24— F.C
Veiicb, Feb. 12— F.C.
Veitch. Feb. 12— F.C.
Veitch, July 22— F.C.
Kelway & Son, Aug. 26— F.C.
Kelway & Son, Sept. 9 — F.C.
Kelway & Son, Sept. 9-F.C.
Veitch. March 25— F.C.
Veitch, March 25— F.C.
Veitch, July 8— F.C
Veitch, Nov. 11— F.C.
Veitch, filly 8-F.C
Veitch, July 8-F.C.
Veitch, July 8-F.C

Bealby, July 2a-F.C
Veitch, Aug. 12— F.C.

Veitch. June lo-F.C,
Humphreys. Oct. 14— F.C.
R. Dean, July 22- FC.
R. P. Percival, Jnn 8- F.C.
F. Sander & Co , Feb. u- F. C
Schrorder, Ma7ch 2s~F.C.
Schtceder. June 24— FC.
Sander & Co.. Aug. t2~F.C.
B. S. Williams— June 24— F.C.
SirT. Lawrence, May 13— F.C.
Vciich, July 8-FC.
R. Dean, May 13-S.C.
K. Dean, May 27 -F.C.

Parr & Son. April 8-F.C.
r. Dickson ^ Sons, April 8—
■ F.C.
Barr & Son, April S-F C,

Barr & Son, April 8— F.C
Barr & Son. F.h. .2-F.C.
Herbst, April 8 — F C.
Veitch, Sept. q-F.C.

Scper, June 26 — FC.
SirT. Lawrence, April 2 2 — K. t ',
F. A Phillbrick, Feb 12— F.C .
Schrceder, May 13 — F C.
Schiocder, May 13— F.C.
Sanier & Co,. Ju^e lo- F f
Sir T. Lawrence, April 8- F.C.

S-mder S: Ci , June 10— [".C.
Schra-der. Jiu.e ■ 4-F.C.
SirT.La*rence,June24 - F C.
B S.Williams, March J5-F.C.
W. Lee. March 25- F.C.
H. M. Follet, Feb. 12— F.C.
Shuitlewonh, April 8— F.C.
B. S. Williams, July 22-F.C.
B. S. Williams. April 22 — F.C.
B. S. Williams, June 24- F C
F. S.inderS:Co., Febiz-F-C
SirT. Lawrence. AprilS- F.C.
A. H. Smee, Feb. 12— F.C
Veitch, May 13— F.C
W. Paul & Son. Feb.i»-F.C.
Lucombe, Pi[ice&Co.,May 27
-F.C

Bealby, May 27— F.C
Cannell & Som, Nov. ii-F.C.
Laing. May i3~F.C.
Vciich. April 8— F.C
SchiruJer, May 27 — F.C.

Sir T. Lawrence, M.iy 13— F.C.
Ware, May n — F.C.
Turner, June 24 — F.C.
A. Waieter. M.irch ii-F.C.
A. \V.iierer, M.irch 11— F.C.
R. Dean, July 22— F.C.
Geggie. April 2a— F.C.
Gcggie, April 73 — F.C.
Cannell, Feb. la— F.C.
Veitch, July 22— F.C.

May, Oct. 14— F.C.
Veitch, July 2a— F.C
Veitch, June 34— F.C.
Veitch, March ir— F.C

December 15, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLh

757

Rose (hybiid Tea) Grace

Darting *• •■ H. Benuett, March ii — F.C.

., (Tea) Madame Eug^oie

Verdier Paul & Son, July 3.- -F.C.

Rosa polyantha Anne Marie

de Monudvel.. .. H. Bennett, March 25— F.C.

„ lucida var. Ruse Button Veilch, July 22 — F.C.

,, (Tea) fctendardde Jeanne

d'Arc H. Bennett, April 2.' -F.C.

,, Sunset .. .. .. W. Paul & Son, June J4 — F.C

Sarracenia Wrigleyana Vciich, Oct. 14— F.C.

-■'a.xifraija P.urseiiana .. .. Carier & Co, Febu— F.C.

Sciiecio pulcher R.H.S., Nov. 11— F.C.

Spiraa buliaia .. .. .. Paul & Son, July »2— F.C.

,, purpurea Veitch, July S — F.C.

Staiicc Suwarowii Carter & Co , June 10— S.C.

Strepiosoleii Jamesoni. . . , Cannell & Sons, March ti — F.C.

Syringallore-pleno Lenioiuiana Lemoine. April 22 — F.C.

Verbena Lord Brooke .. .. W. Stacey, June lo-F C.

,, striata .. .. \V. Stacey, Juue 24— F.C.

Viburnum linus aureo-varie-

gatus Lee & Son, Nov. II — F.C.

Violet Willsiana .. .. Wills. March 11— F.C.

Wallflower Bedlont Yellow .. R. Dean, March 25- F.C,

BOTANICAL CERTIFIC.ATKS.

„ .. . c. ,. ( The New Plant and Bulb Co.

Scuticaria bteeli .. ..< —Aug 12

Curcuma sumatrana .. .. Veilch— Aug. 13

Cyitanthus luie&cens .. .. B. S. Williams— Oct. 14

NEW VEGETABLES CERTIFICATED.
Rhubarb Hawke'sChampaRoe G. Bunyaid, March 25 — F.C.
Savoy Universal .. .. Gilbcit, March 25— F.C.

FRUIT CERTIFICATED.

Apple Lady Sudeley. aiias
Jacob's Strawberry .. .. Bunyard, Sept. 9— F.C.

\For Certificated Plants at the Royal Hortkultuyal Society
meeting, Dec. 9, seep. 7LJ0. ]

THE POTATO DISEASE.

In the Gardaurs^ Chronicle of October 7. 1882,
p. 460, I gave some account of certain bodies I had
discovered in the leaves, the tubers, the haulms, and
other parts of the Potato. These bodies, of about
one-twentieth of a millimetre in diameter, but vary-
ing in size, were provisionally named sclerotia, or
sclerotiets, as appearing to stand in the same relation
to the fungus, Pbytophihora. infestans, as an admitted
sclerotium stands tothe final stage of its peculiarfungus.

I shall not here go over all the opinions which were
expressed regarding the real character of these bodies.
Their existence, when once the method of finding
them had been pointed out, was too obvious to be
denied ; but if they were sclerotia, or if they had the
functions of sclerotia, or the functions of spores, or of
plasm, or of any reproductive part of a fungus, they
implied a biological theory of Peronospora infestans
at variance with accepted views, and they must be
put to crucial tests. They were submitted to the
ScientiBc Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society, and were banded over for deliberate examina-
tion to Mr. George Murray, F.L.S. The result of
this examination appeared in the Journal of Botany
for December, 1S83, in a paper by Mr, Murray and
Dr. Walter Flight, F.RS.

Mr. Murray and Dr. Flight worked upon materials
supplied by me, and I may here allude to some of
their methods and results. "Numerous cultivation
experiments," they say, "were instituted with the
bodies in question, the result being in all xases
negative as regards any manifestation of life whatever
in them." The " plasmodiation," *' myceliation,"
&c., described by Mr. Wilson, wholly failed to appear.
These experiments thus proceeded on a misconception
of the problem — they were attempts to make a parasite
grow in dead materials; a parasite grows on in living
materials. A Penicillium grows on dead matter and
is not a parasite ; our Peronospora is a parasite grow-
ing only on living materials, and hence its destructive-
ness. If it could feed and grow on dead matter it
would do no harm whatever. The phenomena seen
by me as resulting from the myceliation (germination
if there were a germ) of the bodies, were seen imme-
diately after the death of the leaf tissue, having been
developed while the tissue was living. But a thin
slice of the haulm does not die so rapidly as the leaf,
and the granules of the bodies will throw up a com-
pleted crop of Peronospora on a slide in a night's
time.

I had told Mr. Murray, by mistake, that the
sclerotia were soluble in acetic acid. I think I also
told him that they were soluble in nitric acid. But
my experiments with nitric acid were upon the bodies
as contained within the leaf-tissue, or very imperfectly
isolated by squeezing. Under such circumstances I
had seen them rapidly disappear upon the application
of nitric acid, and my heart failed within me !

Well, by this same crude method Mr. Murray and
Dr. Flight proceeded to test for the oxalate of lime
implied in the tentative solution by nitric acid and
resistance of solution by acetic acid. They took from

portions of leaf and placed in nitric acid, and *' in the
lapse of half-an-hour the so-called sclerotia had
entirely vanished.'' The solution stood over-night,
and •* in the morning crystals having the form of a
square-based octahedron were seen plentifully in the
liquid under the microscope, the greater part having
separated in an amorphous state." And the con-
clusion is, "We have, therefore, no hesitation in say-
ing that these so-called sclerotia of Phytophthora
infestans are merely masses of oxalate of lime."

But a very important defensive outwork is placed in
the rear of the paper : — "It might be contended by
Mr, Wilson," says the writers, "that since oxalate of

Fiti 130. —SCLEROTIUM OK PHY f Ol-Hl HOKA INFESTANS, FROM
POTATO LEAF.

A, As seen by ttanbmitted light before treatment with nitric
acid ; B, After treatment with nitric acid ; c, Myceliating
granules seen in b.

lime is to be found in certain plasmodia^ a mistake
has been made, but the application of dilute nitric
acid lor half-an-hour to (he leaves would not have
been sufficient to remove all trace whatever of a proto-
plasmic structure such as a Plasmodium," Now this
proceeds upon the assumption that if there are bodies
additional to the balls of semi-crystallised granules
of lime, they ought to be visible within the leaf
tissue after the lime has been dissolved. This is the
very point which ought to have been proved and not
assumed. The masses of lime, although of snowy
whiteness in reflected light, are opaque in transmitted
light, and hence are easily seen ; but if there is a
sclerotium, or something biologically equivalent, con-
cealed by the lime, and of a translucent character, it

FlU. I^l. — CHANCES SEEN IN THE BODIES FKOM POTATOS
WHEN TREATED WITH NITRIC ACID, AS SKETCHED BY
.MR. W. G. SMITH. ENLARGED 400 DIA.M.

will be entirely hidden within the leaf tissue, you
cannot disentangle it from the plasm, and the
chlorophyll, and the minuter cells of the leaf.

Well, then, what is to be done ? What I did was
this : I took little bits of Potato leaves (Ashleaf,
Pink-eyes, and Magnums), some in which disease had
not begun, and some in which the watery green
extensions of black spots indicated the current inroads
of mycelic lines, and put them in cold water for
maceration four or five or more days. A bit was then
put under a low power to find if a fair number of well-
defined bodies were present. A smaller bit of such a
leaf was then teased out with needles upon a slide in
plenty of water, in order, if possible, to isolate some
of the bodies from the leaf tissue altogether. A thin

covet was then placed over the btoken-up materials,
and a low power was run over the field to hunt up
detached sclerotia. The first was sighted just touch-
ing a palisade cell at one point. The keener
scrutiny of a tenth was placed over it. And
now with fear and trembling the drops of nitric acid
begin to enter from the upper edge of the cover. A
hair pencil removes the water ejected at the lower
edge. In less than half n minute the lime crystals
grow transparent at the optical edges of the ball, the
solution becomes more rapid, and in another half
minute (for the acid is labelled poison) not a particle
of lime remains. But there where the opaque sphere
had disappeared stands convicted a pellucid ball of
granular plasm. Perhaps it will disappear too. Let
us look at it before it goes. The mass is highly trans-
lucent. A conidiophore looms through it. It is
everywhere pervaded by sporidic granules, some of a
round form, others of an oblong form, like short
pieces of excessively delicate mycelium. The whole
has a soft hue, like fine pencilling, and the outline is
in most places perfectly definite, with here and there a
break as if part of the material had flowed out at the
side. It is not disappearing ; more acid is applied,
but what had so rapidly discharged the crust of lime
has no effect on the wall of fungal plasm which
supported it. There it stands very visible for hours
in the strong acid, not obscured by leaf-cells, not at
all capable of having its burglarious existence denied,
but a thing of some kind or other asserting itself for a
fact.

This experiment, with the body in most cases com-
pletely isolated from all tissue taken from various
leaves, and performed at various dates, I repeated
four-and-twenty times, with the same results.
Sometimes the little clean ball stood in the acid over
night below the microscope, and presented the same
appearance in the morning as it did fifteen hours
before,* In some cases there were little streams of
granules flowing out from the body before treatment ;
these were not affected by the acid, and presented the
same optical reactions as the granules of the body itself
and the granules in the surrounding lines of mycelium.
A conidium of Phytophthora infestans is about half
(he size of one of these bodies within the leaf, and
the contents of the conidium are optically very similar
to those of the sclerotium as seen after being divesied
of its calcareous coating, and both equally give rise to
mycelium. A thin slice of a very young and still
white sclerotium of Typhula incarnata also presents
nearly the same resemblance, only myceliation is more
pronounced.

In a few cases measurements were made before and
after the lime was removed. In one case the diameter
was reduced from .050 mm. to .047. In another case
the dimensions were reduced from .059 x .045 mm. to
.048 X .036 ; in another case no sensible reduction
was observed.

That some of the minute plasmodiating fungi are
normally coated with lime is well known, indeed a
covering of lime is characteristic of certain genera of
the Myxomycetes, as the reader may fully see in Dr.
Cooke's Myxomycetes of Great Britain. The Chon-
drioderma, for example, have the sporangium well
"encrusted with granules of lime, sometimes quite
shell-like." And in the Gardeners^ Chronicle of
July 15, 18S2, Mr. W, G, Smith describes and figures
a Myxomycete covered with crystals of oxalate of
lime.

My previous observations and experiments, which
seemed to me to prove the genetic connection between
these lime-covered bodies and the conidiophores of
P. infestans, were chiefly directed to the tracing of
mycelium lines up to the granular materials of these
bodies. I have now to thank the Royal Horticultural
Society, and more particularly Mr. George Murray
and Dr. Flight, for directing attention to chemical
tests. The results of these are most satisfactory and
convincing, and leave no doubt that the "seeds " of
any outbreak of Potato disease are insidiously lodged
in the plant while yet in its healthy condition. The
theory thus involved, worked out in a short treatise,
rather overweighted with illustrations, has been lying
beside me for a year or so, and may see the light some
time, now that a formidable-looking objection has
been cleared away. The suggestions which it will
offer towards the elucidation of parasitic life, both
animal and vegetable, may possibly have some value
in showing why it is necessary for one organism to

* One was fifty hours in acid and remained perfectly un-
changed. I have liad young sclerotia of Typhula incarnata
for weeks in strong nitnc acid undergoing no change.

758

THR GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December I3, tSS4.

become parasitic in an&lher, ard in showing that Ihe
destruction or damage of ore vital form is an incident
in the perpetuation of apother. The Peronospora
infestans can be matured and perpetuated only by the
I'otato disease. J. S/cpluii H'ilsoii, Norih Kiniimndy,
iiummerhili by- Aberdeen, Sept. 25.

The second of the two illustrations on p. 757 (fig.
131) is copied from a sketch made from Nature by Mr.
W. G. Smith, and exhibited and described by him at
the last meeting but one of the Scientific Committee.
Mr. Smith at that time had not seen Mr. Wilson's
drawing, or heard his paper, It represents the gradual
dissolving away under nitric acid of the incrustation of
oxalate of lime from an inner transparent body. The
arrows show the direction whence the nitric acid has
approached, and the changes from A to D, Mr. Smith
said, took place in about one minute. The incrusted
bodies experimented upon by Mr. Smith had been
very carefully and completely isolated from Potato
leaves with needles ; the inner material, he said, was
unchanged after remaining in nitric acid for twenty-
four hours.

J-ioj/E f 0RRE3P0JMDE|«(CE.

Practical Notes on the Potato Disease. — I

firmly believe that the ravages of this dire pest may
by proper precautions be, if not prevented entirely,
at least reduced to a minimum. I am now dealing
with the old-fashioned disease, Peronospora, but I am
aware that there are other and various forms of dis-
eases that at'.ack this tuber — some forms of disease
which begin in the ground but do not show until after
lifting the crop. The past dry summer has been one
that if where ordinary care has been exercised little
disease on the tubers has been seen. We have two
splendid disease-resisting Potatos, Champions and
Magnum Bonum, yet even these will have more dis-
ease than the earlier varieties unless the earlies are
left in the ground after the tops have decayed but
more of this later. I shall endeavour to prove that it
is through the disease spores being washed from the
leaves that it is transmitted to the tubers. I at one
time believed that the spores went down the stem, thus
infecting the tubers, but it is not so, as my later
observations prove. I do not, however, go so far
as to say it is impossible ; I will admit it
does so occasionally, but not generally. At
lifting time take a dozen diseased tubers, and
where do we find the signs of disease ? — not at the end
nearest the stem but, on the contrary, at the present
time, as a matter of fact, the disease is found at both
■ends (eyes and string end); yet even no77 the pre-
ponderance is at the eye end. There are very good
reasons or causes for this, firstly, (he eye or thick end
of the tuber being naturally nearest the surface of
ground, and being also of a different texture to the
stem or string end, it is the most susceptible. Often it is
through an eye that the disease travels so, and when
the spores rest on the tuber as soon as it touches an
eye it quickly spreads. I have been told of disease,
beginning at the string end, but have never seen this
and therefore doubt it. And why is ihist" Well, I
believe, because of the fact that this end, more par-
ticularly in the kidney vaiieties, is of quite a hard
nature, and in a good tuber, when cooked, is the
least eatable — to those, at least, who like a mealy or
floury Potato. In cutting a Potato in halves (a
diseased tuber) where do we find the Peronospora ?
Very seldom do we find it at the stem end of the tuber,
but we see the continuation of the string or wood fibre
running at about equal distances all round the Potato ;
and this holds the disease — for how long I cannot say —
before it works its way to the central or more watery
portion of the tuber. Other diseases aftect the tuberff
in various ways. There are, however, tubers that are
apparently sound outside, but which when peeled for
cooking are found diseased inside, yet even in these
cases the disease can be traced to an eye. Having
said this much I will now proceed a step farther — to
consider the remedy, or at least the means of alle-
viating the ravages of the pest : this is, moulding,
or cutting cff the tops. Let me here say that the
kooner the crop is lifted after ripe the better
the quality, and better the keeping. Mould-
ing, if done in time, as Jensen recommends, is a
certain cure, but unfortunately the cure is as bad as
the disease, the high-moulding reducing the crop very
much, say half, and this half crop consists of many
Hiiall tubers. The quality, however, is of the best,
and tubers of the best neat shape also. This past
season, if the crop were lifted when just ready, the
season being early, before the autumn rains, high-
moulding would not be required. I believe, however,
that in light sandy soil this high-moulding is not at
all necessary, as I fully believe in such soil the disease
is held so long in the sand that the spores are dead

before reaching the Potatos I used to think that
the spores v/ere washed past the tubers, but whichever
it is, certainly a sandy soil is not favourable to the
spread of the Peronospora. In heavy, retcniive toil
a middle or medium system of moulding will dn,
more especially if the tops are cut oil' as they ripen or
change colour before the heavy rains begin — the
heavy rains which accompany thunderstorms with the
heat are so very favourable for the rapid spread of
the disease. Some four years since, in groiving some
thirty varieties of Potatos, in lifting for a local exhibi-
tion, immediately after a thunder-storm, I was sur-
prised to find the day after, even though the tubers
were sound to all appearance, when washed ihey
showed the disease very plainly. Those, however,
lifted before the storm remained sound. I have noted
cutting the lops because there are those who assert
nothing short of pulling up the tops will do. Stephen
Castle^ Wat Lynn^ Norfolk^ Novcmbtr 28.

Awards to Fruit. — As I believe I am the person
referred to in Mr. Gates' note on this subject at
p. 693, please allow me to say in reply that I have
not the slightest recollection of the circumstance he
names, and, moreover, I am certain that I should be
no party to disqualification of his exhibit of Court
Pendu Plat as a dessert Apple, and I think that I may
also with certainty say the same of my colleague on
that occasion, Mr. Pragnell, of Sherborne Castle.
Probably we had a discussion as to ripeness, though
of this I have no recollection, and that then I may
have said that Court Pendu Plat lost a point owing to
being unripe, but I deny that we could have had even
a thought of doing anything so absurd as disquali-
fication. As to my exhibiting the same kind at the
last show, my reply must be, that I always take
my best produce to whatever show I compete at,
and after placing together several varieties, and
judging them from my own standpoint, the three
kinds that looked best were King of Pippins, Ribston
Pippin, and Court Pendu Plat, and though the latter
were not ripe they looked so, the colour being a
bright crimson and russet. I quite think the colour of
all three of my dishes took the eye of the judges
rather than ripeness, for though all were eatable
none were in the strict sense of the word quite ripe.
I was not present at the show myself, so can give no
opinion as to whether the awards were right or
wrong; it is sufficient for me that I won, and I
should not have growled at all if Mr. Gates had
beaten me. I close by reminding him that there are
judges and judges, and though none are infallible, all
I believe try to do their best ; at any rate, hc^ may
with certainty again compete with Court Pendu Plat
as a dessert Apple without fear of being disqualified —
I say nothing as to ripeness — if he shows it as a ripe
fruit in November. The "week earlier" that he
alluded to is no criterion as to ripeness, for if he
compares the sunshine of this autumn with that of
last year, the amount has been so much greater that
all kinds of Apples and Pears are ripening at
least a month earlier than usual, and to this
cause I attribute the extra good colour and apparent
ripeness of my dish of Court Pendu Plat. W. Wild-
smith, HcikjielJ^ Winchftchi.

Covent Garden Salesmen. — I have noticed your
reply to the complaint of some sender, headed
" Covent (rarden Salesmen," wherein it is stated that
the business of sending consignments of goods to the
market is, in fact, simply *'a speculation." I cannot
see that this is so, or, if it is, it certainly should not
be, since it should be the aim of every upright sales-
man, not so much to seek to obtain consignments, as
to arrange as near as possible the despatch of goods
to meet a good market, and enable him to realise
such a price as would at all times remunerate the
sender. If this rule were adhered to there would be
little cause at all for complaint. Sampson Morgan.

I am not at all surprised to see the complaints

made of the poor prices realised for cut flowers, &c.,
sent to salesmen in Covent Garden Market in com-
parison with those published weekly in your column^.
In the first place, I always think your prices are often
overdone ; for instance, this week Gardenia blooms
are quoted at <^s, to iSj-. a dozen. I have sent blooms
this week to one I believe who returns as good prices
as any salesman in the market, and the price I have
got for really first-class blooms is 4^. a dozen. The
same by Eucharis and other choice flowers. I find
in a general way the ruling price is about one-half
the lowest price quoted in your weekly list, and to
get even that you must be careful to whom you are
sending. There are some who advertise largely
for cut blooms who, I should think, never
expect to get more than one consignment,
for their returns are never calculated to secure a
second lot from any one. I know of an instance,
when 6(/. was the return for two dozen fine Eucharis
blooms on December 2, and once when I was sending
white Camellias to a new salesman, I got a friend in
London to call on the salesman the morning my
Camellias were there, and bought a two-dozen bo.\ of
my blooms for which he paid 8^. a dozen : my return

that morning \s. 6d. per dozen ! Vou may imagine I
did not send to that salesman again. There arc good
salesmen in the market, the only thing is to find ihein.
A gocd deal is in the hands of the senders : it
you are dissatisfied once, why send again ? but lui-k
for a market elsewhere. I am certain at the present
lime scores of gentlemen's gardcneis are sendirL;
flowers to Covent Garden which do not realise sii!;i-
cient to pay for the attention to the plants. To .^iich
I would say. Find a market elsewhere than Cov.rt
Garden — look r.eirer home. /K // yoncs.

Your paragraphs in your impressi»m of the

2y h ult. and the 6 h inst. respectively seem to us to
convey such a general charge of irregularity in the
conduct of business in this raaiket, inasmuch as you
say " it is desirable to lind a remedy for a state of
things which is becoming intolerable," and knowing
that your love of fair play never intended mixing the
black with the white sheep, though we do not admit
that the excuse given in the case in point is untenable,
we must ask you to take the earliest opportunity uf
explaining to your readers that you do not wish jour
remarks to apply to those salesmen whose position
and standing have been established, and who are, we
ft el certain, above the reproach inferred by yom
remarks. 'J. WeM't-r, G. Monro, [Our correspondents
need scarcely have troubled themselves We are quite
aware that there are many whose reputation is such
as to be unaffected by what has been said, and we are
further informed that the managers of the market are
quite prepared to refuse to admit to further tenancy
any salesman of a diir-ercnt stamp against whom a
definite case can be maintained. Ku.]

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion : Augmentation Fund. — Allow me to draw
the attention of your readers to a letter signed
'J. \V.," which appeared on the 29:h ult., p. 692.
In that letter your shrewd correspondent clearly pour-
trays the views of the framers of the originil rules,
under which male pensioners receive j^i6 a year, and
females £,\2, and pertinently draws attention to the
fact that an arrangement or apportionment which has
hitherto given satisfaction is now about to be departed
from by adding ^4 a year alike to males and females,
provided the necessary funds be forthcoming by the
end of the current year. Having myself taken an
active, and I think it will be admitted very successful,
part in securing one-eighth of the money required
exclusive of the names of a few Life and Annual Sub-
scribers, kindly grant me permission to say I fully
concur in ali "J. \V." has written upon this subject,
and join with him in asking others who are interested
in the Society to express their views in your paper
before the meeting takes place in January next.
Doubtless the members of the committee have well
considered the matter, and will, through their secre-
tary (Mr. Cutler), explain to subscribers and collectors
their reasons for making the apportionment four to
five, instead of three to four, as it is only reasonable
to assume that a widow with an income of /"is a year
will be better otf than a man who may have to support
a wife and provide a home on /20 a year. W. Cole-
man.

Horizontal Tubular Boilers. — " Yorkshire-
man's" ol'j'^ct in asking asto these boilers is noduubt an
honest one, but how can he decide which is the better
boiler from the few answers received of those who
have'tised them, since the failures are not likely to be
admitted ? If onehundred repliesfrom large establish-
ments were obtained, a fair idea of the respective
merits of these and other forms would be attainable.
But how many pages of precious spice would be
required for the purpose of giving publicity to them ?
*' Thrumpton " refers to a good saddle form of boiler
supplied by a certain firm, and the next week Messrs.
Pearson refer to the same firm as supplying an im-
proved make of the horizontal tubular, but the judg-
ment of the firm referred to would not be conclusive,
as they, like other engineers, impartially provide any
boiler a customer chooses. With all deference to
gardeners, I think thereare fevv'of them who can decide
as to the best boiler, because, as a rule, theirexperience
is limited to three or four — possibly half a dozen
ditVerent ones ; and I know some who having had a.
particular make at one place which they have con-
demned, have found it to work well at their next
situation. (Juallty of fuel, setting, stoking, draught
of chimney, the arrangement of pipvs, &c., as has
been pointed out often in the pages of the Ganictwn^
Chronicle, have as much to do with the good or bad
working of the boiler as its make in must cases. A
Groombridge, while condemning the saddle, admits
he has had to reset his present boiler seven
times, but does not say of what make the
boiler is that requires such fine adjustment.
There is one important matter in connection with
tubular boilers, whether horizontal or upright, that
must be considered, and that is, being of cast-iron
they are liable to crack suddenly when forced too
rapidly ; so that, if not arranged with duplicate
boilers, the pipes are rendered useless at a critical
time, and plants are lost while waiting for repairs,

l)El.EMB£R I J, 1884.'

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

759

Wrought- iron does not give so suddenly, heats
quicker, and is safer, though it may not last as many
yi^ars as cast-iron in damp places. An S-feet, or any
open-ended saddle, is certainly wasteful of fuel, ns a
5-fect long terniinal-cnucd and tlucd saddle will heat
as much pipinc; uj-.h hn!f the fuel, and cost little, if
any raoie, when fire-bricks and setting is included.
Discussions as to boilers, some lengthy, others insig-
niticant, crop up periodically, and indicate a certain
amount of interest in the sulject. May I suggest the
importance of getting together some statjjtics from all
puts of the kingdom, and the classification of the
results in a tabular form for the guidance of the fra-
tiinity at large ? I should be pleased to assist in
preparing a form of questions if gardeners, as a whole,
would take the trouble to answer ihem, and return to
you, which I would afterwards analyse and give
averages of, as to economy, power, ^c, for publica-
tion during the winter or slack period of gardening
operations. }>cn.

I am afraid the infornntion given by

" Thrumpton " and Mr. tlroombridge in answer
to " Vorkshireman's " inquiries respecting horizontal
tubular boilers will not assist him very much in
deciding upon the merits or demerits of the various
tubular boilers in use at the present time. Mr.
Groombridge certainly gives him, at p. 628, the
number, length, and width of houses he has connected
with one boiler, and at p. 725 he gives the length of
4-inch piping he has in tho-e houses, viz , 2300 feet ;
but he omits to say whether the houses are lofty or
low, lean-to's sheltered under a south wall, or span-
roof standing out in an exposed situation, nor yet the
temperature each house is kept up to ; and instead of
the cost it would have been better had he given the
weight and class of fuel used, as the cost of the same
class of fuel varies so much in dili'erent districts.
"Thrumpton" gives less information : he simply
says that his boiler is heating 2330 feet of
4-inch pipes (p. 692) for less than 12 v. per
week, but costs more in severe weather and less
ia mild summer weather. Statements such as these,
Moless accompanied wiiU a detailed account of sur-
rounding circumstances, are cot of much value to
' Vorkshirenian,'' but are very misleading, and some-
t mes cause employers to be dissatisfied and look upon
tTjir gardeners as being expensive and extravagant
because they do not manage to work the heating
apparatus on as cheap a scale. In conclusion I may
s^y that I think their calculations should extend over
a lengthy period, on account of the extreme mildness
of the past year. J , Hir^Jies^ Edgbaston. [We think
very much more depends in heating garden buildings
on the sufficiency of pipes for the various purposes
for which the houses or pits are meant than on the
construction of the vessel in which the water is
warmed. A great deal is also dependent on the
seMing, and on intelligent stoking so as to prevent
waste of fuel. Eu ]

Cucumber Growing. — In answer to your corre-
spondent, Mr. Lnngthaw, respecting the quantity of
Cucumbers cut, which he states lobe 11.744 dozen,
certainly that is an enormous quantity ; but after
taking into consideration the quantity of glass
(765 yards), also the enormous quantity of plants
(2000), I do not see it is more than an average crop.
Now, as I wrote to the Gardeners^ Chronicle a little
more than twelve months since for the same informa-
tion as Mr. Longthaw, I may be permitted to again
refer to my success in Cucumber growing, and stale
the quantity I cut. From a houie 14 yards long
and 1^ feet sjian, with twenty-four plants, I cut from
February to November 2700 good saleable fruit, or
an average of a little over nine dozen to each plant ;
therefore, had I had the same quantiiy of plants as
your correspondent my total would have been 1^,750
dozen, aod I may state I have had equally as gucd
success this year. At/red Bis'nop,

The Jcnsenian Theory. — At p. 597, Mr. I'low-
right says Mr. Jensen "lays claim " to the discovery
of the spore-retaining power of the soil, &c , in the
Potato disease, I have shown several times that the
idea of high moulding is a very old one indeed, both
here, on the Continent, and in America. Without
the slightest feeling of disrespect to Messrs. Jensen
and Plowright I beg to say the spore-retaining idea is
equally old. Twelve years ago, a correspondent, Mr,
A. Thompson, of Whitehaven, wrote a long and
excellent letter for the Gardeners' Chronid:^ en the
Potato disease (1S72, p. 153S). The writer says " the
Potato disease may be greatly mitigated by hying and
keeping down the haulm in the furrows by moulding-
up," so that "the rain may wash the spores of the
fungus into the fui rows instead of on to the tubers."
He further says he has tried " mouldingup deep, with
the view of burying the tubers so deep as to prevent
the fungus from vegetating upon them." This writer
also refers back to the Gardeners^ Chronicle for 186 1 —
twenty-three years ago, and two years before Pro-
lessor De Bary's paper was published — where, at pp.
176, 240, and 792, the bending over of the hauha is
advocated. JV. G. Smith,

Boussingaullia baselloides.— Can you name for
me the accompanying specimen? The history of the
plant is curious. In iSSo a lady brought home a
small stick of it, about 2 feet long, from Palmeiras,
near Rio. It was in a small pot, and h,id little or
no foliage. I had it repotted in a large pot and put
it in my holhou>e, and it did nothing except put out
a (e^v small leaves about the size of a crown piece or
smaller. After two years 1 thought it might like
more sir, and I transferred ihc plant, pet and all,
into the warmer of two vineries. It there languibhed
in the same way, throwing out a few feeble tendrils,
but substantially doing nothing. I was about to throw
it away, when tighlcen months ago I thought I would
try planting it out first, and I planted it in a bed at
the back of my vinery. It has taken complete pos-
session of the place. It entirely covers the back wall,
about 25 feet by 14 feet, and is massed in thick
clusters of foliage which make a large bower in one
corner. The largest leaves have been longer than the
double width and broader than the depth of a sheet of
notepaper, and the upper part of the house is one mass
of the graceful inflorescence of which I send you a
specimen. It has spread through a weak place in the
structure and taken possession of an Ivy-covered chim-
ney outside, where it wages no unequal war with the
Ivy. We had to sacrifice about a dozen bunches of
Grapes to it this year, although we cut it back very
hard last autumn. The house is full, if a little sun-
shine comes, of wasps, flies, and bees, attracted by
the sweet smell of the flowers. I have not been able
to ascertain its name. The stem is curiously fur-
nished with knobs and excrescences. Correspondent.
[The plant is Boussingaultia baselloides, a most
graceful free-flowering fragrant plant, nearly hardy
in some places. The tubers on the stem are curious,
as resembling those found sometimes on the haulms of
Potatos. Ed.]

Grapes Shanking.— That this is the cause of as
much bewilderment at the present time as it was in
days long gone by there cannot be much doubt, and
our present knowledge and experience point to the
fact that it is likely to remain so for some consider-
able time to come. To enter into details would be
superl^uous, as such remarks as one would have to
offer, be they based on theory or practice, must
almost of necessity be simply a reiteration of what has
been stated hundreds of times before. I give the
following case, however, which was brought under
my notice only a few days ago, for what it is worth,
and will leave your readers to draw their own deduc-
tions therefrom. In a vinery planted with different
varieties were four or five Vines of Muscat of Alex-
andria at the warmest end, which shanked badly every
year. No cause could be assigned. Three or four
years ago they were cut down and grafted with Gros
Colmar. The latter has done well ever since, and
there has been no shanking of the bunches, notwith-
standing the fact that the roots and border, which are
outside, have had nothing whatever done to them,
nor has their treatment in other respects been altered.
This would seem to demonstrate that the influence of
stock and scion has in some cases an influence on
.^hanking. //. J. H.

Hot-water Pipes and Gas Tar. — It was once
mylot to be situated similarlybyto Mr. Bishop {p. .692),
but my then employer compelled the tradesman to
clean the pipes, and two men v/ere for days burning
and scraping in a similar way that old paint is
removed, bat it was months ere the houses were
free from the dreaded tar fumes. It made great
havoc among Ferns. After the pipes had been cleaned
by the tradesman I received a bottle of mixture called
Alkahost, from S. Beniams & Co., Southwark, and
with it a letter, specifying that it would remove tar
from hot-water pipes, but the tradesman having just
completed his cleaning of them I did not feel free to
try the Alkahost. If Mr. Bishop should try the
Alkahosf, perhaps he will communicate the results to
the Gardeners' Chronicle. It was to be applied to
the pipes, and the tar could be rubbed off shortly
after. Alfred Hofkins,

Seaside Shrubs. — To remedy incompleteness,
at least partially, I send the following additional list of
shrubs suitable for warm aspects facing the sea on the
west and south coasts : — Escallonia montevidensis,
Cotoneaster frigida, Veronica Traversi, Taxodium
distichum, Hydrangea paniculata, Genista prcecox,
Tamarisk, Fuchsia Ricartoni, and others. In places
sheltered entirely from north and east winds, Arundo
conspicua, various of the Eucalypti, Clethra arborea,
Azalea indica alba, Abutiion Boule de Neige (train
it as an espalier), Aralia Sieboldi, Araucaria Bidwilli,
Coprosma variegata, Phormium Veitchii, Acacia
dealbata, A. lophantha, and Camellias of sorts.
These are all shrubs seen in various South Devon and
Cornish gardens. They are put down as they occur
to me without the prompting of any references, Some
are generally known as greenhouse shrubs. Every
one speaks of the Tamarisk as a maritime shrub, but
it is not so common as its beauty ought to make it.

For the outside fence to tup the uall of the \ida
garden and act as a wind-screen nothing could well be
more desirable. The Sea Buckthorn is as much at
home inland as by Ihc sfa border, and when mingled
with the Colchic Maple (kept in due bound;), and
Cornus mascula aurea elcgantissima, forms an attrac-
tive mass of foliage and colouring. C'. .-/. M, C

Royal Horticultural: Daehiler l),

Si.lENTlFic COMMiTi-KK. — Sir J, D. Hooker,
KC.S. I., in the chair. Present : VV. (i. Smith, A.
McLachlan. Dr. Masters, Dr. G. F. Wilson, E. G,
Loder, D. Houston, A. H. Smee, R. J, Lynch.

The Scierotits of the Potato. — Mr. G. Murray stated
that he had examined Mr. Wilson's specimens in the
manner prescribed by Mr, Wilson, but had failed to
see the protoplasmic bodies mentioned. On the other
hand Mr. Smith working on the same material had
succeeded in obtaining the same results as Mr. Wilson,
and showed drawings made by himself before he had
seen Mr.Wilson's sketch. Mr. Wilson's paper and Mr,
Smith's independent observations are given in full in
another column, p. 757.

Koots of Sparinannia. — Mr. McLachlan reported
upon these roots, sent by Mr. Plowright to the last
meeting. They appear to be due to the attacks of
Rhizoglyphus Robini (?) (gen. of Tyroglyphidie). Mr.
Albert Michael reports that it has appeared this year
in numerous places, and is doing much damage to
bulbs. Theindividuals are considerably smaller than
most, but this is not unusual in Acari. He suggests
that they are not so well nourished as by bulbs. Mr.
McLachlan added that he could find nothing in the
hard swellings, but only in those that were softened by
incipient decomposition. He suggested that inunda-
tion at intervals, if practicable, might do good,
or saturation of the soil with kerosene or
bisulphide of carbon, as used for the I'hyl-
loxera, might be tried at intervals, so as to
destroy the eggs as well as the developed mites. He
further remarked on the Tyroglyphidx, that they
have been supposed by some to be parasitic on the
Phylloxera, but that this idea is not entertained by
Mr. Michccl. They usually attack the Lily bulbs
between the scales, apparently giving rise to a resinous
exudation not uncommon on bulbs. Mr. Smith re-
ported on the same roots that he had discovered
nematoid worms, but only on the green parts.

Floral Monstrosities, — Dr. M. T. Masters exhibited
drawings of Vicia americana and Cypripedium
Sedeni. In the former the calyx had stipular pro-
cesses developed between the lobes ; the petals were
simple or variously lobed, five to seven in number,
with little or no distinction between the standard,
wings, and keel. The stamens were variable in
number, some consisting of simple threads devoid of
anthers, others bearing at the top two to three petal-
like lobes ; when three in number the central one
bore an abortive anther. The pistil was stalked
with more or less foliaceous carpels without ovules.
The Cypripedium had the three sepals distinct ; the
two lateral petals were arranged diagonally, unequal
in size, A lip-Iike petal was slightly calcarate at
the tip. The column had the two lateral stamens
perfect, but no staminode. Each stamen bore a
petaloid wing.

Diospyros Kaki, — Mr. G. F. Wilson showed ripe
fruits of this plant of the size and colour of a Trophy
Tomato. The flavour was agreeable, and free from
aslringency.

Cola acuminata. — Mr, Ridley showed a specimen
of a seedling of this plant in which there was a well-
developed miniature inflorescence between the fleshy
cotyledons.

Passiftora fetida.—^\x, R. J. Lynch showed from
the Cambridge Botanic Garden ripe fruits of this
species invested by a fringed involucre thickly
studded with glandular hairs, like those of Nigella ;
the fruit itself was ovoid, of the size of a Cherry,
quite glabrous, and of an orange-yellow colour.
Though the plant is weedy in habit, the fruits,
with their delicately fringed bracts, were very
attractive.

Sphicralcea n/nl'ellata, &^c. — Mr. Lynch showed
flowers of this handsome Malvad, and also of Abuti-
ion igneum.

Ncisfotted Potatos. — A communication was read
from Yorkshire to the effect that "a large crop, of
fully 10 tons to the acre, was badly attacked by this
disease. It was a fi.rst crop after breaking up a com-
mon where formerly Heather and Fern grew. The
soil was light and sandy. The worst affectc!
appeared to be from the earliest planted seed. (A
similar attack has occurred in Potatos grown in old
soil.) The land was worked well, ann manured
with a dressing of long dung, and about 6 cwt.
per acre of a mixture comprising sulphate of

760

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 18

potash, muriate of potash, dissolved bones, and
sulphate of ammonia, this mixture having proved
to be eminently suitable in sandy soil." Iq-
formaiion was also received from Kent, where the
disease has occurred since 1S79, when it attacked
Early Rose, since which year it has appeared more
or less annually. In 1S82 " Myatt's Ashleaf was
badly spotted, but it did not at all affect its growing
qualities, for the produce from them was entirely free
Worn it. This year the worst is Magnum Bonum,
but several varieties are more or less attacked. The
ioil is a light sandy loam on a high and dry
situation. Different manures appear to have no
effect in either producing or reducing the spots."
Another writer, near Clevedon, "has discontinued
growing Victoria on account of this particular disease,
which is very bad in dry seasons. The soil is a
sandy one, more or less, in every place where they
were grown. Manure appears to have nothing to do
with it." The coincidence of red-spotted tubers with
a sandy soil, and the agreement that manure has
nothing to do with it, is thus far noticeable. Further
observations or experiences are desired, and commu-
nications are requested to be sent to Rev. G, Henslow,
Drayton House, Ealing.

OidiiiJH Balsamii. — Mr. W. G. Smith showed
specimens of this fungus attacking Grapes at Chis-
wick to such an extent as to make them unsaleable.

Evergreen /Va«<?.— Sir Joseph Hooker mentioned
the receipt of specimens of this tree from Crete, which
retained their leaves long after those of the ordinary
P. orientalis had been shed. Although the tree was
mentioned by Pliny it was little known in this
country.

Drawings of Egyptian Mummy with Wreaths in
situ. — He also exhibited a drawing sent by Dr.
Schweinfurth, showing the Lotus leaves and wreaths
in situ on the Egyptian mummies. The wreaths and
plants contained in them were described in Nature
and elsewhere.

Floral Commhtee : Section A. — Present:
J. O'Brien, Esq. in the chair, and Messrs. H,
Williams, E. Hill, J. Dominy, H. Ballanline, J.
Hudson, H. Herbst. J. Woodhouse, G. F. Wilson,
J, Liing, and Dr. Masters.

Section B. — Present : Shirley Hibberd, Esq., in
the chair, and Messrs. Dr. Kellock, H. Bennett,
W. Bealby, J. Douglas, G. Duffield, H. Cannell,
and H. Turner.

Among new plants sent by W. Lee, Esq., Down-
side, must be noticed a Dendrobium that had been
named Leechianum, but which was determined
to be merely a variety, although a good and dis-
tinct one, of D. Ainsworthii. It was very free
flowering, and the lip marked with a distinct
purplish brown blotch. It received a Cultural Com-
mendation. Mr. Lee showed likewise Odonto-
glossum aspersum with large sepals spotted with
brown, light yellow petals, with white lip ; also a
small plant of Masdevallia racemosa, with one small
red flower ; as the plant was obviously in an un-
developed state, and the species was known to be
much finer than here represented, no award
was made, but a wish was expressed that the plant
might be again seen when in better condition.
From Baron Schrteder's garden Mr. Ballantine
showed the beautifully rich-coloured Cattleya bulbosa
grandiflora carrying three expanded blooms — Mr.
James, The Nurseries, Lower Norwood, exhibiting
another, with one bloom opened, of a deeper colour
than Mr. Ballantine's. The former grew on a slab
without sphagnum, whilst the latter was grown in a
shallow pan with packing. Mr. Ballantine contri-
buted Odontoglossum Andersonianum flaveolens, a
beautiful flower-spike, and a cut flower-spike of un-
common length of Acrides Rohanianum. F. A. PhiU-
brick, Esq., Oldfield, Bickley, likewise had a plant ol
Odontoglossum Andersonianum with a spike of thir-
teen blooms of good quality and substance. From
the same garden came a fine plant of Cypripedium
insigne violaceo-punctatum, a good old thing, by no
means common in gardens, the dorsal sepal broadly
margined with white, the central part of which limb
is boldly spotted with brown on a green ground, the
rest of the flower like an ordinary C. insigne.
Mr. Chamberlaine, gr. to G. F. Wilson, Esq.,
brought a charming plant of Odontoglossum
Alexandras, having forty-five blooms on one spike.
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed two new
greenhouse Rhododendrons of brilliant colours. R.
Conqueror, a scarlet flower in a large full corymb,
with anthers dark plum colour ; and R. Queen of
Roses, a deep rosy-pink of similar formation to the
first-named, the habit and foliage of these two
varieties being identical. From this nursery came an
elegant looking Fern, Adiantum Collisi, having very
long slender fronds of a light green colour, the pinna;
widely separated. The plant would make a good
table decorative subject, without quite intercepting
objects from view. Sir Trevor Lawrence (gr., Mr.
W. Baxter) showed Calanthe Sandhurstiana, a bril-
liant rose-coloured hybrid, not seen at its best, the
plant being very small and weak ; also the dark
brown flowered Houllelia odoratissima. Mr. B. S.

Williams, The Nurseries, Upper Holloway, exhibited
some rosy-scarlet Poinsettias. A tree Carnation with
a floriferous habit and colour of the old Clove
Carnation, regular and full, was shown by Mr.
C. Turner, of Slough, at the same time show-
ing Carnations in some variety — Garnet, a scarlet
flower ; and Emerald, a cerise one, being the
prettiest. Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, exhi-
bited some splendid varieties of zonal Pelargoniums,
single flowered Chrysanthemums, of which three were
of American origin, viz., Peter Henderson, Zephyr,
and Henry Irving, evidently hybrids of Japanese
kinds ; also a stand of a white Anemone-flowered
variety, very pretty, and great bunches of white Pelar-
gonium La Cygne, a double or rather semi-doable
form, and Queen of the Belgians, a fine white single
flowered kind, very pure in colour and regular. From
the same nursery came some good Primula sinensis,
of telling tints generally. Messrs. Cannell & Sons
were awarded a Bronze Medal for their collection. A
nice lot of bloom, and blooming plants of Violet
Comte de Brazza, came from Mr. W. Allan, gr.,
Gunton Park Gardens. Messrs. W. Paul & Son,
Waltham Cross, showed Abies Douglasii glauca, side
by side with A. Douglasii of the normal character, by
which means the decided glaucous tint of the first was
markedly shown. Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Stanstead
Park, Forest Hill, exhibited several new Chrysanthe-
mums of the various sections of this flower, amongst
them being the new golden pompon, Val d'Or,
favourably noticed by us last week.
The following were the awards : —

Fikst-Class Certificates.

To Baron Schrosder.for Odontoglossum Andersonianum
flaveolens.

To Baron Schroeder, for Cattleya bulbosa grandiflora.

To Mr. Henry James, for Cattleya bulbosa grandi-
flora,

To Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Calanthe Sandhurstiana.

To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Rhododendron Con-
queror.

To F. A. Phillbrick, Esq., for Cypripedium insigne
violaceo-punctatum.

To Mr. C. Turner, for Carnation (Tree) Grand
Monarch.

To Messrs. I. Laing & Co., for Chrysanthemum Val
d'Or and C. Fabias de Maderanaz.

Fruit Committee. — Present : H. Veitch, Esq.,
in the chair, and J. Burnett, S. Lyon, J. Willard,
C. Ross, G. Goldsmith, — Silverlock, G. T. Miles,
J. Roberts. P. Crowley, J. Lee, S. Ford, Dr. Hogg,
W. Paul, R. D. Blackmore.

Mr. J. Hudson, gr., Gunnersbury House, sent
half a dozen Pine-apples in three sorts, viz.. Lord
Carrington, Smooth-leaved Cayenne and Queen,
for which he was awarded a Commendation, as
was Mr. J. Robertson, Gunnersbury Park, for
Negro Largo Figs ; and G. F. Wilson, Weybridge,
for fruits of Diospyros Kaki. Mr. C. Koss, gr.,
Wilford Park, showed several seedling Apples. From
Messrs. Veitch & Sons was sent Celery " variegata," a
variety requiring no earthing up to blanch it for
kitchen use.

The English Arboricultural Society. — The
annual general meeting of the English Arboricultural
Society was held on Saturday afternoon in the committee-
room of the Victoria Hall, Carlisle, Mr. James Watt, of
Knowefield Nurseries, in the chair. After the pre-
liminary business of the meeting had been disposed of
the Chairman delivered an address, directing attention
to the increased interest attaching to all subjects con-
nected with forest industries in every country, in the
course of which he said the past year had been a red-
letter one in the annals of forestry. At no previous time
was it recorded that so much had been spoken, written,
and practically done in connection with the subject.
The country at large was waking up to the vast import-
ance of timber, which formed the backbone of all
industries. Some of the most important questions of the
day were " Tree Planting versus Corn Growing,"
"British Schools of Forestry," " Re-aflbresting of
Ireland," and "Colonial Wood Conserving." During
this year they had inaugurated the first " Forestry
Exhibition '" ever held in Europe. Sir John Lubbock
would shortly move in the House of Commons to
inquire into the state of the woods and forests of
this country. Dr. L>ons had already done so, and
had also lectured upon forestry in Edinburgh, Chester,
and other places. Essays had been written and
read every whererc, and hardly a publisher's aita-
logue appeared without a reference to some book
or work upon the subject. All this was satisfac-
tory, and proved that the art with which they were
connected was receiving general attention.

Planting iuk Pkoiii. — There was not much
sign of agriculture becoming more profitable ; and
a large proportion of land hitherto cultivatiid in
more prosperous times would be bcttei under wood-
lands, inasmuch as it would not only give a better
return, but also improve the value of the adjoining
lands in every respect. He was fortified in this state-
ment by a paper read by Mr. Baty, at the I'oreslry Ex-
hibition, iu which he gave the result ol twenty-eight ycara'
management of the Netherby woods, iho\sing that the
receipts from juoo acres uf woudlauds amounted to J^\

lot, iit:^. per acre, and the expenditure to I2J. ^d. Early
in the present century the Earl of Cawdor planted on bis
Nairnshire property, 800 acres of hilly land, tfie value
of which was but nomimal ; and now that it had been
cut and sold the wood realised the handsome sum of
^'16,000.

Schools or Forestry. — Schools of forestry were
wanted for instruction for the sake of domestic progress.
As a nation they should have a school of foresters that
would carry the scientific principles of forestry abroad
wherever England had any direct influence poli-
tically or nationally. We had hitherto been
indebted to France and Germany for the
education of the foresters required for our colonial
plantations. He believed, however, that a scientific
school combining forestry, agriculture, and horticulture,
in all its phases would be of most advantage ; and that
Edinburgh would probably be the most suitable centre
for such an establishment in connection with the great
University there. Agriculture and horticulture, like
twin sisters, had progressed very materially during the
present century, but arboriculture had been much
neglected. The possibility of a wood famine had turned
the attention of the Governments of various countries
to protecting their timber resources. In America alone
io,ooo,coo of acres of forest were annually consumed,
of which railroads and manufactures used 175,000
acres.

Forestry in Ireland.— The re -afforesting of Ire-
land was being eagerly pressed upon the notice
of the public and on the Government by Dr.
Lyons and others. That Ireland offered magni-
ficent opportunities for the growth of timber was
unquestionable. Mr. Howitz, the Forest Conservator
of Copenhagen, who inspected and reported on the
adaptability ot Ireland for the purposes of re-afforesting,
said that in that direction they had found a key to a
paradise of wealth and prosperity. Mr. Howitz said
that the committee who reported on the planting
of the low lying lands in France near the Garonne
in 1837 predicted that the timber would add more
than 1,000,000 francs to the wealth of France, and
the prophecy, which was at first looked upon as wild,
had been more than fulfilled ; and a region which thirty
years ago was one of the poorest and most miserable
in France might now be ranked amongst the wealthy
and prosperous. When the poor maritime Pine in such
a region could furnish such results what could not be
done with the humid and rich soils on the hills and
ranges of Ireland, where the best and most costly trees
of Europe and America would find a congenial home ?
The facts he had given should lead ilie Government to
consider some scheme whereby Ireland could be turned
to account; and if this were done it would help to
materially lessen the dire poverty which e.xists, and still
more the hostile feeling which prevails towards Britain,

The Forestry Exhibition. — He reviewed the re-
sults of the Forestry E.xhibition in Edinburgh, which
was visited by 500,000 persons. It brought out the
fact that several nations — lapan. for instance — were
ahead of us in regard to forestry ; demonstrated the
importance of the use of wood pulp in paper-making ;
and proved that we could produce hard, durable,
and brilliantly coloured woods, to the cultivation of
which more attention should be paid than hitherto.
Specimens of Scotch Fir timber from Balmoral exhibited
qualities both of colour and graining unsurpassed by
any imported coniferous woods. We had still a great
deal to learn regarding the best methods of seasoning
timber. There was to be a forestry exhibition at the
Alexandra Palace next year. It ^poke well for the
forestry of the North that the first exhibition of the kind
was taken up by the Scottish Society ; and he believed
he was one of the four who first talked of the feasibility
of the scheme, which very soon assumed the practical
shape he had described.

The History and Aim of the Society. — This was
the title of a paper read by Mr. VV. Clark, of Carlisle,
Having described the history of the Society, which owed
its birth to the county of Northumberland, he dealt with
its aim under the following headb :— i. As it aftects land-
owners ; J. As it aftects wood foresters ; and 3, As it
aftects our own nation. Discussing the question as .
affected landowners he pointed out that the primary con
sideration lor them nmst naturally be a financial one.
This was commonly supposed to refer to the value of
timber cut and sold from a given area. That, however,
was a question which he would leave to others to discuss.
He then proceeded to deal with the subject of finances
under five divisions as follo\\s :— i. The value of shelter
plantations ; 2. The value ot plantations for appearance ;
3. The value of plantations lor game ; 4. Hygiene
and superfluous moisture ; 5. The possibility ot new
markets fur the produce. With regard to the latter
head he said the Forestry Exhibition in Edinburgh made
one thing verj- evident, that there was a large held for in-
genuity and enterprise for native timber, and many of
the articles manufactured were natty, useful, eredit;ible,
and desirable. Coming to the third head of the subject,
he said forestry had a national v.ilue, and it followed
that any encouragement ill the practice was a national
gain. Forestry in regard to hygiene, a subject on which
he had dealt at length, was surely a national matter ;
but this a.spect of the question was now much better
understood and valued than previously, particularly in
towns and open spaces, its necessity being acknowledged
for the health of the inhabitants. It had now been fully
proved that when the natural forests disappear to any
great extent drought began to prevail, and the produce
on the land was destroyed for want of moisture. This
fact was now so apparent in some parts of America that
a scheme of re-afforesting was now an acknowledged

December 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

761

duty on the part of the American Government. A writer
had stated in a recent number of a scientific magazine
that the basis of national wealth was not gold, but wood,
and in support of this proposition the following facts
were adduced :— The great tableland of Central Asia
was in historic times as fertile as a garden, and produced
food for the support of great and populous nations. The
reckless destruction of the forests had converted the
great plains and valleys of that part of the world into
dreary deserts, which afforded sustenance to only a few
scattered tribes of nomads. Immense herds of sheep
and goats, computed at 15.000 in each liprd, were the
instruments which brought about this terrible transition.
These immense herds cropped the seedling trees, so that
natural production was arrestod, and the mature trees in
the course of time decayed. The climate became arid ;
the watercourses dried up ; and the land, ceasing to bear
its fruit in due season, finally became a howling desert.
It was his opinion that it was a national duty to provide
a supply of timber for the coming generation ; and he
hoped it would rest with a Government of England to
clothe our mountains with timber either by the loan of
money at a low interest to proprietors, or by taking the
matter into their own hands. If the Cumberland fells
were clothed with the Larch and the Pine tribe what
a mighty change would come over the hills and dales,
now left to support a few blackfaced sheep in summer,
in respect to the advantages he had referred to, let alone
the value of the timber when it arrived at the stage of
maturity. M. Boppe, Inspector-General of Forests in
France, recently paid a visit to this country to report on
the Highland forests, and in the course of his report he
stated that if a line were drawn from Greenock to Perth
there would be found north of the boundary no less
than 5,ooo,oooof acres, at present regarded as mere waste,
W'hich were capable o( being converted into valuable
timber forests. If that were done, and the forests
worked on the German system, they would supply an
annual growth of timber fifty or sixty years hence more
than double that imported from Russia, Norway,
Sweden, and America. One half ol this area under trees
would also be open for grazing purposes, and from the
.shelter and the superior quality of the grass found in the
forests ample food would be afforded to twice as
many head of cattle and sheep as the same quantity
ol moorland or exposed pasture would supply. Still
further, the working and management of the forests
and the development of hundreds of industrial enter-
prises connected with them, and their products would
afibrd a steady means of employment and subsistence to
a large proportion of the inhabitants of the Highlands
who at present eked out a precarious living as crofters.
We required a trained class of men for our Indian planta-
tions, and if forestry was now fully and intelligently pur-
sued in this country we could furnish any number of
competent men. Hence it became a national question
to be able to teach our own candidates. And this
could only be done by raising forestry to a higher
place than it had yet occupied in this country. In con-
clusion he advised the Society to increase their member-
ship, and the interest of landowners and all others con-
nected with land in the subject of forestry, in order that
something might be done to promote that progress in the
matter which they all desired.

Royal Caledonian Horticultural. — The annual
meeting of this Society was held in one of the side rooms
of the Music Hall on December 4, Mr. John Downie
presidmg. Mr. P. Neil Fraser, Treasurer, submitted an
abstract of the accounts for the year ending November
30 last, from which it appeared that the income had
amounted to'_^i55i, and'the expenditure to ^1491, show-
ing a surplus revenue of /"60. The receipts included
j^*469 from member's subscriptions, and /."looS from the
drawings at the spring, summer, and autumn shows,
while the expenditure in connection with the shows was
,^633, and in prize money ^^753. At November 30 the
i mds amounted to ^^'1249, an increase of ^^43 as com-
pired with last year. The report was considered very
sitisfactory, and on the motion of Mr. Dunn, seconded
by Mr. Lament, was unanimously adopted. Office-
bearers were then proposed and elected as follows : —
President, the Marquis of Lothi.tn ; Vice-Presidents, the
Duke of Buccleuch and the Earl of Siair, in place of two
retiring ; Members of Council, John Capperton, of Gils-
land, and George McKinnon, gardener, Melville Castle,
in place of two Councillors retiring by rotation ; Secre-
tary, Mr. John Stewart ; Treasurer, Mr. Neil Fraser ;
and Auditor, Mr. J. Turnbull Smith, C.A. The Chair-
man, in proposing that a winter Chrysanthemum show
should be held by the Society, said that winter shows
were now held in various places throughout the country,
and had proved very successful. Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith,
thought they could afford at least to try the experiment,
pnd with an open winter like that of last year there was
little fear but that it would be successful. They would,
of course, include autumn fruit and plants in the show.
He moved that the Coimcil be empowered to carry out
t'le necessary arrangements for holding a winter show
n ;xt year. The motion was carried unanimously.

©ijituarg.

Daniel Judd. — We regret to announce the decease
of this well known gardener, at the age of sixty-nine,
after a long and painful illness, at Shefford, in Bed-
fordshire. The deceased was widely known and much
respected in the horticultural world, not only on
ace mnl of his kind and genial nature, but also as a
thoroughly practical and skilful gardener, especially
ia the cultivation of fruit. He was born at Edmonton,

in Middlesex, and after spending his time to the age of
fourteen in a grammar school, he was employed by his
father, also a gardener, in doing light work about the
garden. After six months' employment at home
he went to Rrockett Hall, in Hertfordshire, and after
two or three years to the Royal Kitchen Garden at
Kew. After various minor situations at Gunnersbury
and Chiswich, he entered the service of W, H.
Whitbread, Esq., Sou thill Park, Bedfordshire, as
head gardener, and remained with him seven years,
lie afterwards (in 1S4S) was engaged by Earl
Spencer, at Althorpe, where he stayed ten years,
where he achieved in 1S53 or 1S54 the feat of placing
new and old Black Hamburgh Grapeson his employer's
table on January i. Mr. judd served Lord Hill, at
I lawkestone Park, where he remained till his lordships's
death in 1875, and was afterwards gardener to the Earl
of Warwick at Warwick Castle, and latterly at Mr.
Seely's, Brook House, Isle of Wight. He was held
in high esteem by the late Mr. James Veitch, and also
by other members of the firm, and he was selected to
judge the Veitch Memorial Prize at Carlisle, besides
acting in a similar capacity at Edinburgh and other lead-
ing exhibitions. A fuller account, with a portrait of
Daniel Judd will be found in our issue for June 19, 1875.

STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON
For the Week Ending Wednesday, Dece.mbkr 10, 1884,

I I

Dec. In. In.

4 2923—053

5 29 58 — o 18

6 ' 29.54 —022'
I I

7 1 2g tS — e.og!

8 ' 29.70 — 0.08

9 29.8a 4-0-03
10 I 29.74 —0.05

Hygrome-

trical De-

ductions

from

Wind.

Glaisher's

Tables 6lh

Edition

Dew Point.

Degree of
Humidity.
Sat. = 10a.

u
%

51 040.011.044.5+ 2.739.9:

1

46.537,0: 9.5>.9
54 5 44 0:10.5 so 7
S3. 5146. 2 7.3:50.7
54.0:43.0:11.047 4
,44.035.0! 9.0:38.6

i ' !

:49.»340:IS. 0 43-6

^\ w.sw.

+ >.237."j 81
-I- 9.1,46 8| 88
+ 9.2I4S.8:

Mean 29.61 — ai6l5o. 4:39.9 10.5 45.5 + 4.041.2

+ 6.0
— 2.6
+ 2.6

84
83
92 {
8,1

W.NW
S.W.
S,W.

s.s.w.

S.W. : ! ,^
W.N W'°-*5

WNW:1 „

w-sw.;"-"

In.
o.tS
0.17
0.03

0,85

0.00

S.W. ioSg

. 4. — Kain in early moniiii^, hail at xz.30 A.m ; dull after-
noon, fine clear nitht.

5 —Fine day, cloudy at times : dark night, fain in
evening.

6. — Drizzling rain in morning, very dull day ; dull till
10 p M.. fine and clear afterwards.

7 — Fine and bright till noon, dull aficrnoon; frequent
rain at night.

8- — Dull day, paitly cloudy at night.

9. — Rain from early m rning till 3 r.M ; fine cold
night,
10. — Fine bright morning, rough wind in afternoon and
night, raia falling in evening.

London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending December 6, the reading of the barometer
at the level of the sea increased from 29.97 inches at
the beginning of the week to 30.06 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 3oih, decreased to 29.87 inches by 3 p.m. on
the 1st, increased to 29.93 inches by midnight on the
same day, decreased to 29 63 inches by 3 p.m., and
increased to 29.69 inches by midnight on the 2d,
decreased to 29.42 inches by 3 P.M., increased to 29 49
inches by midnight on the 3d, decreased to 29 27
inches by 9 a.m. on the 4th, increased to 29.76 inches
by 9 A.M., increased to 29. St inches by midnight on
the 5th, decreased to 29 69 inches by 3 P.M. on the
6th, ani was 29.76 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29 70 inches, being 0.36 inch lower than last
week, and 0.22 inch below the average of the week.

Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 54°. 5, on the 3d and 6th ;
the highest on November 30 and December I was
37°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures
was 46*. 9.

The lowest temperature was 29" on November 30 ;
on the 6th the highest was 44". The mean of the
seven low night temperatures was 36^.7.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
16^5, on the 2d ; the smallest was 5°, on December I.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 10". 2.

The mean temperatures were — on November 30,
32°.5 ; on December I, 34". 8 ; oq the 3(1, 41*; on

the 3d, 49*.5 ; on the 4lh, 44''.5 ; on the
5th, 42^9; on the 6th, 50°. 7 ; of these the first
three were below their average by 9°.2, 6°.9, and o".S
respectively, the rest were above by 7".7, 2*.7, l*.2,
and 9°. I.

The mean temperature for the week was 42*.3,
being 5°. 7 higher than last week, and o''.5 above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 69', on the 4ih, The mean of the seven readings
was 58°. 4.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 21°, on November 30.
The mean of the seven readings was 2"]°,^,

Rain, — Rain fell on every day in the week to the
amount of 0.99 inch.

England : Temperature, — During the weekending
December 6, the highest temperatures were 56° at
Truro, 5S°.S at Cambridge, 54". 5 at Ulackheath ; the
highest at Preston was 49°. 5, at Bolton 50°. 6, at Sun-
derland 51°. The general mean was 52". 8.

The lowest temperatures were 22° at Wolverhamp-
ton and Hull, 23°.3 at Bolton ; the lowest at Truro
was 33*, at Liverpool 3o°.3, at Plymouth 29^8. The
general mean was 26*,

The greatest ranges were 3i*'.4at Cambridge, 30°
at Hull, 29°.8 at Bristol ; the smallest ranges were
22°. 5 at Preston, 23"^ at Truro, and 23*.! at Liver-
pool. The general mean was 26*. 8.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 53°, at Plymouth 5o'.4, at Bristol
49°. 7 ; and was lowest at Preston, 42*. 2, at Bradford
43°, at Wolverhampton 43°. 2. The general mean
was 45". 8.

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 4t°.7, at Plymouth 39*, at Liver-
pool 37°. 8 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 30", 9,
at Bolton 3l^6, at Nottingham and Hull 32°. 7. The
general mean was 35",

The mean daily range was greatest at Bristol,
I3°,i, at Wolverhampton 12". 3, at Bolton ll°.9 ; and
was least at Preston, 7°, at Liverpool 8". 5, at Brad-
ford 9°. 2. The general mean was I0°.8.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 47°.2,
at Plymouth 44°.6, at Bristol 43°; and was lowest
at Wolverhampton, 36^.9, at Bolton 37°.4, at Hull
and Bradford 38°.3. The general mean was 40°.3.

Rain. — The largest falls were 2.71 inches at Bolton,
2.29 inches at Truro, 2. 17 inches at Brighton; the
smallest falls were 0.56 inch at Sunderland, 0.60 inch
at Hull, o. 87 inch at Nottingham. The general
mean was 0.31 inch,

Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ng December 6, the highest temperature was 51*, at
Glasgow, at Dundee the highest was 45°. 5. The
general mean was 48°. 7.

The lowest temperature in the week was I5'.8, at
Aberdeen ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
26°. The general mean was 22°. 5.

The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 38°.3 ;
and lowest at Dundee, 34^7. The general mean
was 36°. 8.

Rain. — The largest fall was 2.82 inches, at Greenock,
and the smallest fall was 0.73 inch, at Edinburgh.
The general mean fall was 1. 21 inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Answers to Correspondents,

Books : J. V. [&= G. P. Chapman & Hall. Plant
Life {Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bouverie
Street, Whitefriars).— f^. K. G. De Candolle and
Nyman. We do not know the price : publishers
should advertise the prices. Williams & Norgate
will procure Nyman for you. Bentkam and Hooker,
3 vols. (Williams & Norgate).

Gardeners" Royal Benevolent Institution: "A
Becoming Member, if Suitable," who "has not yet
seen the particulars of the said Institution," should
apply to the Secretary, E. R. Cutler, Esq., Tavistock
Row, Covent Garden.

Hot-water Pipes and Tar : W. "J. Mitckison
writes : — " I think Mr. Bishop will be able to remove
the tar from his hot-water pipes by first coating them
with muriatic acid, or with vitriol diluted in water, and
then afterwards washing them with water. It would
be the best plan to wash them with a brush, as great
care must be taken that none of the mixture touches
the hands."

Insect : G, Potter. A species of Weevil.

Names of Fruit : J. Brown. Apple: Cox's Orange
Pippin. — H*. W. and S. i, Beurre dAnjou ; 2, pro-
bably Josephine de Malines ; 3. not recognised. —
W. Pilgrim, i, Winter XeUs ; 2, Beurr6 Clairgeau ;
3, Bergamotte d'Esperen ; 4. Beurr^ Die! ; 5, Easter
Beurre ; 6, Beurr^ dAnjou. — Wm. M. i, Jersey
Gratioli ; 2, probably Winter Crassane ; 3, not recog-
nised ; probably a stewing Pear. — W. R. Fryer, The
sort probably was not recognised.

Names of Plants : R. H. B. Kuonymus europEcus.
— H. A. H. Phalaris arundinacea. — /'. C. Aspidium
\Qh^\\\x\\.— Henry Bissdt, Pholidotaimbricata,

762

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884.

Turf Laying : Alpha. This should be laid on ground
that has been perfectly levelled, and which ought to
have a loose crumby surface of about half an inch in
depth. If the turves are of an even thickness ihcy
can then be laid with regularity, ramming them
when a few square rods have been put down. Owing
to the large size of turf-beaters they are not so well
suited to the purpose as wooden rammers, consisting
of a round block of hard wood, 6x6 inches, having
a level bottom surface. No ramming may be done
whilst the turves are frozen, nor yet immediately after
heavy rain, nor during very dry weather, unless water-
ing be resorted to,

*^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor," and not to the Publisher,
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.

Intelligent Readers, please note. — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

]OHN Lamont & Son, Edinburgh— Roses.

11. Strauss, Ehrenfeld, Cologne — Choice Orchid and
Palm Seeds,

Thomas Davies & Co., Wavertree, Liverpool— Ever-
greens, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit Trees,
&c.

Ireland it Thomson, Edinburgh — Forest Trees,
Conifers. Hollies, Rhododendrons, &c.

RonERT Owen, Maidenhead — Chrysanthemums.

Communications Received : — R. E. T. — The Secretary,
Birkbeck Institute.— H. W. W.— M. de Candolle, Geneva.—
W. M.-W. H. C.-E. S, D.-E. Harvey.— W. A. Herd-
man.— C. B. Plowrighr.— T. Coomber.— A. W.— R. D.—
T. Fletcher.-J. F.— A. B.— F. A, B.-C. M. O —A. Bishop.
— R. G.— J. O'E.— Sutton & Sons. — Harrison Weir.—
J. T. B.— M. B— W. J. B.— A. Mathew5.-G. Trinder.—
W. P. H. next week.— H. W.,Toobridge Wells.— Ed. A.,
Paris. — R. F. L. many thanks. — J R., with ihanks. — H. & Co,

COVENT GARDEN, December ii.

TThe suhjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the prit cipal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fljctuate. not only from day to day, but often
several times m one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can lliey be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed 1

Trade dull, and prices remaining the same. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— AvERAGB Wholbsalh Prices,

s. d. s. d.
Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40
— Nova Scotia and

Cana-Jian, barrel 10 0-24 o
Cobs, per 100 lb. . . 60 o-Sa 6
Grapes, per lb. .. 16-40

s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ,.12 0-18 o
Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 20-..
— St. Michael, each 4 c-10 o
Pears, French, doz. 16-36

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,

per doz. , . ..40-60

Beans, French, lb. i o- ..
Beet, per doz, .. 10-,.

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20
" " 06-..

Lettuces, Cab., doz.
French, each

r. d. s.

1 6- ,

6-

Cairots, per bun
CauliHowers, Eng-

hsh, dozen.. .. 10-26
Celeriac, pe.- root ..04-..
Celery, per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each ..06-10
Endive, English, per

dozen . . , , i o- , .

Garlic, per lb. ^. 06- ,,

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Horse Radish, bun. 30-40

PoTATOS. — Magnum Bonums, 4'^.!. to 70J, ; Regents, 705. togif.
Champions. 45J. to 6oi. p-jr ton. Marktt-, liave a down^
ward tendency.

Mint, green, bunch.. 16-..
Mushrooms.p. baskt. 10-20
Unioiis, per bushel . 40-..
— Spring, per bun, o 6- .■
Pars!ey, per bunch. . 04-..
Radishes, per dor. .. 10-..
Khubnrb, bundle .. o 8- ..
Salsify, per bund, .. 10- ..
Scakale, per punnet 20-26
Small saladiig, per

punnet . . ..04-.,

Spinach, per bushel 20-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16
Turnips, bun. .. o 5- ..

Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.

CfJT Flowers.- AvER^GR Wholesale Prices,

/. d. s. d.
Abutilon. 13 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, la bims. 60-90
Azalea, 12 sprays .. i o- 1 0
Bouvardias, per bun. 09-10
Camellias, per doz ,. 2 c- 6 u
Carnations, la blms. 10-20
Chrysanth., xi bun. 4 0-12 o
— large, 12 blooms i o- a o
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-06
Epiphyllum, lab'ms. 06-09
Eucharis, per doz. .. 40-60
Euphorbia jacqumi-

flora, 12 sprays ,. 10-20
Gardenias. 12 blms.. g 0-18 o
Heliotrnocs. i2sp. .. 06- i o
Hyaciiithi, Roman,

12 sprays . , .. i c- i 6

LapiigKria, white, 12

blooms .. ..20-30
— red, 12

blooms . . ..10-20
Lily-of- Valley, spray o 6- t o
Marguerites, 12 bun. ^0-60

'^^ignonette, 12 bun. 6
N^rcissu^, Paper-

white, 12 fpra>s .. 2
Pelargouiums, per 12

sprays .. ,. i

— scarlet, 12 sprays o
Pcinsetlia, 12 blooms 3
Primula, double, bun. i

— sinensis, 12 bun, 4
Roses (indoor), doz. 2

— French, per doz. o
St-kesia, iz blooms i
Tropjeolum, 12 bun. 1
Tuberoses, per doz.. 1
Tulips, 12 blooms .. i
Violets, la bun. . . i

— French, bunch.. 1

— Parme, French,
per bunch .. ..5

W.il (lower, 12 bun . . 4
White lasmine, per
burch .. .. o

d. t. d.

0-90

6-30

0-20

6-09

0-90

o- J 6

0-60

0-60

9- I 6

o- . .

0-20

0-20

0-16

0-16

6-20

0-70
0-60

s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per dozen .. .,6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Arum Lilies, dozen 9 c-15 o
Begonias, per doz. ., 4 c-12 o
Tiouvardia, dozen .. g o-iS o
Clirysanth., dozen .. 6 0-12 o
Cyclamens, per doz, 9 0-24 o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsena terminalis.

per dozen . . . , 30 0-60 o

— vindis, per doz..i2 0-24 o
Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-54 o
Eiica, various, doz, 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var,,
pet dozen . . . , 6 0-24 o

s. d. s. d.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 0

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each ,. -.2 0-10 o

Hyacinths, Roman,
each . . ..10-20

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o

Myrtles, per doz. ., 6 0-12 o

Palms in variety,
each .. .. 2 6-9( o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ,. 40-60

Pointettia, per doz, g 0-15 o

Primula sinensis, per
dozen . . ..40-60

Solanums, dozen ,. 9 0-12 0

Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 c-io o

SEEDS.

London : Dec. 10, — The seed markets have lliis
week been well attended, owing to the presence in
London of a large number of agriculturists up for the
Cattle Show. The business passing has, however, been
exceedingly small in extent. With regard to Clover
seeds generally there is no quotable variation, the actual
demand being as nearly nil as possible. For Canary
and Hemp seed the tendency is downwards. Feeding
Linseed is also cheaper. There is no change in either
blue Peas or Haricot Beans. John Shaw 6* Sons, Seed
Merchants, 37, Alark Lane, London, E.C.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday the trade was dull. English
Wheat \\;is quoted the same as on the Monday previous,
but not selling so readily. For New Zealand and Indian
Wheats prices compared a little above this day week, but
were barely as good as on Wednesday last, and business
generally was more restricted. Country flour wr,s fully
as dear, but the trade very slow. In Barley there was
rather more doing, and prices ruled firm. Beans and
Peas were without quotable change, Oats maintained
late value, but sold rather slowly. Maize was very scarce
and dearer. — On Wednesday business in Wheat was
almost at a standstill, so that rates were nominally un-
altered. There was no quotable change in flour, but the
market was very dull. Barley was firm in all positions.
For arrival the market was ."Strong at 19^ for Azoff on
passage. Maize with scarcity in supply was again rather
dearer. Beans andPeas werewiihoutalteralion. Oatswere
held for steady value, but the market was slack. Aver-
age prices of corn for the week ending Dec. 6 :— Wheat,
30J. jod. • Barley, 31.T. 'id. ; Oats, iqj. zd. For the cor-
responding period Ust year : — Wheat, 40J. ; Barley,
^2s. ^d. ; Oats, 19J. -jd.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday an increased
number of cattle, many very prime, came upon an
e.vtremely dull market, and the trade done was most
disappointing. At id. per 8 lb. decline the best qualities
were dithcult to sell, and in many cases a larger reduc-
tion occurred on really good beasts, whilst middling and
plain cattle were unsaleable. The sheep supplies were
moderate, but quotations had to be lowered 2d. per 8 lb.
to effect a slow clearance. Calves were nearly all of the
rougher kinds. Quotations: — Beasts. 4^. to 5r., and
$s. 4^. to 5J, M. ; calves, 3^. ^d. ; sheep, 41. Qd. to
5^. 2d., and 5^, 6d. to 6s ^d. ; pigs, 3^. Bd. to 41, 2d. —
Thursday's trade was quiet. Beasts sold slowly, but
ruled fairly steady. In sheep scarcely anything was
done, and calves and pigs were dull.

HAY,

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that sup-
plies were large, and trade dull, in consequence of the
wet weather. Quotations : — Clover, prime, 95J, to 107s. ;
inferior, 46^. to 73^.; prime second cut, goj. to 107J. ;
hay, prime, 8oj, to 90J. ; inferior, 30^, to 65^. ; and straw,
22^. to 34J. per load, — Un Thursday there was a short
supply, and the trade was dull at Tuesday's rates, — Cum-
berland Market quotations : — Clovur, best, 95.1, to 105J. ;
interior, 50J. to 70J. ; nieadow hay, best, 76J. to Q.\s, ;
inferior, $os. to 70J. ; and straw, 241. to 32.f. per load.
There was a fair supply with dull trade, owing to
weather. '

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that supplies are fully adequate to the demand. Quota-
tions:— Kent Regents, j6s. to 8ot. ; Scotch ditto, 86j.
to loof, ; Essex Shaws, 65.T. ; Victorias, 70^. to 8oj. ;
Magnum Bonums, 50^. to 791. ; Champions, $os. to
60J. ; and French, 40J, to 50J. per ton, — The imports
into London last week consisted of 1715 sacks from
Stettin.

COALS.

The following are (lie prices current at market during
the week : — Walls End — Tyne (unscreened), lu. ^d. ;
Hetton, iBj. ; Hetton Lyons, i6j, ; Hulam, iG.r. ^d. ;
East Hartlepool, 171. 3^. ; South Hartlepool, i6j. ^d. ;
Einchester, 165. ; Tees, i8j.

Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 90' to 99^ for delivery, and 99^ to gpij forthe account.
Tuesday's figures were 99I to 99I for delivery, and
99,"^ to 99',i for the account. The final quotations of
Wednesday were 99,^ to 998 (or delivery, and 99', 7, 1099?
for the account. Ihursday's closing figures were 99^ to
99§ for delivery, and 998 to 99] for the account 'ihesc
prices are all ex div.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. — Best Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse,
is. per sack : 30 for 25J. — bags included. Trucks (containing
2 Tons) 25J. , free on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5J. per
sack ; 5 for 2aj. 6d. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, ^f dd. per
sQck : 10 for 301. Coarse Bedford Sand. is. ^d. perbuahel ; us.
per J'l^ton; S2J. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Muuld,
IS. per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bones, fire. Finest Tobacco
Cloth, Bd. per lb. ; 28 lb. for iSs. Speciality Tobacco Paper,
tod. per lb. : 28 lb. for au. ; 70^. per cwt. Second quality, 7^.
per lb. ; sS lb, for 16s. Archangel and PetersburKh Mat^.
Price LIST sent free. Special quotations to the Trade for cash.

W. HERBERT and CO..

Hop Exchange Warehoi'ses, Southw.\kic Strebt, S.K.

(near Loudon Bridge).

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly

^— ^ made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
of England. Sacks, is. each ; 15 sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks, 17** 1
30 sacks, 25^,; 40 sacks, 30J., sacks included; truckload of 2tons,
loose, 25J, All goods f^ree on to rail. Cash with all orders
will oblige— J. STEVENS and CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 153, High Street, Battersea, SW.— Established 1872.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
ThripF, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to l lie
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vine s
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake againi^t
American Blight. Has outlived mauy preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3s.. and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and is. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

SILVER SAND, coarse 6^., 8s. and los. per
ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6s., 8f. and
lo?. per cubic yard. Free on rail by truclcloads. In sacks at
moderate prices.— W. SHORT, Horticultural Company, Mid-
hurst, Sussex. Established 1862.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for coveiing, packing, &c., and RAFFIA PIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices applv to

MARENDAZ and FISHER, g, James Street. Covent
Garden, W.C.

RUSSIA MATS.

JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every
description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiiog, Tying, and
Packing, at the very lowest po>sible prices. TOBACCO
PAPER, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND.
COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI-
CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Piicf.l
CATALOGUE post Iree on application.

149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.

ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. — All the usual

kiods at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raflia Fibre, Netting and Tiftany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths. Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN Attn
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues : — 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at ss. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at as. 2d. ; 6 ft.
6 in, by 7 ft.. 35. id. Aoplv to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring,

RoBlier's Garden Edging TUes.

1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

. are made in ni-iteriais of gre^t durability. The
P-.— Ki plainer sorts are specially
cv^*^^ Rviited for KITCHEN'
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insect?,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
fuither hbour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgines, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. KOSHER ANii CO, Manuhicturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, CheUea, S.W. ;
Kiiigsland Road, E.

Aiients for 1 QOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES,
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

lUustraled Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c ,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, wilh Prices, sent for selection,

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.

Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Bath's, &c. Groaved and other Stable

Paving of great dur.ibility. Wall Copings, Drain Pipe-; and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofuig Tiles in fereat variety, Slates, Cement, &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

SI L V E iT S~ AND,

fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. S,Tmples of Sand free by post.
KLIN'IS and URICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KKNT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quauiitic,

F, ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

DECEMBER .3. .884.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 763

SPECIAL NOTICE.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1885,

WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTIFULLY

f^

mh ^ W

m

(18 inches by 13 inches),
FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN.

PRICE FIVEPENOE ; POST-FREE, FIVEPENGE-HALFPENNY ;

OR WITH

ALMANAC MOUNTED ON OAK EOLLERS,

r.EADY TO BE HUNG UP, AND ENCLOSED IN CASE,

SEVENPENCE ; POST-FREE, SIGHTPENCE-HALFPSNNY.

Purchasers are specially recommended to order the Almanac in a Case,

TO PREVENT INJURY FROM FOLDING.

The Publisher cannot be responsible for injury to the Almanac unless it is so protected.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. "^^

As a iarore Extra Sale of this Number is guaranteed, it will be a very

valuable medium for Advertisements.

APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE SHOULD BE SENT IN AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE,

W. BICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, STEAND, W.C.

764

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884.

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron and 'Wire Espalier, &c.

CAT ALO GUE Frtt. Please name mil fafrv.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON;
And 3, Crooked Lane. King William Street, London. E.C.

FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS.

ALL GALVANISED.
Straining Bolt and Holdfast. — No. 635.

As illustrated above, price 45. per dozen.

Driving Eyes.— No. 6jt,

Terminal Holdfasts.

No. 6,2. j|| p^^ _j^^

2 =54 3 3K inches.
yi. 4'i. sd. -jd. per doz

BEST QUALITY GALVANISED WIRE.

ir 9i/., 2j., and 2j. 6d. per 100 yards.
lllHilraltd CATALOGUES on atplkatmn.

J. J. THOMAS & CO.,

87. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C ;
285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.

J.

Under tlie Patronage of the Queen.
S M I T H'S IMPERISHABLE

STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with ralsed

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

I h% Gardener's Magminr says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very fir^t in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden jhould
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together wiih wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid lo any station
in England, ready glared and painted: —

6 leet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,, „ 4150

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ ,, 3150

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ „ 6 10 o

'i he glass is nailed and puttied in,

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.

BOULTON 8c PAUL,

NORWICH.

No. 75. Melon or Cucumber Frames.

Cash Prices, Carriage Paid. Packing Cases
No. 2, 8 ft. long, 6 (t. wide, £^ j 6 ^s. 6d. \ Allowed for in
No. 3, 12 1(. long. 6 ft. wide, 4 17 6 4*. od. } full if relumed
No. 4, 16 ft. long. 6 (l. wide, 676 4*. 6d. ) at once.
13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back ; lights 7
inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All
painted four coats of best oil coloui, the lights gU/ed with
ai-oz, English glass.

Catabgues and List* pcst-'rea.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC.

W H LASCELLES and CO will give E<;timates for
every descripiion of HORTICULl URAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and slagts,
sent poit-free on application.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and B educed in Price.

Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating.

HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS

of every description for Heating Apparatus.
THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM.

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry,
Newcastle, Stafifjrdshire.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

Piice, as ei ^ravinjj, wuh Boiler, open feed syphon, 12 ft. of

4 inch hot-water pipe, and patent jiinis complete, £^ 45.
delivered free to any Staiion. Discount for cash.

This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no hiick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
wattr fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Gieenhouse. the
front nnly beine outside and flush wilh the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised.

It hums over ii hours without attention at a nominal cost.

"Loughborough" Boileis to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-in. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints. &c., always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.
The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus
is delivered with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free.

NoTF,.— All genuine Boilers have " The Loughborough
Boiler" cast on.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

^SuielTc"'} LONDON BRIDGE,

STOVES.

Terra-Coifa ! Portable I
For Coal I

B.OBSKTS^S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about \d.,
without attention. ForGreenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. InusedailyatPatentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W,

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1.

Have been giving unqualified satisfaction more than 20 years.

Thousands m successful use.

Poss-(>?s the greatest area of heating surface.

Will heat a greater length of pipe with less fuel than any other

boiler of same size.
Require 3 shallow stokehole.

Have no joints at the ends of the tubes as in other tubular boilers.
Will last longer than any other boiler.

The following Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for

Itself :-

'* The Gardens, West AUwy. Horncaiile, Oct. ir, 1884.

" Dear Sif-. — We hive got ihe boiler fixed (a Horizontal
TubuUs A I Patent Dennis Boiler) and well tried. I am very
plea ed wilh i'. both in its woilcing and stokmg. It makes ihe
pipes so hoi that we cannot bear our hands on them, a'lhough
the arrangement of the pipes is very complicated. I iievcr
charged it yet more than half full of coke We have another
range of house% heated wilh a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and if it wants any thing doing to it I will have it reel » red
bv one of yours.— I am, yours truly (signed) Geo. Miirr\v."
A'eiv, Revhed, eifiJ Reductd PRICE LIST.juit puhlnhed,
pcst-/ree OH app.ication.

CROMPTON AND FAWKES (formerly T H. P. Dennis &
Cn,^, Healing Engineers and Manu'nciurerF, Anchor Works
Chelmsford (London Office : Mansion House Buildings).

THE " LAN KESTER » HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Casi-iron, Solid. Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished for its Dut ability, Efficiency, and Economy t f Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
aie ac:juainted.

Long.

A, 19 in.

B, 32 in.

C, 34 in.

D, 26 in.

E, 38 in.

F, 32 in.

G, 36 in.
H, 42 in.
I, 48 in.
L 54 in.
K, 60 in.

double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fiie bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Suys a Gardener 0/ great experience :—" It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It bums
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has
been complained of. It will last out three wroiight-iron Boilers.

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES,
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the " LITIXE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of Us name. Price com-
plete. 50 feet si2e. £4 15 ; loofeet size. £s i$s.

If clieque is ei. closed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted; if not, reference to Hanker required.
LANKESTER & SONS.

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of ihe KinRdoin.
Estimates given. Dtawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Ht^aiing Dwellinj^ Houses and Churches sent on application.

TH08. W. ROBINSON,

DBNN/S PARK IRONWORKS. STOURBRIDGE.

The Beat

and Qnlokeet

Mad*.

4-m, Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeel long, 4/. 31/. each :

4-in. Soclcet Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 4/, 6rf. each.

Pricf List on afifittcalion.

Price of Boiler

Heal of

and 'set of

4-in. Pipe

Fittings.

ISO feet

£1 10 0

300 „

6 15 0

400 „

8 5 0

5=0 .■

9 10 0

600 „

10 15 0

700 „

12 5 0

850 ,.

13 IS 0

1000 „

15 »o 0

12<.0 „

17 5 0

i6co ,,

19 10 0

2000 t.

32 10 0

Comprises full

TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER

-L (Pateni). Great Economy in Time and Labour. Fample
Box, containing six dozen, in three si/c, price 51. Si 1.1 by

R H ANH J. PEARSON, u'and 141, Hifh Sire^-, Noiiipi;
Hill, L.>iidoii, W. ; and J. W iJAhT, si. AtibinS, J.ncy,

December 13, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

765

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
PATENT VALVES, and all CASTINGS for
HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HOT-WATER and
HOT-AIR APPARATUS
Erected Complete, or Materials supplied.
Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Price List on application.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE— \<^th Edition— Price is.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFQRD.

NEW PEA—SHARPE'S TRIUMPH— Sealed 1-pint Packets, 2s. 6d. each, post-free.

Triumph is the best of the many fine varieties we have sent out. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow, of e.vquisite flavour ; the pods are large, well filled with large Peas. The
habit is dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use.
.Sixty-nme pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph — each pod containing nine to eleven large Peas.

LEAD

GLAMSG.

Section of a Rafter before and after
Giazitig,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no
Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE
PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

THE PATENT LEAD STEIPS,

Section 0/ a IVitidow Stuh-Bar be/ore and
after Glazing.

Write for Prospectua, niustratlonB,
and Testimonials.

GROVEB, & CO. (Limited), Engineers. &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.

MESSENGER & CO.'S GREEHHOUSES are construcied so as to obtain, with tne Itast obstruction lo lignt and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.

The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, omng to their facilities, defy competition.

Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by tlie Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Flans and Estimates free on application;

Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,

Forcing Houses, hr'c., recently erected bv M. &-> Co., for 24 stamps.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

766

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 1884.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line cfiars:ed as Hvo.

4 Lines .. ..;£o 3 o 15 Lines .. . . ;Co S 6

5 „ .. .. o 3 6 16 ,, .. ,.090
6 0 4 o 17 „ .. ..096

7 ,, .. ., o 4 6 18 ,, .. ■- o 10 o

8 , o 5 o 19 „ .. .. o 10 6

9 o 5 6 20 ., .. .. on o

10 , o 6 n 21 ,, .. .. on 6

11 ,. .. ..066 22 „ .. .. o 12 o

12 , o 7 o 23 „ .. •• o 12 6

13 ,, .. ..076 24 „ .. .. o 13 o

14 ,. .. .. o 8 o 25 ,. .. .. o 13 6

ANU SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK.

If s*t across coIuBiDS, the lowest charpe will be 30^.

Paee ^900

Half Page 500

Coluain 350

GARDUNERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

26 words \s. 6L. and 6d. for every additional line
(about g words) or part of a line.

THSSE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREFAID.

/A/PORTAA'T NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
agmtist havi7ig Letters addressed io Initiah at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed a?e opened by the autitoritus a/ui
returned to the sender.

EiRTiis, Dbaths and Marriages, 5^. ench insertion.

Advertisements for the citrrcnt week must reach the OQice
by Thursday neon.

AU Sutoscriptloaa payable ia advance.

The Unitbd Kingdom : 12 Mouths, ^i 3J, i<:>d. ; 6 Months,

115. -iid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China); inch-iding Postage,

;£i ds. lor 12 Months ; India and China, ^i Zs. 2d.
Pcstofficc Orders to be made payable at OPvURY LANE,

W.C, to W. KiCHARIJS.

Publishing Office and Office for Adv&hTissmbnts,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, Londoo, W.C.

H

Oil Paint no Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone,
(Rcgi tercd Trade Ma>k.\

This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
iis genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fuily attested by its constantly increasing safe. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, reqnires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at
Windsof Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the raoit
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at u, (td. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or u. S^;'. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

*'' Piercefieid Park, June 21, 1S76. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chep^tow to your address a black varnish cajik,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish a*! the last we
h^d, which I candidly admit was the best we every had. Address
Varnibh to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm Cox.

CAU / ION, — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against ihe various cheap Varnibhes now so much
advertised.

H, & S. 's Varnish has been an ai tide of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and (he numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article,
Every cavk is legibly marked with iheir name and Registered
Trade Matk as above, without which none is genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of F.ncing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &G . sent free on application to

HILL and SMfTH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.; and 196, St, Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, kz.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

betham: & sow,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
tain., aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by i3 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cuttihg-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300- ft. cases.

SPECIAL GLASS

hOR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c.

AU sizes in slock. Price and List of Sizes on appUcaliou.

T. & W. F A B. M I L Q E,

Rochester Row,,Weslniinster, London, S.W,

21-OZ- Foreign of the above sizes, '.n 100 and 200 feet boxes,
3ds ard 4ths qualities, always kept in stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ol 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber G'asses, and all Misccl!:iii*ous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEOEQB FABMILOS & SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
34, St. Jolin's Street, Vest Smitti&eld, London, E C.

Slock List tirui Prices on application. Quote Ciuonicie.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Ksffia, Mais. Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Chtrapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London. E.C.

QUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,

O Threadneedle Street. E.C. : Charing Cross. S.W. ;

Oxford Street (corner ot Verc .'^Ireet), W.
FIRE. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurauces at

moderate rales.
LIFE.— Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.

I^-irge bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY P ASSEN GE '-IS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHHX.
Insures againsc Accidents of all kinds, on Land or Water, and
has the Largest Invcsled Capital, ihe L,^rgest Income, and pays
yeaily the Largest amount of Coniper.sation of any Accioental
As->uiaace Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. Farquhar. E^q.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stytions, the Local /.gents,
OF West End OtTice, 3, Grand Hutel r.uildings. Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Oftice, 64, Cocnhiil, Lc-ndon, E.C.

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

A NURSERY CARD,

On RoUers for Hangipg, 24 by i3 inches, 611'., or on Linen and
Varnished, 15. d*/. Free by pose for 7 or 19 stampi.

VV HAT TO DO and HOW TO DO I L

Simple Directions for Irameuiata Treatment ia

Twenty Cases Oi Accident and Sudden

Illness eemmon to CMldren.

It provides against : — Bites of Animals, Broken Limbs. Bruises.
Burns, Child Crowing, Chokiiig, CntivuUioiis, Croup, Cuts,
Drowuipff, Fainting, Fits, Nose Bleeding, Poisons, Scalds,
Slings, Substr^nces in the Ears, Eyes, or Nose, Swallowing
Coins, Buttons, &c., Wounds.

Published by

JAMES EPPS & CO.,

48, Threadneedle Street, EC, and 170, Piccadilly, W.
LONDON.

Gentlemea haviBg Waste or XInprolitable
Xand

SHOULD APILY FOR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

Mr. COOPER, F.E.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS.

Now Ready.
HE GARDEN ANNUAL

for 1885.

Contains a Complete List ot over 7250 Country Seats,
Occupiers, and Gardeners in the United Kingdom : ever Soo
New Names iiave been added to tlie Gardeners' List during the
past season. There is also the best Trade List published, cor-
rected to date. Price tj., by post IS. ^d.

Of ail Nurserymen, Eo( ksellcrs, and at 37, Southampton
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

To be Sold Cheap.

C::lARDENERb' CHRONICLE in good
■^ condition, Bound, iS-8 to 1S72 ; Unbound, 1871 to iSSo.
Apply to Mr. C. COOPLR, Seed Merchant, East Street,
Piyniouih.

T

REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are ; — A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Ballet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Ciepin,
Comte de Gomer, De JonRe van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gilton, A M. C.
Jongkmdt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H-. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van HuUe, J. van Volxem>
H. J. Veitch, A. WostmacI, and P. Wolkensteiu.

This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.

lerms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — Ono year,
iij.. payable in advance.

Publishing (Office ; 143, Rue de Bruxellcs, Ghent, Belgium,

Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
»t the Chief Post-olfice. Ghent.

Farma. Estates. Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the pui-pose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps tor postage, addressed '^ Midland Counties
HeratdOfdce, Birmingham." Tha Midland Counties Hi rnla
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Just published for i8S=,

FRANCIS MOORE'S ALMANAC,
Vox Stellarum. This very popular Almanac, besides
the Usual Calendar, contains a fuller account of the Eclipses
and Astronomical phenomena of the Year than any publication
of its class, was lately mcreased by several pages, giving Lists
of the Members of ihe Govcriimeiit, the House i of Parhament,
ai:d otiicr useful inf, rmation, and a List of the Princip.ll
Business Fairs in England and Wales.

The STATIONERS' COMPANY, Stationers' HaU, E.C.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'AR BO R I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAl-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published :.ince i£65, by F. Burve-
MCH, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodig.^s, and H. J, van Hull?,
Prol'cssnrs at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
iiieulat Gheni. Post-paid, lOJ. per annum.

H. L VAN HULLE. Botemcal Gardens, Ghent, Balgium.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names. History, and
Culture of all Plants knnWii in P.ritain, together v-th a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo. cloth. Piice 255.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to ihe Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Mastrrs, M.D.. F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany. University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3J. 6</.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Student:^,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 55. td,

LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With lUxistrations. Svo, cloth. Price gj.

LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and GECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With nuu.erous Illustrations, 8vo,
cloth. Price sJ.

LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Sclf-lustruction and the Use of Schools. Prit;c
\s. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene
Street. E.C.

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WAL°ES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated

BELL'S LIFE m SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drav.n ai.d engraved

especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTKA^

LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amoimt ol information on a great vaiiety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6a, per Annimi.

Single Copies, bj. ; St.imped, 'jd.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street. Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Aceuts arc
auihorised to receive ADVKRTISEM EN TS lor the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:—

LoNi'ON Messrs. Geo. Slieet& Co.. |o, Cornhiil, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clements Lane, Lombard

Street, E.C.
Messrs. tiordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H Smith & Son, 186, Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Build iucs.
MANCMKSTKr. . Jamos iv: Hcmy Grace, 73, Market Street,
EiiiMituRGH.. .. Robeitsnn & Scott, n, Hanover Street.

GlfASCOW W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchuu.nc

Place.

<^ Copies of each yountal art fi!ed at Ike
above Offices Jor ihe use of Advertisers.

Worlia Ibr the PoBBessors of Gardens.

ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. FisHKR. Fourth Edition. Price ij.

How TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Eaki.uv, Price u, stitched.

How TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earlhv. Price is. stiichod.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvcric
Street, E.C.

December 13, 1884.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

767

\N'

Completion of tho New and Revised Edition of

"PAXTOiNS Fi.OVVER GARDEN."

Now Ready. Complele iu 3 vols. Price .£1 IJ. each.

PAXTON'S FLOWER GARDEN,
by Sir JosRPil Paxton and Prof. Linhlhy. Thorouihly
revised and brought duwn to the picseot d.ne by Mr. Tiios.
Bmnus, F.R.H.S. Wiih upwards of ito Coloured Plaies, in-
cluding mauy ciitirelv New Pbtes executed fot ihis Edition.

CASSKLL AND 'COMPANY (Limited), Ludgate Hill,
Londju, E.C.

PARTNER WANTED, by Advertiser, who
has .1 M.iiket Garden, s'j Licrc-s niiiinly Fruit. . situate
nesr a town, about 50 miles from London. Good soil and siiui-
tion. Aver.igs rtftail tr-ide about .£10 weekly, whi(.h could be
easily incrc.-ised. Terms, valuation of Stock only, about .£50.
This is a good opening for a persevering man. Christinn pre-
ferred.—A. C, Garaeners' Chronicle OfSce, 4r, WetUugion
Street, Stmnd, W.C.

Oardener. WorlElng.

VXrANTED, ai;ood practical GARDENER.

»V Must undi!r;t;iud Siii.iU Huusts. Wife to Milk Co\v ;
no fumily. W.igc^ 2x«. per wet k with house aid oals.— E.,
S^a/t:t» t!'iri/v .^VT^■J( Iticc. Scaham H.uh^^uf.

WANTED, a trust\voilhy,active, WORKING
G.\RDENER, where help is Riven. Mu- 1 understand
his profession in all itb branches. SeuJ fvdl p.-iiticulais, ;'^;e.
salar>' — good rcreiences indispensable— to J. T., E:st Ei.d,
H.tvant, H.ints.

WANTEDT^anljNDER GARDENER, to
Work Insi W and Out, and make himself useful. ^Iu>;t
be a steady, rc^psctab!e man Good character indispensable,
a^so Churi:hin.»n. Age 21. V/ages 15^ per v.eek, with rooms.
—GEORGE FRANCIS, Gardener, Cockley Clcy, SwaffUam,
Norfolk.

ANTED, a MAN and WIFE— the Man

as Gaidi-ncr and Circtaker to St. Paul's Schools and
Infant Nutsery, the Wife to keep the Nursery House clean.
Members of the Church of Engfacd. Two rooms, coa's and
gas, and 351. a week. — Full particulars of duties may be had on
application, by Islier only. c<iniaining sge and referciicp, to
Rev. D. GREAIORKX, B.D , St. Paul's Vicarage, Dock
Street, E.

ANTED, a good CUCUMBER and

GRAPE GROWtK. Average wages 23s. per we^k
and cottage.— W. E. DAVIS, Whetstone. Miodlesc-c, N.

WANTED, an experienced PLANTSMAN.
— Silbury Gardens, Crediton.

TANTED, a thoroughly efficient and

T T CApable MAN. for the Fruit i'ree Department f.f a
Ltrge Nursery, ^tust be able to furnish the VF=.ry best refer-
ences both a.^ to ability and chiracter.—W. C. W.. Gat it- 7;,- i'
C/ironic/^ Qfhce, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

ANTED, TWO YOUNG MEN, for a

Market Nursery. Must be qui..k at polting, watering,
and tying. State age, experience, and where lat employed.
Wages commencing at iSr. per week. Preference given lo tho?e
who hive been brought up in a Market Nuriery. — TURNER
EROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hiil Nuisery,
Allertnn, Liverpool.

ANTED, a BOY about i6, for the Garden,

where a Choice CoI!eciioa of Orchids and other Plants
are grown. To a Gardener's son ihitlking oi following the pro-
fe-sion it wou'd be a good opening.— J, A. NEWSHAM, The
G.irdens. Higher Fen:scowle=. Bl.'ickSurn.

"YVTANTED, a good steady married man,

T V without family, flora ^5 to 40 ye -;rs of age, as KITCHEN
G.\RDEN LABOURER. >lust understand his woik, Wa.ees
iys. |.er week, wiih cottage, milk, and vegetables.— J, STEED-
MAN, Gaidener, Ripley Ca.siie, Riptey. near Leeds.

WANTED, a strong active lad, age i6 or 17
years (Proiestani), as APPR»:N llCt in a Nob'e.-nsn's
Garden. — Terms on application to R. WILLMET, G:enait
Gardens, Arklow, Ireland.

ANTED, a MANAGER tor a Cut Flower

Nursery. Must be thoroughly experienced. Liberal
salary. Also a EUCHARI3 GROWER. — R. T., QuecD
Street, F,\eter.

ESSRS. WM. "CUTBUSH AND~s'oiS'

REQUIRE a thorouehiy competent, energetic Map,
to act as TRaVELLEH. Mu-t have travelUd before, and
actguainted with the General Nursery and Seed Trade.
Chiir.icier must bear the fullest investigation. — Addiess, with
full particulars, lo Hi^bgate Nurseries. London, N.

Seedsman.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced MAN,
for a first-clais Seed Business, well up in all its
branches. Some knowl£d5;e of the Nursery Trade necessary.
Married min preferred. • msll family. Siate waees. wiih
higheit references.— PHCE NIX, Messrs. Hurst \^ Sons.
Hounusditch, E.

ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, an active

young mar, cf good appearance and address, as
ASSISTANT in an Agricultural and Horticultural Seed and
Corn Business. — Apply, s'ating sge, cxoeiience, references and
saUry expected, to Me.sr-. TUCKER BROTHER.S,
Aberg^ivenny.

ANTED AT ONCE, for a Town in the

MidUcds, a YOUTH (iS or 20). of good aidress, w.ih
some knowledge of the Fruit and Cut Flower Buiriness, to
attend to Retail Shop. — Only 'hose whj ca'i be recommended
as irustworihv need apply, stating particulars 10 W. E. C ,
Gardeners' Civ onic'.e Offic^, 4r Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a young LADY, experienced in
Flowers and Bouquets, ar.d go d S.^LESWOMAN. for
a shop in Manchester. — WM. CLIBRAN and SON,
Altriucham.

WANTED, for a Florist's Shop, a young
LADY, who is a first-rate baud at Making Bjuquels,
Wreaths, &c. — A poly, giving reference, and stating salary
expected, to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULIURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan) Limited, The Vineyard, Garston,
Liverpool.

WANT PLACES,

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
S'lue excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD OARnENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Genliciuon requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.

a C O T C H GARDENERS.

^^ — John Duwnie. Seidsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, h;is at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
(_; XRDENERS, wailing te-enaagemcnis, at wages ranging
from ^"50 to ^ LOO per annum, and he will bo pleased to supply
full pal ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust-
worthy and competent Gardener.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
^ beg to annaiince that th^y are constantly receiving
.Tpplicatiops fr'm Gardeners seeking situaiion.=, and that
they win be able lo supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars. &c. — St J hn's Nurseries, Worcester.

GARDENER (Head); age 29.- Mr.
NiLiioLAS. G.ardeiier lo Earl Fortescne, Casile Hill.
South Molton, c^n with confidence recom^nend his princi.al
Foreman, James Hill, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman
requiring a gocd all-round Gardener. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head).— ^^lo Bonus given to
anyone being the means of frocuring the advertiser a
situition as .-(bove. (^haracicr and abilities undoubted. Total
abstainer. — N. A., t*iird'*«erj' C-4ro«;V/r Oflice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, London, W.C.

(^ARDEN'k'rTh^VD) ; age 2S.— Mr. Bod-

\J^ UEV, IJuiM'arton Hall, Bridgenorth, will be oleased to
recommend his Foreman, J, Lecie, to any Lady or Gentltman
requiiing the services oi a thoroughly competent and trust-
worthy man. — Full particulars on application.

ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of

Hollander. TinbridE^e, wishes to highly recommend his
Head GaiJener ((.i. Goldsmith), who has lived with him tight
years, and six years with previous proprietor. Le.iving on
account of family moving to Town — For particulars apply to
P. C. HARDWICK, Esq., address as above.

('ZJ.ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.—

VJ( WiLLi.\M Eeswick, for nearly five years Head Gardener
at Fynone Boncath R.S.O., Pembrokeshire, desires a re-
engagement, as above. Highest testimonials from Mrs. Colby
(present), and also from previous employers on application.
Address, as above.

G*^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married,
no family ; highly recommended as a thoroughly com-
petent and energetic man in all branches of Gardening, Over
twenty years' experience in large gardens, including seven
years at Alnwick Castle. — LEACH, The Lodge, Fineshade,
Stamford.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentlemao requiring a thoroughly practical man in the
Cultivation of Vines, Pines, Peaches, Blelons, Early ai d Late
Forcing, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen
and Flower Ga-dening. — Age iS ; twenty-two years' e.tpeiience.

— J. KEELAN, 133, Peel Street, Faruwonh, near Bolton,
Lancashire.

ARDENER (Heap) ; age 40, married.—

Mr. H. 1 HORMsEK. Head Gardener, the Winter
Gardens. Blackpool, i.s now open to engage with any I.adv
or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
Gardener in all branches. The highest testimonials from
Noblemen and Gentlemen. — H. THORN BKR, The Winter
Gardens, Blackpoo'.

G" "^AR DE N ERr"( H kad)7— W." y I reland,
Gardener, Headfort House, would be happy to lecom-
niend to any Nobleman or Gentleman a tbo oughly trustworthy
and energetic man as above. Fourteen years' practical expe-
rience in some of the leading Enk■ll^h Gardens, and now Foreman
at Headfort Hou<,e. G'od characier fn m past and present
situations, and bus also the honour of referring lo the Marquis
of Headfort, Headfort House, KelU, Co. Meath.

GARDENER (Head). — James Hexveti-
Puti-LH"^, Foreman wiih Mr. Hart, G.^rdener to the
Earl of R-.SS, Birr Casile, Parsonstown, Ireland, is at liberty to
engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring h-s ser-
vices. Experienced in the general routine of Gardenitg in
large establishments. Can produce the highest testimonials,
which will bear the strictest investigation.— Full particulars can
be obtained on application, as above.

A R DE^N^ R "(Head), or E S T A T E

BAILIFF. — Age 40 ; is now open to re-etigagement.
Long and successful experience in all branches. Has held both
public and private situations; last place eight years. Well
educated, highly recommended, and thoroughly trustworthy.

— G. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, VVelUngton Street,
Strand, W.C.

G~ "aRDENE R~ ' (Head"~Wor"k"ing)".—
Thoroughly acquainted with all branches. Highest
references as to abliuy, S:c. -JAMES RICHARDSON, Great
Stanmore, Middle-ex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
no family ; ihorough'y practicii in all branches, Laud
and Slock. Wife D^iry and Poultry, if required. — R.
WALKLING, High Street, Robert's Bridge, Sussex.

(^ARDENER (Head Working), where

V^ two or three arc kept. — Age 36; miiried. Can obtain
first-class testimonials from previous and present employers,
with whom he has lived eighteen years. — E. FORNACHjN,
Blackbrook, Pontrihs R S,0 , Herefordshire.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Age 3( ; thoroughly understands Fruit, Flower, ai.d
Kitchen Gardening, Early and Late Forcing, Grapes, &c.
Highly recommended. — W. T., c, Kingsford Cottages, Wejt
Fields, Barnes. S.W.

GARDENER.— Age 25 ; well experienced in
all branches cf the professicn, used to Glass. Good
references as Nursery Foreman in position, London preferred.
— G. B., Nursery, Dersingham, Norfolk.

(^ARDENER (SiNOLE-u.\NDED) ; age 33.—

V-^ A LaliY wishes to recommend her GaiJener. Under*
stands Cows. Five year^' good character.— E. K., 6, Craftort
Road. New Maiden, Surrey.

GARDENER (good Second, or otherwise).
— .Married, no family; ihoroughly understands his pro-
/os.sion. Good Plantsmm and Propagator. Can be thoroughly
recommended.— £. WATERS, Pain's Hill, Cobliam, Surrey.

GARDENER (good Second, or Third), in
a thorough good establishment, where Gardening is
carried out Mirgcssfully ; age 35 — .£$ will be given by Advertiser
toany one piocutiiighini asiliwtlon as above. Has a general
kiiowled^je ofall b aiiches of the orofession. Excellent refer-
ences.-W. RICHARDSON, Verandah Coltage, Malvern
Wells.

(^ARDENER (Under). — Age 20; good

V-' character and refeicnces.- J. BROWN, The Gardenj,
Lake House. B\fl:et, Surrey.

G. ARDENER (Under), in a good private
establiihmeiit. — Age ly, &tiotig ; five years' experiencp.
Testimonials. — Apply, staling wages, S:c , to H. C D., 57,
Mi-lTdt Road. New Thornton Heath, Croydon.

FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 26 ; twelve
gears' experience in all branches of the profession in
larRe establishments. Can be well recommended from present
and previous employers. Bothy preferred. — T. W., Poylc
M.inor, Colnbrook, Slough.

IpOREMAN (Working), in a small Nursery.
— Eleven years' experience as Grower of Plants, I'b^weis,
&c , for Market. Expeit Buddcr, Rose Grower, &c. Highest
testimonials from previous employers. — W. WILLIAMS,
Broomy Hills, Belmont, near Hereford.

"POREMAN, or SECOND in a good place.

-L —Age 5,0, single; fifteen years' experience in Hones.
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' good character
frcni last place.— A. B., Mr. Spratley, Stationer, South Street,
Dorking.

TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—

f" Age 23 ; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
Five yeirs in present situation.- Address, slating wages, H.
MILLS. Thurcroft Hall, Koiherham.

TOURNEYMAN; age 20.— Edmund

^J Williams, The Gardens, Peasmarsh Place, Sussex, will
be glad to recommend a steady, energetic young man, who has
served three years as an apprentice here. Boihy preferred. —
Address as above.

TO GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, and
MARKET GROWERS.— Situation wanted. Age 30,
married. Has Grown Cranes, Cucumbers, and Toraatos for last
two seasons for Market. Reference for character and ability. —
G., 12, Kerry Road, New Cross, S.E.

/^ENERAL FOREMAN, or TRAVELLER.

V^ — G. Blackwood, many years Foreman at Ayr Nurs-erie.s,
also at Messrs. J<is. Dickson t'^ Sons, Edinburgh, and late of
P. S, Robertson & Co , cfFers his services as abDve. Twenty-
three years' experience in general routine of ihe business.
(Jood references. — 3, Bowhill Terrace, Golden Acre, Inverleith
Row, Edinburgh.

MANAGER, or GENERAL FOREMAN
and_ grower. —The Advertiser (age 42). with
thirty years' expeiience Indoors and Oat, will be happy to
Ireat with any respectable Nurseryman in want of a competent
man. — GUNN, Acock's Green, Birmingham.

AJURSERY FOREMAN or GENERAL

-i- * MANAGER. — Knows the profession thoroughly in every
department, a good Salesman, and knows the Value of Nursery
Stock well. The Adveitiser wishes for a situation of trust, and
one that would be permanent. Unexceptional le'ereaces. —
A. K., Olantigh, Cbigwell Row, Essex.

NURSERY MANAGER (General, or
Indook) —Twenty-five years' experience in the various
departments. Good Salesman and Correspondent. Artistic
Floral Decorator, Bouqueiist, and, Wreathist.— HORTUS,

5 Bowhill Terrace, Edinburgh.

To Nursery, Seed, and Horticultural Decorating Trade.

MANAGER, or ASSISTANT.— Age 34;
good experience. Near London preferred — C. NEW-
MAN, 2, Moscow Villas, Fanheld Road, Upper Edmonton.

TMPORTANT to SEED GROWERS.— A

-»- Gentleman having a large and influential connection in
Iieland amongst Wholesale Buyers, desires to represent a first-
class firm in that country.- SEED GROWER, W. H. Smith

6 Son, Adveitisiog Agents;, Dublin.

Shopman, clerk, or book-keeper.
— Age 27 ; eltventyears' expeiience in Nursery and Seed
Trade. First-class testimonials, — C. A. VI/E, 2, Trinity Road,
Southimpion.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN. — Age 26 ; eleven years' ex-
perience, qualified in all branches of the business. Un-
exceptional references. — W. O.. Box 68. Post-office, Chester.

SHO PM AN. —Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abiliiies. —
T. H. , 50, Frenchwocd Street, Preston.

HOLLOWAY'S pills. — Indigestion. —
How much thought has been bestowed, and what volu-
minous tieatises have bee written upon this universal and dis-
tnsslng disease, which is with certainty and safety dispelled
without fear of relapse by a course of this purifyir c, soothing,
and tonic medicine I It acts directly on the stomach, liver, and
bowels— then indirectly, though no less effectively, on the brain,
nerves, vessels, and glands, introducing such order throughout
the entire system that harmony dwells between each organ and
its functions. Dyspepsia netd no longer be the bugbear of the
public, since Holloway's Pills are fully competent to subdue the
most chi'onic and distressing cases of impaired digestion, and to
restore the miserable sufferer to health, strength, and cheerfulness.

768

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 13, 18

VS^INTER APPROACHES.

All in charge of HOTHOUSES should now look to their BOILERS and re-
member that WEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAB, BOILER
is the GARDENER'S BEST FRIEND.

The UNIFORM and UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS of thia MATCHLESS
BOILER stamps it the Boiler of the age, and enables J. WEEKS & CO. to give
a TEN YEARS' GUARANTEE (subject to the usual conditions) with every
DUPLEX BOILER fixed by them.

2.-

3--

4.-

5--
6.-

7.-
8.-

9-

10.-
II.-

:nts

NOTE A DOZEN OF ITS ADVANTAGES!!

GREAT DURABILITV^ih^ average durability is 20 years.

Being of CAST IRON it is infinitely more durable than any Wrought-iron Boiler

It is MORE POWERFUL and has performed GREATER ACHIEVEMEN

than any Boiler extant.
The HOLLOW FURNACE BARS last ir years longer than the ordinary Solid

Bars, and ADD TWENTY PER CENT. OF POWER.
AH Sediment can be removed.
Any ordinary labourer can periodically CLEAN OUT THE BOILER, without

displacing the setting.
Perfect SAFETY is insured.
A breakdown or failure is almost IMPOSSIBLE.
In case of repairs to ONE SECTION of the Boiler, the REMAINING PORTION

can be left in operation.
The Boiler being in SECTIONS can be passed through a doorway i ft. 6 in wide
NO NIGHT STOKING REQUIRED. This, in addition to \.\\t\r RELIABILITY

saves the Gardener a VAST AMOUNT OF TROUBLE AND ANXIETv'.
Weeks's Upright Tubular is the ONL V BOILER that offers these advantages, which

cannot fail to be of the utmost interest and benefit to the Horticultural World.

PRICE LIST and fall particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

HORTICULTUEAL EKMEERS, KING'S EOAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

SHARPE'S EARLY PARAGON PEA.

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First-class Certificate Koyal Horticultural Society, 1884.

PARAGON shows in many respects a great improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue \\'rinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 feet.
The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from
twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration.

Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is most
valuable tor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety.
The foUmviiig Testimonial is from the lat^est dealers in the Kingdom in Peas for market garden purposes : —

"December 6, 1884. — In reply to yours respecting your Paragon Pea. We grew it last season and were very favourably impressed with its qualities. We consider it a
great improvement on Telephone, the pods being a much better colour and the Peas in it being much finer. We consider it is the finest Pea of our trials last season, and we
grew every Pea wc thought of merit and nearly every novelty,"

CHARLES SHARPE & CO., S L E A F O R D.

" Hand dcsiiiam donee pcrfecero."

R. S. DUN

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.G.

BAR

HOT-WATER

PIPES ••
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES ...

2-inch, \s. od. ; 3-inch, i^'. ^d.

2-inch, IS. d^d. ; 3- inch, 2^. od.

2-inch, 2s.od.; 3-inch, 3^'. o«''.

2 -inch, 2s. od. ; 3-inch, T)^. od.

A Discount for Cash to the Trade.

4-inch, i^. ()d. per yard.

4-inch, 2^. bd. each.

4-inch, 4.f. od. each.

4-inch, 4J. o^. each.

Editorial CommuDications should be addrc'^sed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, WclHugton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnhw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in ihe County of Middlesex, and Published by
the »aid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturdav, December 13, 18S.1.

Agent for Manchester — [OHN Hbvwooo. Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J, Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CstaljUsijeD I84i.

No. 573.— Vol. XXI I. {series.} SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1884. {

Registered at the General
Post-ofBce as a Newspaper.

t Price 5d.

[Post-free, sW-

CONTENTS.

Apple culture .. .. 779 Jdp.-in^se vegetable food

, ihe di>qualified ,. 701 prodiicis ., 781
Atboreium ihe ., .. 589 Niir>ery. Messrs. Veiicli

Hilton 7751 & Sooj', Chelsea .. 778

Chtist mas decorations .. 690 , Orchid notes and filcan-

Ctirvsanihemum, the I ings . . . . 7?o

fu(Ufe ol the . . . . 779 Orchids for amateurs . . 78S
Cucumber growioe .. 7^0 ,, late Mr. Cockett's 7S6
Cypriitcdium insigt e .. 780 0.\alate of Ume and fun-
Dahlias, new, of 1884 .. 781; gold growLhi .. .. 7qi
Euch.-)ri< amaz nica .. 791 | Pansy, the ., .. 778
Fatsia jiponica .. .. 7^6 Plant portrai's .. ,. 787
Flon&ta' ft >weis . . .. 78 J Plants ai.d their culture 78 ^
Fruil and fljwers, mar- ,. re* garden .. 771

kel sale of .. 701 Potato diseases .. .. 787

Fruits under gla-s 7^- , .. i-c^ib . . .. .. 7^1

GAfdeners' koval Bene Societies :-

v.ilent Instimti n 7S6, 703 Edinburtih B)tanical.. 701

Garden, ihe h.iidy fruii 783. National Rose . .. 79}

Crapes, shat-king .. 773 | Notts Ho'ticuiiural .. 791

Heraldic sprigs and Smttaxaspeia .. .. 781

>D>ays .. .. .. ■/77 ' TapeinOiescatolinxmij jf 784

Herb.icecu-i border, the 7Qj Weather .. .. .. 791

H. it- water pipes laited 7QO Whai is an arT>atrit< ? . . ■58^

MeoiicyloD ramifljrum .. 78 1 , Wild garden, a tropical 771

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Catlleya Walkeriana 781

Orchid Pests 7-9

Potato D. Seas e 78 J

i^^lilax aspera 785

IMPORTANT NOTICi

TO ADVERTISERS.

In consequence of ihe Christmas Holidays,
the CARVENERS' CHRONICLE for
next Saturday, Decemher 27, will be pub-
lished on Wednesday the i^thinst. at 1 p.m.
Adi'ertisements for that Number must reach
the Office not later than TUESDA Y momiujr,
the lyi inst.

AOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders ana Postal Orders should
71010 be made payable at

DRURY LANE.
Rock Garden at Stancliffe,

The Seat of Sir Jo-eph Whu«orlh. liart.

'J^HK GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

■* f«r Next S.Uiirdriy. DECEMBER 2;. will
lontain a fine DOUBLE PAGE ENGRAn.\G
0; Ihe Rici Gariien at Stmcliffe.

Now Readv. In cloth. 163
'HE GARDENERS CHRONICLE,

Vohime XXI. JAMJAKYto JU.NE. 1884.
W. KICHARDS. 41 WclMiBtf.n .'-ire.l, "i'tai.d W C.

^■J-iFe GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

■i IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, iocludiug Postage, ii $''.35 for
Twelve Mon hf.

Ag.i t tor America : — C. H. MAROT. 8r4. Chestnut Street,
Fhiladelphta, U S.A., to whom Am*rican Orders may I e ient.

T>OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

-Lt South Kensington, S.W.

DATFSof the MEtTI vGS o( the SCIENTIFIC, FRUIT
a d FLORAL COMMIITEES in 1885 ;-

SCIENTIFIC CO.VIMITTEE.

T

Tuesday, January i_
Tuesday, t-'ebruary lo
Tuesday, March lo and 24
Tuesday, April 14 and s8

Tuesday, May 12 and 26
Tuesday, June 9 ann 23
Tuesday, July 14 and v8
Tupsday, November a

Tuesday, December
FRUIT AND FLORAL COMMITTEES.

Tue<day, January 13
Tuesday, February 1
Tuesday, March 10
Tuesday, March 94
Tuesday, Aptil 14
Tuesday, April 28
Tuesday. May 12
Tuestay. May 26
Tue.-day, June 9

Tuesday, June 23
Tuesday, July r^
Tuesday, July 28
Tuesday. August 11
Tuesday, August 25
T ue ddy,Sep[^mbEr 8
Tuesday, October .3
Tuesriay, Noven.bsr ro
Tuesday. December 8

CCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE

O r.ARDENINGanoihelMPROVLMENTofESTATLS
CRYSTAL PALACE. S. E.

Principal— Mr. H. F. Milker, A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonsiraii.in Kooms near the Nonh Tower.
Pubic Lectu-es. WEDNESDAYS af 4 h.m Prosucctus and
full p.niculais on applicaticn to the feUf EK INTEN DENT of
the School of Art, Science, and Literature, d-^ stal Palace.

Mr. ^^ILNER has moved his Offices 10 the above address,
where his pto^'essional work is now carried on.

ILIUM KRAMERI.— Good flowering

Eulbs of this handsome and scarce Lily can now be
supplied tiy the dn?en or hnndred.

Mr. WILI lA'l rt'l L"^ F ^ti.bli^hment for New" aio Fare
Piatili, 5^^, King's Road, Chelsea, L. ndun, S.^V,

Kow Ready. In crown 8vo, price Is. ; post-free, la. 3d.,
''PHE HOKTlCULrURAL DIRECTORY

-■- for 1885 The " Honictiliural Directory " is a complete
Register of the Addresses of all the most important If stabMsh-
ments and Persons connected with Horticulture in the Uniltd
Kingdom and on the Concinent.

youmal of Hori'culture Office, i7r, Fleet Street. E.G.

Rhododendron Stocks.— To the Trade.
T)AUL AND SUN have 2000 or 3C00 still to

-L cfTcr, of usual qmliiy. Price on app icitioii to

The "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt.

DAHLIA TUBERS.-AU the best varieties
of the following sections : — Show, Fancy, and Pompons,
Singles; also Cactus and Seu.i Cactus varieties. Special tlTcr
may be had upon application lo

THOMAS S. Ware, Hale Fa-m Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.

To Osier Growers. Bisket Makers, and NurEerymen.

BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,
now Grow and Cut yearly o.j acres and upwards ot
0>IKk BEDS, aud will quote prices to the Irade, according
to quaiitiiy required

>amp!cs and p-ices of Osier " Se*s " on application.

Tf& ROfiG8

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Ci)wan). Limited, have ihis season a grand
Sto. k of Tfc-A ROSES in pots. Iheir pUntshave been carefully
iipeued, and are ready to start immediately into growth,
CATALOGUES tree The Trade supplied.

GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of BULBS,
all in fine condition.— Greatly reduced prices. LIST
Iree on app ication K.-t

BARK AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

LARCH.— i,ooo,(X)0 to offer. Cheap, lifted
last Spring All strong, with good ryots : 3 to 4 feet. i6j. ;
4 t» 5 fed. i8i.: 5 feet, 2or per iood. Apply

FKANi;iS BKLL. Nutbirie*. Easingwcld.— Nov, 8 1884,

Cut Flowers.

PJOSES, CARNATIONS, and other Flowers.
^ I'rices and conditio s to be had en applica-ion to
C. KELLER AND Cl>,, Floti>ts, Beaulieu. near Nice. France.

UTRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit lor

^^ immediate workine, 251. per 'oco, £,10 per lo.oco.

A. M. C. jONGKINDi' CONINCK, Dederasvaait. by
Zwolle, Holland.

O BE SOLD, or will EXCHANGE for

other PLANTS, 12 fine GARDENIA TREES, in
12-inch Pots. Apply

J W. SHEPHERD, 19, Waverley Street, Nottingham.

kJQ~U E L c"h ^ and B a RN H a M,

O Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE
a quant'ty of fine Muscats, for which they can rffer ppoQ prices,
also fine Ulack Grapes. Tomaios, l-ucumbers. choice FIo*erb. &c.

Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

^-^ giving personal attention to all consignments, they are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES.

BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Gardm, W.C,
begtomform Senders that GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
and STEPHANdTIS are in demind.

WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.cT,
have now a demand for Tuberoses Arum Lilies, While
Bouvardias, giod Roses. Chryiantheamrn^i, &c.

lb£ AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C.

aieooen to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To-

mato^, Cuciimb.^rs. GrosCnlmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes.

To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
A CATTANEO, Commission Salesman,

<^ • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Markef, Ccvent G..rden,
W.r., i,opentn RECEIVF. CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.

ANTED, EUCHAKIS BLOOMS, on

Monday at latest. Must be good quality. Cash by
letlirn. Hric given, 6r. per d07en.

HEATH AND SON. Royal Exotic Nurseries, Che'terham.

WANTKD, Three large, trained, Pine-apple
NECTARINES State <ize and price to
THE LIVERP. lOr, HOkTICULTURAI. CO. (John
Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard, Girston, I iwerpool

WANTED, extra large, clean grown, FRUIT
TREES, Dwarf trained and S a,.dards. Full lar-
ticulars of siz and price to

C. LI.STER, Agden l.vmm. Cheshire.

WANTED, TURF, per loo, 3 feet by i foot ;
EUONVMUS, PRIVET (OVAl. I FOLIUM only-
no other kind). CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA. Send pricesto
W. W1I.LF.T'S E-tate Cffiifs. 6., The Drive. Hove,
Fu^vrx. inch dirg carra'ge ana delivery fite to Wc-t Brighton
Siaiioii.

Trade List.
/"(HARLES SHARPE and CO.'S Wholesale

yy CATALOGUE of SEEDS has been Post.dtoall their
t'n-tomers. and they will feel obliged by being in'ormed of any
iiistat CCS where it has lailed to come to hand, so that another
may be sent. Wholesale I.ISTot Seeds postfree on appl>caii.ju.
Seed Warch'iU-e. Steaford.

T ILY of the VALLEY.— In store, an e.xtra-

J— J ordT.a'ilybeauiifulcollectionofthe above ar iclr.,veiy arge
clumps: e.ich clump will give 15 to 30 H.twur-buds Pi ico,
335. 4r/. per 110, payable on delivery, Ornets reci-ived by
J VAN TIL, Sen., BuloGrover, Hilleeom, Holland.

ORCHIDS. — An Amaieur, through want ol
ronin, has several C »T I LEVA'i, lyELlK.'i, ON-
tlDIUMS, PHAI r^;NOP.- IS, &c., fir disposal Address.
A. BKIUGhS, Adoii Park. Dulwich, S.E.

ROSES.— The finest Show and Decorative
varieties, strone, ttbusr, hanlity grown plants. Dwarfs,
from fts. per dozen, 45J. per ico and upwards. Standards, fmm
I2r per d. zcii, got. per loj ai.d upwards. Many ihou:ands 10
select f om.
JAMES DICKSON & SOVS. " Newlon" Nurseries. Chester.

'pO THE TKAnii.-6ooo extra strong H.P.

-■- Dwarf ROSE>, of all the leading ^how viritties. a-.d a
few hui dred I'warf Teav, verv stronit. from the cpr-n pr. .u-ii ;
also3coo MAN ETTIsTOLKS, clean ejedand » ell rooted. for
immediate disposal.
CHAS. COLE, Tiverton Hill Rosery, B.«h.

Hyaclntbus candlcani! ~

BUDDENBURG BROS., Bulb Growers,
Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,
offer the above, splendid white Hoovering bulb, at sor. per 1000.

Special Offer to the Trade.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA. -50000
(lilty thousand) extra strong flowering bulbs of the ab.,ve
ofTeted fi r sale General LIS l' of Cape Bulb, now readv

ROKT TEMPLEMAN, Colonial .^eedsma., ai.d Florist,
12, Ca.'.tle Street, Cape Town, Cape of Go. d H. |.e.

YBRID GLADIOLI.- The chelpest and

the bet in the Trade. HOOPER'a WHOLE-
SALE LIST will be foiwarded on apolication,

HOOPEk AND Co., Covent Garden. London, W.C,

EaglUh Oak, Spanish Chestnut
TIT LANE AND SON have a large quantity

-^-^^ • of the above to offer, fine clean grown snjlf. a to 3 feet,
3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, and other F(3KES l' TREES.
The Nui series. Be.khamstead, Herts.

OSES.-ROSES.— ROSE.S.-Fifty choice

Perpeitjals sent on receipt oi rtmiitance lor art. ; pur-
chaser's selection from 4C0 best varieties. 1 ist of names on ap-
plication. Twentv-fourchoiccStandards, orHall-stai dards, 21,.
JAS VVALTERS, Mount Ra-lffjid Nursery, Exeter. Devon.

/ CHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash.

W Birch. Alder, Willow, O^k, and Thorn Quuk. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanttd. A large quantity lo be ■,,,](].
GEO CHORLEV, Coaster's Nursery, MidhurM.

/'^J.LADIOLL— The best in cultivation, cheap.

V^ From the grand collection of varieites which gained the
First Prize at Cryital Palace, Dundee Inteinaiitira', and other

piincipal Flower Shows. Intending purchabeis should hend fuF

CATAI.f^GUEto

ALEX. E. CAMPBELT , Gve Garden=, Gourrck, N.B.

Lilies of the Valley.

TJANNOCH has on hand, for immediate
• delivery, about i6o,oco strong Berlin Crowns ttr Forcing.
Sample and price on applicaiion (or ^ix siam. s

The Li y Nursery. Dcrsingham, Norfolk.

Grape Vines —Grape Vines!
TRELAND and THOMSON have a lar^e

-L and thoroughly ripened stock of the above in Plan'ingand
Fruiting Canes CATALOGUES on application

Nurseries : Craigleiih. Comely Bank, and New Golden Acie,
Granion R'-ad, Edinburgh.

C:! RAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant-

VJ ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES io pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmoid,
Surrey.

OOSEBERKV TREES ^iid ^cIFt^

Prohhc RA-iPBERRy.-.Sirong 2 and 3-yr old Lanca-
shire Lads amd Raspbtrry Canes ''or Sale. — Ai p y to
^ W. WARkEN. Worton Gardens, Islewoith, W.

T? A S P~B E~R R Y CANES.-

-i-^ An immense quantity of the choicest Carteri.' Prolific
and Fastolf for dispi sti.

The Advertiser being ihe n on extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special caie will be taken 10 select Caies
most suiuble for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting
Lowest ca^h teims on application to
R. BAIH. Crayford. Kent.

For Sale

RASPBERRY CANE.S, Red and Black
CURRANT TREES, and Victoiia RHUBARB St T-
Apply, R RATH, Wan-in.t Fjim, 'ravlorrl

SAGE PLANTS, i.r 6^/ per dozen. Uider of
R. bAlH, ' rajfu d, K ni.

770

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1S84.

SALES BY AUCTION.

Monday Next.

PLANTS in FLOWER, for CHRISTMAS DECORATION.

SPECIAL SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SKLLbyAUCnON, at iheii Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C., on MONDAY NKXT,Dec.-mber 2i,
at halt-pa^t ii o'Clcck precisely. Without Reserve, about :o3
lots of well-grown and spleudidly furnished PLANTS in
FLOWER, ci:mcirising large plants of Erica hyemilis and
othtr Heaths, Gardenias, Cyclamen, Tree Carnations, Maiden-
hair Ferns, an assortment of Palm j, and other Plants specia'ly
adapted for Christmas Decoration.

O.T view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next
loccr LILIUM AUR ATOM.— DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central SaleRooms,
f? and fS. Cheapside, E.C., on MOwDAY NEXT, December

22, at hd)f-past T2 o'Clocli precisely, io,coo unusually fine Bulbs
of LILIUM AURATU.M, just received from Japan in splendid
cind.iion. and about 150 lots of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, and other Dutch Bulbs.

Ou vie* morning cf Sale and Catalogttes.

Tuesday Next.-Orclfids In Flower.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
» ill SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 6f. Cheapside. B.C.. on TUESDAY NEX P. December

23. at hail-past 12 o'clock p'ecisely, about 200 lots of ORCHIDS
in FLOWER, from various collections, amcngst which may be
inentioi.el the rare Zygopetalum rostratum, Odontoglossum
aspersuni, fine varieties of Odontoglossum Alexandras, Cattleya
Wailisii, &c., together with about 300 lots of Imported
ORCHIDS from Mexico.

Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next. -(Sale No. 6S02.)
HARDY BULBS and ROOTS, S:c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Coveat Garden, W.C, on MONDAY NEXT. December 22, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a COLLECTION of HARDY
ROOTS, compiising Monlbrelia Pottsii. Ornithogalum gracilis,
Tigiidias cf sons. Pat.cratiums, choice named GladiLh, Iris
Robmsoniana, Mi la bifljra, Lilies in fire.it variety, Spliaia
jipotiicsand S. palmata, Liielvtra spectabilis, &c. Als:) first-
cliss HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
and other DUTCH BULBS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next -(Sale No. 6803.)
IMMENSE I.MPORTATIONS FROM JAPAN.

iS.oco LILIUM AUKATUM.

2,500 LILIUM KRaMERI.

2,500 LILIUM LONGIFLORUM.

1.500 LILIUM THUNBERGIANUM.

1,000 LILIU.Vl SPECluSUM ROSF.UM.

1,000 LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM.
Also Fifty Cases, each containing a COLLECTION of LILIES,
as follows:— Six Lilium speciosum roseum, six ditto album,
twelve L. auralum, six L. species, six L. tigrinum, twelve
ditto (double) ; twenty-four L. Thunbergianum, twelve L.
longifljrum, and four L Leichtlini.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. on TUESDAY, December 23, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely.
On vitw morning of Sale, and Cataloeues had.

Tuesday Next— (Sale No. 6S03,)

5C0O fin.; TUREROSES from GENOA,

]\/rR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above

-l-'X in his SALE by .AUCTION, at Gieat Rooms. 38. King
Street. Covent Ga:den, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, Decem-
ber 23.

On view mornin£r of -^ile. and Catalosue- had.

Wednesday Next -(Sale No 6804 )
ROSES, HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King .Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, onVVEDNESD.AY NEXT. Decem-
ber 24. St half-pa: t 12 o'clock prtcisely. an assortment of
first-class Standard. Dwarf, Climbing, and Pot ROSES, in
variety ; chrce named CARNAIIONs, PICOTEES. PIN KS,
I'HLOXLS, LELPHINIU.MS, and olh=r BORDER
PLANTS ; also severa hundred lots of HYACINTHS
TULIP-;, CkOCUSF.S. NARCISSUS, LILIES, GLADI-
OLI, and other DUTCH BULBS, LILY of the VALLEY,
EPIRiEAS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

"VX/ANTED, a Glass Market NURSERY,

* * with DwcI!irg-house, wiiliin 40 miles of London.
Suitable Tor Grape. Cucumber, and Tomitn Growing.

H., The Vineries, Nightingale Road, Wood Green, N,

To Nuryserymen. Florists, Gardeners aad Others.

FLOKIS'i'S BUSINLSS.

FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going
corccrn, all that well-known and remunerative FREE-
HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildfoid Street
Nurserie> witlun two minut*s*walk of the Baiton Railway
Station, Hereford, llie prcipsrty of Urial Hwin, Florist, who is
reIinqii;sHinc buiines^on acccunl cf declining yearF. The Pro-
perly compti>es a modern and substaritially brick built Rcsi-
diiice, called Blenheim Ho^l^e, with several Perches of Free-
hold Gaiden Ground, a number of Span-roof and i.caii-to Glass
Hous-i';, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus', Hot ^nd
Cold Pits, and Potting Sheds ; together vi ith the Slcck-in-tradc,
roiisisting of a weli-giown ar.d healthy lot of B'lddiiip, mi-cel-
laneous aNSorlment of u.-^eful Greenhcuse and Hardy Outdoor
Plant?, in popuhr demand ; small collection of usefu' Nursery
Stuik. HcriicuIturaiRtqaisites. Tools, and absiluic Gccdwill.
A sp'endid cp^oitunity lor -nn eiiterprisinc yoiin? nun orgentle-
rnau's gardener with snir*!! cispiral tiesiicus of retiring funi
service. Ore-half or so of irurchasfc-money cm remain on moit-
gage if required. For further pariicubrs apply to
GEO. H. BARLOW. Estate and P.nperty Agent, Hereford.

'T"'0 BE SOLD, a F RE EH OLD ^Xr M ,

-L compri^ing House, Earn, Stables, and other Oiubuiid-
ings and 8 Closes, cnnlaining about 20 acies of good Land,
stiiul.le for a Fancy Farm, Hunting Stables, Nurseiy Groimd?;,
or Building Sites for pood Villa*!, Prettily situated on the south
side of Kugby, and about a m';le from Rneby Schj.I. A bargain
for a oraciicnl Market Gardener. Apply to the owners,
Messrs. ABEL and SON, Alexandia House, Harrogate.

A Rare Opportunity for Nurserymen.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, owing to
thedeath of the ouuer, ELM GROVE ISURSEklES,
Kewry, Ireland. These well known Nurseries are at present
well btocked, and forntarly fifty years the propiieiors (Messrs.
IVI. Grant &: Co.) carried uu a spUndid business.

For particulars apply to TH03. J. MAKRON, Solicitor,
Newry, Co Down.

To Florists, Nurserymen, &c.
^pO LET or SELL, LAND in any quantity, well

J- adapted for the above, and within a few minutes ot Hamp-
ton Station ; also a 6-roomed COTTAGE to LET, with Laud.
J. EMBLETON, Suffolk House, New Hampton; Messrs.
PKOl HEKOE AND MORRIS, 67 and 6S, Chcapiide. E.G.

n^Q BE LET, at Isleworth and HestoT,

-L MARKET GARDEN and FRUIT PLANTATION,
With good Residences and Buildmgs in firit-c'ass order and con-
diiiun : from 4 to 20 acres.

Apply to E. P. NEWMAN, Maiket Garcenei's Agent,
Uxbridge, Middlesex.

To Cut Flower and Fruit Growers, and Florists.

Surrey, 37 miles from London, and within easy distance of
Two Important Towns.

''pO BE LET en LEASE, a compact and

-L wtUestabhshed NURSERY, compiisings Acrcso! Lmd,
SLVcn well built Grecnliouses, detached Cottage and Sheds.
Lease 19J4 years, tent only £^io. 'J he houses ate luliy stocked
with good saleable plants, acd to effect a speedy sale the low
[irice of ^200 will be accepted f<jr the Stock and Lease.

Apply to PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. 67 and 68, Cbeap-
s'.de, London, E.C.

TO LET, in the South of England, Seven
large GREENHOUSES, buiit expressly for Tomato,
Cucumbeis, and Mushroom Growing. Stcck will be sold a
great Bargain. For particulars address
H. E., Messrs. Bair & Soil, King Stieet, Covent Garden, W.C.

PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul-

-3- TURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and e8, Cheapside, London, EC., and at Leyton-
st'jne, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

fTi MILLINGTON AND CO., ENGLISH

JL • and FonEiGN Sheet aui Plate Glass, White Lead,
Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43. Commercial Street, E.

JOHN KENNARD'S HORTICULTURAL
Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery
Depot. CatAlogne post-free of every Horticultural Eequisite.
Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854.

Hyacinths In Pots.

POTS made expressly for HYACINTHS
c:in.be i.upp:itd by
J. MATTHEWS, The Koyal Po-lery, Weston super-Mare.
Price List free.

Eliubarb and Seakale Forcing

STRONG well-made POTS for
the above can be supplied by
J. MATTHEWS, The Royal Potteiy, Weston-super-Mare.
Price List free.

Continental Seeds.

OKNOPFF AND CO., Erfurt (Established
• tSj2). offer their well known FLOAJER SEEDS to
the Trsde. For CATALOGUES. &c., apply to
BECK AND POLLITZER. 2it, Upper ThainesSlreet. E.C.

Plants in Flower. —To tlio Trade.

HUGH LOW AND CO. ofifer ERICA
HVEMALIS, in 48s. Cos. and 751. per too. BOUVAU-
DIAS. White and double Pmk, T = !. per dozen. CVCI-.AMEN
PERSICUM, varied in colour, soi., 75r., locj. per jco
Clapton Nursery, Lccdon, E.

pLEMATIS INDIVISALOBATA, Iho^'i ng

Vy flower, good plants, i8y. per dozen. Akoa la-eeand fine
stock of Dr. Ofton arrd Henry Jacoby GERANIUMS, price
per ICO on application.

W. *ND J. BROWN. Stamford.

T OVELY LILIES and IRIS.— Wm. Gordon

J -J has still the finest coUec'ion of there Bnv of the
Importer. Th« thiee Ijvely Lilies, Lihnni alhnm Krsetzi^r',
Liliiim Melpcmtne. Lilium Brownii, (or 5^. 6i,, six for qc,
po.si-free. Ov(.r ihiity varieties of Jap.ineFe IrJs. all Iiybrids, in
all hues and beautifully mirk.?d, p^rlecily hardy ; the admira-
tion last sea'son of all who saw them. Six varieties for qx ,
twelve for 151., the thirty varieties for 31J. Lilliim Humbcliiii,
each ly., xs. td., 2s. 6d. Lilium auratum— these surprise all
my customtrs — specially imported bulbs, tcf., gd., ij..and is. (■ti.
each Special term-i to the Trade.— WM. GOK DON. Nur-
series, Twiclcenham. Middlesex. See previous Ac vertisements.

EAKALE and ASPARAGUS.

Crowns for Fcrcinfr. Apply to
WILLIAM BAGLEY. Mil-hot Farm. Fulham. R.W.

r ILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.—

»— ^ Good sound dry BULIIS, abmit 4 inches in circum-
ference, 4J. per do?en. sSj. per ico. Cheapest for quality ever
offered. Samples twelve stamps.

Messrs. MORLE and CO., i and 2, and 162, Fenchurch
Sircet, E G.

s

Roses.

HLANE AND SON have a fine stock of
• extra strong Siandardr. to offer, at 15*. per dozen, or
purthiset's selection at i8s. pef dozen ; Half-Standards at lar.
re' d 7en ; Hw-irfs, is. and loj. per dozen. Descriptive
CATALOGUE free.

The Nurscriei;. IJeikliamstcad. Herts.

NeYv CHRYSANTHEMUMS.-Orders .ire
ni'W being booked for the New Vaiietie.i of iSS* at 10.7.
per dnz ; CuitinES, 1883 V.:ricties, 4s. cer doz. ', be.st Old
Varieties, is. 6d per df>z , my selection. Post-free for P.O.
R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

Autumn Planting

THE LAVVSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), FdinbiirRh, have, as usual, an
exiensive .^trk r.f healthy, well qrown sccdiinc and trans-
ph.nied FORFST ai.d ORNAMKNTAL TREE^ and
SHRURS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, &c., special cffers of
vvh'ch will be made on aptlicaiicu.

PAUL AND SON, The "Old' Nurseries,
Cheihuot. hold very fine stccksorthe uodcrtnenticned ; —
STANDARD TEA R' >SES, be.t kmds.
STANDARD HYBRID PERPLTL'.VL ROSES, vicorous

kirid^ .
DWARF TEA ROSES on Brier only
STRONG CLI.MBING ROSES, ve-y lira, plants
STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, in pots, 8 to 9 lect high.
STRONG DWARF ROSES for hedges.
STRONG DWARF ROSES !or bids.
POT ROSES, of all sorts and sizes
STRONG STANDARD APPLES. 5 to 6 fctt sterns.
STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine fea.is.
STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including ViciorL.s.
EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPLES ar-.d

PEARS.
EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLU.MS and

CHFRRIES.
STRAWBERRIES, in large and small pots.
GOOSEBF.RRlEf, fine, on 1 foot stems.
CURRANTS, particularly fine Red and While,
CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PLANTi.
HOLLIES, Green and Variegated, 10 acres at High Beach.
CATALOGUES post-free.

RU1T~TREES fbr SALE.— Favourite

Cluster DAMSON. Vtctoria Bu^h and New Orlear s
PLUMS. lo.tooLadand Bob GOOSEBERRIES, Black ar.d
Red CURRANTS, COB TREES. ioo» true DAMSON
SP.\WN, 3to4letl,

A. SEAR, Mr. Skinner. Fast Farleigh, Kent.

HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—
Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.

Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgba«;ton, Birmincham.

LOIRE UE NANCY" CARNATION,

the best white Clove in cultivation, tos. per too, 6s. per
dozen. MRS. SINKINS. the best white Clove Pii.k, 301, per
100, 4S. per dozen. OLD CRIMSON CLOVE, 30J. per ito.
45. per dozen. All strong plants, established in pots.

POUNCE'S Nursery, Hendon, near London, N.W.

To the Trade.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB-KERSHAWS PARAGON.

WM. KERSHAW, Nurseryman, Brig-
house, has pleasure in ofTcting this fins variety, in
strong Roots, 6s. per dozen. 40J per roo. The roots supplied by
him last season gave unqualified saiisfaciion. Please oblige by
addressing all Orders to

Aueilale Nursery, Binc'ev.

ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, lys. per
icoo ; 3 to 4 feet, 205. per looo. ELMS, ij^ to 2 tcet,
14J. per 10. o ; 2 to 3 feet, i-js. per iood ; English, 3 feet, 25,*.
per loco. CHEbTNUT, bpanish, 2 to 3 feet, 32s. per 1000 ; 15
to 20 Inches. i6j". per kod. LARCH, 14 to 2+ inches, i2j td per
icoo ; 2 to ■£% feet, 16s. per icoo ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j, per 1000 ; 4
to 5 feet, 24J. per 1000. SPRUCE FIK, i to 1% foot, 12s per
10:0; rj4 to 2 feet, 13J. per 1C03 : 2 to 2j^ feet, bushy, i6j. per
1000. SCOICM FIK, i-yr , 2 yr. transplanted, 121. per loco ;
2 tt> 2j^ and 3 feet, i?s. per lo'o. SILVER FIR, 4 yr. traiis-
pbnted, 22J. per icoo. HAZtL, 2 to 3 feet. 2or. per iooj.
Oaks, i8 to 20 ii.ches. i6ji. per loco ; 2 feet. aar. per io<o.
PRIVET, Everereen. 2 feet, 15^. per 1000; i to 1% foct. I2i,
per 1000 ; OVALI folium, 2 to aj^ feet, 30^. per looa; Ova!,
I foot, 20J. per 1000. SYC.'^MORL, i^-< to 2 feet, 14'. ^er loco.
TilORNS, iK to 2 feet. \is. bti. per icoo ; 2 10 2j^ feet, ifj.
per icoo; 3 to 3J-2 feet. i8.f per lo.o.

CftTALOGUES on application to
CARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, N B.

H^ A R R I S O N AND SONS,
Royal Nurseries, Leicester, have 1 1 offer : —
lo.coo Strong GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Warringtons.
6,c-co I V(E:S, mostly Iii-h.
7, coo POPLARS, 6 to izfeet.
i.coo Standard Horse CHESTNUTS, fn e
2o,cro Bu-hy Evergreen PRIVET, 2 to 3 feet.
2,oco AMERICAN ARBOR-Vrr.e.
2.0CO Common LAURELS, 3 tn 4 iect. extra,
i.oco Paul's Ciimson THORNS, standards.
1,000 Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLU.MS.
I, coo Standard PEARS.
All well grown. Special quotations and samples free.

Roses and Fralt Trees.

IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an-
nounce that iheir stock of the above is this year specially
fine and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE
with prices on application.

Nurseries : Cratgleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Grautoii Ruad. Eduiburgh.

Extra Strong Fruiting Vines.

HLANE AND SON have still some of the
• above to cITcr, equal in strengih to ihrsa ihey
have been so successful with (or many years in taking the Fiisl
Prizes at the leading Horticultural Shows.

The Nurseries, Berkhamstead, Herts.

pASPBERRY CANES.— A large number of

^ ^ the celebrated Carter's Pruhfic (seeJ/.rr.t- Lane Expiess,

August I, i83i), todisposeof; alsoNaplci Llack CURRANTS,

two and three years old, and Dutch Red.

Apf.ly to

k. AND E. BATH, Colcates Farm, Scvenoales, Kent

To the Trade Only.
■J^ERNS — FERNS — FERNS.

A- AdLintum cuneatum, A. Iraptziformc, A. j.racillimum,
Lomaiia gibba, T..astrea aristata v.irieijata Pieris sertulata
cristata Cowani, P. setru'ata : nice plants in 6j's, 2cj. per ico.

Adi^ntum cunca'um. A. ^racillimum, A tiapezifnrme, tn 4 and
4!^ inch pots, 40''. to sor. per io3, accoidin^ to 'i/e ; Adiat.tutn
fjcotii, iu 6o's, 31X. per toj ; ditto, in 4 and 4^^ inch pots, 501.
per 100.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
C'uvan], Limited, The Viueyaid and Nurseiies, Gar^ton,
Liverpool.

Forest Trooa.
TRELAND and THOMSON have an e.\-

-*- tensive and hraliliy stnck of Seedling and Transplanted
Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, IJirch, Elm. Austrian Pine,
from rt in. t0 2l^ ft. ; Scotch Kir, Larch, Spruce, Black Soruce,
l.aricio. Beech, Thorns, Maple, Oak. Poplar.'-, Thorn Quick,
Chestnuts, Harel, &c. Special offers on apulicati-in.

Nurserie"* : CralRle ih, Comtly Bank, and New Golden .Acre,
Cr^nton Road, Edinburgh.

December 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CFIRONICLTl.

771

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—

IIOLLI ES, Common Green, 3, 4, s. 6, 7, 8 to\
,, lamifolia. ditto. [10 feet high. |

,, Hixlgins,', 3. 4, 5 to S feet.

., myrtifolia, ditto. j-many thotuaod:

„ Scottica, 3 to S feet.
,, YeJlow-btrried, aJtacUrcDSe and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, %. 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ WMerer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feel, S to 13 feel

in circumference.
,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, S to 10 feet, hundreds of

beautiful specimens.
„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful

heads, teu to nfteen years' gruwth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX. Gieen and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7fett. n.any ihousards.
YKWS, Ccmtiion, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 (ect, thousjtid-i.
„ Golden, of all sues up to 10 feel. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and bize uueqii.^lkd.
,, Irish, = lo 10 feet, hundreds. I thousands.

CUPRfcSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3. .4, 5. 6 to 8 feet,
,, Lawsoiiiana lutea, 3, 4, and s ftct, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOL.ABRATA. 3. 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5.6, 7, 8, to

10 fctt. The planis are covered with bui's.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known. 2, 3, 4, ;ii.d

S feel high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese. 7. S, and lo feet high.

., Chinese Golden, i to 6 feet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds.
„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feel, thousands.
,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.
„ ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 lo 10 feet, hundreds.
,. HOOKEklANA. :, to 5 feel.
., PARR VAN A GLAUCA. 1% to 2 feet, hundreds.
PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 Jeet, hundreds.
„ GRANDIS. sto7feel.
„ LASIOCARFA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.
„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hmd.eds.
,. NOB'LIS. 1% to3 feet, thousai.ds.
,-, NORDMANNIANA. 6. 7. to 10 feet.
,. PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.
., PUNGENS, 1=: to 2 feet, ih.^usands.
PINUS CEMBRA. 6toS feet,
CEDRUS DEOD.ARA, 6 tog feet, hundreds.'

., LIBANI ;Cedarof Lebanon) 3 to 5 ftet.
THUIA 0CC1I:ENTALIS LUTEA. ri to 6 feet, huudrej..
THUIOP.SIS EOREALIS. 3 to 5 feei.'hundrsds.
REriNOSPORAOBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds.
,, PISIFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet.
„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.

A SPECIALITY.

Rhododendrons and ether American Plants,

Grown in Saady Loam.

A superb Collection of all the leading Varieties in Culliva-
lion, also many thousands of RHODODENDRON PONl'I-
CUM ard HYBRIDS for Plantations and Covens.

A Sample Basket, containing Twelve Choice and Distinct
Varieties, to name, for 30^.

These plant*, being thus prepared, may be grown in any
ori'inary fibrous Ijam, without the expensive addition of peat
soil or other composts.

Priced LIST on application to

JOHN CRANSTON,
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.

SPECIAL CULTURE Oh

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now ofTertd for sale.
Tke l,:ustr,iUd and Dixripliie CA TALOGUE o/FR Ul TS

Th; Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

Forcln? Asparagus.

EAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above
• by the hur.dtei or thousand (own growth, and tians-
planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also
beg to ca!l tbeatlention of Nurserymen. Builders, and oihers t.j
their (sceptionally fine stock ol FRUIT, FOREST, ai.d
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUtS.

The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W,

pUT FLOWERS.— Btiy of the Growers. The

V^ Adveriisers are now offering Roman HYACINTHS.
EUPHORBIAS, POINSETT'IAS, f,jr Christmas; LILY of
the V.\LLEY and TULIPS in sorts. Write lor price to

TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hill
Nurserj', Alierlon, Liverpool.

SPECIAL OFFER

OKNAMENTAL TBEE5 and SHRUBS,

HOSES and PEUIT TUBES cf all kinds,

FOEEST TPvEES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
{free on application).

WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK,

Gold worth "Old" Nursery,
WOKING, SURREY.

ONIONS,

A SPECIALITY AT
CORN HILL, BANBURY

Proved Varieties

OF STERLING EXCELLENCE.

DEVERILLS NEW ONION,

THE ROUSHAM PARK HERO.

THE BEST ONION FOR EXHIBITION.

A magniliceot new variety, the result of .1 cross between the
White tilobe and the famous Banbuiy Onion, and distinct from
all other types of the White Spanish strains. It Rrjvvs to an
immense size, is of very robust conslitution, handsome shape,
and ol a light straw colour, possessing gieat depth of bulb, very
iiiild in tlavour, and a capital keeper.

Awarded nearly 100 Ist Prizes,

Including the ist Prize at t/ic Grand hiternatioti it Sliaio
at Dundee, Sept. ii, 12, and 13, 1884.

Per Packet, is.. Post-free.

H. Dkverill h,is supplied the true stock of the
Rousham Park Hero Onion Seed, in Sealed

Packets, to the following Seed Firms : —

Messrs. SUTTON AND SONS Reading.

„ JAS VEITCH AND SONS .. .. Chelsea.

,, WHEELER AND SON .. .. Gloucester.

„ CARTER AND CD London.

„ F. AND A. DICKSON Chester.

„ HARRISON AND SON .. .. Leicester.

,, POPE AND SONS Birmingham.

„ JAS. BACKHOUSE ArjD EON .. York.

„ SANG AND SON Kirckcaldy.

Mr. J. DOWNIE Edinburgh.

,, C.COOPER Plymouth.

„ J. COCKER Aberdeen.

„ C. FIDLER Reading.

„ D.YOUNG Kirriemuir.

„ J. C SHEPPARD Bedford.

„ W.W.JOHNSON Bo.ton.

„ CHAS. TURNER Slough.

DEVERILL'8 NEW ONION,

THE ANGLO WHITE SPANISH.

A cross between the Readinc Onion and the Imported White
Spanish variety, [he resiiU o( fiTteen years' caietul seltcLion by
Rlr. G. Neal, Head Gardener to P. Souihbv, Esq., !rom whom
ihe itcck h.-.s been purchased by H. Deverill.

Xiiu Sad cf this niagjnjiccnt Onion is no7u offered for the
fint tune.

Per Packet, 2s. 6d., Post-free.

To be obtained .>«/y direct from Corn Hill, Banbury ; or, from
Messrs. jAS. VEIICH aku SON. Chelsea, S.W., to whom
H. Deverill has supplied a quantity of Seed, in Sealed Packets.

FINLAY'8 NEW ONION,

THE WROXTON.

A r.ew;ind remarkably handsome e^g shaped vanety, the remit
of a c OSS between the Poitugal Onion and the Magnum
lior.um, by Mr. Finlay, lale Gaidener at Wrcxton Abbey. It
is strongly recmraended for its very mild fl.ivour and exceiler^t
keeping qualities, and is quite distinct from all o'her ^Icbe-
shaped varietie:

Per Packet, Is., Post-fres.

CROP

DEVERILL'8 MAIN

ONION.

The Best Cropper. The Mildest Flavour. Ti
Best Keeper.
The Best for Large or Small Gardens.

(See Deverili's Seed List.)

Per Ounce, 6J ; per 3 Ounces, la 6d , Post-free;
per 7 Ounces, 33. 64., Post-free.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Four Prizes, value £^, will be awarded at
the Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South
Kensington, in October, 1SS5, for Six Specimens
of each of the above Onions. For further par-
ticulars send for SEED CATALOGUE, gratis
and post-free, from

H. DEVERILL,

SEED STORES,

CORN HILL, BANBURY.

EXPIRATION OF LEASE,

Several Acres of Nursery, containing a
valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a
nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed.

Ordinary Reduced
Price. to

s/6

u/6
7/6

»/o

1/6

,/6

>/-

5/- 1/-

3/6'

5/-
.0/-

1/6

RHODODENDRONS. Standard, 4000 [

to select from, of finest named 1

kinds, perfect specimens, from' 1

ij4to 5 feet ihroueh the head 105/- 10/6 31/6 5/-

,, Hush, do., 5, 6, 7, and S feet high.. I 4?/- 21/- 15/- 10/fi

,, Diivaif and Sweet-scented, 1 to 2J2 |

feet high, consisting of R, 1

fragran?, \A ilsoni, Goveni- '
anum, &c. .. .. .J

.\NDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ;!

fine plants, well set with bloom, t to 3'

feet high

AZALEAS, I to 3 feet hit;h

A fine lot tf P. NORDMANNIANA.i

T. LOl'.Bir. WELLINCiTOMIA.;

CUPRESSUS, RtTlNOSPoRASj

TllUIOPSIS DOLAiJRATA, and;

ntanyoiher-; in fine condition for removal ic/5 $/-'
ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci-

ineirs of Limes, Laburnums in vars..

Horse Chtslnut, Scarltt Chestnut,

Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples,

Fraxiniis aticuba:foli.i, Scatlct Oak ;

also Weeping Hirch, Elm, Ash, and

Poplar, 6 to 15 feet high .. ,. 10/6

LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to

4 feet, per 100 . . .. ac/-

,, common, i lo 2J2 ftet . . . ."

LAURF.L, common, i to 3 feet

,, Ciucasica, i lo 2/^ feet ..

,. Portugal, ij^ to 3 feet ..
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA ,.

BRCOM, White

YEWS, Iri.sh

ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas and

Climbers
CLEMATIS, fine Muff, in great

vaiiety; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reaionable

lopsis Veitchii \_ offer refused ; or

ILFX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol quotaiions will

perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; he ^ivcn.

smaller, i to 3 ftet.
THU[\ LOBBII, :i t04fect
KETlNOiPOKA aUREA, 6 to 15

CUPRESSUS ERECTA ViRIDls'.

1 to 3 feet
WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA.

3 to 5 ftet

MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to

iS inches ;

COB N UT, Webb's. 3 lo 6 feet . . 25,1. per ico

Collections of SHRUBS and TREES fcr genet al planting, a to

6 feet high, 255 to 751. per i o.
Extra lar^e Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to

clear. li each.
SPIRJEA PALMATA, fice foicing dumps. The largest

stock in Europe, 15s, and izs 6d. per ico.
ERICAS in vaiiety, 20s. per loc.

LAVENDER, fti e bu;hy stuff, 3J-. per dLzen, 15^. per jcq.
PERIWINKLE. iD,r. per 100.

Tkoti^ar.di of other ihings too nu}turoits /or nn advertise-
meiit are on offer., end inquiries or a viiit luitl be found very
adz'an tageoic:,

CHASLES NOBLE. Eagsliot.

pniCHESTER ELMS.— 50 splendid, for

^<J Pjtks, iS 10 25 feet.

PICEA NORDMANNIANA-12, from 4 to

5 ftet in height, and the same acr's;,

J-iandsjine specimens and fine roots.

BEECH, Avenue — 4 dozen, fine, well-rooted,

16 to 18 feet.

LARCH — 5000 or 6000, excellent, weil-rcoted,

5 to 6 «cet.

Straight, clean, and good,

FOB SALS, CHEAP. — Apply to

ROBT. F. DARBY.

THE NURSERIES, CIRENCESTER.

RARE AND BEAUliFUL LILIES

AT LOW PRICES.

L DALMATICUM the black Martagon, one of the most

stiiking and at the same time tree growing ; two sizes,

IS 6d. and ^s. 6d, each.
L. CARNIOLICUM. ihe orange-:ca-iet Martagcn, a rare

beauty ; two sizes, is. acd li. fd. each.
L CANADENSF. RUBRUM, an " aristocratic " beauty, ij.

and IS. id each.
L. HARRISn, the lirjcst white Tiurr.pet fljwe'-, for p-ilF, in

existence ; three sizes, u., \s. Cd. and 2s. (id. each.
L. LONGIFLORUM. splendid while Trumpet, f.agiant, and

very hardy, 6/. each.
L. AURATUM, golden rayed Li'y of Japan ; th:ee size-, ()ci.,

IS. and 15. f>d. each.

All common varieties in :-tock. See CATALOGUE.

25 per cent, discount when at lea>t six of one kind are taken.

All cairiage fi ee. Now is the best lime to p'ant.

HOOPER & CO, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.O.

Lilium auratbm, Cypripedium japonicum,
Lilium Szovitzianum, L, Hansoni,

And others fiom Japan, all in magnificent condition
L. MAKTAGON ALBUiM, very lar^e ; Notih Amercan
LILIES. CALOCHORTI in variety, CVPRIPEDIA I.,
hsnd. IRIS, NARCISSI, GLADIdLI, ORCHIDS, BULBS
for Spring Planting. &c. N£W ZEALAND SEEDS,
Filmy FEKNS, and others.

Ihe NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.

772

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1884.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal in

November. Per doz.

S'andards, choicest and best sorts .. i8f. and 21s.
Half- standards ,, ,, .... i5J- >• rS^-

Dwarfs ,, ,, t. •• 9r- ,, I2r.

Our selection of above Ferpetuais.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Kose Growers. Forest Hill. S.E.

^' THE OLD ESTABLISHED ^

NURSERY, SEED&IWPLENiEMT BUSIHESs!

UNRIVALLED FOR

_PUALITV VARIETY & EXTENT
^r J FOREST- FRUIT -Vin

•< i ALL OTHER >-#

A TREE si PLANTS/ M

Wt^Ci^^^^'JoS^S^^tsf;

PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE

JAMESDickSON&SONS
NEWTON'NURSERIES
- — CHESTER

mKTY

>pna

ental

Forest _

Priced Catalogues .PosiFi>ee.
' Crawley , w Sussex.

Lalng's
Dutcli
Bulbs.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers o(
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c, 10/6, is/-, 2i/-, 25/-, 30/-, and 4'/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fiuit Trees, &c , ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

THE NEW RASPBERRY,

LORD BEACONSFIELD (a SeedUng).

The finest Kaspberry and best cropper ever known. First-
class Ctrtificite, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong
t'aiies, IS*, per d jzen, £ j se. per 100 ; 4 feei Fruiting Canes,
91, per dozer, £i per 100, UsH'il allowance to the Trade.

A. FAULKNOR,
INKPEN, HUNGKRFORD.

Francis ©Arthur
Dickson s Sons.

lOSEastgate St.& r»„„cTPD
TheUpton Nurseries VyJlD O 1 iLitv.

FOREST TREES.

Many Millions.

Stout, Hardy, Famously Rooted.

FRUIT TREES.

50 Acres.

Pronounced by all who see them —

"Tbe beat In the Klngflom."

EVERGREENSand ROSES

and all other Trees and Plants.

ALL 01' SPLENDID QUAL/Ti:

NURSERIES OVER 200 ACRES.

Wiiie (or Ci^TALOGUES, Oralis and Posl-lree.

^/.^' zjfJc^^'y>^^-

Lalng's
Begonia

Seed

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets,
CHOICE MIXED, from sinRle varieties, i/- and
y/6 per pack-t ; 5/- extra Urge packets ; double
vaiietie^i, ?/i ana =/- per packet.
C0LLEC1IONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/i
6 named varieties, separate, 4/-
Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E.

PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true

WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES

for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their
Orders as early as convenient to

Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READIKG. BERKS,

of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on af plication.

1884— New Bulb Catalogues.— 1884.

MY TWO

NEW

BULB CATALOGUES

ARE NOIV READY.
One is devoted e.xclusively to NARCISSUS and LILIES
and includes all the best of these popular families. The
ABC Bulb Guide consists of HYACINTHS. TULIPS,
CROCUS, GLADIOLUS. IRIS, HELLEBORES, &c , and
a quantity of CHOICE MISCELLANEOUS BULBS.
Copies will be Posted upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERV, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.

NOW EEADY,
Gratis and Post-free

ON APPLICATION.

PAMPAS PLUMES.

We have just received a very large consignment of the
above, the finest ever imported, and we are in a position
to offer them at very low prices. Prices on application.

J. SLAYMAKER,

CENTRE AVENUE,COVENT GARDEN MARKET, W.C.

TO PLANTERS OF FOREST
AND OTHER TREES.

Cranston's Nursery k Seed Co.

(LIMITED)

Have splendid stocks of transplanted and well-rooted

LARCH FIR .. ,. I to ij feeL

,, . . ,, li to 2 feet.

,, . . ,. 2 to 2i feel.

\\ ,, •• .. 2J to 3 feet.

,, . . .. 3 to 3J feet.

.. 4 to 5 feet.

SCOTCH FIR .. ..2 tozUeet.

,, .... 2\ to 3 feet.

THORNS 2' to 2j feet.

. . . , 2^ to 3 feet.
&c,, &c.,
and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a

list of requirements.

Full trucklo.ids Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.

CATALOGUES ox application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.

(LIMITED)

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD

GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,

m SPLENDID CONDITION FOR REMOVAL.

WOOD & INGRAM'S

GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE of NURSERY STOCK,

INCLINING

FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES,
HARDY CONIFEROUS and TAXACEOUS PLANTS

Evergreens, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs,
HARDY CLIMBERS, ROSES, &C.,

Is now ready, and will be ient/rce on application.

THE NURSERIES, HUNTINGDON.

A BRANCH AT ST. NEOTS

ROSES, A GRAND COLLECTION.

ROCKWORK SHRUBS, all the best.
STANDARD ORNAMENT.\L TREES, all the best.
HARDY CLIMBERS, a splendid collection.
HARDY "FLORIST" FLOWERS, including Car-
nations, Pajonies, Violets, Hollyhocks.

New General CATALOGUE of the above and many other
things may be had gratis and post-free on application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON,

c

UTBUSH'S MILL-

SPAWN. — Too well known to require

description. Price 6i. per bu!>hel

(ij. extra per bushel for packaee)i c*

kd per cake; free by Parcels Poit, iJ.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-

111*1) ages and printed cultural directions

■' enclosed, wiih our signaiure attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON

(Limited). Nurserymen and Seed

Mercliints, Highgate Nurseries, N.

THE ROYAL

NORFOLK

ESTABLISHMENT

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885.

The Earliest and Best in Caltlvatlon.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW.
From Mr. A, Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge.
" I sowed your Geni of the Seasnn Pea March ay. and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest uf All
March IS, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea h^s
proved what its name implies fijr earline^s, productiveness, and
flavour."

From Mr. T. Kotlev, The GirdeoF, Stoke Hall,
bloke Holy Croi=.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one.
I planied at the same lime and by the side of Day's fcarljr
Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the beason ten days eailier,
ihe p:ids were alao full, averaging from seven to nine gooJ siied
Peas in each."

Height 2 feel, and veiy prolific.

Price, 3r. 67. per quart. 21. per pint, \s. yi. per half-pint.

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' MIDSUMIVIER MARROW PEA.

The Earliest L'Uie Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation.
He ght 1% to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality.

Should be sown now.

Piice. 3J. (>d. per quart, 21. per pint, is. 3/. oer 1 a If- pint.

Fiee per Parcels Post to any address.

Seedanien to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
NORWICH.

December 20, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

773

GENUINE SEEDS.

James Veitch & Sons

liF.r, TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR

CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS for 1885,

Coitainirg Lists of Choice Vegetable and Floral Novelties, Horticultural
Implements, and other Garden Requisites,

Is now rcao'y, and may be had Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S W

First-class Ncveltv.

GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES.

I have Ihe gratification to offer my
respected brethren in the Trade a
novelty, which cannot be too well re-
commended, and that fulfils the long-
expressed wishes of the Gardener.

The Gloxinia gesnerioides is the
result of a cross between Gesnera
Donckelaari and Gloxinia h)brida, and
unites completely the best character-
istics of these two species. The
variety /comes quite constant from
seed. For Seeds and Tubers, please
apply to

H, G. TRENKMANN,

SEED GROWER,

Weissenfels, Germany,

RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER.

(ESTABLISHED 1804.)

Pill PQ Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a tnfle.
DU L Do Heady in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ^''^''ll-^illt'-'

STANDARDS. 15J. per dozen. 1055. per ico.
Packing and Carnage Free for Cash with Order.

r RUl lo (/4 SCrGS) and kind of tree at low prices.

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) "iViWi

TRE KS. FIOWERING PL.\N IS (8s per dozen, 50J.
per loj), FOREST TREES.

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '°'<^<^''^"'^-

FORCING, &c., iss. to 361. per dczen.

V A T O R V,

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

\s. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s .Selection).

STRAWBERRIES forcing, i6j.t'oj^'pe"'S>.'

\/lMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V I IN Co y.bd. tr> lol. bd. each.

PI CMATIC WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE
bLCIVIn I 10 and DOUBLE, ijj. to 241. per dczen.

Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

IMPORTANT NOTICE,

TO ADVERTISERS.

In consequence of the Christmas
Holidays, the GARDENERS'
CHRONICIE for next Saturday,

Decetnber 2 7, will be published on
Wednesday the 2i^th inst. at 2 p.m.
Advertisements for that Number
■must reach the Office not later than
TUESDA Y morning, the 2 ^d inst.

LIMES, Standard, transplanted last spring,
5 to 6 leel, 25J. per to 30J. 100 ; 7 to 9 (eel, 35J. to 4< t.
per loo, ca^h. A (ample dtzcu ol each iize, to be picpatd, 41.
and 6j. per dozen,

J. D. GOOljWIN, Nurseriman and Floiist, Market Place,
Ashb'iurne.

MARTIN'S

PRESIDENT CAULIFLOWER

A very early and distinct variety, which has been
grown in ihe East Ridinc^ of York^^hire for the past six
years, where it is held in great reputation.

It comes into use in May, and conliimes until Ihc lale
summtT varieties are ready for cutting. The heads are
medium sized, beautifully close and white, and well
protected by the foliage, which enablfs it to stand the dry
hot weather, such as we experienced last summer.

The plant is dwarf and very compact, and can be
planted three or (our inches closer than any other
varit-ty.

Retail Price, Is 6d. per packet.

Mr. R. G11.DERT, Ga^dfner to the jMnst Noble the Marquis
of txeter. writes as follows : —
*' Mr, Martin, Sir. — Viiur 'President' Cauliflower jent me
for tiial has turned oui thevery lest of all 1 havegrtwDihis.'easuii:
four heads in my first collection of vegetable-. ;il the biatnlord
Show were the admiration o' all and very ftr above any in the
show." Signed, R. Gilbert, Burghley, Sfptemhcr ^^ 18S4.

And then, to publish its merits to the gardening
world, Mr. Gilbert writes to The Gardefi,
September 20, 1884 :—

" Martin's Presilent Cauliflower."— "After giving
this sort a good trial, 1 am now cnatiled to give my opinion rt-
specting its merits. Amongst the varieties I am growing are
Best ot All.Snowbdll, tarly trfuit, Veiich's Uiant. Walcheren,
ard the one in question. On September 2. I wanted a dt^-h of
Cauliflowers for a collection ol vei-eiable?. I have a Urge
quarier of Cauliflowers p'amed, and I carefully searched f r the
lest, this I found in Martin's President, which, to take into con-
>ideralion the dry weaiher, was ceri^inlv an admirable produi.-
lion, being Cose and well pn ttcted by the foliage and perfectly
whtie ; m (act I look upon this Caulirt<)Wtr in such sea-ons as
we have just goue through, as a gaidenei's liiend." — R Gilbrrt,
Burghley.

Many other Testimonials could be published, but the
above will suffice to prove the superiority of my "Presi-
dent " Cauliflower over other varieties.

Trade Price on application to

WILLIAM E. MARTIN,

THE OLD ESTABLISHED SEED AND BULB
WAREHOUSE,

61, MARKET PLACE, HULL.

MENDER'S STRAINS,

PETUNIA GRANDIFLOEA.

DOUBLE, FRlNfJED, producing a good pfircentage of very
full and finely firinged flowers, 31. t<i. per packet.

SINGLE. STRIPED and MOTTLED, fljwers very large, zs.
per packet.

SINGLE. FRINGED, now cfferftd for the first ti-ne ; seed
saved from splendidly fringed flowers of the richest colours
pcssible. We especially recommed this. 2s. 6d. per packet.

BALSAMS.

The finest strain offered. Saved only from plants tJroducing
very double flowers. Eight varieties, separate, 2s, 6d.

Trade Travellers who visit our Nursery pronouoce the above
strains to be the finest they meet with.

W. HENDER & SONS, Nuree;y, Plymouth-

774

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1S84.

GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION,

AUGMENTATION OF PENSION FUND,
The object of which is to increase the Amoicnt of the Pensions. Only /420 arc nozo required.
This amount (^420) tmist be collected before December 31, or the Institution will lose the /500
promised on these conditions by an anonymous donor. An earnest appeal is therefore made to all those
interested in horticultural purs7iits to send their donations at once.

GARDENERS, do not be afraid to send your shillings {or your guineas) ; every little will help, and
the smallest donations u ill be thankfully received by

Dr. MASTERS, or W. RICHARDS,

41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.
DONATIONS ALREADY RECEIVED : —

BOTHY MEN, The Mote Park £o i

BOTHY MEN, Ingeslre Gardens, Stafford .. .. o
BOTHY MEN. The Gardens, Cas;le Howard, York o

Mr. SHERWOOD (Hursts Son) 5

Mr. W. RICHARDS i

Dr. MASTERS =

A. G. E 2

Mr. P. GRIEVE, Bury St. Edmunds i

Mr. R. FARRANCE, Chad Mell Heath .. .. o

Per Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Sherwood Park, Tuc-

bridtre Wells i

Mr. T. WYNNE, Wroiham Hall Gardens .. .. o

Mr. A. ROBINSON, Maidstone o

Mr. R. BULLEN. Botanic Gardens, GlasEow .. i

FOREMAN and UNDER GARDENERS, Botanic

Gardens, Glasgow o

Mr. R. McMILLANand GARDENERS at Morcton

House. Bideford o

J. HEATH, Sedgwick Gardens, Kendal .. .. o

Vl. PICK, W. LOWE, and J. ROBERTSON, Young

Gardeners in the Bothy, Sedgwick Gardens, near

Kendal, 2j. 6(/. each .. .. .. .. .. o

T. BROWETT, Esq., Coventry i

C. TWAMLEY, Esq , Ryton-on-Dunmore .. .. o
Miss FREEMAN, kyton-or.-Dunmore .. .. o

LUKE DRESSER, Esq., Coventry, frr Mi-s

FREEMAN i

A few FRIENDS. /<•/• F. PRINCE, The Gardens,

Dartrey, Co. Mcnaphan .. .. .. ■■ 5

Mr. J. BURDEN, Gardener, Barlboro' Hall, Ches-
terfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o

Mr. W. HUNTER, Foreman, Barlboro' Hal', Ches-
terfield o

CECIL G. S. FOLJAMBE, Esq., M.P., Kirkham

Abbey, York I

Mr. 13. ASHTON, The Gardens, Kiikham Abbey .. o
A Friend, Ealing .. .. .. .. .. o

Mr. J. MOON, The Gardens, Mark Hall, Harlow,

t s,ex o

Per G. MERRETT, Gardener, Kiraplon Hco,

Welwyn .. . .. .. .. .. .. o

YOUNG MEN in The Gir.iens. D.ver House, Roe-

hampton,/>fr Mr. FORBES o

T. H. OAKES, Esq z

Mr. I. WARD, Gardener. Riddings House, Alfreton,

D;:bishi.e, loi , and YOUNG MEN in the

Gardens, 5'. .. .. .. .. .. .. o

THE GARDENERS, Ashby St. Ledgers Lodge,

Ruj>by .. .. .. .. .. .. .. o

YOUNG .MEN in the Gardens, Bajners, Penn,

Ain'rs'iam .. .. .. .. .. .. o

YOUNG MtN in the Royal Horticultural Society's

Ga'dens, Chiswick .. .. o

Mr. J NO. GARDNER. El^h^m Hall Gaidens,

BriEg o

A. SMIIH and A. TURNER, The Bothy, Hendie

Gardens, Monmouth .. .. .. .. .. o

T. "

r °

T. LESLIE, The Gardens, Ardarroch, Dumbarlon-

THE BOTHY MEN, The Gardens', A.darroch,

Dumbartonshire
TWO U.VUKR GARDENERS, Idsworlh Paik ..
THE BOTHY MEN, The Gardens, Cannon Hall,

Barnsley

JOSHUA SAUNDERS, Esq. Sutton House, Clifton,

Bristol

5 o

7 6

12 o

17 6

2 O

15 o

10 o

7 6

10 6

5 o

5 o

0 o

S o

5 "

2 O

7 6

1 o

Cll 19 6

Brought forward £,^7 t9 6

Pey Mr. DANIELLP, Swyncombe Gardens, Henley-
on-Thames 2r36

Per Mr. F. THORNE, The Gardens, Asbgrove,

Sevenoaks .. .. .. .. ■• ..186

R. K. HODGSON, Esq 5 S o

G. A. FELLOWS, Gardener, Elmhurst, Batheaslon,

Bath 036

J. NEIGHBOUR, Sen., Kickley Park, Kent .. o 10 6

J. NEIGHBOUR. Jun., Bickley I'ark, Kent ..026

NEMO o .■; o

C. TEA, The Gardens, Ilaverholme Priory, Sleafcrd o 10 o
J. COWARD and A. OLLERHEAD, The Bothy,

Havei holme Pi iory, Sleaford 050

J. WATMORE, Gardener. Grovelands. Soutbgate .. o to 6
A FRIEND. Souihgate, ;(<•;•;. WATMORE .. i i o

/>«»- F. THOMSON, The Gardens, Norman Court,

Dean, near Salisbury I 13 o

PerUi. EDWARDi, The Gardens, Babraham Hall,

Cambridge . . . . . . 20 o o

Collected by Mr. N. F. FULLER, Idsworth Gardens,

Horcdean. at a Meeting of the Committee of the

Havant Chrysanthemum Society .. .. . . o 16 6

Mr. LOCK. Havant 026

Mr. ARTER, Havant 05°

Mr. SUTER, Havant 026

Collected in Boxes at Messrs. CUTBUSH AND SON'S

Chrvsanthemum Khr>w at Higheale .. ..660

Collected by EMPLOYE 3 at the Highgate Nurseries t i o

ANONYMOUS 030

Mr J. B. KENDALL, Templcton Gardens, Roe-

hampton, S.W o to 6

YOUNG MEN in the Templeton Gardens, Roe-

hampton, S.W. .. .. . .. .. ..040

PcrUr. RAHLEY.of Bedford Hill House, Balham . 7 13 o
The GARDENERS at the Zoological Society's

Gardens Regent's Park, /<■>■ J. YOUNG .. i i o

F. N. ADKIN, E!q , Tower House, Belmont Grove,

Lee, S.E. o 10 6

Mr. A. WISEMAN and the BOTHY MEN, Syon

House Gardens. Brentford o 13 o

Mr .1. BOWERMAN, The Gardens, Hackwood

Park. Basingstoke .. .. o lo o

THE GARDENERS at the Royal Gardens, Kew,

/<!r Mr. W. WATSON 200

Mr. E. SEMPER, The Gardens, Hes^lewood, near

Hull 026

Mr C. OSMAN, S. M- D. Scho.ils, Sutton, Surrey 050
Mr. P.. RVERLEIGH, Gardener, is. (d., and TWO

UNDER GARDENERS, 2:, The Garden.', The

Cottage. Stoke. Coventry 046

Fir Mr. B. GREENFIELD, Pri'.ty Gardens,

Warwick 5 to o

Fn-W W. WARD. Longford Castle Gardens, Salis-

Ijury 10 o o

R. E THOMSON, E-q., Petham, near Canterbury i i o
Per W. STEVENS, The Gardens, Walton Grange,

Sraff' I 10 o

A"- THOMAS GALE, The Gardens, Thorpe Perrow t 17 6

G. W. U 050

Mr. J. MITCHELT , Gardener, ^s., and TWO MEN
in the Bothy, The Gardens, Ncwmains, Lanark-
shire, 2.r, . . .. .. .. ., .. ..060

Per THOMAS PARSON. The Gardens, Garboldis-

ham Manor, E ist Harling. Norfolk .. . . o ro o

Mr. W. El.PHlNSTONE, The Garden.-, Shipley

HaP. Derby t i o

/n6 iS 6

Brought forward .£116 iS 6

C. TERRY, 55.; R. HEMSTOCK, 2.'. id.; W.

NICHOLLS, js- td. : G. HOLMES, at. 6rf. ;

W. MITCHELL, 21.; H. B.-iCON, is. id.—

Young Men in the Bothy at Shipley Hall .. o 17 o

Mr. W. S. BISSETT, MonctiefTe Gardens, Bridge of

Earn, N.B o 10 o

FOREMAN andYOUNG MEN inMoncrieffeGardens o 10 o
Y'OUNG MEN in the BOTHY at Lambton Castle

Gardens, Fencehouses o 10 o

G. HARRIS. Gardener 016

Mr. J. LYE, The Gardens, Cljffe Hall, Market

L^vington .. .. .. .. .. ..036

JOHN MACLEAN, Anchenames Gardens, Ayrshire 026
DUGALD MACLARDY, Achenames, Ayrshire ..010
ROBERT POLLOCK, Overtou Gardens, West Kil-
bride, Ayrshire . . .. .. .. .. ..026

Mr. G. NEIGHBOUR, at, Oxford Square, Hyde

Park .. .. 040

Mr. A. HENDERSON, The Gardens, Thoiesby

Park. OHeiton, Newark i i o

FOUR VOUNG MEN, in the Gardens, Thoresby

Park 066

Mr. J. GORE, The Gardens, Glenleigh, Hastines ..050
Mr. CLIFT, 60, William Street, Cheetham Hiil,

Manchester .. .. .. .. .. .. o o

Mr. H. PRATT, The Lodge Gardens. A-h'.on-on-
Mersey, Cheshire, 51 , ard an UNDER GAR-
DENER, u 060

Mr. W. PEACHEY, Quaio Lodge, Loughborough.. 070

Per A. HOPKINS, The Gardens, Pishobury Park,
Sawbridgeworlh ; —

A. CALDECOTT, Esq , Pishcbury i i o

Miss SIMS, Hu'obard's Hall 050

J. and S. PROUT. Roselar.ds 110

W. BARNARD, Esq., Sawbridgeworth .. .. i i o

The Misses WRIGHT, Harlow 026

Dr. BRICKWELL, Sen.. Sawbridgeworlh .. .. o : 6

F. CLARKE, ics , FIVE YOUNG MEN; 51., Lcw-

ther Castle Gardens o 15 o

Pet Mr. UDALE, Shireclilfe Hall Gardens, Sheffield : —

H. E. WATSON, Esq.. ShireclifTe Hall .. .. i i o

Mr. T. B. HAGUE, Upcerlhorpe 026

Mr. NEWSHAM. Heeley 020

Mr. BLACKBURN .. .. ' 020

ID 026

W. B. ESAM, Broom Hall o 10 o

J.BARBER 030

THOS. BAKER 050

H. D 026

F. LOM AS. Shirtclilfe Hall Gardens 020

J RANSFORD „ „ 020

T.METCALFE „ ,, 020

T. M. ,, „ o I o

W. P o I o

T. W 010

A FRIEND ..026

V/. A. PORTER, Luchic Gardens, North Eciwick i i o

I. W., Gordon Casile Gardens i r o

Mr. A. LANF, Ford Place, Thelfoid 026

Mr. J. MULLINS, Pavetham. Beamlnster, Dors, t 026
The li.arden Committee of the The Clifton Zoological

Gardens,/f>-JOSHUA SAUNDERS, Esq. ..110

£133 8 0

The above sum, £133 8s. has been haiided over to the Secretary of the Institution ; all further
sums subscribed will come into next year's list. No Donations can be published in this List e.xcepting
those sent direct to Dr MASTERS or W. RICHARDS. The last List will be published next week,
December 27, after which all Donations will be acknowledged in the usual way.

The follo'wing

Pe- Mr. W. OSBORN, Fola Island, Qucenstown :—
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Esq., Cork .. .. £■> to

Mr. vv. OSHORN, Fola Island o to

Mr. W. SMITH.I do 02

Mr. J. 'I'CALLAGHAN, do 01

Mr. E. BARRY, d.i 01

Mr. C. BENNETT, lieanoiigh 05

Donations have been received since December 16 : —

Mr. BLEARS. The Gardens, Harewood House ..Co 3 o

o Mr. THOM-.ON, do 026

o Mr. FORD. do 026

6 Mr CAMM, do 020

o Mr. WOOD, do 020

..£066

030

.050

. 2 10 o

.050

PerUr. JOHN H. MASON, Princes Park, Liver-

p^ol : —
FOREMAN and UNDER GARDENERS, do. ..07
Mr. C. BURTON. Gardener, do. ..05

Mr. J. H. MASON, do. .. 010

° Mr. C DUMPER, The tijrjens, Woiksop Manor,

Notts 026

Mr. A. BEST, do 026

Mr C TURNER, Mostyn Hall Gardens, Mostyn

Quay. Flmtshire 026

° The UNDER GARDENERS, do 050

° Mr. J. SQUIBBS, Rooksnest, Godslonc .. .. o 10 o

" Mr. J. BROWN. Bentwortb. Alton o 10 o

Pro'essor CHARLES BABINGTON, Cambridge .. 10 to o

BOTHY MEN, Ashridge Garden!

BOTHY MEN, Frith^den Gardens ..

Mr. E. EASr. Little Gaddesden Hou-e Gardens

Hon. A. TALBOT. Little Giddesden House ..

Miss HALSEV, Little Gaddesden

Mr. P. KINGSWOOD, M.arian Lodge G.arderis

Mrs. DENNISON. Marian Lodge o 10 o

W. B. GREES FIELD, Esq., Beechwood .. .. i i o

THE GARDENERS, Beechwood 050

Mr H. FOI.KES, Gaddcsden Place Gardens ..026

Mr. D. KEEN, Stocks Gardens, Aldbury .. ..026

THREE BOTHY MEN .at The Gardens, Shorchan
Place, Sevenoaks

Per Mr. J. FOWLER, The Gardens, Harewood
House. Leeds ; —

Mr. J. FOV.'LER, do

Mr. HORNR, do

M-. CRUICKSHANK, do

rer R. B. LOWE, Ashridge Park Gaidens, Great

Berkhampstead :—
Mr. B. B. LOWE, do. .. .. o lo

Mr J HAINSWORTH, Friihsdcn Gardens.. .. 010

Per Mr. W. EDWARDS, Babraham Hall :-

Mr. W. HtJOPER. Gardener, Dullingham House,

Newmarket .. .. .. .. .. ..050

Mr. KNIGHT, Babraham 026

Mr. JESSE FAULK, Htuiterc3rabe, Maidenhead .. 050

December 20, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-.

lis

WEBBS'

' ' UNIQUE

Novelties

Of sterling Merit.

PEA— Webbs' New Wordsley Wonder,

The unparalleled quali'.iesof ihisnew Peaarc verified
by the ounierous lestimoniats we hive received in
its favour from the principal auihoriiies.

PEA— Webbs' Kew Stourbridge Marrow.

A grand new second e:\rly Pea, suitable for exhibi-
tion or general purposes.

BROAD BEAN— Webb's Kiriver Mammoth

Longpod. Kxc^eJin^lv early, an enormous crop-
per, and of excellent quality.

BRUSSELS SPROUTS-Webbs' Match-

less. Early and robust, producing a profusion of
cimpact sprouts, which are tender and of superior
flivour.

BROCCOLI-Webbs' New Autumn White

A new and distinct kind> of dwarf habit ; very
hardy.

SAVOY-Webbs' Little Wonder.

This splendid dwarf variety is distinct from and
superior to all others.

CABBAGE— Webbs' Emperor.

A rapid erowcr, very hardy and early, with c'ose
compact heads.

CAULIFLOWER-Webbs' Early Mam-

moth. A very compact variety, of exceptional
merit, with large, firm, snowy-whiie head?.

CUCUMBER-Webbs' Perpetual Bearer.

Very free bearing ; fruit uniformly handsome in
shape and of large size.

CELERY-Webbs' Mammoth Red.

Solid, crisp, and possessing an excellent nutty
flivour.

LEEK-Webbs' New Colossal.

A distinct and choice variety, of rapid growth and
large size.

LETTUCE-Webbs' New Summerhill.

A splendid, distinct Cabbage Lettuce, the very
best for sunrimer use.

LETTUCE-Webbs' New Wordsley Gem.

A new cxtia eaily Cos variety, of grand fl .vour.

MELON— Webbs' Pride ot Stourbridge.

A scarlei-fleshed variety, of handsome shape and
splendid quality, specially suitable for exhibition.

MELON-Webbs' Woodfield.

The best green-fleshed Melon; of exqusite flavour.

ONION— Webbs' Improved Banbury.

Amost handsome kind, of mildflavour; good keeper.

TOMATO-Webbs' Early Dwarf Red.

Very proU5c, of large size, excellent in shape and
quality.

For Prices and CertiEcatss of Quality from tlie
Principal Authorities see

WEBBS'

NOW READY.
PosWrae 13.-Grat'.3 to Castomera.

WEBB & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

SEEDSMK.IT BY ROY.AX. WAgBANT

to II 111. the QueoD, after bavins baen honoured

wltn Hor Majesty's commands for thirty

consecutive years.

C.\LL Sl'ECIAt. ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING

VALUABLE NOVELTIES

OFFERED BY THEM

FOR THE FIRST TIME.

OUSERVE ^^^^5

THIS TRADE MARK ^i^^jji
ON
EVERY PACKET.

NEW BROCCOLI.

SUTTON'S WINTER MAMMOTH.

Peifectly distinct, very hardy, with exceedingly large and
white lieads of perfect quality.

NEW CABBAGS.

SUTTON'S FLOWER OFSPRING

A very uniqae variety, dw.'i.rf and compact in habit, few
outer leaves, a fiim heart, excellent in quality. Siands well
throush the winter without any tendency to run to seed.

NEW CABROT.

SUTTON'S EARLY GEM.

Entirely new and distinct. Valuable alike for the table
and for exhibiting. Qia'.iiy excellent, flssh very lender,
wiih an almost eniire ab ence of core.

NEW PEA.

SUTTON'S SATISFACTION.

The most robust medium-croppirg Pea tbn has come
under our notice ; unsurpassed in productiveness. Pess re-
markably large, sometimes as many as ten in a pod, sweet
and delicate in flavour.

NSW RADISH.

SUTTON'S EARLIEST FRAME.

Earlier and of betttr shape than the old frame variety ;
matures very quickly, of rich ciimson colour, very crisp and
sweet, and valuable for forcing.

SUTTON'S

SPECIAL LIST of NOVELTIES,

Gratis and Post-free on application.

I I

Royal Berks Seed Establishment,

READING.

NEW TOJilA-TOS.

SUTTON'S CHISWICK RED.

First-class Certificate R.H.S., Aug. 30. 1883.

A remarkably prolific variety, of strikingly handsome

appearance during growth ; fruit oval in shape, produced in

clu>ters, peifectly smooth, of bright red colour, and e.xctllent

in llivour.

SUTTON'S MAINCROP.

Large, and very distinct. Fruit large, thickly set on
the plant, bright red colour ; flesh solid, and of fine flavour.

NEW POTATOS.

SUTTON'S EARLY ECLIPSE.

A white round variety, especially valuable for fotclrg ;
of excellent quality. I

SUTTON'S READING RUBY.

A sp'endid new ruby-purple Pctatr, of beautiful shape,
jmcKHh skin, perfectly white firm flesh, and one of the best
cooking varieties known.

For prices and full particulars of the above and other
choice varieties of Vegetables, Flowers, and
Potatos, see
I „

^•~isO

rc^*-

THE

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1S84.

BITTON.

A RUN to Clifton and Bristol in the late
autumn for purposes other than horticul-
tural gave me a day to dispose of which I
thought I could not turn to better account
than by spending it with my old friend, Canon
EUacombe, and by visiting his garden. The
garden at Bitton stands quite alone in one
respect. I refer to the great lenglli of time
during which it has been watched over and
loved. And perhaps nothing more tells upon
a garden than this does. There is nothing
there which has not been fully put to the test,
and plants and trees and shrubs are established
in a way which admits of no doubt at all. This
gives a great value to every specimen that is
met with there, and confers a gre.it beauty
on the place. The aged and honoured
gardener, who still presides over a parish in
Devonshire, came first of all to Bitton in the
year 1S17, and there he lived and worked till
the year 1S50. He laid down the lines on
which his son has gone ever since, and the im-
press of his devotion to horticulture is still
plainly visible. Funkias, Irises, Yuccas, Saxi-
Ir.-iges, Roses, and many other things, are cither
the identical plants which he brought to Bilton
many yearj ago, or their lineal descendants.
A Cedar tree overshadows the lawn which
Mr. EUacombe, sen., handled and planted
himself, and a splendid Salisburia and Fern-
leaved Beech have kept company with it, and
have grown up together in constant reminder
of him.

The Vicarage garden at Bitton is veiy largely
helped by the most pleasant accessories. The
church stands just where it ought to stand to be
seen to the best advantage, and it seems to bind
the garden to it and itself to the garden. The
tower of Bitton Church cannot fail to be ad-
mired. The foundation of the church was, I
believe, laid in pre-Norman times, and it has
been altered and added to over and over again,
so that now it partakes of several different
styles. The great length of the nave is at pre-
sent one of its distinguishing features. Canon
EUacombe, as all your readers know, has largely
entered into all his father's interests and work.
I was once told by a leading nurseryman near
London, that his best customers by far are country
clergymen, and the impolite reason which he
gave for it, "He supposed they had nothing
else to do but to attend to their gardens." 1
don't think he would say that if he were to pay a
visit to Bitton ; but be this as it may the present
vicar has all sorts of irons in the fire — while
his garden does not hold the last place in his
affections. What I should venture to say about
his proceedings, first of all, is that he knows
exactly what not to do, and there is nothing
more important than this for a grrdener to h t
upon.

Not a few of the devotees of Flora wou'd
drive away at Bitton in all sorts of direc-
tions. Some would insist on growing Caj-c
bulbs there to a large extent, and break their
hearts over innumerable failures. Others would

776

THE G A R D E N E RS' CH R O NI CL .

[December 20, 1S84,

go in specially for alpine plants, and then,
because of the comparatively low level of the
garden and its dampness in winter, they would
be surprised with the smallness of the results
they arrive at. Canon Ellacombe has not spent
his strength on either one or the other of these
two courses. Some few Cape bulbs he has tried
and succeeded with, e.g., Sparaxis pulcherinia
had its waving arch there last year in extra-
ordinary beauty ; some alpine plants have
come to his hands, and they seem to be con-
tented with their lot, e.g., that gem of all gems,
Omphalodes Lucilia;, has often done well with
him, and it lives for a long time if it is left alone
by the slugs : but as a rule the Vicarage garden
at Bitton is famous for a splendid collection of
shrubs and herbaceous plants more than any-
thing else, and these have all that they can
desire there given to them in excess. The soil
is a deep alluvial loam, with a gravel founda-
tion ; it never dries up in the summer, and
there is depth enough in it for roots to go
deeply down and to take a vigorous hold.
Here shrubs are to be met with which, save in
the nursery grounds of Messrs. Veitch at
Coombe Wood, I have never seen anywhere
else, and they show that years have passed over
them — they are happy and strong. A speci-
men of Abutilon vitifolium is, I expect, one of
the best in the couniry ; it grows against
the side of the house, and, from Mr.
Ellacombe's account of it, when it is
covered all over with its innumerable pale
blue blossoms, it must be very attractive
indeed. Mahonia trifoliata is also one of his
favourites. Parrottiapersica was splendid when
I saw it the other day — no garden that can
hold it should ever be without this shrub — the
yellow and vermilion of its leaves in the autumn
are unlike anything else. Their charm is in
dying. Exochorda grandiflora, on the other
hand, is beautiful in the early spring ; and
Choisya ternata (which I esteem to be the best
shrub of all we have) keeps pice with it, and
Ceanothus of different sorts soon follow on.
Magnolias flourish well in this garden. For-
sythia suspensa covers the wall of the house
with its starry blossoms of gold ; and Heaths
and Bamboos are to be met with in this gar-
den of many varying kinds. But the list would
be far too long for me to give. Rhododen-
drons, Azaleas and Kalmias are conspicuous
by their absence because the soil does not suit
them. Trees and shrubs have been brought
together here with amazing assiduity and skill,
and well do they repay the owner for his
trouble.

On a kind of border line between shrubs and
plants may be placed a very fine collection of
the different species of Roses. Mr. G Paul is
working at this, and he has great facilities for it
at Broxbourne ; but with that exception. Dr.
Lindley's Monog>-aph of Roses is, so far as I
know, better illustrated at Bitton than any-
where else. Canon Ellacombe's list includes
Rosa Brunoniana, Macartney, lucida, macro-
phylla, rubrifolia, anemon:i2flora, simplicifolia,
multiflora, rugnsa, nivea, Yi rk and Lancaster,
and many others. He has not yet succeeded
with Rosa berberifolia, but he has not given up
the hope of being able to manage it.

Herbaceous plants have been for years at
home in this garden in large numbers, and it is
scarcely necessary to give the names of many
which may be taken for granted. Cyclamen
hederaefolium album is one of Mr. Ellacombe's
favourites in the autumn months, and it would
be difficult to name a much prettier little flower
than it is at that time of the year. Oxalis
lobata is a glittering little thing in August and
September, but the pride of the whole place for
several years last past has been Exogonium
purga. This beautiful climber is grown over a
trellis, which spreads out at the top fan-wise,
and it is suited exactly. Senecio pulcher
and Hedychium Gardnerianum were a short

time ago in close proximity to it, and all three
plants were in blossom together. Doubtless,
however, if Bitton is to be seen at its best, it
should be visited in the spring. Countless
Narcissi, and some very rare ones, such as N.
cemuus fl.-pl , load the air with their fragrance,
and Fritillarias, Trilliums, Anemones, Scillas,
and such-like may be counted by hundreds.
A little later on in the year the American Cypri-
pediums and Irises come to the front, and so
the circle goes round. I saw two things the
other day which may, perhaps, be worth just a
passing notice— one of them amused me ex-
ceedingly, and I was amazed with the other.
The amusement was this :— For many years
last past Mr. Ellacombe has carefully noticed
that birds do not build in his fine Wellingtonia.
He has looked into it and taken notice of it
times without number, and so at last he gave
his experience to his friends and his comments
upon it. The rule was considered absolute,
and one and another of them at once expressed
opinions about it, and accounted for the dislike
which birds have to the tree, but no sooner was
this done, and treasures of wisdom were poured
over a matter which was regarded as proven,
than a pair of thrushes, in search for a place
where they could build their nest, pitched on
this identical tree ; twig was added to twig, the
nest was successfully made, and not only so,
but the eggs were laid in it, and their young
were reared in it, in utter despite of everything
that had been strongly said to the contrary.
When I saw the empty nest which had been used
to such good purpose, it seemed to me to furnish
a kind of parable in Nature of which the moral
would be this— we ought to be perfectly sure
that our generalisations are not incomplete
before a conclusion is drawn from them.
Because Mr. Ellacombe had noticed for twenty-
five years running that no birds ever built in
his fine Wellingtonia neither he nor any one
else was at liberty to declare that they would
not build in it in the twenty-sixth year. It was
some such thing as this which really took
place. But if this was amusing something else
was amazing. I have often heard of mimicry
both in things animate and inanimate, and the
moth which hides the colour on its wings and rolls
itself up so as to look like a brown clod upon the
ground seems to be gifted with reason, but never
before I went to Bitton this year could I have
believed that a Violet could so lose sight of its
distinguishing characteristics as to emulate the
appearance of a crested Fern : and yet this I saw,
or thought that I saw, with my own eyes. All
sense of modesty had disappeared from the
Violet. It was growing amidst Ferns that were
crested, and so it became crested as well. I
told this to a friend who takes an interest in
such things, and he said politely, at once, that
he was quite unable to believe it. In his eyes
a sort o( miniature miracle was so impossible
that no amount of testimony could make him
receive it. 1 can only say I do believe it be-
cause I saw it, or, if it must be so, I thought
that I saw it, with my own eyes.

I will not trouble you with much more about
Bitton just now, though much more might
be said about it. A pleasant custom has
prevailed there, such as is seen at Osborne to
a large extent, of planting memorial trees and
shrubs when any event of importance has hap-
pened ; and many of them which are now of
some interest are dotted about all over the
place. Suffice it to say that the work, which
was began by the father, has been most worthily
carried on by the son ; and it is only to be
hoped that in the future which is before us all
the Vicarage garden at Bitton will never fall
into the hands of some Philistine who will not
know how to set a value on the treasures it
contains, but that it will always receive in some
measure the attention which it deserves, and
continue to be from generation to generation a
household word with those who have a love for
what is beautiful, at least. A Wanderer.

m laijda llbnt^.

CVPRIPEDIL'M SPICERI.\XUM.
I WAS most agreeably surprised on seeing two fine
inflorescences of Cypripediura Spicerianum bearing
two flowers each, the flowers belonging to the best
and finest coloured strain. They were kindly lot-
warded by Mr. E. H. Adcock, Mount Adore Park,
Lordship Lane, Dulwich. It is to be hoped that the
plant may continue to produce double-flowered inflor-
escences, as Cypripedium barbatum does generally.
There were three t*in inflorescences on this plant,
and no one-flowered ones, as I hear from Mr,
Adcock's letter. //. G. Kchb.f.

Calanthe Regneriana fausta, «. var.
A very fine varieiy, boasting the darkest warmest
purple colour, both (or the column (except the back)
and base of the lip, where it forms a three-lohed fine
blotch. It is excellent, and all flowers of Calanthe
Regneriana I obtained being constant in the very
abbreviate mid-lacinia. I regard it now as a species
near, but disiinct from, Calanthe Turneri. I am
indebted lor this novel beauty to Mr. B. S. Williams,
our Orchid patriarch. H. G. Rchb. f.

ODONTOGrOSSUM MtRANDUM BREVE, K. var,

A fresh varieiy with unusually short flowers and
fine colour. The purple-brown continuous blotches
on sepals and petals are very conspicuous. The disc
of ihe anterior part of ihe lip has a certain flush of
sepii on ihe just noted brown. I had this novelty
from Dr. Wallace, New Bulb Company, Colcheste*.
H. G. Rchb. f.

A TROPICAL WILD GARDEN.

{Continued front p. 755 )

CoKERITES AND Clusias— The great features of
the place are the Cokerite Palms (Maximiliana Mar-
tiana, Karst.). and these are, as far as my experience
goes, the most magnificently stately plants in the
world. Other Palms and other plants are exquisilel/
beautiful — some in one, some in other of a thousand
ways ; but none, it seems to me, equals the Cokerite
in its stately grandeur. Even in its young stale the
splendid mark of its nobleness is upon it, as is appa-
rent in the group of three young examples, as yet
unstemmed, but standing 30 feet high ; and in
their old age they are yet more magnificent. Then
their splendid crowns of plumed leafage surmount
stems which stand either bare and unclothed in
their massive strenglh, or are densely clothed
throughout their length with the persistent leaf-sialks.
And when the leaf-stalks are thus persistent they afford
roothold for innumerable Ferns, Figs, and other such
growths, which add a further grace to the stately
beauty of the Palms. In this same avenue the
example in the centre affords quite the best illus-
tration known to me of the regular arrangement of
the leaves on (he Palm stems.

One notable day I saw this same avenue in most
unusual and undesirable grandeur. Fire had spread
from some weed-heaps, had spread up the trash
clothing Ihe stems of the Cokerites, and was sending
up its flames, when the roaring sound attracted me
from a distance, rushing wildly along over the tops
of my tallest Palms. A curious sort of comedy
was woven into the tragedy of the incident.
It happened that at the time, as a Justice o( the
Peace, I was taking depositions in a case of murder,
but the avenue being in flames, prisoner, constables,
witnesses, and all others were pressed into the service
of arrest, as far as might be, of the threatened destruc-
tion. By cutting down, not without danger, all flam-
ing as it was, one of ihe tallest Palms, a gap was
made, beyond which the flames did not pass. The
vitality of these Palms was well illustrated on this
occasion, for though many of the Cokerites had all
the trash clothing their stems burned to charcoal they
soon recovered, and now no longer show any signs of
the fire.

In another way the Cokerites, and, indeed, most
of the other Palms, gain a new and beautiful aspect,
by Ihe growth over them of Clusias and Figs.
A group of Maximiliana is made very beautiful in
this way. The Clusia in this case (for there are

December 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Ill

innumerable different species about the place) is one
with a leaf about the size of that of a Laurel, but very
dark in colour and much more round, and has a waxy-
white flower, just touched with palest pink, of the
size, and, to write very roughly, the appearance of a
large single white Poet's Narcissus. It is very beau-
tiful and useful as a cut tlowei, if only care be taken
not to touch the petals, as you gather, either with
lingers or anything else, for each spot touched turns
almost at once to an ugly brown colour.

In one of the photographs sent the stem of a Cokeritc
is shown, surrounded, and now almost choked, by the
encircling root-like stems of the Clusia. Many a stately
Palm has aftixed to it — high up, perhaps, and near its
crown — a tiny sticky Clusia seed (birds are very fond
of them and carry them far and wide), which pre-
sently becomes a small plant, then grows larger, and
in time sends its treacherous root-stems creeping
down along the trunk of the Palm, till they reach
the earth and their take root. ^Vhen once the as yet
insigniticant Clusia has struck its roots into the ground
it increases rapidly, and swells its stem-roots, which
encircle the Palm-trunk and hug this closely and
closer until they choke and kill the Palm. In such a
case, people in this colony say, it is a Scotchman
choking a Creole, or an attorney choking his client ;
for Scotchmen and attornies here, as elsewhere, are
reported to be good business men— in their own
businesses. To turn to a more practical point in the
history of this beautiful but murderous Clusia, I have
never been able to ascertain whether or not the
Clusia, having encircled and crushed to death its
Palm, necessarily falls and dies with its former host
and support ; at least, I cannot recall a single in-
stance in which I have seen a Clusia remain erect
and living long after the death of its Palm.

Also in this photograph it is worth noticing,
half seen on the extreme left, an enormous clump,
8 feet high, of an Orchid, an Oocidium, of which
I have never been able to identify the species. I
found it forming, as it were, an island of itself in the
waters of a lake not far from here ; and cut it (of
course it was really established on the remains of a
tiee-stump), and brought it home, not without con-
siderable trouble. In April in each year it bears
some forty or fifty spikes, each 5 feet long, of in*
numerable buff-coloured flowers {somewhat in the
habit of O. altissimum), with most delicate and
delicious Hawthorn-like scent.

On the right in this picture too, is a turtle-pen in
which, with a very small amount of trouble, a con-
stant supply of turtles — or rather tortoises (Testudo
tabulata), are kept as a most useful supply for the
table.

Prickly Palms. — After the Maximitianas the
most striking plants here are the Astrocaryums of
various species, all impressively marked by their
savage armature of prickles. In the second picture
of this series the stem of one, an Acqueeroo (Astro-
caryum tucuma, Martius) was well shown. In this
the prickles, or rather spines, are often 3 or 4 inches
long, flat, and terribly sharp. A story is told of a
missionary's wife who, for pure economy, used these
spines in place of pins'for her dress ; and it is a fact
that in some of the West Indian islands these spines
are used as the most apt needles for sowing ma-
trasses. In one of the photographs is shown a
beautiful group of another species, the Awarra (A.
tucumoides, Drude), on the dense dark leaves of
which the many wild doves about here love to make
their nests. The fruits of all the species of this
section of the genus Astrocaryum are much relished
by Indians, who come from afar and ask to be allowed
to pick up the fruits on this hill, famous for their
production. In this I am more lucky than a not very
distant neighbour of mine, who, having but one
Astrocaryum growing on his hill, bought a basket of
the fruit for his birds, and then found that the fruit
was from his own tree, which had been cut down to
bring the bearing within reach.

Lastly, not that it is a prickly Palm, but because
there has been no other opportunity of introducing
it, there is shown my finest group of .Eta Palms
(Mauritia flexuosa, Linn.) growing among the
Bamboos at the river-side. It is, almost, an only
native fan- leaved Palms, and is distinguishable as
probably of as varied uses as any plant in existence.
In proof of this last assertion, I venture to quote from
elsewhere some words of my own :^

" The leaves of the Xxa are occasionally, but not very
frequently used as thatch ; but this only, as far as 1
know, by the Macoosis. The young leaves, jubt before

they expand from the early spike-like form in which they
develope, are shaken till the leaflets fall apart ; these
leaflets are then cut off from the leaf-stalks, gathered into
small bundles, and laid on, as thickly as possible, much
as straw is used for thatching in England.

"A more important product is the tibre, which is also
obtaint'd from the young, spike-Hke leaves. Each leaf-
let is detaclicd and treated simply. A sharp dextrous
rub with the tingers at the top detaches the outer skin,
wliicli is then entirely torn away. This outer skin forms
the tibre ; the rest is waste. The fibre is boiled, dried
in the sun, and twisted, on the naked thigh, into string.
Leaves from the younger plants are preferred for this
purpose, those from older examples giving, it is said, a
a fibre wanting in durability. The string is used chiefly
for making those most necessary of all Indian properties,
hammocks, and is used for tliis purpose by the
Arawaks and Warraus, who, liowever, make their ham-
mocks in two difterent ways. Eleven or twelve full-
sized leaves yield an amount of fibre sufficient for the
largest hammock. The string, called tibiseri by the
Arawaks, is occasionally, but seldom, used for other
purposes also,

"I have elsewhere pointed out that the preparation
of string or thread, by thigh-twisting, from the fibre of
the ^'Eta Palm seems to have been the characteristic of
the .Arawaks, Warraus, and possibly of other ' native
tribes ' of Guiana, just as the preparation of string or
thread by spinning, from cotton fibre, seems to have
been characteristic of all the Carib or ' stranger ' tribes.*
"As the leaflets, so the leaf-stalk, which, when dried,
is extremely light and buoyant, is turned to a variety of
uses. It is used by the Warraus and the few Creole
squatters toward the mouth of the Orinoco for the shafts
of the harpoons with which they capture fish, and espe-
cially manatees. The leaf-stalks are also placed side by
side to form walls and partitions in houses by the
Creoles of the colony. The Macoosis occasion-
ally raise three or four of the parallel fibres from
the outer skin for a distance of about 3 feet, their
ends being left attached ; those fibres are kept away
from the main leaf-stalk by a bridge, like that of a
violin, inserted under them at each end ; and the whole
is then fastened upright on the tops of the house, where
the wind playing through the strings produces a very
musical sound, like that from an .Kolian harp. Sandals
are cut by the Macoosis and Arecoonas, who have to
walk much on the often stoney savannahs of their dis-
tricts, from the tough outer part of the sheathing part of
the leaf-stalk ; and the strings which fasten these sandals
on the feet are procured, as above described, from the
leaflets of the same Itaf. The pith of the leaf-stalk, tough
and durable, is cut up and used in various ways ; cut
into long lath-like strips, which are then fastened side by
side like the laths of a ' Venetian blind,' it is made into
very effective canoe sails. Smaller strips are made by
the Creoles into neat and often elaborate birdcages.
Stoppers for bottles are cnt from the same substance.

"The pith of the trunk itself is used by the Warraus
as Farine or Sago, and a tree having been cut down for
this last purpose, a liquor much appreciated by the
Indians, and really very palatable, is obtained from it in
the following way : — A hollow is scooped in the upper-
most part of the stem as it lies prone, which hollow,
having been protected from the sun by a covering of
leaves, is found after a few hours to be full of sap, which
presently ferments and forms a pleasant drink. It is
said that sugar is occasionally prepared by the Indians
from this sap. Moreover, when the felled tree begins to
decay, the very large grubs of a beetle (Calandra) are
found abundantly in the pith, and are greedily eaten by
the Indiaris, and even regarded as a great delicacy by the
older colonists.

" The ' Cabbage ' of the ^la is perhaps superior to
that of any other Palm.

" The ripe fruit is largely used as food by the Indians,
who, after scraping off the Fir-cone like scales, place the
whole remaining part of the fruit in water, where, after a
few hours, the fairly abundant yellow pulp round the
seed becomes soft, in which state it is readily detached.
Pressed into small cakes, this pulp has somewhat the
flavour of rather strong cheese. A drink is also prepared
by the Indians from the ripe fruit, but I am not sure how
this is done."

G. Evcrard Im Thurtiy British Guiana. [This
article, devoted to the description of a wild garden in
British Guiana, was accompanied by a splendid series
of photographs, one of which was reproduced in our
last issue. Ed.]

A Double Lapageria rosea. — A fine doublc-
petalled bloom of good substance was sent us by
Mr. King, gardener, Waddon House, Croydon.
The flower is merely a sport from the ordinary form
of L. rosea, and has twelve well developed petals, in
lieu of the normal number, six. Now that the culture
of this plant isgenerally better understood, the growth
of abnormal blooms is frequently being drawn atten-
tion to from all parts of the country. Great clusters
of bloom and a reduplication of parts of the flowers is
often to be traced to great vigour in the plant.

' Among t/u htdians of British Guiatta, London, 1883.

HERALDIC SPRIGS AND

SPRAYS.
A FEW of the sprigs and sprays in heraldry may not,
perhaps, be out of place in a paper devoted to gar-
dening. The Rev. Hilderic Friend has just published
a worlc in two volumes, entitled Flowers and Flaiver-
/or^, which devotes due space to the use of plants in
heraldry. Among several old stories retold, and very
well told, by Mr. Friend, is that of the badges and em-
blems which have been derived from the plant world.
He mentions the Red and White Roses, the badges
of the rival houses of Lancajler and York, but he
omits the story of the origin of these fatal emblems.
The chiefs of the rival factions and some of their
adherents were in the Temple Gardens disputing
when Richard Rlantagenet, Mortimer's heir and head
of the house of York, plucked a \Vhite Rose,
saying,

" Let him that is a true-born gentleman,
.And stands upon the honour of his birth,
If he supposes that I have pleaded truth.
From oft' this Brier pluck a White Rose with inc."

The Earl of Suffolk, the chief Lancastrian present,
followed this example ; and the same dramatist —
Shakespeare, in Henry ]'I. — makes him say : —

" Let him that is no coward and no flatterer,
Hut dare maintain the party of the truth.
Pluck a Red Rose from off this Thorn with mc."

Their followers imitate the chiefs ; and the Earl of
Warwick, foreseeing the Wars of the Roses, predicts
that the feud thus commenced,

" Shall send between the Red Rose and the White
A thousand souls to death and deadly night."

Another story of the Rose relates to an old variety
known as the Crimson Perpetual, which made its
appearance in the reign of Louis XVIII., and was
accordingly named the King's Rose (Rose du Roi) ;
but at the advent of Buonaparte the proprietor of the
(lower renamed it, from policy, the Emperor's Rose
(Rose del'Empereur) ; outliving the Empire, he again
named it Rose du Roi. The Rose, of course, is
one of the badges of England, the Lily of France,
the Thistle and Shamrock of Scotland and Ireland,
the Leek is the odorous badge of Wales. On a first
of March, at a Drawing-room held by the Qaeen, the
Princess of Wales wore a bunch of Shamrock leaves,
and as the first of March is St. D.xvid's day, Her
Royal Highness also wore the Leek. The origin ol
this highly flavoured badge is as ancient as the year
640, when King Cadwallader led the Britons to
victory — St. David having contributed to their
success by his prayers and by the Leeks which the
Britons wore by his advice in their caps, enabling
them to distinguish each other in action, whereas
their enemies slew each other for want of such a dis-
tinguishing mark. The history of Scottish plant-
badges would probably unfold a wonderful record ol
public and private feuds, since we may be sure that
many chieftains of clans assumed their badges much
after the fashion of Geoffrey, Duke of Anjou, father
of Henry II., who plucked a spray of the Broom-
plant, I'larta genista, on the heath where he en-
camped before the battle, and wore the spray of
yellow blossoms in his helmet, bequeathing to his
descendants a badge and a family name.

The Violet became the badge of the Napoleons
from the accident of the Emperor remarking on his
banishment to Elba that he would return in the
Violet season. The sweetest of humble flowers thus
became the secret symbol of his friends and followers.
In the villages about Paris and elsewhere people
would ask, "Do you love the Violet ? " If the reply
was " Yes " (<"«), the answerer could hardly be
looked on as a confederate ; but if it was "Well "
{.Eh, Hen .'), then the questioner would complete his
sentence, " It will appear again in spring," referring,
of course, to the Emperor. The great man, Corporal
Violet as he was sometimes called in his absence,
was as good as his word. He re-entered the Tuileries
March 20, 1815, and his friends offered him the
flower of the season, Violets, in token of theit
joy, Louis XVIII. was replaced, and it became at

THE GARDENERS' CHROMICLE.

[t)ECF.MRER 20, iSb4.

once dangeious and seditious to sport Violets even in
the buUon-hole. Byron wrote : —

" Farewell to tliec, ?"rance ! but when liberty rallies
Once more in ihy regions, renieiiiber nie then ;
The Violet sUll grows \a the depths of thy valleys,
Though withered, thy tears will unfold it again ! "

It was a poetic fancy that linked the Violet with
the rame of Napoleon. He who rose from the rank
of a soldier of Corsica to the throne of (he Lilie?,
whose name remained a potent spell in his country
long after his death, found a fit emblem in a flower
which springs in obscuiity and long retains its per-
fume when plucked. Since 1815 the Violet dynasty
has again luled France, and on entering the little
chapel at Chislehurst one recognises the humhie
flower thickly sewn in the wreaths and among the
•'sprigs and sprays" that rest on the coffins of
Napoleon III. and his gallant son.

In Lord Beaconsfield's eloquent tribute to P.uis
after the siege and the war which banished the Violets
for the second time as the emblem of the reigning
family, he contrasted her with the "Violet City."
The Violet was the badge of Athens. A golden
Violet was one of the prizes of the floral games, and
orators would flatter the people by addressing them
as " Athenians, crowned with Vfoltts ! " It is'not
strictly an heraldic flower, since it does not appear, I
believe, upon any escutcheon ; but the Athenians and
French, it seems, have worn it on their hearts. //. E.

and hundreds of seedlings may be raised from one
cross ; at other times the entire stock may be counted
on the fingers of one hand. With the exception of
C. cardinale, which is scarce, the C. Sedeni forms
are rather plentiful. Others arc very scarce. C.
Morgania; is a fine variety, and certainly equal, if
not superior, to C. S'onei platyt:cnium. Another
scarce and handsome kind is C. Schicc leice. J. D,

MESSRS. VEITCn & SON'S
NURSERY, CHELSEA.

In a house set apart for Sarracenias and plants
allied to them were a few very interesting plants.
These hardy and half-hardy Pitcher-plants are not so
noble in appearance as the Nepenthes, but they are
certainly interesting and very quaint. Cephalotus
fullicularis seems to thrive with rare vigour. The
curious and prettily marked little pitchers, attached
to short foot-stalks, are piled up over each other to
the number of a hundred on some of the plints.
Sarracenia Wrif;Ieyana x is a very handsome hybrid
form, raised by crossing S. psittacina with S. Drum-
mondii alba; the pitchers are deep red, distinctly
veined with white, which gives the plant a very hand-
some appearance. .S. Courlii x has also deep blood-
red pitchers, deeply veined. The pitchers take a
procumbent position, while those of the first-named
variety are more erect. This is a hybrid raised in the
nursery from S. psittacina crossed with S. purpurea.
There are evidently other surprises in store for us in
this interesting class of plants, if one may judge from
the pans thickly studded with tiny seedlings, Whit
a fund of pleasurable enjoyment there must be in
watching the development of these from tiny babies
to full-grown richly chased pitcher?.

In one of the hothouses an old but seldom seen
plant is now in flower — Ruellia macrantha ; it has
large Campanula-like flowers of a reddish-purple
colour. This belongs to a class of plants easily pro-
pagated from cuttings, and it is not only distinct and
pretty, but, flowering at this season, is valuable as
giving variety amongst foliage plants. The most
conspicuous plants at present in the Orchid depart-
ment are the different forms and varieties of Cypri-
pediums o( the C. .Sedeni type. C. Sedeni itself
continues to flower during the entire year, and now
that it his been crossed and recrossed with C. longi-
folium and others there are numerous pretty varieties
to be obtained. C, albopurpureum is not quite of
the .Sedeni type, but it possesses much distinctness,
and is handsome. C. calurum is nearest the Sedeni
habit and form, and of this some handsome varieties
were observed. C. p"r|ihyreum should also be grouped
with them, I think the finest of all is C. cardinale,
which was in flower. I select these vaiielies of Cypri-
p^diums as showing distinct characlerislics, and also
iiecause of their value in making hothouses interest-
ing at this season. There are other fine hybrid Cypri-
pediums in flower at the present time, as C. cenan-
thuiii, a sort beautifully spotted with maroon and
shaded with rosy-purple on the dorsal sepal. It is
only when one carefully explores house after house in
these extensive nurseries that the full extent of the
work that has been performed in raising hybrid
Orchids of this genusalone is realised. The seedlings
of some twenty-five distinct crosses have flowered ;
the largest proportion have also received Fiist-class
Ceitilicjlcs from various societies, Sometimes scores

THE PANSY.

It goes without dispute that everybody loves
Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, and Pansies.
They form one of the most attractive quartettes in the
floral world. What a blank would be left in our
gardens by the removal of any one of them ! In this
little sketch we intend lo speak of the Pansy, and
particularly of the Belgian or fancy Pansy. It is to
Mr. John Uownie, of Edinburgh, that we are chiefly
indebted for the introduction into this country of that
class, which is so rapidly displacing the rare old show
varieties, that florists find they must now propagate
three or four times as many fancies as shows to keep
up with the demand. Since Mr. Downie's initiatory
movement, thirty years ago, thousands have entered
with spirit into the work of improving the fancy
Pansy, with the result that we have varieties to-day
so perfect that it seems almost impossible to imagine
on what lines future improvement will be run, unless
it be increasing the size. Doubtless there are some
colours which it would be desirable to obtain in the
Pansy, as there are some it would be desirable to obtain
in every other class of plants. The obtaining such will
only be achieved by continued careful selection and
cross-fertilisation, and even this may not bring about
the desired result until we make some further progress
in that most interesting of Nature's operations— the
colouring of flowers. The fancy Pansy is a more
vigorous grower than the show, and yet it has not so
hardy a nature. This may seem contradictory, but
it is nevertheless true. The show varieties are, as a
rule, short-jointed and hard, and consequently stand
a severe winter better than the fancies, which are
much softer. From planting-ont time, however, say,
in the month of April on to September, all things
bein^ equal, the fancies will grow very much more
luxuriantly than the shows ; and doubtless this has
something to do with their not keeping so well over
winter.

Growers have yet something to learn about an
ailment which very often affects Pansies about the
month of June. A sickness seems to come over the
plant, and in a very few days it droops and dies.
Some hold it to be a disease which the Pansy is liable
to at that season which cannot be cured ; others
again hold that it is the work of a very minute worm
which attacks the main root of the plant. Bolhtheories
may be so far correct. It cannot be denied but
that the small worms in question are to be found
very often in dozens surrounding the roots of a
plant that has succumbed ; but whether they have
been the first cause of the mischief, or only attracted
to the plant becavise it was in a sickly condition, it is
difficidt to say. A fact which almost seems to prove
that the work of destruction is the doings of vermin
is the following :— Pansies are not, as a rule, affected
with the so-called disease in new ground. This has
been repeatedly proved, so that growers would do
well to see to it that they plant their Pansies in the
freshest piece of ground they have.

Pansies seem to be "clean feeders," and
the more nearly we can approach the conditions
in which they grow best naturally the more cer-
tain arc we to succeed. Here comes in the
question of !.hadc. To get good blooms during
the months of Aptil anrl May it is not neces-
sary that the plants be shidcd, because during these
months, though the sun be bright it is never scorching.
Nature teaches us this lesson. We usually find wild
Violets growing best at the root of hedges, and is it not
during the early spring months, before the hedges get
thick and green, that they arc exposed lo the full sun ?
Protection from very heavy r.ains is always necessary
to save blooms from getting ^odcd when wanted for
exhibition. As the season advances into June, July,
and August, shading from the fierce noonday
sun is essential, both lor the purpose of improving
the quality of the flower and maintaining the health
of the plant. See to it, then, that a site is selected,
if possible, with tuch surroundings as will bring
about the desired result, otherwise artificial shading

will have to be had recourse to if fine flowers are
wanted. Shading is done by growers for competition
in various ways. Some have light sashes covered
wi'h cotton for throwing over the beds, others believe
in shading only the individual flosvers, but this latter
process entails much of labour which few can see their
way to take in hand, although it is perhaps the most
efl'ictual when carefully carried out. Shaded, how-
ever, they must be, and the grower will just require
to adopt the means best suited to attain that end in
his particular circumstances, or else he will have
inferior blooms, prematurely developed, bleached in
colour, small in size, and utterly unlit for competition.
One thing which takes any grower a long way on the
road to success is to have good strong plants for
planting-out in spting. When that season comes
round we may recur to the subject.

A question with every one is, Whit are the
best varieties ? Subjoined is a list of the varieties
shown in the fancy stands which were awarded
1st prizes at the International show held last .Sep-
tember in Dundee, which speak for themselves : —
Mr. M. Campbell of lilantyre, N.B., 1st prize,
twenty-four blooms, nurserymen : — Evelyn Lruce, Bob
Montgomery, Mrs. G. P. Frame, Earl of Beacons-
field, Mrs. Duncan, John Gold, Mrs. Russell, Wui.
Cuthbertson, Mrs. Alexander Paisley, Mrs. Findlay,
Mrs. McTaggart, Agnes Mitchell, Miss Bliss, Mrs.
Weir, Catherine Agnes, Bessie Campbell, Mrs,
Barrie, Wm. Wyndle, Mrs. Goodwin, Alexander
Maxwell, E. M. Dalgleish, Chas. Stansell, Mrs.
Storrie, and a seedling. Mr. Andrew Irvine, Tigh-
nabruaich, 1st for twelve blooms, with Evelyn Bruce,
Endymion, Donald iNIcBean, Mrs. Jamieson, May
Tate, Mrs. G. P. Frame, Mrs. J. Stewart, Mrs.
Findlay, Miss Bliss, Perfection, L'zzie Irvine, Wm.
Cuthbertson. Mr. John Stewart, Lennoxtown,
Campsie, 1st for six blooms, with Mrs. G. P. Frame,
Mrs. E. M. Dalgleish, Catherine Agnes, James
Gardner, Mrs. John Downie, Mrs. Black.

Mr. Campbell and Mr. Irvine are comparatively
new, though most successful, growers. Mr. Stewart
is one of the leading amateurs in Scotland at the
present moment ; he was awarded both the 1st prizes
for show Pansies at the exhibition referred to, but we
deal with Fancies here, as we humbly believe them to
be the " coming " flowers. IVilliajii Cuthbertson,

GRAPES SHANKING.

Your correspondent, "II. J. II.," refers at p.
759 to a vinery which was planted with several
varieties of Grape Vines, including four or five Vines
of Muscat of Alexandria, at the warmest end of the
house, and which it appears shanked so badly every
year that they were cut down three or four years since
and grafted with Gros Colmar, which has done well
ever since ; there being no shanking of the bunches,
which fact your correspondent seems to think justifies
the assumption that the influence of stock and scion
has in some cases an influence on shanking. This
inference may be correct in some cases, but the one
under notice affords no grounds for arriving at such a
conclusion, seeing that the Gros Colmar Grape does
not bear the reputation of being a shanking variety.
Had the result of the Gros Colmar and Muscat of
Alexandria union been otherwise, there would have
been evidence to support the inference drawn by your
correspondent. The very fact of Grapes shanking is
an indication that the conditions under which the
Vines and Grapes are grown arc not congenial to
their requirements ; and I do not look upon shanking
as a disease, but simply as evidence of there being
something in the border in which the Vines arc grow-
ing, or Ihc management of the s-ame Ihrougliout their
vaiious stages uf giowth, or buth coml)incd, that ihey
do not like. Moreover, I assciL that if the \'incj arc
planted in properly drained and well-made in.^idc
borders, the latter mulched with 3 inches thick of
horsc-droppings, and kept well supplied with tepid
water, including frequent applications of liquid
manure, during the interval from the time the Vines
start into growth until they have perfected their
crops, and the vineries are adequately supplied with
hot-water pipes, together with skilful internal manage-
ment, and the Vines being cropped light rather than
otherwise, there will be no shanking in the bunches
of Muscat of Alexandiia, or any other variety of
Grape to be noted. This statement is made upon
the result of practical experience, and with a full
sense of its importance. //. IV. Warii, Longford
Casf'c,

t)ECEMBER iO, 1SS4.)

THE GAkDEMERS' CHkOMlCLlL

m

APPLE CULTURE.

The publicalion c.( Drilish Jf/'ks iK (he present
lime is most oppoilune, oml may be said to mark an
era in the history of Apples, and il will probably be the
n^cans of greatly extending the cultivation of this valu-
able fruit. As it is, the book is valuable for reference,
and will be treasured as a memento of the National
Apple Congress. It would have been more interest-
in;; and permanently useful if it had been accompanied
with a historical inlrcdac.ion and concise cultural
directions, which Mr. liarron is so well able to give.
The Apple is not only the most useful of our hardy
fruits, but owing to its flowering later lh.an any of
the other kinds it is the most certain to produce good
crops of fruit. In the form of the wild Crab the
Apple itself is a native of ihis country. Whether the
wild Crab was improved by culture in this country,
before the invasion of the Romans is not known. At
that time the Romans cultivated numerous varieties,
and doubtless they introduced them into this country.
It is not likely that these Apples would be lost during
the dark ages ; but there were olher opportunities to
introduce Ihem, especially at the time of the Conquest,
when they might have been introduced by the Nor-
mans. Indeed, Mr. Mcintosh in his Praitical
Can/jM^r suggests that "It is not improbable that
many of the Apples introduced by the Romans were
first planted in the neighbourhood of Hereford,
where the Romans were long stationed." Mclnlosh
gives further very interesting information on the his-
tory of the Apple as an introduction to his Systtmatu
Cata'io^ie of Afpks. According to the information
glraned by Mr. Mcintosh it was computed that some
of the Herefordshire Apple trees were 1000 years old,
and were still prolific (.'). This statement was made
with the knowledge that Mr. Knight considered 200
years to be the ordinary duration of that tree. Lord
Sciidamore, of Holme Lacey, who was also Ambas-
sador at the Court of France in Charles I.'s time,
collected grafcs of cider Apples in Normandy, which
were grafted and planted on his estate of Holme
Lacey. The monks before the time of Henry \'III.
were good gardeners, and generally established them-
selves in a situation favourable to the cultivation of
good fruits, and wherever a monastery had been
established there also the remains of fruit trees are to
be found. Henry VIIL, whatever may have been
his shortcomings in other respects, was credited with
promoting the science of pomology, many varie-
ties of hardy fruits having been introduced to
this country during his reign. In a walledin
garden at his palace of Nonsuch in Surrey it
is said that he had under cultivation 212 fruit
trees. It has also been alleged that during
recent years the quality of our fruit is deterio-
rating, owing to the changes of climate. It
may be Ihat in some districts this change is taking
place, but the question may well be asked — Are
.Apples really deteriorating in this country, or is it
only certain varieties that had been under cultivation
for ages? In England the Apple that stands first in
the estimation of most people is Cox's Orange Pippin.
In the new edition of Iht Fi nil Manual Dr. Hogg
s'ates that " This excellent variety was raised at
Colnbrook Lawn, near Slough, by a Mr. Cox, who
was formerly a brewer at Bermondsey." " The .Apple
originated in 1S30, and is said to have been from a
pip of Ribston Pippin." It was sent out by Mr.
Charles Turner, of Slough, I believe, nearly thirty
years ago, and has been grown and fruited by him
ever since. And yet Mr. Turner told me not two
montlis ago that he had seen finer Orange Pippins
Ihis year than he had ever seen before. Evidently
this variety is not degenerating. The theory held by
Mr. Thomas Andrew Knight, of Downton, and later
by Mr. Mclnto.sh, that there is no such thing as a
young Apple tree unless raised from seed must
not be accepted without reservation. Mcintosh
evidently adopted Mr. Knight's theory, which is best
given in the words of the former gentleman. He
says:— "Every tree propagated by grafting is no
more than a prolongation of a part of the parent tree.
There is no such thing as a new or young tree,
excepting those which are really raised from seeds.
Every Rcbston Pippin in the kingdom is no olher
than a part, a wing or branch, of the original Rib-
ston discovered at Ribston Hall, in Yorkshire."
Ivnight writes in a more positive manner even than
this. He says that all plants- " propagated from the
same stock partake in some degree the properties of the
same life, and which will attend the progress of that life

in the habits of its youth, its maturity, and its decay,
though ihey will not be inany way allccted by any inci-
denlal injuries the parent tree may sustain aficr ihey are
detached from it." That famous pomologist was as
far out of his reckoning wdien he stated that " the
Moil and its successful rival the Red Streak, the
Musts and (Jolden Pippin are in the last stage of
decay, and the Stire and Foxwhelp are hastening
rapidly aflerthem." " Do not prMpbesylill you know,"
might have been good advice in this case. In the
present year Dr. Hogg says the Foxwhelp is one of
the most valuable of the cider Apples of Hereford ;
and of the Golden Pippin il is further slated thai
" this is one of the oldest and one of the most highly
esteemed of dessert Apples. The tree is a healthy
grower, and it is an excellent bearer."

Some eight or ten years ago the Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society otTered piizes for Apples,
special prizes being offered for such old sorts as tiolden
Pippin, I^ibston Pippin, &c., which brought out some
splendid examples. The Golden Pippins were large
in size, clean, and clear in the skin, and perfectly
ripened. Indeed, the evidence of recent years goes far
to prove that a judicious selection of stocks and good
cultivation from the first has more to do with the
quality of the fruit than anything else.

How TO Plant. —Whenever my advice has
been asked about stocking a garden with fruit
trees I have always placed in a prominent posi-
tion the right preparalion of the ground. This
may be said to lay the foundation for future success
or failure. Those who have but little experience of
gardening cannot always be made to understand the
importance of draining their gardens, but in many
OSes the success or failure of fruit culture would
depend upon whether the ground is drained or not.
The question may arise subsequently whether it would
be best to drain 3 feet or 4 feet deep. We had to
drain a part of the fruit garden here, and I decided
to drain 3 feet only. The last season has been a very
dry one, and water is scarce ; but in many undrained
gardens water will be found standing within a loo', of
the surface, if a test hole is dug. The next thing is
the preparation of the ground. We trench it 2 feet deep,
and this etfects quite a revolution in some soils. For
instance, a new garden may be formed on a field or
meadow that has not been cultivated mote than 8 or
9 inches deep for ages. In some cases, though not
always, the substratum is poor, and when turned up
to the top is quite unfit to grow any kind of crop.
The way I have always done when planting such
ground with fruit trees, has been to place about half a
barrowloads of good loam round the roots of each
tree. The trees form plenty of roots into this soil, and
if it is thought desirable to remove them the following
or two seasons alter, they are sure to be furnished
with plenty of roots. In trenching the ground, if it
is poor, some decayed manure must' be worked into
it. I generally place a layer in the bottom of the
trench, and another layer about 9 inches or a foot below
the surface. The next year or perhaps two years after
the trees are carefully lifted again and the ground re-
trenched ; this time it will not require any manure.
We plant the trees, in the first place, 5 feet apart,
and when they are replanted the second season the
distance apart is 81 feet. This will give a surplus
stock of trees which may be planted in another part
of the garden, which has the advantage of being
trenched over twice and deeply dug several times.
The trees ought to be carefully lifted, and if it is done
during good weather in November, the removal is
beneficial rather than otherwise.

Stocks.— The kind of slock on which the trees are
worked is of very considerable importance, in fact for
small gardens the use of the Crab stock for Apples is a
mistake. Trees worked on the Paradise or dwarfing
stock come into bearing the third year. All such
trees have a tendency to form surface-roots ; they
ought to be planted so that the union of the scion
with the stock is just covered, and in that case fibrous
roots are formed, and continue to form, annually close
to the surface of the ground. The formation of these
roots should be encouraged, and this is done by plac-
ing some decayed manure round the roots of the trees,
say in November — we are not very, particular as to
the time. It is generally done in our own garden
when the first frost hardens the ground sufticiently to
allow barrows to be easily wheeled over it. There are
many different forms of trees. I prefer the pyramid
form, or what is termed such by the trade. They are
not really of a pyramid form when they are purchased

at two years fiom the graft, but they are trees fur-
nished from the b.isc to 4 or 5 feet high with branches
as wide .at the top as at the liasc. We do not try to
get them in'o a pyramid, but rather allow them to
take a natural form of growth, cutting the young wood
back scarcely at all, and alw.iys at an eye that witi
direct its growth outward.

Pruning. — Some varieties seldom rcqtiirc any
thinning-out of the young wood, and grow into
well-formed fiuilful trees with the least possiMc
use of the pruning-knifc. Others, such as \V,d-
tham Abbey Seedling, would soon form a thicket
of wood unless judiciously thiimed-out. A great
part of such pruning and thinning-out of the young
wood as may be required should be done in
the autumn, before the leaves fall ; it is much
easier to do it then, as the leaves give the pruner a
better idea of the number of branches that should be
removed. Then as to the presence of canker on fruit
trees, I have had to do with gardens where the old
trees on the Crab slock were almost eaten up by it,
and young trees on the same stock cankered badly in
a year or two, and by planting on the surface-rooting
stock, trenching and retrenching the ground, lifting
and replanting the trees once or twice in the early
stages of their growth, and encouraging the roots
upward by mulching, the trees did not canker at all.
I am certain that any old worn-out garden may be
renewed by planting young trees on the dwarfing,
surface-rooting stocks, and following the above direc-
tions. J. Douglas,

THE CHRYSANTHEMUM.

The success this year of the autumn shows of
Chrysanthemums has amply proved, if proof were
necessary, how general both Ihe cultivation and the
appreciation of the Chrysanthemum have become in
the South of England. As the primitive limplicity of
Christianity, however, is said to have been destro)ed
when it became the religion of a Court, there is some
fear that fashion will lead to degeneration in the
standard of excellence for this beautiful flower. Who
that appreciates the form, colour, and habit of some
of the pompons and smaller incurved varieties, but
has marked with a kind of awe the vast expanse of
bloom developed in a prize specimen of the modern
Japanese type ? The Chrysanthemum, we all know,
is a gross feeder, .and much depends upon cultiva-
tion, but one might be tempted to ask. in amaze-
ment before one of these blooms, " Upon what meat
does this our Ca:sarleed that he has grown so great?"
While each new variety is bred with the special
object of being first of all bigger than its predecessor,
and some ninety new varieties are produced each
year, there is small doubt about the result as it will
afli^ect the future of the Chrjsaniheinuin. For should
the larger sorts only be cultivated, it will soon become
utterly unfilled for any but decorations on a grand
scale, and growers with small houses will be at a
great disadvantage. We have always admired the
Chrysanthemum from a higher standpoint than mere
size, and would gladly see it saved from the fate
alluded to. Why should we not adapt il as far as
possible to decorate the table and the hall ? The
first step towards this end is at any rale within the
bounds of the prac'ical. As the prize list sets Ihe
fashion, let the promoters of next year's shows offer
prizes for Chrysanthemums grown in pots of 32-size,
on single stems, not trained, and tied only to a central
stick. One class would be required for pompons,
with which might be included the smaller hybrids!
and a second for incurved or re flexed varieties. This
would probably be welcomed as a novelty both by
growers and the public ; it would bring into notice
many beautlftil varieties now looked upon as useless,
and having set up some other standard than size for
which to grow, it would tend to a general improve-
ment in the cultivation of the species. Essex Counly
Clironick, December 5. [The writer has overlooked
the fact that any Chrysanthemum can be kept com-
paratively low in stature by pinching and stopping up
to the beginning of July. The blooms will then be
more numerous, and much smaller than the highly-
fed giants seen on exhibition tables. Growirg for
that purpose demands quite other treatment to that
required for plants intended for the greenhouse or the
dwelling. If the one-stem fashion— which, by the
v;ay, is a straining of the habit of the plant, which
naturally throws up many shoots from its roots — were
adopted the plant would rise to a great height, and
could only be tolerated by persons of taste to stand
among tall greenhouse plants, so as to show its head
only. Ed.]

78o

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20. iX»4.

|r(I|id Ijoica and il^amup.

Cattleya Walkeriana (GarJiier), C. liULBOSA
{Liiidl.). — This lovely plant, of which fine varieties
were exhibited both by Baron Schrreder and by Mr.
James at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden at
the last meeting, having of late been sent about under
so many different names, that a note on the facts of
the case will not be out of place. The name C.
Walkeriana is the correct one, by reason of its priority,
it having been gathered in Brazil by Gardner, who
gave it the name of his friend and companion, Edward
Walker, and under that name it was described in
Hook. LonJ. Jour, of Botany in 1843. In May,
1847, it flowered with Mr. Rucker, and in August of
that year it was named C. bulbosa by Dr. Lindley,
and figured and described in the Botanical Register.
Later on we also find a very fine figure of it in
vol. XV. of Paxton's Magazine of Botany, where the
name C. bulbosa is applied to it, the drawing having
been taken from Mr. Rucker's plant ; in fact. Dr.
Lindley's name seems generally to have been adopted
in gardens in this country. In 1879, pi. 17, La Bel-
gique Horticole gave a figure of almost as fine a
variety as those exhibited at Kensington, under its
proper name, C. Walkeriana, and the whole of the
representations of the plant being compared
there is no difficulty in establishing the iden-
tity of C. Walkeriana and C. bulbosa. In growth
C. Walkeriana is very distinct, those of its pseudo-
bulbs which are not intended for flowering being
short and thick, and bearing thick hard leaves, while
for the purpose of bearing its flower-spike separate
slender growth is produced, out of which the flower-
spike proceeds. These flowering growths generally
bear but rudimentary leaves, which fall away soon
after flowering, although both the Botanical Register
and Paxton's Magazine of Botany exhibit them with
well developed leaves, and one of the plants exhibited
at Kensington showed foliage on its flowering growth
in an advanced stage. The special small flowering
growth may be taken as a crucial test for determining
C. Walkeriana, and examination of the plants will
prove that most of those in collections under the
names C. dolosa, C. Jongheana (to which it bears
little resemblance), C. nobilior, C. sp. Minas Geraes,
&c, are nothing but varieties of C. Walkeriana,
and without any botanical distinction from that
species. The true C. dolosa and C. Jongheana are
well known, but importations of them have yet
to come. C, Walkeriana thrives best on a
block or in a basket, and suspended near the
glass in the coolest part of the Cattleya-house.
It should be copiously watered while growing, and
should not be allowed to get quite dry, even in the
resting season, unless it is kept in a very cool place.
When well grown, like Baron Schrojder's plant, which
was certificated, it is a very fine and desirable species.
It should be distinctly noted that if grown on blocks
or rafts they should be suspended horizontally,
and not perpendicularly, as they often are, as
that one item makes all the difference between
success and failure sooner or later. The same
applies to; C. Acklandix, C. Schilleriana, and the
varieties of Lslia pumila, which mostly slowly
decline on blocks banging perpendicularly. James
O'Brien.

Cypripedium insigne.— This year I have some
plants of this, standing outdoors several months
without any protection save being under Lime trees;
they were watered when there was not sufficient rain,
and that was all the attention given them. They
were brought into a cool house about a month since,
and are now much more healthy in appearance and
have more bloom than those kept in the cool house all
summer. I quite think with other of your corre-
spondents it is the best treatment for cool orchids ;
what few I have I shall stand outdoors at the
beginning of June, and leave them out until the end
of October, unless there should be severe weather.
Harrison Weir, Ilimuick Lod^e, Lansdoion Road,
Tunbridgt Wells.

Epibendrum radicans.— Stems terete, leaves
sessile oblong ; flowers numerous, orange-scarlet, in
terminal stalked spikes, each flower ij inch diameter ;
perianh segments ovate lanceolate, lip stalked, stalk

adherent to the column ; disc deeply threee-lobed,
lobes oblong, fringed. Native of Mexico and Guate-
mala. {Orchid Albion, t. 161.) It requires the
temperature of the East India-house, and should not
be kept too dry, nor much shaded.

Angr.ecu.m EiLOBUM KiRKll. — Leaves linear
oblong, bilobed, lobes rounded ; flowers racemose,
each 2 inches across ; segments and lip all pure white,
lanceolate acuminate, lip with a long spur. Native
of Zanzibar. This plant is best grown, says the
Orchid Album (t. 162), in a small pan or basket
suspended near the light, but shaded from the burn-
ing sun.

Cypripedium Haynaldianum. — There is a
beautiful figure of this species in the Botanical Maga-
zine, t. 6296, and a full description of it in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. vii., n.s., p. 272. It is a
comparatively recent introduction from the Philip-
pines, and bears considerable resemblance to the Bor-
nean C. Lowii, but is distinct enough to merit specific

issuing from the top. Scape proceeding from the
base of the pseudobulbs ; flowers numerous, each
5 inches across ; sepals lanceolate, greenish, with
irregular transverse brown bands ; petals spreading,
shortly stalked, oblong, canary-yellow, the basal half
rich brown, with a narrow sinuous yellow border ; lip
with two very small lateral lobes, and one large
transversely oval one, yellow, with a few transverse
brown bands. A native of Costa Rica, resembling
O. grande. Orchid Album, t. 163,

MiLTONiA spectaeilis RADICANS. — Rhizome
creeping, scaly, rooting on the under-surface, and
giving off ellipsoidal pseudobulbs from the upper
surface. Flowers stalked, solitary, i,\ inches long,
3 inches broad, flat, segments white, oblong ; lip
stalked, roundish, z\ inches across, white with broad
violet stripes radiating from the base. It flowers in
July. Rough fibrous peat with plenty of pot-room
and sufficient water when growing are required. Mr.
Williams finds the shady side of the East India-house
to suit the plant best. Orchid Album, t. 164.

Fig. Ij2.—CA1'1LEVA WALKERIANA, VAK.

value. The upper sepal is spotted at the base with
pale brown on a greenish-yellow ground, suffused
rose, and striped with darker veins on the middle,
and white upwards. This, together with the narrowly
spathulate petals, constitute the most attractive feature
of the flower. The basal half of the latter is pale yel-
low, beautifully spotted with large pale brown
l)lotches, while the upper half is sufiused rose and
white. The labellum is rather small, gteenish-yellow,
and not very conspicuous, but several flowers are pro-
duced in a raceme, and the plant is highly attractive
and desirable. It is flowering in the East India-
house at Kew. J. F,

Orchid Inflorescences. — Professor Reichen-
bach has obtained from an unnamed sender in the
United States several inflorescences of Oncidium
rupestre, Lindl., and one of Epidendrum variegatum.
Hook. If all correspondents sent such rich specimens
the work might be done in one-third of the required
time. H. G. Rrhb. f.

Odontoglossum Williamsianum. — Pseudo-
bulbs oval, with two oblong acute ribbed leaves

Odontoglossum Cervaniesii. — Pseudo-
bulbs ovoid, with a single strap-shaped evergreen
leaf; flower-stem from the base of the pseudobulb
racemose ; flowers each 2^ inches across ; sepals ovate
lanceolate, petals roundish ovate, all white, with
narrow, concentrically arranged, brownish bars at the
base ; lip cordate ovate acute, white. A native of
Mexico. It requires the treatment of the other coo!
Odontoglossums. Orchid Album, t. 167,

Dendrobium moschatum cupkeum.— This is
the Dendrobe commonly but erroneously known as
D. calceolus. The flowers are racemose, each 3 inches
across by 2,^ inches in length ; sepals ovate lanceolate,
petals of similar shape but broader ; both apricot-
yellow. Lip bag-shaped, dark coppery-orange. A
native of Burmah. It is an evergreen species, blooming
in summer. It requires plenty of light to ripen its
growths well. Orchid Album, t. 165.

Cattleya calummata x . — A cross between C.
Aclandise and C. intermedia. It is of dwarf habit,
and flowers two or three times in the year. Flowers
4^ inches, flat ; segments oblong lanceolate, white,

Uecemiiek 2o, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

781

with small violer spots ; lip three-Iobed, lateral lobes
upturned iround the column, pale lilac, central lobe
with a short broad stalk supporting a two-lobed disc ;
lobes rounded ; rich magenta. [We are at a loss to
know the meaning of the word calummata unless it be
a corruption from Ka\vfj.}ia, a hood. Ed ]

JAPANESE VEGETABLE FOOD
PRODUCTS.

The Japanese Commission at the late International
Health Exhibition have produced an excellent
catalogue of their exhibits, which contains a great
deal of valuable information on the production and
uses of the specimens in question. In the 6rst group,
devoted to food products, a series of analyses is given
of the principal grains and pulses, fungi, cucurbit-
aceous fruits, &c.

The fruit of the Maidenhair tree (Gingko biloba),

wards covered over and the full-grown ones are
picked. These are called "Spring Mushrooms," to
distinguish them from those which grow in the
autumn, and which are called "Autumn Mush-
rooms." The gathered Mushrooms are compressed
with Bamboo sticks and dried by exposure to the
open air or to fire.

Geliiiium lornann — Agar a^ar^ or Kantcn. — The
Gelidium is soaked in water and pounded well in a
mortar until bubbles are formed and the colour
becomes greyish ; it is then poured into a large
basket, dipped in water, and stirred until turbid water
arises. The mass is next spread upon a mat made
of Bamboo or reeds, and after thus drying it is put
into a mortar again and hot water poured upon it.
It is then boiled at a gentle heat, and when the weed
becomes pasty it is poured into a linen bag and
squeezed into a vessel and left to coagulate. The
jelly is cut into threads and frozen by exposing the
pieces to intense cold in thin layers upon Bamboo mats.

Thunbergiana by pounding it, placing it in a tub
with water, which is stirred, and afterwards filtered
through a linen bag. The starch after settling is
washed and decanted several times, and finally dried.
It is principally used in confectionery and may also
be served with sugar by making it into paste with the
addition of hot water. It is not unfrequently used in
cookery. It is remarkable that the stems of the
plant yield a strong fibre which is used in Cotea for
making a textile fabric very strong and similar in
appearance to an ordinary kind of coarse linen.
Samples of this were exhibited at a recent meeting of
the Linnean Society.

VVarahi Statxh is prepared from the root of the
Brake Fern (Pteris aquilina), collected in the season
when it is withered and no young shoots are to be
seen. For this purpose the root is collected, cut into
pieces, pounded, washed, decanted, and the settled
starch is collected, and finally dried. It is mixed
with Wheat-flour or Rice-meal, and made into

Fig. 133.— cattleya walkeriana, var.

under the name of Ginnan, is'described as an acrid
poison, so poisonous indeed that if the juice touches
the body boils will immediately be produced ; any one
sating the fruit raw is soon aflected by the poison,
but when roasted its poisonous properties disappear
entirely, and there has never been a single case of
poisoning known to arise from its use when roasted.

Lagcnaria vulgaris — Kau-pio — dried fruit. — The
method of preparing is as follows : — The first step is
to cut off the extremities, then the seeds and pulp are
taken out, the fruit is then cut into lengths or strips,
which are dried by hanging it on sticks. It can thus
be preserved for a long period if kept in proper vessels
and closed tightly. To prepare it for food it is boiled
with water, soy, sugar, sweet wine.

Agariciis campeslris—Shii-laki. — The following is
given as the mode of growing Mushrooms. Various
tall trees are cut down, marks are made by knives,
and the trees left for two years upon the ground. On
a winter day the timber is cut into pieces and the logs
left inclining to a fence or made into square piles and
left alone for from two to four years, Mushrooms then
begin to grow in rainy seasons. They are after-

Kanten is used as a material in making confec-
tionery and also as food. In summer it is prepared
by pouring hot water upon it, and leaving it to
coagulate. It is then cut into fine threads, mixed
with water and seasoned with sugar or soy according
to taste. It is also used for purifying turbid "sake " or
Rice spirit.

Frozen Kouniaku is prepared from the tubers of
Conophallus konjak, which is pounded and coagu-
lated by the action of lime and then frozen by cutting
^he Kouniaku into thin slices, drying and afterwards
freezing it by exposure to intense cold. It is used as
food after soaking in warm water.

Katakuri Starch. — The bulb of Erythronium dens-
canis is crushed, washed with water, and decanted.
The precipitated starch is collected, spread upon
mats, dried by exposure to the sun, and finally ground
into a fine powder. It is made into a kind of vermi-
celli called Katakuri meu, and is chiefly used in
making confectionery, or is made into a paste by
adding hot water. It is served with sugar, and makes
a very delicious food.

Kuzu Starch is prepared from the root of Pueraria

cakes, or when made into paste by boiling with
water mixed with the astringent juice of Persimmon,
it is used for joining paper together, and the joint
does not part even if exposed to rain ; hence it is
widely used for this purpose.

HijiU (Cyrtoseira sp.) — The seaweed which
attaches to the rocks at the bottom of the sea in
February and March is collected, boiled in an iron
pan for about two hours, and when it has assumed
the colour of lacquer the seaweed is taken out and
dried in the sun. If it is protected from moisture it
will keep for a number of years. It is boiled with
water, and when it becomes soft it is strained,
flavoured with soy, sugar, &c., and eaten.

Ogo (Gigartina sp.) — It grows upon the rocks »t
the bottom of the sea in the latter part of February.
It is gathered during ebb-tide in June, and stored
after drying it by exposure to the sun. By pouring
hot water upon it just before use it becomes green,
and appears quite fresh. It is used for garnishing,
and plays the same part as Parsley in European
cookery.

Wakame {Alaria pinnatifida).— It is gathered iq

782

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1884.

February during the ebb-tide by rolling it upon a rod.
After gathering it is hung upon ropes stretched be-
tween posts and stored when dried by the heat of the
sun. If it is washed with fresh water, several limes
the saline taste is removed, and it becomes very sweet.
It is softened by soaking in hot water and is after-
wards served steeped in vinegar, soy, or '* mirin " for
some time, or it is put into soup and served. It con-
tains a large quantity of mannite, and its ash contains
some iodine, but compared with Laminaria these are
quite insignificant.

TangrCy Kotnlni {Laminaria japonica).— This grows
in the Northern Sea, and is mown at the bottom of
the sea by divers. When sun-dried it is called or-
dinary Khombu ; various articles are made from it,
and they are often coloured red, green, &c. It is
used as a food by boiling with soy, sugar, mirin, &c.,
or served in soup,

Laver^ dried— Asahusa-non (Porphyra vulgaris).
— The period for gathering Laver is the latter
part of September. The twigs of the Hr, (Mag-
nolia hypoleuca), of the Oak, or of the Keyaki
(Zelkowa keyaki), are made up into faggots,
which are placed at the bottom of the sea at
low tide, and after thirty or forty days tlje weeds
grow around the faggots. After severing it from the
faggots it is thoroughly washed several times, in order
to remove the dirt clinging to it, and then it is put
into tubs and cleaned with pure water. After it has
been thoroughly cleansed it is dipped out of the tub,
spread on a raised stand that has been previously
covered with Bamboo screens, each screen surrounded
with a rim, to prevent the substance from running
over. The weed is left until the water has all drained
away. The rim is then removed, and afterwards the
screen, with the Porphyra vulgaris, is taken off, and
the latter is picked off and exposed to the rays of the
sun, after which it is stored. Recently the modes of
procuring and of preserving this seaweed have been
improved to some extent, there has also been an
increase in the variety of waj's of curing it, either in
the green state or by drying and sailing. To prepare
the cured weed for table it is placed over a fire and
dried, an then eaten with rice; it has a very delicious
bouquet and flavour and is esteemed by every one,

Kori-tofn : Pro-en Bean Curds, — It is made by
freezing common Bean curd, which is made of
Daidzu (Glycine [Soj j] hispida), and contains a large
quantity of vegetable albumen. This is one of the
most frequent kinds of fruit of the middle and loucr
classes of the people of Japan ; it contains an abun-
dance of nourishment, and hygeists recommend its
use. Bean curd is indigestible, but in passing through
the process of ireezing it undergoes a change. Owing
to the Bean curd spoiling very readily, it is not suit-
able for carrying long distances. It is made by steep-
ing Soy B^ans in water and then grinding them, after
which the refuse is removed by boiling and dissolving
it in a little oil. The liquid remaining after taking
away such refuse, is put into a kettle and again boiled.
Upon the surface of the water a thin substance, like
wet paper, forms, this is skimmed off and dried and
known as *' Vuba," the taste of which is very agree-
able. When it begins to bubble up brine is sprinkled
over it in order to stop the bubbles and it is put into a
special wooden box and afterwards thrown into a
cotton-cloth bag and coagulated into long square
shapes, which is the Bean curd.

Bean curd is prepared for eating by boiling it, or
holding it over a fire. It is usually eaten with soy
and various condiments ; it is easily digestible and is
suitable food for adults, infants, or invalids, but it
cannot be preserved for more than a day or two owing
to its peiiahable nature, whereas frozen Bean curd
can be preserved for a length of time, but it is in-
digestible and furnishes less nourishment than the
kind first named. The *' yuba" or skin of the Bean
curd is used as a food -adjunct, with boiled Rice,
by most persons, by boiling or warming over a fiie
and salting it.

Uniibo'Jii: Salted and Dried Plums. — There aretwo
ways of salting Plums, one to put three *' go " of salt
upon one *'sho"of Plums into a tub, for about ten days.
Tfie Plums are turned over, and then again put away
for a week, when the same process is again gone
through. The other way is to fill a tub with Plums, and
sprinkle over them eight "shos" or a "to" of salt. In
both of these modes of preparation the plums, after
being kept in the brine thirty days, are arranged upon
straw mats, and exposed to the rays of the sun for
seven days. Then Shiso (Perilla arguta) is dipped
into the juice produced by the mi>:tuie of salt and

Plums, and is exposed to the rays of the tun, and set
aside again for several days. When the colour
changes to a beautiful red, it is then exposed to the
open air for two nights, during which time the sour-
ness somewhat disappears, and a very delicious flavour
is produced.

Preserved in an earthen jar, and closely sealed with
a thick paper cover, this preparation will keep for
over ten years. It is very valuable as a provision in
campaigns and on voyages. Moreover, the taste
remains unchanged, even to the palates of those suffer-
ing from high fever, or of those whose sense of taste
from the same cause has been much impaired ; there-
fore, it is kept in almost every house, and is especially
used for invalids.

{To be continusd.)

jjlanls and ilph] aiiltutif.

Stoves : Flowering Plants. — With a good
selection of the winter blooming varieties of these
there should now be a brilliant and gay display that
will enhance the attractiveness of the garden at the
coming festive season of the year. The Chrysanihe-
mums for several weeks past will have been the
showiest plants in the cool houses, and now these are
nearly over it will afford a pleasing diversion to look
to the stoves for some few weeks to come to yield
attractive flowering and foliage plants that will bridge
over the time till the forced plants and bulbs are
obtainable. With a stock of Poinsettias of various
heights a gay display can be made by interspersing
them among the Palms, Ferns, and other foliage
plants ; for this purpose the single-stem plants will
be preferable, and really will not take up much room
in the arrangement. Up to the present my stock of
this useful plant has been grown in a dry pit, with
plenty of means for keeping up the requisite tempera-
ture and for giving ventilation ; under this treatment
they develope a quantity of fine bracts that will, on
their removal to the stove, have a telling effect among
the foliage plants. As a margin to the front of the^e
I have several rather dwarf plants of Euphorbia jac-
quinioeflora with good racemes of flower on them.
These, when interspersed with a few Begonia insignis
and Calanthe vestita and C. Veitchii, will make the
chief hothouse very cheerful for Christmas. With
such additions to a house that is mainly devoted
to foliage subjects it will be found necessary
to modify the usual routine in the way of
affording atmospheric moisture ; we shall there-
fore now use both syringe and water-pot less
freely, and thus endeavour to retain the flower-
ing plants as long as possible in good condition.
The temperature may be reduced a few degrees, 60"
by night being found ample, guarding, as a matter of
course, against a long continuance below that standard
should a few frosty nights occur ; a rise of 5°, 10", or
15" during the daytime should be allowed, according
to the stale of the weather. Under this drier treat-
ment a sharp watch must be kept on insect pests, as
both green and black fly and tbrips will increase
apace. To remedy this frequent fumigation must be
given, which will have the desired effect.

An excellent addition to the few things we have
mentioned for this season of the year will be found in
Aphelandra aurantiaca J-ioezlii and A. nilens, two
most distinct plants, handsome alike in foliage and
flower. We have not grown them of late, not having
had an opportunity of procuring seed of eiihcr kind,
plants thus raised being far away better than ciuiings
or old stools.

In order to make the stove s!ill more interesting a
few well grown Nepenthes should be introductd ;
they would endure the temperature above indicated
if not kept in it loo long. Of this genus Nepenlht^"
Mastersiana is undoubtedly one of the best at jiresent
in cultivation, its massive pitchers, of a claret colour,
being singularly effective, and they are also produced
freely — a point which adds to its value considerably.
N. Ralllesiana, N. Hookerlana, and N. Sedeni are
each of them well tried kinds that will be found to
give general satiJaction in even a limited collection.
These plants are of easier growth than most culti-
vators imagine. The main thing to be on guard
against is extremes both in temperature and in the
application of water to the roots ; nor should they on
any account be allowed to suffer for the want of it.

by providing for a free passage of water through the
soil there should be no fear of their becoming sour or
sodden.

Thyrsacanlhus rutihns is showing numbers of its
long panicles ihu will ere long help to make a good
slij-.v. Ttie stock that was struck last year are now
4 feet and even more in height, and advantage is
being t:iken of the length of the stems to train the
plants partly over the pathway, in which position the
utmost can be made of them when in flower. They
will look better trained in that manner than in any
other that has been tried. Plumbago coccinea and
I', rosea should also be useful subjects when trained
in a similar manner. On the roof of the stove are
quantities of the showy blossoms of Ipomcei Ilors-
fjlliai, which, though of short duration, have fully
made amends by their numbers. Jasminum gracilli-
mum has also been flowering for some weeks past,
and bids fair to continue. Those who possess an old
plant of Ardisia crenulata may easily raise some seed*-
lin^s when the berries are quite ripe and fit for
removal. This makes an excellent plant for the
dinner-table during the winter, when well grown and
kept free from scale ; its compact habit, and the free-
dom with which it produces its berries, making it a
distinct and ellective plant. The drawback to its
more extended culture is, no doubt, caused by its
slowness of grow'.h, as it is two or three years before
a plant can be grown ; the return, we think, would,
however, well repay the waiting.

In a Cool Stove, or, more properly, a temperate-
house, there are several useful things for the present
season of the year. There are numbers of the blooms
of Epiphyllum truncatum violaceum, and now that
these are going off those of E. t. Russellianum are
beginning to expand. Begonias of the winter-flower-
ing section (B, insignis in particular) succeed well in
the same house, the temperature by night for which
varies from 50° to 55°, Linum trigynura does well
in this temperature, so do the winter-flowering varie-
ties of Amaryllis. A vinery that has been closed for
a few weeks will be a very good place to open the
first of the Roman Hyacinths and Narcissus. These
will now come in useful for the conservatory, as it is
rearranged ; the later spikes will open in that struc-
ture without any difllculty, and will last for some
time. Bouvardias in pots will succeed well in the
vineiies that are in their earlier stages ; those that aie
planted out in a heated pit are flowering most pro-
fusely, and, being close to the glass, produce flowers
of great durability.

Co.\SERVATOKY.— A few of the latest Chrysanthe-
mums are still fresh, and arrange well among the dark
foliage of the Camellias. Ttie buds of the latter are
beginning to expand ; Sobnums are now in good
form, wiih a fine crop of berries ; Eiica melantheia
and E. hyemalis are both useful at this season ;
Primulas also commence to imke a show ; with lhe?e
and other miscellaneous pUnts in bloom we hope
now to make the conservatory lo^k cheerful. With
the thorough clean-out after the Chrysanthemum sea-
son, opportunity has been taken to oveihjul the
climbers, planting fresh ones where rtqjired, also
top-dressing and cleansing others that needed this
attention, James Hudson^ Gunnershury Howe Gar-
dens, Alton, Dec. 16.

"Pf(uitp ^NDEF{ "Qla,S3

Pines.— The first week in the year is an opportune
time to start a house to yield frui' during the height
of the London season. The (Jueen is s'ill unrivalled
for this purpose, its all-round good qimliiies being
still unequalled ; but where only a ninrlerate amount
of glass is at command, however, from which it is
desirable to derive a lengthened supply of ripe fruits,
a mixed house comprised of (^ueen;, .Smooth
Cayennes, and Charlotte Rothschilds will be found
the most serviceable, as the former ripens about a
month before the other \;iricties, and R'lthschilds
keep longer in good condition after they are ripe than
Cayennes. If it is found necessary to replunge the
plants arrange the (^)aecns at the warmest end of the
house, and make firm the maleri;d around the pots, ro
that the roots may be kejil with cnmparative ca?e in
a uniform degree of warm'h and moi^tvire. To cauie
excitement an increase of the temperature and .^tmo•
spheric humidity must be promoted, the night warmth

DtCEMBER 20, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

1H

should lange between 6>f° and 70', and day 10" higher,
the niinimuiii figures bcin<; maintained when the
external teuiperalure is cuUl, and slight ventilation
should be afforded when the sun causes the thermo-
meter to reach So°, while the bottom-heat should be
frequently tested and kept at from 85" to 90". The
increase of atmospheric moisture should be moJerate,
as if freely created the plants will be liable to make
a growth before showing fruit, and thus defeat the
ol'ject for which they were started ; their balls of soil
having been preserved rather dry for several weeks
should be moistened through with Peruvian guano-
water at a temperature agreeing with the bottom-
heat, and then be individually examined weekly,
and maintained in a healthy medium. The
weather continues favourable for fruiting plants,
and the essential temperatures can be kept up with-
out recourse to undue firing, which creates a parched,
unhealthy atmosphere, very detrimental to the perfect
development of the fruits. Keep all plants havint^
/ruits swelling, properly supplied with nutritious fluid,
and surrounded by a sweet humidity. It is not
advisable, however, to syringe overhead at this dull
season. Withhold water from the roots when the
colouring of the fruit commences, and after they are
gtithered resume watering, and gently syringe the
stools over early every fine aficrnonn to encourage the
s.uckers to strengthen. Such plants as were potted
late in the autumn, and are intended for fruiting next
winter, should be, unless they are very strong, still
kept quietly moving, and assisted with mild stimu-
lating liquid each time they require watering. Where
the soil to be used for spring potting purposes is
stacked in the open, it should be now moved into a
shed where it can be aerated and sweetened before it is
mixed with the necessary ingredients to form a suit-
able compost.

Sfrawdekries. — In the forcing of these it is not
unusual for beginners to err by employing too much
fire-heat during the early stages of advancement;
this is, however, a fatal course to pursue, for the
Strawberry is, of all subjects, one of the most
impatient of anything pertaining to high tem-
peratures, e?prcially those obtained by artificial
means, until after the fruits are set and commence to
swell, when few fruits, not even excepting tropical
varieties, more fully enjoy warmth ; I would therefore
advise those who have placed plants in warmth not to
exceed the temperature given on p. 655 under such
conditions, accompanied with a buoyant circulating
atmosphere, and the judicious application of tepid
water at their roots. The plants, if they have been
properly prepared, will make good progress. To
plants that are weak some stimulating agent must be
given, and for this purpose nothing is better than
clarified liquid-manure derived from sheep and cow
dung, which should be carefully diluted before being
made use of. A very important item in the plants*
management is to prevent thera from becoming drawn,
and to this end they should be kept up near the glass,
which should be thoroughly cleansed — an all-import-
ant item duiing this season of short days. As has
been previously remarked, early plants are forward in
pits, and arranged on stages over beds of fermenting
leaves, the humidity arising from which creates an
invigorating atmosphere of great service lo them, and
dispenses with the need of fire heat during mild
weather. As successional plants are brought into
warmth clear their soil of worms by applying lime
water, and the drainage holes from soil or other
material that impedes water from passing away
freely.

Vines. — Late Grapes appear to possess the valuable
quality of keeping well in a marked degree this year,
and which the weather during the ripening period had
considerable control over. Experience teaches us that
this property is always more abundant in fruit that is
grown and ripened during a dry sunny season than in
a dull wet one, however skilfully artificial heat may
be employed, and that those ripened late in the
autumn rarely keep well. In order that ihe Vines of
Alicantes, Lady Downe's, and other late varieties
may have a proper period of rest before being pushed
into fresh growth, their crops should be gathered,
bottled, and placed in the most suitable room at com-
mand for the purpose not later than tha first
week in January ; see that both the water and bottles
are scrupulously clean, and that each of the latter
contains some pieces of charcoal. Let no time be
lost after the fruit is gathered in removing the litter,
S:c., from the surface of the inside borders, and giving

them a thorough soaking of cold water. Outside
borders, especially those formed of heavy soil and
situated In wet districts, may still remain covered, lo
prevent them from becoming excessively cold by
inclement weather, but they should be examined and
watered If found to require it. The Vines should be
at once pruned, have their wounds dressed with
Thomson's Styptic, and be thoroughly cleansed in the
manner previously described at p. 335, while the
glass and woodwork of the houses should be washed
clean, and the walls coaled wilh whitewash newly
made of quicklime. This done, the inside borders
should have the surface soil removed, and be firmly
top-dressed wilh a compost of which about a fifth
part should be sweet, fibrous, fairly heavy loam, the
remaining portion being formed of bone-meal, old
mortar, finely broken, and wood ashes, or charcoal,
in equal parts. The outside borders should have
been similarly treated before being protected in the
autumn. The temperature of ihe early house should
be gradually increased as the growths develope,
allowing a fluctuation of a few degrees in accordance
with external conditions, the Vines be tied in their
permanent quarters as soon as all their buds burst,
and disbudding be proceeded with when the most
fruitful shoots can be discerned. A successional-
house may be now closed, and be treated in con-
formity wilh the directions previously given for the
first house. Ihoinas Cooniber, Hcmlt-c Ganlexs, Mon-
moi'JJu

|t.,i»tf I

\mm.

The Auricula.— I find at this season of the year,
when the larger leaves are dying off rapidly at every
spell of severe frost, that there is considerable danger
of the wet decaying leaves causing the main stems lo
decay, if they are allowed to rest too long against
them ; the danger of this is greatest amongst the (off-
sets taken olTand potted late in the summer. Some
of these are very small indeed, wiih scarcely sufficient
roothold to' keep them steady, and it is necessary
when removing the leaves to keep a thumb or finger
pressed on the ground close to the plants to retain
them in the pots. Some of these plants when in their
winter growth are nearly lost to sight, but when they
start into growth early in February, after a good
winter's rest, it is marvellous to see the rapidity wilh
which they develope fresh green leaves. The small
seedlings raised from seeds sown as soon as they were
ripe have now formed a mass of plants, a hundred or
more in a 5-inch pot. These small seedlings do best
on a shelf near the glass in a greenhouse ; in that
position the small plants can be pricked off as soon
as they become large enough, and this I have done in
every month during the winter. There is less danger
of their damping otf, after they are pricked out
than there is while they are in the seedling
pots. A dozen plants should be pricked out in a small
60 sized pot. The lower portion of the soil should be the
ordinary Auricula compost ; about half an inch on the
surface of fine sandy soil is enough to prick the young
plants into. It is interesting too, even now, to see
the compact crowns and various shades on the foliage,
pure white, as in Sapphire and other densely mealed
types ; the form of the foliage is also interesting to
the fancier. The plants must be kept quite free from
greenily by fumigating. The right thing for a fancier
to do is to begin the raising ol seedlings as soon as he
has two good varieties to work with. Silvia, now
being sent out by Mr. Turner, of Slough, was raised
by crossing Robert Trail and George Lightbody soou
after I began to grow Auriculas.

Carnations and Picotees.— Growers of theso
would dj well to observe the great amount of
damage done to plants infested wilh greenfly in the
winter. The pest does not increase much, if at all,
but neither do the plants grow, and if the fly is not
removed it sadly cripples the plants, besides smearing
the leaves with a black sticky mass. At p. 622
instructions are given as to the amount of water
required. See that the plants are carefully picked over
and the surface of the soil slightly stirred up when it
is necessary to do so. la less than a month a batch of
cuttings of Tree Carnations may be put in. These
early cuttings generally give the most valuable plants.
They form by the end of the following autumn large
bushy specimens in S-inch pots. The new dwarf

varieties will probably in a few years diseslablibh the
tall-growing kinds. Mr. Turner exhibited a group of
the dwarf kinds showing rich and varied colours. A
Luge plum-purple kind seems a great acqui-ition, and
another, with a distinct scarkt shade, is worthy of
extensive cultivatiun. These have their "grass" or
young growths round the base of the stems, and will
be more readily propagated by layers. It i^ the small
side growths that are formed on the stems of the tall-
growing kinds that do best in the form of cuttings,
and these form roots most readily with a gentle
bottom-heat and a square of glass laid over them.
The flowering plants still produce a succession of use-
ful flowers for culling. In the dry warm atmosphere,
whore the flowers open best, the growths, if not
wa'ched, soon become covered with greenfly. Some-
limes we dip thera, and at other limes dust with
tobacco-powder.

The Hollyhock. — Many persons seem to be
enquiring after healthy plants of thi-j grand autumn
flower. It is certainly very trying to have lo fight
against the troublesome disease, which seems always
lurking amongst the plants, ready to fasten on the
leaves and to destroy them utterly whenever the
weather is favourable to its development. I was
told of one grower who burled his plants in a bed of
leaves partially decayed, through which the growths
cime up clean from infested plants. Our own pUuts
were free from the disease all through the summer
and autuum ; but it appeared on some of them
very late, when the flowering seas^on was quite over.
This year the plants are all being left out in the open
ground, where Ihey flowered. I am anxious about
the result of this experiment. A severe winter will
doubtless destroy some ; but if it also destroys the
deadly fungoid growth we can spare a few of the
delicate conslltutloned sorts, and raise seedlings from
a healthy strain. Seedling Hollyhocks saved from
the best varieties will produce flowers as good if not
belter than the parents in at least 25 per cent, of the
produce. J, Douglas.

ard.u fruit

|ar(liitt.

Any alterations or repairs about the kitchen garden
walls, where they have been up some years, and the
nails driven into the bricks instead of the joint'^,
should be seen to. They often present an unsightly
appearance, and the hi les in the walls become breeding
and hiding places for insects. Where ihls is the case the
most effectual plan is to cement the wall all over with
Portland cement and sharp sand, in the propoition
of one of the former to three of the latter. Studs with
eyes can be driven into the wall before the cement
sets — for Peaches and Morello Cherries every second
course of bricks, but for Pears it is better every third
course, which will be 9 inches apart ; into these
eyelets galvanised wire can be strained afterwards,
taking care to have terminal holdfasts for straining
the wire. A most important thing is good copings.
Where wood is plentiful a temporary coping can be
made a foot broad, to put up during the spring
months ; to this can be suspended curtains or netting
to protect the blossom, and more especially to guard it
from hailand sleet, which is invariably followed by frost,
and it is then when the mischief Is done ; but the most
perfect coping is a projecting one of iron and glass,
which are weekly advertised in the Ganieners' Chronkie.
They are made of various widihs, from a foot lo a
yard, according to the height of the wall. Their
advantages arc many, and not ihe least is that they
admit light, and during summer can be removed when
the night dews are beneficial lo the foliage of the
liees. W^here new walls arr: in conlemplailon the
foundations can be got In, and the wall built to ihe
surface of ihe soil, but there it must remain till March,
because, were the wall buill now, the fiost will shake
the mortar and render the walls anything but satisfac-
tory. The trees could in a case of this kir d be polled
or planted In rough boxes or crates and transferred to
the borders as soon as the walls are completed. In
the case of old walls we have found it possible lo
secure horizontal trained Pear trees lo the wall by
driving in large clout nails and fastening the branches
by rope yarn. Where the ground slopes down
towards the fruit tree border a good drain should
always be placed at the edge, at least a yard deep,
and be provided with gratings to calch the Furface-
waler cff the walk. Push forward ihe pruning and
nailirg of all kinds of fruit trees. The extraordinary
mild weather is favourable for this-, and nailing is
much better performed when one is not finger-cold.
7. Rttst^ Bridge Castle^ Sussex^

?84

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 18S4.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

r Sale of Dutch Bulbs. Plants in Flouer, and
I Lilium auratum, at Protheroe & Morris'
Monday, Dec, 22 -j Rooms.

I Sale of a Collection of Hardy Bulbs and
L Roots, at Stevens" Rooms.

Tuesday. Dec. 23 f ^"^f^'^l ,^^'^ ?' *L'°'''^''i"^, ^"^ . '"•P°"«'^
' ■^ i Orchids, al I'rolheroe & Morns' Rooms,

Wednesday. Dec 24 \ ^^'^ '^'' **°'',*l'='' J''a"ts and Dutch Bulbs, at
* ^ I Stevens Rooms.

THOSE who complain of the Unloveliness
of London Streets do not do so wholly
without cause, but if they are able to recall what
they were some quarter of a century ago, and at
the same time remember how \astly the town
has increased since that time, they will not be
disposed to despair. On the contrary, thej- will
see much ground for hope. Twenty years ago
there was no Thames Embankment, the
squares, except in certain West-end districts,
were mere cat gardens, surrounded by moulder-
ing fences and old broom-like hedges ; the
parks were neglected, street planting was all
but unknown, recreation grounds did not exist.
At that time there was a very prevalent impres-
sion that it was of no use to plant anything in
so smoke-laden an atmosphere — that if the
attempt were made it would be sure to be frus-
trated by the mischievous depredations of
urchins, or the wanton destruction exercised by
the roughs. True, there were here and
there, even in the most crowded streets
of the City, isolated trees which were
pointed to as something wonderful. These
still exist for the most part, and, allowing for
age, are no worse now than they were then.
Even now they may be found in the most un-
likely spots, and it is not long since a corres-
pondent directed attention to a singular tree
growing within a few strides of the Times office,
and which we ascertained to be the Ptelea
trifoliata, a tree more remarkable as a curiosity
than for its beauty, though when bearing its Hop-
like fruits, not entirely devoid of good looks.
But since the time we speak of great advances
have been made, the river bank from West-
minster to Blackfriars, from Westminster to
Lambeth, and on the other side at Chelsea, has
been planted with, for their size, noble Planes ;
and here and there along these long lines open
spaces and gardens have been provided.
Northumberland Avenue, Trafalgar Square,
Gray's Inn Road, and other thoroughfares, have
been planted with trees. The lawyers of the
Temple, not generally credited with over-abun-
dance of sympathy, have belied their traducers
by generously throwing open, at certain times,
their quaint, reposeful gardens, to the infinite
satisfaction of thousands of people of all classes.
Further East, the Bow Road is lined with
trees which for the most part are doing well.
The Metropolitan Public Garden, Boulevard,
and Playground Association,whose second annual
report is now before us, has done good service in
making attempts to secure large and small plots
of available land, disusedburial grounds, squares,
and the like for the public use. Open spaces
where nothing beyond can be obtained are of
no little value, but where the space allows of a
few trees being planted, or a few seats being
placed, the boon is great beyond what our
country friends can imagine. Any space where
the young, the feeble, the merely wearied, can
escape but for a few moments from the dust
.ind din of our crowded thoroughfares is an
.almost unmixed benefit, and when the repose
can be enhanced by the sight of verdant foliage
and spreading trees an amount of good to mind
and body is procured at an expenditure almost
infinitesimal in proportion to the accruing
advantages. The Society we have mentioned
points out that there are within the metro-
politan area no fewer than 404 burial grounds
of which forty-one are open to the public as
gardens, twenty-seven are unbuilt over, eight
are offered as building sites, twenty-one are
still in use as burial grounds, ninety-seven have

been built over, while 210 still remain closed
for burial purpose;, but inaccessible to the
public, though still unbuilt over. It is now
illegal to build over these disused burial grounds,
and every effort should be made to utilise them
for the benefit of the living.

Vast as is the task still to be accomplished
belore London streets and courts can be sweet-
ened and beautified by foliage, resting-places
found for the weary, and playgrounds for the
children, enough has been done to shatter the
old prejudice that trees will not grow in London.
Given appropriate soil, free from contamination
by gas-leakage, and assuming the selection of
the right sort of tree, there is no physical reason
why miles and miles of our streets, and acres .ind
.acres of courts and squares and open spaces may
not be planted. It is not a case forelaborate orna-
mental gardening ; that would often be out of
place, and would be likely to result in failure. Let
those who want that pay for it themselves. The
simpler requirements of health, repose, and
beauty can be met without lavish expenditure,
and should be attended to by the local authori-
ties and legal tribunals, already rightly jealous
of selfish infringement upon God's free gift of
light and air.

The question of how to procure suitable soil
is, indeed, often difiHcult of solution ; the selec-
tion of appropriate trees is much more easy,
and were it left to experts, who know what
will do and what will not do in London, might
easily be settled. The general belief seems to
be that the Plane is practically the only tree
for the purpose, but this is far from being the
case, and the Plane, excellent as it is, is only
available in large open spaces ; to put it into
narrow streets, where its roots have not room
to spread, nor its boughs to stretch themselves
out, is to court failure and induce ridicule. But
there are Ailantus, Laburnums, Copper Beech,
many species of Pyrus, Magnolia acuminata,
the common Fig, Poplars, Ash, Tulip trees,
Robinias, Willows, Maples, especially Acer
dasycarpum, Naples Alder, and scores of others,
that will succeed in London almost, if not quite
as well as the Plane, and which, where not
naturally of moderate stature, can easily be
kept so. Limes, Elms, and Horse Chestnuts,
so beautiful in the country, are not to be re-
commended as town trees in confined localities,
nor can we recommend Thorns, though they
are occasionally planted. Conifers are out of
the question. Where shrubs are required thick-
leaved plants like Hollies, Aucubas, Japan
Privets, Skimmia, Osmanthus, Japanes \'ibur-
num, Ligustrum coriaceum, and the beautiful
but little-known Choisya ternata, all do well.

The choice in the most smoky and confined
neighbourhoods is not such a very limited one
as might be expected, but judgment is required
to select the right tree for the right place. A
knowledge of the size to which a tree is likely
to attain, a sense of proportion and fitness of
things, such as the average vestryman is not
likely to possess, are imperative requirements.
Moreover, supposing the trees to be planted,
some care is necessary to protect them, to
prevent their being blown over by wind or
otherwise injured, and it is just this care and
maintenance, really trifling in amount, which
are so often wanting in our urban and suburban
streets.

An enterprising builder with an eye to front-
age runs up a lot of houses with forecourts ; he
sticks in trees at a considerable cost by the
road-side ; it is a question whether they are
even staked ; if they are, the ties become
loosened, the guards, if ever used, fall to pieces,
the trees are barked by the teeth of the butcher's
horse, or slashed with the knife of the baker's
boy ; a breeze springs up, snap goes the tree, or
it is blown out of the perpendicular, and there
it is allowed to remain— a ghastly monument of
carelessness and folly. This may be seen in

almost any suburban road near London. Con-
trast this with some streets in the more densely .
populated parts of London, where private enter- I
prise and judicious carefulness have produced '
quite other results. Take some parts of Chelsea,
for instance — we do not allude to the recently
planted Embankment, but to parts of Oakley
Street, Margaretta Street, and other adjacent
streets. Here, in spite of steam-rollers, which
have in some cases crushed and bruised the
roots, and caused the consequent death of
some of the branches, yet the avenues of
Robinias or False Acacias are doing remark-
ably well. Their size is not likely ever to be
disproportionate ; they will give shade where
it is wanted and not shut out the light from
the upper rooms. The graceful feathery foliage
and pleasing green colour form a welcome con-
trast to the hard lines of the buildings and to
the red bricks of which ihey are constructed.
A similar avenue at Turnham Green, of course
under more favourable circumstances, attracts
much attention from those who see it.

On a large scale there may be a difficulty in
procuring, at a moderate cost, appropriate trees
in sufficient abundance, but where the numbers
required are relatively small a visit to a good J

tree nursery would reveal scores of trees of I
moderate stature, power of endurance and
fitting " habit " that would not encroach
unduly on the footway or the roadway, which
would not shut out light or induce unwhole-
some moisture, which should be of a form
that should either harmonise or contrast with
the adjacent buildings, according to circum-
stances and taste, and which might be
had at a moderate cost. Where the space is
large, and the means at command ample,
of course the resourches available are pro-
portionately larger. But in any case, with a
really very moderate expense and judg-
ment, and a minimum expenditure of subse-
quent care and attention, miles of unsightly
streets might be rendered grateful to the senses
and healthful to the inhabitants. If Planes must
be used always — for which, as we have said,
there is no real necessity — they might here and
there be pruned to form delightful covered walks
such as are so grateful in Italian cities. We are
not advocates for topiary work of this character,
as a rule, we have too much love and respect for
the noble works of Nature to look on their
mutilation with indifference, but there may be
circumstances where, for the sake of pleasing
shade and repose, we might be content to
sacrifice something for the sake of comfort.

Christmas Arrangement. — Owing to the

fact that Christmas day falls on Thursday next it will
be necessary for us to publish the paper on Wednes-
day, December 24, instead of on Friday as usual.
Correspondents are therefore requested to be so
good as to send in any manuscript intended for pub.
licalion that week not later than Monday next,
December 22.

Our Christmas Number. — With the

number for the following week we propose to issue as
a special supplement a large double page engraving
of the magnificent rock garden at Slanclifl'e, Derby-
shire, the seat of Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart.

Smila.x aspera.— The Smilax of which we

publish an illustration (fig. 134) is a very beautiful half-
hardy evergreen climber, well suited for conservatory
decoration. It was sent to us by Mr. Buri;idge under
the name of Smilax tamnoides, but as we were unable
to identify it with any species that h.is received this or
a similar appellation, we applied to M. DE Canoollk,
the monographer of the genus in question, who in reply
to our enquiry says that it is one of the many forms of
Smilax aspera allied to the forms genuina and mauri-
tanica. If the plant is of considerable size (as we
believe is the case), it is probably S. aspera var.
mauritanica, but the gradations between the two
forms are numerous. The group comprising S. aspera

Decemher 20, i8S4.'|

7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

785

Fig. 134.— smilax aspera, var, : flowers greenish-yellow, fragrant.

and S, pendulina is very distioct in having sessile
fascicles of flowers arranged in long spikes. S.
aspera is widely difi'used in the Mediterranean region,
Northern Africa, and India, and presents a well-
marked swelling (in the dry state) at the apex of the
leaf-stalk, while in S. pendulina, from Madeira, this
swelling is not obvious, but the nerves of the leaf
pass gradually into the stalk without the intervention
of any swelling. The plant from which our figure
was taken was grown in a cold greenhouse at Sutton,
Co. Dublin, by Mrs. L. Lawrenson. It is, we are

informed, planted out in a shady corner of a cool peat
bed, and is trained up the side wall and roof. Its
leaves are useful in all seasons for cutting, and they
endure fresh in water for many weeks. The species
of Smilax bear their greenish male and female Bowers
respectively on different plants, the female flowers
being succeeded by a roundish purplish berry.

" ZiNCONlA." — In this material we have a

translucent material very suitable for shading flowering
plants and Ferns during the summer, or for making

temporary roots for Sikkim Rhododendrons that may
be growing in beds in the open. It is ordinary per-
forated zinc plate, the holes being filled in with some
kind of gum or varnish, which stands moisture well,
but has not been tried in warm sunshine. It is
much lighter than glass, and is easily fixed on wooden
framing. The maker is W. Kennedy, 7, Robertson
Street, Glasgow.

What is an Amateur ?— We are informed

that the National Rose Society has in its byelaws

786

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 18

' efined an amateur as one who il ■■"= not l.r.l>iiimlly
■ ell plants or flowers. We are aTraid this decision will
lead to disputes as to the meaning to be attached to
the word " habitually." An ordinary dealer does not
wait tin he receives an application for his produce ;
liul he puts up a board on his [^ate, or a brass plate
on his door, he advutlies (that is, he ought to do!),
he publishes his catalogue and he diiluses it broadcast,
and he sells to all and any. An amateur proper does
none of these things, though he may not be disposed
to say No to an offer that is made to him by a friend.
Still, if he would preserve his amateurship pure, we
would advise him even under such circumstances not
to say Ves loo often, and to be particular not to
employ "habitual" assistance,

The "Botanical Magazine." — It is a

matter of interest to note to whom the successive
volumes of this publication are dedicated. This year
the honour falls on Mr. John Bali, a former Pre-
sident of the Alpine Club, and well known tor his
writings on the vegetation of the Alps and of
Marocco.

Kohler's "Medicinal Plants." — The

coloured plates of this work, devoted to medicinal
plants, are the best we know of — true to Nature and
correct as to detail. The price is remarkably low.

Tub: "Technical Journal." — Messir.

Ward & Lock have issued the first part of what
promises to be a very useful journal for workmen.
Its aim is to place before the reader in clear and in-
telligible language, aided by all the fulness and com-
pleteness of graphic illustration, the practical details
of the leading handicrafts and trades with which the
industry of man is concerned. In subsequent numbers
the landowner, the farmer, the gardener, and the
market gardener, will find the principles and the
practice of the general methods of making land pro-
fitable, while the land drainer, the irrigator, and the
road maker, will also be catered for. One feature of
the publication will be a " cyclopredic technical dic-
tionary," in which the leading technical and trade
terms will be fully explained, their derivation traced,
and their equivalents in German and French noted.
Such a publication can hardly fail to be of great value.

Changes Induced by Cultivation. —

Interesting examples of the leaves of Sagittaria mon-
tevidensis were exhibited by Mr. W. T. Thiselton
DVER before the Linnean Society, en December 4.
The small leaves were from a plant raised from seeds
collected in Chili by Mr. John Ball, F.R.S., and
sent to Kew in 1S83 ; these were grown in a pot
half submerged in the Nymphaja tank. The enor-
mously large leaf and spike were those of a plant
raised from seeds ripened at Kew and sown in the
spring of 1SS4. When strong enough the plant was
planted in a bed of muddy soil, kept saturated by
means of a pipe running from the beil to the Nym-
phaea tank. The changes thus induced were so great
and remarkable as regards size and general facies,
that without e-;3ggeration, and if their history had not
been known, they might have been deemed plants of
widely separate genera.

Mk. Bockett's Orchids.— Many of the

cool Orchids formerly the property of the late J. S.
BOCKETT, Esq., of The Hall, Stamford Hill, fetched
high prices at the auction sale at Messrs. Protheroe
& Morris' Rooms, on Tuesday and Wednesday last
— a fine plant of Odontoglossum .'\ndersonianum,
^11 0J-. 6i/. ; Cypripedium albo purpureum,/^4i4r. 6i/. ;
a Ctelogyne cristata, ^4 14.C, bj. ; C. Lemoiniana,
/4 14J. 6,/. ; Odontoglossum Chesteitoni, ^S igt. bJ.;
a Masdevallia Ilarryana, £<, los. ; a yellow ground
Odontoglossum, with the spotting of C*. Pescatorei,
fetched /53 I u. ; another O. Alexandra; excellens,
rfil II, ; O. mulus, Bockett's variety, £,it,2!. \ an O.
Alcxandrse in flower, bringing 13 guineas; and O. A.
gutlatum 10 guineas ; two ICpidcndrums Imperator, a
scarce, beautiful species, brought 7 guineas each. The
total amount realised at the well attended sale was

.<:;i"5o-

Growth ok Trees and I'rototlasmic

CoNTlNUixy. — A communication on this subject by
Mr. Alfred Tvlor was read at the meeting of the
Linnean Society on Dec. 4. Experiments were related
concerning the curvatureof branches, particularly those
of the Horse Chestnut. The author pointed out that
the terminal bud of the side branches is constantly
directed upward, but is straightened out at a later

stage of growth. Further, he found that terminal buds,
when directed by being tied against a tree trunk, or
plank, invariably turned away from the obstruction
irrespective of the incidence of light. When the
growing points of neighbouring br.anches were turned
oiieclly towaids each c ther Ihey mutually turned aside
or one stopped growth. Mr. Tvlor conceives the
nccessiiy for some co-ordinating system to enable the
parts to act in concert, and attributes this to a con-
tinuity of the threads of protoplasm. The paper
was illustrated by diagrams and photographic slides
shown by the oxyhydrogen light.

■ The Koyal Botanic Society oi' London ;

Si'ECiAL Prizes foe Amaryllis^ — An amateur,
anxious to encourage the cultivation of this fine race of
p.Iants, offers the following prizes to be competed for
at the Royal Botanic Society's first spring show, on
Wednesday, March 25, iSSj. All these classes are
open : — ■

A. — For the best seedling. 1st pri^e, ,/2 ; 2d prize,

B. — For the best six Amaryllis, named. Preference
will be given to the collection that contains the best pro-
portions of light and dark varieties. 1st prize £1 ; 2d
Prize ;^ I.

C. — For the best variety selected from among the
]3lants exhibited in Class B. For the best dark variety,
£\ \ for the second best, lor. ; for the best light variety,
£x : for the second best, loi.

Fine form and substance are the points especially
aimed at. Colour will not be regarded unless two
flowers should, in other points, be considered equal in
merit ; the better coloured of the two would then re-
ceive the higher prize. These prizes will be awarded
only on condition that the exhibits are considered to
beof sufficient merit. All other conditions and regu-
lations will be those of the Royal Botanic Society,
and carried out by its ofiicers,

Flower Boxes — The committee appointed by

the Council of the Royal Botanic Society to award the
Silver and Bronze Medals for boxes for carriage of cut
flowers by Parcels Post, report that they advertised cer-
tain conditions to be complied with in competition for
such medals. Eight manufacturers submitted sample
boxes of cardboard, wood, and metal, both folding and
rigid. The committee awarded the Silver Medal to
Messrs. R. IlALL & Son, of Hammet Street,
Minories, E., for a tin box, 15 > 9 x 6 inches, costing
91. 6(/. per dczen, well made and strong, capable of
holding about 2 lb. of cut flowers ; and the Bronze
Jledal to Mr. J. W. Hoffman, of 54, Junction
Road, N., for a small tin box with lifting frame, fur-
nished with elastic bands to hold single flowers or
sprays, the ends of the stalks dipping into damp moss
at the bottom of the box,

■ • Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti-
tution,— We have good reason to believe that the
amount required to increase the pensions has been
obtained, and it is a matter of no little satisfaction
that this happy result has been brought about, to a
large extent, through the exertions of the gardeners
themselves. It has been particularly gratifying to
find that the young gardeners and others, whose
resources are not large, have shown their good-will
by contributing according to their means. Some
additional lists have been sent to us from
various persons, but owing to the pressure on our
space we are not able to print in detail any further
lists of names of donors who have sent their contri-
butions through some other source. It must suffice
to say that Mr. Owen Thomas, of the Chatsworth
Gardens, sends a fourth list of contributions, amount-
ing to ^14 7.t. 61/. ; and Mr. II. J. Clayton, of
Grimston Park Gxrdens, a list amounting to ;^ 16 3^.6*/.
Other sums received by ourselves are acknowledged
in another column,

Honour to an F.dinburgh Firm.—

Messrs. Thomas Metiiven & Sons, of Edinburgh,
have just received a Royal warrant, appointing them
nurserymen, seedsmen, .and florists to Her Majesty
the Queen at Edinburgh,

Tai'EINOTES Carolin.'E major. — There is

a beautiful and characteristic figure of the typical
phnt in the Botanical Mai^aziiic, t. 5623, and the
variety under consideration and flowering in the stove
at Kew differs in no respect except the size, which
seems more robust and vigorous. Whether this

varietal diff-.-rence is permanent or merely the result
of favourable conditions in its cultivation, il is not
unworthy of attention, seeing that such advances, if
persevered in, may lead to some decided improve-
ment. Accoruing to the most recent authorities the
genus is now included in lliat of Sinningia, the mem-
bers of which are exceedingly variable in minute
particulars wi'.h regard to the shape of the corolla. It
is while in this instance, very hairy, obliquely bent
do-.vnwards and contracted near ihe mouth, and
although not so conspicuous as a highl} coloured one
is at once striking and curious. The large and hand-
some leaves are red on the under- surface.

Memecylon eamiflorum.— Few of these

have been introduced to this counlry, although about
100 species are known to science, natives of several
tropical countries, but abounding in Ceylon. The
one under notice is a native of the latter island, as
well as Mauritius. It forms a slow-growing,
densely bushy evergreen, about 4 or 5 feet in height,
and is accordingly well suited for stove cultivation.
The intense green leathery leaves remind one of an
Ixora, but the spreading branches are somewhat
drooping in Iheir habit, giving to Ihe plant a more
graceful appearance than Ixoras in general have.
The flowers are freely produced in axillary clusters,
and open successionally for months during the winter
season. The rosy-pink globular calyxes resemble
small berries, while the petals are of a deep violet.
The young foliage is also beautifully tinged with
violet. A specimen in flowering condition may be
seen in the Victoria-house at Kew.

Fatsia JAl'ONICA. — Every one is familar with

this plant as a first-class decorative subject that will
withstand a great amount of bad usage to which plants
used for this purpose are often subjected. But if we
could acclimatise it so as to withstand the severity of
our climate an immense gain for Ihe outdoor garden
would be Ihe result. The great leathery palmately-
lobed leaves would constitute it a fit subject to isolate
as a specimen on Ihe lawn. The efl'ect of cultivation
in a rich soil in the open air does not alter the size ol
the leaves to a tithe of the extent that it does in the
case of its near ally, F. papyrifera. There can be no
question, however, as to which will wilhstand the
most cold. Plants of the former subjected to the
severe winter of iSiio — Si lost their leading buds, but
broke freely afterwards. A fine specimen sheltered
under the wall of Ihe Orchid-house at Kew has stood
out a number of winters, and has been flowering freely
for some time. It is a much branched bush, about
4 feet high and a yard through. Only one other
species is known inhabiting Japan and North-west
America.

— — The New Dahlias of 1SS4. — It may be
slated of Ihe two firms to which florists look mainly
for new varieties- viz., Mr. C. Turner, Royal
Nursery, Slough, and Messrs. Keynes & Co.,
Castle Slreet Nursery, Salisbury —that while Mr.
Turner's list of new show Dahlias v;3s a very small
one, consisting of only three varieties, Messrs.
Keynes & Co. had eight, about their usual number.
But Mr. Turner's trio included undoubtedly
the very best Bower of the year — namely Hurst's
Mrs. Gladstone. It is a floral honour of the highest
value to be Ihe raiser of this beautiful flower, so
perfect in all the parts which go to constitute high-
class quality, and of so deliciously soft and deli-
catea tint of colour ! We saw it shown in not a few
places, and alix'ays in its best charac'er — it seemed so
constant ; it supplies a really constant delicate variety,
much to Ihe delight of exhibitors. Mr. Turner
describes it as of a delicate soft pink, but he admits
it is a shade not easy to describe. No doubt the
summer of 1SS4 suited il admirably, but wilh adequite
protection it can be relied upon in any season. Mr,
Turner's other new varieties were Muriel (Fel-
LOWEs), a clear yellow self, large in size and very
constant, but inclined to coarseness. When in good
form it makes a fine back-row flower in an exhibition
stand. The third. Ruby Gem (Harris), has a ruby-
crimson ground with a yellow tip, something in the
way of a variety known as StatVord's Gem ; close
compact centre, fairly good outline ; very pretty, but
difficult to gel in exhibition form. Of the nine show
varieties sent out by Messrs. Keynes & Co., eight of
them were of their own raising, viz., Dewdrop, dark
primrose, good petal and outline, but by no means
attractive in colour; Lucy Berry, lilac, suflused with

DeCBMBER 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

787

wliile at the base of the petals -a lair Rawer, but
wanting in size; Mrs. V. Koremsn, a rich bright
lil;ic self — a fitst-class exhibiiion variety, fonn excel-
lent, centre high, large in bizt; without coarseness,
-n.l in every respect a gtaml exhibiiion vaiiely ; Mrs.
tj. K. JeUoul, deep ytlluw, rather above average
sr/.e, line centre, petal, and outline — a good useful
variety ; Mrs. \V. Ilaskins, of a lovely shade of
fawn, very pleasing in colour — 6ne form, distinct, and
very pretty ; Mrs. Staples, yellow, edged with crim-
son— a perfect model in point of form and finish, but
too small for exhibition purposes ; .Statesman, rich
bright crimson flushed with purple— a large and finely
formed flower of the best properties, and vcrj useful
as a show vaiiely ; and Reporter, a deep crimson, or
rich maroon self, of e.xcellent properties, constant,
and very useful. The ninth flower is tirand National
(EcKi'OKD), a large jellow self, but certainly coarse ;
perhaps the season did not suit it. Of new fancy
varieties Mr. TuR.NER had but one to send out in May
last, \ih., Duchess of Albany, of his own raising— a
charming striped variety, the ground colour pale
orange, with rich crimson stripes ; pretty, distinct,
and of good form. Messrs. Keynks i Co. had two
of their own raising, viz., .Mderman, lilac, heavily
stiiped and spotted with purple— a c;ipital variety in
all respects, and having a peculiarly dwaif habit of
growth, certainly not exceeding 2 feet ; and Gold-
linch, yellow, striped with purple and tipped with
white — very attractive in colour, but wanting in form,
and therefore of little value for exhibition purposes.
The remaindfr of the Salisbury trio is Lotty Eck-
ford, white, beautifully striped with purple, charming
in point of co'our, good form, and very free. On the
whole the new vaiieties of the year contribute some
decided acquisitions. In the face of a formidable list
of fine ^how and fancy varieties the improvement
must of necessity be slower than it was formerly ;
but there is no lack of attempt, and in the long
run this is bound to result in some substantial im-
provement. K. D.

Publications Received. — S/iiJmls'

F.kmenls of Ccjhgy, By Sir C1IARLE.S Lyell.
Fourth edition. Revised by Dr. Martin Duncan.

The Weather. — Summary of temperauuc

and duiaiion of biight sunshine in the United King-
dom for agdeiibiuid and sanitary purposes for the
week ending Minday, Dec. 15, 1884. issued by the
Meteorological Ofi'ice, 116, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. :— The weather has continued in a dull, un-
settled, and rainy condition generally. Some hail
or sleet showers were experienced at several of our
westerly and northerly stations towards the close of
the period, while in a few places lightning was
observed. The temperature has been above the mean
in all districts, the excess varying from 2° in '* Scot-
land, N,," to as much as 5° or 6' over the greater
p-irt of England. The maxima, which were recorded
in most places on the I3lh, ranged from 58° in the'
'• -Midland Counties " (at Hereford), and 55^ or 56° in
nearly all other districts to 51° in "Scotland, N."
The minima were generally registered on the loth,
and varied from 27° in " Ireland, S.," and 28° in
"England, S.W.," to 34° in "Scotland, VV.," and
3S' in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has been
rather less than the mean over "E.," "Central,"
and "N.E. England," and about equal toils normal
value in the " Channel Islands," but in all other parts
of the kingdom a decided excess is shown. The bright
sunshine has again been very deficient over the whole
country. In most of the English and Scotch districts
there has only been between 2 per cent, and 9 per
cent, of the possible number of hours, and over
Ireland between 12 per cent, and 16 per cent., while
in " Scotland, N." the weather was again quite sun-
less. Depressions observed : — The distriliution of
barometric pressure has continued very similar to that
of last week, pressure being highest over France,
with rather deep depressions, travelling in a north-
easterly direction outside or over our north-westerly
and western coasts. Southerly to south-westerly
winds have consequently been very general, and
though moderate to fresh on most days, have at times
blown fresh or strong gales on many of our coasts,
while in the north of Scotland on the 14th the force
of a whole gale was reached,

Gardening Appointment. — Mr. G.

Wythes, as Head Gardener to Lord Hatherton,
Geddesley Park, Penkri.-lge, Staftordshire.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Allium alvcrantuum. — A tall East Himalayan
species, with no bulbs, but with flat leaves and
terminal umbels of lilac flowers. Introduced by Mr.
Klwes from a hciijht of 13.000 feet on the mountains
of SikUim, or Tibet. Ii is hence likely to be hardy,
and to be one of the finest Alliums in cultivation.
Botaniail Mai^a'Auc^ t. 67S9.

Begonia Madame Linden.— A new seedling
raised by MM. Illancquaert & Vermeircn. The
plant is of good habit, the flower-stalk short, stout,
erect, with large, circular, reddish-scarlet flowers of
large si^e and good substance, and showing a ten-
dency to become double. Judging from the ligure in
the Illustration Ilorticok^ t. 535, it is a fine variety.

Cereus Engelmanni. — A succulent, with an
ovate, cylindrical, erect, unbranched item, wiih
thirteen prominent ribs, thickly beset with tufts of
straight, spreading, whitish spines, and bearing
medium-sized flowers of a rich ro.^y-blac colour. The
plant is figured in the last number of the Cartenjloi a,
t. 1175.

ClIAM.r.CLADON METALLICU.M.— An Aroid with
tufted leaves, long reddish stalks, and ovate-acute,
bronzy-green leaves, reddish on the under-surface.
It is a native of Uorneo, ard is described by Mr. N.
E. Brown in the Illust. I/o>t,, t. 5S9.

Dahlia Prof. Burvenicii. — A show variety of
good form and substance, and of a reddish-salmon
colour. It was raised by M. Scalabre Delcour, of
Tourcoing, and is figured in the Revue de l''Hori,

DicHOTKlcilUM TERNATUM. — A very remarkable
climbing Gesnerad, emitting roots from the stem, and
hi^ving leaves in pairs, the members of each pair very
unequal— one koothed, broad, cordate ovate, the
other very small, like a little ear. The peduncles
are axillary, long, pendulous, bearing at the end a
cymose umbel of upturned flowers, each with a small
cup-like calyx and an irregularly lunnel-shaped scarlet
corolla, with a curved cylindrical tulie about an inch
long, and a flat 5-lobcd limb. Native of Ternate, one
of the Moluccas. Botanical Magazine,

Hydrangea petiol.iris. — A Japanese species, of
climbing habit, sending out adventitious roots from
the stem. The leaves are opposite, on long hairy
stalks, the flower-heads 8— 10 inches across, wiih
white conspicuous but neuter marginal flowers, and
greenish fertile central one:, which present the pecu-
liarity that the petals are coherent wiih a cap, as in
the \^ine. BotSiical Magazine, t. 67SS.

K/EMTFERIA ORNATA. — A tufied plant, with
sheathing petioles and linear lanceolate blades,
4— S inches long, i — i^ inch broad, deep green above,
with a central sdver stripe, and russety-brown on the
under-surface. A highly ornamental stove foliage
plant from Borneo, figured in the Illustration I/orti-
cole, t. 537.

NiDULARIUM ACANTHOCRATER.— The Spiny CUp

here indicated con^i^ts of a tuft of oblong-obtuse
leaves, each about 18 inches long, with spiny teeth at
the margin, and a strong spine at the tip, dark green
with blackish spot$. The flowers arc inconspicuous,
in dense clusters, surrounded by the leaves, the inner-
most, those nearest the fl jwers, being in some
foims inky-black, at other times port-wine coloured ;
hence two varieties, the black, or bluish-black one
called Proidrpine, the rose-coloured one Pluto. The
plant is figured in the Bcli^iquc Horticole, t. 9, 18S4.

Phyllocactus CRENATA GRANDIFLORA :■: . — A
hybrid between P. crenatus and Cercus grandiflorus.
Il is of dwarf habit, and with the stem of a Phyllo-
cactus, while the flowers are more like those u{
Cereus grandiflorus. The latter is a night-flowering
species, but the flowers of the hybrid remain open for
two or three days and nights. Gaiten/lora, t. 1176.

Plectranthus Fa.,TiDWS. — A tropical Australian
Labiate, with coarse ovate crenate leaves, and ring-
like clusters of lilac flowers in erect branching spikes,
2 feet long, " with a snowy coat of wool enlivened
by the beautiful cobalt-blue of the corolla." Botanical
Magazine,

Salvia paniculata. — A South African species
with ovate toothed rough leaves and branching
panicles of pale violet flov/ers. Botanical Magazine^
t. 6790.

TuLii'A Borsczowi.— One of the prettiest Tulips
of the group to which T. oculus solis belongs, and
which have the inner surface of their bulb-scales
covered with hair. I" ij a Persian pbnt, wiih undu-

late leaves and crimson flowers, with acuminate seg-
ments. Carten/lora, t. I176.

Vkiesia Duvaliana. — Under this name ^^. Ed.
Morren describes in a recent number of the Btl^i<jue
Ilortitolc, t. 78, a Brazilian specius with small tufis ,
o( oblong-acuminate leaves, dilated at the base, ar.d
with a rosy-bronze shade, a tall, central, flat, elliptic
flower-spike, with two rows of scarlet boal-sha[it.d
bracts and yellowish flowers with green lips.

ON POTATO DISKASKS.

The disease which, by its dire destructive influence
upon the Potato, has come to be universally desig-
nated " the Potato disease," is by no means the only
affection to which Putatos are liable. Not only are
the tubers liable to be destroyed by the fungus kno.in
to botanists as Phytophthora infcstans, but several
other causes operate to impair or destroy the vabie
of this important food prod act, aniong.st which may
be mentioned the following : —

A. Diseased conditions arising from causes affecting
the growth of the plant itself :^i. (ireen tubers ; 2,
Hollow tubers ; 3. Supertuberation.

B. Diseased conditions arising from causes external
to the plant : — r. The Potato disease (Pljyt(jphihora
infcstans) ; 2. Wet rot (Bacillus araylobacler. Van
Teighem) ; 3. Dry rot; 4. Scab; 5. Spotting or
mottling.

This list might probably be much further ex'ended,
but for our present purpose it includes all the diseased
conditions of the Potato to which allubion will be
made in this communication.

Gkeen Tuuers. — The occurrence of green tubers
needs no explanation beyond mentioning the fact that
the earthing-up of the Potato plant, which is now the
almost universal practice in this country, is com-
monly thought to be done, by those who trouble
themselves to think at all about it, in order to pre- .
vtnt this greening of the tubers. In point of fact, it
is a routine practice which has been found by experi-
ence to be the best mode ol Potato culture. It is in
reality the only means we possess of preventing the
disease (Phytophthora) from attacking the tubers. I
was much struck by the effijctuil manner in which
Potatos are moulded in the gardens at Chi^Avick when
I observed two rows so lilghly and neatly moulded
la^t September that I mistook them for cxpeiimenlal
rows grown on the Jensenian method, so carefully had
the soil been patted down with the spade, unlil Mr.
W. G. Smith assured me that this was the usual
system of culture employed in the gardens.

Hollow Tuiseks. — This is another condition
which need not detain us long. It commonly occurs
in the largest tubers, and is simply a reversion on the
part of the tuber to the hollow which normally exists
in the other parts of the stem. If the cells forming
the walls of the hollow be examined microscopically
they will be found to be empty of starch, and present
the appearance known as cork formation. If a tuber
be cut across in which the hollow is beginning to
form, it will very often be found that the centre of
the tuber ii brown in colour. This central browning
has been mistaken for the true Potato disease
(Phytophthora), but no mycelium of this fungus can
be found in the cells of the brown spot ; neilhc-r if
tubers thus affected be sliced and placed under a bell-
glass does any development of conidia take place.
Moreover, if one of these tubers be kept for a few
weeks no extension of the brown centre takes place.
Although no conidia are developed from the brown
centre when a section of an affected tuber is placed
under a bell-glass, yet a growth of various moulds
sometimes occurs, as has been observed by Dr.
Masters. In some of the Adirondack tubers grown
this year in the experimental plot at Chiswick Mr. 10.
Rostrup observed that a P.imularia had been developed
upon the brown centre. Although Ramularia is a
truly parasitic genus of fungi, yet it is obvious that
much might have happened in the way of extraneous
infection during the three or four weeks which elapsed
between the time the tubers were bisected at Chis-
wick, and when Mr. Rostrup examined them in Den-
mark. The characteristic appearance of a Ramularia
may be simulated by various nonparasitic species of
mucedmes, and hence I incline to the belief that the
Ramularia noticed by Mr. Rostrup was an accidental
growth, not in any way connected with the formation
of the central brown discoloration,

788

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Dkcembek 20, 1SS4.

Diseased Tubers (Phytophthora). — Tubers
affected with the mycelium of Phytophthora infestans
present certain characteristics which it is important
to remember. So familiar are we with this diseased
condition that we are apt to regard every brown spot
upon a tuber as the result of the presence of the
mycelium of this fungus. The great characteristic of
this aflfection is that it always — as was pointed out by
Kiihn * in 1859 — commences on the exterior of the
tubers, and extends inwards to a greater or lesser
extent. This arises from the fact that the infection
of tubers takes place, as De Bary f has shown,
from the zoospores piercing the epidermis with
their germ tubes and developing a mycelium
which is characterised by the peculiar manner in
which it produces the well-known browning of
these tissues with which it comes in contact.
More recently the same writer, in his paper in the
journal of the Royal Agriculiural Society, in
1875, X refers to this paper in the Annales as
containing a full account of the subject, but
makes no allusion to any desire to modify his
views there expressed in any single particular.
It has been asserted that the mycelium passes down
the leaf-stalks into the stem ; through this it obtains
access to the other leaves, as well as to the under-
ground branches, and through them to the Potatos
themselves. This view of the way in which the
tubers become affected has naturally been very gener-
ally accepted by English botanists ; foremost amongst
its supporters is Mr. W. G. Smith, but with the
utmost respect for those eminent botanists who accept
this view I venture to assert that De Bary's statement
is the correct explanation of the phenomena in ques-
tion. It does not appear that this view, current in
Great Britain, has ever been supported by any expe-
rimental research whatever, whereas De Bary's views
are founded upon a long series of the most careful
observations. Further, the processes are easily
observable by any one who cares to take the trouble
to do so. The mere placing of the spores upon the
surface of a tuber while it is still moist as it comes
from the ground will be followed almost invariably
by the development of mycelium in its interior. Mr.
Murray informs me that he has even succeeded in
doing this with such thick-skinned Potatos as Cham-
pion, a variety that has hitherto been regarded as
being the most disease- resisting at present known.
It is equally easy to demonstrate that the disease does
not travel down inside the stem by enveloping a few
inches of a healthy stem in cotton-wool, securing it
so firmly above as to prevent water from passing down
between the stem and the wool. If the plant be now
watered with spore-charged water poured upon it
through the rose of a common watering-pot, in
a lew days the whole of the plant above
and below the cotton-wool will become diseased,
whereas that part of the stem which is protected
by the cotton-wool will be green and healthy.
In a question of this kind, however, it generally
happens that the mass of mankind accepts the state-
ments which are generally accepted rather than appeal
directly to Nature — an ever available source of infor-
mation. Personally I never had the slightest doubt
cross my mind concerning the truth of this British
theory until I found that amongst Continental botanists
it was not credited, but upon the contrary the views
of De Bary were universally accepted. This led me
to try the above experiments, which convinced me of
the accuracy of the statements of the eminent Stras-
burg Professor. No one has up [to the present pub-
lished any experiments or observations, either in this
country or abroad, as far as I know, tending to cast
doubt upon De Bary's views. Whether any one will
be found courageous enough to venture to do so re-
mains to be seen : as the case at present stands the
facts are all upon De Bary's side, theory only being
against him. The appearance of the browning pro-
duced by the mycelium of Phytopthora is worthy of
careful notice. It is not a diffused discoloration.
The discoloration is deep, opaque brown, almost the
colour nf a Chestnut. The affected tissue is, as De
Hary has pointed out, harder and drier than the
healthy parts of the tuber. If a thin slice of an
nffected tuber be held up to the light the unaffected
parts, being translucent, contrast strongly with the
variously shaped diseased <:pots which are opaque ; in

•■ KUhti, Die Krankketten der Kutlnrgewdchse (1859). p. 207.

t De Bary, Annales des Sciences Nat.. 4 series, vol. xx., pp.
57 — 'i' (o^ the reprint), plate s. fig- 5 (1863),

X Oe liary, " Researches into ihe N..tufc of the Potaio
Fuiij^us," Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 1875,
p. 339.

a very thin slice these diseased spots will be seen to
consist of an aggregation of small dark brown opaque
specks of very various forms and sizes. The odour of
the affected tubers is very little, if at all, different from
that of sound ones. If they are kept in a dry place
for a short time the diseased spots lose moisture by
evaporation and shrink, so that their presence is
shown on the exterior of the tubers by a number of
irregular depressed places.

On placing a minute fragment of one of
these browned spots under the microscpe the
presence of the Phytopthora mycelium can readily be
made out. The myceline tubes are rather large
(8 — 10 mk.) in diameter, generally unseptate, and
inter- rather than intra-cellular. If the tuber be but
recently affected, its cut surface will produce from these
brown spots conidiophores and conidia if it be placed
under a bell-glass. It, however, according to my expe-
rience, soon loses this power, and I incline to think
that the period during which it retains its vitality
has been over-estimated. This conidia-producing
capability is one of the best and most easily applicable

in about ten days ; at 45^, not until fourteen days. The
discoloration, however, invariably ensues when in-
fection has taken place. Shortly after the browning
of the Potato tissues has taken place the mycelium
gives origin to conidiophores, wilhin a few hours at
75", but not until after two or three days at 45°.

[To be contiftiud.'S

ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS.

{Continued from ^. 687.)

Insect Enemies. — Now I am on the subject oi
insect enemies, I will mention those which are
the greatest source of anxiety even to the most
experienced cultivator, and which need the utmost
vigilance to keep them under. The cockroaches,
from the rapidity with which they destroy the
young buds and roots, are most dreaded. There
are about 300 known species of cockroach in
the world ; many are feeders on carrion and rotten
material, both animal and vegetable, others are more

Fig. 135. — DISEASED POTATOS : A, FROM PHYTOPHTHORA; B, INTERNAL SPOTTING; C, DRY-ROT.

tests which can be applied to a suspected spot, pro-
vided it be tried upon recently diseased tubers ; the
form of the conidiophores being so characteristic that,
when once known to the observer, their identity can
ever afterwards instantly be recognissd. A very con-
venient mode of applying this test is to cut a tuber in
halves, and place each under an inverted wineglass.
The cut surface will within twenty-four or forty-eight
hours produce a crop of conidia if it is going to do so
at all, After this crop has been once produced from the
cut surface no more conidiophores will, as a rule,
appear ; but sometimes a second, although smaller,
crop, may be obtained by removing a thin slice from
the cut surface, so as to expose a fresh section to the
moist atmosphere contained in the wineglass ; but
this does not always succeed. After conidia have
l)een sown upon the cut surface of a Potato no change
in colour of the Potato tissues is observable at first,
nor for some days, until the mycelium has attained a
certain degree of development. The time which
elapses between the sowing of the conidia and the
browning of the Potato varies according to the tem-
perature at which the infected tuber is kept ; for in-
stance, at a temperature of about 75" Kahr. it will
appear in about two days ; at 60*, in about four ; at 50",

dainty, and live upon the young juicy shoots of plants,
and make great havoc amongst Orchids.

The common cockroach (Blatta orientalis), well
known as the black beetle, is a carrion feeder, and
my experience is that it is comparatively, if not
entirely harmless. At one time I was in great dread
of this insect, as I have a small greenhouse which it
invaded in large numbers. I never found, however,
that it did the slightest harm amongst the Orchids.
The cockroaches imported with the plants, especially
a very active large-winged species, of a pale chestnut-
brown colour, with long antennre, is exceedingly
destructive. It is a native of the West Indies, and is
now common in ships and in the docks. The small
Norwegian cockroach is also, I believe, very destruc-
tive, and is sometimes found in numbers in England. M

The cockroaches are difficult to destroy, as they I
are very active in a house with a high temperature,
and ihey soon learn to hide themselves the moment
any one enters the house with a light. If a plant
appears sick and I suspect cockroaches, I put the pot
into a pail of water, up to its rim and watch for the
enemy. It will come out after a few minutes, and
may be killed. Sometimes even this does not succeed,
and the plant must then be turned out of its pot and

December 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

789

replanted. On one occasion I found a pair of West
Indian cockroaches in a pot of Loslia which had
baffled me for some days. The introduction i>f cock-
roaches is a danger in buying imported plants or
others which have stood in a sale-room, which must
never be forgotten. Now, I never put such plants
into my collection without lirsi carefully overlooking;
them.

Cockroaches can be caught in traps baited with
powdered borax. I was at first very sceptical on this
subject, but they certainly seek it with avidity, and
die after eating it. The powdered flowers of
Tyrethrum, known as Keating's Powder, is very
efficacious in destroying cockroaches in dwellings, but
it does not appear to have much etl'ect in the moist air
of a stove. It will drive these pests away for a little
lime, but cannot be depended upon.

I always keep several toads and a black and yellow
tortoise in my house, and they are the most useful
creatures in clearing it of all kinds of insects.

The tortoise is one of the Emydce. They are
known as marsh or river tortoises. They ditTer from
the common tortoise, which feeds on vegetables, in
being much flatter. My species is black, with yellow
markings on its shell, and is the only specimen I
have seen commonly exposed for sale, except the
common Italian tortoise. It is very active, swims
well, and lives in the tank in warm weather ; in the
winter and at night it wanders about amongst the
plants, although it looks as if it were liable to hurt
the plants. I have had it two years ; it sits on the
moss, close to the most delicate Orchids, and never
crushes or overturns anything, not even the smallest
pots. I consider it a most useful creature, and would

not be without it on any consideration. In winter it
feeds itself entirely, but in summer it eats half an
ounce of raw beef, cut into small pieces three or four
times ; and when it is hungry it draws the attention
of any one entering the house to it by splashing about
in the water.

Green tree frogs are also exceedingly useful, but
they are expensive, costing from 2s. 6d. to ^s. each.
The common frog does not do well in an Orchid-
house when the temperature is too high. The tortoise
is also a great destroyer of frogs, so that it should not
be kept with tree frogs. It does not attack toads.

The most destructive creature in an Orchid-house
is undoubtedly the woodlouse, and constant vigilance
is needed to keep them under. They rapidly destroy
the roots of the plants, and are an insidious enemy.
Pieces of raw or boiled Potato put upon the pots
attract these pests, and they are then easily killed.
They do not like water, and are driven to the surfac-;
by immersing the pots to the rim. In this way they
may be diiven out and then killed. I scarcely
ever see one now, but they are very prolific,
and a single female soon stocks a house, if it is
neglected. The young are very small, and very
destructive ; to kill them would be a hopeless
task. But here, again, I call in the aid of a friend
— a black spider, which hunts them day and night.
This spider is one of the jumping spiders (Salticus
coronatus ?). It is jet black when adult, and has a
pair of white arms (palpi), which it carries in front
of its head; they look like a white crown. The
back of the thorax has also a white margin. The
young ones are brown. I first introduced this spfder
to my houses from a sale-room, where I observed it
leaping about from plant to plant ; now I have
several hundreds. It makes a cocoon on or between
the leaves, and if not disturbed several hundred
young are soon produced ; they become adult in a

year, and should be cherished. They feed un greenfly,
wood-lice, small snails, or slugs, and, indeed, on all
the Orchid grower's small enemies.

I never kill any predatory beetles, as they are also
good hunters, and every gardener should make him-
i>elf acquainted with these. An hour or two spent
with any entomologist, or in examining the CarabidK
and Brachyelytra in a museum, would enable the
cultivator to recognise his friends, which chiefly
belong to these groups. Kiirwigs are, of course,
much to be dreaded, and must be destroyed, as they
eat the young shoots. Crickets, as far as I can see,
do no harm.

A large black weevil enters the house sometimes
at night in summer, and eats the flowers, especially
those of Phalcenopsis. It is an enemy which I know
no way of avoiding except surrounding the plants with
a net, or guarding the ventilators in the same manner.

To return, however, to the atmospheric con-

rp

'*^-

Fig. 137. — THE wooDLOL'se.

ditions, of which I was writing in my last. The
experienced cultivator l<nows the moment he goes
into a house if the ait is in a proper state, by
his own sensations ; yet I have often known market
gardeners and others who ought to know better
keep the air of their houses arid and scorching, espe-
cially in winter. I am acquainted with one man
whose houses feel to me as hot and dry as the Syrian
desert, and this in spite of all remonstrance. He
says his plants fail because he is too near London j
but I am much nearer, and mine succeed.

The air in an Orchid-house needs to be kept moist
by a tank. My house is 22 feet long, 12 broad, and
9 feet high in the centre. It is divided into two equal
parts by a glass screen ; a tank 12 feet long, 4 feet
broad, and 3 feet deep runs up the centre of the house.

Fig. 138. — THE BAkWli..

The house stands north and south. It is heated by
an iS-inch saddle boiler, and has ten 9 feet 4 inch
pipes with the necessary bends and syphon ends
under the benches. Six of these are in the
south division, and four in the north. Besides this, a
small coil of 2-inch pipes is placed in the tank, and
controlled by a valve. The water from the roof
is collected in two barrels outside the house ; these
communicate with the tank, so that I have a good
supply of rain-water. This is admitted at the cool
end, and is heated by the coil before it reaches the
hot end. When I began I found the water soon
become foul, but this was at once obviated by put-
ting a peck of wood-charcoal into the tank, and the
water remains now perfectly sweet, although the
tank has not been cleaned for two years.

The house is ventilated by shutters in the wall
under the benches — 6 inches by 15 inches — and by
windows in the roof. In such a house four windows,
two on each side near the top, 15 inches by 24 inches,
would be ample. Mine are larger, but I 6nd them
inconvenient, and unnecessarily large. I believe good
ventilation very essential to success, but cold air must

not be admitted directly to the plants, or they will
assuredly fail. Except in warm weather I admit air
below, so that it is warmed by the pipes before arriving
at the plants. 1 also have evaporating- pans on two of
the pipes in the warmest part of the house, and I use
them whenever there is any great ditTerence of tem-
perature inside and outside ; also in summer, when
the top-lights are open, but not when they are closed.
A'. T. /..

{To be continued.'^

'\t 'K%hnttt%m.

Ou I uooK SiiKUits. — Although the variety of
foliage and flowering hardy shrubs is much greater
than appears to be generally made use of, this variety
may be largely added to in the milder parts of the
country by trying out-of-doors some kinds of doubtful
hardiness.

Were a collection of alpine plants limited to kinds
not liable to be killed by slugs, the variety and beauty
of such collections would be greatly lessened, yet for
one plant killed by frost in favourable situations a
dozen or so are probably killed by slugs. In planting
trees of doubtful hardiness there is the drawback that
in after years the loss of a tree in a prominent situa-
tion may seriously injure the general eft'ect of its
surroundings ; but the same objection applies with far
less force to shrubs, which can be more easily re-
placed.

The climate of south-eastern Ireland, especially
within a few miles of the sea, seems well suited for
evergreen and other shrubs, though probably less so

Fig. 139.-

-STAHHVLINUS, THE DHVIL S COALH-UOKSU,
PREYS ON ITS NEIGHBOURS.

than thp south-west of both England and Ireland.
East wind is the chief drawback, but though it often
injures it seldom kills shrubs, unless they are trans-
planted in spring. Various Bamboos (with different
generic names) thrive well ; also some Indian Hyper-
icums, and the beautiful H, trjflorum, which has
proved quite hardy near Dublin, although it is to be
found in the very different climate of Java. Amongst
the most interesting experiments are those of some of
the hardier New Holland and New Zealand shrub?,
as some oi these, especially the former, appear to be
just on the border-land, as it were, between success
and failure. Cordyline australis in a hard winter
runs a good chance of being killed to the ground ;
yet who for this reason would willingly have a garden
on a rockery without it ? Though some of the
shrubby Veronicas are perfectly hardy, others are
killed in exceptionally cold winters. Sophora tetrap-
tera (Edwardsia microphylla) has, in a well-sheltered
nook in this neighbourhood, grown into a tree
20 feet high or more. Its yellow pea- flowers, and
foliage so like the leaves of Asplenium viride, make it
worth growing.

Mr. Smith, of Newry, on seeing the somewhat
sheltered position of our garden, suggested the experi-
ment of trying a few Australian shrubs out-of-doors
which are usually grown under glass, and though a
sharp frost in December, 1SS2, was a rather severe
test during their first winter, most of them stood it
well with but slight protection, and some plants
requiring glass at Comely Bank, near Edinburgh,
have also stood our climate well. One here and
there was killed to the ground, but hardly one shrub
has been killed outright.

Perhaps as good a test plant as any for such experi-
ments is the common Myrtle. Where it can be
grown out-of-doors many a half-hardy shrub may be
tried with good chance of success. A plant of Pitto-
sporum tenuifolium, about 5 feet high, is singularly
effective, with its dark stems and light green ever-

790

THE GAkDESfEkS' CHRONICLE.

[DECf.MDfeR 10, 18S4.

green foliage ; V. cugcr.oides is also very good ; Car-
micli.-elia ausUalis has quaint leaf-like branches ;
llakea microcarpa, Callistetnon lanceolalum {which
seems rather less haidy), Iljmcnan'.hera craEsilolia,
Raphiolepis ovata, wiih its thick leathery leaves, the
llolly-leaved Olive, and Griselinia litturalis, may
claim a place amongst fr.iily hardy evergreens. Some
of the Coiletias seem hard)-, hut are more curious
than pretty ; as is also Coccoloba plalyclada, which
is, however, interesting from belonging to ihe flora of
the Solomon Islands. I am not, however, sure as
yet whether this latter is hardy here. The beautifid
Myrtle-like Eugenia Ugni is worth a place in evny
collection, its flowers almost equalling those of the
^^y^tle in beauty, though not in scent ; and Leplo-
spcimum lauigcrura is another flowering shrub well
worth growing in the hope of its blossoming freely
when well established. The foliage of Grevilica
rosmarinifolia is well described by its specific name.
Though not an effective evergreen, its flowers are so
singular that a specimen of it should be grown. It is
flowering here in December out-of-doors. It bad a
slight protection, however, the last two winters, but
probably did not require it. Milraria coccinea is less
hardy : one plant died in December, 1S82, and
another plant was killed to the ground, but its
pretty crimson waxy flowers make it worth more
than one trial, one or two failures being by no means
conclusive, for it is curious how slight a difference in
situation makes all the difference between success and
failure. In December, 1SS2, for instance, one small
plant of Abelia rupestris was killed ; another, a few
feet off, was uninjured. Much also depends on the
strength of the individual plant. It is surely well
worth while to risk losing a choice shrub now and
then for the sake of the interest and beauty which
may be added to collections of out-of-door shrubs,
perhaps for many successive years, by admitting some
of the more tender kinds.

The few shrubs here mentioned have so far been
fairly successful, yet a sharper frost than that in
December, 1SS2, is exceptional here, and the east
winds of spring, 1S83, were much worse than usual.
But much depends on the plants being well hardened
off if planted out-of-doors .''or the first time in autumn,
or if planted in spring it should not be done till fear
of harsh weather is over.

The rapid growth and beauty of foliage of A/ara
microphylla give it a high place amongst evergreens ;
two or three other species are also hardy here,
Myrica pennsylvanica, with bright evergreen foliage,
sweet-scented when bruised, is good ; as is also the
evergreen Hypericum balearicum, with its small,
crumpled, shining leaves, and red curiously warted
stems : although it appears to flower less freely, or to
require to be longer established before doing so, than
most Hypericums. Where Desfontania spinosa can
|iossibly be grown it should be by no means left out,
as with its Holly-like foliage and waxy scarlet and
yellow blossoms it is a beautiful plant. Erica arborea
grows into a good-sized bush in this neighbourhood,
and survives all seasons. As a winter flowering
shrub Coronilla glauca deserves a well-sheltered nook
by a wall, but the most sheltered corner of all can
hardly be better filled than by a good bush of Lemon-
scented Verbena. C, M, Omen, Knockintdkii, Ireland.

ci;l)a(ieott.'3 wrjteii.

1I,\R|)Y Mecaseas.— For many a long year I have
loved to look on these plants ; there has alw.iys been
somelhing so irresistibly allraclive about ihcm that
many a time I have put down my pencil and made
a h.asly visit to the border in my garden where my
favourites were located. Was it the blossom ? No,
not that allogelher. Or the foliage— or what ? Well,
I could scarcely tell what it was, but go when I
would (ay, even now), I always derived pleasure.
The finest of the group that I possess is one that I
had by the name of Mcgasea crassifolia grandis. The
leaves of this colour in winter with purple and
scarlet, and to my eye, longing to admire, they are
intensely beautiful. Then, in the spring, when the
bright pink blossom is upheld i\ feet from
the ground by a carmine-vermilion stem that
may be seen afar, shining like a pillar of
fire, to me there is nothing to compare with it.
Next JD beauty is cotdilolia purpurasr.ens, the

flowers a rich purple, the foliage deep bronzy green.
Then there is Ihe bright pink ligulata, major and
minor; then Stracheii, with me white, or nearly
so ; the sibirica has inferior flowers, but the leaves
are an excellent foil to lighter growing plants.
Ciliata I do not care about, as the leaves die off in
winter; so with pulcherrima : yet both of these arc
beautiful in a cool-house. S'.ill, as I anr writing of
the hardy varieties, I put them aside. Hy the way, I
have omitted one — crassifolia minor ; this makes a
nice edging for large beds, besides being worthy of
attention as a single plant. It is curious bow some
things faccinate, and yet why we scarcely know ; one
takes to the Picotee, another the Pansy, another the
Auricula, so much so that they feel that they must
have a collection of them ; all that are good arc to
them lov.xble, so I feel I may be excused with regard
as to what I say of the Megasea. I/anison /.'V/>,
Niii'viii; Lc(i[:^e, ThhI'i id^i^e JVeih.

Ho/^E j^0RR£gP0J1DJE]NC£.

Chtistmas Decoration. — la many [.'hces a grrat
de.U of tli's has to be peiformed annually, and in
places where evergreens are not over-abundant
materials that will in any way take their place or
assist for decorative purposes are invaluable. There
are numerous things ihat can be obtained by the
exercise of a little forethought that come in very
handy ; take, for example, Pampas grass, Bulrushes,
and many of the monster grasses that grow in swampy
places and by river sides, how useful they arc, and
what a "feather "or finish they give to heavy ever-
greens if judiciously arranged with a little taste.
Then again, for covering large surfaces, what a relief
a piece of virgin cork, watered with strong alum
w.iter and allowed to dry so as to crystallise, gives
to a large mass of dark green foliage. Of course the
arrangement must be tastefully done, and then the
eliiCt is more marked. These few remarks may give
those a hint who are in the Iiabil {.f yearly following
the same old-fashioned style to introduce a lillle
novelty into their arrangements which in all proba-
bility will be appreciated. J.

" The Floral World and Garden Guide."—
The disappearance of the FlorLt and PonioIogiU
from the list of contemporary horticultural papers
calls attention to those that remain, amongst which,
it appears, there is not now a single monthly. The
first number of the Floral World was published
January, 1858, the proprietors being Messrs. Groom-
bridge iS; Sons, and the Editor the undersigned. It
was successful from the first; and, so far as I
am concerned, to the last. The publishers fre-
quently assured me that the circulation reached
a higher point than had ever been known
before in the case of a horticultural montlily, and
as publishers of the FloriiU^ Journal^ G/ctmys
Gardener, and other such works, they could
speak with authority on the matter. In the yenr
186S a coloured plate was added as one of ihe attrac-
tions of the Floral IVorlJ, and this was followed by a
considerable increase in the circulation. In the year
1S74 a cloud came over the concern ; in every proper
sense of the term the publication was prospering, but
there was a divergence of opinion between myself and
the proprietor as to certain matters of a strictly
private nature. I have never stated the reason for
my separation from Messrs. Groombridge, nor shall I
do it now ; let it suflice, that the Floral H'orldin itself
had nothing to do with it. The misunderstanding
continuing without prospect of eflacement, I separated
from the Floral IVorhl in December, 1S75, having
managed it as Editor during a run of eighteen years.
I left it in a hcalihy thriving state, and it was con-
tinued, but I know not how long, nor in what way,
nor by whom it was edited. I never inquired : it
was nn concern of mine. It was on a point of honour
that I terminated a business connection tliat for some
years had been worth from /"250 to ^"300 per annum
to me, Were similar circumstances again to arise
I should take the same course. That I left the thing
without saying a word to any one is, I hope, ap-
provable on the face of it, for it cannot be said that
I inflicted any more damage than was inevitable ns
the simple consequence of taking care of myself.
Shirhy liibbcrd.

The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— It is very pleasing to see the Gardeners^
Chronicle weekly report of donations sent to the above
Institution in order to secure the promised /,5oo.
When sending my ^l, in the early part of November,
I wondered how many more gardeners in this counly
(Suffolk) would contribute to the good cause. How

ever, I regret to ice so few names, bi*t hope tba^
within the next few days SulTijlk gardencis will come
out like men for so good a purpose. Pleas", genllc-
men, do not let the Institution loie the /.500. J.
Perkins,

Tarred Hot-water Pipes.— I should like t-* j.ay
a few more words wi:h respect to the tar on my hot-
water pipes. I v^iah at the same time to thauk
" T. S. C.," p. 725, for his remaiks on the same
subj.^cl, I have also received several communic:\tions
from nur:;eryraen, engineers, and others recommend-
ing various remedies, for which I return my thank-,
but I am sorry to say I have tried most of ihem with-
out the slightest effect. Again referring Id " T. S C.'s"
r:marks in ivhich he says if my \>\\>f^ ate painted with
Brunswick Black I need have no fear, but one of those
who communicated wiih me staled that tar i.s the
foundation rf all varnishes rccommtrdtd for iron.
He goes on to say hii pipes on one occasion were
painted with Brunswick Black or some other varnish,
and his description of the damage dune to his plants
agrees exactly with my own CNpeiience. I find that
it does no damage to the plants except when ihc
pipes are heated beyond a certain degree. It has
killed all the fronds of the Ferns, and has caused all the
leaves from Gardenias, Kondeletias, TaberoKmonlanas
to come o\i^ in fact it has crippled most of ray plants,
The following are the means I have tried to get the
tar off: — scraping with knives, rubbing with soft
bricks, washing with paraffin and linseed oil. I have
now come to the same conclusion as the gentleman
mentioned above, that the only thorough remedy is
to take out the pipes and burn them over a strung fire.
This I find would be a long and expensive process, as
the engineer who fixed the pipes tells me it would
tike him and a man three months, for the joints are
filled with iron cement. Therefore I must again
appcil to some of your more experienced readers to
know if the contractor who painted the pipes cannot
be made to remedy this evil, and is he liable for the
damage done. Alfred Bishops 'Ihc Gardens, Abhols-
ford. Burgess Hill,

Lily Bulbs. — It is well known that imporl.id
roo's of Japanese Lilies die in large numbers ; a kind
of rot sets in at the base of the bulb round the roui>,
and the decay works upwirds fiom the base to ihe
apex, effectually destroying it. Bicause of this ten-
dency—and it is as marked in the case of many of ihe
imported Dutch as in that of the Japanese bulbs —
some have advised that they be potted at once, i.c.^
as soon as received ; but experience shows that the
rot will set in notwithstanding. A successful amateur
cultivator of Lilies who purchases a few imported
bulbs every year has adopted, with some show of
success, the practice of filling shallow boxes wiih
cocoa-nut fibre, and then placing his Lily bulbs in it
as soon as received, using the fibre moderately moi-l,
but not too much so. Any roots they may have are
spread out, and then the bulb is covered with
the fibre pressed firmly about it. The boxes are then
placed on the floor of a tool shed where it io moist
rather than dry. Here they remain until January,
and then they are putted. By that time fresh roots
are being put forth, and as soon as the bulbs are
potted root-action may be said to commence ; a fairly
early growth results, and a fine head of blocm at the
proper season. R. Dean.

Drawing. — Seeing in the Gardeners' Chrontile a
hint to young gardeners how to spend the v^ inter
evenings from " E.," I for one would like to study plan
drawing, but I am at a loss how to set about it, and I
think many young gardeners are in the same dilemma
who have no one to show them the way. I think if
** E.," as he has started the subject, would kindly give
some instructions through the medium of the Gai-
doners' Chronicle, it would be a great boon to many
young gardeners. A Young Gardener,

Cucumber Growing.— Mr. Longlhaw's method
as given fallb very far short of instructive. <^'nanlilits
cut within certain dates is the cllect, which would
become highly interesting to your readers if followed
by a full description of the method. Perhaps Mr.
Longlhaw would oblige your readers wiih name of
sort, date cf sowing seed, date of planling-out the
houses, at what stage stopping or pruning com-
menced, how often pruned, what manure is used, and
if all the 150 tons mentioned is put in the houses
before planting ; if not, what portion, and when is
the other portion added? Is the water Iieatcd for
watering, and how ? (Quantity of co.^l or coke used,
and cost at home? Number of hands required?
Mr. Bishop shows himself to be far less successful
as a grower, compared with Mr. Longlhaw's return,
by just 20 per cent. The question most affecting
growers is the return per square yard, antl not the
return per plant, as Mr. Bishop thinks, y. B. T.

In reply to Mr. Longthaw's query respect-
ing the quantity of Cucumbers cut from in-
dividual plants, wc do not consider 11,744 dozen
to be more than a fair crop, when wc take into

i3£CEMiiER 20, 1884.)

THE GARDENERS'- CHRONICLE.

79 1

consideration 2000 plants, with the enormous extent of
765 ynn^sof gl.is=;. Mr. Ilepllnstall of Paradise (lar-
liens, Mnn., cut thl^ summer, from 125 plants, 14)5'^'-'
Cucumbers, or rattier more than nine dozen and a
half to each plant ; llie above were planted on March
10 and'clearcd out by the end of Aui^ust to make
room for a winter batch. They were grown in a low
span-roofed house, 9 feet by 11, with a sunk pis^a^c
up the centre, and not on the express oi non- ventilat-
ing system, but ventilated judiciously by the conditions
of the outside atmosphere. The vaiieties grown were
I'etiigrew's Cardill Castle, Rnllisson's Telegraph,
Caller's Model, Tender and True, and Kelway'i
Paragon. Pettigrcw's Cardill' Castle is considered 10
be by far the best, being of a robust constitution and
a most prclitic bearer. In our opinion this novelty
surpasses Telegraph (its parent) in free bearing
qualilic5. Although most growers have ihetr pet
variety, to which they stick with the tenacity of a
limpet, few have stood the lest like Telegraph, and 1( I
mistake not, Petligrew's CaidiiT Casllc is destined to
be the Cucumber of ihe fulure, as Telegraph has been
of ihe past. It would be interesting to have Mr.
Longlhaw's experience regarding vari^tits. A. Smilh,

The Market Sale of Fruit and Flowers.—
We have read the correspondence re flowers and
salesmen in Covcnt Caiden, and would like to make
n suggestion to flower growers sending flowers for
sale — that is, to consign their flowers to a respect-
able auctioneer, and have ihein sold by auction.
They would in all probability get them sold for
from 10 to 20 per cent., and we believe they
would realise on an average belter prices, besides
getting four-sixths to five-sixths of the amount
made. Having considerable experience here (Bir-
mingham Market), v/e are convinced that the I-'rench,
English, and other flowers sold here by auction (an<l
there are many waggonloads some mornings) would
not realise the price if even they were sold at all by
any other means ihan by auction. This is the result
of our experirnce a5 buyer and seller. Pope cr' Sons^
Birmingham Market IlaJL

At limes advertisements to amateurs are

certainly misleading, as they name articles as being
wanted when in fact they are out of season. Late
arrivals, inferior quality, and bad packing, have
much to answer for, but to these who purpose
making ihe business protitable if possible I would
say : — istly, find a respectable salesman ; 2dly, seek
always his advice and act upon it ; 3dly, niake
no consignments until so posted up. Such ad-
vice when obtained may be relied upon, as the
sender's interest is also ihe interest of a bona fide
Covatt Garden Salesman. [Those who send goods
should send good stuff, properly packed, and in good
time. We have before us some line blooms of
E'jcharis, but all more or less damaged. The few
uninjured ones in the consignment would fetch a good
price, the others would fetch nothing, the sender
would thus only get the average price for the lot,
which would be small. In another case brought
under our notice a good sample arrived too late for a
Saturday market and were kept over till Monday,
when they were worthless. It is only fair that these
matters should be made known. Nor is it just to
assume that beginners may not be as upright in their
dealings as firms of longer standing. Ed.]

The Disqualified Apple. — I find In your last
issue (p. 750) that " A. D." complains that I have not
saii^factonly replied respecting Court Pendu Plat
Apple shown at Southampton. Whether it applies to
the supposed disqualification of that variety in 1S83,
or to the result of Court Pendu Plat being one of
three varieties of dessert Apples that took 1st honours
last month, I don't know. Allow me to say if it was
the supposed disqualificalion, I was not in a position
to reply in that respect. Although I was to have been
one of ihe judges on that occasion I was unavoidably
absent ; consequently, I had nothing whatever to do
with it. Mr. Wildsmilh, I think, has fairly replied in
p.'75S, that no attempt was made to disqualify it. I, fur
one, never thought any judge could do so. As to
Court Pendu Plat being one of three varieties that
took 1st honour?, I ihink I replied fairly to it, inas-
much as I said plainly that it was more due to the two
excellent samples shown with it, namely, King of the
Pippins and Ribston, than to Court Pendu Plat, only
it should have read " King of the Pippins," instead of
*' Cox's Orange." If there is any dissatisfaction, it is
not quite clear what it originated from— whether from
the supposed disqualification of the Apple in ques-
tion, or from Court Pendu Plat being one of three
varieties that took 1st honours at Southampton last
month, or the two questions combined ; all I can say
is, that my colleague, Mr. Crump, and my;elf, paid
more than usual attenlion to the class referred to,
the competition being rather close : and if satisfactory
results have not attended it, we had hoped otherwise.
f, Rutland^ Goodwood,

Potato Scab —With Mr. W. G. Snni'.b I was
much amused with Mr, Piowrighi's suggestion as to the

cause of scab in Potatos made in a recent paper. Some-
what unconsciously Mr. Plowright endows the Potato
tuber with intelligence in assuming that it is capable of
understanding when it should armour-plate its skin
with scab to resist fungus, although, as Mr. Smith
Ins shown, il is unfortunate for that intelligence that
for the past year or two it should have l)ecn aroused
to action only through false alarms. If I had been
told that the plug .found in full wine bottles was the
product of an ell'jrt upon the part of the vinous bever-
age within to protect itseif by means of cork against
the attacks of topers I should have thought a dubious
joke was intended. It is impossible to regard Mr.
Piowright's suggestion as to Ihc formation of scab on
the Potato skin more seriously. The fact is, that
whilst our scientific and practical explorers into the
kingdom of fungology have made us fully acquainted
with all the operations of the Potato disease, so
simple a thing as Pulato scab is in its cause and
operation enshrouded in myster)'. Happily it is no
great evil, and at the most is only skin deep in its
effects, but still cultivators would like to be free from
it for many reasons. The theory that it is caused by
some objectionable foreign element in the soil will not
do at all — it is as unsubstantial as the cork theory.
Those who would like to ascertain the real cause of
scab should remember that it is always most evi-
dent in dry seasons, as it is the most rare in wet ones ;
therefore, we should in any enquiry made start with
the assumption that drought or lack of mois-
ture in the soil is one primary cause ; but
that alone would not fully or at all intel-
ligently explain the cause of scab, and we
must go farther in search of operating agents. I
once thought that dryness of the soil led the earth-
worms to excoriate the lender skins of the newly
forming tubers in search of moisture, perhaps of food ;
but that theory breaks down when it is found that
scab is, as I have before stated, only skin deep. If
the worms were driven to attack the tubers — assuming
of course that they have suitable organs for the
purpose — we should see that the flesh, which in its
immature state is really a reservoir of water, would be
eaten or absorbed materially, but that is not the case.
A close examination of scab marks on the surface of
Potatos reveals evidence of their production by internal
eruption, that, in fact, as the name implies, ihey are
scabby [that is corky] formations produced by some sub-
stance being eliminated from or rejected by the tubers
in the course of growth. The point for considera-
tion is, does lack of moisture in the soil cause in the
newly forming tubers a secretion of some foreign or
otherwise objectionable substances, that the tubersmust
of necessity reject, and which are rejected through
eruptions in the skin ? Do the tubers, for instance, in
dry seasons form globules of lime, which are re-
jected, or are the white excrescences seen so commonly
on immature or early lifted tubers, in dry seasons,
really starchy compounds, rejected as incapable of
assimilation? If eruptions even of the most trivial
kind are formed on the skins, of course as the tubers
increase in size these scab-like spots will increase in
size also. Perhaps some enthusiastic enquirer into the
cause of scab may like next year to uncover a half-
grown tuber, carefully scratch his initials upon the
skin with a needle, and puncture other parts of
the skin, and then, covering the tuber up carefully,
note ihe result several weeks later. Such an ex-
periment might throw some light upon the subject.
A.D.

I note that at p. 724 Mr, Smith mentions his

friend Mr. Plowright is inclined to think it is an
effort to form cork to prevent the entrance of fungus,
an opinion which I cannot entertain. Mr. Smith also
has an opinion that the long-continued drought and
heat have perhaps had a trifle to do with the scab
this year, and foreign substances in the soil are
thought somttimes to cause it. Now, I am well aware
lh3t in attempting to criticise a scientific man I am
treading on dangerous ground, but if I write truth-
fully and practically I have nothing to fear. In 1S79
I was cilled upon to cultivate Potatos on a piece of
land 7 acres in extent, for three years ; the scab was
most terrible, and in iSSi I determined to try an
experiment. I had for some time thought that worms
travelling over Potatos when young erased the skin
with their rough bodies and so formed the scab. I,
therefore, set about putting my thoughts into practice.
In ihe same field I had eight drills or small trenches
taken out with a spade, and after levelling the bottom
I planted twelve kinds of Potatos, filling up the trench
to the top with wheat-chaff, mixed wiih sharp sand,
just drawing about 2 inches of earth over the top.
Their cultivation was precisely the same as the rest
of the field. At taking-uplime^I well remember that
glorious day — every Potato came out clean and per-
fect, and not a scab visible, in fact I was awarded
l5t prize for the twelve dishes at a large Potato exhi-
bition. This appears to me conclusive. I may add
the rest of the field produced Potatos scabbed as
usual. R. Gilbert, Biirghley.

If Mr. W. G. Smilh will refer to part i of

the Untersnehun'^cn aiis dem Botanischen Labora-
torinm der Ctnvcrsitat Gollhigen, Berlin, 1S79,
pla'.c 7, fig. 7, he will find a small figure showing

the formation of a korksehiihi by a tuber which, after
being artificially wounded, had fungus-spores applied
to the exposed tissue. The experiment is fully
described at p. 17 and iS of the above quoted work.
I daresay the phenomenon has been figured by others,
but the above is the best figure I have seen. Unfor-
tunately I do not reside in the metropolis, where
every book can be consulted at one or other of the
many excellent reference libraries, or I could possibly
have given my friend further references to ihis well
known and interesting subject. Charles B. Blowri^qhl,

Oxalate of Lime and Fungoid Growths. —
Oxalate of lime is by no means confined to the
Myxomycetcs— it occurs in Mucor and other fungi.
When I first heard of Dr. Flight's determination that
the crystals beK nging to the bodies described by Mr.
A, S. Wilson were oxalate of liaic, I considered the
fact to be in favour rather than in disfavour (as
esteemed by Mr. Murray) of Mr. Wilson's published
views. A remarkable case of an arrested fungus
growth, resembling a Truflle, but in reality an abnor-
mal and subterranean condition of some Polyporus, is
given, from the pen of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in the
Gardeners' Chroniele for February S, 1S73, p. 176.
Mr. Berkeley writes that the "outer coats" of this
arrested and abnormal mass of fungoid matter
abounded in the "beautiful oclohcdral crystals of
oxalate of lime." The mass was exhibited before the
Scientific Committee, March 5, 1S73, and the descrip-
tion in (he Gardeners^ Chronicle says the growth was
"filled with crystals of oxalate of lime." W, G,
£1/1 ilh.

Eucharis amazonica.- The leller of inquiry from
"A. E." has been useful to others besides the writer
in calling out Mr. Hudson's able reply, but I think
the cause of failure will have to be sought beyond
the fact of the pots having been plunged in cocoa-
fibre. Our Eucharis have been plunged in that
material for the last ten years, and they have done
so well as to be admired by all who have seen them.
To show that there is a vigorous root-action I may
say ihat six bulbs potted into an ii-inch pot two
years ago have split the pot in halves. Would it not
be well if "A. E," sent two or three of his bulbs to
the Editor for examination, as I have heard com-
plaints from several good gardeners lately of a disease
which has attacked their Eucharis, in several instances
completely spoiling what was before a good heallhy
collection. Not being personally acquainted with the
disease I merely throw out this suggestion as a hint
which may prove useful. Charles E, Pearson, Chil-
ivell N'urseries, Notts,

The Edinburgh Botanical : Dec. ir.— The So-
ciety met at 5, St. Andrew Square— Mr. W. B. Boyd,
and afterwards Professor Dickson, in the chair.

The office-bearers for the year were elected as follows :
— President— Professor Diekson ; Vice-Presidents— Dr.
Robert Gray, Dr. William Craig, W. B. Boyd, of Fal-
donside ; Dr. T. A. G. Balfour ; Councillors— Chark's
Jenner, Alexander Buchan, Dr. Hugh Cleghorn, the
Rev. John Macmutrie, Robert Lindsay, Patrick Geddes,
Symington Grieve, Andrew Taylor, \Villiam Sanderson,
and the Rev. J. M. Robertson ; Honorary Secretary —
iVofessor Douglas Maclagan, M.D,, F.R.S.E. ; Hono-
rary Curator — Professor Dickson ; Foreign Secretary —
Andrew P. Aiikin ; Treasurer- Patrick Xeill Eraser ;
Assistant Secretary—John M. Macfarlane, D..Sc. On
the recommendation of the Council, the Society awarded
Mr. A. Taylor cordial thanks for his valuable hono-
rary services as Assistant-Secretary during the past five
years, and also voted a honorarium to him. In retiring
from the chair, Mr. Boyd look occasion to mention that
the jubilee of the Sooiely would occur during the cur-
rency of the lerni of office of his successor, lie Iruilcd
that interesting event would not be overlooked, but th:a
steps would be lakt-n to celebrate it in a suitable way.
Professor Diclison, on taking the chair, briefly thanked
the Fellows for the honour they had conferred on him.
The following papers were read : —

I. "On Asplenium germanicum." By John Lowe,
M.D., King's Lynn, Norfolk.

II. "On the Structure of the Root of Avicennin, with
special reference to a mode of Ccll-lhickening." By Dr.
Macfarlane.

In this Avicennia, or Mangrove plant of Australia,
peculiar thickened cells in the rind were observable.
Each cell was of a stellate shape, and the thickening
matter was deposited in a continuous band traversing
the ray-like arms of the cells.

HI. " Note on an Abnormal Form of the Capitulum
of Chrysanthemum Leucanlhemum." By |ohn Rattray
M.A., B.Sc,

792

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(December 20, 1884.

IV. " Report on the Progress of Vegetation at the
Royal Botanic Garden." By Robert Lindsay, Curator.

Report for NoT.<ember, 1884. — During November the
thermometer was at or below the freezing point on
thirteen occasions, indicating collectively 64^ of frost, as
against 37° for the corresponding month last jear. The
lowest readings were on the 14th, 25" ; 15th, 27" ; 23d,
25° ; 29th, 23"' ; 30th, 19". The highest morning read-
ings were on the ist, 56° ; 5th, 48° ; 7th, 55" ; 9th, 49" ;
nth, 48\ The highest day temperature was 60", on the
ist, and the lowest 32", on the 30lh. Rain fell on six-
teen days, chiefly during the first half of the month,
which moistened the surface of the ground only ; under-
neath the surface the ground is dry to an extent not
hitherto observed in November. The usual storms
during this month have been less frequent and severe ;
outdoor work has, therefore, been very little interrupted.
Only two species of plants came into flower on the rock
garden, viz., Kniphofia Quartiniana and Statice incana,
but there are a good many species still in bloom of those
formerly recorded. Outdoor vegetation is in an almost
dormant condition.

National Rose Society. — Report of the Com-
MiriEE lOK 1884. — When a Society is pursuing a pros-
perous career a certain sameness wiU generally be found
to attach to the reports which it issues from year to year.
The committee of the National Rose Society do not,
therefore, expect to impart any very great variety to the
short statement they are now about to make. The exhi-
bitions have, as usual, been in every way successful, the
number of members has increased, while the beneficial
influence of the Society on all matters connected with
the Rose continues unimpaired.

In one respect the past year has been noteworthy.
The committee have been enabled to bring to a success-
ful termination and to pubUsh the most important work
they have yet undertaken, viz. , their Descriptive Cata-
iogjte of Exhibition and. Garden Roses. The former
edition having been so soon exhausted, it has been con-
sidered advisable to print a very much larger number of
copies of the new catalogue, in order to save the cost of
reprinting at an early date.

A long-felt want has also been supplied in the form ot
a carefully prepared Ust of byelaws and regulations,
which having now received the approval of the general
meeting will be sent to all the members of this Society
during the course of the ensuing year.

Financial Statement.— It will be seen that the
financial report of the Society is in most respects satis-
factory, considering that three exhibitions have again
been held, and that some portion at least of the very
large expenditure incurred through issuing the new cata-
logue has already been defrayed. The balance remain-
ing now in the Treasurer's hands is £\j 8j. yi.

An-iLiATED Societies. — The committee have the
pleasure of announcing that there is a slight increase in
the number of Rose and other societies a^Iiated to the
National one, these societies now amounting to twenty-
five.

Arrangements for 1B85. — The experience of the
last few years has convinced the committee that the
income of the Society is not as yet sufficiently large to
admit of their holding three shows annually, that is to
say, if they are to undertake any other work in further-
ance of the interests of the Rose; they have, therefore,
arranged to hold during 1885 two exhibitions only. The
Metropolitan Show will again be held in the Royal
Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington ; while the
Provincial Show will take place at some town in the
North of England yet to be decided upon.

Members Privileges.— Members subscribing £\
will be entitled to two private view tickets, and aLo to
four transferable tickets, admitting at the same time as
the general public. Those subscribing los. are entitled
to one private view ticket, and also to two transferable
tickets. Each one of these tickets will be available at
either of the Society's exhibitions.

In conclusion, the committee have again to tender
their best thanks for much kind co-operation received
during the past year. To the Council of the Royal
Horticultural Society for kindly extending the time
allotted to members for a private view of the Roses at
the Metropolitan exhibition ; to Mr. Bruce Findlay and
Mr. W. H. Williams for the very complete arrangements
made respectively by them for the Manchester and Salis-
bury shows ; and especially to their local secretaries for
their kind assistance in obtaining new members.

Notts Horticultural and Botanical : Novem-
ber 10. — The monthly meeting was held at the Me-
chanics' Institute. Mr. G. H. Walker, Hardwick House
Gardens presided. The exhibits were strong in Chry-
santhemums ; noticeable was a fine mass of single varie-
ties, sent by the Messrs. Pearson, Chilwell Niuseri&s,
cut long on the stalk, and arranged in vases in colours,
they produced quite a charming effect. Mr. German,
Malvern House, exhibited upwards of fifty varieties,
principally Japanese ; Mr. Meadows, Rock House,
liasford, some fine show blooms. The Chairman
brought fine examples of Poinsettia pulcherrima, also a
bunch of that exquisite white pompon Chrysanthemum,
Snowdrop. Mr. Dixon, Mapperley House, had large
bunches of Grapes, Barbarossa, Lady Downe's, and
Black Alicante, good in berry but defective in finish ;
Mr. Thacker, Minerva House, St. Ann's Well Road, a
nice piece of Cypripedium barbatum, with flower-stalks
15 inches in length, grown in a 6-inch pot, and con-
taining a dozen flowers.

S TA TB OP THE WE A THER A T SLA CKHSA TH, LOUDON,
For the Week Ending Wednesday, December 17, 1884.

^ &<

Q

Temperature op

THE AlB.

Hygrome-

trictl De-

ductions

from

Wind.

Glaisher's

Tables 6th

Edition

•?

o>.S

<;e

11

In. I In.
29.46!— 03350.545.0! S.5|47.3
29.9s +0.1547.5 41.0, 6.5!4<.7
39.99 +0.20S35495! 40I51.8
29 76 —0.05
29.6s —0.16 49.0
29.78 |— 0.03 43.0
29.61 — 0.31 43.5

53 O42.o|il.o,47.8

^ I J
36.3112.8 42.5

32.0111.0 37.!

+ &s!43.l!
4-40 40.6
+ 11.2,48.1
+ 71 42.7

86 iS.rS.W
„( W.SW:
""IIW.NW

0.13
0.00

+ i.l

— 3.9

3.4

: 29.74 —0.0648.439.8] 8.6]44.I + 3.539.5 84 S.W. |043

367!
33-3

32.3

87 |W-.NWo.co

S.W. |o.oo
S.W. jo 00
WNW^o.io

. 11. — Fine bright morning. Rain from 2.30 I'.M. till

9 r.M. Dull night.
12. — Fog in early morning. Fine morning. Very slight

rain at 3 i'.!\i. Fine, but windy at night.
13. — Fine bright morning. Dull afternoon and night.
14.— Dull day. Rain from 4.30 P.M. Fine and clear at

midnight.
15.— Dull day. Fine clear night.
16.— Very fine day. Overcast at night.
17. — Rain in early morning. Very fine

night.

rly morning. Very fine clear day and

London : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week
ending December 13, the reading of the barometei
at the level of the sea increased from 29 76 inches at
the beginning of the week to 29.92 inches by 9 a.m.
on the 7th, decreased to 29.78 inches by midnight
on the same day, increased to 29.98 inches by mid-
night on the 8th, decreased to 29.89 inches by J r..M.
on the 9th, increased to 30. 1 3 inches by 9 A. M. on the
loth, decreased to 29.56 inches by 3 p.m. on the nth,
increased to 30. 1 7 inches by 3 p. M. on the 1 2ih, increased
to 30.22 inches by 9 a.m. on the ijih, anl was
30.17 inches by the end of the week.

The mean reading of the barometer for the week
at the level of the sea was 29 94 inches, being 0.24
inch higher than last week, and 0.02 inch below the
average of the week,

Jemperalure, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 54°, on the 8th ; the highest
on the 9th was 44°. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 50°.3.

The lowest temperature in the week was 34^, on the
lOlh ; on the 13th the lowest temperature was 49". 5.
The general mean was 42°.

The greatest range of temperature in one day was
15°, on the loth ; the smallest was 4°, on the 13th.
The general mean was 8°. 3.

The mean temperatures were — on the 7th, 50° 7 ;
on ;the 8th, 47°.4 ; on the gih, 3S^6 ; on the loih,
43°.6 ; on the nth, 47°.3 ; on the I2ih, 44°.7, and
on the 13th, 5I*.8 ; and these were all above their
averages (excepting the gih, which was 2°. 6 below),
by 9°. 2, 6°, 2".6, 6°. 5, 4°, and ir.2, respectively.

The mean temperature of the week was 46°. 3,
being 4° higher] than last week, and 5' 3 above the
average of the week.

The highest reading of a thermometer with black-
ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun
was 74°, on the 7lh. The mean of the seven readings
was 56°. 8.

The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb placed on grass was 26^ on the loth.
The mean of the seven readings was ^Tf",

Jiain. — Rain fell on 4 days to the amount of o 64
inch.

England : Temperature. — During the week ending
December 13, the highest temperatures were 56° at
Truro, 55°. i at Plymouth and Liverpool; the hiijhest
at Preston was 51°, at Boiton and Bradford 52°.!.
The general mean was 53° 8.

The lowest temperatures were 29°.$ at Wolver-
hampton, 3i°.9 at Cambridge, 32°at Hull ; ihe lowest
at Liverpool was 38°. 9, at Preston 38°, and at Truio
and Leeds 37°. The general mean was 35".

The greatest ranges were 24° 3 at Wolverhampton,
23°. I at Cambridge, 23° at Hull ; the smallest ranges
were 13° at Preston, 14'. 9 at Bradford, 16" at Leeds.
The general mean was tS". 8.

The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, S2°.8, at Plymouth 52°.6, at Sun-
derland 51°. 1 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 47° 6, at
Preston 48°, and at Bradford 48°. 4. The general
mean was 50°,

The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 45°.!, at Plymouth 44°. I, at Liver-
pool 43°. 5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 36°. 5,
at Bolton and Hull 37°. 9. The general mean was
40°.8.

The mean daily range was greatest at Sunderland,
13°, at Wolverhampton I2°.4, at Hull ii°.7 j and
was least at Preston, 7°, at Liverpool 7°.i, at Truro
7°. 7. The general mean was 9°.2.

The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 48°. 9,
at Plymouth 48°. 2, at Liverpool 47°; and was lowest
at Wolverhampton and Bolton 42°.6, at Hull 43°.7.
The general mean was 45°. 3.

Xain.— The largest falls were 2.26 inches at Bristol,
1.35 inches at Bradford, 1.28 inch at Bolton ; the
smallest falls were 0.20 inch at Nottingham, 0.36
inch at Wolverhampton, 0.37 inch at Hull. The
general mean fall was o 84 inch.

Scotland : Temperature.— Dmag the week end-
ing December 16, the highest temperature was 52°.5,
at Leith, at Aberdeen the highest was 49°.?. The
general mean was 5i°.i.

The lowest temperature in the week was ^f, at
Greenock ; at Leith the lowest temperature was
35°-9. The general mean was 34°.S.

The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
44-3; and lowest at Dundee, 41°.!. The general
mean was 42°. 8.

Jiain.— The largest fall was 1.81 inch, at Glasgow,
and the smallest fall was 0.24 inch, at Aberdeen.
The general mean fall was i.io inch.

JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.

Variorum.

Bird-catching Plants.— Mr. R. H. Govett, in
the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, gives
some startling facts as to the bird-killing powers of
Pisonia brunoniana, or P. Sinclairii. A sticky gum
is secreted by the carpels when they attain their full
size, but is nearly as plentiful in their unripe as in
their ripe condition. Possibly attracted by the Hies
which embalm themselves in these sticky seed.vessels,
birds alight on the branches, and on one occasion two
Silver-eyes (Zosterops), and an English sparrow were
found with their wings so glued that they were unable
to flutter. Mr. Govett's sister, thinking to do a
merciful act, collected all the fruit-bearing branches
that were within reach, and threw them on a dust-
heap. Next day about a dozen Silver-eyes were found
glued to them, four or five of the pods to each bird.
She writes :— " Looking at the tree one sees tufts of
feathers and legs where the birds have died, and I do
not think the birds could possibly get away without
help. The black cat just lives under the tree, a good
many of the birds falling to her share, but a good
many pods get into her fur, and she has to come and
get them dragged out." In a note Mr. T. Kirk says
that Pisonia umbellifera, Seemann, = P. Sinclairii,
Hook, f., is found in several localities north of
Whangerei, both on the east and west coasts, also on
the Taranga Islands, Arid Island, Little Barrier
Island, and on the East Cape, possibly in the last
locality planted by the Maoris. The fruiting pericarp
is remarkable for its viscidity, which is usually
retained for a considerable period after the fruit is
fully matured. It can be readily imagined that small
birds tempted to feed on the seeds might easily
become glued to a cluster of fruits.

New Plants in New Zealand.— As reported
in Nature, among new species of plants collected on
Steward Island by Mr. Kirk, he describes a beautiful
new Olearia (O. Traillii), called after his old and
valued friend C. Traill, who has done so much for
the natural history of Steward Island, It forms a
large shrub from 5 to 12 feet high. The terminal
panicles are from 4 to 9 inches long. The disc florets
are purple. It is one of the most striking plants in
the New Zealand flora, and one we hope we may
soon see in cultivation.

Portents ok a Severe \Vinter. — Vou will
give me credit for having been wonderfully patient
and forbearing in not ere now having troubled you
and your readers with another weather prophecy. I
am not sure that even now I ought not to remain
silent, because few people, if any at all, ever take the
slightest notice of forecasts, either of the weather or
any other thing, except to see whether they fail. He
who gives warning is like one crying in the wilder-
ness. It always was so, and if seers are no longer
stoned, they get sufficiently ' ' clodded " with satire and
ridicule. It may be said it was hardly safe to predict
a severe winter in such a spell of mild weather as wc

December 20, 1884,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

793

have recently had, but six weeks ago I was quite as
contiiient of it as I am now. Indeed, it has been just
the kind of open weather that always precedes hard
frosts, and, veiy likely, heavy snowfalls. Kirly
winters ate rarely long and cold. After being once
again well warmed, as the middle zone of the northern
hemisphere has been this year, it must needs have
taken a little time to cool down. The rains of the
last five or six weeks have f o le deeper down into ihe
soil and rocks than has been the case for many years
back. It was inevitable they should do so, and,
absorbing the stored-up surface heat, give it out, and
thus induce such temperate weather as we have had
it. .Vi I cautioned economy in the use of storedup
water last spring, so now I would say to aged people
and mothers of little children, lay in a litile extra
flannel, a few more blinkets, and some good hosiery
for feet and legs. They will be needed before
February runs out. Both on the Western Atlanlir,
beyond the Gulf Stream, and on the European Con-
tinent to the east, great cold is slowly but surely
creeping down. By the time the sun gets into his
southern solstice it will inclose and make us more
than ordinaiily sensible of its presence. I could say
much of significant signs and indications, but refrain.
Morgan BriirUy, in Manchester Paper.

Answers to Correspondents.

Addenda. — In our " New Plants Certificated by the
Floral Committee at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Meetings, 1884," {p. 756), we omitted two First-class
Certificates given t*) ttie New Plant and Bulb Com-
pany, Colchester, August 12, for Tigridia Pavonia alba
and Montbreiia eleg,4ns ; and one First-class Certifi-
ciie to Mr. De B. Crawshay, on July 22, for Catlleya
G.ukel liana.

AzVLEAs IN Bad Health: C. Taylor. We found
the shoots sent to us completely covered with ihrips
;tnd their exudations. They ought to receive a thorough
fumigating with tobacco, or tobacco-paper, three
times at intervals of three or four days. This would
be best performed in a close pit or small house. As
regards their roots you can do nothing till March or
April, when they must be potted in five-sixths of
roughly pulled fibrous peat and one-sixth of finely
sifird loam, using about one-fourth ol the whole bulk
of sharp sand. Dung is a most unsuitable substance
to mix with Azalea composts, and any aids to growth
are better given in the liquid state during active
growth, and then cnly to plants known to be pot-
bound.

Ban'anas : An O'd Subscriber. The plants may turn
yellow, and the leav^^s drop off preinature'y, from the
soil having got poor or sodden, or from too much
witer having been given at this time of the year.
Thorough drainage for these gross-feeding plants is of
much moment.

Carnations and Guano : A. B. The application of
ihis manure is not advisable at the period of flowering,
unless the plants have not been repotted for a long
lime. Wiifi plants struck early, and repeatedly shifted
during ttie last sunmier and early autumn, guano
would h irdly be wanted until the plants showed signs
of giving out— later on, in the winter or spring. As
to the mice, you must trap or poison them.

CrkSS : Surrey. lonopsidium acaule.

Erinus Lychnidea, Thunb — In reply to G. H.
Brockbank {p. 730), Mr. John Leman writes ; — " This
plant was cultivated in the Royal Dublin Society's
Botanic Garden. Glasnevin, in 1867, during the time I
had c tar^e of the conservatory department under the
late Dr. Moore. It is well figured in the Botanicd
Nesister lor 1S23. t. 74.8, from specimen supplied by
Richard Leigh, Fsq , of Bexley.

Forestry Exhibition : i'. iVf. No report of the kind
you mention has as yet been published. Whether the
lectures will be hereatter issued depends, we believe,
upon the amount of lunds at the disposal of the Com-
mittee alter the payment of all expenses.

Grape : A. D. From the poor-looking example sent,
and which arrived in a smashed up slate, we cannot
say what the kind is ; send better specimens, carefully
packed.

Insects : B. A. M. After a careful microscop'cal
examination of your Eucharis leaves we detected one
very small thrips. The leaves showed no trace of
insect work nor of other insects, and their discolora-
tion in patches appears to be owing to some other
agency than insects. A O. W.

Lily of the Valley : J. Searle. The crowns sent
us were well grown and fairly developed, but the
flower-spike was poorly furnished with blooms, some
of which were deformed and others abortive. You
seem to have got a poor variety, but they may bring
better blooms if forced at a later period. Your tem-
perature, 90" to 92°, is right, but should never vary
day or night.

Mr. W. H. Jones is requested to send his address.

Names of Fruit : W. M. B.. Neath, i, Alfriston ;
2. Minchul Crab ; 3, Duck's Bill. Pear: Verulam.—
7. T. B. Apple : Bedfordshire Foundling. Pear .-
Pa£Se Colmar.

Names OF Plants : J. //. S. Your specimens reached
us broken all to pieces, and it would be better to get a
nurseryman to name ihem, as we do not ui dertake to
name Horists' varieties. — A". L. Atriplex Halimus, a
good shrub for the teaside. — C Short. Onychium
japonicum. — E. J. Asplenium cicularium. — T. L.
Gordonia javanica.

Pines Black in the Centre : R. .V. This is invari-
ably caused by too much water at the root, and too
mol^t an atmosphere while ripening. It is also owmg
in no bmatl degree to defective root-aciiun, bad drain-
age, and sour soil.

Shrub Seeds : A*. Painter. Euonymus europEcus.

Vine Roots: (;. Trinder. The roots came dried up.
Please send some others, packed in damp moss.

Intelligent Readers, please note. — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not
to the Editor*

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Carter & Co., 237, High Holbom, London — Vade
Mecuni, and List of Flower and \'t'getable Seeds.

Freukrick Roemer, Qutdlinburg— General Seed List.

W. Kkrr, Dargavel. Dumfries — Seed Potatos.

B. S. \V1LLIAM5, Holloway— Garden and Agricultural
Seeds.

Communications Rfceived : Wise S: Rides.- Baron v.
Mueller. — t. A . Pans —W P. H .- Harrison Weir. -E. M.
H. -A. T.. b-dinburgh. - R. J -W. E. - R. E. I'. -S. H.—
I. J.-T. C-M. D.-W. W.-Udo Dammar, bt. Pe'^rs.
burg — Prot. Lange. Coi enh -gen. — VV. K. — W. O., Fota
Island — R J. L., many thanks — B T. L.— W. E. G.— Juliu
Sn.uh.-Emeriius-O. D,_J.L-W. H. F. — H. E. Ryde.
-J. W. P-O. T. — H. J (J.-r R..Menabi.|y.-G. A. P,
Fl»ida.— Warwck-hne. — H. J. Ross.— AUred O. Walker,
next week — J. Malcri m. — J. Smith (nothing cime in >o'ir
Iet(er).-E R C— W, Ingiam. — Z. bie*ens —J. &.— Jensen.
— C, P.— R. H. Verieean..-W. Paul & .Son, -J. G. Baker.
— M. .S.— T. P.-W J. M.-C. Peufoid -W. B.-H. J (J.

COVE NT GARDEN, December 18.

(The subjoined reports are fumihhed to us regularly eveiy
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the prii cipal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly and aie responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week prt ceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day. and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as iddicatin^
the price at any pa t cular date, still less can ihey be taken
as guides to the price in the cjmm^ week. Ed 1

Considering the near approach ot Christmas, busi-
ness is far from active. Large arrivals of Nova Scotian
and Canadian Apples and Sl Michael Pines to hand ;
prices lower. English Apples dull at reduced values.
James Webber, H holesale Apple Market.

Fruit. — Averagb Wholksale Pricbs.

s.d. s.d.
Apples. J^-'^ieve ., i t- 4 o
— Nova :>cotia and

Cana ian, barrel 10 o- 18 o
Cobb per loo lb. .. 60 o- ..
Orapea, per lb. .. 16-40

i.

s.d.
Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o
Pme-appies Eng .lb x o- ..
— dt Michael, each 30-70
Peiis, Frct.ch, doz. i 6- j 6

VeCETABLBS — AVHRAGB RETAIL PrICBS.

s.d.
6 o

Artichukes, Globe,
per doz

Beans, French, lb. to- ..

Beet, per doz. . , 10- . .

Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20

Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ..

Caulitlowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. t o- 2 6

Celenac, per root .. o 4- ..

Celery per bundle., i 0- a 6

Cucumbers, each .. 10-16

Endive, English, per
aozen .. ..10-..

Garlic, per lb. . . o fr- . .

Herbs, per bunch .. o a- o 4

Horse Radish, bun. 30-40

s. d. J. d.
Lettuces, Cab., do*. 16-..

— French Cos, each 06-..
Mint, giecn, bunch.. 16-..
Mushrooms, p. ba^kc. 10-30
Onions, per bushel . 40- ..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch,, o 4- ..
Radishes, per do'. .. 10-..
Khubarb. bundle .. o 8- ..
SaUify, per bur>d. .. i o- ..
Seakate. per punnet 20-26
Small saiadii-g, per

punnet ..04-..

Spinach, per bushel 20-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16
Turnips, bun. .. 05- ..

PoTATos. — Magnum Bonums, 4-^.107^5 ; Regents. 70J. togij. ;
Ch*mpioris. 45.J to bos. per ton. Markets have a down-
ward tendency.

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Pricbs.

Abutilon. 13 bunches
Arum Lilies, is btms.
Aza,iea, 12 sprays ..
Bouvardias, per bun.
Camellias, per doz .
Caruaiiuns, 12 bims.
Chry sanih, , 1 2 bun.
— large. 12 blooms
Cjc'amen. 12 blooms
Epiphyllum, izbims.
Euchans, per doz. ..
Euphorbia iacquini-

flora 12 sprays .,
Gardenias, la btms..
Helioirooes, 12 sp. ..
Hyacinths, Roman,

12 sprays ..
Lapagena, white, 12

blooms

— rod, j>

blooms
Lily-of-Val., lasprays
Uarguetites, 13 tma.

J. d. s. d.
a o- 4 o

60-90
10-16
09-10

3 o- 8 c
10-20

4 o 12 o
10-30
03-06
06-09
4 o- S o

10-20
9 0-18 o
o &- z o

X ^ 3 O

a o- 5 o

' 6 ol

Mignonette, za bun,

Narcis.'Ui, Pap^r-
whiie, 12 fpra>s . .

Pelargoniums, per 12
sp.ays

— scarlet, 12 sprays
Piia^eiiia, 12 blootns
Pnmula. double, bun.

— siuensis, 12 bun.
Roses (indoor), doz.

— French, per doz.
St-^'kesia, 13 blooms
Tropasolum, iz bun.
Tuberoses, per doz. .
Tulips, 12 blooms ..
Violets, IZ bun.

— French, bunch..
— Parme, French,

per bunch -.
Wal flower, 13 bun..
White fasmine, per

bunch

s. d. I. d.
60-90

2 6-

3 o

10-20

06-09

30-90

10-16

40-60

20-60

09-16

10-..

I o- 3 o

20-30

10-16

10-16

2620

50-70
40-60

Plants in Pots — Avrr
s. d. s d
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 o-:'4 o
Arbor-vits (i;olden),
per doiea .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 o-ia o
Aiun Lilies, duien 9 0-15 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
bouvardiv, djzen .. g 0-18 o
Chrysanth., doicn .. 6 o- ta o
Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracaena terminal is

por dozen . . , . 30 0-60 o

— viridis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Epiphyllum, doz ..18 o ?4 o
Erica, various, doz. 9 o lo o
Luonymus, various,

per dozen . . .,60-180

Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o

",* T/u'se /rices vary coisitic

AGB WhOLBSALR PrICBS.

s. d. s. a.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 0

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Foliage Plants, vari-
ous. e.ich .. .. a o-io o

Hyacinths, Roman,
each . . ,.10-30

Marguerite Doisy,
per dozen .. .. 8 o 15 o

Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-1.1 o

Pdlms in vaiitty.
each .. ..2 6-21 o

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 40-60

Piin;etiia, per do?, y 0-15 o

Primula sinensis, pur
dozen , . ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. q o-ia o

Tulips, dozen pots .. S u-io o

i)/'/y dut-in^ Chr'stjttas TCvX'.

SEEDS.

London : Dec. 17. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, report that business in farm seeds, as is
usual towards the close of the year, is now confined to
exceedingly narrow limits, and values all round are con-
sequently without material variation. There is nothing
whatever doing in either American or Continental Clover
seed. For inferior qualities of English setd the tendency
continues downwards. Bird seeds meet a slow sale.
Feeding Linseed is steadv. For blue Peas and Haricot
Beans the enquiry for the moment is meagre.

CORN.

At Mark Lane on Monday foreign Wheat was, if any-
thing, more dull of sale than English, and easier prices
were only prevented by moderate arrivals. Flour was
still more dull of sale than either, and quotations
nominal. Maize, from scarcity, was very tirm, and
pretty nearly is. higher on the week. Beans tended
ygainst buyers, and Uats were dull. Barley and Maize
were inactive. — On Wednesday English Wheat was in
light supply, and good dry samples supported Mond,iy's
rates. Foreign Wheat was dull. Flour was without
change. For Barley trade was slow, but prices were
quite steady. Beans and Peas unaltered, and Maize
very firm. — .Average prices of corn for the week ending
D^ic. 16 : — Wheal, 30J. loi.; Barley, 31J.; Oats, 191. ^d.
For the corresponding period last year ; — Wheat, 39J. ^d. ;
Barley, 3x5. yd. \ Oats, igr. 4(1?.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the Christmas
market was held. The consignments of cattle com-
prised the best selections from the primesl stock in the
kingdom, and made a splendid exhibition. There was,
as usual, some variation in the numerical strength ot the
different classes, but in points of merit they were all as
one. The entries were less numerous than on many
previous Christmas maikels, but they were equal to the
requirements of the trade. Though in number falling
ihort of last year by nearly 1000 head, the Scotch sup-
plies still, as heretofore, took front rank for greattr
numerical strength than any of the other classes, and
maintained to the fullest their established prestige as
being second to none in point of excellence. The Flere-
ford, Devon, Sussex, and Shorthorn cattle, though less
numerous than the Scotch, were a grand collection, in
excellent form. The sheep supplies were also more than
usually even, and the selections were those most in
request at this period. Trade all round opened slowly,
but was steadily maintained until a fair clearance was
effected. The Scotch cattle cleared first, taking top
prices, from 6s. to 6s. id. The Devons followed next,
at y. loJ. to 6s. ; the Herefords ruled at $s. 8d. to
Sx. loY. ; and the Shorthorns 5^. 6d. to $s. 10/. per
stone. Best Downs realised 6j-. 4d. to 6s. 6d. ; half-
breds, 6j. to 6j. 4*/. Compared with last year's market
the cattle prices ruled rather lower, and the sheep much
lower. The total supplies of beasts were 4990 ; of sheep
there were 4940, — On Thursday trade was firm. Beasts
sold at full prices, and sheep were quite as dear. Calves
and pigs were about the same.

HAY.

Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that there
was a moderate supply, with better inquiry for the prime
sorts of hay and Clover. Quotations : — Clover, prime,
90X, to 107J. ; inferior, 46^, to j^s. ; prime second cut,
gos. to 107s. ; hay, prime. Bos. to gos. ; inferior, 30J.
10631. ; and straw, 22s. to 34J. per load. — On Thursday
there was a fair supply, and trade was rather belter. —
The Cumberland Market report states that trade was
firm, with fair supply and larger demand. Quotations :
— Clover, best, 98^. to loSs. ; intenor, 50?. to 70J. ;
meadow hay, taest, 80s. to 84J. ; inferior, 50X. to 70J^. ;
and straw, 26s. to 34J. per load.

POTATOS.

The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports stale
that there has been an adequate supply, and good trade.
Quotations; — Kent Regents. y6s. to8o'. ; Scotch ditto,
86s. to looj, ; Essex Shaws, 50J, to 70J. ; Victorias. 70'.
to gos. ; Magnum Bonums, 50J. to 8oj. ; Champions,
50J, to 60J. ; and French, 40J, to 50J. per ton, — The
imports into London last week consisted of 33 bags from
Rotterdam, 109 sacks from Rouen, and 83 tons from
Pontrieux.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week ; — East Wylam, 15?. 6d ; Walls End — Tyne
{unscreened), tis. $d. ; Hetton, lys.; Helton Lyons,
ly-', Chilton Tees, 151. 6d.; Hartlepool, i6.r.; Hulam,
i$s. 3d.: East Hartlepool, i6s. yi. ; South Hartlepool,
15^' 3<^- ; Tees, 17J, ; Harton, 15^'.; Lambton, i6i. 6d.\
Wear, 15J.

794

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1884.

MPORTANT NOTICE.

TO ADVEaTISERS.

In consequence of the Christmas
Holidays, the GARDENERS'
CHRONICLE for next Saturday,
December 27, will be published on
Wedjtesday the 2^th inst. at 2 p.m.
Advertisements for that Number
must reach the Office not later than
TUESDA Y morning, the 22,dinst.

L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
Bulbs, 6s., 95,, I2J., i8j., and 245. per dozen; extra
strong, 30J. and 425. per dozen. Ail other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S EstablUhment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

BIRCH, 4 to 5 feet, 50.?. per 1000 ; ELM,
English, 4 to 6 leet, so.r. per loro ; QUICK, strong 5-yr.
old, transplanted, 30.T. per ico3 ; PIN US LARICIO, iM to 2
feet, 15^. per looa ; FIR, Scotch, about 2 feet, 255. per loco.
C. BUTLER. Nurseryman. &c., Wellington, Salop.

ABIES DOUGLASII, \h to 2 feet, 25^. per
100 ; 2 to 2^^ feet, 33^. per loo ; 3 to 4 feet, (yos. per
100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU-
CARIAIMBRICATA. 18 to uo inches, 24?. per dozen ; 2 to iM
ieet, 43i. per dozen: 3 feet, extra, 6- J per dozen; each size by the
thjmand. CEDRUS DEODAR.A, 4 to 5 feet, 301. per dozen.
CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS. 2 to 5;< feet. tot. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2% to 3 feet, 60s. per 100 ; C.
GRACILIS, distinct, \'A foot, 12s. per dozen ; C. STRICTA,

2 to 2'/2 feet, the finest upright, 125. per dozen; C. FUNE-
BRIS, scarce, i'/. foot, 131- per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS.

3 to 4 feet, 601. per dozen; P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine,
5CJ. per loo ; ij^ to 2 feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 841.
per dozen : P. LAStOCARPA, 4 to 4J2 feet, 7or. per dozen :
P. WEBBIANA, 3 to 354 feet, true, 84s. per dozen. PINUS
EXCELSA, 2 (eet, is. per dcztn ; P. INSIGNIS, i foot. 30s.
per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ico THUIA LOBBII, roto 15
inches : special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. extra, for. per dozen. RHO-
DODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in
thousands.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserj'man, Stranraer, N.B.

SP E C I A L C H E A P~0Tf E R.—
ALDER, ASH.' BIRCH, ELiVI, Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (Enslish), PRIVET ovahfolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. AW the above good stout stuff, from 2 to

4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3. 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES, 3 to 6 feet; EERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, ij, to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to to feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to 0 feet : splendid stulT, all recently transo'anted,
IVIES in variety. LAURtLS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,

3 to 5 feet : RETINOSPORA-S, in sotts. i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stulT; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3
feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICfUM JACKSONIANA,
Stc. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.

For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent,

Notice.

CUT LILIES of the VALLEY and
MAIDENHAIR FERN. I beg to inform my Customers
and the Trade generally that daily supplies of the above can
be sent frjm December 22. Particulars on application. A few
hundred ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM in 48 pots, at 61.
per dozen, cash.

T. JANNOCH.The Lily Nursery, Dersingham.lNorfolV.

^QPECIAL OFFER.— Extra fine Dwarf-

O trained APRICOTS, fruiting trees, 5 to 6 feet high, and

4 to 5 feet wide, will remoi-e with good fibrous roots, 5J., -js. 6(i.
to lor. dd. each. Extra fine Dwarf-trained Royal tieorge
PEACH, fruiliiig trees, sr. to -js. 6d. each. Elcombe's Im-
proved PARSNIP: this very popular variety was sent out by us
some years since and has'oroved a great success (see Gardciu rj'
Chronicle for Nov. 39. 1884, p. 694). We offer I'rue Stock Seed
from selected roots : trade Price on application.

ELCOMBE AND SON, Nuiserymen and Seed Merchants,
Romsey, Hants.

OrcMas.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Liinited, h^ve at present a prand
stocV of DLNDROBIUMS. in variety, and other Easi Indian
ORCHIDS, also CATTLEVAS and other valuaVe ORCHIDS
from South America, and they arc constantly receivirg fresh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

GrapQ vines,

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand
stork ol Grape Vines, suitable (or Fruiting in Pots and Planting
in Vineries. CATA,LOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool,

Tlie Subscriber can still Offer

P)OSES, Dwarf, on Manetti, very fine plants,
** all good sons, at -zis. per loo, C"^ per looo ; MANETl'I
STOCKS, extra good, 25s, per icoo, C^a \os. per 10 coa ;
ASPARAGUS, very fine plants, 2-yr., 91.; 3-yr., i2i. frf. ; 4-yr.,
175. f>4 : all at per icco. The best that money can buy. For
cash with order.

R. LOCKE, The Royal Rose Farms, Redhill, S-jrrey.

ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,
France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS.
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, ziA Honfleur, about 25. dd, per ico lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
93, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

SPECIAL OFFER.

ROSES, Standard, Hair-Standard, Gloire de Dijon

(dwarfs). General Jacqueminot (dwarf.-).
L.\RCH, t to 5 feet.
SPANISH, 2 to 6 feet.
ALDER, 2 to 4 feet.
HAZEL, = to 4 feet.
FIR, Scotch, I foot.
MANETTI STOCKS.
WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS.
Prices on application.
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries, Cherlsey.

Aquatics.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest ColleclicD ol above in the country, and can supply
Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, m ico showy varieties,
from 50J. jj^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Sorrey, S W.

To the Ti-ade
SEED POTATO S.

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
- • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can
be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, and the prices are very reasonable.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420

varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's
selection, as. 6d. per dozen, its. per loo ; cnllings, \s. 6ci. per
dozen, lor, per loo : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Esaay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited,

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

Notice of Removal.
T^UTTING AND SONS beg to give notice

X^ that owing to the expiration of the lease of 60, Barbican,
they have removed to more extensive premises.

106, SOUTHW-iRK STREET. S.E ,
where all communications should be addressed.
NUTTING AND SONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
London. .S E.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is,), containing 75 Illui^tra-
tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable "Hints on Fern
Culture," and other useful and interesting information.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

The Strongest, Healthiest, and Finest Plants

ever offered.

STANDARDS and HALF- STANDARDS,

best sottp, i8j. per dozen, xzos. per 10c,

DWARF STANDARDS,

121^. per dozen.

DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES,

91 per doz^n, 60s. per 100.
A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-Jtcc to applicants.

FRANK CANT,

THE ROSE GROWER. THE MILE END NURSERIES,

COLCHESTER.

The Winner of over 150 First Prizes for Roses. Custcmtrs are
respectfully invited to come and select their own Plant;.

HITE PAMPAS PLUMES,

18 to 24 inches Icng, $J5 per loco.
24 to ,^o inches long. $5 per 100.

ALES of TOBACCO STEMS,

weighing 510 lb.. $:o per bale, -^ bales fcr $50.

Cash wiih order, or ref^erence to

H. WATERER,

38C9. Pewelton Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

w

B

12- oz Sample Packets, free by posit, 12 stamps.
^IBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.-

F

BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best q-ialuy for Orchi 1=,
StovePlanls.&c,Z6fJ. per Truck, BLACK FIBROUS PE.'VT,
for Rhododendrons. Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant Beds, iS'i.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bae, gi ; 5 Kags, 22s. f</. ; 10 Bags,
4SJ. Bagsincluded, Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj 6rf, per Bag,
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 5M. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station. Hams,

EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In-
secticide wnrth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. Th^ only Insecticide awarded Oiploma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh,— Wholesale Agents, CORRV.
SOPER. FOWLER and CO., Finsbury Street, London, E.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.,

^d. per bushel ; 103 i^x ?5r. ; track (loose, about 2 tons),

40J. : 4 bushe! bags, Ad each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6i per sack;
5 sacks. 251 : sacks. \d each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks :ji. ; sacks,
^d. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. is. grf. per bushel; ly. per half
ton, 26s. pertn!) , iu a-bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAl'-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, I.', per bust.e'.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, Si. (,d. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICK?, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Fiee
Price LIST.-H. G. SldYTH. si. Goldsmith's Street
Drury Lane {lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the
Royal Gardens. — Best Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Recuse,
ij. per sack ; 30 for ssi. — bags inchided. Trucks (containing
2Ton^) 25J., fiee on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Keut Peat, 5J. per
sack ; 5 for 225. 6i/. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, -\s. f^d. per
sack ; lofor 30J. Coarse Bedford Sand, \s "^d. per bushel ; \i.s,
per Yi ton; 225. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould,
ir. per bushel. Guano, Crushed Bones, £:c. Finest Tobacco
Cloth. 8rf. per lb. ; 28 lb. for i8i. Speciality Tobacco Paper,
\od, per lb. : 28 lb. for 21J. : 70J. per cwt. Second qnality, ^d,
per lb. : s8 lb for xds. Archangel and Petersburyh Mat^.
Piice LIST sent free. Special qurtations to the Trade for cash,

W. HERBERT and CO..

Hop Exchange Warehouses. Southwabk Street, S,E.

(near London Bridge).

T^EEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND and

-tV BLIGHT DESTROYER. — Best winter dressing for
Peach Trees. &c- No painting nor washing required. Syringe
as directed with Keel's Insecticide. Wonderful results— destroys
all Blight— imparls no flavour to Fruit — clean, heallhy.and very
cheap. Send orders early to W. G. KF.EL, Newton St. Lee,
near Bristol (late Keel & Hawes, Bath) ; or to Nurserymen.
Empties to Bath Station.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pri/^e Medals.
Quality, THE BEST In tlie Market. (All sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . i,s 67. per sack ; 5 sacVs for acj,
PKAT, best black fibroui .. 3J f>d. ,, 5 sacks for 151.

PEAT, extra selected Orchid 51. od. „
L<^.'\M. best yellow hbtous .. ^

PEAT MOULD „ .. J

SILVER SAND, coarse, ij. 3</. per bush,, I2f. half tor, aw. ton

RAFFIA FIBRK. best only 81/. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, I'lneit impoiled .. %d. lb., 28 lb. tSj.

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spiciali'.e) Zd. lb., 28 lb. iSj.

MUSHROO.M SPAWN, finest Miiltrack.. 51. psr bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2r. per bush., is. per sack.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sackf, ij. each ; 10 sacks, gs. ; 15 sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks, ^^s :
30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, ^ns. Tiuck-lcad, loose, free oa rail,
30J. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in
sacks only, zs each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIL, LONDON, E.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as well as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, 7i'ilh full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), LiMiTKD,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

INSECTICJDE

(Soluble iiiWater)
Effectually clear.^ all Insects and Parasites from the Hoots
or Foliaf?e of Trees auil I'luits. Kills all Veritable Qruba,
Turnip ily, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Grnpes
from Mealy Bug-, iS:c.. and makes a good "Winter Dressing.
Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/G, 2/(3, 4,'G a bolllo. Per fral-
Jon 12/0, or loss in larfjor quantities. A Tictt'St: on "/''jV Trer
Oil," and iCs applicniion. s^'it free on rtfeijl o/ aeliln:'!.'', f»f l/if
Mauufacturo; E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANCHESTER.
Wholesale from HooPKR & Co.; Cokkv, Sorsa, Fowi.Kn and
Co.; C. E. OsMAH & Co. and from all the Tx>ndon Seed
Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. ^

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since iS;'> ag.^i^ft Red Spider, Mild«w»
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to a ounces In ihe
grillon of soft water ; 4 to iS ounce!; as winter dressine for Vines
and Orchard'housc Trees ; and in lather from the ctkc SRainst
American Blight Has outlived mnny prep.iralions intended to
supersede it. Boxes, i,j. , 3?.. and 105. Cd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet Rround. Boxes, bd. and u. from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), Loridon.

GARDEN REQUISITE.S.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin CorV, Ralfu, Mats. B.imboo Caoes, Rustic
Woik, Mannres, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lo#cr Thames.St,, London, E.C.

FIR TREE OIL

December 20, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

795

SPECIAL NOTICE

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1885,

WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTIFULLY

(18 inches by 13 inches),

FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN.

PRICE FIVEPENCE ; POST-FREE, FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ;

OR WITH

ALMANAC MOUNTED ON OAK EOLLEES,

READY TO BE HUNG UP, AND ENCLOSED IN CASE,

SEVENPENCE ; POST-FREE, EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY.

Purchasers are specially recommended to order the Almanac in a Case,

TO PREVENT INJURY FROM FOLDING.

J he Ptiblisher cannot be responsible fur injury to the Almanac unless it is so protected.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. -=13a

As a large Extra Sale of this Nuinber is guaranteed, it will be a very

valuable meditmi for Advertise77ients.

APPLICATIONS FOE SPACE SHOULD BE SENT IN AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE.

W. RICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, STEAND, W.C.

796

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1884.

DEANE & CO.'S
"GEM" CONSERVATORY.

{Deiii?t Rfi^iJer^i, A".-

10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, lo ft. 6 in, high.

Price complete, with 'antern roo*". staging, c iloufed glass in
lantern and duor. ventiUting lights in side and lantern, gutter
anJ df)wn pipe, and Loughboiough Hot-water Apparatus, with
15 feet of 4-inch pipe.

£25 nett.

•'GEM" CONSERVATORY, as above. 12 feet long.
8 feet wide, £28 nett.

Erected complete within 1 5 miles of London Bridge, or
delivered carriage free tj any Station in Englai.d, with every
pa'^t maiked for fixing.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

" A marvel of ecorcnv." — Gardeners' Magazine.

" A <heap 2nd hardsome conservatory." — Bazaar.

"An ornamental and use^^ul conservaiory."— (Tarrft-n Work.

" There is nolhmg like the ' Gem,' " — Ladic^ Pictoii 'l

DESrriVS and ESTIMATES for CONSERVATORIES.
r.RKEENHOUSESano HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE.

THE LOUGHBOROUGH HOT-WATER
APPARATUS,

Complete as aho*n, with 12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water
Pipe, ^4 4^'

Delivered free to any Pta-
lion. Di^co^lnt fur Cash.

The simplest, cheapest,
and most powerfulapparjius
made. It requires no brick
setting, ni stokehole, and
nohrt-water filter for fixiPE,
and burnF. more than twelve
hours without attention.
Loughborout;h B ilers to heat up tn 650 feet of 4 inch p'pe, with

hnt-water pipes joints. &c , always in j^tock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF AW

SIZE ON APPLICATION.

CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers,

LONDON BRIDGE.

46 King William )
Street. F.C , i

DAVID LOWE & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS

HOT-WATER ENGINEEES,
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK,

CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.

Plans and Estimates on application for every description of

Horticultiu-al Buildines in Wood or Iron.

Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock.

RICHARDSON'S

IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES

WITH ADJUSTABLE RIDGE VENTILATION.

Lights can be insiai tly removed or fixed open at any angle

withjul interfering with the plants.

CaRFMCS PrtlD TO ANV STATION. P i i LV FOR PplCB LiST TO

W. RICHARDSON & CO.,

Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers,

DAELINGTON,

BRUNELL & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS.
GREAT QUEEN STREET, WESTMINSTER, B.W.,
and LOUGHBOKOUGH JUNCTION, S.E.

CONSERVATORIES

AND

GREENHOUSES
in Wood and Iron.

Cucumber Frames.

r) HALLIDAY and C O. desire
V» draw special attention to ihtir Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large slock, le^dy glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in Ergland : — £, s. d.
2-lipht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet "
3-light frame, 12 feet
6-light fijime, 54 feet
The glass is nailed and puttied ir. Lights and framing for
brick pits at propi^riionaitly low prices.

R, HALLIDAY AND Co., Hothouse Buildersand Engineers,
Roval Horticultural Works, Middleton, MancheMer.

W. H. LASCELLE8 & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E C.

ly biLiiion in i:<iigiiiiiu .*— Xj *' "■•

t by 6 feet) p„i.:, _ ( 3 >o o

■ ^^!";t Cases ,«] 5 5 o

t by 6 feel ) i 10 o o

H. LASCELI.es and CO. vill pive Estimates for
every descnpiion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when n^ce-sary.

LAS:feLLEij* X^EW ROLKWORK. mateiial in various
oil urs.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Rfw, and 35, Pcuttty, Cheapside, F.C.

Illustrated Lists of \^ orden Buildings, Greerhou'^es and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slaba for walls, paths, and siagts,
sent pojt-free on aoplicaiion.

Heating Apparatus.

CATALOG U£.
•with Prices, Post-free,

SPECIAL GLXsS

FOR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c

All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application.

T. & W. F A B, M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.

BtLGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, ic.

Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of

BETHAU & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.

B. & Son have always a large ^lock in London of 20 in. by
tzin , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 2I-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purp ses n 200 ft and 500 ft. ca'-es.

21 OZ tu e n of the above sizes, in 100 and aco leet boxes,
3ds dtd 4ths qiialiites, always kept in stock

A large stock of similar current sizes o( 16-OZ. glass in
200 feel boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORQE FARmiLOE Sc SONS.

GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smlthfield, London, E C.

Slack List an" l'r>ces f» afiflirftttfm On"'e ' h' onic/f

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON. MANCHESTER.

Vineries. Stoves, Greecliouses, Peach Houses. Forcing Houses. &e., constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growinc houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the vfrv brst.

ConRervatOlies and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the large. t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &;c., always in stock.

Plans, Estttnates aiid Catalogues free. Customers vaited on in any part of tJu Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MrtPKRATK CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEH CHAPELS RHOOTTNG LODGES. COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS. Jfec.

I i

\i-

^oS

o

HOT

■^^ms^jtrj&yj:^-

<^^

JAMES BOYD & SONS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND
HE.-\TING ENGINEERS,

PAISLEY.

LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall, S.W.^r^

•WATER AFPAKATDS lor WARMINO CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRTINQ ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINaS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.

December 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

797

" Hand dcsinam donee ptrfecero."

R. S. DUNBAR

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.

HOT- WATER

PIPES -
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES -

2-inch, \s. od. ; 3-inch, i^. 5^' ; 4-inch, is. gd. per yard.

2-inch, i^. 4c/.; 3- inch, 2s. od. ; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

2-inch, 2^-. od. ; 3-inch, 3.^. od. ; 4-inch, 4^. od. each.

2-inch, 2S. od. ; 3-inch, t,s. od. ; 4-inch, 4s. od. each.

A Discount for Cash to the Trade.

S. OWENS & CO.,

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,

WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.

THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.

This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can tie obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations. &c.

No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.

No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or

Steam Power. [Gardens. &c.

No. 46<z. IMPROVED DOU BLE- ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49,j. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 54a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.

No. 49. G.ARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.

No. 54^. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.

No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.

No. 4. CAST-IRO.N GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.

No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose It r

Garden use.

S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions Farms &c comprising PUMPS TURBLNES
WATER WHEELS. WARMING APPARATUS. BATHS. DRYING CLOSETS. GASWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MAN U RE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS. HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

STEVEN BROS. & CO., w™..

35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET,

Alamifactiircrs of

and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS.

Terminal-end Saddles.

GOLD MEDAL BOILERS.

Independent Conical Boilers.

ARGOSY BOILERS, &c.

Hot-water Pipes and Connections.

Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS.

Patent Expansion Joints.

THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c.

NOTE. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock
of Hot-water Appliances in London.

Crown Svo, with Colotired Fro7itispiccc. Price \s. 6d.

HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.

A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.

By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO , Bouverie Street, E.G.

798

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1884.

TO ADVERTISERS,

In consequence of the Christmas
Holidays, tJie GARDENERS'
CHRONICLE for next Saturday,
December 27, loill be published on
Wednesday the 2\th iiist. at 2 p.m.
Advertisements for that Njiinher
must reach the Office not later than
TUESDA Y morning, the 2yl inst.

THOMAS GREEN & S

(Limited),

Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds,

And Surrey Works. Blackfrlars Road, London, S.E.

Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Q.ieer,
CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR

PATENT

WROUGHT - IRON" TUBULAR

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hol'ow or Oidinary Cast-iion
GRATE liARS ;

SADDLE BOILERS,

Wiih WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS,

which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Cun^er-

vatories, Churches. Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance

Halls, Warehousfcs, Work&h'^ps, &c.

They are ike neatest, clieapest. tnoU efftctive, and durab'.e

of any extant.
The Tubular ones are remarkable f-r their great heating
power, blow combustion, and the length of time the fire vviil
burn without requiring attention. This pattern

Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal,

Aiv^ided to it at the Royal Horticultuyal Soiiety's ExJdbitii^n^
South h'enun^ton, London, onjttne 3 iS3r.

FHOlJTCLLWTlCiH LOIIHTUDiHAL &£CIJt;.

The "journal of Ilorticidiure of June g saye ; —
" Heating Atpabatus — A gieat number of boilers, valves,
&c , were txhibiied byeit-ht competitors, and con>iderab!e in-
terest was manirested in ihi veidict of the judges, and much
discussion was brought to bear on the merits and vhjricomiiigs
of the oiflerent boirers. 'Ihe apparatus for which the Silver
Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a
series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X,
but the tubes in ogee foim, in tlie crown of the boiler. Most
gardeners who exam'ned the briiler expressed a favourable
opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wiih-
out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had
weight wiih the judges."

The Garden of June ii says : —

"The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs.
Green & Son for iheir new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a
modific.uion of their original patent, the boiler being longer and
not so high. It is found to be apov.erlul and efficient boi'er, and
heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption
of fuel."
Descriptive Illustrated Pi ice List may be had free on apilication.

Estimates given for all kinds of Heatirg Apparatu-, and Hot-
water Fillings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice.
Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from 4^/. to \s, 6./. per gallon.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

4-'m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4J. -^d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feer long, 4s. 6d. each.

Frke List on application.

THE " LAN KESTER " HOT - WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-u-on. Solid, Waterway End Boiler.
Distinguished for its Durr-lulity, Efficiency, and Economy cf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we

are acquainted.

Price of Boiler
T Heat of and "set of

^°°S- 4-111. Pipe. Fitlings.

A, 19 in. 150 feet f,s »o o

B, 22 in. 300 „ 6 15 o

C, 24 in. 400 ,, 850

D, a6 in, 500 ,, 9 10 o

E, 28 in. 600 „ 10 15 o

F, 32 in. 70Q ,, 12 5 o

G, 36 in. 850 „ 13 15 o
H, 42 in. 1000 ,, 15 10 o
I, 48 in. 1250 „ 1750
I. 54 in. i6co ,, 19 10 o

— - - - K, 60 in 2000 1, 22 10 o

• Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fire bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener 0/ great experience l^*' \l Js a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping HI at nighi that I know. It burns
auvihing." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one lias
been c&mplained of. It will last out three wronght-iron Boilars.

FOR S,MALL CONSERVATORIES,
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plate coniplctc. and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the
funnel running up just outside the glas-. It can
be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in
all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet si2e, C\ 15 ; loofeet size, £,1 isj.

If theque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.
LANKESTER & SONS.

Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to (i.t work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on applicatioiL

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron and Wire Espaliers, <Sc.

MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS.

GALVANISED.

EYES, id. perdcz. HOLDFASTS, with

Winders, -js. per dozen. WIRE, aj. per ico yards.

C A T A LOGU E free. PUnse name litis J-afer.

BAYLISS, JONES &1aYLISS,

VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.G.

BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,

Horticultural Builders and Manufacturers
of Boilers, Valves, &c.

Experienced men sent to any part of the Kingdom. Our
men are generally fixing Boilers in most of the Home Countits,
and can be sent at a short notice to inspect or replace Boilers.

Check-snd Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS ^^rf^:^^'- ^

OF BOILER
KEPT IN
STOCK.

This Boiler is fixed in every c'^unty in England, giving the
greatest sxtisfaction.

Terminal-end Saddle Boiler.

ALL KINDS

OF BOILER

KEPT IN

STOCK.

NETT PRICES ON APPLICATION.

Catalogues Post-free. All Boilers are Euaranteed to heat
tlVKiently the quantity of pipiog stated in the Catalogue.

S T O V e"s^

Terra-Cotta I Portable I
For Coal !

KOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 Iiours or longer for about itf.,
without attention. ForGrcenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. I'ainphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. InusedailyatPalenlee's— THO.MAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street, V/estminster, S.W,

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER.

PATENT.

Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to he
pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always ready, and
being made of strong material will last several years. Many ex-
perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expressed
their entire approval of the result. Bo.\ containing 6 dczei*,
p.ice 5i.

Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, i4t and r4i. High Street,
Notting Hill, W. ; and J.W. DART, St. Aubins, Jersey.

TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER

-L (Paleni). Great Economy in Time and L ibour. Sample
Box, containing six dozen, in three sizes, price 5J. Sold by

R. H. AND j. PEARSON. I4iandt43, Hifh Street, Notung
Hill. London, W. : and J. W. DART, St. Aubins, Jersey.

Roster's Garden Edging Tiles.

liiill ^^§ ^^^a ^^

THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. l.he
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour CO Slugs or lutect?,
take up little ruom, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, ~~- -

as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Store,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Groui d
Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsiand Road, E

Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES.
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : al.^o
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Pain or
more elaborate Designs, wiih Prices, sent for selection

WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Wails of Dairies,

Larders, Kiichen Ranges, Ealh=, &c. Groi^vedand oiher Stable

Paving of great durabihtv. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in ^reat variety, Slates, Cement &c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and TUe Meichants.

See Addresses above.

Q I L V E R S~ A N D,

r^ fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or FerneiieF.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.

F. ROSHER A^D CO,— Addresses see above.

N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Whaives.

A liberal Discount to the Trade.

Under the Patronage of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE

O • STRATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised

BLACK-FACED LETTERS.

The Gardener's Magazine says : — "We must give these rhe
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in meril."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.

AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

HIRST. BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

-^*- The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues : — 6 ft.
6 in. by ^ ft. g in. at is. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 2s. 2d. ; 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft-, -^s. 2d. Aoply to

Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tiing.

RUSSIA MATS.

TAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every

O description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiing.Tvins, ai.d
Packing, at the very lowest po.-sib'e piices. TOIi.\CC()
PAPER, RAFFIA, RROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND,
COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), ai.d other HORTI-
CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Desciipiive Piiccd
CATALOGUE post-free on application.

r49. Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, F.

Russia Mat Merchants.

ARCHANGEL MATS and PETERSBURG
MATS, for coveiing,patking,S:c., and RAFFIA FIBRE.
For Wholesale Prices appiv to

MARKNDAZ and FISHER, o, James Street. Ccvei.t
Garden, W.C.

BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX"

FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX,

Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes.

For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers—
BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE. LIVERPOOL.

BLAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S
WATERPROOFandother LAPELS, for Nurierv and
Greenhouse purposes: also the WILLESDEN WEATHKR-
PROOF SCRVM CLOTH f.r Shadinc. Pictorial Mower
and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requiiites.
Address : School Lane, Liverpool.

December 20, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

799

H

oil Paint no Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S HLACK VARNISH,

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Sionc.
(Re^i tirci T,adi Mn'k)

This VARNISH is sn excellent substitute for cil paint oa
aU cutdoor woik, while it is lully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by tVe Adveiti^ers. and
ii^genuiue gocd qu.-.Iily, notwillistaiiding a host of vmprincipled
itnitUtors, is fiiHy attChied by ils constaully incriasing sale. It
maj»-be apphed by an otdirLaty libourcr, rtqnires no mixing
or thinninp, aud is used cold. It is used m the grcur.ds at
Wirld^or Caslle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Oentty, from whom the niLit
fl^tterii'); te^tiiiionids have been leCfivird.

Sold in Ca.-ks of about 30 gallons each, at 1.1. 6</. per gallon,
at the Mai uFaclory, or i^. 8(/. per gal'ou CJnriage paid to any
Scati.'n ia the Kingdom.

IJNSdLIClTED TnSTIMONIAL.

" Purce/ifiii Par/.-, Jun: ar, 1S76.— Sirs.— I have thii day
foiwarded from Chep-low tj your address a black v^TTiiih cask,
to be tilled and returned with as gcod Varnish as the last we
hid, which I caod id ty admit was the best we every hid. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I ac, Sirs, yours re-
spectfii'lv. Wm, Cox.

C A UT /ON.— \iiLi. & ?M(TH would partlcu'arly warn their
Customers against ih; various cheap Vamiihjs now so inuth
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has been an aitii.Ic of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom fcr upwards of ihiny yeais ;
and their constantly iiicre.is.iiig trade in it, aid the numerous
Testimonials ihey receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article,
Every cask is legibly niaiked with their name aid Registered
Trade Mark as abive, without which none is genuine.

Larce i.lustrated CATALOGUE uf Fencing H-Jidles, Field
and El. trance Gates. &:c . sent fiee nn application to

HILL AND SMITH, Biicrley Hill Ironworks Stafrord<.hire ;
718, Qiieeo Victoria Street, London, E C. ; aLd 196, St. Virxent
Street, Glasgow.

Just t:ub!i;hed for 1SS5,

FRANCIS MOORE'S ALMANAC,
Vox Stellarum. Jl'his very p3puiar Almanac, besides
the n ual Calendar, contains a fuller account of the Eclipses
and Astronomical phenomena of the Year than any publication
of its class, was btely increased by several pages, giving Lists
of the Members of ihe Governmenr, the Houses of Parliament,
.'tnd other u-eful inf^>rmation, and a List cf the Principal
Bu'-iness Fairs in England and Wales.

'Ihe STATIONERS' CO.MPANY, Stationers' Hall, E.C

The Sydney Mail

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS .-—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NE-\VS.
SPORTING and iha FIELD, in which is iDCJrpDraled

BELVS LIFE m SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn ard engraved

especially for ihis Journal,)
NATURAL HISTOKV. (Original Articles.)
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.i-

LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amoutt ol information on a great variety of subjects.

Subscription in Advance, £1 63. per Annum.

Suigle Copies, Cd, ; Stamped, jd.
rubiiahing Office— Kiinter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The r.nd?rmenl:cncd Newspaper and Advertising Aeents are
auihoiised M receive ADVt RTISEM KNTS for the SYD-
NEY Morning herald and sydnev mail;—

LoxLON Messrs. Geo. Street & Co.. 30, Cornhiil, EC.

Mr. F. Algar, S, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street. E.C.
Mesi-rs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Meo-rs. \V. H Smith & Son, iS6. Strai:d.

BftiSTOL James & Henry Grace, Royal Insuiance

EuildinES.
MA^•clIESTER . Tames & Kenry Grace, "b, Marktt Street.

Edinbltgh Kobe- t<cn & Scott. t3, Haciover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15. Roy.d Exchange

Place.

^^ Copies of each Jotirnal are filed at the
above Offices Jot ihe tese of Advertisers.

The Best Family Newspaper

in the Novili of Enghird

ri-^HE LEEDS TJMES. Saturday, Weekly.

J- Price Twopence. Established, 1832. The " Leeds
Times " is one of ihc largest and mos-t popular family news-p.-ipsrs
txtant. In addition to a judicious digest of tiie local, dist^lc^
and general news of the week, it contains seme columns of care-
fully selected liter^iry matter, thus making it a wrlcoine eutst
in every (.Tniily circle. It circulates largely in Leed?, Brad'ord,
HudderblitlJ, Dtwbbiiry, and most of the towns ar.d villages ni
the West Ridinc. and is tlius one of the best advcnibing
mcdiuats iu Yoik^hirc.

OtTices, 49A, Hriggate, Leeds.

WANTED, a respectable young- man as
foreman, for the Houses; one who h.^s been
Jourr.ej 1"^" f''r several years in a g '■ d establi hmeiit prcfeiied.
Mu^t be highly reconiinended. Wages 17J. per week, with
lodgmgs and mi!k.-W. BROWNING, Ranston G.irdcns,
Blandford, Dorset.

WANTED, by February 2, TsSs, an
eficrgetic man ns FOREMAN, on a Mixed Fruit,
Hep, Arable and Stock Farm, and where a smiU Nur-.ety
Hiiainess is done. It is the intention of the proprietor lo extend
his Fruit Culiiv.Uion and raivirg ^f Fiuit Smcks for Sale. A
man who is conversant with Faiit, ar.d alsj R*isiiig, Training.
&c. the Stock, would be piefened. — Apply, giving reference'^,
wages wanted, e.^pe^ience, and full p.irticulars, to X, Y. ,
Ga'deners Chroiitiif. 41, Wellington Sliett, Strand, W, 1.'.

WANTED, a thoroughly eflkient and
capable MAN, for the Fruit I'ree Department of a
large Nursery. Must be able to (uini&h ilie very best refer-
ences both as to ability :<nd character. — W. C. W,, GariLne/s'
Chronicle Office, 41, Welhngton Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a young MAN for Kitchen
C»arden and Pleasure Grounds ; one that can use
scythe. Wages 16s. per tt-eelc and boihy.— E. CLARKE,
Cannon Hall Gardens, Barnsley, Yoiks.

WANTED, a handjsrespectable PORTER,
with a knowledge ol varieties of Polalos. — Apply,
staling age, salary required, and experience, to A. M.,
Cardenen.^ Chrouicie OlTice. 4i,\\'ellingt n Street, Strand, W C.

WANTED, for a Horist's Shop, a young
LADY, who is a first-rate hand at M^iking Bouquets,
Wreaths, &c. — Apply, giving refeiences, ?nd slating >a!.iiy
expected 10 THE LIVLRPOOL HOR ITClfLrUiiAL
COMPANY (J'^hn Co-van) Limiled, The Vineyard, Garston,
Liverpool.

WANT PLACES.

*#* Ganicjicrs and others si\-ki/!g sitiialions
are WARNED lo be careful in llteir dealings
■with so-called Horticullural A^cnls, and are
CAUTIONED NOT lo SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless Ihey have good
reason to knoio that lie is a responsible man,
likely lo be able lo fulfil his engagements.

They are also specially advised not lo send
ORIGINAL TESAIDWNIALS to Adver-
tisers ivho may be vnknozun lo Iheni, lailh-
out a special application for the same by letter.

RI C H A r1d smith and CO.
beg to announce ihat they aie consiantly receiving
applications from Gardeaers seekir.g situation?, and th:it
ihcy will be able to supply any Lady or Geniiemaa with
particulars, &c.— St. Joho's Nur=eri':s. Wcrce.ster.

Q C O T C H GARDENERS.

^^ —John Downie, Te^dsman, 144, Princes Sireei, Ed.n-
buri;h, has at present on his list a number of SCOICH
GARDENEHS, waiting re-engagements, a: wjges ranging
from il 50 to ,£100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
fall pai ticul.-iis to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a tru'.t-
worthy and competent Gardener.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

S IE WARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

TAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all

f-' times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of v/hom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.—
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Mr.

BoDDEV, Eurwarton Hall, Bridgenorih, will be pleased
to recommend his Foreman, J. Leese. to any Lady or Gentlem.in
requiring ihe services of a thoroughly competent and trust-
worthy man. Fourteen years" exptrlence m gocd establish-
ments. Full particulars on application.

/:< ARDENER (Head)— Neil Sinclair,

V-J Gardener to the MarchioneFS of Downshire, Easthamp-
stead Park, Wokingham, Berks, will be pleased to recommend
his Foreman, H. Howell, to any Lady cr Genlleman re-
quiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches
of the profession. Total abiainer.

ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of

HoUanden, Tonbtidge, wishes to highly recommend his
Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him tight
years, and s x years with previous prop ietor. Leaving on
acccui.t of family moving to Town — For particulars apply to
P. C. HARDWICK. Esq.. address a^ above.

ARDENER (Head). — W. J. Ireland"^

Gardener, Headfort House, wGuld be happy to lecom-
mend to any Nobleman or Gentleman a iho oughly tiustworthy
and energetic man as above. Fourteen years' practicd expe-
rience in some of the leading English Gardens, and now Foreman
at Headfort Hou^^e. Good character frcm pa^t and present
situations, and has also the hooour of referring to the Marquis
of Headfort, Headfort House, Kells, Co. Meatb.

ARDENER (Head), or ESTATE

bailiff.— Age 40 ; is now open to re-engagement.
Long and successful experience in all branches. Has held both
public and private situations : last place eight years. Well
educated, highly recammended, and thoroughly trustworthy.
— G. L,. Gaidencn' Chtonicle Ofhce, 41, WeUington Street,
Strand, W.C.

(':j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33 ;

V^ mariied ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardeil-
ing. Eight yeara' good character.— S. B., 3. Canal Terrace
\ork Road, King's Cross, N.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
two cr three are kept. — .'Xge ^fj. mariied. Can tibtaiti
first-class testimonials irom previous and present emjil^iyers,
with whom he has lived eighteen years.— K. FORNACliON,
lilackbrook, Ponttilas K. S. O., Herefordshire.

GARDENER (Singlk-handed).— Age 33,
single ; thorough knowledge cf Vines, Cucumbers, Greeii-
houie, &c., and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years'
gond reference, five in previous.— H. WILLIAMS, 55, Upper
P.trk Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.

''PO NURSERYMEN.-

■«- you.h (i^geJ nj) in a Nurs

■i:j^OREMAN, in a good establishment. —

-L Age iS: has a thorough knowledge of the Cu'tiv-ition of
Orchids, Stove and Greenhou-e Plants, Early and I, ale Forcing
of Fruit and Flowers. Nearly five years as Forfuian in present
place. Character will bear strict investigation (or efficiency,
honesty. &c. — FOREMAN, Putteridge P.iik. Luton.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment.— Age ly ; can be mcU recommended. —
ROBERT THOMAS, Aberaman Paik Gardens, Aberdaie.

JOURNEYMAN; age 20. — EDMUND

'/ Williams, The Gardens, Peabniarsh Place, Sussex, will
be glad to recummeid a steady, energetic yoimg man, who has
served three years as an apprentice here, ii-thy pieferred. —
Address as abjve.

rpiO GARDENERS.— Situation wanled by a

J- young man (age so); 6 y<ars' experience. Under
glass preferred. Good character. Please state wages, &c., to
J. NOWELL, Bracebridge, Luicoln.

''PO GARDENERS.— Situation wanled for a

-i- strong willing Coy under a good Head Gardener, where
he will be able to lea-n the business of ali-round gardener.- J.
WAGSTAFF. The Gardens. Fusleigh, Islcwoilhon-Thames.

-Wanted, to place a

^. - - - Lirsery. where FUnts and Cut
Fjowers are Grown tx'ensivc'o for M^iket. Strong, willing,
and of sober habit*. Will give the first six months in return fur
learning.— ALPHA, 71, Dalnuin Road, Forest Hill, S.E.

NURSERY MANAGER^7^Ef^ERAL~^
iNtouR). — Twenty-five years' (.xpeiicnoe in the various
deparlmnts. Gocd Salesman and CVrtespondent. Artistic
Floral Decorator, Eouqieii.l, and Wieaihist. — HORTUS,
5, Bowhill Terrace, Edinburgh.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN.— Age 26 ; eleven years' expe-
lience. Qiialified in all brai.chps of the business. Unex-
ceptionable references.- W. O., Box 63, PoiC-olBce. Chester.

SH O PMAN. — Eleven years' experience.
Excellent reference respecting character and abilities. —
T. H., 50, Frenchwocd Street, Preston.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.-Age 21 ;
five years' experience. Highest tereience>.— H. FOLL,
2, Goldsmith Square, Nottingham.

Seed Trade-

SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21 ; eight
years' experience. For references, 5;c., apply to Messrs.
HENDERSON and SONS. Seed Merchants, 1-frechin, N. B.

TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.—
Wanted, by a youth (i8), situ.iiion with Florist cr Nur-
seryman, where a small salary would be given to commence
with, and a go(d opporiuoity of promotion. Only been out
three months.— CHARLES WALL, AJdbjrough, Borobtidge,
near Yoik.

GKATEFCTL-COMFORTING.

EP PS ' S COCOA.

BREAKFAST.

" By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws whicli govern
the opcraiion.s o! digestion and nutrition, and by a caiefiil appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps
hjs provided cur breakfast tables with a dthcately flavoured
beverage which m.iy save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up urtil strong enough to resis'e very
tendency todisease. Hundreds of subtle maladies aie fljatirg
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point We
may escape many a fatal ^ha'l by keeping ourselvos well fortifitd
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civ.l Scivice
Gazitte.

Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —

JAMES EPPS & CO, Homceopathlc Chemists,
London, England.

Cure of Cougli and Inflamed Lungs by

DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.—
Extract 0/ Lci'cr from Mr. Leitii. Ha>-6 iir M astir,
Scrahder, 7 huno, Dcceml'crZ, 1884 ; — " Ihc two first boxes f
got gave me imm'.diate and great relief. I have had a cough
for over two ^ejrs, brou£hi on by repeated attacks of ii.fiimma-
tion of the Iung=." Ihey instantly relieve aiid lapiJly cute
AMhma, Consumption, Bronclutis, Coughs. Colds, Shonne^s of
Breath. Phlegm, Pains m the Chest, Rheumatism, and taste
\ leasantly. Sold at is. i %d. and is.rji. per Box, of all DrUjrgists.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— The diseases
common to our variable climate which endanger the
constitution will always e>ist. though mai y nuy be mitigated
and their effects removed by timely aid appropriately applied.
Hnjioway's Pills are acknow'edged far and wide lo be the most
eflfeciive purifiers of the blood, most certain icgulators of dis-
ordered organs, and the safest and surest aperiei.t that can be
prescribed. This m-rdicine is applicable to all alike, young or
old, ri^bust or delicate ; it increases the .Tppetite and regulates
the bowels. Afier the diorder is subdued, occa>:ioiial aoscs of
ihf se Pills win prevcr.t any relapse, and moreover s^ecure, pro-
mute, and inte.isify the good results which flj»v from perfect purity
and regularity.

8oo

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 20, 1S84.

CHARLES SHARPE&CO.'S

SPECIALITIES, 1884-5.

SHARPE'S
PEA.

2s 61I. perpkt.

TRIUMPH.

Finest Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrc w.
Btst flivoured and heaviest croppf^r —
sixty-nine pods, with nine to eleven Peas
in each, gathered from one plant.

SHARPE'S
PEA.

23. 6d. per pint.

PARAGON.

Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled
Marrow. Successive crops can be had for
four months.
First-class Certiftcate. E H.S . 1884

SHARPE'S

PEA.

la per quart.

PROLIFIC WHITE

MARROW.

An excellent, large-podded, proHfic,
White Wrinkled Marrow.

SHARPE'S
PEA.

Is per quart.

SHARPE'S

BEAN.

Is. per pint.

SHARPE'S

CUCUMBER

2i. 64. perpkt.

INVINCIBLE.

Fine, long-podded. Blue Marrow. Peas
deep green. A fine Market Garden Pea.

CONQUEROR.

The longest-podded variety known. Pods
ofien t6 10 18 inches long. Fine for
Exhibiiion.

EPICUREAN.

The most prolific, earliest, deepest in
colour, and 6ne'-t in rt.ivojr of any vjiieiy
grown. Fruit long and very handsome. It
IS ^\m^\y perfect iuti.

SHARPE'S
POTATO.

8d. per pound.

VICTOR.

The earliest, quickest, and most pro-
ductive kind for It/rcing or early planting-
ready for table in from six to eight wetks

SHARPE'S
POTATO.

4s. per &tone.

SHARPE'S
TOMATO.
Is. 6(1. per pkt.

DUKE OF ALBANY.

Most vahiab'e main crop vaiiety — good
lo use from July to M<*rch

POMEGRANATE.

Fruit large, round, smooth, deep pink,
suffused with violet. Klesh solid, very deep
in colour, and of ihe finest flavour.

SHARPE'S
New Tomato.

23 6d. per pkt.

ECLIPSE.

A lemarkably prolific vaiiety. Fruit
globular, smooth, growmg in large cluste-s
at every jjint, exquisite flavour, colour
bright cherry-red.

SHARPE'S
PARSLEY.

6d. per packet.

SHARPE'S
ONION.

Is. per packet.

LINCOLN GREEN.

The perfection of garnishing Parsley.

PRIZE WHITE

SPANISH.

The best type of the Banbury section of
Onions.

SHARPE'S
MELON

Is per packet.

RAUCEBY HALL.

Finest flavoured green -flesh MeKn in
cultivation.

For full description see Advertisements in the
Horticultural Papers ; or,

SHARPE'S SEED LIST for 1885.

Post-free on application.

WHOLESALE GENERAL CATALOGUE
of SEEDS, with Trade Prices, of SHARPE'S
SPECIALITIES post-free on application.

CHARLES SHARPE & CO

SLEAPORD.

Carters'

STERLING

NOVELTIES.

IMPORTANT FACTS. -" ^\^tT^\

— admitted tnat

the Vegetables and Floral Novelties Intro-
duced of late years by Messrs. CAKTER
possess sterling qualities to a degree tbat
finds few competitors. J C & Co have only
to refer to the splendid Introductions Strat-
agem, Telephone, and Pride of the Market
Peas, Leviathan Beans Heartwell Cabbage,
Model Cucumber. Dedham Favourite Tomato.
&c , to confirm the statement, and It is a
notable fact that Messrs. carters' Novelties,
unlike many others, do not fade from public
favour, but are generally recoenlsed as
necessary In every Garden, whether for Ex-
hibition or for the Table,

The Champion Peas of the World

Per pint Post Free,
CARTERS STRATAGEM .. ,!. f,d. .. y. od.
CARTERS' TELEPHONE .. as. ad .. is. bd.
CARTERS' PRIDE OF THE
MARKET .. I

. od, .. 2r. 6(/.

Broad Bean— Carters' Leviathan.

Pods 2( inches long.

Per pint, -is, ; post-free, ?j. dd.

Runner— Holborn Masterpiece.

The best White Runner.

Prire, per pint, is. ; post-free, is. 6d,

Kale— Carters' Welsh.

A distinct and superior variety.

In sealed packets, is. fu/., ptst-free.

Broccoli— Carters' Pyramid.

The pprfection of Sprouting Broccoli.

In sealed D^cbeis, n. 6-t and 2f. 6d., post-free

Cabbage— Cartera' Prizetaker.

A distinct variety wiih a white h^art.
In sealed packets, ij., po^i-fret*.

Celery— White Plume.

A beautiful variegated variety.

In sealed packets, i.'. and is. 6d., po.St free.

Onion- Crimson Vesuvius.

A debirab!e addition to the exhibition group.
In sealed packets, is. 6d and 2^. 6d., post-lree.

Tomato— King Humbert.

A dt: t'nct and novel vap ieiy.

In sealed p:4ckets. is and 25., post-free.

Tomato— Carters' Perfection.

Was awarded ist Prize Royal Hoiticultural S jciety,

18S4.
In Scaled packets, 21. 6J., po^it-free.

LILIUM AURATUM.

In addition to the usual Importations from the
Japanese Growers, JAMES CARTER & CO have
received a limited consignment from another
source, which have also arrived In splendid
condition. They are In every respect equal to
the finest English-grown Bulbs on oiTer else-
where -measuring, on an average, 3^ to 4 Inches
In diameter, and firm as if only Jast taken up
from the ground,

/■/ iir, 2s. each, I Si-, per doncn. Carriage Free.

Price to the Trade, witli sampledoz , on application.

, High Holborn, London, W.C.

Eoyal Seedsmen
by Warrant,

237
238

WM. CLIBRAN k SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

Of the fnest Bulbs, Roses, FrtiH Trees,
Herbaceous Plants, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Trees, and Shrubs,

BULBS for INDOORJ.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6j. per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forcing, ij. and If. 6ii per dcz-.r, 71. to
lof pfr lo-i.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name. i^. 6rf. per dozen.

SPIR^AS. DIELYTRAS. DEUIZIAS. LILY of the
VALLKV, MISCELLANKOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

seiSjn,Qj. and 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARL\S,6y. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, i2i. ai,d i8j. per dczcu.
ERICA ■:, EPACRIS. AZALEAS (Indian, r.hcnt, or Mollis),

HOSES, in pots, lor forcing, i8i. and 24J, per (jozcn.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLAKIAS. HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, lichly

spotted, large flowers, is. bd. per dozen, loi per 100,

(ri-m slQies. Jn sm;iU pots, \s. per dozen, atj. pei loo,

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, birder, separate colours, 2s id. per dozen,
\Ss. per 100.

TULIPS, double or single, 91^. at d u. per di zen, 5J. and 6*.
per too.

CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, li 6^. to 2s. fj<{. ptr 100.

NARCI"^SUS, in 31; of ihe finest ar.d most disiiuct sorts, as per
CATALOGUE.
„ ordinary varieties. 31. 6d. to $s. per too.

WALLFLOWERS, red cr yellow, SWEET WILLIAM?,
CANTERBUKY BELLS. SILENE COMPAClA,
POLYaNIHU^, PRIMROSES, in great variety of
cohurs; ARABLS ALPINA. AUBRIETIAS. ALYa-
SUM SAX ATI LE, in large good plints. is per''riz"n,
7s per 100 ; or in small plants dra*n Uvm setd-beds,
ij. per 100.

DAISIES, red, white or rose. <^i. per dozen, 41. per i o.

HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3f. M. jerdtzen.

COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLuWEtJlNG PLANTS
for 25 J.

CONIFERS, fine plants fcr Window-boxes or Winter bedding.
41, and 6j. per dt zen, 301 to 5^^. per 100.

HERBACtOUS PLANTS. This is the beat season to plant.
12 fine distinct kinds, 31. ; 50, uj. 6d. ; 100, 30J.

PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental Icinds. i-jear
t.ld, 31. 6(f'. per dozen ; 2-jearold, 6i per cuzcn.

POTENriLLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 5^ per dozen.

DELPHINIUMS and PvEONIES, 8j per doz=n.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, Cs per doztn.
„ Crimson CLOVE. 31, per dozen.

LILIES, in liDe variety. 3s. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES-ROSES our fielectljn of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, lafine vatielies,6j, ; or 455 per too.

TEA ai.d NOISETTES, 12s. to i8j. ptr dozen.

MOSS ROSES, ^i. &d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6j. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts includ-
ing the pretty iinu'e Japan Roses, &c., sec CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES.

Ill all the Best Cropping Varieties.

APPLES. PEAKSand CHERRIES. Dwarf-lrainfd, for walls,
&c., good trees, 151., iSf. and 241. per dozcu.

PEARS. Pyramid. 40J. and 50X. per 100 ; good fruiting trees.
75J, and looj. per too ; Alaidcns, -^jS per 100.

APPLES, Pyramid, 40^., 501., and 751. jcr loo.

CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained Morcllo ai.d May Duke. is<.,i8j.,
ar d 24s. per dozen.

CURRANTS. Red and Black, of soils to name, Zs , to*, and
1-2S. per 100

RASPBERRIES, Fillba«.ket, Gs. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES in 40 best s^rts. strong runners. 3* ptr
loo; in small pots, 12S 6d. ptr ico ; in puts fur f.nciin;,
2SS. per i<o ; 500 in ten or twei.ty soils fur 12S. (yd.

SHRUBS, Deciduous, lar. and 15^ per ico. good plants.

HEATHS, H.trdy. of sorts lo name. 15*. per 100.

THORNS, D.>uble and Single, of sons. Standards and P>ra-
mids, 50J, and 751. per loj.

SPIR^\ PALMATA. fine forcing c'umps, lor , 15*. ard 20s.
per 100.

AUCUBaS, well coloured, for boxes, pits. &c., 6 10 9 inches,
I'Sj per no; 9 to 13 inches, 205 per 100.

THORN QUICKS. 15J. lo 301. per 100-, extra wcl! rooted.

OVAL-LEAVKD PRIVET, 4*. lo lu. per leo.

FOREST TREES, in great variety, scj to icoj. per ico.

CLIMBING PLANTS, many kiids, 6j.,gr. and laj. per drz.

AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful vaiitty, 6j. and 91.
per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT MILES FK0.1I HI A X C H ES T E R.

Editorial Cornmunicalions should be addrfsed to " The Editot;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 41. Wellington Street. Covent Carden, I ondon. W C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Pradbuhv. Agnbw, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whilefrinrs, Cily ol London, in the County of Middles, x. and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WellinEton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturi av. Uecembei 1^, 1884.

Agent for Manchester— |oHN HKywooD. Agents 'or Sco;land— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Ediuburgh and Olasgow.

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

CstaijlisijetJ i84i.

f^/

No. 574.— Vol. XXII.{seh1es.} SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1884. |p^o3^^^ffi":trfe^p"a^.|. Prf^e m.

(with supplement. iP*^ST-FREE, 5jt/.

CONTENTS.

lOtanical Orchids

British Apples

'^rapa )£utaDen^i'>

Chestnut, the Sweet

rcelogyne Rossiana

Dryness of the past sea-
son, the

Evergreeos, autumn-
planted

Ferns, the germination of

Garden, the flower
,, ihe kitchen..

Gardeners, a hir t to young
., and salesmen

Gladiolus, The Bride . .

Heliotrope, a new

Ivv, the

Lilium candidum

London. University of . .

National Auricula and
National Camalionand
Picotee Society

8og ' New garden plants

815 I Oncidium cheirophorum

813 I and O. omiihorhynchum

814 Orange peel
8c3 I Pmusjefl'reyi

I Planting during the pre-
813 ! sent season

I Plants, new, certificated .
Sio j Polyanthus, gold Uced ..

813 Pot'plants, a moist bottom

Si I for

811 Potato. Carter's Ashtop

816 Fluke

815 Potato cultivation

814 Purveyors of Roses to

8c8 Royalty

Sog Rose show fixtures

815 Smilax aspera

S13 Stancliffe

Tomalos

University, of London ..
8"3 Vegetable teratology

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Guttering at Stanclitfif gi-

Heliotropum incanum vjr. glabra 800

Nut weevil. , ,. . . . . ., ,, ,^ ..817

Pinus Jeffrey! ,- ., _, !! 814

Winter moih

8.7

SPECIAL NOTICE.

'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

for Saturday >uxt, JANUARY 3, 1SS5,
'uiill contain a beautifuUy COLOURED
ALMANAC (18 by i finches), from an original
design.

Price Sd.; Post-free, s^d.j or with Almanac
mounted on Oak Rollers, ready to be hung up,
and enclosed in Case, jd.; Post-free, SW.

Purchasers are specially recommended to
order the Almanac in a Case, to prevent injury
from folding.

The Publisher cannot be responsible for injury
to the Almanac unless it is so protected.
NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

As a large Extra iiale of this Number is
guaranteed, it will be a very valuable medium
J or Advertisements.

Applications for space should be sent in as
early as possible.

IV. RICHARDS,
Strand, VV.C.

41, Wellington Street,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
Soulh Kensington. S.W.
DAJES of Ihe PROMENADE PLANT and FLOWER

SHOWS 10 be held in the Conservatory during 1885 ;—
Tuesday, March 10 Promenade Show

.> •« 34 Promenade Show

„ April 14 Promenac e Show

»i It at National Auricula Society's Show

** It 38 Promenade Show

M May 12 Promenade Show

M .» »6 Show of Pot Roses. Aiak as &c

■■ June 9 Show of Orchids, &c.

fi „ 23 Show of Pelargoniums, &c

" July 7 National Rose Society's Show.

Roses
ft I. 14 Show of Plants and Flowers

.. •• 28 National Carnation and Picotee

Society's Show, and Show of
Begonias, &c.

Wednesday, "f"" " f Show of Plants and Flowers

*] uesday, September 8 J c. --t^.,- ^

Wednesday, ,. 9 f ^how of Dahlias, Grapes, S:c.

Tuesday, October 13 \

Wednesday, „ 14 J- Show of Fiuit and Vegeuhles

Thursday, ,, 15 3

T INCOLN CHRYSANTHEMUM

-L' SOCIETY.

The THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held b the
Com Exchange. Lincoln, on NOVEMBER 17 and 18 1885
A P list Prize of £10, Second of ils, and 1 bird of £2 for Forty-
eight Cut Blooms, open to all comers. For Schedules, aoDlv to

Dr. G. M. LOWE, Castle HUl. Lincoln ; or to Mr C W
PENNELL, Gowt's Bridge. Lincob, Hon. Sees.

ULLand EAST RIDING

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SECOND ANNUAL GRAND CHRYSANTHE-
MUM EXHIBITION wUl be held on THURSDAY lind
FRIDAY, November 19 and 20, 1885. Handsome Prizes will
be offered to attrart growers from a distance. Schedules are in
course of preparation, and may be had from

R. FALCONER JAMESON, ( „ „
WM. HAWKSWORTH, ( Hon- Sees.

Queen's Dock, HuU. '

J Trade Catalogue for 1886.
ACOB WRENCH and SONS' Trade
CATALOGUE of SEEDS has now been Posted to all
their Customers : in any cases where it has miscarried another
will be promptly sent, on receipt of intimation to that effect.
Post-free on application.
39. King William Street. London Bridge. E.C.

S„,,„ Expiration Of Lease.

EVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing
a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be olTered at a
nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed.

See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Cardoun-
t hroHuU^ December 20 and January 3.

(nHESTNUT~(Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash.

V.-' Burch, Alder, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout,
well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold.
GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst.

r> OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Fifty choice

v .P"pc"Jals sent on receipt of remittance for 211. : pur-
chaser s selection from 400 best varieties. List of names on ap-
plication. Twenty-fourchoice Standards, orHalf.standards, 2ti.

JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.

F Special Offer to the Trade.

REESIA REFRACTA ALBA.— t;o,ooo
(fifty thousand) extra strong flowering bulbs of thi above
offered for sale General LIST of Cape Bulbs now ready.

ROBT. TEMPLEMAN, Colonial Seedsman and Florist.
12, Castle Street, Cape Town, Cape of Gocd Hope.

Hyaclntbus candlcans.
"DUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers,

-■-' Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland,

offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 501. per 1000.

"DOSES.— The finest Show and Decorative

-Ll' varieties, strong, robust, hardily grown plants. Dwarfs,
from 6s. per dozen, 451. per too and upwards. Standards, from
121. per dozen, 901. per 100 and upwards. Many thousands to
select from.
JAMES DICKSON & SONS, '■ Newton " Nurseries, Chester.

AGE PLANTS, is. 6d per dozen. Order of

R. BATH, Crayfotd. Kent.

s

EFor Sade
ASPBERRY CANES, Red and Black
CURRANT TREES, and Victoria RHUBARB SETS.
Apply. R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford.

"DAS P B~ErR rTy crANME S^

-L IJ An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific
and Fastolf for disposal.

The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp-
berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes
most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting
Lowest cash terms on application to
R. BATH. Crayford, Kent

GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant-
ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST
on application.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond,
burrey.

G Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M,

•^ Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C.. REQUIRE
a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices,
also fine Black Grapes. Tomalos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers. &c,

Q QU E LCH AND B A R N H A M,

<J giving personal attention to all consignments, tney are
thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

QU E LC H Tsi B A R N H A M.

ACCOUNT SALES sent daUy, and
CHEQUES forwarded weekly.
BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES
BASKETS and LABELS supplied.

\yiSE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

' » begtoinformSendersthatGARDENIAS.EUCHARIS
and STEPHANOTIS are in demand. ^^rrnrvia,

V^ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C,

' » have now a demand for Tuberoses. Arum Lilies White
Bouvardias, good Roses. Chrysanthemums, &c.

ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C ,

are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To-

matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes.

WANTED, Ten Extra large CLIMBERS,

' » 10 cover the Pillars and furnish the Roof of a High
Conservatory, such as LAPAGERIA ALBA and ROSEA
ACACIAS, COB(E^S, &c. Particulars to '

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Limited, Highgale Nurseries,

London, N, '

"Y^rANTED, Three large, trained, Pine-apple

*y NECTARINES. State size and price to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. HoHK
Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.

"WTANTED, TURF, per 100,3 feet by i foot:

\ L^".9S,X'^US. PRIVET (OVALIFOLIUM only--^

W wiLl''F''-^«''\^^^"^.,'^'^'^'*'2'^ARPA. Send priceLo

W. \yiLLET-S Estate Offices, 6i, The Drive. Hove,

Sutbn ""'""'^ carraige and delivery free to West Brighton

Now Ready, In crown 8to, price 1b. : post-free, la. 3d,.
nPHE HORTICULTURAL DIRECTORY

-*- for 1S85. The " Horticultural Directory" is a complete
Register of the Addresses of all the most important Establish-
ments and Persons connected with Horticulture in the United
Kingdom and on the Continent.

7o"'->uil 0/ HarlicuUure Oificc, 171, Fleet Street. E.C.

STRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for

*~-J immediate workinc, 251. per tooo, £10 per 10 000.

A M C JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by
Zwolle, Holland.

"T ARCH.— 1,000,000 to offer. Cheap, lifted

-*— ^ last Spring. All strong, with good roots ; 3 to 4 feet, i6j -
4 to 5 fett, i8j.: s feet, 20s. per 1000. Apply

FRANCIS BELL, Nurseries. Easingwold.— Nov. 8. 1S84.

r:jREAT CLEARANCE SALE of BULBS,

V^ all in fine condition.— Greatly reduced prices. LIST
free on application to

BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

TcsL ROB6B

'T'HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL

. ^^ (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a erand
stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully
ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth
CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied.

??^°.?'?'U.'"^''^^"' Basket Makers, and Niusenrmen.
T5RADF0RD and SONS, Yeovil, Somerset,

;^I^c°oI•?,'?"' '"/^ ?,"' '"="'>' '°° ^""^ ^nd upwards of
uattK BtDi. and will quote prices to the Trade, according
to quantity requu-ed.

Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application.

"r)AHLIA TUBERS.— All the best varieties

J->' of the following sections :— Show. Fancy, and Pompons.
Singles^ also Cactus and Semi-Cactus varieties. Special offer
may be had upon application to

THOMAS S- WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.

"DIRCH, 4 to 5 feet, 50^. per 1000 ; ELM,

-•--» English. 4 to 6 leet, soi. per loco ; QUICK, strone syr.
old. transplanted, 3or. per icoo ; PINUS LARICIO i '^ to a
feet, IS*, per 1000 ; FIR, Scotch, about 2 feet, 251. per 10.0.
C. BUTLER. Nurseryman- &c.. Wellington, Salop.

T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound

-»-' Bulbs, 61., 91., 121., i8j., and 24J. per dozen; extra
strong, 301. and 421. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New ai.d Rare
Plants, S36, Kmgs Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

"(^LOIRE DE~NANCY^ CARNATION,

v.^ the best white Clove in cultivation, 6a!. per too. 6s. per
dozen. MRS. SINKINS, the best white Clove Pick, 30J per
100, 41. per dozen. OLD CRIuISON CLOVE, 30J. per ico,
4J. per dozen. All strong plants, established in pots.

POUNCE'S Nursery, Hendon, near London, N.W.

TTERBACEOUS andALPINE PLANTS^

r-h Now "s the season to plant and insure success. Write
for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make
your choice from his unrivalled Collection.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.

AJEW CHRYSANTHEM UMS.-Orders are

j- ' now being booked for the New Varieties of 18S4 at los per
doz. ; Cuttings, .883 Varieties. 41. per doz. ; best Old Varieties
II. ear per doz, my selection. Post-free for P.O. CATALOGUE
one stamp — R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead.

NTo the Trade.
UTTING AND SONS' Wholesale
CATALOGUE of Garden and Flower Seeds, containing
complete Lists of Novelties for 1885, has been posted 10 all their
friends : if not duly received, please inform them, and another
copy shall be sent.

Seed Warehouses, 106. Southwark Street, London, S K.

T ILIUM KRAMERI.— Good fl^erli^

, ?'!"'^ ,°^ ''"^ handsome and scarce Lily can now be
supolied by the dozen or hundred.

Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New aid Rare
Pl^, 536, King s Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

JS ToThe Traded

"ry^AITE, NASH, HUGGINS and CO.

» ' have Posted their General CATALOGUE to all their
Customers. If not received another Copy will be sent on appli-
cation. 79, Southwark Street, London, S.E.

TpOR SALE, 30,000 Struck Cuttings of GEN-

u ., '^,^'J.^' *' ''• "'' '°°' °' 3»- ^- for .10. Will be sent on
by ParceU Post on receipt of Post-office Order payable at Leyton
Green. Ph»nts, in s-inch pots, 361. per 100, ^s. per dozen
T. BALDWIN, Sen., Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leytoo

I Roses and Fruit Ttees!

RELAND AND THOMSON beg to an-
nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially
fineanti now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE
with pnces on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Goldtn Acre.
Granton Road. Edinburgh.

OOSEBERRY TREES liid SrteT^
Prolific RASPBERRV.-Strong 2 and 3-yr. old Lanca-
shire Lads amd Raspberry Canes for Sale.— Apply to

W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Isleworlb, W.

8o2

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 18

SALES BY AUCTION.

Tuesday Next.-(Sale No. 6805.)

5000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, December 30,
at half-past it o'clock precisely, an importation of 5000
LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan, in fine con*
dition; 5000 TUBEROSES from South Africa. 20:0 TIGRI-
DIA GRANDIFLORA, a quantity of LILIUM COLCHI-
CUM from the Caucasus, L. HUMBOLDTII, LILY of the
VALLEY, HELLEBORUS in line condition, English-grown
LILIES, 2000 GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS, DUTCH
BULBS, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 6806.)
ROSES, FRUIT TREES, BULBS. &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Decem-
ber 31. at half.past 12 o'clock precisely, first-cb.ss Standard
and Dwarf ROSES to name, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained
FRUIT TREES, of sorts, in great variety; Ornamental
CONIFERS, Border PLANTS, GLADIOLI, a few choice
LILIES, and a large assortment of First-class DUTCH
BULBS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tliursday Next.— (Sale No. 6807.)
AERIDES SANDERIANA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January r,
by order of Mr. F. Sander, a very grand importation of this
new and very magnificent AERIDES, a probably new CAT-
TLEYA, from Columbia; a small but fine lot of AERIDES
REICHENBACHIANA, very rare and fine ; ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ROSEUM, ONCIDIUM PHALA'.NOPSIS, a
very fine batch ol ODONTOGLOSSUM MINIATUM, and
a plant of a new and superb ODONTOGLOSSUM in the way
of CORONARIUM, of which a drawing will be shown ;
together with many other importations.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday, January 6.— (Sale No. 6810.)

LARGE LILY SALE,
looo LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM,
soo ENORMOUS LILIUM AURATUM.
Hundreds of the best Japanese LILIES, including coridion,
concolor, Hansoni, LeichtUni. &c., unusually large, and in
finest possible condition ; have been for the last two mouths
in England, and having been specially prepared for planting
are equal to home-grown bulbs. Also a small collection of
other rare LILIES, CYPRIPEDIUM JAPONICUM, a
few choice 2AMIAS, just received from the Cape, with
other rare Bulbs and Roots.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from the New Plant and Bulb Company to J- ELL
the above bs AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, January 5, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next —10,000 LUlum auratum.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, EC, on THURSDAY NEXT,
January i, 10.000 unusually fine bulbsof LILIUM AURATU1\I
from Japan, just received in splendid condition.

Thursday Next.— Lilies. Koses, and Bulbs.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January
I, 1885. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 10,000 unusually fine
and fresh Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, received direct from
Japan ; 32,0:0 splendid Bulbs of Double African TUBEROSES,
400 Standard and other ROSES of the best sorts, from an
English nursery ; a choice assortment of hardy English-grown
LILIES and BULBS in all the leading varieties, 2000 LILY
of the VALLEY, 503 Double Scarlet ANEMONE FUL-
GENS, and other ROOTS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next —32,000 Tuberoses.
IMPORTANT TO THE TRADE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on THURSDAY NEXT,
January r, 34 casks of Double African TUBEROSES, very fine
bulbs. One cask in a lot, each containing about 1000 bulbs.

Friday Next.
CATTLEYA MAXIMA, dark Peru variety.
ODONTOGLOSSUM RETUSUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, January 2, 1885. at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, the above, together with a very large con-
signment ol other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The Fallowfield Collection of Orchids.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on
TUESDAY, January 6. a further portion of the above valuable
collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Fuller particu-
lars will appear next week.

TO BE SOLD, a FREEHOLD FARM,
comprising House, Bam, Stables, and other Outbuild-
in|;s. aad 8 Closes, containing about 20 acres of good Land,
suitable for a Fancy Farm, Hunting Stables, Nursery Grounds,
or Building Sites for good Villas. Prettily situated on the south
side of Rugby, and about a mile from Rugby School, A bargain
for a practical Market Gardener. Apply to the owners,

Messrs. ABEL and SON, Alexandra House, Harrogate.

A Rare Opportunity for Nurserymen.

TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, owing to
the death of the owner, ELM GROVE NURSEKIES,
Newry, Ireland. These well known Nurseries are at present
well stocked, and fornearly fifty years the proprietors (Messrs,
M. Grant & Co.) carried 00 a splendid business.

For particulars apply to THOS. J. MARRON, Solicitor,
Newry, Co. Down.

To Market Gardeners and Nurserymen.

TO LET, with Possession, about 6i Acres
of LAND, with a House. StaMing. and Shed>, at King-
ston Vale, on the main road from Kingston to London, and
about 2 miles from Putney, For particulars apply to

Messrs. GLUTTON, g, Whitehall Place, S.W.

TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White Leap,
Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.

JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural
Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery
Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite.
Swan Place. Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1S54.

SpeciEil Cbeap Offer of

LARCH, 2 to 5 feet, a large quantity to be
sold to clear ground ; stout, w2lI-roO[ed, transplanted.
Favourable terms to the Trade.

GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst.

Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds.

HAND F. SHARPE have Posted their
• GENERAL TRADE LIST, and will feel obliged if
those houses who have not received it will inform them, so that
one may be forwarded.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire.

Choice Vegetable and Melon Seeds.

R GILBERT'S Productions are all stamped
• with the Hall.maik of Superiority commonly called
First-class Certiftcates, CHOU DE BURGHLEY, is. (,d. per
packet: UNIVERSAL SAVOY. 21. 6d. per packet; GIL-
BERT'S BURGHLEY PET MELON, which does not canker,
3. year old seeds, sr. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied on liberal
terms.— Apply to R. GILBERT, Hi;h Park Gardens, Stamford.
Stamps with order. Post-free.

OLLY BERRIES for SALE.

Price 6s. per bushel, for Cash,
Apply to GEO. WILSON, Limpsfield, Surrey.

H

RHUBARB, VICTORIA.— A large number
of good Roots to dispose of.
IRELAND AND THOMSON, 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.

Grape Vines -Grape Vines.
TRELAND and THOMSON have a large

-JL and thoroughly ripened stock of the above in Planting and
Fruiting Canes. CATALOGUES on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granlon Road, Edinburgh.

Notice.

CUT LILIES of the VALLEY and
MAIDENHAIR FERN.— I beg to inform my Customers
and the Trade generally that daily supplies of the above can
be sent from December 22. Particulars on appUcalioQ. A few
hundred ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM in 48 pots, at 6s.
per dozen, cash.

T. JANNOCH, The Lily Nursery, Dersingham. Norfolk.

TO PLANTERS OF FOREST
AND OTHER TREES.

Cranston's Nursery & Seed Co,

(LIMITED)

Have splendid stocks of transplanted and wtU-rooted

LARCH FIR .. .. I to i^eet.
,, ,, . . ,. i^ to 2 feet.

,, ,, . . . , 2 to 2^ feet.

,, ,1 .. ., 2^ to 3 feet.

,, ,, . . . . 3 to 3^ feet.

,, ,, . . . , 4 to 5 feet.

SCOTCH FIR .. .,2 t0 2Heet.
,, ,, .... si to 3 feet.

THORNS 2" to 2i feet.

,, .. .. 2^ to 3 feet.

&c., &c..
and u ill be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a
list of lequirenients.

Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.

CATALOGUES on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.

(LIMITED)

KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD

Lilium auratum, Cypripedium japonicum,
Lilium Szovitzianum, L. Hansoni,

And others from Japan, all in magnificent condition
L. MARTAGON ALBUM, very large ; North American
LILIES. CALOCHORTI in variety, CYPRIPEDIA to
hand, IRIS, NARCISSI. GLADIOLI, ORCHIDS, liULIiS
for Spring Planting. &c. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS,
Filmy FERNS, and others.

The NEW PLANT and BULR COMPANY, Colchester.

WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE.

We have now published our Wholesale CATALOGUE of
Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing, also, all the best
Novelties of the Season. It may be had on application. All our
Regular Customers should already have received a Copy by Post :
any not having done so will oblige by letting us know.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

EXETER STREET,

STRAND. W.C.

Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham, Middlesex,

STEPHEN BROWN, deceased.— Pursuant
to Sialuie 22 & 23 Victoria, caput 35, NOTICE IS
HEREBY GIVEN that all persons having any CLAIM
AGAINST THE ESTATE of STEPHEN BROWN, late of
Weston-super-Mare, in the county of Somerset, Seedsman,
Nurseryman, and Florist, who died on the asth day of Novem-
ber, 1884, and whose Will was proved on the lOih day of Decem-
ber, 18S4, in the Distiict Registry attached to the Prubate
Division of Her Majesty's High Court of Justice at Wells, by
Henry Brown, oue of the Executors named in the said Will, are
requested to SEND IN WRITING ihe PARTICULARS of
THEIR CLAIMS to the undersigned on or before the 31 si day
of JANUARY, i£85, after which date the said Executor will
distribute the assets of the said deceased, having regard only to
the Claims of which he shall have had notice.

WM. SMITH, Weston-super-Mare,

Solicitor to the Executor.
Dated this iSih day of December, 1854.

Forest Trees.

IRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex-
tensive and healthy stock of SecdlinR and Transplanted
Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Elm. Austrian Pine,
from 6 in. to 2 j^ ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Spruce,
Laricio. Beech, Thorns, Maple, Oak. Poplar?, Thorn Quick,
Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. Special ofTcrs on application.

Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre,
Granton Road, Edmburgh.

To the Trade Only.

FERNS — FERNS — FERNS.
Adiantura cuneatum, A. trapeziforme, A. gracillimum,
Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata. Pieris serrulata
cristata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6^5, 205. per ico.

Adiantum cuneatum, A. gracillimum, A trapeziformc, in 4 and
4K inch pots, 40J. to 501. per 100, accoiding to size ; AdianluTu
Pacotti, in 6o's, 305. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4M inch pots, 501.
per roo.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qo\i^
Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool. ____^

A R R I S O N AND SONS,

Royal Nurseries, Leicester, have to offer : —
10.000 Strong GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Warringtons.

6,000 IVIES, mostly Irish.

7, coo POPLARS, 6 to i2feet.

1,000 Standard Horse CHESTNUTS, fire
20,000 Bushy Evergreen PRIVET. 2 to 3 feet.

3,000 AMERICAN ARBOR-VIT/E.

2,coo Common LAURELS, 3 to 4 fett. extra.

1,000 Paul's Crimson THORNS, standards.

1,000 Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLUMS.

1,000 Standard PEARS.
All well grown. Special quotations and samples free.

ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, 17.?. per
1000; 3 to 4 feet, los. per looo. ELMS, \% to 2 Itel,
141. per loco ; 2 to 3 feet, 17J. per iodo ; English, 3 fett, 35J.
per 1000. CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet, 23J. per 1000 ; 15
to 20 inches. i6i. per icoo. LARCH, 14 to 24 inches, 12J. td. per
1000 ; 2 to 2j^ feet, \6s. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per 1000 ; 4
to 5 feet. 24J. per 1000. SPRUCE FIR, i to \% foot, 12J per
io;o ; \\i to 2 feet. 131. per looa ; 2 lo 2J2 feet, bushy. 165. per
1000. SCOTCH FIK, i-yr, 2 yr. transplanted, i2j. per loco ;
2 to lYz and 3 feet, i?J. per loto. SILVER KIR, 4-j'r. trans-
planted", lis. per icoo. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet. 20J. per looo.
OAKS, 18 to 20 icches. i6j. per 1000; 2 feet. aoi. per loco.
PRIVET, Evercreen, 2 feet, 15^. per 1000; i to \% foot. 12s.
per 1000 ; OVALI FOLIUM. 2 to lYz feet, 30J. per iood : Ov<il,
I foot, 20J. per loGo. SYCAMORE. \% to z feet, 14'-. per loco.
THORNS, iK to 2 feet. 12J. 6d. per 1000 ; 2 to 2J4 feet, \ts.
per icoo; 3 to 334 feet. iSi. per lo-o.

CATALOGUES on application to
GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, N. B.

PAUL AND SON, The "Old' Nurseries,
Cheshunt. hold very fine stocks of the undermentioned :
STANDARD TEA ROSES, best kinds.
STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, vigorous

kinds..
DWARF TEA ROSES, on Brier only.
STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, very large plants.
STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, in pots, 8 to 9 feet high.
STRONG DWARF ROSES for Hedges.
STRONG DWARF ROSES for Beds.
POT ROSES, of all sorts and sizes
STRONG STANDARD APPLES, 5 to 6 feet stems.
STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine heads.
STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including Victorias.
EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPLES and

PEARS.
EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLUMS and

CHFRRIES.
STRAWBERRIES, in brge and small pots.
GOOSEBERRIES, fine, on i foot stems.
CURRANTS, particularly fine Red and While.
CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PLANTS.
HOLLIES, Gieen and Variegated, 10 acres at High Beach.
CATALOGUES post-free.

QEAKALE and ASPA R A G U S.

O Crowns for Forcing. Apply to

WILLIAM BAGLEY. MiUshot Farm. Fulham. S.W.

~ Grape Vines.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have this season a grand
stock o( Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting
inVineiies. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade
supplied.

The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston. Liverpool.

PECIAL OFFER.— Extra fine Dwarf-

trained APRICOTS, fruiting trees. 5 to 6 feet high, and
4 lo 5 feet wide, will remove with good fibrous roots, 5J., Ts. Cni.
to lof. 6d. each. Extra fine Dwarf-trained Royal George
PEACH, fruiting; trees. 5J. to 7^. 6d. each. Elcombe's Im-
proved PARSNIP: this very popular variety was ?cnl out by us
some years since and has proved a great success (see Cardcnir^
Chronkk for Nov, ?9, 1884, p. 694). We ofTer TrueStock Seed .
from selected roots : trade Price on application. I

ELCOMBE AND SON, Nuiserymen and Seed MerchaDtS,|
Romsey, Hants. _^^_

Grape Vines and Fanstes.

JOHN DOWNIE begs to intimate that he
has now for Sale very strong Planting and Fruiting Canes,
at from 55. to isj. each : also Show and F.incy P.iiisies. froni
one of the finest collections in cultivation, at 41., 6f., gr.. and
12;. per dozen. ^ „ .. ,

144, Pnnces Street. Edinburgh.

Decemuer 27, 1SS4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

803

B. 8. WILLIAMS'

SEED
NOVELTIES

For 1885— Post-free.

The following three NOVELTIES are now
oJ)credfor the first time : —

SALVIA, BLUE BEARD (New).

A very handsome hardy Annual, srowiog about 18 inches
high, of free branching habit, with squaie stems and Sage-Iikc
leaves. The spikes are furnished at the apex with a number
of brilliant deep nr.auve- purple bracts, which give 10 the plant a
most unique appearance. The (lowers are produced in a series
of whorLs, are small, labiate shaped, of a bright purplish colour,
with lower lip white. Suitable for large beds and borders, in
which it has a very effective appearance. Sow in February.
Sold only in sealed packets bearing my trade mark.

Per packet, Is. 6d.

TOMATO, WILLIAMS' GOLDEN
QUEEN (New).

A very Urge, hanclsome fruit, of a lich deep golden-yellow
colour, slightly ribbed, with smooth skin. This is without
exception the finest and richest coloured of all the yellow
section, producing fr.iit as large as the red varieties. It is very
prolific, and for culinaty purposes is equal to any of the red
forms. I have every confidence in recommending this beautiful
and useful variety, and feel convinced that it will become a
popular favourite.

Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horlicullural
Society. Sold only in sealed packets bearing my trade mark.

Per packet, 2s. 6d.

TOMATO, WILLIAMS' RED KING
(New).

A very free cropper, fruit large and slightly sutured, smooth
and even outline, rich crimson colour, flesh solid and of excellent
flavour. Strongly recommended as a most valuable and service-
able variety. Sold only in sealed packets bearing my trade mark.

Per packet. 2s. 6d.

Per Packet.— J. d.

BEGONIA hybrida, finest mixed ... i 6
CHRYSANTHEMUM frutescens,

Etoiled'Or 10

CHRYSANTHEMUM frutescens,

grandiflorum (New) I O

CHRYSANTHEMUM segetum grandi-

florum I O

CYCLAMEN giganteum roseum (New)

3f. 6d. and 5 ^

CYCLAMEN persicum, Crimson King

(New) 3J. 6rf. and 5 O

COCKSCOMB, Williams' Prize ... 2 6

DAHLIA, Single, choice mixed ... i o
DIANTHUS chinensis Heddewigii

Brilliant (New) I 6

GLOXINIA gesnerioides (New) ... 2 6

LUCULIA gratissima 2 6

PRIMULA sinensis fimbriata, Rose

Queen (New) 5 O

PYRETHRUM aureum selaginoides ... i 6

BROCCOLI, Williams' Alexandra ... i o

CELERY, Williams' Matchless Red ... i o

CELERY, Williams' Matchless White... i o

MELON, Basing Park Hybrid (New) ... 2 6

TOMATO, Williams' Ne Plus Ultra(New) i 6

ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE
for 1885 is now ready and will be forwarded,
t^atis and post free, on application.

Notice of Removal.

NUTTING AND SONS beg to give notice
that owing to the expiration of the lease ot 60, Baibican,
they have removed to more extensive premises.

io6, SOUTHWAKK STREET, S.E ,
where all communic.ilions should be addressed.
NUTTING AND SONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
London, S E.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420
varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest
and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's
selection, aj. 6ii, per doien, i6j. per loo ; cuttings, is. td. per
dozen. loj. per loo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new
English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with
Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited.

W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe,
Kent.

To the Trade.
SEED POTATOS

HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced
• LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can
be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva-
tion, and the prices are very reasonable.

Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.

Aquatics.

JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the
• finest Collection of above in the country, and can supply
Haidy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo showy varieties,
from SOS. ^^^ CATALOGUE now ready.

Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W.

SPECIAL OFFER.

ROSES, Standard, Half-Standard, Gloire de DlJon

(dwarfs). General Jacqueminot dwarfs).
LARCH, I to 5 feet.
SPANISH, s to 6 feet.
ALDER, 2 to 4 feet.
HAZEL, 2 to 4 feet.
FIR, Scotch, I foot.
MANETTI STOCKS.
WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS.
Prices on application.
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries. Chertsey.

NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,

France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS.
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, via Honfleur, about 2S. fjj. per too lb.
Kledal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.

Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
93, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G.

Forcing Asparagus.

RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above
• by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans-
planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also
beg to call theattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to
their exceptionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.

The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W.

Orchids.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
CO. (Jol^" Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand
stock of DENDROBIUMS, in variety, and other Easi Indian
ORCHIDS, also CATTLEYAS and othervaluable ORCHIDS
from South America, and they are constantly receiving fresh
importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application.
The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston,
Liverpool.

LOVELY LILIES and IRIS.— Wm. Gordon
has still the finest collection of these. Buy of the
Importer. The three lovely Lilies, Lilium album Kraetzeri,
Lilium Melpomene, Lilium Brownii, for 5^. 6i., six for 91.,
post-free. Over thirty vaiieties of Japanese Iris, all hybrids, in
all hues and beautifully marked, perfectly hardy ; the admira-
tion last season of all who saw them. Six varieties for cjj.,
twelve for 15J. , the thirty varieties for 30J. Lilium Humboldiii,
each iJ., is. €>d., sj. td. Lilium auraium — these surprise all
my customers — specially imported bulbs. 61^.. gd., 15., and is. 6d.
each Special terms to the Trade.— WM. GORDON. Nur-
series, Twickenham, Middlesex. See previous Advertisements.

P E C I A L CHEAP O F F E R.—

ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINE,
MAPLE, OAK (EnglUh), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET
Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to
4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN
QUICK, 3, 4, and s feet ; YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA-
MORES, 3 to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, I'A to 2
feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER,
Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety,
from I to Q feet ; splendid stufT, all recently transplanted,
IVIES in variety. LAURELS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS,
3 to 5 feet : RETINOSPORAS, in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English
YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuCf ; AZALEA PONTICA, i to 3
feet ; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting,
from I inch to 3 feet ; several hundred thousand choice
named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning-
ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA.
&c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES.
For price and particulars apply to
ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton,
Stoke-on-Trent.

ABIES DOUGLASII, li to 2 feet, i^s. per
loo ; 2 to 2j^ feet, 33i. per too ; 3 to 4 feet, 60J. per
too; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU-
CARIAIMBRICATA, 18 to 20 inches, 24s. per dozen : 2 to a^
(eet, 42J. per dozen: 3 feet, extra, 6ni. per dozen; each size by the
thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4 to 5 feet, 30J. per dozen.
CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 to 2!^ feet. 60s. per 100.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, ,\i to 3 feet, 601. per too ; C.
GRACILIS, distinct, 1% foot, 12s. per dozen ; C. STRICTA,

2 to 2% feet, the finest upright, 12J. per dozen ; C. FUNE-
BRIS, scarce, iji foot, 151. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS,

3 to 4 feet, 60J. per dozen; P. NORDMANNIANA, t foot, fine,
5CJ. per 100 ; i^ to 2 feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 841.
per dozen : P. LASIOCARPA, 4 to 4^^ feet, 70s. per dozen ;
P. WEBBIANA, 3 to 3;< feet, true, 84J. per dozen. PINUS
EXCELSA, 2 feet, is. per dozen ; P. INSIGNIS, i foot. 30s.
per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, l6s. per 100. THUIA LOBBII, loto 15
inches 1 special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. extra, Cos. per dozen. RHO-
DODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in
thousands.

GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON'S

New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884,

0/ the finest Bulbs^ Roses, Fruit Trees,
Herbaceous Plants, Stove a7td CreeJihouse
Plants, Trees, ami Shrubs.

BULBS for INDOORS.

HYACINTHS, choice quality, ts, per dozen.

TULIPS, the best for forcing, is. and is, 6d. per dozen, 71. to
loj. per 100.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, is. 6d. per dozen.

SPIR^AS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS. LILY of the
VALLEY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great
variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE.

PLANTS for INDOORS.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this

season, Qi. aud 12s. per dozen.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6s. per dozen.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE

CARNATIONS, 12s. and iSs. per dozen.
ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Indian, Ghent, or Mollis),

ROSES, in pots, (or forcing, iSs. and 341. per dozen.
SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small

quantities, at most moderate prices.
CALCEOLARIAS, HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly

spotted, large flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, lor. per 100,

from stores. In small pots, 3J. per dozen, 20; . per 100.

BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.

HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, ss. 6d. per dozen,

16s. per 100.
TULIPS, double or single, 9^/. and u. per dozen, 51. and 6 j.

per 100.
CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is, 6d. to 2s. 6d. per 100.
NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as per

CATALOGUE.
„ ordinary varieties, 31. 6d. to 5^. p;;r 100.
WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS.

CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACIA,

POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of

colours; ARABIS ALFINA, AUBRIEl'IAS. ALYS-

SUM SAXATILE, in latge good plants, i^. perdozen,

7s. per 100 ; or in small plants Oiawn from seed-bed^,

IS. per 100,
DAISIES, red, white or rose, gJ. per dozen, 41. per ico.
HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 3s. 6d. per dozen.
COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS

for 3$s.
CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding,

41. and 6s, per dozen, 30J. to 501. per 100.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant.

12 fine distinct kinds, js. ; 50, 12s. 6d. ; loa, 30J.
PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kiml.^, i-year

old, 35. 6d, per dozen ; z-year old, 65. per dozen.
POTENTILLAS and PYRETHRUMS, 55- per dozen.
DELPHINIUMS and PEONIES. 8s. per dozen.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen.

,, Crimson CLOVE, 3^. per dozen.
LILIES, in fine variety, 3J. and 6s. per dozen.

ROSES-ROSES— ROSES- our selection of

HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6^. ; or 45s. per 100.

TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to i8i. per dozen.

MOSS ROSES, 7s. 6d. per dozen.

CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen.

For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ-
ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c., see CATALOGUE.

FRUIT TREES - FRUIT TREES.

In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls,

&c., good trees, 15J., i8s. and 24s. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40s. and 50s. per 100 ; good fruiting trees,

75J. and loos. per 100 ; Maidens, 30J. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 40J., 505,, and 751. per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 15^ , i8j.,

and 24s. per dozen.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8^., lor. and

i2s. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners, ^s. per

100; in small pots, 12.1. 6i/. per ICO ; in pots for forcing,

25^. per ICO ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12J. 6d.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 12s. and 15s. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15^. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 505. and 75J. per 100.
SPIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, 10s., 15s. and 20s.

per 100.
AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots. &c., 6 to 9 inches,

16s. per ICO J 9 to 12 inches, 20s. per 100.
THORN QUICKS, 15s. to 301. per 1000, extra well rooted.
OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4^. lo 12s. per 100.
FOREST TREES, in great variety, 501. to icos. per 100,
CLIMBING PLANTS.many kinds, 6i.,9r. aud i2X. per doz.
AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6^. and 9^.

per dozen.

WM. CLIBRAN & SON,

Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.

EIGHT MILES FROM MANCHESTER,

8o4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 1S84,

THE ROYAL
NORFOLK

ESTABLISHMENT.

NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885.

Tbe Earliest and Best in Cultivation.

DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON

SHOULD BE SOWN NOW.
From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge.
" I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March ay, and
gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All
March 15, arid did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has
proved what its name implies for earliness, productiveness, and
flavour."

From Mr, T. Notlev, The Garden?, Stoke Hall,
btoke Holy Cros*.
" The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one.
I planted it at the same time and by the side of Day's Early
Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier,
the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized
Peas in each."

Height 2 feet, and very prolific.

Price, 3J. dd. per quart, ax. per pint, \s. yi. per half-pint.

Free by Parcels Post to any address.

DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA.

The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation.
He-ght 1% \Q 1 feet. Splendid cropper and qu^tlity.

Should be sown now.

Price, 3J. td. per quart, is, per pint, \s. yi. per half-pint.

Free per Parcels Post to any address.

rfJ^Cf

Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.
NORWICH.

i^UTBUSH'S MILL-

\J TRACK MUSHROOM
SPAWN.— Too well known to require
description. Price 6s. per bushel
[is. extra per bushel for package), or
6d. per cake; free by Parcels Post, is.
None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
/ WM. CUTBUSH AND SON
;^ (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed
' Merchants. Higbgate Nurseries, N.

MARTIN'S

PRESIDENT CAULIFLOWER

A very early and distinct variety, which has been
grown in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the past six
years, where ii is held in great reputation.

It comes into use in May, and continues until the late
summer varieties are ready for cutting. The heads are
medium sized, beautifully close and while, and well
protected by the foliage, which enables it to stand the dry
hot weather, such as we experienced last summer.

The plant is dwarf and very compact, and can be
planted three or four inches closer than any other
variety.

Retail Price, la. 6d. per packet.

Mr. R. GiLHERT, Gardener to tJte Most Noble the Marquis
of Exeter, writes as follows : —
"Mr, Martin, Sir. — Your 'President' Cauliflower sent me
for trial has turned o\i\. the very best 0/ all I have grown this season:
four heads in my first collection of vegetables at the Stamford
Show were ihe admiration o' all, and very f^ir above any in the
show." Signed, R. Gilbert, Burghley, SeJ>iernber ^, 1884.

And then, to publish its merits to the gardening
world, Mr. GILBERT writes to The Garden^
ijeptember 20, 18S4 :—

" Martin's President Cauliklower." — "After giving
this sort a good trial, I am now enabled to give my opinion re-
specting its merits. Amongst the varieties I am growing are
Be« of All, Snowball, Early Erfurt, Veitch's Giant, Walcheren,
and the one in question. On September 2, I wanted a di^h of
Cauliflowers for a collection of vegetable;:. I hnve a large
quarter of Cauliflowers p'anted. and I carefully searched fur the
I est. this I found in Martin's President, which, to take into con-
sideration the dry weather, was certainly an admirable produc-
tion, being close and well protected by the foliage and perlectly
white ; m (act I look upon this Cauliflower in such seasons as
wehavejust gone through, as a gardener's friend."— R.Gilbert,
Burghley.

Many other Testimonials could be published, but the
above will suffice to prove the superiority of my "Presi-
dent " Cauliflower over other varieties.

Trade Price on application to

WILLIAM E. MARTIN,

ESTABLISHED SEED
WAREHOUSE,

AND BULB

JOHN LAING & CO.

Of unequalled quality.
Free by Parcels Post or by Rail.
COLLECTIONS to suit all purchasers ol
HYACINTHS, TULIPS. NARCISSUS, CRO-
CUS, &c , 10/6. 15/-, 2i/~, 25/-, 30/-. and 4'/-.
Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c,, ready.
Bulb Merchants, Forest Hill, S.E.

61, MARKET PLACE, HULL.

SPECIAL OFFER

OK

ORNAMENIAX TREE 3 and SHRUBS,

ROSES and FRUIT TREES of aU kinds,

FOREST TREES, &c.,

All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices
(free on application).

WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK,

Gnldworth "Old" Nursery,
WOKING, SURREY.

SPECIAL CULTURE 01'

FRUIT TREES and ROSES.

A large and select stock is now offered for sale.

The Illustrated and Descriptive CATALOGUE of FR Ul TS

poit'/ree.

The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

Kent: The Garden of England.

JOV

m. ii'y * It

OF ALL KINDS. WRITE TO

WA

Geo lice buryhrdg?©

THE OLD NURSERIES;

vim CULTIVATE 700 KINDS.

IlliLstmtcd List . List of Nanus.
3 Stamps.A K GraUfi.

Registered.)

300»000 Trees to select from.

Lalng's

Begonia

Seed.

JOHN LAING & CO.

GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants.

New crop now harvested. Sealed packets.
CHOfCE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and
2/6 per pacltet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double
varieties, 2/6 ana 5/- per packet.
COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7I6
„ 6 named varieties, separate, 4/-

Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

Specialities for 1885.
Illustrated Seed Catalogue

And Amateur's Guide.

Post-free 6d. Sent free to all Custoiiurs.

E. J. J ARM AN,

The People's Seedsman,
CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

_ FORTY ,

Opna-

ACRES, 1

mental

EES

JPHEAL&qONS

^•W Crawley , W Sussex.

FRUIT

Forest

Priced Catalogues. PosiFpeo.

Lalng's
Rose
Trees.

JOHN LAING & CO.

Roses for Removal in

November. Per doz.

Standards, choicest and be.^t sorts .. i8f. and us.
Half- Standards ,, ,, „ .. 15J. ,, i8i.

Dwarfs ,, ., >. ■• 9^- t, 12s.

Our selection of above Perpeluals.

Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality.

Rose Growers. Forest Hill, S.E.

EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
offer their choice strain of the above luiermediate Stocks
in five colours — Scarlet, Purple, White. Crimson, and Snow-
white, wall-leaved, in packets, is , 3s. 6d, and 5J. each colour
Price to the Trade on application.

T5, Princes Street. Edinburgh.

ROSES A SPECIALITY.

STANDARDS and HALF - STANDARDS,

best sorts, i8j. per dozen, 120s. per loc.

DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES,

gs. per dozen, 60J. per 100.
The following letter, selected from many hundreds of simitar
ones, is, I trust, a sufficient proof that the plants are of ttic be^t
quality : —

" Hill Side. 203, Richmond Road, Putney, Nov. 26. 1884
" Sir, — I am much pleased with the fine healthy plants you
have sent me. Both the Dwarfs and Standards are s.jecim'in';
of skilful cultivation. They are parti;ularly well rooted, and
are in every respect all that a Rose-grower can desire.— I am,
yours faithfully, " B G Colemv.

"To Mr. Frank Cant, Rose-grower, Colchester."
A descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free on applicati' n to

FRANK CANT,

"The" Rose-Grower, The Mile End Nu'series, Colchester.

FERNS A SPECIALITY.

Hundreds of Thousands of

FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS,

for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries,

ABRIDGED CATALOGUE

of over raoo Species and Varieties free on application.
LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 19.), containing 75 lUu-tra-
tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Ftra
CuItiU'e," and other useful and iiitetesticg information.

W. «& J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.

ANTHONY WATERER

Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—

HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to\

,, laurifolia, ditto. [to feet high. |

,, Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.

., myrtifolia, ditto. V many thouiands

„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.

,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. I

,, Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4. 5,6. 8 to 10 U./

„ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumference.

„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o(
beautiful specimens.

,1 Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fitteen years' growih. hundreds.

„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX . Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many thousa. ds.
YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, lhous.iiid>.

,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We liave mar y
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standarda, in p.iiil
of variety and size unt-quallcd.

,, Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreus. Iih us:ii.ds.

CUPRhSSUS ERECl'A VlRlDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 to 8 fen,

,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, liU'idrcds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3. 4. and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5. 6, 7, 8. to

10 feet. The plants are covcrfd with buds.
AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4. and

5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chmese, 7. 8. and 10 feet high.

., Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 (eet.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet.
ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 lect. hundreds.

„ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feei, ih .u-ands.

,, .. GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds.

„ ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.

,. HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet.

„ PARRYANA GLAUCA. x% to 2 feet, himdredi.
PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 -eei, hundreds.

„ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet.

„ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds.

„ MAGNIFICA. 2 to 3 feet, huid.eds.

,, NOBILIS. iK 103 leei, thousai ds.

,, NORDMANNIANA. 6. 7. to 10 feet.

,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds.

„ PUNGENS, ijt to 2 feet, thousands.
PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet
CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds.

,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon) 3 to 5 feel.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LU TEA. 3 to 6 feet, huodrtd .
THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 10 5 feei. hundreds.
RETINOSPORAOBTUSA AOREA, 3 lo 6 leel. hundreds.

,, PISIFERA AUREA(true), 3 to6feet.

„ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet.

Knap HUl Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey
THE NEW RASPBERRY

LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling).

The finest Raspberry and be-^t cropver rvci known. First-
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. i88 1 Stioug
Canes, 151. per dozen, ^i 51. per too ; 4 feet Fruiiing Canes,
91. per dozen, £,Z P" "^- UsidI allowance to the 'J rade.
A. FAULK MOB.
INKPEN, HUNGKRFORD.

PAMPAS PLUMES.

We have jusl received a very large consignment of the
above, the finest ever imported, and we are in a position
to offer them at very low prices. IMces on application.

J. SL&TMAKER,
CENTRE AVENUE.COVENT GARDEN MARKET. W.C

December 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

?o5

RICHARD SMITH & CO., Worcester.

(ESTABLISHED 1S04.)

Rill R^ Lovely Flowers in Winier and Spring for a trifle.
DULDO Ready in Autumn.

ROSES (20 acres) ""^T-ptfi':'""-

STANUAKDb. ijj. per dozen, loji. per ico.
Packing and Carriage tree (or Cash with Order.

r nUI I O (/4 aCreS) andkbd"otuee°atlow'^ri°e™

SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) l%''iVri

ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'v-'fro^R^?:

FORCING, &c., 15^. 10365. per dozen.

ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants,

4J. per dozen, 251. per loo (R. S. & Co.'s Selection).

STRAWBERRIES LVcrN?Vl^;;aVAV.?o:

VINFQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES,
V 1 1 1 [-0 3s. bd. to loj. M. each.

PI FMATIQ WHITEtoDARKPURPLE, SINGLE
U|_L.ITI rl I 10 and DOUBLE, ui. to j<i. per dozen.

Three Acres of Glass for Slove and Greenhouse Plants.
FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE.

VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.

DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, ctinlaining an immense amount of useful
information, free on application.

GENUINE^^ii^S EJE D S.
J

AMES Veitch & Sons

DEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR

CATALOGUE of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS for 1885,

Cortaining Lists of Choice Vegetable and Floral Novelties, Horticultural
Implements, and other Garden Requisites,

Has }ww beeii Posted to all their Custotners. Any one not having- received the same, a
dupltcite Copy ■will immediately be fonvarded Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON. S,W.

select garden seeds

Ireland & Thomson

BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR

CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS,

FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI,
Garden Implements, Insecticides, &c.,

Is 7tow Ready, and may be had Free on Application.

SEED WAREHOUSE. 30, WATERLOO PLACE,
EDINBURGH.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

OF

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.

Price 3d., Post Free 3|d.

W. RICHARDS. 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

NEW PEA.

DUKE OF ALBANY (Abbott).

''NEW PEA, DUKE of
ALBANY (Abbott), sent out by
Messrs. Hurst & Son. It is a
wrinkled Pea, bearing a profusion
of extra large well filled pods of a
most beautiful dark green colour,
borne tn pairs for the most part con-
taining from nine to twelve very
large Peas in a pod, of most excep-
tional quality. It is a moderately
strong grower, from 5 to b feet high,
and branching habit. I ptirchased a
sealed half-pi7it packet of this variety
in March, divided it into three parts,
giving two parts to two friends, and
sowed the one part I retained in a
row about 20 feet long, in the begin-
ning of April. From this row I
obtained prizes on August 12, 21,
and September 6, and succession pro-
duce was gathet^ed up to the middle
of October. My friends were equally
successful with their portion of the
half pint. I look upon this variety
as the very best of modern introduc-
tions, and, as an exhibition Pea,
entirely unrivalled. I have not seen
a dish of it exhibited at any of the
shows that I have visited this year
that tt has not taken honours" —
Extract from The G.vrdening
World, Dec. 20, 1884.

Price, 2s. per Packet.

To be obtained of all the principal

Seedsmen throughout the

Kingdom,

AND WHOLESALE FROM

HURST & SON,

152, Houndsditch, Londcn, E,

8o6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 1S84,

WEBBS'

* ' UNIQUE

Novelties

JHE gECRET OF gUCCESS.

The unprecedented success of Messrs. WEBBS' Intro-
ductions in Vegetables and Flowers is no doubt owing, in a
great measure, to the fact that, before being offered to the
Public, they are invariably subjected to a series of crucial
trials, with other first-class varieties, at their Kinver Seed
Farms,— which are the largest in the Kingdom. By this
means inferior varieties are discarded, and only those kinds
that are of distinctive merit become associated with Messrs.
Webbs' name.

PEA— Webbs' New Wordsley Wonder.

The unparalleled qualities of this new Pea are verified
by the numerous testimonials we have received in
its favour from the principal authorities. 2J. 6rf.
per pint, post-free.

PEA— Webbs' New Stourbridge Marrow.

A grand new second early Pea, suitable for exhibi-
tion or general purposes, is. td. per pint, post-free.

BROAD BEAN— Webb's Kinver Mammoth

LongpOd. Exceedingly early, an enormous crop-
per, and of excellent quality, is. per pint, post-free.

BRUSSELS SPRO^UTS-Webbs' Match-

less. Early and robust, producing a profusion of
compact sprouts, which are tender and of superior
flavour. 6d. and is. per packet, post-free.

BROCCOLI-Webbs' New Autumn White

A new and distinct kind, of dwarf habit ; very
hardy, is per packet, po-Jt-free.

CABBAGE— Webbs' Emperor.

A rapid grower, very hardy and early, with close
compact heads. &d. and is. per packet, post-free.

CAULIFLOWER-Webbs' Early Mam-

motll. A very compact variety, of exceptional
merit, with large, firm, snowy-white heads, is. dd,
per packet, post-free.

CUCUMBER-Webbs' Perpetual Bearer.

Very free bearing ; fruit uniformly handsome in
shape and of large size. is. dd. per pkt., post-free.

LEEK-Webbs' New Colossal.

A distinct an ' choice variety, of rapid growth and
large size. ir. per packet, post-free.

LETTUCE-Webbs' New Wordsley Gem,

A new extra early Cos variety, of grand flavour, is.
per packet, post-free.

MELON-Webbs' Pride of Stourbridge.

A scarlet-fleshed variety, of handsome shape and
splendid quality, specially suitable for exhibition.
7.S. 6d. per packet.

ONION— Webbs' Improved Banbury.

A most handsome kind, of mild flavour; good keeper.
6d. per packet, post-free.

TOMATO-Webbs' Early Dwarf Red.

Very prolific, of large size, excellent in shape and
quality, zs. per packet, post-free.

S P EC I A L. — Our exceptional position
as the largest Seed Growers in the Kingdom
enables us to offer Seeds of the purest stocks
some ia per cent, lower than other I'lrst-
class Houses.

^WEBBS' m

SPEI1J& CATALOGUE

Post-free Is. Gratis to Customers.

WEBB & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

GARDENERS' ROYAL

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

AUGMENTATION OF PENSION FUND,

The object of which is to Increase the Amount of the Pensions.

Donations received by Dr. MASTERS, «;/«r W. RICHARDS, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., up to December 16— £133 8s.

The above sum, £133 8s., has been handed over to the Secretary of

the Institution.

The following Donations have been received since December 16 : —

List published last week . . .. ..;£j3 i6

J.DOUGL.AS DICK, Royal Horticultural Society ^i i

Air. H. THORNE. Gunnersbury 05

Mr. J. BROWNING, The Gardens, Dupplin Castle,

Perth 10

Mr. D. T. FISH, Hardwicke 11

Mr. I. SMITH, Mentmore Garden 11

Mr. G. SMITH, Foreman „ 05

Mr. F. BETTS. „ , 05

BOTHY MEN o 10

Mr. S. CASTLE, The Vineyard, -West Lynn, King's

Lynn . . . . . . . . ■ • • • ..11

T. H. M 05

G. SILCOCK. Somerford Park Gardens, Conglclon o 5
BOTHY MEN at Belvoir Castle Gardens, fcr H.

BARNES o 10

Per Mr. GEORGE, Dealer in Tobacco Paper, jo,

Victoria Road, Putney : —
Misses NICHOLSON, Putney Heath
JAMES GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney
Mr. STEVENS, St. John's Nursery, Putney
Messrs. BLACKBURN, Wormwood Street, EC ..
Mr. ICETON, Granard Nursery, Putney

Mr. KING, Putney Heath

Mr. TAYLOR. Putney Park Lane

Mr. SULLIVAN, Roehampton

Mr. H. GUMT.^N, Putney

Mr. P. KYAW, Park Villas, Putney

Mr. H. COLEMAN, Gwalior Road, Putney ..
Mr. MITCHELL. CoIleEe Street. Putney ..
R. AND J. ME.\SON, Putney Park Lane ..

Per T. BEDDARD, The Gardens, Stoneleigh
Abbey, Kenilworth : —

H. DONNE. Esq , Leek Wooton

W. AND C. SLINGSBV, Coventry

Mr. S VALE, Builder, Coventry

Mr. F. MANDER, Coventry

GRIFFITH AND AVISS, Coventry

Mr. S. CORBETT. Coventry

Mr. COLLINGBOURNE, Coventry

Mr. ASTLEY, Coventry

Mr. BALLARD, Leamington

T. BEDDARD

VV. ADAMS, Foreman

i-.^rET}voungMen{ " ;; ;; ;:

O 10

o 10
o 10
o 10

Per Mr. OSBORNE, East Sheen Lodge Gardens :—
The EARL of FIFE. K.T., East Sheen Lodge
H. FARQUHAR, Esq, 4i Berkley Street ..
S, OSBORNi;, East Shetn Ledge Gardens ..

T. FRENCH „ ,,

JAMES HUNT „
HENRY SEYMOUR
JOHN MINARD „

JOHN CURTIS ,. ,.

GEORGE WARMAN „

GEORGE MAYO „

T. EASTON. Mortlake

ALBERT TAYLOR, East Sheen Lodge Gardens ..

JOHN PIGGOT, Sheen

W. B.

F. SHARP, East Sheen Lodge Gardens

Mr. EAST, Clare Lawn Gardens

Mr. CATIANEO, Covent Garden

Mr. COOM BS, Sheen House

Mr. DENT, Clare Lawn. East Sheen

R.FISHER

GEORGE HOLDER

C.CAMERON

HENRY WILLIAMS

Per Mr. C. RAFFILL, Low Hill Gardens, Bushbury,
Wolverhampton : -

Mrs LOV ATT, Low Hill

T. H BIRCH, Esq., The Ford Hotise
Dr. MILLINGTON, The Fallings Hall

W. BAYLISS, Esq., Newbridge

H. C. TWENTYMAN, Esq., Castlecroft
ARTHUR BRISCOF,, Esq., Wightwick

Mrs. MANDER. The Mount

Mrs. S. MANDER. Glen Bank

Capt. T. G. PERRY. The Wergs

H. H. FOWLER, Esii., MP., The Wergs ..
Colonel THORNEYCKOFT.Tettenhall

W. H. ROCERS, Esq., Goldthorn

O. F.. Wolverhampton

J. BERRY, Gales Street

RICHD. H. BRISCOE, Esq., Somerford H.nll

Mr. I. E. UNDERBILL

Mr. E. JENKINS, Aldin Grange Gardens ..
Mr. E. COCKBILL, Rnlleston Hall Gardens
R. SHARPE. 3s. bd. ; J. BOOKER, 2S. id.

A. WEBSTER, New Low Hill

A FRIEND

o 10
o 10

O 10

0 to

1 o
o 5
o 5

O 10
O 10

o 10
o 10
" 5

Z58 12 O

Brought forward .. .. .. -• . . jCsS i-

Mr. H. CROSS. Woodcote Gardens, Newport, Salop C-^ 10
Mr. E. ROBERTSHAW, The Gardens, Denzell,

Bowdon, Cheshire o to

J. RAINBOW, 5s, : R. FOX, is. id. : and F.
HUSBAND, 21. bit. — Young Men in Denzill
Gardens 010

Per Mr. R. GREENFIELD. The Priory Gardens,

Warwick. (Second List.) :^
L. W. STANTON, Esq , Mayor of Warwick. .
Mr. C. M. CARMICHAEL, Arden House, Henley-

in-Arden. Warwick
W. HARDING, Esq , Rothetfield, Leamington
Mr. JENNER, The Gardens, Ellorgrecn, Kendal ..

Mr. H. J. BANKS. Warwick

Mr.W. L. DEVEY ,

Mr. R. M. IVENS
Mr. H. MAYCOCK

Mr. W. A. WALKER „

Mr. T. H. HARBAGE

Messrs. J. & C. WEBB

Mr. J. W. GLOVER „
Mr. J Forbes, Nurseryman, Hawick, N.B. ..
Mr. W, GARDINER, Florist, &c . Hai borne
Mr. E. FREEMAN, Rotherfield, Leamington
Mr. A. OWEN, Leamington

Per Mr. W. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Heywood
House, Westbury : —

The Hon Sir HENRY C. LOPES ■

Mr. W. ROBINSON o

Mr. H. GREEN o

Mr. W. HIGGINS o

Mr. H. MOON o

Mr. G. NORTHEAST o

Mr. J. ADLAM o

Mr. W. WVAXr o

Per Mr. G. FORD, Wrest Park Gardens, Amplhdl : -

HY. JUTHEWV, Esq , Silsoe

Mr. G. FORD, Wrest Park

J NORRISH, Foreman, Wre.st Park

GARDEN MEN, Wrest Park

J. BLAMEY, Esq , The-Bank, Ampthill

W. J. LUCAS, Esq

Mr. W.HILL „ „

Mr. D. HOLT ,, ,. •• •.- •

Mr R. FIELDER, Brewery Gardens, Ampthill
Mr. W. ALLEN „

Mr. J. B. SEWARD, Esq.

Mr.G. ROBERTS

Mr. T. LANDERS, Southill

Mr. W. WATSON, ShelTord

Mr. W.PAYNE, ,.

— WINGFIELD, Esq , Ampthill

Mr. F. JOYCF, Silsoe

Mr. T. MANN .,

Mr. T. BAILEY „

o 5
o 10

O 10

Per Mr. T. KIRBV, Gardener, Barnes Hall, Grcno-

side, near Shefiield : —
W.SMITH, Esq. .. •• ■■

C. M. SMITH, Esq., „ .. " ■•

JAMES MONTGOMERY, The Gardens „ ..

T, C. NEWTON, Esq., Thotnclllle Ironworks,

Chap"Itown
GEO. D.AWSON. Esq. ^, .•,

Rev. W. MICTTLETHWAITHE, Chapeltown ..
THOS. BOOL.

Mr. MOORE, Charlton Brook ,.

GEORGE DRANSFIELD „

GEORGE POTTS, Grenoside

JOHN POTTS

GEORGE WOOD „ •■

T.A.DREW

W.GILL

J SWIFT .,

J. D. SKELTON, Esq , Middlewood Hall, ne,ar

Sheffield .. . ••. ••_,.,■,*, *j

JOHN FLETCHER, Tl-.o Gardens, Middlewood

Hall, near Shsffield .. ■ ■ . ■ ;

Collected in small donations from Friends

Mr. J. BISH, The Gardens, Marchwiel Hall, Wrex-
ham ■>

Mr. A. STURTON, ditto o

C. TAYLOR. 2.r. 6d. ; W. FLETCHER, is. (•!.-

Young Men in the Bothy, ditto o

Mr. G. JKNKINS, Boyre Hill, Maidenhead.. .. o
Meesrs R. & G. CUTHBERT, Nurserymen, South-
gate, Middlesex ..1

jCSi 10 6

All further Donations will bo forwarded to Mr. E R. CUTLER, the Secretary of the Institution,
and acknowledged by him In the usual way.

December 27, 1884.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

807

SEASON 188S.

Is now offered to the public for the
tenth year, and the Manufacturers
have again much pleasure in stat-
ing that it is still increasing in
popularity.

They are, however, sorry to
find that it is still necessary to
CAUTION their Customers
against, under any circumstances,
accepting it, unless in their
PACKETS or SEALED BAGS,
as they will not be responsible for
its genuineness under any other
conditions. Where no Afjcnt re-
sides in the neighbourhood they
will forward a Sample Bag, car-
riage paid, on receipt of Cheque
or Post-office Order.

Sold in Packets, ONE SHILLING each,

Sealed Bags,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2 6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-

CLAY & LSVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

// is parlicularly requalei /hit, to prevent
deliy, all Orders should be placed as early as
pi ssz'We.

SEEDSMEN BY KOYAL WABBANT

to H.M. tUe Queen, after having been honoured

with Her Majesty's commands for thirty

consecutive years.

Also the First Seedsmen hy Special Warrant to

11 R.H the Prince of Wales.

SUTTON'S

CHOICE

Novelties.

NEW CABBAGE

SUTTON'S

READING ALL HEART.i

Introduced by u^ in 1883, since which time it has become
increasingly popular. As evidence of its remarkably quick
growth we may mention the fact that a plot of land sown
with Cabbage at our Experimental Grounds on March 20
was fit to clear and receive another crop on August 12.

Per packet, Is , post-free.

'• Ctrtainly th^ firc^t type of a Garden Cabbape I have
ever seen." — Mr \Vm. Wildswith, Gavdejier io the Right
Hon. Viscount Eversley.

'■ For a spring-sown Cabbage to turn in quickly, I find
none better than Satton's Reading AU Heart."— Mr. C. F.
Pkangnhll, Gardeners' Chro7tic'e, May 3, 1884.

' A superb and distinct little Cabbage." — Mr. J. MuiR,
GardctcT to C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P.

" One of the best Cabbages I have ever tried." — Mr. J.
Burnett, Gardener to Mrs. Hope, Deepdeite.

" From your AH Heart Cabbage, sown in April. I cut
fi^t-class Cabbages in July."— Mr. J. Smith, lFelliv_c^-

OBSERVE
THIS TRADE MARK

EVERY PACKET.

For prices and full particulars of Sutton's choice

varieties of Vegetables, Flowers^ and

Potatos, sec

\ L

SUTTON'S

SPECIAL LIST of NOVELTIES,

Gratis and Post-free on application.

Royal Berks Seed Establishment,

READING.

SATURDAY, nF.CKMBER 27, 18S4.

STANCLIFFE.

BETWEEN Matlock and Rowsley, from the
flat pastures of Darley Dale, rises a vast
bluff of hard sandstone rock — hard enough to
serve for millstones — hence named millstone
grit. The "grit" forms one of the main ribs
of Derbyshire, another being constituted by the
mountain limestone. Between them and their
outliers run the valleys and dales for which the
county is famous — along their tops the moors
are outspread. The one bold escarpment we
have now to do with is that known as Stan-
cliffe, the property of Sir Joseph Whitworth.
It rises abruptly from the valley on the north
and western sides, where the naked rock pro-
trudes in gigantic blocks of sandstone, cuboidal
m outline, hard enough to present sharp edges,
yet with the surfaces often scooped out by the
water and frost of ages. On the south it forms
an undulating turf-clad slope, rismg by moder-
ate gradients from the lodge gate in the valley
to the summit. Well-made and well-kept
roads rise gradually and easily from the
entrance up to the base of the cliff, and
coil around it to reach a level plateau, on which
the house is situated. Diverging from this
main road are others, which follow the intrica-
cies of the rocks ; one leads to a quarry whence
the blocks are extracted for building purposes,
the stone being in high esteem where dura-
bility and substance are required ; another
crosses the chasm between detached masses
by means of a bridge ; but all at length con-
verge at the topmost plateau at the summit
of the cliff, where, partly by the aid of Art,
there has been formed an oblong space, whose
existence is not suspected till the visitor
actually reaches it, although its site is marked
from below by the bold outlines of some Scotch
Pines, which stand out against the background
of sky in most strikingly picturesque fashion.
From this plateau grand views are obtained of
the parallel lines of hills and the fertile pasture
land through which the Derwent threads its
way. From it, too, on looking down, may be
obtained a bird's-eye view of the whole garden,
which enables the visitor to understand the plan
of the whole in a manner which, owing to the
differences of level, and the glorious promi-
nences of rock, he would otherwise have a
difficulty in doing.

Near to the Hall are the famous Darley
Dale quarries, from which the stone for St.
George's Hall, Liverpool — the Assize Courts,
Manchester — the Municipal Buildings, Birming-
ham— and many other public and private
buildings, including the extensive additions
effected by Sir Joseph Whitworth to the Hall
and other buildings on this estate, have been
quarried. The estate came into the possession
of Sir Joseph Whitworth, by purchase, in 1S56.
In 1863, when Sir Joseph was considering his
plans for the works since carried out, a most
interesting discovery of cinerary urns was made.
It was while excavating the surface soil at the
rear of the house that the workmen came upon
five urns, which were found in an inverted

8o8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 1884.

position at the foot of a slope, which rose to a
height of about 80 feet, from which the earth
had been gradually washed down by the rain of
successive ages, thereby embedding the mound
containing the urns to a depth of from 4 to 5
feet This discovery from an antiquarian point
of view was of so much interest, that Mr. Jewett
considered it worthy of illustration in the
Reliquary of 1 S64.

The grounds cover an area of nearly 352
acres, which may be roughly divided into three
divisions, viz., gravel, grass, and shrubberies.
To the shrubberies, in which area the rocks
are included, may be allotted 15 acres, to the
lawns and grass verges 17 acres, and to the
gravel walks 3i acres ; or, if the length of the
walks, irrespective of their respective widths, be
taken, we have in length of walks a distance
of 2\ miles.

According to the Ordnance Survey, the site of
the lodge gates is at an elevation of 359 feet
above the mean water-level at Liverpool. Start-
ing at this point and following the carriage
road, which is about 15 feet wide and 995 yards
long, we traverse it at a gradient in no place
'more than i in 18 until we reach the Hall, which
is placed in a small valley between two sloping
banks which run, the one to the north-east, the
other to the south-west — the floor of the Hall
being a little over 150 feet above the lodge
entrance to the grounds.

Leaving the house, we traverse an almost
level plateau, till we reach the foot of the slope
rising westward, which we ascend by a circuitous
walk to the highest part of the grounds already
mentioned, the elevation being 211 feet above
the lodge entrance, or 570 feet above the sea,
according to Ordnance Survey. The main roads
are bordered with a wide shrubbery border filled
with a profusion of choice Rhododendrons,
Azaleas, and other flowering trees and shrubs,
intermixed with which are spiry Conifers, bronzy
Retinosporas, and elegant Birches. In early
summer the profusion of many-tinted Rhodo-
dendrons, the glowing Azaleas, brilliant Thorns,
showy Pa.'onies, delicately-tinted Weigelas, and
the like, render these borders a magnificent
glow of many-hued colour, relieved by the
sombre tints of the Conifers, and lit up by the
silvery shoots of the Austrian Pine and the
white-barked Birches, and diversified by the rich
hues of Copper Beech, and the brilliancy of the
Laburnum. The rocks themselves, light fawn,
verging into rich chestnut-brown, are carpeted
with Pernettyas, Vacciniums, and Gaultherias.
Cotoneasters, with their profuse white blooms,
spread over the blocks and give an impression
as if a film of milk-white fluid were spreading
over the stone, or as if a light fall of snow had
partly covered the rich brown rock. In the cran-
nies grow white Arabis and Iberis, purple Aubrie-
tias. Saxifrages, Sedums, Wallflowers, Darwin's
Berberis, golden Ivies, golden Vincas, Helian-
themums, and numberless others. Of larger
plants occupying pockets on the rocks are
glorious masses of white and yellow Brooms,
gorgeous bushes of Gorse, thickets of Rhodo-
dendron Wilsoni, R. ferrugineum, Kalmias and
Ledums, and Daphnes and Hollies. Conifers
are everywhere mostly such as are of flame-like
or pyramidal outline. If a fault can be sug-
gested in so beautiful a place it is that there
are too many of these pyramidal trees, whose
somewhat formal outlines are in places hardly
sufficiently broken up by trees of dififerent con-
tour. Of the smaller growing species Juniperus
Sabina holds a distinct place, its spiry tufts of
dark green rising up very effectively, especially
in contrast with the golden Yews. Abies ama-
bilis here loses its leader, but it forms such
effective masses, creeping over the rocks like
the Cotoneaster, that the loss of its usual habit
is hardly to be regretted ; seen as we saw
it, when the prostrate branches were each
tipped with a sheaf of new silvery foliage, the
effect produced was sorprisingly beautiful.

Among other Conifers, Araucaria imbricata,
Lawson's Cypress, Abies lasiocarpa and nobilis,
A. magnifica. Deodars, Pinus Cembra, Retino-
sporas of all shades of colour, from silvery-
purple to golden-bronze ; Tsuga canadensis
may be mentioned as doing well, and repre-
sented by hundreds of specimens. The Douglas
and Red-wood do not thrive, being, like the
Wellingtonia, apt to be injured by the fierce
gales which blow in these regions ; nevertheless,
in sheltered n?oks, such as abound among the
recesses of the rocks, these do well.

Such are the leading features of a garden
unique in the bold character bestowed upon it
by Nature, and in the rich clothing furnished
by the planter. Seen in early summer, when
we saw it, the beauty and richness of colouring
were superb, almost beyond belief ; but at any
season it must be singularly effective. The
planting has been carried out under Sir Joseph
Whitworth's superintendence most effectively
and judiciously by Mr. Dawson, whose zeal and
intelligence have effected wonders, and whose
courteous attention we would here gratefully
acknowledge. The whole maintenance of the
place testifies to the constant labour and un-
ceasing vigilance that is exercised. If any-
thing the keeping is too good, frequently in
threading our way up between the rocks and
boulders we caught ourselves wondering when we
should see the glacier gleaming through the trees
and doubting whether the Matterhorn would not
make its apperance, towering into the sky
round the next corner, for, in truth, there is
here much to remind the visitor of the lower slopes
above Zermatt at the base of the Matterhorn,
but the well kept paths and easy gradients
dispel the illusion.

Of bedding out there is happily none ; in the
mid-it of such scenery it would be an imperti-
nent intrusion, even Roses are not abundant,
save where their climbing habit suits the rocky
character of the ground, or where a wall has to
be covered— the ugly standards are conspicuous
by their absence.

Adjoining the mansion is a large winter
garden, which will furnish shelter and an agree-
able promenade in winter, and which is in
course of construction. The solidity of its
foundations would surprise those whose lot is
not cast in rocky ground. It is nearly 120 feet
long, is of very light and elegant construction,
but nevertheless possesses great strength, as
it stands in a somewhat exposed position, and
has to encounter the full force of the high
winds which are common in the neighbour-
hood. It has been erected by Messrs. J. Weeks
& Co., horticultural engineers, Chelsea, in con-
junction with Messrs. Roger Smith & Gale,
the architects. The upright fronts, from the
plate to the cornice, are constructed of wood,
with ornamental mullions, carved brackets, and
moulded cornices. The semicircular ends or
gables of the transept roof are of good design,
and present a very elegant appearance. The
semicircular roofs are constructed with light
curved iron ribs, securely tied, and surmounted
by an ornamental lantern, with sashes to push
out for ventilation. The winter garden is
attached to the mansion by means of a corridor,
designed to be in harmony with the main build-
ing. The whole of the roofs are fitted with
Weeks' improved iron drip bar, arranged along
the inner edge of cornices, so as to carry away
the condensation water, and prevent it dripping
down the sides and disfiguring the internal
decoration. We give a section showing this
construction (fig. 142, p. 815) : n shows the
gutter, c shows the end of iron curved roof
rib, D shows the drip bar, and A shows the
end of curved glass. It will be seen that any
condensation water running down the glass or
rib is caught by the drip bar and conveyed to
the gutter. The winter garden and various
portions of the mansion are warmed by means
of one of Weeks & Co.'s patent upright tubular

boilers. With the exception of this conservatory
there is comparatively little glass on the place,
supplies of cut flowers and fruit being procured
from Manchester and elsewhere. There is thus
little to detract from the grandeur of the rock
scenery and its luxuriant vegetation.

m

CCELOGYNE ROSSIANA, n. sp.*

This plant cost me much time. I wished to bring
it under one of the known species. I could, however,
not succeed. Its strong bulb is nearly obpyriform,
with four prominent and four interposed, nearly ob-
solete, quite blunt ribs. Leaves two, long petioled,
cuneate, oblong lanceolate acute exceeding a foot
in length and I J inch broad. The peduncle is scarcely
longer than the bulb, of course produced from a
sheathed base, where the leaves may be expected to
arise. The one at band has four flowers, all directed
to one side. I could see only one linear acuminate
bract, all the others having fallen before. Flowers
with ligulate acute sepals and petals, cream-white.
Lip with ochre-yellow side lacinise, and such is the
colour of the anterior expanded part of the anterior
lacinia, excepting the white top. The other parts,
disc and broad nail ot mid-lacinia, are white. There
are three plaited keels from the base nearly to the top
ol the dilated anterior part of lip. Outside the lateral
ones there stands a short plaited keel, and this is the
great peculiarity of the plant. This short keel is only
to be seen on the dilated part. Column white, with
brown mid-line in front. This very interesting species
is dedicated to my excellent correspondent, Mr. H. T.
Ross, who imported it from Burmah, and complains
of its being a very shy flowerer. H, G. Rchb, f.

Primula admontensis, Gusmus : hybiida inter
P. Auriculam x Clusianam.f

My correspondent, Herr Gusmus, of Rosenheim,
sends me a specimen of a hybrid Primula which he
gathered on the Kalbling, south of Admont, in Upper
Styria, last May. The plant was found on limestone
rock with its parents. G, C, Churchill,

A NEW HELIOTROPE.

The history of the Heliotrope of which we now
give a figure (fig. 140), is of some interest, but
unfortunately it leaves some doubt as to the identity
of the plant. It was raised from seeds of a
plant received from Peru, and which was covered
with a dense investment of long silky-white hair.
This dried specimen is evidently identical with
that in the Kew herbarium from Lobb, Columbia,
n. 41, and which has been doubtfully referred
to H. incanum of Ruiz and Pavon, /<:., ii., loS,
The seedling plants, however, raised by Mr. W,
Bull, who kindly sent us the specimen whence
our figure was taken, looks very unlike the true
incanum, having rough leaves nearly entirely destitute
of silky investment, broader, more ovate leaves, a
denser, more globose inflorescence, and a larger, more
hairy calyx, and purple, not white flowers. At first
glance, then, it would appear that we have to do
with a plant specifically different from H. incanum.
On the other hand, we have Mr. Bull's assertion
that the plant, though so different in appearance, was
raised from the specimen referred to H. incanum,
and on examining Lobb's specimen it may be seen
that some of the lower leaves are coarsely rugose, and

• drlogyne (enctir) Rosstanat n. sp. — Pedunculo ascendente
qviadrifloro, secundiBoro ; bracteis linearibus aculis, citissime
deciduis ; sepalis tepalisque linearilanceis. labeltotrifido, lacinits
{.iteralibus obtusangulis, lacinia antica ab ungue latiusculo
xquilongo abrupte obtusatiRulo Iriangulo dilatata, carinis
plicatis a basi m laciniam aiiticam dilatalam u^que temis,
superaddita utrinque in ha c parte cannula plicata adventitix ;
androclinio integro. Ex Burmah imp. egr. cult. H. T. Ross.
H. C. Rchb f.

t Primula admontensis, Gusmus (P. auricula xClusiana). —
Radice cxspitosa. Foliis spatulato-ovatis, marline dentxto-
serrato, pilis jjlanduligeris ciliatis, carniilosoconaceis elabris,
nervis secundariis 6 — 8 promioulis ; scapo erecto. fo!iis duplo
longiore paucitloro, hinc inde pilis obsito : involucri foliolis
elongato-lanceolalis, pedicetlis calycem versus paullo crnssiori-
bus, dimidio brevioribus, pubesccntibus ; catycis pubescentis
segmentis ovatis elanduloso ciliaiis. coloralifi : corollx lobis cor-
daiis lilacinis ; staminibus in medio circiter tubi inserti* ; cap-
sula subglobosa, stigma subglobosa. ^ floret majo. Habitat
in alpibus styriacis allitudine loco m. in monte Kalblinf
rarissimc ubi legit H. Gusmus.

December 27, 1X84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

809

destitute of white shaggy haiis ; hence it is possible
that the plant exists in two aspects according to cir-
cum>tances, and that under culiivaiion the difTcrences
become greatly accentuated. The form of the in-
florescence, too, is not a matter of much moment,
for the globose cymes might readily lengthen into long
spikes, owiceversA^ neither is the colour of the flower
of more consequence Presuming that there has been
DO error, the change is one of the most remarkable,
induced by cultivation in so short a time, that we have
met with. For the present we may call Mr. Bull's

THE IVY.

There are few thines.more suilahle for church
decoralion, or for the decoralions of nur clwcliiiigs
at this season, than berried Ivy, of which we have
great abundance this year. For wreath-making the
common small-berried variety found growing every-
where on our hedgerow trees is the most suitable.
Mixed with variegated Holly, Aucuba, Box, Laurel,
and Yew, it produces a charming effect, with its
glossy leaves and bold projecting berries. For

Fig. 140.— heliotropum incasu.m var. glabra,

plant H. incanum {?), var. glabra. It has much the
appearance of H. peruvianum, but has a coarser look,
and the flowers are not so fragrant. The pollen
grains figured by Mr. Worthington Smith differ, as
he points out, from the dumb-bell shape found in
the pollen cells of other Borageworts.

Early Red Calville Apple. — A medium-sized
fruit, of globular shape, with a short stalk and shallow
eye, the skin red, streaked with darker stripes.
Flesh firm, white, with an agreeably acid flavour.
Season, November. The tree is of free growth, bears
freely, and is worthy of cultivation for its ornamental
appearance alone. A. F. B., in "Florist" Novem-
ber, 1884,

church decoration, to intermix with Holly and other
evergreens, the large Irish (Hedera hibernica), in a
berried state, will be found the most suitable for a
bank of evergreens to screen an unsightly corner, or to
place between a group of plants in pots, to give them
a natural appearance, there are few things to surpass
it. It is also admirably adapted to place on the tops
of picture- frames or other objects of interest, and to
employ the long trailing shoots to hang carelessly on
either side. For decorating large public rooms or
halls it will be found most useful either in its berried
or trailing state. The Ivy, although indulging in a
cool, shady retreat, will nevertheless produce bolder
and brighter-coloured berries when exposed to sun-
light. A good position for the large Irish Ivy

is that of an old tree which has seen its
best days, or one injured by the elements. Planted
in some good rich soil and taken care ol fur a jear or
two it will soon foim a cosy ncighliour to its luluie
supporter, and au agreeable olject when there are lew
things to relieve the eye from the general gloom of
winter. Although the Ivy has gained fur itself a bad
name as a creeper to cover the walls of dwelling-
houses, it stands unrivalled as a creeper for covering
unsightly buildings or disagreeable objects. " On no
account plant Ivy against your house" is the general re-
mark ; " it will make the walls damp and injure the
building." That it will injure a building is evident if
allowed uncontrolled to find its way under or above
the roof. As to keeping the walls damp, that is an
almost impossible feat, as an observer may find during
damp weather, or after heavy rains. The reverse
of this is the fact. If you have a damp wall, especially
facing north, that of all others is the place to plant
Ivy I there is no better absorbent, and the said damp-
ness will disappear to an appreciable extent. The
Irish Ivy, however, requires a good range to ramble
in, and should never be allowed to trespass either
under or on the roof of a building. Buildings having
pretensions to architectural proportions, and parti-
cularly those of a rustic character, are not suited for
the grosser kinds of Ivies, as hibernica or Regneri-
ana, but should be clothed with more dressy kinds, as
chrysocarpa, cananiensis, argentea, the small varie-
gated, and other choice palmated kinds. J. J. B.

f rd|id |[ol£» and |lmuin0S.

" Botanical" Orchids.— In theOrchid collection

at Kew one sees numerous small, and io a horticul-
tural sense uninteresting, species, such as would be re-
fused a place amongst Orchids that are large flowered,
but which nevertheless are as interesting, often more
so, to the botanist than their large flowered and richly
coloured brethren. To such plants belong most of
the following, and which are now in flower at Kew.
Trias pallidiflora is one of the two or three species
included in this genus by Bentham, but which accord-
ing to Reichenbach belong to the Bolbophyllums.
They are small plants, the pseudobulbs being globose,
as large as a marble, each bearing a thick fleshy leaf 3
or 4 inches long. T. pallidiflora produces a single
flowered scape from the base of the pseudobulb
and about an inch long. The flower is composed
of three broad spreading reflexed sepals, \ inch
long and \ inch broad ; the petals are very small,
and the labellum is tongue-shaped, thick, 4 inch long,
and, like the Bolbophyllums, is delicately balanced on
a hinge-like connective, so that the slightest move-
ment of the air causes it to tremble. The column is
short and is narrowed at the tip to a beak-like point.
The whole flower is yellowish, thickly spotted with
purple. A native of Moulmein, and requiring tropical
treatment. Bolbophyllum neilgherrense is a species
with a long root-like rhizome, upon which the quad-
rangular pseudobulbs are produced at intervals of
about 2 inches, each bearing a single lance-shaped
leaf of leathery texture. The flower-spike is about
7 inches long, and bears about a score of small flowers
which are placed closely together. Each flower
is formed of two projecting sepals which are
arranged somewhat like the lower divisions of a
papilionaceous flower ; the lip is tongue-shaped,
with a furrow down the middle, the two small petals
being almost hidden behind it and the sepals. The
colour of these flowers is yellowish, with purplish-
brown streaks. If for no other character this plant
is interesting because of the powerful and very dis-
agreeable odour which arises from its flowers. Den-
drobium tetragonum is an Australian Dendrobe, with
quadrangular brown pseudobulbs, terminated by a
pair of green waved leaves. The flowers, which are
produced from the axils of the leaves, are composed
of live long twisted segments {petals and sepals),
which are green and purple, and an ovate labellum,
with short lateral lobes, and a pointed, revolute
central one, its colour being white, with transverse
pink bars. The singular shape of the pseudobulbs,
with their curiously swollen tuber-like bases, renders
this plant of some interest. It was introduced from
Moreton Bay by Messrs. Rollis?on about twelve years
ago. The Kew plant is in very fine condition.
Eulophia virens is an Indian species with thick Cym-

8io

THE GARDENERS' CHRON

rCLE.

[December 27, 1884.

bidium-like pseudobulbs, and long grassy foliage.
The scape is over 2 feet iong, erect, branching, and
bears a score or more il iwers, which are composed
of long strap-shaped recurved sepals and petals, of a
greenish-yellow colour, and a three! jbed labellum,
the central lobe channelled, i inch long, and bearing
several bearded ridges, which are reddish coloured,
the lip iiself being white. A terrestrial Orchid,
growing naturally in clefts of rock 611ed with vege-
table earih. It has been in flower at Ke« several
weeks. Dendrochilum uncatum is a graceful little
Orchid, with small green bulbs, slender foliage, and
long hair-like arching flower-scapes which bear two
rows of tiny star-shaped flowers. A plant in a 4-inch
pot bears a dozen of these spikes, each i foot long.
The Dendrochilums are much more satisfactory when
grown in a cool house than when treated as tropical
plants. The following Masdevallias are also in
flower at Kew :— M. hella, M- Chelsoni, M. ignea,
M. octhodes, M. Reichenbachiana, M. tovarensis,
M. Iriglochin, M. velifera, M. Wagneriana, M. sp.
nov. (Hort. Shutlleworth).

O.N'CIDIUM CHEIROPHORUM AND O. ORNITIIO-

RIIY.NCHUM are two of the prettiest and most useful of
the cultivated Uncids, though they belong to the
smallest flowered section of the genus. Their pretii-
ness consists in their numerous graceful branching
racemes, covered with crowds of curiously formed,
brightly coloured, fragrant flowers, which possess
good lasting qualities. One of the prettiest and most
uncommon elTects in the way of table decollation we
saw produced by several healthy well flowered speci-
mens of these two Orchids, which were placed in
broad-mouthed flower-stands about 18 inches high,
with Selaginella and Panicum variegatum draping the
sides and hiding the pots in which the Orchids were
planted. The arching spikes of tiny flowers, in the
one species bright sulphur-yellow, in the other purple-
rose, with a boss of yellow in the middle of each
flower, looked like clusters of insects crowding round
the foliage of the Orchids. They are very fragrant,
too, and remain so for some time after being cut and
placed in water. Both species are amongst the easiest
managed Orchids, growing freely and flowering pro-
fusely it kept in a cool-house and supplied with plenty
of water always. During summer they require to be
shaded from bright sunshine, and are much benefited
by a sprinkling of water overhead several times dur-
ing the day. The finest batch of these two Oncids
we remember were in the Clapton Nurseries, where
they were frequently watered overhead, much to the
astonishment of the late Mr. Spyers, who used to
grow them fairly well, but never allowed them to be
welled overhead. Economy of labour and even care-
lessness often reveal to us the secret of what is best
for many over-coddled plants. Messrs. Low watered
their Oacidi with a large roscpot to save time, and
thus found out what was best for at least some of the
specie?.

Vanda C(Eiui,ea.— Amongst the many well-
known p'an's of Orchidi at (_'-iolmelcy Park, High-
gi'e, is a marvellous variety of \".:nda cfcrulea— ihe
1.1 int, 20 inches high, crirrjing a spike of twelve
fl)vcr-i, cich flower well filled in, almost circu'ar,
ari.l 3 inches in diameter, well coloured. Truly a grand
sight when seen bite this.

ORANGE PEEL.

Cut^ISIMASTlDE wakes up an important trade
in products of the Orange family, and especially
does one of these put in a prominent appearance
at this time, and that is the rind or peel of the
Citron in its form of candied peel. 1- ruiterers and
grocers make a goodly display of dried and candied
fr'rits just now. The public have little conception
of the large commerce carried on in the peel.
Let us form a rough estimate of its consumption
as candied peel at this season. There is scarcely
a household in the kingdom that does not have
one or more plum puddings. Assuming that there
are 7,000,000 families (to say nothing of the float-
ing population in hotels, ships, <fv;c.), each of these
would consume, say, half a pound of peel for their
puddings, which creates a demand for 1500 tons, and
we import more than this quantity from Italy alone.
It is the Cedrat, a variety of the Citrus medica,
which principally supplies the Citron peel of commerce.
The large fruits are known under the name of ponciia
in Ft-incs. BU it ia not only Ihe peel itself o( these

fruits that is useful, valuable essential oils are obtained
from the rind of many species. The large variety of
the Citron when candied furnishes the chief part of
the citrionate or succade. The rind of Citrus auran-
lium yields the essence of Orange of Portugal. The
fruit rind of Citrus bergamium, a graft on C. vulgaris
with a fine aroma, is abominably bitter, furnishes
Bergamot oil, and the Mel'arosa variety an exquisite
confiture. The pulp and thick rind of the Shaddock,
C. decumana, can each be used for preserves.
The sweet Lemon, Citrus Limonum, with a thick and
pale rind, serves for particular condiments. The
thin smooth aromatic peel of the ordinary Lemon also
furnishes condiments and ih: production of an
essential oil. Tne plants of the Orange family exhibit
in every part vesicuhr glands or receptacles of oil,
which abounds particularly in the leaves and in the
rind of the fruit. It is this volatile principle which
makes these trees so odoriferous, and gives that stimu-
lant action which the various parts exercise on the
animal economy.

Orange peel readily yields its otto by simple expres-
sion. The fruit of both the Bigarade and the sweet
Orange is used, the former yielding the best product.
It is a light yellow liquid, and has a strong aroma
peculiar to the fruit from which it is obtained. Its
general properties are the same whether derived from
the sweet or bitter Orange. Of all ottos it is the most
difficult to preserve ; when exposed lo the air it be-
comes worthless with great rapidity. The .Seville
Orange (C. Bigaradia) differs from the sweet
chiefly in bearing a fruit rugged on the surface, of a
deeper hue, and with a pulp sour and bitter instead
of sweet.

The Seville Oranges are principally used for mar-
malade. The rind of the Bergamot yields, both by
pressure and distillation, the volatile oil called
Birgamot. One hundred fruits are said to yield
2j oz. From the rind of the sweet Orange an essen-
tial oil called oil of orange is produced ; an inferior
kind called Neroli oil, is obtained from the rind of the
bitter or Seville Orange. The value of the essences
obtained from the Orange family shipped annually
from Messina exceeds ;/,i70,ooo. The preparation of
preserved or candied Citron used to be carried on in
L-ghorn on a large scale. lo a good year about
5000 boxes to more than 1000 tons are shipped. Re-
fined sugar alone is used, and enters into the com-
position in the proportion of 80 per cent-, and more
sugar was lost and used up in the course of the manufic-
lure than was allowed for by the drawback, hence it
docs not pay at present to preserve the peel, which is
shipped in brine. Italy sends us, on the average of
years, about 3750 tons, worth ^60,000.

The fruit of the Citron, cut in two or three pieces
of about I lb. weight each, are packed in barrels of
brine to insure their preservation. From Sicily, 5010
100 tons are shipped in a year at the price of about
^3 per cwt. In Greece and the Levant the parings
of the hundreds of millions of fruits consumed were
formerly thrown away, but some Sicilians have of late
years introduced the art of preparing the essential oil.
In 1S72 the quantity of essences shipped from Messina
was 307,000 lb. One thousand Lemons, price 9-r.,
will yield I lb. avoirdupois of essence ; 350,000 lb. to
400,000 lb. avoirdupois of essence extracted from the
peel of the Citron are often shipped from M'.s-in»
in a year. Each tree will often yield in value £\ of
fruit.

The Cedrat has been much cultivated of late years
in Corsica, the prices realised for the produce under
this branch of industry are most remunerative. About
1,000,000 lb. of fruit or candied Citron peel, and
2,700,000 lb. salted, is exported annually. The
Cedrat forms a considerable article of commerce in
the island of N'axon. About half a million fruit are
sent annually to England, but many millions might be
shipped. They are sold when large at about 5 1.
each. The want of labour prevents their being pre-
pared on the spot. Malaga ships about 1000 Hi.
of Orange-peel to different ports in Europe for making
liqueurs and syrups.

When the time for preserving for Engl.ind comes
the fruit is taken from the pipes, and boiled till soft
enough to admit of the pulp being scooped out. The
rind is then laid in tubs or cisterns, and ni.Ited sugar
poured over it. Here it lies for three or four weeks,
and then the sugar is drained away, and the rind
placed on trays in a room constructed fur the purpose-
It now assumes the name of dried peel, anil is stored
away in boxes till wanted for candying.
New York impoits Otange-pecl hrgely from dif-

ferent parts of the world. In 1S77 the imports were
to the value of 9000 dols., since then they have risen
in value to 12.000 dols. The shipments from Havre
to New ^'ork by steamer are frequently 200 sacks,
value about /200.

The fruit and lind of the bitter Orange, C. Eit;a-
radia, is also used for candied Oiangepeel. The rind
is thicker than that of the sweet Orange, and much
more rich in aromatic oil, so that there is always a
great demand for it for making essential oil of Orang-,
flavouring extracts, bitter preprrations, and liqueurs.
The well known and delicious liqueur known as
Curat,- la, is made in large part from a distillation of
the bitter Orange-peel. Many people imagine that
this liqueur comes from the island of Cur3«^oa, but
this is a mistake. The Dutch make it in Ilollan 1
mainly from the Orange-peel imported from thrt
island, which is one of their possessions, and have
named it after that island as a sort of guarantee of its
quality, for undeniably the finest Orange-peel in Ihe
world comes from there. The bitter Orange-peel is
one of the principal items of export from Curacoa,
indeed it ships little of any importance except this
peel, Divi-divi, and Aloes. Hundreds oi thousands
of pounds of this peel are sent annually to Holland.
In Amsterdam there is a regular Orange-peel mart,
where saucers full of peels are set out upon long
tables, and testers go among them selecting for pur-
chasers. Such experience have these men that they
can tell simply by breaking and smelling a bit of peel
just what part of the tropical world it comes from,
and that from Cura^oa always commands a higher
price than any other, P. /,. S,

AUTUMN PLANTED

EVERGREENS.

In the early autumn planting of evergreens the
prevalent disposition to put oft the work of prepara-
tion until it is too late, coupled with the comparatively
short time available to allow of the plants rooting
before winter, is likely to ever leave much of this
kind of work to be done when the certainty of
success is much reduced. 1-or even the least obser-
vant can scarcely fail to have noticed the ill effects
that such springs as the two last have on evergreens
planted in the winter ; the long succession of dry,
cutting east winds, and nipping frosts, parched up the
moisture in the leaves, and while the absence of
feeding root-fibres to the plants made them so far
unable to withstand, that many succumbed. Not-
withstanding the difficulties there have been in the
present season in planting, it seldom happens that an
autumn comes which has done more to confirm the
advantages of moving evergreens at this season, the
unusual amount of heat present in the ground has
induced a greater than ordinary amount of root
progress. Large densely lurnished Hollies, 8 or 9 feet
high, moved early in September, lost no leaves worth
naming, and are now bristling with thousands of
young roots several inches long, securing the plan's
as eO'ectually against the severest winter or spring
weather that may come as if they had never been
moved at all. In several cases the placts in question
were moved long distances by rail, necessitating their
being out of the ground several days ; previous lo
taking up the soil about their r')ots was well watered,
so as to secure good balls with all the roots to them
that could be got. They were matted up in damp
litter, and one thorough soaking was given when
planted — a good syringing overhead being given
daily for tv.'O or three weeks, iince which nothing
more has been needed. Very ditVerent from the
continual watering required through the summer
if the removal had taken place in spring,
leaving out of the calculation the greater progress
that may be looked for during the ensu-
ing summer. Evergreen trees much larger than
the above, such as Cedrus Deodara, Cupressus nut*
kaensis, C. Lawsonii, Abies balsamea, and various
kinds of Pines, from 12 to 25 feet high, planted
fifteen to twenty years, and that were transplanttd
the latter end of August without any previous prepara-
tion, have been equally favoured by the season. The
complete soakings which the large balls of earth were
given immediately after planting, previous to which
the soil had been all but dust-<lry, prevented any lo?s
of leaf, and, combined with the long-continued aulumn
warmth, has since caused such an extent of root-
formation that litile less than the ordinary amount of
growth may be looked for the next liCftjon,

DrCEMBEK 27, 18S4.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

811

A

|broq (|Hi{ff|tt.

TilE present year, which is now nearly closed, has
been csptciiily favourable to the flower garden. The
beauty and brilliancy of both flowers and fine folinj^cil
plants has been quite exccplional when compared with
that of the last few unfavourable summers. In some
localities, it is true, the continued heat and drought
was rather trying to a few subjects, but where a plen-
tiful supply of water was at hand, as it always shoui 1
be where the tlower garden is of any extent, the evil
could be aveited by abundant watering at intervals.
As to the prolonged charms of the flower garden
during the autumn months there is perhaps scarcely
within the recollection of the oldest gardener a season
when these were extended to so late a period as has
been the case this year in almost every part of the
country. At the present time even Pelargoniums are
still green, bright, and beautiful, while the late
flowering varieties of Roses, such as Sombreuil, Sou-
venir de !a Malmaison, and Gloire de Dijon still yield
their flowers somewhat freely, which, when placed in
contrast with a few flowers of Alfred Colomb Rose
and a solitary golden Marechal, make a charming
although somewhat unusual accompaniment to the
tender and sometimes pallid Treed flowers at this
glad season of Christmastide, Although the
season calling forth the greatest activity in the
flower garden is now over for this year, and that
of the forthcoming one yet a little way distant,
still there is much necessary and important work
which may and ought now to be performed.
Work, both mental and manual, and in proportion
to the skill and thoroughness with which that work is
now executed, so will the eflorts and actual labour put
forth at that busy lime be lessened and made pleasant,
easy, and satisfactory. It is right that every
flower gardener at this time should severely criticise
the features of the garden during the past and previous
years, so as to detect any defect and partial failure,
and any unsatisfactory combinations which have
occurred, not resting satisfied till the causes have been
clearly ascertained ; at the same time, lest he should
feel too satisfied with his own doings, it is always
advisable to make comparisons with the doings of
those who have been able to reach a higher standard
of excellence in flower garden management than his
own ; by so doing many improvements may be
effected, with no worse result thafi this— the learner
may lose a little of that self-esteem which we all —
especially gardeners — are said to inherit, or at any rate
acquire, very early in life. There are nearly always
some changes to be made in the flower garden each
year, otherwise the most beautiful and perfect arrange-
ments become too wearisome and monotonous. It is
not wise, however, to attempt these changes without
due consideration, because the alteration of one or
two beds or designs sometimes destroys the good
effect of the whole. Again, it is always desirable
that the flower gardener should first assure himself
that in this, as in every other change connected wirh
the flower garden, he is carrying out the wishes of
those whom it is his duty to endeavour to please, an<l
however diverse his own views may be, having once
courteously expressed these, he should try to fulfil
and carry out these wishes to the utmost. This, I
need scarcely say, is the rock on which young and
excellent gardeners have split. Whatever changes it
is decided to effect, whether in the alteration of the
beds or in the rearrangement in planting, it should
be at once performed so as not to interfere with the
usual work at the busy period, and also to allow of
the necessary stock (if any) required by the alterations
btiog propagated in due time. The whole stock of
plants should now undergo examination, making
careful notes of insulficient quantities ; this done,
proceed at once to increase the deficient numbers and
e '.courage any weak growing plants. In propagating
nearly all kinds of bedding plants, especially Pelar-
goniums, at this reason, it is advisable to first subject
ihera to a temperature just sufficient to stimulate
growth before the cuttings arc taken off the plants.
They should then be subjected to a brisk bottom-beat
of 90° or 95", and when struck they should be imme-
diately removed to a cooler temperature to harden.
By propagating so early in the season they will make
plants nearly as good as those struck in the autumn,
by bedding-out time.

The Spring Garmen will now require but little
aHcntion, beyond keeping every part strictly clean
and in perfect oider, which the late stormy weather
has given plenty of occasion ior. Should severe
weather suddenly occur, after so mild a season, it will
be necessary to altjrd tender growing plants, as well
as bulbs just emerging from the ground, slight pro-
Icclion of some kind ; and as nnny of the beds of
r^xnsies, \'ioIas, Polyanthus, and riimroses are even
now partially in flower, eveiy means should be taken
to preserve their beauty at this season, when every
outdoor plant has additional charms.

Tiiii: Heriiaceous and Ro^k Gardens.— All
rearrangements and transplanting in these departments
should now be finished, but where, from any cause,
they have been delayed, every effort should be made
to complete ihem as quickly as pos'^ible before severe
weather occurs, and in order to protect the roots from
injury a thick mulching of half-decayed manure or
leaves should be placed on the surface as the work
proceeds. The pruning of a few of the hardier kinds
of Roses, or such as are trained against walls where
the young shoots can the more easily be protected,
may now be done, but not to any great extent, as it
is safer to delay the greater part of this work till
somewhat later in the season. T. S. C,

Peas and Beans.— The present is a good time
to make an early sowing of Peas in 3-inch pots three
parts filled with light garden soil. Put about a dozen
Peas into each pot, covering them with soil ; then
put the pots into a forcing house, and when the
plants have made 2 inches of growth remove them to
a cooler and airier house, where they must be gradu-
ally hardened off previous to planting out on a warm
border later on. For this crop we shall sow Day's
Early Sunrise, Sutton's Emerald Gem, Ringleader,
William I., and Webb's Wordsley Wonder, all excel-
lent varieties, and from which we usually gather
about the third week in May. Concurrently with
this sowing there should be one made out-of-doors
in well prepared ground of the following varieties, in
rows running north and south, and from 6 to 10 feet
apart (the intervening space being planted with two
to four rows of Cauliflowers later on), viz , Sunrise,
Ringleader, Wordsley Wonder, Laxton's Supreme,
or Dickson's Favourite, and Carter's Telephone.
In reference to early Peas I should advise a sowing
of Sutton's American Wonder and Sutton's Bijou
Peas to be made in 3 inch pots, either for planting in
pits or shifting into S-inch pots later on for yielding
early gathering of Peas. These varieties, being very
dwarf (12 to 15 inches high), are therefore very suit-
able for pot and pit cultivation. There should also
be made a sowing of Seville Long-pod Beans in
boxes for transplanting in a favourable situation
out-of-doors, when it is considered safe to do so.
At the same time there should be a sowing made in a
south border at 3 feet between the rows : these, like
the Peas, will make a good succession to those
raised in pots and boxes. Peas which were
sown out-of-doors at the end of October or early in
November, will now require to have a little soil
drawn to them, after which they can be staked (put-
ting some short spray slicks between the longer ones),
and on the approach of severe weather some Spruce
boughs should be stuck firmly in the ground on either
side of the rows, which will prevfnt them from being
injured. See that mice and birds, which interfere
with the Peas, are at once destro)ed by some means.

Herb Beds. — See that these, together with quarters
of Spinach, Cabbages, Onions, ^-ralks, 5:c., are kept
free of weeds, and that a surface-dressing of leaf-mould
is laid on beds of Mint and Tarragon, which prevents
the roots getting frost-bound in the event of frost
setting in ; and let good order and judicious manage-
ment be observed throughout this department.

Forcing Department.— Maintain a bottom and
top-heat of from 60" to 70' in Asparagus frames,
and should it be likely to fall below this, the
linings should be freshened by the addition of ferment-
ing material, a good heap of which should be kept
in reserve for this and other purposes, for any-
thing like a stagnant growth wouldbe prejudi-
cial to the quality of the produce, Ventilate

the frames in accordance with the condition of the
beds, the stage of growth at which the occu-
pants of each frame may have arrived, and the
weather. These remarks aie also applicable to pits
and frames which have been recently planted with
Potatos, and sown with Carrots and Radishes.

French Beans, when they Iiave grown a few
inches above the rim of the pot, should be top-dressed
with soil of the same temperature as that in which
they are growing, and have the points of the shoots
pinched out, and weak liquid manure given to the
roots when the plants are podding, will tend to the
production of finer Beans. Damp the plants over-
head with tepid water on line days, and make sue-
cessional sowings at short intervals — in quantity ac-
cording to the accommodation for their growth and de-
mand for the same— so as to maintain a regular supply.

Mushroom-house, — I need hardly observe that so
long as the Mushrooms grow sufficiently fast to meet
the demand for them, it will not be necessary to turn
the hot- water on in the pipes, or to apply atmospheric
moisture in the house, futher than damping the sur-
face of the beds with tepid water in the event of their
getting dry. In the event of its being necessary to
warm the pipes to maintain a minimum temperature
of about 50'' tepid water should he distributed over
the floor and walls, so as to keep up a humid atmo-
sphere in the house. Woodlice are usually very
troublesome and destructive in the damp and dark-
ness of Mushroom-houses, and the readiest way of
eradicating these pests is to pour boiling water out of
a long-spouted watering-can along the sides and ends
of the beds, especially between the latter and the
walls, where they congregate as soon as daylight is
let in upon them, and which is the best time to apply
the boiling water — that makes short work of them.
If. W, Ward, Longford Casth, Wilts.

A MOIST BOTTOM FOR POT

PLANTS.

The old-fashioned sloping plant stage, with its
tiers of shelves one above another, is now happily all
but a thing of the past ; the wide and often lofty
character of the majority of the houses in which
plants used to be grown necessitated some means of
getting them elevated sufficiently near the roof to
keep them from getting weak and spindly, and made
the old stage a necessity. But for far the greater
number of the kinds of plants in cultivation a stand-
ing medium of this description was anything but con-
ducive to their well-being ; so placed there was an all
but absence of the health giving moisture rising from
the surface of the ground amongst the leaves to which
the plants are subject in a state of Nature, and which
is so essential to their well-being during the growing
season. The majority of the plants subject to pot
culture are naturally low-growing, having their
heads immediately under the influence of the mois-
ture that rises from the ground. The worst
effects of the dry air continually playing through
the foliage when stood on high open stages, are seen
in the way it favours the increase of insects, such as
red-spider and thrips, that multiply and revel in the
absence of the moisture present on the under-surface
of the leaves, where plants are stood on a moist
bot'om, or only elevated a little above it. The
different state of the leaves where plants are stood
under the opposite conditions may be easily seen by
any one taking the trouble to examine them in a
morning before the admission of air has dried the
atmosphere of the house; in one case the under-sides
will be found covered wi'h a dew-like moisiure, so
objectionable to the in^^ects named, and which on
many plants confine their presence lo the under-sur-
face of the leaves. In the other, the whole will be
quite dry, affording just what these destructive pests
like. With plants that are grown for the beauty of
their leaves, such as Dracaenas, Croton«, and the many
other things now so much required, it is impossible
to have them in presentable condition unless they are
quite free from insects, and all such things as these
should be kept constantly with the pots stood on
some sort of moisture-holding material, like fine coal
ashes, or something that will hold a moderate am mnt
of moisture. A persistent use of the syringe will no
doubt do much to keep down the insects in question,
but prevention is better than cure, added to which,
where plants are subject to moisture rising amongst
them, the growth made will be much more and of
a very different character to that which is possible in
dry stages, even if they are close and do not admi*. a
current of air through them.

8l2

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(Decembek 27. 1S84.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

{Sale of Pyramidal and Dwarf-tr.iined Fruit
I rces, O^nifcrs. Gladu.li. and Border
Planis, Lilies, Roses. Sc. at Stevens'
Rooms.
1 Sale of Tuberoses, at Prothcroe & .Morns

Thursday, Ian. 1 ^ Sale"""' Acrides Sanderiana, at Stevens'

f fiooms
_ , t Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &

Friday, Jan 2 | j,^,,,^. k'^„.

IT is a question whether periods of depression
do not entail more work than those in which
trade and commerce are in a more flourishing
state. On all sides we hear of commercial
depression. We know our landed proprietors
and our agricultural friends cannot be flourish-
ing, and other industries are likewise depressed.
Turning to our own immediate department we
see increased work in almost every direction,
but no very dispiriting signs. It certainly has
been one of the busiest of horticultural seasons,
and when the time comes to form a fair esti-
mate of the value of the results gained we do
not doubt that 1884 will be found to have been
productive quite up to the average.

The weather has generally been favourable
to our pursuits ; the winter was mild, the
spring genial, on the whole, but destructively
cold in the middle and later part of April,
the summer very unlike the proverbial
" three fine days and a thunderstorm," the
autumn — barring an unusually low rainfall —
propitious, the winter, so tar, favourable. Busi-
ness has, at any rate, not been so slack as in
some other departments, though necessarily we
hear of establishments being reduced and the
demand for unskilled labour in consequence
diminished. On the other hand, as in evidence
of the increasing diffusion of a taste for horti-
culture, we may mention the issue during the
year of no fewer than three new low-priced
horticultural periodicals.

The crops have, all things considered, been
good ; fruit was not abundant, but the quality
was excellent. No surprise need be felt at the
great scarcity of some fruits, and especially of
those kinds which were in bloom in the disas-
trous and long to be remembered week ending
April 25. Surprise may rather be felt that
any kinds of fruit which were unprotected should
have safely passed through such a trying ordeal,
for even where the deficiency of the crops is in
some instances attributed to drought, heat, cold
winds, and other causes, it is more than pro-
bable that the first and chief cause was the
destructive frosts which occurred throughout
the country about this time. The Potato crop
has been unusually large, and free from disease.

In London the gigantic success of the
" Healtheries" must leave its impress on our
craft, as on most others. Looking to the future,
we incline to the belief that the generally un-
attractive laboratories in the garret will produce
more lasting and beneficial results than most
of the other very heterogeneous departments of
the Exhibition, because the results there exhi-
bited will tend not only to the improved health
of the community, but will lead to a more
thorough investigation of the conditions under
which plants, like all other living creatures, can
best thrive and be protected against the myriad
forms of disease which affect them. To
thorough scientific investigation at the hands
of trained experts, in fact, we look in the future
for the basis of improvement. Experience and
common observation have practically yielded
all t*iey are likely to do, advance can only be
looked for by extending our experience and our
resources in the directions indicated. From
this point of view, the arrangements made for
theoretical and practical instruction in foreign
countries, as shown at the " Healtheries," were
most suggestive. We alluded to these in detail
at the time, and refer to the subject again
simply to enforce the necessity, for those who
have the means, to encourage by all the means

in their power the full scientific research into
the natural history of plants and animals, upon
which we are convinced the future of practical
cultivation depends. It ought to be enough to
recognise the fact that many foreign countries
are ahead of us in these particulars to stimulate
us to renewed efforts to maintain and improve
our position, even though the immediate results
may not be readily appreciated by the untrained
observers. We have a striking instance of this
in the case of the Potato disease, which has
occupied so much of our space. In spite of all
that has been written, there still remains much
that is a matter of controversy and dispute, and
there is no hope for a settlement of these ques-
tions and of an outcome of practical good till the
matter has been thoroughly sifted in the labora-
tory. No ordinary cultivator with the means
and appliances at his disposal can hope to do
much in this direction. It is the trained expert
to whom we must look, and the " Healtheries "
have, we believe, done much to bring this truth
home to the minds of those who in a general
way would hardly be capable of forming an
adequate conception of what is needed. That
hopeful results may be obtained in the direc-
tion we have alluded to is shown amongst other
things by the papers on the gumming of fruit
trees, the nature of canker and the hybridisation
of the Potato which we have published.

In connection with the "Healtheries" a series
of shows of fruits and vegetables was held which
were very successful, and which must have
been useful as showing to some extent in what
directions the British farmer might look for
some, at any rate partial, amelioration of his
condition.

The great Forestry Exhibition in Edinburgh
was another feature of the year, and one which
can hardly fail to leave its impress on both the
scientific and practical aspects of forestry, and
will serve, it is to be hoped, in laying the
foundation of adequate Schools of Forestry in
which matter also we are far behind our neigh-
bours.

Of purely horticultural shows the Great
Exhibition at St. Petersburg, got up mainly by
the untiring diligence of Dr. Regel, may be men-
tioned as, in its way, the event of the year. Dundee
celebrated with ecdt a great International
Show, and our neighbours at Ghent have paid
us the compliment of imitating our Floral and
Fruit Committees. A " Daffodil Conference "
at South Kensington was a great success from
a popular point of view, and was productive of
more permanent results in the successful at-
tempt made to reform and give system to a
nomenclature which had become cumbrous and
absurd.

New plants have been introduced, and addi-
tions to our knowledge of old ones have been
made, in which we may claim to have played
our part, and which will be passed in fuller
review on another occasion.

Great efforts have been made to augment the
reserve fund of the Gardeners' Royal Benevo-
lent Institution to such an amount that the
present meagre pensions may be increased, and
perhaps a larger number of pensioners admitted
yearly. We are deeply gratified to find that, at
any rate, the first of these objects has been
attained, and that to a large extent by the efforts
of the gardeners themselves. This is the more
important as they have as a class been
accused of lukewarmness in the matter. But
this accusation can now be refuted, and we
have every hope that the generous offer of
^500, offered by an anonymous donor on cer-
tain conditions, will now be carried into effect.

Horticultural literature, so far as works of
standard value are concerned, is not in a satis-
factory state. Most of the books published are
mere compilations from other sources, and not
of a nature to become standard works. So far as
the scien:ific basis of horticulture is concerned.

mist of these books are half or a who'e century
behind the day. Among the mire impTrtant
botanical books completed durin.j the ye.ir, the
migriificent Pinilu n Bi-i ainicwii may be men-
tioned. A translation of De B\RY's great work
on Plant Anatomy has been published ; Dr.
Hogg's Fruit Mann il has reached another and
greatly extended edition. Mr. B.\RRON's Apple
Report is sure to be of permanent value. A
fourth edition of Heni'REY'S Elementary Course
of Botany, so far as its limits go, affords a brief
summary of the present state of botanical know-
ledge. Mr. W. G. Smith has published a very
useful little book on the diseases of plants, M.
CORREVON has issued a treatise on the culture
of alpine plants, which will be valued by lovers
of these plants. A translation of M. DE C.\N-
DOLLE'.s Origine des Plantes Cullivees places in
the hands of the student the most complete
account of the history of cultivated plants yet
published. M. BOISSIER'S invaluable Flora
Orientalis has been brought to a conclusion.
Baron voN Mueller's Eucalyptographia pro-
gresses steadily, and promises to be one of the
most carefully exhaustively treated works which
its unwearied author has undertaken. Dr. As.\
GR-W has given us another volume of his
Synoptical Flora, which, so far from satiating us,
makes us cry for more ; Herr Antoine, of
Vienna, has commenced the issue of a magni-
ficently illustrated history of culiivated Brome-
liads— the only objection we can make to which
is its unwieldly size.

The obituary record is in all senses heavy.
Botany has lost its greatest exponent in this
country, so far as classification is concerned, in
the person of the venerable George Bem-
THAM, who happily lived to see the completion
of the gigantic work which he had undertaken
in conjunction with Sir Joseph Hoorer. We
have also had to mourn the loss of George
Engelmann, a naturalised inhabitant of the
United States, to whom we were indebted for
our fullest knowledge of Conifers and other
orders. The venerable Professor Balkour, so
successful as a teacher, has also gone to his
rest. Voelcker the agricultural chemist, has
been taken away too soon. In the death of
Isaac Anderson-Henry horticulture ex-
perienced one of its most severe losses, though
at a time of life when such an event must
naturally have been expected. Not so was
it with John Henry Mangles, an enthusiast
whose loss to the Royal Horticultural Society
•«\\\ not easily be replaced. Mr. Parker-
Hamond's death creates a great void in
our list of planters and tree-lovers. France
has suffered a similar severe blow in the
death of the courteous and learned Presi-
dent of the National Horticultural Society,
M. Alphonse LavallEe, whose labours in
the cause of dendrology and arboriculture wil
not soon be forgotten. Singularly enough the
great Horticultural Society of Massachu-
setts has had to bear a similar loss, in the
decease of its President, Mr. Hayes. Not
so widely known perhaps svere Henry Bohn,
Gray, A. Maule, the ingenious experimenter
and original observer, of Bristol ; Fkndler,
the botanical collector ; Shearer, of Vester ;
JUDD, Speed of Chatsworth— all well known to
florists, and others who in their several depart-
ments will be sorely missed. The numerous
readers who have been charmed with the
delightful " Notes from a Lancashire Garden,''
published in these columns, will have reason to
mourn the loss of an elegant scholar and an
agreeable writer in the decease of Mr. H. A.
Brigh 1'. The scanty ranks of British landscape
gardeners have been sorely weakened by tii
death of Mr. Milner, a worthy pupil of Pax
ton's.

Such losses are, in a sense, irretrievable, the
band is for the time weakened, but happily there
is no fear for the future. Horticulture .inc
botany are progressing and likely to progress,

December 27, 1X84.)

^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

8-3

not perhaps in the old lines in which our lost
ones achieved such success, but in other depart-
ments in which a biilliant future seems lo be
dawning. A spirit of thankfulness and hope
rather than of discoura.jeinent would thus seem
to be most appropriate to the close of one
year and the opening of another.

« year a:

Vegetaule Tekatology." — The English
edition of Dr. Masters' work has been out of print
for some years. A German translation is now in
progress by Mr. Udo Dammann, with numerous notes
and additions by Professors Caspary and Maonus.

Purveyors of Roses to Royalty. —

Messrs, William Paul & Son, of WaUham Cross,
have lately received a Royal warrant appointing them
Rose growers to Her Majesty.

The University of London. — The

degrees conferted by this body are held in the highest
esteem, but although this is the case the University
has not obtained in the public mind the degree of
importance which the high character of its examina-
tions demands. By some this is attributed to the
fact that the University is an examiniog body only,
and that consequently there is less esprit de corps
among the undergraduates and graduates, less
sympathy between the authorities and candidates,
and between examiners and teachers, than there
should be. In consequence, a movement has been
set on foot to establish, either separately or conjointly
with the present University, a teaching University, in
which the standard of tuition shall be as high as that
of the examinations is already. In the medical school
in particular, the practical tuition in science — always
excepting the clinical teaching of medicine and surgery
— is generally defective. The scientific teaching is too
commonly confined to lectures without any sufficient
practical tuition. How this works in the case of
botany is seen in the examination-room, where the
candidates (not only from medical schools but from
almost all sources), come primed with text-book know-
ledge, but in which the use of such simple tools as a
pocket lens, a dissecting needle, or a dissecting micros-
cope is oftenall but unknown except to a limited number
of candidates who have enjoyed special opportunities.
This points to a defect in the teaching arrangements,
which the new University would no doubt remedy,
so as to ensure generally as good practical teaching as
is now to be had at Cambridge, South Kensington,
and a few other places, but which is not available for
the majority of London students.

The Dryness of the Past Season. —

How dry the ground became during the past summer
was shown at Gunoersbury Park in the course of root-
pruning a number of pyramid and standard fruit
trees. On throwing out ihe soil and getting down to
the roots the soil about them was found to be almost
dust-dry, and Mr. Roberts has deemed it expedient
to thoroughly saturate the soil with water after the
pruning is completed, and before the soil is put back.
And if this has happened in the open, how dry must
be the soil in groves and other places where the over-
head foliage is dense, and where but little of the
present rainfall can penetrate. Ditches, ponds, and
brooks are still very low for the season, and it is
instructive to note how quickly the water passes away
after a heavy fall. In a day or two the highways are
comparatively firm and dry, and very different to
what is seen at this season of the year. We require
a lot of rain yet — the sooner it comes the better.

The Orange in New South Wales. —

In 18S3 the colonial orangeries produced S, 102,658
dozen, or nearly one hundred million Oranges, the
greater portion of which was equal to the finest fruit
of southern Europe.

The Germination of Ferns.— The little

green scales which issue from the spores of Ferns when
they germinate are known to most Fern lovers. It is
not so generally known that the sexual organs, male
and female respectively, are placed on the lower surface
of these scales, and that the new Fern frond is the pro-
duct of the union between the male and female element
effected on thegreen scale orprothallium. Hence, in an
ordinary Fern we have the fully developed frond with
its spore cases and their contained spores. This con*
stitules one stage of the plant's existence. Another

stage is constituted by the germination of the
spore and (he formation of the prolhallium with
its male (mthcridia) and female orgms (arche-
gonia). This much has been known for nearly
(orty years. Ten years a^o it was discovered that in
some cases buds, analogous to the bulbils found on
the fronds of Asplenium viviparum, &c., were pro-
duced from the prothallus without sexual agency.
Latterly Mr. Druery has made the curious dis-

I J M

S'"^i

T-

' i'l^

tv/#-

',^

1 '" 'mw,

FiG. 141.— PINUS JEFFKEVI.

t'ltin a sketch of a CaU'orman specimen, by Sir Joseph Hoaker.

covery that prothaliia bearing sexual organs are some-
times produced on the spore-bearing frond as a meta-
morphosis of the spore-case ; and still more recently
Mr, Bower has discovered among Mr. Druery's
Ferns specimens in which the sexual organs have
been formed on prothaliia produced direct from the
frond without the intervention of spores or spore-case.
This simplification of the arrangements tends to show
that the sexual organs are not originally so sharply

marked oil from the vegetative as is sometimes
supposed.

National Auricula and National

Carnation and Ticotbe Socilty (Souihern
Scciion), — The exhibitions of these Societies will
be held, by arrangement with the Council of
the Royal Horticultural Society, in the gardens
of the Society at South Kensington — the Auri-
cula on April 21, the Carnation and I'icotee on
July 2S. .April 21 is not a committee day of the
Royal Horticultural Society, and an effort was made
to tix the exhibition lor April 28, but failed, owing
to that date having been previously appropriated by
the Council of the Royal Botanical Society of Man-
chester. A meeting of the joint committee of both
Societies will be held, by permission, in the conser
vatcry at South Kensington, on Tuesday, January
13, after the various committees have completed their
work. The principal business will be to pass the
rules for exhibitors, and to arrange and sanction the
printing of schedules for 1SS5.

Rose Show Fixtures for 1885. -The

National Rose Society will hold a Rose Show at the
Royal Horticultural Society's garden, at South Ken-
sington, on July 8, and at Manchester, on July ii.
There will be shows held at the Crystal Palace, July 4 ;
at Sutton, on July 8 ; and at Canterbury, July 27.

Carai'A guianensis. — The three or lour

species belonging to this genus are recorded as having
been imported to this country, but probably the above-
mentioned is the only one in cultivation here now.
In its native country it attains a height ol 60 feet, and
is of some economic value on account of its medicinal
properties ; but in British gardens its value lies in the
large pinnately compound leaves. The leaflets are of
an intensely gieen colour and of a leathery texture
when fully developed, but during their progress from
the bud state to the maximum size they appear of a
glowing red or scarlet. This property compensates
lor the want of showy flowers which are small and in-
conspicuous although numerous in all the species. In
the Palm-house at Kew, where some large specimens
are grown, one has been flowering for some time.
The panicles are axillary, and bear yellow Sowers
stained with red.

Tomatos. — It is often said that people may

get used to anything, in the matter of what they eat
included, and there is no denying the fact that an
acquired taste is necessary to make some things at all
palatable— Tomatos to wit. The flavour of this vege-
table is so different to that of everything else, and
until recent times it was comparatively so little
known, that there was little demand for them, yet
the way that people take to eating the juicy red
fruit, raw or cooked, after a few trials of it, is surpris-
ing. In proof of this it is only necessary to point to
the immense quantities now cultivated in England,
besides those brought from other countries. We hear
that Mr. Ladds, the leviathan grower, sent as much
as 20 tons per week to market during the height of
the season. The summer through which we have
just passed, like the preceding, has been unusually
favourable to the growth of Tomatos in the open
ground ; continuous sunshine favoured the growth of
the plants and the ripening of the fruit, whilst the
dry condition of the air kept away the dread Potato
disease, which is usually alike fatal to Tomatos. Mr.
Ladds has been very successful in the two past sum-
mers with Tomatos in the open, the 6 or 7 acres he
has this summer grown have yielded immense quan-
tities for seven or eight weeks. Yet the outdoor culti-
vation of Tomatos is a risky aft'iir ; the labour involved,
breadth for breadth, is quite as great as under glass,
whilst the length of time the plants yield in the open
air, even in the best seasons, is comparatively short to
that of the plants when well managed under glass.

Publications Received. — The GoUen

Centre Anmcal, Cassell & Co. — Illuslratcd
Monthly Alagazine. ViCK, New York. — Youn^
England,

Gardening Appoint.mexts.— Mr. Edward

Jones, late Foreman at Sandon Hall Gardens, has
been appointed Head Gardener to V. A. Eyre, Esq.,
Lindley Hall, Nuneaton. — Mr. E. B. Jones has
been appointed Head Gardener to W. T. Craw-
SHAY, Esq., Cyfarthfa Castle, Merthyr Tydvi!.

8i4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, iSy4.

I'INUS JEFFREYI.

DuKiiNG ray visit to the coniferous forests of ihe
Vv'estern United States with my friend Professor -v-a
Gray, io 1S77, I made an attempt to sketch the rr.o»t
characteristic specimens of the various species of
Abietineffi, &c., that I met with on our journeys with
the view of oll'ering thera to the Gardeners^ Chronicle,
A press of duties, and more urgent calls on my time
supervening on my return, and never intermitted since,
have prevented my putting my intentions into
execution till now, when, other reasons having re-
quired my giving up some time to the study of
Coniferje, I find myself able to realise my project.

The first sketch I have to offer (fig. 141 ) is that of whit
I regarded as a characteristic young specimen of Pinus
fetfreyi, a species much confounded with P. ponderosa,
Douglas, or Benthamiana, llartweg, but which I
have always found to be distinguishable by its
spare habit, smoother, darker bark, which is not cut
up into projecting plates with deep intervening
fissures, its sparse and darker green foliage, and
glaucous young shoots, Engelraann, in his Revision 0/
Ihc Genus Pinus (p. 21), regards it as a variety of
1'. ponderosa, with the reservation that " it may claim
speciiic recognition." I am disposed to reverse this
verdict, and regard it as a species that may prove to
be a variety. I found that the woodmen in California
distinguished them, the P. ponderosa being called the
Vellow Pine, and thejefireyi. Black Pine— preference
being given to the wood of the former. I am, how-
ever, far from putting too much confidence in the
powers of discrimination of woodmen, or in their
nomenclature ; in which respects they are perhaps
not much less accurate than botanists inexperienced
in woodcraft. The cones of Jeffreyi are usually
described as being larger than those of ponderosa,
but I think this arises from imperfect information,
for some of the largest cones I saw on either species
were in forests of ponderosa, on the west flanks of the
Sierra Nevada, where the trees were of superb growth
and in a wealth of foliage that I had not elsewhere
met with.

The tree of which the accompanying sketch is
given, grew at 7000 feet elevation on the Silver
Mountains, a section or group of the Sierra Nevada
of California, in lat. 39° N., and on the eastern
slopes of the range, which, according to Sargent's
Catalogue of tin Forest Trees of North Ai/ieriea, is on
its assigned range. This author describes it as a
variety of P. ponderosa, occurring principally along
the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, about 5000
feet elevation, as attaining a height of 200 feet,
with a trunk 10 to 15 feet in diameter, growing often
in the most arid situations. I did not meet with
specimens approaching these proportions.

As an object for cultivation in England, P. leffteyi
is in every way inferior to its near ally ; and v/hatever
may be thought of its claim to botanical distinction,
there is I think no doubt but that, whereas a well
grown P. ponderosa is a very handsome object, the
best leftreyi that I have seen is scarcely an ornament.
•y. b. Hool;er.

{To be coiiiinued.)

toptss' JlaW^l'fi

roLYAN'TiiuSDS, GoLD-LACED. — The nuiiieroua en-
f|uiries that are being made about, these serve to show
that they are being grown much more numerously
than is supposed. There is an awakened interest in
them, and so it h that the pendulum swings back
again into its old position, and old loves are revived,
A few years ago it was almost feared that line old-
named sorts were altogether lost ; but here and there
a grower in a quiet way held a coHection, and time
has enabled some sorts that were scarce to become
more numerous. Lord Lincoln remains very scarce
and dear ; so does the true form of Pearson's Alexan-
der, which is said to be in the North ; but George IV.,
Lancer, Prince Regent, Cheshire Favourite, and
President, all good and useful show varieties, can be
had at moderate prices. Kxile is scare:, and Lanca-
shire Hero also. The common kinds, such as Bar-
nard's Formosa, Sir Sidney Smith, and William IV.,
are cheap enough. Barlow's Model is undoubtedly
one of the best of the newer varieties -. when caught
in good condition it is near perfection, but the flowers

do not open kindly at times. It was feared that
Mr. Barlow had lost his beautiful old Sunrise, but he
yet retains a few plants . There are other new varieties
in the Lancashire districts of which we shall no doubt
hear more when the blooming time comes round.
There is no reason why the marvellous leap forward
which has been made wilh the Auricula should not
exiend to the gold-laced Pulyanthus ; but it will have
to be left to a great extent to the Lancashire Horists
to carry out the work. At this season of the year
Polyanthuses in pots will bear more moisture than
Auriculas. 'Sly own plants are in a frame facing the
north, the pots standing on a bottom of cocoa fibre.
They will also bear more moisture about the roots
than the Auriculas, or at least what is good fur the
Auriculas at this season of the year. All the old
growers recommended that the soil should be kept
well up to the shoulders of the plants, and one readily
perceives their reason for this — to induce the planis to
put forth fresh roots at the surface, I find it a good
plan at potting time to dispense with as much o( the
old tap-root as possible. What the grower should
aim at is inducing the putting forth of fresh roots near
the collar of the plant. I am further of opinion that
dryness at the roots causes more losses of plants in
winter and early spring than the opposite — at least
this is my own experience, for in my endeavours to
prevent harm from frost and the cracking of pots, a
kind of dry-rot has set in at the collar, and which
kills the plant. However, one can but try, though the
measure of success meted out too frequently (alls below
the measure of one's exertion. It will always be
diiticult to grow named gold-laced Polyanthuses in the
South for exhibition purposes, R, D,

Gladiolus, The ^vav>^.— Apropos to my remarks
as to the proper time of planting this charming
variety, the wisdom of which was doubted by "J. S.,"
I have now to say, that it is the practice of those who
grow this by the thousand to plant the corms in
autumn. One large market grower near London,
whose " wisdom " even "J. S." would not, I think,
call in question, had all his bulbs in the ground
nearly two months since, and I know of many
similar instances ; indeed, as I previously remarked,
there are many batches of bulbs in different parts of
the country which have stood unprotected three and
four years. Mr. Jenkins' remarks were very happy
as to the size of the corms, as many upon first making
its acquaintance have expressed surprise at the size of
the corms when compared with those of G. brench-
leyensis and the gandavensis series. A'.

NEW PLANTS CERTIFICATED

BY THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, iSS«,

\* EX., Botanicil Certijicitc ; F.C, Floral Certiftcatl ;
either feil^ e^ttal te a First-clizts CertifiitZ'c,

Abies Dauglasii glauci . . Veitch, June i8 — FJ-C.

Ac=rvalm,tun,roseum ■ ■ {^Ti^,^^t%^^ """' '^"'

,, ,, aureum .. .. | New PUnt and Bulb 0\,

\ May sr — B.C.
Adiantum cuneatum striatum J B. S. Williams, March 26-

„ rliodopliyllum ,. •• ' Veiich, Ma.ch =6-B.C,

„ Weigandii .. . Veich, June 18 — B.C.

Anrfronisda jiponica albo-mir-

giiiata .. Veitch, Jmie 18— B.C.

Anthuriuin Scliei/erianum

Cypheri Cypher, M:iv si— B.C.

Cattleya Mendelii majus .. Hiil, Juni i3 — B.C.

,, ,. margmata .. .. Snlter, May 21— B.C.

,, Schncleri .. .. Salter, June iS- B.C.

„ Trianac Leeana .. .. W. Lee, March z6~B.C.

Cro'.on Eracilliinus .. .. Laing & Co., June tS — B-T.

,, superbus .. .. .. Laing Js; Co., June 18— B.C.

Cypripsdium albo-purpureum Vciich, June i3 — B.C.

„ cardinale Veitch, June 18 — B.C.

„ ciliolare P. S. WilUim';, May 21— B.C.

,. Ciirtist B. S. WilHam?, June iS — U C.

,, Druryi B. S-Wiltiam-S, March 26- B.C.

,, iiibigne sylhslenre .. Veitch, April 23— B.C.

., Robeleni Cypher, May 31-B.C.

„ Schi<Lderi .. .. Vtilcii, June i3~B C,

., sclii^c.-mn iiitiiii .. Veitch, Jiiiie 18 — B.C

Dcndrobiuni Be^.s^Iliil: ilba .. Cypher, lune iS— B.C.

,. crisiinodij albA .. .. Cypher, June 18— B.C.

iJielTenbachia Jenin-iiun .. Veitch, March 26 — B.C.

I irosera aitriculata . . . . Vciich, June i8 — B.C.

Draoena latifoHa splendeiis .. \'eitch. June iS — B C.

Ficus tlastica albo varie(»ata.. Ker & Son, May \n — B.C.

Oymnogramma chrysophylla.. Veitch, June iS— B.C.

Kalmii latifolia Veitch, June 18— B.C.

K^ntia Lindciii ., . . . , B. S. Williams, April 33 — B.C.

Ljelia purpurata albo lilacina U. S. Williams, June 18— B.C.

Leschenaultia biloba major .. Halchin, June iS— B C.

I.eucothea Davihi .. .. Veitch. June 18 — B.C.

I.nmariopsis bu.\ifolia .. .. Veitch, June i3— B.C.

Masdevaliia Chelsoni .. .. Veitch, March 26— B.C.

„ Chelsoni W. Lee, March 26-B.C.

„ Schlimi W. Lee. March 2O -B.C.

Metrosideros fioribunda alba B. S. Williams. June 18 -B.C.
Muscari concinnum .. ..J- Douglas, March 26—6 C,
Odontoglossum Alcvandrae

amabile .. .. Veitch, June 18— B.C.

,, elegans jupcrbisiiima ,. Sander ix Co., May 21 — BC.

OUontoglossum macrospilum. .

,, mulus .. ..

„ fKfstedli

,, poKxjnthiim

„ WilckeanuHi Llttliii
O'lcidiu^ macranihum m3gni-
ticutn ..

,, iiii^ratum ..
Osmanthui rayrtifoliui
Plial,T;uopsis cast i
Phi| 'd-^iidron craiididens
l'ii/ll,i-ithus subemariiuali , .
pLychospeinta Seenianni
.Sirracenia Flanibeau ..

,, Miiche liaua x . .

,, Toilianax

H. S. Williams, March 26— B.C.
lames May 21— B.C.
W. Le-. March 25-B.C.
James, May 21 — B.C.
Hill, March 26-B.C.

Salter, J me i3— B.C.
Veitch, June i8 — li.C.
Veitch. June »S-B C.
AMous, .V^ril (3 -B.C.
Veitch, Jane .8— H C.
\eitch. June iS— B.C.
U S. William^. April 2„
B. S Wdliam.. Jiine i5 - B L
M S. Williams April 23 — 1; (
1:. S. WUlUms, April 23- i: l

H C.

FLORAL CERnFIC.\TES.

Amaryllis Admiration ..

,, Colonel Bumaby

,, Madonna . , . .

„ Mrs Hibberd ..

„ Mis. Heed

,, Princess of Wales

„ Sir R. Culler ..

„ W. Lee

Auricula General Gordon

,, Mrs. Moore

„ S. W. Hewitt ..

„ Yorkshire Hero ..

,, Azalea indica Antigon:

,, La Merveilleuse . .

,, indica Souvenir de Matie
Rossel

,, ,, Paul de Sch-yvcr ..
Begonia albi plena

,, Distinction

,, General Gordon . .

,, Hercules .,

,, Her M;tjesty

,, Lady Chesterfield

„ Lord Che;,terfie!d

,, Lord Crewe

,, Mr. A. Forbes ..

,, Mrs. Weekes

,, Rose Laing

„ T. Hewitt

,. W. Spioks
Caladium Baron James d =
Rcthschild . .

,, L'Aurore

,, Mitzana

Carnation Mary Monls
Cineraria Beadsman ..

,, Lotti; Williamson

„ Mrs Arden

„ Pioneer

,, Princess Ida

„ Princess of Wales

„ Sir F. Roberts . .

,, Venu5
Croton Flambeau

,, musaicus . .

,, Sunrise
Cyclamen Dame Blanche

„ Hillingdon Rival

„ Purity

,, Rose Queen

„ rubrum gig^nteum
Gloxinia Beauty

,, Brunette . .

„ G, Anier

,, Mrs. Coomber . .
Hyacinth Harlequui ..

,, Lord Derby

,, Mmerva

Pelargonium G. Shepherd

,, H.arvester

,, (fancy) Magnate

„ (fancy) Man-at-.'\inii , .
Rose Ktendaid dejeane d'Afj
Syriaga Lemoineana ..

^3. F.C

=3-F.C

June iS-

-K.C.

May 21-

-K.C.

Miy 21—

-v.v.

lune iS-

-KC.

May 21-

-K.C.

May 21-

-K.C

May 2t-

-K.C.

JUQC 18-

-K.C.

May 21-

-K.C

May 21-

-K.C.

June l3-

-Ft;.

May 2(-

-K.C.

June 18-

-K.C.

Veitch, April 73 — K.C.
V^iitch, March 26— F.'.".
Veitch, March 26-F.C.
\'eitch, March 26— F.C.
Paul & Son, April 23- F.C.
Vftitch. April 23 -F.C.
Veitch, March 26 — F.C.
B. S. Williams. June tij-F.C.
J. Douglas, March 26 — F.C.
J. Douglas, March a6— F C.
J, I^jubIis, Marcha6— F C.
J. Douglas, March 26— K.C.
'rurner, April 23— F.C.
Veitch, March 26— F.C

Rossel, April
Veitch, April
Laing I'c Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing ^ Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co ,
Laing ^^ Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co.,
Laing & Co.,
I.aiug& Co., ,

Laing & Co., May 21— K.C.
Laing & Co., May 21 — F.C.
Laing & C)., May 21 — F.C.
Veitch, Jun-: iS-F C.
James, April 23 — F.C.
James, March a6— F.C.
James, March 26— F.C.
James, April 23— F.C.
James, April 23 - K.C.
lames, March 26 — F.C.
James, March 26— F.C.
James, March 26— i.C.
Ker Si. Son, May ct — F.C.
Ker iV Son, May 21— t .C.
Ker Sc Son, May 21 — F.C.
Smith. March 26— F.C.
Hill. April 23-F.C
Hill, March 1-5— F.C,
Hill, March 26— F.C.
Hill, April 23-F.C.
Laing & Co., May 21 — K.C.
Veitch. June iS— F.C.
Laing & Co., May 21— K.C.
Laing & Co., May 21 — F.C.
Veitch, March 26— K.C.
Veitch, March 2u— F.C.
Veitch, March 26— F.C.
Hill, May 21— F.C.
Hill, May 21— K C.
Foster, June 18— F.C.
Foster, June i3— F.C.
W. Paul&Son. May ai — K.C.
Lemoine, April 23 — F.C.

THE SWEET CHESTNUT.

The fruit of the Sweet Chestnut has ripened this
year better than usual, and seed for planting will no
doubt be obtained in large quantities from the
southern counties. As the Chestnut needs only to
stand two years in the nursery rows, as it grows very
rapidly when young, and attains greater value in suit-
able soils as a coppice wood than any other tree, the
abundance of seed will prove a boon both to the nur-
seryman and planter.

But the Chestnut, though it has been known and
grown in this country from time immemorial is
not a native tree, and its timber is not of great
utility except when it is young. As a tree of orna-
ment, however the " tufted Chestnut " has long
been held in the highest esteem. It graces the land-
scapes of Salvator Rosa, and, although it is not the
timber tree of our woods, as in Calabria, it forms
one of the chief embellishments of some of our noblest
parks. It is found everywhere as an ornament,
generously provided by our predecessor^;, the planters
of former limes. I can necessarily only mention a
few places where I have observed the Chestnut on
such sites as it delights in, as, for instance, at ("obham
I'ark, Cowdray, Croft < astle, and Inverary. Most
persons will remember to have seen the Chestnut
trees in Greenwich I'ark, or near the Magazine in
Hyde Park, in a soil which would grow them better
and bigger if it were deeper.

Some of the largest Chestnuts I have measured arc
in the deep rich warm loam of liurgh Gate, Ilascomb,
Surrey, where several of the trees have attained a

December 27, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

815

girlh of 19 feet and 20 feet at 5 feet from the
ground.

A number of places might be mentioned in Surrey
ami Sussex where the best soil of the Upper Urcrn-
S'.nd has been washed down in'.o hullows and shel-
tered spots such as the Chestnut delij^ht in, andwlicie
it ornimenls ni.iny a noble pirk. Throughout the
whole of that charming tract of hill and valley, poor
above on the hills and rich below in the vales, lying
between K:dhi!l and Llui dfor ', under shelter of the
North Downs, Chestnuts are f^uite at home. The
loams ot Dorking have their specimens. Evelyn's
wouii and park at Wition, though on poor ground
generally and planted accordingly with lieech, c.sn-
tains some good specimens ; on the best land near the
trout stream in the bottom, and lour miles lower down
the valley, at Albury I'aik, which is watered by ihe
same stream, and where I'velyn planted the famous
\ ew hedge, numerous handsome Chestnuts show Iheir
fondness for a sheltering hill, and for the loams of
S'jrrcy when they are not too poor.

Ill that part of the domain at (.ioodwood which
once formed a separate park, attached to llalnaker
House (now a ruin), on cool t'eep soil upon chalk,
there is a tine avenue of Che-jtnuts, and some single
trees of great size. I measured several iS feet in
girlh, and one, at the south-west corner of the park,
proved to be 20 feet 10 inches at 4 feet from the
ground, having a trunk undivided to a height of
20 feet, and a spread of branches extending 84 feel.
There are larger Chestnuts, but seme of those we
meet with, e?peciallyin books, have not been measured
quite fairly.

The great tree at Torlworlh in Gloucestershire
has been reported " 57 feet in circumference,"
which, if it refer to the spread of the branches, is
very little ; if to the trunk, fairly measured at several
feet above the ground, is impossible ; and if to the
circumlerence at the ground, and including the
spreading spurs at the base, it means nothing, con-
vejing no true idea of the real size of the tree. The
Tortworth Chestnut is believed to have been planted
by the Romans, and to have been the first Chestnut
that grew on English soil. In the reign of King John
it was a boundary tree ; in that of Stephen it was
called the "great Chestnut of Tortworth." I have
mentioned the fondness of the Chestnut fur the Upper
Grcensand of .Surrey. The same formation spreads
around the tree-producing neighbourhood of Midhurst,
a parish in Sussex without compare for deep ianes,
delightful Walks, and soils of varied strength and
texture, deep Chestnut-growing loams, hard Beech-
beating sands, and others of silken texture, such as
Kerns delight in.

The greatest ornament of Lord Egmoni's park a!
Cowdray, adjoining the town of Midhurst, is the
Chestnut Avenue, locally called "The Race." In
Selby's capital bcok on Bii/iih Fores/ Tries, pub-
lished in 1S42, and containing descriptions of many
noted Chestnuts, the avenue at Cowdray is said to
consist of trees having an average girlh of 6 feet
and a height of 40 or 50 feet. They are now very
much bigger, many of the boles measuring 16 feet,
while the trees have attained a height Vvhich I
estimated on the spot at from 75 to Sj 'eet. The
trunks are tall, and they taper graduilly ; and as
this is a perfect avenue I may add that 14 yards
between the plants from row to tow, and ii yards
from plant to plant in the rows, are the proper
distances apart for the trees of an avenue of Chest-
nuts on rich land. There is a many-headed Chestnut
standing in the open park at Cowdray with a trunk
15 feet round, bearing two great boughs and many
lesser ones extending over a space round as Iving
Arthur's Table and 90 yards in circumference. The
liead ij perfectly globular, and is generally covered
with blossoming racemes about June l8.

As already noticed the limber of the Chestnut at
maturity is not so useful as the tree is ornamental,
and those roofs of old buildings in this country
and in France which were once supposed to be of
Chestnut have been found to consist of Oik, whose
timber in the course of time assumes the same dark
colour as that of the Chestnut. On the other hand
young Chestnut up to forty or fifty years' growth is
far more durable than Oak of the same age, contain-
ing a great deal more heart-wood, and hence the
great value of those unmixed underwoods of Kent and
Sussex where the Chestnut has been largely planted
in congenial soils for the production of hop-poles and
hoops. // E,

J4o/v1E j]0RRE3P0)NDEjNCE.

Gardeners and Salesmen. — As an oulsi<lcr in
ihe little dispute which has giown up sudlenly
between salesmen ill the London markets and lh:;ir
gardener clients, I have been much interested in
the evidence the dispute undoubtedly attords of the
widespread prevalence of practical market gardening
in our private establishments. The Iviul ft-ic market
grower who sinks bis cajiital in rent, glass, labour,
and many other cosily incidentals to market gardening
naturally views with apprehension the host of
private gardeners who enter the lists against him, and
do so from a verydillerenl standpoint, because they are
willing to accept any return so long as they can sliov
iheir employers something has been sold. If in their
experience they gel now and then taken in themsel ves,
the market grower chuckles and enjoys their outpourings
of spieen against their apparent natural enemies, the
market salesmen. I do not suppose that Covcnt
t.iarden any more than liiUingsgate or Smilhfield
enjoys a monopoly of honest dealers or agents ; but
I expect the vegetable, fruit, and ll-awer salesmen

lio. 142. — w.LUb' 1 i;ii' »\i;. (see 1'. 8^8.)

are, to use a common phrase, about as " good as they
make 'em," neither better nor worse. The private
gardeners, literally in shoals, send up to market
whatsoever ihey may have to spare, and always
imagine that the wealthy metropolis will be delighted
to purchase, and not only that but in consideration
of the fact that ihe things are from the gardens of seme
country proprietor who generously condescends to
allow his produce to be sent to Covent Garden, expect
that the price will be rather above the average.
Will the consigning and not less confiding gardener
ever learn the simple principle in social economy,
that the flooding of a market with goods means an
unprofitable return, whilst if the demand is great the
price or return is commensurate .-* Probably in many
cases the salesm.an can hardly give away the consign-
ments that flood his stand — things which just then no
one wants or cares to have : what wonder if the agent
guards himself against loss first ? If gardeners are
anxious to obtain a little of the gold which they seem
to think London streets are paved with, why do they
nut, before consigning to salesmen of their surplus
garden produce, first ascertain whether such things as
they may have are in demand, and what are the ruling
prices? Surely an inquiry made to any respectable
salesman would elicit a reply, and if some were not
respectable enough to send a reply then the intend-
ing consignor should be suspicious. I am not at all
sure that salesmen regard the irregular garden con-
signor with anything like esteem. He cannot be
relied upon when necessary. There are plenty of
gardeners who trade with Covent Garden in an almost

wholesale fashion j in fact, they are market growers
under the guise of private gardeners. Of course these
send their produce with regularity, and can be relied
upon to furnish what may be needed when a pinch
comes. These aU'.iys -^ct Ihcir prices as good, in
fact, for their employers — who pcihaps pay scarcely
any rales or taxes for their gardens, because it
is assumed that such gardens are maintained solely
fnr pleasure— as do the hotui t'l U market grower,
^^l■.o pays heavy rents, rates, and lues, and can only
live by very hard woik. Many private gardeners have
themselves as much to blame as iheir impecunious
employcis, ihat they become consignors of gaiden pro-
duce to maiket. They have dreamt of a London
ICIdorado, and find now in reality ihat all lhat glitters
is far from being gold. D.

Lilium candidum. — Great adiiiiions (all more or
less beautiful) have of late years been made to the
ornamental and well-known genus of Lilium ; not-
withstanding this the white Lily of our gardens holds
its place. It is perfectly hardy and will grow in any
ordinary garden soil. It is very useful lor indoor
decoration, and for this purpose it requires gentle
forcing. The roots should be potted early in the
autumn, and when potted they should be placed
in an open situation, where they may nmain until
frosty weather sets in, when they should be removed
to a cold frame or pit. Here they should remain
until the latter part of March, when part of them
should be put into a little heat, and watered carefully
until growth commences, when they will rcpiire a
little more w.iter. They will not require a great heat
to get them into flower ; the more moderate the
better, as they will flower liner and stronger in a
gentle heat. With a litlle care they will commence
flowering in the latter part of May, and continue
through June and the early part of July ; they will
last a considerable time in flower, and when done
they should be carefully planted in a reserve border.
The whole of the plants should not be put into heat at
one time, only a portion of them, then as the early lot is
beginning to go out of bloom the most forward lot
will be commencing to flower. Those who have large
quantities of cut flowers to provide during the early
summer months will do well to pot up and force this
beautiful Lily. U. Saul, Yetk.

Hot-watet Pipes and Tar.— I had from the
first thought of writing upon this subject in answer
to your correspondent, but as I was not quite sure of
the remedy, I did not do so, thinking that no doubt
others would be coming forward oltering theirs ; but
as they have failed, I am now induced to say that X
think the " Electric I'aint Remover," procurable
through an ironmonger, with directions for use, would
meet the case, as it has far superseded anything of the
kind, most effectually removing paint of the hardest
possi'ole kind and of many years' standing, and this I
know from experience, and had therefore thought
lhat, from its very strong chemical nature and easy
application, it would in all probability prove useful.
There would be no harm in trying il ; 2s. dd. thus
spent (the price of the smallest tin) might save a lot
of trouble and expense in the law courts. G. IV. A'.,
Godalmin^,

British Apples. — One or two errors in transpos-
ing notes made in reference to collections of apples
have furnished Mr. Miller with a fair opportunity
of airing a little geology, and of drawing con-
clusions in reference to subsoil.s which favour too
much the Old and New Red Sandstone formations. It
is hardly necessary for me to say that the geographical
and geological position of Treniham is matter of such
common knowledge, that when I sav; in Brilish
Apples New transposed into Old Red Sindatone, I did
not think it necessary even to draw the attention
of the compiler to the error, well knowing that
it was not likely to escape his notice if a second
edition of the report should be called for. There are
several misleading statements in Mr. Miller's geolo-
gical discursions that I should like to draw attention
to, as at some time I may have something to say in
reference to the effects of subsoils upon fruit and
fruit-trees. In describing Treniham Gardens as
resting upon " Permian beds of new red marl," he is
somewhat misleading. Any one acquainted with Ilie
New Red Sandstone formationwill be quite aware of the
abrupt transitions of subsoils (especially here, where we
are just within the coalfield) from rock to gravel, marl,
sand, "rotche," &c. ; and it so happens that the
kitchen garden here rests almost entirely on a bed of
laminated, somewhat micacious "rotche," which I
have found to be a most unsuitable subsoil for fruit
trees at all times, whilst the " new red marl " spoken
of is an excellent subsoil for fruit trees, where they
' happen to be planted on such even in this district.
There are several other statements in Mr. Miller's re-
suscitated geological impressions which require very
liberal translation. When he speaks of " Kingswoud
bank " as a " formation of pebble and conglomerate,"
this does not fitly describe mere beds of sand and

8i6

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 18R4.

immense heaps of gravel not permeiUed by any matter,
calcareous, siliceous, or ferrugineous, &c., capable of
binding sand and pebble tugether ; neiiher is he
very happy in speaking of ''the very hard white
freestone /mm the quarries at Hollingion." vx of the
posiiion of these quanies beint; in the Churnet valley.
If Mr. Miller can spare a day at any time I shall be
very happy to give him the opportunity of refurbishing
his geological knowledge of this locality. Z. Stevens,

Carter's Ashtop Fiuke Potato. — The following
reference to this Potato at the present time may
interest you. In a letter received this morning,
a nobleman's head gardener writes, in reply to a query
of mine — '* We have at different limes tried almost
every accessible early variety of Potato for frame
culture, and in raised boxes in the early vinery, and
this year are confining ourselves to the Ashtop Fluke,
and Myatt's (the true variety). Those in the hotbed
are progressing finely, and I am preparing to plant
the sets in the boxes." I had this variety myself
planted against a south wall in the end of February,
and fit Jor use the loth ot June. The crop was
heavier than Rivers' Ashleaf, a few days earlier,
while the flavour left nothing to be desired. Being
one of the earliest varieties, the rooks will make great
havoc among them if not protected. For forcing or
outdoor culture you will therefore be safe in recom-
mending this potato. W. J. Murphy, Clonmd.

Potato Cultivation. — There does not appear to be
much ditference between Mr. Jensen's way of growing
Potatos and that which I have practised for at least
five and thirty years, and which was originally pro-
posed by Mr. Bulton, gardener to Mr. Winn, of
Nostele Priory, as a means of lessening the liability of
the crop to disease. We grow them in rows a yard
apart, and set the plants a yard apart in the rows ;
the rows are first earthed-up in the ordinary way,
then ten days or a fortnight afterwards the haulm is
beat down into the trenches, and the earth between
the plants in the row is heaped on to the top of the
plant. Having tried it for more than thirty years, I
never had the least doubt about the Potatos thus
grown being less liable to disease than those grown
in the ordinary way, and they produce a crop at least
as heavy, generally heavier than those grown closer
and in closer rows, the only disadvantage being that
the individual Potatos are apt to grow too large in the
heaps — so large sometimes to be hollow in the middle.
I believe that when we first grew them thus the plan
was mentioned in the Gardeners' Chronkie. C.
Strickland.

Jasminum gracillimum. — This lovely white
sweet-scented plant has now been fairly admitted into
the list of good things worth growing in quantity for
winter cutting and decoration. At Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co.'s Clapton nursery a very large lot of it is
now in bloom. The plants, which are in 4S-sized
pots, are about i foot to i foot 6 inches in height,
bushy, compact, and well covered with bloom of such
beauty and fragrance that it may easily be conjectured
that they will not long remain on hand. At the same
nursery a fine lot of the greenhouse variety, J. grandl-
fiorum, is also in liloora, the plants being bushy and
good. The old jasminum hirsutum also retains its
place at Clapton as a good plant for winter work,
7. O'B.

Narcissus viridifiorus. ^It would be interesting
to know whether any one has succeeded in flowering
any of these bulb?, of which at least a hundred were
distributed about this time last year by Mr. G. Maw,
Besides these I distributed about fifty. The natural
time for their flowering is October or November.
The bulbs I reserved for myself, and planted under
various conditions, and treated with various degrees
of warmth, have none of them flowered, and hardly
any have attempted to grow. N. monophyllus, the
while Hoop-petticoat, imported from Algeria in the
summer, is showing many buds in the greenhouse.
C. IVolley Dod. [With us N. viridiflorus, in a pot
in a cold frame, has sent up merely a small green
"spire." Ed.]

Pancratium caribseum. — What a lovely variety
this is — from the West Indies, I learn. Its pure white
flowers are so fragrant, and most useful for bouquets
or table dressing — there are not many to compare with
it, if any to excel, its elegant style. I received one
good bulb from Mr. Bull in September last, which I
polled up in a small pot and finally gave a shift into
an 8 inch pot, with the pleasing results of a capital
spike with about fourteen flowers, open and opening.
Where praise is due praise should be given, and
this grand Pancratium well merits it. Thos. Gametic
Cavendish Gardens^ S. PV.

A Hint to Young Gardeners. — " F.," on p,

726, has brought before young girdeners the subject
of drawing. Now, I consider a thorough knowledge
of drawing is a necessary requirement of a gardener's
education. We seldom hear of mistakes being made

in garden buildings when the gardener is able to put
his ideas on paper in the form of a sketch. In
place of any pretension the gardener ought to be able
to do this, and by his bting able to do so he becomes
a more valuat)!e servant, and should command a
higher salary than usual ; and the young gardener who
knows a little of geometry is in all cases a better
workman than the one who does not. Many gar-
deners never require to prepare plans, and others do,
and some lose good situations because they cannot
lay out a plan when prepared by a landscape gardener.
I say, Young men, don't be found wanting. If
young gardeners could only know the loss they incur
by being too much in the village, spending olten their
evenings in the beer-shop, or frittering away their
time in a manner they feel shame for in after
years. We hope many will take a hint from
the suggestion thrown out by " F.," and we feel
certain ihey will endorse his words as to the amount
of pleasure they will derive from making a better use
of their spare time. When they can put glasshouses
and other garden buildings on paper, and show the
elevation and sections according to scale, they will be
on the road to success. Arithmetic, surveying, level-
ling, and drawing would form part of an agreeable
winter evening's work. W, M, G.

Smilax aspera. — One point of special attention in
the Smilax aspera figured in your last issue is not
mentioned. At this time of year in the Riviera it is
the plant for decoration, owing to its brilliant berries.
I wonder our nurserymen don't grow it for that
purpose. I never saw it berried in England, but
surely it would berry in greenhouses. //. N. Ellacoinbe,
Bitton,

Rooks and Steeped Wheat. — The following
curious circumstance, new to me, may interest your
readers, especially such of them as have a "home
farm" besides the garden to look after. I was engaged
at the usual time in getting in some Wheat which
I had previously steeped in Goulding's Anti-Smut,
or "Bunt" mixture, and then dried out on the
barn floor with lime. Every one of those mixtures
are poisonous, and so labelled, generally having cop-
peras as a base. I took elaborate precautions to
scare away the crows, or rooks, and jackdaws ; but
it was quite unnecessary, as not only would they not
touch a grain of it, but they would not even alight
where I had the seed strewn. This fact may interest
in other ways. W. J. Murphy.

PLANTING DURING THE

PRESENT SEASON.

Those who have any considerable amount of
ground work in hand connected with planting, cannot
fail to have noticed that the dry weather, so often
looked upon as indispensable to the furtherance of
such operations, has this season gone to such extremes
as to make the work slow and difl'icult, and in some
cases all but impracticable. In many places where
draining and trenching have been required, the pick
has had to do much of the work, so extremely dry has
the under-surface become ; nothing could be more
deceptive than the partial surface moistening which
the recent rains have effected over a large extent of
the southern parts of the kingdom — the rain has not
descended more than nine or ten inches, the under
stratum below this for several feet being dust-dry.
In many places at a depth of 4 feet the clay is
full of cracks that will nearly admit the
hand, and so hard and devoid of moisture
that it is almost like cutting lead. In the
matter of planting the difficulty has not ended with
the preparation of the ground to be occupied, for
where much has had to] be done the taking up of
shrubs and trees has been a difficult, and, in many
cases, not very satisfactory operation. This kind of
work is not usually belter done than it needs be, as
too many of the roots are too often left behind, and
this season, unless the plants previous to taking up
were well soaked — a slow process — there has been
danger of their being removed comparatively rootless.
The result of such work, in the case of evergreens, is
that more than the usual percentage of deaths occur,
and with those plants that live in place of making
their wonted progress they remain in a stunted con-
dition for two or three years. With deciduous kinds
under such a state of matters the deaths that may be
looked for are fewer, but with them there is a com-
parative absence of progress for a time. The presence
of the deep cracks already spoken of will effect-
ually prevent much water reaching the brooks and
rivers for some time, and the outlook is beginning
to be somewhat serious ; the time when the greatest
amount of rainfall usually takes place is fast going by

with little beyond passing showers — wells and water-
courses in most places have less in them than pro-
bably in the memory of any one living ihey were ever
known to have at the close of the year. It is to be
hoped that the weather prophets, who predict a hard
winter, will turn out to be wrong, as a protracted
frost means dry weather, and after such an unusually
dry winter as in the southern counties the last was,
succeeded by a still drier summer and autumn, unless
we get an exceptionally heavy rainfall before spring,
the prospect in the matter of water for the ensuing
summer occasions misgivings. T. Baines.

Bti%

Royal Meteorological.— The usual monthly
meeting of this Society was held on Wednesday eveninp,
the 17th inst., at the Institution of Civil Engineers, Mr.
R. H. ScotI, F.R.S., President, in the ch;iir. Mr. C. H.
Cotton, Mr. S. A, Jolly, L.R.C.P., and Rev. C. ].
Taylor, M.A., were elected Fellows of the Society. The
following papers were read ; —

(r.) "On the reduction of temperature means from
short series of observations to the equivalents of longer
periods," by Dr. Julius Hann, Hon. Mem. R.Met.Soc.
The author has recently carried out an investigation into
the climate of the alpine districts of Austria, and v.\
doing so he has endeavoured to reduce the monthly and
annual means of all the temperature observations from
l!ie districts In question during the interval from 1848 to
1880, and in some places to 1884. to the mean for tlie
thirty years' period 1851 to 1880. In this paper Dr. Harm
describes the methods he adopted to reduce observations
at mountain stations for short periods to the equivalents
of longer periods.

{2.) " The diversity of scales for registering the force
of wind," by Charles Harding, F.R.Met.Soc. The
object of this paper is to call attention to the confusion
that exists in the systems in use by various countries for
registering wind force, whether instrumenlally or othei-
wise, and to show the need of action for improvement.*©

(3.} " Report on the phenological observations for
the year 1884," by the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A.,
F.R Met.Soc. The salient features of the weather during
the period embraced in this report, viz., October, 1883,
to Septemb r, 1884, were — the mild winter ; the cold
April ; the li3t August ; and the long period of drought,
which at the end of September began to be seriously felt.
The general effects on vegetation have been — the pro-
longed existence of many of the autumn species ; the
great loss of wall fruit ; the failure of bush fruits ; the
plentiful supply of Strawberries as long as they lasted,
but the time was short ; the good hay harvest, althout^h
it was light in quantity ; the good corn crop ; the un-
usually plentiful Potato crop ; and the great abundance
of wild fruits.

Answers to Correspondents.

Cattleya.s : 7. Waldie. They are bolhl varieties of
C. autumnalis.

Chrysanthemums : H. J. Corfield. Your flower
came tu hand in a collapsed state — it had been crushed
ffat, and had been put into an envelope by ihe Post-
office officials. The sport is worth growing.

CoLCHiCL'M AND Ckocus : R. S. H. Plant them in
early autumn and onwards till winter. Colchicum
will not always bloom the first year after planting.

Court Pendu Plat Apple at Southampton Show :
W. Crump. While thanking our correspondent
for his very fair remarks on the above subject ve
think no further good result can be attained by con-
tinuing the discussion.

Dimensions of Cucumber-house : J . B. T. It was
apparent on the face of it that 9 feet by ir feet must
be the height and width, whilst the length was not
given. It would be a simple impossibility to plant
125 Cucumber plants in a house whose superficial area
is g by II feet, and grow them on lor fruit.

Plates oi" Plants : R. Barber. Please send one or

two for our inspection.
Names ut-- Plants : A. O. W. Veronica elliptica.

Scale in " Handy-Book oI'- the Flowek Garden " :
A Beginner does not make out a clear ca^o against
the book. Scale divisions are always arbitrary, and if
they are not decimals they are still of use. The
English inch is variously divided into eighths and
tenths, or smaller divisions of these, and so luDg as the
melricil system is not in vogue amongst us wc can
take those subdivisions of the foot that suit our pur-
pose the best.

Watercress : B. CuUiman. Mr. Shirley Hibberd pub-
lished a book on this matter a few years ago, which
you might obtain from the office of the Gardeners'
Magazine.

Worms in Lawn : Water with clear lime-water, and
sweep tliem up early in the morning, when they are
lying on the surface.

The Nut Weevil : L. The grubs you find in the Nut
are those of a weevil, Bal.minus nucum. The female
deposits her eggs in the young green Nuts in summer
boring a hole through the soft shell for that purpose

December 27, 1S84,]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

817

In due time the eggs are hatched, and the grubs find
in the young Nut abundant nutriment, provided by
the foresight or instinct of the parent. The pink

Cut Flowers.— Averagk Wholesale Prices.

Fig. 1.(3.— the kut weevil,

powder in the Nut has nothing to do with insects, but
is a fungus.

Winter Moth : L. The moth is called Cheima-
tobia bnmiata. The caterpillar^;, which are green,
and of ihe form called " loopers," are exceedingly
destructive to fruit trees in the spr ng. The caterpillars
eat Ihe leaves, and spin a sort ol white silky web
round the rolled up leaves. The moths appear in late
autumn and through the winter, flying in the evening
sometimes in such numbers as to give the appearance

Fir;, (44.— THE WINTER MOTH.

of falling sleet. Tomtits and other birds feed on them
with avidity, and others may be caught by smearing
the trunk with tar or treacle.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea— Garden and Flower
Seeds.

l^FENZ, Erfurt— Illustrated Seed List.

Paul Parey, Berlin— List of Gardening Books,

Waite. Nash, Huggins & Co., 79, Southwark Street,
London — Wholesale Price Current of Seeds.

Webb & Sons, Wordsley. Stourbridge — Spring Cata-
logue of Potatos and Garden Seeds.

Messrs. Hayman & Benjamin, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Camo-
mile Street, E.G. — Memorial Wreaths, Crosses, &c.,
and Nurserymen's Sundries.

Communications Peceived :— C Taylor.— T. L.— Warwick-
thirc-J. H. .S.— E. J.— X Y. Z.-A O. W.— P. P._J. .c.
— H. Canneil & Son.- A. B.— Jas. Carter & Co.— W. Roberts.
— T. S. C (shcrtly). - J. D.-J. S., Meiamore.— T. C— H.
W. W.— D. M.-W. E. G— J. k.— W. D.— G. C.-G. T. M.
— S. M.-J. G. B.-O. T.-H. J. C.-G. D— E. B., Paris
(long anticipateo) — H. Canne'l & Sons. — E. M. H,— W. H.
F.— D. T. P.— J. S -A D. W.-A O. W.— G. & D. W —
O. de K.. GheDt.-G. C. C.-Sir T. L.— W. B.-G. W. R —
T. C— W, S.— W. P., EppiDg.— W. Bonny, — R. Irwia
I ynch.— G. Woodman.— T Moore.— C. M. Owen, with
ihanks. — T. C. — G. McKenzie, — C — Covent GaxdeD' Sales-
mar. —A. D.— J. 5.— Mr Wilkinson.— J. Hards.— B. S. W.
— W. Edwaids.— R. Fmber.-C. P —Ed. R. C— H. E.

C0VEN7 GARDEN, December 23.

Business more active ; supplies good and plentiful.
Canadian Apples heavy, prices still tending downwards.
Grapes firm ; Kent Cobs dull. James Webber, Wkole-
saU Apple Market.

Plants in Pots. — Aver
i. d. s. d.
Aralia. Sieboldi, dos. 6 0-34 o
Arbor-vitae (golden),

per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o

— (common), dozen 6 o-ia o
Arum Lilies, dozen 9 c-15 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o
Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o
Chri'sanih-, dozen .. 6 0-12 o
Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o
Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o
Dracsna leru-iaalis.

per doien . . . . 30 o 60 o

— vindis. per doz. .12 0-74 o
Epiphyllum, doz ..iS o 74 o
i^iica, v^ous, doz. 9 o to o
Euonymus. various,

per dozen .. .. 6 0-18 o

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o

AGE Wholesale Prices.

J. d. i. a.

Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 0

Ficus elastica, each 16-70

Fohage Plants, vari-
ous, each

Hyacinths, Roman,
each

Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen . .

Myrtles, per doz.

Palms in variety,
each

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen

P in;ettia, per doz.

i'nmula sinensis, per
doien ..40-60

Solanums, dozen .. 9 o-iz o

Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 o-io o

.. 2 o-io o

1 o- a o

8 0-15 o
6 0-12 o

a 6-ai o

4 o-
9 o-

6 o
15 o

1. d. s. d.
Abutilon. i a bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, la bims. 60-90
Azalea, la sprays .. 10-16
Bouvardias, per bun. 09-10
Camellias, per doz . . 30-80
Carnation*:, 12 bIms. 1 o- a o
Chrysanlh., ja bun. 4 o-ia o
— large, la blooms 10-30
Cyclamen. la blooms 03-06
Epiphyllum, lablms. 06-09
Eucharis. per doz. .. 4 o- S o
Euphorbia jacquini-

flora. la sprays .. i o- a o
Gardenias, la blms.. 9 0-18 o
MelioiroDCs, 12 sp. .. o 6- X o
Hy.icinlhs, Roman,

12 sprays .. .. i c- 1 6

Lapageria, white, la

blooms .. .. a o- 3 o

— red, la

blooms . . ..1^20
Lily-of-VaI.,iasprays a o- 5 o
Marguerites, 12 bun. ^ o- 6 o

/. d. t. d.

Mignonette, i» bun. 60-90
Narcissii s P.t per-

whiie, 12 sprays., a 6- 3 o
Pelargoniums, per la

sptayS .. ..10-30

— scarlet, 12 sprays 06-09
Poinseltia, 12 blooms 30-90
Primula, double, bun. 10-16

— sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60

— French, per dor. 09-16
Stokesia, 12 blooms 10-..
Tropxolum. 12 bun, i o- a o
Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-30
Tulips, 1 a blooms .. 10-16
Violets, 12 bun. .. 10-16

— French, bunch.. 16-20

— Parme, French,

per bunch . . ..50-70
Walflower, 12 bun., 40-60
White Jasmine, per

bunch .. ..06-10

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

t.d. s.d.
Apples, J4-sieve .. 16-40
— Nova Scotia and
C.^na'lian, barrel 10 0-18 o
Cobs per 100 lb. . . 60 o- ..
Grapes, per lb. . . 16-40

s. d. s d.
Lemons, per case ..12 o-tS o
Pine-apples. Eng. ,1b. 20- ..
— Sl Michael, each 30-70
Peats, French, doz, 16-36

Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

Horse Radish, bun. 30-40
Lettuces. Cab., doz. 16-.,

— French Cos, each 06-.,
Mint, green, bunch.. 16-.,
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 1 o- a o
Onions, per bushel.. 40-..

— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..

I Radishes, per dor, .. 10-..
Rhubarb, bundle .. o 8- ,.
3 6 Salsify, per bund. . . 10- . .
04-,, I Seakale, per punnet 20-26

Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 40-60

Aep.nraeus, English,

per bundle . . 12 c- ,,

— French, bundIe3o o- . .

Beans, French, lb. 1 o- ,.

Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..

Cabbages, per doz. . . 16-20

Carrots, per bun. ., 06- ,.

C^uljHowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.,

Celeriac, per root .. ,

Celery, per bundle,. 16-261 Small saladiug, per

Cucumbers, each ,. i o- 3 6 I punnet .. ..04-,,

Endive, English, per j Spinach, per bushel 20-..

dozen .. ,. i o- ,, | Tomatos, per lb. ,. 10-16

Garlic, per lb. „ o 6- .. . Turnips, bun. ,. 05- . .

Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04'

Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 401. to jos. ; Regents. 70s. to g'-'S.
Champions, 455. to 60s. per too. Markets have a down-
ward tendency.

SEEDS.

London : Dec. 22. — The seed markets are now thinly
attended, and quite a holiday spirit has already come
over them. With regard to Clover seeds, all business
therein is for the present in abeyance, and, in conse-
quence, there is no important change in values to be
noted. Cable advices report the American markets
weaker. For English samples the tendency is also
downwards. For Canary and Hemp seed the sale is
exceedingly slow. Blue Peas and Haricot Beans are also
neglected. Feeding Linseed is dull. JoAn Shaw 6*
Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C.

CORN.

The holiday influence tended to check demand at
Mark Lane on Monday, and business was very quiet.
The changes in prices were very slight, but they were
rather favourable than otherwise. For English Wheat
prices of good dry samples were steady for both white
and red. Fine white foreigu Wheats were firmer. Flour
was dull without change in value. There was rather
more Maize in, but prices were firm. Malting Barley'was
quiet, and unchanged in value ; grinding sorts were
firm, but with a slow sale. No change occurred in the
value of either Beans or Peas. With rather full supply
of commom Russian Oats, these descriptions had a
drooping tendency ; but good corn showed steady value.
— Average prices of corn for the week ending Dec. 20 : —
Wheat, 31J. 5^. ; Barley, 31J. 3*/.; Oats, igj. ^d. For
the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 39^. 2d.\
Barley, 31J. Sd. ; Oats, \gs. yd.

CATTLE.

At Copenhagen Fields on Monday there was a larger
and better selection of cattle than usual on the last
market before Christmas, which met a dull sale. The
previous Monday's top quotations were not currently
obtainable, even for primest. The sheep suppUes were
also in excess of demand, and, although quotations
cannot be altered, less had in some cases to be taken.
The call trade was very dull and lower, and there was
no inquiry in the pig trade. Quotations : — Beasts, 4-r. 4(/.
to 51. j^d., and 5^. 6d. to bs. ; calves, ^s. 4^. to 5J. lOii'. ;
sheep, 5J. to sj. Sd., and y. lod. to 6j 6d.

HAY.

The Whitechapel Market report states that there was
a rather short supply on sale. The demand was better,
and prices were dearer (or best hay. Quotations : —
Clover, prime, 95-f. to 107.?. ; inferior, 6s. to 90/. ; prime
meadow hay, 8oj. to gos. ; inferior, 40J. to 80J, ; and
straw, 24J. to 36J. per load.

COALS.

The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Walls End — Harton, 15J. ; Tyne (unscreened),
lis. ^d. ; Hetton, 17^.; Helton Lyons, 15J. ; Lambton,
i6j. 6d.; Wear, 15J. ; Hartlepool, 16s.; Hulam, 15-1. ^d.

G-ovemment Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 99I to 99^ for delivery, and 99I to 99J for the account.
Tuesday's closing prices were 99.^ to 99J for delivery,
and 99^ to 99I for the account. These quotations are
ex dir.

CARTERS'

STERLING

NOVELTIES.

.It la generally
admitted that

IMPORTANT FACTS.-

the Vegetables and Floral Noveltleo intro-
duced of late years by Messrs. CARTER
possess sterling qualities to a degree that
finds few competitors. J C & Co have only
to refer to the splendid Introductions Strat-
agem, Telephone, and Pride of the Market
Peas. Leviathan Beans. Heartwell Cabbage.
Model Cucumber. Cedham Favourite Tomato.
tec, to confirm the statement, and It Is a
notable fact that Messrs. Carters' Novelties,
unlike many others, do not fade from public
favour, but are generally recognised as
necessary In every Garden, whether for Ex-
hibition or for the Table.

The Champion Peas of the World

CARTERS STRATAGEM
CARTERS' TELEPHONE
CARTERS' PRIDE OF THE
MARKET

Per pint. Post Free.

2j. 6rf. .. jt. od.

31, od. . . as. 6(/.

[ 3S. od. .,

Broad Bean— Carters' Leviathan.

Pods 21 incites long.

Per piDt, IS. ; post-free, sj. 6d.

Runner— Holborn IVasterpiece.

The best White Runner.

Price, per pint, is. ; post-free, 3S. 6d.

Kale— Carters' Welsh,

A distinct and superior variety.

In sealed packets, is. 6d., post-free.

Broccoli— Carters' Pyramid.

The perfection of Sprouting Broccoli.

In sealed pactcets, 15. 6d. and zs, 6d., post*free

Cabbage— Carters' Prizetaker.

A distinct variety with a while heart.
In sealed packets, is., post-free.

Celery— White Plume.

A beautiful variegated variety.

In sealed packets, u. and 2s. 6d., p-»st-free.

Onion— Crimson Vesuvius.

A desirable addition to the exhibition group.
In sealed packets, is. 6d and 2s. 6d., post-free.

Tomato— King Humbert.

A di; I net and novel vaiiety.

In sealed packets, )S and 2i., post-free.

Tomato— Carters' Perfection.

Was awarded ist Prize Royal Hoiticuttural S Kiely,

1S84.
In Sealed packets, 2s. 6d., post-free.

LILIUM AURATUM.

In addition to the usual Importations from the
Japanese Growers. JAMES CARTER & CO have
received a limited consignment from another
source, which have also arrived In splendid
condition. They are In every respect equal to
the finest English-grown Bulbs on offer else-
where-measuring, on an average. 3^ to 4 Inches
in diameter, and firm as If only Just taken up
from the ground.

Price, IS. each, I S.f. per dozen. Carriage Free.

Price to the Trade, with sample doz.. on application.

'oJ^tth.^

Seedsmen by Royal

Warrant to

His Royal Highness the

PRINCE OF WALES.

237
2381

High Holborn, London, W.C,

8i8

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

[December 2;, 18

w

B

HITE PAMPAS PLUMES,

subject to being unsold on receipt of price.
iS to 24 inches long, $35 per ioc».
24 to 30 inches long, $5 per 100.

ALES of TOBACCO STEMS,

weighing 500 lb.. $20 per bale, 3 bales for $53.

Cash with order, or reference to

H. WATERER, 3809, Pewelton Avenue, Philadelphia. U.S.A.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.,

^d. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
4of. ; 4-bushel bags, 4</. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6rf. per sack ;
5 sacks. 75J, ; sacks, ^d. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks isj. ; sacks,
4/1'. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. u. 91/. per bushel; 151. per half
Ion, 265 per ton , in 2-bushel bags, ^d. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAl'.MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, tJ. per bushel.

SPH.\GNUM MOSS, 8s. f,d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for F.ee
Price LIST.-H. G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith's St.eet
Drury Lane (lately cilled 17A, C^oal Yard), W.C.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mhdals.
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 45 dd. per sack ; 5 sacVs for los.

P K AT. bcbt black fibrous .. ^s. td. „ 5 sacks for 15,1,

P£AT, extra selected Orchid 5?. od. „

LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. "^

PREPARED COM POST.bestI u i. , , • , ^ ^^

LEAF MOULD, best only,, f"- P" bush, (sacks included).

PEAT MOULD ,, .. )

SILVER SAND, coarse, js. ^d. per bush., 12s. half ton, 225. ton

RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8^. per lb.

TOBACCO CLOTH, finest impoited . . 8rf. lb., 28 lb, i8j

TOBACCO PAPER „ (Spt^cialite') 8(/. lb.. 28 lb. i8j

MUSH ROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 5^, per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., 6s. per sack,

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gj. ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, 175.;

30 sacks, 251. ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail,

301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in

sacks only. 25. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND

WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL,

& CO.,

LONDON, E.

12- oz Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps,

FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c —
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best q'laliiy for Or. hiis
Stove Plants. &c ,£6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT,
for Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, is-r.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55. ; 5 Bags, 22r, ^d. ; 10 Bags,
4-,J. Bagsincluded. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 105 erf. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52^. per Truck of 4 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hams.

THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT
MANURE.

This is the Manure used to produce the
magnificent crops of Grapes at Clovenfords,
Galashiels, and it is equally good for all kinds
of plants in pots, as v.'ell as for plants in the
open ground.

Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HOR-
TICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan),
Limited, and sold by them and all Nurserymen
and Seedsmen.

Circulars, with full particulars, on application to

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES,

GARSTON , LIVERPOOL.

KEEL'S GARDENERS' FRIEND and
BLIGHT DESTROYER.— Best winter dressing for
Peach Trees, &c. No paintinp nor washing required. Syringe
as directed with Keel's Insecricide. Wonderful results— destroys
all Blight— imparts no flavour to Fruit — clean, healthy, and very
cheap. Send orders early to W. G. KEEL. Newton St. Loe,
near Bristol (late Keel Be Hawes, Bath) ; or to Nurserymen.
Empties to Bath Station.

ARDEN REQULSITES as supplied to the

Royal Gardens.— Best Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse,
IS. per sack ; 30 for 25J. — bags included. Trucks (containing
2 Tons) 251. , free en Rail Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 51. per
sack ; 5 for 22i. 6d. ; 10 for 35.^. Black Fibrous Peat, v. td. per
sack ; 10 for 30J. Coarse Bedford Sand, is. 3^, per bushel : us.
perj^-ton; 22J. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould,
IS. per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bones, &c. Finest Tobacco
Cloth, Zd. per lb. ; 28 lb. for i8j. Speciality Tobacco Paper,
io<^. per lb. : 28 lb. for 21J. ; 70.1. per cwt. Second quality, jd.
per lb. : 28 lb. for 16^. Archangel and Petersburgh Mats.
Price LIST sent free. Special quotations to the Trade for cash.

W, HERBERT and CO.,

Hor Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Strebt, S.E.

(near London BridRe).

UREKA INSECTICIDE,— The only In-

secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal
Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded TJiploma,
Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh.— Wholesale Agents, CORRY,
SOPER. FOWLER and CO.. Finsbury Street. London. E.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
ThripF, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to
supersede it. Boxes, is., 3J., and los. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, td. and is. from the Trad«.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

Oil Paint no Longer Necessary.

HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wond, or Stoae.
{Re^ii/ercd Trade .l/,ir/-.)

This VARNISH is nn excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
iis genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.

Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.

Unsolicited Testimonial.

** Pierce field Park, June 21, 1876.— Sir?.— I have lliii day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
hid, which I candidly admit was the best we every had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox.

CAL^T/0/^. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.

H. & S.'s Varnish has beers an article of common use on most
of the l.nrge estates in the kingdom for upwards o' thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article,
F.very cavk is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Irade Maik as ab^ve, without which none ii genuine.

Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c , sent free on application to

HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free £2 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ „ 4 15 o

6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „ 3 iS o

12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 6 10 o

The glass is nailed and puttied in,

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers,

ROVAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,

MANCHESTER.

W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL EOW, LOHDON, EC.

■ ■ ,y

W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for
every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of
charge, and send competent assistants when necessary.

LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in v.-irious
clours.

Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poviltry, Cheapside, E.C.

Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent pojt-free on application.

IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,

Iron, and Wire Espalier, &c.

CA T A LOGU E Free. Please name this fafer.

BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,

VICTORIA WORK.S. V.'OLVERHAMPTUN ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King VViiliam Street, Loi^don. E.C.

I R I Q M I I W F M " T'"^'-^ '"^h Linen Cellars, Cuffs.
iniOn LMNCIM Shins, hz, have the meiiis of ex-
cellence and cheapness." — Cc.'i'/ Circular.

P{\\ I AI-(Q Ladies' and Childreiis'
W'^LLnnOj three-fold, SJ.Cd', per doz ;
Gents' four-fjid, 4J. ixd. to 5^ \id per doz.

PI I rrC For Lad'es. Gentlemen.
L»UrrOj and ChilJren, 5^ iirf.
Best Quality Longcloih Bodies. to loj 9 A per di.-.

wilh four-fold all linen fronts and AMH OUlDTO
cuffi, 35J. ^d. the hilf dL-zen (lo M IN U Onln I O.
m^at-ure, aj, e.xtra}. New designs in our Special Indi.ina Gauze
and Printed Shirtings and Unshrinkable Flannels for the Season.

I p. 1^1 I Real Irish Linen Sheetings, fully blea'^hed,

I KINH 5t yards wide, it. i\d. per y.itd ; 3',< yards wide,
25 4j-^(/. per yatd (the uost durable article made,
and far superior to any Foreiijn manufactured goods). Ryller
Towelling, 18 inches wide, -ilzd. per yard.

c f T ■ Linen Dusters, a.T. -id : Glass

sfe per"' IINFWQ Clolhs,,..6^.'perdV' Fine
I yarif LIINtlNOj Limns and Lioeu Di3per.

lod. per yard.

Fish Napkins, as. lid per ^itirv r\ ^ kh t r\ll r\
doz. Dinner Napkins, SI 6rf. AWfl DAM ASK. S
perdoz. Table Cloths, 2 yards "''^f UrtlVlrtOrVO.

square, 2s il%d ; 2?< yards by 3 yards, 5J. ud. each.
Kitchen Table Cloth';, ii.'i'/ each. Strong Huckaback Towels,
4 J. 6d. per dozen. Monograiii=, Crests, Coats of Arms, Initials,
&c., woven and embroidered.

r^ ■ n II rM-k I /-k Children's, Hemmed for use, is. Zd. per dor.

CAMBRIC J:-"'"' , .. - -"f- ••

Gentlemen s ,, ,, 3.^. iid. ,,

^Lj^ Hemstitched.

ll^l POCKET ^^-^i"' '-6^:

Gents . . . . . . 7.(. 30.

Novelties in Coloured Bor-
ders — Young Ladies'. 3;.
lod. ; Ladies', 6s. nd. ;

loa. ; L^aoiea , or. na
Gents', 6s. 6d. per dozen.

HANDKERCHIEFS.

-, , _s. oa. per aozen.

The Irish Cambrics of Me^isrs. Rouikson & Cleaver
have a world-wide fame." T/ic Queen.

I moil I iftiE~iLi Lhemises, li mimed
niSH LINEN S^. 6^ : Night D.eses. 8r. 6^. ;
Combinations, 6s. iid.
Baby I inen. Dress Materials,

Flannels, Blankets, Hosiery, ,,-,__—_-. , r^-rinttr^
01„v«, Underves'ts, Pants U N D E R C LOT H N G •
Calicos ; also Lace and Linea -"'t-O-llOUUIIIinU

Curtains and Lace Goods
of every description. (I'rice Lists post-free.)

ROBINSON & CLEAVER, Belfast.

Samples PosT-FKiiH. Goors Sim-rtiu Dikect to anv
PAiJT OK THE World.

J.

Under the Patronage of the Queen-
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STHATFORD LABELS.

The above Labels are made of a While Mttal, with kaised

BLACK FACED LETTF.KS.

The Ciirdcner's Afa^itzi'u- s^ys ;— " Wc-ni'ist give these (he
palm before all other plant label', as the very firat in racril."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.

RUSSIA MATS.

JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every
description of RUSSIA WATS for Covei inK,TvinB, and
Packing, at the very lowest po-sib'e prices. TOBACCO
PAPER, RAFFIA, KROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND,
COCOA FIBRE REFU.SK(Best only), and ether HOR'll-
CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Desc.iptive Priced
CATALOGUE post-tree on application.

149, Commercial Street, Shorcdilch, London, E.

ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—

•^~*- The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes :— 6 ft.
6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at 3S. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at zs. sd. ; 6 ft.
6 in. by 7 ft., 35. 211'. Auply to

Miss MOLlyUE, Aston Clinton, Tiing,

Perils Abound on every Side.

THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, CORNHILL,
Insures against Accidents of all kinds, on Land or W.^t(rr, and
has the Largest Invested Capital, the Largest Income, and pays
yearly the Largest amount of Compensaiinn of any Accitiental
Assurance Company. Chairman : — Harvie M. F.irquhat, Esq.
Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Lc«:al Agents,
or West End Office, 8, Grand Hoicl Buildincs, Charing Cross ;
or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C

WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.

December 27, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

819

SPECIAL NOTICE

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

SATURDAY NEXT, JANUARY 3, 1885,

WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTIFULLY

1 I

^'ftwffl^

(18 iuclies by 13 inches),

FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN.

PRICE FIVEPENGE ; POST-FREE, FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ;

OR WIIH

ALMANAC MOUNTED ON OAK ROLLERS,

READY TO BE HUNG UP, AND ENCLOSED IN CASE,

SEVENPENCE ; POST-FREE, EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY.

Purchasers are specially recommended to order the Almanac in a Case,
TO PREVENT INJURY FROM FOLDING.

The Publisher cannot be responsible for injury io the Almanac unless it is so protected.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

As a large Extra Sale of this Number is guaranteed, it will be a very

valuable medium for Advertisements.

APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE SHOULD BE SENT IN AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE.

W. EICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, STEAND, W.C.

820

THE G.^RDENRRS' CHRONICLE.

[Decembkr 27, 1884.

SPECIAL G LASS

FOR

CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c.

All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application.

T. & W. F A R M I L O E,

Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W.

BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. i

Can be obtained in all sizes ajid qualities of

BETHAM & SON,

9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C

B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by

lain., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., ao in. by 18 in , in 16-01.

and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up

purposes, in 200-ft. and :too-ft- cases.

21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 (eet boxes,
3ds and 4ths qualities, always kept m stock.

A large stock of similar current sizes ol 15-OZ. glass in
200 feet boxes.

Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous
Glass Articles, can be obtained from

GEORGE FARMILOE <fc SONS,

GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.

34. St. John's Street, West Smlthfleld, London, EC.

Stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle.

Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles.

HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS

are made in materials ol great duiability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
\j ^ further labour or expense,

**.^°J grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaoer
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS.^, io TrSial sfonei
""f 'i'?.Jt/5o°'"'''°"^;^''°'=''' ""^ '° sreat variety of design.
F KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
S feet, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. :
King.sland Road, E.

Aeents (or LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES

PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES alii

hL,?^-^*-^^'^ patent beaded GARDEN wall

Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.

QRNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,

W (or Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies &c
(rem 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet o( Plain or
more elaborate DeMpns, with Prices, sent for selection

WHITE GLAZED TILES, (or Lining Walls of Dairies,

Larders, Kiichen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable

Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles

?.'°„X^?,°,?5.°8 Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement.&c.

F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.

See Addresses above.

I

BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich.

SEND FOR CATALOGUES.

No 60 —Span-roof Plant Protector.

Invaluable in large gardens for protectine plants in open
ground, or storing same when turned out of conservatory.

CASH PRICES, including Packing Cases.
6 feet long, 3 feet wide, including one pair of ends £,i jl o
II >• >, 3 12 o

M i> .1 2 14 6

*' It >» 4 12 6

.> M ,,606

» M M 7 12 6

SAND,

Price, by post, per Ton

Q I L V E R

'^ fine or coarse grain as desired.

or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered ejirect" frorii

■?.'?.',!y^ Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post.

^t M J?,?-"?JJ.'*"-''^ BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.

KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities. '

M D F. ROSHER AND CO.-Addresses see above.
«. B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.

No. 64 —Span-roof Plant Frame.

The Gardeners' favourite Frame, used for storing beddioi»
plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, &c.. ar
ranged to build on brickwork as .'hown, including 2glass ends

Made to any length.

96
See Catalogue lor larger sizes.

74.— Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame.

^=^

No. 76.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid.
Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases,

No. a .. 8 feet .. 6 feet ..li 15 o .. ^s.td.
No. 3 .. t< ,, .. 6 „ .. 6 10 o .. 6 6
No. 4 16 „ .. 6 „ .. 8 5 o .. 8 o
Heigtit in front, ti inches, back zz inches, centre 32 inches.
Lights made to turn over. Set-opes for ventilating.

All the Frames painted four coats and

All these Frames carriage paid to any Railway Station
Packing Cases allowed for in full if returned with

CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid.

Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases.

No. 2 . . 8 feet . . 6 feet .. £,i 7 6 . . 31. 6rf.

No. 3 ,, 12 ,, .. 6 „ 4 17 6 .. 40

No. 4 . . 16 ,, . . 6 ,, . . 6 7 6 . . 4 €

Depth in front 13 inches, back 34 inches, lights 2 inches

thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle tJ each hght.

Lights only. 6 ft. X 4 ft., unglazed and unpainted. 6j. each.

Glazed wiih 21-oz. sheet elass and painted 4 coats, its. each.

glazed witb best 21-oz. EngllsH Glass.

in England and Wales, also to Edmburgh and DublitL
in fourteen days in good order and duly advised.

CON-TRACTORS TO^HEH^ MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMTCNT

THE Thames Bank Iron Company.

UPPEE GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E

Special Certificate,
awarded
May 22,
1883.

Flue and Tennlnal-end Saddle Boiler.

Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.

HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,

and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.

Ilhistraicd CA TALOGUE, x^th Edition, price \s.

Price List on application Free.

Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or
the Materials supplied.

Patent Reliance Eotary Valves.

wmm

LEAD

ffiiZWt

Section o/a Rafter before and after
Glazing,

NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED.

Section 0/ a IVttuicnu Sash-Bar be/ore and
after Glazing.

No Special Contract Required for its Adoption.

SUITABLE FOR ALMOST

UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

SI<ill^rf^'Ih^!'r°.J:fi'"*.''l'"''t' "'''''' '"I ""= •^P"=_i='l '"'"'<= °' this System, require no

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

Write for Prospectufl, Dlustratloiu,

THE PATENT LEAD STRIPS, "■" T°»timoniai..

QEOVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N.

December 27, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

821

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,

REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,

REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of

CURRENT INTEREST,

HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

-lALPINE PLANTS.
ARBORETUM— The.
BEDDING PLANTS.
BEES.
BOTANY.

BULBOUS PLANTS.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.
CONIFERS.

DISEASES OF PLANTS.
EVERGREENS.
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.
FLORISTS' FLOWERS.
FLOWER GARDENS.

Special attention is given to tfie following subjects

FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.

ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.

PALMS.

PLANTING.

PLEASURE GROUNDS.

POMOLOGY.

POTATOS.— POULTRY.

RHODODENDRONS.

ROCKERIES.

ROSES.

SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.

STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.

SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of.
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY
VINES.

WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c,, &c., &c.

Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;—

ABBAY. Rev

ANDERSON(J.)

ANDRfi(E.). Pjris
ANTOINE(F.), Vienna..

ATKINS (J.)

BADEN POWELL (H.)

BADGER (E.W.)

HAINES (T.)

BAKER(G)

BAKER (J- G). F.R.S

BALFOUR (the late Professor) . .

BALL a ). F.R.S

BANCROFT (G.), M.D.
BARRON (A. F.). Chiswick . .
BEIJ ERINCK. Dr., WaEeouiEen
BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G ), M.D., Sydney
BENTHAM (the lateG.), F.R.S.
BERGMAN (E), Paris ..
BERKELEY(Rev. M. J.), F.R. S.
BLACKMORE (R. D.) ..
BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens

BLOW(r. B.)

BOISSIER(E.), Geneva
BOSCAWEN (Hon.& Rev. J. T.)
BOULGER(G. S.), F.L.S. ..
BRlGHT(ihelate H. A)
BRr"TEN (J.), British Museum
BKOlVN(N. E), Ke« ..
BUL LEN (R.), Botanic Garden,

< lasgoiv
BUR BI DOE (F. W^.). Botanic

Garden. Dublin
CARUEL (Professor). Florence..
CASf ARV(Prof.), Koenigsberg . .

C-IA .LlS(r.)

CLAI ;KE (Col. TREVOR)
CLAI:KE(C. B.), F.R.S.
CO B , :0 LD (T. S.), F. R. S.
COLt MAN (W.), Eastnor Castle

Girdens

COOKE (M.C.)

COO.MBEKd ), The Hendre ..
COOmBER (W.), Regent's Park
COOPt.R (Sir DAN.. Bart.) ..
COKREVON (H). Geneva
COX 0). Redleaf Gardens
CREWE (the laie Rev. H. H.)..
CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's

Castle Gardens
CROUCHER 0)
DARWIN (the late CHARLES)

DEAN (A.)

DEAN (R.)

DECAI.-.N E (the late Prof.). Paris
DE C*NDOLLE (A), Geneva..
DEH^RAIN (Professor), Paris . .
DE MARR. Boston
DOD (Rev. C. W.)
DODWELL (E. S.)
DOUGLAS 0). Great Gearies,

Ilford

DOWNIE 0-). Edinburgh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden ..
DUCHARTRE (Professor), Paris
DUTHIE (J. F.), Saharunpore. .
DYER (BERNARD)
DYER (Rev. T. F.)
DYER (W. T. T.), F.R.S.

EARLEY(W.)

EICHLER (Professor), Director

Imperial Bat. Garden, Berlin
ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) ..

Coflfee-Ieaf Disease.

Orchids.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Forestry.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Practical Gardening.

Garden Botany.

Garden Botany.

Alpine Plants.

Queensland Correspondence

Fruit Culture.

Diseases of Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Vegetable Physiology.

Australian Correspondence.

Garden Botany.

Foreign Correspondence.

Diseases of Plants.

Pomology.

Practical Gardening.

Bees.

Garden Plants.

Landscape Gardening,

Vegetable Physiology.

Notes from a Lancashire

Plant Lore. [Garden.

Garden Botany.

Orchid Notes.

Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.

Practical Gardening.

Fungi.

Practical Gardening.

Australian Correspondence
Alpine Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Plants.

Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Floriculture.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.

Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical C}ardening.

Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.

ELWES (H. J )
ENGELMANN (ihe liteG.), St.

Louis
EVERSHED (H )
EWBANK(Rev. H). Ryde ..

EYLES(G)

FELLOWES(Rev. E) ..
FENZKE). Florence ..
FISH (D. T), Hardwicke

Gardens
FISHER (Rev. O.)
FITCH (W. H.), F.L.S.
FLE M 1 NG (the late J ), Cliveden

Gardens
FOSTER (Dr. M.). F.R.S.
FROST (P.). Dtopmore Gardens

GIBSON (WM.)

GILBERT (J. H.). F.RS.
GLAISHER(J.), K R S
GRAY (Prof. ASA). Boston
GREEN(CHARLES) ..
GRIEVE (P.). Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HANBURY (P.), Mentone ..
HART (J.). Jamaica
HEMSLEY (W. B.)
HENRY(the late I. ANDERSON)
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLI)W(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev. F. D.)
HOWARD (the late J. E.),F.R.S.
HUDSON O), Gunnersbury

Gardens
IM ■THURN (EVERARD),

British Guiana
INGRAM (W.). Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLY(C.). Paris .. ..

JULIAN(RCHD.G.\F.R.I.B.A
KING I Dr.), Calcutta ..

KNIGHT (H.)

KOLB (MaXI, Munich
KRELAGE(J. H.I, Haarlem ..
LANGE (Prof.), Copenhagen ..
LAVALLEE (ihe late ALPil.),

Paris

LEES(E.), F.L.S

LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden

Baden . .
LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LOW .V E, ( B. T.), F. R. C. S. . .
LYNCH (R. I). Cambridge

Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN (R.), F.R.S. ..
MACOWAN (Prof.), Cape Town
MANGLES(lhelate J. H.), F.L.S.

MAR1ES(C.)

MARTINS (Prof.), Montpellier . .

MAW (G.). F.L.S

MEEHAN (T), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D.), Duurobin

(gardens
MICHIE (C. Y.), CuUea House,

Banff

MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey

Gardens

MILLER (W), Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIROIChev.), Lisbon ..
MOORE (F. W), Glasnevin Bo-
tanic Garden . .
MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge ..
MORRIS (D.), Jamaica . .
M UDD (C), South Africa

Garden Botany.

Conifers.

Garden Literature.

Practical Gardening.

Landscape Gardening.

Roses.

Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening.

Roses.

Illustrations.

Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Meteorology.
Garden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.

Flower Gardening.

Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Architecture.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.

Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.

Garden Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Amateur Gardening.

Garden Botany.

Insects.
Colonial Notes.

Rhododendrons.

Japan Plants.

Foreign Correspondence.

Crocus — Garden Plants.
American Correspondence.

Practical CJardening.

Forestry.

Practical (^dening.
Practical (gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.

Practical Gardening
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.

Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.

MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.),
Melbourne

MURTON (H. J.), Siam

NAUDIN(C), Antibes ..

NELSON (C. J.), Orange Free

State Foreign Correspondence.

NESFIELD (the late MARK-
HAM) .. Landscape Gardening.

NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum.

O'BRIEN (JAMES) .. .. Orchid Culture.

O'BRIEN (P.) Propagaiion.

OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

OLIVER (Prof.), F.R.S Garden Botany.

OLIVEIRA (I. D'). Oporto . Foreign Correspondence.

OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon

Park Gardens Practical Gardening.

ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects.

OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-

sterdani Foreign Correspondence.

PAGET (Sir James)
PAUL(GEOKGE)

PAUL(WM.)

PEAKE(thelate A W.)
PFITZER(Prof.). Heidelberg ..
PHILIPS (W.)

Diseases of Plants.
Floriculture.
Floriculture.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Orchids.

Fungi— Plant Diseases.
PLANCHON (Prof), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence.

Fungi— Plant Diseases.

Colonial Notes.

Foreign Correspondence.

Foreign Correspondence.

Orchids.

Practical Gardeiiirg

Fruit Culture.

PLOWRIGHTfC. B.)
PRESrO(H.), fiiiiidad..
PYNAERT(E ), Ghent ..
REGEL (E). St. Petersburg .
REICHENBACH (Professor) .
RICHES (T.), Chester ..
RIVERS (F.). Sawbridgeworth .

ROBERTS (J.) Practical (Jardening.

ROBINSON (J. F) .. .. Bees.

RODIGAS, (E.), Ghent .. .. Foreign Correspondence.

RUST (J.) Practical Gardening.

SARGEANT (C. W.), Boston .. American Correspo,.dence.

SAUL (M.). York Practical Gatdeuing.

SCHO.MBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide Colonial Notes.
SCHUBELER(Prof.), Christiana Foreign Correspondence.
SHEPPARD (J), Wolverston

Gardens Practical Gardening

SIEMENS(thelateSirW.).F.RS. Electric Light

Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations— Fungi.
Diseases of Plants,
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes
American Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes.
Practical (gardening.

SMITH (A.). Hyires
SMITH (W. G.), F.L.S.
SORAUER (Prof,), Proskau ..
SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden
SWAN (W.), Fallowfield..
SYME (G.). Jamaica
THURBER(G), New York ..
TIDMARSH, Graham's Town . .
TODARO (Baron), Palermo
TRIMEN(H,), Ceylon
WALLIS (J, ), Keele Gardens . .
WARD (H. W,), Longford Castle

Gardens .. .. .. Practical Gardenin,!.

WARINGTON (R.) .. .. Vegetable Chemisuy.

WATSON (SERENO), Boston,

U.S. . . . . . . . . Garden Botany.

WATSON (W.), Kew .. .. Practical Gardening.

WEBSTER (J), Gordon Castle

Gardens Practical Gardening.

WEBSTER(A. D) .. .. Forestry.

WEIR (H.), Tunbridge Wells .. Gardening for Amateurs.
WESTWOOD (Professor) .. Insects.

WILDSMITH (W), Heckfield

Gardens.. .. ., .. Practical Gardening

WILLIS (J. W.). Harpenden .. Chemistry.
WILSON (G. F), F.R.S., .. Lilies. &c.

WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening,

WITTMACK (Dr.). Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN,St.Petersburg Foreign Correspundeuce.
With many others.

822

IHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 1884,

THE GARDENERS;^ CHRONICLE.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.

Head Line charged as t^vo.

4 Lines.

.f,o

■>.

0

15 1

ines

■ .f,o

8

6

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6

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.

Page iig o o

Half Page 500

Column . . . . . . ..350

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

You will See

SOMETHING NEW

in this Space Next Week

for

NURSERYMEN and GARDENERS,

from

WOOD & MILTON.

GAEDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.

z6 words IS. 6d., and 6<i. for every additional ine
(about 9 words) or part of a line.

THESH ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BB PREPAID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. ^Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages. 55. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions payable in advance.

The United Kingdom : n Months, £,\ 31. \od. ; 6 Months,

\\s. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) : including Postage,

jCi 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, jCi 8j. -id.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,

W.C. to W. Richards.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,

DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.

;„_ Tha Beat
y _,^ij and Quickest
? Hade.

4-m ExpaDsioD Joint Hot -water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. yi. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. fid, each.

Price List on application.

IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER,

PATENT.

Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to be
pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always leady, and
being made of strong material will last several years. Many ex-
perienced Vine growers have alrsady adopted it, and expiessed
their entire approval of the result. Box containing 6 dozen,
price 5^.

Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, 141 and 141. High Street,
Netting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey.

The Original and only Genuine
Trentham Rivetted Boiler.

Recently Improved and deduced in Price.

Also Makers or all other kinds of Boilc-rs for Heating.

HOr-WATEF« PIPES AND FITTINGS

of eveiy description for Heating Apparatus,
THE LARGEST SfCCI- IN THF KINGDOM

HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT AIR HEATING
APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED.

FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry,
Newcastle, StaflFordshire.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotia I Portable !
For Coal !

BOBEBTS'S PATENT.

Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for about id.,
withoutattention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, or almost
any purpose. Pamphlet and authenticated Testimonials
sent. In use daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,

112, Victoria Street Westminster, S.W.

TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER

JL (Patent)- Great Economy in Time and Labour. Sample
Box, containing six dozen, in three sizes, price 55. Sold by

R. H. AND J. PEARSON. 141 and 143, High Street, Nouing
Hill. London, W. ; and J. W. DART, bt. Aubm's, Jersey.

THE "LANKESTER" HOT- WATER
BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid, Waterway End Roiler.
Distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency, aod Economy cf Fuel.
Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue
Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we
are acquainted. P"ce of Boiler

J Heat of and *set of

^°°S- 4.in. Pipe. Fittings.
A, 19 in. 150 feet £,$ 10 o

E, 22 in.

C. 24 in.

D, 26 in.
£, sS in.

F, 32 in.

0. 36 in.
II, 42 in.

1, 48 in.
1. 54 in.
K, 60 in.

* Comprises full size double furnace door, ashpit door and
regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fire bars, three
cleaning doors, damper, &c.

Says a Gardener 0/ great experience ." — " It is a wonderful
Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns
anything." " It will become a universal favourite."

Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one ha
been complained of. It will last out three wrought-iron Boilets

FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES,
for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe.

An Independent Boiler, with furnace front,
doors, fire bars and dead plale complete, and
6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LITTLE
WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side
wall of conservatory by any bricklayer ; llie
funnel running up just outside the gtas-. It can
be applied almoit everywhere. It will keep in
all ni^ht. It is worthy of us name. Price com-
plete, 50 feet bize, ^4 1 5 ; 100 feet size, ^5 15^.

If cheque is enclosed with order 5 per cent. Discount may be
deducted ; if not, reference to Banker required.

LANKESTER & SONS,
Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton.

We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom.
Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances
for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application.

300 „
400 ,,
500 „
600 „

6 15
8 5
g 10
10 15

700 „
850 „
1000 ,,

12 5

13 15
15 10

1250 „
i6co ,,

17 5
19 10

2000 ,,

32 10

FOSTER & PEARSON, Beeston, Notts.

M

"2

II

•-2

o
o

" Haud desinam donee perfeeero."

R. S. DUNBAR

(Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY),

No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E,C.

HOT-WATER PIPES -
ELBOWS
SYPHONS
TEES ••

2-inch, \s. Oil ; 3-inch, is. ^d. ; 4-inch, is. gd. per yard.

2-inch, i.f. ^d. ; 3-inch, 2.?. od. ; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each.

2-inch, 2s. od. ; 3-inch, t,s. od. ; 4-inch, /[$. od. each,

2-inch, 2s. od. ; 3-inch, 3.?. od. ; 4-inch, 4.9. od. each.

A Discotmt for Cash to the Trade.

December 27, 1S84.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

823

PURE WOOD CHARCOAL

FOR

VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,

AND CBNEKAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSHS.

HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.

THE MOST POWERFUL BOILERS IN EXISTENCE.

V \V-

Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1.

H we been giving uiniujililicJ s^itiifjciioii mare ihan ^o ytar-.

T h.ms3i.d:i in e.iiCLessliil use.

Voss^js the greatest aiea of lieaiing .'Urface.

Will htat a greater IrtRih uf i ipe with less fuel tliau any otli-t

bo ler of same sie.
Rtquiro a shallow sti lit ho!c.

Hav<: no joints at the cr.dsof the lubes as in other tubu'ar buileis.
Will last longer ihan any other boiUr.

The foUowiiiS Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for
itseif:-

" TJic CtiiUns, ll'csC Ashvy, Horncaillc, Oct. ii, iS?.i
"Dear Sirs, — Wk h ve got the boiler fixed (a Huri/ciiital
Tuhi.lis A I K-ilent I.'cnr.is'lloilct) aid well tued. I am vtry
plea.cd with If. both in its woiking and stoking. It makes ihe
pipes so hot that w.^ cannot bear our hands on them, although
the aiiangement ol" the pUcs is very complicated. I r.cver
charged it yet more ihan li.di' full of coke We have another
range of housei heated with a saddle which gives us a lot of
trouble, and it it wai.t5an\thirgdoin[; to it I will have it repl 'ccd
bv tne of yours.— lam, yours truly fsigned) Geo. Murr \v."
AV:i-, Ktvi.ed, ami Rednctd FU ICE LIST, just /'ul-hJu-J,
Pcsi-/*fe CH app.ictxfioii.
CROMPTON AND FAWKES (formerly T. H. P. Dennis S.
Co.^, Heating Engineers and Manufacturer?, Anchor Works
Chelmsford (London Office : Mansion House Huildiugs).

THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.

Piice. as tr.-ii.iVLi^ ^iih bviler, open feed syphon, \i ft. of

4 inch hot-w.itcr i> jjc. and patent j.inis complete, ^^4 4.S.
Delivered free to ariy Station. Discount (or cash.

This ia the simp'esl, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no biick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so thai
the whole of the heal from the boiler itself is utilised.

It bums over 12 hours without attention at a nominal cost.

"Loughborough" Foilers to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-in. pipe,
with hot-water pipe, joints, &c., always in stock.

COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE
ON APPLICATION.
The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every appaiatus
is delivered with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing.

Illustrated LI>>T with full particulars, post-free.
Note.— All genuine Boilers have " The Loughborough
Boiler" cast on.

DEANE & CO.,

Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers,

'SS.e'c"! LONDON BRIDGE.

S^CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE
GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES,
CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E.

Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E.

Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower.

Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and

full p^riiculais on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of

the School of Art, Science, and Literature. Crystal Palace.

Mr. MiLNER has moved his Oflices to the above address,
where his piofessional work is now carried on.

UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,

Threadneedle Street. E.G. ; Charing Cross. S.W. ;

Oxford Sticct (corner of Vere Street), W.

FIRE. — EstablL-hed 1710. Home and Foreign InsuxaLCes at

moderate rales.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rales for youi'g lives.
T-'irge tH-Quses. Immediate settlement of claims.

How TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earley. Price u. stitched.

How TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price i.r. stitched.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Eouverie
Street, E.C.

Gentlemen having Waste or tJnprofltable
X.and

SHOULD APPLY I'OR

PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES

TO

Mr. COOPER, F.U.H.S.,

CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS.

The Beat Family Newspaper

in the North of Engl.md.

THE LEEDS TIMES. Saturday, Weekly.
Price Twopence. Established, 1852. The " Leeds
Times " is one of the largest and most popular family ncvi-papers
extant. In addition to a judicious digest of the local, distiic',
and general news of the week, it contains some column^ of care-
fully selected literary malttr, thus making it a welcome cutst
in every family circle. It circulates largely in Leed«, Bradford,
Hudderbfield. Dewsbury, and mobt of the towns and villjt;es in
the West Riding, and is thus one of the best advertising
mediums ia Yolk^hire.

Offices, 4QA, Briggate, Leeds.

The Sydney Mail

AND

NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.

CONTENTS :—

INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.

SPOIVriNG and the TIELD in which is incorporated
UtLL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.

RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURK.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.

THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)

NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.)

AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.

GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.

STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.

ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.

TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.

THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.

THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

WANT PLACES.

The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount ot information on a great vaiiety of subjects.

Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.

Suigle Copies, (yd. ; Stamped, ^d.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.

ENGLAND.

The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:-

LoNDON Messrs. Geo, Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.

Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard

Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Sl Bride Street,

Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H Smith & Son, 1S6. Strand.

Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance

Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.... Robertson & Scott, la, Hanover Street.

Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange

Place.

^^ Copies of each yournal aj'e filed at the
above Offices fo? the use of Advertisers.

WANTED, an INDOOR FOREMAN, for
a Public Place. Must be able to get up a large quantity
of Bedding Plants, have a good knowledge of Vines. Cucumbeis,
and Ornamental Plants. Wages28j. per week, with extras, 30^.
Stale Places previously employed in, age, references, &c., aUo
send copies of testimonials. — A. B., Messrs. Dickson,
Brown & Tait, Corporation Street, Manchester.

WANTED, a trustworthy and competent
young Man, to take the Principal Charge, under the
Proprietor, of an old-establiahed Seed Business in a thriving
town in Ireland. Address applications, enclosing copies of tes-
timonials and other particulars, to M. S., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, WelHngton Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a thoroughly trustworthy
energetic MAN, well up in Hardy Fruit Department
and Outside Work generally. Wages 185. per week and un-
furnished room:.. — C. C. R., Gardeners 'Chronicle Office, 4T,
Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

WANTED, a steady, respectable, intelligent,
good WORKMAN, to assist principally on Pleasure-
Ground ; must understand his work. Married ; wife to attend
to Dairy, and a good Butter maker. Wages, £,\ per week, with
a cottage. — C. SANDFORD, Watcombe Park, near Torquay,
Devon.

WANTED, for a Florist's Shop, a young
LADY, who is a first-rate hand at Making Bouquets,
Wreaths, &c. — Apply, giving references, and stating salary
expected, to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTUfiAL
COMPANY (John Cowan) Limited, The Vineyard, Garslon,
Liverpool.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some e-vci^llcnt Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
Jt)URNEVMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the diflereut capacities will he made.— HoUoway, N,

QCOTCH GARDENERS.

►O — John Downiic, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH
(;.\RDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging
from ;£5a to .jC'OO per annum, and he will be pleased to supply
full paiticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman re(iuirinBa trust-*
worthy and competent Gardener.

r)ICHARD SMITH AND CO.
^ beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
ihcy will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

C":;AKDENER (Head). — General Parke

vJ recommends a practical, trustworthy Gardener, who
has been eight years in his service. — General PARKE,
Thomhile House, Slalbridge, Dorset.

C GARDENER (He,\d), where two or three
^ are ktpt. — Age 30 ; thirteen years*' experience in leading
places. Thoroughly practical in all branches, Forcing of Friiii,
Flowers, and Vegetables, Orchid Growing, and Kitchen Gar-
dening. Good character.- W. E., Cross Lanes, Bedale.

C:i ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of
? Hollanden, Tonbiidge, wishes to highly re:oinmend his
Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight
years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on
account of family moving lo Town. — For particulars apply to
P. C. HARDWICK, Esq , address as above.

i^ARDENER (He.\d). — W. J. Iretand,

vJ Gardener, Headfort House, would be hapjiy to lecoiu-
mend to any Nobleman or Gentleman a thoroughly truslwortby
and energetic man as above. Fourteen years' practical expe-
rience in some of the leading English Gardens, and now Foreman
at Headfort House. Good character from past and preseut
siluations, and has also the honour of referring to the Marquis
of Headfort, Headfort House, Kells, Co. Meaih.

GARDENER (Head), or ESTATE
BAILIFF.— Age 40 : is now open to re-engagemeni.
Long and successful experience in all branches. Has held both
public and private situations; last plice eight years Writ
educated, highly recommended, and thoroughly trustworthy.
— G. L.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 46,
married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branchcB
of Gaidening. Good reference. — T. S,, Rosebaak, Upper
Bognor, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
two or three are kept. —Age 36, married. Can obtain
first-cldss testimonials from previous and present emplnyerf,
with wliom he has lived eigh'.een years. — E. FORNACHON,
P.UckbtoA, Pontrilas R. S. O , Herefordshire.

ARDENER (Under). — Age 22 ; total

abstainer.— J. SPARROW, Harrow Weald. Middlesex.

Seed Trade.

MANAGER or HEAD SHOPMAN.— Age
30, married ; fourteen years' practical experience in the
Wholesale and Retail Seed Trade. Excellent references.— j. C,
Gardeners' Chronicle Oifice, 4t, Wellington Street. Strand,W.C.

SHOPMAN, CLERK, or BOOK-KEEPER.
— Age :7 ; eleven years' experience in Nursery and Seed
Trade. Highest references —C. A. VIZE. 2, Trinity Road,
Southimplon.

SHOPMAN, in good house.— Age 25 ; first-
class experience and references. — H. N"., Gardeners'
ChromcU Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Ssed T'"3.de

SHOPMAN (Assistant).'— Age 21.— Apply
to R. B LAIRD AND SONS (successors to Downie &
Laird), Seedsmen, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

— ^

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

EPPS'S COCOA.

BREAKFAST.

" By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govetn
tlie operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps
has provided cur breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It i-;
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready lo attack wherever there is a weak point. We
may escape many a fatal shalt by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service
Gazette.

Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —

JAMES EPFS £c CO., Homoeopatlilc Chemlsta,
London, England.

OLLO WA\ 'S~PILLS~and OINTMENT,

— Bilious affections, with all their concomitant annoy-
ances, induced by atmospheric changes or too liberal diet, should
he checked at once, or serious consequences may ensue. When
any one finds his ideas less clear than usual, his eyesight dimmed
and his head dizzy, accompanied by a disinclination for all exer-
tion, physical or mental, he may be quite sure that he is in
immediate need of some alterative medicine. Let him at once
send for a box of Holloway's Pills, a mild course of which will
remove the symptoms, and speedily renew his usual healthful
feeling. If the boweU be irritable, Holloway's Ointment should
be dilligently rubbed over the stomach and liver every night and
morning.

G

824

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[December 27, 1884.

AA^ I N T E R ! — ^V I N T E R !

All in charge of HOTHOUSES should now look to their BOILERS,

and remember that

WEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT

TUBULAR BOILER

IS THE

GARDENER'S BEST FRIEND.

The UNIFORM and UNPRECEDENTED
SUCCESS of this MATCHLESS BOILER stamps
it the Boiler of the age, and enables J. WEEKS
& CO. to give a TEN YEARS' GUARANTEE
(subject to the usual conditions) with every
DUPLEX BOILER fixed by them.

NOTE A DOZEN OF ITS ADVANTAGES!!

I- — GREA T DURABILITY — the average durability is 20 years.

2.— Being of CAST IRON it is infinitely more durable than, any Wrought-Iron Boiler.

Z.—n is MORE PO WERFUL and has performed GREA TER ACHIEVEMENTS than any Boiler extant.

A— The HOLLO J V FURNACE BARS last 11 years longer than the ordinary Solid Bars, and ADD

TWENTY PER CENT OF POWER.
5. — All Sediment can be removed.

6.— Any ordinary labourer can periodically CLEAN OUT THE BOILER, without displacing the setting
!■— Perfect SAFETY is insured.
8. — A breakdown or failure is almost itnpossible.

9.- In case of repairs to ONE SECTION of the Boiler, the remaining portion can be left in operation.
I o. - The Boiler being in SECTIONS can be passed through a doorway i foot 6 inches wide
^u-NO NIGHT STORING REQUIRED This, in addition to their RELIABILITY saves the
Gardener a VAST AMOUNT OF TROUBLE AND ANXIETY.
Weeks's upright Tubular is the ONLY BOILER that offers these advantages, which cannot fail to be of
the utmost interest and benefit to the Horticultural World.

12

PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free on application to

J. WEEKS & CO.,

HOETICTILTUEAL ENGIIEERS, Kllfi'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

Editorial Communications should be addressed
Primed by WiLMAM Richard:
the said William Richards, at the
Agent for

(3